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In the world of Skeet shooting, also known as Inanimate Bird Shooting, what is the name of the small round disk that serves as the target?

Shooting Excerpt from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (2005) Shooting Excerpt from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (2005) Shooting Excerpt from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (2005) Дата Shooting Excerpt from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (2005) Modern shooting sports evolved from the use of arms for hunting and combat. Today, sport hunters lead conservation efforts and fuel a huge industry in shooting gear. A wide variety of competitions with rifles, shotguns, and pistols entertain shooters year-round. Some of the most skilled compete at the Olympic Games. History Shooting sports arose from the use of weapons and hunting implements. Long before gunpowder, hunters defended themselves and killed game from a distance. Rocks and spears gave way to boomerangs, arrows, darts, and bolts. “Chinese snow” appeared in fireworks a couple of centuries before English friar Roger Bacon described gunpowder in 1249. In 1327, England’s Edward II used guns to invade Scotland, but their performance didn’t match their novelty. The first guns were heavy tubes that required two attendants. One held the tube while his partner lit a priming charge with a burning stick or rope. The first lock was a lever by which a smoldering wick was lowered to the touch-hole in the barrel. Such guns were called matchlocks. Sixteenth-century German gun designers replaced the wick with a spring-loaded jaw that held pyrite (flint) against a serrated bar. Pulling the bar across the pyrite showered sparks into a pan that held a trail of fine gunpowder leading to the touch-hole. Around 1515 in Nuremberg the bar was replaced by a spring-loaded sprocket wound with a spanner wrench. Pulling the trigger released the wheel to spin against a fixed shard of pyrite held against the wheel’s teeth. The subsequent flintlock featured a cock or hammer with a clamped flint that struck a steel plate above the pan. In 1806 Scotch clergyman Alexander John Forsythe became the first on record to ignite a spark inside the chamber of a gun. He used an explosive fulminate to generate sparks. In 1814, sea captain Joshua Shaw of Philadelphia upstaged a host of experimenters to produce a viable percussion cap. Columbus reached the Americas while armed with a triggerless matchlock. Pilgrims carried long 75-caliber smoothbore flintlocks, although the superior accuracy of rifled bores had been proven as early as 1498 in Germany. Americans did come to favor the jaeger (hunter) rifle with a 61- to 76-centimeter barrel of 65 to 70 caliber. To conserve lead, frontier gunsmiths made jaegers with small bores. To shave weight, they trimmed the stock. The svelte “Kentucky rifle,” derived mostly from Pennsylvania-based German gunmakers, resulted. Undersize balls in greased patches speeded loading. As the frontier edged west, the needs of hunters changed. Grizzly bears, bison, and elk were hard to kill with Kentucky rifles, whose barrels were also awkward in the saddle. Brothers Sam and Jake Hawken of St. Louis developed a shorter rifle with a half-stock and heavy 50-caliber soft-iron barrel with a slow rifling twist. Mid-nineteenth-century mountain men coveted their Hawkens. In 1848, New York inventor Walter Hunt developed a repeating rifle with the charge in the base of his “rocket ball” bullets. Financier George Arrowsmith and mechanic Lewis Jennings made the rifle more reliable. In 1849 Arrowsmith sold this “Volitional” repeater for $100,000 to railroad magnate Courtland Palmer. With Palmer’s backing, Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson developed a metallic cartridge for it. In 1855 a group of forty New York and New Haven investors bought out Smith, Wesson, and Palmer to form the Volcanic Repeating Arms Company. Their first director, shirt salesman Oliver F. Winchester, hired B. Tyler Henry to reengineer both rifle and ammo. In 1860 Henry came up with a fifteen-shot repeater that would later impress Confederates as the “damned Yankee rifle you loaded on Sunday and fired all week.” But the Henry lacked the punch needed by buffalo hunters, who favored Remington Rolling Block and Sharps 1874 dropping-block single-shots chambered for cigar-size cartridges. When the Sharps Rifle Company folded in 1880, the sustenance and market hunting was over. Human scavengers would glean more than three million tons of bison bones from the plains. The days of buffalo hunting were short and shameful. By that time Winchester had discovered John Moses Browning, a frontier gun genius working from a crude shop in Ogden, Utah. Between 1883 and 1900, Browning would deliver forty-four designs to Winchester’s New Haven plant. The Model 1886 lever-action brought Browning $50,000 in 1885. The first successful gas-operated guns came from Browning, whose machine gun cycled 1,800 rounds in Colt’s test lab without malfunction. It weighed half as much as a Gatling. A fearsome succession of weapons followed. Hermann Goering would remark that if Germany had had Browning .50s, it might have defeated Britain’s RAF. By 1900 three of every four guns used by American sportsmen were Winchesters of Browning design. Only Peter Paul Mauser, who developed the bolt-action rifle in Germany during the 1880s, has had such lasting impact on the design of modern sporting guns. His rifles would allow twentieth-century designers like Roy Weatherby to extend the reach of hunters, target shooters, and tactical marksmen. The period between 1820 and 1900 was the most active in the history of firearms design. From flintlock to caplock, muzzle-loader to breech-loader, single-shot to repeater, firearms became more effective and reliable. They also determined the games that would entertain sportsmen and women. While hunters established the rifle market on the western frontier, target shooting became popular in the East. German- and Swiss-style Schuetzenfests included beer, sauerbraten, and beautiful single-shot rifles. The first recorded Schuetzenfest occurred in New York the year after the Civil War ended. Most shooting was done at 183 meters, offhand. The rifles weighed from 5.5 to 7.3 kilograms, with 32- to 45-caliber bores and sophisticated aperture sights. Shortly after 1900, scopes were permitted in some events. By that time, riflemen were competing in long-range matches shot prone with rifles resembling those used by buffalo hunters. In fact, Lewis L. Hepburn modified the Rolling Block as he began work for Remington on a rifle that would help beat the Irish sharpshooters who had won at Wimbledon in 1873. The Irish had subsequently challenged “any American team” to another contest. The team would comprise six men who would fire three rounds of fifteen shots, one round each at 732, 823, and 914 meters, onto targets 3.7 meters high and 1.8 meters wide, with 91-centimeter-square bull’s-eyes. The Sharps and Remington companies soon came up with prize funds and promised rifles for the event. An Amateur Rifle Club was formed to conduct tryouts. A fledgling National Rifle Association and the cities of New York and Brooklyn put up $5,000 each to build a rifle range on Long Island’s Creed’s Farm. Deeded to the NRA for $26,250 in 1872, it would be called Creedmoor. Remington’s new target rifle, a .44-90 shooting 550-grain conical bullets, came off the line in March 1874. On September 26, a favored Irish team shooting muzzle-loaders bowed to the Americans and their new Remington and Sharps breech-loaders. The score was 934 to 93l. Matches held in 1875 and 1876 were won more decisively by the U.S. team. Remington Creedmoor rifles posted the highest scores. Experiments to test and improve the inherent accuracy of rifles led, in mid-nineteenth century, to a sport that has since grown. Benchrest shooting started as a noncompetitive diversion for hobbyists in the northeastern United States. After the 1930s, when benchrest competition blossomed, participants took the science of rifle accuracy more seriously. Women participated too. Sharpshooter Mary Louise DeVito fired ten shots into a group of less than 20 centimeters at 914 meters, a world record during the Vietnam era. Shooters and rifles kept improving. In August 2003, Kyle Brown put ten shots into a 10.7-centimeter group at 914 meters. Laurels in benchrest shooting go to competitors with the most accurate rifles and ammunition, and to those who can best read wind and mirage. In the past, however, accolades went to the most flamboyant shooters, many of whom were employed by traveling shows and gun and ammunition firms for exhibitions during the late nineteeth and early twentieth centuries. Annie Oakley was one of these talents. Phoebe Ann Moses was born in a log cabin in Darke County, Ohio, in 1860. She shot her first game, a squirrel, at age eight. Subsistence hunting refined her skills with a rifle. At a local rifle match, she beat visiting sharpshooter Frank Butler. She was only fifteen! A year later they married, and Annie joined his traveling show under the name of Annie Oakley. Later, she joined Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show. Sweet-tempered and petite, Annie became an instant star. The German crown prince, later Kaiser Wilhelm II, once asked her to shoot a cigarette from his lips. She obliged, remarking after World War I that a miss might have changed history. Her sharpshooting demonstrations included an exhibition in 1884 when she used a .22 rifle to shatter 943 glass balls out of 1,000 tossed. If Annie had an equal, it was Ad Topperwein, born in 1869 near New Braunfels, Texas. With a .22 Winchester 1890 pump rifle, young Ad began shooting aerial targets and wound up shooting for a circus. In 1894, he used a rifle to break 955 of 1,000 clay 5.7-centimeter disks tossed in the air. Dissatisfied with the score, he repeated twice, shattering 987 and 989. Standard clay shotgun targets proved too easy; he broke 1,500 straight, the first 1,000 from 9.1 meters, the last 500 from 12.2 meters. Ad was also a showman. Holding a Model 63 with the ejection port up, he’d fire a cartridge, then shoot the ejected case in the air. He could riddle five tossed cans before any hit the ground. He drew Indian-head caricatures in tin with up to 450 bullets fired at a shot a second. After shooting at a washer tossed aloft, he’d tell onlookers the bullet went through the middle. Challenged by the audience, Ad would stick a postage stamp over the hole, toss the washer again and perforate the stamp. Topperwein began working for Winchester, where he met, wed, and teamed with Elizabeth Servaty. To audiences, she became “Plinky,” a fine shot in her own right. In 1916 she blasted 1,952 of 2,000 clay targets with a Model 12 shotgun. Topperwein’s exploits drew exciting competition, culminating with the remarkable performance by Remington salesman Tom Frye when he shot 100,004 out of 100,010 5.7 x 5.7-centimeter airborne blocks with Nylon 66 autoloaders. Frye missed two of his first 43,725 targets. Other exhibition shooters entertained American audiences during the first half of the twentieth century, but such events dwindled after World War II. Herb Parsons, the last gun wizard to shoot for Winchester, recorded his stunts on film during the 1950s. Tom Knapp, who now shoots for Benelli, upstaged Parsons’s feat of hand-tossing seven clay targets at once and breaking them all with seven shots from a Winchester pump. Knapp emphasizes that the autoloading Benelli he used to hit nine clays might have helped Parsons too. What Is Competitive Shooting? There are three main categories of target shooting: (1) rifle and (2) pistol shooting, and (3) shotgunning. Rifle and Pistol Shooting The most common rifle competition now practiced in the United States is conducted by clubs affiliated with the National Rifle Association, which has published rulebooks governing all of its sanctioned shooting events. The “black bull’s-eye” matches developed for riflemen accommodate a range of shooters and equipment. A BB gun match limits competitors to smoothbore air- or gas-powered guns firing .177 steel balls. Iron sights only are permitted. Firing distance: 5 meters. A three-position match comprises ten shots each in prone, kneeling, and offhand; four-position matches add ten shots in a sitting position. Precision air rifle competitions are three-position events using iron sights at 10 meters with air- or gas-powered rifles. Sporter air rifle events mandate lighter-weight rifles. They can include four-position matches and optical sights. Several courses of fire exist for .22 rimfires, including three- and four-position matches, prone matches, and team events. Some are fired at 15 meters on indoor ranges, others outdoors at longer yardage. Some specify iron sights; others allow scopes. A two-day prone match comprises 160 record shots each day at 46 meters, 50 meters, and 92 meters. The first day is shot with iron sights, the second with a scope. High-power (centerfire) rifle matches require longer ranges. The National Match Course includes 183-meter offhand and rapid-fire sitting stages, plus prone stages at 274 and 549 meters, all with iron sights. Service rifle and open categories level the playing field and encourage practice with military rifles. International rules for rifles, targets, and courses of fire are generally more stringent than NRA rules. One Olympic event is free rifle, consisting of 40 shots prone, 40 offhand, and 40 kneeling at 300 meters with an iron-sighted centerfire target rifle. All bull’s-eye rifle competition (NRA and international) is by the clock, though the deadline for each shot comes much more quickly in timed and rapid-fire events. At 105 minutes, the standing stage of free rifle gives marksmen more than 2 1/2 minutes for each record round. Bull’s-eye shooting has little to offer spectators. But metallic silhouette matches entertain. In 1967 Roy Dunlap and fellow shooters at Nogales, Arizona, imported this sport from Mexico. Original course of fire: 10 shots each at steel gallinas (chickens) at 200 meters, guajalotes (turkeys), at 385 and borregos (sheep) at 500. Dunlap added a bank of javelinas (pigs), to be shot at 300 meters. On April 12, 1969, the first American metallic silhouette match unfolded at the Tucson rifle range. An entry fee of 30 pesos, or $2.40, included all the pit-barbecued beef you could eat. Matches that followed were for centerfire rifles only, with an increased maximum weight of 4.6 kilograms to accommodate scope sights. Still, all shots had to be taken offhand (standing), without a sling or artificial support. The [National Rifle Association][ http://www.nra.org/default.aspx ] has developed metallic silhouette courses for black-powder cartridge rifle, long-range pistol, short-range pistol, small-bore (rimfire) rifle, even air rifle and air pistol. Target sizes and distances vary. In centerfire and rimfire rifle matches, competitors fire 40, 60, 80, or 120 shots in five-round strings, with no sighting shots. Approximately 17,230,000 shooters fire at paper targets each year in the United States, including 10,966,000 handgunners. Traditional bull’s-eye pistol matches call for one-handed shooting, typically with autoloading guns that can be reloaded easily for ten-shot strings. The National Match Course includes a ten-shot, slow-fire string at 46 meters, plus five-shot timed-fire (20-second) and five-shot rapid-fire (10-second) strings, both at 23 meters. There are gallery events for indoor shooting, and matches for certain types of handguns (rimfire or centerfire, pistol or revolver). Most but not all matches specify iron sights. International rules apply to additional courses: rapid fire, center fire, sport pistol match, standard pistol, air pistol, and free pistol. The latter, like the free rifle event, showcases superaccurate equipment fired very deliberately. The distance in this case is 50 meters. A practical extension of bull’s-eye shooting is police combat shooting. The target is black-on-white, as in bull’s-eye shooting, but it is shaped like a human torso. Prone, sitting, kneeling, and standing positions are all included in police combat. Shooters hold guns with both hands, as they would in a real emergency. In some matches, shooters use small “backup” guns. In others, caliber designations apply. A notch up in excitement from police combat is action pistol, another series of contests emphasizing speed and precision in real-world shooting scenarios. The Los Alamitos Pistol Match includes five stages, for a total of forty-two shots at 6, 9, and 23 meters. The same distances apply to moving target, twenty-four shots. During barricade events, shooters fire from behind simulated wall corners at 9, 14, 23, and 32 meters, six shots each in five, six, seven, and eight seconds. Shooters feel the same urgency in the falling plate event, as they fire at 20-centimeter round metal disks. In some courses, competitors must use their weak hand; in others, timing starts with a holstered gun. Action pistol events have spawned a cottage industry in “race guns” tuned and modified for superior speed and accuracy. The events are telegenic and carry substantial purses. Competitors earn national recognition and endorsement packages in high-profile championships like the Bianchi Cup. Cowboy action shooting was developed in 1979 by Harper Criegh, Bill Hahn, and Gordon Davis, who formed the [Single Action Shooting Society,][ http://www.sassnet.com/ ] the sport's organizing body. Matches feature various competitions using handguns, rifles and shotguns most typical of the American West from 1860 to 1900. The emphasis is on speed and accuracy. Shooting scenarios have a Wild West theme, born from actual incidents, movie scenes, or match designers' imaginations. Participants enjoy dressing up in clothing of the Old West era, and each must have a pseudonym or "handle," adding a historical and theatrical flavor to the sport. Shotgunning Hitting targets in the air with a cloud of pellets from a smoothbore gun was recorded as early as 1793 in England’s Sporting Magazine. Live pigeons were placed in shallow cavities in the ground and “trapped” there with old hats. At the gunner’s signal, a jerk on the line attached to a hat released the pigeon. The first formal trap shoot in the United States occurred in Cincinnati in 1831. The passenger pigeon, a wild bird but then plentiful and easy to catch, was the target of choice. By 1850, live pigeon shooting had drawn lots of interest—but also complaints from people who objected to wholesale killing. Also, wild pigeons had become scarce. States began outlawing the sport. Then, in 1866, Charles Portlock of Boston improved on a sling device or trap used in England to throw glass balls. The balls flew and broke inconsistently; nonetheless, the sport grew. Captain Adam Borgardus, market hunter and exhibition shooter, devised a better trap. George Ligowsky of Cincinnati developed a clay disk that flew flatter and faster. In 1880 he demonstrated the target at a live bird shoot on Coney Island. A year later his improved trap gave the disks even more appeal. An Englishman named McCaskey soon made them easier to break by substituting river silt and pitch for the ground clay and water used by Ligowsky. Limestone later replaced the silt. “Clay pigeons” or “clay birds,” as they’re known today, are still made of limestone and pitch. Initially, trap shooters using the new disks participated in teams of six, one man behind each of five trap houses and an “extra” that rotated out after position number five. In 1885, W. G. Sargent of Joplin, Missouri, changed the game to incorporate three traps. Two years later, five shooters were shooting from five stations behind one trap. So the game remains. In American or ATA ([Amateur Trapshooting Association] http://www1.shootata.com/atahome.cfm ]) Trap, the clay bird leaves the trap at about 65 kilometers per hour, its direction determined by the trap arm, which pivots in a 44-degree arc. The target typically sails 46 meters if not hit; most hits occur at around 32. Regulations call for the shooting pad or line to be 15 meters behind the trap. In handicap events, the starting distance is 25 meters. A round of ATA Trap consists of twenty-five shots, five from each of five stations. Birds visibly broken, even of only chipped, count as hits. Experts commonly break twenty-five. Doubles trap challenges shooters by lofting two birds at once. However, unlike singles trap, the doubles routine puts targets on known paths. International double trap is different still: an Olympic sport that incorporates three traps with birds traveling 16 kilometers per hour faster than in ATA events. International trap for single targets, an Olympic event since 1900, places competitors 16 meters behind a row of fifteen traps in a bunker. Extreme angles and speeds of up to 177 kilometers per hour make these targets devilishly difficult. Skeet, a game not invented until about 1920, uses the same disks, about 10 centimeters in diameter. They streak from two traps, one in a “high house,” one in a “low house,” at either end of an arc-shaped firing line comprising seven stations. A final station, number eight, lies between the houses. Targets emerge on fixed flight paths, but jet across the line of fire instead of away from it. Various angles are provided by the array of firing points. On four stations, shooters must also take doubles. As in trap, a round of skeet is twenty-five shots. Charles Davies of Andover, Massachusetts, apparently came up with the first skeet field because trap shooting wasn’t giving him practice for the steep angles he encountered when hunting birds. A young friend of Davies, Bill Foster, published an article on the novel game in the February 1926 issues of both National Sportsman and Hunting and Fishing magazines. He asked that readers name the event, offering a $100 prize to the winning suggestion. Mrs. Gertrude Hurlbutt of Dayton, Montana, came up with skeet, an old Scandinavian word for “shoot.” Unlike trap targets that quickly test the reach of a shooter’s gun, skeet targets fly close. Neither a heavy charge of shot nor a tight choke, the constriction at barrel’s end that squeezes a shot column together as it exits is necessary. Skeet includes games for 12-, 20-, and 28-gauge guns, even .410s. International skeet is more difficult than American skeet for several reasons. First, shooters must start with the gun-butt at hip level. Second, the targets zoom by at 89 kilometers per hour, not 65, and they go farther. Also, there can be up to three seconds’ delay for target release after the shooter calls for the bird—an impediment to timing. Finally, the six easiest targets in American skeet do not appear at all on the International skeet card; they’re replaced by doubles at the difficult middle stations. A game of more value to hunters than trap or skeet is sporting clays. Originating in England, it came to the United States in the early twentieth century and has become exceedingly popular since 1989, when the [National Sporting Clays Association (NSCA)][ http://www.mynsca.com/ ] was founded. Sporting clays courses are all unique, usually laid out to include field, woodland, and, where convenient, marsh. Traps are installed to throw targets at tough angles, into the sun and through thick vegetation where gunners get only a small window for the shot. “Rabbits” add variety. They’re special clay disks made to launch on edge and to scoot along the ground, bouncing unpredictably. Doubles are part of sporting clays. A “true pair” means a simultaneous toss. A “report pair” gives you the second bird at the sound of your first shot. A “following pair” puts one bird up at your call and the second target aloft at the pleasure of the trap operator. A round of sporting clays uses up fifty shot shells. Scores on most courses are much lower than on trap and skeet fields. About 5,393,000 shotgunners fired at clay targets in organized U.S. events during 2002. Competition at the Top The first World Shooting Championships occurred in Lyons, France, in 1897, when a local club organized a 300-meter rifle event on its twenty-fifth anniversary. Women began to compete formally in 1958. Now, world championships for men and women are held every four years. French nobleman Baron Pierre de Coubertin arranged the first modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, a year before the historic Lyons match. A former French pistol champion, de Coubertin urged the inclusion of shooting as one of the nine featured sports. In 1907, l’Union des Federations et Associations Nationals de Tir was established. Its successor, the UIT (Union International de Tir or International Shooting Union), imposes competition rules. It is headquartered in Munich. The number of Olympic shooting events has varied from two (in 1932) to twenty-one (in 1920). Individual and team events were slated until 1948, when UIT eliminated team matches. Women from the United States began winning in 1976, with Margaret Murdock’s silver in three-position rifle. Eight years later in Los Angeles, the Olympic Games included three shooting events for women: air rifle, three-position rifle, and sport pistol. Since the first Olympics, men and women shooting for the United States have won ninety medals. Of the top U.S. Olympic performers of all time, three are shooters. Only track and field and swimming have garnered more medals for the United States than the shooting sports. In 2004, the Athens Olympics scheduled seventeen rifle, pistol, and shotgun events, in which 390 men and women competed. Ages ranged from fifteen to fifty. The Grand American World Trapshooting Championships, hosted by the Amateur Trapshooting Association, is perhaps the premier shooting event in the world. Only the modern marathon has more participants in a single day of competition. It debuted at the Interstate Park in Queens, New York, in 1900, moved to Chicago, St. Louis, and Columbus before settling in Vandalia, Ohio, in 1923. In 2006, however, the Grand will once again move, this time to the World Shooting Complex in Sparta, Illinois. Among the tens of thousands of shooters who have participated have been celebrities such as John Philip Sousa and Roy Rogers. Annie Oakley competed only once, at age sixty-five, breaking ninety-seven of one hundred clays. She passed away the following year. The Grand hosts seven thousand competitors annually. The facility at Vandalia features one hundred trap fields set side by side, where 5 million traps are thrown and more than a million dollars in prize money is awarded. The National Sporting Clays Championship, hosted by the National Sporting Clays Association, attracts more than one thousand competitors annually to the San Antonio, Texas, event. The [National Skeet Shooting Association][ http://www.mynssa.com/about.shtml ] hosts the World Skeet Shooting Championship annually in San Antonio, at its National Shooting Complex, the world’s largest skeet shooting facility. The NRA National Outdoor Rifle and Pistol Championships is an annual event at Camp Perry, Ohio, during July and August. Here, the national championships in pistol, small-bore rifle three-position, small-bore rifle prone, high-power rifle, and high-power long range are established. Each of these categories encompasses a variety of individual and team championship events. Governing Bodies Olympic shooting in the United States got a boost in 1978 with passage of the Amateur Sports Act and establishment of national teams, national development teams, coaching staffs, and training sites and programs. In 1995 the United States Olympic Committee assembled [USA Shooting,][ http://www.usashooting.com/usashooting.cfm ] a nonprofit corporation, to be the national governing body for shooting events. Its mission: prepare athletes for the Olympic Games and promote the shooting sports at the local level. USA Shooting is headquartered at the Olympic Training Center, a sophisticated complex in Colorado Springs with 101 firing points and three 10-meter running-target ranges indoors. It is the largest indoor shooting facility in the western hemisphere. Outdoors are four trap and skeet fields. The 41-hectare Olympic Training Center hosts competitions as well as training camps, coaching seminars, and visiting athletes. The Amateur Trapshooting Association, headquartered in Vandalia, Ohio, governs that sport’s rules and regulations and seeks ways to further enhance the sport and increase participation. It oversees more than six thousand registered shoots each year conducted by more than one thousand affiliated gun clubs. The National Skeet Shooting Association, founded in the early 1930s, is headquartered in San Antonio, Texas. The nonprofit NSSA, owned and operated by its approximately twenty thousand members, is the largest organization in the world dedicated solely to the sport. It is dedicated to the development of the sport at all levels of competition and meaningful fellowship within its membership. The National Sporting Clays Association was founded in March 1989 and serves as the official premier sporting clays association, dedicated to the development of the sport at all levels of participation. It, too, is based in San Antonio, Texas, a hotbed of competitive clay-bird shooting. With a total of seventeen thousand members, NSCA clubs host numerous tournaments for the serious competitor and the casual shooter. Despite the importance of those governing bodies, the two most influential organizations in the shooting sports are the National Rifle Association and the National Shooting Sports Foundation. A group of National Guard officers began the NRA in 1871 to emphasize better marksmanship in support of national defense. Civil War hero General Ambrose E. Burnside was chosen as the NRA’s first president. Money from the NRA and the New York state government secured a 28-hectare tract on Long Island, New York, called Creed’s Farm. Renamed Creedmoor, it was soon developed as a shooting facility. The first matches there commenced 21 July 1873. The NRA’s first annual matches were held October 8 of that year. The 1874 contest between Ireland and the United States made Creedmoor a legendary place. For financial reasons, the NRA deeded Creedmoor to New York state in 1890, and later moved the national matches to Sea Girt, New Jersey. In 1903 Congress approved a National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice. Subsequently, surplus arms were transferred to state militias to encourage shooting at the local level. When Theodore Roosevelt, an ardent shooter, became U.S. president, the NRA had an ally in its drive to bridge state boundaries. By 1905, it had introduced a rifle shooting program to public schools. Meanwhile, crowding at Sea Girt forced construction of a new range near the shore of Lake Erie. Just before the 1907 matches were held there, the facility was dedicated as Camp Perry, after the commodore who triumphed over the British on Lake Erie in the War of 1812. In 1994 the NRA moved its headquarters to Fairfax, Virginia. By 2000, the NRA’s membership had reached 4.3 million. In 1961, the [National Shooting Sports Foundation (NSSF)][ http://www.nssf.org/ ] was established as a trade association for the hunting and recreational shooting sports industry. Now headquartered in Newtown, Connecticut, the NSSF promotes participation and safety in firearms use. Among the shooting sports it promotes are scholastic rifle and shotgun programs. The rifle program tests speed and accuracy. The shotgunning programs include trap, skeet, and sporting clays. These programs teach young people through high school age firearms safety and shooting fundamentals while bringing them through intrasquad practices leading to state and national competitions. The NSSF has also embraced novice shooters through STEP OUTSIDE, a program that reaches out to experienced sportsmen to introduce and mentor newcomers to the sport. The foundation owns and sponsors the annual Shooting, Hunting, and Outdoor Trade Show (SHOT Show), which brings together all facets of the shooting sports industry. The NSSF has partnered with federal agencies and state and local law enforcement agencies to distribute free firearms safety kits, including gun locks, and to encourage safe firearms storage. The foundation, through its range division, the National Association of Shooting Ranges, has helped upgrade and standardize environmental and professional practices to maintain the physical and fiscal health of the facilities that host the shooting sports in the United States. Written by Wayne van Zwoll for the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport (2005), edited by David Levinson and Karen Christensen. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group. © Berkshire Publishing Group, www.berkshirepublishing.com. Further Reading

Clay pigeon

Given its own glass, what drink consists of 4 parts whisky, 1 sugar cube, 2 dashes Angostura bitters, and a splash of soda water?

Patent US6315568 - System for simulating shooting sports - Google Patents System for simulating shooting sports US 6315568 B1 Abstract A system for simulating shooting sports includes a non-projectile ammunition transmitter system that is retrofittable to any standard firearm having an ammunition chamber, a barrel, and a firing pin and a self-contained receiver system. The transmitter system includes an actuating beam cartridge and an adjustable beam choke. The beam cartridge includes a first actuating beam emitter responsive to the firing pin. The beam choke includes a second emission beam emitter responsive to the first actuating beam. The receiver system is a self-contained reusable target having beam sensors and hit indicators. The beam sensors are “triggered” when the emission beam “hits” or is “sensed by” the beam sensors. When the beam sensors sense the emission beam, they cause the hit indicators to indicate that the target has been “hit” by the emission beam. The target may also include at least one triggering motion detector that detects a triggering motion that is associated with the target being launched into the air. Images(19) 1. A self-contained reusable target receiver system suitable for launching, said system comprising: (a) an electronic receiver system for receiving signals; and (b) said receiver system enclosed in a durable casing comprising: (i) a chassis having a top surface, a bottom surface, and an annular periphery; (ii) a cover secured to said top surface of said chassis; and (iii) an external cushion ring secured to said annular periphery of said chassis. 2. A self-contained receiver system for receiving an emission beam, said receiver system comprising: (a) at least one actuator responsive to an actuating event, said actuator activating said receiver system to an active state upon said activating event; (b) at least one emission beam sensor responsive to an emission beam when said receiver system is in said active state; and (c) at least one hit indicator responsive to said emission beam sensor's sensing said emission beam when said receiver system is in said active state. 3. The receiver system of claim 2, said actuating event being motion. 4. The receiver system of claim 2, said actuating event being acceleration. 5. The receiver system of claim 2, said emission beam sensor activated and said hit indicator enabled by said actuator detecting said actuating event. 6. A self-contained receiver system for receiving an emission beam, said receiver system comprising: (a) at least one emission beam sensor response to an emission beam; (b) at least one hit indicator responsive to said emission beam sensor's sensing said emission beam; and (c) said emission beam sensor activated and said hit indicator enabled by an actuating event. 7. The receiver system of claim 6, said receiver system having a first state in which said hit indicators are enabled and a second state in which said hit indicators are disabled. 8. The receiver system of claim 7 wherein said hit indicators are illuminated when enabled and dark when disabled. 9. The receiver system of claim 7 wherein said hit indicators are dark when enabled and illuminated when disabled. 10. A receiver system for receiving an emission beam, said receiver system comprising: (a) at least one emission beam sensor responsive to said emission beam; (b) at least one hit indicator responsive to said emission beam sensor sensing said emission beam; (c) a durable casing enclosing said receiver system including said at least one emission beam sensor and said at least one hit indictor; and (d) an external cushion ring secured to an annular periphery of said durable casing. Description The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/019,152, filed Feb. 6, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,484, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/753,537, filed Nov. 26, 1996 and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,216 on Feb. 10, 1998. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for simulating shooting sports and particularly to a system for simulating shooting sports such as trap, sporting clays, and skeet shooting. Shotgun competition came to the United States from England, where it began in the 18th century. The targets were live birds, released from small boxes or traps. “Trap shooting” became very popular and during the last half of the 19th century, challenge matches frequently attracted tens of thousands of spectators. But a dwindling supply of live birds, and growing public sentiment against using them for targets, spurred a search for other targets. One such inanimate shotgun target system came from London in the mid-1800s and included 2�-inch glass balls and a launching device or “trap” to launch them. Because the balls were thrown only a few feet straight up from the launching device there was no challenge for Americans weaned on wild game birds. The result was a rash of new patents to improve both glass balls and launching devices. Balls were colored for better visibility, roughened to minimize the glancing off of pellets, and feather-filled to appeal to live-bird shooters. Better launching devices were developed as well. Eventually the now common “dome-saucer” target, “bird,” “clay pigeon,” or “clay” was developed. Despite the fact that many different inanimate target designs were developed before and after the dome-saucer, none were as practical. Improvements have been made since then, but the basic target remains much the same. Currently, about 750 million clay targets are launched in America each year. The most dominant consumers are trap shooters, but new shooting sports, especially sporting clays and five-stand, have had significant impact on clay bird consumption. These “clay” targets have several significant disadvantages. First, they are made from materials such as calcium carbonate—limestone, pitch, and latex paint that are generally not bio-degradable or otherwise environmentally friendly. In fact, the waste from one year's worth of shattered clays would extend for more than 39,000 miles—more than 1� times around the earth at the equator. Biodegradable targets made from environmentally friendly materials such as bird seed and sugar, such as the target disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,174,581, have been largely unsuccessful because they do not withstand the force of being thrown from the launching device. Another reason biodegradable targets have been unsuccessful is that they tend to crumble when they impact projectile ammunition which does not provide the definite visual and audible indication of impact provided by the shattering of traditional clay targets. Another problem with clay targets is that they are best used during the day. Using lights to illuminate existing outdoor shooting ranges could be distracting if illuminated unevenly. Making the targets reflective, such as the target suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 4,592,554 to Gilbertson, would not be practical because of the relative lack of light at night to reflect off the targets. Adding lights to clay targets would not be practical because it could complicate the process of manufacturing the clays, could change the dimensions of the clays, and could be prohibitively expensive since the clays are destroyed after one use. Using clay targets indoors is also problematic and generally requires extensive modifications and safety equipment. Other problems with shooting sports are associated with the dangers caused by projectile ammunition or “shot.” Projectile ammunition that is capable of breaking a target can also pierce human skin. Accordingly, many non-projectile systems have been developed. Most of these non-projectile systems involve using special firearms having integral light or laser mechanisms. Since most shooters prefer to use their own firearms so they can practice under consistent conditions, some non-projectile systems have been mounted above or below the barrel of a standard shotgun. This mounted system, however, does not simulate actual shooting conditions because it throws off the shooter's aim when the beam of light does not emanate from the barrel. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,471,945 and 3,502,333 to G. K. Fleury disclose a light-emitting shotgun cartridge or shell and an electronic trap and skeet target that solve many of the problems of previously known non-projectile systems. Particularly advantageous is the ability to use a light-emitting shell in place of a normal projectile bearing cartridge or shell without additional adapters or firearm modifications. Another advantage of the Fleury shell is that it incorporates a delay time to simulate the delay between projectile ammunition leaving the gun and hitting the target. Because of its primitive design, however, the Fleury shell has several significant disadvantages. For example, a flash lamp embodiment is only designed for a single use and a conventional bulb embodiment is only designed for use at a relatively short range. Another problem is that the light emitted from the shell is not modulated and therefore is indistinguishable from any other incandescent or fluorescent light source of similar or greater brightness. Yet another problem is that the light pattern is determined only by the barrel's inside diameter and cannot be shaped to match a projectile shot pattern. Finally, the demands placed on the battery by the Fleury shell drains available battery energy quickly. The Fleury shell, discussed above, is meant to be used with the Fleury target. The Fleury target is a self-contained, reusable, light detecting target adapted to simulate the trap or skeet clay target. The Fleury target has a single photosensitive device to detect incident light and an alarm system to provide a visual indication of a target hit. One problem with the Fleury target is battery life. To solve this problem Fleury provided two externally mounted switches. The power switch is turned “on” to provide power to the alarm and the photosensitive device. The alarm reset switch toggles the alarm system between manual and automatic reset. These switches, however, create additional problems. By being externally mounted, it is likely that the switches will be damaged upon launching or landing. Because the power switch must be manually turned off, power will drain from the batteries if the target is not manually turned off. If the alarm reset switch is set for manual reset, the alarm, which requires a relatively significant amount of power, will drain the battery until it is manually reset. However, because it is often difficult to verify a hit if the automatic reset option is used, the manual reset option is generally preferable to the automatic reset. Another problem with the Fleury target is that it is difficult to determine if the target is “alive” or if it has been hit. This is because the Fleury target is dark both when it is completely off and also when it is ready to detect a light signal. It is difficult to determine whether the target has been hit because the lights, when used during daytime conditions, are poor visual indicators of a hit. Yet another problem is that the Fleury target's photosensitive device is unable to distinguish between various bursts of light. Although ambient light might not trigger the photosensitive device, there are natural bursts of light in normal daylight that would trigger the photosensitive device. Also, other light sources, such as flashlights and flash bulbs, could easily trigger the photosensitive device. Other patents, such as U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,437 to Scott et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,367,516 to Jacob, U.S. Pat. No. 3,938,262 to Dye et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,174,813 to J. L. Younghusband, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,617 to Hancox et al., disclose light and laser devices used to simulate shooting. These devices include various combinations of apparatus either mounted within the ammunition chamber, mounted within the barrel, mounted axially to the barrel, or a combination thereof. None of these devices, however, include a system that accurately simulates live ammunition shooting. While some regard shooting sports as dangerous, environmentally unsound and hazardous to a shooter's health, shooting sports do serve a purpose. Shooting sports provide recreation for millions of recreational shooters who might otherwise shoot live prey. Shooting sports also provide a valuable means for police, military, and civilian gun owners to become familiar and proficient with their weapons. Shooting sports have also become a popular spectator sport as is evidenced by its popularity during the 1996 Olympic games. What is needed, then, is a system for simulating shooting sports that provides a non-polluting, non-lethal, inherently safe, reusable, highly reliable, indoor/outdoor form of shotgun shooting simulation. Further, a system is needed that provides as much realism to shooting sports as possible. The system should be inherently friendly to first time users such as women and youth. The system should also simulate shooting sports as nearly as possible so as to provide educational opportunities therefor. Finally, the system should require minimal or no maintenance, set-up, or breakdown. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A system for simulating shooting sports according to the present invention includes a non-projectile ammunition transmitter system and a self-contained receiver system. The transmitter system is adapted to fit any standard firearm having an ammunition chamber, a barrel, and a firing pin. Preferably the transmitter system includes an actuating “beam” (or wave) cartridge and an adjustable “beam” (or wave) choke. The beam cartridge includes an actuating beam emitter which can be activated by the firing pin. Preferably the beam cartridge has dimensions substantially identical to the dimensions of standard projectile or shot cartridges and therefore fits into the ammunition chamber of a standard firearm. The beam choke includes an emission beam emitter responsive to the actuating beam. When a firearm is “fired,” the firing pin strikes the beam cartridge which emits a first or actuating beam or wave. The actuating beam activates the beam choke which emits a second or emission beam or wave. The beam choke may also include apparatus which can vary the size and shape of the emitted beam pattern. Preferably the beam choke is adapted to fit into the barrel of a standard firearm. The receiver system is a self-contained reusable target having beam sensors and hit indicators. The beam sensors are “activated” or “triggered” when the emission beam “hits” or is “sensed by” the beam sensors. When the beam sensors sense the emission beam, they cause the hit indicators to indicate that the target has been “hit” by the emission beam. The target may also include at least one triggering motion detector that detects a triggering motion such as acceleration, speed, vibration, or other significant movement that is associated with the target being launched into the shooting arena. The triggering motion detector, upon detecting a triggering motion, activates the beam sensors. The target may then indicate that it is active and that its beam sensors are receptive to the emission beam. Preferably the targets have dimensions sufficiently similar to standard shooting clays so that the targets may be launched by traditional launching devices. An exemplary embodiment of the target includes two states: a first sleep state and a second enabled state. In the sleep state the hit indicators are dark. In the enabled state the hit indicators may be lit or flashing. If only two states are used, the target is initially in the sleep state until it is triggered by a triggering motion. Once triggered, the target enters the enabled state. The target enters the sleep state after it has been hit by an emission beam or after an elapsed period of time. The foregoing and other objectives, features, and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood upon consideration of the following detailed description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a plan diagram of a system for simulating shooting sports including a transmitter system and a receiver system. FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional side view of a beam cartridge. FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional front view of a beam cartridge. FIG. 3 is a diagram of the mechanical and electronic circuitry of the beam cartridge. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a beam choke including a variable choke grip. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternate embodiment of the lens system. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the electronics of the beam choke. FIG. 7a is a circuit diagram of a laser drive circuit of the beam choke. FIG. 7b is a circuit diagram of a LED drive circuit of the beam choke. FIGS. 8a-d are top perspective views of the cover, main circuit board and chassis, cushion ring, and battery cover of the target case. FIGS. 9a-d are bottom perspective views of the cover, main circuit board and chassis, cushion ring, and battery cover of the target case. FIG. 10 is an expanded view of the main circuit board, chassis, and battery. FIG. 11 is a bottom perspective view of the main circuit board with installed components. FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the electronic circuitry of the target. FIGS. 13a-b are a circuit diagram of the triggering sensors, hit indicators, digital logic, timer, and low battery detector of the target. FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of the power supply. FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of the beam sensors and amplifiers of the target. FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of the battery regulator. FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of the tuning board L1BOARD. FIG. 18 is a front view of a pattern testing board. FIG. 19 is a side view of the pattern testing board. FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of an infrared detection IC/amplifier/LED circuit on the box PWB. FIG. 21 is a partial simplified diagram of a box printed wiring board of the pattern testing board. FIG. 22 is a flow chart of a two state embodiment of the target. FIG. 23 is a flow chart of an alternate embodiment of the target's states. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As shown in FIG. 1, a system for simulating shooting sports of the present invention includes a non-projectile transmitter system 25 and a self contained receiver system 27. The transmitter system 25 is retrofittable to any standard firearm 16 having an ammunition chamber 17, a barrel 18, and a firing pin 19. The transmitter system 25, as detailed in FIGS. 2-7b, preferably includes an actuating beam (or wave) cartridge 20 and an adjustable beam (or wave) choke 21. The beam cartridge 20 has dimensions substantially identical to the dimensions of standard projectile or shot cartridges and therefore fits into the ammunition chamber 17 of a standard firearm 16. The beam choke 21 is adapted to fit into the barrel 18 of a standard firearm 16. When a firearm 16 is “fired,” the firing pin 19 strikes the beam cartridge 20 which emits a first or actuating beam (or wave) 22 (shown in phantom in FIG. 1) which may be any electromagnetic beam, but is shown as a beam of light. The actuating beam 22 activates the beam choke 21 which emits a second or emission beam (or wave) 24 (shown in phantom in FIG. 1) which may be any electromagnetic beam, but is shown in one embodiment as a laser beam and in another embodiment as a beam of light. Use of the actuating beam 22 as a link between the beam cartridge 20 and the beam choke 21 facilitates the use of the system with firearms of most barrel lengths. On the other hand, systems that use mechanical interconnections are limited by the length of the mechanical connection. The receiver system 27, as detailed in FIGS. 8a-17 is a self-contained reusable target 26 having beam sensors 28 (FIG. 12) and hit indicators 30. The beam sensors 28 are “activated” or “triggered” when the emission beam 24 “hits” or is “sensed by” the beam sensors 28. When the beam sensors 28 sense the emission beam 24, they cause the hit indicators 30 to indicate that the target 26 has been “hit” by the emission beam 24. The targets 26 have dimensions sufficiently similar to standard shooting clays so that the targets 26 may be launched by traditional launching devices into the shooting arena. Traditional launching devices include, but are not limited to trap, skeet, sporting clay throwers, auto-rabbits, and hand throwing. The Beam Cartridge The beam cartridge 20, as shown in FIGS. 2a, 2 b, and 3, is designed to approximate the same external dimensions as a conventional ammunition or shot cartridge so that it can be loaded into the chamber 17 of a standard firearm 16 without modification. The beam cartridge 20 produces an actuating beam 22 such as a brief burst of light that travels down the barrel 18 of the firearm 16 when the firing pin 19 is released by the trigger and strikes the base 31 or rear of the beam cartridge 20. The actuating beam 22 is then used to activate circuitry in the beam choke 21, resulting in the emission of the emission beam 24 forming the link between shooter and target 26. The emission beam 24, as set forth above, may be any electromagnetic beam including a patterned burst of infrared (IR) energy. The exemplary embodiment of the beam cartridge 20 shown in FIGS. 2a and 2 b consists of a two-piece external case comprised of a tubular shell case 32 and an end cap 36 that forms the base 31. The case 32, 36 houses several mechanical and electrical interior components. The exterior dimensions of the case 32 can be adapted to accommodate any firearm 16 such as a 10-gauge, a 12-gauge, a 16-gauge, a 20-gauge firearm, 28-gauge firearm, or a .410-gauge firearm. As set forth above, the external case of the beam cartridge 20 consists of two external case components: a shell case 32 and a cartridge end cap 36 that forms the base 31 of the beam cartridge 20. The shell case 32 is made of durable material such as DELRIN™ or NYLON™. The cartridge end cap 36 screws on or otherwise joins with the shell case 32 at one end and may be easily replaced. The beam cartridge 20 also includes an internal case component, the spring guide insert 34, that fits in the shell case 32, 36 and has a central cavity 40 to enclose the spring. Together, the case components form five chambers or cavities: the sphere cavity 38, the spring cavity 40, the switch cavity 42, the cartridge printed wiring board (PWB) cavity 44, and the cartridge light- or laser-emitting diode (LED) cavity 46. As shown in FIG. 2b, the cartridge PWB cavity 44 preferably includes longitudinal board guides 47 a and battery guides 47 b. FIG. 2a shows an exemplary beam cartridge 20 adapted to fit a 12-gauge firearm 16. As shown, the beam cartridge 20 would preferably include a sphere cavity 38 is shaped to allow a �-diameter ball or firing sphere 48 to be retained in the sphere cavity 38, yet travel 0.200″ when struck by the firing pin 19. The sphere cavity 38 is formed generally within the cartridge end cap 36 and the spring guide insert 34. It should be noted that the firing sphere 48 preferably has a spherical shape so that it may rotate in the sphere cavity 38. Since the firing sphere 48 rotates, the firing pin 19 is less likely to hit the firing sphere 48 in the same place causing undesirable deformation. The ends of the sphere cavity 38 are shaped to absorb the shock of the firing sphere 48 hitting the ends of the sphere cavity 38 after the firing sphere 48 has been struck by the released firing pin 19. This excess force is transferred to and absorbed by the case 32, 36 and the spring guide insert 34. The spring cavity 40 formed in the spring guide insert 34 is approximately 0.188″ in diameter by 0.363″ long. A 0.625″ spring 50 is located in this area with the excess spring length protruding into the sphere cavity 38. When the firing sphere 48 is in place, the spring 50 is compressed about 0.050″ ensuring that the firing sphere 48 is pressed against, and nearly flush with, the beam cartridge base 31. To further protect the switch 52 from the force exerted by the firing pin 19, additional protection barriers such as an optional flex barrier (not shown) and a barrier nub 53 may be interposed therebetween. The barrier nub 53 may be formed from a cut-out end section of the spring guide insert 34. Preferably the cut-out barrier nub 53 has a diameter at least as large as the diameter of the spring 50. On the side of the barrier nub 53 opposite the spring 50 is a small protrusion that connects with the switch 52 when the barrier nub 53 is pushed forward. The barrier nub 53 protects the switch 52 from uneven edges of the spring 50 as well as absorbs some of the shock therefrom. If the flexible barrier is included, it may be interposed between the barrier nub 53 and the switch 52 for further protection. The flexible barrier may be a thin durable piece such as mylar-type plastic. The switch cavity 42, as shown in FIG. 2a, accommodates an electrical switch 52 mounted to the edge of a cartridge printed wiring board (PWB) 54. The cartridge PWB cavity 44 has four sets of protruding guides 47 a, 47 b so as to support the cartridge PWB 54 and a battery 55 that is mounted perpendicular to the cartridge PWB 54. Following the cartridge PWB cavity 44 is the cartridge LED cavity 46 which may be 0.250″ in diameter by 0.400″ in length. This cartridge LED cavity 46 offers clearance for the edge mounted cartridge LED 56. An O-ring 58 surrounding the cartridge LED 56 may also be included to give a water resistant seal. The beam cartridge 20 is preferably constructed by assembling the switch 52, cartridge PWB 54, and cartridge LED 56 and sliding the assembly into the shell case 32 using the guides 47 a and 47 b for alignment. Next is the barrier nub 53. The spring 50 and the firing sphere 48 are then placed into the spring guide insert 34. The optional flex barrier (not shown) and spring guide insert 34, along with the components therein, are then slipped into the shell case 32. The cartridge end cap 36 is then pressed or screwed onto the end of the shell case 32. This configuration traps the firing sphere 48, spring 50, and barrier nub 53. Removing the cartridge end cap 36 allows the firing sphere 48, the spring 50, barrier nub 53, the battery 55, and/or the cartridge end cap 36 to be easily replaced. The beam cartridge 20 is preferably loaded into the firearm 16 just as any live cartridge would be loaded. Once in place, the spring 50 compresses as the firing sphere 48 is pushed violently forward by the firing pin 19. The length of the sphere cavity 38 allows the firing sphere 48 to travel forward after it is struck by the firing pin 19 before being stopped at the end of cavity 38. As the spring 50 compresses, it pushes against the barrier nub 53 and flexible barrier. The barrier nub 53, in turn, pushes against the switch 52. This ball-spring-switch actuating configuration provides the versatility necessary to accommodate variations in distance and force applied by the firing pins of various standard firearms. The configuration also protects the switch 52 from the forces and momentum asserted by the firing pin 19. Preferably, several precautions are made to ensure that the ball-spring-switch configuration described above is durable. For example, by slightly insetting the firing sphere 48, accidental activation can be avoided. By grinding the ends of the spring 50 flat and spot-welding closed the final coil on each end of the spring 50, the end coils do not become deformed by repeat impacts. Also, optional flexible barrier protects the interior of the beam cartridge 20 from dirt, water, or other contaminants. The switch 52 activates the electronic circuitry associated with the cartridge PWB 54 which, in turn, activates the cartridge LED 56. An exemplary embodiment of the electronic circuitry on the cartridge PWB 54, as shown in FIGS. 2a and 3, includes the battery 55, two resistors (R1 and R2) 62, 64, a capacitor (C1) 66, and the cartridge LED 56. The battery 55, which is preferably a 3-volt lithium coin cell, is cross mounted with the cartridge PWB 54 (FIG. 2b). As shown in FIG. 3, an exemplary connection scheme connects Cl 66 in parallel with the battery 55 through the series-connected R1 62 and R2 64. R1 62 has a resistance of 250,000 ohms and R2 64 has a value of 51 ohms. When the battery 55 is first installed, C1 66 charges to approximately 3 volts in under one second through R1 62. The peak current drawn from the battery 55 is 12 micro amperes decaying to less than 1 micro ampere after C1 66 reaches full charge. The cathode (K) of cartridge LED 56 is connected to the junction 70 of R1 62 and C1 66. This junction 70 is charged to a negative 3 volts relative to the positive terminal of the battery 55. Switch 52 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery 55. The other side of the switch 52 is connected to the anode (A) of cartridge LED 56. When switch 52 is closed, cartridge LED 56 is placed in parallel with the series-connected C1 66 and R2 64. The stored charge in C1 66 is rapidly discharged through R2 64 and the cartridge LED 56, dropping from 3 volts to 1 volt at a 75 micro second time constant rate. The actual duration of the current flow is dependent on the length of time that the switch 52 is closed. In normal operation the switch 52 is closed at least 50 μS but may turn off and then on again as the firing sphere 48 and spring 50 recoil producing an intermittent IR emission. The cartridge LED 56, such as Sharp type GL538Q, gives a brief pulse of 950 nm IR having a peak power of 1.8 mW and decaying with a 75 micro second time constant towards zero. Alternatively, a laser LED could be used. The emitted actuating beam 22 is guided by the barrel 18 and illuminates a photo diode 118 located at the rearward end of the beam choke 21. Beam Choke Like the chokes used with conventional firearms 16, a beam choke 21 is preferably seated at the front of the barrel 18 of the firearm 16. Preferably, the beam choke 21 would be separately attached to the firearm 16, however it may be built into the firearm 16 itself or built into the beam cartridge 20. Once in place, the portion of the of the beam choke 21 that protrudes from the barrel 18 preferably has an outside diameter approximately equal to that of the firearm barrel 18. One method that may be used to seat the beam choke 21 in the barrel 18 is to slip the beam choke 21 into the front of the barrel 18 or muzzle of a firearm 16 for which it is designed. FIG. 4 shows an exemplary beam choke 21 that uses magnetic and frictional forces to hold the beam choke 21 in the barrel 18. Embedded magnets 100 with a backing washer and flexible fins 102 a and 102 b may be used to further hold the beam choke 21 in place. The magnets 100 are preferably of a size and strength sufficient to retain the beam choke 21 within the barrel 18. One exemplary magnet 100 is a neodymium-iron-boron magnet with an internal remnant field strength of 12,300 Gauss which can be purchased from the Magnet Sales & Manufacturing Inc. in Culver City, Calif. In addition to providing a frictional force for holding the beam choke 21 within the barrel 18, the flexible fins 102 a and 102 b also assist in centering the beam choke 21 within the barrel 18. Preferably they are large enough to reach the maximum inside diameter of the barrel 18 and flexible enough to conform to the minimum barrel diameter (including constriction due to any mechanical choke contained in the barrel). The minimum and maximum diameters would vary depending on the gauge of the firearm. The flexible fins 102 a and 102 b may be made of a silicon rubber or other non-metallic, moldable, oil resistant material. It should be noted that embodiments may be constructed that use either magnets 100 or flexible fins 102 a and 102 b. Finally, it should be noted that use of magnets 100 and flexible fins 102 a and 102 b would be inappropriate to chokes used with projectile ammunition because the force of the projected ammunition would push a choke held by these apparatus out of the barrel of a firearm. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the beam pattern is controlled by a rotating variable choke grip 104. As will be discussed below, rotating the variable choke grip 104 causes the converging lens 130 fixed thereon to be moved towards or away from a diverging lens 128 fixed to the main choke body 112. Markings on the perimeter of the variable choke grip 104 and the choke body indicate standard choke pattern settings. The beam choke 21 may also be seated by being screwed into the barrel 18. More specifically, FIG. 5 shows an alternate embodiment of beam choke 21 that includes an exterior surface with threads 108 that mates with and is held in position by threads found at the muzzle end of standard replaceable choke firearms. As shown, the thread zone 108 on the outside diameter of the beam choke 21 has, for example, 32 threads per inch (TPI). A 32 TPI thread zone 108 with an outside diameter of 0.818 inches would accommodate most popular brands of replaceable choke firearms. This embodiment provides the equivalent of mechanical screw in replaceable chokes. Yet another method of seating the beam choke 21 is to internally or externally clamp it to the barrel 18. This embodiment is not shown, however, it would require a clamping mechanism for holding the beam choke 21 in place. Also like conventional chokes, the beam choke 21 has the ability to expand or contract the size of the pattern of the beam emanating from the firearm 16. However, in the preferred embodiment, the beam choke 21, upon receiving a signal such as the actuating beam 22 from the beam cartridge 20, emits the emission beam 24 as well as provides beam focusing capabilities. The emission beam 24 emitted by the beam choke 21 is preferably a precisely timed series of IR pulses. The radiant pattern is shaped by the lens system 116 a or 116 b to match firearm pellet patterns. The exemplary beam choke 21 shown in FIG. 4 consists of a main tubular choke body 112, a choke end cap 114, electronic components 124 including an IR emitter 126, and a lens system 116 a or 116 b. The choke body 112 is preferably a cylindrical tube containing the majority of the mechanical, electrical, and optical parts. Some of the internal components may include a choke photo diode (choke PD1) 118 in a choke PD1 PWB 120, batteries 122, electronics on the main choke PWB 124, an IR emitter 126 such as a laser or LED, and a lens system 116 a or 116 b which includes a fixed lens 128 and a movable lens 130. Mechanical means in the choke body 112 may be used to define separate compartments for the battery 122, main choke PWB 124, IR emitter 126, and lenses 128, 130. Beginning first with the rearward end of the beam choke 21 closest to the ammunition chamber 17, the choke end cap 114 is preferably removable to allow access to the internal components, including the batteries 122, of the beam choke 21. The choke end cap 114 has a hole 132 that allows the actuating beam 22 to reach photo diode 118. Attaching the choke end cap 114 retains the choke PD1 PWB 120, containing the photo diode 118, and creates contact pressure on a spring metal battery contact 134. The choke end cap 114 may also include one or more flexible fins 102 b. A clear cover 136 preferably seals the end of the choke end cap 114 to keep contaminants from entering through the hole 132. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the choke PD1 118 detects the presence of the actuating beam 22. The choke PD1 118, the choke PD1 PWB 120, and the spring metal battery contact 134 are preferably electrically connected to the main electronics 124 of the beam choke 21 by a twisted pair of wires 142. The spring metal battery contact 134 connects the positive end of the battery 122 to the choke PD1 PWB 120 and changes the pressure point on choke PD1 PWB 120 from the center of the choke PD1 PWB 120 to the perimeter of the choke PD1 PWB 120. This transfers the pressure exerted by the choke end cap 114 directly to the spring metal battery contact 134 and subsequently to the battery 122. This exemplary configuration prevents the choke PD1 PWB 120 from being stressed at its center which can cause damaging stress to the leads of choke PD1 118. As a protective measure, the beam choke 21 may include a battery polarity insulator (not shown) to prevent reversal of the batteries which could destroy the electronics on the main choke PWB 124. The battery polarity insulator may be a circular piece of non-electrically conductive fiber with a hole in the center that is attached to spring metal battery contact 134. The batteries 122 may be three AAA cells, however, alternate power supplies could be substituted. Forward of the batteries 122 is a battery spring 140 which may be electrically connected to the end of main choke PWB 124. The battery spring 140 exerts pressure on the batteries 122 to ensure contact; takes up mechanical tolerances; and bridges the gap from the battery compartment to the main choke PWB compartment. By keeping the batteries 122 from resting directly against the main choke PWB 124 it is less likely that shock will be transmitted to the main choke PWB 124 as batteries 122 are dropped into place or in the event that the beam choke 21 is dropped. All elements on the main choke PWB 124 are preferably powered continuously by the batteries 122 as there is no power switch. The selected CMOS devices draw less than 12 micro-amperes while waiting for an actuating beam 22 from the beam cartridge 20. A 38 KHz oscillator 162 (FIG. 6) runs continuously during all modes of beam choke 21 operation. Circuit elements will function correctly with battery voltages as low as 3 volts. Using components that are surface mount devices greatly reduces the size of the parts used. This reduced size permits the electronics to be slipped into the choke body 112 of firearm barrels 18. One exemplary embodiment of the electronics of a beam choke 21 is shown in FIG. 6. In this embodiment choke PD1 118 is a reversed biased silicon photo diode 118 such as BPW-34F which has a 800 nm to 1100 nm IR response. This photo diode 118 becomes conductive when exposed to the actuating beam 22. Detection of the actuating beam 22 is dependent upon the interior of the barrel 18 being dark such that the actuating beam 22 will significantly change the conduction of choke PD1 118. The cathode K 146 of choke PD1 118 is connected to the battery 122 positive terminal. The anode A 148 is connected to the junction 150 between R1 152 and C1 154. R1 152 pulls junction 150 to ground. R1 152 has a value of 10M ohms to ensure that small conduction changes in choke PD1 118 appear as a large change in voltage across R1 152. When choke PD1 118 conducts, junction 150 moves toward VCC. If the rate of movement is also fast (less than 820 uS), C1 154 transfers most of the voltage rise to U1 156 pin 1 across R2 158. When the voltage across R2 158 and U1 156 pin 1 reaches 80% or more of VCC, U1 156 pin 3 (the RESET line) will go Low. U1 156, as shown, is a Quad NOR CMOS integrated circuit. Two of the NOR gates, pins 1-6, form a resetable latch so that if pin 1 goes High, the RESET line pin 3 will remain Low, until pin 6 goes High. The third NOR gate in U1 156 (pins 8-10) and crystal Y1 160, as well as R5, R6, C2, and C3, are configured as a crystal controlled oscillator 162. The components are configured to produce exactly 180 degrees of phase inversion at the crystal frequency of 38,000.00 Hz causing U1 156 pin 10 to transition from High to Low exactly 38,000 times per second. The output of the 38 KHz oscillator 162, U1 156 pin 10, supplies clock transitions to U2 164 and U3 166. This oscillator 162 runs continuously to provide accurate timing clock transitions at all times, however, less than 7 micro-Amperes of battery current is drawn to sustain this continuous oscillation. U2 164 is preferably a 4000 series, 14 bit CMOS binary divider such as DC4020BCM that contains 14 cascaded binary dividers. It takes the frequency of the oscillator 162 applied to U2 164 pin 10, and divides it by two from 1 to 14 times depending upon the U2 164 output pin selected. The dividing process only occurs when RESET at U2 164 pin 11 is Low. When RESET is High, all output pins are Low. U3 is interconnected with U2 so that exactly 512 38 KHz cycles are available at U3 166 pin 10. Together, U1 156, U2 164, and U3 166 insure that the delay, duration, and pulsing rate of the IR emitter 126 are exactly correct. As shown in FIG. 6, the beam choke 21 includes an IR emitter 126 such as a laser drive circuit 126 a (FIG. 7a) or a LED drive circuit 126 b (FIG. 7b). Nodes A, B, and C of FIG. 6 interconnect with respective nodes A, B, and C of either FIG. 7a or FIG. 7b. As shown in FIG. 7a, the laser diode drive 126 a includes a laser diode LD1 170 such as ROHM RLD-85 PC. The current required to drive the LD1 170 to emit a specified amount of radiant power is a complex function of the laser threshold current, the current to radiant energy efficiency of LD1 170, and the ambient (and junction) temperature of LD1 170. A radiant energy-to-current converter within LD1 170 (a reversed biased silicon photo diode 172 located directly behind a laser diode die chip 174) supplies a conduction current proportional to the radiant energy output of the laser diode 174. The current conduction of the photo diode 172 is many times smaller than the drive current applied to LD1 170. The maximum radiant power output must not exceed 5 mW. As shown, LD1 170 is a Type P, 5.6 mm diameter, laser diode emitting 3 mW of laser power with an approximate wavelength of 850 nm and voltage drop of about 1.65 volts. Additional elements of LD1 170 may include a collimating lens, collimating lens adjustment, and laser module package. To extend battery life it is desirable to completely turn off the laser diode LD1 170 between pulse peaks. This means that LD1 170 must turn on, then off for intervals of approximately 13 micro-seconds at an exact repetition rate of 38,000 cycles per second. U1 156, U2 164, and U3 166, as discussed above, insure that the delay, duration, and pulsing rate are exactly correct. Q2 176 and Q3 178 ensure that the current drive to LD1 170 stays within the required parameters to limit LD1 170 radiant output to approximately 3 mW. To verify the radiant output of LD1 170 it may be pointed at an instantaneous power indicating device so that all energy emitted by LD1 170 enters the device. R11 may then be adjusted until a peak power reading of 2.5 mW is indicated. LD1 170 preferably emits a collimated circular laser beam. However, the radiant energy beam pattern emitted by laser diodes manufactured at this time all project an elliptical shape. Because shot patterns are circular, it is desirable to make the emitted beam more circular. Some possible methods of making the emitted beam more circular include: passing the beam through an aperture; passing the beam through a pair of angled prisms; placing a small correcting cylinder lens just above the laser diode emitting face; and collimating and modifying a beam with additional lenses. The embodiments discussed below in connection with exemplary lens systems 116 a and 116 b, include a beam that is collimated in the laser module using the collimating and modifying method. The LED drive circuit 126 b, as shown in FIG. 7b, includes R7 180 and U4 181 that convert the digital pulse burst into a low impedance, 1.3 volt peak amplitude voltage pulses. Q1 182 and Q2 183 form a non-inverting transconductance current amplifier forcing current through LED1 184 connected to the collector of Q2 183 and the junction 185 between the Q1 183 emitter and R9 186. The LED drive system 126 b is very simple and allows higher peak levels of IR energy to be developed. It should be noted that in using LED1 184, its radiating area may be too large for sufficiently small images to be created by compact lens assemblies. Accordingly, it may be desirable to control the image pattern by using lens focusing to make the image as small as possible and then placing restricting apertures at the surface of the LED. If the lens system is positioned to image the light at the aperture then the image size will vary as the aperture size varies. Using the LED drive circuit 126 b provides a low cost alternative to the laser drive circuit 126 a. It also produces a round beam that does not require correction. Still further, there are no regulations defining and regulating LED emissions such as the Federal Laser Emission Regulations associated with the lasers. The LED drive circuit 126 b, however, has several disadvantages including that the much larger object size makes the minimum diameter of the projected pattern many times larger than that produced by the laser drive circuit 126 b. Also, when using a LED such as LED1 184, shown as Hamamatsu part L2791-02, the LED must be checked carefully to ensure that the center of the emission pattern is not occluded by a bonding wire. Although either drive circuit 126 a or 126 b may be used, the IR emitter 126 must emit a beam of sufficient strength to trigger the beam sensors 28 in the target 26 after it has passed through the a lens system 116 a or 116 b. The lens systems 116 a and 116 b defuse the beam from the IR emitter 126 which, although it provides added safety for the user, necessitates that the beam sensors 28 be sufficiently sensitive to detect the diffused beam. As shown, photo diodes PD1-PD5 222 a-d and 223 have a photo sensitivity of 0.5 Amperes per Watt when a 850 nm IR energy beam illuminates them. The rotating variable lens system 116 a shown in FIG. 4 is a variable lens system that can be used with either the laser drive circuit 126 a or the LED drive circuit 126 b. FIG. 5 shows an alternate lens system 116 b that also can be used with either the laser drive circuit 126 a or the LED drive circuit 126 b. In both of these embodiments, the beam emitted by the IR emitter 126 is magnified by being passed through a diverging lens 128 and then a converging lens 130 to create a pattern in diameter (area) analogous to a pattern of projectile ammunition. FIG. 4 shows the spacing being adjusted by altering the position of a movable converging lens 130. FIG. 5 shows the spacing being adjusted by using shim spacers 110 of different lengths. The variation in the beam pattern is similar to the constriction caused by a mechanical choke at the end of the firearm barrel 18 that causes the pellets to strike a clay target in a pattern spread which has greater or fewer pellets per square inch. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the fixed lens 128 has a focal length of −24 mm and the second, movable lens 130 has a focal length of +36 mm. Using the approximate spacing of the two lens' focal points of approximately 13.2 mm (0.52″) creates an effective focal length of −163 mm. This makes the image or pattern of the emission beam 24 emitted from the beam choke 21 35.9″ across (a Full choke pattern) at a distance of 40 yards. If the space between the lenses is varied, or they are separated by appropriate length shim spacers 110, the desired image sizes can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 4, a rotating variable lens system 116 a includes a diverging lens 128 fixed to the main choke body 112 and a movable converging lens 130. The movable converging lens 130 moves towards or away from the fixed lens 128 by rotating the variable choke grip 104 on coarse threads therebetween. Accordingly, the distance between the converging lens 130 and the fixed lens 130 is varied by rotating the variable choke grip 104. Such a variation sweeps the projected beam diameter from 18″ to 45″ at 35 feet. A mark on the stationary choke body 112 and marks on the rotating part allow calibration of “choke” settings. FIG. 5 shows an alternate replaceable variable lens system 116 b that also can be used with either the laser drive circuit 126 a or the LED drive circuit 126 b. The distance between the fixed diverging lens 128 and the converging lens 130 is adjusted by using replaceable shim spacers 110 of different lengths. More specifically, the IR emitter 126 projects a beam through the fixed diverging lens 128, the tube-shaped shim spacer 110, the converging lens 130, and a tube-shaped threaded retaining ring 192. To change the distance between the lenses 128 and 130, the threaded retaining ring 192 is removed so that the converging lens 130 can be removed. The tube-shaped shim spacer 110 is then removed and replaced with another tube-shaped shim spacer 110 having the desired length. The converging lens 130 and threaded retaining ring 192 are then replaced. An additional feature of the transmitter system 25 is the delay time incorporated in the electronics of the beam choke 21 to simulate the flight time of projectile ammunition. This feature is necessary because the time it takes for an emission beam 24 to travel from the firearm 16 to the target 26 is significantly less than the time it takes projectile ammunition to travel from the firearm 16 to a clay bird. The present invention simulates the difference in flight time by adding a delay time between the time the beam choke 21 receives the actuating beam 22 and the time the beam choke 21 emits the emission beam 24. Further, with projectile ammunition, there is a spread between the individual shot pellets that are at the front of the pattern and the individual shot pellets that are at the back of the pattern. The present invention simulates the spread by increasing the duration of time that the emission beam 24 is emitted. The exemplary circuitry, as shown in FIG. 6, delays the emission 0.054 seconds and emits the emission beam 24 for a duration of 0.0067 seconds. More specifically, U2 164 pin 12 divides the clock pulse provided by the crystal controlled oscillator 162 by 29 (512) to make digital transitions occur every 6.737 mS. U2 164 pin 1 is connected to U3 166 pin 1 so as to cause U3 166 pins 3 and 12 to toggle between High and Low every 53.89 mS after RESET 168 goes Low. U3 166 pin 13 is connected to U2 164 pin 12 which transitions every 6.737 mS. Through a series of logic gates, these signals are connected so as to produce at U3 166 pin 10 a chain of 38 KHz digital pulses occurring 53.89 mS after RESET 168 goes Low and lasting for 6.737 mS. Accordingly, when the actuating beam 22 is received by photo diode PD1 118, RESET 168 goes Low. 53.89 mS after RESET 168 goes Low, U3 168 pin 10 emits a chain of 38 KHz digital pulses for 53.89 mS. These digital pulses activate the IR emitter 126. It should be noted that alternate delay times and durations could be accommodated. Further, the delay time and duration could be adjustable. It should be noted that the components of the beam cartridge 20 and the beam choke 21 together comprise a transmitter system 25. Accordingly, one alternate embodiment includes the actuating beam 22 functioning as the emission beam that is sensed by the beam sensors 28. The beam choke 21 would be comprised of one or more optical lenses that could adjust the pattern of the actuating/emission beam. Alternately, no beam choke 21 would be needed if the beam pattern was not variable. Yet another embodiment could include a mechanical connection between the firing pin 19 and a beam choke 21. Target FIGS. 8-17 show a reusable target 26 that includes at least one triggering motion detector 200 (FIG. 12) that detects a triggering motion such as acceleration, speed, vibration, rotation, or other significant movement that is associated with the target 26 being launched or thrown from a launching device into a shooting arena. The triggering motion enables the target so that it is active and that at least one beam sensor 28 is receptive to an emission beam 24 from the transmitter system 25. If the beam sensor 28 senses an emission beam 24 it activates at least one hit indicator 30. The exemplary target 26, as described below, is designed to provide immediate visual feedback to a shooter that he has hit the target. This feature distinguishes the invention from systems that require a shooter to look at a scoreboard or otherwise determine a “hit,” or “miss” from a secondary source. Another feature of the exemplary target 26 is its durability that permits it to withstand the deceleration forces of landing and, therefore, is reusable. Yet another feature of the target 26 is its long battery life that permits multiple, reliable use without maintenance. In practice, as shown in FIG. 22, the target 26 has at least two states: a first state 276 in which the hit indicators 30 are enabled and a second state 277 in which the hit indicators 30 are disabled. The target 26 initially is at rest in the second state 277. It changes from the second state 277 to the first state 276 when a triggering motion, such as the acceleration caused by being thrown from a launching device, is detected by the triggering motion detectors 200 of the target 26. Once triggered, one or more hit indicators 30 are enabled. The target 26 may change from the first state 276 to the second state 277 when the emission beam 24 is sensed by the beam sensors 28. Alternatively, the target 26 may change from the first state 276 to the second state 277 after a predefined time period (between 5 and 10 seconds). As will be discussed below in detail, FIG. 23 shows five states of the target 26 as shown. The five states of being are as follows: (1) the “sleep” or rest state 282; (2) the “enabled” or awake state 284 in which the target is counting and the amplifier and detector unit 250 is active; (3) the “hit” state 286 in which an emission beam 24 with sufficient amplitude and duration has been sensed by the beam sensors 28; (4) the “low battery” state 288; and (5) the “+4 volt/amplifier test” state. The first four states are discussed below in connection with FIG. 23. These states may be visually indicated by any combination of dark, lit, or flashing hit indicators 30. Additional states may also be added. For example, the target 26 may have a state in which the hit indicators 30 are illuminated constantly to indicate either that the target 26 is set or that it has been hit. A “find” state could also be added that is initiated with an audible or light signal beam emanating from a remote control device to assist in finding the reusable targets 26 scattered about a field after they have been fired at and are laying at rest. Separate to or in addition to the visual hit indicators, audio hit indicators may be included in the target 26. Turning first to the “sleep” state 282 shown in FIG. 23, the target 26 is at rest as it has not been activated by a triggering motion. No voltage is being generated by the triggering motion detectors 200. Also, the hit indicators 30 are preferably disabled or dark. The target 26 is enabled or awakened into the “enabled” state 284 by a triggering motion such as an acceleration rate or vibration having a magnitude of more than 10 gravitational accelerations (10 g). In the “enabled” state 284 a triggering motion detector 200 that has detected a triggering motion produces a positive voltage equaling or exceeding a digital High that electronically signals the hit indicators 30 to indicate the target 26 is enabled, enables the +4 volt supply to activate the amplifier and detector unit 250, and starts a “countdown.” To indicate that the target 26 is enabled, the hit indicators 30 may be constantly lit or may flash at a fast rate such as 22 Hz. The hit indicators 30 will indicate that the target 26 is enabled until the beam sensors 28 sense an emission beam 24 so that the target 26 enters the “hit” state 286 or the countdown is complete so that the target 26 returns to the “sleep” state 282. The target 26 enters the “hit” state 286 when the beam sensors 28 sense an emission beam 24 of sufficient intensity and duration. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 15, this causes RO 202 to go Low and electronically signal the hit indicators 30 to indicate a hit, such as by going dark. If the RO goes Low, digital logic disables the +4 volt supply. In the “hit” state 286 RO 202 floats High since no conduction by Q1 262 is possible after the +4 volt supply is disabled. If the target 26 enters the “hit” state 286 prior to the counter completing its countdown, Reset 203 is Low, +4 volt disable 204 is High, and RO 202 is High. In the “hit” state 286 battery drain drops from 30 mA to 55 μA. Otherwise, the conditions of the “enabled” state 284 remain until the “sleep” state 282 conditions are reestablished. These conditions are significant because they ensure that the target 26 will not start another cycle either while in flight or during landing. Once the countdown is complete, the target 26 enters the “sleep” state 282. It should be noted that the predefined time marked by the countdown should exceed the anticipated target flight time so that the hit indicators 30 will remain lit through the flight unless it enters the “hit” state 286. As shown in FIG. 23, if the beam sensors 28 do not sense an emission beam 24 and the countdown is not complete, the target 26 remains in the “enabled” state 284. However, if the beam sensors 28 have not sensed an emission beam 24 and the countdown is completed, the target 26 will return to the “sleep” state 282. The “low battery” state 282 may be used to indicate when the battery 205 drops below 4.5 volts. This state may be represented by one or more hit indicators 30 flashing every few seconds. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the input to the circuitry required to enable the target 26 is clamped Low to ensure that the target 26 cannot be awakened from sleep. The target 26 is disabled until battery B1 205 is replaced. It should be noted that, although it is not shown in FIG. 23, the “low battery” state 288 may be entered from any of the other states 282, 284, and 286. By using separate circuitry as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the target 26 will indicate it is in the “low battery” state 288 but will not interfere with the amplifier and detector unit 250 if the low battery condition occurs after the target 26 has entered the “enabled” state 284. Yet another state, the “+4 volt/amplifier test” state (not shown), is used to test or tune the target's 26 circuitry to detect an emission beam 24 of a specific frequency such as 38 KHz. Although in the preferred embodiment this state would be entered only prior to the target's first use, or if the target 26 was being repaired, in alternate embodiments the circuitry would be easily adjustable so that targets 26 could be tuned to sense only the specific frequency emitted by the user's firearm. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, in this state a “test jumper” TJP1 207 is added to enable the +4 volt regulator supplying battery power to the amplifier and detector unit 250. In this state the amplifier and detector unit 250 can be tested and the L1 208 can be tuned. It should be noted that the +4 volt disable signal 204 is regulated by U3 209. Generally, the test jumper TJP1 207 is removed after testing is complete to reestablish minimum battery drain. The target 26, as shown in FIGS. 8-11, includes five major components: a cover 210, a main circuit board 212, a chassis 214, a cushion ring 216, and a battery cover 218. Although not shown as a unit, the shown target 26 would be assembled so that the main circuit board 212 was enclosed within the cover 210, chassis 214, and battery cover 218. The cushion ring 216 would be held in place by the mechanical interconnection between the chassis 214 and the battery cover 218. The cushion ring 216 would provide added protection to the electrical components contained within the target 26. The cover 210, as shown in FIGS. 8a and 9 a, is made from a durable material, such as molded plastic, and provides protection for the main circuit board 212. It is transparent to the emission beam 24 and to the light emitted by LED1-LED4 220 a-d. The cover 210 may include a reflective coating that reflects light from a flashlight or search beam and thus can be used to find the target 26 after it is laying at rest. Preferably, the cover 210 is sealed to the chassis 214 by ultrasonic welding so that the internal components are protected from contamination. The exemplary main circuit board 212, as shown in FIGS. 8b, 9 b, 10, and 11 is a two-sided, four-layer, glass-epoxy, printed wiring board that provides support and electrical connection between the electronic components of the target 26. The electronic components mounted on the board 212 include the following: the beam sensors 28 shown as photo diodes PD1-PD4 222 a-d; triggering motion detectors 200 shown as ACCEL1-ACCEL4 224 a-d; and hit indicators 30 shown as LED1-LED4 220 a-d. As will be discussed below, an additional beam sensor 28, shown as PD5 223 and a tuning board L1BOARD 225 are connected by wires to the main circuit board 212. The exemplary chassis 214, as shown in FIGS. 8b, 9 b, and 10, is made from durable material such as molded plastic. The chassis 214 provides a mounting surface for the main circuit board 212 and forms the battery compartment 226, the back support for acceleration detectors ACCEL1-ACCEL4 224 a-d, the attachment surface for the cover 210, the attachment surface for the cushion ring 216, and the mounting compartments 230, 228 for photo diode PD5 223 and small circuit board L1BOARD 225. The exemplary cushion ring 216 shown in FIGS. 8c and 9 c, is also made of durable and more flexible material such as molded plastic. Preferably, the cushion ring 216 is a single piece consisting of a circular outer ring 234 with an inner ring 236 joined by plurality of flexible braces 238. The inner ring 236 mates with the chassis 214 to provide an energy absorbing interface between the outer surface of the outer ring 234 and the chassis 214. This exemplary embodiment allows the outer ring 234 to deform so as to absorb shock and protect sensitive components located on the main circuit board 212 when the target 26 hits the ground, or another object, after launch. In standard operation the target 26 would preferably be caught in a net, but this feature protects the internal components of the target when it does not. The cushion ring 216, as shown serves several purposes. As mentioned above, it absorbs shock and protects sensitive components. It also provides an annular surface having dimensions suitable to interact with the throwing arm of a trap. The braces 238 also act as cushions that compress and deflect the forces of landing. The exemplary battery cover 218 shown in FIGS. 8d and 9 d is made from durable material such as molded plastic. The cover 218 provides access to the battery 205 in battery compartment 226 so that the battery 205 may be replaced when necessary. Because of the many battery-saving features of the present invention and the “low battery” state 288, battery replacement should be rarely necessary. As mentioned above, the tuning board L1BOARD 225 which is inserted into the L1BOARD mounting compartment 228 (FIGS. 19b and 10) is a small circuit board. FIG. 17 shows the circuitry of the variable or tunable inductor L1 208 and two capacitors 240 a-b that comprise an LC parallel tuned, resonant circuit. As shown, the LC circuit is tuned to 38 KHz to detect the preferred emission beam 24. This circuit is preferably tuned while outside of the chassis 214 using a fixture with suitable electronic loading and display elements. After tuning, the L1BOARD 225 with connecting wires slides into the pocket or mounting compartment 228. The mounting compartment 228 may then be filled with epoxy giving rigid mounting support and generally disallowing further tuning of L1 208. Photo diode PD5 223 is placed face-down in the mounting compartment 230 (FIG. 10) with two wires 231 extending through at least one through-hole site 232 for connection to the main circuit board 212. Epoxy may then be poured into the compartment 230 to secure PD5 223 and to provide a counter balance to the weight of the epoxy around the L1BOARD 225. At final assembly the wires protruding from the two compartments 230 and 228 are electrically connected to the main circuit board 212 at through-hole sites. The main circuit board 212 is then secured to the chassis 214. One exemplary embodiment of the circuitry for the target 26 is shown in FIGS. 12-17. FIG. 12 shows an overview of the exemplary circuitry in which four triggering motion detectors 200 signal a digital logic and timer unit 244 (shown in detail in FIG. 13) upon detecting a triggering motion. The digital logic and timer unit 244 then signals an LED driver 201 to activate the hit indicators 30 which indicate that the target 26 has entered its “enabled” state 284. Simultaneously, the digital logic and timer unit 244 activates the +4 volt regulator I.C. to supply power to the 38 KHz infrared amplifier and detector unit 250 enabling the beam sensors 28. If a beam sensor 28 senses an emission beam 24, a signal is sent through the amplifier and detector unit 250, digital logic and timer unit 244, and LED driver 201 to activates at least one hit indicator 30 and the target 26 enters its “hit” state 286. More specifically, the target 26 is “set” by a triggering motion such as acceleration, rotation, or fast movement. The triggering motion is detected by triggering motion detectors 200 such motion or acceleration sensors such as the four series connected piezo polymer acceleration detectors ACCEL1-4 224 a-d that are shown in FIG. 13. ACCEL1-4 224 a-d are preferably made from thin plastic film/silver ink laminates that produce a voltage when bent. Each of ACCEL1-4 224 a-d is mounted on each of the four radial direction faces of the target 26 chassis 214. When the target 26 is subjected to radial accelerations exceeding about 10 g (320 ft/sec2) ACCEL1-4 224 a-d can, if the direction of acceleration is suitable, deflect outward due to their own inertia and flexibility. As shown, each ACCEL1-4 224 a-d is a 520 pF capacitor capable of generating 7 or more volts when subjected to the accelerations. The very high input impedance and approximately 5 pF of input capacitance of 4000 series CMOS logic of the digital logic and timer 244 is easily driven by the triggering sensors 200. Since ACCEL1-4 224 a-d produce strain charge from mechanical deformation, no power is required to operate them, and they provide sufficient energy to enable the digital logic and timer unit 244. The exemplary digital logic and timer unit 244, as shown in FIG. 13, includes three basic circuit components. The first component is a resettable latch, shown as U4A 246 a and U4B 246 b, that detects and holds any instantaneous incident whereby ACCEL1-4 224 a-d generate a voltage constituting a digital High at U4A 246 a pin 2. The second component is a resettable latch, shown as U5B 248 b and U5C 24 c, that detects and holds any instantaneous incident of the digitally conditioned output of USA 248 a that inverts and holds off (during transition from the “sleep” state 282 to the “enabled” state 284) RO 208 output of the amplifier and detector unit 250. The third component is the timer or counter U7 252, that is a resettable 14 bit binary divider/oscillator that is normally stopped until RESET 203 goes Low. When RESET 203 goes Low, timing components determine the frequency of oscillation. One digitally divided frequency output of U7 252 determines the rate at which the hit indicators 30 blink on and off. Another digitally divided frequency output of U7 252 determines the time period (countdown) which the target 26 remains in the “enabled” state 284. It should be noted that U5A 248 a, in the embodiment shown, serves the dual functions of inverting the normally High RO 202 to a digital Low and inhibiting response to RO 202 changes while the target 26 is awakening. U5A 248 a pin 1 is held High by RESET 203 while the target 26 is in the “sleep” state 282 forcing the input to the receiver latch U5B 248 b pin 6 to be Low. When RESET 203 goes Low due to a detected triggering motion, the charge on C11 254 and pin 1 prohibits any changes on the amplifier output pin RO 202 from being relayed to USB 248 b until the charge on C11 254 bleeds off through R21 256 and RESET goes Low. This process takes about 30 mS. As shown in FIG. 15, the exemplary amplifier and detector unit 250 is a high gain, high selectivity, infrared light receiver that is tuned to detect an emission beam 24. The amplifier and detector unit 250 includes or references photo diodes PD1-PD5 222 a-d and 223, L1BOARD 225, U1 (shown as U1A 258 a and U1B 258 b), U2 (shown as U2A 260 a and U2B 260 b), Q1 262, and associated components. U4C 246 c and U4D 246 d provide the logic to disable or enable the +4 volt power supply I.C. U3 209. U3 209 is a logic controlled, 6 pin, low drop out, series pass voltage regulator. The U3 209 takes 9 volt battery 205 (FIG. 14) voltage (8.2V to 4.2 V range) and produces +4 volts of regulated power used to power the amplifier and detector unit 250. The amplifier and detector unit 250 draws about 7 mA when active. Reverse biased, radial-placed photo diodes PD1-PD4 222 a-d look out through the target cover 210 in four directions. PD5 223 looks downward through the battery cover 218. An emission beam 24 striking any one of these beam sensors 28 will cause photo conduction, causing a small amounts of current to flow developing a small voltage across L1BOARD 225 and the input pin 3 of U1A 258 a. U2B 260 b is used to produce a reference voltage, Vreff 264, equal to � of the supply voltage and separate from other power supplying energy sources. This allows operational amplifiers U1A 258 a, U1B 258 b, and U2A 260 a to be biased to operate in their most linear range and provide a low impedance, low noise reference for the beam sensors 28 to work against. As discussed above, tuning board L1BOARD 225 (FIG. 17) includes two capacitors C1 240 a and C2 240 b and one tunable inductor L1 208 which form a parallel resonant circuit tuned to 38 KHz. This resonate circuit is connected between Vreff 264 and the output PDO 266 from the beam sensors 28. The circuit has an impedance (Q) of about 60 at its resonance frequency of 38 KHz. At resonance, the impedance across L1 208, C1 240 a, C2 240 b is approximately 66 K ohms. At all other frequencies (including DC) the impedance appears to be much lower. The magnitude of the voltage appearing between U1A 258 a and Vreff 264 is the product of the impedance of L1 208, C1 240 a, C2 240 b and the current output PDO 266 from the beam sensors 28. U1A 258 a is configured as a non-inverting bandpass amplifier with a voltage gain of approximately 45 at 38 KHz (excluding loading affects created by gain inverting gain stage U1B). U1B 258 b is configured as an inverting bandpass amplifier with a voltage gain of approximately 45. The two stages combine to amplify a 148 micro volt signal by about 2,000 times. A detected emission beam 24 of 148 micro volts would have an amplified value of 0.3 volts peak-to-peak or more. Diodes D1 268 a and D2 268 b limit the output swings of U1B 258 b to 1 volt peak-to-peak. Resistor R6 conducts the output of U1B 258 b to U2A 260 a. U2A 260 a is configured as an inverting comparator. The output of U2A 260 a remains Low, near 0.050 volts, until the negative voltage excursions of the amplified photo diodes signals exceed 150 mV below Vreff 264. The output of U2A 260 a switches between 0.05 V and 3.50 V with signal amplitudes on U2A 260 a of 0.3 volts peak-to-peak or greater. Low pass filter 270 integrates this signal and applies the integrated signal to the base of Q1 262. Q1 262 remains non-conducting until its base-to-emitter voltage exceeds about 0.6 volts. As shown, a pulse train of 38 KHz IR signal, such as the preferred emission beam 24, must be received for at least 1 mS (as shown the emission beam 24 has a burst lasting approximately 6 mS) for the base voltage of Q1 262 to equal or exceed 0.6 volts. When the appropriate emission beam 24 is received, the Q1 262 collector pin, the receiver output pin RO 202, is pulled Low. Pattern Testing Board As shown in FIGS. 18-21, an auxiliary component of the simulation system is a pattern testing board 300 that can detect and display the actual pattern of the emission beam 24 emanating from the beam choke 21. By displaying the actual beam pattern, firearm operation and shot pattern can be verified. To do this, the pattern testing board 300 is placed at a distance of 35 yards from the shooter either behind the target catch net or to the side. One or more shooters can sight and shoot at the pattern testing board 300. The pattern testing board 300 will display a pattern representative of the shape of the emission beam 24 at 35 yards. As shown in FIGS. 18-19, one embodiment of the pattern testing board 300 consists of a central target disk 302 with central box LED 304, a plurality of box printed wiring boards (PWBs) 306 which are preferably arranged radially around the box LED 304, a power source 308, an ON/OFF switch 310, and an enclosing case 312. Each of the box PWBs 306 contain a set (shown as 18) of IR detection IC/amplifier/LED circuits 314 (FIG. 20) that are spaced 1″ apart. An exemplary case or housing 312 of the pattern testing board 300 is shown in FIG. 19. The housing 312 may be constructed of any sturdy building material such as wood or metal. The example shown includes case components such as an exterior frame 313 a, an inset panel 313 b for mounting the box PWBs 306 and central target disk 302, a back cover 313 c, as well as additional braces. The pattern testing board 300 may also include a polycarbonate front sheet 313 d to protect the electronic circuitry from damage. As shown in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 18 and 19, a power source 308 (shown in phantom) that is connected to conventional 120 VAC power may be mounted on the inside, bottom of the pattern testing board 300. Each of the box PWBs 306, that are preferably spaced radially about a central box LED 304, are each electrically connected to the power source 308. Preferably the central target disk 302 is also connected to the power source 308 so that the central box LED 304 is illuminated when the pattern testing board 300 is receiving power. The illuminated central box LED 304 also draws the shooter's attention to the center of the pattern testing board 300. As shown in FIG. 18, the array pattern is 40″ in diameter and has 216 detection sites. The ON/OFF switch 310 may be a conventional wall switch that is mounted on the side of the housing 312. When a beam detection IC/amplifier/LED circuit 314 is illuminated by an emission beam 24 pulsing at a predefined rate for a duration of 1 to 8 milliseconds, the associated LED lights up for a duration of approximately 2 seconds. The resulting display of lit LEDs indicates the location and pattern of the emission beam 24 on the pattern testing board 300. Each of the box PWBs 306 includes a set of beam detection IC/amplifier/LED circuits 314 such as those shown in FIG. 20. As shown, each circuit 314 includes a photo IC (U1) 316 which is a high sensitivity, photo diode, and bandpass amplifier in a single integrated circuit package that is sensitive to the emission beam 24. Turning to the electronics, when the output of U1 316 is High (not illuminated), diode D1 318 is non-conducting, P channel MOSFET (Q1) 320 is non-conducting, C1 has been charged to VCC by R2, and Q1 drain (D), R3, and LED1 are at ground potential. When the output of U1 316 goes Low (illumination detected), D1 318 conducts which brings the D1 anode junction with R1 to about 1 volt above ground. If the output of U1 316 remains Low, the voltage across C1 decreases from VCC to +1 volt. As the voltage across C1 decreases, the source-to-gate voltage of Q1 320 increases causing Q1 320 to conduct when the voltage difference exceeds 2 volts. With the Q1 source at +5 volts and the Q1 gate at +1 volt, Q1 source-to-drain (D) resistance appears to be under 10 ohms. With Q1 320 conducting, R3 will pull LED1 322 anode High until LED1 322 begins conducting at +1.6 volts. LED1 322 will remain illuminated as long as U1 316 output is Low. When U1 Vout returns to High, D1 318 becomes reversed biased and ceases to conduct. However, the voltage across C1 proceeds to increase from +1V to VCC due to the current supplied by R2. As the voltage across C1 increases the gate-to-source voltage of Q1 320 decreases. Q1 source-to-drain resistance increases until Q1 320 ceases to conduct depriving LED1 322 of all illumination. R2 and C1 form a time constant of about 1.5 seconds resulting in current flow through LED1 322 for about 2 seconds after U1 Vout goes High. This procedure causes LED1 322 to remain visible for approximately 2 seconds after being triggered. Other features of the circuitry include the fact that R1 and C1 form a low pass filter to reject quick, short duration excursion of U1 out Low caused by noise. R1 also limits the surge in current that would occur if D1 318 were directly connected to C1. The terms and expressions which have been employed in the foregoing specification are used therein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the scope of the invention is defined and limited only by the claims which follow. Patent Citations

i don't know

Commonly used as a derogatory term, what name is sometimes given to children born in the US to illegal immigrants who, given their citizenship, are thought to be used as a means of obtaining citizenship for the parents?

Political Idioms for Dummies: 40 most common political phrases & terms of 2012 – JenebaSpeaks JenebaSpeaks Empowering online digital entrepreneurs and professionals to create great things online Political Idioms for Dummies: 40 most common political phrases & terms of 2012 October 2, 2012 | Uncategorized | 1 As we head into the November Presidential elections, I thought it would be a great idea to update a past very popular post I did in 2010 right before the mid term elections defining and attempting to explain the common phrases and terms used and uttered by political pundits. The average politically agnostic person who has not been paying attention to politics and the election may find themselves forced to start as we creep closer to the elections.  By now, they may be perplexed and flummoxed about all the phraseology being tossed about in campaign ads and on nightly broadcast and cable news shows discussing politics. —————————————————————————————————————— FRUSTRATED about your job and feeling underappreciated and underpaid? I got you! Attend my FREE 1.5 Hour PIVOT TRAINING  where I share all the secrets for launching an online business and testing the waters BEFORE you branch on your own! —————————————————————————————————————– In the interest to gain more news and information about candidates up for office in their respective local and state jurisdictions, audiences look to reporters and the “talking heads” on these programs to provide some insight and perspectives. What they bump into, which may turn them off and away, is all of the jargon and idioms used by those reporting the news.  To the uninitiated, it may not be that easy to figure out what all of the quirky terminology means.  You hear candidates everyday referring to themselves as a “Fiscal Conservative” and a “Social Moderate.”  What exactly does that mean?? Many political idioms come in and out of fashion and are created by the media, politics junkies, bloggers, politicians, press secretaries, advisors and lobbyists.  Several people have criticized the frequent use of these terms which they say are meaningless, vague and pretentious diction incidental and understandable only to those “Inside the Beltway” and exclusionary to Main street America. I’ve updated my post on the 25 Most Common Used Term s, which removes outdated terms, and includes new ones. This time around we’re looking at 40 terms and here they are: Amnesty – The term given to any measure, decision, policy or law that would permit US residents who are not in the country legally or with valid authority rights, either to stay, work and/or have a path to obtaining legal US residency or citizenship. Such a move would require forgiving behavior or instances of overstaying their visas or coming into the country across borders without legal authorization. Anchor Babies – A derogatory term for children born in the United States of parents who  are in the country without proper authorization or who may have arrived into the nation across the US/Mexico border without legal permission. Current US law provides US Citizenship to any baby born on US Soil. Those babies are afforded rights and benefits of all US Citizens that some say their parents then use to provide an anchor or basis to remain in the United States indefinitely. The term is used widely by opponents of illegal immigration especially among those in border states. Budget Deficit – Act of government spending beyond income being brought in via taxation or the selling of public goods and services.  It also refers to the amount of money the government has to raise by borrowing, taxing or cutting expenditures. Citizens United – That is the name of a party to a US Supreme Court case decided in 2010 which essentially gave corporations the same First Amendment speech rights as individuals in the United States and ushered in a new era for SuperPACs, Political action committees that are heavily funded by sometimes anonymous donations from heavily funded corporations. The term is used often when referencing political advertising on TV and the web funded by SuperPACs that have gotten significant donations from corporations. Convention Bounce – Traditionally, after the official convention of the party of a US Presidential candidate during an election year, that party’s nominee would see an increase in voter approval in polls. The thought being that exposure to wider audiences who do not necessarily pay attention to politics could leave positive impressions upon audiences, and consequently in poll answers. Crony capitalism – This is a term describing an economy in which success in business depends on close relationships between business people and government, or a situation whereby those in power in government confer special benefits, or government contracts to friends and donors after bypassing official processes like competitive bidding, for example. The contract given to solar panel energy company Solyndra is accused as being an example. DREAMERS – The term for young children of undocumented and illegal immigrants brought to the country as children who would be eligible for rights to stay, work or obtain legal residency and citizenship should a law called the DREAM Act pass. The law would create a path to citizenship for certain young children of immigrants once they attend college or perform military service. Entitlement Programs – This is the term given to social programs like Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, Welfare, Food Stamps, Unemployment compensation, Federal employee and military retirement plans, agricultural price support programs and Veterans’ Administration programs.  Once a citizen meets a certain requirement (having contributed to social security during years working, falling below an income bracket, being disabled and unable to work), they are entitled to have the government provide financial benefit, goods or services, sometimes for an indefinite period of time. Enthusiasm Gap – This term applies to the difference in excitement and interest in voting between two main parties, for example.  As in: It is said that the Enthusiasm Gap between the Republican and Democratic voter base could spell disaster if the Democrats do not turn out more than expected at the polls this November 6. Fiscal Cliff  – The term for the metaphorical cliff that US taxpayers will fall off of when the President George Bush era tax cuts sunset permanently for all users. The US Congress voted to extend the cuts until midnight December 31, 2012.  That is the date that the Budget Control Act of 2011 will go into effect. The temporary payroll tax cut holiday would sunset and workers will see a 2% increase in taxes. Also, included in that act is Sequestration, a term for the automatic budget spending cuts to domestic and military/defense programs. Fiscal Conservative – A perspective preferring that the government spends tax payer dollars in a manner that does not include too much expenditure that will further increase an existing deficit. As in: Several candidates up for elections are touting themselves as being Fiscal Conservatives who question the money earmarked for several social programs. Gaffe – Pronounced (Gaf), it is the term for a faux pas or a socially inadequate statement or mention. As in: Since assuming the position as chief of the party, the leader has made a series of unfortunate gaffes that have made the headlines. G.O.P.  – This term stands for Grand Old Party, a euphemism for Republicans. Inside the Beltway – This phrase references the name for the highway that encircles the geographic location of the District of Columbia and areas surrounding the Nation’s Capitol.  It has come to signify a clear distinction and/or disconnect between those who live and work within those boundaries and who create laws and policy; and the rest of the country, the majority that do not.  As in: There is a general sense of frustration among the electorate that Inside the Beltway politicians running the country are clueless about their main concerns. Judicial Activism – It is a view that the US Supreme court justices and even lower court federal judges can and should creatively use their personal background, consideration of needs of contemporary society when interpreting the US Constitution. It is the opposite of judicial restraint, the act of applying and interpreting laws based on a strict reading of the US Constitution and the intent of the framers of the founding fathers. Kicking the Can down the Road – This metaphor is used often to refer to a decision by a lawmaker or decision maker to avoid making the tough call on a permanent maneuver and instead delaying it by passing short and temporary measures instead. Politically, it is a way to circumvent the possible negative consequence of making a difficult decision to cut funding of a certain program, for example. Because there could be political ramifications (e.g. an opponent can use a decision during campaign season) to making a steadfast decision, the option to “kick the can” down the road is often taken by politicians facing reelection. Liberals/Liberalism – Political ideology grounded in tolerance and advance of a broad interpretation of civil liberties, promotion of widespread popular participation and support for a stronger and active role of government in regulation and manipulation private activities for a perceived greater good of spreading and supporting equality. Margin of Error  – That is the statistical term for the percentage points by which a poll could be off or incorrect. Therefore, for example, even if a candidate is losing on an issue according to a certain poll of likely or registered voters, if the percentage point differences are close, that margin of error could provide comfort to the candidate with the lower percentage that he or she may still be within a position to overtake the lead. Media Firestorm – This refers to plenty coverage, mostly antagonistic, from the media which usually includes a demand for a response from the part(ie_ or entities involved. As in: After the taped recorded conversation of the candidate using that slur was released, he came under a media firestorm and had to answer to all of the questions being lobbed in his direction. MSM  – An acronym for Mainstream media, the members of the press and the organizations they work for which make up much of the sources where Americans receive information from online, television, radio or in newspapers. They include CNN, Washington Post, the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Huffington Post, NBC News, etc.  Conservatives, Republicans and those on the political right, often accuse of having a bias towards liberals and Democrats. Messaging – This term is used to describe a series of short descriptive terms related to a particular  policy, initiative, explanation or communications that is meant to be reiterated, recited, almost verbatim to an audience usually in addresses, letters, speeches etc.  As in:That candidate was not clear in messaging his position to the voters which is one of the reasons he did not get reelected. Monetary Policy  – An administration’s ability to manipulate, elevate or improve money stock, interest rate levels and health of an economy using rules and policies. Obamacare – This term term, usually framed in a derogatory context, references the Health Care Reform Act pushed by the President and the White House and passed into law in 2010. It has since been embraced by and used by the White House and the president in an attempt to deflate the once toxicity level of the term. Partisan – This term refers to a fervent, sometimes militant support  of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea, usually within the context of equally fervent opposition to an opposing party.   As in: The governor went into office promising the people that he would be non-partisan , but as of late has been engaging in partisan politics slamming the other party and turning off the independents in the process. P.O.T.U.S – This is an abbreviation for Politics of the United States or President of the United States (compare: SCOTUS referenced the Supreme Court of the United States); FLOTUS is First Lady of the United States. Private Sector – Goods and services provided by private business enterprises and not by government or bureaucracy.  It is different from the public sector or the nonprofit sector. Progressives – This word refers to a political attitude favoring or advocating changes or reform. Read out – This term applies to analysis or interpretation of information or data on a particular political position.  As in: What is the White House’s read out on the public outcry from the oil spill? Referendum – This word references the overwhelming majority vote by the public on an issue or a candidate. It is evidence of a strong and definitive acceptance or rejection of status quo when a party in office is voted out by a significant majority. Should President Obama be voted out it will be a referendum on his failed policies, opponent Mitt Romney says. Reach Across the Aisle – A term for  making an effort to negotiate or mediate differences with those who are on the other side of the political spectrum in the spirit of compromise.  It references the actual physical aisle that divides the legislative halls where members of the two parties sit on opposite sides.   As in: In order to garner support for his measure, the Senator had to do reach across the aisle and work with Senators of the other party. Right to Work Laws/States – Laws in a state which make it illegal for labor unions and employers to enter into contracts which mandate that only union members can be employed in jobs under the contract. It was the subject of an unsuccessful attempt to recall Wisconsin governor Scott Walker when he implemented a law and impacted unionized workers in that state. Right Wing – Term for conservative political thought which emphasizes values of patriotism, individual responsibility, and acceptance of wealth inequities, status and privilege with caveat that success is built upon work without the need of that success to be shared evenly across socioeconomic class. Road to 270 –To elect a US President, the first to obtain 270 electoral college votes win. Unlike the popular vote, based on individual votes cast by each citizen, under the current electoral college system. In addition to voting for the person of choice, voters also vote for delegates who have certain number of votes that they can cast in their state. Each state has a certain number of delegate votes depending on the population in that state. The road to 270 refers to the various scenarios that a presidential candidate has in order to realize that needed 270 votes. Sequestration – See Above. But in short, the name for automatic military and domestic spending cuts that will take effect beginning January 1, 2013 pursuant to Congress’ passing of the Budget Control Act of 2011. At the time the act was passed, the US had reached its debt ceiling cap and was falling fast into financial meltdown. The law was a bi-partisan compromise that enabled the president to raise the debt cap and delay needed cuts until a committee could come together and decide how to cut. The committee failed, therefore triggering the situation where the cuts will be imminent unless some other Congressional agreement is reached before December 31, 2012. —————————————————————————————————————— FRUSTRATED about your job and feeling underappreciated and underpaid? I got you! Attend my FREE 1.5 Hour PIVOT TRAINING where I share all the secrets for launching an online business and testing the waters BEFORE you branch on your own! —————————————————————————————————————– Social moderate – A position that is neither conservative nor liberal on mainstream social issues but represents a more tolerant position on controversial cultural debates and matters including abortion, gay marriage, legalization of marijuana etc. Spin – Can be used as a verb or noun, a favorable perspective or slant to an item of news, or potentially unpopular policy.  As in: After a controversy erupts and the media gets a hold of it, there is a right and wrong way to spin it to your advantage SuperPAC – The name for political action committees which, after the Citizens United case (see above) would be receive even more funding that usual and tradition. Stumping – campaigning or attending a political rally on behalf of and to garner support for another candidate running for office.  As in: The President was in Ohio today stumping for the candidates up for congressional elections. Talking Points – a set of briefing notes or summaries on a particular topic that are recited, nearly verbatim, whenever the topic is broached.  As in: The mayor veered off his talking points and made some off the cuff remarks that were not received well when they were reported in the media. Welfare State – A government which spends a lot of money on directly providing personal benefits to families or qualifying individuals versus on national defense, law enforcement, transportation and administering public lands. What else should be added? Removed? Revised? Please comment! Thanks!  

Anchor baby

The International Court of Justice, otherwise known as the World Court, is located in what country?

Dictionary now calls 'anchor baby' an offensive term – In America - CNN.com Blogs December 8, 2011 at 4:22 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS December 8, 2011 at 4:56 pm | Report abuse | Eli The irony is that someone probably had to translate the word for them to become offended. December 8, 2011 at 3:55 pm | Report abuse | Jonathan Does the Spanish word for "anchor" have a negative connotation? In English it certainly doesn't ... December 8, 2011 at 4:03 pm | Report abuse | Juan Valdez The Mexican term for 'Anchor baby" is: JACKPOT December 8, 2011 at 4:21 pm | Report abuse | Duane - St. Pete FLA your a liberal trying to stir trouble.....nice try dummy December 8, 2011 at 3:55 pm | Report abuse | Tea Party Express LIberal, now there is an offensive term. Somebody from FLORIDA calling somebody a dummy? HA!! Mississippi even makes fun of Florida. December 8, 2011 at 3:57 pm | Report abuse | Logic December 8, 2011 at 3:54 pm | Report abuse | citizen December 8, 2011 at 4:10 pm | Report abuse | Art Jen.. Why are you so stupid? We say that illegal immigrants should be kicked out and you say that we are all immigrants. Yes but we are LEGAL immigrants. If you can't tell the difference then are a dolt. Stop comparing the two. Two people take money out of a bank. One has an account there and one doesn't. Are they both equal even though one took her own money out and the other was a bank robber? They both took money out but one did it legally. Do you understand the difference now or should I show you pictures? December 8, 2011 at 3:54 pm | Report abuse | Jack How about 'birth of baby on u.s. soil by criminal parents who want U.S. taxpayers to support their kid" December 8, 2011 at 3:53 pm | Report abuse | Duane - St. Pete FLA December 8, 2011 at 3:54 pm | Report abuse | Tea Party Express How about "worthless human tax sponges that will try to sell our grandchildren drugs" December 8, 2011 at 3:55 pm | Report abuse | KJC Regardless of whether you agree or disagree with someone's choice to live in a certain country – or any of their life choices, legal, illegal, you name it – you should NEVER call another person "worthless." Even someone who breaks our laws still has a heart and soul of value. Regardless of the choices or personal state of any individual, that is a cold-hearted term that has no place describing a HUMAN BEING. December 8, 2011 at 4:08 pm | Report abuse | firehorseme oooohhhh I know another word! Parasites. Wait, that may be more offensive. December 8, 2011 at 4:42 pm | Report abuse | mark The truth very rarely offends no one. December 8, 2011 at 3:53 pm | Report abuse | dlh559 How true, well said ! American's are blasted for using an offensive term, Yet each year goes by and the goverment and the laws that we are REQUIRED to live by get shoved aside. The Mexican goverment ( as corrupt as it is ) blames the U.S. for their people leaving. I've said this a million times over CLOSE THE BORDERS NOW. December 8, 2011 at 3:51 pm | Report abuse | tvmc The second-coming may be an anchor baby. Then beware... "Then he will answer and he will say to them, 'Amen, I say to you, as much as you have not done to one of these little ones, neither have you done that to me.' Mathew 25 December 8, 2011 at 3:51 pm | Report abuse | Knewt Hey you want to see an offensive term "Career Politician"! December 8, 2011 at 3:50 pm | Report abuse | lilpamy if the shoe fits wear it. or maybe just go home December 8, 2011 at 3:50 pm | Report abuse | P.Y. December 8, 2011 at 3:47 pm | Report abuse | Sean You’re 100% correct. The term Anchor Baby is offensive. It is offensive to every American and LEGAL immigrant. Including my girlfriend and her family who came here from Colombia. (correct spelling) They spent the time and money to come here legally. They are the first to tell you it isn’t easy. (Why should it be?) And the first to tell you THEY are offended by illegals. December 8, 2011 at 3:46 pm | Report abuse | MontanaErik If we eliminated from the dictionary every word that offended someone, we'd have about ten pages left. December 8, 2011 at 3:46 pm | Report abuse | C OK, call then call then what they are, "babies of illegal immigrant criminals." December 8, 2011 at 3:46 pm | Report abuse | Knewt December 8, 2011 at 3:52 pm | Report abuse | John D Whatever you think about American immigration law, I'm still at a loss as to why the BABY should be subject to abuse. They didn't do anything wrong; they can't control who their parents are or where they're born. THEY didn't come to the United States illegally. December 8, 2011 at 4:06 pm | Report abuse | AndyTheGameInventor What shocks me is that some people make such a big deal of the criminality of crossing the border illegally. Yes, it is illegal. Yes, it makes them lawbreakers. But so does running a red light or driving after a few too many beers. Those things can and do sometimes kill people – yet we look at them as relatively minor offenses especially if no one is hurt. By contrast, these people view sneaking in to work without permission as some much greater offense. December 8, 2011 at 4:14 pm | Report abuse | Prometheus What shocks me, AndyTGI, is that you don't know the difference between "misdemeanor" and "felony". December 8, 2011 at 5:38 pm | Report abuse | conrad Prom .... It's not a felony to illegally cross the border. It's not even a misdemeanor, It's only a civil offense. Get your facts straight, and stop being a right wing nut hater. Geeze December 9, 2011 at 10:42 am | Report abuse | Jorge It is not about immigration so your point is moot. December 8, 2011 at 3:46 pm | Report abuse | Joe Schmoe So what should we call them? Should it be "child of an illegal alien used to keep said illegal alien from being deported." Hummmmmmm....... "anchor baby" is a lot easier to say. December 8, 2011 at 3:45 pm | Report abuse | John D How about "human being who, like all other human beings, cannot control his or her parentage or birthplace, and who should not, therefore, be subjected to abuse on the basis of those unchangeable personal characteristics." December 8, 2011 at 4:01 pm | Report abuse | Dick December 8, 2011 at 4:07 pm | Report abuse | John D They're not necessarily illegitimate, though. And they're definitely not illegal in the sense of being in the country without immigration status. A person born in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States is a citizen. That's the plain wording of the Fourteenth Amendment. Whether that's wise policy is another matter, but for the time being, it's the supreme law of the land. December 8, 2011 at 3:44 pm | Report abuse | jon Anyone born in the US can claim the word "native". December 8, 2011 at 3:43 pm | Report abuse | trauma a term can be both derogatory and true at the same time. December 8, 2011 at 3:41 pm | Report abuse | AL in West Palm Beach, FL Sean, This seems nice on a bumper sticker...now, point me to where an illegal interviewee said that. December 8, 2011 at 3:40 pm | Report abuse | Sean If you will be more specific I am happy to address your concern. December 8, 2011 at 3:49 pm | Report abuse | tvmc Thanks pat. Very rational answer. December 8, 2011 at 3:40 pm | Report abuse | JB Cal I thought that Indians immigrated to North America during the ice age. December 8, 2011 at 3:39 pm | Report abuse | Chris meh. Get over it. I'll stil use the term. December 8, 2011 at 3:39 pm | Report abuse | Sean CNN for pete's sake give us an edit button already. December 8, 2011 at 3:38 pm | Report abuse | Veronica December 8, 2011 at 3:38 pm | Report abuse | WKnox Not all "anchor babies" are born to illegals. When I came here as a student, my wife was already pregnant and after she gave birth, we applied for citizenship docs at our country's embassy. We left the U.S. and came back again to continue our studies. When we applied for a U.S. visa, the U.S. embassy rejected the visa for our U.S. born child even though we had never applied for a U.S. passport for the child. Instead they asked to apply for a U.S. passport. There are probably thousands of children born to the parents like us who are nonimmigrants and temporarily in the country (students, high-skilled workers, visitors, etc.). I also know that some of them try to make babies while their in the U.S. Surprisingly, almost all Chinese women become pregnant within a year after they arrive in the U.S. To be honest, the term "anchor baby" offends me because my child was also born here and now has a dual citizenship, but I also feel sorry for Americans as noncitizens are taking advantage of their system. December 8, 2011 at 3:36 pm | Report abuse | astuartgirl Thanks for your opinion. Nice and sane. I read the whole thing. Most I don't because they are just ramblings of the insane. December 8, 2011 at 3:39 pm | Report abuse | Then by definition... your child is not an "anchor baby", unless of course your sole intention of your wife coming to the US while pregnant was to gain citizenship. By your own admission (if, in fact, you are being truthful) your child would not be considered an anchor baby. December 8, 2011 at 3:42 pm | Report abuse | WKnox Actually, we didn't know about citizneship being granted solely based on birth place. So yes, it was not our intention. December 8, 2011 at 3:45 pm | Report abuse | WKnox December 8, 2011 at 3:43 pm | Report abuse | Hungarian Anchor Baby Technically speaking I was an anchor baby: born here prior to parents who were immigrants. However, it doesn't offend me. My parents, like you, came here legally and did the hard work to become US citizens. If someone is illegal and doesn't like the term, perhaps they need to realign their priorities and do it right. December 8, 2011 at 3:46 pm | Report abuse | teremist OH GEE, I must be politically correct, I must not state the obvious, or the truth, or use common sense! Heaven forbid an illegal felon invader might get upset! These are invaders, not immigrants. Immigrants work hard, pay taxes, come here legally, obey the laws, and do not demand hand-outs. BIG DIFFERENCE. We owe the invaders NOTHING, including citizenship for their children, and NOTHING is all they should get. If they want more, then they need to apply to their country of origin. December 8, 2011 at 3:36 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS Al- have you not heard ILLEGALS and the advocates for lawbreaking argue repeatedly and stridently that the ILLEGAL parents should not be deported BECAUSE they have American citizen children. This is their main argument and is also a cornerstone of ICE Chief John Morton's recent memorandum in which ILLEGAL parents of American children are deemed (at least for Morton's tenure as ICE chief) not subject to this Administration's deportation priorities. Hence- the accurate term– anchor baby- THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT IS HAPPENING and A POLICY THAT CONTINUES TO BE SOUGHT BY THE ADVOCATES FOR IMMIGRATION LAWBREAKERS. December 8, 2011 at 3:34 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS No. I am not against that- But what I am against is granting de facto amnesty to lawbreakers (which they do not have the legal authority to do) and also I am against this Administration (for whom I voted) not demanding more resources to enforce our laws - LAWS that are THE MOST GENEROUS IN THE WORLD. Rather than utizling taxpayer resources to enforce the law and to create a larger infrastructure to deal with the enormity of this problem, they are devoting our taxpayer funds to sue States which are merely trying to enforce the equivalent of existing federal law. But, to my other point - the term anchor baby is an ACCURATE descripion of the motivations of the lawbreakers and their disgusting advocates. December 8, 2011 at 3:43 pm | Report abuse | John D Obama's deported more people than any other president, ever. I'd regard that as a rather dubious achievement, but obviously you haven't taken it into account at all. December 8, 2011 at 3:49 pm | Report abuse | Veronica Indians came across the continents from Asia and settled here so they are immigrants too. Maybe they had to conquer cavemen. December 8, 2011 at 3:33 pm | Report abuse | Duane - St. Pete FLA yep....and they did it the correct way.....why can't you understand that? Laws are in place for a reason, you can't pick and choose the laws you want or don't want to follow dummy..... December 8, 2011 at 3:30 pm | Report abuse | astuartgirl Seriously? You are so naive. December 8, 2011 at 3:32 pm | Report abuse | Duane - St. Pete FLA December 8, 2011 at 3:28 pm | Report abuse | Duane - St. Pete FLA that's a dumb statement.....Mexican's who break the laws getting here need to leave. Try getting caught in Mexico without the correct paper work.....they will ship your ass back in a heartbeat. December 8, 2011 at 3:27 pm | Report abuse | Tea Party Express Or hand them 5$ and they treat you like Jesus December 8, 2011 at 3:59 pm | Report abuse | Jake That's not true at all. My grandma came here from Greece following WWII, but she did it legally, the right way. Our current immigration problem is based on people entering this country illegally. Being Native American has no bearing on this argument whatsoever. It's about people coming in illegally vs legally. December 8, 2011 at 3:27 pm | Report abuse | Joe "Native American" isn't a correct term either–it's PC nonsense. It was created by the US Govt around 1970 so they could classify people for the census, so they could check a box on the form. Then our government knew who it could discriminate against. December 8, 2011 at 3:27 pm | Report abuse | Jimbo Funny how people always forget to put the word "illegal" in front of the word "immigrant". December 8, 2011 at 3:21 pm | Report abuse | Earnán It's not "people" forgetting that pesky little word "illegal." It's the pro-illegal alien lobby. They know that the only chance they have is to create confusion and spread disinformation. It is vital to their efforts that they confuse the public into believing that objections to illegal immigration are really all about "anti-all immigration." So they never mention that LEGAL immigrants, who have had to put up with years of waiting, paperwork, fees and red tape, are the most anti-illegal immigrant group out there. December 8, 2011 at 3:43 pm | Report abuse | Debbie An anchor baby is what it is. You can't tell me that illegals aren't doing this. I live in Texas. Of course they are doing this. Just visit the hospitals along the border in Texas. I was born abroad. My parents were U S citizens, and there was NO WAY I was going to be offered citizenship in the country where I was born. The U S is encouraging "Anchor Babies" Expectant moms get across the border at the last possible moment to have their anchor babies. Then they bring their whole extended families to Texas. December 8, 2011 at 3:20 pm | Report abuse | Bob I am offended if you call me fat, but bummer, I am fat. If I don't want to be called fat then I should stop being fat. If you don't want your "anchor baby" to be called that, then please don't use them in that way. December 8, 2011 at 3:19 pm | Report abuse | kirk We are not all Immigrants. I was born here, my parents were born here, my grandparents were born here. It has absolutely noithing to do with "we are all Immigrants". Every county in the world has Immigration laws. I expect everyone to respect and follow the law. The deifinition of Anchor Baby is 100% accurate and it should not be changed. December 8, 2011 at 3:17 pm | Report abuse | Earnán December 8, 2011 at 3:39 pm | Report abuse | WVLady63 The truth is always offensive to mexicans. They vomit over our borders, come in with empty pockets turned inside out, palms up, demanding their rights! I find this OFFENSIVE! I am sick to death of supporting these ILLEGAL ALIENS! There should be a change in that. If you are here illegally and have a child, that child should JUST BORN HERE AND SHOULD NOT immediately be A CITIZEN!!! December 8, 2011 at 3:17 pm | Report abuse | rkt210 I was born here. I'm not about to sneak into another country and demand my "rights". December 8, 2011 at 3:15 pm | Report abuse | qr I'm no immigrant, I'm Powhatan Indian. December 8, 2011 at 3:15 pm | Report abuse | devils advocate You miss the point, it is not against immigration, just the illegal border crossers. December 8, 2011 at 3:11 pm | Report abuse | miguel OR YOU CAN JUST LEAVE IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT HERE December 8, 2011 at 3:11 pm | Report abuse | RenaP "They have also decried how it has resulted in the deportations of many people who have committed no crimes other than being in the country illegally." People who have committed no crimes other than being in the country illegally? Isn't that the definition for oxymoron? December 8, 2011 at 3:10 pm | Report abuse | P.G. We should use the statement “who have committed no crime, other than being in the country illegally” in conjunction with other funny oxymoron like Government Intelligence or Jumbo Shrimp... December 8, 2011 at 3:51 pm | Report abuse | KJC This is not an oxymoron, as the sentence simply states that yes, they committed a crime coming here, but they have not committed any subsequent crimes, such as violence, theft, etc. So basically, for those who actually see people as human beings, you might say the only crime they committed was trying to feed their starving families by entering a country that appeared to be their only hope. Most people I know who have come here illegally applied to come here legally many times first, but since "the list" is long, the majority who continue applying will still never get the chance to come. Meanwhile, their family remains in dire straights while they live in a country with 50% unemployment or under-employment that does not show signs of an improving economy. Faced with the choice of starving or crossing a border illegally to provide for my family, it's hard to say for sure that I would not come, as I've never been in that position, nor have most of the people spewing hatred. December 8, 2011 at 4:16 pm | Report abuse | KJC p.s. I also like the above response of AndyTheGameInventor. As he points out, things like driving over the speed limit are CRIMES that most people commit every day. Yet for some reason, we think that crossing a border is a significantly more greivous crime, even if the intention is to live an otherwise productive and positive life supporting a family. "We will be judged as we judge," so you better hope you've obeyed every U.S. law to the tee! December 8, 2011 at 4:21 pm | Report abuse | Mr. N. By definition the term "except" does not make it an oxymoron. You might look up the definition of oxymoron. Please learn the language before attempting to use it. Illegals at least have the excuse that English is not their second language. You have none. December 8, 2011 at 4:27 pm | Report abuse | Mr. N. December 8, 2011 at 4:28 pm | Report abuse | mrsr I'm starting to notice that the people who are absolutely, disgustingly hateful towards illegal immigrants and all things concerning them have the worst grammar and spelling abilities. Rather than wasting all your energy on hate, how about you retake elementary school? Don't believe everything you hear. Some people lie and convince the vulnerable, and uneducated people to raise hate in the world. Not to mention the fact that it is extremely difficult, if at all possible, for illegal immigrants to receive federal aide. If any of their illegal children go to college, they pay full tuition with no scholarship, no government help, no anything. And as far as their not paying taxes – they make anywhere between 2 to 6 (if lucky) dollars an hour. If they aren't using a fake SSN to pay taxes that they will never get back, you certainly are not going to miss a few bucks they would be worth in taxes. They still pay property and merchandise taxes. All they are not paying is their wage, which a lot of them do. December 8, 2011 at 3:10 pm | Report abuse | tony1954 Tell you what. Since you seem to have no problem with ILLEGAL aliens NOT paying federal and state income taxes, why don't YOU write a check to the government, both to the federal and to your state government, to make up the difference which in effect is being STOLEN from the rest of us who DO pay taxes. My bet is you are among the 47% of those who pay no taxes at all. December 8, 2011 at 3:20 pm | Report abuse | J3nMa11on33 It is not at all difficult for illegal immigrants to receive Federal Aide, nor is it unlikely that in the case that a Natural born Citizen, who has worked their whole life needs aide, they are denied. It happens all the time. I have seem it first hand, and the problem is severely widespread. I am not uneducated, nor am I ignorant, however, I do a different perspective, a bit closer to the issue at hand in this regard. I feel that it is irresponsible to split a family, however, it is also irresponsible of someone to expect citizenship merely because they chose to procreate on our soil, as opposed to their homeland. December 8, 2011 at 3:23 pm | Report abuse | Bloated bowels It is not at all difficult for illegal immigrants to receive federal aid. Further more,it is likely that in the case of a natural born citizen (who has worked their whole life) who needs aid, are denied. It happens all the time. I have seem it first hand, and the problem is greatly widespread. I am not uneducated or ignorant, however, I do see things from a different perspective and a bit closer to the issue at hand in this regard. I feel that it is irresponsible to split a family, however, it is also irresponsible of someone to expect citizenship merely because they chose to give birth upon American soil, as opposed to their own homeland. December 8, 2011 at 4:01 pm | Report abuse | WRONG I work at a hospital and have seen first hand illegals having federal aide! It's called Medicaid just becaue they are pregnant. December 8, 2011 at 3:26 pm | Report abuse | C Just wanted to point out that Medicaid is extremely hard to get even as a citizen. You have to have so many tax return forms, pay stubs, proof of residency forms, your birth certificate and social security card to even be able to apply for it and even then you don't always get it. I seriously doubt any illegals are able to get it when they wouldn't have those forms. December 8, 2011 at 3:56 pm | Report abuse | Tgallant You need to work on your grammar too. It is "federal aid" not "federal aide". December 8, 2011 at 3:28 pm | Report abuse | NC828 Tgallant, you have confused "spelling" with "grammar" and missed the spelling mistake in the word "because." December 8, 2011 at 4:03 pm | Report abuse | Tracy 13 states currently allow illegal students to pay in-state tuition. Guess it's not that difficult, eh? December 8, 2011 at 3:29 pm | Report abuse | Earnán Sounds like someone who has never dealt with having their Social Security number stolen by an illegal. I have friends still trying to get their SS benefits untangled years after their information was stolen and sold to illegals. Sounds like someone who has never had to deal with illegals driving with no insurance and no license. I still have medical issues from the 2005 car crash where an illegal T-boned me after he ran a red light. I've yet to be reimbursed for my lost wages and lost deductible on car repairs, and I'm still paying higher car insurance rates for being the victim of an illegal with a fake license and bogus insurance card. The police? They didn't care. "Sanctuary City" policy that let them ignore the illegal alien's multiple crimes. A fake driver's license is a felony, but apparently only if being used by a 20-year-old US citizen to buy beer. In the hands of an illegal alien reeking of alcohol, it's no big deal? mrsr is typical of the fringe leftists who make excuses for illegal aliens and their crimes. If mrsr is so infatuated with illegals, he/she should open his/her home to them. Put your money where your keyboard is, mrsr: take responsibility for these criminals and provide the hospitality you claim the rest of us are failing to provide. But I'm pretty sure you'll keep your generosity to the usual liberal sort: nothing more than words. Certainly nothing that actually costs you anything. December 8, 2011 at 3:32 pm | Report abuse | JD I'd be willing to bet some of those illegals are your relatives. December 8, 2011 at 3:32 pm | Report abuse | neoritter I've noticed the most unintelligent, illogical and irrational people start their argument by attacking the credibility or intelligence of those who oppose them. December 8, 2011 at 3:33 pm | Report abuse | Duane - St. Pete FLA December 8, 2011 at 3:48 pm | Report abuse | Veronica Those legal citizens with poor grammar are probably products of schools forced to dumb down education to accommodate illegals who refuse to speak English. At least the Americans are trying to speak our national language. December 8, 2011 at 3:36 pm | Report abuse | Dan Really? Do we live in the same America? Are we blaming the immigrants for slow students? We has parents need to get involve in school and make sure that our kids are learning what they need in life. Don't blame the immigrants for your poor parenting. December 8, 2011 at 3:59 pm | Report abuse | Taxpayer I find you absolutely, distustingly offensive. Life goes on. December 8, 2011 at 3:40 pm | Report abuse | Jorge They take more in benefits than they pay in taxes and that is an undisputed fact!!!! December 8, 2011 at 3:45 pm | Report abuse | AJ from Boston Maybe true but at least it's broken English and not Spanish. You couldnt invade any other country in the World like the illegals do to the US and get away with it. You would be arrested or shot on site. The problem in this country is overspending for those that don't belong. We are changing our laws to accomodate them and their expenses in the name of social justice. Let's leave it up to the taxpayers to decide. If the liberal softy hug out the problem lefties want to support it with their taxes than go for it. No other generation in history that came here legally received a handout. Not to mention they would be embarrassed and had to have a sponser to even come here in the first place. Stop comparing this generation of national plague to any other that came here to be American and to contribute to our countrys pride. Todays immigrants work here and just ship it home so they can eventually have a better life back elsewhere. I would gladly pay $10 for a salad or go without if it would send even one back to where they came from. If you want to wait in line like everyone else does – welcome to America – I'm glad to have you. December 8, 2011 at 3:51 pm | Report abuse | Jim Can't speak for you grand/great grand parents , but mine did it legally December 8, 2011 at 3:09 pm | Report abuse | CP Why lie about the truth of the term. It goes the same way with any other non-american person but less talked about. It's not as easy to get into the US from other countries as easy as the Latinos or Mexicans make it. They'll dig and claw their way through just about anything to get to someplace better. December 8, 2011 at 3:09 pm | Report abuse | Chela Too funny, I have student loans that I pay on a monthly basis. My education was not free, I have paid and continue to pay for anything that I might've received while growing up. I have taken, yes, I have, but I have given and will continue to give back to this great country. December 8, 2011 at 3:08 pm | Report abuse | Bulla Anchor Baby is not an offensive term. However, two of the words used in this article are offensive and inappropriate. December 8, 2011 at 3:08 pm | Report abuse | Wile E. Peyote Anchor Baby is offensive? To whom? To the illegals? So what. When are we going to take our country back and stop catering to the people who enter this country illegally? Get them out now. December 8, 2011 at 3:06 pm | Report abuse | Jimbo We know that is your plan there Richard, you guys want to turn the southwest into Mexico. December 8, 2011 at 3:17 pm | Report abuse | mlopro7 The next word in the dictionary to be classified as offensive: American n. - [rude and offensive] (esp. average middle-aged Republican caucasians) - a narrow minded bunch who established the Tea Party and are known for their rampant incivility, racism, hypocrisy, subverting democracy, and for misrepresenting otherwise intelligent Americans. December 8, 2011 at 3:18 pm | Report abuse | miptrooper December 8, 2011 at 3:45 pm | Report abuse | Joel Johnston Calling someone an anchor baby seems less offensive than calling me Caucasion. I'm Euro American, not Caucasion. Everyone will be offended by something. They say the Noisy wheel gets the grease. In the US, it does. Some say the Noise Wheel gets replaced – that is what smart countries do. Someday, after we replace all the thieves in Congress, we will be smart again. Make your vote count in 2012 – Reelect nobody. December 8, 2011 at 3:05 pm | Report abuse | Jim Here is a example. Jerk Gov. Brown past the Cal. Dream Act give the babies access to public funds to educational funds. As of right now Cal is 13billion in the hole for next year (2012). He wants to raise tax on wealthy and sales to pay for a balance budegt. While they babies didn't do all the expense how is raising my tax fair to pay for thoes funds. How. December 8, 2011 at 3:02 pm | Report abuse | Todd C I have to agree, as it is clear from your response that we do not even have sufficient funds here in California to educate our own citizens. December 8, 2011 at 3:11 pm | Report abuse | Road I cant believe your sniveling about something brown did.you idiots re-elected him so you have know one to blame but yourselfs and before you say you didn't vote for him let me ask you this..did you get off your ass and go stomping around to remind everyone what he did last time he was gov.of calif. or did you sit on the computer sniveling and whinning about it?just wondering.. December 8, 2011 at 3:28 pm | Report abuse | CapitalP You are implying that everyone voted Brown back in. Paint with a broad brush mutch? December 8, 2011 at 3:50 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS I am all for raising taxes on the wealthy except for when funds will be used to pay for, encourage, or otherwise incentivize benefits for ILLEGAL IMMGIRANTS. When Americans realize the enormous abuse in taxpayer funds being diverted to ILLEGAL FOREIGN NATIONALS - they will be against raising additional tax revenues. The diversion of our precious taxpayer funds to benefit ILLEGALS is INFURIATING! December 8, 2011 at 4:02 pm | Report abuse | Roger in Florida Rick Perry-R, Texas did the same thing but you won't mention that because he is a fellow Republican? December 8, 2011 at 4:07 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS Roger- if you're talking about me- rest assurred - I am a life-long Democrat and an '08 Obama voter. Also, I would never vote for Perry because he is for incentivizing more lawbreaking by granting taxpayer rewards to the immigration lawbreakers and their offspring. December 8, 2011 at 4:16 pm | Report abuse | michelle I hate when people use that line...'doing jobs Americans won't do.' That is not the case at all. Americans won't do these backbreaking labor jobs for low pay and without appropriate benefits. The flood of migrant workers is great for companies that get to keep their labor costs down, but not for American workers who experience wage deflation as a result. December 8, 2011 at 3:00 pm | Report abuse | awaysaway And so their prices are lower and so we can therefore afford to eat in their restaurants, eat the vegetables they sell, etc. Maybe you want to pay more for things? Or maybe you like the idea of cheaper imports? December 8, 2011 at 3:05 pm | Report abuse | gera Where is your outcry about businesses hiring illegally people (illegals), or landlords hiring illegal workers in the fields, or families hiring maids to clean their houses, or mowing the lawn. Perhaps next time you are going to start wondering about your kids having illegal friends (in school) (being sarcastic) Why is that when it comes to illegal aliens everybody outcries only, but when it comes to the big picture everybody is quiet. December 8, 2011 at 2:58 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS The term is NOT offensive. It is an accurate description of the motivation behind having and/or use of children to anchor the ILLEGAL parents to the United States of America. The ILLEGAL parents and their advocates argue that they should not be deported because they have American citizen children. The term anchor baby accurately describes this practice. December 8, 2011 at 3:09 pm | Report abuse | gera I agree with you, but you missed my point, just like Joe December 8, 2011 at 3:14 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS No I didn't Gera- I was just making my own point. December 8, 2011 at 3:20 pm | Report abuse | gera Excuses. I am talking about in general. December 8, 2011 at 3:12 pm | Report abuse | AJ from Boston Regardless of whether we use them once they are here is not the issue. The problem starts with letting them in to begin with. Just remember it is the US government that is not enforcing the border and not allowing States like AZ and AL to enforce their illegal alien policies. I put the blame first on our own president and our own government. If Obama claims the States cant enforce the laws because its the Feds responsibility than prove it and stop fighting for the other guys. When is this President going to do anything Pro American ? Just sickening. December 8, 2011 at 3:58 pm | Report abuse | Tensai13 No other country on the planet has the "anchor baby" rule and it is absurd that people from as far away as China can fly to America just to birth their baby and later claim citizenship and associated benefits. December 8, 2011 at 2:58 pm | Report abuse | southpawstance Not true. Canada and most of the rest of North and South America recognize birthright citizenship. "Jus soli" or right of the soil is the doctrine followed by the "New World." "Jus soli" originally was a reaction to the Europe's (the Old World) practice of "jus sanguinis" or right of blood. America's founding fathers rejected the Old World idea that a person's status was determined by which family he or she was born into. America has no king and no nobility, and all men are created equal; thus everyone born on her soil is equal in America. (Or so we hope.) December 8, 2011 at 4:12 pm | Report abuse | Tex Gritter The hard reality is that if you intend to spend prolonged time in almost any of these "Latin" countries, you have to bring something to the table. If not, you wont be there for very long. I know this because I spent quite a bit of time studying on it. I was looking for a "cheap" place to live while I worked on a book I was writing. In theory, you are entirely correct South Paw. But, in the actual situation, things are just a little bit different. December 8, 2011 at 5:10 pm | Report abuse | southpawstance I guess I'm not following what you're trying to say, Tex. Are you saying that babies born in "Latin" countries aren't granted birthright citizenship, or just that it's hard to live in countries other than the US? I was just pointing out that birthright citizenship was something our founding fathers embraced to separate this country from the old ideas of Europe and to further the idea that all men are created equal. I'm pretty sure that we hold this truth to be self evident. December 8, 2011 at 5:29 pm | Report abuse | reader10 OUR politicans are the ones who 's destrouying this country .All they want is getting reelected.America is rotting from within. December 8, 2011 at 2:57 pm | Report abuse | yellow rose If the US tax payer could see how much Anchor babies are costing us then they would wake up. Where else can you come and have a kid for free – collect welfare, food stamps and just keep on doing it - the sad sad thing too they don't practice birth control it doesnt take a rocket scientist to realize there are so many jobs for so many people, so the US is becoming a WELFARE country and its only going to get worse. I'm disappointed in our Politicians they are not doing anything about this problem. December 8, 2011 at 2:54 pm | Report abuse | BioHrzd420 I think any parent (even those on welfare and food stamps) would argue that children arent' free. Period. December 8, 2011 at 3:04 pm | Report abuse | Burbank I find Anchor Babies extremely offensive in the fact they are even here! Perhaps Cuckoo Chicks or Parasite Larvae would be a more accurate term. The parents come here and dump them on us to feed and raise for them, just like Cuckoos laying eggs in another bird's nest or parasites sucking us dry. I don't like Bachmann, but I'm glad she pointed out that these illegal aliens cost each of us $1000 per year in taxes! This anchor baby law needs to be repealed. We are unfairly burdened with all these parasites that should be doing their homework to make their own countries better, not trying to foist their irresponsibly begotten huge families on us! Having children you can't afford to feed and raise is child abuse and if the responsibility to care for them gets thrust on innocent and unwilling others, they are being abused too! I sure could use an extra $1000 per year! December 8, 2011 at 2:52 pm | Report abuse | Tom Congratulations! You became something! How many of your other "first generation" compadres have done the same? It's time to send the people who are here illegally home! December 8, 2011 at 2:52 pm | Report abuse | Dan Funny, most pro-illegal alien people claim to be humane, but they really aren't. Actually, they're in a paradox: If you are a criminal business person and hire illegal aliens, you are actively depressing the fair wage for that labor by cheating. The reason most people won't take those jobs is because they are not effective at covering costs. That's not humane for the citizens of U.S. If you claim that illegal aliens will take the pay you give them, you are actively oppressing a fair wage for a fellow human being. That is cruel and certainly not humane to the non-citizen of the U.S. The bottom line is we like our cheap produce, yard work, and home repairs, and so long as people are not subject to legal remedy for actively breaking this law, our lives will continue unabated. But don't feed me a line that "no one wants to do the jobs." Pay more and try following the law. Or get busted and suffer bankruptcy from jail, I don't care. December 8, 2011 at 2:52 pm | Report abuse | Jim December 8, 2011 at 3:04 pm | Report abuse | JP Dan, My sentiments also. It would seem that a business that does hire these illegals would want to maintain the status quo. A pool of illegal low wage workers who have no recourse if you decide not to pay them is great for business. I have heard stories from friends that after Katrina, whole groups would show up for their paycheck and the traveling construction owner is nowhere to be found. My stepmotherworked in a factory in TN, where there were quite a few latino workers (who also brought their small children to work). She sewed together US miilitary uniforms. A coworker had a friend drop off something. The friend happened to be a uniformed police officer. One sight of the uniform and the factory lost a large percentage of workers that day. I too have no doubt that 99% of the illegals are hard workers, but the problem is, what does that leave Mexico with to fix their own internal issues? Why should they have citizenship privileges ahead of nationalities not of this continent? Just because they are geographically mobile? There are regions of the world who have it far worse than counties south of us. I would rather repeal birthright citizenship, and raise my taxes to implement a lottery to bring in a variety of poor hard working people who love the USA. December 8, 2011 at 3:10 pm | Report abuse | AngelicaS Correct- they believe that their humanity should be allocated exclusively to the lawbreakers and and encouraging more lawbreaking rather than feeling humane and compassionate to American citizens who are devastated by the wage depression and the job opportunities lost to the blackmarket ILLEGAL laborforce. They also do not give to s#!+s about the lawabiding businesses who are not able to compete with the lawbreakers. Their sense of humanity is totally scewed! December 8, 2011 at 3:27 pm | Report abuse | spiderking I haven't seen any cheap vegetables, nor have I paid for cheap yardwork or repair work of any kind. The fact that they work cheaper than US citizens doesn't guarantee cheaper products, just more profit for the jerk that lowered what he would pay to give them a job. December 8, 2011 at 5:11 pm | Report abuse | Mr. USA Forever Too bad that is exactly what they are. Anyone offended by the term is a complete loser, period. December 8, 2011 at 2:51 pm | Report abuse | BioHrzd420 The same could be said for any other derogatory term towards another person, but doesn't make it proper to say. It is still offensive, whether you think it applies or not. It's not like anyone calls someone an "anchor baby" to be nice. December 8, 2011 at 3:11 pm | Report abuse | Duane - St. Pete FLA tough crap....they are crimminals so they are called what they are called.....I think the word "rapist" is not nice either......we should call them.....desprate for love criminals. Yeah.....that way all you liberals won't offend anyone.....hahahaha December 8, 2011 at 3:53 pm | Report abuse | Jim Here's why people don't like them. They left/ran away from Mexico for a better life, rather than stay and fight for change there, with no reguard for our (US) laws. Use our system to benifit them. What happens when our (US) country fails, they will run like before to some where else. They have no morals or skin in the game. December 8, 2011 at 2:51 pm | Report abuse | Jim If your going to play the morality card on me you had better play it on them too. December 8, 2011 at 3:28 pm | Report abuse | Chase in Cali Be definition you are an "Achor Baby". You are NOT an American in my eyes. I do however thank you for your service. That alone does not get me to respect you or your position. December 8, 2011 at 2:51 pm | Report abuse | YoungSkeptic Can someone make a list of words that aren't offensive? At this point, that list would be shorter. December 8, 2011 at 2:51 pm | Report abuse | Gcoop December 8, 2011 at 2:56 pm | Report abuse | ProperVillain The term "anchor baby" is offensive? Oh PLEASE! Either don't have a baby in the US intended to keep you here or grow a pair and stop being such a whiney baby. Seriously, this whole PC thing has gotten out of control. December 8, 2011 at 2:51 pm | Report abuse | Sara *my post was in reply to Dean's question about why "they' want to leave their countries. December 8, 2011 at 2:48 pm | Report abuse | Tom I've got a fix for the term – don't consider them citizens. There parents knew exactly what they were doing when they came here – they knew the exact consequences. Send these kids back with their parents. It would be no different if I had gotten away with a crime for 20 or so years and not told anybody about it. They find me, they arrest me, and I am inprisoned. My family and friends who thought I was on the up and up are floored and have no idea what just happened. My kids go without their father. I knew what the consequences were, but I decided to live the lie anyway. The survival of the US requires that SOMETHING be done with this issue! December 8, 2011 at 2:46 pm | Report abuse | CJ Topspin You know what offends me? It offends me when citizens of other countries come to my country and demand the rights and privileges of citizenship. So guess what? THEY ARE ANCHOR BABIES. AND YOU ARE ILLEGAL. Find another group of citizens to take advantage of. December 8, 2011 at 2:54 pm | Report abuse | mrsr So.. Are you then saying that if you committed a crime and got caught for it, your kids should go to prison with you?? If you are willing to say your kids should definitely pay for your crime just like you have to, then yes, we should definitely send back those "anchor babies". But I highly doubt that you are wiling to allow the world to punish your children for your mistakes. December 8, 2011 at 2:57 pm | Report abuse | US guard mrsr – you have a sick and twisted mentality. December 8, 2011 at 3:08 pm | Report abuse | mrsr No. You have a sick and twisted mentality. Haters have the nerve to say that illegal immigrants and their anchor babies should go back to where they came from because the illegal immigrant parents made the mistake and their kids should also pay for that mistake by going back to a foreign country that they don't know anything about. But children of criminals don't go to prison with their parents. Children of people with thousands and thousands of dollars in debt don't inherit the debt. So why do the anchor babies have to pay for simply being born? December 8, 2011 at 3:13 pm | Report abuse | Leonard Alexman THe difference ias I did not use my klids to commit the crime. December 8, 2011 at 4:07 pm | Report abuse | AJ from Boston The parents have to go back, the kids can stay but they can never vote. Funny but if every Mexican was a hard core right wing conservative or even an independent voter the Dems would be shipping them back to Mexico any way possible and at any expense. Its just a comedy that the left cant just admit the facts. Humanitarian reasons and supporting them to have a better life are more excuses than anything. If they cared enough they would change their own Country but they just let it go to crap with drugs and violence. . At the end of the day its more about people watering down this Country's national pride and creating a socialized country. If they can't beat us fairly by being smarter, stronger, better than us than the rest of the World would rather divide the Country and counquer it. Looks like its working. December 8, 2011 at 4:10 pm | Report abuse | US guard I have never seen one illegal paying taxes. I have seen many illegalls NOT PAYING TAXES after they got their green cards. You know this is the truth. December 8, 2011 at 3:11 pm | Report abuse | Gcoop Wow. Political correctness has a stranglehold on our society. When did everyone become so d@mned sensitive and so eager to complain about trivial things? December 8, 2011 at 2:46 pm | Report abuse | BioHrzd420 I'm not really sure what the hooplah is about anyways. The article was correcting the definition of a word. That's it. Yes, it is offensive because it was born as a derogatory term for children of immigrants. It's never said as a complement. So that iwas included in the definition. Not really the basis for taking up issue with immigration policies and spouting bigotry against immigrants (or what people really mean, Mexicans). December 8, 2011 at 3:16 pm | Report abuse | brian The powers that be want lax immigration policies because immigrants are the most uninformed voters and they want to dilute the voting power of Americans. Immigrants are willing collaborators because they want to protect their brethen even at the expense of the average American. Blacks will protect Blacks at the expense of justice and morality (e.g., remember O.J.). December 8, 2011 at 2:45 pm | Report abuse | Joe The anchor mill is a successful business, originating as a means of obtaining benefits by procreation. While most people have children out of love,illegals have them as a means of using them to try and make everyone feel guilty. Doesn't work on me, it just infuriates me more and anchor baby is a "four letter word". December 8, 2011 at 2:44 pm | Report abuse | NOT MY CHAIR most people have children because of love? yea right i dont know bubble you live in but i am will to 80% of the people i know that have a baby it was because of an accident December 8, 2011 at 2:50 pm | Report abuse | Fast Edward Really?! What, are you, like, 16 or something? December 8, 2011 at 3:03 pm | Report abuse | Integrity Could we not also argue that the "the system" in the US also reward teens and adult mothers, who have babies, but are unable to support them? Do we not give money to these parents, who are native citizens, for each baby they have? I am in support of ensuring that the babies and children receive proper care, but doesn't this system promote (or at least) support and ensure the continuation of this very problem? December 8, 2011 at 2:52 pm | Report abuse | ginx Truth hurts? There are websites published in Mexico on how to find the hospitals on this side of the border complete with street maps and driving directions just so they can have their babies here. I say load them in an ambulance for a free ride to a Mexican hospital back across the border. If you want to become a citizen: fine I welcome you but do it the legal way, and not use your child as a loophole crutch. December 8, 2011 at 2:44 pm | Report abuse | Brad Don't really care if they are offended by what I think of them. I'm a citizen, they aren't, I'll say and do what I want in MY country, F them. December 8, 2011 at 2:42 pm | Report abuse | Jim Right on, if they don't like it they can LEAVE. December 8, 2011 at 2:44 pm | Report abuse | Chase in Cali I'm with ya on this one 100% of the way. December 8, 2011 at 2:46 pm | Report abuse | DeeNYC &%(#$ the people are offended and &*(%$ their anchor babies too. December 8, 2011 at 2:41 pm | Report abuse | Wastrel It is offensive to me - not the words, but the idea. It should not be allowed. Send them all home. December 8, 2011 at 2:41 pm | Report abuse | BJ The term is not meant to insult a baby. It's not the baby's fault. It applies to the parents and how they may have gone outside the law to gain citizenship. December 8, 2011 at 2:41 pm | Report abuse | bette davis When you found out you were illegal, why didn't you go through the process to become legal. That's the issue at hand. Illegal immigrants, especially Latinos, Chicanos and others come to this country and have a baby so they can stay. While other immigrants follow the law and become citizens. Your family should be deported ASAP for being here illegally. Illegal immigrants take advantage of this country and Americans need to put stop to it NOW. December 8, 2011 at 2:41 pm | Report abuse | Jye Except for the fact that Chela IS LEGAL by birth, you are spot on with your statement. December 8, 2011 at 2:50 pm | Report abuse | awaysaway She is legal – she was born here. What are you talking about? December 8, 2011 at 2:52 pm | Report abuse | RichP Good lord, learn to read. She was born here. December 8, 2011 at 2:58 pm | Report abuse | WillH85 Its accurate, not offensive. But if it does offend people, how about we stop letting people get away with it and change the law? That way the word won't need to be used any more. December 8, 2011 at 2:40 pm | Report abuse | Brad ^ vote this guy into office! December 8, 2011 at 2:43 pm | Report abuse | brian OK. The ATF gives guns to the cartels. The DEA launders money to the cartels. The CIA helps disseminate crack cocaine, LSD, etc. in the US and protects the Afghan opium/heroin trade. Poor border security. It could only mean one thing: collusion between the US govt, drug cartels and corporations to profit from the drug and enforcement industry and drug the American people into submission. Negligent immigration policies to dilute the voting power of the American people. I find chemical dependency disgusting, but Americans should decide what they ingest. Legalize it! December 8, 2011 at 2:39 pm | Report abuse | Ken from FL Yet another example of political correctness run amuck. The last time I checked, the word anchor was not a derogatory term, but I guess American Heritage will have to change THAT definition to read something along the lines of "an offensive term used to describe an piece of metal or other material used to fix something in one spot." Drop out the word "offensive" in that last one, and you have the EXACT definition of an anchor baby. Are those who are offended by this term denying that the practice of giving birth in a country in which one is illegally living in an effort to avoid deportation DOES NOT OCCUR? If so, then might I suggest they need to check THEIR facts. December 8, 2011 at 2:39 pm | Report abuse | Grant Time to stop automatic citizenship for anchor babies. No rewards for those who break the law. December 8, 2011 at 2:39 pm | Report abuse | Tbone Wow get over it. Latino's work really hard cause they have to. Most of us white American wouldn't do those jobs anyway. December 8, 2011 at 2:36 pm | Report abuse | Brad I've dont them, and I didn't mind them at all. It's not that hard of work, it just pays crapy because why pay full price when you can have an illegal do it for cheaper. That whole, these are jobs Americans don't want is a bunch of BS. The truth is those jobs pay crap because they can get illegals to do it, period. Any buisness hiring illegals needs to be put out of buisness for illegal activity. Then we can get all these Americans out of work a job. December 8, 2011 at 2:46 pm | Report abuse | ndlily You need a qualifier. Most white Americans wouldn't do those jobs . . . because we have to live on the books rather than off of them and realize that a system that we haven't paid into can't be expected to support us. But whatever rationalization helps you sleep at night. December 8, 2011 at 2:52 pm | Report abuse | Integrity Could we not also argue that the "the system" in the US also reward teens and adult mothers, who have babies, but are unable to support them? Do we not give money to these parents, who are native citizens, for each baby they have? I am in support of ensuring that the babies and children receive proper care, but doesn't this system promote (or at least) support and ensure the continuation of this very problem? December 8, 2011 at 2:31 pm | Report abuse | zz Should we give those crazy baby-killing mothers/fathers their citizenship to immigrants and their babies who wants to be citizens? December 8, 2011 at 2:52 pm | Report abuse | gera The system itself (in the US) allows a person to request legal status in this country through a born citizen member of the family (children) Thus, it is not the illegal people's fault at all but the system. They are just living a normal life, including having kids like any other person. Please stop saying that they have babies to become legal in this country. It is the laws of this country that permits it. December 8, 2011 at 2:21 pm | Report abuse | Michelle JUST the fact that they cross the border illegally to have the baby, makes the action illegal. December 8, 2011 at 2:39 pm | Report abuse | Joe Spot on Michelle. Anchor baby is a four letter word. December 8, 2011 at 2:47 pm | Report abuse | RainyAlaska There is nothing obscene about the term "Anchor Baby". Illegal aliens come into this country, have a baby and use that child as an anchor to keep the whole family in this county. It's not a derogatory term, it's an apt phrase. It describes exactly what happens. Why is that offensive? Maybe a few people find it offensive because it's the truth. December 8, 2011 at 4:40 pm | Report abuse | gera Where is your outcry about businesses hiring illegally people (illegals), or landlords hiring illegal workers in the fields, or families hiring maids to clean their houses, or mowing the lawn. Perhaps next time you are going to start wondering about your kids having illegal friends (in school) Why is that when it comes to illegal aliens everybody cries only, but when it comes to the big picture everybody is quiet. December 8, 2011 at 2:56 pm | Report abuse | Drowlord Your whole argument is that it's possible to manipulate the system, therefore it isn't wrong to manipulate the system? I guess if it's possible to murder someone without leaving enough evidence for a conviction, then it's okay to murder someone in such a way. Nothing wrong with the murderer or the act of murder, of course, since it's the faulty system that causes the problem. December 8, 2011 at 3:00 pm | Report abuse | Integrity My heart goes out to you. Please see my comment below. As you can see, I don't blame you, I blame the drug dealers of Mexico (and the US), and I blame the corrupt leaders and military of Mexico. I also blame anyone who supports the corrupt, violent, and evil enterprise, by buying drugs in the US. These individuals feed upon and destroy all that is good, like parasites. The sad thing is, many people honor and respect the drug dealers and corrupt leaders–simeply because they're rich– when they should be despised by the entire world. December 8, 2011 at 2:20 pm | Report abuse | Steve Hey, Dave, Virtually impossible? go to any 7-11 in Northern VA on a Saturday/Sunday Morning, and you are inundated with Hispanics looking for day work. As to the matter at hand – the term is not offensive, nor racist – just an accurate description of what the situation is. December 8, 2011 at 2:17 pm | Report abuse | mecatfish Ahhhh, a different kind of 1% er December 8, 2011 at 2:15 pm | Report abuse | mecatfish I say make em all join the military, millions of them......Then invade Mexico. December 8, 2011 at 2:14 pm | Report abuse | Integrity It's sad that Mexico has been utterly corrupted and destroyed by drug traffickers, corrupt leaders, and other organized criminals. It’s sad that decent people (the poor and those not a part of the corrupt system) feel compelled to flee their native land. Those guilty of corruption (including the Mexican government and military) are largely responsible for this problem. The entire world should declare war against the corrupt elements of Mexico and should go after the drug traffickers, with a vengeance. The UN should consider invading Mexico, if necessary, in order to stamp out drug production and corruptionn in Mexico. December 8, 2011 at 2:11 pm | Report abuse | branko It is sad that all of this (drugs) has to do with the habits of american drug users, I say this because in the eyes of mos white americans all these Illegal immigranta are drug burriers. The illegals come here for the same dream your ancestors had is there anything wrong with that? they work jobs nobody wants, you thin a white american kid lets say 20years old would pick fruit for a living? I doubt it... December 8, 2011 at 4:30 pm | Report abuse | Tex Gritter They couldnt afford to pick fruit so cheaply. Mostly because they dont live 30 or 40 people to a house the way the illegals do in a town very near to mine. We all have INDIVIDUAL bills to pay...... December 8, 2011 at 5:22 pm | Report abuse | D Scott Day We cant Invade mexico they dont have oil only corruption and drug trafficers. and sorry but the term anchor baby is a right on the money definition. is it P.C. no but very accurrate and they dont work jobs no one wants they just drive down the wages we would be paid for the job. because most dont pay taxes so they will work for less and have more because they also dont buy auto insurance. wait until an illegal has a fender bender with you December 8, 2011 at 5:59 pm | Report abuse | MM?? Incorrect definition; Should not apply for cases when the father is a citizen or mother and father are legal residents. December 8, 2011 at 2:10 pm | Report abuse | Dean If they are so hardworking and so great why does their country suck so much that they want to leave it? December 8, 2011 at 2:05 pm | Report abuse | Sara Because America's demand for Mexico's drugs has created kingpins out of killers. I live in a border city. I used to go to Mexico all the time for leisure. The good, hard-working citizens of Mexico are being punished economically by the lack of tourists that support them because people are too afraid (rightfully) to visit a place where they are at risk of robbery, kidnapping, and even murder and torture by the drug cartels. Change the US drug policy and perhaps you will see some changes. December 8, 2011 at 2:48 pm | Report abuse | Benjamin Franklin Dean, you don't have to go too far to see that our own president sucks! Come on! December 8, 2011 at 5:43 pm | Report abuse | Conrad Shull I used to have great respect for the American Heritage Dictionary because it had the best etymologies and a great section in the back on Indo-European. But, when they removed the picture of Marilyn Monroe near the definition of decolletage, I stopped using their dictionary in feigned disgust. This story tells me I probably made the right decision. December 8, 2011 at 2:05 pm | Report abuse | BioHrzd420 Yes because the pictures are what make it a good dictionary.... December 8, 2011 at 3:20 pm | Report abuse | Ada Anyone caught employing an illegal should have their business seized and sold at auction to help cover any taxpayers money spent on the enforcement process. December 8, 2011 at 2:04 pm | Report abuse | I employ illegals I employ illegals. The job I have for them are meager jobs where ignorant Americans don't want it and even if they do join my business they either show up late or don't show up at all and need off constantly and grudge how they don't like the job. I tell them you are ignorant and don't have a college degree so there is no 9 to 5 white collar job waiting for you. The illegals produce SSN and I hire them and they are very loyal and prompt and no grudges. When I pay them taxes are taken out of their pay checks so I don't know why people keep saying they don't pay taxes. On the contrary they are denied lot of benefits that tax payers are granted even though they pay their taxes. So up yours to you. December 8, 2011 at 2:23 pm | Report abuse | Mike Speakman So you are admitting to be a criminal. You are a major part of the problem and should serve prison time for your offense and knowingly hiring criminals who abuse our system. Frankly I believe that you should face a firing squad. Anyone who legally immigrates to this country are more than welcome however I have no respect at all for those who come here illegally. December 8, 2011 at 2:39 pm | Report abuse | Tired of Stupid Mike Speakman, just so I understand your position, since Chela's mom gave birth to her on American soil, making her a legal citizen, you believe she is a criminal and, thus, should pay for it by being killed by a firing squad? Not only was she born here through no fault of her own, but she also went on to proudly serve this country's Navy. Despite all of this, you still feel she should die. You are a disgusting individual. Chela, thank you for your service to this country, and God bless! December 8, 2011 at 3:17 pm | Report abuse | awaysaway Ha – pretty strong talk and I think we can assume it is from someone who never started a business in their life. Nor have you struggled to keep alive your family business/farm against the influx of cheap imports. Although I am sure that you are happy to pay as little as possible for your groceries, building work, etc. December 8, 2011 at 2:58 pm | Report abuse | Integrity Sometimes the truth isn't pretty, and sometimes it hurts. December 8, 2011 at 2:03 pm | Report abuse | DwayneL What's offensive is all these illegal aliens breaking our laws to come to our country!!!! Deport them all! December 8, 2011 at 1:41 pm | Report abuse | Luis Okay – so it's not an "anchor baby" – how about "semi-illegal-socio-economic-dead-weight-to-America." December 8, 2011 at 1:41 pm | Report abuse | doug That's it Lou. At least you admit you are a rascist moron. You don't hide it. Thank you. December 8, 2011 at 1:38 pm | Report abuse | DrewMan It's the Truth! How can it be offensive? December 8, 2011 at 1:33 pm | Report abuse | I employ illegals yup you are right you incest bred red neck white pig...the truth hurts... December 8, 2011 at 2:25 pm | Report abuse | urmomlol December 8, 2011 at 2:39 pm | Report abuse | astuartgirl December 8, 2011 at 3:35 pm | Report abuse | urmomlol I guess the truth hurts. December 8, 2011 at 1:25 pm | Report abuse | JOSE0311USMC ANCHOR BABIES SHOULD NOT BE ALLOW TO BE U.S. CITIZEN'S...IF AN AMERICAN CITIZEN HAVE A BABY IN MEXICO, DOES THAT BABY BECOMES A MEXICAN CITIZEN ????ANYONE KNOW THE ANSWER ? I'M GOING TO SAY NO. December 8, 2011 at 1:10 pm | Report abuse | Lisa yes, it does. it actually has dual citizenship because one or both parents are from the US and it was born on Mexican soil. December 8, 2011 at 1:28 pm | Report abuse | Ken It should not though. I'ts laughable by today's standards and ease of travel. December 8, 2011 at 1:39 pm | Report abuse | Luis I doubt any self-respecting American would want theire kid born in Mexico let alone claim citizenship – but I could be wrong – we do have some really weird people in U.S.A these days. December 8, 2011 at 1:42 pm | Report abuse | Adam

i don't know

November 30, 2004 saw what Jeopardy! champion, who holds the record for the most consecutive wins on the show, lose to Nancy Zerg on his 75th appearance?

Ken Jennings’ ‘Jeopardy!’ Streak Ends | TVWeek Ken Jennings’ ‘Jeopardy!’ Streak Ends Nov 30, 2004  •  Post A Comment King World announced in a press release Tuesday that “Jeopardy!” contestant Ken Jennings’ 74-episode winning streak, the longest in TV history, has finally ended. The longest winning streak in game show history finally wrapped up when Mr. Jennings lost on Tuesday night’s show. After winning more than $2.5 million, Mr. Jennings finally met his match in Nancy Zerg, a Realtor from Ventura, Calif. With total cash winnings of $2,520,700, Mr. Jennings, 30, holds the record for most money won on a television game show as well as most victories. Ms. Zerg, a former actress, was one of 150 contestants who faced Mr. Jennings. Going into the Final Jeopardy! round of the show, Ms. Zerg trailed Mr. Jennings $14,400 to $10,000. But when she got the correct answer and Mr. Jennings stumbled, Ms. Zerg became the new champion. In the category “Business and Industry,” the contestants were asked to come up with a question that matched the answer, “Most of this firm’s 70,000 seasonal white-collar employees work only four months a year.” Ms. Zerg’s response of “What is H&R Block?” was correct, and brought her total to $14,401. Mr. Jennings incorrectly responded with “What is Fed Ex?” which dropped him to second place with $8,799. In his string of “Jeopardy!” appearances, which began June 2, Mr. Jennings gave more than 2,700 correct responses. On July 13 he broke the $1 million mark in cash winnings, and on Sept. 15 he broke the record for the longest winning streak on any game show in TV history, with a 43-show run. On Nov. 3 Mr. Jennings made history as the all-time top game show cash winner, amassing $2,197,000. Mr. Jennings became something of a media sensation over the course of several months, with appearances on late-night talk shows and hundreds of magazine and newspaper articles profiling the software engineer from Utah. The exposure helped drive “Jeopardy!’s” ratings: During the period Mr. Jennings appeared on “Jeopardy!,” ratings for the quiz show were up 22 percent over the same period the preceding year in the metered market overnight ratings. And for several weeks during the winning streak, “Jeopardy!” ranked as TV’s highest-rated syndicated program, according to Nielsen Media Research. The media are still showing interest in Mr. Jennings. The Nov. 30 episode of “Nightline” is devoted to Mr. Jennings and “Jeopardy!” and on Wednesday, Dec. 1, A&E’s “Biography” spotlights Mr. Jennings and other “Jeopardy!” champions. Mr. Jennings appears on “Late Show with David Letterman” on Tuesday as well. He is also scheduled for interviews on “Good Morning America” and “Live With Regis and Kelly” on Dec. 1. Mr. Jennings has also been selected by Barbara Walters for inclusion in her yearly ABC special as one of the “Ten Most Fascinating People of 2004.” Mr. Jennings is the first marathon “Jeopardy!” champion because of the show’s 2003 rule change that allows contestants to continue playing as long as they keep winning. Previously, champions were limited to five wins. “Jeopardy!” is produced by Sony Pictures Television and distributed domestically by King World Productions.

Ken Jennings

On December 1, 1955, who was famously arrested on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to obey bus driver James Blake's order to move to the back of the bus, sparking a year long boycott of the bus service?

Bobby's Blog from 94.5 Roxy Email Bobby at bob@krxy.com Tuesday 5.31.16 Morning Trivia: The first of these was produced on August 12th of 1908. On this date in 1927, after a production run of 15,007,003, the final one was completed. What are we talking about? After three consecutive losses to the Minnesota Twins, the Mariners erupted for nine runs after the fifth inning yesterday and blasted the San Diego Padres 9-3 at the Safe. Blanked through five innings while collecting only two hits, the Mariners erupted for four runs in the sixth and five in the eighth and crushed San Diego, snapping a three-game losing streak. Nathan Karns threw 6.2 largely effective innings, and Kyle Seager with a two-run shot and and Dae-Ho Lee with a three-run blast both banged long balls as Seattle rallied from a 2-0 deficit. Alas, it wasn't enough to propel the Ms back into first place as the Texas Rangers also won, knocking off the Cleveland Indians 9-2 and preserving their spot atop the AL West, ahead of the Mariners by half a game. The Mariners are 29-and-21 at the 50-game mark. A year ago after 50, the Mariners were 24-and-26 and 6.5 games behind in the AL West race. Up next, the Ms and Padres play the second of two at Safeco Field this afternoon. After today, the clubs play two more, but this time in San Diego, tomorrow and Thursday. Birthdays: Actor and director Clint Eastwood is 86; Peter from Peter, Paul & Mary, Peter Yarrow is 78; Cagney on Cagney & Lacey, actress Sharon Gless is 73; Broadway Joe, football's Joe Namath is 73; actor Tom Berenger is 67; actor and comedian Chris Elliot is 56; Caroline on Caroline in the City, actress Lea Thompson is 55; singer-songwriter Corey Hart is 54; rapper DMC of Run-DMC is 52; actress Brooke Shields is 51; and actor Colin Farrell is 40. Today is National Meditation Day. Today is World No-Tobacco Day, an annual awareness day sponsored by the World Health Organization since 1987 to highlight the health risks associated with tobacco use. Today is Survivor Day. The reality TV show premiered on this date in 2000. Today is What You Think Upon Grows Day. What you think upon grows is an Eastern truism, and it sums up the greatest and most fundamental of all the Laws of Mind. Whatever you allow to occupy your mind, you magnify in your life. Today is Save Your Hearing Day, a day that reminds us that our hearing is vital, and needs to be protected. Today is National Speak In Complete Sentences Day. This day is dedicated to using proper sentence structure while speaking. In fact, you could celebrate the day while texting as well. So no LOL, OMG, or ASAP today. Calendar notes: On this date in 1884, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg of Battle Creek, Michigan, patented "flaked cereal." In 1956, Buddy Holly was inspired to write That'll Be the Day after he saw the John Wayne movie The Searchers. In 1977, Emerson, Lake & Palmer kicked off an American tour accompanied by a 70-piece orchestra. It cost the band 200-thousand dollars a week to keep the circus on the road. In 1990, The Seinfeld Chronicles premiered as a summer series on NBC starring Jerry Seinfeld, Jason Alexander, Michael Richards, and Julia Louis-Dreyfus. The pilot had aired in the previous July. Renamed just plain Seinfeld, the show lasted nine years. In 2005, Mark Felt admitted that, while No. 2 man in the FBI, he was Deep Throat, the shadowy contact whose help to Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on the 1972 Watergate break-in led to President Richard Nixon's resignation. On TV tonight, the season premiere of America's Got Talent. Executive producer Simon Cowell joins the judges� table, to replace the departed Howard Stern. Back for the new season are Howie Mandel, Heidi Klum, Mel B and host Nick Cannon. The season begins with the auditions tonight on NBC. The defending NBA champion Golden State Warriors defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder 96-88 last night to advance to the NBA Finals. The Warriors and Cleveland Cavaliers play for the NBA title for the second year in a row. The series starts Thursday. Trivia Answer: The Ford Model T -- an automobile that was produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company from 1908 through 1927. The Model T set 1908 as the historic year that the automobile became popular. The Model T is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that opened travel to the common middle-class American; some of this was because of Ford's innovations, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting, as well as the concept of paying the workers a wage proportionate to the cost of the car, so they would provide a ready made market. The Ford Model T was named the world's most influential car of the twentieth century in an international poll. The Model T produced 20 hp with a top speed of 40-45 mph. The Model T had fuel economy on the order of 13 to 21 mpg. The engine was capable of running on gasoline, kerosene, or ethanol. Henry Ford said of the vehicle: I will build a car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for the individual to run and care for. It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces. Monday 5.30.16 Morning Trivia: He was a voice actor and comedian. Although he began his nearly six-decades-long career performing in radio commercials, he's best remembered for his work with Warner Bros. as the voices of Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pep� Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, the Tasmanian Devil and many of the other characters from the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoons, during the Golden age of American animation. He later worked for Hanna-Barbera's television cartoons, most notably as the voices of Barney Rubble in The Flintstones and Mr. Spacely in The Jetsons. Who was he? Not a good weekend for the Mariners. Joe Mauer and Miguel Sano both homered in all three games of the set between the Minnesota Twins and the Ms, and the Twins polished off a three-game sweep of the Seattle Mariners with a 5-4 victory yesterday. The losses knocked Seattle out of first place in the AL West. They now trail the Texas Rangers by half a game. Mariners shortstop Ketel Marte took batting practice in the cage yesterday. He said he feels back to normal after suffering a sprained left thumb last weekend in Cincinnati. Marte is expected to play four games with Triple-A Tacoma beginning tomorrow and be activated from the disabled list on June 6th. Up next for the Ms, more interleague play. They host the San Diego Padres in a two-games here and two-game there set starting this afternoon. Birthdays: NFL Hall of Famer Gale Sayers is 73; singer Wynonna Judd is 52; and rapper, singer, and Voice coach Thomas DeCarlo Callaway, better known as Cee Lo Green, is 42. Today is Memorial Day. According to HistoryChannel.com, Memorial Day was originally known as Decoration Day because it was a time set aside to honor the nation's Civil War dead by decorating their graves. It was first widely observed on May 30th of 1868 to commemorate the sacrifices of Civil War soldiers. During the first celebration of Decoration Day, General James Garfield made a speech at Arlington National Cemetery, after which five-thousand participants helped to decorate the graves of the more than 20-thousand Union and Confederate soldiers buried in the cemetery. By the late 1800s, many communities across the country had begun to celebrate Memorial Day and, after World War I, observances also began to honor those who had died in all of America's wars. In 1971, Congress declared Memorial Day a national holiday to be celebrated on the last Monday in May. Today, Memorial Day is celebrated at Arlington National Cemetery with a ceremony in which a small American flag is placed on each grave. Memoriaal Day Facts: It is believed that the holiday was chosen to be in May because flowers would be in bloom all over the country. The holiday was originally known as Decoration Day to allow the decoration of graves with flowers and flags. The original Memorial Day was originally set as May 30th, but was changed to the last Monday of the month in 1971. In 1966, Congress and President Lyndon Johnson declared Waterloo, New York, the birthplace of Memorial Day. It was not until after World War I that the day was expanded to honor those who have died in all American wars. New York was the first state to recognize Memorial Day as a legal holiday in 1873. The crowd attending the first Memorial Day ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery was approximately the same size as those who attend today's observance, about five-thousand people. On Memorial Day the Third US Infantry plants flags in front of the tombstones of every soldier in Arlington National Cemetery. That's over 260,000 graves. The National Moment of Remembrance encourages all Americans to pause wherever they are at 3 PM local time on Memorial Day for a minute of silence to remember and honor those who have died in service to the nation. Today is Loomis Day. Loomis Day commemorates Mahlom Loomis, who patented his wireless telegraphing inventions on May 30th of 1872 (while working as a dentist in Washington DC). He had actually claimed to have succeeded in wireless telegraphy some six years earlier, though with no witnesses present to see this, May 30th is one of the earliest official recognitions of his triumph. Today is National Water a Flower Day. Be sure to keep your flowers hydrated. Calendar notes: On this date in 1911, Indianapolis hosted its first long-distance auto race. Ray Harroun was the winner at an average speed of 74.59 miles an hour. In 1967, daredevil Evel Knievel jumped 16 automobiles in a row in a motorcycle stunt at Ascot Speedway in Gardena, California. In 1981, the compact disc was first introduced. In 1992, Paul Simon and Edie Brickell were married on Long Island, New York. In 1996, Britain's Prince Andrew and the former Sarah Ferguson were granted an uncontested decree ending their 10-year marriage. In 2006, the FBI said it had found no trace of missing labor leader Jimmy Hoffa after digging up a suburban Detroit horse farm. In 2012, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced the Portion Cap Rule. The proposed amendment to the city health code would have required that food service establishments limit the size of sugary beverages to 16 ounces. On June 26th of 2014, the New York Court of Appeals ruled that the New York City Board of Health had exceeded the scope of its regulatory authority. X-Men: Apocalypse and Alice Through the Looking Glass squared off over Memorial Day weekend, but both blockbuster hopefuls emerged bruised from this box office clash of the titans. The latest X-Men adventure easily topped the weekend, earning an estimated $65 million. It's on pace to pull in over $76 million over the four-day spell. That's a solid start, but a significant drop off from the $110.5 million that the previous film, X-Men: Days of Future Past, racked up over the 2014 Memorial Day holiday. Things were much bleaker for Alice Through the Looking Glass. The follow-up to 2010's Alice in Wonderland, which racked up more than $1 billion during its run, stumbled out of the gate, bombing with $28.1 million and a projected $35 milllion over the four-day period. That's a disastrous start for a film with a $170 million production budget. The fantasy adventure will try to staunch the bleeding overseas, where Alice Through the Looking Glass grossed an estimated $65 million from such major territories as Italy, Russia, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Brazil. Alice's opening is bad news for Johnny Depp, whose star has waned in recent years, its luster diminished by flops such as Mortdecai and Transcendence. The actor was in the headlines over the weekend after his wife Amber Heard filed for divorce, alleging abuse. So, X-Men at number one, Alice through the Looking Glass at number two. The Angry Birds Movie took third place. In fourth place, Captain America: Civil War. Neighbor's 2: Sorority Rising rounded out the top five. A new era for the Indianapolis 500 arrived in the form of a most unfamiliar driver. An American, no less. Alexander Rossi outlasted his faster rivals -- and his fuel tank -- for a stunning victory Sunday in the historic 100th running of The Greatest Spectacle In Racing. The unlikely win allowed the long-suffering Andretti family to celebrate in the biggest race of their storied careers and it left the top drivers in the field fuming over Rossi's good fortune. Rossi was a 66-to-1 long shot and certainly not the driver anyone would have picked to win. But the 24-year-old Californian used fuel strategy to outsmart a handful of drivers who had the most dominant cars in the race. Rossi stretched his final tank of gas 90 miles to cycle into the lead as others had to duck into the pits for a splash of fuel in the waning laps. He was sputtering on the final lap, working his clutch and getting screamed at by team co-owner Bryan Herta to conserve fuel, and he ultimately ran out of gas after taking the checkered flag. His victory celebration came only after his Honda was towed to the party. He sat in the car for some time before climbing out to take that sweet sip of milk. He said, "I have no idea how we pulled that off. I really was focused on taking it one lap at a time. The emotional roller-coaster of this race is ridiculous. There were moments I was really stoked, really heartbroken, really stoked. I was like, `Wow, I'll need to see a psychiatrist after this.'" Rossi? Not many know much about him at all. He's an IndyCar rookie who has chased a ride in Formula One since he was 10. He left for Europe when he was 16 and never pursued a career in American open-wheel racing. But stuck without a ride this year, he made the decision to return to the United States to race and became the ninth rookie to win the 500. Rossi understood full well that it was strategy that got him this win, and he knows what an Indy 500 victory means. He said, "I have no doubt it's going to change my life." He was lured back to America this year to drive for Herta in a partnership with Andretti Autosport. Herta was the winning car owner in 2011 with Dan Wheldon. This Herta effort relied heavily on its alliance with Andretti. Michael Andretti earlier this month was voted by the 27 living winners as the best driver never to win the race, but he has now won the 500 four times as a car owner. In front of the first sellout in Indy 500 history, Rossi stunned the more than 350,000 fans in attendance. Trivia Answer: Melvin Jerome Blanc -- Mel Blanc -- who was born on this date in 1908. He died on July 10th of 1989 at the age of 81. Blanc is regarded as the most prolific voice actor in the history of the industry. He was the first voice actor to get credit in the ending credits. Blanc's death was considered a significant loss to the cartoon industry because of his skill, expressive range, and sheer volume of continuing characters he portrayed, which are currently taken up by several other voice talents. Movie critic Leonard Maltin once pointed out, "It is astounding to realize that Tweety Bird and Yosemite Sam are the same man." Blanc's will stated his desire to have the inscription on his gravestone read, "THAT'S ALL FOLKS" (the phrase was a trademark of the character Porky Pig, for whom Blanc provided the voice). It does. Friday 5.27.16 Morning Trivia: He's a retired basketball player. He played his entire professional career for the NBA's Los Angeles Lakers. It's his silhouette that's been incorporated into the NBA logo. Who is he? The American League West-leading Mariners are looking to keep it rolling when they host a Minnesota Twins team that is running last in the AL Central. The teams meet in a three-game series that begins tonight at Safeco. Seattle ace Felix Hernandez is set to start in the series opener. It's the first meeting between the two teams this year after the Twins took four of seven against the Mariners last season. First pitch is tonight at 7:10. Birthdays: Former Secretary of State during Richard Nixon's administration, Henry Kissinger is 93; musician Ramsey Lewis is 81; actress Lee Meriwether is 81; actor Louis Gossett, Jr. is 80; singer-songwriter Bruce Cockburn is 71; from Siouxsie and the Banshees, singer Siouxsie Sioux is 59; from Crowded House and Split Enz, singer and guitarist Neil Finn is 58; Roz on Frasier, actress Peri Gilpin is 55; Willis on Diff'rent Strokes, actor Todd Bridges is 51; and from Outkast, Andre 3000 is 41. Jennifer Aniston's mother, Nancy Dow, has died. Aniston tells People magazine in a statement that her mom "passed peacefully surrounded by family and friends after enduring a long illness." Dow was a model who acted on television in the 1960s, including appearances on The Beverly Hillbillies and The Wild Wild West. Aniston told The Hollywood Reporter last year that her relationship with her mother was strained at times, saying there were years when they didn't talk. Nancy Dow was 79. As Baz Luhrmann once said, "If I could offer you only one tip for the future, sunscreen would be it." Today is Sun Screen Day -- a day to educated and bring awareness to the importance of using sunscreen to protect yourself and your children from harmful UV rays from the sun. The day is held on May 27th, just in advance of the summer and vacation season. The Pop-Up Toaster was released on this date in 1918. Calendar notes: On this date in 1927, the Ford Motor Company ceased manufacture of the Ford Model T and began to retool plants to make the Ford Model A. In 1930, Richard Gurley Drew received a patent for his adhesive tape, later manufactured by 3M as Scotch tape. In 1933, Walt Disney's Three Little Pigs was first released. In 1937, in California, the Golden Gate Bridge opened to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between San Francisco and Marin County. In 1968, Major League Baseball's National League awarded Montreal the first franchise in Canada and the first franchise outside the United States (the Montreal Expos). In 1968, after 48 years as coach of the Chicago Bears, George Halas retired. In 1969, construction of Walt Disney World began in Florida. In 1986, Dragon Quest, the game credited as setting the template for role-playing video games, was released in Japan. In 1987, during a U2 concert in Rome, the sound system was so loud, emergency services was flooded with calls from local residents who thought they were being hit by an earthquake. In 1995, in Culpeper, Virginia, the actor Christopher Reeve was paralyzed from the neck down after falling from his horse in a riding competition. In 1998, Charlie Sheen was admitted to a hospital in Los Angeles for a drug overdose. In its continued efforts to reinvent the taco shell, Taco Bell is now producing a chalupa wrapped in fried chicken. They call it the Naked Chicken Chalupa, which is the latest in Taco Bell's string of weird taco shells, which have included a Doritos shell and a waffle-wrapped breakfast taco. According to Buzzfeed, Taco Bell has been testing the new mash-up since September in Bakersfield, California -- then took it to Kansas City in April -- and is prepping it for its nationwide debut. It was reportedly inspired by the KFC Double Down sandwich, a bacon sandwich that replaced buns with chicken. The fried chicken shell in this so-called chalupa is stuffed with vegetables, cheese and avocado ranch. Yet somehow consumers who have tested the product find it "healthy." Okay. Baseball icon Derek Jeter is reportedly tying the knot with model Hannah Davis in Napa Valley, California this summer. The New York Yankees star, who retired in 2014, popped the question to the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit beauty last year after dating on and off since 2012. Now, according to the New York Daily News, the couple is preparing to wed in early July, with rumours suggesting the nuptials are set to take place over 4th of July. Meanwhile, Gwyneth Paltrow and Chris Martin are officially divorced, according to a report. The actress and the Coldplay frontman announced their "conscious uncoupling" in March of 2014 and Gwyneth subsequently filed to legally end their marriage. According to Eonline.com, the two parties have since agreed to give up rights to spousal support and are now officially single again. Despite their split, Chris and Gwyneth have remained close and insist their focus remains on their two children, Apple and Moses. The family recently enjoyed a trip to Peru in April, when Moses marked turning 10 by joining his dad onstage, while the former couple also spent a day at Disneyland together earlier this month to celebrate Apple's 12th birthday. If you've got a box of old photos in the closet, spend some time scanning them with a new app called Unfade that makes scanning, touchup and storage of old photographs easy. All you do is tap a button to start scanning, and then point your iPhone camera at printed photos one at a time. Trivia Answer: Jerry West who turns 78 tomorrow. He is the only player in NBA history to be named Finals MVP despite being on the losing team -- that happened in 1969. West was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 1980 and voted as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA history in 1996. Thursday 5.26.16 Morning Trivia: She's a singer-songwriter. She joined the band she's a famous part of at the end of 1974. Her solo career began in 1981. The two between them, have produced over forty Top 50 hits and sold over 140 million albums. After the release of her first solo album, Rolling Stone deemed her The Reigning Queen of Rock and Roll. Having overcome cocaine addiction and dependency on tranquilizers, she remains a popular solo performer. As a solo artist, she has garnered eight Grammy Award nominations and, with her band, has a further five nominations. As a member of her band, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. Who is she? First baseman Adam Lind, another low-profile, off-season pickup, was the hero last night at Safeco in a 13-3 win over the A's, giving the Mariners the ninth series win over their past 11. Lind hit two home runs and drove in six runs as Seattle maintained its 1�-game lead over the Rangers atop the AL West. At 28-and-18, the Ms are sporting the fourth-best record in MLB. Having already tied the score 1-1 with a solo homer in the second inning, Lind added his second, a three-run shot, in Seattle�s six-run third inning for a 7-1 lead. Lind was 4-for-4, but just about everyone contributed as the Mariners established season highs in hits with 17 and runs with 13. Catcher Chris Iannetta was the only starting player who didn�t get a hit. Tuesday night's hero -- he of the walkoff homer in the ninth -- Leonys Martin came out of last night's game in the third inning. He strained his hamstring and is listed as day-to-day. An off day today allows the Mariners to recharge before another struggling team comes to Safeco Field. The 12-and-34 Minnesota Twins are up next. The three-game series begins tomorrow night with Felix Hernandez scheduled to start. Birthdays: Sportscaster Brent Musburger is 77; the drummer for The Guess Who and Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Garry Peterson is 71; Tubbs on Miami Vice, actor Philip Michael Thomas is 67; singer Hank Williams Jr. is also 67; comedian Bobcat Goldthwait is 54; singer Lenny Kravitz is 52; South Park co-creator Matt Stone is 45; singer-songwriter Lauren Hill is 41; and the first son of Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale, Kingston Rossdale is 10. Today is Sally Ride Day, a day that honors the first American woman to go into space. Dr. Ride accomplished this feat as a mission specialist aboard STS-7, the second flight of the Space Shuttle Challenger. Calendar notes: On this date in 1896, Charles Dow published the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. In 1897, Dracula, a novel by the Irish author Bram Stoker, was published. In 1938, the House Un-American Activities Committee began its first session. In 1959, the word Frisbee became a registered trademark of Wham-O. In 1969, Apollo 10 returned to Earth after a successful eight-day test of all the components needed for the at the time forthcoming first manned moon landing. In 1973, Deep Purple's single Smoke On The Water was released. In 1978, the first legal casino in the Eastern US opened in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In 1994, Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley were married in the Dominican Republic. They were divorced in January of 1996. In 1998, the Supreme Court ruled that Ellis Island, the historic gateway for millions of immigrants, is mainly in the state of New Jersey, not New York. In 2004, Terry Nichols was found guilty of 161 state murder charges for helping carry out the Oklahoma City bombing. Johnny Depp and Amber Heard are heading for divorce. The actress has filed to end the couple's one-year marriage, citing irreconcilable differences and asking for spousal support. The couple wed in February of 2015, just over a year after Johnny asked Amber to be his wife. The court documents suggest Johnny and Amber separated on May 22nd, just two days after Johnny's mother died. The couple met on the set of the 2011 movie The Rum Diary. She has not been by Johnny's side as he promotes his new movie Alice Through the Looking Glass, which hits cinemas tomorrow but no one saw the split coming. Johnny was asked about the whereabouts of his wife at the premiere in Hollywood earlier this week but he simply brushed off the questions by explaining she was working. This was Amber's first marriage, while Johnny was previously wed from 1983 to 1986, and enjoyed a lengthy romance with French actress and singer Vanessa Paradis, the mother of his two children. Sources say the couple did not have a prenup. He's 52. She's 30. On TV tonight, the 89th Annual Scripps National Spelling Bee. ESPN airs the finals of the national championship tonight. The last two Bees ended in a tie, so a new format this year makes it more difficult for spellers in the final rounds. Former Saved by the Bell star Dustin Diamond is back in jail in Wisconsin after an official says he violated the terms of his parole. Jail records show Diamond, who was recently released after serving time for disorderly conduct and concealed-weapon convictions, was arrested yesterday. The 39-year-old Diamond was convicted in Wisconsin last year on the charges stemming from a 2014 bar room brawl. He was released in April. Diamond played Screech on the 1990s TV show. Trivia Answer: Stephanie Lynn Nicks -- Stevie Nicks -- who turns 68 today. Nicks joined Fleetwood Mac on December 31st of 1974, along with her then-boyfriend Lindsey Buckingham. Fleetwood Mac's second album after the incorporation of Nicks and Buckingham, 1977's Rumours, produced four US Top 10 singles (including Nicks' song Dreams, which was the band's first and only US number one) and remained at #1 on the American albums chart for 31 weeks, as well as reaching the top spot in various countries around the world. To date the album has sold over 40 million copies worldwide. Nicks began her solo career in 1981 with the 8 million selling album Bella Donna. She has released a total of eight solo studio albums to date, with her most recent titled 24 Karat Gold: Songs from the Vault, was released in October of 2014. Nicks is known for her distinctive voice, mystical visual style, and symbolic lyrics. During her solo career, she has had a close working relationship with Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers. They would serve as a backing band for several tracks on each of her solo albums, and the two have toured and performed together frequently over the past three decades. The song Stop Draggin' My Heart Around, performed by Nicks and Petty, was one of the biggest hits for either artist. Wednesday 5.25.16 Morning Trivia: This filmmaker, puppeteer, and actor began his career as a puppeteer. He performed the Muppet characters of Miss Piggy and Fozzie Bear in The Muppet Show, and Cookie Monster, Bert, and Grover in Sesame Street. Who is he? Two outs, two strikes, so what? The Mariners� season provided its most impressive moment yet when Leonys Martin beat the Oakland A�s with a two-run, walk-off home run in the ninth inning last night. Martin crushed a pitch over the right field fence for the 6-5 win. Martin�s ninth homer of the season was his most impressive as a Mariner. It was, in his words, "the best feeling I�ve had in baseball." The Ms and As match up again tonight as the Mariners go for the series win tonight. Hisashi Iwakuma gets the start tonight at 7:10. Birthdays: Author W.P. Kinsella who wrote the Book Shoeless Joe which was adapted into the movie Field of Dreams is 81 today; ssinger/songwriter Tom T.Hall is 80; Gandalf in the Lord of the Rings trilogy, actor Sir Ian McKellen is 77; Waylon Jennings widow, singer/aongwriter Jessi Colter is 73; actress and singer Leslie Uggams is also 73; actress Karen Valentine, best known for her work on Room 222, is 69; actress Connie Sellecca is 61; Austin Powers, actor and comedian Mike Myers is 53; actress Anne Heche is 47; Carrie Ingalls on Little House on the Prairie, actresses Sidney and Lindsay Greenbush are 46; and actor and comedian Demetri Martin is 43. Today is National Missing Children�s Day, a day to focus on the 2,300 children that will be reported missing in America today (and every day). National Missing Children's Day is an annual observation in the United States designed to highlight the problem of child abduction. It was May 25th in 1979, that six-year-old New Yorker Ethan Patz disappeared on his way to school. Visit childfindofamerica.org. Today is National Wine Day. Today is National Tap Dance Day, marking the birth of Bill "Bojangles" Robinson in Richmond, Virginia, on this date in 1878. Today is Star Wars Day. The Los Angeles City Council declared May 25th of 2007, as Star Wars Day, in honor of the anniversary release date of Star Wars. A separate initiative for observing Geek Pride Day on May 25th is based on the Star Wars connection. The original Star Wars film opened in 32 theaters on this date in 1977. May the Force be with you. Calendar notes: On this date in 1935, Babe Ruth, playing for the Boston Braves, hit home runs 713 and 714 at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, his final home runs. It was a record that stood for 39 years. In 1961, President John Kennedy asked the US. to work toward putting a man on the moon by the end of the decade. In 1968, The Rolling Stones released Jumping Jack Flash. Also in 1968, St. Louis dedicated its trademark Gateway Arch, part of the city's Jefferson National Expansion Memorial. In 1970, Boeing Computer Services was founded. In 1973, Mike Oldfield released his Tubular Bells LP. The title track would later become the theme for the movie The Exorcist. In 1974, Pam Morrison, Jim Morrison's widow, died of a drug overdose. In 1977, the movie Star Wars opened in US movie theaters. It set a new box office record that stood until Titanic in 1999. In 1978, Keith Moon performed with the Who for the last time. In 1986, approximately 7 million Americans participated in Hands Across America. In 1992, Jay Leno became the new host of The Tonight Show, replacing Johnny Carson, who had hosted the late-night talk show for 29 years. A Pennsylvania judge yesterday ruled that Bill Cosby must stand trial in the case of a woman who accused the comedian of sexually assaulting her a dozen years ago. Cosby appeared in court yesterday after an application to delay the case against him was denied Monday. This could be the first time in years that Cosby comes face-to-face with his accuser, Andrea Constand. She didn't appear in court yesterday. Constandvis a former Temple University employee. She claimed in 2005 that the year before, Cosby sexually assaulted her after giving her pills and wine, which rendered her unresponsive. Cosby was deposed in 2005, and his comments were publicly released last year. In those statements, he allegedly admitted to giving Quaaludes to one woman in the past, but described his encounter with Constand as consensual. Cosby's legal team has repeatedly denied the sexual allegations against him. The National Football League announced the sites for Super Bowls 53, 54, and 55 yesterday during the owners' meetings in Charlotte, North Carolina. Atlanta is hosting the Super Bowl for the 2019 season, South Florida will host in 2020, and Super Bowl 55 will be in Los Angeles for 2021. All three of the cities have upgraded their stadiums or will have new stadiums in time for the hosting gigs. Los Angeles will be hosting a Super Bowl for the first time since 1993 as the relocated Los Angeles Rams will be in the new Inglewood stadium scheduled to open in 2019. South Florida last hosted a Super Bowl in 2010 and Atlanta last hosted the game in 2000. The Seattle Seahawks continue to be pegged as one of the NFL's premier franchises heading into the 2016 season, with pundits lauding the overall talent of their roster and highlighting the strengths of their key players and coaching staff. The praise isn't universal, but it's become clear that the Seahawks will once again be among the favorites to take the NFC West crown -- online sports book Bovada listed them as favorites to take the division in their opening divisional odds yesterday -- and perhaps advance to their third Super Bowl in four seasons. Trivia Answer: Frank Oz who turns 72 today. He is also known for being the puppeteer and voice of Yoda in the Star Wars films. His work as a director includes Little Shop of Horrors in 1986, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels in 1988), What About Bob? in 1991, In & Out in 1997, Bowfinger in 1999, The Score in 2001, and Death at a Funeral in 2007. In addition to performing a variety of characters, Oz has been one of the primary collaborators responsible for the development of the Muppets over the last 30 years. Tuesday 5.24.16 Morning Trivia: This singer-songwriter and musician has been a major figure in popular music for five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s when he was at first an informal chronicler, and later an apparently reluctant figurehead of social unrest. A number of his songs such as Blowin' in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin' became anthems for the civil rights and anti-war movements. Who is he? Home, bittersweet home. An anemic offense and two eighth-inning errors from shortstop Chris Taylor doomed the Mariners, whose four-game winning streak came to a halt by way of a 5-0 loss to the Oakland A's last night. Taijuan Walker was cruising for most of the night and had the Mariners trailing 1-0 heading into the eighth inning. A routine ground ball to Taylor resulted in two bases when the recent call-up threw the ball into the stands. Three batters later, after the Oakland lead had swelled to 2-0, Taylor misfired to first again for a four-run eighth. They'll try again. Ms and As tonight at 7:10 at Safeco. Birthdays: Former football coach Jim Mora is 81; Actor and comedian Tommy Chong -- the Chong of Cheech & Chong -- is 78; Radar O'Reilly on M*A*S*H, actor Gary Burghoff is 73; singer Patti LaBelle is 72; actress Priscilla Presley is 71; guitarist Waddy Wachtel is 69; Johnny Cash�s daughter, singer Rosanne Cash is 61; actor John C. Reilly is 51; and from The Black Crowes, guitarist Rich Robinson is 47. Today is Brother's Day, a celebration of brotherhood for biological brothers, fraternity brothers and brothers bonded by union affiliation or lifetime experiences. Today is International Tiara Day, a day for women to celebrate their leadership powers in their own lives. Real or virtual tiara wearing is optional. Today is Thelma & Louise Day. The movie premiered on this date in 1991. It�s National Escargot Day. The approved way of celebrating National Escargot Day is by eating a plate of Escargots. Considered a delicacy by some, others find the thought of feasting on snails as just too yucky. For those who can't bring themselves and their stomachs to the table, it�s suggested you give Escargot gift certificates to family and friends. In Canada, today is Victoria Day, held in honor of Queen Victoria to celebrate the birthday of the popular, long reigning queen of England. It is celebrated in England, Canada, and other former British colonies and territories. Queen Victoria's 63 year reign of the huge global British Empire, was the longest of all monarchs. Calendar notes: On this date in 1970, Peter Green quit Fleetwood Mac. In 1982, Mrs. Christina Samane gave birth to a 22-pound 8-ounce son in Transkei, South Africa, the heaviest baby ever born. According to Guinness, the child weighed 77 pounds at 16 months and 112 pounds at age 5. In 1988, snow fell on the Syrian Desert and Damascus had ten hours of snowfall for the first time in 50 years. In 1998, Philadelphia mayor Ed Rendell proclaimed May 24th Van Halen Day in Philadelphia. In 1999, boxer Mike Tyson was released from a Rockville, Maryland, jail after serving 3� months behind bars for assaulting two motorists after a fender-bender. In 2003, Paul McCartney had tea with Russian Premier Vladimir Putin. McCartney then played a show for 20-thousand fans in Moscow's Red Square. In 2005, Ozzy and Sharon Osbourne put the Beverly Hills house that was featured in their reality hit The Osbournes up for sale. Kelly Hoggan, the Transportation Security Administration's head of security, has been removed from his post, according to an internal memo and the House Oversight Committee. Even after TSA failed to catch fake bombs and banned weapons smuggled through checkpoints by undercover investigators, Hoggan received bonuses totaling $90,000, causing widespread outrage among lawmakers. Deputy Assistant Administrator Darby LaJoye will temporarily take Hoggan�s place, according to the TSA internal memo. LaJoye will take the reins as the TSA grapples with long lines and a stagnant workforce nationwide. A Pennsylvania judge today ordered Bill Cosby to stand trial on accusations of sexual assault, the most serious setback so far for a man who epitomized the all-American dad on the 1980s sitcom The Cosby Show. A trial date has not yet been set. Cosby faces up to 10 years in prison if convicted of the most serious charge against him, aggravated indecent assault. Counter-programming at its ugliest. A pair of season finales coming up tonight. Dancing with the Stars on ABC and The Voice on NBC. Both at 9:00. Then there's the Florida man has been arrested after authorities say he sent a woman approximately 118 text messages over a span of eight hours. Thirty-four-year-old William Thomas Hardaway was taken in to police custody after the woman couldn�t take the alleged harassment any longer. Trivia Answer: He was born Robert Allen Zimmerman but we know him as Bob Dylan. He turns 75 today. Since 1994, Dylan has published three books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a songwriter and musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records worldwide and received numerous awards over the years including Grammy, Golden Globe, and Academy Awards; he has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a special citation for "his profound impact on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of extraordinary poetic power." In May 2000, Dylan was awarded the Polar Music Prize. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama. He has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. Monday 5.23.16 Morning Trivia: He's a game show contestant and author. He's noted for holding the record for the longest winning streak on Jeopardy! and as the second highest-earning contestant in game show history. Who is he? We're still trying to figure out who these guys are. The Mariners rallied from deficits of 3-nuttin' and 4-2 and completed a sweep of the Cincinnati Reds yesterday with a 5-4 victory. Down two runs, Seattle scored three times in the fifth, capping the surge with a Steve Clevenger RBI single, and finished its six-game road trip 5-and-1 while extending its winning streak to four. The Mariners also maintained their 1.5-game margin over Texas in the AL West. Although dinged for four early runs, Seattle starter Wade Miley regrouped and notched his fifth win in his past six decisions. The Mariners won in comeback fashion for the 10th time this season and ran their road record to 18-7, best in the American League. The Mariners yesterday recalled infielder Chris Taylor from AAA Tacoma and placed short stop Ketel Marte on the 15-day disabled list with a sprained left thumb. Marte suffered the injury Saturday during a steal of second base. The Ms are now back home. The Mariners and Oakland Athletics begin a three-game series at Safeco tonight with the first pitch scheduled for 7:10. Birthdays: Actress Joan Collins is 83; Jim on Murphy Brown, actor Charles Kimbrough is 80; Baltimore Orioles manager Buck Showalter is 60; comedian and part owner of the Seattle Sounders, Drew Carey is 58; model Karen Duffy is 54; singer Maxwell -- his full name is Gordon Maxwell Rivera -- is 43; and singer Jewel is 42. The former drummer for Megadeth, Nick Menza, died after collapsing on stage during a performance of his progressive jazz trio in Southern California, according to a family spokesman yesterday. Menza's latest band OHM was three songs into a semi-regular set at a Los Angeles-area club Saturday night when the drummer collapsed. Friends and audience members rendered aid while paramedics were called. The 51-year-old died at the club of a suspected massive heart attack. Menza was Megadeth's longest-serving drummer, performing on five records over nine years, including 1990's thrash metal landmark, Rust In Peace. Today is National Taffy Day. It's World Turtle Day. The purpose of which is to bring attention to, and increase knowledge of and respect for, turtles and tortoises, and encourage human action to help them survive and thrive. Today is Moog Day, marking the birth on this date in 1934 of Robert Moog. He built the first successful music synthesizer. The first Moog album, Switched On Bach, became a best-seller in 1968. Today is Lucky Penny Day. See a penny pick it up, all day long you'll have good luck. Calendar notes: On this date in 1908, part of the Great White Fleet arrived in Puget Sound. The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a circumnavigation of the globe from December 16th of 1907, to February 22nd of 1909, by order of President Theodore Roosevelt as a show of strength of the US Navy. The hulls of these ships were painted a stark white, giving the armada the nickname the Great White Fleet. In 1962, the NBA agreed to allow the Philadelphia Warriors to become the San Francisco Warriors. Later, they became the Golden State Warriors. In 1977, Golden Gate Park in San Francisco called off a Jefferson Starship concert because the park had banned electronic instruments. In 1979, Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers, without a record contract, filed for bankruptcy. In 1984, Tina Turner released her album Private Dancer. In 1995, the first version of the Java programming language was released. In 2013, the Interstate 5 bridge over the Skagit River collapsed up in Mount Vernon. The Angry Birds Movie has flown to victory at the US box office with a $39 million opening weekend, handily topping Captain America: Civil War and Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising. The launch for the animated avian tale performed in line with forecasts as did the third weekend of Captain America with $33.1 million for a second place finish. Neighbors 2 finished in third with a solid $21.8 million. Fourth place went to the opening of the action-comedy The Nice Guys, Disney's seventh weekend of its surprise blockbuster The Jungle Book finished a close fifth. The upcoming Memorial Weekend will boast two solid wide release newcomers with X-Men: Apocalypse and Alice Through the Looking Glass. Each is expected to perform well. Has Daniel Craig shaken his last martini as James Bond? The Daily Mail claims Craig -- the highest paid actor to play the British super-spy -- has turned down a monster payday to reprise the role. Sources claim Craig was offered about $100 million and a producer credit to star in two more films. Craig has previously said he wasn't interested in returning as Bond, citing the physical toll the role has taken. "I'd rather slit my wrists," he told an interviewer in 2015. Craig said he's had his right shoulder reconstructed and surgeries in both knees as a result of playing James Bond. Craig's four Bond films have netted about $2 billion at the box office and are considered to have reignited the iconic franchise. The 2016 Billboard Music Awards: Top Artist: Adele Top Country Artist: Luke Bryan Top Rock Artist: Twenty One Pilots Top Latin Artist: Romeo Santos Top Dance/Electronic Artist: David Guetta Top Christian Artist: ?Hillsong United Top Gospel Artist: Kirk Franklin Top Soundtrack: Pitch Perfect 2 Top R&B Album: The Weeknd, Beauty Behind the Madness Top Rap Album: Meek Mill, Dreams Worth More Than Money Top Country Album: Chris Stapleton, Traveller Top Rock Album: Twenty One Pilots, Blurryface Top Latin Album: Juan Gabriel, Los D�o Top Dance/Electronic Album: ?Zedd, True Colors Top Christian Album: Lauren Daigle, How Can It Be Top Gospel Album: Kirk Franklin, Losing My Religion Top Selling Song: Adele, �Hello� Top Radio Song: Walk the Moon, �Shut Up and Dance� Top Streaming Song (Audio): The Weeknd, �The Hills� Top Streaming Song (Video): ?Silent�, �Watch Me� Top Rap Song: Wiz Khalifa ft. Charlie Puth, �See You Again� Top Rock Song: Walk the Moon, �Shut Up And Dance� Top Latin Song: Nicky Jam & Enrique Iglesias, �El Perdon� Top Dance/Electronic Song: Major Lazer & DJ Snake Featuring M�, �Lean On� Top Christian Song: ?Hillsong UNITED, �Oceans (Where Feet May Fail)� Top Gospel Song: Kirk Franklin, �Wanna Be Happy?� Trivia Answer: Kenneth Wayne Jennings III -- Ken Jennings -- who is 42 today. In 2004, Jennings won 74 consecutive Jeopardy! games before he was defeated by challenger Nancy Zerg on his 75th appearance. His total earnings on Jeopardy! are $3,196,300, consisting of $2,520,700 over his 74 wins, a $2,000 second-place prize in his 75th appearance, a $500,000 second-place prize in the Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions, a $100,000 win for second-place prize in the Jeopardy Battle of the Decades, as well as half of a $300,000 prize in the IBM Challenge, when he competed against Watson. After his success on Jeopardy!, Jennings wrote about his experience and explored American trivia history and culture in his book Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs, published in 2006. He and his wife Mindy, son Dylan, and daughter Caitlin live in the Seattle area. Friday 5.20.16 Morning Trivia: She's a singer and actress with a career spanning five decades. She's known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in various areas of entertainment, as well as for continuously reinventing both her music and image which has led to her being called the Goddess of Pop. She first became prominent in 1965 as half of a folk rock husband-wife duo. Who is she? After Wednesday's 5-2 loss, the Mariners -- the best road team in the American League -- bounced back to win the series in Baltimore with a 7-2 triumph at Camden Yards yesterday. First baseman Adam Lind homered, his third of the season, to break open the game. The Mariners are 15-and-7 in away games and 6-0-1 in seven road series. Seattle is now 4-and-0 in rubber matches this season. Seattle had its first series win in Baltimore since August of 2013. The Mariners have now traveled to Cincinnati for a three-game series against the Reds. Game one is this afternoon at 4:10. Birthdays: Actor Anthony Zerbe is 80; Doug of Bob & Doug MacKenie, actor and comedian Dave Thomas is 67; radio host and son of the former president, Ron Reagen is 58; from The Go-Go�s, guitarist Jane Wiedlin is 58; Balki on Perfect Strangers, actor Bronson Pinchot is 57; Natalie on The Facts of Life, actress Mindy Cohn is 50; race car driver Tony Stewart is 45; and rapper Busta Rhymes is 44. Morley Safer, who for nearly 50 years was a TV news fixture as a correspondent on the CBS Sunday news magazine 60 Minutes, has died. Safer retired from 60 Minutes just last Sunday, a decision CBS said in their statement that Safer announced while in declining health, though no other details about his health were given. CBS paid tribute to the correspondent with a special, Morley Safer: A Reporter's Life, which aired last Sunday, and which CBS said Safer watched in his home. Morley Safer was 84. It�s Weights and Measures Day, the anniversary of an international treaty signed on May 20th of 1875, providing for the establishment of an International Bureau of Weights and Measures. It's Be a Millionaire Day. Today is the perfect opportunity to dream big and imagine what life would be like as a millionaire. While a million dollars isn't what it used to be, seeing a seven-figure number in your bank account is still considered a major financial milestone. The term millionaire first appeared in the English language in 1816. There were only a few millionaires at the time, but thanks to the Industrial Revolution, more millionaires were created outside of the aristocracy. Today there are more than 12 million millionaires scattered around the globe. All I ask is for a chance to prove that money doesn't buy happiness. Today is National Bike to Work Day, always celebrated on the third Friday in May. It's a great opportunity to get some exercise, and to save some gas. Calendar notes: On this date in 1873, Levi Strauss began marketing blue jeans with copper rivets. In 1899, the first traffic ticket in the US was issued. New York City taxi driver Jacob German was arrested for speeding while driving 12-miles-an-hour on Lexington Street. In 1916, The Saturday Evening Post published its first cover with a Norman Rockwell painting (Boy with Baby Carriage). In 1927, at 7:52 in the morning, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in Long Island, New York, on the world's first solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. He touched down at Le Bourget Field in Paris at 10:22 the next evening. In 1932, Amelia Earhart taok off from Newfoundland to begin the world's first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean by a female pilot, landing in Ireland the next day. In 1971, Peter Cetera of the group Chicago was beaten up by four men at a Chicago Cubs-Dodgers baseball game. The men objected to the length of Cetera's hair. Cetera underwent four hours of emergency surgery. In 1982, TV's Barney Miller was seen for the last time on ABC-TV. In 1989, the Chinese authorities declared martial law in the face of pro-democracy demonstrations, setting the scene for the Tiananmen Square massacre. In 1993, the final episode of Cheers was aired on NBC-TV. A heads up from the City of Olympia. Coming up Sunday, beginning at 7:00 in the morning, Traffic Operations is repairing the traffic signal at the intersection of Cooper Point Road and Harrison Avenue. The signal will be inoperable for about 8 to 10 hours and Olympia police are directing traffic during that time. Use caution when traveling in that area and expect delays. Alternate routes are advised. The Transportation Security Administration has been taking a lot of heat lately from travelers who feel like they're spending too much time waiting in lines at TSA checkpoints. But it turns out we're also getting nickel and dimed by the agency -- quite literally. In an inadvertent form of crowdfunding, according to an agency report, the TSA collected $765,759.15 in fiscal year 2015 in unclaimed money left behind at airport security checkpoints. The report says most of the cash collected in fiscal year 2015 comes from loose change that people emptied out of their pockets before going through the metal detectors, The report was sent to Congress in March but is gaining renewed attention as lawmakers, travelers, and airlines are pressuring the TSA to up its game ahead of the summer traveling season, which is expected to be the busiest in history. Coming soon: The end of not having to worry about the area code when dialing a local number in Western Washington. Our state is getting a new 564 area code starting in the fall of 2017. The Utilities and Transportation Commission made the decision yesterday. The area code will overlay the existing 206, 360, 425, and 253 area codes already in place in certain geographic areas as phone numbers in those area codes get exhausted. The move won't affect any current phone numbers, but anyone in Western Washington getting a new phone number, be it Seattle, Everett or Ocean Shores, may get the 564 area code when their current area code runs out. The UTC says the 509 area code in Eastern Washington will remain unchanged. The move will also require callers to dial all 10 digits of a phone number with the 1-(area code) in front, even if you're calling next door. The announcement was prompted by new projections showing the 360 area code was likely to run out of available numbers in 2018. The 564 area code will come first to those in the current 360 zone next fall, the UTC said. The commission originally approved the single area code overlay for Western Washington in 2000, but postponed it after successful state and national number conservation efforts. Sunday morning, Mars, Earth and the sun are lining will line up perfectly in the sky. This once-every-two-years event is called Mars Opposition. That�s because Mars and the sun will be on opposite sides of Earth. Weekend TV: Saturday, it's the 141st Preakness Stakes. It's on NBC at 1:30. Sunday, it's the 2016 Billboard Music Awards. It's on ABC at 5:00. New in theaters this weekend: The PG-rated Angry Birds. Many are predicting the Angry Birds will knock Captain America off his perch at the top of the box office. Also, the R-rated Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising, and the R-rated The Nice Guys. Trivia Answer: She was born Cherilyn Sarkisian 70 years ago today. We know her simply as Cher. That husband-wife duo in the 60s as Sonny & Cher. She later was a successful solo artist with million-selling singles such as Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down), Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves, and Half-Breed. She returned to stardom in the 1970s as a television personality. She became a fashion trendsetter with her daring outfits. After she divorced her first husband in 1975, she experimented with various musical styles, including disco and New Wave, before becoming a top-earning live act in Las Vegas. In the early 1980s, she made her Broadway debut and starred in the film Silkwood, which earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1983. In the following years, she starred in films such as Mask, The Witches of Eastwick, and Moonstruck, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1988. At the same time, she established herself as a serious musician by releasing platinum albums. In the 1990s, she made her directing debut in the film If These Walls Could Talk and released the biggest-selling single of her career, Believe, which featured the pioneering use of Auto-Tune. In the 2000s, she embarked on the successful Living Proof: The Farewell Tour and signed a $60 million per-year deal to headline the Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for three years. Cher is is the only artist to have a number-one single on a Billboard chart in each of the past six decades. Thursday 5.19.16 Morning Trivia: It was on this date in 1962 that a certain actress sang a sultry version of Happy Birthday to a certain President. Can you name the actress, and the President? A day after romping on Baltimore 10-0, the Mariners fell victims to a pair of ex-employees, Chris Tillman and Mark Trumbo. Tillman checked Seattle on four hits over 6.1 innings and Trumbo homered and scored twice as the Orioles defeated Seattle 5-2 at Camden Yards. The bright spot for Seattle yesterday was that Texas lost to Oakland 8-1, leaving the Mariners with a one-game lead in the AL West. The Mariners have a chance to win their ninth series of the season today when the series concludes. Following the Baltimore series, the Mariners travel to Cincinnati for a three-game weekend set with the Reds starting tomorrow. UPDATE: The Ms win the series beating Baltimore 7-2 today. Birthdays: Formerly with PBS, journalist and author Jim Lehrer is 82; he was the first host of ABC's Good Morning America and now hosts documentary programs on the History channel and on PBS, David Hartman is 81; best known for playing the Wookie Chewbacca in the Star Wars movies, actor Peter Mayhew is 72; from The Who, Rock Hall of Famer Pete Townshend is 71; singer, actress, and model Grace Jones is 68; from ZZ Top, bassist, singer, songwriter Dusty Hill is 67; former football player and football dad Archie Manning is 67; Clint Eastwood's boy, jazz bass player Kyle Eastwood is 48; and singer and multi-Grammy award winner Sam Smith is 24. It's Boys and Girls Club Day celebrating the invaluable clubs around the country. There are clubs all over America providing safe recreational activities for our youth. They teach values and citizenship. They help to keep kids out of trouble and off of the street. With more and more parents at work, and broken families, these groups take on added importance. Today is a day to recognize the importance of these groups for our children and for our community. Today is also National Devil's Food Cake Day. Calendar notes: On this date in 1906, the Federated Boys Clubs, forerunner of the Boys Clubs of America, forerunner of the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, were organized. In 1965, FBI agents visited Wand Records investigating the lyrics to the song Louie Louie by The Kingsmen. In 1974, Erno Rubik invented the puzzle what would later become known as the Rubik's Cube. In 1979, Eric Clapton and George Harrison's ex-wife, Patti Boyd, were married. In 1986, Peter Gabriel released the album So. In 1992, Vice President Dan Quayle criticized the CBS sitcom Murphy Brown for having its title character decide to bear a child out of wedlock. In 1999, Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace was released in the US. It set a new record for opening day sales at 28.5 million. In 2005, Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith brought in 50.0 million in its opening day. No longer content with simply being your book, electronics, music, and grocery distribution center, Amazon may be looking to expand its private label products. Are you ready for Amazon branded coffee? Sources say the company is planning on introducing its own generic brands of food and household goods like coffee and diapers to compete with your favorite brands. The sequel to last year's Kingsman: The Secret Service just landed some serious star power. A month after it was reported that Elton John was in talks to appear in Kingsman: The Golden Circle, Sir Elton has confirmed on Instagram that he's joined the cast. He wrote, "It's been a long time since Tommy" referencing his involvement in The Who's 1975 musical film. Kingsman: The Golden Circle, featuring new cast members Julianne Moore, Halle Berry, and Channing Tatum, is scheduled to open in June of 2017. Good news for Ford fans: One of the automaker's most popular trucks could be returning to its lineup by the end of the decade. Multiple auto blogs are reporting that the Ford Ranger is coming back. According to Car And Driver, the truck could be on dealer lots around the country by 2019. A Ford representative said that the company does not comment on future products. In Scotland a man walked into a liquor store and shoplifted a bottle of vodka. But somewhere between the vodka aisle and the exit door he got distracted by the lovely lady behind the counter. After a few minutes of flirting, he gave her his name and phone number. She didn�t follow up ... but the cops did. Trivia Answer: The actress was Marilyn Monroe. The President was John F. Kennedy. The performance took place at Madison Square Garden. It was in celebration of Kennedy's 45th birthday -- which was ten days away on May 29th. Afterwards, President Kennedy came on stage saying, "I can now retire from politics after having had Happy Birthday sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way," alluding to Monroe's delivery, her racy dress, and her general image as a sex symbol. More than 15,000 people attended. Jackie Kennedy was not in attendance. Wednesday 5.18.16 Morning Trivia: This actress, comedian, writer, and producer, is best known for her work on the NBC's Saturday Night Live. She received acclaim for her impression of former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, and for creating the series 30 Rock and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. She's also well known for appearing in films such as Mean Girls (2004), Baby Mama (2008), Date Night (2010), Muppets Most Wanted (2014), and Sisters (2015). Who is she? I saw some headlines after the Mariners were swept by the Angels over the weekend. Headlines like Ms Mojo No Mo. Well, they went to Baltimore and showed that is apparently not the case. Nelson Cruz, Kyle Seager, and Robinson Cano collaborated for 10 RBIs and Seattle starter Wade Miley allowed two runs over six innings as the Mariners put an emphatic end to their three-game losing streak by swamping the Baltimore Orioles 10-nuttin' yesterday afternoon at Camden Yards. The Orioles had won seven of their previous eight. The Mariners pounded out 12 hits and improved to 22-and-16 and won their 14th road contest against six defeats. Seattle remains a game ahead of the Texas Rangers for the AL West lead. The Mariners and Orioles play the second of three this afternoon at 4:05. The series concludes tomorrow, after which the Mariners travel to Cincinnati for a three-game set. Birthdays: Dobie Gillis on The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, actor Dwayne Hickman is 82; baseball great, Hall of Famer Brooks Robinson is 79; Mr. October -- he with five World Series rings -- Reggie Jackson is 70; Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman is 67; Devo co-founder Mark Mothersbaugh is 66; singer-songwriter George Strait is 64; and musician Jack Johnson is 41. Today is International Museum Day, a good opportunity to visit, appreciate, and support a nearby museum. Today is National Visit Your Relatives Day. It's easy to get so caught up in today's fast paced lifestyle that we can soon lose touch with our relatives. National Visit Your Relatives Day reminds us to stop for a moment, take some much-needed time and visit those relatives we care about and haven't seen for a while. Today is No Dirty Dishes Day, a reprieve from the daily pile of dishes to wash and dry. the objective of this day is to have no dirty dishes. A couple of options: Use disposable plates, cups and silverware for all meals and snacks OR take the family out to eat all three meals, then for a snack, go out for ice cream. Calendar notes: On this date in 1974, The Streak by Ray Stevens became America's top single, capitalizing on the streaking fad that year on college campuses. In 1978, the movie The Buddy Holly Story starring Gary Busey premiered in Dallas. In 1980, Mt. Saint Helens erupted killing 57 people and causing $3 billion in damage. In 1992, the National Archivist quietly certified the 27th Amendment to the US Constitution prohibiting Congress from voting itself instant pay raises. The measure was written by James Madison in 1789, but the ratification process took over two centuries. In 1998, the federal government and 20 states filed a sweeping antitrust case against Microsoft saying the software company had a choke hold on competitors which denied consumer choices by controlling 90% of the software market. In 2004, at the age of 40, Randy Johnson became the oldest pitcher in major league history to throw a perfect game, retiring all 27 batters to lead the Arizona Diamondbacks over the Atlanta Braves 2-0. A follow-up to a story we mentioned yesterday. Federal officials have cited a Canadian man who told rangers at Yellowstone National Park that he loaded a bison calf into his SUV because he thought it was cold. The calf later had to be euthanized because it couldn't be reunited with its herd. A criminal complaint filed in federal court states that the man -- from Quebec -- told rangers he put the bison calf in his SUV on May 9th. Yellowstone officials issued the man a citation alleging he disturbed wildlife. He's set to appear June 2nd at the Yellowstone Justice Center. Late-night host Jimmy Kimmel has renewed his deal with ABC for an additional three years. The new agreement extends the Jimmy Kimmel Live host's contract with the network through the fall of 2019. Kimmel is in his 14th season hosting ABC�s late-night comedy talk show. He is also set to host the 2016 Primetime Emmy Awards September 18th. It will be his second time hosting the awards show. Beer and pizza make for one the the best food combinations humanity has ever developed. Now, a Pizza Hut in the United Kingdom is bringing the two together. Beer-infused pizza is being given a trial run this week at a London Pizza Hut. I just hope they get it all figured out and shipped here to the states by football season. The oldest living person in the world is Emma Morano of Verbania, Italy. She's 116 years and 172 days old as of today. She attributes her long life to eating three raw eggs a day ... and being single. Trivia Answer: Elizabeth Stamatina Fey -- Tina Fey -- who turns 46 today. Fey has received eight Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, five Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Writers Guild of America Awards and was nominated for a Grammy Award for her autobiographical book Bossypants, which topped The New York Times Best Seller list for five weeks. In 2008, the Associated Press gave Fey the AP Entertainer of the Year award for her satirical portrayal of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin in a guest appearance on SNL.In 2010, Fey was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor, becoming the youngest-ever recipient of the award. On January 13th of 2013, Fey hosted the 70th Golden Globe Awards with her long-time friend and fellow comedian, Amy Poehler, to critical acclaim. The duo hosted again the following two years, generating the highest ratings for the annual ceremony in a decade and receiving similar acclaim. Tuesday 5.17.16 Morning Trivia: He's a retired professional boxer and occasional actor. He was the first boxer to earn more than $100 million in purses. He won world titles in five weight divisions and defeated future fellow International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees Wilfred Ben�tez, Thomas Hearns, Roberto Dur�n and Marvin Hagler. He was named Boxer of the Decade for the 1980s. Who is he? After a 3-and-3 homestand. the Ms are back out on the road where they've had better luck than at the Safe. At home, Seattle is 8-and-10. On the road, they're 13-and-6. But it ain't gonna be easy. They're in Baltimore against the AL East leading Orioles for three. By the way, Texas lost yesterday so the Ms are back on top of the AL West. Number one faces number one this afternoon at 4:05. Birthdays: Danny Tanner on Full house, actor-comedian Bob Saget is 60; sportscaster Jim Nantz ia 57; singer Enya is 55; comedian, actor, and talk show host Craig Ferguson is 54; from Nine Inch Nails, Trent Reznor is 51; from New Kids on the Block, singer Jordan Knight is 46; and soccer's Mia Hamm is 44. Today is World Telecommunications Day celebrating the constant evolution of one of the most important factors of our lives: communication. The main goal of World Telecommunications Day is to highlight the importance of communication and how information travels across the world. Today is Pack Rat Day. Admit it. You're a Pack Rat like the rest of us. We�re all a little bit materialistic, and tend to buy, own and hoard more stuff than we might really need. We�re all pack rats. Pack Rat Day encourages us to embrace the fact that we want to keep stuff, and suggests that you shouldn't throw away your old belongings, clothes, or even rubbish as it may be useful or valuable in days or years to come. I don't know if this is so or not, but I like the concept. Today is Tell An Umpire I Love Your Outfit Day. Calendar notes: On this date in 1939, with a single camera near the third-base line, WXBS-TV in New York became the first station to televise a sporting event. It was a baseball game between Columbia and Princeton. At the time, there were only 400 TV sets in America. In 1975, Elton John's Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy became the first record album to sell a million copies the day it was released. In 1978, Philips announced their new creation, the compact disc. In 1985, Bobby Ewing died on the season finale of Dallas on CBS-TV. He returned the following season. It was all a dream. In 1992, bandleader Lawrence Welk died of pneumonia at age 89. His syndicated TV show continues in reruns. In 1999, Makah Indians here in Washington state harpooned a gray whale for the first time in 70 years. In 1999, a Toronto judge dismissed a claim that the Canadian Defense Minister, Citibank, and a number of drug store chains were conspiring to kill a complainant because he was a Martian. The judge ruled that since the complainant claimed not to be human, he had no status before the court. Apparently baby names that begin with O-L-I are all the rage in these parts these days. The Social Security Administration has released the most popular baby names in Washington in 2015, and Oliver and Olivia are the top choices for boys and girls, respectively. For girls, the new Top 5 are Olivia, Emma, Sophia, Ava and Evelyn -- which is actually not all that new. It's the same top 4 as 2014; only Evelyn is new to the Top 5, knocking out Emily. But the boys list does have a shakeup: Oliver, Noah, Liam, Benjamin and Henry. Oliver raced to the top from the No. 9 spot in 2014 and Noah jumped to No. 2 from No. 5, both knocking last year's champ Liam to No. 3. Benjamin drops to No. 4 from No. 2 while Henry climbs from No. 11 to No. 5. Wildlife officials were forced to euthanize a young bison calf that tourists pulled into an SUV last week. The calf's herd rejected it after the tourist stunt, despite rangers' repeated attempts to reunite it with its family, according to a statement released yesterday by Yellowstone National Park. "It was abandoned and causing a dangerous situation by continually approaching people and cars along the roadway," explained the park in the statement about officials' decision to euthanize the calf. Last week the bison baby was photographed inside the back of an SUV. The East Idaho News reported that tourists were concerned for the bison's welfare, stating that it was "freezing." You may soon have more space to tweet. Source say Twitter will stop counting links and photos in the 140-character limit. Links currently take up 23 characters the change could happen in the next couple weeks. Trivia Answer: Sugar Ray Leonard who turns 60 today. He was named Ray Charles Leonard, after his mother's favorite singer, Ray Charles. In October 1996, the 40-year-old Leonard announced that he was coming out of retirement to fight H�ctor Camacho for the lightly regarded IBC Middleweight Championship. Camacho, a light-hitting southpaw who, at 34 and as a former lightweight, was also considered past his prime, had a record of 62�3�1. Leonard decided to fight Camacho after commentating on his fight with the 45-year-old Roberto Duran the previous year, in which Camacho had won a disputed decision which Leonard had called "an early Christmas gift." In January 1997, it was announced that Leonard had been voted into the International Boxing Hall Of Fame in Canastota, New York. The rules state that a boxer must be retired for five years before being eligible for induction. When the vote took place, Leonard had been retired for more than five years, therefore, he was eligible, even though he had a fight scheduled. The induction ceremony was on June 15th of 1997. The fight with Camacho took place on March 1st of 1997 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Camacho applied pressure from the opening bell and started to score well in the third. He continued to score well in the fourth and opened a cut above Leonard's right eye. In the fifth, Camacho dropped Leonard with a right followed by two left uppercuts. Leonard got up, but was unable to ward off Camacho. The referee stopped the fight with Camacho teeing off on a defenseless Leonard on the ropes. It was the only time in Leonard's career that he was knocked out. Afterward, Leonard retired again, saying, "For sure, my career is definitely over for me in the ring." The Camacho fight was Leonard's last. He finished his career with a record of 36�3�1 with 25 knockouts. Monday 5.16.16 Morning Trivia: She's a marathon runner who won gold at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, the year that the women's marathon was introduced. As a result, she was the first-ever women's Olympic marathon champion. She still holds the fastest times for an American woman at the Chicago Marathon and the Olympic Marathon. Her time at the Boston Marathon was the fastest time by an American woman at that race for 28 years. Who is she? Should the Mariners' season turn south from here, the game Saturday against the Angels will be fingered as the culprit -- a 9-7 loss that squandered a five-run eighth inning, which had a near-sellout crowd animated as if it were late September, not mid-May. Yesterday? Not so much, a 3-0 loss when Felix Hernandez pitched his best game of the season. The idea that the Mariners were different this season took a hit over the weekend. The Los Angeles Angels, previously believed to be the sick man of the American League West with a six-game losing streak, smited the Mariners at Safeco Field in all three opportunities. The home sweep proved that as much as things have changed on this season�s roster and coaching staff, the Mariners were still capable of being shut out with Felix on the mound. At one point, Hernandez had eight outs in a row via strikeout. And the Angles still won. The Ms lost. In a game they needed to help keep hot air in the franchise balloon. A sweep by the woebegone Angels would seem to suggest the Mariners are back to skimming the treetops. But manager Scott Servais is unwilling to let go of his it's-a-long-season mantra. Says Servais, "When things are going well, it's fun to ride the wave. It's a long season. You�re going to have bumps in the road. We didn�t get it done. It's going to happen.� A travel day for the Mariners today. They're back in action tomorrow night when they kick off a three-game set with the Orioles in Baltimore. Birthdays: Actor Pierce Brosnan is 63; gymnast Olga Korbut is 61; actress Debra Winger is also 61; Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic is 51; singer Janet Jackson is 50; Carol on Growing Pains, actress Tracey Gold is 47; and actress and socialite Tori Spelling is 43. Today is Sneeze Without Embarrassment Day in honor of the normal springtime high pollen level. Today is Love a Tree Day. So, go out and give a tree a great big hug. Or, climb up into your favorite tree, and share some quality time with it. Today is Biographers Day. It's National Sea Monkey Day which celebrates an amazing pet that comes alive when placed in water. Children and adults are fascinated by these creatures, that almost instantly are born when placed in water. It's Wear Purple For Peace Day. You'd think that this day originated in protest of a particular war or conflict. Or, perhaps conceived by the UN, or another peacemaking or peace keeping group. Rather, we found this day to be a stellar event. It seems some folks fear that aliens from outer space consider earthlings to be too hostile. As a result, they have yet to visit or make contact with us. So, some decided to promote world peace by establishing Wear Purple for Peace Day. The goal of the day is to make the world a peaceful place and, of course, encourage alien species to make contact with earth. Calendar notes: On this date in 1904, the automohorse was patented. The first autos tended to scare horses, so this ingenious invention was an automobile that looked like a horse. In 1965, The Beach Boys sang their hit Help Me, Rhonda on The Ed Sullivan Show. Also in 1965, Spaghetti-O's were sold for the first time. In 1970, Randy Bachman left The Guess Who. In 1984, Prince's When Doves Cry was released. In 1985, Michael Jordan was named NBA Rookie of the Year. In 1988, the Supreme Court ruled that police do not have to have a search warrant to search discarded garbage. In 1990, actor and singer Sammy Davis Jr. died of throat cancer. He was 64. In 1996, residents of Williamstown, Massachusetts, voted 165-138 to end their 200-year tradition of opening the annual town meeting with a prayer. Before they voted, they prayed. In 2000, the New York Democratic Party nominated First Lady Hillary Clinton for the US Senate, making her the first First Lady to run for public office. Captain America: Civil War remained dominant at US theaters chalking up $72.6 million over the weekend -- the eighth-largest second weekend of all time. Disney�s fifth weekend of The Jungle Book continued to show remarkable staying power with $17.8 million for a second-place finish. The George Clooney-Julia Roberts thriller Money Monster opened respectably in third with $15 million. The low-budget horror-thriller The Darkness, starring Kevin Bacon, scared up $5.2 million in a Friday the 13th launch aimed at horror fans. Julia Roberts' other movie in theaters, Garry Marshall's ensemble comedy Mother's Day, rounded out the top five with $3.3 million. The Red Hot Chili Peppers were forced to cancel a gig after lead singer Anthony Kiedis was hospitalized with reported stomach pains over the weekend. The rockers were due to play a show in Irvine, California, on Saturday night, but pulled out at the last minute. Weezer stepped in to close the show and Kiedis' bandmate Flea took to the stage to apologize to the crowd of 16,000 fans. A representative for the show told editors at Billboard that Kiedis was rushed to hospital in an ambulance from the venue due to suffering from extreme stomach pain. The reasons for his illness were not revealed. Earlier this month, it was announced that the Peppers would soon be releasing their first album in more than five years. The Getaway, their 11th studio album, is due for release on June 17th. Russell Wilson returned to his alma mater in Madison, Wisconsin, on Saturday to deliver the commencement address to the University of Wisconsin's graduating class of 2016. He shared some advice from his recent past, including a nod to his engagement to pop star Ciara Harris and a reference some Seahawks fans might still find a bit too painful to laugh at. He said, "If you're dating a woman that's way out of your league, ask her to marry you. If you can throw a football 80 yards, for some reason, people think that's pretty cool. And if you're playing the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl and you've got 26 seconds left and you're down by four and it's second-and-goal on their 1-yard line, try not to throw an interception." I'm thinking, good advice. In Arizona Google is paying people $20 an hour to ride in their experimental driverless cars. Apparently your job is to simply keep changing radio stations, yell at other drivers, and complain about every new building that's replaced a cherished childhood memory. Trivia Answer: Joan Benoit Samuelson who is 59 today. In March of 1984, Benoit injured her knee severely during a 20-mile training run, forcing her to undergo arthroscopic knee surgery just 17 days before the United States Olympic Women's Marathon Trials were scheduled here in Olympia. However, she recovered from the surgery much more quickly than expected, and showed up at the trials as the woman to beat. She beat runner-up Julie Brown by 30 seconds, winning in 2:31:04. Three months later, she competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and won the first Olympic Women's Marathon in 2:24:52. By the way, Marathon Park at the southwestern corner of Capitol Lake earned its name as the start and finish site for those 1984 US trials for the first Women�s Olympic Marathon. Since her retirement from competitive running, she has written books including Running Tide and Running for Women, and has opened a running clinic. She is also a coach to women's cross-country and long-distance athletes, and is a motivational speaker and sports commentator. Benoit resides in Freeport, Maine. Benoit and husband Scott Samuelson have two children, daughter Abby and son Anders. Bythe way, the Capital City Marathon was yesterday. Friday 5.13.16 Morning Trivia: He's a computer programmer and Internet entrepreneur. He's best known for creating a website. The company behind the site was co-founded as a private company in 2004 by this guy and some classmates at Harvard University. He is the chairman and chief executive of the company. In 2010, he was named Time magazine's Person of the Year. Who is he? Something is going on with the Mariners. A 21-and-13 record is worthy of note. The Mariners are in first place in the AL West, having won 15 of the past 21 games. Wednesday was exactly the kind of game the Ms would have lost a year ago. An opponent's erratic starter provided a 4-0 opening, but when Taijuan Walker fell off the edge of earth in the sixth giving up a grand slam, which lost the lead, the 2015 Mariners would have been offensively inert. Then the bullpen would have combusted. The 2016 Mariners are inexplicably brilliant out of the pen, the AL�s most productive relief corps despite missing five guys who were scheduled to be part of the seven-man crew. On offense, the Ms are fourth in the AL in walks and second in home runs. So what is it, Nelson Cruz: Better talent, better information from coaches, or better attitude? Nelson says, "You can mention all of that. We definitely have more talent, with guys who can get on base and steal. The bullpen is better than last year. And we�re finding ways to score runs." He also mentioned what happened in spring training, when coaches devised get-acquainted sessions where individuals introduced themselves to each other and the group in ways personal as well as professional. Nelson says, "It helped to get to know your teammates. I got to know their histories, what they�ve been through. It�s like a family. You end up pulling for those guys." If all this sounds a little familiar, you�re probably also a Seahawks fan. Coach Pete Carroll is all about breaking down walls between players, coaches and each other to advance the delivery of quality information. Carroll once said his critics described his methods as airy-fairy, a phrase not easily forgotten. Mockable as it may be, no one can argue Carroll�s methods work. And apparently so do general manager Jerry Dipoto's and those of new skipper Scott Servais. So much so that the Mariners are eight games above .500. Only one AL team, the White Sox, is doing better. That never happens in the Northwest at this time of the season. After a day off at home yesterday, the Ms are hosting the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim for three starting tonight at 7:10 at the Safe. Birthdays: Singer, songwriter, and 25-time Grammy award winner, Stevie Wonder is 66; baseball's Bobby Valentine is also 66; retired NBA player Dennis Rodman is 55; host of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Stephen Colbert is 52; frontman for Hootie & The Blowfish, Darius Rucker is 50; retired pitcher Barry Zito is 38; Maroon 5 bass player Mickey Madden is 37; and from the Twilight movies, actor Robert Pattinson is 30. Today is the first Friday the 13th of the year -- really, the only one this year -- but being the first, it's the day we celebrate Blame Someone Else Day. What a great time you can have on this day. Imagine all the problems, errors, and mistakes you could heap on someone else today. On this day you don't have to take responsibility, or the blame, for any faux pas on your part. On the downside, this day comes as a double edged sword. While you're busy putting the blame elsewhere, someone might just be putting the blame on you. It�s Frog Jumping Day. The roots of Frog Jumping Day go back to Mark Twain's first short story. First published in 1865 as Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog and later published as The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. While we have discovered many links and references to Frog Jumping Day evolving from this Mark Twain short story, we have yet to discover the reason for this particular date. Today is also Leprechaun Day. A day dedicated to the little elves of Ireland. Saint Patrick's day is a huge day in March that celebrates Irish pride and everything about Ireland. But, tiny Leprechauns with their precious, hidden pot of gold, deserve their own day reserved just for them. According to Irish legend, or folklore, Leprechauns have a hidden pot of gold. If you catch a Leprechaun, he must give you his pot of gold. On Leprechaun Day, it's suggested you take a few minutes to admire your own "pot of gold". Or, do something to grow or increase the size of your own pot of gold. Short of those two activities, it�s suggested you go out and try to catch a Leprechaun. Calendar notes: On this date in 1939, the first commercial FM radio station in the United States was launched in Bloomfield, Connecticut. In 1958, the trade mark Velcro was registered. In 1967, Mickey Mantle hit his 500th homerun. In 1978, Jimmy Buffett appeared on Saturday Night Live and sang Son of a Sailor. In 1985, Bruce Springsteen married actress Julianne Phillips in a secret ceremony in Oregon. They divorced in 1989. Speaking of 1989, on this date, large groups of students occupied Tiananmen Square and begin a hunger strike. In 1994, Johnny Carson made his last television appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman. In 2003, the US government unveiled a newly designed version of the $20 bill. It was the first to be colorized in an effort to stop counterfeiters. The capitol's Tivoli Fountain will be filled today and running on Monday, but soon after, the popular Capitol Campus water feature is being drained and shut down for the rest of 2016. A fountain repair consultant is visiting the fountain on Monday. The consultant is inspecting the fountain and its operating system to assess its condition, identify ways to operate it more efficiently with less water loss, and come up with a strategy for preserving the historic icon. The state Department of Enterprise Services will fill all three fountain basins on Friday, then measure water loss over a 72-hour period. The consultant will be present when the fountain�s water jets and central spout are tested from about 9 to noon Monday. Then the fountain will be drained to allow for a dry inspection. While the state has made many minor repairs to the fountain since its dedication in 1953, most of the major components, including the piping, have never been replaced. The campus fountain is a replica of a famous Roman-style fountain in Tivoli Park in Copenhagen, Denmark, which in turn replicates elements of a famous fountain in Tivoli, Italy. The fountain was donated to the state by the Olympia-Tumwater Foundation. Ricardo Lockette arrived in the NFL with zero fanfare, just another undrafted free agent with a specific skill who was being given a chance. He stepped away from football yesterday, retiring from the Seattle Seahawks with a formal news conference in an auditorium packed with staff, former teammates, and coaches. The turnout spoke to the lasting impact Lockette had in Seattle -- a story that can't be told through statistics -- before retiring because of that severe neck injury suffered last season in a game against Dallas. Not yet 30, Lockette is leaving with three Super Bowl appearances under his belt, a Super Bowl ring, four career touchdown catches, and the infamy of being the intended receiver on Russell Wilson's pass that was intercepted to end Seattle's bid for a second straight title. Lockette is also leaving with titanium plates holding together his cervical spine. If not for the proper response from trainers and medical personnel on the field in Dallas last November, Lockette could have died. Concerns about his future health were at the root of Lockette's decision to leave. He arrived at yesterday's event without the neck brace he wore continuously following the surgery to stabilize the ligaments and vertebras in his neck. He only has 50 percent rotation in his neck, and will have to avoid roller coasters and lifting heavy objects going forward to avoid potential risk to the repaired area. Asked if it was tough to retire, Lockette said: "No, because I love my family and I'd rather walk." A passenger who authorities say forced an Alaska Airlines flight to be diverted after he didn't get a beer has pleaded not guilty in Portland, Oregon, to a charge of interfering with a flight crew. A federal indictment unsealed this week says 32-year-old Luke Watts of Portland threatened to become violent if flight attendants didn't serve him a beer during a March flight from Sacramento to Seattle. Assistant US Attorney Benjamin Tolkoff says Watts then locked himself in the bathroom and screamed and pounded on the door. He also demanded hugs from flight attendants. Concerned about the potential for violence, the pilot decided to land in Portland. Watts remains free while awaiting trial. Trivia Answer: Mark Zuckerberg who turns 32 tomorrow. His website is the social networking site Facebook. His personal wealth as of May 8th this year is estimated to be $52 billion. Zuckerberg receives a one-dollar salary as CEO of Facebook. In 2007, at the age of 23, Zuckerberg became a billionaire as a result of Facebook's success. The number of Facebook users worldwide reached a total of one billion in 2012. Thursday 5.12.16 Morning Trivia: He's a former Major League Baseball player and manager. He played almost his entire career for the New York Yankees and was elected to the baseball Hall of Fame in 1972. He is one of only four players to be named the Most Valuable Player of the American League three times. He's one of only six managers to lead both American and National League teams to the World Series. He's widely regarded as one of the greatest catchers in baseball history. Who is he? The Mariners wrapped up their second sweep in less than two weeks on catcher Chris Iannetta�s 11th-inning, walk-off home run, a 6-5 triumph yesterday afternoon at Safeco. Seattle squandered an early 4-0 lead, and a 5-4 lead in the ninth, before Iannetta ended the four-hour game with a moon shot to center field. It was Ianetta's third homer of the season. What did manager Scott Servais have to say about the game? He said, "Getting sunburned at Safeco Field in May and winning a game in extra innings is a pretty good day." The Mariners take today off before hosting the Los Angeles Angels in a three-game series beginning tomorrow night. Birthdays: Composer Burt Bacharach is 88; the singer best known for his song I Can Help, Billy Swan is 74; Rock Hall of Famer Steve Winwood is 68; actor Bruce Boxleitner is 66; singer Billy Squier is also 66; NBA coach George Karl is 65; once married to Paula Abdul, actor and director Emilio Estevez is 54; one of those Baldwin boys, actor Stephen Baldwin is 50; the first skateboarder to land a 900, Tony Hawk is 48; and Tootie on The Facts of Life, actress Kim Fields is 47. Today is Fatigue Syndrome Day -- quite a tiring day. Today recognizes the fact that sometimes life is just too tiring. Perhaps you're tired because you are not getting enough sleep. Perhaps, you're stressed out. Some people experience chronic fatigue from worrying, or due to problems. These are all common causes of persistent fatigue. Whatever the cause, use today to identify it, and to correct it. Today is Limerick Day, it celebrates the birthday of Writer Edward Lear. It also, of course, celebrates Limerick poems. Limericks were popularized by Lear in 1846 in his Book of Nonsense. This day is a time to enjoy and get your fill of Limericks. A Limerick is a humorous verse or poem. It is five lines longs. It's name come from the city of Limerick, Ireland. The first two lines rhyme with the fifth line. The third and fourth lines rhyme. By the way, Limerick is the third largest city in Ireland. Calendar notes: On this date in 1932, ten weeks after his abduction, the infant son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Jr., was found dead in Hopewell, New Jersey, just a few miles from the Lindberghs' home. In 1935, Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith (founders of Alcoholics Anonymous) met for the first time in Akron, Ohio. In 1965, The Rolling Stones recorded Satisfaction. In 1967, The Jimi Hendrix Experience released their debut album Are You Experienced? In 1977, Hotel California earned a gold record for The Eagles. In 1978, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced that they would no longer exclusively name hurricanes after women. In 2002, former President Jimmy Carter arrived in Cuba for a five-day visit with Fidel Castro becoming the first President of the United States, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution. In 2008, the price for a one-ounce First-Class stamp increased from 41 to 42 cents. In 2015, it was announced that Verizon would be acquiring AOL. The Seattle Seahawks' Ricardo Lockette is expected to announce his retirement at a press conference this afternoon. Lockette suffered that serious neck injury. Lockette had surgery to stabilize his neck in November 2015 after suffering ligament damage, a disk injury, and a concussion in a collision with Jeff Heath of the Dallas Cowboys late in the first half of Seattle's 13-12 victory. He laid motionless for several minutes and was eventually strapped to a backboard and taken off the field. Heath was penalized for an illegal blindside block on the play, but the league ruled that it didn't warrant an additional fine. Lockette spent a week at Baylor University Medical Center following the injury. The Seahawks are holding a press conference this afternoon at Seahawks headquarters. Lockette is expected to announce his retirement then. Morley Safer is signing off. The longest-serving 60 Minutes correspondent is formally retiring this week after 46 seasons on the newsmagazine and seven decades in the journalism business. CBS is saluting Safer this Sunday with an hour-long special Morley Safer: A Reporter's Life, which follows the regular edition of 60 Minutes. The special traces Safer's life from his birth in Toronto to his work as a war reporter in the 1950s and '60s, to his time on 60 Minutes. His first season as a regular correspondent on the program began in 1970; his 919th and final report aired in March. He says, "It's been a wonderful run, but the time has come to say goodbye to all of my friends at CBS and the dozens of people who kept me on the air. But most of all I thank the millions of people who have been loyal to our broadcast." On TV tonight, the season finale of The Big Bang Theory. Chaos reigns when Leonard�s recently divorced parents, and Sheldon�s mom come to town. It's on CBS tonight at 8:00. The Big Bang Theory, by the way, has been renewed for another season. Deputies in Orange County Florida pursued a bagel truck across three counties after a woman stole it early Wednesday. The bagel truck driver left the keys in the truck and the truck running. He was taking a break inside the store when the 27-year-old thief drove away in the truck filled with $5,000 worth of bagels, croissants and other breakfast pastries. Trivia Answer: Lawrence Peter Berra -- Yogi Berra -- who was born on this date in 1925. He picked up his famous nickname from a friend who said he resembled a Hindu holy man (yogi) they had seen in a movie, whenever Berra sat around with arms and legs crossed waiting to bat, or while looking sad after a losing game. Years later, the Hanna-Barbera cartoon character Yogi Bear was presumably named after Berra (the cartoon bear's creators denied it), something Berra did not appreciate after he started being periodically addressed as Yogi Bear. Berra died in his sleep of natural causes this past Septmber 22nd at the age of 90 -- 69 years to the day after his MLB debut. Berra quit school in the eighth grade and had a tendency toward malapropism and fracturing the English language in highly provocative, interesting ways. Simultaneously denying and confirming his reputation, Berra once stated, "I didn't really say everything I said." Some other Yogiisms: Berra was excellent at hitting poor pitches. When asked about swinging at "bad pitches", Berra said, "If I can hit it, it's a good pitch." As a general comment on baseball: "Baseball is ninety percent mental. The other half is physical." On why he no longer went to a popular St. Louis restaurant: "Nobody goes there no more; it's too crowded!" "It ain't over till it's over." - After Berra's 1973 Mets trailed the Chicago Cubs by 9� games in the National League East; the Mets rallied to win the division title on the next-to-last day of the season. When giving directions to his New Jersey home, which was equally accessible via two different routes: "When you come to a fork in the road, take it." On being the guest of honor at an awards banquet: "I'd like to thank all those who made this night necessary." "It's like d�j� vu all over again". Berra explained that this quote originated when he witnessed Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris repeatedly hit back to back home runs in the Yankees' seasons in the early 1960s. "You can observe a lot by just watching." "Always go to other people's funerals; otherwise they won't come to yours." Wednesday 5.11.16 Morning Trivia: On this date in 1997, world chess champion Garry Kasparov lost his first ever multi-game match. To whom did he lose? Franklin Gutierrez and Dae-Ho Lee each went deep as the Mariners went seven games over .500 with a 6-4 win over Tampa last nigh, clinching another series win. Seattle has won seven of nine games and is 18-7 since April 13th. The Ms and Rays wrap up their series with a day game this afternoon. Felix Hernandez and the Mariners� other starting pitchers took batting practice before last night's game. Let's just say it wasn't pretty. Seattle has its first road series in a National League park next week in Cincinnati. Birthdays: Comedian Mort Sahl is 89; minister Louis Farrakhan is 83; from The Animals, singer Eric Burdon is 75; one of the original MTV VJ's, Martha Quinn is 57; quarterback Cam Newton is 27. Today is Eat What You Want Day. People spend so much time stressing over their diet and what they should or shouldn�t eat, give yourself a break and eat what you want today. It's Donate A Day's Wages To Charity Day. Many people choose to increase their charitable giving on this day, which is usually celebrated on the second Wednesday of May. Anyone can get involved, either by making a financial donation or taking part in one of the many whacky activities which are organised each year to raise money for charity on this day. If you�ve ever had a root canal you probably appreciated how it fixed your pain � eventually. But you probably didn�t appreciate the root canal itself. Today�s a day to change that, because it�s Root Canal Appreciation Day. Yes, really. Dr. Chris Kammer, a dentist, created the day back in 2005. You�re probably not surprised that a dentist would be behind this. But Dr. Kammer isn�t just any dentist. He�s the Rock and Roll Dentist. He's performed with Deep Purple, Kiss, Garbage and others. Today is Twilight Zone Day, a mysterious, weird, surreal and perhaps a little scary. We can think of many other adjectives, but you get the picture. Every once in a while, you have a day like this. And, today is designed to be that day. Research did not find the creator, or the origin of this day. In researching this day, there was no logical roots for this day. The TV show first aired on October 1st of 1959. May 11th marks neither the birth nor the death of the shows's creator Rod Serling. It just is. Calendar notes: On this date in 1792, the Columbia River was discovered by Captain Robert Gray. In 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded. In 1947, the creation of the tubeless tire was announced by the BF Goodrich Company. In 1965, The Byrds made their TV debut with Mr. Tambourine Man on NBC's Hullabaloo. In 1981, Bob Marley died in a Miami hospital. He was 36. In 1985, Madonna's single Crazy For You hit #1. In 1990, singer Ritchie Valens received a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame, almost 33 years after his death. In 1995, Jimmy Vaughan, Eric Clapton, BB King, Buddy Guy, and Robert Cray reunited for a tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughn. All five had played with Vaughan at his last show on August 26th of 1990, before he was killed in a helicopter crash. In 2015, Fox announced that American Idol would conclude at the end of its fifteenth season. From the jaw-dropping half-court heaves that somehow sink through the net to the dazzling drives and zippy passes from every which way, Steph Curry's desire to keep getting better while always trying to entertain at every stop has the Golden State superstar being mentioned right along with the best ever, Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson. And he just turned 28. There might still be so much more for the 6-foot-3, baby-faced point guard whose ability to make it on the big NBA stage was initially questioned by some. Yesterday, Curry accomplished something those former greats never did: He became the first unanimous NBA MVP, earning the award for the second straight season after leading the defending champion Warriors to a record-setting season. Curry is the 11th player in league history to be voted MVP in consecutive seasons. Curry averaged an NBA-best 30.1 points per game to go with 6.7 assists and 5.4 rebounds. He also led the NBA with 2.1 steals a game while shooting 50.4 percent from the field, 45.4 percent from 3-point range and 90.8 percent from the foul line. Sharon Osbourne is opening up about her split from Ozzy Osbourne. Sharon returned to the show The Talk yesterday, where she confirmed that she and her husband of 33 years are not living together. She said she doesn't know if they will stay married. Publicists for the couple have not commented on their relationship. Osbourne told her co-hosts that she has "no idea what I'm going to do with the rest of my life" and that she wants to spend time thinking about her next step. "Because this is like getting to the last chapter of this book," she said, "and I really want to think about it very carefully about where I want to go." With Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice�s box office having run its course, its domestic haul is going to be less than that of Deadpool. But Batman v Superman wins out worldwide. Batman v Superman pulled $325.1 million in North America; Deadpool made $361.8 million. Trivia Answer: He lost to IBM's chess computer Deep Blue. It was the first time a computer had beaten a world-champion player. Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov was a pair of six-game chess matches between world chess champion Garry Kasparov and an IBM supercomputer called Deep Blue. The first match was played in Philadelphia in 1996 and was won by Kasparov. The second was played in New York City in 1997 and won by Deep Blue. The 1997 match was the first defeat of a reigning world chess champion to a computer under tournament conditions. The 1997 match was the subject of a documentary film, The Man vs. The Machine. Deep Blue's win was seen as very symbolically significant, a sign that artificial intelligence was catching up to human intelligence, and could defeat one of humanity's great intellectual champions. A computer had successfully defeated a human champion, in a domain in which mastery was previously seen as a pinnacle of human intelligence. While there were eventually reasonable arguments that Kasparov could have won over the primitive brute force-based Deep Blue -- Deep Blue mainly relied on brute computational force to evaluate millions of positions -- if Kasparov had played up to his level, more sophisticated chess programs soon decisively outmatched humans, and the Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov match is still cited as the symbolic turning point. Tuesday 5.10.16 Morning Trivia: On this date in 1954, the song credited with being the first rock and roll record to reach number one on the Billboard charts was released. Can you name the song? Felix Hernandez is the win king. Thanks in large part to a career offensive night from shortstop Ketel Marte, Hernandez broke Jamie Moyer's team record of 145 career wins by beating the Tampa Bay Rays 5-2 last night. Hernandez earned win No. 146, most by a pitcher in a Mariners uniform. Marte was already having a night, with three hits and a pair of runs scored, before he stepped to the plate with two runners on in sixth inning and slammed the first pitch he saw into the seats in right-centerfield for his first homer of the season. Headline writers have been waiting for this one. It's Miley vs. Smyly tonight. Mariner pitcher Wade Miley faces Rays pitcher Drew Smyly when the teams match up again tonight at 7:00 at Safeco. By the way, Mariner's second baseman Robinson Cano was named the American League player of the week yesterday after hitting .516 (16 for 31) with three doubles, four homers, and nine RBIs during the Mariners seven-game road trip through Oakland and Houston. It marked Cano's seventh player of the week honor, but first since 2012 when he was with the Yankees. Birthdays: Singer Donovan is 70; singer-songwriter Dave Mason is also 70; sportscaster Chris Berman is 61; and, from U2, Bono is 56. Today is Trust Your Intuition Day, a day to pay homage to gut feelings and still small voices. Today is Clean Up Your Room Day. Calendar notes: On this date in 1869, a golden spike was driven at Promontory, Utah, marking completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the US. In 1908, the first Mother's Day observance took place in Grafton, West Virginia. In 1963, Decca Records signed The Rolling Stones. The group had been recommended by Beatle George Harrison. In 1974, Eric Clapton recorded I Shot the Sheriff. Also in 1974, The Who sold out four nights at Madison Square Garden in just eight hours. In 1985, The Go-Go's announced they were breaking up. In 1986, actress Heather Locklear and Motley Crue drummer Tommy Lee were married. In 2001, the Boeing Company announced that it would be moving its headquarters to Chicago, Illinois. In 2002, NBA owners approved the Hornets' move to New Orleans, ending the team's 14-year stay in Charlotte. In 2005, Seal married Heidi Klum on a beach in Mexico. Tens of thousands of students across the state will breathe a sigh of relief in just a few more days. Year-end testing for Advanced Placement courses is in its final week, with approximately 90,000 exams ordered for Washington state. Testing started last week. Washington continues to see a steady increase in the number of students enrolling in rigorous AP classes, likely due to increased populations in some districts, and greater access to courses in others. According to the state's annual report card, 37 percent of Washington's high school seniors took an AP test last year. Ten years ago, it was fewer than 20 percent. Nearly 63,000 Washington students took at least one AP course last year, and 50,000 students took the optional end-of-year test. The College Board, responsible for scoring the exams, says 61 percent of students in Washington state passed, and the numbers continue to increase each year. Exams are scored on a 1-5 scale. A passing score is 3 or higher. Scores of 4 and 5 can earn students college credit in the subject. And those credits add up. The College Board estimates Washington's AP test takers could save $53 million in college costs. A New York City pizzeria is ditching the cardboard container for a pizza box that's made of one thing and one thing only -- 100 percent pizza. Vinnie's Pizzeria in Brooklyn revealed the pizza box pizza via Twitter and it's been sending hungry pizza lovers into a tailspin. If you work from home, do you ever work without clothes? Roughly 10% of those who work from home wear nothing at while on the job. About 39% of respondents of both sexes said they wear sweats while working from home, but 12% of males and 7% of females sometimes wear nothing at all. Trivia Answer: Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley & His Comets. Rock Around the Clock is a 12-bar-blues-based song written by Max C. Freedman and James E. Myers in 1952. The best-known and most successful rendition was recorded by Bill Haley and His Comets in 1954. It was not the first rock and roll record, nor was it the first successful record of the genre but it was the first to top the Billboard chart and became an anthem for rebellious Fifties youth. It's widely considered to be the song that, more than any other, brought rock and roll into mainstream culture around the world. The song is ranked #158 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Monday 5.9.16 Morning Trivia: Nicknamed Mr. Padre, he was a professional baseball right fielder who played 20 seasons -- from 1982 to 2001 -- for the San Diego Padres. The left-handed hitter won eight batting titles in his career, tied for the most in National League history. He's considered one of the best and most consistent hitters in baseball history. He had a .338 career batting average, never hitting below .309 in any full season. Who was he? The Houston Astros ended Seattle�s seven-game road trip on a downer, winning 5-1 at Minute Maid Park yesterday. The defeat, coupled with Texas' 8-3 win at Detroit, sliced the Mariners� lead in the AL West to a half game. The Astros, who stole five bases, put up three runs on Seattle starter Hisashi Iwakuma in the second and third innings and tacked on two more in the seventh, preventing the Mariners from winning their seventh consecutive series. Seattle split the four-game set. The Mariners are 13-and-6 in their past 19 games, 16-and-7 in their past 23 and 13-and-6 on the road. The Mariners return to Safeco Field tonight at 7:10 to face the Tampa Bay Rays in the first of a three-game series. Felix Hernandez throws for Seattle. Birthdays: Actor Albert Finney is 80; producer and director James L. Brooks is 76; Murphy Brown, actress Candice Bergen is 70; multi-Grammy Award winner Billy Joel is 67; Cheap Trick bassist Tom Petersson is 66; he was Chris Stevens on Northern Exposure, actor John Corbett is 55; and baseball's -- specifically the Texas Rangers' -- Prince Fielder is 32. Today is Tear the Tags Off the Mattress Day, you are such a rebel. Today is Hurray for Buttons Day. Today is Vast Wasteland Day, the day in 1961 when Federal Communications Commission Chairman Newton Minow challenged network TV executives to sit through an entire day of their own programming. Minow suggested they would observe a vast wasteland. Today is Lost Sock Memorial Day. The day recognizes that each unmatched sock in your drawer represents a missing sock. We never throw away our unmatched socks. After all, it may show up someday. Today is National Butterscotch Brownie Day. Calendar notes: On this date in 1944, Jimmy Davis became governor of Louisiana. He wrote and recorded the hit song You Are My Sunshine, and was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1972. In 1962, a laser beam was successfully bounced off Moon for the first time. In 1984, in Chicago the White Sox beat Milwaukee 7-6 in the 25th inning of history's longest baseball game: 8 hours 6 minutes. The game began the night before but was suspended because then there was a 1:00 am curfew. In 1985, Phil Collins released the single Sussudio. In 2000, a US federal appeals court upheld a $5.4 million jury decision that Michael Bolton had plagiarized parts of the song Love is a Wonderful Thing. The original song, of the same name, was released in 1966 by the Isley Brothers. In 2000, the owner of a small Dutch tobacco shop won $4.1 million in the lottery by mistake. Having accidentally printed up more tickets than he could sell, he was forced, by law, to buy the remainder himself. One of the extra tickets was a big winner. Captain America: Civil War has opened the summer spectacularly with a dominant $181.8 million weekend. The third Captain America movie met lofty expectations with the fifth-best domestic opening weekend of all time. It has already topped the final domestic total of 2011's Captain America: The First Avenger at $176.6 million and should eclipse 2014's Captain America: The Winter Soldier at $259 million by the end of next weekend. In the fourth weekend of The Jungle Book, it finished second to Captain America. Mother's Day came in a distant third followed by The Huntsman: Winter's War. The 10th weekend of Zootopia was edged out for fifth by Keanu. There's an astronomical event happening today called The Transit of Mercury. From our perspective, Mercury will travel in front of the Sun -- and most places in the world will be able to see at least some of the transit. Because Mercury is so small, you�ll need a telescope with a solar filter to be able to see it. Nyquist was crowned the winner of the 142nd Kentucky Derby over the weekend. The colt, who was the Derby favorite, remains undefeated. Nyquist took the lead Saturday around the final bend to win the Kentucky Derby, becoming just the eighth unbeaten Derby winner in history. Nyquist is the fourth straight favorite to come in and win the race. Swimmer Michael Phelps has jumped into gene pool and become a first-time father. The 18-time Olympic gold medalist and fiancee Nicole Johnson welcomed Boomer Robert Phelps last Thursday night in Arizona, where Phelps has been training in preparation for the Rio Olympics. Phelps made the announcement over the weekend. A new all-time high score on Donkey Kong was set on Thursday. Wes Copeland played for 3 hours, 20 minutes and scored 1,218,000 points. Copeland didn�t lose a single Mario in the game. He took his first life all the way from the first level all the way to the end -- 22 levels. You just know his parents are burstinig with pride. Trivia Answer: Tony Gwynn who was born on this date in 1960. Gwynn was a 15-time All-Star, recognized for his skills both on offense and defense with seven Silver Slugger Awards and five Gold Glove Awards. He was the rare player in his era that stayed with a single team his entire career, and he played in the only two World Series appearances in San Diego's franchise history. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2007, his first year of eligibility. In 2010 he was diagnosed with cancer of a salivary gland and had lymph nodes and tumors from the gland removed. Gwynn attributed the cancer to the dipping tobacco habit that he had since playing rookie ball in Walla Walla in 1981. Doctors, however, stated that studies had not linked parotid cancer with use of chewing tobacco. After his playing career ended, Gwynn's weight peaked at 330 pounds . Later, he experienced a loss of taste for food during radiation therapy for his cancer. On June 16th of 2014, Gwynn died due to complications from his cancer. He was 54 years old. Friday 5.6.16 Morning Trivia: This television series finale was broadcast on this date in 2004. It was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most watched series finale in television history. During its run, the series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no. 21 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. What is the program? Robinson Cano ripped a three-run double in the ninth inning that broke a 3-3 tie and lifted the Mariners to a 6-3 victory over the Houston Astros last night at Minute Maid Park. Seattle won its fourth consecutive game and extended its lead in the AL West to 2.5 games over the Texas Rangers. The last time the Mariners led the AL West as late as May 5th was back in 2009. The Mariners are now 17-and-11. One year ago after 28 games, they were 11-17. The Mariners continue their four-game series with the Astros tonight at 5:05. Taijuan Walker throws for Seattle against former Mariner Doug Fister. The Mariners are back at Safeco Monday to face the Tampa Bay Rays. Birthdays: The Say Hey Kid, baseball Hall of Famer Willie Mays is 85; singer-songwriter Bob Seger is 71; former British Prime Minister Tony Blair is 63; best known as the host of America's Funniest Home Videos in the early 2000s and host of Dancing with the Stars starting in 2005, Tom Bergeron is 61; actor George Clooney is 55; Hootie & The Blowfish guitarist Mark Bryan is 49; and the Houston Astros' second baseman Jos� Altuve is 26. It's No Homework Day. Today is also International No Diet Day, a day that encourages us to appreciate the bodies we have. Today is National Nurses Day, celebrated to raise awareness of the important role nurses play in society. Today is Beverage Day -- a chance to kick back with your favorite beverage and enjoy the day. The term "beverage" is broadly defined. So, were talking about celebrating all beverages today. It's National Tourist Appreciation Day. This being the Friday before Mother's Day, it's Military Spouses Day a day to recognize and honor the real backbone of the military ... the spouses of our soldiers. This day recognizes the contributions made by military spouses to the spirit and well being of soldiers and military communities. Where would military moral be without their spouses behind them? Calendar notes: On this date in 1889, the Universal Exposition opened in Paris, France, marking the dedication of the Eiffel Tower. Also at the exposition was the first automobile in Paris, the Mercedes-Benz. In 1915, Babe Ruth hit his first major league home run while playing for the Boston Red Sox. In 1937, the Hindenburg blimp crashed in Lakehurst, New Jersey, killing 36 people. A photograph of the disaster was later used as the cover of Led Zeppelin�s first album. In 1954, British runner Roger Banister broke the four minute mile. In 1965, Keith Richards said he fell asleep in a Clearwater, Florida, hotel room and woke up in the middle of the night with a guitar riff in his head. Half-asleep, he recorded the riff to his tape recorder; it would become the basis for Satisfaction. In 1984, Tina Turner released her comeback single What's Love Got to Do With It? In 1994, Pearl Jam complained to the US Justice Department that Ticketmaster had a monopoly on selling concert tickets. In 1997, the first Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony was held in Cleveland, Ohio. Among those inducted were Crosby, Stills & Nash, The Jackson Five, The Bee Gees, Buffalo Springfield, Joni Mitchell, The Young Rascals, and Parliament Funkadelic. In 1999, a parole board in New York voted to release Amy Fisher. She had been in jail for 7 years for shooting her lover's wife, Mary Jo Buttafuoco, in the face. In 2002, Spider-Man became the first movie to make more than $100 million in its first weekend. It's finally official. Three months after Marshawn Lynch creatively announced his retirement on Twitter, the Seahawks placed the running back on the NFL's reserve/retired list yesterday. Lynch entered the NFL as the 12th overall pick by the Buffalo Bills in the 2007 draft out of the University of California and was traded to the Seahawks October 5th of 2010 for Seattle�s 2011 fourth-round pick and 2012 fifth-round pick. Lynch started 77 of the 82 games he played for Seattle and finished his Seahawks career ranking fourth in rushing attempts (1,457), second in rushing touchdowns (57), fourth in rushing yards (6,347) and third in total touchdowns (65). Lynch�s retirement means the Seahawks will have an additional $6.5 million in cap space in 2016. Lynch retired with two years remaining on his contract. The Seahawks used three of their 10 selections in the draft the past weekend on running backs. A big weekend upon us. Tomorrow is the 142nd running of the Kentucky Derby. It's on NBC at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. Saturday Night Live is new with Oscar winner Brie Larson hosting and the musical guest is Alicia Keys. In theaters, it's the opening of Capt. America: Civil War this weekend. It's already made $200 million overseas and is projected to make $200 million in its North American opening weekend. Taylor Swift has topped Billboard's list of the highest paid musicians of 2015. She has earned $73.5 million from album sales, streaming, and publishing revenue and her 1989 world tour - almost double the fortune amassed by country star Kenny Chesney, who is a distant second with $39.8 million, while The Rolling Stones come in a close third with $39.6 million. Billy Joel and One Direction close out the top five. And now she'll be hoping to use some of her fortune to pay for a grand vacation after telling Vogue magazine she has no immediate plans to start recording a new album. Trivia Answer: The program was Friends, which originally aired on NBC from September 22nd of 1994 to May 6th of 2004 -- ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer. The show revolves around six friends living in Manhattan. Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. All ten seasons of Friends ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; ultimately reaching the No. 1 spot with its eighth season. In their original contracts for the first season, cast members were paid $22,500 per episode. The cast members received different salaries in the second season, beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode. Before their salary negotiations for the third season, the cast decided to enter collective negotiations, despite Warner Bros.' preference for individual deals. The actors were given the salary of the least-paid cast member, meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced. The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight, and $1 million in seasons nine and ten, making Aniston, Cox, and Kudrow the highest paid TV actresses of all-time. The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations. Thursday 5.5.16 Morning Trivia: This actress achieved prominence for her role in the NBC situation comedy The Bob Cummings Show in the fifties, for which she twice won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, but she was best known for playing the part of Alice Nelson, the housekeeper in The Brady Bunch. Who was she? Dae-Ho Lee ripped a pair of home runs that lifted the Mariners to a 9-8 victory over the Oakland Athletics yesterday. The AL West-leading Mariners ran their winning streak to three and also swept their first series of the season despite an uncharacteristically poor outing by Felix Hernandez. The Mariners collected a season high 16 hits. The Ms had three home runs lifting their season total to 38, tops in the American League. The Mariners haven�t been in first place in their division this late in a season since 2009. The Mariners have won six consecutive series and seven of nine this season. The last time the Mariners won six consecutive series was in 2011. Seattle begins a four-game series at Houston's Minute Maid Park tonight. First pitch is at 5:10. Birthdays: Sir Galahad in Monty Python & The Quest for the Holy Grail, comedian and actor Michael Palin is 73; former editor of Rolling Stone, MTV News correspondent Kurt Loder is 71; Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward is 68; for ten years he was the anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News, Brian Williams is 57; Jennifer on Family Ties, actress Tina Yothers is 43; singer Adele is 28; and troubled singer, songwriter, dancer and actor Chris Brown is 26. It's Cinco de Mayo. On May 5th of 1862, the Mexican army defeated the French army at the Battle of Puebla. This single military battle signified defeat of a European colonial power, and a victory for the Mexican people. This single battle was the roots of Cinco de Mayo. Cinco de Mayo is not the celebration of Mexican Independence which is celebrated on September 16th. What Cinco de Mayo has come to be, is much more than one battle in the colonial history of Mexico. Rather, it has come to signify Hispanic and Mexican pride and a time to celebrate the rich culture. Today is National Hoagie Day -- a day created to give us a special day to enjoy and celebrate a big, tasty hoagie, sub, or hero. Today is Oyster Day -- not to be confused with National Oyster Day which is August 5th. Oyster Day is a pearl of a day. Oysters are a shellfish, or mollusks found in both freshwater and saltwater. They often produce pearls, making Oyster Day a real gem. In the ocean (or freshwater for some types), oysters sift food from the water around them. In doing so, they sometimes pick up a piece of sand or grit. If that piece of sand or grit gets lodged in the oyster's system, the oyster reacts to the irritant by slowly secreting a substance called nacrearound the sand. Ultimately, it develops into a pearl. Do all oysters develop a pearl? No. Did you know Seattle is the world's largest producer of cultivated pearls? It's known as the Oyster Capital of the World. Calendar notes: On this date in 1891, the Music Hall in New York City (later known as Carnegie Hall) had its grand opening and first public performance, with Tchaikovsky as the guest conductor. In 1904, pitching against the Philadelphia Athletics at the Huntington Avenue Grounds, Cy Young of the Boston Americans threw the first perfect game in the modern era of baseball. In 1925, John T. Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, was arrested for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution. In 1973, Secretariat won the 1973 Kentucky Derby in 1:59 2/5, a still standing record. In 1978, Pete Rose of the Cincinnati Reds registered his 3,000th major league hit. In 1984, Chrissi Hynde (Pretenders) and Jim Kerr (Simple Minds) were married. They later divorced. In 1986, it was announced that Cleveland, Ohio, had been chosen as the city where the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame would be built. In 1994, American teenager Michael P. Fay wa caned in Singapore for theft and vandalism, a punishment that many in the United States deemed to be excessive for a teenager committing a non-violent crime. However, significant numbers of Americans were also in favor of it. In 2010, mass protests in Greece erupted in response to austerity measures imposed by the government as a result of the Greek debt crisis. The Rolling Stones have asked presumptive Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump to stop playing their songs at his campaign events. In a statement yesterday, the band said they have not given permission to the Trump campaign to use their songs and "have requested that they cease all use immediately." A Trump campaign spokeswoman didn't immediately respond to a request for comment. Trump has featured Rolling Stones songs at his rallies for months as part of a diverse soundtrack that includes Elton John, opera and classic rock songs. The Rolling Stones' 1969 classic You Can't Always Get What You Want was a popular song choice for his events. A woman revealed that when she got sick at Disney World she thought that she had simply ridden too many rollercoasters, but it turned out that she was pregnant with triplets. Which explains why she's naming them Sneezy, Grumpy, and Dopey. In a new survey, more than half the teens questioned are saying that they feel �addicted� to their mobile devices -- and they�re not alone. Around 27 percent of parents admit to struggling to put the phone down as well. Trivia Answer: Ann B. (as in Bradford) Davis who was born on this date in 1926. She was on The Brady Bunch from 1969 to 1974. Davis played housekeeper Alice Nelson. She later returned to take part in various Brady Bunch television movies, including The Brady Girls Get Married in 1981 and A Very Brady Christmas in 1988. Davis never completely retired from acting; in her later years she was the celebrity spokeswoman in several Shake 'n Bake commercials, and later appeared in several disposable mop commercials for Swiffer. She also appeared in a number of Brady Bunch reunion projects, most recently TV Land's The Brady Bunch 35th Anniversary Reunion Special: Still Brady After All These Years. On April 22nd of 2007, The Brady Bunch was awarded the TV Land Pop Culture Award on the 5th annual TV Land Awards. Davis and other cast members accepted the award, and she received a standing ovation. Davis never married nor was she publicly known to have been romantically linked to anyone. Davis died in June of 2014, at a hospital in San Antonio, Texas. Earlier in the day, she had sustained a subdural hematoma from a fall in her bathroom. Sources close to her say she was in excellent health for an 88-year-old woman, and her death was a complete shock. Wednesday 5.4.16 Morning Trivia: This actor, comedian, film director, television producer, chef, and author was the husband of actress Carol Arthur from 1965 until his death. He generally appeared in comedic parts. In the 1970s and 1980s he often co-starred with Burt Reynolds. Together they appeared in the films The Cannonball Run and Cannonball Run II, Smokey and the Bandit II, The End, All Dogs Go to Heaven, and The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. Who is he? Hisashi Iwakuma earned his first victory of the season and the Mariners clinched their sixth consecutive series win with an 8-1 rout of the Athletics in Oakland last night. Their 13th win in the past 18 games bumped them to first in the AL West. After 12 hits Monday's game, they had 13 last night. The A�s swept three from the Mariners in Seattle in early April. The payback is being attempted at 12:35 today when the Ms and As wrap up the series. Felix Hernandez gets the start. Birthdays: Author and political commentator George F. Will is 74; Motley Crue guitarist Mick Mars is 65; from Seattle, singer Oleta Adams is 63; singer and actress Pia Zadora is 63; singer Randy Travis is 57; actor and comedian Will Arnett is 46; Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt is 44; sportscaster and Dancing with the Stars celeb Erin Andrews is 38; and from NSYNC, singer Lance Bass is 37. May is International Respect for Chickens Month and today is International Respect for Chickens Day, a day to stick up for chickens. Today is Renewal Day. It's a day of new, and old, beginnings. Things get old and out of sorts. We lose touch with friends, loved ones, and relationships. For whatever reason, we let "it" go. Well, whatever "it" is, today is the day to renew it, rejuvenate it, and bring the spark back into it. It's National Candied Orange Peel Day, a day dedicated to...you guessed it.... candied orange peels. Now, just what the heck is a candied orange peel? And, is it edible? Yes, it's edible. If you are a chef or a baker, then you know just what it is, and how to use it. For the rest of us, we likely have enjoyed it in seasonal baked goods all of our lives, without even knowing we have eaten it. Candied orange peels are a boiled, sliced, sugar added treat. You can eat them by themselves. But most often, they are used in holiday cookies, snacks, and fruitcake. Today is May the 4th, Star Wars Day. May the 4th be with you. Calendar notes: On this date in 1927, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded in Hollywood. In 1959, the winners of the first annual Grammy Awards were announced. In 1964, Another World premiered on NBC-TV. In 1970, Ohio National Guardsmen opened fire on students during an anti-Vietnam war protest at Kent State University. Four students were killed and nine others were wounded. In 1975, Moe Howard, the last of the original Three Stooges, died of cancer at age 78. His real name was Moses Horwitz. Moe, with his brothers Curly and Shemp, created the Three Stooges as a vaudeville act. They made 190 short movies. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Britain's first woman prime minister. In 1987, Playtex became the first manufacturer to air TV ads featuring live models wearing bras. In 2001, actress Bonnie Lee Bakley was fatally shot while sitting in a car waiting for her actor husband Robert Blake. In April 2002, Blake was charged with the murder, but a jury acquitted him in 2005. In 2012, in Las Vegas, Google received the first self-driving vehicle testing license. Beast Mode's number is off limits. That's according to Seahawk's general manager John Schneider, who said this week that no Seattle Seahawks player will wear No. 24 next season. On Saturday, Seahawks wide receiver Doug Baldwin tweeted coach Pete Carroll requesting that none of the 10 players selected during last week's NFL draft wear Lynch's jersey. An Ohio high school student surprised his mom by asking her to prom. Trey Potter said he wanted to show his mother how much he admires her after everything she�s been through in her life. She grew up living in 23 different foster care homes and was pregnant and homeless at 16. She never went to prom. And with that, we did adieu to Ted Crus. The insurgent Texan whose presidential campaign was fueled by disdain for Washington, announced he was leaving the race last night, removing the last major hurdle in Donald Trump�s quest to become to become the Republican nominee for president. Cruz�s decision came after losing overwhelmingly to Trump in the Indiana primary, all but ensuring that The Donald will claim his party�s mantle at the Republican National Convention in July. Kit Kat has launched the most bizarre chocolate snack ever -- Melon & Cheese flavor. It�s currently only being sold at airports in Japan. Trivia Answer: Dom DeLuise who died on this date in 2009. DeLuise was probably best known as a regular in Mel Brooks' films. He appeared in The Twelve Chairs, Blazing Saddles, Silent Movie, History of the World, Part I, Spaceballs, and Robin Hood: Men in Tights. At the time of his death, Mel Brooks told the Los Angeles Times that Dom "created so much joy and laughter on the set that you couldn�t get your work done. So every time I made a movie with Dom, I would plan another two days on the schedule just for laughter." DeLuise died at the age of 75. Tuesday 5.3.16 Morning Trivia: This singer and actor was born in Tacoma. Three years later, his family moved to Spokane. When this guy was was 10, his father built the family a house in Spokane -- a house that now sits on the campus of this singer's alma mater, Gonzaga University, and formerly housed the Alumni Association. This singer's trademark bass-baritone voice made him one of the best-selling recording artists of the 20th century, with over half a billion records in circulation. Who is he? Robinson Cano had three hits and scored twice, Kyle Seager hit a tiebreaking double in the sixth inning and the Seattle Mariners beat the Oakland Athletics 4-3 last night. Nelson Cruz added three hits, and Chris Iannetta and Adam Lind drove in runs for the Mariners, who have won five straight at the Oakland Coliseum. Cano's double in the fourth put him in elite company. He became the fifth second baseman in major league history to have at least 2,000 hits, 450 doubles, 200 home runs and 1,000 RBIs. The other four are Rogers Hornsby, Roberto Alomar, Jeff Kent and Craig Biggio. Hisashi Iwakuma starts against Oakland tonight at 7:00 seeking his third consecutive win over the A's. Birthdays: Singer Frankie Valli is 82; inventor Ron Popeil is 81; sports announcer Greg Gumbel is 70; singer Mary Hopkin is 66; Grammy winner, singer Christopher Cross is 65; and the current bass player REO Speedwagon, Bruce Hall is 63. One of the less well-known days celebrated is today's Lumpy Rug Day, where we dedicate time to appreciating our rugs. No rug should ever become lumpy or ragged, and so every year people are encouraged to smooth their rugs out and revel in the beauty of a perfectly flat rug. Today is Garden Meditation Day. Today is National Two Different Colored Shoes Day, a day to take a risk and step outside your daily routine. Today is Paranormal Day. A day for those who believe in paranormal activity to share experiences all around the world. At the very least, it�s a great excuse to catch up with friends and watch a scary movie. Today is World Press Freedom Day. The day to recognize the value of freedom of expression, and the sacrifices journalists have made to attain this freedom. This being Tuesday of the first full week of May, it's National Teacher Appreciation Day. A day that honors those hard working, patient, and understanding people whom we entrust our children to. Calendar notes: On this date in 1654, America's first toll bridge was competed over the Newbury River at Rowley, Massachusetts. The authorizing legislation set the toll at two shillings per cow, ox, or horse, and a half shilling per hog, sheep, or goat. No toll was permitted on people crossing the bridge. In 1921, West Virginia imposed the first state sales tax in the US. In 1937, Margaret Mitchell won a Pulitzer Prize for Gone With The Wind. In 1976, Wings kicked off their Wings Over America tour in Fort Worth, Texas. It was Paul McCartney's first American live show in 10 years. In 1991, the final episode of Dallas aired on CBS. Lasting 13 seasons in prime-time, it was second in longevity only to Gunsmoke. In 1992, five days of rioting and looting ended in Los Angeles. The riots, that killed 53 people, began after the acquittal of police officers in the beating of Rodney King. In 2003, President Bush told a news conference in Crawford, Texas, it was a matter of when, not if, weapons of mass destruction would be found in Iraq. Seattle's City Council yesterday voted not vacate a stretch of road where an investor aiming to bring an NBA team to the Northwest hopes to eventually build an arena that could house it. By a 5-4 vote the council chose not to sell a small section of Occidental Avenue South in the SoDo District, throwing a wrench in Chris Hansen's arena project. The vacating of the street was viewed as the last major step toward Hansen getting a master-use permit and making the $490 million arena shovel ready to lure an NBA team before a memorandum of understanding allowing $200 million in public financing for the project with the city and King County expires in late 2017. Sunday was the final performance of elephants in the Ringling Brothers Barnum & Bailey Circus. They are forever leaving the circus. Turns out Kelly Ripa is upset because no one told her. According to a survey , 33% of Americans have dated someone who turned out to be a 'creep,' while 35% have dated someone they ended up calling a 'jerk' � and 18% have even dated someone who turned out to be a 'witch.' Overall, according' to the survey, 21% describe being involved in a dating experience that turned out to be just plain 'toxic.' Trivia Answer: Bing Crosby who was born on this date in 1903. The Crosby House in Tumwater was Bing Crosby's grandfather's house. A multimedia star, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was a leader in record sales, radio ratings, and motion picture grosses. The biggest hit of Crosby's career was his recording of Irving Berlin's White Christmas, which he introduced through a radio broadcast during the 1942 Christmas season, and the movie Holiday Inn. Crosby's recording hit the charts on October 3, 1942, and rose to #1 on October 31, where it stayed for 11 weeks. A holiday perennial, the song was repeatedly re-released by Decca, charting another 16 times. It topped the charts again in 1945, and for a third time in January 1947. The song remains the best-selling single of all time. According to Guinness World Records, Crosby's recording of White Christmas has sold over 100 million copies around the world, with at least 50 million sales as singles. Crosby's recording was so popular that he was obliged to re-record it in 1947 using the same musicians and backup singers; the original 1942 master had become damaged due to its frequent use in pressing additional singles. Though the two versions are very similar, it is the 1947 recording which is most familiar today. Monday 5.2.16 Morning Trivia: He's a guitarist, songwriter, producer, and recording artist. He's a Detroit native. In the mid-1970s he was a sideman in Barry White's Love Unlimited Orchestra before creating an R&B group called Raydio in 1977. Raydio scored a series of chart hits and then broke up in 1981. This guy is primarily known for the theme song to a mid-80s motion picture. Who is he? The Mariners wrapped up a successful homestand with a forgettable performance, losing 4-1 to the Kansas City Royals yesterday. Seattle went 4-and-2 on the homestand, falling in the series finale as starter Taijuan Walker lost his first game of the season. Walker struggled through his first rough outing of 2015, although he pitched well enough to keep the Mariners within striking distance. He allowed just five runs over his first four starts, but gave up three runs off seven hits in his five innings of work yesterday. Seattle�s 13-and-10 mark last month marked the first time the Mariners have finished April with a record above .500 since 2009. The Mariners have won five consecutive series. The Mariners will try to follow up a successful homestand -- been a while since those words were put together -- with a seven-game road trip that begins tonight in Oakland. Birthdays: Engelbert Humperdinck is 80; Mick Jagger�s ex, Bianca Jagger is 71; the original lead singer for Foreigner, Lou Gramm is 66; The Rock, wrestler and actor Dwayne Johnson is 44; soccer celebrity David Beckham is 41; singer-songwriter Lily Allen is 31; and race car driver Kyle Busch is also 31. Smiley, squishy, faces are perfect reasons to put Baby Day on the map. Today is National Babies Day, a day to celebrate babies. Babies Day is observed on the birth date of Dr. Benjamin Spock. Calendar notes: On this date in 1939, not hitting well, Ironman Lou Gehrig approached his manager and said, "I'm benching myself, Joe for the good of the team." That after playing 2,130 consecutive games. The Yankees destroyed Detroit 22-2, and Gehrig never played baseball again. In 1974, the filming of the movie Jaws began in Martha's Vineyard. In 1975, The Beatles closed down Apple Records. In 1977, Eric Clapton recorded Wonderful Tonight. In 1988, Melissa Etheridge released her self-titled debut album. In 1997, 44-year-old Tony Blair became Britains youngest prime minister in 185 years. In 2007, Iowa spent $6,000 to change the locks at one of its state prisons after someone paid $12 on e-Bay for a set of keys belonging to a guard who retired in the 1970s. The warden said he did not know if any of the old keys actually opened any of the locks in the 135-year-old prison -- but he was not sure they didn't. The prison housed a number of violent criminals. The Jungle Book pulverized a trio of box office lightweights, racking up $42.4 million to lead ticket sales for the third consecutive weekend. Disney's live-action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's Mowgli stories has made $252.1 million since opening last month. It should have no trouble becoming the fourth film this year to cross $300 million domestically, joining the likes of Deadpool, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, and Zootopia. A holdover: In its second weekend, The Huntsman: Winter's War dropped 52% to $9.4 million for a second place finish. Keanu, an action-comedy sendup from Jordan Peele and Keegan-Michael Key, nabbed third place with $9.3 million. The weak result is alleviated somewhat by the fact that the release cost a meager $15 million to produce. The film finds the stars of Comedy Central's Key & Peele trying to rescue a kidnapped kitten. Reviews were strong, which could help the picture in the coming weeks when the competition gets fiercer. Mother's Day, an ensemble romantic comedy with Julia Roberts and Jennifer Aniston, collapsed at the multiplexes, eking out $8.3 million to finish in fourth. Barbershop: The Next Cut rounded out the top five, earning $6.1 million. Of course, the whole weekend was really just a throat clearing for Captain America: Civil War, which barrels into theaters on Friday. The superhero sequel could pull in as much as $200 million to score one of the biggest openings in history. It already made more than $200 million overseas this weekend after debuting in a select number of foreign territories. Seattle Seahawks general manager John Schneider says the team has not received retirement paperwork for Marshawn Lynch. After the conclusion of the draft Saturday, Schneider said the paperwork has not been filed with the league, but the Seahawks are prepared from a salary cap standpoint whether Lynch's retirement becomes official before or after June 1st. Asked if he knew when those papers would be filed, Schneider said, "Your guess is as good as mine." Coach Pete Carroll reiterated that Lynch is retired and not planning to play this year. Lynch announced his intentions to retire during the second half of the Super Bowl, posting a picture on social media. He's spent some of the offseason in Egypt at a football camp and in Haiti on a relief mission. Cowabunga, dudes! The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are New York City's official family ambassadors for 2016. The city's tourism agency announced that the sewer-dwelling reptiles will star in ads to encourage families to explore New York. The agency says the turtles are the perfect guides to help families discover the vibrancy and excitement throughout the five boroughs. The crime-fighting ninja turtles Donatello, Michelangelo, Leonardo and Raphael started out in comic books in the 1980s before branching out to TV and film. The latest movie came out in 2014 and a sequel is set for release in June. They succeed Dora the Explorer, who served as last year's ambassador. Trivia Answer: Ray Parker, Jr. who turned 62 yesterday. The band Raydio was spelled R-A-Y-D-I-O. The song Ray is most famous for was the theme from Ghostbusters. The song was #1 for three weeks on Billboard's Hot 100 chart and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1984 but lost to Stevie Wonder's I Just Called to Say I Love You from The Woman in Red. Parker was accused of plagiarizing the melody from the 1984 Huey Lewis and the News song I Want a New Drug. The Ghostbusters theme was released only six months after Lewis' hit reached #6 in the Billboard Hot 100. The accusation ended with Lewis suing Parker, and the pair settled out of court in 1985. They returned to court once again in 2001, as Parker sued Lewis for breaching a confidentiality agreement forming part of their original out of court settlement which prohibited either side from speaking about it publicly. Lewis had implied in a VH1 Behind The Music special that Parker had paid a financial settlement as part of the original agreement.

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November 30 is a time to celebrate the birthday of what TV personality, known as The World’s Oldest Teenager, who hosted American Bandstand and still does the New Year’s Rockin’ Eve broadcast every December 31st?

Dick Clark - Biography - IMDb Dick Clark Biography Showing all 99 items Jump to: Overview  (5) | Mini Bio  (1) | Spouse  (3) | Trade Mark  (3) | Trivia  (84) | Personal Quotes  (3) Overview (5) 5' 8" (1.73 m) Mini Bio (1) Dick Clark was born and raised in Mount Vernon, New York on November 30, 1929 to Julia Fuller and Richard Augustus Clark. He had one older brother, Bradley, who was killed in World War II. At the age of 16, Clark got his first job in the mailroom of WRUN, a radio station in Utica, New York, which was owned by his uncle and managed by his father. He worked his way up the ranks and was promoted to weatherman before becoming a radio announcer. After graduating from Syracuse University with a degree in business administration, Clark began working at several radio and television stations before landing at WFIL radio in 1952. While working at the station, Clark became a substitute host for Bob Horn's Bandstand, an afternoon program where teenagers danced to popular music, broadcast by WFIL's affiliated television station. In 1956, Horn was arrested for drunk driving, giving Clark the perfect opportunity to step in as the full-time host. After acquiring nationwide distribution the newly reformatted program, now titled "American Bandstand", premiered on ABC on August 5, 1957. In addition to the name change, Clark added interviews with artists (starting with Elvis Presley), lip-sync performances, and "Rate-a-Record," allowing teens to judge the songs on the show - and giving birth to the popular phrase, "It's got a good beat and you can dance to it." Clark also established a formal dress code, mandating dresses and skirts for the women and a coat and tie for the men. But perhaps the most impactful change that Clark made to the show was ending "American Bandstand's" all-white policy, allowing African American artists to perform on the show. Under Clark's influence, "Bandstand" became one of the most successful and longest-running musical programs, featuring artists including Chuck Berry, the Doors, the Beach Boys, Pink Floyd, and Smokey Robinson. Sonny and Cher, The Jackson 5, Prince, and Aerosmith were among the influential artists and bands that made their television debuts on "Bandstand", which is also credited with helping to make America more accepting of rock 'n' roll. With the success of "American Bandstand", Clark became more invested in the music publishing and recording businesses, and began managing artists, hosting live sock hops, and arranging concert tours. But in 1960, when the United States Senate began investigating "payola", the practice in which music producing companies paid broadcasting companies to favor their products, Clark became caught up in the scandal. The investigation found he had partial copyrights to over 150 songs, many of which were featured on his show. Clark denied he was involved in any way, but admitted to accepting a fur and jewelry from a record company president. In the end, the Senate could not find any illegal actions by Clark, but ABC asked Clark to either sell his shares in these companies or leave the network so there was no conflict of interest. He chose to sell and continue on as host of "American Bandstand", which was unaffected by the scandal. In 1964, Clark moved Bandstand from Philadelphia to Los Angeles and became more involved in television production. Under his company Dick Clark Productions, he produced such shows as "Where the Action Is", "TV's Bloopers and Practical Jokes", and more recently, "So You Think You Can Dance", as well as made-for-television movies including "Elvis", "The Birth of the Beatles", "Wild Streets", and "The Savage Seven". Clark also hosted television's "$10,000 Pyramid", "TV Bloopers and Practical Jokes" (with co-host Ed McMahon), "Scattergories", and "The Other Half". Clark also had several radio programs, including "The Dick Clark National Music Survey", "Countdown America", and "Rock, Roll & Remember". In 1972, he produced and hosted the very first edition of "Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve", a musical program where Clark counted down until the New Year ball dropped in Times Square, featuring taped performances from musical artists. "New Year's Rockin' Eve" soon became a cultural tradition, airing on ABC every year with Clark as host (except in 1999 when ABC aired "ABC 2000: Today", a news milestone program hosted by Peter Jennings). In December 2004, Clark suffered a minor stroke and was unable to host, so Regis Philbin stepped in as a substitute. The following year, Clark returned as co-host alongside primary host Ryan Seacrest. Many were worried about Clark due to his slurred and breathless speech, and he admitted on-air he was still recovering but that he wouldn't have missed the broadcast for the world. The following year, Seacrest became "New Year's Rockin' Eve's" primary host, but Clark always returned for the countdown. Clark has received several notable awards including four Emmy Awards, the Daytime Emmy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994, and the Peabody Award in 1999. He was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1976, The Radio Hall of Fame in 1990, Broadcasting Magazine Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Clark had been in St. John's hospital in Los Angeles after undergoing an outpatient procedure the night of April 17, 2012. Clark suffered a massive heart attack following the procedure. Attempts to resuscitate him were unsuccessful and he died the next morning of April 18, 2012. - IMDb Mini Biography By: Michelle Bryant Spouse (3) His departing catchphrase delivered with a military salute. His youthful appearance Short stature Trivia (84) He and his wife, Kari Clark , were married on 7/7/77 in a ceremony that started at 7:00 pm. His address in Burbank at that time was PO Box 7777. John Davidson 's father was the man who performed Dick and Kari Clark 's wedding vows. First wife Barbara Mallery (aunt of composer Billy Mallery ) was his childhood sweetheart. Before he was a successful television host and producer, he began his career in 1945, in the mailroom of WRUN in Utica, New York, working his way up to weatherman and then newsman. WRUN was owned by Dick's uncle and run by Dick's father. Graduated from Syracuse University in 1951 with a degree in business administration. When New American Bandstand 1965 (1952) was picked up by ABC in 1957, he changed its name to "American Bandstand", ended the show's all-white policy and began introducing black artists. By 1959, it was broadcast by 101 affiliates and reached an audience of 20 million. In 1959, the United States Senate began investigating the practice of "payola", in which record companies bribed radio personalities to play new records. Clark admitted he accepted a fur stole and jewelry and held financial interests in artists and songs that were frequently on New American Bandstand 1965 (1952). Even though he was cleared of any wrongdoing, he was ordered to either leave ABC or sell his interests; he sold. Children with Loretta Martin: Duane Clark and Cindy Clark . Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. Was the co-owner of Film Ventures International Pictures with Edward L. Montoro for several years. On 2/14/02, Dick Clark Productions announced it will be acquired for $140 million by Mosaic Media Group, Inc., Capital Communications CDPQ Inc., and Jules Haimovitz, a senior television executive. Stockholders will receive $14.50 per share in cash. Clark himself will receive $12.50 per share in cash for a portion of his shares. Dick Clark Productions was founded in 1957. Child with first wife Barbara Mallery, Richard, Jr., was born 9 January 1957 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was inducted into the Radio Hall of Fame in 1990. Filed suit in federal court in Los Angeles, alleging that Michael Greene, president and chief executive of the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, maintains a "blacklist" policy that prevents stars - including Britney Spears , Michael Jackson , Sean Combs and Toni Braxton - from performing on both Greene's Grammy Awards and Clark's American Music Awards. The suit seeks $10 million in damages. (19 December 2001) Rarely consumed alcoholic beverages, and every December 31, when he and his wife hosted "Rockin' New Year's Eve", she didn't drink, either. In December of 2004 he was hospitalized for a mild stroke. He recovered. In 2005, for the first time in 32 years, he was not around to see the New Year in with his "Rockin' New Year's Eve" celebration on television. It was hoped that after he had suffered his mild stroke in early December 2004 that he would recover enough to host the festivities. With Clark still in his hospital bed on New Year's Eve, Regis Philbin filled in for him. Was a close personal friend of singer Connie Francis . Connie's music label was going to drop her if her last recorded song didn't sell. Thankfully, Dick played it, "Who's Sorry Now", on New American Bandstand 1965 (1952) and it became an instant hit. Dick stayed by her side even through her personal tragedies and she thanks him in every single one of her shows. In one of his few dramatic roles, he played against his nice guy image to portray the murderer in the final episode (air date 2 May 1966) of Perry Mason (1957). The episode was appropriately titled, Perry Mason: The Case of the Final Fade-Out (1966). He also played against type as a nerdy guy who turns out to be a psycho killer in the film, Killers Three (1968). He produced the late Friday night ABC-TV series, In Concert (1972) (1972-1973), which featured many of the top rock acts of the day including Alice Cooper , Jim Croce and The Allman Brothers Band . Was considered as host of Las Vegas Gambit (1972), but lost the job to fellow game show host Wink Martindale . Clark would do The $10,000 Pyramid (1973), nearly 7 months later. He had been in St. John's Hospital in Los Angeles after undergoing an outpatient procedure the night of April 17, 2012. He suffered a massive heart attack following the procedure. Attempts to resuscitate him were unsuccessful and he died the next morning, April 18, 2012. Received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1976. Received a Daytime Emmy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994 and a Peabody Award in 1999. Longtime friend of Tony Orlando and Larry Klein . Long before he was one of Hollywood's successful television hosts and producers, he worked at WOLF-AM, then a country music station, in Syracuse, New York. Had hosted his New Years' Rockin' Eve every year from 1972 to 1999 (when it was preempted for ABC 2000: The Millennium (1999)), then from 2001 to 2003, just the year before he suffered a massive stroke, which reduced his role, between 2005 to 2011. Filled in for Casey Kasem once on American Top 40 in 1972. Met Ed McMahon , when the two were both living in Philadelphia, and McMahon praised him for first bringing him together with future television partner Johnny Carson when all three worked at ABC in the late 1950s. More than a quarter of a century later, Clark would be re-teaming up with McMahon hosting Super Bloopers and Practical Jokes (1984). Upon his death, he was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean. Before his death, he underwent surgery to fix an enlarged prostate. On an episode of American Idol (2002), host and good friend Ryan Seacrest paid tribute to him, along with another television host, Don Cornelius , who died 2 1/2 months before him. [18 April 2012]. Friends with: Bob Barker , Casey Kasem , Bob Eubanks , Richard Dawson , Gene Rayburn , Bill Cullen , Geoff Edwards , Wink Martindale , Chuck Woolery , Alex Trebek , Jim Lange , Ed McMahon , Dinah Shore , Johnny Gilbert , Charlie O'Donnell , Connie Francis , Donna Summer , Bob Hope , Frank Sinatra , Sammy Davis Jr. , Dean Martin , Robert Conrad , Pat Sajak , Regis Philbin , Jo Anne Worley , Vicki Lawrence , Jamie Farr , Betty White , 'Weird Al' Yankovic , Marla Gibbs and Barry Manilow . At the beginning of Clark's 31st year (1986-87) of hosting New American Bandstand 1965 (1952), ABC had reduced the series from a full hour to 30 minutes, and the guest list was dropped from 2 artists to 1 artist, for each show, and Clark was very disappointed in the show the direction was going, therefore, his show moved from ABC to syndication to The USA Cable Network, with David Hirsch replacing Dick Clark as host, in the final season of 1988. In his 16-year tenure as the host of The $10,000 Pyramid (1973), among the guests were Vicki Lawrence , Jamie Farr , Constance McCashin , Henry Polic II , Ed Begley Jr. , Martha Smith , Shelley Smith , Teresa Ganzel , Barry Jenner and David Graf . Made 2 cameo appearances on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990). In one episode he plays himself at a Philadelphia diner, and in the other he helps Will Smith 's character host bloopers from past episodes of that sitcom. Best remembered by the public as the host of New American Bandstand 1965 (1952) and The $10,000 Pyramid (1973). In his six-decade career, he had an almost 40-year history of hosting game shows, as well as a Top 40 radio countdown show. Because he was hosting The Challengers (1990) at the time, he was unavailable to host the revamped version of The $10,000 Pyramid (1973) in early 1991, when John Davidson became the new host. On the premiere episode, he sent a pre-recorded message wishing Davidson well in hosting the show. Made a guest appearance on an episode of Let's Make a Deal (1990), where he was showing the dealers an item. Was Bob Stewart 's first choice as host of the new game show, The $10,000 Pyramid (1973), which he accepted and stayed with the role, for 16 years, with only a couple of interruptions, between 1973 and 1989. Before he was a successful television host, a game show host and a producer, he used to share afternoon duties with the then- New American Bandstand 1965 (1952) host, Bob Horn at WFIL-AM in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Horn was working on radio and television simultaneously, and wasn't happy about it. Replaced Bob Horn as the new host of New American Bandstand 1965 (1952), for which he had hosted for 31 years, from 1956 to 1987. When New American Bandstand 1965 (1952) was first televised by ABC in 1957, the program started a half-hour earlier at 2:30 pm weekdays on local affiliate WFIL in Philadelphia, then joined the network at 3:00 pm. At 3:30 pm the telecast broke away for a half-hour and was replaced by the quiz show Do You Trust Your Wife? (1957) starring Johnny Carson , televised from New York. "Bandstand" returned to the air from 5:00-6:00 pm. This was a rarity, even by today's standards: a 90-minute live show, with another program serving as an intermission. His idol, when he was very young, was Bill Cullen . When he was new to Hollywood, Ryan Seacrest went to Clark's office to talk to him about breaking into show business. Clark's secretary initially turned him away, but Clark stopped her, inviting Seacrest into his office. The two became good friends and Seacrest credits Clark for being his mentor and helping launch his career. He was a lifelong Republican and conservative. In the history of New American Bandstand 1965 (1952), only two recording artists performed the same song twice, in one appearance. This occurred in 1958, when Chuck Berry , in his network TV debut, sang "Rock and Roll Music" and in 1961, when Gary U.S. Bonds performed "A Quarter To Three",. From 1965-67 he hosted Where the Action Is (1965), a daily mid-afternoon rock/pop variety show similar in format to Shindig! (1964) and Hullabaloo (1965), complete with go-go dancers and top recording acts. The show originated from various vacation resorts such as California's Big Sur and Malibu. Regulars on the show performed their own songs, as well as other hits of the day, They included Linda Scott , Steve Alaimo and Paul Revere & The Raiders . In its first season (1957), ABC presented a nighttime version of New American Bandstand 1965 (1952). It ran for a half-hour for 13 weeks on Monday nights (Oct. 7-Dec. 30). Dick's guests included The Everly Brothers , Mickey & Sylvia and The Billy Williams Quartette . Ironically, the nighttime "American Bandstand", hosted by Clark, would finally end the night before New Year's Eve 1957. Beginning in 1972 and for four decades Clark would be a welcome guest in American households as host of "Dick Clark's Rockin' New Year's Eve". He hosted The Dick Clark Show (1958) on ABC, from New York City's Little Theater (renamed, in 1983, The Helen Hayes Theater). The half-hour weekly show headlined five top pop/rock acts each week. Many of the regular teens who appeared on New American Bandstand 1965 (1952) made the trip from Philadelphia to New York City and were seated in the audience. Co-owner of Swan Records. Dick Clark passed away on April 18, 2012, at age 82. This was just 2 1/2 months after Don Cornelius committed suicide. Both Clark and Cornelius had a feud when Clark created and produced the short-lived series 'Soul Unlimited,' which was a more risqué and controversial imitator of the then-popular series Soul Train (1971). Had also hosted another long-running radio show, Rock, Roll & Remember, a four-hour oldies show named after Clark's 1976 autobiography. Each week, Clark would profile a different artist from the rock and roll era and count down the top four songs that week from a certain year in the 1950s, 1960s or early 1970s. He hosted the show, every year, for 23 years, until Clark suffered a stroke, late in 2004. Met another disc jockey, Casey Kasem , on KTLA's after-school dance show, 'Shebang,' in 1963. The friendship lasted 49 years, until Clark's death in 2012. Graduated from A.B. Davis High School in Mount Vernon, New York, in 1947. Before he was a successful game show host, television personality and producer, he worked as a principal in pro-broadcasters operator of 1440 KPRO in Riverside, California, from 20 years. Though he never retired from hosting or producing television, he took a medical leave, at age 75, after a stroke. At age 22, Clark moved to Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, in 1952, to pursue a career as a radio disc jockey and a television personality, who would live there until 1962. Ranked #7 on Life's 15 Best Game Show Hosts. Disco singer Donna Summer guest hosted New American Bandstand 1965 (1952), once. On that day, it was an 'All Salute To Disco.'. His widow, Kari Clark , was 13 years his junior. Had type-2 diabetes. A member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Phi Gamma). An avid radio listener, when he was a boy.

Dick Clark

Dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic, today is World AIDS day. What color ribbon is worn to mark the day?

NOVEMBER: Birthdays and Deaths REMEMBER THIS MONTH November ????. 2007: Barry Morgan (63) English drummer and percussionists born in London; he started out professionally playing drums on the British merchant fleet cruise ships in the early 1960s, after which he became a top session musician working with 100s of musicians over his career including Rod Stewart, Cat Stevens, Elaine Page, David Bowie, Melanie, Walker Brothers, and Harry Nilsson to mention a few. As well in late 1967 he launched Morgan Studios which soon had to be expanded to keep up with demand. In 1969, he co-founded Blue Mink notching up 6 top 20 hits in the UK and he opened more studios in Brussels, Belgium in 1973. Over his long and very busy career he also played with singer Tom Jones for some ten years, he and his wife owned and operated the Arena Theater in Houston, and he had been a member of CCS aka Collective Consciousness Society, Gullivers People, Electric Coconut and Elton John's band (?) b. November 1st 1944. November 1 . 1942: Hugo Distler (34) German composer, born in Nuremberg, he is known mostly for his sacred choral music. He attended Leipzig Conservatory for composition and organ. He became organist at St. Jacobi in Lübeck in 1931. He also taught at the School for Church Music in Spandau, and became a professor of church music in Berlin in 1940. (Hugo became increasingly depressed from the death of friends, aerial attacks, job pressures, and the constant threat of conscription into the German army, he committed suicide) b. June 24th 1908. 1952: Dixie Lee/Wilma Winifred Wyatt (40) American actress, dancer, and singer born in Harriman, Tennessee; she married Bing Crosby at the age of 18, and had four sons with him, two of whom, eventually committed suicide. (sadly died from ovarian cancer) b. November 4th 1911. 1986: Serge Garant, OC (57) Canadian composer, conductor, professor of music at the University of Montreal and radio host of Musique de notre siècle on Radio-Canada. In 1966 he cofounded with Jean Papineau-Couture, Maryvonne Kendergi, Wilfrid Pelletier and Hugh Davidson the Société de musique contemporaine du Québec. In 1979, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.The Prix Serge-Garant was created in his honor by the Fondation Émile Nelligan (?) b. September 22nd 1929. 2010: Charles John "Charlie" O'Donnell (78) American radio and television announcer and one time DJ, primarily known for his work on game shows. In 1958, he became the sidekick of Dick Clark on WFIL-TV's afternoon dance program, American Bandstand. This led to several stints as a disc jockey on Los Angeles radio (most notably on legendary Pasadena station KRLA, 1964–67). He is also featured on the Simon and Garfunkel song "7 O'Clock News/Silent Night" as the news announcer. He made a full-time career as an announcer on many television shows throughout the decades, with such series as The Joker's Wild, Tic-Tac-Dough, Bullseye and The $100,000 Pyramid. He also served as announcer for the American Music Awards, the Emmy Awards and the Academy Awards. (sadly died from heart failure) b. August 12th 1932.. 2003: Anton Maiden/Anton Gustafsson (23) Swedish singer and music fan born in Kinna, Västergötland, he achieved Internet fame around 1999 by singing over MIDI and MOD-versions of Iron Maiden songs. He started by publishing some songs on the Internet for a small group of friends. After being encouraged by them, he made some songs available to the public in his album Anton Gustafsson tolkar Iron Maiden, which was distributed under Lunacy and Nihilism record labels. In an interview with the Swedish newspaper Expressen, he told journalist Martin Carlsson that Iron Maiden fans "think that my interpretations are a disgrace to Iron Maiden. But that was never my intent." (Apparently led by feelings of depression Anton committed suicide) b. February 24th 1980. 2004: Terry Knight/Richard Terrance Knapp (61) American rock n roll music producer, singer-songwriter, radio personality, promoter and founded and frontman of The Pack. He enjoyed some success in radio, modest success as a singer, but phenomenal success as the original manager-producer for Grand Funk Railroad and the producer for Bloodrock. Between 1970-72, he was a successful and controversial promoter in the rock business, racking up an eight gold albums. He retired from show business in 1973, and evenually, after sorting his drug prblem out he settled in Yuma AZ with his wife and daughter Danielle. He jelled into the community working in advertising sales for a weekly newspaper. (died from multiple stab wounds in a fight with his daughter's boyfriend, Donald A. Fair, against whom Terry was trying to protect his daughter, in their apartment in Temple, Texas) b. April 9th 1943. 2004: Mac Dre/Andre Hicks (34) American gangsta rap artist,was one of the originators of hyphy and is generally considered the creator of Thizz music. He worked with well-known artists such as Snoop Dogg, Pisi-P,Warren G, Richie Rich, Keak da Sneak, E-40, Daz Dillinger, Baby Bash, B-Legit, San Quinn, Yukmouth, PSD, Andre Nickatina, Mac Mall, Ray Luv and Too Short. (shot to death while returning to his hotel after a performance in Kansas City, Missouri) b. July 5th 1970... read more 2005: Skitch Henderson/Lyle Russell Cedric Henderson (87) American bandleader, pianist, conductor, and composer, born in Halstad, Minnesota. He started his professional career in the 1930s playing piano in the roadhouses of the American Midwest, his major break being as an accompanist on a 1937 MGM promotional tour featuring Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney. After the war, he worked for NBC Radio, where he was the musical director for Frank Sinatra's Lucky Strike Show and The Philco Hour with Bing Crosby and he also played on Bob Hope's Pepsodent Show. He went on to found the New York Pops Orchestra in 1983 and served as the music director and conductor of the orchestra until his death. He conducted numerous symphonic orchestras throughout the world. Skitch also succeeded Toscanini as music director for NBC Television and was the original conductor of the orchestras for The Tonight Show and The Today Show (?) b. January 27th 1918. 2008: Yma Sumac/Zoila Augusta Emperatriz Chávarri del Castillo (86) Peruvian soprano; one of the most famous proponents of exotica music, who became an international success, based on the merits of her extreme vocal range, a span of near five octaves. Born in Ichocán, Cajamarca, Peru, at the age of 13, she was invited to appear on Argentinean radio. Soon South America was quite enchanted with this amazing voice. In 1943, she recorded around 16 songs in Argentina, most have been released on CD in this last decade. A now classic record, 'Voice of the Xtabay' was recorded in 1950 and sold over 100,000 copies without major publicity. After a massively successful concert at the Hollywood Bowl in 1950, Yma would became world famous and traveled the globe and become a vocal phenomenon. In the 50's, she also appeared in at least 4 films, had worldwide fan clubs and was eventually declared "the 8th wonder of the world." She performed globaly throughout her life and on May 6th 2006, Yma flew to Lima, where she was presented the Orden del Sol award by Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo and the Jorge Basadre medal by the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (cancer) b. September 13th 1922. 2008: Nathaniel Mayer (64) American rhythm & blues singer born in Detroit, Michigan, who started his career in the early 1960s at Fortune Records. He had a raw, highly energetic vocal style and wild stage show. At aged 18 years old he scored a Top 40 hit record in 1962 with "Village of Love," credited to Nathaniel Mayer and The Fabulous Twilights, followed by "Leave Me Alone," and "I Want Love and Affection (Not The House Of Correction)". After a 35 year absence from music, in 2002 Nat began recording and touring again, realeasing albums with Fat Possum, Alive Records and Norton Records. (stroke) b. February 10th 1944. 2008: Jimmy Carl Black/James Inkanish Jr (70) Cheyenne Native American drummer, vocalist and founding member of the Mothers of Invention; he also worked as a guest vocalist with Muffin Men, with Jon Larsen on the surrealistic Strange News From Mars project, featuring several other Zappa alumni, such as Tommy Mars, Bruce Fowler, Arthur Barrow and several of his own bands. His trademark line was "Hi Boys and Girls, I'm Jimmy Carl Black, and I'm the Indian of the group." (lung cancer) b. February 1st 1938... read more 2008: Shakir Stewart (34) American record executive; afer graduating from Morehouse College in Atlanta, he build a small studio with a couple of friends. The group then signed several young producers in the Atlanta area. He went to work at Hitco Music Publishing, where he signed Beyoncé. He was then appointed A&R consultant at LaFace Records signing Ciara to the label. He stayed there until 2004. At the time of his death he was the Senior Vice President of Island Def Jam Music Group and the Executive Vice President of Def Jam (Shakir was found dead in the bathroom of his home in the Atlanta suburb of Marietta with a self-inflicted gunshot wound) b. April 12th 1974. 2011: André Hodeir (90) French author, jazz arranger and composer born in Paris. He studied at the Conservatoire de Paris, and won first prizes in fugue, harmony, and music history. While pursuing these studies, he discovered jazz, and embarked on an exploration of all music forms, jazz as well as classical. In 1954, he was a founder and directed the Jazz Groupe de Paris, made up of nine musicians, including Bobby Jaspar, Pierre Michelot and Nat Peck. He was the author of two books of Essais (1954 and 1956), of numerous film scores, including Le Palais Idéal by Ado Kyrou, the Jazz Cantata for the film Chutes de pierres, danger de mort by Michel Fano, anong others. André also founded his own orchestra during the Sixties. In 1966 he composed the monumental jazz cantata Anna Livia Plurabelle, on James Joyce's text, and in 1972 of Bitter Ending, by The Swingle Singers and a jazz quintet, on the final monologue of Finnegans Wake (?) b. January 22nd 1921. 2011: Christiane Legrand (81) French jazz singer born in Paris; she was the original lead soprano of the Swingle Singers and was the vocalist who dubbed the part of Madame Emery in Les parapluies de Cherbourg, the music for which was composed by her brother Michel Legrand. She also sang the part of Judith in his Les demoiselles de Rochefort. Christiane was also the featured soprano on the track "Fires (Which Burn Brightly)" on the 1973 Procol Harum album Grand Hotel. (?) b. 21 August 21st 1930. 2012: Mitch Lucker (28) American vocalist, born in Riverside, California; he was a founding member and frontman of the deathcore metal band Suicide Silence. The band was formed in 2002, they toured and played many festivals including Mayhem Festival in 2008 and 2011. Mitch and the band released a self-titled EP in 2005. This has been followed by three studio albums, most recently The Black Crown in 2011 (tragically Mitch died from injuries he sustained in a motorcycle, when early on Halloween eve he lost control of his motorcycle and crashed into a light pole in Huntington Beach; sadly he died in hospital the following morning) b. October 20th 1984. 2013: Bobby Parker (76) American blues-rock guitarist, born in Lafayette, but raised in LA, California. By the 50s, he had started working on electric guitar with several blues and R&B bands of the time, his first stint being with Otis Williams and the Charms. He also played lead guitar with Bo Diddley, including an appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, toured with Paul Williams, Sam Cooke, the Everlys, Clyde McPhatter, Jackie Wilson and LaVern Baker. He is best known for his 1961 song, "Watch Your Step" (sadly died of a heart attack) b. August 31st 1937. 2014: Michael H. Shamberg (62) American music video, producer the founder of Factory US born in New York. He was maybe best known for his work with Lawrence Weiner and New Order. He was New Order’s video producer, alongside his own work as film maker, teacher and director of Turtle Salon. Michael began to work with New Orderr in 1981 when he filmed their concert in New York. His video production of “True Faith” earned “Best Music Video” at the Brit Awards 1988. His film and artworld contacts saw him commissioning ground-breaking videos for the group from the likes of Robert Frank, Robert Longo and Gretchen Bender, William Wegman and Robert Breer, Jonathan Demme, Philippe Decouflé, Kathryn Bigelow and Johan Renck. (tragically Michael was as struck by a mitochondrial disease in 2006 and sadly died after a long illness) b. 1951 2015: Raul Rekow (61) American percussionist and a member of the Carlos Santana band from 1976 through to 2013. Born in San Francisco he learned Afro-Cuban percussion from Santana veterans Armando Peraza and Orestes Vilato and at the age of 15 he played Santana songs in a cover band called Soul Sacrifice at the age of 15. After that, he became a member of Malo, the Latin funk-rock outfit which featured Carlos’ brother Jorge Santana on guitar; they had a huge crossover hit in 1972 with “Suavecito”. The after a stint from 1972 to 1976 with Sapo, another Latin fusion/Chicano rock band, in 1976, Santana invited Raul to record on their album “Festival” as a substitute for the ailing...>>> READ MORE <<<...(sadly died while battling lung cancer) b. June 10th 1954 2016: Pocho La Pantera/Ernesto Gauna (65) Argentine singer, born in Buenos Aires and based in Córdoba. He was a student of geology and theology in Australia, and went on to be known as Pocho La Pantera, a singer of cumbia Argentine, famous for hits including "the son of Cuca", "I say panther" and more recently "Passage of the party". He also made an appearance in the TV series 'Sos my life' (sadly died while fighting kidney cancer) b. November 29th 1950. 2016: Bap Kennedy/Martin Christopher Kennedy (54) Northern Irish singer-songwriter, born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He was noted for his collaborations with Steve Earle, Van Morrison, Shane MacGowan and Mark Knopfler, as well as for writing the song "Moonlight Kiss" which was on the soundtrack for the film Serendipity. Bap's first band was the punk band Sellout formed in 1978 when he was sixteen years old. In 1980 after having played in several other local bands, he formed the band 10 past 7 Bap before moving to London and founding the guitar-based rock band Energy Orchard. Their debut single, "Belfast" was their most successful song. Bap also recorded a number of well-received solo albums including Domestic Blues, The Big Picture, The Sailor's Revenge and Let's Start Again.(sadly died fighting pancreatic and bowel cancer) b. June 17th 1962. November 2 . 1887: Jenny Lind (67) Swedish singer often known as the Swedish Nightingale; She is known for her performances in soprano roles in Sweden and Europe, as well as for an extraordinarily popular tour of America beginning in 1850, and for her philanthropic work. After years of world tours she retired to England (she died at Wynd's Point, behind the Little Malvern Priory, and is buried in the Great Malvern Cemetery, Worcestershire, UK) b. October 6th 1820. 1960: Dimitris Mitropoulos (64) Greek conductor and composer, born in Athens, he studied music at the Athens, Brussels and Berlin. From 1921 to 1925 he assisted Erich Kleiber at the Berlin State Opera and then took a number of posts in Greece. He went on to work with many top orchestras, he conducted opera extensively in Italy and from 1954 until his death was the principal conductor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He had made his U.S. debut in 1936 with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, he later settled in the country, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1946. He was noted for having a photographic memory, which enabled him to conduct without a score, even during rehearsals. (died of heart failure while in Milan, Italy) b. March 1st 1896. 1966: Mississippi John Smith Hurt (74) American blues singer and guitarist; his first releases had coincided with the Great Depression, his later career could hardly have been better timed. A stellar performance at the 1963 Newport Folk Festival saw his stardom rise amongst the new "folk revival" audience. He played extensively in colleges, concert halls, coffee houses and the Tonight Show with Johnny Carson, as well as recording three further albums. His influence spans music genres bluegrass, blues, country, folk and contemporary rock and roll (?) b. March 8th 1892. (date on his grave stone) 1996: Eva Cassidy (33) American vocalist born in Washington, DC, known for her interpretations of jazz, blues, folk, gospel, country and pop classics. She released her first album "The Other Side", a set of duets with Chuck Brown in 1992 followed by a live solo album "Live at Blues Alley" in 1996. Sadly she was virtually unknown outside of her native Washington DC at the time of her death. Four years later, Eva's music was brought to the attention of British audiences when her version of "Over the Rainbow" was played by Terry Wogan on BBC Radio 2. Following the overwhelming response, a camcorder recording of "Over the Rainbow", taken at the Blues Alley, was shown on BBC Two's Top of the Pops 2. Shortly afterwards, the compilation album Songbird climbed to the top of the UK Albums Charts, almost three years after its initial release. The chart success in the United Kingdom and Ireland led to increased recognition all over theworld (melanoma) b. February 2nd 1963. 2007: Witold "Vitek" Kieltyka (23) Polish drummer and percussionist for the technical death metal band Decapitated. He had been with the band ever since it was founded in 1996, when he was only 12 years of age. He also did work for the heavy metal bands Dies Irae and Panzer X. (Decapitated's tour bus collided with a truck, he died from serious head injuries) b. January 24th 1984 2009: Beverley O'Sullivan (28) Irish singer born in the Donaghmede, Dublin. As a child she had glue ear and had to wear a hearing aid. She lost a further 10% of her hearing later as a result of a plane journey. Beverley was a member of the pop group Fifth Avenue and toured with Westlife for three consecutive years before they split. She also played a cabaret singer in the 2009 film "Happy Ever Afters", her voice is heard on six songs on the film's soundtrack. Her vocals also appeared on the tracks "Through the Light" and "Don't Look Back" on John O'Callaghan's 2009 album Never Fade Away (tragically died in car crash while holidaying in India) b. January 16th 1981. 2010: Eddie Hazell (76) American jazz singer-guitarist, who recorded his first album in 1961 at age 27. He was familiar to jazz aficionados from his numerous albums and TV appearances including the “Merv Griffin Show”, “AM New York”, the “Today Show”, “Kraft Music Hall” with Ed McMahon and “Broadway Tonight”. He performed for five decades in clubs and concerts in the U.S. and Canada, and he was particularly well known in the New York area, playing in clubs ranging from Michael’s Pub and Stryker’s in New York to the Newport Jazz Festival. His work was also popular in Japan. He also did TV commercial work as a singer and performer for various products including Chase & Sanborn coffee (died from Parkinson’s Disease) b. February 6th 1934. 2010: Jim Clench (61) Canadian bassist; he joined the rock band April Wine in 1972, he also took part in some lead vocals on songs such as "Oowatanite" and "Weeping Widow". His last album with the band was Stand Back, released just before he left in 1975. In 1978, Jim was asked to join Bachman Turner Overdrive as bassist, he stayed with BTO until its demise in the late 1970s, appearing on the albums Street Action and Rock n' Roll Nights. In 1992, April Wine was reformed and Jim recorded four more studio albums since the band Attitude, Frigate, Back to the Mansion, and Roughly Speaking in 2006. (sadly died after battling lung cancer) b. May 1st 2006. 2010: Rudolf Barshai (86) Russian conductor and viola player born in Stanitsa Lobinskaya, and studied at the Moscow Conservatory. He performed as a soloist as well as together with Sviatoslav Richter, David Oistrakh, and as a member of a trio with Mstislav Rostropovich and Leonid Kogan. He won numerous Soviet and international competitions. He was the founding violist of the Borodin Quartet in 1945 and was a member until 1953. In 1955, he formed the Moscow Chamber Orchestra, which he led and conducted until he emigrated to the West in 1977. He was the artistic director of the Israel Chamber Orchestra from 1976 to 1981. From 1981 until 1982 Rudolf was principal conductor of Vancouver Symphony Orchestra. Principal Guest Conductor of Orchestre National de France 1985-1986. He was principal conductor of the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra from 1982 to 1986. He achieved fame as a musical interpreter and arranger of Shostakovich's and Prokofiev's music. He is particularly noted for his arrangement of Shostakovich's String Quartet No. 8 for chamber orchestra. In 2000, he produced a completion of Gustav Mahler's Tenth Symphony, which was left unfinished at his death (?) b. September 28th 1924. 2011: Richárd Weninger (77) Hungarian composer and harpist. Beginning of his career was répétiteur, chorus, musical director, between 1963 and 1977 he played as a member of the Szeged Symphony Orchestra and from 1976-2000 he was Division Director to the Franz Liszt Academy of Szeged. In 1979 he founded and has since conducted the Chamber Orchestra of Szeged Weiner. He has premiered many works or is associated with the Hungarian premiere of his name, together with success in Europe has occurred. He was honored in 1989 with the Liszt Prize; in 1992 the Artisjus Prize; in 1994 the Leo Weiner music teaching awards; commemorative medals in 1995 and in 2000 the Higher Education emlékplakettel recognized his work (?) December 21st 1934. 2011: Angelos Skordilis (52) Greek influencial rock guitarist, who got his break in 1986 as a member of the band "Knockout" recording the hit song "Do not cry for me Greece". That same year they released the album "On the way to Ithaca" which contained the hit "Lost One". For the last eight years he has worked with the band Chania, touring and regular visitors on the concert scene (?) b. December 12th 1959. 2011: Sickan Carlsson/Anna-Greta Carlsson Adamson (96) Swedish actress and singer, born in Stockholm. At the age of 10 she was already singing on radio and through the 1930s–50s, Sickan was Sweden's most popular film actress and its highest paid, topping the salary of the most popular male performer. She was also an accomplished singer recording artist performing on stage and in musical revues. In 2005 she was honoured with an Honorary Guldbagge Award at the Guldbagge Awards in Sweden (passed away peacefully) b. August 12th 1915. 2011: Papa Bue/Arne Bue Jensen (81) Danish trombonist and bandleader born in Copenhagen; after WW II, he became a sailor for a few years, visiting ports all around the world, fascinated by jazz he was able to listen and enjoy many lively music venues. In 1956, back in Copenhagen, along with six other jazz musicians, he founded the New Orleans Jazz Band, after a jam session in the establishment 'Cap Horn'. Since he was the eldest he became the bandleader and being a father he was given the nickname "Papa Bue" which stuck. Renamed, they released their first album as the Viking Jazz Band in 1958 and in 1960 their "Schlafe Mein Prinzchen" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. In 1969, Papa Bue's Viking Jazz Band was the only non-American band to participate in the New Orleans Jazz Festival and Arne was honored with the "Golden Keys to the City. The group remained active into the 1990s, and recorded with musicians such as George Lewis-1959, Champion Jack Dupree-1962, Art Hodes-1970, Wild Bill Davison-1970 & 1974, Wingy Manone, Edmond Hall and Albert Nicholas. They also played with George Lewis, Earl Hines, Stuff Smith, Ben Webster and recorded Bent Fabricius-Bjerre's theme music for the Olsen Gang series, now a legendary sequence for the Danes (?) b. May 8th 1930. 2014: Acker Bilk/Bernard Stanley Bilk MBE (85) English clarinetist and vocalist, in Pensford, Somerset; he earned the nickname "Acker" from the Somerset slang for "friend" or "mate". After working in the W.D. & H.O. Wills's cigarette factory in Bristol, he served three years national service with the Royal Engineers in the Suez Canal Zone, where he learnt the clarinet after his sapper friend, John A. Britten, gave him one he had bought at a local bazaar there. On returning home Acker joined his uncle's blacksmith business, qualifying in the trade and played in local jazz bands in the Bristol area. In 1951, he and his wife, Jean, moved to London where he did a brief stint in the Ken Colyer band, but not liking London much, they returned west and Acker formed his own band in Pensford called the Chew Valley Jazzmen, soon renamed Bristol Paramount Jazz Band before a six-month gig in Düsseldorf, Germany, playing in a beer bar seven hours a night, seven nights a week. This is where he developed his distinctive style and appearance, with his trademark goatee, bowler hat, striped and fancy waistcoats and vibrato-rich, lower-register clarinet style. >>> READ MORE <<< (sadly died after a long illness) b. January 28th 1929. 2015: David Stock (76) American composer and conductor; a longtime resident of Pittsburgh, PA, where he served as a professor of composition and as the conductor of the Contemporary Ensemble at Duquesne University. In 1976, he founded the Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, and was the music director for 23 years until his retirement in 1999. He was the composer in residence for the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra during the 1987-88 season, and for the Seattle Symphony Orchestra for the 1996-97 season. Among his many compositions are Kickoff, which premiered by the New York Philharmonic under Kurt Masur during the Orchestra's 150th Anniversary (sadly died from a blood disease) b. June 3rd 1938 2015: Nolyn Cabahug (59) Filipino tenor classical singer, born in Jaro, Iloilo City. Over his career he was honored with many awards from various international competitions as a tenor of the University of the Philippines Concert Chorus. Among his memorable roles are that of Crisostomo Ibarra in Felipe Padilla de Leon’s restaging of “Noli me Tangere” in 1987 and Alfredo Belmonte in Rolando Tinio’s Filipino adaptation of “La Traviata” in 1990 (sadly died from renal failure) b. March 19th 1956. 2015: Gene Norman/ Eugene Nabatoff (93) American jazz promoter and record label executive with GNP Crescendo Record Co. Born in New York, he graduated from the University of Wisconsin and then began his radio career in San Francisco, before relocating to Los Angeles in the 1940s. There he became a popular jazz disc jockey on various local stations, including KLAC.In 1954, Gene opened the Crescendo nightclub on the Sunset Strip, and also operated the Interlude, upstairs from the Crescendo. There he presented such artists as Miles Davis, Lionel Hampton, Dizzy Gillespie, Ella Fitzgerald, Bob Newhart, Max Roach, Johnny Mathis, Stan Kenton, Herb Alpert’s Tijuana Brass, Lenny Bruce, Don Rickles, Rusty Warren, Mort Sahl, Woody Allen, Louis Armstrong and so many others. While presenting concerts, he produced a series of live albums and studio based around his promotions. He launched his own record label GNP Crescendo, standing for Gene Norman Presents, which he ran for the rest of his life. He also served as one of the directors of the RIAA, and was elected into the Hall of Fame of the American Association of Independent Music in 1991.(?) b. January 30th 1922. 2015: Tommy Overstreet aka T.O. (78) American country singer-songwriter born in Oklahoma City, but grew up in both Houston and Abilene, Texas. At 17 he was singing on country and western star Slim Willet's television show in Abilene. In the late 1950s, he started a group called "The Shadows". In 1970, he decided to pursue a solo recording career, quickly establishing himself as a country hit maker with a top 10 hit, "Gwen (Congratulations)", which peaked at No.5 on the Billboard country music chart that same year. Tommy made frequent guest appearances on the TV variety show Hee Haw. He had a further 14 top 20 hits, his highest charting Billboard hit was 1972's "Ann (Don't Go Runnin')," which went to No. 2. (Tommy had been suffering from a variety of undisclosed ailments in recent years) b. September 10th 1937. 2016: Bob Cranshaw (83) American jazz bassist born in Evanston, Illinois. His career spanned the heyday of Blue Note Records to his recent involvement with the Musicians Union. He is perhaps best known for his long association with Sonny Rollins. He performed in Rollins's working band on and off for well over five decades, starting with a live appearance at the 1959 Playboy jazz festival in Chicago. He has worked with dozens of musicians including Pepper Adams, Sonny Criss, Nat Adderley, Mose Allison, Gene Ammons, George Benson, Donald Byrd, Johnny Coles, Hank Crawford, Dexter Gordon, Grant Green, Slide Hampton, Barry Harris, Eddie Harris, Jimmy Heath, Joe Henderson, Maurice Hines, Johnny Hodges, Bobby Hutcherson, Milt Jackson, J. J. Johnson, Clifford Jordan, Yusef Lateef, Johnny Lytle, Junior Mance, The Young Lions, Jack WilsonGrachan Moncur III, Wes Montgomery, James Moody, Dave Pike, Sonny Red, Max Roach, just to memtion a few. Throughout his long career he also performed on hundreds of television shows and film and television scores. He appears in The Blue Note Story, a 90-minute documentary of the jazz label. (sadly died while fighting cancer) b. December 10th 1932. November 3 . 1964: John Henry Barbee/William George Tucker (58) American blues guitarist and singer born in Henning, Tennessee; he toured in the 1930s throughout the American South singing and playing slide guitar. He teamed up with Big Joe Williams, and later on, with Sunnyland Slim in Memphis. He also played with Sonny Boy Williamson I, on and off for several years. John was known for being an amazing storyteller. In the 60s the blues revival was in full swing, Willie Dixon searched out John and in 1964 he joined the American Folk Blues Festival on an European tour with fellow blues players, including Lightnin' Hopkins and Howlin' Wolf (he was involved in an auto accident and suffered a heart attack while in jail waiting for the case to come to court) b. November 14th 1905. 1976: Charles Dean Dixon (61) American conductor, born in New York City, where he later studied conducting with Albert Stoessel at the Juilliard School and Columbia University. When early pursuits of conducting engagements were stifled because of racial bias, he formed his own orchestra and choral society in 1931. In 1941, he guest-conducted the NBC Symphony Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic during its summer season. He later guest-conducted the Philadelphia Orchestra and Boston Symphony Orchestra. In 1948 he won the Ditson Conductor's Award. He went on to work in many major opera and music houses in Europe and America (?) b. January 10th 1915. 1983: Alfredo Antonini (82) Italian-American symphony conductor and composer born in Milan, who was active on the international concert stage as well as on the CBS radio and television networks from the 1930s through the 1960s. In 1971 he received an Emmy Award for best musical performance on television for his conducting of the premiere of Ezra Laderman's opera And David Wept for CBS television (?) b. May 31st 1901. 1986: Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis (64) American jazz tenor saxophonist, born in New York City; he played with, Andy Kirk, Cootie Williams, Lucky Millinder, Sonny Stitt, Louis Armstrong and Count Basie, as well as leading his own bands and making many recordings as a leader. He played in the swing, bop, hard bop, Latin jazz, and soul jazz genres. Some of his recordings of the 1940s also could be classed as rhythm and blues. Eddie can also be heard playing his saxophone on the 1973 CBS album "Ella Fitzgerald at the Newport Jazz Festival Live at Carnegie Hall" on the song "Young Man with a Horn" (?) b. March 2nd 1922. 1990: Mary Martin (76) US actress, singer; born in Weatherford, Texas, he originated many roles over her career including Nellie Forbush in South Pacific and Maria in The Sound of Music. She also became popular on Broadway and received attention in the national media singing "My Heart Belongs to Daddy". In 1955 and 1956, she received, first, a Tony Award for Peter Pan, and then an Emmy for appearing in the same role on television. She also received Tony Awards for South Pacific, and, in 1959 for The Sound of Music. Mary made an appearance in 1980 in a Royal Variety Performance in London, performing "Honeybun" from South Pacific (colon cancer) b. December 1st 1913. 1991: Chris Bender (19) American R&B singer from the Boston, Massachusetts area. At the age of 16, he recorded his first album, titled Baby Doll, which didn't chart. The album Draped hit No.92 on the Billboard R&B album chart. He charted two singles "I Knew" and "That's Not The Way" on the Hot R&B Singles chart. Other songs he was known for included "Who Will I Choose" and "Kiss and Make Up". (Chris was shot and killed in Brockton, while sitting in his car outside of the Crescent Court housing project where his mother lived) b. August 2nd 1972. 1991: Mort Shuman (55) American singer, pianist and songwriter; on his own or teamed with songwriting partner Doc Pomus, his songs were recorded by artists such as Dion, Andy Williams, Bobby Darin, Fabian, The Drifters, and Elvis Presley, among others, most famous songs include "A Teenager in Love", "Turn Me Loose", "This Magic Moment", "Save The Last Dance For Me", "Little Sister", "Can't Get Used to Losing You", "His Latest Flame" and "Viva Las Vegas" (complications due to a liver operation) b. November 3rd 1991. 2002: Lonnie Donegan (71) Scottish singer, guitar, banjo, songwriter and pioneer, who launched the skiffle craze in the UK, sometimes called the King of Skiffle. Born in in Bridgeton, Glasgow, Scotland he was a huge influence on the generation of British musicians who became famous in the 1960s. The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums states Lonnie was "Britain's most successful and influential recording artist before The Beatles. He chalked up 24 successive Top 30 hits, and was the first UK male to score two U.S. Top 10s". His many hits include "Rock Island Line", "Gamblin' Man", "Lost John", "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O", "Cumberland Gap", "My Dixie Darlin'", "Jack O' Diamonds", "The Grand Coulee Dam", "Sally Don't You Grieve", "Tom Dooley", "Does Your Chewing Gum Lose It's Flavour (On The Bedpost Over Night)", "Battle of New Orleans", and My Old Man's A Dustman (sadly lost to heart problems) b. April 29th 1931. 2004: Joe Bushkin (87) World renowned American jazz pianist, composer; he began by playing trumpet and piano with New York City dance bands. He joined Bunny Berigan's band in 1935, then left to join Muggsy Spanier's Ragtime Band in 1939. From the late 1930's through to the late 1940's he worked with Eddie Condon on records, radio and TV. After service in WWII he worked with Louis Armstrong and Benny Goodman. He might be best known for co-writing Oh! Look at Me Now, with John DeVries, when he worked in Tommy Dorsey's band. That song would become Frank Sinatra's first hit. Over the course of his seven-decade career, he aslo accompanied Artie Shaw, Judy Garland and many more. (sadly died of pneumonia) b. November 7th 1916. 2006: Arthur "Art" Wood (69) British blues, pop and rock singer, born in West Drayton, Middlesex, he enrolled at Ealing School of Art in 1950. While in the army he formed a skiffle group after which he returned to London. By 1962, he was one of several singers regularly featured with Alexis Korner's Blues Incorporated, which also included Charlie Watts and Cyril Davies. However, as that group firmed up its line-up with Long John Baldry as the main lead singer, Art re-formed his own group, which he called The Artwoods. The group included organist Jon Lord, and drummer Keef Hartley. In 1969 he formed the short-lived group Quiet Melon, with his brother Ronnie Wood, Rod Stewart, Ronnie Lane, Kenny Jones, Ian McLagan and Kim Gardner. Art went on to join his other brother Ted in setting up a graphic design business and continued to perform on a semi-professional basis with the Downliners Sect and reunited versions of the Artwoods, with occasional guest appearances by his brother Ronnie. (sadly Art died while fighting prostate cancer) b. July 7th 1937. 2006: Paul Mauriat (81) French conductor, arranger, orchestra leader born in Marseille, a classically trained musician but decided to specialize in light music. His first major success came in 1962, as a co-writer of the European hit "Chariot". He is best known in the US for his million selling remake of André Popp's "Love is Blue", which was No.1 for 5 weeks in 1968. Other recordings for which he is known include El Bimbo, "Toccata" and "Penelope". He has a large recording catalog, featuring more than 1,000 titles just from his Polygram era, 1965-1993. He sold over 40 million albums worldwide and held 28 tours in Japan from 1969 to 1998, where in the early-mid 1980s, Paul's orchestra featured in several Japanese coffee and wine TV commercials (?) b. March 4th 1925. 2009: Sotiris Sgouros (80) Greek folk musician, clarinetist and singer (?) b.???? 2009: Erik Sædén (85) Swedish bass-baritone and hovsångare born in Vänersborg, his career was principally centred on Stockholm, both on the operatic stage as well as the concert platform. He made a few recordings and appeared in the 1975 Bergman film of The magic flute. He first appeared at the Royal Opera in Stockholm in 1952 and was a member of the company until 1981. Among over 100 roles which he sang were the Count (Le Nozze di Figaro), Beckmesser, Wolfram (Tannhäuser), Scarpia, Jochanaan, Golaud, Pimen, Wozzeck, and Nick Shadow in The Rake's Progress. He appeared at the Edinburgh Festival in 1959 and 1974, and at the Covent Garden in 1960 and 1981. He also appeared in Savonlinna, Hamburg, Montreal, Moscow, Munich and Oslo (?) b. September 3rd 1924. 2010: Jerry Bock (81) American musical theatre composer, born in New Haven, Connecticut and raised in Flushing, Queens, New York. He made his Broadway debut in 1955 when he and Larry Holofcener contributed songs to Catch a Star. In 1956 the duo collaborated on the musical Mr. Wonderful, designed for Sammy Davis, Jr., after which they worked on Ziegfeld Follies of 1956, which closed out-of-town. He went on to received the Tony Award for Best Musical and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Sheldon Harnick for their 1959 musical Fiorello! and the Tony Award for Best Composer and Lyricist for the '65 musical Fiddler on the Roof with Sheldon Harnick. Other collaborations with Harnick include Tenderloin, Man in the Moon, She Loves Me, The Apple Tree, and The Rothschilds, and contributions to Never Too Late, Baker Street, and The Madwoman of Central Park West (?) b. November 23rd 1928. 2010: Rubén Basoalto (63) Argentine drummer and founder member of the legendary rock band Vox Dei, formed in 1967. Vox Dei is the oldest band in Argentina, and over the last 43 years which Rubén aka "The Octopus", has played in the band he recorded 17 albums, including their 2nd album the legendary "The Bible". They debuted in 1970 with the album ''Hot'' and their last album ''Live Vox Dei'' was released in 2007. Between 1982 - 85, he also formed the band "Break" with Raul Fernandez on guitar and Henry Diaz on bass and vocals, and later played in parallel >>> Read More <<< (sadly died in the Argerich Hospital, where he had been hospitalized for three weeks affected by lung cancer) b. July 9th 1947. 2010: Hotep Idris Galeta/Cecil Barnard Galeta (69) South African jazz pianist and educator; in his teens he played with some of the best jazz musicians in South Africa; Abdullah Ibrahim aka Dollar Brand and Lamie Zukufu introduced him to bebop and hard bop. In 1961 he left Sth Africa clandestinely, following many other Sth African performers to the UK, severe restrictions on public gatherings following the Sharpeville massacre had made entertainment careers impossible for any but white artists, and the already poor quality of life for non-whites was deteriorating rapidly as apartheid became ever stricter. After a year in the UK he moved to America, where he remained till 1991, when he returned to South Africa following the collapse of apartheid. In the US he played and recorded with Herb Alpert, John Handy, Bobby Hutcherson, Elvin Jones, Hugh Masekela, Jackie McLean, Mario Pavone, Joshua Redman, and Archie Shepp. Outside jazz he performed and recorded with David Crosby and the Byrds. He continued to record, perform, and teach in South Africa (died of an asthma attack) b. June 7th 1941. 2011: Ana Štefok (72) Croatian pop singer, born in Zagreb and often called Croatian Edith Piaf. She became well known for her numerous appearances in Opatija , Split , Krapina and Zagreb festivals, also her television and radio appearances (sadly died from a heart attack) b. 1940 2011: Cory Smoot (34) American heavy metal guitarist aka Flattus Maximus from 2002-2011 while he was lead guitarist in the heavy metal band Gwar, the fifth guitarist to play the character of 'Flattus Maximus'. He lent his technical skills to the recording of War Party, and co-produced, as well as co-mixed Gwar's 2006 release, Beyond Hell. The two albums were recorded at Karma Studios, owned and operated by Cory. He has been the longest running Flattus thus and is in the videos for "War Party", "Bring Back The Bomb", "Womb With A View", "School's Out" and "Eighth Lock" and is considered by Gwar fans to be the "True Flattus". Gwar's latest release, Bloody Pit of Horror, features a 12-minute epic of four songs strung together, which was largely the brainchild of Cory. Originally he wrote the music for a solo project of his, but by the suggestion of Dave Brockie, it was reworked to become new Gwar material. Before Gwar, Cory played with such bands as Misguided and Locus Factor and still played with Mensrea and his own solo project called the Cory Smoot Experiment. (tragically Cory was found dead in the band's tour bus as they prepared to cross the border into Manitoba, Canada from North Dakota) b. August 25th 1977. 2012: Carmélia Alves (89) Brazilian singer, who was nominated by Luís Gonzaga the "Queen of Baião," was a hit first in the 1950s with Sabia in the cage. Recognized in Brazil and in Latin America, she has sold thousands of copies, which forced the Continental label from Buenos Aires to open another branch to cope with the huge sales. Carmélia won all major awards, which are now exhibited in a museum, and she was also part of the group "Singing Radio", formed in 1988 , alongside friends Ellen, Violet and Carminha (Carmélia, who was bravely battleing alzheimer's disease and cancer, sadly died of multiple organ seizure) b. February 14th 1923. 2013: Bernard Roberts (80) English pianist, born in Manchester, he is noted for his recordings of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach and highly acclaimed for his treatment of the cycle of Beethoven's Piano Sonatas. His recording of the Well-Tempered Clavier, Books 1 and 2, performed on piano, was released in 1999 and he has also recorded Bach's Six Partitas, BWV 825-30, and his French Suites, BWV 812-17. Bernard has been the subject of a 40 minute BBC2 documentary and he particularly enjoyed performing the piano trio repertoire with his sons Andrew and Nicholas (?) b. July 23rd 1933 2013: Reshma Sitara-e-Imtiaz/Star of Excellence (66) Pakistani folk singer, born in the village of Loha and spent much of her childhood singing at the mazars/shrines of the mystic saints of Sindh. At the age of twelve, she was spotted singing at Shahbaaz Qalandar's shrine by a television and radio producer, who arranged for her to make a recording of "Laal Meri" on Pakistan radio. She became an instant hit and since that day, Reshma has been one of the most popular folk singers of Pakistan, appearing on television, recording songs for both the Pakistani and Indian film industry and performing at home and abroad. Her more popular songs include "Dama Dam Mast Kalandar", "Hai O Rabba nahion lagda dil mera", "Sun charkhe di mithi mithi cook mahiya meinu yaad aunda", "Wey main chori chori", and "Ankhiyan no rehen de ankhyan de kol kol". Reshma was awarded several national awards and she also holds the prestigious awards 'Sitara-i-Imtiaz' and 'Legends Of Pakistan' given by the President of Pakistan (sadly died fighting throat cancer) b. 1947. 2014: Augusto Martelli (74) Italian composer, conductor, arranger and television personality born in Genoa. He is probably best known for the song Djamballà, theme song of the 1971 film Il dio serpente, which reached No.1 in the Italian charts. He also collaborated with the singer Mina as a composer and an arranger and with whom he co-fonded the recording company PDU. After having been conductor in a number of RAI variety shows, from late seventies onwards he was also host of a number of TV programs, mainly for Canale 5, as well as composing songs and scores for a large number of Fininvest TV programs (?) b. March 15th 1940. 2015: Normand L'Amour/Normand Cournoyer (85) Canadian singer- songwriter and comedian born in Saint-Joseph-de-Sorel, Quebec. He began his career late, when he was approaching 70, becomingly mostly known after 1998, following his appearances on the French-Canadian comedy show "La Fin du Monde est à Sept Heures"/"The End of the World is at Seven O'Clock", invited several times as a guest weatherman, and to then sing songs underneath the "weather capsules". By 2012, he had issued more than 2330 songs, contained on 200 albums, and these were often translated into about 75 languages. His more famous songs include “Y’a Lachait Pas (La Poigné De Porte)” and “L’achigan” (?) b. September 6th 1930. 2016: W. D. Amaradeva/Deshamanya Wannakuwatta Waduge Don Albert Perera (88) Sri Lankan vocalist, violinist and composer, born in Moratuwa. Primarily using traditional instruments like sitars, tablas and harmoniums, he incorporates Sinhala folk music with Indian ragas in his work. Many consider his contribution to the development of Sinhala music as unmatched. His awards include the Sri Lankan "President's Award of Kala Keerthi" in 1986, Deshamanya Award in 1998, the Philippine Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2001, Indian Padma Sri Award in 2002 and in 2003 the French government awarded him the prestigious honour; Officier. (sadly died from heart failure) b. December 5th 1927. 2016: Kay Starr/Katherine Laverne Starks (94) American singer and actress born on a reservation in Dougherty, Oklahoma. Her father, Harry, was a full-blooded Iroquois Indian; her mother, Annie, was of mixed Irish and American Indian heritage. At the age of seven she started to sing on Dallas radio station, WRR. Eventually she had her own 15-minute show. She sang pop and "hillbilly" songs with a piano accompaniment. By age 10 she was making $3 a night, which was quite a salary in the Depression days. After finishing high school, she moved to Los Angeles and signed with Wingy Manone's band; then from 1943 to 1945 she sang with Charlie Barnet's ensemble, retiring for a year after contracting pneumonia. In 1946 Kay became a soloist, her hits include "Wheel of Fortune", and "The Rock and Roll Waltz". In the late 1980s she was featured in the revue 3 Girls with Helen O'Connell and Margaret Whiting, and in 1993 she toured the United Kingdom as part of Pat Boone’s April Love Tour. (sadly died from complications from Alzheimer's disease) b. July 21st 1922. November 4 . 1931: Charles "Buddy" Bolden/King Bolden (53) New Orleans jazzman and cornet player; the first New Orleans jazz musician to come to prominence, the first important name in jazz history, Buddy's career has long been buried in legend. Many early jazz musicians credited Buddy and the members of his band with being the originators of what came to be known as "jazz", though the term was not yet in common musical use until after the era of Bolden's prominence. At least one writer has labeled him the father of jazz. He is credited with creating a looser, more improvised version of ragtime and adding blues to it; his band was said to be the first to have brass instruments play the blues. He was also said to have taken ideas from gospel music heard in uptown African American Baptist churches. Instead of imitating other cornetists, he played music he heard "by ear" and adapted it to his horn. In doing so, he created an exciting and novel fusion of rag-time, black sacred music, marching-band music and rural blues. He rearranged the typical New Orleans dance band of the time to better accommodate the blues; string instruments became the rhythm section, and the front-line instruments were clarinets, trombones, and Bolden's cornet. He was known for his powerful, loud, "wide open" playing style. Joe "King" Oliver, Freddie Keppard, Bunk Johnson, and many other early New Orleans jazz musicians were directly inspired by his playing. Also one of the most famous Buddy numbers is a song called "Funky Butt", known later as "Buddy Bolden's Blues", which represents one of the earliest references to the concept of "funk" in popular music (He was diagnosed with schizophrenia-dementia praecox; in those days, he was admitted to a mental institution in 1907, where he remained completely forgotten for the rest of his life. He was buried in an unmarked grave in Holt Cemetery, a pauper's graveyard in New Orleans. In 1998 a monument to Buddy was erected in the Cemetery) b. September 6th 1877. 1969: Ivory "Deek" Watson (60) American tenor singer, guitarist and trumpeter who in 1932 was singing in a group called "The Four Riff Brothers" who appeared regularly on radio station WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio., after which he formed "King, Jack, and Jester", changing the name to "The 4 Ink Spots" then The Ink Spots in 1934. They had their first big hit with "If I Didn't Care", in 1939. Other hits included "Address Unknown", "My Prayer", "When The Swallows Come Back To Capistrano", "Whispering Grass", "Do I Worry", "Java Jive", "Shout, Brother, Shout", "Don't Get Around Much Anymore", "I Can't Stand Losing You", and "Cow-Cow Boogie" among others. The group split in 1944 and Deek went on to form a group called the Brown Dots, which later became the 4 Tunes. He later formed a host of offshoot Ink Spots groups in the 1950s and 1960s until his death. The Ink Spots were the subject of a 1998 book by Marv Goldberg: "More Than Words Can Say: The Ink Spots And Their Music". The group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999 and they were even inducted into the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame, as influences, in 1989; this induction consisted of Deek Watson, Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, and Hoppy Jones. (?) b. July 18th 1909. 1994: Fred "Sonic" Smith (45) US guitar player, who, in 2003, Rolling Stone magazine included in thier list of The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time and the band Sonic Youth took its name from Fred's nickname "Sonic". Born in West Virginia but bought up in Detroit. As a teenger, he lived for music with speed, energy with a rebellious attitude and formed a rock group Smith's Vibratones, before joining up with his old school pal, Wayne Kramer to form MC5, short for Motor City Five. This influencial band released 3 albums before their break up in 1972, Kick Out the Jams in 1969, Back in the USA in 1970, and High Time in 1971. Fred went on to form Sonic's Rendezvous Band, which released one single, "City Slang". He and his wife, singer Patti Smith collaborated on her 1988 album "Dream of Life", and Patti's 1996 album "Gone Again" features a tribute to Fred. (heart failure) b. September 13th 1949. 2004: Robert Heaton (43) English drummer with the Bradford based punk band New Model Army. He wrote many of NMA's best known compositions, which are still played nowadays at their gigs. He left NMA in 1998 due to health reasons (pancreatic cancer) b. July 6th 1961. 2008: Jheryl Busby (59) American record executive; First worked at Stax Records as head of West Coast promotion and marketing. Moved to Motown Records in 1988 as the company's President & CEO. He fostered the growth of younger talent, including Another Bad Creation, Boyz II Men and Johnny Gill. In early 1989, he was able to sign Diana Ross back to Motown and he retained artists such as Lionel Richie, Smokey Robinson and Stevie Wonder. When Polygram Records bought Motown he was retained as president. Jheryl was appointed head of the black music division at DreamWorks Records in 1998 till 2001. He was named president of Def Soul Classics in 2004. He also created Umbrella Recordings with producer Mike City (Found dead in the hot tub of his home in Malibu, cause not yet known) b. 1949 2008: Byron Lee (73) Jamaican musician and record producer; best known for his work as leader of Byron Lee and the Dragonaires, they turned professional in 1956 and went on to become one of Jamaica's leading ska bands, continuing since and taking in other genres such as calypso, Soca, and Mas. He also purchased the West Indies Records Limited (WIRL) recording studios, renaming it Dynamic Sounds it soon became one of the best-equipped studios in the Caribbean, attracting both local and international recording artists, including Paul Simon and The Rolling Stones (bladder cancer) b. June 27 1935. 2010: James Freud/Colin Joseph McGlinchey (51) Australian vocalist and bassist; he grew up in Melbourne and formed his first band, Sabre, at the age of 16, with high school friends, but at 17 he left home pursue his musical dreams. After hearing the Sex Pistols' "God Save the Queen" in 1977, he formed the band The Spred. By early 1979, with ex-members of Colt, he formed James Freud & the Radio Stars their debut single, "Modern Girl," was released in May 1980, which peaked at No.12 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. In 1982, he joined the successful alternative rock band Models as bass guitarist and shared lead vocalist duties on some songs, beginning with one of his compositions, "Facing The North Pole in August" from The Pleasure of Your Company, recorded in 1983. In 1985, two James-penned hits, "Barbados" and "Out of Mind, Out of Sight", took Models to No.2 and No.1 on the Australian singles chart, respectively. He remained in the band until they split in 1988. He went on to launch a solo career, played in other bands including Beatfish and Moondog, and wrote his first autobiography in 2002, ''I Am the Voice Left from Drinking'' where he detailed his alcoholism. In 2007-09 James performed with Melbourne tribute band 80s Enuff and in 2008, he released his last solo album ''See you in Hell''. Prior to his death, James was manager for his sons' band, Attack of the Mannequins, on the development of an album entitled Rage of the World. A week before his death, 27 October, James with Models were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame, but due to his alcohol illness he did not attend (James sadly committed suicide) b. 29 June 29th 1959. 2012: Theodore "Ted" Curson (77) American jazz trumpeter, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and perhaps best known for recording and performing with Charles Mingus. He became interested in playing trumpet after watching a newspaper salesman play a silver trumpet and was 10 years old, he received his first trumpet. He attended Granoff School of Music in Philadelphia. At the suggestion of Miles Davis, he moved to New York in 1956. He performed and recorded with Cecil Taylor in the late 1950s and early 1960s. His 1964 Eric Dolphy tribute composition "Tears for Dolphy" has been used in many films. Ted also belonged to the greater New York area’s jazz scene. In 1983 he established a late-night jam session at the Blue Note, which he ran on and off for more than a decade. And for roughly the last 10 years he had been leading a jam session one night a month at Trumpets Jazz Club in Montclair. He was a familiar face in Finland also, having performed annually at the Pori Jazz festival each year since the beginning of the event in 1966 and in 2007, he performed at Finland's Independence Day Ball at the invitation of president Tarja Halonen. (sadly died from heart failure) b. June 3rd 1935. 2013: Charlie Chesterman (?) American alternative rock singer, guitarist and frontman of Boston college-radio favorites Scruffy the Cat, part of the late-’80s cowpunk scene that helped spawn the alt-country movement. Between 1987 and 1989, Scruffy the Cat released two albums and two EPs and some MTV airplay with thier single “My Baby, She’s Alright” (sadly died while fighting cancer) b.???? 2013: Eleanor Mlotek (91) American musicologist born in Brooklyn who specialized in Yiddish folklore. WorldCat lists her as author of 70 works in 112 editions, in 6 languages. They include both collections of music and exhibition catalogs of Yiddish authors. She held the position of Music Archivist at the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research and is also a columnist at the Yiddish Forward (?) b. April 9th 1922. 2015: Károly Horváth (65) Romanian–Hungarian composer, singer, cello, double bass, and flutist, born in Oradea and graduated from the Music Lyceum in 1970. From 1975 he worked in Hungarian TV for a Bucharest television station. He founded Transylvania's first folk music bands, "Concord" and "Táltos". He also founded the "Tinodi" music band and the Sándor Tomcsa Theatre as well as helping to found the Székelyudvarhely Festival. From 1975-1987, he performed in theatre in both Romania and Hungary. In 1992 he toured Western Europe, North and South America, and Australia with the Mákvirág folk-együtteshez/"Poppy Folk Ensemble". From 1992, he was primarily involved in musical theatre as a composer and musician, in Hungary, Transylvania and Vojvodina. Also from 2005 to 2011 he was musical director of the Griff Puppet Theatre, after which he became director of music and composer at the Sékesfehérvár Royal Games.(?) b. October 26th 1950. 2016: Eddie Harsch/Edward Hawrysch (59) Canadian keyboardist born Toronto, Ontario, and later moved to the USA. In the 1980s, was a member of James Cotton's band, which received a Grammy nomination in 1984 for 'Live from Chicago: Mr. Superharp Himself!'. In 1991 Eddie became rock band The Black Crowes' first actual member keyboardist, his first major gig was the "High as the Moon" world tour in 1992. He was a member of the Black Crowes until their haitus in 2002 and again breifly 2005 and 2006. In 2002 Eddie joined Detroit-based jam band Bulldog until early 2005, during that time he also played bass in the Detroit Cobras. He rejoined joined Bulldag and was a member until his death. In 2016 Eddie was in the proccess of co-founding a new band, the Magpie Salute, which also featured his former Black Crowes bandmates Rich Robinson, Marc Ford and Sven Pipien (?) b. May 27th 1957. November 5 . 1942: George M. Cohan (64) American musician, actor, writer, composer; he started his career as a child performing with his parents and sister in vaudeville as "The Four Cohans." He quickly started writing songs and sketches and went on to write some 500 songs in his lifetime. George was one of the founders of ASCAP. His many popular songs include "Over There", "Give My Regards to Broadway," and "The Yankee Doodle Boy." Beginning with Little Johnny Jones in 1904, he wrote and starred in over three dozen Broadway shows, continuing to perform until 1940. He appeared in films, including The Phantom President in 1932. Known in the decade before World War I as "the man who owned Broadway," he is considered the father of American musical comedy. His life and music were depicted in the Academy Award-winning film Yankee Doodle Dandy in 1942 and the 1968 musical George M!. A statue of Cohan is in Times Square in New York City. (abdominal cancer) b. July 3rd 1878. 1954: Oran 'Hot Lips' Page (46) American jazz trumpeter, singer, bandleader born in Dallas, Texas, known as a scorching soloist and powerful vocalist. In his early years, he travelled the southwest backing such blues singers as Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Ida Cox. He moved to Kansas City, Missouri in 1928 and played with leading bands, including the Walter Page's Blue Devils, Bennie Moten, and Count Basie's original Reno Club orchestra. A popular sessionist he was featured in Artie Shaw's Orchestra and played on many recording sessions, including duets with Pearl Bailey on "The Hucklebuck" and "Baby, It's Cold Outside" (?) b. January 27th 1908. 1956: Arthur "Art" Tatum, Jr. (47) American jazz pianist he is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest jazz pianists of all time. Born in Toledo, Ohio he was a child prodigy with perfect pitch, he learned to play by ear, picking out church hymns by the age of three, learning tunes from the radio and copying piano-roll recordings. By 19, Art was playing with vocalist Jon Hendricks at Toledo's Waiters & Bellman's Club, many top artists took notice of the young house pianist, often stunned by his speed and dexterity. In 1932, Tatum traveled to New York with vocalist Adelaide Hall and the following year he released "Tea for Two," which became his signature tune. He went on to play with all the top musicians in all the top places on bothsides of the ocean. Although Art was not considered a bebop jazz musician, he had a legion of bop followers like the alto saxophone icon Charlie Parker and pianist Bud Powell, and he became a mentor for pianists Billy Taylor and Oscar Peterson. By 1952, he began showing evidence of euremia, a toxic blood condition resulting from a severe kidney disease. In in 1953, Art tracked a record 124 solos for noted producer Norman Granz and while the sessions were hasty, they yielded material for 13 albums (kidney failure) b. October 13th 1909. 1960: Johnny Horton (35) American country music singer who was most famous for his semi-folk, so-called "saga songs" which launched the "historical ballad" craze of the late 1950s and early 1960s. With them, he had several major crossover hits, most notably in 1959 with "The Battle of New Orleans" which won the 1960 Grammy Award for Best Country & Western Recording. The song won the Grammy Hall of Fame Award and in 2001 ranked No. 333 of the RIAA's "Songs of the Century". In 1960, Johnny had two other crossover hits with "North to Alaska", featured in the John Wayne's hit film, North to Alaska; and "Sink the Bismarck". He was also a rockabilly singer, with hits such as "Honky Tonk Man" and "I'm a One-Woman Man" and he was inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. (fatal car crash, when a drunk truck driver hit his car near Milano, Texas) b. April 30th 1925. 1964: Buddy Cole/Edwin LeMar Cole (47) American jazz pianist, organist and bandleader; born in Irving, Illinois, he started his musical career in cinemas playing between movies. He moved to Hollywood and played with a couple of bands, most notably the Alvino Ray big band, before becoming a studio musician. He played piano for Bing Crosby for a number of years and also toured with Rosemary Clooney and backed the likes of Jill Corey, and The Four Lads. He also worked extensively with Henry Mancini, who used his distinctive Hammond organ sound for the sound track to the TV series "Mr. Lucky." He also recorded several albums for Warner Brothers records on piano, Hammond organ and theatre pipe organ.Buddy recorded for Capitol Records as both Buddy Cole and as Eddie LaMar and His Orchestra. (heart attacks) b. December 15th 1916 1967: Robert Lee McCoy/Robert Nighthawk/Robert Lee McCollum (57) American guitarist, vocalist and slide guitarist;born in Helena, Arkansas, he left home young working as a street busker. Under his real name Robert Lee McCollum, he settled for a time in Memphis, where he played with local orchestras and musicians, such as the Memphis Jug Band. Ann influence during this period was Houston Stackhouse, from whom he learnt to play slide guitar, and with whom he appeared on the radio in Jackson, Mississippi. Under the name of Robert Lee McCoy he moved to St. Louis, in the mid 1930s. He played the likes of Henry Townsend, Big Joe Williams, and Sonny Boy Williamson. This led to 2 recording dates in 1937, the four musicians recorded together at the Victor Records studio in Aurora, Illinois, as well as solo recordings including "Prowling Night-Hawk" recorded 5 May 1937, from which he would take his later pseudonym. Robert seemed to disappear, then in 1963, as Nighthawk, he was rediscovered busking in Chicago, this led to further recording sessions and club dates, and to his return to Arkansas, where he appeared on the King Biscuit Time radio programme on KFFA. (sadly he had a stroke followed by a heart attack and died of heart failure) b. November 30th 1909. 1970: Albert Ayler (34)American jazz saxophonist, singer and composer, born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, he was among the most primal of the free jazz musicians of the 1960s. He was first taught alto saxophone by his father. In 1952, at the age of 16, he began playing bar-walking, honking, R&B-style tenor with blues singer and harmonica player Little Walter, spending two summer vacations with Walter's band. He later studied at the Academy of Music in Cleveland with jazz saxophonist Benny Miller. Albert relocated to Sweden in 1962 where his recording career began, leading Swedish and Danish groups on radio sessions, and jamming as an unpaid member of Cecil Taylor's band in the winter of 1962-1963. Back in New York, US, he found respect and he influenced the new generation of jazz players, as well as veterans like John Coltrane who he worked with. In 1964 he toured Europe, with the trio augmented with trumpeter Don Cherry, recorded and released as The Hilversum Session. On his return from Europe, Albert embarked on his first major recording contract, since John Coltrane, recording The Village Concerts, New Grass, and Music is the Healing Force of the Universe (It is said that on November 5th 1970, he took the ferry to the Statue of Liberty and jumped off as the boat neared Liberty Island. He was found dead in New York City's East River on Nov 25, a presumed suicide. Rumors circulated that he had been murdered, due to his involvement in the black power movement. There was no autopsy) b. July 13th 1936. 1977: Gaetano Alberto "Guy" Lombardo (75) Canadian, then American bandleader and violinist born in London, Ontario. Forming "The Royal Canadians" in 1924 with his brothers Carmen, Lebert, and Victor and other musicians from his hometown, he led the group to international success, billing themselves as creating "The Sweetest Music This Side of Heaven''. The Lombardos are believed to have sold between 100 and 300 million phonograph records during their career. In 1938, Guy became a naturalized citizen of the United States. The Royal Canadians were noted for playing the traditional song Auld Lang Syne as part of the celebrations. Their recording of the song still plays as the first song of the new year in Times Square. He was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007 (sadly died after suffering a heart attack) b. June 19th 1902. 1986: Bobby Nunn (61) American lead and bass singer born in Birmingham, Alabama; in 1955, he and Carl Gardner split from The Robins to form The Coasters with Leon Hughes and Billy Guy. After leaving The Coasters, he teamed with Leon Hughes to record as The Dukes in 1959, releasing two singles "Looking For You" b/w "Groceries, Sir" and "I Love You" b/w "Leap Year Cha Cha". He went on to work with both Dorsey Burnette and The O'Jays, before he put together his own Coasters, in 1985, they appeared on the NBC variety show "Our Time" hosted by Karen Valentine (heart failure) b. September 20th 1925. 1989: Vladimir Horowitz (86) Ukrainian-Russian-American classical virtuoso pianist and composer. His technique and use of tone colour and the excitement of his playing were and remain legendary. He is widely considered one of the greatest pianists of the 20th century. He gave his US debut on January 12, 1928, in Carnegie Hall. He played Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 under the direction of Sir Thomas Beecham, who was also making his U.S. debut. (he died in New York of a heart attack and was buried in the Toscanini family tomb in Cimitero Monumentale, Milan, Italy) b. October 1st 1903. 1989: Lucius "Lu" Watters (77) American trumpeter and bandleader in the "West Coast revival" of Dixieland music. Born in Santa Cruz, California he played trumpet by the age of 11 and got his first work on a cruise ship. He then worked for Bob Crosby before deciding to form a Dixieland-style band. He founded the Yerba Buena Jazz Band in 1939 and it would be a leading force in the Dixieland revival for the next 11 years, with a small off-period caused by the war. In 1950 he broke up the band and in 1957 he retired from full-time playing. In 1963 he made a bit of a return by playing with Turk Murphy at anti-nuclear rallies. (?) b. December 19th 1911. 1990: Bobby Scott (53) American musician, record producer, and songwriter born in Mount Pleasant, New York, and became a pianist, vibraphonist, and singer, but could also play the accordion, cello, clarinet, and double bass.In 1952 he began touring with Louis Prima, and performed with Gene Krupa and Tony Scott in the 1950s. In 1956 he hit the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with the song "Chain Gang", peaking at No.13 and was awarded a gold disc. As a bandleader, he did sessions for Verve, ABC-Paramount, Bethlehem, and Musicmasters. As a songwriter, he won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition for the song "A Taste of Honey". In addition to "A Taste of Honey", he also co-wrote "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother". In the 1960s he became a music teacher, as well as occasionally recording, including a Nat King Cole tribute album in the 1980s. He also arranged for jazz and easy listening musicians such as Les and Larry Elgart. (sadly died fighting cancer) b. January 29th 1937. 1996: Eddie Harris (62)American tenor saxophonist, though he was also fluent on the electric piano and organ. His best-known composition is "Freedom Jazz Dance", recorded and popularized by Miles Davis in the 1960s. Born in Chicago, after college he was drafted into the United States Army. While serving in Europe he was accepted into the 7th Army Band, which also included Don Ellis, Leo Wright, and Cedar Walton. After getting out of the army he worked in New York City before returning to Chicago, where he signed a contract with Vee Jay Records. His first album Exodus to Jazz included his own jazz arrangement of Ernest Gold's theme from the movie Exodus. Eddie also came up with the idea of the reed trumpet, playing one for the first time at The Newport Jazz Festival of 1970. Until the mid 70s he experimented with new instruments of his own invention, the reed trumpet was a trumpet with a saxophone mouthpiece, the saxobone was a saxophone with a trombone mouthpiece, and the guitorgan was a combination of guitar and organ. He continued to record into the 1990s, but his experimentation ended and he mainly recorded hard bop (??) b. October 20th 1934. 1997: Epic Soundtracks/Kevin Paul Godfrey (38) English drummer, pianist; brought up in Solihull, with his brother Adrian Nicholas, who was known as Nikki Sudden. In 1972 they formed the nucleus of the post-punk rock group Swell Maps, with "Epic" on drums and piano, and "Nikki" on guitar and vocals. He later played drums for both Crime and the City Solution, and These Immortal Souls. In 1991, he decided to focus on his own songwriting career, as a vocalist and multi-instrumentalist he released three solo albums and two more "Everything is Temporary", and "Good Things" have been released posthumously. (Epic died in his sleep, speculation has been made of the manner of his death; however, the official cause of death was ruled as inconclusive) b. March 23rd 1959. 2002: Billy Guy/Frank William Phillips (66) American singer comedy singer but better known for being lead singer and baritone singer with The Coasters singing lead on such hits as "Searchin'," "Little Egypt," "Run Red Run," "Wait A Minute," among others. Before he joined The Coasters in 1955, he was part of a comedy singing duo called "Bip and Bop." One single called "Ding Ding Dong" b/w "Du-Wada-Du" was released on Aladdin Records in 1955. He did about a dozen or so solo recordings in 1963 for Double-L Records which later show up on collections as by The Coasters. Billy also made a number of solo records during the 1960s and 1970s including some X rated comedy albums. In 1977, he appeared, along with Grady Chapman and Jerome Evans, on a recording "Paid The Price" by Michelle Phillips on her album "Victim Of Romance." (?) b. June 20th 1936. 2003: Bobby Lee Hatfield (63) American singer-songwriter born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, and moved with his family to Anaheim, California when he was four. A 1958 graduate of Anaheim High School, where he had sung in the school choir. He met his singing future partner Bill Medley while at California State University Long Beach. The pair began singing together '62 in the LA area in a group called the Paramours, sounding like African-American gospel singers, they renamed their act "The Righteous Brothers". Their first charted single was "Little Latin Lupe Lu" and their first No.1 was "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" came in 1964. Follow-up hits included the No.1 "(You're My) Soul and Inspiration" and "Unchained Melody", the latter of which was a Hatfield solo performance that he recorded again after the success of the movie "Ghost", remarking that he had not lost any of the high notes in his tenor/falsetto range since the original recording, but had actually gained one note. The duo broke up in 1968 but returned with another hit in 1974, the No.3 "Rock and Roll Heaven." The duo was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in March 2003 by Billy Joel (He was found dead in hotel room in Michigan 30 minutes before he was due on stage, allegedly an overdose of cocaine had precipitated a fatal heart attack) b. August 10th 1940. 2005: Link Wray/Frederick Lincoln Wray (76) American singer, guitarist born Dunn, North Carolina; he was noted for pioneering a new sound for electric guitars, as heard in his hit '58 instrumental "Rumble", which pioneered an overdriven distorted electric guitar sound, and also for having, invented the power chord, the major modus operandi of modern rock guitarist. Rolling Stone included Link at No. 67 on their list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. He was a great inspiration to Jeff Beck, Duff McKagan, Jimmy Page, Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, Marc Bolan, Pete Townsend, Bruce Springsteen, and countless others. He is also credited with inventing 'fuzz' guitar after punching a hole in a speaker (heart failure) b. May 2nd 1929. 2005: Virginia MacWatters (93) American coloratura soprano, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, she studied at the Curtis Institute of Music, and sang 611 Broadway performances of Adele in Rosalinda from 1942 to 1944. She made her formal operatic debut at the San Francisco Opera, as Musetta in La bohème, in 1944. She also appeared on Broadway in La serva padrona as Serpina, 1944 and Mr Strauss Goes to Boston as Brook Whitney, 1945. Virginia sang at the New York City Opera from 1946 to 1951, in The Pirates of Penzance as Mabel, Rigoletto as Gilda, Il barbiere di Siviglia as Rosina, The Old Maid and the Thief as Laetitia, Le nozze di Figaro as Susanna, Les contes d'Hoffmann as Olympia, and Ariadne auf Naxos as Zerbinetta. She appeared at the first season of opera in English at Covent Garden following World War II, in the name part of Manon and as Sophie in Der Rosenkavalier, in 1947. At the New Orleans Opera Association, the coloratura was seen in Il barbiere di Siviglia-1949, Die Fledermaus-1955 and Le nozze di Figaro-1956. She retired in 1982 (?) b. June 19th 1912. 2007: Nigel Ian Norman Snook (63) English musician born in Poole, Dorset. He played banjo on Unit 4 + 2 's first single "The Green Fields". (?) b. February 26th 1944 2010: Michelle Nicastro (50) American singer, actress born in Washington D.C., she provided the voice of Princess Odette in The Swan Princess and its sequels, and the singing voice of Callisto for the Xena: Warrior Princess episode "The Bitter Suite". She also had guest starring roles in Airwolf and Knight Rider. She appeared, briefly, as the college sweetheart of Billy Crystal in When Harry Met Sally. In 1996 she played Snow White in Coach episode "Grimmworld" as the girlfriend of Michael "Dauber" Daubinski and had a role in Full House as Roxanne. On the stage, she created the role of Ariadne in the 1983 Broadway musical Merlin. She was the first Eponine in the second US tour of Les Misérables in 1988. She recorded 4 albums, 2 albums, ''Toonful'' and ''Toonful Too'' feature songs from animated musicals, ''Reel Imagination'' features songs from family musicals, and ''On My Own'' features songs from contemporary Broadway musicals (died after battling cancer) b. March 31st 1960. 2010: Shirley Verrett (79) American operatic mezzo-soprano who successfully transitioned into soprano roles i.e. soprano sfogato. Making her operatic debut in Britten's The Rape of Lucretia in 1957, she became particularly well known for her singing in French and Italian opera, particularly works of Verdi and Donizetti and went on to enjoy great fame from the late 1960s through the 1990s and was much admired for her radiant voice, beauty, and great versatility (sadly died of heart failure) b. May 31st 1931. 2011: Bhupen Hazarika (85) Assamese singer, composer, lyricist, music director, filmmaker a from the state of Assam in India. He was a legend in Indian music, influenced many people throughout the country and neighboring countries. His song reflected his view on the current situations of society, culture, politics, corruption etc. He composed songs in Assamese, Bengali, Hindi and English. He played an important role in visualizing the culture and art of Assam to other parts of India and world (sadly died of multi-organ failure) b. September 8th 1926. 2012: Elliott Carter (103) American composer and two-time Pulitzer Prize winner; he studied with Nadia Boulanger in Paris in the 1930s, and then returned to the United States. From 1940-44, he taught in the program, including music, at St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. He held teaching posts at the Peabody Conservatory 1946–48, Columbia University, Queens College, New York 1955–56, Yale University 1960–62, Cornell University from 1967 and the Juilliard School from 1972. In 1967, he was made a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 1981, he was awarded the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize, in 1985 the National Medal of Arts. His compositions, which have been performed all over the world, include orchestral and chamber music as well as solo instrumental and vocal works. He was extremely productive in his later years, publishing more than 40 works between the ages of 90 and 100, and over 14 more after he turned 100 in 2008. His last work, 12 Short Epigrams for piano, was completed on August 13th 2012. (Elliot died from natural causes) b. December 11th 1908. 2012: Leonardo Favio/Fuad Jorge Jury (74) Argentine singer, actor, and film director; born in Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza, he was one of the most successful Argentine singers in the 1960s and 1970s with big hits like Fuiste mía un verano, Ella, ella ya me olvidó, Quiero aprender de memoria, Ding, dong, las cosas del amor and La cita and he starred in many films including "Crónica de un niño solo" and "El romance del Aniceto y la Francisca". On October 9th 2010, he was appointed Argentina's Ambassador of Culture by national decree of the president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (sadly died while fighting polyneuritis melaminosa and HCV) b. May 28th 1938 2014: Manitas de Plata/Ricardo Baliardo (93) French gitano flamenco guitarist born in a gypsy caravan in Sète in southern France and he became famous by playing each year at the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer Gypsy pilgrimage in Camargue, where he was recorded live by Deben Bhattacharya and only agreed to play in public ten years after the death of Django Reinhardt. He recorded his first official album in the chapel of Arles in France, in 1963, for the Phillips label. Upon hearing him play at Arles in 1964, Pablo Picasso is said to have exclaimed "that man is of greater worth than I am!" and proceeded to draw on the guitar. Since the mid 60s he has toured the world many times performing at top venues such as Carnegie Hall, New York and the London Palladium (?) b. August 7th 1921. 2015: Kjell Öhman (72) Swedish jazz musician who sang and played the piano, hammond organ, and accordion. He worked as kapellmeister/arranger of music albums, and of TV programs, among them Notknäckarna, Allsång på Skansen (1994–2010), Hasse och hans vänner and Café Luleå. Kjell appeared in more than 3000 albums and worked with musicians, among them The Telstars, Marcus Österdahl, Alice Babs, Georgie Fame, Charlie Norman, Svend Asmussen, Arne Domnérus, Simons, Ulf Wakenius, Rune Gustafsson, Hans Backenroth and Ulf Lundell. In 2006 he received the Jan Johansson Scholarship.(?) b. September 3rd 1943 2015: Nora Brockstedt (92) Norwegian singer born in Oslo. She started out with the highly reputed Chat Noir in Oslo at the age of 20. During the next two decades, she became one of Norway's most famous and beloved singers and entertainers. Throughout the 1950s she had several sing-along radio hits, including "En liten pike i lave sko", "Augustin", and "Tango for to". In the years 1950 to 1954, she was a member of the group The Monn Keys. Nora represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1960 and 1961, with the memorable songs "Voi-voi" and "Sommer i Palma" and appeared on the Advent Calendar-themed seasonal television program Jul i Skomakergata in 1979. In her last years, she focused more on the jazz genre, with successful albums like 'As Time Goes By' in 2004 and Christmas Songs in 2005. (?) b. January 20th 1923. 2015: Guido Masanetz (101) German music director, composer and conductor born in Friedek, Moravia, Austria-Hungary and one of the most important and successful musical personalities of the former GDR. After elementary school he trained at the Municipal Music School in Šumperk, Czech Republic. During his military service in the Czechoslovak Army in Pilsen he continued his training in music theory and composition. He went on to compose numerous songs, hits, operettas, musicals and film music, especially for fairy tale films. He created the long-standing successfully played musical "Frisco is the Hell is Going On" and he wrote, among other many things, the well-known songs "Colorful lanterns" and 1962 "Sailor Have You Forgotten Me?" (?) b. May 17th 1914. November 6 . 1672: Heinrich Schütz (87) German composer worked most of Europe, including in the court of Prince Christian of Denmark and the court of Prince Johann Georg. He is regarded as the most important German composer before Johann Sebastian Bach and often considered to be one of the most important composers of the 17th century along with Claudio Monteverdi. He wrote what is thought to be the first German opera, Dafne, performed at Torgau in 1627, of which the music has since been lost. He is commemorated as a musician in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on July 28 with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel (stroke) b. October 8th 1585. 1893: Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (53) Russia composer, pianist of the Romantic era, of often dramatic, richly expressive works. His wide ranging output includes symphonies, operas, ballets, instrumental and chamber music and songs. He wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the classical repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, his First Piano Concerto, his last three numbered symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin (sadly lost to cholera) b. May 7th 1840. 1965: Clarence Williams (67) American jazz pianist, composer, promoter, and business man; born in Plaquemine, Louisiana, he ran away from home at age 12 to join Billy Kersand's Traveling Minstrel Show, then moved to New Orleans. Clarence started a music publishing business with violinist/bandleader Armand J. Piron 1915. He toured briefly with W.C. Handy, set up 3 music stores in Chicago, after which he settled in New York in 1923. He supervised African-American recordings for New York offices of Okeh phonograph company in the Gaiety Theatre office building in Times Square. He recruited many of the artists who performed on that label. He also recorded extensively, leading studio bands frequently for OKeh, Columbia and occasionally other record labels. He mostly used "Clarence Williams' Jazz Kings" for his hot band sides and "Clarence Williams' Washboard Five" for his washboard sides. His hits include "I Wish I Could Shimmy Like My Sister Kate", "Baby Won't You Please Come Home", "Royal Garden Blues", "Tain't Nobody's Business If I Do", "Shout, Sister, Shout" and many others. He also produced and participated in early recordings by Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, Bessie Smith, Virginia Liston, and many others.His New York publishing company prospered, continuing to do business until 1943 when he sold its catalog of over 2,000 songs to Decca for a reputed $50,000. Clarence was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970, (?) b. October 8th 1898. 1968: Charles Munch (77) Alsatian symphonic conductor and violinist, born in Strasbourg, Alsace-Lorraine, German Empire now France, he is best known as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In 1920, he became professor of violin at the Strasbourg Conservatoire and assistant concertmaster of the Strasbourg Philharmonic Orchestra. Over the next 2 decades he held a number of prestigious posts before he made his début with the Boston Symphony Orchestra on December 27th 1946. He was its Music Director from 1949 to 1962. Charles was also Director of the Berkshire Music Festival and Berkshire Music Center, Tanglewood, from 1951 through 1962. He also received honorary degrees from Boston University, Harvard University, and Brandeis University. During the 1960s, Munch appeared regularly as a guest conductor throughout America, Europe, and Japan. In 1967 he founded the Orchestre de Paris (He died in Richmond, Virginia, of a heart attack while on an American tour with the Orchestre de Paris) b. September 26th 1891. 1972: Billy Murcia (21) Colombian drummer, born in Bogotá, and raised in Jackson Heights, New York. He started out in 1967, with Sylvain Sylvain in a band called "The Pox", before forming the punk band New York Dolls in 1971. He played during their now-legendary series of weekly shows at the Mercer Arts Center, and went on their 1972 UK tour (While on a UK tour Billy was at a party, and passed out from an accidental overdose. He was put in a bathtub and force-fed coffee in an attempt to revive him, but tragically resulted in asphyxiation and death) b. 1951 1975: François de Roubaix (36) French film score composer, born in Neuilly-sur-Seine; he did not receive any formal education in music, but began studying jazz on his own at age 15, forming a band and learning trombone as an autodidact. His father, filmmaker Paul de Roubaix, made educational films, and offered to let François compose scores for them. His first film score was for a 1961 film by Robert Enrico; through the late 1960s and early 1970s he scored films for Enrico, Jose Giovanni, Jean-Pierre Melville, Jean-Pierre Mocky, and Yves Boisset. Notable in his style is his use of folk elements, as well as electronic musical instruments such as synthesizers and early drum machines. In 1976, his score for Le Vieux Fusil was awarded a César Award. (tragically François died in a car accident in Tenerife, Canary Islands) b. April 3rd 1939. 1986: Elisabeth Grümmer (75) German operatic soprano, born at Niederjeutz, near Diedenhofen; she studied theatre and made her stage debut as Klärchen in Goethe's Egmont. She married the concertmaster of the theater orchestra, Detlev Grümmer, and they moved to Aachen, where they met Herbert von Karajan. Elisabeth started to take singing lessons, von Karajan cast her as the first flower maiden in a performance of Wagner's Parsifal. She went on to perform in Duisburg and Prague. She performed in all the major opera houses in Europe and the United States, restricting herself to a small number of roles, primarily sung in German. She was also active in song recitals and concert performances, particularly of Brahms' German Requiem (?) b. March 31st 1911. 1987: Zohar Argov (32) Israeli singer and a distinctive voice in the Mizrahi music scene, born in Rishon LeZion. Zohar's debut album Eleanor in 1981 featured the title track, "Sod HaMazalot"/"The Zodiac Secret", and "Mah Lakh Yaldah"/"What's up Girl", a tribute to his ex-wife, Bracha. Among his other hits are "HaPerakh BeGani" /"The Flower in My Garden", "Mah Lakh Yaldah", "Ba'avar Hayu Zmanim"/"In The Past There Were Times" and "Badad"/"Alone", which are now considered Israeli classics and an integral part of national culture. (He committed suicide by hanging himself in his jail cell after he was arrested on rape charges) b. July 16th 1955. 1997: Epic Soundtracks/Kevin Godfrey (37)English piano, drums, singer, songwriter, born in Croydon, but brought up in Solihull, Midlands with his brother Adrian Nicholas, who was known as Nikki Sudden; In 1972 the brothers formed the nucleus of what was to become the post-punk rock group Swell Maps, with "Soundtracks" on drums and piano, and "Sudden" on guitar and vocals. Soundtracks later played drums for Crime and the City Solution and These Immortal Souls. In 1991, he decided to focus on his own songwriting career. (died in his sleep, suicide was suspected) b. March 23rd 1959. 2005: Minako Honda (38) Japanese singer and musical actress born in Tokyo; she got famous and popular known as "Japan's Madonna" because of her sexy fashion and live performances in the mid to late 1980s. She was also one of the singers to sing Japanese and English languages. She took formal acting and singing lessons, and became a notable theatrical singer and actress. In auditions for the Tokyo production of Miss Saigon, she won out over 12,000 other candidates for the part of Kim, earning the nickname "Tokyo's Miss Saigon". She appeared in many other theatrical performances. (sadly died from complications from myelocytic leukemia) b. July 31st 1967. 2006: Jance Garfat (62) American bassist and a founder member in the pop-country rock band Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show, later named Dr.Hook, from 1972 till they disbanded in 1985. At the height of their success Dr Hook were top of the charts in 42 countries, they amassed 60 gold and platinum singles and albums. Their hits include "The Cover of the Rolling Stone", "Sylvia's Mother", "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman", and "Sexy Eyes". (tragically killed in a motorcycle accident, while swirving to avoid a dog in Oakland, CA) b. March 20th 1944. 2007: Hank Thompson (82) American country music singer and songwriter whose career spanned seven decades. He sold over 60 million records worldwide. His musical style, characterized as Honky Tonk Swing, was a mixture of fiddles, electric guitar and steel guitar that featured his distinctive, gravelly baritone vocals. Born in Waco, Texas, Hank decided to pursue his musical career after serving in the US Navy in World War II, having a two-sided chart hit in the '40s, "Soft Lips"/"The Grass is Greener Over Yonder". In 1952, Hank with his backing band The Brazos Valley Boys had a huge hit with "Wild Side Of Life", the song became one of the most popular recordings in the genre's history, spending 15 weeks at No.1 Billboard country charts (lung cancer) b. September 3rd 1925. 2007: George Osmond (90) American patriarch of the Osmond singing family; he managed his sons' careers, and at an appearance at Disneyland, they caught the eye of Walt Disney, who took a personal interest in them. The boys auditioned for Andy Williams, whose father helped launch them into the national spotlight. As George's children's fortune rose, he put his career aside to focus on the family's musical interests and moved the family to California to place them closer to the heart of the entertainment industry (natural causes) b. October 13th 1917. 2007: Jimmy Staggs (72) American radio disk jockey; a longtime Chicago, USA radio disc jockey and record store owner. His radio career began in Birmingham on WYDE AM. From there, it was on to Philadelphia on WBIG, San Francisco on KYA, and Milwaukee on WOKY before his stint at KYW, Cleveland and others. At WCFL, the "Voice of Labor", he did the "afternoon drive" shift. He referred to the studio call-in line as the "Stagg Line" and produced a feature titled "Stagg's Starbeat" in-depth, provocative, and insightful interviews with local, national and international music celebrities. Staggs interviewed nearly every major rock star of the 1960s, including Neil Diamond, Ray Charles, Frank Sinatra, The Rolling Stones, the Supremes, The Monkees, and Simon & Garfunkel. He left the radio business in 1975, and started a chain of record stores in the northern suburbs of Chicago. He opened a record store called "Record City," which eventually became a chain with locations in Lake Zurich, Skokie, Glenview, and Northbrook, with two more outlets in Orlando, Florida. The last Record City, in Lake Zurich, closed in 2005 (sadly lost to esophageal cancer) b. October 7th 1935. 2009: Jacno/Denis Quilliard (52) French musician, he was a founding member of the first French punk band The Stinky Toys. They took part in the 100 Club Punk Festival in London, sharing the bill with such bands as Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned and Buzzcocks.The Stinky Toys released a self titled album brfore splitting in 1979. In the early 1980s, Jacno teamed up with former Stinky Toys singer Elli Medeiros to form the pop duo Elli et Jacno.They released three albums together before splitting up to cocerntrate on solo careers. Jacno had also released his debut solo album 'Jacno' in '79, followed by seven more, the last being Tant de Temps in 2006 (cancer) b. July 3rd 1957. 2011: Gordon Beck (75) British jazz pianist and composer born in Brixton, London, and studied piano in his youth, but went into a career as an engineering technical draughtsman. Largely self-taught, he returned to music after spending time in Canada where he was exposed to the works of George Shearing and Dave Brubeck. He joined Tubby Hayes group in 1962 back in England he and later formed his own trio, made up of Tony Oxley, Jeff Clyne, and himself. From 1969 to 1972 he toured with Phil Woods's European Rhythm Machine. He was a member of Nucleus during 1972-74 and after which he formed the group Gyroscope. Gordon also recorded albums with Allan Holdsworth, with whom he also toured the States and Japan, Henri Texier, Didier Lockwood among others and is maybe best remembered by many for his album Experiments With Pops (?) b. September 16th 1936. 2011: Mito Loeffler (50) French gypsy jazz guitarist, a perfect representative of the gypsy style of eastern France, solid right hand, phrasing and virtuosic percussive happy, thunderous chord bearing, his joy of playing was never hidden. This really great musician carried the legacy of Django Reinhardt with honor and his sudden death leaves a large gap in the Gypsy jazz scene (a possible heart attack) b. 1961. 2013: Clyde Stacy (77) American singer, guitarist and a co-creator of the Tulsa Sound, known for the 1950s hit songs "Hoy Hoy," and "So Young"; other hits included "So Young" and "Sure Do Love You Baby" (tragically died in a traffic collision when he drove into the back of a truck on U.S. 69 at Harris Road) b. 1936. 2014: Big Paybacc/Habeeb Ameer Zekajj (38) American West-Coast rapper, best known for his 2011 YouTube hit "Gangsta Luv" (tragically shot while having lunch at McDonalds; just weeks before his murder, Paybacc and numerous others confronted rapper Lil Wayne due to Wayne publicly bad-mouthing the street gang Crips in one of his music videos) b. 1976. 2014: Maggie Boyle (57) English folk singer, who also played flute, whistle and bodhrán. Born in London, as a youngster she joined the Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann /"Society of the Musicians of Ireland". She was a member of John Renbourn's group "Ship of Fools" from 1988, which released one album on the "Run River" label, owned and operated by her then husband and fellow group member Steve Tilston. She performed most of the music used in the movie Patriot Games in 1992 and Legends of the Fall in 1994. Maggie also worked with artists including Duck Baker, Ben Paley, Bert Jansch, Grace Notes, John McCormick, Gordon Tyrrall and many others. She released 3 solo albums from 1987 to her last, Won't You Come Away in 2012 (?) b. December 24th 1956. 2014: Rick "Rick the Bass Player" Rosas (65) American musician born in West LA, California where he went on to be one of the most sought after studio session musicians. He has played with Neil Young, Joe Walsh, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Rivers, Ron Wood, Etta James, and the short-lived reunion of the Buffalo Springfield, among many others, including touring with Dan Fogelberg in 1985. He had been the bassist for the Waddy Wachtel Band since 2000 and performed bass with The Flash in Jonathan Demme's movie Ricki and The Flash. The band was composed of guitarist Rick Springfield, drummer Joe Vitale and keyboardist Bernie Worrell, backing up Meryl Streep, as "Ricki," on vocals and guitar. While touring with Pegi Young & the Survivors, he got the call from Neil Young to fill in for Crazy Horse bassist Billy Talbot, who had suffered a mild stroke a few weeks before their 2014 European Tour, making Rick the only bassist to have played with Buffalo Springfield, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Crazy Horse (sadly died fighting lung cancer) b. September 10th 1949. 2015: José Ángel Espinoza aka Ferrusquilla (96) Mexican singer, composer and actor. His more famous hits include "Échame a mi la culpa", "La ley del monte", "Cariño nuevo", "El tiempo que te quede libre", and "Silencio Corazón". He has also appeared films such as Dos Alegres Gavilanes as Tito, House of Evil as Dr. Emery Horvath, Two Mules for Sister Sara as French Officer Pobre, and Pobre, pero honrada as Chimino (sadly died after suffering a stroke) b. October 2nd 1919. 2015: Ghulam Qadir Langoo (100) Pakistani Kashmiri Sufi singer and court singer of Hari Singh. Durng his long career, Ghulam, who retired from Radio Kashmir nearly four decades ago, shared stage with musical greats like Lata Mangeshkar, Aasha Bhonsle and Mahendra Kapoor, mostly playing Tanpura (a musical instrument). He also sang and played the instrument for political stalwarts like first Prime Minister of the country, Jawahar Lal Nehru, former chief ministers Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad. He is also credited with giving the Kashmiri music some of the finest female voices like Raj Begum, Zoon Begum and Naseem Akhtar. In his latter years Ghulam was honoured with the "Fazil Memorial Award" and the "Bhakshi Ghulam Mohammad Award". (?) b. 1914. 2015: Bob Lester/ Edgard de Almeida Negrao de Lima (102) Brazilian musician and tap dancer born in Santa Maria-RS. After winning a radio competition called "The Gong Time" he was hired to sing and tap dance at the Urca Casino, performing alongside artists like Oscarito, Grande Otelo and the famous starlet Mistinguette. He went on to excell in the 1930s 40s and 50s, performing in the US of A, parts of Europe and in South America. (?) b. January 17th 1913. 2015: Chuck Pyle aka Zen Cowboy (70) American country-folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and raised in Newton, Iowa, he sang in the school choir, but dropped out of college and moved to Boulder, Colorado in 1965, to build a career in music. In 1970, he joined up with John Cablein to form the band Colours. Chuck's career spanned more than 40 years, during which he recorded 13 albums. During his career, he wrote songs recorded by John Denver, Suzy Bogguss, Gary P. Nunn, the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Owen Temple and wrote "Cadillac Cowboy" for Chris LeDoux and Jerry Jeff Walker's "Jaded Lover" . He made numerous appearances on radio and television over the years to include Colorado Public Radio and Austin City Limits. Chuck released his last album, Cover Stories in January 2015(tragically he was found floating face down on Palmer Lake and pronounced dead at Penrose Hospital, Colorado Springs, Colorado. The autopsy report released by the El Paso Country Coroner's Office, Chuck Pyle drowned just after 8 p.m. while fly-fishing near his home in Palmer Lake, Colorado, a disease in the arteries, atherosclerosis, could have also contributed to his death) b. January 28th 1945. 2016: Zoltán Kocsis (64) Hungarian pianist, conductor and composer, born in Budapest, he began his musical studies at the age of five and continued them at the Béla Bartók Conservatory in 1963, studying composition and piano . In 1968 he studied at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music graduating in 1973. He recorded the complete solo piano works and works with piano and orchestra of Béla Bartók. Zoltan co-founded the Budapest Festival Orchestra in 1983 and was the musical director of the Hungarian National Philharmonic. He also performed with the Berlin Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic, the Staatskapelle Dresden, the Philharmonia of London, and the Vienna Philharmonic. (?) b. May 30th 1952. November 7 . 1960: A.P. Carter/Alvin Pleasant Delaney Carter (68) American country music singer-songwriter, guitarist and founding member of The Carter Family group, one of the most notable acts in the history of country music. Born in Maces Spring, Virginia. He married Sara Dougherty on June 18th 1915, and they had three children: Gladys/Millard, Janette/Jett, and Joe. In 1927, he formed the Carter Family band together with his wife and Sara's cousin, Maybelle, who was married to Alvin's brother, Ezra Carter, and they together formed the first commercial rural country music group. Alvin traveling extensively throughout the country collecting and blending songs, particularly from Appalachian musicians. Alvin and Sara separated in 1932, they officially divorced in 1939, but the band remained together until 1943. Maybelle and her daughters continued to tour as The Carter Family, while Alvin left the music business to run a general store in Virginia. In 1952, Alvin reformed The Carter Family with Sara and some of their grown children; the reunion lasted until 1956. Despite dying in relative obscurity, Alvin was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame and inducted as part of The Carter Family in the Country Music Hall of Fame both in 1970. In 1993, his image appeared on a U.S. postage stamp honoring the Carter Family. In 2001 he was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor (died in Kingsport, TN) b. December 15th 1891. 1964: Jasper Taylor (70) American jazz drummer; in his teens he performed in minstrel shows touring the American South and Mexico, and Wild West revues, including "Buffalo Bill" Cody's show. He played in Memphis, in 1913, on washboard, drums, wood blocks, and xylophone. As a xylophonist he collaborated with W.C. Handy, and later played with Jelly Roll Morton.In 1917 he moved to Chicago, where he was based out of for most of his career. He played with Handy, Will Marion Cook, Clarence Williams, and the Chicago Novelty Orchestra. He joined the military during World War I and served in France with the 365th Infantry Band. The 365th Infantry were nicknamed the "Buffalo Soldiers," the enlisted personnel were almost entirely African-American soldiers from Texas and Oklahoma. Next he worked with Dave Peyton, Fess Williams and again with Clarence Williams. In the 1930s, due to the downturn in opportunities to perform during the Great Depression, he quit music and became a cobbler. In the 1940s he returned to active performance with Freddie Shayne and others; in the 1950s he played for several years with Natty Dominique. Shortly before his death he led his own Creole Jazz Band (?) b. January 1st 1894. 1983: Germaine Tailleferre (91) French composer and the only female member of the famous composers' group Les Six. At the Paris Conservatory she was awarded prizes in several categories. Most notably she wrote 18 short works in the Petit livre de harpe de Madame Tardieu for Caroline Tardieu, the Conservatory’s Assistant Professor of Harp. In the 20s her 1st Piano Concerto, The Harp Concertino, the Ballets "Le marchand d'oiseaux" and "La nouvelle Cythère" and "Sous le ramparts d'Athènes" in collaboration with Paul Claudel, as well as several pioneering film scores, including "B'anda" in which she used African themes. The 30s produced the Concerto for Two Pianos, the Violin Concerto, Choeurs, Saxophones and Orchestra, Operas "Zoulaïna" and "Le marin de Bolivar", and "La cantate de Narcisse" in collaboration with Paul Valéry. In the 40s she composed orchestral and chamber music, plus many other works including the ballets "Paris-Magie" with Lise Delarme and "Parisiana", The Operas "Il était un petit navire" with Henri Jeanson, "Dolores", "La petite sirène" with Philip Soupault, and "Le maître" (?) b. April 19th 1892. 1986: Tracy Pew (28) Australian bassist, while attending Caulfield Grammar School in Melbourne, he joined a band called The Boys Next Door, along with schoolfriends Nick Cave, Mick Harvey and Phill Calvert. In 1976 he band relocated to London and renamed themselves The Birthday Party but did not find success. The Birthday Party split in 1983, although Tracy briefly played bass for Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds on a live tour and contributed to Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds' cover LP Kicking Against the Pricks. He returned to Melbourne to study literature and philosophy and also performed on Lydia Lunch's concept album Honeymoon In Red (an epileptic seizure resulted in head injuries so severe he died from a brain hemorrhage shortly afterwards) b. December 17th 1957. 1988: Conrad Bernier (84) French-Canadian organist, composer, and teacher born in Quebec City. In 1923 he won the Prix d’Europe to study organ in Paris, where he studied 1923-26. In 1926 he returned to Canada for a concert tour, after which he was organist at the Church of the Visitation in Detroit. His next appointment was at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he became director of the Organ Department in 1927. In that capacity he taught for almost half a century until he was named Professor Emeritus in 1974. He continued teaching counterpoint, fugue, and composition until the eve of his death(?) b. May 9th 1904. 1991: Prince Gideon Israel/Carter Cornelius (53) American R&B singer born in Dania Beach, FL; he was part of his family group Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose, along with his brother Eddie, and his sisters Billie Jo, and Rose, formed in 1971. They scored hits with "Treat Her Like A Lady", "Too Late To Turn Back Now", and "Don't Ever Be Lonely (A Poor Little Fool Like Me)". In '76 Carter went into seclusion with Yahweh Ben Yahweh, founder of the a religious sect the Nation of Yahweh, whose followers adopt the surname Israel. He built a recording studio where he wrote, recorded and mixed the sect's music and videos (sadly died of a heart attack) b. October 5th 1948. 1994: Shorty Rogers/Milton Rajonsky (70) American jazz trumpeter and arranger, born in in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He went on to be one of the principal creators of West Coast jazz. He played both the trumpet and flugelhorn, and was in demand for his skills as an arranger. He worked first as a professional musician with Will Bradley and Red Norvo. From 1947 to 1949, he worked extensively with Woody Herman and in '50 and '51 he played with Stan Kenton. From '53 through '62 he recorded a series of RCA Victor albums and Atlantic albums with his own group, Shorty Rogers and His Giants, including Shorty Courts the Count, The Swinging Mr. Rogers, and Martians Come Back. In the early '60s he quit the jazz scene for many years. In 1982, he was persuaded to pick up his trumpet, playing first with Britain’s National Youth Jazz Orchestra and soon with Bud Shank and others. In the 1990s he formed a Lighthouse All Stars group along with Shank, Bill Perkins and Bob Cooper. (fell ill in the early 1990s and died during KLON's West Coast Jazz festival) b. April 14th 1924 1995: Jerry Daniels (79) American tenor singer, guitarist and ukulele player, in 1931 he and Charlie Fuqua formed a vocal duo "Kyle and Charlie", performing in the Indianapolis area, before joining Hoppy Jones and Deek Watson to form The Ink Spots in '34. He left the group in 1936 before their commercial success (?) b. December 14th 1915. 2004: Howard Keel/Harold Clifford Leek (85) American singer, actor; starred in many of the classic film musicals of the 1950s. In 1945, he briefly understudied for John Raitt in the Broadway musical hit Carousel before being assigned to Oklahoma!, written by Rodgers and Hammerstein. When performing this play during this period, Howard accomplished a feat that has never been duplicated: he performed the leads in both shows on the same day. In 1947, Oklahoma! became the first American postwar musical to travel to London, England, and Howard/Harold joined the production. On the opening night, 30 April, at the Drury Lane Theatre, the capacity audience, which included the future Queen Elizabeth II, demanded fourteen encores. Keel was hailed as the next great star, becoming the toast of London's West End >>> READ MORE <<< (lost to colon cancer) b. April 13th 1919. 2008: Jody Reynolds/Ralph Joseph Reynolds (75) American rockabilly singer and guitarist, born in Denver, but grew up in Shady Grove, Oklahoma. Jody released 13 singles in the 60' & 70s, his biggest hit single was 1958's "Endless Sleep" which reached No.5 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. He wrote it in a single afternoon in 1956 while in Yuma, Arizona. (liver cancer) b. December 3rd 1932. 2011: Georgi Movsesyan (66) Russian composer, born in Kharkov, Ukraine; he graduated from the Gnessin State Musical College in 1964. Honored as a People's Artist of Russia in 2001, he is mostly known for his songs "Beryoza", "Moi goda", "Olympiada", "Nachalo" performed by Iosif Kobzon, Lev Leshchenko, Anna German, Vakhtang Kikabidze and others (Georgi sadly died of a heart attack) b. August 2nd 1945. 2012: Clive Dunn OBE (92) English actor, comedian and singer; born in Covent Garden, Westminster, London; he played in many film roles from the 1930s onwards, appearing alongside Will Hay in the films Boys Will Be Boys in 1935 and Good Morning, Boys in 1937. His last film role was along side Peter Sellers, in The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu in 1980. Clive served in the army with the 4th Queen's Own Hussars, in WW2, during which he spent 4 years in prisoner-of-war and labour camps in Austria, after which worked for many years in music halls and theatres. In 1956 and 1957, he appeared in both series of The Tony Hancock Show and the >>> READ MORE <<< (Clive sadly died in Porugal, from complications following an operation) b. January 9th 1920. 2012: Gyan Singh (61) Indian bass guitarist; his career stretched back several decades, in the 70s, he met Amyt Datta at the Beatstock, La Martiniere band competition. They became friends and longtime collaborators playing together in bands including Pop Secret. But he will, perhaps, be best remembered for his outstanding contribution as bassist and songwriter with the pioneering indie band Skinny Alley, again with Amyt. The band was formed in the 90s', and they released their first album Escape the Roar in 2003. This was followed by a second album "Moony Boom", in 2007 (sadly Gyan died while fighting cancer) b. 1951. 2012: Cleveland Duncan (77) American singer, founding member and lead vocalist of The Penguins, a doo-wop group of the 1950s and early 1960s. The pioneering vocal group was formed in L.A. in 1953 by Cleveland and his school friend Curtis Williams, along with Dexter Tisby and Bruce Tate. They are best remembered for their Top 10 hit, "Earth Angel (Will You Be Mine)", which was one of the first rhythm and blues tracks to cross over to the pop charts. The song peaked at No.8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, but had a three-week run at No.1 on the R&B chart. The group broke up in 1962, but Cleveland continued recording as "The Penguins", with Walter Saulsberry and a backing group, the Viceroys and other various members over the years. One of his last appearances with the group was on the PBS television special, Doo Wop 50, in 2001. Cleveland, along with The Penguins were inducted into The Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2004 (?) b. July 23rd 1935. 2015: Brandon Carlisle (37) American punk rock drummer and founding member of the band Teenage Bottlerocket. The band was formed by Brandon and his twin brother Ray following the dissolution of their previous band, Homeless Wonders, in 2000. They released 6 albums from 'Another Way' in 2003 to their last album 'Tales from Wyoming' in 2015 (On November 3rd 2015, Brandon was found unresponsive in his Fort Collins home by his roommate. He died 4 days later, in his sleep after being taken off life support) b. March 31st 1978. 2015: Eddie Hoh (71) American rock drummer, he grew up in Forest Park, Illinois, where he graduated from Proviso East High School in 1963. He moved to Los Angeles and in 1964 became known on the club circuit as a drummer for the Joel Scott Hill groups the Strangers and the Invaders. Although primarily a studio session and touring drummer, Hoh exhibited a degree of originality and showmanship that set him apart and several of his contributions have been singled out for acknowledgment by music critics. Often uncredited and unknown to audiences, he played the drums on several well-known rock songs and albums, including those by Donovan and the Monkees. He also performed at the seminal 1967 Monterey Pop Festival as a member of the Mamas and the Papas touring band. In 1968, he participated in the recording of Super Session, the highly successful 1968 Mike Bloomfield/Al Kooper/Stephen Stills collaboration album. He also recorded with Tim Buckley, The Giant Sunflower, Modern Folk Quartet, Lee Michaels, Harvey Mandel, Barry Goldberg Reunion, Charlie Musselwhite, Graham Bond, and Screamin' Jay Hawkins, however, his flurry of activity came to an end by the early 1970s and he remained out of the public eye until his death in 2015. (?) b. October 16th 1944. 2016: Biser Kirov (74) Bulgarian pop singer born in Silistra; in 1961 he graduated with honors from high school in Sofia. He created Reflex which became one of the first Bulgarian rock bands. In 1968 he was honored with the Gold medal and the title of Singer of the Year IX World Festival of Youth and Students, followed by 1st prize Golden Orpheusin 1970, Golden Dolphin in 1975, Gold medal of the XII World Festival of Youth and Students and Honored Artist of the People's Republic of Bulgaria both in 1985. Other honors include Honorary President of the Republic of Bulgaria sign and Honorary Diploma of the Government of Moscow both in 2008 and in 2009 he was Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, for outstanding contribution to the development of Russian-Bulgarian cultural co-operation and many years of creative activity. He worked a long time on the Bulgarian and Soviet television. He led the Golden Key program on the RTR channel, and several children 's programs in the Culture channel. Between 2006 and 2010 he was an adviser on cultural affairs of the Embassy of Bulgaria in Moscow and in 2010 the album Biser Kirov, was published internationally. (?) b. September 4th 1942. 2016: Jimmy Young/Sir Leslie Ronald Young CBE (95) English singer and radio personality, born in Cinderford, Gloucestershire, where he attended East Dean Grammar School. After his parents divorced in 1939, he left for South Wales to work as an electrician and later joined the RAF staying until 1949, becoming a PT Instructor. While singing and playing piano on the club circuit he landed a record deal in 1949, when he signed to the new Polygon Records. His most popular song was "Too Young" in 1951, a huge sheet music seller at the time. He also recorded two duets with Petula Clark that year, "Mariandl" and "Broken Heart". In 1952, he signed a recording contract with Decca, where he enjoyed Top 10 successes with "Eternally", "Chain Gang" and "More" and two No.1 hits in 1955, with "Unchained Melody" and "The Man from Laramie". After a period with Radio Luxembourg, Jimmy joined the BBC as one >>> READ MORE <<< (Jimmy died peacefully at home with his wife at his bed-side) b. September 21st 1921. 2016: Leonard Cohen (82) Canadian poet, songwriter and performer, born in Westmount, Quebec, an English-speaking area of Montreal, he attended Roslyn Elementary School, Herzliah High School, and Westmount High School, where he was involved with the student council and studied music and poetry. He take up the guitar at age 13, and he was soon playing country music in Montreal’s cafes, eventually forming a group called the Buckskin Boys. In 1951 he enrolled at McGill University, where he became president of the McGill Debating Union and won the Chester MacNaghten Literary Competition for the poems "Sparrows" and "Thoughts of a Landsman". He then started reading his poems aloud at small clubs around the city and published his first poems in March 1954 in the magazine CIV/n. Although he continued to write poems as his career blossomed, it was as a songwriter that he found fame. His song "Suzanne" became a hit for Judy >>> READ MORE <<< (?) b. September 21st 1934. November 8 . 1974: Ivory Joe Hunter (60) African American R&B singer, songwriter and pianist, best known for his hit recording, "Since I Met You, Baby" in 1956. The Baron of the Boogie, is not to be confused with Motown producer-songwriter Joe Hunter. Born in Kirbyville, Texas, he was christened Ivory Joe, Ivory Joe Hunter is not a nickname, but the artist's real birth name. In the early 1940s, he had his own radio show in Beaumont, Texas, on KFDM, where he eventually became program manager, and in 1942 he moved to LA, joining Johnny Moore's Three Blazers. He wrote and recorded his first song, "Blues at Sunrise", with the Three Blazers on his own label, Ivory Records. Other hits include "I Quit My Pretty Mama", "Guess Who", "I Almost Lost My Mind", "Yes, I Want You", "Empty Arms" and "City Lights". Ivory was a prolific songwriter, some estimate he wrote more than 7,000 songs. Elvis Presley was among the many artists to record Ivory's songs, with "My Wish Came True", "Ain't That Loving You, Baby", "I Need You So", "It's Still Here" and "I Will Be True." (Ivory sadly lost his battle with cancer) b. October 10th 1914. 1983: James Booker (43) American jazz pianist, sax player and singer; he was highly skilled in classical music and played Bach and Chopin, among other composers, he mastered and memorized solos by Erroll Garner, and Liberace. His thorough background in piano literature may have enabled his original and virtuosic interpretations of jazz and other American popular music. These performances combined elements of stride, blues, gospel and Latin piano styles. He made his recording debut in 1954 with "Doin' the Hambone" and "Thinkin' 'Bout My Baby." This led to session work with Smiley Lewis, Fats Domino, and Lloyd Price. After attending University in 1960, his "Gonzo" charted on U.S. Billboard chart, and the R&B chart. This was followed by some moderately successful singles. In the 1960s, he turned to drugs, and in 1970 served a brief sentence in Angola Prison for possession. During 1976, he played and toured with the Jerry Garcia Band. James recorded a number of albums while touring Europe in 1977, including New Orleans Piano Wizard: Live!, which was recorded at his performance in the 'Boogie Woogie and Ragtime Piano Contest' in Zurich, Switzerland This album won the Grand Prix du Disque. After which he continued recording and touring and playing major festivals. He performed is final concert at the Maple Leaf Bar in New Orleans in October of 1983 (sadly died of renal failure while seated in a wheelchair, waiting to be seen at the emergency room at New Orleans Charity Hospital) b. December 17th 1939 1992: Larry Levan/Lawrence Philpot (38) American DeeJay who worked the New York City night club Paradise Garage, a prototype of the modern dance club, because it was entirely focused on dancing, and was the first to put the DJ at the center of attention. Larry developed a cult following, who referred to his sets as "Saturday Mass". Influential US DJ François Kevorkian credits him with introducing the dub aesthetic into dance music. Larry experimented with drum machines and synthesizers which helped establish new electronic, post-disco sound and he was inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame in 2004 (after returning home from Japan, Larry voluntarily entered the hospital. He died four days later of heart failure caused by endocarditis) b. July 20th 1954. 1995: Country Dick Montana/Daniel Monte McLain (40) American drummer, born in Carmel, California. In the 1970s, he owned a record store called Monty Rockers and was a member of two San Diego bands, the punk rock pioneers The Penetrators and roots rock band The Crawdaddys. He also put together a band called Country Dick & the Snuggle Bunnies. From 1983 to 1995, he played drums, percussion, guitar and accordion for The Beat Farmers, which he co-founded. As well as performing on the drums, he performed lead vocals on at least one song on every Beat Farmers album, singing humorous songs frequently related to drinking. In 1984, they won the annual San Diego Battle of the Bands. (sadly Dick died of a heart attack while performing The Girl I Almost Married, three songs into the set at the Longhorn Saloon in Whistler, British Columbia) b. May 11th 1955. 1998: Lonnie Pitchford (44) American blues diddley bow player, multi-musician and instrument maker from Lexington, Mississippi; he began making his one-stringed diddley bows as a five-year-old, fashioning them mostly out of parts from old electric guitars. He was also an accomplished six-string guitarist, acoustic and electric, and piano player, as well as playing the double bass and harmonica. Lonnie was "discovered" by ethnomusicologist Worth Long, after he had began to attract crowds playing the music of Robert Johnson, songs like "Come On In My Kitchen" and "Terraplane Blues," on his one-stringed didley bow. His albums include All Around Man in 1994, as well as several compilations, including Mississippi Moan, a 1988 release; Roots of Rhythm and Blues: A Tribute to the Robert Johnson Era, released in 1992 and Deep Blues also in 1992. Lonnie was voted as one of Living Blues magazine's "top 40 under 40" new blues players to watch (sadly died fighting Aids) b. October 8th 1955. 1999: Lester Bowie (58) American jazz trumpet player and composer; member of the AACM, he co-founded the Art Ensemble of Chicago remaining a member for the rest of his life. He was also a member of Jack DeJohnette's New Directions quartet and played and recorded with Fela Kuti. ( liver cancer, the following year he was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame) b. Oct 11th 1941 2003: Guy Speranza (47) American singer; best known as New York-based metal band Riot's original frontman, from 1976-1981. He sung on their first three albums, 1977's Rock City, 1979's Narita and 1981's Fire Down Under, before leaving the band in 1981. After which he returned to Florida and became an exterminator (Pancreatic cancer) b. March 12th 1956 2000: Richard Edwin "Dick" Morrissey (60) British jazz tenor sax, soprano sax, flutist and composer, born in Horley, Surrey. Self-taught, he started playing clarinet in his school band at 16, before joining the Original Climax Jazz Band, after which he joined trumpeter Gus Galbraith's Septet, where alto-sax player Peter King introduced him to Charlie Parker's recordings, he then began specialising on tenor saxophone shortly after. He formed his own quartet in 1960 and cut his debut LP, It's Morrissey, Man!, the following year. He spent much of 1962 in Calcutta, where he joined the Ashley Kozak Quartet. Upon his return to Britain, he formed a new quartet with pianist Harry South, bassist Phil Bates, and drummer Phil Seaman that appeared regularly at Ronnie Scott's famed jazz club and cut the 1965 LP Storm Warning. He also backed visiting American musicians like trombonist J.J. Johnson, and in 1966 cut a live LP with blues great Jimmy Witherspoon. In 1969 he co-founded the progressive rock band 'If', from 1970-1975, they produced 8 studio-recorded albums and did some 17 tours of Europe, the US and Canada. In 1975, Dick toured Germany with Alexis Korner and then to the US to tour and record with the Average White Band, where he met guitarist, Jim Mullen, and together they formed Morrissey-Mullen aka M&M. They playing together for sixteen years, during which they came to be known as "Mr Sax and Captain Axe" because of their hallmark based around calls and responses between guitar and saxophone. He also had a vast and varied session career that extended well beyond jazz to include sessions with Paul McCartney, Stiff Little Fingers, Demis Roussos, Peter Gabriel, The Blow Monkeys, Soft Machine, Orange Juice, Daryl Hall, Brian Auger & Pete York, Gary Numan and Roy Harper, as well as Johnny Dankworth, Roy Budd, Ian Hamer Sextet, Georgie Fame, Geoff Whitehorn, Gino Vannelli, and so many others. He also appeared on the Vangelis-composed soundtrack to Ridley Scott's groundbreaking sci-fi classic Blade Runner (sadly died after many years bravely fighting various forms of cancer) b. May 9th 1940. 2006: Basil Poledouris (61) Greek-American film score composer, Kansas City, Missouri; his score for Conan the Barbarian is considered by many to be one of the finest examples of motion picture scoring ever written. In 1996 he scored the "The Tradition of the Games" for the Atlanta Olympics Opening Ceremony that accompanied the memorable dance tribute to the athletes and goddesses of victory of the ancient Greek Olympics using silhouette imagery. Other notable film scores include The Blue Lagoon in 1980; Conan the Destroyer in 1984; Red Dawn in 1984; RoboCop in 1987; The Hunt for Red October in 1990; Free Willy in 1993 and its first sequel; Starship Troopers in 1997; and For Love of the Game in 1999. (complications from cancer) b. August 21st 1945. 2008: Jerry Fuchs/ Gerhardt Fuchs (34) American indie rock drummer, writer and graphic artist; he attended the University of Georgia, where he studied graphic design and drummed in the local Athens bands The Martians, Vineland, and Koncak before joining the dance-punk group !!!, performing on their album Myth Takes. He also played drums for The Juan Maclean during their live performances, and played live for other DFA Records' outfits including MSTRKRFT, LCD Soundsystem and Holy Ghost!. He then joined Maserati, playing on their albums 'Inventions for the New Season' and 'Passages' and had just completed a U.S. Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver tour this October. Jerry also did graphic design work for the magazine Chunklet and wrote articles as a freelance writer for Entertainment Weekly (He got was caught in a broken elevator in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City, when he attempted to jump out of the car, he accidentally fell 5 stories down the elevator shaft to his death) b. 1974 2011: Heavy D/ Dwight Arrington Myers (44) Jamaican-born American rapper, record producer and singer who moved with his family to New York City when he was a young child. He was the former leader of Heavy D & the Boyz, the influencial hip hop group which included G-Whiz, "Trouble" T. Roy, and Eddie F. His debut, Living Large, was released in 1987, but it was his 2nd album Big Tyme which was his breakthrough that included the hits "We Got Out Own Thang", "Somebody for Me", and "Gyrlz, They Love Me". Tragically Trouble T. Roy died at age 22 in a fall on July 15, 1990, his passing led to a tribute on the follow-up platinum album, Peaceful Journey, called "They Reminisce Over You (T.R.O.Y.)" which is regarded as a hip-hop classic. >>> READ MORE <<< (he tragically died suddenly and unexpectedly due to "respiratory issues") b. May 24th 1967. 2011: Jimmy Norman (74) American rhythm and blues and jazz singer, songwriter; in his early career, he had a charting solo single "I Don't Love You No More (I Don't Care About You)", as well as performing session work with Jimi Hendrix. He was a noted lyricist and songwriter. He wrote the expanded lyrics of the song "Time Is on My Side", which became a hit for The Rolling Stones among others. After producing a single for The Coasters in 1969 for Lloyd Price's Turntable Records, Jimmy replaced Vernon Harrell as the regular substitute, then permanently, for Billy Guy in the group in the 70s. During his 30 years with the Coasters, he also teamed up with Eddie Palmieri as lead vocalist in the group Harlem River Drive, which released a self-titled album in 1971. Later in life he suffered multiple heart attacks and respiratory disease which restricted him. In July 2002, Jimmy's rare tape of his jam session with Marley reached considerably above its estimated value when auctioned at $26,290. Jimmy's last public appearance was for the Jazz Foundation’s Loft Party in New York City on Oct 29th 2011 where he performed two songs, “Collector of Keys,” and “Time is On My Side” (?) b. August 12th 1937. 2012: Ian Pearce (90) Australian legendary jazz pianist also known for his trombone and trumpet skills, and a founding father of Tasmania's jazz scene. He started his career in 1936 when he formed the state's first jazz band, the Barrelhouse Four, with his brother Cedric and friends Tom Pickering and Rex Green. After a stint in the army, he studied at the Melbourne Conservatorium before moving to England, where he helped lead the global trad jazz revival of the 1950s. After returning to Tasmania he led or co-led bands including the Ian Pearce Sextet, the Pearce-Pickering Jazz Band and the Pearce-Pickering Ragtime Five, and his contributions to Australian jazz were officially recognised in 1995 when he was made a Member of the Order of Australia. Ian was also a life member of the Hobart Jazz Club (sadly Ian died while fighting cancer)*November 22nd 1921. 2013: Chiyoko Shimakura (75) Japanese enka singer and actress, born in Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo. In 1954 she won the 1st prize of the Columbia Music Entertainment singers competition. In 1955, she made her recording début with the single "Konoyo no Hana" and appeared in Kohaku Uta Gassen, starring 35 times. She performed again in the Kohaku in 2004 (sadly Chiyoko died fighting liver cancer) b. March 30th 1938 2015: Andrei Eshpai (90) Russian classical pianist and composer, born at Kozmodemyansk, Mari El and the son of the composer Yakov Andreyevich Eshpai. A Red Army World War II veteran, Andrei studied piano and composition at Moscow Conservatory from 1948 to 1953. He performed his postgraduate study under Aram Khachaturian from 1953 to 1956. He wrote many orchestral symphonies, concertos for different instruments, stage operettas and ballets. Andrei was also the father of filmmaker Andrei Andreyevich Eshpai (sadly died from a stroke) b. May 15th 1925. 2015: Bogdan Enache (?) Romanian drummer and founder member of the metalcore band, Goodbye to Gravity formed in 2010. In 2012 the band released their self-titled debut album and steadily built their reputation in Romania. As a result of the success of Goodbye to Gravity, the band were signed to Universal Music's Romanian branch, and played at festivals in countries such as Germany, Portugal and Italy (tragically died from burns after the Colectiv nightclub fire) b.???? November 9. 1951: Sigmund Romberg (64)Hungarian operetta composer; his adaptation of melodies by Franz Schubert for Blossom Time in 1921 was a great success. He subsequently wrote his best-known operettas, The Student Prince-1924, The Desert Song-1926 and The New Moon-1928, which are in a style similar to the Viennese operettas of Franz Lehár. He also wrote Rosalie-1928 together with George Gershwin. His later works, such as Up in Central Park (1945), are closer to the American musical in style, but they were less successful. Romberg also wrote a number of film scores and adapted his own work for film. Columbia Records asked him to conduct orchestral arrangements of his music, which he had played in concerts, for a series of recordings from 1945 to 1950 that were issued both on 78-rpm and 33-1/3 rpm discs. These performances are now prized by record collectors (?) b. July 29th 1887. 1968: Jan Johansson (37) Swedish jazz pianist; sadly he is little known outside Scandinavia, and his records are not widely available, though Jazz på svenska/Jazz in Swedish has sold more than a 1/4 of a million copies, and is the best selling jazz release ever in Sweden(died in a car crash on his way to a concert) b. September 16th 1931. 1991: Yves Montand/Ivo Livi (69) Italian-born singer, actor; in Monsummano Terme, Italy, but grew up in Marseille, France. He began a career in show business as a music-hall singer. In 1944 he was discovered by Édith Piaf in Paris and she made him part of her act, becoming his mentor and lover. His recognizably crooner songs, especially those about Paris, became instant classics. During his career, Montand acted in many American motion pictures as well as on Broadway. He was nominated for a Cesar Award for "Best Actor" in 1980 for "I comme Icare" and again in 1984 for "Garçon!" (died from a heart attack) b. October 13th 1921. 1999: Herb Abramson (82) US record producer in Brooklyn, New York City; he produced such performers as Billy Eckstineat, Joe Turner and The Ravens at National Records and founded his first record company Jubilee Records in 1946 with Jerry Blaine producing jazz, R&B and Gospel recordings, he went on to co-found Atlantic records. After leaving Atlantic, he set up his own recording studio A-1 Sound Studios, Hank Crawford, James Moody, Richie Cordell, Johnny Nash and Lloyd Price were among the artists who recorded there. In 1998 Herb received the Pioneer Award from the Rhythm & Blues Foundation (?) b. November 16th 1916. 2003: Davy Chesterfield/David Goldsworthy (40) English singer, guitarist and founder member of the indie pop band The Chesterf!elds formed in 1984, Yeovil, Somerset. Signed to the label Subway Organization, they released an EP ''A Guitar In Your Bath'' and single ''Completely & Utterly'' before releasing an album ''Kettle'' in 1987. They moved to their own Household label, issuing 2 more singles and a third album, Crocodile Tears. The Chesterf!elds final single, "Fool Is The Man" was released in 1989, after which the band split. They did reformed in the 1990's to tour Japan after their material was re-issued there (tragically killed by a hit & run driver in Oxford, UK) b. 1963 2010: Jessica Sanso (95) American opera singer (?) b. September 24th 1915. 2011: Renée Franke (83) German pop singer, born in Hamburg, as a pop singer she had several hits including "C'est si bon" in the 50s. In 1954, she also appeared the film "The Lady of the office". From 1966 to 1993 Renée worked as a radio presenter at the Bayerische Rundfunk-NDR. (sadly died in Munich) b. May 4th 1928. 2012: Major Harris III (65) American R&B singer born in Richmond, Virginia. He first sang with groups such as The Charmers, The Teenagers, The Jarmels, and Nat Turner's Rebellion and he recorded a few solo 7" records. In the early 1970s, he took over from Randy Cain as a member of The Delfonics; he quit the group to go solo in 1974. He scored a string of R&B hits in the US, including the Top Ten single "Love Won't Let Me Wait", which peaked at No.5 in the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and No.37 in the UK Top 50. and earned Major a gold disc by the R.I.A.A. on 25 June 1975. Later he returned to the Delfonics, and continued to tour with one of two touring ensembles that used the name in the 90s and 2000s. (sadly died of heart and lung failure)*February 9th 1947 2013: Bob Gillett (88) American-born New Zealand jazz performer, bandleader, arranger and record producer. He arrived in Auckland in 1962, having led an 18-piece army band in Europe during the war and a member of the Stan Kenton Orchestra for two years. He made an immediate impression on the local music scene, influencing such people as Bernie Allen, Claude Papesch, Alan Broadbent, and Mike Nock. Bob formed his own radio band, he was also a musical director for some of the TV pop shows and produced Ray Columbus and others in the recording studio.In 1972 he returned to the States for a holiday but encountered visa problems on trying to return to New Zealand and did not come back for 20 years (?) b. 1925. 2014: Jonathan Athon (32) American bassist born in Savannah, Georgia. He was a founding member of the sludge metal/swamp metal/stoner metal band, Black Tusk, which he formed in 2005. They released 4 albums including, Taste the Sin, in 2010. (Jonathan tragically died from injuries sustained in a motorcycle accident when he tried avoid a car that had run a stop sign. He was placed in a medically-induced coma and, per his wishes, was pulled from life support after it was determined that he had irreparable brain damage) b. 1982 2015: Andy White (85) Scottish drummer born in Glasgow; at the age of 12, he started playing drums in a pipe band, and became a professional session musician at the age of 17. In the 1950s and early 1960s, he played drums with a number of swing and traditional jazz groups and musicians. In 1958 he formed a big band jazz outfit and took it to the American Northeast where he backed rockers like Chuck Berry, the Platters and Bill Haley & His Comets. He was affectionately christened "the fifth Beatle" as he is best known for replacing Ringo Starr on drums on the Beatles' first single, "Love Me Do" and also played on "P.S. I Love You". He worked with many other groups and musicians including Chuck Berry, Billy Fury, Herman's Hermits, Anthony Newley, Rod Stewart, Tom Jones, Bert Weedon and the BBC Scottish Radio Orchestra in Glasgow to mention a few. In the mid-1960s Andy toured the US with Marlene Dietrich and performed in her cabaret shows, and, from 1965 until he retired in 1975, the British pianist and composer William Blezard. In the late 1980s he moved to United States and lived in Caldwell, New Jersey, where he taught Scottish pipe band drumming. (sadly died from a stroke) b. July 27th 1930. 2016: Alexander "Al" Caiola (96) American guitarist, composer and arranger born in Jersey City, New Jersey. During World War II he played with the United States Marine Corps 5th Marine Division Band that also included Bob Crosby and served in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a stretcher bearer. As a studio musician in the 50s he spanned a variety of music genres including jazz, country, rock, western, and pop. He recorded over fifty albums and worked with some of the biggest names in music during the 20th century, including Elvis Presley, Ferrante & Teicher, Frank Sinatra, Percy Faith, Buddy Holly, Mitch Miller, and Tony Bennett. In the 60s he became a recording star for over ten years. He had hits including "The Magnificent Seven", "Bonanza" and "From Russia with Love". United Artists used him to make commercial recordings of many movie and TV themes: "Wagon Train (Wagons Ho)", "The Ballad of Paladin", "The Rebel", and "Gunslinger". His album Solid Gold Guitar contained arrangements of "Jezebel", "Two Guitars", "Big Guitar", "I Walk the Line", and "Guitar Boogie". In 1976, he accompanied Sergio Franchi, Dana Valery, and Wayne J. Kirby on a concert tour to Johannesburg, South Africa. (?) b. September 7th 1920. November 10. 1973: David "Stringbean" Akeman (57)American banjo player and comedy musician best known for his role on the hit television show, Hee Haw. He is one of the most celebrated performers of "old-time" banjo playing, also called "clawhammer" or "frailing", and he is listed along with Uncle Dave Macon, Grandpa Jones, and Ralph Stanley, as among the great old-time style banjo players (the Akemans returned home after performing at the Grand Ole Opry, and were shot dead upon their arrival. Thieves had lain in wait for hours. Their bodies were discovered the following morning by neighbour and fellow performer, Grandpa Jones aka Louis Marshall Jones) b. June 17th 1916. 1994: Carmen Mercedes McRae (74) American jazz singer, pianist; worked with Count Basie, Mercer Ellington, also a solo artist and was considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century. Drawing inspiration from Billie Holiday, she established her own distinctive voice, she recorded over 60 albums during her career (sadly emphysema took her breath away) b. April 8th 1920. 1997: Tommy Tedesco (67) American master session musician and renowned jazz and bebop guitarist; described as the most recorded guitarist in history, having played on thousands of recordings, including the Beach Boys, Everly Brothers, The Association, Barbra Streisand, Elvis Presley, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Zappa, Sam Cooke, Cher, and Nancy and Frank Sinatra. TV themes include Bonanza, The Twilight Zone, Green Acres, M*A*S*H, Batman, and Elvis Presley's '68 Comeback Special. Film soundtracks include The French Connection, The Godfather, Jaws, The Deer Hunter, Field of Dreams, plus several Elvis Presley films. He was also the guitarist for the Original Roxy cast of The Rocky Horror Show. He was one of the very few sidemen credited for work on animated cartoons for the The Ant and the Aardvark cartoons (Heart disease) b. July 3rd 1930. 2002: Johnny Griffith (67) American keyboardist, member of the Motown Funk Brother house band; he played the Steinway grand piano, the Hammond B-3 organ, the Wurlitzer electric piano, the Fender Rhodes, and the celeste and harpsichord. Among the many Motown recordings he played on are "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" by Marvin Gaye, "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)" by Four Tops, and "Stop! In the Name of Love" by The Supremes (?) b. July 10th 1936. 2004: Katy de la Cruz (97) Leading Filipino singer born in Intramuros, Manila, she specialized in jazz vocals and torch songs in a performing career that lasted 8 decades. Hailed as "The Queen of Filipino Jazz" and as "The Queen of Bodabil", she was, by the age of 18, the highest paid entertainer in the Philippines. She also appeared in films and received a FAMAS Best Supporting Actress Award in 1953., ill health caused her to retire from public life in the 1990s (?) b. February 13th 1907. 2006: Gerald LeVert (40) American R&B soul baritone singer; He was the most sensual, powerful baritone R&B singer of his generation. He sang with his brother, Sean Levert, and friend Marc Gordon in the R&B trio LeVert. He was also a part of LSG, an R&B musical group as well as recording solo (died at home in his sleep of a sudden, unexpected heart attack) b. July 13th 1966. 2008: Miriam Makeba (76) South African singer and civil rights activist often referred to as Mama Afrika. When in London she met Harry Belafonte, who assisted her in gaining entry to and fame in the United States. She released many of her most famous hits there including "Pata Pata", "The Click Song" ("Qongqothwane" in Xhosa), and "Malaika". In 1966, she received the Grammy Award for Best Folk Recording together with Harry Belafonte for An Evening With Belafonte/Makeba. The album dealt with the political plight of black South Africans under apartheid. (heart attack) b. March 4th 1932. 2008: Wannes Van de Velde (71) Flemish singer, musician, poet and artist (?) b. April 29th 1937. 2010: Tony West (72) British bassist and founder member of the Liverpool rock and roll band The Searchers. The band was formed in 1957, it grew out of an earlier skiffle group formed by Tony, John McNally, and guitarist Brian Dolan. Tony left the band in 1960. In 1976 Tony established the highly successful Tony West Entertainment Agency in Liverpool arranging venues and supplying acts throughout Britain until his death (died peacefully in his sleep during the night at his Hightown home) b. 1931 2010: Lee Harper (65) American jazz trumpeter, born in Camp Le Jeune; he left this day job in late '71, to play professionally, most of 1972 he played in Seattle before moving to Europe late that year. His first locations were Paris, Salzburg and Munich, where he played with Günter Lenz, Al Porcino, Bobby Jones, Catharina Valente, Benny Bailey, Mal Waldron, Sal Nistico, Joe Haider, Boško Petrovic, Art Farmer, Charly Antolini, Bob Wilber, Billy Brooks, Allan Praskin, etc. In the Munich years he also appeared in several jazz recordings. In late 1979 Lee met Erich Kleinschuster and moved to Vienna to work in Erich's quintett and the Austrian Radio (ORF) Big-Band. In the Vienna years he worked with many great musicians, including Thad Jones, Leo Wright, Hans Koller, Fritz Pauer, Ernie Wilkins, Art Farmer, Paul Kuhn, Karl Ratzer, and Aladar Pege. In late 1985 Lee moved to Salzburg, where he lived till his death. He further played with Rudi Wilfer, Barbara Dennerlein, Charlie Mariano, Jarek Smietana, Renato Chicco, Carl Drevo, Frankfurt Jazz Connection, Robert Bonisolo, Connexion Latina, Heinz von Hermann, Alex Meik, Russ Spiegel, Karen Edwards, Franz Trattner, Wolfgang Pointner, Buddy Cattlet, Hadley Caliman, Al Cohn, Bill Elgart, Wayne Darling and Lee Harper's Little Big Band (sadly died of a heart attack) b. February 27th 1945. 2012: Geneviere "Bong" Pascasio (?) Filipino rock singer-songwriter, tatoo artist and member of the novelty rock band Grin Department. The band came to fame in the 1990s and released 4 albums. Among their hit songs were “Barkada” and “Miss U” (sadly died fighting colon cancer) b.???? 2015: Allen Toussaint (77) American songwriter, pianist, producer, arranger, and record producer, who was an influential figure in New Orleans R&B from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as "one of popular music’s great backroom figures". Born in New Orleans and grew up in a shotgun house in the Gert Town neighborhood. In his teens he played in a band, the Flamingos, with the guitarist Snooks Eaglin. His first recording was in 1957 as a stand-in for Fats Domino on Domino's record "I Want You to Know", on which Allen played piano and Domino overdubbed his vocals. His first success as a producer also came in 1957 with Lee Allen's "Walking with Mr. Lee". He began performing regularly in Bartholomew's band, and he recorded with Fats Domino, Smiley Lewis, Lee Allen and other leading New Orleans performers. Many musicians recorded his compositions, including "Java", "Mother-in-Law", "I Like It Like That", "Fortune Teller", "Ride Your Pony", "Get Out of My Life, Woman", "Working in the Coal Mine", "Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky", "Here Come the Girls", "Yes We Can Can", "Play Something Sweet", and "Southern Nights". He was a producer for hundreds of recordings, among the best known of which are "Right Place, Wrong Time", by his longtime friend Dr. John, and "Lady Marmalade", by Labelle. (sadly Allen died from a heart attack) b. January 14th 1938. 2015: Robert Craft (92) American conductor and writer born in Kingston, New York and studied at the Juilliard School. He is best known for his working friendship with Igor Stravinsky, of which Robert drew in producing many recordings and books. They met in 1948, and from then until the composer's death in 1971, Robert continued to work alongside Stravinsky. As an award-winning conductor Robert led most of the major orchestras in the United States: New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, Los Angeles Philharmonic, St. Louis Symphony, and Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, as well as international engagements in Canada, Europe, Russia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. He was the first American to conduct Alban Berg's Wozzeck and Lulu, and Hindemith's Cardillac. Robert also led the world premieres of Stravinsky's later, dodecaphonic works: Vom Himmel hoch, Agon, The Flood, Abraham and Isaac, Variations, Introitus, and Requiem Canticles. (?) b. October 20th 1923. November 11 . 1945: Jerome David Kern (60) American composer of musical theatre and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A Fine Romance", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "All the Things You Are", "The Way You Look Tonight", "Long Ago (and Far Away)" and "Who?". He collaborated with many of the leading librettists and lyricists of his era, including George Grossmith Jr., Guy Bolton, P. G. Wodehouse, Otto Harbach, Oscar Hammerstein II, Dorothy Fields, Johnny Mercer, Ira Gershwin and E. Y. Harburg. He was nominated 8 times for Academy Awards, winning 2 for "The Way You Look Tonight" in 1936 and "The Last Time I Saw Paris" in 1941 and Jerome was was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame posthumously, in 1970. (he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage while walking at the south west corner of Park Avenue and 57th street, identifiable only by his ASCAP card, he was initially taken to the indigent ward at City Hospital, later transferred to Doctors Hospital in Manhattan, where he sadly died) b. January 27th 1885. 1968: Jeanne Marie-Madeleine Demessieux (47) French organist, pianist, composer, and pedagogue born in Montpellier, southern France. She entered the Montpellier Conservatory in 1928 and in 1932, she obtained first prizes in solfège and piano. In 1933, Jeanne Demessieux was enrolled as student at the Paris Conservatory; studying piano with Simon Riera and Magda Tagliaferro, harmony with Jean Gallon, counterpoint and fugue with Noël Gallon, and composition with Henri Büsser. She had a prodigious memory, she had memorized more than 2,500 works, including the complete organ works of Johann Sebastian Bach, César Franck, Franz Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn and Marcel Dupré. Jeanne made numerous recordings, including the complete organ works of César Franck, which was awarded the Grand Prix du Disque in 1960 (died due to an embolism) b. February 13th 1921. 1972: Berry Oakley (24) American bassist and one of the founding members of The Allman Brothers Band. He was known for his long, melodic bass runs underneath Duane Allman and Dicky Betts' furious guitar soloing. "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed" and "Whipping Post" from the At Fillmore East live album capture Oakley at his best (died in a motorcycle accident at the same intersection as his friend and former band member Duane Allman, who had died a year earlier) b. April 4th 1948. 1977: Greta Keller (74) Austrian cabaret singer and actress; For over 45 years, her voice a legend-in radio shows, films, revues, concerts and musicals, but above all her records circled the globe. First called 'The Great Lady Of Chanson' in her native Vienna, it followed her to London and America. Her voice featured in the Oscar-winning movie, Cabaret, singing the song, "Heirat", she also appeared on Stage with Marlene Dietrich in "Broadway", in which she sang and danced. (?) b. February 8th 1903. 1979: Dimitri Zinovievich Tiomkin (85) Ukrainian film score composer and conductor, he became a U.S. citizen in 1937. He scored American movies like Frank Capra's Lost Horizon- 1937; It's a Wonderful Life- 1946; and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington- 1939. He also worked on Cyrano de Bergerac-1950; Fred Zinnemann's High Noon-1952, for which he received a Best Song Oscar for “Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin'”/“The Ballad of High Noon”; Giant-1956; Friendly Persuasion-1956; Gunfight at the O.K. Corral -1957; Rio Bravo-1959; and The Alamo-1960. He also composed the music for Land of the Pharaohs - 1955; The Guns of Navarone -1961; Town Without Pity-1961; 55 Days at Peking-1963), The Fall of the Roman Empire-1964; and The War Wagon -1967, to mention a few. Dimitri also scored four films for Alfred Hitchcock: Shadow of a Doubt-1943, Strangers on a Train-1951, I Confess-1953, and Dial M for Murder-1954 (sadly died while in London, UK) b. May 10th 1894. 1983: Arno Harutyuni Babajanian (62) Soviet Armenian composer and pianist, People's Artist of the Armenian SSR -1956 and Soviet Union -1971. Born in Yerevan, Armenia, he went on to be a laureate of two Stalin State Prizes of the USSR 1951 and 1953 and honoured with two Armenian SSR State Prizes in 1967 and 1983. Much of his music is rooted in Armenian folk music and folklore. But generally, the way in which he uses Armenian folk music is in the virtuosic style of Rachmaninov and Khachaturian. His later works were influenced by Prokofiev and Bartók. He is also a noted pianist and often performed his own works in concerts. (?) b. January 22nd 1921. 1988: William Ifor Jones (88) Welsh conductor and organist raised in Merthyr Tydfil, he studied at the Royal Academy of Music in London from 1920 to 1925. He was for a time organist at the Welsh Baptist Church in Castle Street, London, worked at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, and assisted with the British National Opera Company in the role of prompter. He emigrated to America in early 1930, where he taught at the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore, MD, and at Rutgers University - Douglas College in New Brunswick, NJ. While at Rutgers, he formed a glee club and also performed the complete Organ Works of Johann Sebastian Bach. In 1939, he made his debut as the third Conductor of The Bach Choir of Bethlehem with who he stayed until he retired in 1969, he also conducted The Choir and members of The Philadelphia Orchestra 1948-56. (?) b. January 23rd 1900. 1993: Erskine Hawkins (79) American trumpet player and big band leader; dubbed "The 20th Century Gabriel". He is most remembered as the composer of the jazz standard, "Tuxedo Junction" -1939, which became a popular hit during World War II. Vocalists who were featured with his orchestra include Ida James, Delores Brown and Della Reese. In 1978 he became one of the first five artists inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame and 1989, he was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame. From 1967 to 1989 he was trumpeter and band leader at the show nightclub in The Concord Resort Hotel, Kiamesha Lake, New York (?)b. July 26th 1914. 1998: Patrick Clancy (76) Irish folk singer best known as a member of the group The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem. After WW2 he went travelling to South America and ended up in New York. In 1955 Pat's younger brother Liam Clancy immigrated to New York, and met up with Tommy Makem, also from Ireland, they all teamed up and formed The Clancy Brothers and Tommy Makem. The group achieved phenomenal success in America after an appearance on "The Ed Sullivan Show" which led to a contract with Columbia Records. They performed together for about eight years until Makem left the group to pursue a solo career. Patrick returned to Ireland to live in Carrick-on-Suir and bought a dairy farm. (died after a battle with cancer) b. March 7th 1922. 2004: Pete Jolly/Peter Ceragioli Jr (72) American jazz keyboardist, accordionist, pianist; best known for his performance of various TV themes, his music can be heard on television programs such as Get Smart, The Love Boat, I Spy, Mannix, M*A*S*H, and Dallas, as well as hundreds of movie soundtracks. With the Pete Jolly Trio, and also as a solo artist, he recorded several albums, the last in 2000, a collaboration with Jan Lundgren. He also worked with other notable jazz artists, including Art Pepper, Buddy DeFranco, and Red Norvo, and for many years with EZ music arranger and director Ray Conniff. (complications of bone marrow cancer) b. June 5th 1932. 2007: John Petersen (65) American drummer with The Beau Brummels appearing on their hits including "Laugh, Laugh" and "Just a Little", and appeared with the band in the 1965 sci-fi/comedy movie Village of the Giants. In late '66, he left the Beau Brummels for the band Tikis, who were in the process of changing their name to Harpers Bizarre. The group broke up in 1970, but John returned for a reunion album in 1976 and for occasional reunions with the Beau Brummels. In 1975, he played with and recorded on the band's self-titled album. He went on to become a successful producer (sadly died of a heart attack) b. January 8th 1942. (some sources give John's birthdate as 1945 .. which would make him 62 at the time oof his death) 2009: Tom Merriman (??) American music composer and jingle writer based in Dallas, Texas, who in 1955 created the first production company specializing in radio station advertising campaigns and jingles. Merriman led the Liberty Network Band, and arranged and/or produced music for Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and Cab Calloway. In addition, Merriman created many national advertising jingles, corporate musical shows, Las Vegas shows, and theme park ride music. The companies that since 1967 have born his initials have had several incarnations; the latest is TM Studios (Sadly died after several months of declining health) b. ???? 2010: Tony Edwards (78) British band manager of the British rock band, Deep Purple. He looked after the band from 1967-76 until they split. He was also instrumental in their early success and came up with the name of the band who were originally called Roundabout. Quote:"Without Tony Edwards there would be no Deep Purple" - Ritchie Blackmore (?) b. 1932. 2011: Michael Garrick (78) English jazz pianist and composer born in Enfield, Middlesex, he formed his first quartet, featuring vibraphonist Peter Shade while at University College, London, from which he graduated in 1959 with a B.A. in English literature. After which he became the musical director of the roadshow "Poetry & Jazz in Concert". He came to special prominence in the British contemporary jazz world initially as the pianist with the Don Rendell–Ian Carr quintet from 1965 to 1969, and led his own sextet from 1966. He is perhaps best known for his jazz-choral works, the first of which he started in 1967 Jazz Praises. Aside from his performing, recording, and composing, he was heavily involved in jazz education, and held teaching posts at the Royal Academy of Music and at Trinity College of Music, London. His own record label Jazz Academy Records features many albums by his Michael Garrick Jazz Orchestra and has trio, solo, quartet and other small groupings, some including singers Norma Winstone, Anita Wardell and Jacqui Dankworth. Michael was appointed MBE in the 2010 Birthday Honours (sadly died after suffering heart problems for some years) b. May 30th 1933 2012: John Napier (?) American singer with Ethyl Meatplow, an American alternative/industrial music band best known for their album, Happy Days, Sweetheart, released in 1993 by Dali Records. The album's songs "Devil's Johnson," "Queenie" and "Ripened Peach" were made into music videos. After Ethyl Meatplow, John started the label Basura! and headed another band, Buccinator. He was also in the band E. Coli which released an album, To Drool and a touring member of Nitzer Ebb for several of their U.S. and European tours for their "Big Hit" album. He eventually took a break from music; went back to school and received his Bachelors and Masters degrees in Social Work from Humboldt State University (sadly his death was drug related) b. ???? 2013: Bob Beckham (86) American country singer born in Stratford, Oklahoma. He scored two hit singles in the U.S., "Just as Much as Ever" which peaked at No.32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959 and "Crazy Arms" peaking at No. 36 in 1960. Bob also composed Vic Dana's 1963 chart entry "Danger". He later became the owner of Combine Records and helped to shape the careers of Dolly Parton, Kris Kristofferson, Ray Stevens Larry Gatlin and Jerry Reed, among many others (?) b. July 8th 1927 2013: Arash Farazmand (28) Iranian rock drummer and a founding member of the Iranian rock band, The Yellow Dogs. Hailing from Tehran, they formed Yellow Dogs in 2006 and sang in English and played Western instruments. They played their first aboveground / legal concert at the Peyote club in Istanbul in January 2010. Two days later, they flew to New York City to perform their second aboveground concert at the Cameo Gallery, in Brooklyn, New York. They later played Santos Party House and the Delancey in New York and they played the Wave in Austin, Texas as part of the SXSW festival. They performed in Bahman Ghobadi's Cannes Un Certain Regard award-winning film, No One Knows About Persian Cats (tragically he was shot dead in Brooklyn, New York, along with an associate Ali Eskandarian and his brother and fellow bandmate guitarist Soroush Farazmand, by a 29-year-old disgruntled musician, Ali Akbar Mohammed Rafie) b. 1985. 2013: Soroush Farazmand (27) Iranian rock guitarist and a founding member of the Iranian rock band, The Yellow Dogs. Hailing from Tehran, they formed Yellow Dogs in 2006 and sang in English and played Western instruments. They played their first aboveground / legal concert at the Peyote club in Istanbul in January 2010. Two days later, they flew to New York City to perform their second aboveground concert at the Cameo Gallery, in Brooklyn, New York. They later played Santos Party House and the Delancey in New York and they played the Wave in Austin, Texas as part of the SXSW festival. They performed in Bahman Ghobadi's Cannes Un Certain Regard award-winning film, No One Knows About Persian Cats (tragically he was shot dead in Brooklyn, New York, along with an associate Ali Eskandarian and his brother and fellow bandmate drummer Arash Farazmand, by a 29-year-old disgruntled musician, Ali Akbar Mohammed Rafie) b. 1986. 2014: James "Jim" Erb (88) American composer, arranger, musicologist, and conductor; born in Richmond, VA; in 1954 he taught music and conducted the choirs and glee clubs at University of Richmond. He conducted the Richmond Symphony chorus for 35 years, retiring in 2007. He is best known for his arrangements of the Folk song "Shenandoah", and among musicologists of the Renaissance for his work on the magnificats of Orlando Di Lasso. Jim also conducted the group Chorus of Alumni and Friends of the University of Richmond (?) b. January 25th 1926 2014: Carlos Emilio Morales (75) Cuban jazz guitarist; learned to play guitar at the age of 12 He started his professional career in 1959 with the Teatro Musical de La Habana orchestra, where classical guitarist Leo Brouwer was composer. In 1967, Carlos became a founding member of the Orquesta Cubana de Música Moderna, an 18-piece big band conceived and directed by Armando de Sequeira Romeu, which featured players such as Chucho Valdés, Paquito D'Rivera, Arturo Sandoval and Carlos Averhoff, among others, who together with Carlos founded the Irakere group in 1973. He toured and recorded extensively with Irakere as well as his projects, including master teaching classes at Escuela de Superación Profesional (?) b. November 6th 1939. 2014: Big Bank Hank/Imp the Dimp/Henry Lee Jackson (57) American old school rapper, born in the Bronx, New York City. He graduated from Bronx Community College with an A.S. degree in oceanography. Whilst working the door's of a Bronx nightclub, 'The Sparkle', he became the music manager, of Grandmaster Caz and his group The Mighty Force MC's and local hip hop group, the Cold Crush Brothers. Hank was discovered by producer and co-founded of Sugar Hill Records Sylvia Robinson, when she heard him rapping some the Cold Crush rhymes. She asked him to join a group she was forming, The Sugarhill Gang, who became known mostly for their 1979 hit "Rapper's Delight," the first rap single to become a Top 40 hit. It reached No.36 on the Billboard Hot 100 but peaked at No. 3 in the UK, and No.1 in Canada and Holland. They had more European hits, such as "Apache", "Eighth Wonder", "Rapper's Reprise (Jam Jam)", and "Showdown". In 1999, the trio recorded Jump on It! a hip hop children's album (sadly Henry while died fighting cancer, which had spread to his kidneys) b. January 11th 1956. 2015: Alexandru Pascu (33) Romanian bassist and founder member of the metalcore band, Goodbye to Gravity formed in 2010. In 2012 they released their self-titled debut album and steadily built a fan-base in Romania. As a result of the success of their album, they were signed to Universal Music's Romanian branch, and played at festivals in countries such as Germany, Portugal and Italy (tragically died from burns after the Colectiv nightclub fire) b.1982 2015: Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor (61) English drummer born in in Hasland, Chesterfield, but grew up in Leeds. He took up drums at Leeds College of Music and replaced Motörhead's first drummer, Lucas Fox, during the recording of the band's first album On Parole in 1975. He was with Motörhead from 1975–1984 and 1987–1992 recording eleven studio albums and four live albums, including 'No Sleep 'til Hammersmith' and 'Nö Sleep at All'. In 1985, he made appearances with Waysted, and joined another ex-Motörhead man, Brian Robertson, from Thin Lizzy, to form the band Operator and in 1986, he was part of Frankie Miller's touring band, after which he re-joined Motörhead. From 2005 to 2008 Phil played and recorded in a group called The Web of Spider and from 2007 on he worked on a project called Capricorn, and the bands The Deviants and Overkill. Phil reunited with Lemmy and Clarke in November 2014 at the National Indoor Arena in Birmingham, England on stage for Motörhead's classic "Ace of Spades" (sadly Phil died from liver failure) b. September 21st 1954. 2016: A. Nayyar (66) Pakistani playback singer, born in Ransonabad, a small village in the Sahiwal District to a Christian family. He spent his childhood in Arifwala and later moved to Lahore. His first appearance on TV was on the show Naye Fankar in 1974 after which he began his playback journey. His first film song "Yunhin din cut jayen, yuhin shaam dhal jaye" was a duet with Rubina Badar, composed by A. Hameed, had an instant hit from the Urdu feature film Bahisht. Other of his hit songs include ‘Pyar to ik din hona tha’, a duet with Naheed Akhtar from the film Kharidar; ‘Sathi mujhay mil gaya’, a song from Jasoos; ‘Milay do sathi khili do kaliyan’ from Amber; and ‘Ik baat kahoon dildara’ from Khuda Aur Mohabbat. He won five Nigar Awards for his playback singing and also ran a music academy in Lahore. (sadly died from cardiac arrest after a prolonged illness) b. September 17th 1950. 2016: Lily/Saeko Kamata (64) Japanese singer-songwriter and actress; she released her debut album 'Tamanegi' in 1972 this was followed by a further 13 albums the last being her 1995 album 'Lily in PAB'. From the late 90s Lily cocerntrated on her acting and appeared in fourteen films including the 2005 Japanese romantic drama film "Shinobi: Heart Under Blade" (sadly Lily died fighting lung cancer) b. February 17th 1952 2016: Victor Bailey (56) American bassist, born in Philadelphia into a highly musical family. As a child, he played the drums, but switched to bass guitar after the bassist in his neighborhood band walked out of a band practice. Taking an immediate liking to the instrument, and at the age of 18, he attended the Berklee College of Music in Boston after being disqualified from naval service due to asthma. Victor went on to recorded and/or toured with Omar Hakim, Sonny Rollins, Pharoah Sanders, Miriam Makeba, Larry Coryell, Lenny White, Mike Stern, Dennis Chambers, Poogie Bell, Weather Report, Michael Brecker, LL Cool J, Kenny Garrett, Jim Beard, David Gilmore, Lady Gaga, Madonna, Mary J. Blige, Steps Ahead, Sting, Hamiet Bluiett, Olu Dara, Don Alias, Sadao Watanabe, Michal Urbaniak, Urszula Dudziak, Roy Haynes, Tom Browne, Bobby Broom, Jeff Lorber, Bernard Wright, Don Blackman, René McLean, Kevin Eubanks, Najee, Bennie Maupin, Patrice Rushen, and David Fiuczynski( tragically Victor died with complications from Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) b. March 27th 1960. November 12 . 1972: Rudolf Friml (93) Czech composer of operettas, musicals, songs and piano pieces, as well as being a pianist. After musical training and a brief performing career in his native Prague, he moved to the United States, where he became a composer. His best-known works are Rose-Marie and The Vagabond King, each of which enjoyed success on Broadway and in London and were adapted for film. His last stage musical was Music Hath Charms in 1934. In 1967, Rudolf performed in a special concert at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco, he began with a piano improvisation, then played special arrangements of his own compositions as well as composers who had influenced him (?) b. December 7th 1879 1976: Walter Piston (82) American composer of classical music, music theorist and influential professor of music at Harvard University whose many students included Leroy Anderson, Leonard Bernstein, and Elliott Carter. Born in Rockland, Maine his works included orchestral, band, concertante, piano, organ, chamber/instrumental, and choral, Hiss only ballet work, The Incredible Flutist, was written for the Boston Pops Orchestra. (?) b. January 20th 1894 1983: Preston Jackson/James Preston McDonald (81) American trombonist; played and-or recorded with Tig Chambers, Al Simone, Eli Rice, and Art Sims, Bernie Young and his Creole Jazz Band, Richard M. Jones, Dave Peyton, Erskine Tate, Benny Waters, Louis Armstrong, Half Pint Jaxon, Carroll Dickerson, Jimmy Bell, Jimmie Noone, Roy Eldridge, Walter Barnes, Johnny Long, Johnny Dodds and Zilner Randolph's W.P.A. Band among others as well as having his own band (?) b. January 3rd 1902. 1985: Dicky Wells (78) American jazz trombonist born in Centerville, Tennessee. He moved to New York City in 1926, and became a member of the Lloyd Scott band. He played with Count Basie between 1938-1945 and 1947-1950 and he also played with Cecil Scott, Spike Hughes, Fletcher Henderson, Benny Carter, Teddy Hill, Jimmy Rushing, Buck Clayton and Ray Charles. In his later years, he suffered a severe beating that affected his memory, happily he recovered and continued to perform. He played frequently at the West End jazz club at 116th and Broadway, most often with a band called The Countsmen, led by alto saxophonist Earle Warren, his colleague from Count Basie days. A trademark was Dicky's "pepper pot" mute which he made himself (?) b. November 12th 1985. 1997: Carlos Surinach (82) Catalan Spanish-born composer and conductor, born in Barcelona, where he conducted the Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona and the Gran Teatre del Liceu. He studied composition at the Barcelona Conservatory, then went to Germany, where he studied in Berlin with Max Trapp and Richard Strauss, taking five of Strauss's seminars. In 1948 his opera ''El mozo que caso con mujer brava'' premiered in Barcelona. In 1951, he emigrated to the America, where he became a successful composer for the dance. He became a U.S. citizen in 1959. He composed three ballet scores for the renowned choreographer Martha Graham: Embattled Garden-1958, Acrobats of God-1960 and The Owl and the Pussycat-1978. He also composed Feast of Ashes for the Joffrey Ballet (?) b. March 4th 1915. 2000: Franck Pourcel (87) French orchestra leader and violinist; he studied violin at the Conservatoire in Marseille, led several jazz ensembles, including the French Fiddlers, and spent a year in Paris at the Conservatoire. By 1931 he was working as a violinist at the Théâtre des Variétés in Marseille, he then became the musical director for Yves Montand and Lucienne Boyer, with whom he went on a world tour. In 1953 he recorded "Blue Tango" and the follow up "Limelight". By 1958 Franck commenced recording classical music. His series of Pages Célèbres led to him conduct the London Symphony Orchestra, The Society of Concerts for the Conservatoirte, The BBC Orchestra, and the Lamoureux Orchestra at the Salle Pleyel in Paris. In 1962 he co-composed with Paul Mauriat and Raymond Lefèvre the hit, "Chariot", which was recorded by Petula Clark and followed up by Peggy March as "I Will Follow Him", which became the main theme for the film, Sister Act. (Parkinson's disease) b. August 11th 1913. 2001: Albert Hague (81) German born songwriter and actor, born in Berlin; he went to America in 1939 on scholarship to the University of Cincinnati. After graduating in 1942, he served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. His Broadway Musicals include Plain and Fancy-1955, Redhead-1959 and The Fig Leaves Are Falling-1969, with lyrics by Allan Sherman. Famous songs he wrote include "Young and Foolish", "Look Who's in Love", and "Did I Ever Really Live?". He was also the composer for the TV musical cartoon, How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Albert also appeared on the TV series Fame, where he played Mr. Shorofsky, the music teacher, a part he originated in the film of the same name (sadly lost his battle with cancer at a hospital in Marina del Rey, California ) b. October 13th 1920. 2003: Tony Thompson (48) International session drummer with Rod Stewart, David Bowey, Diana Ross, Debbie Harry, Sister Sledge, Mick Jagger & manymore. He is best known for his work with Chic. In 2005 Tony and the Chic band members were inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame.(died within a month of being diagnosed with kidney cancer, just 3 days before his 49th birthday) b. November 15th 1954. 2008: Mitch Mitchell (61) English drummer of the legendary Jimi Hendrix Experience, he was the last surviving member of the power trio which proved one of the most influential bands in the history of rock music. As well as playing in the Jimi Hendrix Experience and he played and/or recorded with the likes of Martha Velez, Junior Brown, Greg Parker, Bruce Cameron, Roger Chapman, Billy Cox, Buddy Miles, Jack Bruce among others>>> READ MORE <<< (He had just finished a coast to coast tour across America, and due to fly home to the UK, but was found dead that morning in his hotel bedroom at Portland, Oregon, Officals say he died of natural causes) b. July 9th 1947. 2010: Henryk Górecki (76) Polish composer of contemporary classical music in the village of Czernica; he studied at the State Higher School of Music in Katowice between 1955 and 1960. In 1968, he joined the faculty and rose to provost before resigning in 1979. Henryk became a leading figure of the Polish avant-garde during the post-Stalin cultural thaw. His Webernian-influenced serialist works of the 1950s and 1960s were characterized by adherence to dissonant modernism and drew influence from Luigi Nono, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Krzysztof Penderecki and Kazimierz Serocki. He continued in this direction throughout the 1960s, but by the mid 1970s had changed to a less complex sacred minimalist sound, exemplified by the transitional Symphony No. 2 and the hugely popular Symphony No. 3 (Symphony of Sorrowful Songs). This later style developed through several other distinct phases, from such works as his 1979 Beatus Vir, to the choral 1981 hymn Miserere, the 1993 Kleines Requiem für eine Polka and his requiem Good Night (sadly died after a long illness) b. December 6th 1933. 2011: Doyle Bramhall (62) American drummer and singer-songwriter Doyle Bramhall was born and raised in Dallas, Texas and while still at high school, he and Jimmie Vaughan formed The Chessmen. The highly talented band opened for Jimi Hendrix when he played Dallas. In 1969, he moved to Austin and formed the band Texas Storm, with his friend Jimmie Vaughan and in the 70s, he founded The Nightcrawlers with Marc Benno, >>> READ MORE <<< (Doyle sadly passed away in his sleep of heart failure) b. February 17th 1949. 2012: Bob French (74) American jazz drummer and radio show host at WWOZ, born in New Orleans; he organized an R&B band in high school that included James Booker, Art Neville, Charles Neville (of The Neville Brothers), and Kidd Jordan, and Alvin Batiste. In the 1960s he recorded with Earl King and Fats Domino. He has also played and recorded with Dave Bartholomew. Bob led The Tuxedo Jazz Band from 1977 until his death in 2012. The Tuxedo Jazz Band was formerly led by Oscar "Papa" Celestin and later by Bob's father, Albert "Papa" French from 1958 to 1977 (sadly Bob passed away with dementia and diabetes)b. 1938 2013: Sir John Tavener (69) British composer and spiritual adventurer, born in Wembley, London, he was known for his extensive output of religious works, including The Whale, his dramatic cantata based on the Old Testament story of Jonah in 1968, "The Protecting Veil" and "Song for Athene". He began as a prodigy; in 1968 at the age of 24, he was described by The Guardian as "the musical discovery of the year. His "Song for Athene was performed at the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997 and following Diana's death, he also composed and dedicated to her memory the piece Eternity's Sunrise, based on poetry by William Blake. In '99, he dedicated his book “The Music Of Silence: A Composer’s Testament” to Mother Thekla, who he said “helped me put my music and my life together”. During his career he became one of the best known and popular composers of his generation and was knighted in 2000 for his services to music. He was honoured with the Ivors Classical Music Award at the 50th Ivor Novello Awards in May 2005 (sadly Sir John died from long term effects of Marfan syndrome) b. January 28th 1944. 2014: Buddy Catlett/George James Catlett (81) American jazz multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work as a bassist. He also appeared in feature films including 'Sex and the Single Girl' as Louis Armstrong's bassist in 1964; 'When the Boys Meet the Girls' in 1965 as bassist in the Count Basie Band , and as himself in 'In Between the Raindrops' in 2011. A childhood friend of Quincy Jones, Buddy had played with Jones in bands led by Charlie Taylor and Bumps Blackwell, as well as in a National Guard band. In 1959, he was hired by Cal Tjader. He later joined Jones' band for the "Free and Easy" tour of Europe. He also played and/or recorded with Louis Armstrong, Bill Coleman, Curtis Fuller, Freddie Hubbard, Coleman Hawkins, Count Basie, Junior Mance, Chico Hamilton, Johnny Griffin and Eddie Lockjaw Davis. (?) b. May 13th 1933. 2015: Sister Scully/Andrea Scully Hall (57) Jamaican gospel singer and one of the pioneers of traditional gospel music in Jamacai. She is best known for the very popular Southern gospel cover ‘Hurry Up’. Her other hots include songs such as 'No Other Blood', 'He Rolled The Sea Away' and 'Hard Road To Travel' (sadly died from a massive heart) b. 1958. 2016: Jacques Werup (71) Swedish musician, author, poet, stage artist and screenwriter born in Malmö. His poetry is often associated to jazz. He was a childhood friend of Mikael Wiehe and Göran Skytte and had his first novel "Returbiljett Polen" published in 1971. He has co-written many songs with long-time collaborator and composer Michael Saxell for various projects including a CD 'Gör mig lite levande' and nationwide stage show with Swedish singer Lill Lindfors and En känsla av ljus, which is a concert Jacques and Saxell wrote and performed with Mats Ronander and Benneth Fagerlund. In 1997 he shared the Ferlin Price together with Ola Magnell, and in 2003 was awarded a scholarship by the Swedish Royal Academy. He was also awarded the Literature Promotion of Great Novel Prize in 1980. (sadly died while fighting cancer) b. January 14th 1945. November 13 . 1967: Harriet Cohen CBE (61) British pianist born in London, Harriet studied piano at the Royal Academy of Music under Tobias Matthay, having won the Ada Lewis scholarship at the age of 12. She was particularly associated with J. S. Bach's music: a few composers wrote music specifically for her, particularly her lover, Sir Arnold Bax, who wrote most of his piano pieces for her, including music for David Lean's 1948 film version of Oliver Twist. He also composed Concertino for Left Hand for her after she lost the use of her right hand in 1948. The Harriet Cohen International Music Award was introduced in her honour in 1951 (?) b. December 2nd 1895. 1973: Jerry Lee Lewis Jr (19) American drummer in his father's band (car accident) b.1954 1987: Harold Vick (51) American hard bop and soul jazz saxophonist and flautist born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, probably better known for his work with musicians like Grant Green, Jack McDuff, Jimmy McGriff and Shirley Scott, among a host of others. He also played with Nat Adderley, Aretha Franklin, Dizzy Gillespie, Mercer Ellington, Sarah Vaughan, Billy Taylor, Shirley Scott, Donald Byrd, Jimmy Smith and Jack McDuff. Harold played in films such as Stardust Memories and Cotton Club, in which he played a musician; was in the Spike Lee film School Days; and featured on the soundtrack for She's Gotta Have It. hey (?) b. April 3rd 1936. 1988: Antal Dorati (82)Hungarian conductorborn in Budapest, he studied at the Franz Liszt Academy with Béla Bartók for piano, his links with Bartók continued for many years: he conducted the world premiere of Bartók's Viola Concerto, as completed by Tibor Serly, with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra in 1949, with William Primrose as the soloist. He made his conducting debut in 1924 with the Budapest Royal Opera. As well as composing original works, he compiled and arranged pieces by Johann Strauss II for the ballet Graduation Ball, which he conducted the world premiere in Sydney in 1940, during the 1939-1940 Australian tour by the "Original Ballets Russes", as well as Jacques Offenbach's La belle Hélène and Bluebeard, and Modest Mussorgsky's The Fair at Sorochyntsi. His autobiography, Notes of Seven Decades, was published in 1979. In 1983, Queen Elizabeth II made Antal an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (?) b. April 9th 1906. 1988: Jaromír Vejvoda (86) Czech composer, he learned to play the fiddle and flugelhorn in a band led by his father. Later he played these instruments in a military band and started to compose in the 1920s. He was the author of the "Beer Barrel Polka", and he wrote many other hits, such as Kdyby ty muziky nebyly/"If those bands did not exist" and Já ráda tancuju/"I love to dance"(?) b. March 28th 1902. 1992: Ronnie Bond/Ronald James Bullis (52) British drummer born in Andover, Hampshire, he was a founding member of the rock band, The Troggs, originally called The Troglodytes. They had hits in the UK and the USA. Their songs include, "Wild Thing", "Anyway That You Want Me", "Love Is All Around" and "With a Girl Like You". The Troggs Billboard Hot 100 chart topper "Wild Thing" is ranked #257 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and was an influence on garage rock and punk rock. Many of their hits have also been successful as covers, such as Jimi Hendrix with Wild Thing, Wet Wet Wet and REM with love Is All Around, and Spiritualized with "Anyway That You Want Me". Iggy Pop, The Buzzcocks and The Ramones are amongst punk bands who cited the Troggs as an influence. Ronnie also released a solo single "Anything For You" (?) b. May 4th 1940. 1996: Bill Doggett (80) US pianist born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At 15, he had joined a combo, playing local theaters and clubs while attending high school. In 1947, he joined the Louis Jordan's Tympany Five as pianist pianist, it was here that he first achieved success playing the Hammond organ and in 1950 he is reputed to have written one of Jordan's biggest hits, "Saturday Night Fish Fry", for which Jordan claimed the writing credit. In 1951, Bill organized his own trio, his best known recording is "Honky Tonk," a rhythm and blues hit of 1956 which sold four million copies, and which he co-wrote with Billy Butler. He won the Cash Box award for best rhythm and blues performer in 1957, 1958, and 1959. He also arranged for many bandleaders and performers, including Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, and Lionel Hampton. He continued to play and arrange until his death (died of a heart attack in New York City) b. February 16th 1916. 1999: Donald Mills (84) American lead tenor and member of the jazz and pop vocal quartet The Mills Brothers who made more than 2,000 recordings that combined sold more than 50 million copies, and garnered at least three dozen gold records. Their songs included "Tiger Rag", "Goodbye Blues", their theme song, "You're Nobody's Sweetheart Now", "Ole Rockin' Chair", "Lazy River", "How'm I Doin'", "Lazy Bones", "Sweet Sue", "Lulu's Back in Town", "Bye-Bye Blackbird", "Sleepy Head", "Shoe Shine Boy" and others. In 1934, The Mills Brothers became the first African-Americans to give a command performance before British royalty. They performed at the Regal Theatre for a special audience to King George V, Queen Mary, and their mother. The Mills Brothers were inducted into The Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998 (?) b. April 29th 1915 2002: Sir Roland Hanna (70) American jazz pianist born in Detroit, Michigan ; a style diverse enough to fit into swing, bop, and more adventurous settings. He studied at Eastman School of Music and Juilliard School. He worked with several big names, such as Benny Goodman and Charles Mingus, in the 1950s although only briefly in both cases. From 1967 to 1974 he was a regular member of the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra. During the 1970s he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet. Roland was given an honory knighthood by the President of Liberia in 1970 in recognition for a series of concerts held to benefit Liberian children, thus the "Sir" (Roland sadly died from a heart attack) b. February 10th 1932. 2002: Michael "Mike" Stewart (56) American singer, guitarist, banjo player and founder of the folk rock musical group, We Five. After graduating from Pomona Catholic High School, he attended Mt. San Antonio College. When Michael was a student at the University of San Francisco in 1964, he formed We Five as a quartet, although it soon added another member. The group played adult rock 'n roll, pop jazz, Broadway show tunes, and Disney tunes. Stewart did all the arrangements, which ranged from "My Favorite Things", in a style which reflected Bach, to "Very Merrily Un-birthday". We Five split up in 1977, after which Mike became a record producer, most notably for Billy Joel, and a pioneering developer of MIDI music software, although he did appear in occasional reunions with We Five from 1978 to 1989. (Mike sadly died as a result of "a long illness". Stewart's son, musician Jamie Stewart, has alleged several times that his father in fact committed suicide) b. April 19th 1945. 2004: John Balance (42) English multi-musician and artist born in Mansfield; he was the founder and half of the experimental music group Coil. He was responsible for vocals, lyrics, chants, synthetics and various esoteric sound-making instruments and devices. Prior to this John's first known track is under the alias "Merderwerkers" titled "Blue Funk (Scars For E)" on the Sterile Records. He also published a magazine called "Stabmental" and released a track titled, "A Thin Veil Of Blood" under the alias Stabmental, after which he joined up with Peter Christopherson and Boyd Rice recording Nightmare Culture under the alias "The Sickness of Snakes" and performed alongside Christopherson in Psychic TV before the duo formed Coil. (lost his balance & tipped over the banisters at his home while under the influence of alcohol) b. February 16th 1962. 2004: Ol' Dirty Bastard /Russell Tyrone Jones (35) American rap artist born in Brooklyn, New York City, he was one of the founding members of the hip hop group Wu-Tang Clan in 1992. After establishing the Wu-Tang Clan, in 1995, Ol' Dirty Bastard went on to a successful solo career, although sometimes hampered by legal troubles. March 28th 1995, he released Return to the 36 Chambers: The Dirty Version' which produced the hit singles "Brooklyn Zoo" and "Shimmy Shimmy Ya", the album went to platinum status. In 1997, he appeared on the Wu-Tang Clan's second and most commercially successful work, the double album Wu-Tang Forever. During the 1998 Video Music Awards, he performed "Ghetto Supastar (That Is What You Are)" onstage with Pras, Mya. Between jail sentences he released his 'Nigga Please' albums this produced the single "Got Your Money". In 2003 he starred in a VH1 special, Inside Out: Ol' Dirty Bastard Life on Parole. He also managed to record a new album, originally scheduled to be released through Dame Dash Music Group in 2004; it was shelved indefinitely (collapsed and died of a drug overdose at a Manhattan recording studio in New York shortly after complaining of chest pain) b. November 15th 1968. 2007: Erik Kurmangaliev (47) Russian-Kazakh opera singer, actor and a leading public figure in Russia's perestroika music scene.; debuted in 1980 at the Leningrad Philharmonia. He later performed in Alfred Shnitke's Second Symphony and "Dr. Faust" cantata during his career. His career reached his peak when he teamed up with director Roman Viktyuk in the early 1990s, when he appeared in the Russian language version of David Hwang's M. Butterfly. He made his last appearance in film appearance in Rustam Khamdanov's "Vocal Parallels" (Erik sadly died fighting a liver infection) b. December 31st 1959. 2011: Diego Rivas aka El Guaruras (31) Mexican singer, born in Culiacan, Sinaloa state, and started singing in school contests. He later joined the band Arriba Mi Sinaloa, but split from them in 2006, after which he formed and performed with his own band Los Guaruras. He also had an online presence with a radio station. Diego was a singer of narcocorridos - songs glorifying drug traffickers. One of his songs is an ode to Joaquín Guzmán Loera, Mexico's most wanted drug lord. Other hits include "El Estándar", "Soy yo", "Dos celulares", "El Amor no se vende" among others (Diego and two companions were killed with an AK-47 in a drive-by shooting in Culiacan) b. May 18th 1980. 2011: Yvonne "Dixie" Fasnacht (101) American jazz singer, clarinetist and New Orleans' French Quarter club owner. She toured with the Southland Rhythm Girls, playing Dixieland Jazz in the 1930s. In 1939, she and her sister Irma opened the first of several jazz bars in New Orleans, all bearing the name Dixie's. Her Bourbon Street edition Dixie's Bar Of Music, was described as a place where rich and poor, famous and not, gay and straight felt totally comfortable. Truman Capote, Rock Hudson, Tennessee Williams, Danny Kaye and Gore Vidal were among those who visited the bar and it was one of the first that catered openly to gays. Dixie lived in her apartment on Bourbon Street, well into her 90s, still dying her hair red and dressing elegantly (?) b. July 7th 1910. 2013: Dena Epstein (96) American music librarian and author born in Milwaukee; she studied music at the University of Chicago and library science at the University of Illinois, graduating in 1943 and in 1946 she began working as a cataloguer and reviser for the Library of Congress music section. She returned to the University of Chicago in 1964 as the Assistant Music Librarian, in which position she served for 22 years. Dena served as president of the Music Library Association (MLA) from 1977 to 1979 and was awarded the association's highest citation in 1986. In 1955, she started researching the historical origins of American slave music and her 1977 book on the topic, Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: black folk music to the Civil War, was awarded the Chicago Folklore Prize and the Simkins Prize of the Southern Historical Association. Other books include Music Publishing in Chicago Before 1871 published in 1969 (?) b. November 30th 1916. 2014: Mike Burney (70) English saxophonist born in the Great Barr area of Birmingham, and received his musical education at Bromsgrove College of Further Education. In the early to mid 60s he started out with the Everett’s Blueshounds before joining Billy Fury's backing band in 1968 to 1970. Following this, he became a founding member of Wizzard. The band made their live debut at The London Rock and Roll Show at Wembley Stadium on August 5th 1972, this was the very first concert to be held at the stadium and Wizzard's second appearance was at the Reading Festival later that month. He played on hits s such as "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday" of which also Mike wrote its b-side, "Rob Roy's Nightmare (A Bit More H.A.)". Their biggest hit was with their second single,"See My Baby Jive", which topped the UK charts, this was followed "Angel Fingers (A Teen Ballad)", which also topped the charts. Mike went on to become a much in demand session musician and visiting American musicians, knowing of his reputation as a world-class player, would >>> Read More <<< (sadly died while fighting a long brave battle with cancer) b. November 1st 1944. 2015: Guillaume B. Decherf (43) French music critic and journalist. His first story, published July 13, was an account of the Solidays festival. In early 2000, he was the special envoy of Libe in Chicago, where he met one of his favorite groups, The Smashing Pumpkins, whose leader Billy Corgan confided to him: "I accommodated abject sides of life. The demons are on the lookout, you have to be there". He worked for Rolling Stone and the Metro daily, before joining the paper, Les Inrocks, in 2008. As a follower and writer of hard rock, in 2012, he coordinateed a special issue devoted to metal. His last column, published on October 28, was that of Down Zipper, the new recording of Eagles of Death Metal, in which he announced the concert at the Bataclan, where he died under the hail of bullets of the terrorists. (tragically assassinated in the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks at The Bataclan Theatre, 50 Boulevard Voltaire) b. 1972. 2015: Thomas Ayad (32) French music executive born in Amiens; he was product manager for Mercury Music Group, part of the Universal Music France. He began working in the music industry at V2 Records, where he was hired as a press officer after completing an internship there. Later, he worked at ULM – a Universal label that later merged with Mercury. In the eight years that Thomas worked at Mercury, he helped create ad campaigns, manage schedules and budgets, coordinate initiatives across the label's sales, promo and digital teams and work with artists' managers. He was beloved by both his colleagues and the musicians he encountered on the job, which include, bands like Metallica and Rammstein to singers such as Justin Beiber (tragically Thomas was assassinated in the November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks at The Bataclan Theatre, 50 Boulevard Voltaire) b. October 16th 1983. 2016: Mohammad Ebrahim Sharifzadeh (100) Persian mugham singer and composer noted for works such as works such as "Servo FS", "Girl Mvjan" and "The Beast Rana" (?) b. 1916. 2016: Leon Russell/Claude Russell Bridges (74) American multi-instrumentalist, pianist and singer-songwriter born in Lawton, Oklahoma. He began playing piano at the age of four, played baritone horn in his high school marching band and also learned trumpet. He attended Will Rogers High School in Tulsa, where in his same class was a young David Gates, they played and recorded together as the Fencement. After moving to L.A. in 1958, he became a session musician, working as a pianist on the recordings of many notable 1960s musical artists. By the late 1960s, he diversified, becoming successful as an arranger and songwriter. During a 60 plus year career, with his trademark top hat, hair well past his shoulders, and a long, lush beard, he played on, arranged, wrote or produced some of the finest records in popular music history. >>> READ MORE <<< (Leon had suffered a heart attack in July 2016 and was recovering from heart surgery when sadly he died in his sleep at his home in Nashville, Tennessee)b. April 2nd 1942. November 14 . 1944: Carl Flesch (71) Hungarian violinist, and teacher; born in Moson; he began playing the violin at seven years of age. At 10, he was taken to Vienna, and began to study with Jakob Grün. At 17 years old, he left for Paris and joined the Paris Conservatoire. He settled in Berlin, and in 1934 went to live in London.He was known for his solo performances in a very wide range of repertoire from Baroque music to contemporary, gaining fame as a chamber music performer. He also taught at Bucharest 1897-1902, Amsterdam 1903-08, Philadelphia 1924-28 and the Berlin High School for Music 1929-34. Carl published a number of instructional books, including the 1923 'Die Kunst des Violin-Spiels' (?) b. October 9th 1873. 1946: Manuel de Falla y Matheu (69) Spanish composer of classical music, born in Cádiz. He became interested in native Andalusian music, particularly Andalusian flamenco, specifically cante jondo, the influence of which can be strongly felt in many of his works. His first important work was the one-act opera La vida breve/Life is Short or The Brief Life, written in 1905, premiered in 1913. Manuel spent 1907 to 1914 in Paris, where he met composers who had an influence on his style, including the impressionists Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy and Paul Dukas. From 1921 to 1939 Manuel lived in Granada, where he organized the Concurso de Cante Jondo in 1922. In Granada he wrote the puppet opera El retablo de maese Pedro/Master Peter's Puppet Show and a concerto for harpsichord and chamber ensemble. He continued to work after moving to Argentina in 1939, following Francisco Franco's victory in the Spanish Civil War (?) b. November 23rd 1876. 1968: Hilton Jefferson (65) American jazz alto saxophonist born in Danbury, CT; perhaps best-known for leading the saxophone section from 1940-1949 in the Cab Calloway band. In 1929 Jefferson began his professional career with Claude Hopkins, and throughout the '30s was busy working for the big bands of McKinney's Cotton Pickers, Chick Webb, and Fletcher Henderson. From 1952-53 Hilton performed with Duke Ellington. In the 50s he continued to perform, especially with Rex Stewart and former members of the Fletcher Henderson band (?) b. July 30th 1903. 1977: Richard Stewart Addinsell (74) British composer, best known for film music, notably his Warsaw Concerto, composed for the 1941 film Dangerous Moonlight, also known under the later title Suicide Squadron. Other film credits include Goodbye Mr. Chips-1939; Gaslight-1940; Blithe Spirit-1945; Tom Brown's Schooldays-1951; Scrooge-1951; The Prince and the Showgirl-1957; A Tale of Two Cities-1958; Beau Brummell-1955 and Life at the Top in 1965. In 1932, with Clemence Dane, he wrote the incidental music for the Broadway adaptation of Alice in Wonderland. He collaborated from 1942 with Joyce Grenfell, for her West End revues including 'Tuppence Coloured', 'Penny Plain' and her one-woman shows. He also wrote among many other works the orchestral piece 'Southern Rhapsody', which was played every morning at the start of TV broadcasts by the former Southern Television company in south of England from 1958 to 1981 (?) b. January 13th 1904. 1992: George Rufus Adams (52) American jazz tenor saxophonist, flutist and clarinet player, born in Covington, Georgia, also known for his idiosyncratic singing. At high school he was playing tenor in funk bands and in 1961, he toured with Sam Cooke, then in '63 he moved to Ohio where he played with organ based groups. He relocated to New York in 1968, where he played with Roy Haynes, Gil Evans, and Art Blakey, among others. George also co-led a quartet with pianist Don Pullen. One of his last recordings was America on the Blue Note label. The album consists of classic American songs like "Tennessee Waltz", "You Are My Sunshine" and "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" as well as a few original songs that articulate his surprisingly positive view of his country and the gifts it had given him. It also includes "The Star Spangled Banner" and "America the Beautiful" (?) b. April 29th 1940. 1992: Theodore "Teddy" Riley (68) American jazz trumpet player and bandleader born in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he would spend most of his career; Mostly known for playing jazz, he also worked and recorded with various Rhythm & Blues bands. Artists and groups he worked with included Fats Domino, Champion Jack Dupree, The Dookie Chase Orchestra, Roy Brown's Band, The Olympia Brass Band, The Williams Brass Band, and The Royal Brass Band. In 1971 Teddy played on the cornet used by Louis Armstrong in his youth for the New Orleans ceremonies marking Armstrong's death (?) b. May 10th 1924. 2002: Elena Nikolaidi (93) Turkish-born American mezzo-soprano opera singer who went on to sing leading roles with major opera companies worldwide and made numerous recordings. She made her US operatic debut as Amneris in Verdi's Aïda with the San Francisco Opera and reprised the role for her Metropolitan Opera debut in 1951. In the early 60s she retired from opera but continued concertizing e for a number of years. In 1960 Elena accepted a position on the voice faculty of Florida State University in Tallahassee. In 1977 she went to Houston, Texas, as the primary voice instructor for the newly established Houston Opera Studio, a young-artist training program that was at that time a joint venture of Houston Grand Opera and the University of Houston (?) b. June 14th 1909. 2004: Gene Anthony Ray (41) American actor, dancer, vocalist and choreographer, born in Harlem, New York. He was best known for his portrayal of the street smart dancer Leroy in the 1980 film Fame and the TV spin-off which aired from '82 until '87. In 1987 he played Billy Nolan in the musical adaptation of Carrie by Stephen King in the original opening in Stratford-Upon-Avon which closed after less than a month, he then transferred to Broadway and continued to play the role until the musical closed after only five public performances (Gene died of a stroke, sadly due to aids) b. May 24th 1962. 2004: Michel Colombier (65) French composer, songwriter and conductor born in Lyon, by 14 years, he had discovered jazz and was performing with small combos and big bands. At 22 years, he was hired as musical director of Barclay Records, his first assignment was to arrange Charles Aznavour's first album in English for release in the US. He composed the music for 'Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme'at the Comédie-Française, his only creation for stage. Michel entered the world of ballet with one of Maurice Béjart's masterpieces, "Messe Pour Le Temps Present", co-written with Pierre Henry, he also co-write for many years with Serge Gainsbourg. Michel worked with an extremely diversified array of artists, including the Beach Boys, Barbra Streisand, Wind & Fire, Supertramp, Quincy Jones, Roberta Flack, Johnny Mathis, Neil Diamond, Herbie Hancock, Charles Aznavour, Jean-Luc Ponty, Brigitte Fontaine, Catherine Deneuve, Herb Alpert, Earth, Joni Mitchell, Jeanne Moreau, Stephane Grappelli, David Sanborn, Branford Marsalis, Bobby McFerrin, Madonna and Jaco Pastorius to mention a few. He also wrote the music for more than twenty ballets, and worked with some of the world's greatest dance companies and choreographers (sadly died of cancer) b. May 23rd 1939. 2007: Bud Mills (40) American drummer and a founder member of the death metal band Insanity. It was formed in 1985 in the San Francisco Bay Area and unleashed some of the most intensely brutal death metal of that time. Bud created the 1-1 drum beat that was faster than the fastest thrash beat used at the time. (sadly died after a brave battle with esophageal cancer) b. April 17th 1967. 2011: Jackie Leven aka Sir Vincent Lone (61) Scottish folk musician and songwriter, born in Kirkcaldy, Fife. he started his musical career in the late 1960s under the pseudonym "John St Field", and recorded an album, 'Control', between 1973-1975. He found success with new wave band Doll by Doll which he formed in '77, releasing 4 albums between 1979-1982; after which he launched his solo career. He suffered a street assault and near strangulation during the recording of his first solo album in 1984, which left him unable to speak for nearly two years. During this time he sadly became addicted to heroin. In 1994 and thankfully clean, his solo career restarted with the release of the mini-album Songs from the Argyll Cycle and the full-album The Mystery of Love is Greater than the Mystery of Death. He went on to release more than twenty albums under his own name or under the pseudonym Sir Vincent Lone (sadly Jackie died battling lung cancer) b. June 18th 1950. 2011: Laura Kennedy (?) American musician and original bassist with the post-punk band Bush Tetras. The group scored two dance hits in the U.S. with "Too Many Creeps" peaking at No.57 Dance in 1981, and "Can't Be Funky / Cowboys In Africa" peaking at No.32 in 1982 (sadly passed away due to complications from Hepatitis C) b. ????. 2011: Lee Pockriss (87) American songwriter born in Brooklyn; along with Paul Vance he co-wrote "Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini", recorded in 1960 by Brian Hyland; the Grammy-nominated "Catch a Falling Star", recorded in 1957 by Perry Como; and the 1969 hit, "Tracy", recorded by The Cuff Links. He also wrote Anita Bryant's "My Little Corner of the World", Shelley Fabares' "Johnny Angel" recorded in 1962, and the Clint Holmes song "Playground In My Mind". With lyricist Anne Croswell he wrote the songs for the Broadway musical Tovarich, which received a Grammy nomination for Original Cast Album. He and Croswell have also collaborated on the frequently produced Ernest in Love and Bodo. Lee also wrote the music for the musicals Wonderful Olly, Dolley Madison, and Divorce Of Course.He wrote seven original songs for MGM's full length animated film The Phantom Tollbooth, scored the film The Subject Was Roses and wrote the title songs for One, Two, Three and the Western classic, Stagecoach. In the 1980s, Lee wrote several songs for the children's educational series Sesame Street, including "My Polliwog Ways"-Kermit the Frog, "Transylvania Love Call"-Count von Count, and "My Rock"-Bert (sadly died after a long illness) b. January 20th 1924. 2012: Roger Herrera (80) Filipino bassist, he started playing jazz at age 23, in Japan. In the 1962 Jazz Critics Poll of Downbeat Magazine, Roger Herrera was voted one of the world’s best bass players, along with Charles Mingus, Ray Brown and Ron Carter. He toured around the world and performed twice at the prestigious Monterey Jazz Fest with the legendary Filipino pianist Romy Posadas. Roger was scheduled to perform at the 2012 Filipino-American Jazz Festival at Catalina Bar & Grill but backed out a month ago because of failing health. At the Fest the “Works of the Masters” segment will be dedicated in his honor... an Emil Mijares arrangement of “Waiting for Waits,” originally performed in 1984 at the Folks Arts Theater, where Roger played bass; and an original tune by Angel Pena, “Bass-ically Yours,” composed in his honor. (sadly died of pneumonia) b. January 8th 1932 2012: Martin Fay (76) Irish fiddler and bones player, born in Cabra, Dublin; he was inspired to learn to play violin after seeing a film about celebrated violinist-composer, Paganini and went on to win a scolarship to the Dublin Municipal School of Music. Martin got his first job with a six-piece orchestra that played music at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, before joining the traditional Irish band Ceoltóirí Cualann. Then in the November of 1962, Martin, along with Paddy Moloney, Sean Potts, Michael Tubridy and David Fallon founded the group, The Chieftains. They remained semi-professional up until the very early 70s, by then they had achieved great success in Ireland and the UK. In 1973, their popularity began to spread to the USA >>> READ MORE <<< (?) b. 1938 2013: Georgina Anderson (15) English singer born in Marske-by-the-Sea, Teesside. Georgina debuted on youtube with a Bonnie Raitt cover " I Can't Make You Love Me ", which has already had almost 40,000 YouTube hits and has been re-tweeted by celebs including comedian Johnny Vegas and Teesside actor Mark Benton. This has been followed by a posthumous 2013 hit single, " Two Thirds of a Piece ", which has to date reached No.63 on the UK Singles Chart (tragically young Georgina has died after being diagnosed with stage four liver cancer and having bravely faced all available cancer treatment options) b.October 1998 2014: Morteza Pashaei (30) Iranian pop singer born in Tehran; he began his professional music career in 2009 by publishing his songs on the internet, notably Youtube. As an artist, he was known to be quite innovative. He is best known for his 2012 track, Yeki Hast (sadly died fighting stomach cancer) b. August 13th 1984. 2016: Holly Dunn (59) American country music singer-songwriter; while attending high school, she performed in a band called Freedom Folk Singers, which toured the Southern United States and while at Abilene Christian University in a group called The Hilltoppers. She also wrote songs with her brother, Chris Waters, one of their collaborations, "Out of Sight, Not Out of Mind", was recorded by Cristy Lane. Holly recorded for MTM Records between 1985 and 1988, Warner Bros. Records between 1988 and 1993, and River North Records between 1995 and 1997. She released 10 albums and charted 19 singles, plus two duets on the Hot Country Songs charts. Two of her single releases, "Are You Ever Gonna Love Me" and "You Really Had Me Going", went to number one. (sadly died while battling ovarian cancer) b. August 22nd 1957. 2016: David Mancuso (72) American disk jockey who created the popular "by invitation only" parties in New York City, which later became known as "The Loft". The first party, called 'Love Saves The Day', was in 1970. Before hosting his first Loft party, he was playing records for his friends on a semi-regular basis as early as 1966. These parties became so popular that by 1971 he and Steve Abramowitz, who worked the door, decided to do this on a weekly basis; these parties were similar to rent party or house party. In 1999 and 2000, he and Colleen Murphy produced the compilation series David Mancuso Presents The Loft, Volumes One and Two. In 2005, he was inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame for his outstanding achievement as a DJ and in 2008, David, with the help of Goshi Manabe, Colleen Murphy, and Satoru Ogawa, launched his own audiophile record label, The Loft Audiophile Library of Music. (?) b. October 20th 1944. November 15 . 1963: Fritz Reiner (74) Hungarian conductor, he moved to America in 1922 to take the post of Principal Conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. He remained until 1931, after which he taght at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He conducted the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra from 1938 to 1948 and made a few recordings with them for Columbia Records, then spent several years at the Metropolitan Opera, where he conducted a historic production of Strauss's Salome in 1949, with the Bulgarian soprano Ljuba Welitsch in the title role, and the American premiere of Igor Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress in 1951. He also conducted and made a recording of the famous 1952 Metropolitan Opera production of Bizet's Carmen, starring Rise Stevens (heart problems) b. December 19th 1888. 1987: Ray Pablo Falconer (26) British Reggae producer in the 1970s and 1980s. Brother to Earl Falconer from UB40, he produced most of singles and albums for UB40. (died in a tragic car crash) b. ??? 1991: Jacques Morali (45) French music producer, who is best remembered for being the creator and driving force behind the disco group, Village People. Also between 1974 and 1982 he wrote, co-wrote and produced over 65 albums, including hits like "Brazil", "The Best Disco In Town", "Life Is Music", "African Queens", "Quiet Village" and "American Generation" (sadly died from aids) b. July 4th 1947. 1997: Saul Chaplin (85) American composer and musical director; he worked on stage, screen and television since the days of Tin Pan Alley. In film, he won four Oscars for collaborating on the scores and orchestrations of An American in Paris, Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and West Side Story as well as a nomination for High Society. Other films included Can-Can, I Could Go On Singing, The Sound of Music, STAR!, Man of La Mancha and That's Entertainment and the list goes on (suffered a bad fall and died as a result of his injuries) b. February 19th 1912. 2003: Wesley Webb "Speedy" West (79) Country Music Hall of Fame US pedal steel guitarist and record producer. Top session player until a stroke left him partilly paralized in 1981, just between 1950 and 1955 alone, he played on over 6,000 recordings with a total of 177 different artists, including Frankie Laine, Jo Stafford, and Paul Weston's Orchestra, Billy May's Orchestra, Betty Hutton, Helen O'Connell, Doris Day, Johnnie Ray, Ella Mae Morse, Spike Jones, Jean Shepard, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and many others. (Wesley sadly died after suffering long term heart problems) b. January 25th 1924. 2009: Derek B/EZQ/Derek Boland (44) British rapper, a pioneering figure on the UK hip hop scene in the '80s. He started DJing in a mobile unit around London at 15, before joining local pirate radio stations and finally starting WBLS, his own station, (not the one in New York). He was soon working as an A&R man for the Music Is Life label, where he recorded the track 'Rock The Beat' when a proposed compilation ran short of tracks. He used the pseudonym, EZQ, and also did his own DJing under the Derek B name. The song went on to be released as a single, and was followed by other releases including 'Good Groove' "Bad Young Brother" and "We've Got The Juice". He later released the album Bullet From a Gun while with Rush Artist Management. Derek B was the first UK rapper to achieve pop success, and appeared on BBC Television's Top of the Pops Derek was also successful as a producer and remixer, working with the Cookie Crew and Eric B and Rakim. He also helped write the 1988, Liverpool F.C. anthem, "Anfield Rap" (sadly died of a heart attack) b. January 15th 1965. 2010: Tetsuro Hoshino/Arichika Tetsuro (85) Japanes lyricist; he graduated from a nautical college and began working on a deep sea fishing boat. While receiving treatment for an illness in 1952, he submitted some lyrics to a magazine competition and won, leading to his debut as a lyricist the following year. Some of his best known works are “Hakodate no Hito” for Saburo Kitajima, “Sanbyaku Rokuju Goho no March” for Kiyoko Suizenji, and the theme song for the “Otoko wa Tsurai Yo” movie series. He also wrote songs for Miyuki Kawanaka, Ichiro Toba, Hibari Misora, and Harumi Miyako, among many others. Tetsuro had the honor of receiving the Shiju Hosho in 1986 and the Order of the Sacred Treasure in 2000. For a time, he served as chairman of JASRAC, and he was the current head of the Japanese Lyricists Association (passed away with heart failure at a Tokyo hospital) b. September 30th 1925. 2010: Roberto Pregadio (81) Italian pianist, orchestra director and television personality, born in Catania; he graduated from the Conservatory of Naples and in 1960 joined the Light Music Orchestra of the RAI. He accompanied the orchestra concert of Claudio Villa at Carnegie Hall in New York in 1961 . From the mid sixties for fifteen years he has composed and conducted numerous soundtracks for movies. In radio he worked in various programs, including Whole Town's Talking, Do you like Radio?, and The Microphone is Yours. In the 80s he formed the band "Swing Sextet of Rome" with Franco Chiari vibraphone, Baldo Maestri at the clarinet, Carlo Pes on guitar, Alessio Urso on bass and Roberto Zappulla on drums, the group has recorded for Fonit- Cetra the album Five Continents. Roberto was one of better known Spaghetti western composers who scored 9 films such as “Django the Last Killer”, “A Hole in the Forehead”, “Ciccio Forgives I Don’t”, “Paths of War”, “Twice a Judas”, “The Forgotten Pistolero”, “Mallory Must Not Die”, “Four Gunmen of the Holy Trinity”, “Three Supermen of the West”. (Roberto passed away from natural causes) b. December 6th 1928. 2011: Moogy Klingman/Mark Klingman (61) American rock keyboardist, producer, songwriter, founding member of Todd Rundgren's musical team Utopia, and later became a solo recording artist and bandleader. He grew up in Great Neck, Long Island, New York and at 16 he joined Jimmy James and the Blue Flames with Randy California and Jimi Hendrix. His association with Todd Rundgren began in 1969, when Moogy was the original keyboardist for Todd and also Utopia. In his Manhattan loft, he and Todd constructed the "Secret Sound" recording studio where they recorded Todd's 'A Wizard', 'A True Star', 'Todd', and other albums. He played on ten Todd Rundgren albums, as well as several Utopia albums. Over his long career, Moogy has played, recorded and/or had his songs recorded by artists including Jimi Hendrix, Bob Dylan, Bette Midler, Chuck Berry, Luther Vandross, Bo Diddley, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Allan Woody and Warren Haynes from the Allman Brothers and Gov't Mule and has also worked with Carly Simon, Cindy Lauper, Shawn Colvin, Irene Cara, and Thelma Houston. He was the co-founder of the band The Peaceniks, along with Barry Gruber, he also played in the "Moogy/Woody Band" with Allman Brothers alumni Allan Woody, and Warren Haynes, as well as having solo albums out on Capitol, EMI records, and on his own label (sadly Moogy died while bravely fighting cancer) b. September 7th 1950. 2012: Khin Maung Toe (62) Burmese singer–songwriter born in Mawlaik, Sagaing Division and was the longtime lead singer of the Mizzima Hlaing band. He was one of the few successful Burmese singer-songwriters who wrote his own original songs. He released 21 albums in his career and is best known for his 1984 hit "Maha Hsan Thu". Khin's last performance was in September 2012 in a charity concert organized by the 88 Student Generation Group (sadly Khin died while fighting liver cancer) b. April 2nd 1950. 2012: Frode Thingnæs (72) Norwegian jazz composer, arranger, conductor and trombone player. Born in Nore in Buskerud, at 8 years old he started to play trumpet in his school band and in 1953 he switched to trombone. He received his music education at the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen. From 1959 onwards he played in orchestras led by Bjørn Jacobsen, Gunnar Brostigen, Mikkel Flagstad and Kjell Karlsen. His own quintet, formed in 1960, was included on Norway's first jazz album, released in 1963. Together with Philip Kruse he wrote the music for the Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest entries "Hvor er du?" -1974,and "Mata Hari" -1976, both performed by his former wife, Anne-Karine Strøm .He also contributed to releases by Egil Kapstad, Terje Rypdal, Laila Dalseth, Espen Rud, Bjørn Alterhaug and Per Husby. (sadly died from complications from a heart attack) b. May 20th 1940. 2015: P. F. Sloan/Philip Gary Schlein (70) American pop-rock singer-songwriter, born in New York. He was very successful during the mid-1960s, writing, performing, and producing Billboard hits for artists such as Barry McGuire, The Searchers, Jan and Dean, Herman's Hermits, Johnny Rivers, The Grass Roots, The Turtles, and The Mamas & the Papas. Many of his songs were written in collaboration with Steve Barri. His most successful song as a writer was Barry McGuire's 1965 hit "Eve of Destruction". He also became a successful session guitarist as part of the group of L.A. session musicians known as The Wrecking Crew, working with such well-known backing musicians as drummer Hal Blaine, guitarist Tommy Tedesco, bassist Joe Osborn, and bassist/keyboardist Larry Knechtel, among others. In 2015, Phil published a book co-written with S.E. Feinberg, "What's Exactly the Matter With Me? Memoirs of a Life in Music". In the book, Sloan discussed his struggles with drug abuse and mental illness, which led to his institutionalization for a time. (sadly Philip died while battling pancreatic cancer) b. September 18th 1945. 2016: Cliff Barrows (93) American music director born in Marvin, North Carolina; Cliff was a longtime music and program director for the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. He had been a part of the Graham organization since 1949. He was best known as the host of Graham's weekly Hour of Decision radio program, and the song leader and choir director for the crusade meetings. He appeared in the 1970 film His Land with British pop singer Cliff Richard. The film reviews Biblical events as both Cliffs took a pilgrimage to Israel. In 1988, Cliff was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in Nashville, Tennessee by the Gospel Music Association and in 1996 he was also inducted into the Religious Broadcasting Hall of Fame by the National Religious Broadcasters (?) b. April 6th 1923. 2016: Jules Eskin (85) American cellist born in Philadelphia; he went on to become the principal cellist of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, where he was known for his solo performances of well-known works by Johannes Brahms, Gabriel Fauré, and Beethoven. Prior to joining the Boston Symphony Orchestra, he spent three years with the Cleveland Orchestra under George Szell.[2] He also played for the Boston Chamber Players and Burton Quintet Five. (sadly died fighting cancer) b. October 20th 1931. 2016: Mose Allison (89) American jazz pianist, vocalist, trumpeter and songwriter born on a farm outside Tippo, Mississippi. He played piano in grammar school and trumpet in high school, and wrote his first song at age thirteen. In 1956, he moved to New York City and launched his jazz career, performing with artists such as Stan Getz, Gerry Mulligan, Al Cohn, Zoot Sims, and Phil Woods. His released his debut album, 'Back Country Suite', in 1957 and formed his own trio in 1958. For more than two decades, "Parchman Farm" was his most requested song. He dropped it from his playlist in the 1980s because some critics felt it was politically incorrect. Over his long career he wrote around 150 songs and he was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2006. In 2012, Mose was honored with a marker on the Mississippi Blues Trail in his hometown of Tippo and on January 14th 2013, he was named a Jazz Master by the National Endowment for the Arts, the nation's highest honor in jazz, in a ceremony at Lincoln Center in New York. (sadly died at his home in Hilton Head, South Carolina, of natural causes) b. November 11th 1927. 2016: Bob Walsh (68) Canadian blues singer and guitarist, born in Quebec; he made his debut on the music scene in the late 1960s, first in a dance ensemble, the Blues Boys Band. He was a member of the Contraband band in 1977, and shortly afterwards formed Devito Walsh Band with André Devito, former guitarist of the band Ungava. A pillar of the blues in Quebec, he paced the scenes of Quebec and since 1984, he performed at 17 Montreal International Jazz Festivals. Still very active in recent years, Bob launched albums 'There's a Story Here' in 2012 and 'After the Storm' in 2015. Also in 2015, Bob participated in the concert in memory of BB King. (sadly died from complications after suffering a heart attack 10 days earlier) b. November 24th 1947. 2016: Milton "Milt" Okun (92) American arranger, record producer, conductor, singer and founder of Cherry Lane Music Publishing Company, Inc. He transformed the careers of a dozen or more major U.S. artists who under his tutelage became some of the most successful musical acts of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. A special on PBS alludes to Milt as one of the most influential music producers in history. His career has lasted over 50 years, from the folk revival to the twenty-first century. He has created arrangements or produced for a large number of popular groups and artists such as Peter Paul and Mary, The Chad Mitchell Trio, The Brothers Four, John Denver, and Miriam Makeba. In 1968 he interviewed many American folksingers and published the songs they chose in Something to Sing About! Milt was part of the folk quartet The Skifflers and also recorded several albums of his own in the 1950s. In 2008, he won the Abe Olman Publisher Award at the Songwriters Hall of Fame ceremony and he published his memoir, Along the Cherry Lane, in 2011. (?) b. December 23rd 1927. November 16. 1942: Joseph Schmidt (38) Jewish Romanian tenor and actor, born in Davideny, a small town in the Bukovina province of Austria-Hungary. His first vocal training was as an alto boy in the Czernowitz Synagogue, and by 1924 he was featured in his first solo recital in Czernowitz singing traditional Jewish songs and arias by Verdi, Puccini, Rossini and Bizet. He moved to Berlin and in 1929 Cornelis Bronsgeest, a famous Dutch baritone, engaged him for a radio broadcast as Vasco da Gama in Meyerbeer's L'Africaine. This was the beginning of a successful international career. He toured Europe and the United States performing in Carnegie Hall together with other prominent singers such as Grace Moore. When WWII broke out he was caught in France by the German invasion. He attempted to escape to America but, unfortunately, this failed and he made a dash for the Swiss border (he was interned in a Swiss refugee camp in Gyrenbad near Zürich in October 1942. He was already in frail health. Harsh camp life and lack of medical care sadly brought about a fatal heart attack) b. March 4th 1904. 1978: Jimmy Nottingham (52) American big band trumpeter, Flugelhorn; his first pro job was with Cecil Payne in 1943. Also played with Willie Smith, Charlie Barnet, Lucky Millinder, Count Basie and Herbie Fields. While working for CBS for over 20 years he played jazz in his spare time with Budd Johnson, Oliver Nelson, Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Goodman, Thad Jones/Mel Lewis, and Clark Terry (?) b. Dec 15th 1925 1982: Al Haig (58) American freelance jazz pianist and best known as one of the pioneers and his distinctive bebop style; born in Newark, New Jersey; he started out playing with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker in 1944, and performed with Eddie Davis and His Beboppers, the Eddie Davis Quintet, Stan Getz, he was part of the celebrated nonet on the first session of Miles Davis' Birth of the Cool (?) b. July 19th 1924. 1984: Leonard Rose (66) American cellist and pedagogue born in Washington, DC; after completing his studies at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music at age 20, he joined Arturo Toscanini's NBC Symphony Orchestra, and almost immediately became associate principal. At 21 he was principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra and at 26 was the principal of the New York Philharmonic. He made many recordings as a soloist after 1951, including concertos with conductors such as Leonard Bernstein, Eugene Ormandy, George Szell and Bruno Walter among others. Rose also joined with Isaac Stern and Eugene Istomin in a celebrated piano trio (sadly died of leukemia) b. July 27th 1918. 1984: Vic Dickenson (78) African-American jazz trombonist. His career started out in the 1920s and led him through musical associations with such legends as Jimmy Rushing, Coleman Hawkins, Count Basie, Sidney Bechet, Earl Hines, Pee Wee Russell, Benny Carter, Lester Young, Roy Eldridge, Gerry Mulligan, Billie Holliday. At one time he was a member of "The World's Greatest Jazz Band," which was the house band at The Roosevelt Grill in NYC. Also a soloist of wide acclaim known for the distinctive sound he coaxed out of the trombone (?) b. August 6th 1906 1993: Lucia Poppová (54) Slovak operatic soprano, born in Záhorská Ves; she began her career as a soubrette soprano, and later moved into the light-lyric and lyric coloratura soprano repertoire and then the lighter Richard Strauss and Wagner operas. Her career included performances at Vienna State Opera, the Metropolitan Opera, Covent Garden, and La Scala. Lucia was also a highly-regarded recitalist and leader singer (sadly lost his battle against brain cancer) b. November 12th 1939. 1994: Dino Valente/Jesse Oris Farrow/Chester "Chet" William Powers Jr (56) American singer, guitarist and songwriter. In the early 1960s he went under the name of Dino Valente, and while involved in the Greenwich Village folk music scene, he wrote "Get Together", a quintessential 1960s love-and-peace anthem. Moving west, he became a member of the band Big Sur and the San Francisco psychedelic rock group Quicksilver Messenger Service. Dino underwent brain surgery for an AVM in the late 1980s. In spite of suffering from short-term memory loss and the effects of anti-convulsive medications, he continued to write songs and play with fellow Marin County musicians. His last major performance was a benefit at San Francisco's Great American Music Hall. (died suddenly at his home in Santa Rosa, California) b. November 7th 1937. 1999: Grady Owen (?) American guitarist and singer-songwriter; a one time member of Gene Vincent & The Blue Caps after which he worked solo and with a number of other acts, including Johnny Carroll, Howard Reed and the Levee Singers. Several of his songs have been recorded by Sonny James and other singers. Gene Vincent recorded some of Grady's songs, including "Lovely Loretta," Grady himself can be heard singing one of his own song's "I Don't Feel Like Rockin' Tonight" on the recently released album "Gene Vincent -- the lost Dallas Sessions" from Dragon Street Records (?) b. ?? 2000: Ahmet Kaya (43) Kurdish singer-songwriter and composer, he generally sang in Turkish, some of his most popular songs include "Protect Yourself", "My Heart is Bleeding", "A Strange Man", "Ayrilik Vakti", Koçero, and Agladikça/"As We Cry". His first album, Aglama Bebegim, was released in 1985, his popularity continued to rise into the 90s when in 1994 he released the album Sarkilarim Daglara which sold 2.8 million copies. All of his 90s albums were chart-toppers. During his career he recorded around 20 albums. Ahmet relocated went to France in June 1999 escaping various charges arising from his political views (died from a heart attack in Paris) b. October 28th 1957. 2000: Russ Conway/Trevor Stanford (75) English pop music pianist, composer; his piano instrumentals dominated the UK Singles Chart during 1959, including two self penned No.1 hits "Side Saddle" and "Roulette". He maintained a chart presence in the early 1960s, with other hits including "China Tea", "Party Pop", "More Party Pops", "More And More Party Pops", "Snow Coach", "Lucky Five" and "Lucky Five". Russ became a fixture on light entertainment TV shows and radio for many years afterwards. He wrote the music for the West End musical "Mr Venus" but his career was blighted by ill-health, and in his later life he was noted for his charity work. (cancer) b. September 2nd 1925. 2000: Joe C/Joseph Calleja (26) American rapper who became popular as part of Kid Rock's band.He was first featured on the demo "Cool Daddy Cool" in 1995. He also appeared on television, including a guest role on The Simpsons and as a celebrity deathmatch competitor on MTV's Celebrity Deathmatch in 2000. In his songs he claims to be "3 foot 9 with a 10 foot dick". (He suffered and died from the effects of a digestive condition called Celiac disease, which caused him constant pain and his stunted growth, he died in his sleep) b. November 9th 1974. 2000: DJ Screw/Robert Earl Davis, Jr (29) US, DJ, and hiphop rapper with Screwed Up Click; born in Houston, Texas, he was a central figure in the Houston hip hop scene. He began deejaying at age 13, his innovation included the trademark technique of slowing down the basic tracks of a cut when he remixed it. This process is called "screwing" a song. Slowing down the song was supposed to recreate the effect of recreationally using Promethazine with Codeine (died of a heart attack. His cause of death was rumored to be either a codeine overdose or the result of long-term buildup of codeine in his system. However, Screwed Up Click member Z-Ro stated that Screw's death came from someone putting methamphetamine into his codeine, and he believes that it was someone very close to the Click who sabotaged him) b. July 22nd 1971. 2001: Tommy Flanagan (71) American jazz pianist born in Detroit, Michigan, particularly remembered as an accompanist of Ella Fitzgerald. He played on a number of critically acclaimed recordings, such as John Coltrane's Giant Steps, Sonny Rollins' Saxophone Colossus, The Incredible Jazz Guitar of Wes Montgomery, Art Pepper's Straight Life. During his career, he was nominated for four Grammy Awards, two for Best Jazz Performance as a Group and two for Best Jazz Performance: Soloist (Tommy died of a arterial aneurysm). b. March 16th 1930 2007: Grethe Kausland (60) Norwegian singer and performer; as a child star she was one of Norway's most popular singers, her debut single “Teddyen min” in 1955, sold more than 100.000 records. She sung and performed on stage,TV and films (lost his battle with lung cancer) b. July 3rd 1947. 2009: Jeff Clyne (72) British jazz bass and double bassist; born in London, he worked with Tubby Hayes and Ronnie Scott in their group 'The Jazz Couriers' for a year from 1958, and was part of the group of musicians who opened Ronnie Scott's Club in November 1959. He was a regular member of Hayes' groups from 1961. Jeff accompanied and or recorded with Blossom Dearie, Stan Tracey, Ian Carr, Gordon Beck,, Dudley Moore, Zoot Sims, Norma Winstone, John Burch and Marion Montgomery. He was a member of Nucleus, Isotope, Gilgamesh, Giles Farnaby's Dream Band and Turning Point in the 1970s and often worked with drummer Trevor Tomkins (sadly died from a heart attack) b. January 29th 1937. 2010: Mimi Perrin (84) French jazz singer and pianist; between 1956 and 1958 she was a member of Blossom Dearie's vocal group Blue Stars of France, after which she worked in studios as a background singer. In 1959, she formed the vocal sextet Les Double Six, which included, Louis and Monique Aldebert, Monique and Roger Guérin, Christiane Legrand, Ward Swingle, Eddy Louiss and Bernard Lubat. Her group completed several European tours and also traveled to North America, recording with Quincy Jones, Dizzy Gillespie, and Ray Charles. In recent years she has worked as a translator, including translations of the biographies of Nina Simone, Dizzy Gillespie, and Quincy Jones, as well as all the novels by John le Carré since 1989 with her daughter Isabelle (?) b. February 2nd 1926. 2011: René A. Morel (79) French-born American violin luthier who was highly regarded by leading international string players, and has been described as "arguably the best violin restorer in the world". He served on the juries of many violin-making competitions, and held offices in both the International Society of Violin and Bow Makers as well as the American Federation of Violin and Bow Makers (sadly died while fighting cancer) b. March 11th 1932. 2015: Seymour Lipkin (88) American pianist, conductor and is noted for his wartime concerts with the virtuoso violinist Jascha Heifetz entertaining Allied troops, The pair travelled to Europe, where they had their own jeep, driver and piano that went everywhere with them. Once they got lost near the front-line and later discovered that they had been driving through no-man’s land near Berlin and were fortunate not to have come under fire. After 60 concerts with Heifetz, he returned to America. Born in Detroit, but at 11, he moved to Philadelphia to study at Curtis, boarding with a local family. He received a Bachelor of Music from Curtis in 1947 and worked at the faculty until 1969. In addition to Juilliard, where he joined the faculty in 1986, Seymour has also taught at Manhattan School of Music, New England Conservatory, and Marymount College. He has performed as a soloist with most major American orchestras, recorded extensively, and also had a distinguished conducting career. (?) b. May 14 1927 2015: Jerzy Katlewicz (88) Polish conductor, artistic director and professor at the Academy of Music in Krakow, born in Bochnia. In 1952 he graduated with honors for conducting at the State Academy of Music in Krakow and in 1957-1958 he did a scholarship in Italy and Austria. He went on to be the first creator of many works by Polish composers, including Mark Stachowski, Zbigniew Bujarski, Henryk Mikolaj Gorecki, Stefan Kisielewski, Tadeusz Szeligowski, Krystyna Moszumanska-Nazar, Kazimierz Serocki and Adam Walacinski. He has performed in all European countries, as well as in Japan, Mongolia, China, Australia, New Zealand and Central America and the Middle East in Lebanon and Iran. He has participated in many music festivals both at home and abroad and led such orchestras as RAI Roma, the National Orchestra of Mexico, Conservatoire Paris, RTB Bruxelle, the Gulbenkian in Lisbon, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Radio and Television Orchestra in Moscow, the National Orchestra TV Paris, FOK Prague, Radio Orchestra Hilversum, Teatro dell Opera Roma, Accademia Santa Cecilia di Roma , as well as the philharmonic orchestras in Athens, Barcelona, Bratislava, Budapest, Bucharest, Ljubljana and Rotterdam. In 2000, Jerzy was made an Honorary Citizen of the City of Bochni (?) b. April 2nd 1927. 2015: Richard Cowan (57) American operatic bass-baritone, born in Euclid, Ohio and graduated in opera and composition from the Indiana University School of Music in 1981. A National Finalist in the 1985 Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions and winner of the Grand Prize in the 1987 Concours International de Chant de Paris, he sang leading roles in the opera houses of Europe and North America and was the Artistic Director of the Lyrique en Mer opera festival in Belle Île, which he founded in 1998. (?) b. December 24th 1957. 2016: Mentor Williams (70) American songwriter and producer, he produced for A&M, MCA, RSO and Columbia Records, commuting between L.A, Nashville, and London. He worked at The Record Plant with Paul McCartney and Kenney Jones and at Apple Studios in London with Stealers Wheel and Gerry Rafferty. He produced albums for his brother, songwriter Paul Williams, as well as for Kim Carnes, John Stewart, and Dobie Gray, among others. Mentor was a post-production, re-mix engineer for The Muppet Movie, which won a Grammy Award and an Academy Award; he worked on the Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid soundtrack and he received an ASCAP award for his 30 years of songwriting, as well as winning 17 writing awards over his career. (?) b. 1946. November 17 . 1955: James "Jimmy" Johnson (61) American jazz pianist and composer, maybe the most important pioneers of the stride style of jazz piano playing. Born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in the teens, he gained a reputation as one of the premier ragtime pianists on the East coast, he became in demand as a recording artist, and made dozens of superb player piano roll recordings for Aeolian, Perfection, Artempo, Rythmodik, and QRS during the period from 1917 - 1927. As his piano style continued to evolve, his 1921 phonograph recordings of "Harlem Strut", "Carolina Shout", and "Keep off the Grass" were among the first jazz piano solos to be put onto records. His piano style later was to become a model for the early Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Fats Waller, Art Tatum, and Thelonious Monk. Besides being a jazz piano pioneer, and a most spontaneously inventive performer, Jimmy composed many hit tunes in his work for the musical theatre: "Charleston" which became one of the most popular songs and the definitive dance number/theme tune of the Roaring Twenties. Others are "If I Could Be With You (One Hour Tonight)", "You've Got to Be Modernistic", "Don't Cry, Baby", "Keep off the Grass", "Old Fashioned Love", "A Porter's Love Song to a Chambermaid", "Carolina Shout", and "Snowy Morning Blues". He permanently retired from performing after suffering a severe, paralyzing stroke in 1951. Jimmy was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame-1970, Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame-1973, Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame-1980, and the ASCAP Jazz Wall of Fame-2007. In spite of the fact that Jimmy can arguably be considered to have been the first jazz pianist, the composer of the signature tune of the Roaring Twenties, as well as other enduring tunes, he remains largely unknown to the general public. (heart problems) b. February 1st 1894. 1959: Heitor Villa-Lobos (72) Brazilian composer born in Rio de Janeiro; he is described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos has become the best-known and most significant Latin American composer to date. He wrote numerous orchestral, chamber, instrumental and vocal works. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and by stylistic elements from the European classical tradition, as exemplified by his Bachianas brasileiras / "Brazilian Bach-pieces". (?) b. March 5th 1887. 1979: John Glascock (28) English bass player and electric guitarist with The Juniors, Head Medicine, The Gods, Toe Fat, Chicken Shack, Carmen, his last band being Jethro Tull. He played on the Jethro Tull albums Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!, Songs from the Wood, Heavy Horses, Live - Bursting Out, and Stormwatch (congenital heart defect) b. May 2nd 1951 1981: Bob Eberly (65) American big band singer and brother of well-known big-band singer, Ray Eberle. He is known for singing with Jimmy Dorsey's band and is most well-known for singing "Green Eyes". (?) b. July 24th 1916. 1982: Eduard Tubin (77) Estonian composer, born in Torila, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire, now Estonia. After the Soviet Union invaded in 1944, he fled to Stockholm, where he remained for the rest of his life. It was here where he wrote some of his greatest works, including much music for the choirs and symphonies 6-10. Towards the end of his life, he slowly began to gain recognition, particularly after the conductor Neeme Järvi, also an Estonian, moved to the USA in 1980. In the last year of his life his Tenth Symphony was performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and he received several awards from Swedish music organisations (?) b. June 18th 1905. 1987: Irene Wicker/The Singing Lady (80) American singer and actress; The Kellogg Company sponsored "The Singing Lady," beginning in 1931. The show was billed as the nation's first radio network program for children. The show was always hosted by Irene, who was known for her melodic and soothing voice (?) b. November 24th 1905. 1995: Alan Hull (50) English lead singer, songwriter and founding member of the Tyneside folk rock band, Lindisfarne, he also played rhythm guitar and keyboards. He was hailed as the most innovative songwriter since Bob Dylan. His most famous songs include "Lady Eleanor", "Fog on the Tyne", and "Run for Home" (died unexpectedly from a sudden heart thrombosis) b. February 20th 1945. 2001: Michael Karoli (53) German guitarist, violinist and composer, born and grew up in Straubing, Bavaria. He was a founding member of the influential krautrock band Can. His main role was guitarist, later also providing vocals. He was a constant member of the band, playing with it between 1968 and its break-up in 1979. They had singles such as "Spoon" and "I Want More" and albums including Tago Mago in 1971 and 1972's Ege Bamyasi. He also joined the band for its two reunions, in 1986 and 1991 (sadly died after a long battle with cancer) b. April 29th 1948. 2003: Arthur Conley (57) American horn player, vocalist, songwriter; born in McIntosh County, Georgia and grew up in Atlanta. He first recorded in 1959 as the lead singer of Arthur & the Corvets. With this group, he released three singles in 1963 and 1964, "Poor Girl", "I Believe", and "Flossie Mae". He launched a solo career, and is well known for his 1967 hit, "Sweet Soul Music". It shot to the number two spot on both the pop and R&B charts, earning Conley the number eleven male artist ranking for 1967. The song paid homage to other soul singers like Lou Rawls, Wilson Pickett and James Brown. He e relocated to England in 1975, and spent several years in Belgium, after which he settled in Amsterdam, The Netherlands in spring 1977, where he promoted new music (died in Ruurlo, The Netherlands after a long battle with intestinal cancer) b. January 4th 1946. 2003: Don Gibson (75) American songwriter and country musician. A Country Music Hall of Fame inductee, Gibson penned and recorded such country standards as "Oh Lonesome Me", "Blue Blue Day", "Sweet Dreams" and "I Can't Stop Loving You" and enjoyed a string of country hits from 1957 into the early 1970's. He was nicknamed "The Sad Poet," because he frequently wrote songs that told of loneliness and lost love. was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973, and in 2001, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame (natural causes) b. April 3rd 1928. 2006: Flo Sandon (82) Italian singer born in Vicenza, her musical career began in 1944 when she debuted in a Red Cross charity show and went on to be popular in the post-WWII years. She won the Sanremo Music Fest in 1953 with the song "Viale d'autunno". Her other hits include "Vorrei volare", "Kiss Me", "I Love Paris", "Passa il tempo", "Concerto d'autunno", "Verde luna", "Domani", "Que sera sera" and "Bevi con me" (?) b. June 29th 1924. 2006: Ruth Brown/Ruth Weston (78)American blues singer born in Portsmouth, Virginia; known as "Queen Mother of the Blues", you can hear her influence in everyone from Little Richard to Etta James, Aretha Franklin, Janis Joplin and in today's divas like Christina Aguilera. She had a series of hit songs for fledgling Atlantic Records in the 1950s, such as "So Long", "Teardrops from My Eyes" and "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean". For these contributions, Atlantic became known as "The house that Ruth built". She used her influence to press for musicians' rights regarding royalties and contracts, which led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. Her performances in the Broadway musical Black and Blue earned Ruth a Tony Award, and the original soundtrack won a Grammy Award. (stroke and heart attack) b. January 12th 1928 2007: Hy Lit/Hyman Litsky (73) American radio disc jockey; Philadelphia-area DJ since the 1950s, with WIBG-AM, WDAS-AM/FM, WKBS-TV, WSNI/WPGR. He also hosted the nationally syndicated "Hy Lit Show," from WKBS-TV in Philadelphia which aired in more than 30 markets nationwide (sadly he suffered with Parkinson's disease, and died of kidney and heart failure at Paoli Memorial Hospital ) b. May 20th 1934. 2010: Harry Whitaker (68) American jazz pianist, born in Pensacola, Florida, he began learning the piano at age 5, and began classical lessons at age 7. He moved to Chicago in 1948, and to Detroit in 1953 at age 11. In 1959, at age 16, he graduated high school and embarked on the road with dexterous bassist Ray McKinney. After two years, he moved to New York and started playing with Slide Hampton in 1965, before joining vibraphonist Roy Ayers band in 1970. He can be heard on the breakthrough Roy Ayers recording “We Live in Brooklyn Baby” and went on to work with vocalist Roberta Flack during her most commercial and successful years beginning in the mid-1970s. Although his health had been declining over the last couple of years, Harry performed frequently at Fat Cat Billiards and Smalls, both religious institutions in the West Village jazz scene (?) b. September 19th 1942. 2011: Gary Garcia (63) American guitarist, singer, songwriter from Akron, Ohio and was one half of the duo Buckner & Garcia along with Jerry Buckner. Their first collaboration was in 1980, when they wrote a novelty Christmas song, "Merry Christmas in the NFL," about Howard Cosell as Santa Claus. Performed under the pseudonym "Willis The Guard & Vigorish", the song reached No.82 on the Billboard charts despite limited airplay after Cosell found the song offensive. In 1981, the duo, who had been together since high school days, wrote a sentimental country song called "Footprints in the Sand," performed by Edgel Groves. They also wrote the lyrics for extra verses of an extended version of the WKRP in Cincinnati theme song in 1982. However, the duo is best known for the song "Pac-Man Fever", which became a large novelty hit in 1982, peaking at No.9 in the United States. Later the same year, they signed a record deal with Columbia/CBS Records. and they released Pac-Man Fever, a full album consisting entirely of songs about arcade video games (?) b. July 28th 1948. 2012: Billy Scott/ Peter Pendleton (70) American singer, born in Huntington, West Virginia; he sang with various groups while in the Army, and after he was discharged in 1964 took the stage name "Billy Scott". In 1965 he formed and became lead vocalist for the group The Prophets, later known as "The Georgia Prophets", and eventually "Billy Scott & The Party Prophets". He was known for beach musical hits such as "I Got the Fever", his first gold record, and "California". (sadly died while fighting pancreatic and liver cancer) b. October 5th 1942. 2014: Doktor Flori (35) Albanian rapper, singer and songwriter (sadly died from a cardiac arrest) b. 1979. 2014: Jimmy Lee Ruffin (78) American soul singer, born in Collinsville, Mississippi; he was nearly two when his brother David was born, and as children, the brothers began singing with a gospel group, the Dixie Nightingales. In 1961, Jimmy became a singer as part of the Motown stable, mostly on sessions but also recording singles for its subsidiary Miracle label. He was then drafted for national service, but returned to Motownin 1964, where he was offered the opportunity to join the Temptations to replace Elbridge Bryant. However, after hearing his brother David, they hired him for the job instead, so Jimmy worked with The Funk brothers as a main backing singer and he resumed his solo career. He recorded for Motown's subsidiary Soul label, but with little success. Then in 1966, he persuaded songwriters Weatherspoon, Riser and Dean to let him record one of their numbers which they had written originally for The Spinners >>> Read More <<< (sadly died after a serious illnesss) b. May 7th 1936. 2015: Luiz de Carvalho (90) Brazilian gospel singer, born in Bauru, São Paulo. He went on to become President of Youth Union of the Baptist Church in the city of Tupa, São Paulo in the 1940s and he introduced the guitar in worship in the mid-1950s.In the early 1960 Luiz began recording gospel songs in own studio, he was the second gospel singer to record an album in Brazil. (?) b. May 16th 1925 2015: Ramona Jones/Ramona Riggins (91) American bluegrass fiddle player, singer and ‘Hee Haw’ star, born in Van Buren, Indiana. A veteran of radio, television and the live concert stage, she met Grandpa Jones in the early ’40s, but didn’t marry him until 1946, after he returned from World War II. The couple worked and recorded together frequently, often appearing at the Grand Ole Opry. Notable duets include “Dark as a Dungeon”, “Don’t Sell Daddy Any More Whiskey” and the Ramona-penned “Old Troup Dog” (?) b. 1924. November 18 . 1969: Ted Heath (67) English bandleader, composer and trombonist born in Wandsworth, London, he was the most famous and successful big band leader in Great Britain of the 1940s, 50s and 60s, recording more than 100 albums and selling over 20 million records. After playing tenor horn at the age of six, he later switched to trombone. His first real band gig was with an American band on tour in Europe - the Southern Syncopation Orchestra - which had an engagement in Vienna, Austria and needed a trombone player. The drummer for this band, Benny Payton, taught Ted much about Jazz and Swing. From 1925 to 1926 Ted played in the Kit Cat Club band led by American Al Starita. In 1928, he joined Bert Ambrose's orchestra at the Mayfair Hotel in London and played there until 1935 when he moved on to Sydney Lipton's orchestra at the Grosvenor House. It was during this time that Ted became the most prominent trombone player in England, he played on numerous recordings. In 1940, he joined Geraldo's orchestra and played hundreds of concerts and broadcasts during the war traveling to the Middle East to play to the Allied Forces based there. Inspired by Glenn Miller Ted formed his own band. The Ted Heath Band was first heard on a BBC broadcast in 1944. The band was organized originally as a British "All Star Band" playing only radio dates. Ted and his band went on to work with many of the world's great artists including Nat King Cole, Woody Herman, Count Basie, Marlene Dietrich, Johnny Mathis and Tony Bennett to mention just a few. His band members included among others Ronnie Scott, the pianist Stan Tracey, trumpeters Kenny Baker and Duncan Campbell, sax players Red Price, Ronnie Chamberlain, Don Rendell and Tommy Whittle, trombonists Don Lusher and Wally Smith, drummer Jack Parnell. The addition of singers including Dickie Valentine, Lita Roza, and Dennis Lotis. Ted and his band also appeared in several films. (?) b. March 30th 1902. 1971: Herman 'Junior' Parker (39) American blues singer and harmonica player also known as Little Junior Parker or "Mr Blues"; he is best remembered for his unique voice which has been described as "honeyed," and "velvet-smooth". He was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2001. His biggest influence as a harmonica player was Sonny Boy Williamson, with whom he worked before moving on to work for Howlin' Wolf in. He was also a member of Memphis's ad hoc group, the Beale Streeters, with Bobby 'Blue' Bland and B.B. King (died after a series of brain operations) b. May 27 1932. 1972: Danny Whitten (29) American musician, guitarist and songwriter best known for his work with Neil Young and Crazy Horse, and for the song "I Don't Want To Talk About It", a hit for Rita Coolidge, Rod Stewart and Everything but the Girl. Born in Columbus, Georgia, he joined Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina among others in the doo-wop group Danny and the Memories. After recording an single, "Can't Help Loving That Girl of Mine", they moved to San Francisco where they morphed into a folk-psychedelic rock act called The Psyrcle, then The Rockets. They joined up with Neil Young and the recording sessions led to Young's second album, 'Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere' credited as Neil Young with Crazy Horse with Danny on second guitar and vocals. in 1970, Crazy Horse recorded its first solo album, released in early 1971, thier debut album included five songs by Danny. Sadly now into heroin he participated only in the early stages of Young's next solo album, "After the Gold Rush", performing on "Oh, Lonesome Me", "I Believe in You", and "When You Dance I Can Really Love". During this time, Neil wrote and recorded "The Needle and the Damage Done" with direct references to Danny's addiction and its role in the destruction of his talent (sadly overdosed on a mixture of Valium and Vodka) b. May 8th 1943. 1973: Alois Hába (80) Czech composer, born at Vizovice, Moravia, he began to compose during his earlier studies in Kromeríž 1908–12. In 1920, as a student of Franz Schreker, he composed his first quarter-tone work - String Quartet No. 2. In 1923–1948 he worked first as an instructor, later as professor at the Prague Conservatory. During World War II, he was endangered by Nazis, because he tried to help his Jewish pupils. After the war he lived in peace in the Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia. His best known work is the opera Mother, which received its premiere at the Gärtnerplatztheater in Munich, Germany in May 1931; the cast included the Swiss tenor Max Meili, an early music specialist and primarily a recitalist rather than an opera singer (?) b. June 23rd 1893. 1994: Cabell "Cab" Calloway III (86) American jazz singer, bandleader; one of the great entertainers, a household name by 1932, and never really declined in fame. A talented jazz singer, a superior scatter, his gyrations and showmanship on-stage at the Cotton Club sometimes overshadowed the quality of his always excellent bands. Calloway's Orchestra featured performers trumpeters Dizzy Gillespie and Adolphus "Doc" Cheatham, saxophonists Ben Webster and Leon "Chu" Berry, New Orleans guitar ace Danny Barker, and bassist Milt Hinton. He continued to perform until his death (died after suffering a major stroke 6 months previously) b. December 25th 1907 1999: Paul Frederic Bowles (88) American expatriate composer, author, and translator. Following a cultured middle-class upbringing in New York City, during which he displayed a talent for music and writing, he pursued his education at the University of Virginia before making various trips to Paris in the 1930s. He studied music with Aaron Copland and in New York wrote music for various theatrical productions, as well as other compositions. He achieved critical and popular success with the publication in 1949 of his first novel The Sheltering Sky, set in what was known as French North Africa, which he had visited in 1931. In 1947 Bowles settled in Tangier, Morocco, except for winters spent in Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon) during the early 1950s, Tangier was his home for the remainder of his life. (heart attack) b. December 30th 1910. 1999: Doug Sahm (57) American multi-musician, proficient on dozens of musical instruments, born in San Antonio, Texas; he was a child prodigy in country music, but became a significant figure in blues, rock and other genres, he is said to have been offered a permanent spot on the Grand Ole Opry, but his mother wanted him to finish junior high. Today he is considered one of the most important figures in what is identified as Tex-Mex. He was founder-leader of the '60s hippie band The Sir Douglas Quintet, and later with Augie Meyers, Freddy Fender and Flaco Jimenez -The Texas Tornados. He was also a sought-after session musician, appearing on releases of other artists including, The Grateful Dead. He sang backing vocals on Willie Nelson's 1977 gospel album, The Troublemaker. (heart attack) b. November 6th 1941 2002: Bill Brunskill (82)British trumpet player born in London; originally a guitarist but after working as a military policeman during WW2, he took up the trumpet and became interested in the New Orleans traditional Jazz sound and artists as Muggsy Spanier and Bunk Johnson. Some of his East End contemporaries included clarinetists Cy Laurie and Monty Sunshine. In 1952 Bill's group fronted by guitarist Tony Donegan, appeared at a Royal Festival Hall concert, along with US Lonnie Johnson. In '55, he formed a group to play Sunday afternoons at Cy Laurie's Club in London's West End, a group designed for young musicians to 'sit in' and gain experience playing in public. Guitarist 'Diz' Disley once featured such a rough and ready session in one of his satirical Melody Maker cartoons entitled " Bill Brunskill's Workshop". Bill began another long engagement at the 'Lord Napier' in the South London surburb of Thornton Heath which went on to be a mecca for visitng jazz musicians (?) b. February 2nd 1920. 2003: Michael Kamen (55) American composer, especially of film scores, orchestral arranger, orchestral conductor, song writer, and session musician.He wrote eleven ballets, a saxophone concerto, and provided scores for films such as The Dead Zone, For Queen & Country, Polyester, Brazil, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, Highlander, X-Men, Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, Licence to Kill, the Lethal Weapon series, the first three films of the Die Hard series, Mr. Holland's Opus, Splitting Heirs and many others. Other successes include his work with Pink Floyd, David Gilmour and Roger Waters (he is one of the few people to have been invited to work with both former Pink Floyd members, after their split), as well as Queen, Eric Clapton, Roger Daltrey, Aerosmith, Tom Petty, David Bowie, Metallica, Eurythmics, Queensrÿche, Rush, Herbie Hancock, The Cranberries, Bryan Adams, Jim Croce, Sting, and Kate Bush (heart attack) b. April 15th 1948 2004: Cy Coleman/Seymour Kaufman (75) American composer, songwriter, and jazz pianist born in New York City; he was a child prodigy who gave piano recitals at Steinway Hall, Town Hall, and Carnegie Hall between the ages of 6 and 9, but he decided to build a career in popular music. His first collaborator was Joseph McCarthy, they wrote The Riviera, but his most successful early partnership, was with Carolyn Leigh, writing many pop hits, including Witchcraft and The Best Is Yet To Come. In the late 1970s, he collaborations included 'I Love My Wife', 'On The Twentieth Century', and 'Home Again, Home Again'. In 1980, Cy served as producer and composer for the circus-themed Barnum, later in the decade, he collaborated on Welcome to the Club, and City of Angels. His film scores include Father Goose, The Art of Love, Garbo Talks, Power, and Family Business. In addition, he wrote Shirley MacLaine's memorable television specials, If My Friends Could See Me Now and Gypsy in My Soul. Cy has been the only composer to win consecutive Tony awards for Best Score at the same time that the corresponding musicals won for Best Musical: City of Angels and Will Rogers' Follies (cardiac arrest) b. June 14th 1929. 2007: John Hughey (73) US pedal steel guitar player, credited with developing the "crying sound" steel guitar technique; John spent over 20 years playing, touring and recording with Conway Twitty, 12 years with Vince Gill and also as a session pedal steel player, he recorded with Elvis Presley, Willie Nelson, Marty Stuart and around 140 other artists (heart complications) b. Dec 27th 1933 2007: Chickie Williams/Jessie Wanda Crupe (88) American country music singer and wife of singer-bandleader, Doc Williams; The Williams' were popular performers, although the couple and their band the Border Riders recorded, performed live and appeared on the radio for over five decades they never had a national hit. Chickie sang and recorded solo, with her husband Doc and later occasionally with her 3 daughters (?) b. February 13th 1919. 2009: Johnny Almond (63) British jazz and rock musician; born in Enfield, Middlesex, he learnt the drums from his father at a very early age, but soon learnt the saxophone, alto saxophone became his first instrument, but he also played tenor sax and eventually mastered seven others instruments, including keyboard and the vibraphone. Johnny played professionally in several bands as a teenager, he led his own jazz combo, played with Tony Knight's Chess Men, and Zoot Money's Big Roll Band before joining the Alan Price Set, after which he joined John Mayall's Bluesbreakers in June of 1969 appearing on the albums Turning Point and Empty Rooms. He is probibly best known for his work with fellow multi-instrumentalist Jon Mark forming the Mark-Almond Band. They recruited bassist Rodger Sutton and keyboardist Tommy Eyre. The group built something of a following through touring, with their live shows often featuring lengthy instrumental jams. They recorded several albums in the early 70's. Then released To the Heart in 1976 and Other People's Rooms in 1978. Since the late '70s, Johnny has worked primarily as a session musician, but more lately in the 21st century, his solo albums from 1969-1970 have become popular in Japan and Europe (died fighting cancer) b. July 20th 1946. 2012: Eddie Munji III (57) Philipino guitarist; known as “Lakay” among his colleagues he became part of a generation of top-notch musicians who helped define the sound of contemporary Filipino music in the 1970s and ’80s. He was known for his creative arrangements of traditional Filipino folk songs as well as local pop tunes. His arrangements include ‘Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo’, ‘Panalangin’, ‘(Mahirap Magmahal ng) Syota ng Iba’, ‘Syotang Pa-Class’, ‘Lumang Tugtugin’, ‘Salawikain’ and many more (sadly died from a massive stroke) b. 1955 2012: Miliki/Emilio Aragón Bermúdez (83) Spanish clown, accordionist, and singer born in Carmona, Seville into a circus performing family. At a very young age he joined his brothers Gabriel and Alfonso to form the trio Gaby, Fofó and Miliki. They began working in the 1930s and held several seasons at the Circo Price in Madrid. In 1946, the three brothers emigrated across the Atlantic, where they remained for 26 years. They first set up shop in Cuba, where they made their first incursions into the world of television in 1949. In the following years, they stayed and performed in Mexico, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Argentina and the United States. In 1972, they returned to Spain and the following year began work on the TV program El gran circo de TVE, which made the group, now known as Los payasos de la tele, a family phenomenon in Spain. After the brothers split in 1983 Miliki launched the band Monano y su Banda, and formed a duo with his daughter Rita Irasema. They recorded several albums such as La vuelta al mundo en 30 minutos-1986, El flautista de Hamelín-1987, Vamos a marcarnos una canción-1991, ¡Superdiscoguay!-1992 and ¿Estás contento? ¡Sí señor!-1994. He also directed the film Yo quiero ser torero in 1987. He returned to television to host children's programs, with his daughter Rita. They hosted La merienda 1990-1991 and La guardería 1990-1991, both in Antena 3, and Superguay 1991-1993 in Telecinco. In 1993, they relaunched on TVE El gran circo de TVE, which lasted until 1995 (?) b. November 4th 1929. 2013: S. R. D. Vaidyanathan (84) Indian Nadhaswara player born in in Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu. Over his 60+ year and highly awarded career he has performed in Singapore, Thailand, Sri-Lanka and other countries. Many concerts were relayed by All India Radio stations and he was the top grade Vidwan list and acted as member in Audio-visual Board of AIR. (?) b. March 15th 1929. 2014: Dave Appell (92) American musician, pioneer, musical arranger and record producer born in Philadelphia; during his service in World War II, he worked as an arranger for several United States Navy big bands, including Jimmie Lunceford orchestra. After the war he arranged for dance orchestras, including Benny Carter and Earl "Fatha" Hines and he recorded on Decca Records as the Dave Appell Four, before changing the group name to the Applejacks. He and The Applejacks appeared in the 1956 Alan Freed film, "Don't Knock the Rock", which also featured Bill Haley and the Comets, Little Richard and other greats of the era. He and The Applejacks played Las Vegas, before returning to Philadelphia, where they >>> Read More <<< (?) b. March 24th 1922. 2015: Daniel Ferro/Daniel Eisen (94) American bass-baritone opera singer and vocal coach born in New York; he was known primarily as a teacher whose students have included many prominent opera singers, but he also had a career as a singer himself, both on the concert stage and in opera and musical theatre. During the 1950, he was member of the Graz Opera Company in Austria and toured with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1972, he joined the faculty of the Juilliard School, a post he held until his retirement as "vocal faculty emeritus" in 2006. In 1995 he founded the Daniel Ferro Vocal Program which takes place each summer in Greve in Chianti, Italy and remained its Artistic Director until his death. (?) b. April 10th 1921. 2015: Ron Hynes (64) Canadian folk singer-songwriter born in St. John's and raised in Ferryland. He was a founder member of The Wonderful Grand Band, one of Newfoundland's most popular performing groups, and has released 7 solo albums. He was especially known for his composition "Sonny's Dream," which has been recorded worldwide by many artists and was named the 41st greatest Canadian song of all time on the 2005 CBC Radio One series 50 Tracks:The Canadian Version. He has many honors over his long career, but most recently he was the winner of Male Solo Recording of the Year at the 2007 East Coast Music Awards, and picked up three awards at the 2006 MusicNL awards show in November 2006. The awards included Entertainer of the Year, Songwriter of the Year and Folk/Roots Artist of the Year. In August 2012, Ron performed to a sold-out crowd at the Mile One Centre in St. John's Saturday night, his last performance before undergoing cancer treatment. The concert included a reunion of his old band, The Wonderful Grand Band. In the fall of 2013, he was in remission and went back on tour, including participation in a Vinyl Cafe tour broadcast on CBC Radio.(sadly died fighting throat cancer) b. December 7th 1950. 2016: Sharon Jones aka Lafaye Jones (60) American singer born in North Augusta, South Carolina, but grew up in the Bedford Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. In 1975, she graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, after which she attended Brooklyn College. A regular gospel singer in church, Sharon got work as a session singer under the of Lafaye Jones as well as working as a corrections officer at Rikers Island and as an armored car guard for Wells Fargo Bank. Sharon found success relatively late in life, releasing her first record, "Damn It's Hot", when she was 40 years old and became the singer of Sharon Jones & the Dap-Kings. In December 2014, the band was nominated for their first Grammy, in the category Best R&B Album of the Year for 'Give the People What They Want'. Sharon had a part in the 2007 film The Great Debaters, starring Denzel Washington and Forest Whitaker, in which she played Lila, a juke joint singer. (sadly passed while battling pancreatic cancer) b. May 4th 1956. November 19 . 1828: Franz Peter Schubert (31) Austrian composer. He wrote some 600 Lieder, nine symphonies, including the famous "Unfinished Symphony", liturgical music, operas, some incidental music, and a large body of chamber and solo piano music. He is particularly noted for his original melodic and harmonic writing. (Sadly died prematurely of "typhoid fever", a diagnosis which was vague at the time; several scholars suspect the real illness was tertiary syphilis) b. January 31st 1797. 1966: Francis Craig (66) American songwriter and bandleader born in Dickson, Tenn, and studied maths and political science at Vanderbilt University. In 1922 while an under graduate he wrote "Dynamite!" which is now the official fight song of the University. Also while a student he formed the Vanderbilt Jazz Band. He had three stints on WSM radio in Nashville; his Francis Craig Orchestra played on the station in 1926-1928 and again in 1935-1939. He returned to the station in 1947 to work as a disc jockey on the program 'Featured by Francis Craig'. He also worked on WGN in Chicago, Illinois, in 1940. Among his many recordings he is noted for “Beg Your Pardon” and "Near You" which held the No.1 spot on the billboard for 12 straight weeks. Francis played lunch and dinner music at the Hermitage’s Grill Room for two decades and continued working until his death. (?) b. September 10th 1900. 1974: George Brunies (72) American jazz trombonist who came to fame in the '30s, and was part of the Dixieland revival. He was known as the "King of the Tailgate Trombone". By 8 he was already playing alto horn professionally in Papa Jack Laine's band. A few years later he switched to trombone. He played with many jazz, dance, and parade bands in New Orleans. He never learned to read music, but could quickly pick up tunes and invent a part for his instrument. Moving to Chicago in the early 20's he joined a band of his New Orleans friends playing at the Friar's Inn, this was the band that became famous as the New Orleans Rhythm Kings (?) b. February 6th 1902. 1977: William "Sonny" Criss (50) American alto saxophonist, born in Memphis and moved to Los Angeles at the age of 15. His first major break came in 1947 on a number of jam sessions arranged by jazz impresario Norman Granz. He developed his own, concise, bluesy tone and then went on to play in bands including Buddy Rich's band and Howard McGhee's, which also featured Charlie Parker and bands led by Johnny Otis, Stan Kenton and Billy Eckstine just to mention a few and as a leader he recorded 22 albums between 1947 and 1977 (sadly by 1977, Sonny had developed stomach cancer and as a consequence of this painful condition, he committed suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot) b. October 23rd 1927 1983: Tom Evans (36)English bassist, guitarist, vocals, songwriter; started his music career as a member of "The Inbeateens" in 1961, he soon progressed to a Liverpool mod/soul group called Them Calderstones. In 1967, he joined a Welsh band called The Iveys who changed their name to Badfinger and Paul McCartney of The Beatles gave the group a boost by offering them his song "Come and Get It" which he produced for the band. It became a featured track for the film The Magic Christian, which starred Ringo Starr and Peter Sellers. Other major successes in the 1970s were "No Matter What," "Day After Day," and "Baby Blue", each featured some of Toms vocals, background harmony and dual lead. Tom's high-career moment was with his composition "Without You," co-written with bandmate Peter Ham. The song became a No.1 hit worldwide for Harry Nilsson and has since become a standard in the music industry. (Tom & Joey Molland of Badfinger argued on the telephone, reportedly about the publishing royalty of the song "Without You." Following the argument, Tom sadly hanged himself in the garden at his home, in an eerie replay of fellow band mate Pete Ham's 1975 death scene) b. June 5th 1947 1992: Bobby Russell (51) American songwriter born in Nashville; he wrote hits including "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"; "Used To Be" from the film The Grasshopper; and "Little Green Apples," which won him a Song of the Year Grammy Award in 1968. He also wrote and performed a major hit in 1971 about a suburban father nursing a hangover while his children raise Cain on a Saturday morning, appropriately called "Saturday Morning Confusion." (sadly died of coronary artery disease) b. April 19th 1940. 2003: Greg Ridley (56) English bassist who played with Spooky Tooth and Humble Pie; he entered music as Dino, part of a local band called "Dino & the Danubes", and playing guitar and bass in other local bands before he and his friend Mike Harrison formed the V.I.P.s, which later became Spooky Tooth. He co-founded one of the first super-groups in 1969, Humble Pie which originally consisted of himself on bass, Steve Marriott former lead singer, songwriter and lead guitarist of Small Faces, Peter Frampton former lead singer and guitarist of The Herd, and 17 year old drummer Jerry Shirley (pneumonia) b. October 23rd 1947. 2004: Terry Melcher (62) US singer-songwriter, record producer, and managed much of his mother Doris Day's affairs. in the early 60's he and Bruce Johnston formed the vocal duet Bruce & Terry. The duo also created another band together, The Rip Chords. He had joined Columbia Records working with The Byrds he produced their song, Turn, Turn, Turn, and helped produce Mr. Tambourine Man. He later worked with Paul Revere, Wayne Newton, Frankie Laine, Jimmy Boyd, Pat Boone, Glen Campbell, Mark Lindsay and The Mamas & The Papas. He was instrumental in signing another near-legendary L.A. band, the Rising Sons led by Taj Mahal and Ry Cooder. He earned a Golden Globe nomination ... READ MORE ... (skin cancer) b. February 8th 1942 2004: George Canseco (70)Filipino song composer who wrote some of Pinoy pop music's most enduring classics; he studied liberal arts at University of the East. After which, he worked for the Philippines Herald and the Associated Press as a journalist, a scriptwriter for the Manila Broadcasting Company, and news director at Eagle Broadcasting. George began devoting himself to writing music when Martial Law broke out in 1972. He wrote for Sharon Cuneta and Basil Valdez, and his songs were recorded by Martin Nievera, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Regine Velasquez, Pilita Corrales, and Kuh Ledesma. He became president of the Filipino Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers or FILSCAP in 1973, and was elected as a councilor in the fourth district of Quezon City in 1988. George composed his last film score in 1989 for "Paano Ang Ngayon Kung Wala Nang Bukas," which starred Kring Kring Gonzales and Ronaldo Valdes (died after battling liver cancer) b. April 23rd 1934. 2007: Paul Brodie (73) Canadian saxophonist with 50 albums to his credit; co-founded the World Saxophone Congress in Chicago. In 1994, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest civilian honour, for having "shown true mastery of his art through his ability to reach all ages with his music" (died while undergoing heart surgery at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto) b. April 10th 1934. 2010: Laci/75 Cents/Ladislav Demeterffy (77) Croatian singer and accordion player; he represented Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 with the song "Romanca", calling himself 75 Cents he sang alongside the Croatian street band Kraljevi Ulice. (not yet disclosed) b. January 29th 1933. 2010: Albert "June" Gardner (79) American drummer born in New Orleans who played bebop, R&B, and traditional jazz; He studied with the influential Professor Valmont Victor and turned professional as soon as he left high school, first hitting the road with vocalist Lil Green. When he returned to New Orleans he became a regular at the now-infamous Dew Drop Inn playing with Edgar Blanchard & the Gondoliers with whom he also recorded. In his younger days, June was heavily on the rhythm and blues scene both in the studio and on tour. He played and recorded with the greats including spending nine years with Roy Brown and hitting the drums behind the legendary Sam Cooke from 1960 until the vocalist's death in 1964. It's June laying down the essential rhythm on Lee Dorsey's smash hit "Working in a Coal Mine" and also performed regularly with Dave Bartho­lomew's band. He also lead his own traditional jazz group, June Gardner & the Fellas. For seven years, he and the "Fellas" played a mix bag of material at South Claiborne Avenue's Maison's Las Vegas Strip. After that, he headed to Bourbon Street to perform at the Famous Door, La Strada and the Maison Bourbon plus he joined trumpeter Wallace Davenport at the Paddock. June was also heard on more modern stylings working with artists like saxophonist Alvin "Red" Tyler, vibraphonist Lionel Hampton and jazz/soul vocalist Lou Rawls and can be heard on his 2000 album 99 Plus One. This year, June Gardner & the Fellas opened up the Economy Hall Tent at Jazz Fest, an event he's played "since the beginning" (?) b. 1931. 2011: Ladislav "Ladi" Geisler (83) Czech guitarist and bassist, who established a high profile in the post-war German music scene. Best known for his work with pop musicians such as Bert Kaempfert, James Last and Freddy Quinn, Geisler developed the distinctive “Knack-Bass” percussive bass sound that helped popularize the Bert Kaempfert Orchestra. He later released numerous records under his own name (sadly Ladi died four days after collapsing at a club gig in Hamburg) b. November 27th 1927. 2012: Pete La Roca/Peter Sims (74) American jazz drummer, born in New York City; between 1957-68 he played with Sonny Rollins, Jackie McLean, Slide Hampton, John Coltrane Quartet, Marian McPartland, Art Farmer, Freddie Hubbard, Mose Allison, Charles Lloyd, Paul Bley, and Steve Kühn, among others, as well as leading his own group and working as the house drummer at the Jazz Workshop in Boston. During this period, he twice recorded as leader, firstly on Basra-1965 and Turkish Women at the Bath-1967, also issued as Bliss under pianist Chick Corea's name on Muse. In 1968 he left music to become a lawyer, successfully suing when his second album as leader was released under Corea's name without his consent. He returned to jazz in 1979, and recorded one new album as a leader, Swingtime on Blue Note in 1997 (sadly died while fighting lung cancer) b. April 7th 1938. 2015: Armand/Herman George van Loenhout (69) Dutch protest singer; he was a member of a few bands before releasing a solo single, "En nou ik", in 1965, which was followed by "Een van hen ben ik". His greatest hit song was "Ben ik te min"/"Am I not good enough?" which spent 14 weeks in the Dutch top 40 chart in 1967. He revived his music career in 2011, performing in rapper Ali B's TV show Ali B op volle toeren. In 2012, he began a collaboration with singer-songwriter Lucky Fonz III and Dave von Raven, and June 2015 Armand & The Kik released an album with adaptations of lesser-known Armand songs, followed by a Dutch tour (?) b. April 10th 1946. 2016: Ida Levin (53) American violinist, born in Santa Monica, she began studying the violin at the age of 3 and made her professional debut performing with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the young age of ten. She went on to performe regularly with the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, the Philadelphia Chamber Music Society, Seattle Chamber Music Society and Da Camera of Houston and performed throughout the world at such venues as the 92nd Street Y, London's Wigmore Hall, the Morgan Library, and Avery Fisher Hall to name just a few. Internationally, she performed in England, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Israel. Ida also taught at the Sander Vegh International Chamber Music Academy in Prague (sadly died battling leukemia) b. 1963 November 20 . 1973: Allan Sherman/Allan Copelon (48) American comedy singer, parodist, satirist, and TV producer; his biggest chart hit was a spoof of summer camp entitled "Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh," reaching #2 on the national Billboard Hot 100 chart for three weeks in late 1963. The lyrics were sung to the tune of one segment of Ponchielli's "Dance of the Hours". He released 10 albums, 2 best of's and a box set. In 1971 he was the voice of the Cat in the Hat from the television special. His last film before his death was Dr. Seuss on the Loose (sadly lost to emphysema) b. November 30th 1924. 1997: Robert Franklin Palmer Jr. (52) American writer, musicologist, clarinetist, saxophonist, and blues producer, born in Little Rock, Arkansas. Robert is best known for books he authored such as Deep Blues, his music journalism articles for The New York Times and Rolling Stone magazine, his work producing blues recordings and the soundtrack to the film Deep Blues. Also he is known for his clarinet work in the 1960s band The Insect Trust. A collection of his work, titled "Blues & Chaos: The Music Writing of Robert Palmer" and edited by Anthony DeCurtis, was published by Scribner in November of 2009 (sadly died from liver disease) b. June 19th 1945 1998: Roland Alphonso/The Cheif Musician (67) Jamaican tenor saxophonist; he joined the band Clue J & The Blues Blasters and backed many sessions of Coxsone Dodd in a typical Jamaican R&B style. By 1960, he was recording for many other producers such as Duke Reid, Lloyd "The Matador" Daley and King Edwards. During this period he played in different bands, such as The Alley Cats, The City Slickers, and Aubrey Adams & The Dew Droppers. In 1963, after few months spent in Nassau, Bahamas, he took part in the creation of The Studio One Orchestra, the first session band of the freshly opened recording studio of Coxsone. This band soon adopted the name of The Skatalites. He played on numerous records coming out from Jamaican studios, especially for Bunny Lee. He was awarded Officer of the Order of Distinction by the Jamaican government in 1980. The Skatalites reformed in 1983, he toured and recorded with them constantly until his death (?) b. January 12th 1931. 2004: Jenny Ross (42) English keyboardist and vocals with post-punk/techno band "Section 25" best known for their classic Techno single "Looking from a Hilltop." She was also known by her married name, Jennifer Cassidy (sadly died fighting cancer) b. 1962 2005: James King (80) American singer, widely regarded as the finest American heldentenor of the post-war period. He started singing as a baritone, as a tenor he won the American Opera Auditions in Cincinnati in 1961 and made his debut as Don Jose in Bizet's Carmen with the San Francisco Opera. He sang the French and Italian repertoire with the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1962 to 1965 and world-wide at most of the major opera houses, being a particular favorite at the Vienna State Opera, where he last appeared as Florestan in Beethoven's Fidelio, in 1997 (died from a heart attack) b. May 22nd 1925. 2005: Chris Whitley (45) US guitarist, because of his unique style of playing, he used many alternate tunings for his guitars. He appeared in the concert film documentary Hellhounds on my Trail - The Afterlife of Robert Johnson. As well as his solo work he has also recorded with Shawn Colvin, Cassandra Wilson, Rob Wasserman, Little Jimmy Scott, Mike Watt, Johnny Society, Joe Henry, Michael Shrieve, Chocolate Genius, DJ Logic, Ely Guerra, Goat, Dave Pirner (of Soul Asylum), Clint Mansell and Jeff Lang (sadly lost his fight with lung cancer) b. August 31st 1960 2007: Ernest 'Doc' Paulin (100) American jazz trumpet player with the Paulin Brass Band and played with such greats as Kid Ory, Danny Barker, Papa Celestine and Harold Dejean, to name a few. He made a great contribution to New Orleans music with his drafting of young musicians into his band. His band was featured in Always for Pleasure, an award-winning film about New Orleans culture (?) b. June 22nd 1907. 2010: Roxana Briban (39) Romanian soprano, a graduate of the Music Academy in Bucharest, Briban made her debut as a soloist with the Opera Nationala Bucuresti in 2000. She made her international debut at the Wiener Staatsoper in 2003. She went on to sing in cities such as Bucharest, Berlin and Bangkok during a 10-year-career. From 2003 until 2010, Roxana also performed at the Vienna State Opera. (sadly an apparent suicide, following a period of depression) b. 1971. 2012: Michael Dunford (68) Britishmusician born and raised in Surrey; he was guitarist and chief composer behind the UK progressive rock band, Renaissance’s sweeping, symphonic progressive rock. His first job was selling clothing in a local shop followed by a stint as an airside driver at Heathrow Airport which enabled him to form a "skiffle" group which lead to his first rock band called Nashville Teens in the early 1960s. Nashville Teens reached No.6 on U.K. singles charts with their version of Tobacco Road. On leaving them, he formed several other bands including The Pentad and The Plebes. One night he went to see the original band Renaissance perform locally and ended up joining them in the early 1970s. The original band members were Jim McCarty, Louis Cennamo, John Hawken, Keith Relf and Jane Relf. Michael and vocalist Annie Haslam took over Renaissance in 1971 and soon had established the group as a world class recording and touring act, selling out venues like New York's Carnegie Hall and The Royal Albert Hall in London. The band are most notable for their 1978 UK top 10 hit "Northern Lights" and progressive rock classics like "Carpet of the Sun", "Mother Russia", and "Ashes Are Burning". This autumn Michael and the band completed recording their first new studio album in 12 years. Grandine il Vento. All the music on the new album except for one track was composed and arranged by Michael and features him on acoustic guitars and backing vocals (Michael had just returned home from the first leg of the band's North American tour, but suffered a massive Instantaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage while at home. He tragically died later in hospital) b.1944. 2012: Flora Martirosyan (55) Armenian singer, as a young singer she took part in Garoun 73 song contest and won the 1st place among 800 participants. Later, as a soloist at a state folk orchestra she toured over 70 countries while also studying at Yerevan State Conservatory after Komitas. In 1991, Flora left for USA with her husband, to return to Armenia a few years later. From 1997 to 2001, she headed a Yerevan-based Music School after Armen Tigranyan in Yerevan. In 2002, she established an International Music Academy after Komitas in USA.In 2006, she initiated A Pan-Armenian Song Contest Festival. Then in 2008, Flora, jointly created international organization Artist for Peace with Michael Stone to raise awareness of crimes against humanity. In 2011, she initiated the Never Again peace concert featured world-famed artists Stevie Wonder, Chaka Khan, Eric Benet, Pras, Malina Moyem united in a cause against injustice. (sadly died of complications following gall bladder surgery) b. February 5th 1957. 2014: Arthur Butterworth MBE (91) English composer and conductor born in Manchester; he studied composition at the Royal Manchester College of Music, where he also learned the trumpet and conducting. He played trumpet in the (Royal) Scottish National Orchestra from 1949–55 and in the Hallé from 1955–62. He also played as a freelance until 1963, when he began to teach at the Huddersfield School of Music, which he combined with composing and conducting. His vast repertoire of works include 7 symphonies and a selection of his orchestral and chamber works have been released on the Dutton Epoch Label. He was made an MBE in 1995. (?) b. August 4th 1923. 2015: Nguyen-Thien Dao (75) Vietnamese-French composer of contemporary classical music. He was born in Hanoi, French Indochina and at aged 13 moved to Paris, France in 1953, where he studied composition with Olivier Messiaen. In 1974 he received the Prix Olivier Messiaen for composition awarded by the Fondation Erasmus in the Netherlands and the Prix André Caplet in 1984. More than 80 of his works in a variety of kinds including solo, symphony, and opera were performed in many countries. He was also named in the famous France’s Le petit Larousse and Le Petit Robert dictionaries in 1982 and 1995 respectively, as well as received numerous noble titles granted by France and Vietnam. (sadly died fighting liver cancer) b. July 3rd 1940. 2016: Hod O'Brien/Walter Howard O'Brien (80) American jazz pianist, born in Chicagoand began playing professionally in 1950. He led his own group in Lenox, Massachusetts during 1956–57, then joined Oscar Pettiford in 1957–58, and J.R. Monterose/Elvin Jones in 1958–59. Between 1960 and 1963 he played with Phil Woods, Freddie Hubbard, Charlie Rouse, and Lee Konitz. In 1964 he enrolled at Columbia University,after which he took a position in computer programming at New York University during 1969–74, and studied computer music. Hod ran the St. James Infirmary jazz club in New York City in 1974–75 and played in the house band alongside Beaver Harris and Cameron Brown; this group accompanied Roswell Rudd, Sheila Jordan, Chet Baker, Zoot Sims, Al Cohn, Pepper Adams, and Archie Shepp, among others. He also played with Marshall Brown in 1975, Russell Procope and Sonny Greer-1977, Joe Puma from 1977–82, and Stephanie Nakasian in 1982, as well as teaching at Turtle Bay Music School 1972–75, and in the 1990s at the University of Virginia. (sadly Hod died battling cancer) b. January 19th 1936. November 21 . 1953: Lawrence James "Larry" Shields (60) American jazz clarinetist; born in Uptown, New Orleans, he started playing clarinet at 14 years old and played with Papa Jack Laine's bands. He was one of the early New Orleans musicians to go to Chicago, first heading north in the summer of 1915 to join Bert Kelly's band, then with Tom Brown's band. He joined the Original Dixieland Jass Band in November of 1916. The following year that band made the first jazz phonograph records, propelling Larry's playing to national prominence. Relocating to New York in 1921, he played with Paul Whiteman and various other bands in New York City, before moving to Los Angeles, California where he stayed throughout the 1920s, leading his own band and appearing in some Hollywood films. In the 1930s Larry returned to Chicago and joined the reformed Original Dixieland Jazz Band. He then worked for a while at "Nick's" in New York before returning to play in New Orleans and later in California (?) b. September 13th 1893. 1974: Frank Martin (84) Swiss composer who lived a large part of his life in the Netherlands; The Petite Symphonie Concertante is the best known of his orchestral works, as the early Mass is of his choral compositions and the Jedermann monologues, for baritone and piano or orchestra, of his works for solo voice. Other of his pieces include a full-scale symphony, two piano concertos, a harpsichord concerto, a violin concerto, a cello concerto, a concerto for seven wind instruments, and a series of six one-movement works he called "ballades" for various solo instruments with piano or orchestra and a dozen major scores for the operatic theatre. He worked on his last cantata, Et la vie l'emporta, until ten days before his death (?) b. September 15th 1890. 1992: Severino Gazzelloni (73) Italian flute player born in Roccasecca, Severinowas the principle flautist in the RAI orchestra for 30 years and dedicatee of many works. Composers including Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez, Bruno Maderna and Igor Stravinsky wrote pieces for him. He was also a flute teacher, the jazz player Eric Dolphy and classical flautist Abbie de Quant are among his pupils. Dolphy honored Severino by naming a composition for him which he included in his 1964 Out to Lunch! album (died in Cassino) b. January 5th 1919. 1995: Peter Grant (60) English music manager born in the south London suburb of South Norwood, Surrey. He managed the popular English bands The Yardbirds, Led Zeppelin and Bad Company, amongst others, and was also a record executive for Swan Song Records. Peter has been described as "one of the shrewdest and most ruthless managers in rock history". He is widely credited with improving pay and conditions for musicians in dealings with concert promoters. He began work as an entertainment manager at a hotel in Jersey before being employed as a bouncer and doorman at London's famous The 2i's Coffee Bar. In 1963, Peter was hired by promoter Don Arden to act as the British tour manager for artists such as Bo Diddley, The Everly Brothers, Little Richard, Brian Hyland, Chuck Berry, Eddie Cochran, Gene Vincent, and The Animals. By 1964, he had started to manage his own acts including The Nashville Teens, She Trinity, The New Vaudeville Band, Jeff Beck, Terry Reid, and Stone the Crows. After the official breakup of Led Zeppelin in 1980, and the subsequent folding of the Swan Song label in 1983, he virtually retired from the music business to his private estate in Hellingly. This is the house that is featured at the beginning of the film The Song Remains the Same. Peter later became a keynote speaker at music management conferences such as In The City, where he was lauded by latter-day peers (heart attack) b. April 5th 1935. 1995: Matthew Ashman (35) English guitarist, born and raised in Mill Hill, London, and attended school alongside Boz Boorer. He was influenced by jazz while learning guitar, and joined his first band, Staffix, after learning Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Freebird". He then performed in the band The Kameras, before joining Adam and the Ants in June of 1978, playing guitar and singing backing vocals. He also played guitar for the band Bow Wow Wow (complications caused by diabetes) b. November 3rd 1960. 2001: Norman Granz (83) American jazz music impresario and producer, born in LA. He was the founder of five record labels: Clef, Norgran, Down Home, Verve and Pablo. Many of the names that made history in jazz signed with one of Norman Granz's labels, including Cannonball Adderley, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Louie Bellson, Ray Brown, Benny Carter, Buck Clayton, Paulinho Da Costa, Buddy DeFranco, Roy Eldridge, Duke Ellington, Herb Ellis, Tal Farlow, Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Lionel Hampton, Bill Harris, Coleman Hawkins, Johnny Hodges, Billie Holiday, Milt Jackson, Illinois Jacquet, Hank Jones, Barney Kessel, Gene Krupa, Ken Kersey, Charlie Parker, Joe Pass, Oscar Peterson, Flip Phillips, Bud Powell, Buddy Rich, Charlie Shavers, Sonny Stitt, Slim Gaillard, Art Tatum, Ben Webster and Lester Young. He always fought for the music he believed in, having a love for freewheeling jam sessions, for his artists and against racism, forcing many hotels and concert venues to become integrated in the 1940s and '50s. (died in Geneva, Switzerland) b. August 6th 1918. 2002: Hadda Brooks/Hadda Hapgood (86) US jazz singer, pianist, composer raised in the Boyle Heights area of Los Angeles; encouraged by orchestra leader Charlie Barnet, she practiced singing "You Won't Let Me Go," and the song became her first vocal recording in 1947. She also played the small part of a lounge piano player in films, and often sang the title song. "Out of the Blue" became a top hit for Brooks, "Boogie Woogie Blues" followed in 1948, and she appeared in In a Lonely Placein 1950, starring Humphrey Bogart, and in The Bad and the Beautiful in 1952 with Lana Turner and Kirk Douglas. Other hits include "Swingin' the Boogie", "That's My Desire", "Romance in the Dark", "Don't Take Your Love From Me", "Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere", "You Won't Go". Hadda became the first African-American woman to host her own television show in 1957. The Hadda Brooks Show. She continued singing well into her 80's, celebrating her 80th birthday by performing two full shows at Depp's Viper Room, and in 2000, the Los Angeles Music Awards honored Hadda Brooks with the Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2007, a 72-minute documentary, Queen of the Boogie, directed by Austin Young & Barry Pett, was presented at the Los Angeles Silver Lake Film Festival (sadly died following open-heart surgery) b. October 29th 1916. 2006: Robert Lockwood Jr (91) American blues guitarist born in Helena, Arkansas; he started playing the organ in his father's church at the age of 8. The famous bluesman Robert Johnson lived with his mother for 10 years off and on after his parents' divorce. He learned from Johnson not only how to play guitar, but timing and stage presence as well. Robert played with Sonny Boy Williamson II, Howlin' Wolf and others in the Mississippi area in 1937-39. From 1939-40 he split his time playing in St. Louis, Missouri, Chicago, Illinois and Helena. In 1950 he settled in Chicago and in '54 he replaced Louis Myers as guitarist in Little Walter's band, and played on Walter's No.1 hit "My Babe" in 1955. After which in the late '50s he recorded several sessions with Sonny Boy Williamson II for Chess Records, sessions which also included Willie Dixon and Otis Spann, and also performed and/or recorded with Sunnyland Slim, Eddie Boyd, and Muddy Waters among many others. In 2004, Robert appeared at Eric Clapton's first Crossroads Guitar Festival in Dallas, Texas, where a live recording of Robert Lockwood, Jr. Henry James Townsend, Joe Willie "Pinetop" Perkins, and David Honeyboy Edwards, and "Last of the Great Mississippi Delta Bluesmen: Live In Dallas" album was the result, the four blues legends were aged from 89 to 94 years old. The album was awarded a Grammy for Best Traditional Blues Album in 2008, the first Grammy win for the musicians (sadly died having earlier suffered a cerebral aneurysm and a stroke) b. March 27th 1915. 2009: Allen Shelton (73) American banjo player, born in Reidsville, North Carolina. In the 1950s, he performed together with Hack Johnson and the Tennesseans, and later, with Jim Eanes and Mac Wiseman. He joined Jim & Jesse and the Virginia Boys, and began recording for Columbia Records on December 7, 1960. In 1966, Jim & Jesse had an offer to record with the Nashville Symphony and Allen left the band in protest and retired from music business. About ten years later he found himself once more on the road with Jim & Jesse and making more records. He made his first solo album on Rounder Records in 1976. (sadly died of leukemia) b. July 2nd 1936. 2010: Almeida Prado (67) Brazilian composer and pianist; born in Santos, São Paulo, he wrote over 400 compositions and won various prizes for his work. After winning 1st prize for his cantata Pequenos Funerais Cantantes at the I Festival de Música da Guanabara in 1969, he continued his studies in Paris from 1970 to 1973, besides brief studies with György Ligeti and Lukas Foss in Darmstadt. Returning to Brazil in 1974, Almeida first taught at the Conservatório Municipal de Cubatão, and then, hired by Zeferino Vaz, he became a professor at the UNICAMP Institute of the Arts, retiring in 2000. In January 2007, his cantata Hiléia, Um Mural da Amazônia, was performed at Carnegie Hall by the Orquestra Bachiana Filarmônica de São Paulo conducted by João Carlos Martins. (sadly died from the lung desease pulmonary edema) b. February 8th 1943. 2011: Paul Yandell (76) American country music finger style and thumbpicker guitarist; born in Mayfield, Kentucky, he moved to Nashville in 1955 where he started his professional career recording and touring with the Louvin Brothers. After serving in the Army, he spent the 1960s performing and recording with Kitty Wells and with Jerry Reed in the early 70, after which he served as Chet Atkins' primary sideman from 1975 until Atkins' death in 2001. As a session musician, he also recorded with Dolly Parton, George Strait, Hank Thompson, the Everly Brothers, Mary Chapin Carpenter, Perry Como, Roger Whitaker, Les Paul, Woody Herman and so many others. Following Atkins' death, Paul recorded five solo albums and performed in Nashville with Steve Wariner in 2009 when Atkins was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame. (The cause of his death is not yet public, but in recent years, he was in declining health) b. September 5th 1935. 2012: Austin Peralta (22) American jazz pianist and composer born in L.A.; at the age of 13 he won the Shelly Manne New Talent Award given by the Los Angeles Jazz Society in 2003. At aged 15, he was a featured performer at the 2006 Tokyo Jazz Festival, appearing with his own trio, and performing live with major jazz and jazz fusion stars Chick Corea, Hank Jones, Sadao Watanabe, John Patitucci and Omar Hakim. In 2006, aged 16, he recorded two albums for Sony Music: "Maiden Voyage" and "Mantra". Austin composed and performed the score for the remastered documentary feature What Happened to Kerouac?-2012 and appeared on the track "DMT Song" on Flying Lotus' album Until the Quiet Comes-2012. He also contributed to the original soundtrack of his father's documentary film Riding Giants with a piano solo. Before his death, Austin was performing regularly with Allan Holdsworth and Virgil Donati. (no cause of death has been given) b. October 25th 1990. 2014: Wang Kun (89) Chinese opera singer, actress, musical director, and teacher specializing in revolutionary repertoire, born in 1925 in Tang County, Hebei province. She was most famous for her leading role in the opera The White Haired Girl, and her interpretations of songs such as "Nanniwan". Although she mainly sang revolutionary songs herself, Wang was an ardent supporter of popular music in the early 1980s, when such music was the target of heavy criticism in the wake of the Cultural Revolution. (?) b. 1925. 2016: Blakdyak/Joseph Formoran Amoto (46) Filipino reggae artist and comedian born in Olongapo City, Zambales. He found fame in the '90s with hits, such as "Modelong Charing," "Noon At Ngayon," and "Asin At Paminta". He also starred in several comedies such as "S2pid Luv" and "Weyt a Minut Kapeng Mainit" (tragically Blakdyak was found dead inside his condominium unit in Sampaloc, Manila, with a plastic bag wrapped around his head, police are investigating) b. 1970? November 22 . 1900: Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (58) English composer born in London; he composed his first anthem at aged 8 and was selected as soloist in the boys' choir of the Chapel Royal. Choirmaster Reverend Thomas Helmore, arranged for the publication and performance of his early compositions. In 1856, the Royal Academy of Music awarded the first Mendelssohn Scholarship to the 14 year old Sullivan, allowing him to study first at the Academy and then in Germany, at the Leipzig Conservatoire. He is best known for his series of 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including such enduring works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado. Arthur composed 23 operas, 13 major orchestral works, eight choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous hymns and other church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces. The best known of his hymns and songs include "Onward Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord". His unfinished opera, The Emerald Isle, was completed by Edward German and produced in 1901 and his Te Deum Laudamus, written to commemorate the end of the Boer War, was performed posthumously (sadly Arthur died of heart failure, following an attack of bronchitis)b. May 13th 1842 1943: Lorenz "Larry" Hart (48) American lyricist in Harlem, New York and attended Columbia University, where a friend introduced him to Richard Rodgers, and the two joined forces to write songs for a series of amateur and student productions. In 1919, the team's song "Any Old Place With You" was included in the Broadway musical comedy A Lonely Romeo. The great success of their score for the 1925 Theatre Guild production, The Garrick Gaieties, brought them great acclaim. They continued working together until Hart's death. Some other of his more famous lyrics include, "Blue Moon", "Isn't It Romantic?", "Mountain Greenery", "The Lady Is a Tramp", "Manhattan", "Where or When", "Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered", "Falling in Love with Love", "I'll Tell The Man In The Street" and "My Funny Valentine". Rodgers and Hart's final collaboration was in the fall of 1943 for a revival of A Connecticut Yankee. Five days after this show opened, Larry died in New York City (pneumonia from exposure. Larry sadly struggled with emotional turmoil about his sexuality and battled with alcoholism, which contributed to his death) b. May 2nd 1895. 1986: Benjamin Sherman "Scatman" Crothers (76) American actor, singer, dancer and multi-musician; born in Terre Haute, Indiana, he was known for his work as Louie the Garbage Man on the TV show Chico and the Man, and as Dick Hallorann in The Shining in 1980. He was also a prolific voiceover artist, and provided the voices of Jazz the Autobot in The Transformers, the title character in Hong Kong Phooey, Meadowlark Lemon in the animated TV version of The Harlem Globetrotters, and Scat Cat in the 1970 film The Aristocats. He performed on piano and drums in several bands, most notably with bandleader Slim Gaillard and was part of the music group The Ramparts who sang Bob Dylan's "The Death of Emmett Till". He also sang and played guitar, recording several solo albums and singles (sadly died of pneumonia while bravely battling lung and throat cancer) b. May 23rd 1910. 1994: Forrest Fred White (74) American musical instruments industry executive, best known for his association with Fender Musical Instruments Corporation. He began working at Fender on 20 May 1954, eventually becoming its Vice President. Leo Fender named a line of student amplifiers and steel guitars after him in 1955. He remained with the company until December 1966. He was also a partner with Fender in the Music Man company after both men left Fender (?) b. May 21st 1920. 1997: Michael Hutchence (37) Australian singer-songwriter, most famous for his work with rock band INXS; raised primarily in Hong Kong, at the age of eight he made his professional debut singing in a commercial for an area toy company. He gained a reputation as a enigmatic, sensual frontman, although his close friends and family always maintained he was much more introverted than his on stage persona. A talented lyricist, he co-wrote almost all of INXS' songs with Andrew Farriss, who has attributed his own success as a songwriter to Hutchence's 'genius.' (His naked body was found behind the door to his room. He had apparently hanged himself with his own belt and the buckle has broken away and his body was found kneeling on the floor, facing the door) b. January 22nd 1960. 2001: Norman Granz (83) American jazz impresario and producer born in LA; he first emerged into the public view when he organised desegregated jam sessions at the Trouville Club, which he later expanded when he staged a memorable concert at the Philharmonic Auditorium in LA on July 2, 1944, headed of "Jazz at the Philharmonic". After several JATP concerts in Los Angeles, He began producing JATP concert tours, in USA and Canada, from late fall/winter of 1945-46 to 1957, and from 1952 in Europe, these all featured Swing and Bop musicians. Norman was a fundamental figure in American jazz, especially from about 1947-60. He was the founder of five record labels: Clef, Norgran, Down Home, Verve and Pablo. His recording artists included including Cannonball Adderley, Benny Carter, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, Louie Bellson, Ray Brown, Buck Clayton, Paulinho Da Costa, Duke Ellington, Buddy DeFranco, Roy Eldridge, Herb Ellis, Tal Farlow, Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, Lionel Hampton, Bill Harris, Coleman Hawkins, Johnny Hodges, Billie Holiday, Milt Jackson, Illinois Jacquet, Hank Jones, Barney Kessel, Gene Krupa, Ken Kersey, Charlie Parker, Joe Pass, Oscar Peterson, Flip Phillips, Bud Powell, Buddy Rich, Charlie Shavers, Sonny Stitt, Slim Gaillard, Art Tatum, Ben Webster, Lester Young and more. Norman is also much remembered for his notable anti-racist position and for the battles he consequently fought for his artists, many of whom were black, in times and places where skin colour was the cause of vile and open discrimination. (?) b. August 6th 1918. 2008: MC Breed/Eric Breed (36) American rapper; a Flint, Michigan-based rapper best known for his singles "Ain't No Future in Yo Frontin", which peaked at No.66 on the Billboard Hot 100, and "Gotta Get Mine", featuring 2Pac, that made it to #6 on the Hot Rap Singles (sadly died of kidney failure) b. 1972 2009: Haydain Neale (39) Canadian singer-songwriter, from Hamilton, and the lead singer of the award winning band, Jacksoul. Jacksoul was one of Canada’s most successful contemporary soul groups, with a string of hits that included 'Can’t Stop' and 'Still Believe in Love'. The group won the Juno Award for R&B/soul recording of the year twice, in 2001 and 2007. Haydain, whose vocal style was compared to Seal, also received an Urban Music Award for songwriter of the year in 2004 and a SOCAN award in 2005, and was named president of the Songwriters Association of Canada in 2006. Haydain has only just recovered after in August 2007, a car collided with his Vespa scooter, leaving him in a coma with head injuries. After a long and slow recovery and bravely battling cancer, he just managed to finish their new album, Soulmate, co-produced by himself and Ron Lopata, the album he started almost three years ago, will be released by Sony Music Canada on December 1st. It contains 10 new songs written before singer Haydain Neal's accident. (lung cancer) b. September 3rd 1970. 2010: Hukamati Makoto (64) Japanese composer, arranger, pianist and synthesizer player; since his debut in 1971, he has produced numerous original albums and performed with his own bands. In the late '70s, he invited New York based studio musicians such as Steve Gadd, the Brecker Brothers and Mike Mainieri to Japan and they held live performances together at various venues. His album "Jun Fukamachi & the New York All Stars/Live" was re-released in 2002. In 1989, he became a Professor of the Department Music at Senzoku Gakuen College and was charge of establishing Japan's first course specializing in music synthesis. In '96 he left the university and resumed his career as a musician. His recent live performances were mainly based on piano improvisation, exploring the possibilities of creating music of the Japanese origin for the world's audience (?) b. ???? 2011: Paul Motian (80) American jazz drummer, percussionist and composer born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and raised in Providence, Rhode Island. After playing guitar in his childhood, he began playing the drums at age 12, and during the Korean War he joined the Navy. Paul became a professional musician in 1954, and briefly played with pianist Thelonious Monk, before coming to prominence in the late 1950s in the piano trio of Bill Evans. He later led several groups recording over 36 albums as a leader. Paul played an important role in freeing the drummer from strict time-keeping duties (sadly Paul died of complications from myelodysplastic syndrome) b. March 25th 1931. 2011: Sena Jurinac (90) Austrian opera singer, born in Travnik, Bosnia-Herzegovina, she studied at the Zagreb Academy of Music, and also with Milka Kostrencic. Her dark, forceful voice was pitched exactly between soprano and mezzo. Her repertoire included Butterfly, Elisabetta (Don Carlos), Desdemona (Otello), Elisabeth (Tannhäuser), Ilia, Iphigenia, Jenufa, Leonora (La forza del destino), the Composer (Ariadne auf Naxos), Marie (Wozzeck), Pamina (The Magic Flute), Poppea, and Tosca. In many operas her repertoire included more than one major role and also played supporting roles in The Ring of the Nibelung: Woglinde, Gutrune, and several of the Norns. Her final operatic performance was as the Marschallin at the Vienna State Opera in November 1982 (?) b. October 24th 1921. 2011: Hans Reichel (62) German guitarist, and inventor of the daxophone; born in Hagen, he began to teach himself violin at age 7, around age 15, he began to play guitar inspired by The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and later, Frank Zappa, Cream, and Jimi Hendrix. He played in various local bands, before playing his own solo material, his first release being Wichlinghauser Blues in 1973. As well as his many solo works he recorded duets with a wide variety of musicians, including accordionist Rüdiger Carl, cellist Tom Cora, percussionist EROC, and a number of guitarists including Kazuhisa Uchihashi and Fred Frith. He was also a member of the September Band, as well as performing with larger ensembles led by the likes of saxophonist Thomas Borgmann and Butch Morris, an avante-garde conductor. Hans constructed and built several variations of guitars and basses, most of them featuring multiple fretboards and unique positioning of pickups and 3rd Bridges. His Daxophone is a single wooden blade fixed in a block containing a contact microphone, which is played mostly with a bow (?) b. May 10th 1949. 2011: Himie Voxman (99) American musician, music pedagogue and administrator and composer who produced volumes of compositions and pedagogical literature for wind instruments. He is recognized as one of the most influential American music educators of the last century. Although he was originally trained as a chemical engineer, he devoted his life to woodwind music and education. He joined the University of Iowa School of Music in 1939, and became Director in 1954, holding that position until his retirement in 1980. Professor Voxman stayed an active teacher and played first clarinet in the Iowa City Concert Band till well in his ninties. He is the author of numerous musical compilations, reviews and books and has many honours and awards (?) b. September 17th 1912. 2012: Peter Bennett/ Pietro Benedetto (77) American self made musical promoter, born in The Bronx, New York. Following the death of Brian Epstein in 1967, he was hired as promotional manager for The Beatles and Apple Corps. His first promotion was "Hey Jude", followed by the White Album, Yellow Submarine, Abbey Road and Let It Be. After the band's breakup, he became the promotion manager for each of the four Beatles individually: John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, as well as the original drummer Pete Best and numerous other stars. Cited by Billboard Magazine as the man who "made unknowns into stars and stars into superstars", he has the distinction of being the only promotions manager to work simultaneously with the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Elvis, Bob Dylan, Frank Sinatra and Tony Bennett. September 21, 22 and 23, 2007 he participated in the first annual Orillia Beatles Festival speaking about his involvement with the Beatles and little-known facts. Also at this event was Paul Saltzman, photographer of the Beatles in India with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (?) b. May 10th 1935. 2014: Claire Barry/Clara Bagelman (94) American singer born in the Bronx, New York. She and her sister Minnie began singing in Yiddish, as The Bagelman Sisters and made their first recordings with Victor Records in the late 1930s. When Dick Manning started his "Yiddish Melodies in Swing" radio program on New York's WHN, the sisters changed of their stage name the Barry Sisters before joining the show. They stayed with the show from 1937 to the mid 50s. They also toured with Mickey Katz. During the height of their popularity, made appearances on the Ed Sullivan and Jack Paar shows and were one of the few American acts to tour the Soviet Union in 1959. The sisters also entertained Israeli troops during the Yom Kippur War (?) b. 1920. 2015: Joseph Silverstein (83) American violinist and conductor, born in Detroit. In 1959, he won a silver medal at the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition and in 1960 was awarded Naumburg Award from the Walter W. Naumburg Foundation and n 1962, he became concertmaster of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, a position he held for 22 years. He was music director of the Utah Symphony from 1983 to 1998. He served as acting music director of the Florida Philharmonic Orchestra in 2001 until the orchestra's demise in 2003 and was the artistic advisor to the Portland Symphony Orchestra in 2007-2008 season. (sadly died from a heart attack) b. March 21st 1932. 2016: Craig Gill (44) English rock drummer; born in Salford he was founding member of the Oldham based indie band, Inspiral Carpets formed in 1983. The band preceded and was also a part of the late 1980s and early 1990s Madchester movement. Their sound was characterised by the use of organ playing and distorted guitars. Their debut album "Life" reached No.2 in the UK charts in 1990, they released their last album 'Inspiral Carpets' in 2014. Craig also ran musical tours of the Manchester area, explaining landmarks relating to the Madchester scene and Manchester's musical heritage and published a book, The Manchester Musical History Tour. While the band was on hiatus from 1995 Craig ran a record stall at Affleck's Palace, as well as forming a new band, Hustler who eventually changed their name to 'Proud Mary', until Inspiral Carpets re-formed in 2003. (?) b. December 5th 1971 November 23 . 1979: Judee Sill (35) American pianist, guitarist, singer-songwriter born in Oakland, California; she rebelled against her mother's remarrage to animator Ken Muse, eventually turning to petty crime and serving time in the early 60s. Around this time she became a heroin addict, eventually kicking the habit as she started to pursue a musical career. Her song "Lady-O" became a hit for the Turtles in 1969, and she caught the attention of David Crosby and Graham Nash, and playing with them as an opening act. She was signed to David Geffen's Asylum Records, and became part of the "Laurel Canyon Sound" made famous by Joni Mitchell and Carole King. Two albums, Judde Still in 1971 and Heart Food in 1972 were critically acclaimed, with a song from the first, "Jesus Was a Cross-Maker" getting her airplay and being covered by the Hollies. She also recorded demos for a third album in 1974, which were released with other rarities on the 2005 two-disc collection Dreams Come True. Many of her songs reflected her interests in Christian spirituality and metaphysics. After a series of car accidents and back surgery which left her in constant physical pain, she struggled with drug addiction and dropped out of the music scene (heroin & cocaine drug overdose) b. October 7th 1944. 1979: Henry Coker (59)American jazz trombonist born in Dallas; his professional debut with John White in 1935. From 1937 to 1939 he played with Nat Towles's territory band, then moved to Hawaii to play with Monk McFay. After Pearl Harbor he returned to California, playing with Benny Carter, Illinois Jacquet, Eddie Heywood, and played in early, groundbreaking sessions by giants such as Charles Mingus in the late '40s and Sonny Rollins and R&B groups such as Johnny Otis and Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson and Charles Mingus. He fell ill from 1949-1951, but after his recovery he worked with Sonny Rollins,Tony Bennett, Sarah Vaughan and then joined Count Basie's band, playing and recording with him from 1952 to 1963. He toured with Ray Charles from 1966 to 1971. He did freelance and film/television studio work in the mid-1970s, rejoining Basie briefly in 1973 and Charles in 1976. Henry also appears on J.J. Johnson's Trombones Incorporated session, featuring ten trombonistsand bandleader Osie Johnson immortalized the trombonist with the solo feature tune "Cokernut Tree" (?) b. December 24th 1919. 1992: Roy Acuff (89) US country singer, fiddleplayer, and songwriter, the first living artist elected to the Country Music Hall Of Fame in 1962. Born in Maynardville, Tennessee, he was called the King of Country Music, and for more than 60 years he lived up to that title. Throughout his career, he was a champion for traditional country values, enforcing his beliefs as a performer, a music publisher, and as the Grand Master of the Grand Ole Opry. Roy was the first country music superstar after the death of Jimmie Rodgers, pioneering an influential vocal style that complemented the spare, simple songs he was performing. Generations of artists, from Hank Williams to George Jones, have been influenced by him, and countless others have paid respect to him. At the time of his death in 1992, he was still actively involved in the Grand Ole Opry, and was as popular as ever. Over his long career he released 43 albums with many hit singles including "The Prodigal Son", "I'll Forgive You But I Can't Forget", "Write Me Sweetheart", "(Our Own) Jole Blon", "The Waltz of the Wind", "This World Can't Stand Long", "Tennessee Waltz", "A Sinner's Death", and "Once More". In 1991, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts, and given a lifetime achievement award by the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. (Roy died in Nashville from congestive heart failure) b. September 15th 1903. 1994: Tommy Boyce (55) American songwriter, born in Phoenix, Arizona he was one half of Boyce & Hart, well known for The Monkees songs. Tommy's first success the song "Be My Guest" he wrote for Fats Domino, the song hit No.8 in the US and No.11 in the UK. He met Bobby Hart in 1959, their breakthrough was with Chubby Checker, "Lazy Elsie Molly", in 1964. They went on to write hits for Jay & the Americans-"Come a Little Bit Closer", Paul Revere & the Raiders-"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" and The Leaves-"Words". The duo also wrote the theme song to the daytime soap Days of Our Lives. In late 1965, they wrote, produced and performed the soundtrack to the pilot of The Monkees and several of theirhits. Boyce and Hart embarked on a successful career as recording artists in their own right, releasing three albums on A&M Records: Test Patterns, I Wonder What She's Doing Tonight, and It's All Happening on the Inside. The duo also had five charting singles; the most well-known of these was "I Wonder What She's Doing Tonight, in early 1968, selling over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Boyce and Hart wrote in excess of 300 songs and sold more than 42 million records as a partnership (he struggled with depression, and suffering a brain aneurysm, he sadly shot himself) b. September 29th 1939. 1995: Junior Walker/ Autry DeWalt II / Autry De Walt Mixon (64) American singer, saxophonist; he formed his own band the 'Jumping Jacks' when he was only 14 years old. His friend, drummer Billy Nix, started his own group the 'Rhythm Rockers', now and again, the 2 musicians would play in each others bands. Billy aquired a regular gig at a local TV station in South Bend, Indiana, and asked Junoir to join him and his keyboardist, Fred Patton permanently. Shortly after, local singer Willie Woods joined the group. When Billy got drafted into the US Army, Jr.Walker, Fred and Willie moved to Battle Creek, Michigan, where they were joined by drummer Tony Washington and soon Victor Thomas replaced Fred on piano. This new line up called themseves the 'All Stars'. Junior got his big break in 1961, when Johnny Bristol saw the band he recommended them to Harvey Fuqua, who signed them to his record label and changed their name to Junior Walker & the All Stars. When Harvey's labels were taken over by Motown's Berry Gordy, Jr. Walker & The All Stars became members of the Motown Records family, recording on Motown's Soul label. In 1966, Billy "Stix" Nicks once again met up with Junior, and joined band. Their first and signature hit was "Shotgun", written by Junior, it reached No.4 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No. 1 on the R&B chart in 1965, and was followed by many other hits, such as "I'm a Road Runner", "Pucker Up Buttercup", "Shake and Fingerpop", "Come See About Me", and "What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)?". In 1979, Junior Walker went solo and was signed to Norman Whitfield's.. Whitfield Records label. He also played the sax on the group Foreigner's "Urgent" in 1981. In 1983, Junior re-signed with Motown and was inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1995, a few months before he died. Junior's song, "Shotgun", was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 (Junior sadly died after his battle with cancer) b. June 14th 1931. 1996: Art Porter Jr (35) American jazz saxophonist and son of jazz musician Art Porter, Sr; born in Little Rock, Arkansas, at the age of 9 he joined his father's band as a drummer and played with them into his teenage years. Art Porter Sr. helped Bill Clinton pass legislation that would allow a minor to play in a night club if a parent or guardian was present. This became known as the Art Porter Bill. In the mid 80s young Art moved to Chicago, and studied tenor saxophone with Von Freeman and performed with Pharoah Sanders and Jack McDuff. During the 90s he developed an interest in R&B and hip hop and merged elements of these into his performances. Soon after this, Art s produced several albums, beginning in the summer of 1992 with Pocket City, followed by Straight to the Point, Undercover and finally Lay Your Hands On Me. These albums were known as by people wanting their "smooth jazz" not too smooth. Art and his father performed for President Clinton during his 1993 inauguration, playing Amazing Grace at a prayer breakfast (drowned in a tragic accident on the Kratha Taek reservoir in Sai Yok, Thailand, when the boat he was on sprang a leach & sank) b. August 3rd 1961. 2001: O.C. Smith/Ocie Lee Smith (69) American singer born in Mansfield, Louisiana, but moved with his parents to Little Rock, Arkansas, then with his mother to LA, California. His first break as a singer with Sy Oliver after which he released his debut single, a cover of the Little Richard hit "Tutti Frutti" in December 1955. In 1961, he was recruited by Count Basie, a position he held until 1965. In 1968, he entered the charts for the first time with "Son of Hickory Holler's Tramp", which reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart and broke the Top 40 in the US. His "Little Green Apples," which went to No.2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received a gold record from the R.I.A.A. for sales of one million records. He continued to record, reaching the R&B, Adult Contemporary and pop charts in his home country with the likes of "Daddy's Little Man", "Friend, Lover, Woman, Wife", "Me and You" and "Love To Burn". He also returned to the UK Singles Chart in 1977 with "Together", reaching a Top 30 position. He became Dr. O.C. Smith, pastor of the City of Angels Science of Mind Centre in LA and he continued to preach until his death (sadly died of a heart attack) b. June 21st 1932. 2005: Chris Whitley (45) American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist born in Houston; he learned to play guitar at 15 and spent the early 1980s busking on the streets of New York City and played with Marc Miller, Arto Lindsay and Michael Beinhorn. From 1983 he spent 4 years in Belgium. Back in New York City he was signed to Columbia Records after which 16 albums of Chris have been released debuting with Living with the Law in 1991. In 2000, Chris recorded Perfect Day with Chris Wood and Billy Martin. Chris also recorded with Shawn Colvin on Fat City, Cassandra Wilson on Blue Light 'til Dawn and New Moon Daughter, Rob Wasserman and Les Claypool on Johnny Society on Wood and Clairvoyance, Wasserman's Trios, Goat on All of My Friends, Joe Henry on Fuse, Michael Shrieve on Fascination, Chocolate Genius on GodMusic), Ely Guerra on Lotofire, Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum on Faces & Names, Clint Mansell on the Knockaround Guys soundtrack, also with DJ Logic, Little Jimmy Scott, Mike Watt, Daniel Lanois, and Jeff Lang. Chris's "Breaking Your Fall" from Hotel Vast Horizon-2003, won in The 3rd Annual Independent Music Awards for Best Folk/Singer-Songwriter Song. He won again the following year in The 4th Annual Independent Music Awards for Best Blues/R&B Song with "Her Furious Angels" from War Crime Blues (sadly lost to lung cancer) b. August 31st 1960. 2006: April Lawton (58) American guitar virtuoso, singer, and composer who came to notice in the early to mid 70s as a member of the rock band Ramatam, which also included former Iron Butterfly guitarist Mike Pinera and the former Jimi Hendrix drummer Mitch Mitchell. She was hailed as the female Jimi Hendrix by many, and her style was a mix of Jeff Beck, Hendrix, Eric Clapton, and Alan Holdsworth. She stayed with Ramatam for two studio albums, their self-titled debut and "In April Came the Dawning of the Red Suns". April left after the second album, to follow her solo project called the April Lawton Band, which dissolved in the late 1970s. April then disappeared from the music scene to concentrate on painting and graphic design, her personal life stayed very private until her death, although during the 1990s she recorded demos for a future album, but the material remains unreleased. Some excerpts are available at the April Lawton tribute website (sadly died from heart failure at her home) b. July 30th 1948. 2006: Betty Comden (89) American lyricist born in New York City; she was one-half of the musical-comedy duo Comden and Green, who provided lyrics, libretti, and screenplays to some of the most beloved and successful Hollywood musicals and Broadway shows of the mid-20th century. Her writing partnership with Adolph Green lasted for six decades, during which time they collaborated with other leading entertainment figures such as the famed "Freed Unit" at MGM, Jule Styne and Leonard Bernstein, gathering 7 Tony Awards out of 12 nominations along the way. Singin' in the Rain; The Band Wagon; It's Always Fair Weather; Two on the Aisle; Wonderful Town; Subways Are For Sleeping; Fade Out - Fade In; and Hallelujah, Baby! are just a few musicals they worked on. Their final musical hit was 1991's The Will Rogers Follies (heart failure) b. May 3rd 1917. 2006: Anita O'Day/Anita Belle Colton (87) American jazz singer sometimes nicknamed "Jezabel of Jazz"; her early band appearances shattered the traditional image of the "girl singer". Refusing to pander to any female stereotype, she presented herself as a "hip" jazz musician, wearing a band jacket and skirt as opposed to an evening gown. She started out as a chorus girl in such Uptown venues as the Celebrity Club and the Vanity Fair, then found work as a singer and waitress at the Ball of Fire, the Vialago, and the Planet Mars. In 1939 she sang for Miller's Quartet, until 1941 when she joined Gene Krupa, of the 34 sides she recorded with Krupa, it was "Let Me Off Uptown", a novelty duet with Roy Eldridge, that became her first big hit, and Down Beat named her "New Star of the Year". In the 50s also began performing in festivals and concerts with such musicians as Louis Armstrong, Oscar Peterson, Dinah Washington, Cal Tjader, George Shearing, and Thelonious Monk. She appeared in the documentary Jazz on a Summer's Day, filmed at the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival which increased her popularity. Her career seemed over when she nearly died of a heroin overdose in 1968. After kicking the habit, she made a comeback at the 1970 Berlin Jazz Festival. She also appeared in the films Zig Zag (1970) and The Outfit (1974). She resumed making live and studio albums, many recorded in Japan, and several were released on her own label, Emily Records. (Anita died peacefully in her sleep. The official cause of death was cardiac arrest) b. October 18th 1919. 2007: Frank Guarrera (83)Italian-American lyric baritone who enjoyed a long and distinguished career at the Metropolitan Opera, singing with the company for a total of 680 performances. He performed 35 different roles at the Met, mostly from the Italian and French repertories, from 1948 through 1976. His most frequent assignments at the house were as Escamillo in Georges Bizet's Carmen, Marcello in Giacomo Puccini's La Bohème, Valentin in Charles Gounod's Faust, and Ping in Puccini's Turandot. He was also an admired interpreter of Mozart roles, establishing himself in the parts of both Guglielmo and Don Alfonso in Così fan tutte and Count Almaviva in Le nozze di Figaro. Most of the roles he portrayed were from the lyric repertoire, such as the title role in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, but he also sang some heavier roles at the Met like Amonasro in Aïda, Jack Rance in La fanciulla del West and Il conte di Luna in Il trovatore (diabetes) b. December 3rd 1923. 2008: Richard Sidney Hickox CBE (60) British conductor of choral, orchestral and operatic music; he founded the City of London Sinfonia in '71, remaining music director until his death. He also founded the Richard Hickox Singers & Orchestra in the same year. He was the director of music at the Endellion Music Festival from 1972 to 2008. In '72 at the age of only 24 he was appointed Martin Neary's successor as organist and master of music at St. Margaret's, Westminster, subsequently adding the directorships of the London Symphony Chorus, and Bradford Festival Chorus. In 1990, he co-founded the baroque orchestra Collegium Musicum 90 with Simon Standage. He was Associate Guest Conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra from 1985 until his death. He was also Chorus Director of the London Symphony Chorus from 1976 to 1991, with whom he premiered The Three Kings by Peter Maxwell Davies in 1995. He also premiered that composer's A Dance on the Hill in 2005 (heart attack) b. March 5th 1948. 2008: Richard "Richey" James Edwards Welsh guitarist, the former co-lyricist and rhythm guitarist of the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers has been officially 'presumed dead' >>> READ MORE <<< (Richard disappeared on Feb 1st 1995) b. December 22nd 1967. 2008: Robert Lucas (46) American singer and guitarist former member of Canned Heat blues-rock band, He was one of four singers to have fronted the band during its more than 40 year history and had two stints fronting the band. In his solo career and has recorded seven solo albums and has performed with Big Joe Turner, George Smith, Pee Wee Crayton, Lowell Fulsom, Eddie 'Cleanhead' Vinson, and Percy Mayfield among others. He has been recognised by blues fans and critics worldwide as one of the most inspired singer, player and songwriter talents of the past decade (Robert died of a drug overdose) b. July 25th 1962. 2009: Richard Meale (77) Australian composer; he studied piano with Winifred Burston at the NSW State Conservatorium of Music, as well as clarinet, harp, history and theory, before studying at the University of California, Los Angeles and other American institutions. He is best known for the 1986 opera Voss, with libretto by David Malouf based on the novel of the same title by Patrick White. Malouf also collaborated with Meale on his second operatic project, Mer de glace (1986–91), a tableaux-like juxtaposition of some ideas of the novel Frankenstein alongside the real dealings of Mary Shelley with Shelley and Byron. From 1969 to 1988 he was part of the music faculty of the University of Adelaide, South Australia. In 2000, Meale was conferred Doctor of Letters honoris causa by the University of New England in New South Wales (?) b. August 24th 1932. 2009: Joe Papa (?) American singer and drummer who joined up with Paul Lemos and the pioneering experimental band Controlled Bleeding when the band decided they would add some vocals to their music. Since the bands demise, Joe Papa, has worked on different side projects with former members, including founding a band The Breastfed Yak, along with Paul Lemos and Ruins drummer, Tatsuya Yoshida, immersing themselves in free jazz madness. Their debut CD, was Get Your Greasy Head Off The Sham was released in 2003. (heart attack) b ????. 2009: Pim Koopman (56) Dutch progressive rock drummer, born in Hilversum, he co-founded the band Kayak in 1972, along with Ton Scherpenzeel, Johan Slager and Max Werner. He left the band in 1976 and went on to become a record producer, and was successful with acts such as Maywood, Petra Berger, Valensia and Robby Valentine. He returned to Kayak for the reunion in 1999 and had been playing drums in Kayak until his death. His last album with the band 'Letters From Utopia' was released on Sept 16th 2009. As well as his musical talents, he was the composer of six entries to the Eurovision Song Contest: “Jouw lach" performed by Dick Rienstra in 1977, "Later" by Brigitte in 1984, "Déja Vu" and "Champagne" by Willeke Alberti in 1994, "De wereld is van jou" by Gina de Wit and "Met of zonder jou" by Clau-Dya's in 1996. He has been involved with two other bands, 'Diesel' and 'The President' which was a collaboration with Okkie Huysdens. (?) b. March 11th 1953 2010: James Tyler (70) American lutenist, banjoist, guitarist, composer, musicologist and author, who featured on over 60 early music recordings. Born in Hartford, Connecticut he initially studied the Banjo and Mandolin with Walter K. Bauer, then the Lute with Joseph Iadone - he also played the Cello. As a lutenist, he performed and recorded with New York Pro Musica, and also toured and recorded as a banjoist with "Max Morath and the Original Rag Quartet". In 1969, his interest in early music took him to London where he married Joyce Geller.During the 1970s and 80s, he performed and recorded in London with Musica Reservata, the Consort of Musicke, the Julian Bream Consort and the Early Music Consort of London under David Munrow. He then founded his own ensemble, the "London Early Music Group" in 1977, which lasted until 1990. He composed music for BBC television productions of Shakespeare plays, and also made an appearance as a lutenist in the 1972 film, Mary Queen of Scots. In 1986, he became professor of Music and director of the master's and doctoral degree programs in early music performance at the University of Southern California, a post he held until retiring in 2006 (?) b. August 3rd 1940 2011: Montserrat Figueras (69) Spanish soprano born in Barcelona, Catalonia and began studying early singing techniques together with her sister Pilar Figueras in 1966. In 1974 she and her husband Jordi Savall, Lorenzo Alpert and Hopkinson Smith formed Hespèrion XX, an early music ensemble. Montserrat and her husband were members also of a newer version of that ensemble, Hespèrion XXI. As well they founded the groups La Capella Reial de Catalunya and Le Concert des Nations. She also performed and recorded regularly as a solo artist as well as with her children: daughter Arianna and son Ferran (?) b. March 15th 1942. 2011: Gamexane/Horacio Villafañe (48) Argentine guitarist, backing vocalist and founder member the Argentine punk / rock band Todos Tus Muertos created in 1985. In 1986 they recorded their first demo - Noches Agitadas en el Cementerio and in 1988, a self-named album was released. After three years of recording, in 1990 a second album was released, Nena de Hiroshima. Over the years of recording and performing they toured North, Central and South America and their 8th but sadly Horacio's last album Crisis Mundial / World Crisis was released in 2010 (tragically Horacio died unexpectedly several days after being admitted to the Guemes Sanatorium Buenos Aires, because of gastro intestinal bleeding) b. October 20th 1964. 2011: Barry Llewellyn (63) Jamaican singer and songwriter, raised in Trench Town; he was a founding and longstanding member of The Heptones, a Jamaican rocksteady and reggae vocal trio most active in the 1960s and early 1970s. They were one of the more significant trios of that era, and played a major role in the gradual transition between ska and rocksteady with their three-part harmonies. Their hits include Gun Man Coming to Town, Fattie Fattie, Get in the Groove, Love Won't Come Easy, Gonna Fight, Party Time, I've Got a Feeling, Tripe Girl and Pretty Looks, among others (sadly Barry died of pneumonia) b. December 24th 1947. 2012: Frank Dycus (72) American songwriter born in Hardmoney, KY; he began writing poetry and learned to play guitar as a teenager, before a 7 year stint in the US Army. He got his first hit in 1970 for Opry star George Morgan, "Lilacs and Fire". He went on to write memorable country hits such as "Unwound" and "Marina del Ray" for George Strait and "I Don't Need Your Rockin' Chair" for George Jones among many others.() b. December 5th 1939. 2014: Agustín Briolini (22) Argentinian musician and lead singer-guitarist of the Argentinian up-and-coming rock band, Krebs. At the time of his death he was on tour with Krebs, promoting their first album and was preparing for a sold out show at Teatro del Sol (while doing a sound check at Teatro del Sol, Villa Carlos Paz, he was electrocuted when he touched the microphone. Agustin recieved immediate medical assistance, then was taken to a hospital where, tragically he was pronounced dead) b. April 6th 1992. 2014: Clive Palmer (71) British folk musician and banjoist, born in Edmonton, North London; he took banjo lessons from the age of 10 and in 1957 began playing with jazz bands in Soho. He began busking with Wizz Jones in Paris in 1959–60, before moving to Edinburgh in late 1962. By now a virtuoso banjo player, he teamed up as a duo with singer and guitarist Robin Williamson in 1963, playing traditional and bluegrass songs. They became the Incredible String Band in 1965 and soon added a third member, Mike Heron. Early in 1966, he also ran "Clive's Incredible Folk Club" in Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow. He moved to Cornwall where he formed the Famous Jug Band, The Stockroom Five and The Temple Creatures, and then formed another band, C.O.B/Clive's Original Band. After living in Brittany for many years he returned to Cornwall and formed The Clive Palmer Band, who toured between 2008 and 2011 and produced his last two albums (sadly died after a long illness) b. May 13th 1943. 2015: Bengt-Arne Wallin aka Derek Warne (89) Swedish jazz trumpeter born in Linköping and known as a versatile arranger and composer. He played trumpet in several bands including Arne Wallin Domnérus big band as well as in the Harry Arnold Radio Band in the 50s and 60s, and is behind the music for several films like "Chance" in 1962 and "From Here to Kim" from 1993. He has also taught at the Academy of Music in Stockholm and at the end of the 1990s he began to play the trumpet in band Five to Five. Over the years as a musician and composer, he has received several awards as the "golden disc", "Jan Johansson Scholarship" and "Atterberg Prize". He is also behind several songs in Melodifestivalen as the winning contribution in 1966, "Old school roll" with Lill Lindfors and Svante Thuresson. (?) b. July 13th 1926 2015: Jouni Kaipainen (58) Finnish composer born in Helsinki, where he studied at the Sibelius Academy. His main works include Carpe Diem for flute and orchestra in 1990, Symphony No.3 from 1999-2004 and Symphony No.4 Commedia in 2010. (?) b. November 24th 1956 November 24 . 1956: Guido Cantelli (36)Italian conductor and musical director born in Novara, Italy, studied at the Milan Conservatory in Italy and began a promising conducting career. Over his short career he had conducted not only in many of the most famous concert halls of Europe but also in the US and South Africa. Among his commercial recordings are Beethoven's 7th symphony, Brahms' 1st and 3rd symphonies, Franck's D minor symphony, with the NBC Symphony in Carnegie Hall in stereo from 6 April 1954, Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, Paul Hindemith's Mathis der Maler, Liszt's 2nd piano concerto with Claudio Arrau, and shorter pieces by Ravel, Rossini, and others and he recorded Vivaldi's The Four Seasons with the New York Philharmonic for Columbia Records. Guido was named Musical Director of La Scala, Milan, on November 16th 1956 but his promising career was cut short only one week later (died in a tragic aircraft crash near Paris, France) b. April 27th 1920. 1985: Big Joe Turner (74) American singer; although he came to his greatest fame in the 1950s with his pioneering rock and roll recordings, particularly "Shake, Rattle and Roll", his career as a performer stretched from the 1920s into the 1980s. He started singing on street corners for money, then leaving school at age fourteen to begin working the Kansas City's club scene, first as a cook, and later as a singing bartender, he became known as The Singing Barman, and worked in such venues as The Kingfish Club and The Sunset, where he and his piano playing partner Pete Johnson became resident performers. He went on to have hits in the late 1930s with "Cherry Red", "Careless Love", "I Want A Little Girl" and "Wee Baby Blues" (sadly died of a heart attack) b. May 18th 1911. 1991: Eric "The Fox" Carr/ Paul Caravello (41) American drummer, best known for his work with the rock band Kiss, replacing Peter Criss in 1980, remaining a member until he became ill in 1991. He had been playing in cover bands throughout the 1970s.. His Kiss persona, was first made up as "The Hawk," but later adopted the persona of "The Fox", he was also part of the band's stage makeup removal of their live on MTV in 1983. He also played guitar, bass guitar, piano and sang background vocals, he sung lead vocals on "Black Diamond" and "Young and Wasted" live with Kiss. He sang lead on the remake of "Beth" in the studio on the album Smashes, Thrashes & Hits. In 1989 he sang lead vocal on a self-penned, studio track titled "Little Caesar,". His last live performance with Kiss was November 9, 1990 in New York City, at Madison Square Garden (heart cancer) b. July 12th 1950. 1991: Freddie Mercury/Farrokh Bulsara (45) Zanzibar-born British musician, best known as the lead singer, pianist and co-founder of the rock band Queen, who were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001. He came to England at the age of 17 and earned a Diploma in Art and Graphic Design at Ealing Art College, later using these skills to design the Queen crest. He remained a British citizen for the rest of his life. Freddie was a fan of Aretha Franklin, The Who, Jim Croce, Elvis Presley, Led Zeppelin, The Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix, John Lennon, and The Beatles, but his favourite performer was singer-actress Liza Minnelli. Following graduation, he joined a series of bands and sold second-hand clothes in the Kensington Market in London, and also had a job at Heathrow airport. In April 1970, he joined with guitarist Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor who had previously been in a band called Smile. Despite reservations from the other members, Freddie chose the name "Queen" for the new band. As a performer, he was known for his 4-octave vocal range and onstage theatricality and flamboyant performances. As a songwriter, he composed many international hits, including "Bohemian Rhapsody", which many rate the greatest song of all time, "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", "Don't Stop Me Now", "We Are the Champions", "Crazy Little Thing Called Love", and "Good Old Fashioned Lover Boy". In addition to his work with Queen, Freddie also led a solo career and was occasionally a producer and guest musician, piano or vocals for other artists. He who was of Indian Parsi descent and grew up in India, has been referred to as "Britain's first Asian rock star." (Freddie died of bronchial pneumonia resulting from AIDS, his death greatly increased awareness of the disease) b. September 5th 1946. 1993: Albert Collins (61) American legendary blues guitarist, singer; he had many nicknames, such as "The Ice Man", "The Master of the Telecaster" and "The Razor Blade". He began recording in 1960 and released singles, including many instrumentals such as the million selling "Frosty". In the spring of 1965 he moved to Kansas City, Missouri and made a name for himself. His genius was acknowledged by the music world in 1983, when he won the W. C. Handy Award for his album Don't Lose Your Cool, which won the award for best blues album of the year. The Fender Custom Shop created an accurate replica of the "Ice Man"'s namesake '66 Custom Telecaster in 1990, which featured a double-bound swamp ash body, a custom-shaped maple neck sporting a separate laminated maple fingerboard with 21 vintage frets, a custom-wound Seymour Duncan '59 humbucker in the neck position and a Fender Texas Special Tele single-coil in the bridge (sadly died of lung and liver cancer) b. October 1st 1932 2001: Melanie Janene Thornton (34) American-German pop singer born in Charleston, South Carolina. She had dual citizenship in Germany and the United States and in 1992 Melanie relocated to Germany where she found fame fronting the Eurodance group La Bouche. They recorded hits such as "Be My Lover" and "Sweet Dreams" in the mid-1990s. She also forged a moderately successful solo career in Germany before her death. Her hits include 'Love How You Love Me', 'Wonderful Dream', 'Memories' and 'Heartbeat' (Tragically died in a plane crash of the Crossair Flight 3597 near Bassersdorf by Zurich in Switzerland) b. May 13th 1967 2004: James Wong Jim/Uncle Jim/Wong Jum-sum (64) Cantopop lyricist, writer and TV host born in Panyu, in what now is part of Guangzhou, China and migrated to Hong Kong with his family in 1949. As a lyricist of Cantonese songs in Hong Kong from the 1960s, he wrote over 2,000 songs, collaborating with composer Joseph Koo aka. Gu Gaa-fai, on many popular TVB TV drama theme songs, many of which have become classics of the genre. He also hosted several TV programs, mostly interviews or talk shows oriented towards adults, on both TVB and ATV. One of the talk shows called "Off-guard Tonight" , co-hosted by himself and his close friends Chua Lam and Ni Kuang on ATV, is particularly remembered. He took part in creative directing positions within the entertainment industry in Hong Kong. He was also an alumnus of La Salle College. Many fans like to call him "Uncle Jim" (died after a long battle with lung cancer) b. February 21st 1940 2006: Walter Booker (72) American jazz bass and double bassist; recorded and toured with Ray Bryant, Betty Carter, Chick Corea, Stan Getz, Art Farmer, Milt Jackson, Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollins, before joining the Cannonball Adderley Quintet with who he stayed with til 1975. He then built, and ran the Boogie Woogie Studio in NYC, a mecca for musicians from all over the world, and through the 1980s, he played and recorded with Nat Adderley, Nick Brignola, Arnett Cobb, Richie Cole, John Hicks, Billy Higgins, Clifford Jordan, Pharoah Sanders, Sarah Vaughan, and Phil Woods. (?) b. December 17th 1933 2006: Juhani "Juice" Leskinen (56) Finnish singer-songwriter; he was one of the most prominent Finnish singer-songwriters of the late 20th century. From the early 1970s onward he released nearly 30 full-length albums, as well as writing song lyrics for dozens of Finnish artists. Many of his songs have reached classic status in Finnish popular music... "Viidestoista yö", "Kaksoiselämää" and "Syksyn sävel". (sadly died after suffering from renal insufficiency, cirrhosis and diabetes) b. February 19th 1950. 2007: Casey Calvert (26) American guitarist for the emo/post-hardcore band Hawthorne Heights. The band, who were originally named A Day in the Life, have released three studio albums on Victory Records since changing their name to Hawthorne Heights of which Casey recorded on the first two, "The Silence in Black and White" which reached platinum and the gold selling "If Only You Were Lonely" (the autopsy states Casey died of Combined Drug Intoxication) b. October 20th 1981. 2008: Michael Lee/Michael Gary Pearson (39) British world renowned drummer; toured and recorded with former Led Zeppelin musicians Robert Plant and Jimmy Page, also played drums with Little Angels, The Cult, Echo & The Bunnymen, the reformed version of Thin Lizzy, ZZ Top, Aerosmith, Bon Jovi, Bryan Adams, Guns 'N' Roses, Lenny Kravitz, Holosade, Alaska, Sweet Janes and many more. Most recently he had toured with Jeff Martin and played drums on Jeff's new solo album, "Exile and the Kingdom". He also performed with The Cult founders Billy Duffy and Ian Astbury on their Ceremony tour and cooperated on the 2006 album Gillan's Inn (cause of death not yet established) b. November 19th 1969. 2008: Kenny MacLean (52) Scottish/Canadian bassist best known as a former member of the Canadian New Wave group, the multi-platinum selling band Platinum Blonde. He had been a SOCAN member for over 28 years and written and recorded tracks for many prominent Canadian artists and has worked with noted producers including Terry Brown, David Foster, Bernard Edwards and Carter. He had been working on his 3rd solo album, which he had completed just before his death entitled "Completely at Toronto's Mod Club", it was released on Friday November 21st 2008 (heart related problem) b.?January 9th 1956? 2009: Amy Black (36) British mezzo-soprano opera singer of Hedon, near Hull, she studied at the Royal Academy of Music, toured with the European Opera, as well as spending seasons with the English National Opera. She gave many concerts and recitals in the UK and many other places around the world, most recently performing in the role of Mercedes in Carmen for both the Scottish Opera and English National Opera. Amy underwent heart surgery in June for a defect in her aortic valve but had recently resumed performing. She often sang before Hull FC rugby league matches at the KC Stadium. A founder member of the London Theatre Voices, a quartet of friends who met while singing for the ENO, she was also known as the star of Classics in the Park, held at Brantingham, Yorkshire. Amy spent the six months working on the musicals “On the Town” with June Whitfield and “Kismet”, singing along side Michael Ball at The London Coliseum in the West End and was recently flown out to Qatar to entertain the legendary Tenor Placido Domingo (Amy’s body was discovered lying in a ditch outside a market garden close to her home. The police are investigating this sudden, tragic death, but have confirmed they are not treating it as suspicious) b. 1973. 2010: Peter 'Sleazy' Christopherson (55) British pianist, synthesizer and electronics musician born in Leeds; he was one of the original members of the Industrial Records band, Throbbing Gristle. After which he participated in the foundation of Psychic TV along with Geoffrey Rushton aka John Balance. After his short time in Psychic TV, he formed Coil along with Balance, which lasted just under 23 years, until Balance died of a fall in their Weston-Super-Mare home. Peter next reunited Throbbing Gristle and he composed an album for his solo endeavour The Threshold HouseBoys Choir. He and Ivan Pavlov started a new project called Soisong, which officially premiered in Tokyo on March 9th 2008 and later toured Europe with several shows, having self-released their debut EP. In April of the same year Peter and Pavlov, alongside David Tibet, Othon Mataragas and Ernesto Tomasini, performed a live soundtrack for Derek Jarman's The Angelic Conversation in Turin, Italy. Prior to his musical career, Peter was a commercial artist, designer, and photographer. Notably, he was one of the three partners of the album cover design group Hipgnosis, which was responsible for many notable album covers of the 1970s (?) b. February 27th 1955. 2011: Ludwig Hirsch (65) Austrian singer-songwriter and actor, born in Sankt Magdalena am Lemberg, Styria, grew up in the Leopoldstadt district of Vienna. He made his stage debut in 1973 at the municipal theatre in Regensburg. From 1975-1979 he was a member of the ensemble of the Theatre in der Josefstadt. Then in 1978 he launched his career as a singer-songwriter and became known for his critical, macabre, and morbid lyrics. Ludwig's studio album Perlen /Pearls, achieved gold status and was awarded the Amadeus Austrian Music Award, the highest Austrian popular music prize. His newest album, In Ewigkeit Damen, appeared in 2006. He has also hosted the radio program Siesta for the Austrian broadcaster Hitradio Ö3. In September 1993, the Austrian Post honored him with a 5 1/2 schilling stamp and in 2001 he was awarded a silver medal for service to the City of Vienna, and was made a "Golden citizen" of the city of Vienna (tragically Ludwig committed suicide, by jumping from a window at Wilhelminenspital, a major hospital in Vienna) b. February 28th 1946. 2011: Imants Kokars (90) Latvian conductor born in Gulbene; he began his career as a conductor in 1948, conducting the Cesis Brass Orchestra. In 1956, he graduated from the Jazeps Vitols State Conservatory of Latvia, where he later became a lecturer in 1963 and professor in 1977. Since 1965, he was one of the principal conductors at the famous Latvian National Song Festivals, which belong to the largest choral festivals worldwide. 1969 he founded the chamber choir “Ava Sol”, which became one of the most distinguished choirs in Latvia. From 1977 through 1991, he was director of the Latvian Academy of Music. On 12 April 1995 Imants was awarded the Order of the Three Stars, Latvia’s highest civil award. (?) b. August 16th 1921. 2012: Chris Stamp (70) British music producer and manager; he started out as a filmmaker and met business partner and collaborator Kit Lambert while working at Shepperton Film Studios as an assistant director — they both worked on such films as I Could Go On Singing, The L-Shaped Room and Of Human Bondage. He went on to co-manage and produce such musical acts as The Who and Jimi Hendrix in the 1960s and '70s and co-founding the now defunct Track Records label. By 1975, due to heavy drug use, Chris and Lambert were ousted by the Who, and the pair relocated to New York City to produce American R&B/soul group Labelle. Chris later became a psychodrama therapist and addiction counsellor based in the state of New York (sadly died of cancer) b. July 7th 1942. 2012: Ian Campbell (79) British folk musician and founding member of the Ian Campbell Folk Group; the group formed in 1956 in Birmingham, as the Clarion Skiffle Group and was renamed the Ian Campbell Folk Group in 1958 and became one of the most respected, popular and influential folk groups of the British folk scene of the 1960s. The group's first recordings included the EP, Ceilidh At The Crown, which was released in 1962 and was the first live folk club recording to be released on vinyl. On 8 February 2012, at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in Salford, Ian received the 'Good Tradition' Award, presented by Stuart Maconie, for Ian's outstanding contribution to folk music over five decades (sadly Ian died fighting cancer) b. June 10th 1933. 2015: Eli Avramov (61) Israeli rock and new wave musician, born in Jerusalem; in 1980 he was a founder member and guitarist of the rock band HaClique.They became well known in Israel for songs like "Incubator", "Golem", "Ani Avud", "Al Tadliku Li Ner" and "Kol Haemet". They released four albums, the last being Hakol Mushlam in 2002. Over the years Eli worked with various other Israeli artists, including Rami Fortis, Korin Allal, Eran Zur, Tal Gordon and Dana International. (?) b. 1954. 2016: Bunnie Foy/Shirley Bunnie Foy (80) American jazz singer, percussionist and songwriter born in Harlem, New York. At the age of 17, she started her career touring the Atlantic coast and Canada with a rhythm and blues group called "The Dell-Tones". In 1959 she settled in Paris and after an engagement at La Calvados, a jazz club near the Champs-Élysées, she toured with pianist Pierre Franzino, in France, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and North Africa and in 1960 she participated at the first Jazz Festival of Antibes/Juan-les-Pins. During her career, she worked in the U. S. with notable jazz musicians such as saxophonists Archie Shepp and Johnny Griffin, drummers Art Blakey and Jo Jones, pianist Randy Weston, vibraphonist Milton Jackson, organist Lou Bennett, and in Italy with guitarists Franco Cerri and Bruno De Filippi, bassist/arranger Pino Presti, bassist Stefano Cerri, pianists Enrico Intra and Renato Sellani, drummers Gil Cuppini and Tullio De Piscopo, American clarinetist/arranger Tony Scott, Jamaican pianist Sonny Taylor and many more. (sadly Bunny died of a heart attack) b. October 13th 1936. November 25 . 1965: Dame Myra Hess DBE (75) British pianist born in London. At the age of five she began to study the piano and two years later entered the Guildhall School of Music, where she graduated as winner of the gold medal. She studied at the Royal Academy of Music under Tobias Matthay. was most renowned for her interpretations of the works of Mozart, Beethoven and Schumann, but had a wide repertoire ranging from Domenico Scarlatti to contemporary works. She gave the premiere of Howard Ferguson's Piano Sonata and his Piano Concerto. She also played a good amount of chamber music, and performed in a piano duo with Irene Scharrer. She promoted public awareness of the piano duo and two-piano works of Schubert. She made a well-known arrangement for piano of the chorale prelude "Jesus bleibet meine Freude" (known in English as "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring") from Johann Sebastian Bach's Cantata No. 147 "Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben" (?) b. February 25th 1890 1970: Albert Ayler (34) American jazz saxophonist, singer and composer, born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, he was among the most primal of the free jazz musicians of the 1960s. He was first taught alto saxophone by his father. In 1952, at the age of 16, he began playing bar-walking, honking, R&B-style tenor with blues singer and harmonica player Little Walter, spending two summer vacations with Walter's band. He later studied at the Academy of Music in Cleveland with jazz saxophonist Benny Miller. Albert relocated to Sweden in 1962 where his recording career began, leading Swedish and Danish groups on radio sessions, and jamming as an unpaid member of Cecil Taylor's band in the winter of 1962-1963. Back in New York, US, he found respect and he influenced the new generation of jazz players, as well as veterans like John Coltrane who he worked with. In 1964 he toured Europe, with the trio augmented with trumpeter Don Cherry, recorded and released as The Hilversum Session. On his return from Europe, Albert embarked on his first major recording contract, since John Coltrane, recording The Village Concerts, New Grass, and Music is the Healing Force of the Universe (It is said that on November 5th 1970, he took the ferry to the Statue of Liberty and jumped off as the boat near Liberty Island. He was found dead in New York City's East River on Nov 25th, a presumed suicide. Rumors circulated that he had been murdered, due to his involvement in the black power movement. There was no autopsy) b. July 13th 1936. 1974: Nick Drake (26) British singer songwriter and multi-musician, but his primary instrument was the guitar, though he was also proficient at piano, clarinet, and saxophone. Not appreciated in his lifetime, but since his death his work has grown steadily in stature, to the extent that he now ranks among the most influential English singer-songwriters of the last 50 years, his songs have been covered by many greats and in 2004, 30 years after his death, he gained his first chart hit when two singles, "Magic" and "River Man", were released to coincide with the compilation album 'Made to Love Magic', later that year, the BBC aired a radio documentary about Nick, narrated by Brad Pitt (sadly died from a drug overdose while suffering from a depressive illness) b. June 19th 1948. 1995: Don Goldie/Donald Elliott Goldfield (65) American versatile jazz trumpet player and talented soloist with a wide range who became especially visible in the late '50s working with Jack Teagarden. After leaving Jack's group, Goldie led his own band for a time, and by the late '60s was working with Jackie Gleason in Miami Beach, as well as playing gigs of his own. He cut albums for Chess Records' Argo offshoot and the Verve label in the early '60s, and in the 1970s re-emerged with his own Jazz Forum label, for which he cut a string of eight LPs. He released his final LP, Don Goldie's Dangerous Jazz Band, on the Jazzology label in 1982 (tragically commited suicide) b. February 3th 1930 1997: Barbara/Monique Andrée Serf (67) French female singer; she appeared on TV variety shows, toured Japan, Canada, Belgium, Israel, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Her album "Seule" was one of France's top grossing releases of 1981. In 1982, she was awarded the prestigious Grand Prix du Disque in recognition of her contribution to French culture. An icon of French musical history, she has been honored with her image on a French postage stamp. A number of books have been written about her life and her records still sell in large numbers to this day (respiratory problems) b. November 24th 1997. 2006: Valentin Elizalde (27) Mexican singer; born in the city of Navojoa, Sonora, he also known as "El Gallo de Oro", The Golden Rooster. His biggest Banda hits included "Vete Ya," "Ebrio de Amor", "Vencedor", " Vete Con El", "Vuelve Cariñito", "Como Me Duele", " Mi Virgencita", and "Soy Así.". He will be remembered as one of the best Mexican singers of our time. (gunned down in an ambush; 28 bullets were found in his body. Some of his songs were narcocorridos, and some think it appears he was murdered by drug trafficking gangs) b. February 1st 1979. 2007: Kevin DuBrow (52)American rock singer, best known as the lead vocalist of the heavy metal band Quiet Riot from 1973 until his death. During Quiet Riot's commercial heyday in the 1980s, he was known for his on-stage charisma, gravelly bluesy voice, and suspenders. He recorded 10 albums with his band and 4 solo albums. He grew up in Los Angeles, in his mid-teens he had was influenced by UK rock acts including the Small Faces, Slade, Spooky Tooth, Rod Stewart and Humble Pie. He joined Quiet Riot in 1973 recording 10 albums with them which produced singles such as "Cum On Feel the Noize", "Bang Your Head (Metal Health)" and "Mama Weer All Crazee Now". Kevin also recorded solo such as Thunderbolt: A Tribute to AC/DC, a cover of "Highway to Hell"; Appetite for Reconstruction, a cover of Guns n Roses "Welcome to the Jungle" and his 2004 album In for the Kill is a 2004 (sadly Kevin died from an accidental overdose of cocaine) b. October 29th 1955 2010: Tony Dixon (52) Irish disc jockey, blogger and a member of the "Northside mafia". He specialised in the hip hop and R&B genres. He was part of the "Big D" station during the 1970s and Sunshine Radio during the 1980s. Then he managed a nightclub called "Hollywood Nights" at the Stillorgan Park Hotel. In February 2000 Dixon became part of FM104, presenting a show on Saturday nights and possessing his own catchphrase, "If it's Hip Hop and RnB, don't miss me, Tony D". While at FM104 he brought artists such as Mary J. Blige, Puff Daddy and Destiny's Child to the attention of the Dublin public. Blues & Soul magazine named him as one of the UK's Top 5 DJs (Tony sadly died after a short illness) b.1958 2010: Ann Southam (73) Canadian musician, composer and teacher, born in Winnipeg; she turned to composing at age 15 and began teaching at the Royal Conservatory of Music in 1966. Her association with the New Dance Group of Canada (later Toronto Dance Theatre) began in 1967, and she became composer-in-residence in 1968. She composed many electronic scores for this company, and for other dance companies and choreographers. In 1977, with Diana McIntosh, she helped to create Music Inter Alia, which promoted Winnipeg new music concerts until 1991. In the 1990s Ann abandoned electroacoustic writing, creating wholly instrumental works such as Song of the Varied Thrush for string quartet; Webster's Spin for string orchestra, and Full Circles just to mention a few. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 2010 (?) b. February 4th 1937. 2011: Coco Robicheaux/Curtis John Arceneaux (64) American blues musician and artist. Born in Merced, California. He took his stage name from a Louisiana legend, in which a naughty child called Coco Robicheaux, is abducted by a werewolf. He has performed across Europe and America, at every New Orleans French Quarter festival since 1995 and for 10 consecutive years at the New Orlean Jazz& Heritage Festival. He was inducted into The Louisiana Music Hall of Fame on Oct 24th 2009. Coco appeared in the episode "Hotshots", of the USA Network series Big Easy, playing a New Orleans musician named "Coco", who had sold his soul to the devil. Two of Robicheaux's songs were also featured in the episode, "Broken String" and "Spiritland". He also appeared as himself in the second episode of HBO's Treme, first broadcast in the US on April 18th 2010 (?) b. October 25th 1947 2011: Ross MacManus (84) English singer, trumpet player, songwriter and father of Elvis Costello. Born in Birkenhead, he joined Joe Loss in March 1955 and wrote and sang "Patsy Girl", a 1964 single credited to Ross McManus and the Joe Loss Blue Beats. The song was featured on the "Fathers" episode of Bob Dylan's radio series, Theme Time Radio Hour, in 2006. In 1970 he recorded a version of The Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road" under the pseudonym of Day Costello and in 1973 he was responsible for the music and vocals from the much loved R. White's Lemonade television advertisement theme song, "Secret Lemonade Drinker", on which Elvis Costello plays the drums, and sang backing vocals. The ad won a silver award at the 1974 International Advertising Festival. Ross also played the trumpet on two of his son's albums, Out of Our Idiot-87 on the song "A Town Called Big Nothing," credited to the MacManus Gang and Mighty Like a Rose-91 on the song "Invasion Hit Parade" (Ross sadly passed peacefully after a long illness) b. October 20th 1927. 2011: Don DeVito (72) American record producer, music business executive and guitarist. His career was spent at Columbia Records, where his production credits included Bob Dylan's albums Blood on the Tracks, Desire and Street-Legal. Born in Brooklyn, New York, and in his late teens began playing as a guitarist in Al Kooper's band. In 1967, he began training as an executive with CBS, and worked as A&R manager covering Miami, before transferring to New York City in 1971 to head up a new marketing initiative, later moving to the main Columbia A&R department. He also joined Dylan on tour and produced his albums Hard Rain, Street Legal and At Budokan. He also worked with the likes of Billy Joel, Bruce Springsteen, James Taylor, Simon and Garfunkel, Aerosmith, Tony Bennett and Carole King. In 1981 he was appointed National Vice President of A&R for Columbia and nominated for a Grammy Award on five occasions, winning in the category of Best Traditional Folk Recording in '89 for the album Folkways-A Vision Shared: A Tribute to Woody Guthrie & Leadbelly (died after a brave fight with prostate cancer) b. September 6th 1939. 2012: Juan Carlos Calderón (74) Spanish singer-songwriter and musician born in Santander, Cantabria. He was the author of Eres Tú, which, came second in the 1973 Eurovision Song Contest. He also composed another three songs for Eurovision, one other for The OTI Festival and for several films. His first solo album "Juan Carlos Calderón presents Juan Carlos Calderón" in 1968 had a great success and won the Ondas prize. After he recorded, among others: "Route 101" in 1982 and "Soleá" in 1998, No. 1 on the American jazz charts. During his long career Juan was awarded 3 Billboards, 5 Grammy, 5 ASCAP prizes , 2 Premios Ondas, 3 Premios de Música de SGAE (General Society of Authors of Spain) and 2 Premios Amigo. He also wrote songs for artists like Luis Miguel, who won a Grammy with one of Juan's songs, Julio Iglesias, Chayanne, Nino Bravo, Cecilia, Camilo Sesto, Paloma San Basilio, Rocío Durcal, David Bustamante Mari Trini and others (?) b. June 7th 1938 2012: Simeon ten Holt (89) Dutch contemporary classical composer born in Bergen, North Holland; his most famous work is Canto Ostinato, which he wrote in 1976 and is one of the most famous classical works in (modern) Dutch music history (?) b. January 24th 1923. 2012: Earl "Speedo" Carroll (75) American singer; he was lead vocalist for the doo-wop group The Cadillacs. The group's biggest hit released in 1955 was "Speedo", became Earl's nickname. He joined The Coasters in 1961, leaving the group in the early 1990. Earl was chosen to be the subject of a children's book, That's Our Custodian, by Ann Morris The publicity helped him to revive his career and he permanently reform The Cadillacs. (sadly Earl died from complications of a stroke and battleing diabetes) b. November 2nd 1937. 2013: Bob Allison/Bob Day/Bernard Colin Day (72) English pop singer and one half of the duo The Allison, who were marketed as being brothers, using the surname of Allison. The Allisons represented the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest 1961 with the song "Are You Sure?". They came second with 24 points. The song spent six weeks at No. 2 and a further three weeks in the top 4. Despite a couple of minor follow-up hits, the duo disbanded in 1963. Through the 70s & 80s he and John teamed up for short tours to keep 'The Allisons' name alive. But by the 1990s, they regularly reunited to perform on the oldies circuit (sadly has died after a long illness) b. February 2nd 1941. 2013: Chico Hamilton/Foreststorn Hamilton (92) American jazz drummer and bandleader; born in LA, California where prior to 1955 he played with many greats including Charles Mingus, Illinois Jacquet, Ernie Royal, Slim & Slam, Dexter Gordon, Buddy Collette and Jack Kelso. Engagements with Lionel Hampton, T-Bone Walker, Lester Young, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Charlie Barnet, Billy Eckstine, Sammy Davis Jr., Billie Holiday, Gerry Mulligan, Nat King Cole and six years with Lena Horne established him as a jazz drummer. He recorded his first album as leader in 1955 with double-bassist George Duvivier and jazz guitarist Howard Roberts. In that same year he formed an unusual quintet featuring cello, >>> READ MORE <<< (Chico died from natural causes) b. September 20th 1921. 2014: Petr Hapka (70) Czech composer and one of the most significant composers of Czech film music scores. He is known for his collaborations with the lyricist Michal Horácek. (?) b. May 13th 1944. 2016: Pauline Oliveros (84) American composer and accordionist who was a central figure in the development of experimental and post-war electronic art music. She was a founding member of the San Francisco Tape Music Center in the 1960s, and served as its director. She has taught music at Mills College, the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Oberlin Conservatory of Music, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Oliveros has written books, formulated new music theories and investigated new ways to focus attention on music including her concepts of "Deep Listening" and "sonic awareness". In 1994 she received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists award. Pauline was a patron of Soundart Radio in Dartington, Devon, UK and in 2007, she received the Resounding Vision Award from Nameless Soundand, and was the 2009 recipient of the William Schuman Award, from Columbia University School of the Arts. Also in 2012, she received the John Cage Award from the Foundation for Contemporary Arts (?) b. May 30th 1932. 2016: Alexander Yossifov (76) Bulgarian composer born in Sofia and studied composition and conducting at the Bulgarian State Conservatory, He was the author of numerous chamber music pieces as well as symphonic works. Alexander wrote several art songs and one opera, 'Back to the Beginning'. He conducted numerous ensembles throughout his career including the Bulgarian National Radio Symphony Orchestra. In 1999 he was awarded the Grand-Prix "Kanebo" in Tokyo, Japan at the Sixth International Competition, for for Piano Duo Composition "Prelude and Fuga" No 2, for 2 Pianos, 8 hands (?) b. August 12th 1940. 2016: Colonel Abrams (67) American musician, singer, songwriter, dancer and actor, born in Detroit, then moved to the East Village. From an early age, he began playing the guitar and piano, and was in several early bands, including Heavy Impact in which he played both guitar and keyboards and the group Conservative Manor with his brother Morris. In 1976, sang lead vocals for the funk band 94 East which featured Prince on lead guitar, after which he joined a New Jersey group, Surprise Package. In 1984, as a solo artist he had a minor hit with the ballad "Leave the Message Behind the Door". The follow-up, "Music Is the Answer," was an international dance hit and earned him a deal with MCA in 1985. He had more success with the singles "Trapped," "I'm Not Gonna Let You," and "How Soon We Forget" in the late '80s, and also recorded a pair of LPs. He continued to record and perform well into the 2000s, but trgically ended up homeless and broke. (Colonel sadly died after a long fight with diabetes) b. May 25th 1949. November 26 . 1956: Tommy Dorsey (51) American jazz trombonist, trumpeter, and bandleader of the Big Band era. He was the younger brother of Jimmy Dorsey. His lyrical trombone style became one of the signature sounds of his band and of the Swing Era. The biographical film of 1947, "The Fabulous Dorseys" describes sketchy details of how the brothers got their start from-the-bottom-up into the jazz era of one-nighters, the early days of radio in its infancy stages, and the onward march when both brothers ended up with Paul Whiteman before 1935 when The Dorsey Brothers' Orchestra split into two. (died by choking in his sleep after a heavy meal following which he had taken sleeping pills. Jimmy Dorsey (out of whose band Tommy had walked two decades earlier) led his brother's band until his own death of throat cancer the following year) b. November 10th 1905. 1959: Albert Ketèlbey (84) British composer born in Birmingham, his music is frequently heard on radio. In a 2003 BBC radio poll by Your 100 Best Tunes, "Bells across the Meadows" was voted 36th most popular tune of all time. Other of his many tunes include In the Mystic Land of Egypt, In a Monastery Garden, The Heart's Awakening, In the Moonlight, Phantasy for String Quartet, Jungle Drums, From a Japanese Screen, In a Chinese Temple Garden, Italian Twilight, Dance of the Merry Mascots, Cockney Suite, and Tangled Tunes (?) b. August 9th 1875. 1961: Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser (86) Russian pianist, teacher and composer, born in Kishinev and studied at the Moscow Conservatory under Sergei Taneyev and Vassily Safonoff, winning the Gold Medal for Piano upon his graduation in 1897. He joined the faculty of the Conservatory shortly afterward and during his tenure there, his pupils included Grigory Ginzburg, Lazar Berman, Samuil Feinberg, Dmitry Kabalevsky, Galina Eguiazarova, Nikolai Petrov, Nikolai Kapustin, Alexander Braginsky, Sulamita Aronovsky, Tatiana Nikolayeva, Dmitry Paperno, Oxana Yablonskaya, Nelly Akopian-Tamarina, Dmitri Bashkirov, Dmitry Blagoy and many others. He made a number of renowned recordings as a pianist. Rachmaninoff's Second Suite, Op. 17, was dedicated to him as well as Medtner's Lyric Fragments, Op. 23. (?) b. March 10th 1875. 1963: Amelita Galli-Curci (81) Italian operatic coloratura soprano. She was one of the best regarded singers of the early 20th century. She toured widely in Europe, Sth America and the USA appearing at many top concert and opera houses. In 1916, Amelita signed a recording contract with the Victor Talking Machine Company and recorded exclusively for the company until 1930. In 1921 Galli-Curci joined the Metropolitan Opera in New York remaining with this organization until her retirement from opera in 1930. (sadly died from emphysema) b. November 18th 1882. 1973: John Rostill (31) English bassist and composer; born in Birmingham, he was recruited by The Shadows to replace Brian Locking. He worked with several artists before joining The Shadows, including The Interns, The Flintstones and a stint in the backing group of Zoot Money. After The Shadows break up at the end of the 60s, he toured with Tom Jones. He was also was a prolific songwriter, contributing to the Shadows' output from the start, both as a solo composer and as part of the mid-sixties "Marvin/Welch/Bennett/Rostill" team , and later going on to write for other artists such as Olivia Newton-John (electrocuted in his home recording studio) b. June 16th 1942. 1978: Frank Rosolino (52) American jazz trombonist; he became famous in the early 50's playing in the most popular of Stan Kenton's progressive big bands, before settling in L.A., where he worked with everybody in the business: Howard Rumsey's Lighthouse All-Stars, Terry Gibbs, Shorty Rogers, Benny Carter, Buddy Rich, Dexter Gordon, Carl Fontana, Jean "Toots" Thielemans, Stan Levey, Shelly Manne, Pete Christlieb, Bobby Knight, Conte Candoli, Med Flory, Donn Trenner, Mel Tormé, Louis Bellson, Tutti Camarata, Marty Paich, Zoot Sims, and Quincy Jones (suffering with depression after his wife's death, he committed suicide after shooting his children, Justin, 9; and Jason, 7; Jason was blinded, but survived) b. August 20th 1926. 2002: Polo Montañez (47) Cuban singer and songwriter; formed his own ensemble of family and friends and quickly became the house act at a resort in the nearby touristic community of Las Terrazas, and in 1999, he signed with European record label Lusafrica after being discovered by one of their directors that was staying at the resort. He had his biggest success in March 2000 with his first CD "Guajiro Natural" and the song "Un montón de Estrellas". He became known as the Guajiro Natural (Natural Countryman) because of his humble personality and songs about the peasant life in Cuba. (died in hospital, as a result of a tragic car accident) b. June 5th 1955. 2003: Soulja Slim/James Tapp Jr (26) US rapper; known for his U.S. #1 hit "Slow Motion" with fellow rapper Juvenile. He was one of Master P's No Limit soldiers, who made his solo debut in 1998 with "Give It 2 'Em Raw". He reappeared 3 years later after a prison stint for armed robbery, with "Streets Made Me". The following year he released "Years Later..A Few Months After", which was his last (on his way to do a show he was shot three times in the face, and once in the chest, in front of his mother's home in New Orleans) b. September 9th 1977. 2005: Mark Craney (53) American drummer born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, he drummed for the rock band Jethro Tull from June 1980 to May 1981. He also played on Tommy Bolin's last-ever tour in 1976; he appeared on Gino Vannelli's album "Brother To Brother", released in 1978 and the following tour. He also appeared on several tracks from Ph.D. (sadly lost to pneumonia) b. August 26th 1952. 2006: Leo Chiosso (86) Italian lyricist mostly known for his work with Fred Buscaglione. They formed a songwriting duo who produced about forty songs and created Buscaglione's public persona, a humorous tough guy with a penchant for whisky and women. The first Buscaglione-Chiosso hit was Che bambola of 1956, the song that brought Buscaglione to nation-wide celebrity. It was followed by many other hits, including Che notte, Criminalmente bella, Il dritto di Chicago, Eri piccola così, Lontano da te, Love in Portofino, Porfirio Villarosa, Sgancia e pedala, Teresa non sparare, Whisky facile. He also penned lyrics for songs such as Parole, parole, parole, Torpedo blu, and Montecarlo. He was a prolific television author too, among his TV credits is the extremely popular music show Canzonissima. He also wrote stories and scripts for cinema (?) b. August 8th 1920. 2009: Pieternella "Pia" Beck (84) Dutch jazz singer and considered one of the best pianists the Netherlands has ever known. She began her career shortly after the end of WWII playing the piano and singing in the Miller Sextet. A few years later she started her own combo. Her first composition, Pia's Boogie, became a hit. She regularly toured Europe and had her own stage in the town of Scheveningen near The Hague. In the 1950 and 60s she made regular appearances in the United States. New Orleans and Atlanta conferred honorary citizenships on her (Died of a heart attack at her home in the Costa del Sol, Spain, where she had lived since 1965) b. September 18th 1925. 2010: Maria Hellwig (90) German yodeler and popular performer of volkstümliche Musik/ alpine folk music, born in Reit im Winkl, Bavaria; at the age of 5, she performed for the first time at Bauer Theatre in Reit im Winkl. She hosted several music TV-shows in the 1980s and 1990s (?) b. February 22nd 1920. 2010: Shahir Vithal Umap (80) Indian folk artist; he won the first prize at the International Folk Music and Art Festival at Cork, Ireland. His roles in Shyam Benegal’s TV series Bharat Ek Khoj and Jabbar Patel’s film Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar won him further laurels and he was nominated for the best actor's award for his performance in a Marathi film Tingya two years ago. Shahir composed music for several films, serials and dramas. He was also a part of popular stage shows Khandobacha Lagin, Gadhwacha Lagna, Jambhool Akhyan and Me Marathi. (died of a heart attack while performing at a function in Nagpur) b. 1931 2010: Mario Pacheco (60) Spanish record producer, photographer and entrepreneur, born in Madrid, he was an essential figure in the development of contemporary flamenco and other musical genres in Spain for more than two decades. In 1982 he founded Nuevos Medios, a record label that introduced countless guitarists, singers and other flamenco notables through his vision in furthering the genre worldwide. Through his company, he released albums by some of the most significative flamenco artists of the period: Carlos Benavent, Diego Carrasco, Jorge Pardo, Ketama, La Macanita, Pata Negra, Golpes Bajos, Martirio, Ray Heredia and La Barbería del Sur, among others. In addition, he released assorted music created by British rock music groups Joy Division, New Order and The Smiths; minimalist musician Steve Reich; jazzists Bill Evans, Keith Jarrett Pat Metheny and Art Pepper, and Cuban music compilations of Bola de Nieve and Benny Moré. He also mixed compilations of his label artists in the series Los Jóvenes Flamencos (sadly died while fighting cancer) b. November 6th 1950. 2011: Keith "Keef" Hartley (67) English drummer and bandleader born in Preston, Lancashire. He fronted his own band, the Keef Hartley Band or the Keef Hartley Big Band, and played at Woodstock. He was later a member of Dog Soldier, and has worked with Rory Storm, replacing Ringo; The Artwoods and John Mayall. In 2007, he released a ghostwritten autobiography, Halfbreed (A Rock and Roll Journey That Happened Against All the Odds). He wrote about his life growing up in Preston, and his career as a drummer and bandleader, including his band's appearance at Woodstock (tragically Keef died at at Royal Preston Hospital from complications from surgery) b. April 8th 1944 Some sources give Keef's death as 27th, also 28th of November 2013: Stan Stennett (88) Welsh comic entertainer, actor and jazz musician, born in Cardiff. During World War II, he served in the army and also worked as an entertainer. He made his professional stage debut with a group called the Harmaniacs and later became resident comedian on a radio show, Welsh Rarebit, but his break was being chosen as one of the regular comedy guests on The Black and White Minstrel Show.He also played trumpet and guitar and in his eighties still performed on stage. Stan was a friend of Eric Morecambe and he hosted Eric's final show on 27 May 1984, after which Eric died of a heart attack. Stan's autobiography, Fully Booked, was published in 2010 (sadly died from complications following stroke) b. July 30th 1925. 2013: Arik Einstein (74) Israeli singer, songwriter and actor born in Tel Aviv; his father urged him to audition for an army entertainment troupe and he was accepted into the Nahal Brigade troupe. He went on to become vocalist for the bands Batzal Yarok/Green Onion, Shleeshiyat Gesher Hayarkon/Yarkon Bridge Trio and Hahalonot Hagvohim /The High Windows. His collaboration with Shalom Hanoch and the Churchills led to the first Israeli rock albums. Arik also wrote the lyrics of many of his own songs, among them "Ani Veata"/Me and You, "Sa Le'at"/Drive Slowly, "Mekofef Habbanot"/the Banana Man, "Yoshev Al HaGader"/Sitting on the Fence, "Ima Sheli"/My Mother and "Uf Gozal"/Fly, Little Nestling (sadly died from an aortic aneurism) b. January 3rd 1939. 2014: Sabah/Jeanette Gergis Al-Feghali (87) Lebanese singer and actress born in Bdadoun; considered a "Diva of Music" in the Arab World, she released over 50 albums and acted in 98 movies as well as over 20 stage plays. She had a reported 3,500 songs in her repertoire. She was one of the first Arabic singer to perform at Olympia in Paris, Carnegie Hall in New York, and Piccadilly Theatre in London and Sydney Opera House in Sydney. She was one of the four Lebanese icons along with Fairuz, Wadih El Safi and Zaki Nassif and was honored Lifetime Achievement Award from the Dubai International Film Festival (?) b. November 10th 1927. November 27th . 1932: Evelyn Preer (36)American actress and singer; a notable pioneering African-American stage and screen actress and a blues singer of the 1910s through the early 1930s. As well as her many film roles an accomplished vocalist and during stints in cabaret and musical theatre was occasionally backed by such legendary and diverse musicians as Duke Ellington and Red Nichols. (after giving birth to her first and only child, she developed post-parturition complications and died of double pneumonia) b. July 16th 1896. 1955: Arthur Honegger (63) Swiss composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. He wrote the ballet Le dit des jeux du monde in 1918, generally considered to be his first characteristic work. His most frequently performed work is probably the orchestral work Pacific 231, which is interpreted as imitating the sound of a steam locomotive. In 1953 Arthur wrote his last composition, A Christmas Cantata. He was also a co-founded of Les Six with his five friends around 1920 and remained a member all his life. In their music they tried to be different from Richard Wagner and other composers of Romantic music, and different from Debussy and Ravel who had been writing Impressionistic music. They also wanted to write in a simple way instead of using complicated rhythms such as those of Stravinsky or twelve tone music like Arnold Schoenberg. Many of their pieces were quite short. They liked strong, masculine music, especially jazz. (sadly died after suffering a heart attack) b. March 10th 1892. 1958: Artur Rodzinski (66) Polish conductor of opera and symphonic music born in Split, the capital of Dalmatia; he went on to work at all the top opera houses and orchestras around the world, such as the Chicago Symphony, Cleveland Orchestra, Los Angeles Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra. he recorded extensively with Thomas Beecham's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London from 1955. His final recordings were for EMI in 1958 (?) b. January 1st 1892 1973: Jimmy Widener (54) American rhythm guitarist, banjo player and vocalist who played with Hank Snow (tragically he was shot dead, his body was left in an alley) b. March 12th 1918 1973: Frank Christian (86) American New Orleans jazz trumpeter; started working with bandleader Papa Jack Laine about 1908 and became a mainstay in Papa Jack's bands. He also worked in the bands of Tom Brown, Johnny Fischer, and led his own band. He worked in Chicago, New York and toured on Vaudeville with Gilda Gray and played in various theatre and dance bands before retiring to his home town of New Orleans (?) b. September 3rd 1887 1981: Lotte Lenya (81) Austrian singer and actress; In 1956 she won a Tony Award for her role as Jenny in Marc Blitzstein's English version of The Threepenny Opera, the only time an Off-Broadway performance has been so honored. She went on to record a number of songs from her time in Berlin, as well as songs from the US theatre. Her voice had grown a lot deeper so when she was to sing the soprano part in Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and opera, the part was re-written in lower keys (cancer) b. October 18th 1898 1994: Fernando Lopes-Graça (87) Portuguese composer and conductor, he worked both as a contemporary music composer and as a musicologist. His major influences came from Portuguese popular music, and continued the work of other musicologists, like Francisco de Lacerda. He was a member of the Portuguese Communist Party and was a strong opponent to "Estado Novo" and its leader António de Oliveira Salazar. He completed the "Dicionário de Música"/Dictionary of Music, started by his teacher, Tomás Borba (?) b. December 17th 1906. 1998: Barbara Acklin (55) American singer and songwriter born in Chicago; she began singing in church and then as a teenager in nightclubs while attending Dunbar Vocational High school. Her biggest hit was "Love Makes a Woman" in 1968 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Other hits included "Show Me the Way to Go," and her first single, "Raindrops,". She was also a background singer on Chess Records sessions with artists like Etta James and Fontella Bass. Besides her singing career she was proficient as a songwriterand she co-wrote "Have You Seen Her", a major hit for The Chi-Lites and several of their other biggest songs: "Oh Girl", "Stoned Out Of My Mind" and "Toby" as well as her own releases. Her distinctive voice also featured occasionally on background vocals on some of The Chi-Lites' records (sadly lost to pneumonia) b. February 28th 1943 2002: John McLevy (75) Scottish jazz trumpeter born Dundee; he played in local bands in his mid teens, before moving to London where he joined the line-up of the BBC Show Band lead by Cyril Stapleton. Included in his London years was a lengthy stint at the Savoy Hotel with bandleader, Francisco Cavez. He also recorded numerous albums with Max Bygraves. He played in Europe for Benny Goodman in the 1970s, alongside George Masso, Hank Jones and Slam Stewart and also performed with artists such as , Roy Williams, accordionist Jack Emblow and later in a duo with veteran trumpeter Tommy McQuater, retiring in the 90s (?) b. January 2nd 1927. 2005: Joe Jones (79) American R&B singer, songwriter and arranger; he is credited with discovering The Dixie Cups. (he is not to be confused with guitarist Ivan "Boogaloo Joe" Jones) As a singer, his greatest hit was the Top Five 1960 R&B hit "You Talk Too Much" that also reached No.3 on the Pop chart. He claimed to have written a few songs, including some New Orleans Mardi Gras classic, but his claims have not be proven (complications from quadruple bypass surgery) b. August 12th 1926 2006: Alan "Fluff" Freeman (79) English/Australian DJ, TV & radio personality; he presented late-evening programmes on Radio Luxembourg in the 1960s and early 1970s. He also worked for the BBC and then Capital Radio from 1979 to 1988, returned to the BBC on BBC Radio 2, he revived both Pick of the Pops and The Rock Show, in the 1990s. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1998. In May 2000 he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement award at the Sony Radio Academy Awards. He originally wanted to be an opera singer, but decided his voice was not strong enough. In 1952 he was invited to audition as a radio announcer and commenced working for 7LA in Tasmania, known as the teenager's station, before moving to radio station 3KZ in Melbourne. He came to UK in 1957 (died peacefully at his home in London, after a brief illness) b. July 6th 1927 2006: Don Butterfield (83) American tuba player; born in Centralia, Washington started in the late 1940s playing for the CBS and NBC radio networks. He played in orchestras, including the American Symphony, Radio City Music Hall Orchestra and on albums by Jackie Gleason. In the 1950s, he switched to jazz, backing such artists as Dizzy Gillespie, Frank Sinatra, Charles Mingus, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Jimmy Smith and Moondog. He fronted his own sextet for a 1955 album on Atlantic Records and played the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival. In the 1970s he worked as a session musician. He played on recordings for a variety of artists and on television and film soundtracks, including The Godfather Part II. (stroke-related illness) b. January 4th 1923. 2006: Tony "Panama" Silvester (65) US Panama born singer; relocated in Harlem New York, he co-founded a trio called the Poets in 1964, with singers Donald McPherson and Luther Simmons Jr., but they soon changed their name to the Insiders and signed with RCA. After a couple of singles, they changed their name once again in 1966, to the Main Ingredient, taking the name from a Coke bottle. They had hits with "You've Been My Inspiration", "I'm So Proud", "Spinning Around (I Must Be Falling in Love)" and "Black Seeds Keep on Growing," but sadly in 1971 McPherson, was suddenly taken ill and died unexpectedly of leukemia. Eventually Cuba Gooding Sr took his place. "Everybody Plays the Fool," become the group's biggest hit. After some solo releases Tony, Gooding and Simmons reunited as the Main Ingredient in 1979, and recorded two more albums, 1980's Ready for Love and 1981's I Only Have Eyes for You. The trio reunited for a second time in 1986, recording "Do Me Right". Simmons was replaced by Jerome Jackson on the 1989 Polydor album I Just Wanna Love You. In the wake of Aaron Neville's Top Ten revival of "Everybody Plays the Fool," Gooding resumed his solo career and issued his third album in 1993. Tony and Simmons re-formed the Main Ingredient in 1999 with new lead singer Carlton Blount; this line-up recorded Pure Magic in 2001 (died after a six-year struggle with multiple myeloma) b. October 7th 1941. 2007: Cecil Payne (84) American Jazz baritone saxophonist, but also played the alto saxophone and flute. Born in Brooklyn, New York, he began his professional recording career with J. J. Johnson in 1946. He has played with many jazz greats, in particular Dizzy Gillespie and Randy Weston, in addition to his solo work as bandleader. He was still recording regularly for Delmark Records in the 1990s, when he was in his seventies, and indeed well into the new millennium (?) b. December 14th 1922. 2009: Al Alberts/Al Albertini (87) American singer born in Chester, Philadelphia. As a teenager, Al appeared on the radio program the Horn and Hardart Children's Hour. After graduating from South Philadelphia High, he went to Temple University and into the US Navy, where he met Dave Mahoney. They went on to found The Four Aces. The Four Aces recorded the song "Three Coins in the Fountain", the song hit the No.1 spot twice in 1954, and won the Academy Award. Their biggest hit "Love is a Many Splendored Thing", the theme to a 1955 movie was at No.1 for four weeks, this track also won the Academy Award for best song. Al also popularized the song "On the Way to Cape May", on record , and later on his television show and specials. Al went on to became a TV personality in Philadelphia where he also hosted a one-hour Saturday afternoon talent show, called Al Alberts Showcase (kidney failure) b. August 10th 1922 2009: Jacques Braunstein (78) Romanian- Venezuelan economist, publicist and jazz disc jockey, born in Bucharest. He studied violin at six and at 13 took up the acoustic bass. He moved to Brazil with his family before settling in Caracas, Venezuela in the early 1950s, becoming a Venezuelan citizen in 1955. He studied at the Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning two post-graduate degrees in economics and chemical industry. Jacques founded his radio show Idioma del Jazz in 1955 and the Caracas Jazz Club in 1956 and August 12th 1956, he promoted the first official jazz concert in Venezuela at Caracas National Theatre inviting the clarinetist and saxophonist John LaPorta to play. Over the years he organized many concerts with notables jazz groups led by the likes of Nat Adderley, Jeff Berlin, Eddie Bert, Randy Brecker, Gary Burton, Charlie Byrd, Chick Corea, Paco de Lucía, Paquito D'Rivera, Bill Evans, Maynard Ferguson, Miroslav Vitouš, Dizzy Gillespie, Woody Herman, Barney Kessel, Tito Puente, and Paul Winter, among others. For many years, he also worked as a foreign correspondent for magazines such as Billboard, Down Beat and Paris Match. He was honored by the U. S. Embassy in Venezuela on the 50th anniversary of his weekly jazz radio show, in virtue of his public profile, his love of jazz, his dedication and becoming an ambassador of good will for the radio listeners during more than 2500 continuous editions from 1955 through 2005 (heart failure) b. August 30th 1931. 2009: Bess Lomax Hawes (88) American folklorist and musician, born in Austin, Texas. Bess learnt piano, guitar and folk music from a very early age, from her father, twice president of the American Folklore Society. In the early 1940s she moved to New York City, where she was active on the folk scene. She was an on-and-off member of the Almanac Singers and married singer Baldwin "Butch" Hawes; another fellow Almanac member, Woody Guthrie, taught her mandolin. She wrote campaign songs for Walter A. O'Brien and co-wrote, with Jacqueline Steiner, "M.T.A.," a hit for the Kingston Trio. In the 1950s she moved to California, she taught guitar, banjo, mandolin and folk singing, as well as playing at local clubs and folk festivals such as the Newport Folk Festival and the Berkeley Folk Festival. In 1975, Bess worked in administration at the Smithsonian Institution, where she was instrumental in organizing the Smithsonian's 1976 Bicentennial Festival of Traditional Folk Arts on the National Mall. Bess was given an Honorary Doctorate from the University of North Carolina and the National Medal of Arts awarded in 1993 by President Bill Clinton. Her memoir, Sing It Pretty, was published by Illinois University Press in 2008 (stroke) b. January 21st 1921. 2009: Geneviève Joy (90) French classical and modernist pianist, born in the small commune of Bernaville in the Somme. Geneviève was a piano prodigy who was accepted in to the world-renowned Conservatoire de Paris in 1932 at the age of 12. At the end of World War II in 1945, she formed a duo-piano partnership with Jacqueline Robin which lasted for forty-five years, until 1990. Her husband composer Henri Dutilleux, dedicated his Piano Sonata to her, Geneviève recorded the sonata for Erato Records in 1988 (died in her sleep) b. October 4th 1919 2011: Sultan Khan (71) Indian sarangi player and singer who performed Hindustani classical music. He was one of the members of the Indian fusion group Tabla Beat Science, with Zakir Hussain and Bill Laswell. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honor, in 2010 (sadly died from kidney failure) b. 1940. 2012: Mickey "Guitar" Baker/MacHouston Baker (87) American guitarist and songwriter born in Louisville, Kentucky. At the age of 16 he ran away from an orphanage and stayed in New York City. He found work as a laborer and then a dishwasher, but he gave up work to become a full-time pool shark. At 19, he wanted to become a jazz musician, so taught himself guitar. By 1949, he had his own combo, and he went west where he was introduced to the blues. He returned east where he did sessions with Little Willie John- "Need Your Love So Bad", The Drifters- "Money Honey", Ruth Brown- "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean", Big Joe Turner- "Shake, Rattle and Roll", Ike & Tina Turner- "It's Gonna Work Out Fine", as well as Coleman Hawkins, Ivory Joe Hunter, Ray Charles, Louis Jordan and many others. >>> READ MORE <<< (Mickey passed away from kidney and heart failure his home in Montastruc-la-Conseillère, France) b. October 15th 1925. 2013: Chet Kruley/Chester J. Krolewicz (89) American musician, jazz guitarist and music teacher; born in Cambridge, USA and began his musical career at the age of 19 playing guitar with Fletcher Hendersons Swing Band, making him the first white guitarist to join an all-black band, breaking the reverse colour line. Chet supported U.S. Military troops, by providing entertainment with the USO Camp Shows around the world. At the height of his career, he played for famous jazz singers and celebrities like Anita ODay, Morgana King, Robert Goulet, Jimmie Lunceford, Rich Little, Bob Hope, Frank Sinatra, Sid Ceaser, Tony Bennett, Perry Como, Jackie Gleason and Nat Pierce. He spent several years as Diana Rosss lead guitarist and performed with the Supremes and actor Lou Gossett Junior. Chet also taught at Berklee College of Music and later, began private lessons at Central Music in Brockton and Ricks Music World. (?) b. 1934. 2014: Érick Bamy aka Érick Stevens (64) French singer born in Guadeloupe, Bamy; he was singer in the rhythm 'n' blues band the Frogeaters from 1967 until 1972, when then the band broke up. In 1973 he made an appearance in the Jacques Brel film, The Wild West, before he became part of Johnny Hallyday's vocal group, for which he also composed some songs. Their collaboration lasted 25 years and ended in August 2000. Erick then devoted time to his own career and recorded several albums. In 2010 he was a finalist in French Got talent called La France a un incroyable talent on M6, and in 2012 he formed the soul trio Vigon Bamy Jay, along with singers Vigon and Jay Jay Kani; their debut album The Soul Men went platinum (sadly died from a fast cancer) b. November 30th 1949. 2016: Tony Martell (90) American music industry senior executive, philanthropist and the founder of the T.J. Martell Foundation. His music industry career spanned the 1960s through the 1990s with experience as an A&R director, record label vice president, and record label head, primarily with CBS Records/Sony Music Entertainment, and its subsidiaries. He worked with musicians who covered a wide range of musical styles including jazz, rock, soul, pop, blues, and heavy metal. In the 1960s and 1970s, Tony helped direct the careers of The Isley Brothers, and The O'Jays. In the 1980s, he was instrumental in bringing both Stevie Ray Vaughan and Ozzy Osbourne to Epic Records. He is credited as Executive Producer on over 50 albums for artists as diverse as Stevie Ray Vaughan, The Isley Brothers, The O'Jays, George Benson, Gerry Mulligan, Jim Hall, Lalo Schifrin, Bill Withers, Patti Austin, George Duke, Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, Eumir Deodato, and Stanley Turrentine. The 1980s, saw him head of the CBS Associated Records, where he continued his work with Ozzy Osbourne and also signed The Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer amongst others to the label. (?) b. 1926 November 28 . 1935: Erich Moritz von Hornbostel (58) Austrian ethnomusicologist; remembered for his pioneering work in the field of ethnomusicology, and for the Sachs-Hornbostel system of musical instrument classification which he co-authored with Curt Sachs (?) b. February 25th 1877. 1972: William "Havergal" Brian (96) British classical composer, who at last acquired a legendary status when his work was rediscovered in the '50s and '60s, 32 symphonies he had managed to write, an unusually large number for any composer since Haydn or Mozart, and of which eight were completed after the age of 90. He is also notable for his creative persistence in the face of almost total neglect during the greater part of his long life. Few composers who have fallen into neglect after an early period of success have continued to produce so many serious and ambitious works so long after any chance of performance had gone (?) b. January 29th 1876. 1972: Jimmy Lytell (67) American clarinetist; his first professional experience came at age 12, and by the beginning of the 1920s he was recording with jazz ensembles. He played in the Original Indiana Five in 1921 and the Original Memphis Five between 1922-25, and also played in the Original Dixieland Jazz Band in 1922-24. After the 1920s he rarely performed in jazz settings, spending more time as a studio and orchestra musician. He worked as a staff musician for NBC during this time. From 1949 into the late 1950s he appeared in the New Original Memphis Five revival band (?) b. December 1st 1904 1992: Wayne Bennett (57) American blues guitarist; he worked with prominent blues musicians such as John Lee Hooker, Bobby Bland, Boxcar Willie, Buddy Guy, and Elmore James, as well as with renowned jazz musicians, Dexter Gordon, Cannonball Adderley, and Sonny Stitt. In 1990, he played on Willy DeVille's album Victory Mixture, also played with such R & B acts as the Chi-Lites, the Lost Generation, the Hues Corporation; among many others and cut his own record in '68, an instrumental "Casanova, Your Playing Days are Over" (?) b. December 13th 1931 1993: Jerry Edmonton/Jerry McCrohan (47) Canadian drummer; he and his brother formed the band The Sparrows. John Kay and Goldy McJohn joined the group in Toronto in 1965, after some more line up changes and relocating to California, the group was renamed to Steppenwolf. When Steppenwolf temporarily broke up on Valentine's Day 1972, he and Goldy McJohn formed a band "Seven" after which they formed "Manbeast" before Steppenwolf reconvened in '74 for three albums before breaking up again in 1976 (car crash) b. October 24th 1946. 2001: Kal Mann/Kalman Cohen (84) American lyricist born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; he began his career in entertainment as a comedy writer for Danny Thomas and Red Buttons, until his friend and songwriter, Bernie Lowe, encouraged him to try writing lyrics for the music industry. He went on to co-write among many others Elvis Presley's "Teddy Bear," Bobby Rydell's "Wild One", and Chubby Checker's "Let's Twist Again." Charlie Gracie's "Butterfly and "Fabulous", just to mention a few of hits many hits. He wrote some songs such as "Limbo Rock" credited under the pseudonym Jon Sheldon (sadly taken by the cruel Alzheimer's disease)b. May 6th 1917. 2002: Dave "Snaker" Ray (59) American blues singer and guitarist who was most notably associated with Spider John Koerner and Tony Glover recording 6 albums. In the 80,s he and Glover released 3 albums and in 1998, he and Glover joined with Camile Baudoin and Reggie Scanlan of The Radiators to form The Back Porch Rockers band, which released the album "By The Water" in 2000 (sadly lost his battle with cancer) b. August 17th 1943. 2005: Tony Meehan (62) English drummer, born in New End, Hampstead, London; he a founder members of the group The Shadows, along with Jet Harris, Hank B. Marvin and Bruce Welch. He played drums on all the early Cliff Richard and The Shadows hits and also played on the early hits the Shadows had as an instrumental group. In 1961 he went to work as an arranger / producer and occasional session drummer for Joe Meek and from early 1962 at Decca Records. He subsequently teamed up again with Jet Harris, who had also left the Shadows and moved to Decca and as a duo they had great success notably on the track, "Diamonds" which also included Jimmy Page on acoustic rhythm guitar. "Diamonds" was a number one hit in the UK Singles Chart. Tony briefly played with The Shadows some years later when Brian Bennett was hospitalised. He quit the music industry in the 1990s for a major career change as a psychologist (tragically he died from head injuries after a fall) b. March 2nd 1943. 2007: Frédéric "Fred" Chichin (53) French singer guitarist born in Clichy, France, he was the lead member of the band Les Rita Mitsouko, along with Catherine Ringer, whom he met in 1979. Prior to this he had also been active in the rock bands Fassbinder, Taxi Girl and Gazoline (heart failure, following complications of the cancer which had diagnosed two months earlier) b. May 1st 1954. 2007: Ashley Titus/Mr. Fat (36) South African rapper and TV presenter; started making hip hop in the 1980s, as well as hosting a hip hop show on Bush Radio. In the 1990s he rapped for Cape Flats-based hip hop group Brasse vannie Kaap, who won an audience that crossed both musical and racial boundaries, attracting hip hop and rock fans of various ethnic backgrounds; they were also noted for their prominent use of the Afrikaans language in their music. With BVK, he also became known for his strong community involvement, musical focus on Cape Flats issues, and attempts to reach out to youth imprisoned in local jails. The 1990s also saw Titus present a magazine show simply named Hip Hop for the MK89 music channel. (heart problems) b. December 28th 1970. 2011: Thomas Roady (62) American drummer born in in Alton Illinois; for nearly 40 years he had been a top studio musician recording with dozens of artists like Vince Gill, Dixie Chicks, Suzy Bogguss, Kenny Chesney, Etta James, Kenny Rogers, James Brown, Millie Jackson, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Andy Gibb Donovan, and Art Garfunkel. He toured many years with top acts like James Taylor, Paul Anka, Phil Driscoll and John Denver. At the time of his death he was touring with the Grammy-winning bluegrass legend Ricky Skaggs. (tragically Tom died in his sleep from heart problems while on the Ricky Skaggs tour bus) b. January 17th 1949. 2012: Franco Ventriglia (90) American opera singer born in Fairfield, Connecticut and enlisted in the Marine Corps, serving in the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing in the South Pacific during World War II. He went on to sing bass in every major European opera house during the 1950s, 60s, and 70s. He sang with Luciano Pavarotti in La bohème and Rigoletto and performed in Samson and Delilah at La Scala, a performance he considered the highlight of his career. He returned to the U.S. in 1978, where he continued to perform at venues including Carnegie Hall, and traveled to perform in southeast Asia, until his retirement in 2001 (?) b. October 20th 1922. 2014: Frances Nero née Peak (71) American soul and jazz singer, born in Asheville, North Carolina. She started out She started out performing on local radio, and sang lead vocals with two local groups, the Tams, and the Untils, a group of her school classmates. She moved to Detroit, married and sang jazz in nightclubs, before entering a talent contest on WCHB, sponsored by Motown. She became the first live performance winner in Motown Records's history, emerging the winner out of 5,000 contestants in June 1965. She was awarded $500, a dozen long stemmed red roses, a recording contract for one year and the honor of being the first female artist signed to Motown's subsidiary Soul label. She released her debut single "Keep On Lovin' Me" in 1966. She left the music business in the early 70s, but in 1989 she was contacted by Ian Levine, a British record producer and promoter of Northern soul music, and they recorded "Footsteps Following Me", her first recording for 23 years, the single reached No.17 in the UK Singles Chart in 1991, and was dubbed by British disc jockeys "the soul anthem of the nineties". In the late 90s she formed her own record label, AJA Records and in 2006, she issued a DVD autobiography, Mountains, Motown & Motion Pictures (?) b. March 13th 1943. 2016: Carlton Kitto (74) Indian jazz guitarist; born in Bangalore, where he started working in the railways in his early days, before starting his music career in Chennai in the 1960s. He moved to Kolkata in 1973 where he became a part of the Jazz Ensemble in Moulin Rogue. Carlton was also a teacher of jazz and classical guitar at the Calcutta School of Music. Over his career he played along side artists such as Sonny Rollins, Clark Terry, David Leibman, Larry Coryell, Chico Freeman and Charlie Byrd. (sadly died after a long illness) b. 1942. November 29 . 1924: Giacomo Puccini (73) Italian composer, organist; his operas, including La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly, are among the most frequently performed in the standard repertoire. Some of his arias, such as "O mio babbino caro" from Gianni Schicchi, "Che gelida manina" from La bohème, and "Nessun dorma" from Turandot, have become part of popular culture. (throat cancer led his doctors to recommend a new and experimental radiation therapy treatment, he died of complications from the treatment; uncontrolled bleeding led to a heart attack the day after surgery) b. December 22nd 1858 1954: Oliver "Dink" Johnson (62) American multi musician; played drums with Jelly Roll Morton, clarinet with the Five Hounds of Jazz and recorded exstensivley mainly on piano. He worked around Mississippi and New Orleans, before moving to the western United States in the early 1910s. He played around Nevada and California, often with his brother Bill. Most prominently he played with the Original Creole Orchestra, mainly on drums. He made his first recordings in 1922 on clarinet with Kid Ory's Band. For many years he was based in LA, where he led a band in the 1920s. He made more recordings in the '40s and '50s, mostly on piano, also doing some one-man band recordings, he played all three of his instruments through over dubbing (died in Portland, Oregon) b. October 28th 1892. 1963: Ernesto Lecuona y Casado (68) Cuban composer and pianist born in Guanabacoa, Havana. He composed over six hundred pieces, mostly in the Cuban vein, and was a pianist of exceptional quality. He was a prolific composer of songs and music for stage and film. His works consisted of zarzuela, Afro-Cuban and Cuban rhythms, suites and many songs which are still very famous. They include Siboney (Canto Siboney), Malagueña and The Breeze And I (Andalucía). In 1942, his great hit, Always in my heart (Siempre en mi Corazon) was nominated for an Oscar for Best Song; however, it lost to White Christmas. Lecuona was a master of the symphonic form and conducted the Ernesto Lecuona Symphonic Orchestra. The Orchestra performed in the Cuban Liberation Day Concert at Carnegie Hall (died in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands) b. August 6th 1895. 1972: Carl Stalling (81) American composer and arranger born in Lexington, Missouri; he was a composer for music in animated films. He is most closely associated with the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts produced by Warner Bros., where he averaged one complete score each week, for 22 years (?) b. November 10th 1891. 1989: Ann Burton/Johanna Rafalowicz (56) Dutch jazz singer born in Amsterdam where her family had to go into hiding because of her Jewish descent, not to get caught by the German occupiers. Ann started out singing with a touring combo, at this stage she adopted her stage name Ann Burton. She next joined the small Amsterdam theatre 'Het Bavohuis', before she debuted in 1965 with her self titled album, followed by Blue Burton; Ballads And Burton; Ann Burton Sings For Lovers And Other Strangers; Misty Burton; and By Myself Alone in 1974. From 1965 to her death Ann released 20 albums (Unfortunately in 1980 Johanna was stricken by a fatal disease of which after brave and long suffering she died) b. March 4th 1933. 1998: George Van Eps (85) American swing and mainstream jazz guitarist and son of the legendary classic banjo player Fred Van Eps. Often called "the Father of the Seven String Guitar", he was noted both for his recordings as a leader, and for his work as a session musician. He was also the author of instructional books that explored his approach to guitar-based harmony. He was well known as a pioneer of the seven-string guitar, which allowed him to incorporate sophisticated bass lines into his improvisation. He was a strong influence on later seven-string players such as Howard Alden, Bucky Pizzarelli, and John Pizzarelli (?) b. August 7th 1913. 1999: Curtis Knight/Curtis McNear (54) American singer; he worked and recorded with Jimi Hendrix in the early 60's and introduced Hendrix to Ed Chalpin who had him sign a contract that gave Hendrix only 1% of any royalties that his recordings earned. In the 70s Curtis moved to London, England where he formed the group "Curtis Knight & Zeus", and toured throughout Europe, relying on his "Hendrix" connection for many years (?) b. 1945. 2001: Mic Christopher (32) Irish singer and songwriter born in the Bronx, New York, but he moved back to Dublin with his parents. In 1990 Christopher formed the band, the Mary Janes with former Kila bass player and fellow busker, Karl Odlum, with Simon Goode on guitar and Steven Hogan on drums. Over the following years The Mary Janes played everywhere from the Feile and the Fleadh music festivals in Ireland, to Glastonbury Festival in England, to the CMJ in New York. The band also performed a six week stint in Bosnia with the War Child charity organization. The Mary Janes finally split in 1999 and Christopher embarked on a three month solo tour of Victoria, Australia. Mic had been working on a solo album entitled Skylarkin' prior to his death. (while in Groningen, Netherlands, after he had played his set, Mic was found unconscious, having apparently struck his head on some steps following a fall. On arrival at a local hospital, he was found to have lapsed into a coma as a result of severe swelling to the brain. Sadly he never regained consciousness) b. September 21st 1969. 2001: George Harrison (58) English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, author, film producer and sitarist born in Liverpool; he is best known as the lead guitarist and youngest member of The Beatles. Following the band's demise, he had a successful career as a solo artist and later as part of the Traveling Wilburys, a super group where he was known as both Nelson Wilbury and Spike Wilbury. (sadly lost to lung cancer) b. February 25th 1943. 2007: Jim Nesbitt (76) American country comic singer; his first hit "Please Mr. Kennedy" reached No.1, he recorded over 200 tunes including "A Tiger In My Tank", "New Frontier" "Lookin' For More In '64" (died after battling a heart condition for several years) b. December 1st 1931. 2007: Tom Gerald Terrell (57) was a music journalist, photographer, deejay, promoter, and NPR music reviewer. He made his mark as a radio personality and concert promoter, impacting the music scene as a programmer for WHFS and WPFW, and was an early force behind d.c. space, its non-profit offshoot, District Curators Inc., and the Nightclub 9:30. Blessed with a honey baritone "radio voice" and encyclopedic music knowledge, his pioneering radio shows included "Stolen Moments" on WPFW, and "Sunday Reggae Splashdown" and "Café C'est What" on WHFS. His perceptive music journalism was carried in the Unicorn Times, the Washington City Paper, JazzTimes, Vibe, Essence, Emerge, Savoy, JAZZIZ, Trace, Village Voice, MTV Magazine, Down Beat Magazine, and Global Rhythms, to name a few. He was a life-long musicologist who recognized talent and trends long before they became popular, and, until his death from , worked to promote new acts in jazz, funk, rock, hip-hop, and world music (sadly Tom died after battling prostate cancer) b. July 16th 1950. 2010: John Gerrish (100) American composer, best known for The Falcon, a cappella piece for SATB based on the Middle or Early Modern English Corpus Christi Carol. Other better-known works include Variations on a Burgundian Carol for 3 Recorders, based on the carol Patapan, published in New York by Associated Music Publishers in 1957, I Sing A Maiden-1953, Fifteen Christmas melodies for soprano recorder and piano-1954, and the piano solos Country Dance, Mountain Climbing and 'South Wind-1954 (?) b. August 14th 1910 2010: Peter Hofmann (66) German operatic tenor, born in born in Marienbad, German Sudetenland (now modern Mariánské Lázne, Czech Republic) and grew up in Darmstadt. He made his professional opera debut in 1972 as Tamino in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's The Magic Flute at Theater Lübeck and sang his first Siegmund in Richard Wagner's Die Walküre, a role which he became closely associated with, at the Wuppertal Opera in 1974. Peter wnet on to have a successful performance career within the fields of opera, rock, pop, and musical theatre. He first rose to prominence in 1976 as a heldentenor at the Bayreuth festival where he drew critical acclaim for his performance of Siegmund in Richard Wagner's Die Walküre. He was active as one of the world's leading Wagnerian tenors over the next decade, performing roles like Lohengrin, Parsifal, Siegfried, and Tristan at major opera houses and festivals internationally (Peter sadly died of dementia and Parkinson's disease) b. August 22nd 1944. 2013: Oliver Cheatham (65) American singer born in Detroit, Michigan and was a member of several local groups including The Young Sirs, Mad Dog And The Pups and Gaslight before releasing a single, "Hard Times". After playing in a few more bands he was signed by MCA Records as a solo singer. His first chart success came in 1983 with his co-penned "Get Down Saturday Night", which was a chart hit on both sides of the Atlantic. He returned to the UK charts in 2003, with his No.1 single, "Make Luv", which sampled "Get Down Saturday Night", though he re-recorded his vocal parts for later releases. The track was featured on a commercial for Lynx deodorant on British TV. Its success in the UK led Oliver to relocate to Surrey, England and he recorded in London for the Native Soul record label (sadly Oliver died following a heart attack in his sleep) b. 1948. 2013: Dick Dodd/Joseph Richard Dodd Jr (68) American actor, singer and drummer, born in Hermosa Beach, CA; he joined the cast of The Mickey Mouse Club at the age of nine in 1955, its first season. He was later a member of two surf rock bands, The Bel-Airs and Eddie & the Showmen, which he formed with Eddie Bertrand. He appeared as a dancer in the 1963 film musical Bye Bye Birdie and had television guest roles in the 1960s. Dick was drummer and vocalist for The Standells starting in 1964. Their biggest hit, "Dirty Water", recorded in 1965, became an anthem for sports fans in Boston with its refrain of "Boston, you're my home". He continued to perform occasionally, including as Dick Dodd and the Dodd Squad and in some reunions of the Standells from the 1980s onwards, making his last performance with them in 2012 (sadly died while fighting cancer) b. October 27th 1945. 2014: Luc De Vos (52) Belgian lead singer, guitarist and writer, born in the village of Wippelgem near Ghent. In 1989 Luc was a founding member of of the Belgian rock band Gorky, which not long after changed its name to Gorki. In 1990, the group finished 3rd in Humo's Rock Rally and in 1991 the band had their first hit single with 'Anja'. This was followed by other hits including 'Lieve kleine piranha', 'Schaduw in de schemering' and 'Joerie'. Luc was a band member until his death. As well as his life with the band, Luc guested on many TV programmes and voiced VW bus in the Flemish version of the Disney movie Cars. He also wrote columns for, among others, Flemish radio station Studio Brussel and the Ghent city magazine Zone 09, as well as writing several books, the most recent of which, Paddenkoppenland/Toadheadsland, was described by many as an autobiography even though Luc himself denied this (sadly Luc passed away as a result of acute organ failure) b. July 12th 1962. 2014: Jon Ster (52) American rock guitar and keyboards with the New Orleans hard rock band Lillian Axe. Their classic line-up came together when Stiff members which were himself and Ron Taylor teamed up with Lillian Axe members Rob Stratton, Steve Blaze, and Danny King in 1987. Success came with their 3rd album Poetic Justice, released in 1992, which produced the hit single, "True Believer". On May 16th 2010, Lilian Axe became the first hard rock act to be inducted into The Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. After the band split Jon went on to co-form the band Brand New Machine in the late 90s (sadly Jon died from heart failure) b. 1962 2016: Ray Columbus (74) New Zealand rock singer, songwriter, television host, music manager and entertainer, with a career spanning six decades. He formed his first band in 1959, The Dominoes, and got his big break playing with the Downbeats Band which later became Ray and the Drifters.As the lead singer of Ray Columbus & the Invaders his most well known hit was "She's A Mod", part of the new wave surf music craze released in 1964, and "Mod Dance" which became a No.1 hit in Australia, the first song from a New Zealand group to reach the top of the charts in another country. In 1973, Ray received the Benny Award from the Variety Artists Club of New Zealand Inc, the highest honour for a New Zealand variety entertainer and in the 1974 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to entertainment. He had been a solo artist, TV host, and diversified into music management, when in the late 1990s he managed the band Zed. Ray also toured with The Rolling Stones, Roy Orbison and The Newbeats, as well as playing Royal Command Performances and being the opener of the 1974 New Zealand Commonwealth Games. (In April 2014, Ray was reported to be terminally ill, from an immune deficiency condition caused from medication) b. November 4th 1942. 2016: Allan Zavod (71) Australian pianist, composer, jazz musician and occasional conductor whose career had mainly been in America. He completed a music degree from the Melbourne Conservatorium, University of Melbourne in 1969. His talent as a pianist was recognised by Duke Ellington, who arranged for him to study at the Berklee College of Music, Boston – where he was later a professor of music. In his career Zavod has collaborated with some well-known international musicians such as Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, George Benson, Eric Clapton, Jean-Luc Ponty and Frank Zappa, as well as Australian musicians the drummer Des McKenna, Wilbur Wild, Red Symonds and Daryl on Hey Hey Its Saturday James Morrison, Kate Ceberano and Judith Durham. He has performed for the Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales and several Heads of State. Allan was based in the US for 20 years, where he played, toured and recorded with some of the world's biggest names like the Glenn Miller Orchestra. When he wasn't on the road he scored more than 30 US and Australian films and TV shows. His symphonic works have been performed by orchestras in Australia, Europe and the US. As a film composer Allan scored over 30 films, including a movie with Eric Clapton. He composed the Environmental Symphony for orchestra, narrat or and synchronized visuals which was performed at the 2010 Banksia Environmental Awards and narrated by Sir Richard Branson. (sadly died of brain cancer) b. October 16th 1945 November 30 . 1954: Wilhelm Furtwängler (68) German conductor born in Berlin; At his first concert, he led the Kaim Orchestra - Munich Philharmonic, in Anton Bruckner's Ninth Symphony. After which held posts at Munich, Lübeck, Mannheim, Frankfurt, Vienna, before securing a job at the Berlin Staatskapelle in 1920, and in 1922 at the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra and concurrently at the prestigious Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1925 he appeared as guest conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, making return visits in the following two years. Later he became music director of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, the Salzburg Festival and the Bayreuth Festival. In 1949 he accepted the position of principal conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and made a notable appearence with Philharmonia Orchestra, in London, May 22, 1950 (?) b. January 25th 1886 1955: Josip Štolcer-Slavenski (59) Croatian composer born in Cakovec, Austria-Hungary, present day Croatia. He started his career as a music teacher in Zagreb in 1923 but, in 1924, he moved to Belgrade. To some his is best works are incorporated in a symphony named Simfonija Orienta for soloists, choir and orchestra as well as in another symphony Balkanofonija. Further he composed numerous piano works, violin sonatas, string quartets, and solos; his best-known choir songs are Voda zvira and Romarska (?) b. May 11th 1896 1957: Beniamino Gigli (67) Italian operatic tenor born in Recanati, in the Marche, he was one of the most famous tenors of his generation, he was renowned internationally for the great beauty of his voice and the soundness of his vocal technique. In 1914, he won first prize in an international singing competition in Parma. His operatic debut came on October 15th 1914 when he played Enzo in Amilcare Ponchielli's La Gioconda in Rovigo, following which he was in great demand. He went on to perform in most of the top opera theatres. Before his retirement in 1955, Beniamino undertook an exhausting world tour of Farewell Concerts. In his two remaining years he prepared his Memoirs (died in Rome) b. March 20th 1890 1964: Don Redman (64) American jazz trumpeter, who began playing the trumpet at the age of 3, joined his first band at 6 years and by the age of 12 he was proficient on all wind instruments ranging from trumpet to oboe as well as piano. In 1922 he joined the Fletcher Henderson orchestra, mostly playing clarinet and saxophones. He soon began assisting in writing arrangements, and did much to formulate the sound that was to become big band Swing. Notable musicians in his own band included Sidney De Paris, trumpet, Edward Inge, clarinet, and singer Harlan Lattimore, who was known as "The Colored Bing Crosby". He also did arrangements for other band leaders and musicians, including Paul Whiteman, Isham Jones, and Bing Crosby. Most consider him first great arranger in jazz history (died in New York) b. July 29th 1900. 1979: Joyce Irene Grenfell OBE née Phipps (69) English actress, comedienne, diseuse singer-songwriter, born in London and had a priveleged upbringing, finishing her education in Paris. She made her stage debut in 1939 in the Little Revue. In 1942 she wrote what became her signature song "I'm Going to See You Today". During WWII, she toured Nth Africa, Southern Italy, the Middle East and India with her pianist Viola Tunnard performing for British troops. Her singing and comedic talents on stage led to her acting career in motion picture comedies. Her last of 24 films which included 3 St.Trinian films was The Yellow Rolls-Royce in 1964. Joyce also was a writer for the BBC, but maybe is now best remembered for her one-woman shows and monologues, in which she invented roles including a harassed nursery teacher..."George - don't do that", and she made frequent appearances on the BBC's music quiz show, Face the Music. In '89, her wartime journals were published under the title The Time of My Life: Entertaining the Troops (sadly Joyce died after a brave battle with cancer) b. February 10th 1910. 1988: Charlie Rouse (64) American hard bop tenor saxophonist and flautist, born in Washington, DC; well known for his work with the highly influential Thelonious Monk's quartet, a period which lasted from 1959 to 1970. He was later a founding member of the group Sphere, which began as a tribute to Monk. He also worked with Mal Waldron's quintet. The asteroid "(10426) Charlierouse" was officially named to honor him in 2007 by its discoverer, the American planetary scientist and astronomer Joe Montani, an ardent fan of Monk and Rouse (sadly died after a battle with lung cancer) b. April 6th 1924. 1993: David Houston (57) American country music singer born in Bossier City, Louisiana; In 1963, he rose to national stardom with the single "Mountain of Love"; the song, which rose to No.2 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart and his 1965's "Livin' in a House Full of Love". In 1966, Houston released his international breakthrough "Almost Persuaded". David was awarded 2 Grammy Awards for Best Country & Western Recording and Best Country & Western Performance, Male in 1967 for "Almost Persuaded". This was followed by a string of top five singles through 1973, including six more number ones: "With One Exception" and "You Mean the World to Me" (1967); "Have a Little Faith" and "Already It's Heaven" (1968); "Baby, Baby (I Know You're a Lady)" (1970); and 1967's "My Elusive Dreams" duet with Tammy Wynette. In later years, Houston dueted with Barbara Mandrell on several of her early hits, most notably 1970's "After Closing Time" and 1974's "I Love You, I Love You" (David was sadly taken by a brain aneurysm) b. December 9th 1935. 1994: Connie Kay/Conrad Henry Kirnon (67) American jazz drummer; he was a self-taught musician and played in the Lester Young quintet from 1949-55 before joining the Modern Jazz Quartet in '55 until the group's dissolution in 1974, recording 41 albums with them. At this time he also recorded 13 albums with Milt Jackson between 1955-64. Other musicians he recorded and worked with include Stan Getz, Coleman Hawkins, Miles Davis, Charlie Parker, Bobby Timmons, Bill Evans, Cannonball Adderley and others. He also played drums on Van Morrison's seminal LPs Astral Weeks, "Saint Dominic's Preview" and on 3 tracks on Tupelo Honey (?) b. April 27th 1927. 1995: Stretch/Randy Walker (23) American rapper and hip hop producer from New York City; he featured in the films Juice; Who's the Man?; Bullet, and contributed to the soundtrack Above the Rim, but is perhaps most famous for his close affliation with Tupac Shakur during the early 1990s, and was part of the hip hop group "Live Squad" (tragically he was murdered by being shot twice in the back by three men who pulled up alongside his green minivan at 112th Ave. and 209th St. in Queens Village while he was driving. His minivan smashed into a tree and hit a parked car before flipping over) b. April 8th 1972. 1996: Tiny Tim/Herbert Buckingham Khaury (64) US singer, ukulele; most famous for his rendition of 'Tiptoe Through The Tulips' sung in his distinctive high falsetto/vibrato voice. He was generally thought of as a novelty act, though his records display a wide knowledge of American songs. In August 1970 he performed at the "Isle of Wight Festival 1970" in front of a crowd of 600,000 people. His performance, which included English folk songs and rock and roll classics, was a huge hit with the multinational throng of hippies. At the climax of his set, he sang "There'll Always Be an England" through a megaphone which brought the huge crowd to its feet. This can be seen in the 1995 movie of the event, "Message to Love". In 2000, the Rhino Handmade label released the posthumous Tiny Tim Live at the Royal Albert Hall. This recording had been made in 1968 at the height of Tiny Tim's fame, but Reprise Records never released it. It sat on the shelf until its limited Internet release some 32 years later. The limited-numbered CD sold out and was reissued on Rhino's regular label (he suffered a heart attack on stage at The Woman's Club of Minneapolis and was rushed to Hennepin County Medical Center where he died after doctors tried to resuscitate him for an hour and fifteen minutes) b. April 12th 1932. 1999: Charlie Byrd (74) American jazz and classical guitarist; he played a classical guitar with nylon strings using fingerstyle. He collaborated on the famous 1962 album Jazz Samba with Stan Getz, a recording which pushed bossa nova into the mainstream of American music. During the late 50s he toured Europe with Woody Herman as part of a US State Department "goodwill tour". He also led his own groups that at times featured his brother Joe Byrd, and other great musicians. In 1997 he was deemed a "Maryland Art Treasure" by the Community Arts Alliance, in 1999 he was knighted by the government of Brazil as a Knight of the Rio Branco (lung cancer) b. September 16th 1925. 1999: (or Dec 1st) Don "Sugarcane" Harris (61) US Blues, jazz and rock violinist and guitarist; was given the nickname "Sugarcane" by LA bandleader Johnny Otis. He started an act called Don and Dewey in the mid 1950s. In the 1960s he played exclusively the electric violin, as a sideman with John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers and Frank Zappa, most recognized for his appearances on the Mothers of Invention albums Hot Rats, Burnt Weeny Sandwich, and Weasels Ripped My Flesh. His lead vocal and blues violin solo on a cover of Little Richard's "Directly From My Heart to You" on Weasels, and his extended solo on the lengthy "Little House I Used To Live In" on Weeny are considered highlights of those albums. The 1970's sees him fronting the Pure Food and Drug Act (sadly died from pulmonary disease) b. June 19th 1938. 2000: Scott Smith (45) Canadian bassist born in Winnipeg, Manitoba; he was the original bassist for the Canadian rock band Loverboy, best known for their hit singles "Working for the Weekend" and "Turn Me Loose", although their U.S. Top Ten hits were "Lovin' Every Minute of It" in 1985 and "This Could Be the Night" in 1986. (Scott was sailing with two friends off the coast of San Francisco near the Golden Gate Bridge, when a freak 26-foot wave swept him overboard. A four-hour search was conducted in vain. Experts say he could not have survived more than two and a half hours in waters that cold) b. February 13th 1955. 2006: Elhadi Adam Elhadi/Al-Hadi Adam Al-Hadi (79) Sudanese writer and song writer born in El-Helalelih village, Al Jazirah State in central Sudan on the bank of the Blue Nile. He became well known in Sudan and in the Arab world when his poem, "Agadan Algak" / "Tomorrow I Hope to Meet You" was sung by the pioneer Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum. The poem was selected by the diva Umm Kulthum among tens of poems offered to her during her visit to Sudan in 1968. She delayed to sing the song because of the death of Gamal Abdel Nasser, but later sang it in May 1971 on stage of the Cinema Gasser el-nil or Nile Palace, which was composed by Egyptian composer Muhammed Abdelwahab. Elhadi was a prolific writer and has several collections of poems. The most known of his work is Koukh Al-Ashwag from mid 1960s, considered by critics to be the best of his work (?) b. 1927 2008: Munetaka Higuchi (49) Japanese drummer born in Nara Nara, during his high school years Munetaka played in seven different bands, before forming the band Lazy with friend Akira Takasaki. The musical pair next formed the metal band Loudness in 1981. During his time with Loudness, Munetaka released his first solo album, Destruction, in 1983. He left Loudness to concertrate on his solo career and work on side projects, including Sly, Bloodcircus, Rose of Rose, and the Rock 'n' Roll Standard Club Band. In 1997, as "Munetaka Higuchi & Dream Castle", he released the album Free World. The band featured many famous musicians from the jazz and rock/metal spheres, like Steve Vai, Stanley Clarke, Billy Sheehan, Ty Tabor, Terry Bozzio, T. M. Stevens, Ronnie James Dio, Richie Kotzen and others. The album was released in February 1997 in Japan. He returned to Loudness in 2001, maintaining his high profile in the metal genre. (liver cancer) b. December 24th 1958. 2010: Monty Sunshine (82) English jazz clarinetist born in Stepney, London; revered by traditionalist fans the world over, he is maybe most famous to many, for his clarinet solo on the track "Petite Fleur", a million seller for the Chris Barber Jazz Band in 1959. He was a member of Chris Barber's band for seven years, participating fully in the band's overseas travels, including the 1959 American tour, and making many recordings. Eventually he felt less comfortable with Barber's musical direction and left in 1961 to form his own band, sticking firmly to the "trad" style. Monty also worked with The Eager Beavers, The Crane River Jazz Band, Beryl Bryden, George Melly, Johnny Parker, Diz Disley and Donegan's Dancing Sushine Band (?) b. April 9th 1928. 2011: J. Blackfoot/John Colbert (65) American soul singer, born in Greenville, Mississippi, moving to Memphis, Tennessee with his family as a child. After a short stint in Tennessee State Penitentiary he recorded a single under his own name and aafter the tragic plane crash that claimed the lives of Otis Redding and four members of The Bar-Kays, he joined the reconstituted group as lead singer, and performed with them for several months but did not record. In 1968 he became a founding member The Soul Children and produced 15 hits on the R&B chart, including three that crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100, and recorded seven albums over thenext 10 years. The Soul Children disbanded in 1979, after which he had a successful solo career. His biggest hit was "Taxi", which reached the charts in both the US and UK in 1984 (sadly died fighting cancer) b. November 20th 1946. 2011: Nelly Byl (92) Belgian songwriter born in Molenbeek-Saint-Jean, who wrote over 2000 songs in Dutch and other languages. She wrote some 200 songs for Will Tura, as well as songs for artists such as Conny Vandenbos' "Raak me niet aan"-1963 and the Gibson Brothers "Que Sera Mi Vida"-1980 (?) b. March 25th 1919. 2011: Kuldeep Manak/Latif Mohammed (62) Indian Punjabi language singer known for singing a genre of Punjabi songs called kaliyan. He left his birth place Bathinda and went to Ludhiana to pursue his career and started singing with the duo Harcharan Grewal and Seema. In 1976 his first LP 'Ik Tara' included the songs 'Tere Tilley Ton', 'Chheti Kar Sarwan Bachcha' and 'Garh Mughlane Dian Naaran'. Further albums included 'Ichhran Dhaahan Maardi', 'Sahiban Da Tarla', and 'Sahiban Bani Bharaawan Di' (sadly Kuldeep passed away with pneumonia) b. November 15th 1949. 2011: Benyamin Sönmez (28) Turkish cellist born to musical Turkish parents in Bremen, Germany and returned to Aksehir, a town in Konya Province,Turkey at the age of three. By the time he was 17, having proved his superior musical skills with his father's band, he came first in the national cello contest. He was given a place within BBC soloists in 2000. He won a special award at the International Young Concert Artists Contest organized in Leipzig, Germany in 2001 and was a prize winner in the 2006 International Adam Cello Festival and Competition in New Zealand that was chaired by Rostropovich. He received great admiration at each country he visited, and had a rich repertoire including modern composers such as Alfred Schnittke, Giya Kancheli, Sofia Gubaidulina, Ástor Piazzolla, Dmitri Shostakovich and Zoltán Kodály as well as the composers of Baroque and other eras (Tragically Benyamin died after suffering a heart attack) b. January 16th 1983. 2012: Keletigui Diabate (81) Malian musician, one of the greatest figures in Malian contemporary music, master of the balafon, a xylophone-like wooden-keyed percussion instrument. He became the first to popularise the West African balafon, in the west. He founded one of Mali's first bands Formation A in the 60s and played with guitarist Salif Keita in the band Ambassadors. He also performed with Mali's Symmetric Orchestra (?) b. 1931 2013: Tabu Ley Rochereau/Pascal-Emmanuel Sinamoyi Tabu (76) Congolese rumba singer, born in Bagata, in the then Belgian Congo.His musical career took off in 1956 when he sung with Joseph "Le Grand Kallé" Kabasele and his band L'African Jazz. He sang in the pan-African hit Indépendance Cha Cha which propelled him to instant fame. He stayed with African Jazz until 1963 when he and Dr Nico Kasanda formed their own group, African Fiesta. Two years later, Tabu Ley formed African Fiesta National, also known as African Fiesta Flash. The group became one of the most successful bands in African history, recording African classics like Afrika Mokili Mobimba and surpassing record sales of one million copies by 1970. Tabu Ley also went into polopics after President Mobutu Sese Seko was deposed in 1997. In November 2005 Tabu Ley was appointed Vice-Governor of Kinshasa, a position devolved to his party, the Congolese Rally for Democracy by the 2002 peace agreements. He also served as provincial minister of culture. He was said to have fathered, (with different women), up to 68 children, including the French rapper Youssoupha (Tabu died from complications after suffering a stroke) b. November 13th 1937 2016: Amar Ezzahi (75) Algerian Chaabi singer born in a village of Kabylie, and went on to be the figurehead of Chaabi, the traditional music of Algiers (?) b. 1941. 2016: Aleksei Maslennikov (87) Russian tenor born in Novocherkassk. In 1953 he studied at the Moscow Conservatory and in 1955 became a member of the Bolshoi Theatre where he remained into the late 1990s. (?) b. September 9th 1929 If you know any more birthdates or deaths to add to this page or spot any mistakes please

i don't know

By what name, shared by a Denzel Washington and Gene Hackman movie, do the sports teams from The University of Alabama play?

ESPN links song, Tide touchdowns - News - Tuscaloosa News - Tuscaloosa, AL ESPN links song, Tide touchdowns Friday Sep 26, 2008 at 8:39 AM By Mark Hughes Cobb,Staff Writer University of Alabama fan Lance Brown hopes his guys make lots of touchdowns against Georgia on Saturday, because the more the Crimson Tide scores, the sweeter the sound. ESPN will play bits of Brown�s song �Just in the Nick of Time� as the lead-in to a commercial any time the boys from �Bama get six. It will be the Montgomery man�s second time on ESPN; last year, ESPN�s Game Day played bits from his song �Saturday in Dixie� six times throughout the Iron Bowl pregame show. �Saturday in Dixie� is a fairly even-handed, mid-tempo country song about two great college rivalries in the state. �Just in the Nick of Time,� though, is a more Black Crowes-style Southern rocker that shows Brown�s crimson blood. �It�s unapologetically brash about Alabama football,� Brown said. �I think �Bama fans are ready to be proud again.� The song surges with renewed hope built around coach Nick Saban. The chorus goes: �Just in the nick of time/ Just when they thought we were past our prime/ Just in the nick of time/ The Bama boys are going to hit their stride/ The Tide is starting to rise.� He�s not the first to craft a musical homage to the Tide, of course. Nashville singer/songwriter Jack Denton released his sentimental tune �Echoes of Heroes� in 1993, and followed up with a full CD of Bama-related tunes, �Touchdown Alabama,� in 2000. Former Atlanta Rhythm Section members Buddy Buie and Ronnie Hammond wrote a piece called �The Day Bear Bryant Died� back in 1983. But not wanting to exploit the coach�s then-recent death, they put it on a shelf. It resurfaced in 2006 as the title track of a CD that also features old ARS hits such as �Spooky� and �Champagne Jam� alongside �Alabama Moon,� �My Home�s in Alabama,� �Bama on the Radio� and �Dreamy Alabama.� �There�s been several tribute songs,� said Ken Gaddy, curator of the Paul W. Bryant Museum. �Usually three, four, five times a year, somebody will come in with a song they�ve written.� Most of them don�t make it on the radio, partly because of the difficulties of working through the industry, Gaddy said, but also because there are licensing procedures songwriters need to follow when using UA�s familiar names. Hollywood composer Hans Zimmer wrote a whole score of tunes with Tide titles for the Gene Hackman/Denzel Washington submarine thriller �Crimson Tide.� But while Blondie�s �The Tide is High,� Lynyrd Skynyrd�s �Sweet Home Alabama� and Steely Dan�s �Deacon Blues� resound on game weekends, none of them was written as a tribute to UA. (The �Deacon Blues� chorus was intended sarcastically, tongue-in-cheek, songwriter Donald Fagen said in a Rolling Stone interview). In another unintentional music-Tide teaming, Gary Glitter�s �Rock �n� Roll Part Two� became the instrumental backing for the �Rammer Jammer� cheer, which pops up near the end of both �Saturday in Dixie� and �Just in the Nick of Time.� For �Saturday in Dixie,� Brown used bits of both Auburn�s and Alabama�s fight songs. But in the partisan �Nick,� there�s a bridge and breakdown where voices get quieter and then build: �Everybody beware of T-Town/I think there�s gonna be a beat-down.� �Nick� is not available for download yet, but you can hear bits of it Saturday, assuming Bama lands in the end zone. �I don�t care if everybody gets their windshield wiper fluid,� Brown said, laughing about other Tide touchdown promotions, �but I want my song to play.� About Us

Crimson Tide

“Dirty Harry” Callahan is a cop in what city’s police department?

ESPN links song, Tide touchdowns - News - Tuscaloosa News - Tuscaloosa, AL ESPN links song, Tide touchdowns Friday Sep 26, 2008 at 8:39 AM By Mark Hughes Cobb,Staff Writer University of Alabama fan Lance Brown hopes his guys make lots of touchdowns against Georgia on Saturday, because the more the Crimson Tide scores, the sweeter the sound. ESPN will play bits of Brown�s song �Just in the Nick of Time� as the lead-in to a commercial any time the boys from �Bama get six. It will be the Montgomery man�s second time on ESPN; last year, ESPN�s Game Day played bits from his song �Saturday in Dixie� six times throughout the Iron Bowl pregame show. �Saturday in Dixie� is a fairly even-handed, mid-tempo country song about two great college rivalries in the state. �Just in the Nick of Time,� though, is a more Black Crowes-style Southern rocker that shows Brown�s crimson blood. �It�s unapologetically brash about Alabama football,� Brown said. �I think �Bama fans are ready to be proud again.� The song surges with renewed hope built around coach Nick Saban. The chorus goes: �Just in the nick of time/ Just when they thought we were past our prime/ Just in the nick of time/ The Bama boys are going to hit their stride/ The Tide is starting to rise.� He�s not the first to craft a musical homage to the Tide, of course. Nashville singer/songwriter Jack Denton released his sentimental tune �Echoes of Heroes� in 1993, and followed up with a full CD of Bama-related tunes, �Touchdown Alabama,� in 2000. Former Atlanta Rhythm Section members Buddy Buie and Ronnie Hammond wrote a piece called �The Day Bear Bryant Died� back in 1983. But not wanting to exploit the coach�s then-recent death, they put it on a shelf. It resurfaced in 2006 as the title track of a CD that also features old ARS hits such as �Spooky� and �Champagne Jam� alongside �Alabama Moon,� �My Home�s in Alabama,� �Bama on the Radio� and �Dreamy Alabama.� �There�s been several tribute songs,� said Ken Gaddy, curator of the Paul W. Bryant Museum. �Usually three, four, five times a year, somebody will come in with a song they�ve written.� Most of them don�t make it on the radio, partly because of the difficulties of working through the industry, Gaddy said, but also because there are licensing procedures songwriters need to follow when using UA�s familiar names. Hollywood composer Hans Zimmer wrote a whole score of tunes with Tide titles for the Gene Hackman/Denzel Washington submarine thriller �Crimson Tide.� But while Blondie�s �The Tide is High,� Lynyrd Skynyrd�s �Sweet Home Alabama� and Steely Dan�s �Deacon Blues� resound on game weekends, none of them was written as a tribute to UA. (The �Deacon Blues� chorus was intended sarcastically, tongue-in-cheek, songwriter Donald Fagen said in a Rolling Stone interview). In another unintentional music-Tide teaming, Gary Glitter�s �Rock �n� Roll Part Two� became the instrumental backing for the �Rammer Jammer� cheer, which pops up near the end of both �Saturday in Dixie� and �Just in the Nick of Time.� For �Saturday in Dixie,� Brown used bits of both Auburn�s and Alabama�s fight songs. But in the partisan �Nick,� there�s a bridge and breakdown where voices get quieter and then build: �Everybody beware of T-Town/I think there�s gonna be a beat-down.� �Nick� is not available for download yet, but you can hear bits of it Saturday, assuming Bama lands in the end zone. �I don�t care if everybody gets their windshield wiper fluid,� Brown said, laughing about other Tide touchdown promotions, �but I want my song to play.� About Us

i don't know

The first issue of Playboy magazine was on newsstands in December, 1953. Which starlet/model was featured as the first centerfold?

Mount Vernon woman one of last nude Playboy centerfolds | The Seattle Times Mount Vernon woman one of last nude Playboy centerfolds Originally published December 10, 2015 at 7:19 pm Updated December 11, 2015 at 9:33 am Amberleigh West, 24, of Mount Vernon, will be one of two Playmates in the final issue of Playboy magazine to include nudity, as it searches for more profitability in the Internet age. Share story Erik Lacitis Seattle Times staff reporter MOUNT VERNON — A footnote in the history of the sexual revolution is a 24-year-old woman who grew up here. When you meet Amberleigh West at a local espresso bar, it’s not a Raquel Welch or Pam Anderson type you see. It’s a 5-6, 110-pound young woman who really does look like … “The girl next door?” says West. “I represent that.” The combined January/February issue of Playboy magazine will feature two Playmates and two centerfolds, and West is one of them. Most Read Stories Unlimited Digital Access. $1 for 4 weeks. It will be the last edition of the magazine to include nudity. After those issues, Playboy’s readers will still see the likes of West, just not all of her. “We’re kind of going back to the classic, suggestive and less-explicit photography,” says Jason Buhrmester, Playboy’s editorial director. “We’re getting back to arts, literature and politics.” All print media is struggling, and men’s magazines like Playboy and “laddies” magazines like Maxim are no exception. Go to a convenience store and you’ll find a magazine rack, if there is one, containing fewer and fewer titles. West herself was trying to figure out where in Mount Vernon she could buy a copy of the Playboy in which she is featured. Maybe the 7-Eleven, maybe a grocery store that is kind of “sketchy.” It’s on the stands Friday. Amberleigh West, 24, of Mount Vernon, will be one of two Playmates in the final issue of Playboy magazine to include nudity. The issue is on newsstands Friday. (Ken Lambert / The Seattle Times; additional footage courtesy of Playboy) West has seen very few issues of the magazine. She did see some at the Playboy Mansion, which she visited last year. She even met Hugh Hefner there for five minutes. He said, “Nice to meet you,” and posed for a quick snapshot. Hugh, of course, was in his pajamas. West says she also saw some old Playboys at a vintage shop in the Pike Place Market. The magazine is not something one often finds in a twenty-something’s apartment. For men’s magazines to survive, they need to figure out: What does the 2015 version of the advertiser-sought American male ages 25 to 30 want? Other than he wants the obvious. It used to be, back at its peak in 1975, that Playboy had a paid circulation of 5.6 million. Men of a certain age all have stories about covert copies of the magazine that high-school boys passed around. Playboy was a success from its first issue in December 1953 that featured Marilyn Monroe on the cover and as a centerfold. It sold for 50 cents back then, which is $4.45 in today’s dollars. West’s issue has a cover price of $9.99. Bettie Page, Jane Mansfield, Pamela Anderson, Anna Nicole Smith and Jenny McCarthy are other well-known Playmates. And MTV-generation types will remember the Playmates in music videos for Van Halen’s “ Hot For Teacher ,” ZZ Tops’ “ Gimme All Your Lovin ’” and Rod Stewart’s “ Da Ya Think I’m Sexy .” Weezer’s “ Beverly Hills ” featured 18 Playmates. But in the digital era, when it comes to explicitness, you can’t compete with the Internet. Playboy’s circulation now is about 800,000. These days the money for the franchise is in the brand and licensing. “There is an information overload. You can look for almost anything online,” says Buhrmester. So Playboy decided to go retro. That young male reader, says Buhrmester, is “a high/low mixture of culture.” He has recently gotten out of college, “has a little bit of money,” is in his first career job, maybe needs to buy a new suit and likes video games and fantasy football. So, says Buhrmester, you offer him name writers, like when Playboy published Hemingway, as well as a guide to buying his next car. As Playboy goes through its “major brand realignment,” Amberleigh West is experiencing life as a glamour model in the Internet age. As of Thursday, she had 49,900 followers on Instagram , adding several thousand just this week. She has 9,350 Facebook friends. “I’m not embarrassed about my body,” says West. West’s family and boyfriend all support her. Says West’s mom, Heidi Young, 49, “I’m excited for her. I’ve always encouraged her to go for her dreams.” A 2010 Mount Vernon High graduate, and then a 2012 Skagit Valley College graduate as a paralegal, she decided to pursue a career as a model. Her Instagram account is full of glamour photos. Some are digitally censored. It was on Instagram that in September 2014 a Playboy photographer found West’s image and asked if she’d come to Los Angeles for a test shoot. She bought the airplane ticket. “I took a chance. I thought, ‘What the heck, nothing else to do.’ It paid off,” she says. Buhrmester says about finding a Playmate, “It’s an intangible art.” She can’t come across as “a sterile fashion model,” he says. A Playmate needs to be someone who a young male reader could picture visiting at her apartment, planning a vacation with, says Buhrmester. Presumably for West, with her Playmate title also will come future gigs. In October, she spent a week at a shoot for a film with the unusual title, “Kill Her Goats,” that features two other Playmates. She’s also gotten used to seeing her image used on websites she’s never heard of. That site in which she’s supposedly looking for work as a baby-sitter? Never heard of it. And the site advertising “Strip Poker and Blackjack with Amberleigh West?” Nope. Or those Russian sites? Says West about others appropriating her image, “It happens. It comes with the industry.” West plans to frame the entire Playboy in which she appears. Years from now, she wants to remember. She was part of the changing of the girl next door. “It’s so amazing to be part of something like this,” she says. Those elusive males ages 25 to 30. Come on, laddies, what do you really, really, want? Content publishers everywhere pray for the secret. Erik Lacitis: 206-464-2237 or elacitis@seattletimes.com Twitter @ErikLacitis Email Newsletter Sign-up

Marilyn Monroe

That totally bad-assed mariner known as Popeye sports tattoos of what on his massive forearms?

Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue | Las Vegas Review-Journal Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue NDN-VIDEO-40171492809.mov Pamela Anderson Will Bare It All on the Cover of Playboy's Final Nude Issue (Entertainment Tonight/Inform) Pamela Anderson will be centerfold for Playboy's last nude issue Actress Pamela Anderson poses at the premiere of "The Gunman" in Los Angeles, March 12, 2015. (Mario Anzuoni/Reuters) Reuters NEW YORK — Pamela Anderson is the last person to pose nude for Playboy magazine, closing a more than 60-year tradition that has seen women ranging from Madonna to Kim Kardashian and Cindy Crawford strip off for the glossy men's publication. Celebrity outlet Entertainment Tonight said on Thursday the former "Baywatch" star, 48, will be featured on the cover of the January/February 2016 edition that will hit newsstands on Dec. 11. Playboy, founded in 1953 by Hugh Hefner, announced in October that it would stop publishing nude centerfolds of women , saying they had become outdated due to the plethora of free pornography on the Internet. Anderson has appeared on the Playboy cover 13 times since 1989, more than any other celebrity. "I got a call from (Hugh Hefner's) attorney who said, 'We don't want anybody else. There's nobody else, could you do the last cover of Playboy?' " Anderson told Entertainment Tonight. The actress and model said she had checked first with her sons Brandon, 19, and Dylan 17 before agreeing because for years the boys had been "teased and made fun of, and had a few fist fights over their mom." This time both of them encouraged her to do it, she said. Anderson said she made the most of her last Playboy photo-shoot. "I took off all my clothes, and I rolled down the hill as fast as I can," she said. "I was just screaming, and hair and boobs were flying, and shoes were going everywhere." Playboy featured Marilyn Monroe on its debut cover in 1953, and printed a nude centerfold of the Hollywood actress. But the photo was bought by Hefner from a printer who made calendars and Monroe did not pose nude specifically for the magazine. Playboy's circulation has dropped from about 5.6 million in 1975 to around 800,000 in recent years. It's official. @pamfoundation is back for her 15th Playboy pictorial #LastOne https://t.co/vEd99WmjmO

i don't know

Taking her stage name from a Queen song, what singer was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta in 1986?

Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), Количество слайдов: 10 Описание презентации Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), по слайдам Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), better known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American pop singer-songwriter. After enrolling at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts in 2003 and later performing in the rock music scene of New York City’s Lower East Side, she signed with Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. During her early time at Interscope, she worked as a songwriter for fellow label artists and captured the attention of recording artist Akon who, recognizing her vocal abilities, signed her to his own label, Kon Live Distribution. Lady Gaga Gaga came to prominence following the release of her debut studio album The Fame (2008), which was a critical and commercial success and achieved international popularity with the singles «Just Dance» and «Poker Face». The album reached number one on the record charts of six countries, topped the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart while simultaneously peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States and accomplished positions within the top ten worldwide. Achieving similar worldwide success The Fame Monster (2009), its follow-up, produced a further three global chart-topping singles «Bad Romance», «Telephone» and «Alejandro» and allowed her to embark on her second global concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, just months after having finished her first, The Fame Ball Tour. The Fame Monster Her second studio album Born This Way (2011) topped the charts in all major musical markets after the arrival of its singles «Born This Way», «Judas» and «The Edge of Glory»—the first-mentioned achieved the number-one spot in countries worldwide and was the fastest-selling single in the history of i. Tunes, selling one million copies in five days. [3]Influenced by glam rock singers such as David Bowie and Freddie Mercury, as well as dance-pop artists like Madonna and Michael Jackson, Gaga is well-recognized for her outré and ever-changing sense of style in music, in fashion, in performance and in her music videos. Her contributions to the music industry have accrued her numerous achievements such as five Grammy Awards—among twelve nominations—and four Guinness World Records. [ Gaga has sold an estimated 25 million albums and 70 million singles, making her one of the best-selling music artists worldwide. [6] In the United States, she is among the best-selling digital artists, selling an estimated 29. 3 million digital singles over the course of her career. [7] In 2010, Billboard named her the Artist of the Year, and ranked her as the seventy-third best artist of the 2000 s decade. [8][9] Gaga has been included in the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes’ annual lists. [10] Musical style and influences A 30 -second sample of Lady Gaga’s «Just Dance» featuring the chorus sung by Lady Gaga and Colby O’Donis in the range of B 3 to C♯, backed by a synth marching beat. The song became her first international hit single. Problems listening to this file? See media help. Gaga has been mainly influenced by glam rock singers such as David Bowie and Freddie Mercury, as well as dance-pop artists such as Madonna and Michael Jackson. [36] [119] The Queen song «Radio Ga Ga» inspired her stage name, «Lady Gaga». [25] [120] She commented: «I adored Freddie Mercury and Queen had a hit called ‘Radio Gaga’. That’s why I love the name [. . . ] Freddie was unique—one of the biggest personalities in the whole of pop music. «[119] Gaga has also a lot of comparison to Madonna. She stated: «there is really no one that is a more adoring and loving Madonna fan than me. I am the hugest fan personally and professionally. « Gaga’s other musical inspirations include Whitney Houston, Britney Spears, Grace Jones and Blondie singer Debbie Harry. [122] In an interview with Yahoo! Singapore, when she answered questions for the media, she stated that Cyndi Lauper is someone she admired, and she also stated the reason why her sophomore album, Born This Way, was more rock-supported. She stated that she wanted her album to be for her fans, as they reacted a stronger way for rock songs than pop, which influenced her rock elements in the album Gaga’s other musical inspirations include Whitney Houston, Britney Spears, Grace Jones and Blondie singer Debbie Harry. [122] In an interview with Yahoo! Singapore, when she answered questions for the media, she stated that Cyndi Lauper is someone she admired, and she also stated the reason why her sophomore album, Born This Way, was more rock-supported. She stated that she wanted her album to be for her fans, as they reacted a stronger way for rock songs than pop, which influenced her rock elements in the album A revision of the tour occurred after only a few months of performances, due to Gaga’s concern that the original version was constructed within a very short span of time. The stage of the original show looked like a frame, comparable to that of a hollowed-out television set. Since The Fame Monster dealt with the paranoias Gaga had faced, the main theme of the original shows became human evolution, while elements of the canceled tour with West still included in some parts

Lady Gaga

Qualcomm stadium is the home to what NFL team?

Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta - Genealogy Genealogy Join the world's largest family tree Gender Share your family tree and photos with the people you know and love Build your family tree online Share photos and videos Lenox Hill Hospital, 100 E 77th St, New York, NY, USA Immediate Family: Daughter of <private> Germanotta and <private> Germanotta (Bissett) Sister of <private> Germanotta Mar 28 1986 - New York, New York, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Parents: Mar 28 1986 - New York, New York, Nova York, EUA Parents: Joseph Germanotta, Cynthia Germanotta (geboren Bissett) Sister: Mar 28 1986 - New York City, New York, NY Parents: sibling About Lady Gaga Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta, better known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American recording artist. She began performing in the rock music scene of New York City's Lower East Side in 2003 and enrolled at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She soon signed with Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. During her early time at Interscope, she worked as a songwriter for fellow label artists and captured the attention of Akon, who recognized her vocal abilities, and signed her to his own label, Kon Live Distribution. Released on August 19, 2008, her debut album, The Fame, reached number one in the UK, Canada, Austria, Germany and Ireland, and reached the top-ten in numerous countries worldwide; in the United States, it peaked at two on the Billboard 200 chart and topped Billboard's Dance/Electronic Albums chart. Its first two singles, "Just Dance" and "Poker Face", co-written and co-produced with RedOne, became international number-one hits, topping the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States as well as the charts of other countries. The album later earned a total of six Grammy Award nominations and won awards for Best Electronic/Dance Album and Best Dance Recording. In early 2009 she embarked on her first headlining tour, The Fame Ball Tour. By the fourth quarter of the year, she had released her second studio album The Fame Monster, with the global chart-topping lead single "Bad Romance", as well as having embarked on her second headlining tour of the year, The Monster Ball Tour. Lady Gaga is inspired by glam rock artists such as David Bowie and Queen, as well as pop musicians such as Madonna and Michael Jackson. She has also stated fashion is a source of inspiration for her songwriting and performances. Gaga was ranked the 73rd Artist of the 2000–10 decade by Billboard. As of May 2010, Gaga has sold over 15 million albums and over 40 million singles worldwide. In May 2010, Time magazine included Gaga in its annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In June 2010, Forbes listed Gaga fourth on its list of the 100 Most Powerful and Influential celebrities in the world; she is also ranked as the second most powerful musician in the world. Life and career - 1986–2004: Early life: Stefani Germanotta was born in New York City on March 28, 1986, the eldest child of Joseph Germanotta, an Italian American internet entrepreneur, and Cynthia Bissett. She learned to play piano from the age of four, went on to write her first piano ballad at 13 and began performing at open mike nights by age 14. At the age of 11, Germanotta attended Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private Roman Catholic school on Manhattan's Upper East Side, but has stressed that she does not come from a wealthy background, saying that her parents "both came from lower-class families, so we've worked for everything — my mother worked eight to eight out of the house, in telecommunications, and so did my father." An avid thespian in high school musicals, Germanotta portrayed lead roles as Adelaide in Guys and Dolls and Philia in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum. She described her academic life in high school as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure" as she told in an interview, "I used to get made fun of for being either too provocative or too eccentric, so I started to tone it down. I didn’t fit in, and I felt like a freak."Acquaintances dispute that she did not fit in school. "She had a core group of friends; she was a good student. She liked boys a lot, but singing was No. 1," recalled a former high school classmate. Referring to her "expressive, free spirit", Gaga told Elle magazine "I'm left-handed!" At age 17, Germanotta gained early admission to the New York University's Tisch School of the Arts on August 23, 2003 and lived in a NYU dorm on 11th Street. There she studied music and improved her songwriting skills by composing essays and analytical papers focusing on topics such as art, religion, social issues and politics. Germanotta felt that she was more creative than some of her classmates. "Once you learn how to think about art, you can teach yourself," she said. By the second semester of her sophomore year, she withdrew from the school to focus on her musical career. Her father agreed to pay her rent for a year, on the condition that she re-enroll for Tisch if she was unsuccessful. "I left my entire family, got the cheapest apartment I could find, and ate shit until somebody would listen," she said. 2005–07: Career beginnings: Germanotta had initially signed with Def Jam Recordings at the age of 19, although she was dropped by the label after only three months. Shortly after, her former management company introduced her to songwriter and producer RedOne, whom they also managed. The first song she produced with RedOne was "Boys Boys Boys", a mash-up inspired by Mötley Crüe's "Girls, Girls, Girls" and AC/DC's "T.N.T." She moved into an apartment on the Lower East Side and recorded a couple of songs with hip-hop singer Grandmaster Melle Mel for an audio book accompanying the children's book The Portal in the Park by Cricket Casey. She also started the Stefani Germanotta Band with some friends from NYU. They recorded an EP of their ballads at a studio underneath a liquor store in New Jersey, becoming a local fixture at the downtown Lower East Side club scene. She began experimenting with drugs soon after, while performing at neo-burlesque shows. Her father did not understand the reason behind her drug intake and could not look at her for several months. Music producer Rob Fusari, who helped her write some of her earlier songs, compared her vocal style to that of Freddie Mercury. Fusari helped create the moniker Gaga, after the Queen song "Radio Ga Ga". Germanotta was in the process of trying to come up with a stage name when she received a text message from Fusari that read "Lady Gaga." He explained, Every day, when Stef came to the studio, instead of saying hello, I would start singing 'Radio Ga Ga'. That was her entrance song. [Lady Gaga] was actually a glitch; I typed 'Radio Ga Ga' in a text and it did an autocorrect so somehow 'Radio' got changed to 'Lady'. She texted me back, "That's it." After that day, she was Lady Gaga. She’s like, "Don't ever call me Stefani again." She was known thereafter as Lady Gaga. The New York Post, however, has reported that this story is incorrect, and that the name resulted from a marketing meeting. Throughout 2007, Gaga collaborated with performance artist Lady Starlight, who helped create her onstage fashions. The pair began playing gigs at downtown club venues like the Mercury Lounge, The Bitter End, and the Rockwood Music Hall, with their live performance art piece known as "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue."Billed as "The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow", their act was a low-fi tribute to 1970s variety acts. In August 2007, Gaga and Starlight were invited to play at the American Lollapalooza music festival. The show was critically acclaimed, and their performance received positive reviews. Having initially focused on avant-garde and electronic dance music, Gaga found her musical niche when she began to incorporate pop melodies and the vintage glam rock of David Bowie and Queen into her music. Fusari sent the songs he produced with Gaga to his friend, producer and record executive Vincent Herbert. Herbert was quick to sign her to his label Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records, upon its establishment in 2007. She credited Herbert as the man who discovered her, adding "I really feel like we made pop history, and we're gonna keep going". Having already served as an apprentice songwriter under an internship at Famous Music Publishing, which was later acquired by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Gaga subsequently struck a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV. As a result, she was hired to write songs for Britney Spears and labelmates New Kids on the Block, Fergie, and the Pussycat Dolls. While Gaga was writing at Interscope, singer-songwriter Akon recognized her vocal abilities when she sang a reference vocal for one of his tracks in studio. He then convinced Interscope-Geffen-A&M Chairman and CEO Jimmy Iovine to form a joint deal by having her also sign with his own label Kon Live Distribution and later called her his "franchise player."Gaga continued her collaboration with RedOne in the studio for a week on her debut album, spawning the future singles "Just Dance" and "Poker Face." She also joined the roster of Cherrytree Records, an Interscope imprint established by producer and songwriter Martin Kierszenbaum, after co-writing four songs with Kierszenbaum including the single "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)."

i don't know

What is the shoemakers model of the human foot called?

Wordwizard • View topic - Let the cobbler stick to his last Let the cobbler stick to his last Let the cobbler stick to his last by Ken Greenwald Ken Greenwald » Mon Mar 28, 2011 8:31 am In the posting By your own last , I started off with a discussion of the word LAST, the wood or metal form used by shoemakers/cobblers, and then drifted off to never-never land with a discourse on the related proverb LET THE COBBLER STICK TO HIS LAST. Other than talking about the shoe LAST, my proverb discussion really didn't address the posted question, ergo, I'm posting my exciting and thought-provoking disquisition here. LAST was a very common word way back when, and I think it still may be heard today from old-timers and possibly in some high-end shoe stores . But I always took it to mean the shape of the shoe. I have tough feet for finding comfortable shoes and in days of old it would be typical for the salesman to say, “Well let’s try a shoe with a different last.” So I always took it to mean a shoe of a different form or shape and I believe that some others might have taken it to mean the same thing, never connecting it to the wooden or metal foot on which the cobbler formed the shoe. In any case, the expressions involving the wooden (or metal) shoe LAST are very old and are considered proverbs that are still used today. The exact wording of the proverb or usage may vary from quote to quote (see below), but they are all basically saying the same thing. OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2) LAST noun [circa1000]: A wooden model of the foot, on which shoemakers shape boots and shoes. <1842 “Occasionally there is a drowsy sound from some lone weaver's shuttle, or shoemaker's last.”—American Notes (1850), page 69/2> 2a) LAST transferred and figurative [circa 1592]: <1647 “The Normans had reduced the Saxon law . . . unto their own last, which stretched their desire as far as the estate would bear.”—Historical Discourse of the Uniformity of the Government of England (1739) by N. Bacon, I. liii, page 94> 2b) LAST: With allusion to the proverb LET THE COBLER STICK TO HIS LAST [[1539]] (‘Ne sutor ultra crepidam’) <1875 “Great evil may arise from the cobbler leaving his last and turning into . . . a legislator.”—The dialogues of Plato [[427–347 B.C.]] (edition 2) translated by B. Jowett, III. page 53> __________________________ OXFORD DICTIONARY OF PROVERBS LET THE COBBLER STICK TO HIS LAST: Attributed to the Greek painter Apelles (4th century B.C.) . . . The shoemaker variant is a long-standing one in British proverb lore, but is now mainly North American. . . . __________________________ ALLEN’S ENGLISH PHRASES LAST (shoemaker’s model) STICK TO ONE’S LAST: To confine oneself to what one knows and not pass judgment outside one’s competence. A Last is a model of the human foot, on which a shoemaker places a shoe or boot for shaping or repairing it. The phrase [[stick to one’s last]] is derived from the proverb let the cobbler stick to his last, translating the Latin maxim ne suprs crepidam sutoriudicaret; quod et ipsum proverbium venit ‘the cobbler should not judge beyond his sandal [[shoe]] – a saying that became a proverb’ (in Pliny’s [[the Elder (23-79 A.D.]] Natural History [[circa 77-79 A.D.]] xxxv, page 85). The context in which Pliny wrote these lines was a discussion of a painting by the Greek painter Apelles (4th century B.C.), who pronounced the maxim to silence those who in his view criticized his work without having the knowledge to do so. Erasmus recorded this in the form ne sutor ultra crepidam, and it is a translation of this [[Let the cobbler stick to his last (see OED above)]] that the phrase came into English in the 16th century. __________________________ A few more alternate forms found in The Concise Dictionary of European Proverbs by E. Strauss, page 185: Let every man stick to his trade. Let no shoemaker go beyond his last. __________________________ <1539 “Let not the shoemaker go beyond his shoe.”—Erasmus’ Adages translation by R. Taverner, page 17> [[Erasmus 1466-1536, Adagia I, vi. 16, ne sutor ultra crepidam]] <1605 “Shoomaker, you goe a little beyond your last.”–If You Know Not Me in Works (1874) by Heywood, I. page 210> <1613 “Stick to your own last. Do not meddle outside your own province.”— Thesaurus of Traditional English Metaphors by P. R. Wilkinson, page 63> <1639 “Cobler keepe to your last.”—Paræmiologia Anglo-Latina by J. Clarke, page 21> <1692-4 “The Cobler is not to go beyond his Last.”—The Fables of Æsop and other Eminent Mythologists (1708) by R. L’Estrange, CCXXV, page 245> <1721 “Let not the cobbler go beyond his last.”. . . Taken from the famous Story of Apelles, who could not bear that the cobbler should correct any part of his picture beyond the slipper.—Scottish Proverbs by J. Kelly, page 242> <1768-74 “To enter upon these discussions would be carrying the shoemaker beyond his last.”—The Light of Nature Pursued (1834) by A. Tucker, II. page 330> <1868 “I understood the use of a plow . . . better than the use of a pen . . . remembering the old saw ‘Let the cobbler stick to his last.’”—Tim Bunker Papers by W. Clift, lix> <1907 “On such a question as this the authority of Mr. Carnegie is not absolute. Let the cobbler stick to his last. The millionaire no doubt is more familiar with account books than with the lessons of history . . .”—New York Times Sunday, 21 July, page 34> <1959 “Dr. James B. Conant has demonstrated the wisdom of Pliny’s proverb: Let the cobbler stick to his last. In his second report, just published, Dr. Conant confronts the problems of public finance raised by educational reform and expansion. In this field he shows not special competence and seems not only to reflect but to compound the general confusion and indecision.”—Corpus Christi Times (Texas), 3 November, page 15> <1991 “Remember Pliny the Elder? He's the fellow who advised, in a manner of speaking, "Ne supra crepidam sutor judicaret." Or, as most people say, ‘Let the cobbler stick to his last.’ But does anybody listen? Judging by Jack Nicholson, Clint Eastwood, Robert Redford and Woody Allen, the answer is: of course not. All are successful actors who turned to directing.”— New York Times, 24 February> <2006 “His claim . . . of the lights going out in Wales if we do not allow the Welsh countryside to be covered in wind generators is utter nonsense. It is quite outrageous and a gross insult to the people of Wales that a Secretary of State should spout such ignorant and inane rubbish! Ne supra crepidam sutor judicaret, Peter Hain (Let the cobbler stick to his last).”— Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), 30 May> <2010 “One mention of pregnancy termination and the church leadership is galvanised into action. The Minister for Foreign Affairs should be asked to send a cable to Armagh on where it is we stand, and let the cobbler stick to his last. They can do the praying up there and we'll do the legislating down here, thanks very much.”—The Irish Times (Dublin, East Republic of Ireland), 18 December> (Quotes from the Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs and archived sources) ____________________ Re: Let the cobbler stick to his last by Wizard of Oz Wizard of Oz » Tue Mar 29, 2011 3:32 am .. I too remember my father, and later myself, using a 3 way metal shoe last to repair the soles and heels on our shoes .. I can remember going to the bootmaker and seeing a capstan style last machine that had several lasts on a circular drum .. the shoemaker would decide which size last he needed for the job and rotate the drum to the correct sized last then lock it in position .. .. Ken I am not sure what they called the wooden blocks, shaped like shoes, that used to be put inside shoes to make sure they kept their shape .. was it also called a last ?? .. also I am aware of a wooden shoe shaped gadget that was placed inside new shoes and then a screw was turned and the shoe part expanded to help stretch the shoe .. was that called a last ?? .. these would be close to your understanding of the word .. if you google images both of these things are found labeled as a shoe last .. .. and then there is the obvious question >> Why last ?? .. so .. last (n.) "shoemaker's block," from O.E. læste, from last "track, footprint, trace," from P.Gmc. *laistaz (cf. O.N. leistr "the foot," O.H.G. leist "track, footprint," Goth. laistjan "to follow," O.E. læran "to teach"). Source: Online Etymological Dictionary .. and lastly I found a great name for a shoe store here in Aus .. it specialised in large, fashionable shoes for ladies and was called At Last .. obviously an expression of a sentiment on finally being able to find the shoe size they needed .. WoZ's lasting memories of lasts "The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things." Re: Let the cobbler stick to his last by Phil White Phil White » Mon May 09, 2011 10:29 pm this brings a smile to my face. In common with many British families after the war, my parents did not have a great deal of money, and my father, being parsimonious to say the least, would turn his hand to many things to save money. I have never known anyone hang wallpaper or paint woodwork with more care and attention to detail. He also made most of my mother's dresses and, you've guessed it, repaired our shoes. After he died a couple of years back and when my mother moved from the big house, I was clearing out the garage, and it was with some sadness and wistful nostalgia that I threw out his old last, leather knife and set of leather rasps that had by then been rusting for many a year. At least I have seen one in use! Phil White Re: Let the cobbler stick to his last by marie26 marie26 » Tue May 10, 2011 2:16 am I'm sad you tnrew it out too. I think younger generations need to see these things to know the pride, inguinuity and hard-work that it took to remain well-heeled (well at least heeled anyway) before things got too easy to be appreciated. My grams had a wooden bulbous shaped thingy that she used to darn our socks. I wish I could find that to show mh children. I may someday learn how to use this. I think we forget that these earlier forms of 'recycling' not only helped to avoid waste, they taught us the value of the 'everyday.' This also calls to mind Eric's touching story of his Granny recycling a sweater. Being in the education field, I'd love to get off of this soapbox and create some kind of a photographic story of these early recyclers! by Ken Greenwald Ken Greenwald » Tue May 10, 2011 3:42 am Wiz wrote: .. Ken I am not sure what they called the wooden blocks, shaped like shoes, that used to be put inside shoes to make sure they kept their shape .. was it also called a last ?? .. also I am aware of a wooden shoe shaped gadget that was placed inside new shoes and then a screw was turned and the shoe part expanded to help stretch the shoe .. was that called a last ?? .. Wiz, The wooden foot-shape thingies that you put in the shoe to keep its shape when not wearing them, we always called a shoetree. The shoetree was either spring-loaded or it had a lever arm with a heal-shaped piece of wood which would, when pressed down into the shoe would be just a bit longer and fit snugly. These items were sold according to shoe size, because if you got one too big it would actually stretch the shoe or do some damage, and if you got one too small there wouldn’t be any pressure and it would do nothing. Most dictionaries I checked do list SHOETREE, but surprisingly my Merriam-Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary doesn’t. The wooden foot-shaped thing used to stretch shoes we called a shoe stretcher. The stretching was done with a screw mechanism. This was an item that a shoemaker used, but not the average person at home. As I recall he use to put some kind of liquid on the shoe while it was being stretched and this liquid had the property that it wouldn’t discolor the leather but would only help stretch it. It’s interesting to see how different dictionaries define these terms. AMERICAN HERITAGE DICTIONARY: A form made of wood, metal, or other inflexible material inserted into a shoe to stretch it or preserve its shape. [[there is an expandable picture if you check this dictionary online and it shows a shoetree that has both a screw and the wooden lever at the end. The screw in this instance allows one shoetree to fit many different sizes. I actually have a few shoetrees that I keep in my dress shoes but they only have the wood lever and since there is no adjustment, the shoe size is actually stamped on the shoetree.]] TREE: a shoetree or boot tree. __________________ RANDOM HOUSE WEBSTER's UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY One pair of foot-shaped devices, usually of metal or wood, for placing in a shoe to maintain its shape when it is not being worn. _________________ OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY See BOOT-TREE BOOT-TREE: A shaped block inserted into a boot to stretch it or keep it in shape. BOOT-STRETCHER: [[self explanatory since they give no definition, but list it above boot-tree]] _________________ WORDNIK SHOE-STRETCHER: A last made with a movable piece which can be raised or lowered with a screw, to distend the leather of the shoe in any part. BOOT-STRETCHER: An apparatus for stretching the uppers of boots and shoes. ________________

The Last

Former Representative from the 5th district, Rahm Emanuel was born on Nov 29, 1959. What government position does he hold?

Bones and Joints of the Foot and Ankle -footEducation Bones and Joints of the Foot and Ankle Overview Regions of the foot: Hind-foot – as the name suggests, the hindfoot is the portion of the foot closest to the center of the body. It begins at the ankle joint and stops at the calcaneal-cuboid joint. Mid-foot – The midfoot begins with the calcaneal-cuboid joint, and essentially ends where the metatarsals begin. While it has several more joints than the hind-foot, it still possesses little mobility. Fore-foot – the fore-foot is composed of the metatarsals and phalanges. The bones that comprise the fore-foot are those that are last to leave the ground during walking. Mobile Joints of the foot and ankle: Ankle joint Joints of midfoot or “Lisfranc” Joint (a.k.a. tarso-metatarsal (TMT) joints or cuneiform-metatarsal joints) Bones of the lower leg and hind-foot: Tibia, Fibula, Talus, Calcaneous. Tibia and Fibula (Long Bones) Though the tibia (commonly called the shin bone) is not a part of the foot, it plays an important role. The foot is connected to the body where the bones of the foot and ankle meet the tibia and fibula (the small bone to the outside of the tibia). The tibia is also responsible for holding up 85% of the weight that presses down on the foot in the standing position. The tibia and fibula are held together by a tough layer of connective tissue, known as the Interosseous Membrane. The membrane thickens at the lower part of the leg, in order to make the ankle more stable. These two bones connect with the talus by forming a sort of dish which the talus fits into. This dish is known as the mortise of the ankle joint. Talus The talus is something of an odd bone because of its strange shape and the fact that 70% of this bone is covered with hyaline cartilage (joint cartilage). The talus acts as a “ball joint”, playing the critical roll of connecting the lower leg to the foot. The talus is covered by so much cartilage because it connects so many different bones. The talus holds the ankle together by connecting to the lower leg with a ball joint, connecting to the calcaneous on the underside through the subtalar joint, and by helping connect the back part of the foot (hindfoot) to the midfoot via the talo-navicular joint. These series of connections allow the foot to rotate smoothly around the talus, as when you roll your ankle in a circle. Unfortunately, the talus has relatively poor blood supply, which means that injuries to this bone take greater time to heal than might be the case with other bones. Parts of the Talus The talus is generally thought of as having three or four parts: The talar body including the “dome” of the talus The talar neck The talar head The talar body is roughly square in shape and is topped by the dome. It connects the talus to the lower leg at the ankle joint. The talar head interacts with the navicular bone to form the talo-navicular joint. The talar neck is located between the body and head of the talus, and is remarkable because it is one of the few areas of the talus not covered with cartilage, and is one of the few places that blood can flow to in the talus. Calcaneus (The Heel Bone) The calcaneus is commonly referred to as the heel bone. The calcaneus is the largest bone in the foot, and along with the talus, it makes up the area of the foot known as the hind-foot. The calcaneus is something like an oddly shaped egg; hard cortical bone on the outside covers softer cancellous bone on the inside. There are three protrusions on the top surface of the calcaneus (the posterior, middle, and anterior “facets”) that allow the talus to sit on top of the calcaneus, forming the sub-talar joint. The calcaneus also joins to another bone at the furthest end, away from the lower leg  and toward the toes. At this end, the calcaneus connects to the cuboid bone to form the calcaneal-cuboid joint. Subtalar Joint The talus rests above the calcaneous to form the subtalar joint. However, the talus does not sit directly on top of the calcaneus. Instead, it rests slightly offset toward the outside of the foot (the side nearest the little toe). This positioning allows the foot to cope with uneven terrain because it allows a little more flexibility from side to side. The subtalar joint doesn’t move independently; it moves along with the talo-navicular joint and the calcaneo-cuboid joint, two joints located near the front of the talus. Bones of the Mid-foot: Cuboid, Navicular, Cuneiform (3) Cuboid The cuboid bone is the main bone of the mid-foot. It is a square-shaped bone on the outside of the foot, and possesses several places to connect with other bones. The main joint formed with the cuboid is the calcaneo-cuboid joint. Farther along its length, the cuboid also connects with the base of the fourth and fifth metatarsals (the metatarsals of the last two toes). On the inner side, it also connects with one of the lateral cuneiform bones. Calcaneo-cuboid Joint The calcaneal-cuboid joint attaches the heel bone to the cuboid. Navicular The navicular is located in front of the talus and connects with it through the talo-navicular joint. The navicular is curved on the surface nearest the ankle. The side farthest from the ankle joint connects to each of the three cuneiform bones. Like the talus, the navicular has a poor blood supply. On the inner side (closest to the middle of the foot), there is a piece of bone that juts out, which is called the navicular tuberosity. This is the site where the posterior tibial tendon anchors into the bone. Talonavicular Joint As the name suggests, the talo-navicular joint connects the talus to the navicular. The curve of the navicular is designed to connect smoothly with the front surface of the talus. This joint allows for the potential to have significant motion between the hindfoot and the midfoot, depending on the position the hindfoot is in. Cuneiforms There are three different cuneiform bones present side-by-side in the midfoot. The one located on the inside of the midfoot is called the medial cuneiform. The middle cuneiform is located centrally in the midfoot, and to the outside is the lateral cuneiform. All three cuneiforms line up in a row and articulate with the navicular, forming the naviculo-cuneiform joint. The structure of the cuneiforms is similar to a roman arch. Each cuneiform connects to the others in order to form a more stable unit. These bones, along with the strong plantar and dorsal ligaments that connect to them, provide a good deal of stability for the midfoot. Bones of the Fore-foot: Metatarsals (5), Phalanges (14), Sesmoid Bones (2) Metatarsals Each foot contains five metatarsals. These are the long bones that lead to the base of each toe. The metatarsals are numbered 1-5, starting on the inside and leading outward (from big toe to smallest). Each metatarsal is a long bone that joins with the mid-foot at its base, a joint called the tarsal-metatarsal joint, or Lisfranc joint. In general, the first three metatarsals are more rigidly held in place than the last two, although in some individuals there is increased motion associated with the 1st metatarsal where it joins the midfoot (at the 1st tarso-metatarsal joint), and this increased motion may predispose them to develop a bunion. The long part of the metatarsal bone is known as the metatarsal “shaft”, and the thick end of the bone nearest the toes is known as the metatarsal “head” (the metatarsal neck lies between the shaft and head). The head serves two very important functions: First, the metatarsal heads are the locations where weightbearing takes place. Second, the phalanges connect to the foot at the metatarsal heads at a joint called the metatarsal-phalangeal joint. These joints are very flexible, allowing the metatarsal heads to continuously support the weight of the body, as the foot moves from heel to toe. First Metatarsal – The largest of the metatarsal, both in terms of length and width. Second Metatarsal – The fore-foot is made extremely stable not only by the ligaments connecting the bones, but also because the second metatarsal is recessed into the medial cuneiform, in comparison to the others. The second metatarsal may be overly long in some individuals, predisposing them to 2nd metatarsalgia . Fourth and Fifth Metatarsal – The fourth and fifth metatarsal may have greater range of motion than the others do. Phalanges The phalanges make up the bones of the toes. They are connected to the rest of the foot by the metatarsal-phalangeal joint. The first toe, also known as the great toe due to its relatively large size, is the only one to be comprised of only two phalanges. These are known as the proximal phalanx (closest to the ankle) and the distal phalanx (farthest from the ankle). The four “lesser toes” (toes 2-5) all have three phalanges. The phalanx closest to the ankle is known as the proximal phalanx, which articulates with the “middle” phalanx, the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP joint). The middle phalanx meets the “distal” phalanx at the distal interphalangeal joint. An imbalance in the tendons pulling across these small joints of the toes will lead to deformity of the toe, such as a clawtoe. A list of the joints of the toes can be found below. Inter-Phalangeal Joint (great toe only) Proximal Inter-Phalangeal Joint (PIP joint – toes 2-5) Distal Inter-Phalangeal Joint (DIP joint -toes 2-5) Sesamoid Bones A sesamoid bone is a bone that is also part of a tendon. An easy example of such a bone is the kneecap (patella). In the foot, there are two sesamoid bones, each of which is located directly underneath the first metatarsal head. These seasmoids are part of the flexor hallucis brevis tendon. Edited October 17, 2015

i don't know

Currently the 3rd most popular search engine, what is the name of Microsoft's competitor to Google?

Google, Baidu Are the World's Most Popular Search Engines | Digital Trends Don't Fall Behind Stay current with a recap of today's Tech News from Digital Trends According to Net Marketshare , Google is the world’s most popular search engine. No shocker there, but you’ve probably never heard of the search engine that’s in second place. It’s called Baidu, and it’s from China. Though Baidu isn’t exactly a household name here in the U.S., it’s pretty big. In fact, the company is even  referred to as “China’s Google.” As of this past June, Google occupies 68.75 percent of the global search engine pie. Baidu is a distant second, carving out 18.03 percent for itself. That’s more than Yahoo and Bing combined. Yahoo holds third place as of June, with 6.73 percent. Bing trails it, eating up only 5.55 percent of the global search engine market, as of last month. On top of that, Baidu’s share has consistently grown in recent months, Net Marketshare’s data indicates. For instance, back in March, its share was rated at 16.77 percent. Fast forward to June, and that number has risen, without any drops in between, to 18.03. That’s a growth rate of almost 1.3 percent from March to June – not bad at all, considering that Baidu’s competition consists of some of the biggest tech and web companies in the history of the world. Plus, their U.S. penetration is likely close to nil at this point. Though Baidu is the search engine of choice for many Chinese people, the company has made moves to woo the interest of English speaking developers. Back in 2013, Baidu launched an English-language site tailored towards devs. They have even hired people away from Google , like Andrew Ng, the company’s former head of artificial intelligence. Though Google’s search engine share easily trumps Baidu’s at this point, could we someday be saying “Baidu it,” instead? That doesn’t quite roll off the tongue as well though, does it?

Bing

What product was advertised with the slogan: Like a rock?

Who Competes With Google Search? Just Amazon, Apple And Facebook Who Competes With Google Search? Just Amazon, Apple And Facebook {{article.article.images.featured.caption}} Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Full Bio The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer. Loading ... This story appears in the {{article.article.magazine.pretty_date}} issue of {{article.article.magazine.pubName}}. Subscribe Image via CrunchBase The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is in the final stages of conducting its Google investigation. As the agency contemplates whether Google is a monopolist in the ill-defined market for search, they may find the competitive ground has shifted beneath their feet in just the 15 months since they began investigating. While a year or two ago, Google’s main competition in search might have been Bing and Yahoo , today it’s Apple and Amazon, and tomorrow it may be Facebook . The market is almost certainly broader than general search engines as we normally think of them. Just last week, the New York Times ran a story explaining that Google and Amazon are “at war to become the pre-eminent online mall.” The story cited survey data from two consultancies that should give the antitrust authority pause: Forrester Research found that a third of online users started their product searches on Amazon compared to 13 percent who started their search from a traditional search site; and comScore found that product searches on Amazon have grown 73 percent over the last year while shopping searches on Google have been flat. These impressive statistics suggest that Google lacks market power in a critical segment of search—namely, product searches. Even though searches for items such as power tools or designer jeans account for only 10 to 20 percent of all searches, they are clearly some of the most important queries for search engines from a business perspective, as they are far easier to monetize than informational queries like “Kate Middleton.” One senses that the FTC has not focused much on competition from Amazon in product search, or that they even think of Amazon as a search engine. Instead, antitrust agencies around the globe have fixated on helping middlemen comparison-shopping sites such as Nextag and PriceGrabber, most of whom charge retailers for listings. Google is taking heat from comparison sites for doing the same thing because Google is perceived to be the most important source for online shoppers. That regulators are willing to breathe life into these intermediaries implies they do not recognize the platform-based competition between Google and Amazon for product searches. Amazon is not the only behemoth that competes with Google for search. Apple’s Siri can do search and whole lot more, from helping Samuel L. Jackson design the perfect dinner to making John Malkovich laugh to helping Martin Scorsese maneuver through New York. As search evolves from links into answers, services like Siri become highly valuable. And the ITunes App Store represents the launching pad for many searches that would otherwise start on Google. A couple in Virginia that enjoys winery tours might begin their search by installing “Virginia Wine in My Pocket” or “Virginia Wineries” on their iPhone rather than search the web. In March of this year, Apple announced that more than 25 billion apps had been downloaded from its App Store by the users of the more than 315 million iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch devices worldwide. One wonders whether any of these downloads are being counted by the FTC in their calculations of Google’s market share. And now Facebook is getting into search. At a Disrupt conference last week, Mark Zuckerberg explained that search engines are evolving into places where users go for answers, and that Facebook is uniquely positioned to compete in that market: “And when you think about it from that perspective, Facebook is pretty uniquely positioned to answer a lot of the questions that people have. So what sushi restaurants have my friends gone to in New York in the past six months and liked? . . . . These are queries that you could potentially do at Facebook if we build out this system that you just couldn’t do anywhere else.” It may not be natural to associate Amazon (an online retailer), Apple (a device maker), and Facebook (a social media site) with search, but in the technology industry, your next competitive threat can come from anywhere. Monopoly and the kind of robust platform competition between Apple, Amazon, Google, and Facebook are mutually exclusive portraits of reality. Will the FTC turn a blind eye toward this advanced form of competition?

i don't know

Which famous bodybuilder advertised his ability to transform a "97 pound weakling" into a muscle man?

Personal-Training Sessions - Teamdunston | Groupon $89 for four personal training sessions ($360 value) $169 for eight personal training sessions ($720 value) $159 for four personal training sessions for two people ($640 value) $309 for eight personal training sessions for two people ($1,280 value) Isometrics: All You Need Is You  Your trainer may throw a few isometric movements into the fitness mix. Bulk up with knowledge via Groupon’s intro to isometrics. Charles Atlas, the mail-order fitness king, made his famous transformation from 97-pound weakling to “The World’s Most Perfectly Developed Man” partly by standing stock-still. In his system of self-perfection, he often used moves that pitted muscle against muscle without moving the joints, which is also known as isometrics. These kinds of exercises were ideal during the Great Depression because they required little to no equipment. Press your palms together, hold a plank position, push against a wall, or flex your biceps and you’re increasing tension and placing beneficial stress on your muscle fibers even though you’re not going anywhere. You’re also not requiring much from your joints, tendons, or connective tissue, so isometrics can be an excellent way to maintain muscle even while recovering from an injury or a career as human pretzel. People with arthritis who experience pain with movement can also find them beneficial. Because they involve holding one position, isometric exercises are tightly targeted on relatively small sections of muscle. For that reason, you probably won’t find a strength-training program that relies on isometric moves alone—in order to develop strength across your entire range of motion, you need to stress the muscle at every angle. Customer Reviews

Charles Atlas

Who's missing? Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer ,John G. Roberts, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor. A bonus point if you can tell me why the missing person is missing.

Trinity College Dublin (Republic of Ireland)     An ad of Atlas program. Source: Charles Atlas LTD Early twentieth-century United States witnessed the fast development of fitness industry. The most well-known and successful example might be the “Dynamic Tension” program, a mail order workout course created by Charles Atlas and his marketing partner Charles Roman. The program of Atlas enjoyed great success that continues to this day and has owned over 30 million customers. [1] During the heyday of his program from 1929 to 1948, Atlas claimed that it could provide qualities that American men believed they needed at that time, including a sense of control, increased sexual vigour, and attractiveness and a strong personality. It will be argued that these qualities represented the cornerstones of masculinity in the male psyche at a time when the country experienced a perceived crisis of masculinity. [2]     The conception of masculinity in the United States had been changing during the past two centuries. In the first half of 19th century, men of rotund proportions were considered the embodiment of health and fitness. Muscularity then was associated with the working class, toiling in fields or factories. [3] This perception began changing from the 1860s onwards with the adoption of physical culture, generally defined as “the sum total of a society’s activities and attitudes connected with physical development and education”. [4] There was a societal acceptance of exercising as a means of improving the body. This change was primarily due to increased interest in sport among the upper classes and also to the rise of “Christian Muscularity” among the lower classes, whereby a good Christian was seen as a strong Christian. [5] Men such as Eugen Sandow and Bernarr McFadden became living embodiments of physical culture in the early twentieth century. Both Sandow and McFadden proved very successful in spreading the concept of physical culture before the arrival of Atlas.             Immigration and industrialization during the late 19th century also helped transform American understanding of muscularity. The rise of immigration and industrialization led some social commentators to believe that white American men were becoming too feminine. Additionally important, the large influx of European immigrants resulted in increasing economic competition and a destabilized sense of masculinity in the U.S. during the nineteenth century. [6] Under the perceived crises of masculinity, men sought a muscular body type in the early twentieth century as a means of separating themselves from women and immigrants. [7]   The economic crises in the early 20th century also contributed to the deepening of a perceived crisis of masculinity among American men, that in turn contributed to the development of fitness industry, such as Atlas’s business. Scholars have noted that during the Great Depression, men blamed themselves for the economic crash. [8] Indeed, Atlas’s business partner, Roman, noted in 1942 that their business tended to do well during times of crisis, as men believed they were unemployed due to a lack of physical power. [9] The loss of employment led to emasculation in some men during the Great Depression. Engaging in physical self-improvement gave unemployed men back a sense of control. Men turned to fitness as compensation for social changes that left them feeling stripped of their former power. [10] Added to this, World War II in the 1930s and 1940s made men more conscious of their bodies, as military fitness became a talking point in the media. [11] Physical fitness was not just a matter of pride; it arguably became a means of survival and self-preservation. Taken as a whole, these long-term and short-term societal trends go some way in explaining the society and male psyche, into which Atlas and Roman tapped.     An ad of Atlas program. Source: Charles Atlas LTD Of relevance to the business success was the public persona presented by Atlas and his business partner Roman. Randy Roach perhaps sums up the fitness industry best when he described much of it as “muscle, smoke and mirrors.” [12] Atlas himself was an almost mythical embodiment of many of the prevailing societal changes discussed above. He was an Italian immigrant who, according to legend, went from being a “97 pound weakling” as a boy, to winning Bernarr McFadden’s “Most Perfectly Developed Man” competition in 1921 and 1922. After Atlas’s victory in 1922, it is said that McFadden ceased holding the competition since Atlas would win every time. [13] Atlas himself preached and practiced a healthy, clean life, reminiscent of “Christian Muscularity” of the previous century. [14] Some contemporaries, including Atlas himself, compared Atlas’s physique with that of the Greek Gods. [15] Atlas set up an exercise mail order business in 1922, however it did not take off until Charles Roman joined the business in 1929,. Roman was an  account executive at a New York Advertising Agency before he met Atlas. Months afterwards, Roman became Atlas’s partner in their new company. Roman preferred, it seems, to allow Atlas to be the face of the campaign, while he focused on the marketing aspect. [16] Upon Roman’s death, the New York Times obituary declared Roman to have been “the Brains Behind the Brawn.” [17]     With Atlas as the face, and Roman as the brains, their business flourished. The company made over $300,000 in 1941 alone. [18] To understand the business’s success in the economic climate in the 1930s, it is necessary to examine the product and how it was marketed. The product itself was a mail order workout program, delivered in twelve lessons that promised a radical change in physique and appearance, if followed dutifully. [19] The programme demanded dedicated commitment from the user to be effective. What was novel, and to the course’s advantage, was that no equipment was necessary. The programme was based on what Roman termed “Dynamic Tension,” meaning muscles would be built by pitting one muscle against the other. [20] Roman, the main figure behind the advertising, used bold statements such as: “Let me prove I can make you a new man,” “Don’t be a half man,” or “I manufacture weaklings into men.” The most famous of the Atlas advertisements was a comic strip, supposedly depicting an episode from Atlas’s life, in which a young man (Mac) is bullied on a beach in front of a girl, goes home in shame, starts the Atlas course, and finally defeats the same bully and gets the girl. It was accompanied by the caption, “the insult that made a man out of Mac.” [21] It was a powerful indication of what a man should be; strong-willed, attractive and with a muscular body. Pettegrew has called this advertisement, “one of the most formative commercial texts on normative American masculinity ever seen.” [22] Toon and Golden goes further and calls it, “the greatest mail order ad of all time.” [23]   The delivery of the advertisements was as important and effective as the messages themselves. Famously, “the insult that made a man out of Mac” advertising was produced in dozens of comic book strips as it targeted adolescents. The advertisement is regarded as one of the most successful comic advertising campaigns in U.S. history. The message of what strength and muscles could achieve was delivered at an important time of identity formation for many teenagers. [24] Zolotow, writing in 1942, noted, “for twenty years, the iron muscled body of Atlas has fascinated adolescents.” [25] Roman himself noted that in the early years of the business, the average age of the men subscribing to the course was between 15 and 25. [26] While marketing was primarily geared towards younger generations, Atlas was quick to point out that his workout could be done by all ages. [27] It is generally, agreed, however, that the course was marketed towards young white heterosexual men, as the advertisements only featured young white males and promoted the heterosexual lifestyle. [28] Atlas himself contributed to the promotion of his product by participating in numerous public exhibitions, further enhancing his image in the public eye as a man of herculean strength and beauty. [29] Along with these public exhibitions, Atlas’s advertisements circulated in a number of magazines with a huge geographical spread. In 1942 alone, Atlas’s business advertised in some one hundred and twenty five pulp-paper magazines. [30]        Atlas playing tug of war with the Rockettes Source: Charles Atlas LTD The success of the Atlas workout program helps illustrate public perceptions about masculinity and the crisis of masculinity in America at that time. It is interesting that the success of Atlas’s product came after America’s successful engagement in World War I, and a period of relative prosperity, followed by the trauma of the Great Depression. Perhaps it was not surprising that the youth of America were attracted to a programme that seemed to promise increased physical strength and self-discipline. Public perceptions about masculinity, as espoused by Atlas and Roman, were partly concerned with control, and indeed their programme marketed the idea that men had to take control of their lives. This is made clear in several of the advertising techniques used in promoting the Atlas product. As mentioned earlier, Roman asserted that their business tended to do well during times of crisis, as men believed they were unemployed due to a lack of physical power. Atlas in 1936 wrote, “This is essentially the age of survival of the fittest,” and Atlas advertised that his workout course held “the key to your future.” [31] Accordingly, the message being promulgated was that physical power equated with taking control of one’s destiny.     Control in the Atlas advertisements extended beyond physical power. It included control over one’s body and habits. Lesson one of the Atlas Dynamic Tension Course elucidated this: “The first great step necessary is the reformation of habits.” [32] Atlas called this “personal power,” and certainly it represented a new means of control over one’s self. [33] Early Atlas advertisements challenged men to “take charge of your life.” [34] Indeed in 1936, Atlas wrote that if a man had any secret habits that he wanted to get rid of, he needed his course. [35] The Dynamic Tension workout also demanded that “students”, Atlas’s term for his customers, “mastered methods for acquiring great internal strength.” [36] Coupled with this, Atlas’s company sent out testimonial forms to students asking them to note any changes in their will power since beginning the course. [37] Use of such forms presents a powerful reminder of the effectiveness of the marketing campaign. Not only did it purport to provide the tools to masculinity, regular check ups with customers were done to ensure the programme was being utilised.   How did the customers respond to this idea? Letters to Charles Atlas from some of his students provide an interesting window of study into the male psyche. One student’s wife, “B.A.,” wrote to thank Atlas, as due to his workout course, her husband had stopped drinking alcohol completely. [38] Another student wrote to Atlas claiming, “today I feel no man can rule or oppress me,” exhibiting the importance of control over one’s destiny. [39] A recent study found that control is a major incentive for men to exercise. [40] Certainly this seems to have been the case for some of Atlas’s students during this time. “M.H.” from Texas informed Atlas, “my body will show anyone how I am today.” [41] Wiegers argues that physical culture at this time was tied to a strong work ethic, and that “out of shape” bodies represented laziness and weakness for some. [42] Thus, the ideas of control seem to have resonated greatly with some of Atlas’s students as a defining characteristic of masculinity. Control indicated a strong work ethic and discipline during a period of economic and masculine instability.   Control was not the only issue that characterised masculinity for men such as Atlas and Roman. Sexual health and attractiveness were also presented as cornerstones of masculinity. Chapman, writing on Eugene Sandow, a predecessor of Atlas, wrote that one aspect of physical culture Sandow promoted was that it helped those men with a “lack of vigour,” a euphemism for sexual impotency. [43] Atlas, writing in 1936, was more subtle in his advertising, highlighting the dangers that could befall a marriage in which the husband is too tired, “and constantly interested only in ‘sitting down to rest’ at night.” [44] It is often forgotten that Atlas published a series of books on sex at the end of the 1920s aimed at informing men on the finer points on love. [45] Such a message was combined with the idea that Atlas’s workout made men more attractive to the opposite sex. This was most strongly suggested in “the insult that made a man of Mac advertisements,” in which the newly muscled white male gets the girl after defeating the bully. [46] Men were encouraged to “show your girl what you're really made of.” [47] The perceptions of masculinity were in part driven by the idea that muscularity was attractive to women.   Once again, letters sent to Charles Atlas from clients are informative. Very revealing is the letter from “R.B.” to Atlas, informing him, “I got my girlfriend through you.” [48] “J.C.S.” wrote of how it “never ceases to amuse me to see the expression on their [his friends] faces when they grab my arm in a friendly gesture and feel the muscle there.” [49] “J.D.” kept his message to Atlas short, informing him, “I think that I look much better inside and outside.” [50] It is interesting to note that this idea of muscles increasing attractiveness was prevalent in the time of Sandow and is enjoying resurgence today. In the late twentieth century, a study by Pope found that most respondents believed they would be more attractive to women if they had an additional fourteen kilograms of muscle. [51] The correspondence to Atlas shows that this idea was prevalent among many of his students as well. Attractiveness and success with the opposite sex, it would seem, made up part of the male perception of masculinity at this time.   Another aspect of masculinity perceived by the public is strong personality. Dynamic Tension promised, “Others will see, by your bearing, that you have personality, reserve power and magnetism.” [52] Atlas’s short pamphlet written in 1936 is telling. Atlas wanted his students to become “the perfect man, mentally and physically.” [53] Atlas lamented that as a “97 pound weakling,” he had no personality. [54] Such writings were accompanied by advertisements for Atlas’s course, grandiosely declaring, “You cannot be a leader and a weakling. The weak, timid man is afraid. He lacks the courage, the daring and the strength. He has no poise, no self-confidence…everyone detects the weakling.” [55] Frederick MacMonnies, writing a testimonial about Atlas in the 1920s, seemed to echo Atlas’s advertising, noting that he had “observed that Health and Strength accompany honesty and integrity.” [56] According to Atlas advertisements in 1936, weaklings could not lead and had unstable employment statuses: “Be the husky who’s hired, while the weaklings are fired.” [57] Such a message came soon after the Great Depression and during World War II, demonstrating that a cornerstone of masculinity were men of strong conviction and personality.   Wiegers argues that for many, exercising allows a person to make powerful statements about who they are. [58] Relating Wiegers’s argument to a study in 2003, it certainly appeared relevant sixty years earlier for Atlas, who believed that a strong body went hand in hand with a strong personality. His students seemed to agree. “T.A.” wrote that her husband had “changed in looks and personality” since he began Atlas’s course. [59]   Very revealing is the letter from “M.M” that thanked Atlas: “I shall always think of you as the man who has brought me from darkness into sunshine and gave me the status, which has enabled me to become a real man among men.” [60] It appears in the words of one student of Atlas, that men were “very proud of their body, thanks to” Atlas. This pride in physical appearance seems, at least from some of Atlas’s students, to have had a beneficial effect on their personality. Returning to the quote from another former student, “Today I feel no man can rule or oppress me”, it can be suggested that for many, a strong body correlated with a strong personality reinvigorated their masculinity. [61] Another Atlas student wrote that he was now a “he-man” thanks to the workout. [62] It seems that many who subscribed to the Atlas workout course accepted the perception that a strong personality was a pillar of masculinity.   Succeeding at a profound juncture in U.S. history, when there existed a perceived crisis of masculinity in the male psyche, Atlas’s product purported delivering a sense of control, increased sexual vigour and attractiveness, and a strong personality. Such qualities, it was argued, were seen as the cornerstones of masculinity that addressed what some perceived as a crisis of masculinity within the male psyche. The success of Charles Atlas’s business provides a window into certain qualities identified as important to the male perception of masculinity during this time period. Many students of Atlas would surely agree with Reich that the Atlas workout programme was one of the most “formalised plans of mainstreamed American masculine identity formation.” [63] The success of Atlas’s programme illustrates the extent to which many young men were prepared to accept the message about what masculinity meant.     [1] Bean, J. email. Message to author, February 19, 2013. [2] For the purposes of this essay, “psyche” has been taken to mean the male spirit or mind, and masculinity “as the possession of qualities traditionally associated with men.” See, respectively, Oxford Dictionary, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/psyche and http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/masculinity (accessed September 19, 2013). [3] D. Chapman, Sandow the Magnificent: Eugen Sandow and the Beginnings of Bodybuilding (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 2. [4] R. Roach, Muscle, Smoke, & Mirrors (Bloomington: AuthorHouse, 2008), 1:5. [5] W. Greene, “A Child of Three Fathers: Physical Culture and the Birth of the Modern Fitness Magazine” (PhD diss., Lehigh University, 2003), 5. [6] J. Reich, “The World's Most Perfectly Developed Man: Charles Atlas, Physical Culture, and the Inscription of American Masculinity,” Men and Masculinities, 12 (2010): 456. [7] J. Pettegrew, Brutes in suits: Male Sensibility in America, 1890-1920 (London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 309. [8] J. Black, “Muscle Man,” Smithsonian 40:5 (2009): 66. [9] M. Zolotow, ‘You, Too, Can Be a New Man,” Saturday Evening Post, 7 February, 1942, 59. [10] Y. Wiegers, “Male Bodybuilding: The Social Construction of a Masculine Identity,” The Journal of Popular Culture 32 (1998): 148. [11] Wiegers, “Male Bodybuilding,” 3 and Zolotow, “You, Too, Can Be a New Man,” 61. [12] Roach, Muscle, Smoke, & Mirrors, xii. [13] C. Gaines and G. Butler, Yours in Perfect Manhood, Charles Atlas: The Most Effective Fitness Program Ever Devised (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1982), 26. Also importantly, McFadden held the competition after the success of a similar competition held by Eugen Sandow first in 1901 according to Chapman, Sandow the Magnificent, 135. [14] Gaines, and Butler, Yours in Perfect Manhood, 92, quoted Atlas as saying, “We are created in God’s image and God doesn’t want to be a weakling.” [15] C. Atlas, Everlasting Health and Strength, (New York, C. Atlas, 1936), 7. [16] Greene, A Child of Three Fathers, 46. [17] E. Pace, ‘Charles Roman, the Brains Behind the Brawn, Dies at 92’, The New York Times, (1999), http://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/business/charles-roman-the-brains-behind-the-brawn-dies-at-92.html (accessed: 18 January 2013). [18] M. Newman, ‘Hey Skinny! Charles Atlas Lives!’, New York Times, 31 May 2001, 3. [19] Atlas, Everlasting Health and Strength, 42. [20] Gaines and Butler, Yours in Perfect Manhood, 67. [21] Charles Atlas, http://www.charlesatlas.com (accessed: 6 January 2013). [22] Pettegrew, Brutes in suits, 310. [23] J. Golden and E. Toon, “Rethinking Charles Atlas,” Rethinking History, 4 (2000): 80. [24] R. Duncan, and M. J., Smith, The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture (London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2009), 96–97.. [25] Zolotow, “You, Too, Can Be a New Man,” 21. [26] Pace, “Charles Roman, the Brains Behind the Brawn, Dies at 92.” [27] Atlas, Everlasting Health and Strength, 39. [28] Greene, A Child of Three Fathers, 48.

i don't know

March 3, 1991 saw George Holliday videotaped what event that eventually lead to a series of riots that resulted in 53 deaths?

This day in History: Police Brutality Caught on Video: March 3, 1991 (Rodney King) This day in History: Police Brutality Caught on Video: March 3, 1991 (Rodney King) History Channel ^ | March 3, 2006 | staff Posted on 03/03/2006 11:39:20 AM PST by Rodney King At 12:45 a.m. on March 3, 1991, robbery parolee Rodney G. King stops his car after leading police on a nearly 8-mile pursuit through the streets of Los Angeles, California. The chase began after King, who was intoxicated, was caught speeding on a freeway by a California Highway Patrol cruiser but refused to pull over. Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) cruisers and a police helicopter joined the pursuit, and when King was finally stopped by Hansen Dam Park, several police cars descended on his white Hyundai. A group of LAPD officers led by Sergeant Stacey Koon ordered King and the other two occupants of the car to exit the vehicle and lie flat on the ground. King's two friends complied, but King himself was slower to respond, getting on his hands and knees rather than lying flat. Officers Laurence Powell, Timothy Wind, Ted Briseno, and Roland Solano tried to force King down, but he resisted, and the officers stepped back and shot King twice with an electric stun gun known as a Taser, which fires darts carrying a charge of 50,000 volts. At this moment, civilian George Holliday, standing on a balcony in an apartment complex across the street, focused the lens of his new video camera on the commotion unfolding by Hansen Dam Park. In the first few seconds of what would become a very famous 89-second video, King is seen rising after the Taser shots and running in the direction of Officer Powell. The officers alleged that King was charging Powell, while King himself later claimed that an officer told him, "We're going to kill you, nigger. Run!" and he tried to flee. All the arresting officers were white, along with all but one of the other two dozen or so law enforcement officers present at the scene. With the roar of the helicopter above, very few commands or remarks are audible in the video. With King running in his direction, Powell swung his baton, hitting him on the side of the head and knocking him to the ground. This action was captured by the video, but the next 10 seconds were blurry as Holliday shifted the camera. From the 18- to 30-second mark in the video, King attempted to rise, and Powell and Wind attacked him with a torrent of baton blows that prevented him from doing so. From the 35- to 51-second mark, Powell administered repeated baton blows to King's lower body. At 55 seconds, Powell struck King on the chest, and King rolled over and lay prone. At that point, the officers stepped back and observed King for about 10 seconds. Powell began to reach for his handcuffs. At 65 seconds on the video, Officer Briseno stepped roughly on King's upper back or neck, and King's body writhed in response. Two seconds later, Powell and Wind again began to strike King with a series of baton blows, and Wind kicked him in the neck six times until 86 seconds into the video. At about 89 seconds, King put his hands behind his back and was handcuffed. Sergeant Koon never made an effort to stop the beating, and only one of the many officers present briefly intervened, raising his left arm in front of a baton-swinging colleague in the opening moments of the videotape, to no discernible effect. An ambulance was called, and King was taken to the hospital. Struck as many as 56 times with the batons, he suffered a fractured leg, multiple facial fractures, and numerous bruises and contusions. Unaware that the arrest was videotaped, the officers downplayed the level of violence used to arrest King and filed official reports in which they claimed he suffered only cuts and bruises "of a minor nature." George Holliday sold his video of the beating to the local television station, KTLA, which broadcast the footage and sold it to the national Cable News Network (CNN). The widely broadcast video caused outrage around the country and triggered a national debate on police brutality. Rodney King was released without charges, and on March 15 Sergeant Koon and officers Powell, Wind, and Briseno were indicted by a Los Angeles grand jury in connection with the beating. All four were charged with assault with a deadly weapon and excessive use of force by a police officer. Though Koon did not actively participate in the beating, as the commanding officer he was charged with aiding and abetting it. Powell and Koon were also charged with filing false reports. Because of the uproar in Los Angeles surrounding the incident, the judge, Stanley Weisberg, was persuaded to move the trial outside Los Angeles County to Simi Valley in Ventura County. On April 29, 1992, the 12-person jury, which included 10 whites and no African Americans, issued its verdicts: not guilty on all counts, except for one assault charge against Powell that ended in a hung jury. The acquittals touched off rioting and looting in Los Angeles that grew into the most destructive U.S. civil disturbance of the 20th century. In three days of violence, more than 50 people were killed, more than 2,000 were injured, and nearly $1 billion in property was destroyed. On May 1, President George H. Bush ordered military troops and riot-trained federal officers to Los Angeles to quell the riot. Under federal law, the officers could also be prosecuted for violating Rodney King's constitutional rights, and on April 17, 1993, a federal jury convicted Koon and Powell for violating King's rights by their unreasonable use of force under color of law. Although Wind and Briseno were acquitted, most civil rights advocates considered the mixed verdict a victory. On August 4, Koon and Powell were sentenced to two and a half years in prison for the beating of King. ...and on 3/13/1999 he became a FReeper 1 posted on 03/03/2006 11:39:23 AM PST by Rodney King [ Post Reply | Private Reply | View Replies ] To: Rodney King This one event is what truly opened my eyes to how deceptive and biased the media was and still is. 2 posted on 03/03/2006 11:40:18 AM PST by Coop (FR= a lotta talk, but little action) [ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies ] To: Rodney King; Jersey Republican Biker Chick I've never seen someone who had a beating coming to him like Rodney King.  Every last blow, he deserved.  As for FR's own Rodney King, probably something like a complimentary overnight canoe trip would be more in line. Maybe hosted by the late Dan Haggerty, that'd be fun. Owl_Eagle (If what I just wrote makes you sad or angry,  it was probably sarcasm) 3 posted on 03/03/2006 11:44:49 AM PST by South Hawthorne (In Memory of my Dear Friend Henry Lee II) To: Owl_Eagle; Rodney King Rodney, watch out for Owl's canoe trips. If you hear "Dueling Banjos", remember "Deliverance" and RUN!!!!!!! 5 posted on 03/03/2006 11:48:20 AM PST by Jersey Republican Biker Chick (Cleverly disguised as a responsible adult.) Has ole Rodney smoked up his settlement yet? I know, silly question. To: Rodney King The One Billion Dollar traffic stop. 7 posted on 03/03/2006 11:49:56 AM PST by garyhope (Peace through superior firepower, A-10's, C-130Y gunships, rational thought and pragmatism.) [ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies ] To: Rodney King No mention of the fact that the MSM broadcasted only the specific sequences of the Rodney King video that indicted the cops, rather than those that showed the intoxicated King's continual physical resistance. 8 posted on 03/03/2006 11:53:45 AM PST by E. Pluribus Unum (Islam Factoid:After forcing young girls to watch his men execute their fathers, Muhammad raped them.) "Has ole Rodney smoked up his settlement yet?" Yes, and he spends a lot of his time in the San Bernardino County jails 9 posted on 03/03/2006 11:53:47 AM PST by scratcher [ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies ] To: Rodney King Wasn't King high on Meth or something and started fighting the cops before they started beating his ass? 10 posted on 03/03/2006 11:54:15 AM PST by brooklyn dave [ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies ] To: Coop "This one event is what truly opened my eyes to how deceptive and biased the media was and still is." I would throw the History channel in with the rest of the media, it is as biased as any other network. 11 posted on 03/03/2006 11:54:19 AM PST by ansel12 To: Rodney King Rodney King was released without charges Unaware that the arrest was videotaped, the officers downplayed the level of violence used to arrest King and filed official reports in which they claimed he suffered only cuts and bruises "of a minor nature." Powell and Koon were also charged with filing false reports On August 4, Koon and Powell were sentenced to two and a half years in prison for the beating of King. Good! 12 posted on 03/03/2006 11:55:31 AM PST by Supernatural (Lay me doon in the caul caul groon, whaur afore monie mair huv gaun) More on the sorry events this case unleashed: FindArticles > Reason > June, 1998 > Article > Print friendly Official Negligence: How Rodney King and the Riots Changed Los Angeles and the LAPD. - book reviews Fred Siegel by Lou Cannon, New York: Times Books, 698 pages, $35.00 A decade ago, an African-American teenager named Tawana Brawley captured national attention by claiming she had been raped by a gang of whites, including a prosecutor and law enforcement officers. The story turned out to be a hoax, reversing the KKK myth of a virtuous white woman defiled by black men. In a classic example of what used to be called racist and is now called multicultural thinking, the truth or falsity of Brawley's claims was beside the point for some. As the famed left-wing lawyer William Kunstler explained, "It makes no difference anymore whether the attack on Tawana really happened. It doesn't disguise the fact that a lot of young black women are treated the way she said she was treated." But it made a big difference to Stephen Pagones, the young assistant district attorney falsely accused of taking part in the rape. He is suing the Rev. Al Sharpton, who helped broadcast Brawley's allegations, for libel. To this day Sharpton insists, a la Kunstler, that the facts about a particular individual are unimportant. Sharpton also insists he believes Brawley - that's the defense he's using in the libel case. The same pernicious displacement of individual accountability by group identity stands behind the disastrous policies that helped detonate the 1992 Los Angeles riots. Lou Cannon's book Official Negligence will be read by many as a revisionist account of the Rodney King affair and the L.A. riots. Parts of the book, particularly the story of how Police Chief Daryl Gates left his post at the onset of the riots, are familiar. But the bulk of the book's painstaking 600 pages of main text is devoted to a detailed account of the Rodney King trials that will force readers to revise their old assumptions about the case. Still, the book offers much more than a provocative take on the King episode. For Cannon, a longtime Los Angeles correspondent for The Washington Post, a respect for the individual and a respect for the evidence go hand in hand. Official Negligence, which deserves the widest possible readership, is a small monument to the ideal of objectivity on the topic of race, where empiricism has long since given way to tribal versions of truth. Media coverage of the Rodney King case depicted an incident in which a group of racist cops had beaten an innocent black man without provocation and joked about what they had done. For many journalists, the story - or at least the portion of the videotape repeatedly shown on TV - fit an old script, with the LAPD in the role of Bull Connor and Rodney King in the role of a peaceful civil rights marcher. Most reporters, together with the general public, saw only the edited, 68-second version of the video, which left the impression that Rodney King had been beaten for no reason other than the color of his skin. When the case came to trial in the virtually all-white Simi Valley, jurors discovered there was another section of the tape which had not been shown on TV because of its poor quality. The previously unseen 13 seconds helped frame the case for Simi Valley's conservative jurors, who were already inclined to be suspicious of the media. The restored footage placed the case in a very different context by showing Rodney King charging at Laurence Powell, one of the cops at the scene. In the five minutes before the tape was shot, Sgt. Stacey Koon of the LAPD had taken charge of the case, in part because he feared that Melanie Singer, the California Highway Patrol officer who was the first to confront the drunken King after a high-speed chase, might use the gun she had drawn. Koon, unlike Laurence Powell, was anything but a racist. A stiff-necked man with a strong sense of his own rectitude, Koon had saved the life of a black transvestite with mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; he had also pursued, on his own time, a white cop who had abused two black homeless men. Taking over from Singer, Koon found that his commands were ignored by the muscular, six-foot-one-inch, 250-pound King, who tossed two cops off his back and took two shots from an electronic stun gun, only to keep coming. It was then that the police, barred from using a choke hold and fearful that King was hopped up on PCP, subdued him with the numerous blows from metal batons that were recorded on the tape. Reviewing all the evidence, Cannon concludes that the Simi Valley verdict of innocence for three of the cops, while a very close call, was probably justified. He notes that in the case of Laurence Powell, the one cop whose behavior probably was criminal, there was a hung jury, so he would have had to be retried. (He was ultimately convicted in federal court.) But these shades of gray would not mean much after the innocent verdicts helped trigger the riots. If Koon was probably innocent and Powell probably guilty, no such mixed judgment was possible regarding the LAPD, which failed to treat the city's African Americans as individuals, with corrosive consequences. The problem with the LAPD was not a lack of minority officers; in fact, there was a higher percentage of African Americans on the force than in the general population. Rather, it was the department's paramilitary, "kiss the concrete" style of operation, which indiscriminately treated civilians, particularly in South Central L.A., as suspects to be confronted rather than citizens to be served. The LAPD - which, under Gates, pioneered the use of SWAT teams - invested a great deal in high-tech helicopters and very little in community relations. Under the leadership of the legendary William Parker, chief from 1950-1966, the officers were trained to keep their distance from the people they were supposed to protect, on the ground that contact could only lead to corruption. This distance, combined with large-scale sweeps that drew the innocent as well as the guilty into police dragnets, meant that in South Central the old saw about the police as an army of occupation carried more than just a ring of truth. Part of the problem lay in L.A.'s unique version of the two-party system dating back to the 1950s, under which the police chief, given virtual autonomy by the city charter, was inevitably seen as the mayor's political rival. In the early 1970s, when Parker's successor, Ed Davis, tried to bring police into closer contact with residents through the kind of community policing that has been so successful in Rudy Giuliani's New York, he was rebuffed by Mayor Tom Bradley, who emerges as one of the villains in Cannon's book. In a city without a civic life to speak of, Bradley was afraid that the community relations officers, all 17 of them, might be influential enough to serve as the basis for a political machine operating on behalf of Davis, who was talking about running for mayor. It was a fateful decision, since it meant that, as with the 1965 Watts riots, hostility toward the authorities was left to smolder. If the Rodney King experience wasn't bad enough, the black population's suspicions of the police and the legal system were stoked by the Latasha Harlins case. The Empire Liquor Market Deli in South Central had been repeatedly robbed and sometimes terrorized by black gang members, explains Cannon, so when Harlins, a teenager with no criminal record, entered the store in March 1991, owner Soon Ja Du "expected the worst from the black girl." Baseless accusations of shoplifting led to a fight, and the storekeeper fired a bullet into the back of Harlins's head as she was leaving the store. The incident was bad enough; what made it worse was the conduct of Judge Joyce Karlin, who let Du off with probation on the ground that her actions resulted from social conditions which left her justifiably fearful. Once again, individual accountability was sacrificed at the altar of group identity, and the murderer of a black girl got off lightly - as would the African Americans who beat truck driver Reginald Denny nearly to death during the riots. The lesson of Cannon's book can be summed up by an exchange between William Graham Sumner, a Reconstruction-era senator who wanted to punish the South, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Sumner is supposed to have told Emerson that "in my zeal for the cause, I have risen above consideration for mere individuals." Emerson is said to have replied, "My dear sir, I hadn't realized that even God had reached that stage." Fred Siegel ( siegel@cooper.edu ), a senior fellow with the Progressive Policy Institute and a professor of history at Cooper Union College, is the author of The Future Once Happened Here: New York, L.A., D.C., and the Fate of America's Big Cities (The Free Press). COPYRIGHT 1998 Reason Foundation

Rodney King

Doctor Julius Hibbert is the resident General Practitioner on what TV series?

1992 los angeles riots : definition of 1992 los angeles riots and synonyms of 1992 los angeles riots (English) Injured 2,000+ The 1992 Los Angeles riots were a series of riots that occurred over a series of six days in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in California in April 1992. The 1992 Los Angeles riots started on April 29, 1992, after a jury trial resulted in the acquittal of four Los Angeles Police Department officers accused in the videotaped beating of motorist Rodney King following a high-speed police pursuit. Thousands of people throughout the Los Angeles metropolitan area rioted over the six days following the announcement of the verdict. [1] Widespread looting , assault , arson and murder occurred during the riots, and property damages topped roughly one billion dollars. The rioting ended after soldiers from the California Army National Guard , along with U.S. Marines from Camp Pendleton were called in to stop the rioting. In total, 53 people were killed during the riots and over two thousand people were injured. [2] [3] Contents 12.3 Audio   Etymology The 1992 Los Angeles riots are also known as the Rodney King Riots, the South Central Riots, the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Disturbance, and the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Unrest. In the South Korean immigrant community living in the Los Angeles metropolitan area , the 1992 Los Angeles Riots are referred to as Sah-E-Goo, meaning literally "four-two-nine" in the Korean language , in reference to the date of which the rioting started, April 29, 1992. [4] [5] [6]   Background   South Central Los Angeles , where much of the rioting took place. [7] On March 3, 1991, Rodney King and two passengers were driving west on the Foothill Freeway (I-210) through the Lake View Terrace neighborhood of Los Angeles. The California Highway Patrol (CHP) attempted to initiate a traffic stop. A high-speed pursuit ensued with speeds estimated at up to 115 mph first over freeways and then through residential neighborhoods. When King came to a stop, CHP Officer Timothy Singer and his wife, CHP Officer Melanie Singer, ordered the occupants under arrest. [8] After two passengers were placed in the patrol car, five white Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers ( Stacey Koon , Laurence Powell , Timothy Wind, Theodore Briseno, and Rolando Solano) attempted to subdue King, who came out of the car last. In a departure from the usual procedure, which is to tackle and cuff a suspect, King was tasered , kicked in the head, beaten with PR-24 batons for over one minute, then tackled and cuffed. The officers claimed that King was under the influence of PCP at the time of arrest, which caused him to be very aggressive and violent towards the officers. The video showed that he was crawling on the ground during the beating and that the police made no attempt to cuff him. [8] A subsequent test for the presence of PCP turned up negative. The incident was captured on a camcorder by resident George Holliday from his apartment in the vicinity. The tape was roughly ten minutes long. While the case was presented to the court, clips of the incident were not released to the public. [9] In a later interview, King, who was on parole from prison on a robbery conviction and who had past convictions for assault, battery and robbery, [10] [11] said that he had not surrendered earlier because he knew that an arrest for DUI would violate the terms of his parole. The footage of King being beaten by police while lying on the ground became a focus for media attention and a rallying point for activists in Los Angeles and around the United States. Coverage was extensive during the initial two weeks after the incident: the Los Angeles Times published forty-three articles about the incident, [12] The New York Times published seventeen articles, [13] and the Chicago Tribune published eleven articles. [14] Eight stories appeared on ABC News , including a sixty-minute special on Primetime Live .[ citation needed ]   Charges and trial The Los Angeles District Attorney subsequently charged four police officers, including one sergeant, with assault and use of excessive force. [15] Due to the heavy media coverage of the arrest, the trial received a change of venue from Los Angeles County to the politically conservative city of Simi Valley in neighboring Ventura County . The jury was composed of ten Caucasians, one Hispanic, and one Asian . [16] The prosecutor, Terry White, was black. [17] [18] On April 29, 1992, the seventh day of jury deliberations , the jury acquitted all four officers of assault and acquitted three of the four of using excessive force. The jury could not agree on a verdict for the fourth officer charged with using excessive force. [16] The verdicts were based in part on the first three seconds of a blurry, 13-second segment of the video tape that, according to journalist Lou Cannon , was edited out by television news stations in their broadcasts. [19] During the first two seconds of videotape, [20] in contradiction to claims by the police, no aspect of the video showed King aggressing Laurence Powell. During the next one minute and 19 seconds, King is beaten continuously by the officers. The officers testified that they tried to physically restrain King prior to the starting point of the videotape but, according to the officers, King was able to physically throw them off himself. [21] Another theory offered by the prosecution for the officers' acquittal is that the jurors may have become desensitized to the violence of the beating, as the defense played the videotape repeatedly in slow motion, breaking it down until its emotional impact was lost. [22] Outside the Simi Valley courthouse where the acquittals were delivered, county sheriff's deputies protected Stacey Koon from angry protest on the way to his car. Director John Singleton , who was in the crowd at the courthouse, predicted, "By having this verdict, what these people done, they lit the fuse to a bomb." [23]   Riots The riots, beginning the day of the verdicts, peaked in intensity over the next two days. A dusk-to-dawn curfew and deployment of the National Guard eventually worked to control the situation. Fifty-three people died during the riots, including ten who were shot dead by police and military forces, [24] with as many as 2,000 people injured. Estimates of the material losses vary between about $800 million and $1 billion.[ citation needed ] Approximately 3,600 fires were set, destroying 1,100 buildings, with fire calls coming once every minute at some points. Widespread looting also occurred. Stores owned by Korean and other Asian immigrants were widely targeted, [25] although other stores owned by whites and blacks were targeted by rioters as well. Many of the disturbances were concentrated in South Central Los Angeles , which was primarily composed of African American and Hispanic residents. Half of all riot arrestees and more than a third of those killed during the violence were Hispanic. [26] [27]   First day (Wednesday, April 29, 1992) The acquittals of the four accused Los Angeles Police Department officers came at 3:15 pm local time. By 3:45, a crowd of more than 300 people had appeared at the Los Angeles County Courthouse protesting the verdicts passed down a half an hour earlier. Between 5 and 6 pm, a group of two dozen officers, commanded by Los Angeles Police officer, Lieutenant Michael Moulin, confronted a growing African American crowd at the intersection of Florence and Normandie in South Central Los Angeles. Outnumbered, the police officers retreated. [7] [28] By about 6:30 pm, a new group of protesters appeared at the Los Angeles Police Departent's headquarters at Parker Center , and fifteen minutes later, the crowd at Florence and Normandie had started looting, attacking vehicles and people.[ citation needed ]   Reginald Denny beating Main article: Reginald Denny incident   Looking northeast from the southwestern corner of Florence and Normandie, in March 2010. At approximately 6:45 pm, Reginald Oliver Denny , a white truck driver who stopped at a traffic light at the intersection of Florence and Normandie Avenues, was dragged from his vehicle and severely beaten by a mob of local black residents as a TV news helicopter hovered above, piloted by reporter/pilot Bob Tur , who broadcast live pictures of the attack, including a concrete brick that was thrown by 'Football' Damian Williams that struck Denny in the temple, causing a near-fatal seizure. As Tur continued his reporting, it was clear that local police had deserted the city. Coincidentally, it was Tur's live reports that led to Denny being rescued by an unarmed, African American civilian named Bobby Green Jr. who, seeing the assault live on television, rushed to the scene and drove Denny to the hospital using the victim's own truck, which carried twenty-seven tons of sand. Denny had to undergo years of rehabilitative therapy, and his speech and ability to walk were permanently damaged. Although several other motorists were brutally beaten by the same mob, Denny remains the best-known victim of the riots because of the live television coverage.[ citation needed ]   Fidel Lopez beating At the same intersection, just minutes after Denny was rescued, another beating was captured on video tape. Fidel Lopez, a self-employed construction worker and Guatemalan immigrant, was pulled from his truck and robbed of nearly $2,000. Damian Williams smashed his forehead open with a car stereo [29] as another rioter attempted to slice his ear off. After Lopez lost consciousness, the crowd spray painted his chest, torso and genitals black. [30] Rev. Bennie Newton, an African-American minister who ran an inner-city ministry for troubled youth, prevented others from beating Lopez by placing himself between Lopez and his attackers and shouting "Kill him and you have to kill me, too".[ citation needed ] He was also instrumental in helping Lopez get medical aid by taking him to the hospital. Lopez survived the attack, undergoing extensive surgery to reattach his partially severed ear, and months of recovery.[ citation needed ]   Second day (Thursday, April 30) Although the day began relatively quietly, by mid-morning on the second day violence appeared widespread and unchecked as heavy looting and fires were witnessed across Los Angeles County . The Korean American community, seeing the police force's abandonment of Koreatown , organized armed security teams composed of store owners, who defended their livelihoods from assault by the mobs. Open gun battles were televised as Korean shopkeepers exchanged gunfire with armed looters. [31] Organized law-enforcement response began to come together by midday. Fire crews began to respond backed by police escort; California Highway Patrol reinforcements were airlifted to the city; and Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley announced a dusk-to-dawn curfew at 12:15 am. President George H. W. Bush spoke out against the rioting, stating that "anarchy" would not be tolerated. The California National Guard , which had been advised not to expect civil disturbance and had, as a result, loaned its riot equipment out to other law enforcement agencies, responded quickly by calling up about 2,000 soldiers, but could not get them to the city until nearly 24 hours had passed because of a lack of proper equipment, training, and available ammunition which had to be picked up from Camp Roberts , California (near Paso Robles ).[ citation needed ] In an attempt to end hostilities, Bill Cosby spoke on the NBC affiliate television station KNBC and asked people to stop what they were doing and instead watch the final episode of The Cosby Show . [32] [33]   Third day (Friday, May 1)   4,000 National Guard troops patrolled the city to enforce the law. The third day was punctuated by live footage of Rodney King at an impromptu news conference in front of his lawyer's Los Angeles offices on Wilshire & Doheny, saying, "People, I just want to say, you know, can we all get along?" [34] [35] That morning, at 1:00 am, California Governor Pete Wilson had requested federal assistance, but it was not ready until Saturday, by which time the rioting and looting was under control. National Guard units (doubled to 4,000 troops) continued to move into the city in Humvees , eventually seeing 10,000 National Guard troops activated. Additionally, a varied contingent of 1,700 federal law-enforcement officers from different agencies from across the state began to arrive, to protect federal facilities and assist local police. As darkness fell, the main riot area was further hit by a power cut .[ citation needed ] Friday evening, U.S. President George H.W. Bush addressed the country, denouncing "random terror and lawlessness", summarizing his discussions with Mayor Bradley and Governor Wilson, and outlining the federal assistance he was making available to local authorities. Citing the "urgent need to restore order", he warned that the "brutality of a mob" would not be tolerated, and he would "use whatever force is necessary". He then turned to the Rodney King case and a more moderate tone, describing talking to his own grandchildren and pointing to the reaction of "good and decent policemen" as well as civil rights leaders. He said he had already directed the Justice Department to begin its own investigation, saying that "grand jury action is underway today" and that justice would prevail. [36] By this point, many entertainment and sports events were postponed or canceled. The Los Angeles Lakers hosted the Portland Trail Blazers in a basketball playoff game on the night the rioting started, but the following game was postponed until Sunday and moved to Las Vegas . The Los Angeles Clippers moved a playoff game against the Utah Jazz to nearby Anaheim . In baseball, the Los Angeles Dodgers postponed games for four straight days from Thursday to Sunday, including a whole 3-game series against the Montreal Expos ; all were made up as part of doubleheaders in July. In San Francisco, a city curfew due to unrest there forced the postponement of a May 1 San Francisco Giants home game against the Philadelphia Phillies . [37] The horse racing venues Hollywood Park Racetrack and Los Alamitos Race Course were also shut down. L.A. Fiesta Broadway, a major event in the Latino community, was not held in the first weekend in May as scheduled. In Music, Van Halen canceled two concert shows in Inglewood on Saturday and Sunday. Michael Bolton was scheduled to perform at the Hollywood Bowl for Sunday, but the concert was canceled. World Wrestling Entertainment (World Wrestling Federation <WWF> at the time) also canceled events on Friday and Saturday in the cities of Long Beach and Fresno . [38] The Southern California Rapid Transit District (now Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority ) suspended all bus service throughout the Los Angeles area. Some major freeways were closed down.   Fourth day (Saturday, May 2) On the fourth day, 2,000 7th Infantry Division (L) 2nd BDE soldiers, and a company's worth of military policemen from Fort Ord , along with 1,500 U.S. Marines from Camp Pendleton , arrived to reinforce the California Army National Guard soldiers already in the city. This federal force took twenty-four hours to deploy to Huntington Park , about the same time it took for the California Army National Guard soldiers. This brought total troop strength associated with the effort to stop the breakdown in civil order to 13,500. U.S. military forces directly supported Los Angeles Police officers in restoring order and had a major effect of first containing, then stopping the violence. [39] With most of the violence under control, 30,000 people attended a peace rally. On the same day, U.S. Justice Department announced it would begin a federal investigation of the Rodney King beating.   Fifth day (Sunday, May 3) Overall quiet set in and Mayor Bradley assured the public that the crisis was, more or less, under control. [40] In one incident, National Guardsmen shot and killed a motorist who tried to run them over at a barrier. [41]   Sixth day (Monday, May 4) Although Mayor Bradley lifted the curfew, signaling the official end of the riots, sporadic violence and crime continued for a few days afterward. Schools, banks, and businesses reopened. Federal troops did not stand down until May 9; the Army National Guard remained until May 14; and some soldiers remained as late as May 27.   Riots and the Korean American community The Korean American community in Los Angeles refers to the event as "Sa-E-Gu", meaning "four-two-nine" in the Korean language , in reference to the date of April 29, 1992, which was the first day the riots started. The riots prompted various responses from the Korean American community, including the formation of activist organizations such as the Association of Korean American Victims, and increased efforts to build collaborative links with other ethnic groups. [42] During the riots, many Korean immigrants from throughout the area rushed to Koreatown , after Korean-language radio stations called for volunteers to guard against rioters. Many were armed, with a variety of improvised weapons, shotguns, and semi-automatic rifles. [43] According to Professor Edward Park, director of the Asian Pacific American Studies Program [44] at Loyola Marymount University , [45] the 1992 violence stimulated a new wave of political activism among Korean Americans, but it also split them into two main camps. The liberals sought to unite with other minorities in Los Angeles to fight against racial oppression and scapegoating . The conservatives emphasized law and order and generally favored the economic and social policies of the Republican Party . The conservatives tended to emphasize the political differences between Koreans and other minorities, specifically blacks and Hispanics. [46] [47] One of the most iconic and controversial television images of the violence was a scene of two Korean merchants firing pistols repeatedly at roving looters. The New York Times said "that the image seemed to speak of race war, and of vigilantes taking the law into their own hands." [48] The merchants, jewelry store and gun shop owner Richard Park and his gun store manager, David Joo, were reacting to the shooting of Mr. Park's wife and her sister by looters who converged on the shopping center where the shops were located. [48] David Joo, a manager of the gun store, said: “ I want to make it clear that we didn't open fire first. At that time, four police cars were there. Somebody started to shoot at us. The LAPD ran away in half a second. I never saw such a fast escape. I was pretty disappointed. ” Carl Rhyu, a participant in the Korean immigrants' armed response to the rioting, said: [49] “ If it was your own business and your own property, would you be willing to trust it to someone else? We are glad the National Guard is here. They're good backup. But when our shops were burning we called the police every five minutes; no response. ” At a shopping center several miles north of Koreatown , Jay Rhee, who estimated that he and others fired five hundred shots into the ground and air, said: “ We have lost our faith in the police. Where were you when we needed you? ” One of the largest armed camps in Los Angeles' Koreatown, Koreatown was at the California Market. On the first night after the verdicts were returned in the trial of the four officers charged in the beating of Rodney King, Richard Rhee, the market owner, posted himself in the parking lot with about 20 armed employees. [50] One year after the riots fewer than one in four damaged or destroyed businesses reopened, according to the survey conducted by the Korean American Inter-Agency Council. [51] According to a Los Angeles Times survey conducted eleven months after the riots, almost 40% of Korean Americans said they were thinking of leaving Los Angeles. [52] Before a verdict was issued in the new 1993 Rodney King federal civil rights trial against the four officers, Korean shop owners prepared for the worst as fear ran throughout the city, gun sales went up, virtually all of them by those of Korean descent, some merchants at flea markets removed their merchandise from their shelves, storefronts were fortified with extra Plexiglas and bars. Throughout the community, shop owners readied to defend themselves as if on the eve of a war. [51] College student Elizabeth Hwang spoke of the attacks on her parents' convenience store in 1992 and the fact that if trouble erupted following the 1993 trial, that they were armed with a Glock 17 pistol, a Beretta and a shotgun and they plan to barricade themselves in their store to fight off looters. [53] Some Koreans formed armed self defence groups following the 1992 riots. Speaking just prior to the 1993 verdict, Mr. Yong Kim, leader of the Korea Young Adult Team of Los Angeles, which purchased five AK-47s , stated: [53] “ We made a mistake last year. This time we won't. I don't know why Koreans are always a special target for African Americans, but if they are going to attack our community then we are going to pay them back. ”   Post-riot commentary In addition to the immediate trigger of the Rodney King verdicts, a range of other factors were cited as reasons for the unrest. Anger over Korean American shop-owner Soon Ja Du's weak sentence for fatally shooting a black teenager Latasha Harlins was pointed to as a potential reason for the riots, particularly for aggression toward Korean Americans. Publications such as Newsweek and Time suggested that the source of these racial antagonisms was derived from perceptions amongst blacks that Korean-American merchants were taking money out of their community and refusing to hire blacks to work in their shops. According to this view, these tensions were intensified when Du was sentenced to five years probation but no jail time after a jury convicted her of manslaughter . [54] [55] Another explanation offered for the riots was the extremely high unemployment among the residents of South Central Los Angeles, which had been hit very hard by the nation-wide recession , [56] and the high levels of poverty there. [57] Articles in the Los Angeles Times and The New York Times linked the economic deterioration of South Central to the declining living conditions of the residents, and suggested that local resentments about these conditions helped to fuel the riots. [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] Social commentator Mike Davis pointed to the growing economic disparity in Los Angeles in the years leading up to the riots caused by corporate restructuring and government deregulation, with inner-city residents bearing the brunt of these changes. Such conditions engendered a widespread feeling of frustration and powerlessness in the urban populace, with the King verdicts eventually setting off their resentments in a violent expression of collective public protest. [63] [64] To Davis and other writers, the tensions witnessed between African-Americans and Korean-Americans during the unrest was as much to do with the economic competition forced on the two groups by wider market forces, as with either cultural misunderstandings or blacks angered about the killing of Harlins. [27] One of the more detailed analyses of the unrest was a study produced shortly after the riots by a Special Committee of the California Legislature, entitled To Rebuild is Not Enough. [65] After extensive research, the Committee concluded that the inner-city conditions of poverty, segregation, lack of educational and employment opportunities, police abuse and unequal consumer services created the underlying causes of the riots. It also pointed to changes in the American economy and the growing ethnic diversity of Los Angeles as important sources of urban discontent, which eventually exploded on the streets following the King verdicts. Another official report, The City in Crisis, was initiated by the Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners and made many of the same observations as the Assembly Special Committee about the growth of popular urban dissatisfaction leading up to the unrest. [66] In his public statements during the riots, civil rights activist and Baptist minister Jesse Jackson sympathized with the anger experienced by African-Americans regarding the verdicts in the King trial, and pointed to certain root causes of the disturbances. Although he suggested that the violence was not justified, he repeatedly emphasized that the riots were an inevitable result of the continuing patterns of racism, police brutality and economic despair suffered by inner-city residents — a tinderbox of seething frustrations which was eventually set off by the verdicts. [67] [68] Democratic presidential candidate, Bill Clinton , argued likewise that the violence resulted from the breakdown of economic opportunities and social institutions in the inner city. He also berated both major political parties for failing to address urban issues, especially the Republican Administration for its presiding over "more than a decade of urban decay" generated by their spending cuts. [69] He maintained that the King verdicts could not be avenged by the "savage behavior" of "lawless vandals". He also stated that people "are looting because ... [t]hey do not share our values, and their children are growing up in a culture alien from ours, without family, without neighborhood, without church, without support." [69] African-American Congressional representative of South Central Los Angeles, Democrat Maxine Waters , said that the events in L.A. constituted a "rebellion" or "insurrection" caused by the underlying reality of poverty and despair existing in the inner city. This state of affairs, she asserted, were brought about by a government which had all but abandoned the poor through the loss of local jobs and by the institutional discrimination encountered by people of racial minorities, especially at the hands of the police and financial institutions. [70] [71] Conversely, President Bush argued that the unrest was "purely criminal". Though he acknowledged that the King verdicts were plainly unjust, he maintained that "we simply cannot condone violence as a way of changing the system ... Mob brutality, the total loss of respect for human life was sickeningly sad ... What we saw last night and the night before in Los Angeles is not about civil rights. It's not about the great cause of equality that all Americans must uphold. It's not a message of protest. It's been the brutality of a mob, pure and simple." [72] Vice President Dan Quayle blamed the violence on a "Poverty of Values" –"I believe the lawless social anarchy which we saw is directly related to the breakdown of family structure, personal responsibility and social order in too many areas of our society" [73] Similarly, the White House Press Secretary , Marlin Fitzwater , alleged that "many of the root problems that have resulted in inner city difficulties were started in the '60s and '70s and ... they have failed ... [N]ow we are paying the price." [74] Several prominent writers expressed a similar " culture of poverty " argument. Writers in Newsweek, for example, drew a distinction between the actions of the rioters in 1992 with those of the urban upheavals in the 1960s, arguing that "[w]here the looting at Watts had been desperate, angry, mean, the mood this time was closer to a manic fiesta, a TV game show with every looter a winner." [54] Meanwhile, in an article published in Commentary entitled "How the Rioters Won", conservative columnist Midge Decter referred to African-American city youths and asked "[h]ow is it possible to go on declaring that what will save the young men of South-Central L.A., and the young girls they impregnate, and the illegitimate babies they sire, is jobs? How is it possible to look at these boys of the underclass ... and imagine that they either want or could hold on to jobs?" [75]   Media coverage Almost as soon as the disturbances broke out in South Central, local television news cameras were on the scene to record the events as they happened. [76] Television coverage of the riots was near-continuous, starting with the beating of motorists at the intersection of Florence and Normandie broadcast live by television news pilot/reporter Bob Tur , and his camera operator, Marika Gerrard.[ citation needed ] By virtue of their extensive coverage, mainstream television stations provided a vivid, comprehensive and valuable record of the violence occurring on the streets of Los Angeles. [77] In part because of extensive media coverage of the Los Angeles riots, smaller but similar riots and other anti-police actions took place in other cities throughout the United States. [1] [78] The Emergency Broadcast System was also utilized during the rioting.   Aftermath This section requires expansion . In the aftermath of the riots, pressure mounted for a retrial of the officers, and federal charges of civil rights violations were brought against them. As the first anniversary of the acquittal neared, the city tensely awaited the decision of the federal jury; seven days of deliberations raised fears of further violence in the event of another "not guilty" verdict.[ citation needed ] The decision was read in an atypical 7:00 am Saturday court session on April 17, 1993. Two officers - Officer Laurence Powell and Sergeant Stacey Koon - were found guilty, while officers Theodore Briseno and Timothy Wind were acquitted. Mindful of accusations of sensationalist reporting in the wake of the first trial and the resulting chaos, media outlets opted for more sober coverage, which included calmer on-the-street interviews. [79] Police were fully mobilized with officers on 12-hour shifts, convoy patrols, scout helicopters, street barricades, tactical command centers, and support from the National Guard and Marines. [80] [81] All four of the officers involved have since quit or have been fired from the LAPD. Officer Theodore Briseno left the LAPD after being acquitted on federal charges. Officer Timothy Wind, who was also acquitted a second time, was fired after the appointment of Willie L. Williams as Chief of Police. Chief Williams' tenure was also short-lived. The Los Angeles Police Commission declined to renew his contract, citing Williams' failure to fulfill his mandate to create meaningful change in the department in the wake of the Rodney King disaster. [82] Susan Clemmer, an officer who gave crucial testimony for the defense at the initial trial, committed suicide in July 2009 in the lobby of a Los Angeles Sheriff's Station. She rode in the ambulance with King and testified that he was laughing and spat blood on her uniform. She had remained in law enforcement and was a Sheriff's Detective at the time of her death. [83] Rodney King was awarded $3.8 million in damages from the City of Los Angeles for the attack. He invested most of this money in founding a record label, "Straight Alta-Pazz Records". The venture was unable to garner any success and soon folded. Since the arrest which culminated in his severe beating by the four police officers, King was arrested at least a further eleven times on a variety of charges, including domestic abuse and hit-and-run. [84] [85] King and his family moved from Los Angeles to Rialto, California , a suburb in San Bernardino County in an attempt to escape the fame and notoriety and to begin a new life. King and his family later returned to Los Angeles, where they ran a family-owned construction company. King, until his death on June 17, 2012, rarely discussed the incident or its aftermath, preferring to remain out of the spotlight. Renee Campbell, his most recent attorney, described King as "...simply a very nice man caught in a very unfortunate situation."[ citation needed ] Many Los Angeles residents were motivated to buy weapons for self-defense against further violence, though the 10-day waiting period in California law stymied those who wanted to purchase firearms while the riot was going on. [86] Nearly a third of the rioters arrested were released because police officers were unable to identify individuals in the sheer volume of the crowd. In one case, officers arrested around 40 people stealing from one store- while they were identifying them, a group of another 12 looters were brought in. With the groups mingled, charges could not be brought against individuals for stealing from specific stores, and the police were forced to release them all. [87]   In popular culture ^ Seth Mydans (June 3, 1992). "Police Can't Identify Them, So Looting Suspects Go Free" . The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/03/us/police-can-t-identify-them-so-looting-suspects-go-free.html .    Further reading Afary, Kamran, Performance and Activism: Grassroots Discourse After the Los Angeles Rebellion of 1992, Lexington Books, 2009. Assembly Special Committee To Rebuild is Not Enough: Final Report and Recommendations of the Assembly Special Committee on the Los Angeles Crisis, Sacramento: Assembly Publications Office, 1992. Baldassare, Mark (ed.), The Los Angeles Riots: Lessons for the Urban Future, Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press, 1994. Cannon, Lou, Official Negligence: How Rodney King and the Riots Changed Los Angeles and the LAPD, Basic Books, 1999. Gibbs, Jewelle Taylor, Race and justice: Rodney King and O.J. Simpson in a house divided, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, c1996. Gooding-Williams, Robert (ed.), Reading Rodney King, Reading Urban Uprising, New York and London: Routledge, 1993. Hazen, Don (ed.), Inside the L.A. Riots: What really happened — and why it will happen again, Institute for Alternative Journalism, 1992. Jacobs, Ronald F., Race, Media, and the Crisis of Civil Society: From the Watts Riots to Rodney King, Cambridge University Press, 2000. Los Angeles Times, Understanding the Riots: Los Angeles Before and After the Rodney King Case, Los Angeles: Los Angeles Times, 1992. Song Hyoung, Min, Strange future: pessimism and the 1992 Los Angeles riots, Durham: Duke University Press, 2005. Wall, Brenda, The Rodney King rebellion: a psychopolitical analysis of racial despair and hope, Chicago: African American Images, c1992. Webster Commission, The City in Crisis' A Report by the Special Advisor to the Board of Police Commissioners on the Civil Disorder in Los Angeles, Los Angeles: Institute for Government and Public Affairs, UCLA, 1992.   External links

i don't know

The role that would eventually become synonymous with Peter Falk, Lt. Columbo, was originally offered to what legendary crooner, who turned it down?

Jeopardy! FAQ for Super Nintendo by Guard Master - GameFAQs GameFAQs Version: 1.2 | Updated: 12/06/08 | Search Guide | Bookmark Guide $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ =============================================================================== Created By: David Morris (aka Guard Master) Creation Date: June 4, 2006 Last Updated: December 6, 2008 Version Release: 1.2 E-mail: guardmaster (at) gmail (dot) com =============================================================================== _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ Table of Contents _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ 1. Introduction 2. Updates 3. Jeopardy! & Double Jeopardy! 4. Final Jeopardy! 5. Copyright _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 1. Introduction _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ Welcome to the extremely long list of answers and questions for the game Jeopardy! for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System! Whenever there's a mentioning of "a&q" it means "answers and questions," as that's how the game is played. There are a total of 761 categories for the Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! rounds, each containing 5 a&q's, making a total of 3,805 a&q's in this FAQ. There are 60 a&q's for the Final Jeopardy! round. There are a complete total of 3,865 a&q's! In the Double Jeopardy! round, the money acquired is doubled. For example, $100 would be $200, $200 would be $400, and so forth. When you originally play Jeopardy! on the television show, you're given an answer and are required to ask the correct question to get the money. However in this game, you're only required to enter the main word(s) to the question to get the money, as the beginning of the question is already given to you. Here's a list of phrases that are possible to appear depending on the type of question: - What is: - What was: - Who is: - What was: - What are: - Who are: - What were: - Who were: - What is a: - What is the: - What was a: - What was the: - What in heck: - What is an: - What was an: - Who is an: - Who is the: - What were the: - What are the: - Who are the: - Who were the: - Who was the: In order to find the answer you're looking for, you can either use the search function searching for the category or search part of the answer. All of the categories are listed alphabetically, so there's also an option to search for it manually. _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 2. Updates _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ Version 1.0 (June 4, 2006) -Initial release Version 1.1 (June 11, 2006) -Added more sections - Updates and Final Jeopardy! -Added more categories for Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! -Added all of the Final Jeopardy! questions -Updated the introduction section Version 1.2 (December 6, 2008) -Added 208 categories for the Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! rounds -Deleted two duplicate categories -Updated the introduction section -Fixed many typos -Reversed the order of questions and answers to answers and questions _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 3. Jeopardy! & Double Jeopardy! _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ ~~~~~~ 'K.K.' ~~~~~~ $100 A: In the film "Miracle on 34th Street," Santa Claus used this alias Q: Kris Kringle $200 A: Founder of the Mongol Dynasty who ruled from the Black Sea to the Yellow Sea Q: Kublai Khan $300 A: They kept law & disorder is Mack Sennett comedies Q: Keystone Kops $400 A: Critics said he never got any close-ups as Barbra Streisand's co-star in "A Star is Born" Q: Kris Kristofferson $500 A: 40's bandleader who lead the "Kollege of Musical Knowledge" Q: Kay Kyser ~~~~~~ "Andy" ~~~~~~ $100 A: The black & white bear of Walter Lantz cartoons Q: Andy Panda $200 A: "A family affair" was the 1st of 15 films in which Mickey Rooney played this character Q: Andy Hardy $300 A: Reg Smythe's pub-crawling comic strip husband of Flo Q: Andy Capp $400 A: Donny Osmond made his debut at the age of 4 on his show Q: Andy Williams $500 A: An 8-hour static film of the Empire State building was done by this pop artist Q: Andy Warhol ~~~~~~~~~~ "C" Cities ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Batman & Superman would fit right in on the street of this South African capital Q: Cape Town $200 A: Named for a city in China, this Ohio town is home to the pro football Hall of Fame Q: Canton $300 A: You can stay at the Choo-Choo Hilton in this Tennessee town Q: Chattanooga $400 A: Simon Bolivar was born & buried in this capital of Venezuela Q: Caracas $500 A: After its destruction in the 3rd Punic War, the Romans sowed salt on its site Q: Carthage ~~~~~~~~ "C" Here ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A hot dog, or the Brooklyn Amusement area where it might be eaten Q: Coney Island $200 A: These people appoint the majority of enrollees at west point Q: Congressmen $300 A: Also called a shell, it's the case containing the gunpowder & bullet Q: Cartridge $400 A: By the mid 19th century women reportedly could block a door when wearing one of these hoopskirts Q: Crinoline $500 A: A Scottish doctor was the 1st to use this to numb the pain of childbirth Q: Chloroform ~~~~~~~~~~ "Cat"egory ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dr. Seuss' feline who wore a chapeau Q: The Cat in the Hat $200 A: Finger game with a loop of string Q: Cat's Cradle $300 A: "Felonious felines, Batman, she's been played by Eartha Kitt & Julie Newmar!" Q: Catwoman $400 A: Ancient weapon kept a stone's throw from its target Q: Catapult $500 A: Elizabeth Taylor character who could have burnt her paws on a hot tin roof Q: Maggie the Cat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Double" Duty ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It makes for a long day at the ball park Q: Double-header $200 A: A flabby facial feature Q: Double Chin $300 A: "I don't know nothing," for example Q: Double Negative $400 A: Eye doctors call it "diplopia" Q: Double Vision $500 A: A marching pace of 180 steps per minute, or twice your usual wage Q: Double Time ~~~~~~~~ "Dry" Up ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: George Jefferson's occupation Q: Dry Cleaner $200 A: Eveready Mallory & Ray-O-Vac Q: Dry Cells $300 A: English Poet, author of "Absalom & Achitophel" Q: John Dryden $400 A: in the bible, Ezekiel saw a valley full of them rise Q: Dry Bones $500 A: Consisting of solid CO2, it contains no water Q: Dry Ice ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Ex" Marks the Spot ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What newsboys shout so you'll "read all about it" Q: Extra $200 A: It "takes a licking & keeps on ticking" Q: Timex $300 A: Arthur's supernatural sword Q: Excalibur $400 A: French for "chessboard," it's the British version of our treasury Q: Exchequer $500 A: These kinds of circumstances can get you off the hook Q: Extenuating ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "EX" Marks the Spot ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The ramp you'd use to get off the freeway, parkway, thruway or interstate Q: Exit $200 A: The twin cities on the border between Arkansas & Texas are both named this Q: Texarkana $300 A: This New Hampshire prep school was established way back in 1781 Q: Exeter $400 A: Paul Revere went through this town on his famous ride, then, after the British caught him, went back on foot Q: Lexington $500 A: Anglo-Saxon kingdom that by 927 A.D. had conquered Essex & Sussex to take over all of England Q: Wessex ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "F" in Bology ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The substance used to preserve frogs that are dissected in Biology class Q: Formaldehyde $200 A: The fennec is the smallest of these animals; the common red is the best known Q: Foxes $300 A: The union of 2 gametes to form a zygote Q: Fertilization $400 A: By definiiition, a substance capable of killing non-green plant such as mold or mildew Q: Fungicide $500 A: The 2 leg bones that fit this category Q: Femur & Fibula ~~~~~~~~ "G" Whiz ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It can follow Maurice, Robin or Barry Q: Gibb $200 A: Term for a present participle used as a noun such as "asking" & "answering" Q: Gerund $300 A: This 20th century German psychology states that the whole experience is greater than the sum of its parts Q: Gestalt $400 A: A rapid slide through a series of consecutive tones on a piano or trombone, for example Q: Glissando $500 A: The okapi belongs to this family Q: Giraffes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Girls" in Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Gigi," Maurice Chevalier thanked heaven for these Q: Little Girls $200 A: According to the 4 seasons, they "don't cry" Q: Big Girls $300 A: Cyndi Lauper's response to parental pressure to settle down Q: Girls Just Wanna Have Fun $400 A: To Billy Joel, she lives in "a white bread world" Q: Uptown Girl $500 A: She is "tall & tan & young & lovely" Q: Girl From Ipanema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Great" Movies ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This F. Scott Fitzgerald novel was filmed twice, in 1949 & 1974 Q: The Great Gatsby $200 A: Robert Redford actually did some wing walking at 3,000 ft for his part in this aviation film Q: The Great Waldo Pepper $300 A: James Earl Jones starred in the stage version before he played fighter Jack Jefferson in this film Q: The Great White Hope $400 A: Miss Piggy, Kermit, Oscar & the usual bunch hot on the trail of jewel thieves in London Q: The Great Muppet Caper $500 A: Robert Duvall gained an Oscar nomination for his portrayal of this military man & his family relationships Q: The Great Santini ~~~~~~~ "Green" ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Permission to proceed Q: Green Light $200 A: Where actors wait, or 1st time comedians on "The Tonight Show" try to keep their dinner down Q: Green Room $300 A: Central Parks' famous eating establishment Q: Tavern on the Green $400 A: To order these in a French restaurant, you'd ask for haricots verts, s'il vous plait Q: Green Beans $500 A: This 1970 book by Yale law professor Charles Reich deals with the ideals of the new generation Q: The Greening of America ~~~~~~~~~~~ "Hog" Wild ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nonsense, or where you might go to get your pig cleaned Q: Hogwash $200 A: Kotter class Klatch which included Epstein, Barbarino & Horshack Q: Sweathogs $300 A: The Larousse encyclopedia of animal life says everything about this African mammal is ugly Q: Warthog $400 A: Scottish New Year's Eve celebration of going house to house giving presents Q: Hogmanay $500 A: If you've run "hog wild" through this category, you've done it this way Q: Whole Hog ~~~~~~ "J.C." ~~~~~~ $100 A: This tennis great credits his mother & grandmother with teaching him the game Q: Jimmy Connors $200 A: Established in 1901, Joliet is the oldest public one of these schools still operating Q: Junior College $300 A: This NBC commentator was the 1st working journalist appointed director the voice of America Q: John Chancellor $400 A: This body of law is perhaps the greatest legacy of the Byzantine Empire Q: Justinian Code $500 A: This tough huy actor is the son of a kosher meat dealer from the Bronx Q: James Caan ~~~~~~~ "Lines" ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In song, Johnny Cash line that follows, "because you're mine" Q: I Walk the Line $200 A: Railroad in Monopoly that fits this category Q: Short Line $300 A: There's only 1 of these lines on a football field Q: 50-Yard Line $400 A: It's been called the boundary between "y'all" & "youse guys" Q: Mason-Dixon Line $500 A: 200-mile-long French line of defense which the Germans bypassed in 1940 by invading Belgium Q: Maginot Line ~~~~~~~~~~~ "P"s & "Q"s ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In area, it's New York City's largest borough Q: Queens $200 A: Technically, this is a trademark name for table tennis Q: Ping Pong $300 A: The tails of this airline's planes all sport kangaroos Q: Qantas $400 A: On a typewriter, elite type gives you 12 characters per inch, while this type gives you 10 Q: Pica $500 A: This author of "Boris Godunov" is widely viewed as the greatest Russian poet of all time Q: Aleksandr Pushkin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Port"s on the Map ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1770, it replaced Cap-Haitien as the capital of Sainte Domingue, which is now Haiti Q: Port-Au-Prince $200 A: European country whose lavish 16th century style of architecture was known as "Manueline" Q: Portugal $300 A: West coast city called America's "City of Roses" Q: Portland $400 A: The construction of the Suez Canal resulted in the founding of this city Q: Port Said $500 A: This capital of Trinidad & Tobago was founded by Spanish settlers in the 1500's Q: Port of Spain ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 11-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: An automobile that can go topless Q: Convertible $200 A: Combining "information" with a word used for TV ads gives us this word for an informative ad Q: Infomercial $300 A: Margaret Bourke-White was a prominent practitioner of this art Q: Photography $400 A: Put a piece of Hershey's with this on a graham cracker & you've got yourself a s'more Q: Marshmallow $500 A: A needed condition, such as finishing on the plus side to play Final Jeopardy! Q: Requirement ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 12-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You can get a knish at a Jewish one, or mozzarella at an Italian one Q: Delicatessen $200 A: From Latin for "repentance," San Quentin is an example Q: Penitentiary $300 A: Before 1934, the date for this was March 4; after 1934, January 20 Q: Inauguration $400 A: Yale University choral group whose name is the same as the name of their theme song Q: Whiffenpoofs $500 A: From Latin for "bend the knees," it's not the cry of a ski instructor but the act of showing reverence Q: Genuflection ~~~~ 1885 ~~~~ $100 A: This game was introduced to America in 1885, not 188"Fore" Q: Golf $200 A: Begun on July 4, 1858 this presidential monument was finally dedicated in 1885 Q: Washington Monument $300 A: This women's magazine celebrated its centennial in 1985, a seal of America's approval Q: Good Housekeeping $400 A: The 2nd volume of his "Das Kapital" was published Q: Karl Marx $500 A: A vine from Napoleon's grave was planted at this U.S. president's tomb Q: Ulysses S. Grant ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 18th Century America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Congress authorized the selection of this city's site on July 16, 1790 Q: Washington D.C. $200 A: Even with tax, this beverage when imported from England was cheaper than that smuggled from Holland Q: Tea $300 A: Ben Franklin began publishing this the year George Washington was born Q: Poor Richard's Almanack $400 A: In 1792, on his way to China, American Robert Gray named this northwest river for his ship Q: Columbia River $500 A: This neighbor, originally annexed as a county of Virginia, became a state itself in 1792 Q: Kentucky ~~~~ 1946 ~~~~ $100 A: College enrollment reached an all-time high as veterans returned with the help of this legislation Q: G. I. Bill $200 A: Comic strip writer who launched a new career with his book "I, the Jury" Q: Mickey Spillane $300 A: On April 18, this ineffective world body was finally disbanded Q: League of Nations $400 A: On the 1st day of 1946, he announced that he wasn't divine Q: Emperor Hirohito $500 A: His song, "There's No Business like Show Business" debuted in "Annie Get Your Gun" Q: Irving Berlin ~~~~ 1960 ~~~~ $100 A: The U.S. won gold in this olympic event with Oscar Robertson & Jerry West Q: Basketball $200 A: Lerner & Loewe musical that provided the theme for the Kennedy years Q: Camelot $300 A: He supplied the key to the Oscar-Winning "Apartment" Q: Jack Lemmon $400 A: Sedentary demonstration against lunch-room segregation Q: Sit-In $500 A: The commoner princess Margaret married Q: Anthony Armstrong-Jones ~~~~ 1960 ~~~~ $100 A: In July in L.A., he was named on the 1st ballot as the dem. presidential candidate Q: John F. Kennedy $200 A: On July 4, the flag with this number of stars was officially flown for the 1st time Q: 50 $300 A: Motorola introduced a completely transistorized version of this, weighing just 40 lbs. Q: Television $400 A: The first name of the son born to Queen Elizabeth II & the duke of Edinburgh on Feb. 2, 1960 Q: Andrew $500 A: In a TV speech on April 22nd, he charged that the U.S. was plotting to overthrow his government Q: Fidel Castro ~~~~ 1982 ~~~~ $100 A: Moon unit Zappa's big hit, fer sure Q: Valley Girl $200 A: Tons of butter and this other dairy product were given away to the needy because of federal surpluses Q: Cheese $300 A: She caused fashion controversy with black satin knickers worn at a summit meeting Q: Nancy Reagan $400 A: She played "a woman called Golda," then won the Emmy posthumously Q: Ingrid Bergman $500 A: This colorful Texas-based airline was the 1st to file for bankruptcy Q: Braniff ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 19th Century ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 3 1/2 years after he was buried in New Orleans, Jefferson Davis was reburied in this state capital Q: Richmond $200 A: In 1882, Charles J. Guiteau was hanged for assassinating this man Q: President James Garfield $300 A: He wrote his 1st operetta, "Prince Aanaias," in 1894, 16 years before "Naughty Marietta" Q: Victor Herbert $400 A: This ornate art style, featuring flowing, curving lines, flourished in the late 1800's Q: Art Nouveau $500 A: While trying to solve the slavery problem in 1850, he said, "I would rather be right than president" Q: Henry Clay ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 20th Century America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cowboy humorist who said his ancestors "didn't come over on the Mayflower, they met the boat" Q: Will Rogers $200 A: Flying a jet fighter in 1953, Jacqueline Cochran became the 1st woman to fly faster than the speed of this Q: Sound $300 A: An acre of English land where the Magna Carta was signed was given to the U.S. in 1965, in memory of him Q: John Fitzgerald Kennedy $400 A: Charles Evans Hughes resigned from this body in 1916 to run for president, but was reappointed in 1930 Q: Supreme Court $500 A: A book by Paul Samuelson is the standard text for this college class in many countries Q: Economics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 20th Century Personalities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Peace prize for nonviolent efforts to win Polish rights Q: Lech Walensa $200 A: This producer's search for Scarlett O'Hara ended with the discovery of Vivien Leigh Q: David O. Selznick $300 A: In 1952, Einstein was offered & turned down the presidency of this country Q: Israel $400 A: The name of this 3rd sec'y-general of the U.N. translates roughly to "Mr. Clean" Q: U Thant $500 A: He served as secretary of the army under Kennedy & later as secretary of state for Carter Q: Cyrus Vance ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 20th Century Personalities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1907, he escaped from chains after being underwater in San Francisco Bay for 2 minutes Q: Harry Houndini $200 A: He was wounded in the assassination of John F. Kennedy Q: John Connally $300 A: Watergate judge John Sirica was once a friend of this controversial Wisconsin senator Q: Joseph Mccarthy $400 A: In 1949, he resigned as secretary of state but returned to the cabinet the next year as secretary of defense Q: George C. Marshall $500 A: In 1962, he resigned as head of general motors to successfully run for governor of Michigan Q: George Romney ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A fedora, homburg or derby Q: Hat $200 A: Quixote or drysdale Q: Don $300 A: According to the title of a 1982 film, Richard Pryor was a live one Q: Toy $400 A: An immature flower, or letterman's Larry Melman Q: Bud $500 A: Some people have a quick one, which beats a half one Q: Wit ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3-Syllable Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Alaskan city that lost a bid for the 1994 winter olympics Q: Anchorage $200 A: The 2 colors in a rainbow that have 3 syllables are indigo & this one Q: Violet $300 A: "Wool Wax" is another name for this sheep grease Q: Lanolin $400 A: To pound, crush or grind into a powder Q: Pulverize $500 A: The first 3-syllable word in "The Star-Spangled Banner" Q: Perilous ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In literature, it described both a "Duckling" & an "American" Q: Ugly $200 A: It frequently accompanies processions when paired with "circumstance" Q: Pomp $300 A: One can be dirty, elephant, or knock-knock Q: Joke $400 A: The measure of a hano, a life, or an airplane's wings Q: Span $500 A: White-rosed royal house that held the English throne from 1461-1485 Q: York ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It can precede "storm," "Mary," or "to the chief" Q: Hail $200 A: The triangle used to set up the balls in a pool game Q: Rack $300 A: Melt Q: Thaw $400 A: To the British, when followed by "up," it's a verb meaning "to make a phone call" Q: Ring $500 A: From Latin for "shortened," it's being short with someone Q: Curt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Used by a carpenter, a master sergeant, & a dentist Q: Drill $200 A: A lady's handbag, or something done to lips before a kiss Q: Purse $300 A: A police wagon, a rice field, or author Chayefsky Q: Paddy $400 A: Hamlet said, "frailty, thy name is" this Q: Woman $500 A: In Czech, it's herec; in German, schauspieler; and in Hollywood, usually unemployed Q: Actor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To car buffs, a "mag" was originally a lightweight wheel made of this metal Q: Magnesium $200 A: The name for this popular sausage comes from the Italian word for "hot chilis" Q: Pepperoni $300 A: Term for capital letters, from printers' practice of keeping larger type in bins above smaller type Q: Upper Case $400 A: A movable bridge between ship & shore Q: Gangplank $500 A: Twin-hulled boat whose name comes from the tamil for "tied wood" Q: Catamaran ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5-Syllable Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's what the "E" stands for in EPA Q: Environmental $200 A: Type of illness whose physical symptoms are real, but whose source is mental Q: Psychosomatic $300 A: From the Greek word for "skin," it's a doctor who specializes in skin problems Q: Dermatologist $400 A: For a secretary they might be: able to type 70 WPM, take shorthand & use a word processor Q: Qualifications $500 A: A large group of islands Q: Archipelago ~~~~~~~ 50's TV ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ricky Nelson's Brother Q: David $200 A: Fictional homeland of Ricky Ricardo, it was Desi Arnaz's original one Q: Cuba $300 A: He teamed up with David Brinkley in 1956 Q: Chet Huntley $400 A: He played Grandpa Amos on "The Real Mccoys" Q: Walter Brennan $500 A: In 1956-57, he was the last black to host a network variety show until Sammy Davis did in 1966 Q: Nat King Cole ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In baseball, one can be switch or designated Q: Hitter $200 A: A 6-letter word for a 6-person group Q: Sextet $300 A: Type of shell in Mary, Mary's Garden Q: Cockle $400 A: Styles of this Jamaican music include "ska," "rock steady," & "poppa-top" Q: Reggae $500 A: The only 6-letter month Q: August ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Around the house, it could refer to a caster, a curler or the cylinder on which a shade is wound Q: Roller $200 A: Assets easily convertible to cash are described as this Q: Liquid $300 A: From the Latin for "body," it's a dead one Q: Corpse $400 A: A painful experience that tests character, trial by it is tough Q: Ordeal $500 A: Polonius said of Hamlet, "though this be madness, yet there is" this "in't" Q: Method ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sleek black cat, or sleek British car no matter what the color Q: Jaguar $200 A: Most cats will do this "upon" most mice Q: Pounce $300 A: A large Indian crocodile or a large central park thug Q: Mugger $400 A: Gone by it again or a fancy name for a meal Q: Repast $500 A: Texans call this city "The Big D" Q: Dallas ~~~~~~~~~~ 60's Songs ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "king of" this rode the 3rd boxcar midnight train, destination bengor Maine Q: The Road $200 A: Of "Doo Wah Diddy," "Oogie Boogie" & "Um Um Um Um" the one not a hit in 1964 Q: Oogie Boogie $300 A: While Paul Anka was a "Lonely Boy" in the 50's, this singer was "Mr. Lonely" of the 60's Q: Bobby Vinton $400 A: Group that got around in the 60's being "Up on the Roof," "Under the Boardwalk" & "On Broadway" Q: Drifters $500 A: John Sebastian said explaining this "is like tryin' to tell a stranger about Rock 'N' Roll" Q: Magic ~~~~~~~~~~~ 60's Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By 1966, the air force had logged 10,147 sightings of these, but didn't believe any Q: Ufos $200 A: In October of 1965 he showed his operation scars to reporters Q: Lyndon Johnson $300 A: In 1963, Jean Nidetch lost 72 pounds and started this company Q: Weight Watchers $400 A: In 1967, this representative was kicked out of the house for reprehensible behavior Q: Adam Clayton Powell $500 A: In 1961, this oil billionaire installed a pay phone in his mansion for guests to use Q: J. Paul Getty ~~~~~~~~~~~ 60's Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In '68, Richard Nixon was one of many who spoke this "laugh-in" line Q: Sock It To Me $200 A: As his "army" cheered, he was named associated press' "Athlete of the Decade" Q: Arnold Palmer $300 A: This futuristic cartoon show was appropriately the 1st series broadcast on ABC in color Q: Jetsons $400 A: Practice given a national plan by the Uniform Time Act of 1966 Q: Daylight Savings Time $500 A: Carol Doda was the first to dance in one of this designer's topless swimsuits Q: Rudi Gernreich ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Karen Valentine, Sandra Dee, Sally Field & Caryn Richman have all played this "girl midget" Q: Gidget $200 A: Cary Grant played the mock turtle in this 1933 fantasy film classic Q: Alice in Wonderland $300 A: He was Lindbergh going to Paris & Mr. Smith going to Washington Q: James Stewart $400 A: Character played by both Diana Ross & Judy Garland in separate movie musicals Q: Dorothy $500 A: He played Waldo's uncle Quincy in cartoons & James Dean's dad in rebel without a cause Q: Jim Backus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1955, Walter Matthau played Nathan Detroit in a revival of this broadway musical Q: Guys & Dolls $200 A: In 1978, he made his directorial debut, directing himself as star of "paradise alley" Q: Sylvester Stallone $300 A: While a student at William & Mary, this "fatal attraction" star played Fiona in "Brigadoon" Q: Glenn Close $400 A: He was offered the role of boy in "Tarzan" movies before he played Wally Cleaver Q: Tony Dow $500 A: This pugilistic pulitzer prize winner played architect stanford white in "ragtime" Q: Norman Mailer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Video in which Michael Jackson played a zombie & a werewolf Q: Thriller $200 A: In 1990 the hunt was on for this Soviet ship skippered by Sean Connery Q: Red October $300 A: Actor who stopped the show in "Show Boat" with "Ole Man River" Q: Paul Robeson $400 A: The blonde preferred in the film "Gentlemen prefer blondes" Q: Marilyn Monroe $500 A: Sam Shepard played this barrier breaker in "The Right Stuff" Q: Chuck Yeager ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This star of "Matt Houston" has found "paradise" Q: Lee Horsley $200 A: In this 1976 flick, Laurence Olivier "drilled" Dustin Hoffman for information Q: The Marathon Man $300 A: This inanimate object has a "starring" role in "The Gods Must be Crazy" Q: Coke Bottle $400 A: In 1985, he got "lost in America" with Julie Haggerty Q: Albert Brooks $500 A: David Bowie seemed at home portraying an alien in this 1976 film Q: The Man Who Fell to Earth ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You bet your life he played ko-ko in a 1960 version of "The Mikado" Q: Groucho Marx $200 A: He and Meryl Streep won Oscars playing the title roles in "Kramer vs. Kramer" Q: Dustin Hoffman $300 A: This rock star played Pontius Pilate in "The Last Temptation of Christ" Q: David Bowie $400 A: Offscreen, this Canadian is the son of a mountie; on film, he was the deadpan doctor in "Airplane!" Q: Leslie Nielsen $500 A: This Austrian went to Vienna to play Hamlet after he got "out of Africa" Q: Klaus Maria Brandauer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter Behn was only 4 years old when he began recording the voice of this rabbit in "Bambi" Q: Thumper $200 A: Perhaps her 5 marriages helped prepare this actress for her role as a "Golden Girl" Q: Rue McClanahan $300 A: As both Davy & Daniel, he stuck his nose in troubles between the settlers & Indians Q: Fess Parker $400 A: He played Jane Fonda's fiance in "On Golden Pond" 1 year after bossing her around in "9 to 5" Q: Dabney Coleman $500 A: 8 years after "Tenspeed & Brown Shoe" he retured as Tenspeed Turner on "J.J. Starbuck" Q: Ben Vereen ~~~~~~~~ Admirals ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was proclaimed "admiral of the ocean sea" by Ferdinand & Isabella Q: Christopher Columbus $200 A: "Father of the American Navy;" turned down for admiral, he became one in the Russian Navy Q: John Paul Jones $300 A: Appropriately named admiral who was the 1st to fly over both poles Q: Richard Byrd $400 A: He defeated a Spanish fleet of 10 ships at Manila without a single American life lost Q: George Dewey $500 A: This father of the nuclear sub managed to serve 18 years beyond compulsory retirement age Q: Hyman Rickover ~~~~~~ Africa ~~~~~~ $100 A: It was King Leopold II's personal domain in Africa until the Belgian government took it over in 1908 Q: Congo Free State $200 A: The only river that completely crosses the Sahara Desert Q: Nile $300 A: Francis Scott Key was a member of the society that founded this African country Q: Liberia $400 A: This country & its "equatorial" namesake are located some 1,500 miles apart Q: Guinea $500 A: Every winter, a famous road rally race is run from paris to this capital of Senegal Q: Dakar ~~~~~~ Africa ~~~~~~ $100 A: African country where you'd go to dance the Watusi with real Watusis Q: Burundi $200 A: The Lingua Franca of East Africa, it's written in Arabic script Q: Swahili $300 A: Mobutu Sese Seko, formerly J.D. Mobutu, runs this country, formerly the Belgian congo Q: Zaire $400 A: The most populous South African province, it's located north of the Vaal River Q: Transvaal $500 A: This small Mali town, synonymous with "faraway places," was a great medieval trade center Q: Timbuktu ~~~~~~~~ Ailments ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Severe one-sided headache usually alleviated in women during pregnancy Q: Migraine $200 A: These connecting cushions between vertebrae can sometimes "slip" Q: Disks $300 A: It's thought that after humans gave up eating grass this organ atrophied & became a troublemaker Q: Appendix $400 A: Disease carried by wood ticks & named for the mountain range where it was 1st "spotted" Q: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever $500 A: Illness characterized by swelling parotid glands & protruding earlobes Q: Mumps ~~~~~~~~~~~~ All "Thumb"s ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Danny Kaye Sang "a tiny little thing" to this "digital" dolly Q: Thumbelina $200 A: Plants are said to respond well to this Q: Green Thumb $300 A: To hold influence over someone is to keep them here Q: Under Your Thumb $400 A: This form of identification if a "blot" on your record Q: Thumbprint $500 A: Insulting oral gesture featured in the 1st scene of "Romeo & Juliet" Q: Biting Your Thumb ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All That Jazz ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Instrument "Satchmo" played Q: Trumpet $200 A: As Duke Ellington wrote, "It don't mean a thing if it ain't got" this Q: That Swing $300 A: Scott Joplin's brand of music, it brought Jazz out of the "fancy houses" Q: Ragtime $400 A: In 1924, Paul Whiteman introduced this 1st gershwin concert Jazz piece Q: Rhapsody in Blue $500 A: Mel & Ella excel at this, singing meaningless syllables instead of words Q: Scat Singing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Alphabet Soup ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This candy, introduced in the U.S. in 1940, was available in London for the 1st time in 1988 Q: M & Ms $200 A: William Paley Established this company in 1928 Q: CBS $300 A: Despite what the 3 letter stand for, this Ford model has been around for over 20 years Q: LTD $400 A: The 1st person singular pronoun in the nominative case Q: I $500 A: 3-letter abbreviation of the Latin phrase meaning "which was to be demonstrated" Q: QED ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Alphabet Soup ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Churchill's symbol for "Victory," or the Roman symbol for 5 Q: V $200 A: Letter which "Stops" your camera lens & your progress in school Q: F $300 A: The unit of computer capacity equal to 1024 bytes is represented by this letter Q: K $400 A: What a small C enclosed in a circle means Q: Copyright $500 A: Followed by "Th," this letter expresses the ultimate degree Q: N ~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Art ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His April 1 Saturday evening post covers deliberately contained mistakes Q: Norman Rockwell $200 A: He created ads for women's shoes, but only copied the label of a Campbell's soup can Q: Andy Warhol $300 A: Though published in "Elephant Folios" his subjects were the birds of America Q: John James Audubon $400 A: His two worlds are rural Pennsylvania & "Chistina's World" Q: Andrew Wyeth $500 A: He painted 3 portraits of Washington, 1 left unfinished, 1 used on the $1 bill Q: Gilbert Stuart ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York dentist whose "Riders of the Purple Sage" made him a popular western novelist Q: Zane Grey $200 A: Punning author of ligh verse who wrote "cats have kittens... bats have bittens" Q: Ogden Nash $300 A: Tom Wolfe wrote "the electric kool-aid acid test" about the lifestyle of this "cuckoo's nest" author Q: Ken Kesey $400 A: In "Scoundrel Time," she chronicled the battle with McCarthyism of her lover, Dashiell Hammett Q: Lillian Hellman $500 A: The film, "A Place in the Sun" was based on his novel "An American Tragedy" Q: Theodore Dreiser ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Primary author of the declaration of independence Q: Thomas Jefferson $200 A: Fortune hunters in the postwar south named for the luggage they carried Q: Carpetbaggers $300 A: The U.S. was involved in a bitter struggle between factions in this Asian country from 1950 to 1953 Q: Korea $400 A: Vice president charged with both treason & murder Q: Aaron Burr $500 A: The "Angel of the Battlefield" who established the American Red Cross Q: Clara Barton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st soldier buried in this national cemetery was a confederate prisoner who died in 1864 Q: Arlington $200 A: Secretary of Defense through much of the 60's, the Vietnam War was sometimes called his war Q: Robert McNamara $300 A: Western state which entered the union as a result of the compromise of 1850 Q: California $400 A: Though he directed the team that made the 1st atomic bomb, he opposed making the hydrogen bomb Q: J. Robert Oppenheimer $500 A: Last name of the 1st American in space Q: Shepard ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Also known as "Lemonade Lucy," Mrs. Rutherford Hayes was the 1st president's wife to be called this Q: First Lady $200 A: Prisoners from S.F. city jails were sent to an army guardhouse on this island after the 1906 earthquake Q: Alcatraz $300 A: The 1st U.S. use of military aircraft was against this Mexican revolutionary in 1916 Q: Pancho Villa $400 A: John Foster Dulles was secretary of state & his brother Allen Cia director during his administration Q: Dwight Eisenhower $500 A: During the Civil War, Lincoln suspended this, which prevents a person from being detained illegally Q: Habeas Corpus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ironically, this symbol of American independence was cast in London in 1752 Q: Liberty Bell $200 A: Andrew Jackson pushed a bill through congress to push all Indians west of this natural border Q: Mississippi $300 A: In 1861, it carried Lincoln's inaugural address from Missouri to Nevada in its best time ever Q: Pony Express $400 A: President who served as architect for much of the University of Virginia Q: Thomas Jefferson $500 A: The first of these arts awards were presented in 1929 Q: Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Louisiana Purchase stemmed from U.S. efforts to buy this port city Q: New Orleans $200 A: Elected governor of New York at only 37, he later became the secretary of state who bought Alaska Q: William Seward $300 A: He was the judge on the original Watergate case Q: John Sirica $400 A: This Pennsylvania city was the center of U.S. steelmaking at the time of its famous 1889 flood Q: Johnstown $500 A: Shouting "remember the Alamo," Sam Houston's men defeated Santa Anna at this battle Q: The Battle of San Jacinto ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to its 1662 charter, Connecticut was to extend westward from Narragansett Bay to this ocean Q: Pacific $200 A: The 7th fleet was sent to protect Americans in this country when Diem was overthrown in November 1963 Q: Vietnam $300 A: It began on the Niagara grid at 5:17 P.M. on November 9, 1965 & spread out from Canada to Pennsylvania Q: Great Northeast Blackout $400 A: In 1775 he led a group of men cutting the wilderness trail through the Cumberland gap Q: Daniel Boone $500 A: A slave named Tituba is often blamed from starting the hysteria in this village in 1692 Q: Salem Massachusetts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Indians ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Tribe for whom Wyoming's capital is named Q: Cheyenne $200 A: Jicarilla, San Carlos & Mescalero are tribes of this Indian nation Q: Apache $300 A: In 1877, this Nez Perce chief said, "I will fight no more forever" Q: Chief Joseph $400 A: Last major Indian war battle took place at this South Dakota site Q: Wounded Knee $500 A: Before whites introduced horses, this animal was the plains Indians' main beast of burden Q: Dog ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In some versions of this song, the title characters are "Frankie & Albert" Q: Frankie & Johnnie $200 A: In "Columbia, the gem of the ocean," these 3 colors are mentioned at least 12 times Q: Red, White & Blue $300 A: In 1945, this composer won a Pulitzer prize for "Appalachian Spring" Q: Aaron Copland $400 A: According to title of an 1852 song, "Massa's in" this Q: Cold Cold Ground $500 A: In "Yankee Doodle," the men & boys are "as thick as" this Q: Hasty Pudding ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Revolution ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: James Otis said, "taxation without" this "is tyranny" Q: Representation $200 A: His name was Marie Joseph Paul Yves Rock Gilbert Du Moteir, but his title was Marquis of this Q: Lafayette $300 A: This pamphleteer wrote, "Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil" Q: Thomas Paine $400 A: The "Intolerable Acts" of 1774 were intended to punish this rebellious colony Q: Massachusetts $500 A: At Lexington, J. Parker said, "Don't fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war," then this Q: Let It Begin Here ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Revolution ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Wanting the job of commander, he came to the continental congress in full dress uniform Q: George Washington $200 A: Disgruntled officer who turned traitor Q: Benedict Arnold $300 A: This battle might properly be called the Battle of Breed's Hill Q: Bunker Hill $400 A: Colorful name of Ethan Allen's Vermont Militia Q: Green Mountain Boys $500 A: Killed in the Boston Massacre, this former slave is considered the 1st revolutionary Martyr Q: Crispus Attucks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Revolution ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New Jerseyites disguised as Indians burned this, unlike the Bostonians who dumped it in the harbor Q: Tea $200 A: By the time this country fought in our revolution, it was already at war with Britain Q: France $300 A: He was the losing general in the battles of Long Island & White Plains Q: George Washington $400 A: The 1st American Act of Aggression was the capture of this fort by 100 of Ethan Allen's "boys" Q: Fort Ticonderoga $500 A: The military post which Benedict Arnold planned to betray to the British Q: West Point ~~~~~~~~~ Americana ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Giant whose best buddies were Johnny Inkslinger & a great big bovine Q: Paul Bunyan $200 A: He wast the first to call the Native Americans "Indians" Q: Christopher Columbus $300 A: You can wade across this mighty river where it's not so mighty at its source, Lake Itasca Q: Mississippi $400 A: The only person mentioned by name in "Hail, Columbia" is this president Q: George Washington $500 A: In 1856 Young Marshall Field went to this city, where he became a clerk in a dry goods store Q: Chicago ~~~~~~~~ Anagrams ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You might find a flea on this part of your garden's foliage Q: Leaf $200 A: Even when you throw dead flowers away you save this Q: Vase $300 A: What Isolde is when she gets dirty Q: Soiled $400 A: It takes a lot of talent to do it well on ice Q: Skate $500 A: Deeply engrossed in part of a book Q: Rapt ~~~~~~~~ Anagrams ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What you would send to Lima Via Correo Aereo Q: Mail $200 A: Cooking's a snap when you have these Q: Pans $300 A: Type of sound a sheep might make while being sheared on the table Q: Bleat $400 A: This fancy layer cake might be the favorite dessert for an otter Q: Torte $500 A: In this winter olympic event, the rider must stick like glue to the sled Q: Luge ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: You have 2 of these joint where an iliac bone unites with the sacrum Q: Sacroiliac $200 A: The main function of these teeth is biting Q: Incisors $300 A: Even with your eyes shut you can tell which was is up from your sense of balance in this organ Q: Ear $400 A: Unlike your fingers, the thumb has only this number of phalanges Q: 2 $500 A: Along with the tarsal glands, these other glands provide lubrication for the eyes Q: Lacrimal Glands ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: A biped has two of these since that's what biped means Q: Feet $200 A: Cephalic means relating to this part of the body Q: Head $300 A: Blood component also known as leukocytes Q: White Cells $400 A: Skin color is mainly determined by the amount of this dark brown pigment Q: Melanin $500 A: By age 5, this 3 lb. organ has reached 90% of its adult weight Q: Brain ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The quadriceps, the strongest muscles in the body, are located there Q: Thigh $200 A: A vestigial organ in humans, it's helpful at the back of reference books Q: Appendix $300 A: Because of has explosions in fluid filling them, they crack Q: Knuckles $400 A: Scientific name for your voice box Q: Larynx $500 A: Joint connectors which are looser in double jointed person than in others Q: Ligaments ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The adult size of this j-shaped organ can hold about a quart of chop suey Q: Stomach $200 A: The eye's clear outer layer where a soft lens wearer makes "contact" Q: Cornea $300 A: Connected to the nasal area, these 4 sets of empty cavities make us all "airheads" Q: Sinuses $400 A: The body's largest internal organ Q: Liver $500 A: Though lacking tails, we don't lack this, anatomically caled a coccyx Q: Tail Bone ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Teeth too "smart" to make their appearance until age 18-20 Q: Wisdom Teeth $200 A: A boxer's punch to these bean-shaped twin organs can be deadly Q: Kidneys $300 A: Metatarsal bones are found in this Q: Foot $400 A: Organ that filters & stores blood; malicious people "vent" theirs Q: Spleen $500 A: This muscle's name translates to "largest buttock" in English Q: Gluteus Maximus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ancient Egypt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The term for the king came into use during the new kingdom; before that, it referred to the palace Q: Pharaoh $200 A: Speaking of her love for Caesar, Cleopatra described those "days" as when she was "green in judgement" Q: Salad Days $300 A: Of the British Museum, the Egyptian Museum, or his tomb, where King Tut's body now rests Q: His Tomb $400 A: Found in 1799, this black basalt slab was the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics Q: Rosetta Stone $500 A: Akhenaten's wife; her name meant "the beautiful one comes," something said at her birth Q: Nefertiti ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ancient History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though an Ethnic Macedonian, she was the most famous Queen of Egypt Q: Cleopatra $200 A: Reportedly blind, he opened our eyes to the "Iliad" & Odyssey" Q: Homer $300 A: Our word for paper derives from this Egyptian plant Q: Papyrus $400 A: He crossed the Rubicon, a giant step toward coming to power Q: Julius Caesar $500 A: Student of Socrates & teacher of Aristotle Q: Plato ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Whether St. Patrick was responsible or not, none are naturally found in Ireland Q: Snakes $200 A: Ben Franklin didn't care for it, calling it a bird of "bad moral character" Q: Eagle $300 A: Fastest land animals they've been clocked at 70 M.P.H. Q: Cheetahs $400 A: Endangered ape found only in Borneo and Sumatra, its name means "Man of the Woods" Q: Orangutan $500 A: The hierarchy of chickens Q: Pecking order ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The ratel is a badger that loves this sweet substance; its coat protects it from stings Q: Honey $200 A: A type of finch in the Galapagos Islands if named after this naturalist, who studied there Q: Charles Darwin $300 A: Skin secretions of the South America treefrog are used by Indians as a poison on these Q: Arrows $400 A: While other iguanas are other colors, the common iguana is this color Q: Green $500 A: A spider's eggs are laid & stored in one of these Q: Cocoon ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: To replace lost water, these "desert ships" may drink 20 gallons or more at one time Q: Camels $200 A: Named for a marsupial, this rodent drums on the Earth with its large legs to communicate Q: Kangaroo Rat $300 A: These members of the squirrel family live in excavated "towns," which may be populated by thousands of them Q: Prairie Dogs $400 A: Most species of these fabulously colored & plumed birds live in New Guinea, not in Shangri-La Q: Birds of Paradise $500 A: Well known as a pet, the golden variety of this mammal goes through pregnancy in only 16 days Q: Hamster ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This tiny pest, pulex irritans, can jump 130 times its own height Q: Flea $200 A: There are about 40,000 muscles & tendons in this part of an elephant's body Q: Trunk $300 A: When husbands "pop" for an ermine coat, they're actually buying this fur Q: Weasel $400 A: Close relative of the pig, though its name means "river horse" Q: Hippopotamus $500 A: If this hybrid's parents were reversed, you'd get a hinny Q: Mule ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Like a snake, a hummingbird has a forked one Q: Tongue $200 A: You don't have to be a "wit" to know that this is a young louse Q: Nit $300 A: The information please almanac calls it "a curious, long-haired ox found in Tibet" Q: Yak $400 A: It's what makes the fisher valuable Q: Its Fur $500 A: The encyclopedia of mammals likens these "social organs" of a walrus to antlers of a deer or horns of a sheep Q: Tusks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Animal Adjectives ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When something smells suspicious Q: Fishy $200 A: Something shabby, as though gnawed by rodents Q: Ratty $300 A: What you might feel after spilling wine all over your hostess' lamb chops Q: Sheepish $400 A: Stubborn Q: Mulish $500 A: Ursine synonym for surly Q: Bearish ~~~~ Ants ~~~~ $100 A: Though we call America's the original 13, ants lived in these long before that Q: Colonies $200 A: After this queen makes her 1 mating flight, she has no need for these & chews them off Q: Wings $300 A: The echdna, pangolin & aardvark, for example Q: Anteaters $400 A: Antenna serve ants as organs of all senses except this Q: Sight $500 A: These ants don't eat food, only chew out holes big enough to "Build their nests Q: Carpenter Ants ~~~~~~~~~~~ Archaeology ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This city's walls tumbled down long before Kathleen Kenyon proved it's 1 of the oldest cities known Q: Jericho $200 A: As Mexico City's subway system is expanded, ruins from this Indian culture keep turning up Q: Aztec $300 A: This method of dating can tell the age of an artifact that is up to 40,000 years old Q: Radio Carbon Dating $400 A: In the 1800's, the great library of Ashurbanipal was unearthed at Nineveh, last capital of this empire Q: Assyrian $500 A: Sir Leonard Wooley is best known for his discoveries at Ur, a city in ancient Sumer, now part of this country Q: Iraq ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: The "Anatomy lesson of Dr. Tulp" was this Dutch master's 1st large-scale portrait Q: Rembrandt $200 A: Marcel Duchamp put a moustache on this famous portrait Q: Mona Lisa $300 A: King Tut's tomb door, an oriental ballet, & cubism led to this art style of the 1920's Q: Art Deco $400 A: Somber Spanish artist famous for "The 2nd of May" & its sequel, "The 3rd of May" Q: Francisco Goya $500 A: To distinguish himself from his father, Bernardo, Giovanni Canal signed his work this way Q: Canaletto ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: Perfected in 16th century Europe, this art process uses a corrosive acid on metal plates Q: Etching $200 A: In "liberty leading the people," liberty carries the flag of this country Q: France $300 A: During the renaissance, Della Robbia's workshops specialized in this type of earthenware Q: Terra Cotta $400 A: While the deaf Beethoven was composing, this deaf Spanish artist was painting the Bulls of Bordeaux Q: Francisco Goya $500 A: His miniature circus is on permanent display at New York City's Whitney Museum Q: Alexander Calder ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: The king of this country gave Salvador Dali a noble title, the Marques De Dali De Publo Q: Spain $200 A: Museums in Paris & Philadelphia are named for this sculptor of "The Kiss" & "The Thinker" Q: Auguste Rodin $300 A: This French artist's short legs were the result of 2 accidents he suffered as a child Q: Henai De Toulouse-Lautrec $400 A: German-born artist who was court painter to Henry VIII Q: Hans Holbein the Younger $500 A: Artist George Segal is working on a series of these inspired by the paintings of his favorite Q: Sculptures ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: He painted "Old Women of Arles" as well as young women of Tahiti Q: Paul Gauguin $200 A: Tesserae are the small cubes or shaped pieces held in place by plaster, cement or putty in one of these Q: Mosaic $300 A: He painted bird illustrations in addition to writing poems about birds, like "The Owl & the Pusscat" Q: Edward Lear $400 A: Term collectors use for the total number of prints made from one plate during one printing Q: Edition $500 A: The art form surrealism began as a literary movement inspired by this French movement Q: Dadaism ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: A painting of inanimate objects, not people Q: Still Life $200 A: American painter famous for scenes of the sea, rural America, & the Civil War Q: Winslow Homer $300 A: The musical "Sunday in the park with George" was based on a painting by this French artist Q: Georges Seurat $400 A: The overly ornate style which succeeded mannerism & preceded rococo Q: Baroque $500 A: Belgian surrealist with a penchant for painting bowler hats Q: Rene Magritte ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: One of these creatures is speared by St. George in Raphael's famous work Q: Dragon $200 A: Gainsborough painted it to disprove the theory that masses of blue ruin a composition Q: Blue Boy $300 A: When his "the night watch," was cleaned, it proved to be a daytime scene Q: Rembrandt $400 A: He was a financier before leaving civilization & settling in the South Seas Q: Gauguin $500 A: Hans Holbein the younger illustrated this author's "Utopia" & painted his portrait Q: Sit Thomas More ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Diego Rivera led the great mural painting movement that flourished in this country after 1920 Q: Mexico $200 A: Gutzon Borglum died before completing this huge sculpture, so his son Lincoln finished it for him Q: Mount Rushmore $300 A: Grant Wood used his sister & dentist as the models for this 1930 painting Q: American Gothic $400 A: Utrillo was best known for painting street scenes of this city Q: Paris $500 A: One of America's most noted illustrators, he was Andrew Wyeth's father Q: N.C. Wyeth ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Eugene Delacroix wrote, "the first virtue of painting is to be a feast for" these Q: Eyes $200 A: Charles Dana Gibson's wife was the model for this gay 90's symbol of beauty Q: Gibson Girl $300 A: Edward Hicks, best known for "the peaceable kingdom," was a minister in this religion Q: Quaker $400 A: These 2 Van Gogh paintings with floral titles each sold for more than $39 million in 1987 Q: Sunflowers & Irises $500 A: Modigliani gave up this form of art in 1915, partly because materials were too expensive Q: Sculpture ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ $100 A: He said, "the more the marble wastes, the more the statue grows," & proved it with his David Q: Michelangelo $200 A: His pale face topped with silver hair was almost as familiar as his paintings of soup cans Q: Andy Warhol $300 A: Born Anna Mary Robertson she was discovered at age 77 & painted 40 pictures before reaching 100 Q: Grandma Moses $400 A: Braque said he & this other famed cubist were "roped together like mountaineers" Q: Pablo Picasso $500 A: After Spain's King Philip II denied him royal patronage, he worked for the rest of his life for the church Q: El Greco ~~~~~~~~~ Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To locate this navigational point in the night sky, extend a line from the star Merak on past Dubhe Q: North Star $200 A: This imaginary celestial belt includes the apparent annual paths of the sun & most planets Q: Zodiac $300 A: Both the Greeks & the Native Americans identified this constellation as the Great Bear Q: URSA Major $400 A: They are estimated to add more than 1,000 tons to the earth's weight each day Q: Meteorites $500 A: 4 of this outer planet's moons are named for Shakespearean characters Q: Uranus ~~~~~~~~~ Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Common name of the Aurora Borealis Q: Northern Lights $200 A: Since ancient Greece, their brightness has been measured in magnitude Q: Stars $300 A: His book "Siderius Nuncius," on telescope use, was a best-seller in 1610 Q: Galileo $400 A: The perseids of August & the taurids of November are showers of these Q: Meteors $500 A: During this, irregularities of the moon's edge cause what are called Bailey's beads Q: Solar Eclipse ~~~~~~~~~ Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Self-luminous gaseous body, or Hollywood celeb Q: Star $200 A: The evening or morning "star" is really this planet Q: Venus $300 A: Planet once though to have the only rings in the solar system Q: Saturn $400 A: Name of the 1st artificial satellite, it was launched October 4, 1957 Q: Sputnik $500 A: The only planet to have seasons similar to Earth's Q: Mars ~~~~~~~~~ Australia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Animals on its Coat of Arms are the emu & this Q: Kangaroo $200 A: The title of this song actually means "to tramp the roads with a backpack" Q: Waltzing Matilda $300 A: The black-skinned original Australians Q: Aborigines $400 A: This formation stretches along the north east coast of Australia Q: Great Barrier Reef $500 A: Outside the American west, this Native Australian tree is the world's tallest Q: Eucalyptus ~~~~~~~ Authors ~~~~~~~ $100 A: After marrying Eliza Stowe's widower, she had a daughter named Eliza & wrote a book about an Eliza Q: Harriet Beecher Stowe $200 A: Poet whose wife died after her dress caught fire while he worked on "Tales of a Wayside Inn" Q: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow $300 A: Besides some songs, he wrote only 1 major poem, "Tam O'Shanter," after age 27 Q: Robert Burns $400 A: Mark Twain's last home, Stormfield, named for one of his last characters, was in this state Q: Connecticut $500 A: His story, "Music for Chameleons," was about a real-life friend who played Mozart for lizards Q: Truman Capote ~~~~~~~ Authors ~~~~~~~ $100 A: While many people shorten their last names, in 1700 this author lengthened his from "Foe" to this Q: Daniel Defoe $200 A: Mark Twain said this man "scored 114 offenses against Literary Art" on just 1 page of "The Deerslayer" Q: James Fenimore Cooper $300 A: The 1988 Pulitzer prize for Biography went to "Look Homeward: A Life Of" this man Q: Thomas Wolfe $400 A: He grew prize dahlias & had an enormous aviary at this Hollywood home, "Ozcot" Q: L. Frank Baum $500 A: He was the most famous resident of Oxfore, Mississippi Q: William Faulkner ~~~~~~~~~~~ Automobiles ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Type of auto engine or a tomato cocktail Q: V-8 $200 A: "He'd build you a Model T in any color, as long as it was black" Q: Henry Ford $300 A: This toy company builds more cars than Ford, G.M. & Chrysler combined Q: Mattel $400 A: Powered by this, the Stanley special won in Daytona in 1907 at 197 MPH Q: Steam $500 A: In Japan, it's called "Rasshu Awa;" in L.A., 4 to 6 P.M. Q: Rush Hour ~~~~~~~~~~~ Automobiles ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though thought of as an early car, it was built by the Stanley twins' company until 1924 Q: Stanley Steamer $200 A: Yep, he & Clark Gable bought the only 2 SSJ Duesenbergs sold Q: Gary Cooper $300 A: In 1908, the Model K of this luxury car was the 1st to use standard parts Q: Cadillac $400 A: In 1932, it was the 1st company to sell a low-priced car with a V-8 engine Q: Ford $500 A: To conserve gas & rubber, this was the speed limit for much of WW II Q: 35 MPH ~~~~~~~~ Aviation ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Airline the koala says it hates Q: Qantas $200 A: 15th Century artist who drew prototypes & experimented with helicopter models Q: Leonardo Da Vinci $300 A: It was the 1st SST to operate commercially in the U.S. Q: Concorde $400 A: The 1st commercial jetliner, the Dehavilland comet, was built in this country in 1949 Q: Great Britain $500 A: Last name of Aviatrix Beryl, who was also an author Q: Markham ~~~~~~ Awards ~~~~~~ $100 A: Though his leading actors were a mouse and a duck, this producer won more Oscars than anyone Q: Walt Disney $200 A: The most decorated soldier of WWII, he later decorated the "B" movie screen Q: Audie Murphy $300 A: Gaylord Perry was the only pitcher to win this award in both major leagues Q: CY Young Award $400 A: Mystery writers named their award for this early author of the Eerie Q: Edgar Allan Poe $500 A: Germany's highest military honor or a ring maneuver in gymnastics Q: Iron Cross ~~~~~~ Ballet ~~~~~~ $100 A: "Swan Lake" was originally such a failure that this composer planned to rewrite it, but he died first Q: Peter Tchaikovsky $200 A: In the 1930's this company was known as the Sadler's Wells Ballet but now it's called this Q: Royal Ballet $300 A: The patriotic ballet "Stars & Stripes" is banded to his music Q: John Philip Sousa $400 A: In Stravinsky's ballet this title bird has strange powers & magic feathers Q: Firebird $500 A: She was already in her 40's when she became Rudolf Nureyev's most famous partner Q: Dame Margot Fonteyn ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Banned Books ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Calling him an anti-red rebel, E. Berlin schools banned this rodent's comic books in 1954 Q: Mickey Mouse $200 A: In 1932, 500 copies of this James Joyce novel were burned by the U.S. Post Office Q: Ulysses $300 A: He won the Nobel Prize for "Dr. Zhivago," but was force to refuse it Q: Boris Pasternak $400 A: Published in 1900, his "Sister Carrie" was still banned in Vermont in 1985 Q: Theodore Dreiser $500 A: Erskine Caldwell novel banned in St. paul in 1946 Q: Tobacco Road ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Before 1859, they sat in padded rocking chairs behind the catcher Q: Umpires $200 A: In spring training, Babe DidRikson once pitched to these Beantown batters Q: Boston Red Sox $300 A: No major leaguer has ever hit a fair ball out of this "House that Ruth built" Q: Yankee Stadium $400 A: Though he didn't throw the 1st pitch inventing baseball, he fired the first shot defending Ft. Sumter Q: Abner Doubleday $500 A: Pitcher whose brother was daffy but not crazy Q: Dizzy Dean ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: During the McCarthy era, this team changed its name to "Redlegs" Q: Cincinnati Reds $200 A: As of 1990, he held the record for the most lifetime hits Q: Pete Rose $300 A: Ball park institution which seems to have died out with the advent of women's lib Q: Ladies' Day $400 A: As of 1990, the state with 5 major league baseball teams Q: California $500 A: Famed pitcher Denton Young's name was a shortened version of this violent storm Q: Cyclone ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This Brooklyn team's longest losing streak was 16 games, in 1944 Q: Dodgers $200 A: The Boston Pilgrims beat the Pittsburgh pirates to win the 1st one in 1903 Q: World Series $300 A: 3 balls & 2 strikes are called this Q: Full Count $400 A: The Orioles' Rick Dempsey was this in '83 world series Q: MVP $500 A: To this N.L. team, Lou Brock was always out in left field Q: Cardinals ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: League that has won the All-Star game 20 of the last 22 times Q: National League $200 A: Courts once upheld local ordinances banning night games in this team's ballpark Q: Chicago Cubs $300 A: Of Buck Rodgers, Flash Gordon & James T. Kirk, the one who currently manages the Montreal Expos Q: Buck Rodgers $400 A: A young boy supposedly said "say it ain't so, Joe" to him after the Black Sox scandal Q: Shoeless Joe Jackson $500 A: In 1920, Cleveland shortstop Ray Chapman became the only major leaguer to whom this happened in a game Q: Being Killed ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Baseball Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After 22 years with this St. Louis team, Stan Musial played his last game on 9/29/63 Q: Cardinals $200 A: Versatile athlete who still holds women's world record for a baseball throw of 296 feet Q: Babe Didrikson $300 A: He said, "it isn't over til it's over" Q: Yogi Berra $400 A: Charlie Finley wanted this Oakland A's pitcher to change his 1st name to True Q: Vida Blue $500 A: He was the 1st black to play in the American league Q: Larry Doby ~~~~~~~~~~ Basketball ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sounds like the favorite shot of Peter Pan's nemesis Q: Hook Shot $200 A: Height, in feet, of the basket Q: 10 $300 A: Atlanta's basketball birds Q: Hawks $400 A: Line sometimes called the "charity stripe" or free throw line Q: Foul Line $500 A: He was NBA scoring champ for 7 straight years Q: Wilt Chamberlain ~~~~~~~~~~ Bear Facts ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In song, Davy Crockett was said to have "kill't him a bar when he was only" this age Q: 3 $200 A: The original Smokey the Bear became a popular attraction at this city's zoo Q: Washington, D.C. $300 A: The constellation Ursa major, meaning "the great bear" is better know by this name Q: Big Dipper $400 A: They are the best swimmers of all bears Q: Polar Bears $500 A: Name of the mascot few Americans got to see at the 1980 olympics Q: Misha ~~~~~~~~~~~ Beauty Shop ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: If you ask for it in a beauty shop, you'll get a foam used in hair styling, not a sweet dessert Q: Mousse $200 A: Term for lightening hair or whitening clothes Q: Bleaching $300 A: "Tantalizing" term for backcombing hair Q: Teasing $400 A: Spanish for "mask," though it emphasizes rather than hides eyes Q: Mascara $500 A: A manicure for the feet Q: Pedicure ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Begins with "L" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Erich Segal's biggest best-seller Q: Love Story $200 A: An air bubble tells a carpenter if he's on it Q: Level $300 A: Unit of measure equivalent to 1.0567 quarts Q: Liter $400 A: A, b, m, p, or z for example Q: Letter $500 A: It's what bread has that Matzo hasn't Q: Leavening ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Biblical Birds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When Noah sent it out to see if the waters had subsided, it came back with an olive branch Q: Dove $200 A: Peter denied 3 times that he knew Jesus, after which this immediately happened Q: The Cock Crowed $300 A: Jesus's love for Jerusalem was like this mother bird gathering its little ones under its wings Q: Hen $400 A: Bird God called foolish because it lays its eggs on the ground where they can be stepped on Q: Ostrich $500 A: When the Isralites asked Moses for meat, God provided 1000's of these stout birds Q: Quail ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Biblical Zoo ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 2nd of Egypt's plagues was Hordes of this amphibian Q: Frogs $200 A: Jeremiah rhetorically asked, "can it change its spots?" Q: Leopard $300 A: They licked the sores of Lazarus & ate the flesh of Jezebel Q: Dogs $400 A: David's 1st vocation was tending these Q: Sheep $500 A: Samson killed 1 of these with his bare hands Q: A lion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bicycle Parts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Steal the body of a bike, but make it look like someone else did it Q: Frame $200 A: With this type of brake, you won't leave rings Q: Coaster $300 A: You can get a good grip on the mustache, but don't do it in public Q: Handlebar $400 A: Just the extremity to get the bike going Q: Pedal $500 A: Said something about the wheel Q: Spoke ~~~~~~~ Biology ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The branch of biology that deals with the animal kingdom Q: Zoology $200 A: Wurlitzer's pride, or what tissues grouped together form Q: Organ $300 A: The FDA says Americans often ingest 25-35 times more than they need of this ingredient of salt Q: Sodium $400 A: In the 1600's amateur Dutch scientist Anton Van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria by using one of these Q: Microscope $500 A: Russian physiologist whose work with dogs contributed to psychology Q: Ivan Pavlov ~~~~~~~ Biology ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This frequent victim of Biology class dissections is of genus Rana Q: Frog $200 A: L.B.J.'s hound dog or Darwin's ship Q: Beagle $300 A: The basic unit of life; 3 billion die every minute in your body Q: Cell $400 A: It puts the green in greenery Q: Chlorophyll $500 A: Double helix Q: DNA ~~~~~ Birds ~~~~~ $100 A: Members of this "talking" bird family were familiar pets to Romans Q: Parrots $200 A: This "talking" bird is a species of starling Q: Myna Bird $300 A: Though eagles are much smaller than humans, these sense organs are the same size Q: Eyes $400 A: Some waterfowl, mistaking shotgun pellets for seeds or grits, have been stricken with this Q: Lead Poisoning $500 A: The yellow-bellied sapsucker & the common flicker are members of this bird family Q: Woodpecker ~~~~~ Birds ~~~~~ $100 A: Today Alcatraz hosts the world's 6th largest colony of these sea birds Q: Gulls $200 A: Of a covey, the cover or covet, the one that's a group of partridges Q: Covey $300 A: This process of cleaning & smoothing feathers with their bills is to birds what primping is to people Q: Preening $400 A: New species of this nocturnal predator are still being discovered at the rate of 1 every decade Q: Owls $500 A: Stubborn Albatrosses that had to be removed from airstrips at Midway Island were nicknamed this Q: Gooney Birds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Birds of Prey ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's also known as the chaparral cock-- beep, beep! Q: Roadrunner $200 A: Of a kuvasz, a kudu or a kookaburra, the one that's a bird of prey Q: Kookaburra $300 A: When being trained for this sport, birds of prey are "broken to the hood" Q: Falconry $400 A: The vast majority of bald eagles in the U.S. live in this state Q: Alaska $500 A: Because of its feeding habits, this brown & white bird is commonly called the fish hawk Q: Osprey ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Black America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ralph Abernathy became head of the Southern Christian Leadership conference upon this man's death Q: Martin Luther King Jr. $200 A: Of 6, 9, or 12, the number of children Joseph & Katherine Jackson have had, including Michael Q: 9 $300 A: Last name common to the mayors of Atlanta & Detroit Q: Young $400 A: After fighting in the civil war, she set up a home for needy blacks in Auburn, New York Q: Harriet Tubman $500 A: Benjamin Banneker assisted L'Enfant in planning this city Q: Washington D.C. ~~~~~ Blood ~~~~~ $100 A: A strikebreaker, or a blood clot on the surface of one's skin Q: Scab $200 A: The 4 blood types are A, B, AB and this Q: O $300 A: When blood leaves the heart, it's pumped to this organ where it picks up oxygen Q: Lungs $400 A: A person studies at least 4 years before becoming this "dr. of blood" Q: Hematologist $500 A: Septicemia & sapremia are 2 types of it Q: Blood Poisoning ~~~~~~~~~~ Blue Songs ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Where Fats Domino found his thrill Q: Blueberry Hill $200 A: Song in which "Jimmy Crack Corn & I Don't Care" Q: Blue Tail Fly $300 A: The Marcels hit #1 in 1961 with a remake of this Rodgers & Hart song Q: Blue Moon $400 A: Thanks to Irving Berlin Al Jolson found them smiling at him Q: Blue Skies $500 A: "Blue on Blue" & "Blue Velvet" were 2 of this star's early hits Q: Bobby Vinton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bodies of Water ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Originally at Lewiston, New York, this falls has moved 7 miles upstream Q: Niagara Falls $200 A: While thatcher looks over parliament, parliament looks over this Q: Thames $300 A: Hoover Dam gives us this Nevada Lake Q: Lake Mead $400 A: The only one of the 5 great lakes entirely in the U.S. Q: Lake Michigan $500 A: You can bet on the banks of this lake between California & Nevada Q: Lake Tahoe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bodies of Water ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Susquehanna, Rappahannock & Potomac all flow into this bay Q: Chesapeake Bay $200 A: The only great lake lying completely in the U.S. Q: Lake Michigan $300 A: The Gaza strip lies along this body of water Q: Mediterranean Sea $400 A: The Chagres River supplies the water for the locks of this canal Q: Panama Canal $500 A: The 2 straits separating Asia from European turkey are the Bosporus and this Q: Dardanelles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bodies of Water ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Linda Ronstadt sang about a blue one Q: Bayou $200 A: Named for the Greek nymph Io, this sea is the deepest part of the Mediterranean Q: Ionian Sea $300 A: Rudolph, Albert & Victoria are 3 of the great lakes on this continent Q: Africa $400 A: The Coral Sea is in this ocean Q: Pacific $500 A: The Gulf of Bothnia lies between Finland & this other Scandinavian country Q: Sweden ~~~~~ Books ~~~~~ $100 A: His books "Shogun," "Whirlwind," "Tai-Pan," & "Noble House" have all inspired board games Q: James Clavell $200 A: This 1895 novel, subtitles "An Episode of the American Civil War" was written by a 22-year-old Q: The Red Badge of Courage $300 A: Elliott Roosevelt writes mystery novels which feature this historical figure as a detective Q: Eleanor Roosevelt $400 A: Richard Adams' novel "Traveller" is a tale of the Civil War as seen thru the eyes of this man's horse Q: Robert E. Lee $500 A: A nightmare gave Mary Shelley the idea for this novel Q: Frankenstein ~~~~~ Books ~~~~~ $100 A: "Lone Star Baby" is a guide for expectant parents who live in or near this state capital Q: Austin $200 A: "One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich" was set in a prison camp during this man's regime Q: Joseph Stalin $300 A: "The bird era" isn't about "Sesame Street," it's a history of this basketball team from 1978-88 Q: Boston Celtics $400 A: The tragic death of his daughter Dominique influenced his writing "People Like Us" Q: Dominick Dunne $500 A: One biography of this woman is entitled "The Lonely Hunter" Q: Carson McCullers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Books & Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This biblical king was the subject of a Joseph Heller novel & a Richard Gere film Q: David $200 A: Having "phoned home," his adventure continued in "The Book of the Green Planet" Q: E.T. $300 A: In 1983, Peters & Waterman went "in search of" this American businesses Q: Excellence $400 A: "So Long, & Thanks for All the Fish" was the 4th book in his hitchhiker trilogy Q: Douglas Adams $500 A: By its 3rd week out in '84, this work of then 84-year-old Helen Hoover Santmyer was Q: And Ladies of the Club ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Books & Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Master of the page-turner who wrote "Master of the Game" & "Race of Angels" Q: Sidney Sheldon $200 A: With "parachutes & kisses" she overcame her "fear of flying" Q: Erica Jong $300 A: His wife said of his "Ulysses," "he's a genius, but what a dirty mind" Q: James Joyce $400 A: Readers checked into his "hotel New Hampshire" Q: John Irving $500 A: Wilkie Collins novel that's a real gem Q: The Moonstone ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Books & Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He took "a peep at Polynesian life" before he took a stab at "Moby Dick" Q: Herman Melville $200 A: He wrote biographies of Columbus & Washington as well as Rip Van Winkle Q: Washington Irving $300 A: Tutored by Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau, her works include "Jo's Boys" Q: Louisa May Alcott $400 A: In 1855, in his spare time as a bookshop owner, he compiled his "Famous Quotations" Q: John Bartlett $500 A: Alex Haley co-authored the 1965 autobiography of this black Muslim Q: Malcolm X ~~~~~~ Botany ~~~~~~ $100 A: Copra is the dried flesh of this "nut" Q: Coconut $200 A: Longfellow's "spreading" tree, now battling extinction by blight Q: Chestnut $300 A: Favorite food of pandas, it's the world's largest grass Q: Bamboo $400 A: There are over 2,600 known species of this tree, which gives its name to springs & a beach Q: Palm $500 A: The largest specimen of this tree has 350 large trunks & over 3,000 small ones Q: Banyan ~~~~~~ Botany ~~~~~~ $100 A: The flower named for botanist Anders Dahl Q: Dahlia $200 A: Slave turned botanist who created new products from peanuts Q: George Washington Carver $300 A: A "sound of music" song asks this white alpine flower to "bless my homeland forever" Q: Edelweiss $400 A: Japanese dwarf trees whose name sounds like a WWII battle cry Q: Bonsai $500 A: Luther Burbank developed a spineless one so it could become a useful food source Q: Cactus ~~~~~~ Boxing ~~~~~~ $100 A: Right-handed & some left-handed boxers keep this foot forward in the basic stance Q: Left $200 A: After knocking an opponent down, a boxer must go to this for the count Q: Neutral Corner $300 A: John L. Sullivan won the last heavyweight championship fought this way, in 1899 Q: Bare-Knuckle $400 A: In 1908, he became the 1st black boxer to win the heavyweight crown Q: Jack Johnson $500 A: In the WBA, the junior flyweight & this division do not have a minimum weight requirement Q: Heavyweight ~~~~~~~ Bridges ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 4 basic types of bridge structure are rigid beam, cantilever, arch, & this Q: Suspension $200 A: The Ben Franklin, not the George Washington, crosses this river Q: Delaware $300 A: The Gil Hodges memorial bridge connects the Rockaways to this NYC borough Q: Brooklyn $400 A: The world's longest continuous truss bridge at Astoria, Oregon spans this river Q: Columbia $500 A: The longest bridges in the world are 2 parallel causeways over Lake Pontchartrain in this state Q: Louisiana ~~~~~~~ Bridges ~~~~~~~ $100 A: To share in the toll income from the Bosporus bridge, you can buy bonds issued by this country Q: Turkey $200 A: Playwright who, in 1955, described "a view from the bridge" Q: Arthur Miller $300 A: 3 bridges link this NYC borough with New Jersey while only 1 connects it with the rest of the city Q: Staten Island $400 A: After a revolution, this country's Salazar bridge was renamed Ponte 25 De Abril Q: Portugal $500 A: The 3 longest bridges of this unusual type in the U.S. are all in the state of Washington Q: Floating Bridges ~~~~~~~ Bridges ~~~~~~~ $100 A: It connects the 3 boroughs of Manhattan, Queens & the Bronx Q: Triborough Bridge $200 A: Bridge mentioned in the song "Ode to Billie Joe" Q: Tallahatchee Bridge $300 A: Peruvian bridge which collapsed Friday July 20, 1714 in the Thorton Wilder novel of the same name Q: Bridge of San Luis Rey $400 A: Named not for lovers but for sorrowful prisoners crossing it to a venetian prison Q: Bridge of Sighs $500 A: From Latin for "way," it's a bridge that crosses mainly over land instead of water Q: Viaduct ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ British History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Queen Victoria affectionately called this powerful advisor "dizzy" Q: Benjamin Disraeli $200 A: The "great charter" of English liberties Q: Magna Carta $300 A: Armored garb of 12th century knights Q: Mail $400 A: Explorer who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth aboard his ship, "The Golden Hind" Q: Sir Francis Drake $500 A: Wellington said, "the Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of" this school Q: Eton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ British History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By 1750, about 10% of England's population lived in this city Q: London $200 A: From French for "a discussion," it evolved from a medieval assembly of barons & prelates Q: Parliament $300 A: He was in England for only 6 months of his 10-year reign, which began in 1189 Q: King Richard I $400 A: Term used to describe the era when the monarchy was re-established in 1660 Q: Restoration $500 A: In 1936, this king uttered his last words, "how is the empire?" Q: George V ~~~~~~~~ Broadway ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 4-letter play about 9-lived creatures Q: Cats $200 A: This show, where "the underworld can meet the elite," ran for over 3400 performances Q: 42nd Street $300 A: Nickname of the American theatre wing's Antoinette Perry award Q: Tony $400 A: 2-time academy award winner who reprised "Little Foxes" in 1980 Q: Elizabeth Taylor $500 A: 4 years after the film version came out in 1985 this musical was still running on Broadway Q: A Chorus Line ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Broadway Lyrics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Camelot," this is "how to handle a woman" Q: Merely Simply Love Her $200 A: "Something familiar, something peculiar, something for everyone" is this "tonight" Q: Comedy $300 A: From "Guys & Dolls" it's the title line that precedes "...hug around the neck & a barrel & a heap" Q: I Love You A Bushel & A Peck $400 A: "Whenever I feel afraid I hold my head erect" & do this "so no one will suspect I'm afraid" Q: Whistle A Happy Tune $500 A: Song from "gypsy" which opens, "things look swell, things look great" Q: Everything's Coming Up Roses ~~~~~~~~ Business ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The color of ink used for negative entries in an account ledger Q: Red $200 A: Goods go "under the hammer" at this kind of event Q: Auction $300 A: Check-cashing term meaning "to sign on the back" Q: Endorse $400 A: Hiring more workers than a job needs or furnishing grandma's sleeping quarters Q: Featherbedding $500 A: Word said to be derived from the practice of trimming coins with a bezel Q: Embezzle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Business & Industry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The great Atlantic & Pacific tea company's grocery stores are known by this name Q: A & P $200 A: This company operates a museum of soup tureens in Camden, New Jersey Q: Campbell's $300 A: Though it changed its name from standard oil of New Jersey, it's still headquartered there Q: Exxon $400 A: This city's Con Edison has the highest residential electric rates in the US Q: New York $500 A: America's 4th largest foundation derives from the will of this bandage maker Q: Robert Wood Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Business & Industry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This company was the 1st to use armored cars commercially Q: Brinks $200 A: Millionaire hotel magnate whose autobiography was titled "Be My Guest" Q: Conrad Hilton $300 A: Waterford crystal is from the town of Waterford in this country Q: Ireland $400 A: In 1984, standard oil of California changed its name to this Q: Chevron $500 A: America must import 96% of its bauxite, from which this metal is derived Q: Aluminum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By the Numbers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st asked in this game is usually "Animal vegetable or mineral?" Q: 20 Questions $200 A: In blackjack, this card can be worth 1 or 11 Q: Ace $300 A: Police precinct Barney Miller "Dozen" work at any more Q: 12th $400 A: A race run by couples tied together at the ankle Q: 3-Legged Race $500 A: Musical about the continental congress, it included the song "Sit down, John" Q: 1776 ~~~~~~~~~~ Card Games ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Regal" term for 10 through ace of the same suit in poker Q: Royal Flush $200 A: This favorite children's game could be called "hit the knave" Q: Slapjack $300 A: In the "black lady" version of hearts, this card means 13 points against you Q: Queen of Spades $400 A: In gin rummy, the maximum point count a player can have his hand to "knock" Q: 10 $500 A: Official form of bridge played in tournaments Q: Duplicate ~~~~~ Cards ~~~~~ $100 A: This VP, who resigned in 1973, was the Jack of Spades in a deck called "politicards" Q: Spiro T. Agnew $200 A: With no wild cards in use, the best hand you can get in poker Q: Royal Flush $300 A: Value of face cards when scoring gim rummy Q: 10 $400 A: You don't want 12 of these in the game of hearts Q: Hearts $500 A: Bridge developed from this game Q: Whist ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cars In Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to the Beach Boys, "she'll have fun, fun, fun 'til her daddy takes" this car away Q: T-Bird $200 A: In the 50's Dinah Shore always closed her show by singing "See the U.S.A." in this Q: Chevrolet $300 A: The rip chords' "hey little cobra" was manufactured by this car company Q: Ford $400 A: Pontiac model Ronnie & the Daytonas could have driven at Daytona Q: G.T.O. $500 A: Johnny Cash got this car 1 piece at a time & it didn't cost him a dime Q: Cadillac ~~~~~~~~ Cartoons ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The appropriately named Pepe Le Pew is this kind of animal Q: Skunk $200 A: This super hero was originally called "Super Mouse" Q: Mighty Mouse $300 A: Name of George of the Jungle's pet ape Q: Ape $400 A: Paramount's Popeye had this many "nephews" who all resembled him, but whose origin was never told Q: Four $500 A: Helen Kane sued max Fleischer, claiming this character's name and voice were copied from her Q: Betty Boop ~~~~~~~~ Cartoons ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 68-year-old cartoon cat who didn't get his bag of tricks until his 50's TV show Q: Felix $200 A: Cartoon character who attended Minnesota's Wossamotta U. Q: Bullwinkle $300 A: He would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today Q: Wimpy $400 A: Hanna-Barbera twosome that won 7 Oscars despite all their fights Q: Tom & Jerry $500 A: His secret identity is Henry Cabot Henhouse III Q: Super Chicken ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Celebrity Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Radio & TV interviewer who called his book of show biz anecdotes "tell it to the king" Q: Larry King $200 A: In "Say Hey," this athlete said his father taught him to walk using a moving basketball as bait Q: Willie Mays $300 A: Mary Pickford's Stepson, he wrote about his days as a spy in South America in "the salad days" Q: Douglas Fairbanks Jr $400 A: "Mongoose R.I.P." is the 8th of his thrillers featuring CIA agent Blackford Oakes" Q: William F. Buckley Jr $500 A: "Elizabeth takes off" is her story of the ups & down in her weight & life Q: Elizabeth Taylor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Celebrity Sayings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: She accepted her Oscar for best actress shouting, "you like me! You like me!" Q: Sally Field $200 A: 1930's sex symbol who said, "it's not the men in my life that count, it's the life in my men" Q: Mae West $300 A: Romantic idol who said, "this king stuff is pure bull...I'm just lucky slob from Ohio" Q: Clark Gable $400 A: This short thespian complained, "I was a 14-year-old boy for 30 years" Q: Mickey Rooney $500 A: "Golf is a good walk spoiled," said this author of "Huckleberry Fin" Q: Mark Twain ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Characters in Plays ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Oscar Madison & Felix Unger Q: The Odd Couple $200 A: Roxane & Christian Q: Cyrano De Bergerac $300 A: Alonzo, Rumpleteazer & Bustopher Jones Q: Cats $400 A: Brick & Maggie Pollitt Q: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof $500 A: Lady Bracknell & Algernon Moncrieff Q: Importance of Being Earnest ~~~~~~~~~ Chemistry ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A beaker or flask with numbers and lines on it, used for measuring Q: Graduate $200 A: Found in Rhubarb, oxalic acid removes calcium from the body & this common oxide from iron Q: Rust $300 A: The atomic weight of an atom is the sum of the number of these 2 parts of the nucleus Q: Protons & Neutrons $400 A: You can clean silverware by boiling it in an aluminum pan using a solution of this, NaHCO3 Q: Baking Soda $500 A: A centuries-old test for this gas is to see if bubbles of it turn limewater milky Q: Carbon Dioxide ~~~~~ China ~~~~~ $100 A: About half of all Chinese exports pass through this port Q: Shanghai $200 A: Henry P'U YI, the last person to hold this office, obtained it at age 2 & lost it in 1912, when he was 6 Q: Emperor $300 A: Semi-military organizations of young people formed during Mao's cultural revolution Q: Red Guards $400 A: During this war, general Joseph Stilwell became the 1st American ever to command a Chinese army Q: World War II $500 A: In 1280, they became the 1st outsiders to occupy all of China Q: Mongols ~~~~~~~~~ Chocolate ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: American caramel king who became a chocolate Czar Q: Hershey $200 A: All cacao beans are grown in the "Cocoa Belt," 20 degrees north & south of this Q: Equator $300 A: 5 cups of zucchini or 1 bon-bon has 75 of these Q: Calories $400 A: Cadbury was the 1st to use these to stop complaints about candy being squashed Q: Boxes $500 A: Chocolate was a medicine for dysentery to these Mexican Indians Q: Aztecs ~~~~~~ Cities ~~~~~~ $100 A: It was American's fourth largest city when absorbed by New York in 1898 Q: Brooklyn $200 A: Founded by Alexander the Great, this city had the greatest library in the world Q: Alexandria $300 A: Once "The Paris of the Orient," it's now called Ho Chi Minh City Q: Saigon $400 A: The first modern city planner, Pierre L'Enfant, planned this national capital Q: Washington D.C. $500 A: While Dominican dictator Trujillo ruled, he modestly called this capital "Ciudao Trujillo" Q: Santo Domingo ~~~~~~~~~ Civil War ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1864 burning of this city is depicted in "Gone with the Wind" Q: Atlanta $200 A: Side supported by the 5 civilized Indian tribes of Oklahoma Q: South $300 A: Number of slaves owned by Robert E. Lee at war's outbreak Q: None $400 A: Southerners call these Virginia battles first and second Manassas Q: Bull Run $500 A: High water mark of the south was this general's charge at Gettysburg Q: General George Pickett ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classic Cinema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Marx brothers meet the met, so to speak Q: A Night at the Opera $200 A: Cecil B. Demille's famous biblical "Exodus," made silently in 1923 & colorfully in 1956 Q: The Ten Commandments $300 A: He & Claudette Colbert were the 1st co-stars to win best actor & actress Oscars Q: Clark Gable $400 A: In this 1941 flick, Bogey gives Greenstreet the bird -- a fake one Q: The Maltese Falcon $500 A: "High society," with Kelly, Crosby, & Sinatra was based on this film with Hepburn, Grant & Stewart Q: The Philadelphia Story ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classic Cinema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Firm in which Brando "could'a been a contender" Q: On the Waterfront $200 A: "High society" hit named for the sailboat where it was sung Q: True Love $300 A: Sydney Greenstreet was 61 when he appeared in this, his 1st movie Q: The Maltese Falcon $400 A: The only silent movie that received a best picture Oscar Q: Wings $500 A: Barbra Steisand has "memories" of this film, made with co-star Robert Redford Q: The Way We Were ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classic Cinema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In this epic, an angry scarlett sees "Rhett" Q: Gone with the Wind $200 A: Film supposed to have starred Ronald Reagan & Ann Sheridan instead of Bogey & Bergman Q: Casablanca $300 A: Chaplin finds fascism funny in this film Q: The Great Dictator $400 A: This hitchcock film climaxes on Mt. Rushmore Q: North by Northwest $500 A: Often acclaimed as the best American film ever, it lost the Oscar in 1941 to "How Green was my Valley" Q: Citizen Kane ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classical Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though German-born, this 18th century composer famed for his "Messiah" is buried in Westminster abbey Q: George Frederick Handel $200 A: Robert Schumann was a noted composer of this 19th century period which immediately followed the classical Q: Romantic Period $300 A: In 1929, Arturo Toscanini, not Bo Derek, conducted the U.S. premiere of this ravel work Q: Bolero $400 A: Writing them for female students, this Venetian music teacher composed at least 400 concertos Q: Antonio Vivaldi $500 A: His operas include "Il Trovatore" & "La Traviata" Q: Giuseppi Verdi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classical Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Schubert's incomplete orchestral sonata Q: Unfinished Symphony $200 A: Musical accessory whose parts are the stick, head, hair, from & screw Q: Bow $300 A: Inspired by paintings, Moussorgsky composed "pictures at..." one of these Q: Exhibition $400 A: Considered the greatest violinist of all time, he could play a whole piece on 1 string Q: Paganini $500 A: Sacred opera Q: Oratorio ~~~~~~~~ Colleges ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A type of shoe or cloth, or where a Rhodes scholarship will get you Q: Oxford $200 A: Home of over 52,000 buckeyes Q: Ohio State University $300 A: Latin for field, or college grounds Q: Campus $400 A: In 1934, Gerald Ford was voted MVP of this school's football team Q: University of Michigan $500 A: Women's college that Shares Harvard's classes, housing & facilities but still is separate Q: Radcliffe ~~~~~~~~ Colleges ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Since 1778, troops have occupied the site of this U.S. service academy Q: West Point $200 A: Scientists at this New England brain trust produced artificial blood vessels from live cells Q: MIT $300 A: It has the smallest acreage but the largest population within the California University system Q: UCLA $400 A: George Bush played baseball & was phi beta kappa while attending this university Q: Yale $500 A: The 1st modern laboratory for studying parapsychology was set up at this University in Durham, NC Q: Duke ~~~~~~~~ Colleges ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Willamette University, oldest in the West, is in this state Q: Oregon $200 A: Freshmen traditionally had to wear this headgear as a symbol of subordination to upperclassmen Q: Beanie $300 A: Indiana town called home of the University of Notre Dame Du Lac Q: South Bend $400 A: Known by its initials, this Cambridge, Mass. school charges even higher tuition than its neighbor, Harvard Q: M. I. T. $500 A: It 1971, he founded Virginia's Lynchburg Baptist College, now Liberty University Q: Jerry Falwell ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colleges & Universities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This college fund was set up because "a mind is a terrible thing to waste" Q: United Negro College Fund $200 A: A N.Y. Ivy League University is named for this quaker who helped develop the U.S. telegraph system Q: Ezra Cornell $300 A: Columbia University is not in South Carolina, but in this city Q: New York $400 A: This first collegiate business school. at the Univ. of Pennsylvania, was founded in 1881 Q: Wharton School $500 A: While the University of Washington is in Seattle, Washington University is in this Midwestern city Q: St Louis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colonial America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though southernmost of the 13 colonies, this practice was originally forbidden in Georgia Q: Slavery $200 A: New Hampshire & these other 2 of the original 13 colonies were founded by colonists from Massachusetts Q: Rhode Island & Connecticut $300 A: After losing New York in 1664, this country briefly recaptured it in 1673 Q: The Netherlands $400 A: New Haven's Eaton code, which banned mince pies, dancing, & wife beating, were laws bound in this color Q: Blue $500 A: For 30 years, William Bradford governed this colony Q: Plymouth Colony ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colonial America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The oldest of the 13 original colonies Q: Virginia $200 A: In 1644, Peter Stuyvesant lost one of these in a battle with the Portuguese Q: Leg $300 A: Alias of pirate Edward Teach, who tied his most famous feature into pigtails, using colored ribbons Q: Blackbeard $400 A: He was born the 15th of 17 children in 1706 Q: Benjamin Franklin $500 A: This was the only message found at the lost colony on Roanoke Island Q: Croatoan ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colorful Category ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 3 colors in common to the flags on the U.S. and Chile are red, white & this Q: Blue $200 A: Pachyderm seen by potted people Q: Pink Elephant $300 A: Figuratively speaking, these are looked through to see the world in a wonderful light Q: Rose Colored Glasses $400 A: Pirate Edward teach's colorful Nom De Plunder Q: Blackbeard $500 A: It can be filled with car prices or college test answers Q: Blue Book ~~~~~~~~~ Comedians ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cliff Arquette's alter ego Q: Charley Weaver $200 A: She;s refused to play Ernestine in commercials touting telephone service Q: Lily Tomlin $300 A: Crew-cut comic who'd warble, "Well, I'll be a dirty bird" Q: George Gobel $400 A: The man with the "button-down mind" who played Major Major in "Catch-22" Q: Bob Newhart $500 A: She was Dummy Jerry Mahoney's girlfriend before she became Garry Moore's girl Friday Q: Carol Burnett ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Comic Strips ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jim Davis named this cat after his grandfather, not the 20th president Q: Garfield $200 A: John Steinbeck wrote the preface of a book about this Al Capp character Q: Li'l Abner $300 A: Standard comment of little orphan Annie's dog, Sandy Q: Arf $400 A: His favorite mode of transport was his dinosaur named Dinny Q: Alley Oop $500 A: During the depression she sold apples on the street, but now she gives only free advice Q: Mary Worth ~~~~~~~~~~~ Comparisons ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: African desert over 3 times larger than the neighboring Mediterranean Sea Q: Sahara $200 A: At 37, Peter Hodgson invented silly putty & Michelangelo finished the ceiling fresco here Q: Sistine Chapel $300 A: If a man could proportionally life as much as this insect, he'd life 8,100 lbs. Q: An Ant $400 A: The smallest created had 4 clues; the largest, 25,614 Q: A Crossword $500 A: Asian nation over 12 times larger than the U.K., its former ruler Q: India ~~~~~~~~~ Composers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1st held in 1876, the Bayreuth festival was planned by this German composer to play his own works Q: Richard Wagner $200 A: Desiring a teacher, Gershwin sought out this composer of "Bolero," who told him he didn't need one Q: Maurice Ravel $300 A: Written in 1723, this German's "Magnificat in D major" is magnificent Q: Johann Sebastian Bach $400 A: Composer of the "Firebird" & "Petrushka" Q: Igor Stravinsky $500 A: He composed "Faust" & in 1869, the Vatican's national anthem Q: Charles Gounod ~~~~~~~~~ Composers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Gustav Mahler consulted this famous Viennese psychiatrist about his marriage problems Q: Sigmund Freud $200 A: Schubert died less than 2 years after carrying a torch at the funeral of this great German composer in 1827 Q: Ludwig Von Beethoven $300 A: Considered unfriendly to Mozart, this Italian composer taught his son after Mozart's death Q: Antonio Salieri $400 A: This baroque composer's name translates to "John S. Brook" Q: Johann Sebastian Bach $500 A: George Washington & this Austrian composer, affectionately called "papa," were both born in 1732 Q: Franz Joseph Haydn ~~~~~~~~ Congress ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Thomas Philip O'Neil's nickname Q: Tip $200 A: When it was established in 1800, it started with a $5,000 book budget Q: Library of Congress $300 A: The length, in years, of a senator's term Q: 6 $400 A: "Treason, bribery & other high crimes & misdemeanors" are all grounds for this Q: Impeachment $500 A: The first was a 9-year-old boy appointed by Webster & Clay Q: Page ~~~~~~~~~~ Conquerors ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Spanish for "conqueror," Cortes was one Q: Conquistador $200 A: This group under Godgrey of Bouillon captured Jerusalem in 1099 Q: Crusaders $300 A: Once known as Thrace, Bulgaria was 1st subdued by this Greek in the 4th cent. B.C. Q: Alexander the Great $400 A: 13th century Mongol ruler of China whose armada was destroyed by a typhoon Q: Kublai Khan $500 A: This British conqueror of India committed suicide in 1774 Q: Robert Clive ~~~~~~~~~~ Continents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This continent averages about 5 persons per square mile Q: Australia $200 A: The number of inhabited continents bordered by both the Atlantic & Pacific oceans Q: 2 $300 A: The Caucasus & these mountains separate Europe from Asia Q: Urals $400 A: Guinness says the driest spot in the world is in this continent's Atacama desert Q: South America $500 A: Its coastline is more irregular than that of any other continent Q: Europe ~~~~~~~~~ Cosmetics ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Due to the short supply of these during WWII, leg make-up was invented to cover the gap Q: Nylon Stockings $200 A: Actress Lillie Langtry kept her skin fresh by rolling naked in this early morning substance Q: Dew $300 A: Women's wigs in 18th century England were matted with this type of animal fat to keep them from coming apart Q: Lard $400 A: This lethal metal was a popular facial whitener during the renaissance Q: Lead $500 A: This make-up maven, known for Aramis & Clinique, started out selling her Viennese uncle's face cream Q: Estee Lauder ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Corporate America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In December 1987, the Baer brothers of Colorado bought this "famous" cookie company Q: Famous Amos $200 A: This type of stock gets priority in receiving dividends but often lacks voting rights Q: Preferred Stock $300 A: In 1988 this popcorn developer received an honorary doctorate in agriculture from Purdue Q: Orville Redenbacher $400 A: This French water company has acquired springs in Oasis, Tx, Calistoga, CA & Poland Spring, Maine Q: Perrier $500 A: This magazine, founded in 1930, excludes financial firms & utilities from its famous list of "500" Q: Fortune ~~~~~~~~~ Countries ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1988, Australia observed this anniversary of its founding Q: 200 $200 A: Country in which you can see the giant carved heads of the ancient Olmecs Q: Mexico $300 A: In this country, you can follow the Copernicus Trail, which covers the places where he lived & worked Q: Poland $400 A: El Salvador & this other Central American country have 2-word names Q: Costa Rica $500 A: Mournful folk songs called Fados are performed in the popular Fado houses of this country Q: Portugal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Crooners ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A top race car driver, he also raced to the top of the charts with "El Paso" in 1959 Q: Marty Robbins $200 A: 1968 hit of 4-times divorced country singer Tammy Wynette Q: "D-I-V-O-R-C-E" $300 A: "Accidental" nickname of Billy Craddock, who's often called "Mr. Country Rock" Q: Crash $400 A: If you ask him how long he plans to be on top of country music, he might say, "forever and ever, amen" Q: Randy Travis $500 A: Singer & songwriter Randy Crowell married "Money" when he wed this successful singer Q: Rosanne Cash ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Grand Ole Opry is located in this amusement park Q: Opryland $200 A: Hawkshaw Hawkins performed in a silk jacket with this animal emblazoned on the back Q: Hawk $300 A: In 1972, she became the 1st woman elected entertainer of the year by the country music association Q: Loretta Lynn $400 A: This California town north of Los Angeles has been dubbed "Little Nashville" Q: Bakersfield $500 A: Kenny Rogers has carried this character from country music to TV movies Q: Gambler ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Singer born Wynette Pugh Q: Tammy Wynette $200 A: She wrote the 1980 hit song, "9 to 5" Q: Dolly Parton $300 A: In the past, country music was usually described by this 9-letter rural adjective Q: Hillbilly $400 A: Jessi Colter, Willie Nelson & Waylon Jennings are associated with this movement Q: Outlaw $500 A: "The Tennessee Plowboy" Q: Eddie Arnold ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born Randall Williams, he now carries on his father's "family tradition" Q: Hank Williams Jr. $200 A: This country-rock star is known as "the killer" Q: Jerry Lee Lewis $300 A: She "was country when country wasn't cool" Q: Barbara Mandrell $400 A: This silver fox's "the most beautiful girl" also topped pop charts Q: Charlie Rich $500 A: According to Johnny Horton, it's this temperature "when it's springtime in Alaska" Q: 40 Below ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: She never bothers removing the price tag from her hat Q: Minnie Pearl $200 A: It's where singer Garth Brooks has friends Q: Low Places $300 A: In 1958, the 1st country music Grammy was awarded to this Kingstone Trio song Q: Tom Dooley $400 A: He grew up to sing "mammas don't let your babies grow up to be cowboys" Q: Willie Nelson $500 A: She met her husband, Carl Dean, at a laundromat on her 1st day in Nashville in 1964 Q: Dolly Parton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born Seth Ward, he's famed for pork sausage & "big John" Q: Jimmy Dean $200 A: Radio program whose original name was "The WSM Barn Dance" Q: Grand Ole Opry $300 A: Part of the film "Urban Cowboy" was set in this singer's Texas nightclub Q: Mickey Gilley $400 A: Type of music that's named after Bill Monroe's band Q: Bluegrass $500 A: He was known as "the Texas troubadour" Q: Ernest Tubb ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A grandma before her 30th birthday, she's the real "coal miner's daughter" Q: Loretta Lynn $200 A: Nashville's Ryman Auditorium was its home for years Q: Grand Ole Opry $300 A: In "True Grit," he played a cowboy, but not his famous rhinestone one Q: Glen Campbell $400 A: His famed San Quentin concert inspired inmate Merle Haggard Q: Johnny Cash $500 A: A Rhodes scholarship paid "for the good times" he had at Oxford Q: Kris Kristofferson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This Larry's brothers are Rudy & Steve Q: Larry Gatlin $200 A: Of We Five, The Seekers or The New Christy Minstreals, the folk group Kenny Rogers sang with in 1966 Q: The New Cristy Minstrels $300 A: Jessi Colter & this man, her husband, are featured on "Wanted: The Outlaws," country's 1st platinum album Q: Waylon Jennings $400 A: Marie Osmond had real success with this 1975 song about artificial flowers Q: Paper Roses $500 A: She co-wrote Johnny Cash's hit "Ring of Fire" & she wears his wedding ring, too Q: June Carter Cash ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cowboys & Indians ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cleavon Little played a black lawman out to tame the west in this Mel Brooks film Q: Blazing Saddles $200 A: Owning TV rights to this film role of his made William Boyd a millionaire Q: Hopalong Cassidy $300 A: The Lone Ranger said, "hi-yo silver," & he said, "get 'em up, scout" Q: Tonto $400 A: Cantankerous jeep of Roy Rogers' sidekick Pat Brady Q: Nellybelle $500 A: Occupation of Gunsmoke's half-indian Quint Asper, played by Burt Reynolds Q: Blacksmith ~~~~~~~~~~~ Dance Fever ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When you "swing your partner" & "do-si-do" Q: Square Dancing $200 A: 60's spud crusher Q: Mashed Potato $300 A: Travolta & Debra "winged" their way around Mickey Gilley's doing this Q: Texas Two-Step $400 A: In 1990, this hot Brazilian dance had pelvises gyrating all over America Q: Lambada $500 A: The original version of this dance hit #1 two different times, in 1960 & 1962 Q: Twist ~~~~~~~ Dancers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: He wore his trademark top hat & tails in his very 1st film, "Dancing Lady," with Joan Crawford Q: Fred Astaire $200 A: This Broadway Hoofer, once a female impersonator, played a broadway hoofer in "Yankee Doodle Dandy" Q: James Cagney $300 A: This 1983 film focused on a steel worker named Alex who wanted to be a ballerina Q: Flashdance $400 A: Donna McKechnie, Carole Bishop & Sammy Williams all won Tony awards for playing dancers in this musical Q: A Chorus Line $500 A: Though born in Bombay, Juliet Prowse grew up in this country Q: South Africa ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Department Stores ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Completes the phrase "does Macy's tell..." Q: Gimbel's $200 A: Department store featured in the films "splash" & "Moscow on the Hudson" Q: Bloomingdale's $300 A: Last name of a Detroit store owner, or the car named for him Q: Hudson $400 A: At the turn of the century, this Chicago merchant was the world's largest dry goods retailer Q: Marshall Field $500 A: While many chains started in New York or Chicago, his began in Kemmerer, Wyoming Q: J.C. Penney ~~~~~~~~ Desserts ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A thick-crusted deep-dish pie, or a shoemaker Q: Cobbler $200 A: Fruit & shredded coconut dessert that's "fit for the gods" Q: Ambrosia $300 A: Mediterranean pastry layered with filo dough, nuts & honey Q: Baklava $400 A: French for perfect, it's customarily served in a tall, thin glass Q: Parfait $500 A: Not insignificant to the English, it's sponge cake filled with jam & soaked with wine Q: Trifle ~~~~~~ Disney ~~~~~~ $100 A: Thumper & Flower offer "comic relief" in this movie about man's disregard for nature Q: Bambi $200 A: This Rudyard Kipling adaptation was the last film Disney worked on before his death in '66 Q: Jungle Book $300 A: The Ugly Duckling was a swan, & "the ugly dachshund" was one of these dogs Q: Great Dane $400 A: Unlike Carlo Collodi, Disney did not kill this character at the start of "Pinocchio" Q: Jiminy Cricket $500 A: The only one of the seven dwarfs whose name is not an adjective Q: Doc ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dogs In Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sherlock Holmes solved the mystery of the devilish hound of this family Q: Baskervilles $200 A: He knocked over the screen concealing the Wizard of Oz Q: Toto $300 A: In this book, Nich Charles' Asta is a Schnauzer, but in films it was a wire-haired terrier Q: The Thin Man $400 A: Garryowen is the "Bloody mangy mongreal" in the "Cyclops" episode of this James Joyce novel Q: Ulysses $500 A: Breed of John Steinbeck's "Charley" in "Travels with Charley" Q: Poodle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Double Double Letters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Rhyming with "voodoo," it means both voodoo & bad luck Q: Hoodoo $200 A: One who vends volumes Q: Bookseller $300 A: Adjective for folks totally lacking the 32 enamel-coated structures used in mastication Q: Toothless $400 A: A foolishly optimistic person, like the title heroine of an Eleanor Porter 1941 best seller Q: Pollyanna $500 A: Brawl or uproar named for the Irish town whose fairs became famous for their free-for-alls Q: Donnybrook ~~~~~~~~~~~ Double Talk ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These 2 words precede "sweet Charlotte" in a 1965 film title Q: Hush Hush $200 A: Nickname of Skater Starbuck who was married to a quarterback Q: Jojo $300 A: Fleischer's cartoon clown who grew "out of the inkwell;" his name sounds like a chocolate drink Q: Koko $400 A: Born Marie Lawrie, she appeared in & sang the title song of "to sir with love" Q: Lulu $500 A: Double order at a deli, or a Tom Conti film about a Celtic poet Q: Reuben Reuben ~~~~~ Drama ~~~~~ $100 A: Medieval mystery plays often dealt with events taken from this book Q: Bible $200 A: This musical form debuted in the 16th century & some say the 1st production was called "Dafne" Q: Opera $300 A: Author of "Cyrano De Bergerac," Edmond Rostand wrote at least 3 plays for this French actress Q: Sarah Bernhardt $400 A: Act II of this shaw play opens at a salvation army shelter Q: Major Barbara $500 A: August Strindberg, noted for "The Ghost Sonata," has been called this country's greatest dramatist Q: Sweden ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Early Americans ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He felt his greatest work was his revision of the Bible, not his speller or dictionary Q: Noah Webster $200 A: Widow of Daniel Custis, she burned all but 2 letters from her famous 2nd husband Q: Martha Washington $300 A: He served as president of the continental congress & as the 1st chief justice of the United States Q: John Jay $400 A: He graduated from Yale at 18, became a captain at 20, & was hanged at age 21, in 1776 Q: Nathan Hale $500 A: The original Gerrymandered district was named for Elbridge Gerry when he was gov. of this state Q: Massachusetts ~~~~~~~~~ Education ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Traditional color of the one-room schoolhouse Q: Red $200 A: First American home of higher education, it educated JFK Q: Harvard $300 A: The Brown vs. Board of Education ruling outlawed this in the schools Q: Segregation $400 A: After teaching grade school, he graduated to become "Il Duce" Q: Benito Mussolini $500 A: A progressive preschool program was named for this Italian woman Q: Maria Montessori ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Working" party that 1st came to power in 1924 Q: Labour $200 A: Heavy winds sank more of this famed Spanish fleet than the English did Q: Armada $300 A: In 1963, Britain was rejected for membership in this European group Q: Common Market $400 A: In 1881, this punishment took a beating & was abolished by the British Navy Q: Flogging $500 A: Last monarch of the House of Tudor Q: Elizabeth I ~~~~~~~~~~~ English Lit ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This author of "The Jungle Book" lived in Vermont for 4 years Q: Rudyard Kipling $200 A: Aldous Huxley's 1932 version or "1984" Q: Brave New World $300 A: James Hilton's schoolmaster father was the model for this novel's title character Q: Goodbye Mr Chips $400 A: The hero's clubfoot in "Of Human Bondage" represented this author's stammer Q: Somerset Maugham $500 A: Ironically, Catherine, wife of this poet, painter & printer was illiterate Q: William Blake ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fleet-footed Jack Dawkins earned this nickname in "Oliver Twist" Q: Artful Dodger $200 A: Capt. Smollett skippered the "Hispaniola" in this Robert Louis Stevenson novel Q: Treasure Island $300 A: Potter's Peter Rabbit appeared the same year as this Conan Doyle animal of the Baskervilles Q: Hound $400 A: Epic poem that's considered the 1st great work of English literature Q: Beowulf $500 A: According to Alexander Pope, this is "the proper study of mankind" Q: Man ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1813, Sir Walter Scott turned down this post, recommending Robert Southey Q: Poet Laureate $200 A: The longest word ever in a London times crossword, 27 letters, was from his "love's labor's lost" Q: William Shakespeare $300 A: These Kenneth Grahame tales were originally told to his son to keep him from crying Q: The Wind in the Willows $400 A: Along with "Samson agonistes," Milton published this famous sequel to another work Q: Paradise Regained $500 A: London-born playwright of Portuguese descent whose family name was anglicized from Da Pinta Q: Harold Pinter ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A.E. Housman "heard a wise man say, give crowns & pounds & guineas, but not" this away Q: Your Heart $200 A: Poet who relived his boyhood in "a child's Christmas in Wales" Q: Dylan Thomas $300 A: William Golding novel in which English schoolboys stranded on an island turn savage Q: Lord of the Flies $400 A: Family name of Laurence Sterne's characters Walter, Toby & Tristram Q: Shandy $500 A: Author who wrote of his detective character, "the face of Father Brown could shine with ignorance..." Q: G.K. Chesterton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Poetry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Alexander Pope wrote it "Springs Eternal" in the human breast Q: Hope $200 A: Dryden wrote, "None but the brave" deserves this Q: Fair $300 A: Milton said this of those "Who only stand and wait" Q: They also serve $400 A: Coleridge character who cries, "Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink" Q: Ancient Mariner $500 A: Robert Browning said, do this "Along with me, the best is yet to be" Q: Grow Old ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ European History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter the Hermit's preaching aroused public support for the 1st of these expeditions in 1096 Q: Crusades $200 A: King John accepted it June 15, 1215 Q: Magna Carta $300 A: In the 16th & 17th centuries, this royal family ruled Spain as well as Austria Q: Hapsburgs $400 A: 2 years after becoming Kaiser in 1888, Germany's Wilhelm II dismissed this famous chancellor Q: Otto Von Bismarck $500 A: Forces from this Duchy conquered southern Italy as well as England in the 11th century Q: Normandy ~~~~~~~~~ Explorers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He went from Palestine to Kublai Khan's palace by camel Q: Marco Polo $200 A: De Soto, "discoverer" of this major U.S. river, was buried by it Q: Mississippi $300 A: Eric the Red called his discovery this to attract settlers Q: Greenland $400 A: Danish captain hired by Russia who made a "Strait" line to Alaska Q: Vitus Bering $500 A: English explorer & translator of the "Kama Sutra," he shared his name with a late welsh actor Q: Richard Burton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Facts & Figures ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fresh water's freezing point, it's the Fahrenheit temperature of water near the bottom of the ocean Q: 32 Degrees $200 A: Some experts believe about half of the 711 works attributed to this Dutch artist were done by others Q: Rembradnt Van Rijn $300 A: Country that is the world's number one producer of copper Q: Chile $400 A: Normally, this many holes are played in a pro golf tournament like the U.S. open Q: 72 $500 A: In sales, it's the world's biggest rubber company Q: Goodyear ~~~~~~~ Fairies ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter Pan's ding-a-ling pal Q: Tinkerbell $200 A: A bicuspid sprite Q: Tooth Fairy $300 A: These could be found in England or in Betty Crocker's kitchen Q: Brownies $400 A: Shakespeare's "tempest" spirit Q: Ariel $500 A: In Scotland, they wail & wash the clothes of people who'll die soon Q: Banshees ~~~~~~~~~~~ Fairy Tales ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Hansel & Gretel," Gretel ended up shoving her into an oven Q: The Witch $200 A: This little man said, "today I bake, tomorrow brew; next day I'll have the queen's child, too" Q: Rumpelstiltskin $300 A: This breakfast food rolled its way to safety until it agreed to sit on a pig's snout Q: Pancake $400 A: Nationality of Aladdin, the boy with the magic lamp Q: Chinese $500 A: The little match girl was carried to heaven by this relative Q: Her Grandmother ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Familiar Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To make a cake without a mix, you "start from..." this Q: Scratch $200 A: This saying springs from the ancient belief that felines & canines symbolized rain & wind Q: Raining Cats & Dogs $300 A: To show public support during a candidate's parade, folks jumped on this as the music passed by Q: Bandwagon $400 A: When life deals you blows, you've go to "roll with" these Q: Punches $500 A: If you're surprised, you might consider yourself this relative of a monkey Q: Uncle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Familiar Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This actor's good luck phrase might come from the fact that Sarah Bernhardt had only one "gam" Q: Break a Leg $200 A: "Getting up on the wrong side" reflects the belief that all good forces were on this side of the body Q: Right $300 A: Completes the Maxim "speech is silver..." Q: Silence is Golden $400 A: Undecided, or where you send a rocket Q: Up in the Air $500 A: Referring to someone who has a brief moment of glory, it comes from the misfire of a musket Q: Flash in the Pan ~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Cows ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Her cow was said to have started the great Chicago fire Q: Mrs O'Leary $200 A: Wife of Elmer, she's the Borden Cow Q: Elsie $300 A: The emotional state of the carnation company's cows Q: Contented $400 A: Breeds were named for Guernsey & for this other channel island where they were developed Q: Jersey $500 A: Cow seen in Mickey Mouse cartoons who shares her name with a male Howdy Doody character Q: Clarabelle ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This New Zealander who conquered Mt. Everest also explored the South Pole Q: Sir Edmund Hillary $200 A: Australian & American media magnate who's been compared to citizen Kane Q: Rupert Murdoch $300 A: In 1949, at age 73, he became the 1st chancellor of West Germany Q: Conrad Adenaver $400 A: Abriel's husband, who wrote "the health of nations is more important that the wealth of nations" Q: Will Durant $500 A: He was blinded in 1 eye as a result of a 1904 boxing match with a White House aide, but kept it secret Q: Theodore Roosevelt ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though people think she was John Rolfe's 1st wife, she was really his 2nd Q: Pocahontas $200 A: In 1917, the British royal family's name was changed to this by King George V Q: Windsor $300 A: He became Indonesia's 1st president in 1945 Q: Sukarno $400 A: First names of the married couple executed for espionage in 1953 Q: Julius & Ethel $500 A: Daughter of confederate captain, this founder of the Girl Scouts was deaf from age 26 Q: Juliette Low ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Paintings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Appropriately, Da Vinci painted this masterpiece on the wall of a dining hall in Milan Q: Last Supper $200 A: Look closely at Velazquez's "The Maids of Honor" to see the king & queen of this country in a mirror Q: Spain $300 A: In 1899 he painted a self-portrait showing himself with a pipe & bandaged ear Q: Vincent Van Gogh $400 A: In many of Degas' paintings, these are wearing long black ribbons around their necks Q: Ballerinas $500 A: Rembrandt painted this man "contemplating the bust of Homer" Q: Aristotle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Date Roosevelt called "a day that will live in infamy" Q: December 7, 1941 $200 A: French conqueror who supposedly said, "an army marches on its stomach" Q: Napoleon Bonaparte $300 A: Among this Hollywood rag's headline gags was "hix nix stix pix" Q: Variety $400 A: "A house is a machine for living," said this famous French architect who died in 1965 Q: Le Corbusier $500 A: Style of comedy George Kaufman believed "closes on Saturday night" Q: Satire ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Don't one of you fire until you see the whites of their eyes" was really said at this 1775 battle Q: Bunker Hill $200 A: Lincoln stated this general "is a copious worker & fighter but a very meager writer or telegrapher" Q: Ulysses S. Grant $300 A: 16th century author John Lyly wrote this "hath a thousand eyes" in "maides metamorphosis" Q: Night $400 A: To defend Britain, he vowed, "we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds" Q: Winston Churchil $500 A: Civil war general who said, "war is cruelty & you cannot refine it" Q: William Tecumseh Sherman ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Reader's Digest, it's the best medicine Q: Laughter $200 A: Alexander Pope said, "it springs eternal in the human breast" Q: Hope $300 A: Stuffy British monarch who said, when she saw herself imitated, "we are not amused" Q: Queen Victoria $400 A: It "trees," he claimed that "poems are made by fools like me" Q: Joyce Kilmer $500 A: "This is the 4th?" asked this Virginia patriot just before dying on July 4, 1826 Q: Thomas Jefferson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Joseph Heller wrote, "there was only one catch and that was" this Q: Catch 22 $200 A: Of the R.A.F. he said, "never was so much owed by so many to so few" Q: Winston Churchill $300 A: "I am escaped with the skin of my teeth" said this biblical paragon of patience Q: Job $400 A: Bishop Sheen said these unbelievers have "no invisible means of support" Q: Atheists $500 A: Greek philosopher who said, "get a good wife, you'll be happy; get a bad one, you'll be a philosopher" Q: Socrates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Shepherds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Her sheep will come home, wagging their tails behind them Q: Little Bo Peep $200 A: Breed of Strongheart, 1st movie dog of star status Q: German Shepherd $300 A: Location of Little Boy Blue's sheep Q: In the Meadow $400 A: 1st name of the 1st shepherd in space Q: Alan $500 A: Famous sheepherders of Norther Spain, their language is related to no other Q: Basques ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Women ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1922, she wrote "etiquette in society, in business, in politics & at home" Q: Emily Post $200 A: An alternate delegate to the U.N. in 1958, she was the 1st black opera singer at the met Q: Marian Anderson $300 A: Her book "Science & Health" was in its 382nd edition at her death in 1910 Q: Mary Baker Eddy $400 A: C.E.O. of Playboy Enterprises, she's no dumb bunny Q: Christie Hefner $500 A: She began her beauty empire behind a red door on 5th avenue Q: Elizabeth Arden ~~~~~~~ Fashion ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This New York-based national department store abbreviates its name as SFA Q: Saks Fifth Avenue $200 A: Term for someone who makes men's chapeaux--whether he's mad or not Q: Hatter $300 A: The Marciano brothers founded the company that makes this "questionable" fashion label Q: Guess $400 A: Of 5, 7 or 9, the number that precedes the name "West" on the popular shoe brand Q: 9 $500 A: In 1988, the fashion industry lost billions on this style shunned by professional women Q: Mini Skirt ~~~~~~~ Fashion ~~~~~~~ $100 A: 70's skirt between the mini & the maxi Q: Midi $200 A: Belted rainwear that's a favorite of fictional sleuths & spies Q: Trench Coat $300 A: One-piece zippered outfit named for a paratrooper's uniform Q: Jumpsuit $400 A: Men's 40's outfit which featured exaggerated shoulders wide lapels & baggy trousers Q: Zoot Suit $500 A: French for "fine sewing," it refers to high fashion Q: Haute Couture ~~~~~~~ Fashion ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Roman wear that became party wear for the "Greeks" in "animal house" Q: Togas $200 A: Hunter's hat sported by Sherlock Holmes Q: Deerstalker $300 A: They can come in "norfolk," "smoking," or "pea" varieties Q: Jackets $400 A: Term for the tuxedo's pleated sash, originally used to protect trousers from crumbs Q: Cummerbund $500 A: Alice Marble astonished the Wimbledon crowd by appearing in them in the 30s Q: Shorts ~~~~~~~ Fathers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This actor, the father of triplets, was just a "boy" on "The Waltons" Q: Richard Thomas $200 A: He was a "mother of invention" but father to Moon Unit & Dweezil Q: Frank Zappa $300 A: He shows up for New Year's with an hourglass & a scythe Q: Father Time $400 A: Percy Kilbride played him in a series of rural comedies Q: Pa Kettle $500 A: He was father to Queen Elizabeth the First Q: Henry VIII ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Female Stars ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Lena Horne got her start in the chorus of this Harlem club in 1933 Q: Cotton Club $200 A: A philosophy major at UCLA, she became an overnight star after "Ode to Billy Joe" was released Q: Bobbie Gentry $300 A: This oft-married actress at age 13 wrote & illustrated an account of her pet chimpmunk, "Nibbles" Q: Elizabeth Taylor $400 A: In 1943, at age 9, this singer had her own BBC show, "Pet's Parlour" Q: Petula Clark $500 A: 1st U.S. film actress honored on any country's postage stamp, but not for her acting talents Q: Grace Kelly ~~~~~~~ Fiction ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Gulliver's little friends Q: Lilliputians $200 A: "Alice in Wonderland" animal featured in title of Jefferson airplane's acid rock classic Q: White Rabbit $300 A: He wrote the book in which David Balfour was "kidnapped" Q: Robert Louis Stevenson $400 A: Erica Jong novel that deals with Isadora Wing's fear Q: Fear of Flying $500 A: They were "in search of an author" in Pirandello's play Q: Six Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Animals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He 1st got official billing in 1940 as "Elmer's pet rabbit" & got an Oscar 19 years later Q: Bugs Bunny $200 A: This moonse, a native of Frostbite Falls, Minn. served in the Navy as both a radar antenna & a hatrack Q: Bullwinkle $300 A: To make a minotaur, you need 1/2 of each of these 2 creatures Q: Man & Bull $400 A: Major, the prize boar, said man was an enemy & urged residents here to rebel Q: Animal Farm $500 A: In a Walter Farley book, Alec Ramsay rode this horse in a match race at Belmont Q: The Black Stallion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He & his band of "Merry Men" appear in "Ivanhoe" Q: Robin Hood $200 A: In "Tom Sawyer," the widow Douglas takes him into her home Q: Huckleberry Finn $300 A: Joel Chandler Harris' favorite uncle Q: Uncle Remus $400 A: Appropriately, Nathan Detroit moves his floating Crap game to a sewer in this musical Q: Guys and Dolls $500 A: Queequeg's occupation in "Moby Dick" Q: Harpooner ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hank Morgan, a Connecticut Yankee, became this king's right-hand man Q: Arthur $200 A: This "great" friend of Nick Carroway lived in Long Island's west egg Q: Jay Gatsby $300 A: Mellors, the gamekeeper, was the D.H. Lawrence book's title character Q: Lady Chatterley's Lover $400 A: The beautiful ageless H. Rider Haggard heroine Q: She $500 A: What Philip Nolan was missing Q: Country ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At the start of the 1885 novel, he's living with the widow Douglas & her sister, miss Watson Q: Huckleberry Finn $200 A: George Babbitt works in this field in Zenith, the zip city Q: Real Estate $300 A: Squire Trelawney hired him to be the cook on the Hispaniola Q: Long John Silver $400 A: Author H. Rider Haggard set this English explorer searching for "king Solomon's mines" Q: Allan Quartermain $500 A: Character who relates the detective story "The Sign of Four" Q: Dr John Watson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Detectives ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Hawaiian sleuth of Chinese heritage with 11 children Q: Charlie Chan $200 A: The wife of this Peter Falk character got her own TV series Q: Columbo $300 A: Joe Leaphorn & Jim Chee patrol the Indian lands of the four corners area in his mysteries Q: Tony Hillerman $400 A: His first client was general Sternwood in "The Big Sleep" Q: Philip Marlowe $500 A: Belgian who found "Evil Under the Sun" & "Death on the Nile" Q: Hercule Poirot ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born Lord Greystoke, he became a "swinger" at an early age Q: Tarzan $200 A: To our knowledge, neighbors at 221-A Baker Street never complained about his violin playing Q: Sherlock Holmes $300 A: Sancho Panza's saddle pal Q: Don Quixote $400 A: Foundling found by the worthy squire allworthy in Henry Fielding's novel Q: Tom Jones $500 A: Ay, me mateys, this lad sailed the Hispaniola to "Treasure Island" Q: Jim Hawkins ~~~~~~~~~~ Film First ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Walter Brennan was the 1st to win an Oscar as the "best" one of these Q: Supporting Actor $200 A: His directorial debut, "The Maltese Falcon," was one of several films in which he cast his father Q: John Huston $300 A: The first use of sensurround in this film "Shook" Hollywood, but not the industry Q: Earthquake $400 A: Fred & Ginger's 1st film together Q: Flying Down to Rio $500 A: In 1950, he debuted on film playing a paraplegic in "The Men" Q: Marlon Brando ~~~~~~~~~~ Fine China ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though Delftware was 1st produced in this country, it's also made in England Q: Netherlands $200 A: The trademark of the Meissen Porcelain Factory is 2 of these weapons, crossed Q: Swords $300 A: In 1757 the Sevres China Factory named a new color, not a hair style, for this mistress of Louis XV Q: Madame De Pompadour $400 A: First name shared by the great 18th century Potters Spode & Wedgwood Q: Josiah $500 A: English county famed for its colorful figurines & mascular terriers Q: Staffordshire ~~~~~~~~~~~~ First Ladies ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: She 1st met her husband while complaining to S.A.G. about unwanted communist literature Q: Nancy Reagan $200 A: After 1st breaking off the engagement, Lincoln went on to marry her Q: Mary Todd Lincoln $300 A: Former Virginia governor Charles Robb's mother-in-law Q: Lady Bird Johnson $400 A: In 1962 Adlai Stevernson eulogized: "She would rather light candles than curse the darkness" Q: Eleanor Roosevelt $500 A: Only wife of 1 president & mother of another Q: Abigail Adams ~~~~~~~~~~~~ First Ladies ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His wife Louisa, was the only 1st lady born abroad, but she was buried in Quincy, Massachusetts Q: John Quincy Adams $200 A: Tom Selleck said this first lady helped him overcome his fear of dancing with the Princess of Wales Q: Nancy Reagan $300 A: Mrs. Nixon was nicknamed Pat because she was born on the eve of this holiday Q: St Patrick's Day $400 A: She was the only first lady born in Kentucky Q: Mary Todd Lincoln $500 A: She co-wrote the 1988 book, "Wildflowers in America" Q: Lady Bird Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~~~ First Ladies ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Pres. Reagan's younger daughter Patti goes by this, her mother Nancy's maiden name Q: Davis $200 A: At 24, she married a senator; at 34, she was a president's widow Q: Jacqueline Kennedy $300 A: Nickname her black nurse gave to Claudia Alta Taylor as a child Q: Lady Bird $400 A: Her 54-year marriage to our 2nd president has been called a "love feast" Q: Abigail Adams $500 A: First lady nicknamed "the steel magnolia" Q: Rosalynn Carter ~~~~~~~~~~~ First Lines ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "This book is largely concerned with hobbits," begins his "the fellowship of the ring" Q: J.R.R. Tolkien $200 A: This 1941 film opens as Effie the secretary enters & Sam the dick says, "Yes, sweetheart?" Q: Maltese Falcon $300 A: Famous poem inscribed there says this colossus is "not like the brazen giant of Greek fame" Q: Statue of Liberty $400 A: MC who opened his 50's show with, "Would You Like to be Queen for a Day?" Q: Jack Bailey $500 A: Metaphysical poet who addressed "death" saying "be not proud" Q: John Donne ~~~~~~~~~~~ First Lines ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The last group mentioned in the 1st line of Marc Antony's eulogy on Casesar Q: Countrymen $200 A: 1st 3 words of the Bible Q: In the Beginning $300 A: Philip Roth story where Neil tells us, "the 1st time I saw Brenda she asked me to hold her glasses" Q: Goodbye Columbus $400 A: It begins with, "Marley was dead to begin with" Q: A Christmas Carol $500 A: TV show whose theme begins, "just sit right back & you'll hear a tale..." Q: Gilligan's Island ~~~~~~~~~~~ First Lines ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Once upon a time there were 4 little rabbits, & their names were Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail & Peter" Q: A Tale of Peter Rabbit $200 A: "It looked extremely rocky for the Mudvlle Nine that day" Q: Casey at the Bat $300 A: Isak Dinesen began this book with, "I had a farm in Africa, at the foot of the Ngong Hills" Q: Out of Africa $400 A: "Those who wish to win favor with a prince... offer him those things which they hold most precious..." Q: The Prince $500 A: "Howard Roark laughed" Q: The Fountainhead ~~~~~~ Firsts ~~~~~~ $100 A: The Sumerians, not Fred Flinstone, got this rolling around 3,500 B.C. Q: Wheel $200 A: Appropriately named comic strip which was the 1st to appear in a newspaper in color Q: Yellow Kid $300 A: The 1st trans-U.S. highway was completed from N.Y. to here Q: San Francisco $400 A: 1st president to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C. Q: Thomas Jefferson $500 A: Dan Golenpaul founded both this 1st radio quiz show & an almanac of the same name Q: Information Please ~~~~ Fish ~~~~ $100 A: Sardines were named for this Italian island where they were first caught Q: Sardinia $200 A: It's believed this sense leads spawning salmon back to the same stream where they hatched Q: Smell $300 A: Both of these move to topside as the adult flounder matures Q: Eyes $400 A: Of herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores, most fish are this Q: Carnivores $500 A: The bluefin is the largest species of this foodfish Q: Tuna ~~~~ Fish ~~~~ $100 A: Type of carp which might feel at home at Fort Knox Q: Goldfish $200 A: Some of these members of the Mackerel family are skipjack & some are Albacore Q: Tuna $300 A: They come in white, blue & hammerhead Q: Sharks $400 A: Engraulis Mordax, a fishy pizza topping Q: Anchovy $500 A: Deep-sea game fish or Perkins of "Wild Kingdom" Q: Marlin ~~~~~ Flags ~~~~~ $100 A: The stars & stripes was 1st planted at this location on July 20, 1969 Q: Moon $200 A: The symbols of this country's flag represent the Yin & Yang & The Balance & Harmony of Life Q: South Korea $300 A: On the Olympic flag, the top 3 rings are blue, black & red; the bottom 2 are these colors Q: Yellow & Green $400 A: Number of short stripes on the flag of the United States Q: 7 $500 A: Created in 1979, this cabinet department has a symbolic tree in the center of its flag Q: Department of Education ~~~~~~~ Flowers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Everything's better with this state flower of Texas on it Q: Bluebonnet $200 A: Tropical flowering household plant in colors from white to purple Q: African Violet $300 A: "Fast as lightning" symbol of floral transworld delivery found on Florists' doors Q: Mercury $400 A: This flower once sacred to India, China & Egypt shares its name with a mythical plant of daydreams Q: Lotus $500 A: The name of this flower with many ray-like petals is from the Greek for "star" Q: Aster ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Flowers & Trees ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: While many trees bear flowers, conifers bear these Q: Cones $200 A: It's what the inchworm is measuring in a song from the film "Hans Christian Andersen" Q: Marigolds $300 A: Oregon's huge virgin timber forests are dominated by this fir named for a famous botanist Q: Douglas Fir $400 A: From the Spanish word for "Raft," it's the lightest wood in commercial use Q: Balsa $500 A: Some mistakenly think this yellow flower, once proposed for U.S. national flower, causes Hay Fever Q: Goldenrod ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Flowers & Trees ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Its seed is used in baking, but one type produces opium Q: Poppy $200 A: Long associated with Lebanon, this tree is on its flag Q: Cedar $300 A: Other than soybeans, this large flower is the world's most important oilseed crop Q: Sunflower $400 A: Turpentine comes from this kind of tree Q: Pine $500 A: Also called the laurel, this tree's leaves are used to flavor foods Q: Bay ~~~~~~~~~~ Folk Songs ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bill Monroe told the "blue moon of" this state to "keep on a-shinin'" Q: Kentucky $200 A: They "were lovers, oh lordy, how they could love," but the song's about a fight Q: Frankie & Johnnie $300 A: In many versions, the 2nd verse of this protest song starts, "we'll walk hand in hand" Q: We Shall Overcome $400 A: "Whoopie ti yi yo, get along little dogies, you know that" this state "will be you new home" Q: Wyoming $500 A: In "Clementine," this numerical phrase describes the miner Q: Forty-Niner ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Many tourists try this Hawaiian dip made of fermented taro, but only once Q: Poi $200 A: Thomas Jefferson was the 1st American known to cultivate this fruit--or is it a vegetable? Q: Tomato $300 A: This dessert, Italian for "all fruits," served up a juicy hit for Little Richard in '55 Q: Tutti-Frutti $400 A: The ancients thought that thunder caused this delicacy to grow, since they sprang up after thunderstorms Q: Mushrooms $500 A: By strictest definition, a rasher of bacon has this many slices Q: 1 ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Spicy, icy Spanish tomato soup Q: Gazpacho $200 A: Term for pasta that remains firm "to the teeth's" touch Q: Al Dente $300 A: Dish made of meat in pastry and named for Napoleon's nemesis Q: Beef Wellington $400 A: The "Poivre" in steak Au Poivre Q: Pepper $500 A: Main dish ordered most often in American restaurants Q: Fried Chicken ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Prickly pears are plucked from this type of plant Q: Cactus $200 A: Guinness says the longest pork one ever made stretched over 8 miles in "link"th Q: Sausage $300 A: A spaghetti sauce made of basil, pine nuts, garlic and olive oil Q: Pesto $400 A: The FDA forbids the use of the word "caviar" alone on a label unless it comes from this type of fish Q: Sturgeon $500 A: Mangoes are a common ingredient in this pungent Indian relish Q: Chutney ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Risotto is a popular Italian dish that features this grain cooked in broth Q: Rice $200 A: A frittata is an open-faced variety of this Q: Omelet $300 A: Green salads are usually distinguished by this cheese Q: Feta $400 A: A very large, firm, "meaty" tomato, often served with onion slices in an oil & vinegar dressing Q: Beefsteak $500 A: From the Greek word for "leaf," these leaflike sheets of pastry are used to make Baklava Q: Phyllo ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: The Mayans made corn, one of their primary foods, into flat cakes now called this Q: Tortillas $200 A: Shredded fruit most commonly found in macaroons Q: Coconut $300 A: French for "rawness," these are raw vegetables served as appetizers Q: Cudites $400 A: This crystallized treat is made from just sugar & water, not from boulders Q: Rock Candy $500 A: This French salad dressing both means & is made with a "little vinegar" Q: Vinaigrette ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: The herbs anise & fennel resemble the flavor of this common black candy Q: Licorice $200 A: From the Romanian word for "to preserve," it's served hot with mustard on rye Q: Pastrami $300 A: When it was 1st introduced into England from France, it was called "butterine" Q: Margarine $400 A: Named for an English doctor who recommended meat as a cure-all, it's a hamburger without a bun Q: Salisbury Steak $500 A: Ff the cheese is authentic, a symbol of sheep appears on the wrapping of this type of blue cheese Q: Roquefort ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: The part of a carrot that's eaten as a vegetable Q: Tap Root $200 A: A 1984 better homes & gardens survey found it the type of pasta eaten most often Q: Spaghetti $300 A: Of fish eggs, unopened flower buds, or animal fat globules, what capers are Q: Unopened Flower Buds $400 A: The eggs in egg benedict are traditionally cooked this way Q: Poached $500 A: Mark Twain described this vegetable as "nothing but cabbage with a college education" Q: Cauliflower ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Food & Drink ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Besides corn, the main ingredient in succotash Q: Lima Beans $200 A: Similar to ravioli, this pasta is cut in rounds, filled & formed into rings Q: Tortellini $300 A: Before the 1820's this meal was called dinner Q: Lunch $400 A: Called "nervous pudding" it became popular after introduction of this trademarked brand in 1902 Q: Jello $500 A: Tripe is this part of a cow or sheep Q: Stomach ~~~~~ Foods ~~~~~ $100 A: Southern specialty & American's favorite dish Q: Fried Chicken $200 A: Donut-shaped deli delight, from Yiddish for ring Q: Bagel $300 A: Lox, Gravlax & Nova Scotia are forms of this fish Q: Salmon $400 A: Often paired with cabbage, this is brisket preserved in brine Q: Corned Beef $500 A: A New York chef invented these in the 1850's when told his French fries were too thick Q: Potato Chips ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This country's national anthem is named for the city of Marseilles Q: France $200 A: This city is noted for its harbour bridge & shell-shaped opera house Q: Sydney $300 A: Its baseball team is named for the 1967 world's fair held there Q: Montreal $400 A: Soweto is an urban complex outside this city Q: Johannesburg $500 A: The 2nd largest city in Ireland, it helps keep the country's economy afloat Q: Cork ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: No matter how you slice it, it's "Brot" in Germany Q: Bread $200 A: From the Latin meaning "To serve," it's the soup that starts a meal Q: Minestrone $300 A: French cookie made of sugar, egg white & almonds, its name is from Italian for macaroni Q: Macaroon $400 A: The distinctive starchy ingredient in Chinese dishes with "Mein" in the name Q: Noodles $500 A: Called "The fruit of India," it's the main ingredient in a popular chutney Q: Mango ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "coq" in coq au vin Q: Chicken $200 A: A British variety is called "bangers;" a Mexican variety "chorizo" Q: Sausage $300 A: Jewish crepe filled with cheese Q: Blintz $400 A: A toothsome cut of beef served to a twosome and named for a French nobleman Q: Chateaubriand $500 A: A stew of various meats or a Jeopardy category Q: Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Exchange ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Japanese who love money have a "desire" for these Q: Yen $200 A: This neighboring country's franc is worth more then France's Q: Switzerland $300 A: The Quetzal is both the currency & national bird of this Central American country Q: Guatemala $400 A: The U.S. Greenback is official tender in this African country Q: Liberia $500 A: The Austral isn't the currency of Australia but of this South American country Q: Argetina ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Films ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The Seven Samurai" became this title group in a 1960 U.S. film Q: The Magnificent Seven $200 A: Ingmar Bergman directed this fellow Swede in her last theatrical film, 1978's "Autumn Sonata" Q: Ingrid Bergman $300 A: Sergei Bondarchuk not only wrote & directed this Oscar-winning Tolstoy epic, he played the lead Q: War and Peace $400 A: Francois Truffaut's "The Bride Wore Black" was an homage to this master of suspense Q: Alfred Hitchcock $500 A: "The clowns," this director's tribute to circus performers, was originally made for Italian TV Q: Federico Fellini ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What an Italian means when he says "Non Capisco" Q: I don't understand $200 A: In Japanese, "Nezumi," in Finnish, "Rotta," & in Cagney "Dirty" Q: Rat $300 A: With "Savoir" it means knowledge with "Laissez" it means indifference Q: Faire $400 A: Swahili for a "Journey," it's come to mean a hunting trip Q: Safari $500 A: Latin 2-word phrase meaning "It doesn't follow" Q: Non Sequitur ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: French equivalent to "enjoy your meal" Q: Bon Appetit $200 A: Italian word that double for "thank you" and "excuse me" Q: Prego $300 A: What you should do if a Hawaiian tells you to "wikiwiki" Q: Hurry Up $400 A: How you would ask in German if someone spoke German Q: Sprechen Sie Deutsch $500 A: Widely known Japanese idiom which means "is that right?" Q: A-50 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In Germany, it's said before a toast & after a sneeze Q: Gesundheit $200 A: The British call this part of a car "the bonnet" Q: Hood $300 A: From the French, it literally means "a pen name" Q: Nom De Plume $400 A: The vidi in "veni, vidi, vici" Q: I Saw $500 A: Warning in Latin, "cave canem"; in Dutch, "pas op de hond" Q: Beware of the Dog ~~~~~~~~~~~~ For the Kids ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Name shared by pre-pubescent pan & pickled pepper picker piper Q: Peter $200 A: She created Jemima Puddle-Duck & Mrs. Tiggy Winkle as well as Peter Rabbit Q: Beatrix Potter $300 A: The French call he "Le Petit Chaperon Rouge" Q: Little Red Riding Hood $400 A: Animal that went both ways in "Dr. Dolittle" Q: The Pushmi-Pullyu $500 A: What the three little kittens were denied when they lost their mittens Q: Pie ~~~~~~~~~~~~ For the Kids ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Number in common to blind mice, bags of wool, & men in a tub Q: 3 $200 A: He was the sleeping sheep & cow herder Q: Little Boy Blue $300 A: Show which features Alistair Cookie's "monsterpiece theatre" Q: Sesame Street $400 A: Janet & Mark have replaced this classic reading primer pair Q: Dick & Jane $500 A: This fairy-tale cat could fill J.R.'s shoes Q: Puss in Boots ~~~~~~~~~~~~ For the Kids ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: No one in his "neighborhood" calls him Fred Q: Mr. Rogers $200 A: Munro Leaf's beast who's rather smell the flowers than fight Q: Ferdinand the Bull $300 A: The 1st thing the "old lady" swallowed in the famous rhyme Q: Fly $400 A: You meet Chuggs, Gussets & Gherkins in his book, "If I Ran the Zoo" Q: Dr. Seuss $500 A: Nickname of kid detective Brown or a compendium of knowledge Q: Encyclopedia ~~~~~~ France ~~~~~~ $100 A: Built from the 11th to the 16th century, this abbey citadel rests on an island off the coast of Normandy Q: Mont St Michel $200 A: When you're on the left bank in Paris, you're "left" of this river Q: Seine $300 A: Once a Mediterranean fishing village, it's now famous for a film festival Q: Cannes $400 A: University of Paris, known by the name of its most famous college Q: Sorbonne $500 A: Founded about 600 B.C. by Greeks, it's France's main seaport Q: Marseilles ~~~~~~ France ~~~~~~ $100 A: After the revolution, Viollet-Le-Duc supervised the repair of this famed French cathedral Q: Notre Dame De Paris $200 A: Until recently, France's finance ministry was headquartered in this museum Q: Louvre $300 A: You can travel about 270 km per hour on the TGV, which is this type of transportation Q: Train $400 A: Guinness says it took 2 years, 2 months & 2 days to build at a cost of 7,799,401 francs & 21 centimes Q: Eiffel Tower $500 A: Between 1871-1945 ownership of this disputed region passed back & forth between Germany & France Q: Alsace-Lorraine ~~~~~~ France ~~~~~~ $100 A: France's unknown soldier of WW I is buried under this Paris landmark Q: Arc De Triomphe $200 A: This capital of Burgundy is known for its spice bread & mustard Q: Dijon $300 A: Louis XIV built this palace, famed for its hall of mirrors Q: Versailles $400 A: Colorful main attraction of the cathedral in Chartres Q: Stained Glass Windows $500 A: This village on the Riviera became a hot resort when Brigitte Bardot moved there Q: St Tropez ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ French Royalty ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Great-niece of Henry VIII who was Queen Consort of France & later Queen of Scotland Q: Mary Queen of Scots $200 A: King who died on the place De La Revolution on January 21, 1793 Q: Louis XVI $300 A: Princess Henrietta Maria of France married this king of England who was beheaded in 1649 Q: Charles I $400 A: The Chateau De Bagatelle was built in 1777 as a result of a bet made by this Austrian-born queen Q: Marie Antoinette $500 A: Marie-Louise, daughter of a holy Roman emperor, married this man who abolished the holy Roman empire Q: Napoleon ~~~~~~ Fruits ~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1875, a Chinese farmer in Oregon named Bing helped develop a variety of these Q: Cherries $200 A: When dried, the fruit of the litchi tree is known as this Q: Litchi Nut $300 A: While muskrats are rodents, muscats are these Q: Grapes $400 A: This popular muskmelon was named for a village in Italy Q: Cantaloupe $500 A: Related to the apple & pear, this fruit is usually made into preserves rather than eaten raw Q: Quince ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits & Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Root vegetable that was the root of Peter Rabbit's passion Q: Carrot $200 A: Europeans once believed that this vegetable with purple skin, cousin to the tomato, caused insanity Q: Eggplant $300 A: Syrup originally made from pomegranates processed on the Caribbean Island of Grenada Q: Grenadine $400 A: The "Hospitality" fruit, it can keep Jell-O from jelling Q: Pineapple $500 A: Autumn edible which figured in the Alger Hiss case Q: Pumpkin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits & Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The pickled pepper Peter might have picked for stuffing green olives Q: Pimentos $200 A: Often called a cross between a plum & a peach it's actually an unfuzzy variety of peach Q: Nectarine $300 A: The Chinese consider it good luck to receive gifts of this tiny orange-like fruit Q: Kumquat $400 A: Cultivated for its long, white, edible root, it's the pale unpopular cousin to the carrot Q: Parsnip $500 A: Member of the cabbage family that's an essential ingredient in chicken divan Q: Broccoli ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits & Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The term "yam" is commonly but incorrectly applied to this vegetable Q: Sweet Potato $200 A: "Prunus Avium" to a Botanist, it garnishes sundaes & slot machines Q: Cherry $300 A: State which produces more plums than all others combined Q: California $400 A: Peas, beans & peanuts are members of this 2nd largest family of flowering plants Q: Legumes $500 A: The only fruit that produces a common cooking oil Q: Olive ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits and Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This dried fruit is often found in carrot cake Q: Raisins $200 A: As stated on most gelatin boxes, this fruit should be cooked before adding to a gelatin mixture Q: Pineapple $300 A: Also called the "Pie Plant," its long reddish stalks are edible when cooked Q: Rhubarb $400 A: Collards, kale & bok choy are all types of this vegetables Q: Cabbage $500 A: In France, this onion-like vegetable is known as the "asparagus of the poor" Q: Leeks ~~~~~~~~~ Funny Men ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Danish dilettante of the paino who intersperses quips with chords Q: Victor Borge $200 A: Brooklyn-born Leonard Hacker, he took over Groucho's spot in a "You Bet Your Life" revival Q: Buddy Hackett $300 A: In 1974, over 300,000 callers daily heard his dial-a-jokes like "See A Cop? No? Good, Stick 'em Up" Q: Henny Youngman $400 A: Famous for a routine on "Jeopardy!" this New Yorker is married to an opera singer Q: Robert Klein $500 A: "Goon Show" star known for lines like "he walked with a pronouned limp, l-i-m-p pronounced limp" Q: Spike Milligan ~~~~~~~~~ Furniture ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A rabbit residence, or a cupboard placed on top of a buffet Q: Hutch $200 A: In phony antiques, these "Parasite" flaws are made with buckshot or a find dental drill Q: Wormholes $300 A: Archie Bunker jealously guarded this, the "Comfortable" throne of his kingdom Q: Easy Chair $400 A: Duncan Phyfe was a Scottish cabinetmaker known for his work in this country Q: United States $500 A: In 16th century Europe, this thin wood sheeting was hand-cut to only 1/10th of an inch thick Q: Veneer ~~~~~~~~~~ Game Shows ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He gave up plans to become a doctor & became "TV's big dealer" Q: Monty Hall $200 A: Show which asked its mystery guests to "sign in, please" Q: What's My Line $300 A: "Animal, vegetable, or mineral?" was usually the 1st question asked on this show Q: 20 Questions $400 A: Ray Combs' kisser was seen on this game's revival Q: Family Feud $500 A: On the 1st version of this show, contestants wore sneakers to run faster, ring the bell & give the answer Q: Name That Tune ~~~~~~~~~~ Game Shows ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Some departing "Jeopardy!" contestants have received this "San Francisco treat" Q: Rice-A-Roni $200 A: Game in which toss-up questions were thrown to campus combatants by Allen Ludden Q: College Bowl $300 A: "Just Men" had 7 keys & 1 of these, while "split second" had 1 key & 5 of these Q: Car $400 A: It's the number 1 show in the history of syndication Q: Wheel of Fortune $500 A: If Beulah the Buzzer beat the contestant to the "truth," he then had to pay this Q: Consequences ~~~~~ Games ~~~~~ $100 A: Monopoly players going there "do not pass go; do not collect $200" Q: Jail $200 A: On this game's wheel 0 & 00 are green; the rest of the numbers, red or black Q: Roulette $300 A: Number of red checkers in a checkers game Q: 12 $400 A: In chess, piece which starts to the right of the white king Q: Bishop $500 A: What the dice are called when 1 lands on the other Q: Cocked ~~~~~ Games ~~~~~ $100 A: Mumblety-pet is played by throwing this implement Q: Pocket Knife $200 A: In Monopoly, Atlantic Avenue is yellow & Pacific Avenue is this color Q: Greed $300 A: In a pinochle deck, each of the 4 suits has this many card Q: 12 $400 A: Board game in which a player can create a prime, a barrier of 6 points which an opponent cannot pass Q: Backgammon $500 A: Author J.R.R. Tolkien helped inspire Gary Gygax & Dave Arneson to invent this role-playing game Q: Dungeons & Dragons ~~~~~~~~~ Gardening ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As Mark Twain could probably tell you, this berry, also called tangleberry, has 10 hard seeds Q: Huckleberry $200 A: Onions can be grown from seeds, & like tulips, from these Q: Bulbs $300 A: Bark, cocoa hulls, hay, coffee grounds & straw can all be used as this type of plant protection Q: Mulch $400 A: A lath house is designed to keep your plants from getting too much of this Q: Sun $500 A: Bamboo is a member of this plant family Q: Grass ~~~~~~~~ Gay 90's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By 1897 they had air-filled tires, coaster brakes & adjustable handlebars Q: Bicycles $200 A: It sank in Havana Harbor & set off a war Q: Maine $300 A: On March 18, 1891, this mode of communication was introduced between London & Paris Q: Telephone $400 A: "40 whacks" or not, she was found not guilty in 1893 Q: Lizzie Borden $500 A: N.Y. restaurant owners called this bejeweled millionaire "the best 25 customers they ever had" Q: Diamond Jim Brady ~~~~~~~~ Generals ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Presidents Hayes, Garfield, & Benjamin Harrison were all generals in this war Q: Civil War $200 A: General who told Congress in 1951, "There is no substitute for victory" Q: Douglas MacArthur $300 A: Generals Lee, Sherman, Grant, Pershing & Patton have all had a type of these named after them Q: Tank $400 A: Though not even a U.S. citizen, he was made a major general in the American army at age 20 Q: Marquis De Lafayette $500 A: General Curtis Lemay was this man's running mate in 1968 Q: George Wallace ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Strait of Messina separates the Velebria region in the "Toe" of Italy from this island Q: Sicily $200 A: This state's largest city was named for the Viceroy of New Spain, the duke of Albuquerque Q: New Mexico $300 A: The Turkmen are a Turkic people who once had their own republic within this country Q: Soviet Union $400 A: The Plain of Sharon is the most densely populated area in this country Q: Israel $500 A: Cape Agulhas is this continent's southernmost point Q: Africa ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Located in Alaska, it's North America's highest point Q: Mount McKinley $200 A: It's across the Danube from pest Q: Buda $300 A: New Zealand, Midway & Hawaii are all part of this "many islands" group Q: Polynesia $400 A: The Netherlands, Belgium & this country make up the Benelux Economic Union Q: Luxembourg $500 A: Abu Dhabi & Dubai are 2 of the 7 states that make up this middle eastern federation Q: United Arab Emirates ~~~~~~~ Geology ~~~~~~~ $100 A: When it flows above the ground, magma is called this Q: Lava $200 A: Varieties of this gem include fire & black; the finest come from Australia Q: Opal $300 A: Created by perpetual snow, they move when weight on top causes bottom to flow Q: Glaciers $400 A: It's located above the "fire place" of the molten core & below the crust Q: Mantle $500 A: Descriptive of their formation, their principal categories are volcanic, block & folded Q: Mountains ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: There are nearly 13,000 people per square mile in this S.E. Asian British Colony Q: Hong Kong $200 A: What a Swiss state is called Q: Canton $300 A: "Land's End" is the westernmost point of this country Q: England $400 A: Country where you'd find kalgoorlie, ballarat & toowoomba Q: Australia $500 A: Most of "Zorba the Greek" takes place on this largest Greek isle Q: Crete ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Christmas, Easter or Bermuda, for example Q: Island $200 A: Europe's only wild monkeys live on this "rock" Q: Gibraltar $300 A: This royal kingdom, 1/3 the size of the U.S., has no rivers or lakes, but lots of oil Q: Saudi Arabia $400 A: The largest country entirely in Europe Q: France $500 A: Clocks in Lima, Peru read the same as those in this U.S. time zone Q: Eastern ~~~~~~ Ghosts ~~~~~~ $100 A: The 999 ghosts at the mansion in this Anaheim landmark say "there's always room for 1 more" Q: Disneyland $200 A: After he was Scrooge's business partner, he became the 1st ghost to appear in "A Christmas Carol" Q: Jacob Marley $300 A: Silver City, Idaho & Bodie, California, for example Q: Ghost Towns $400 A: In the Superman TV series, editor Perry White frequently invoked this spirit Q: Great Caesar's Ghost $500 A: In Shakespeare's play, the ghost who sat in Macbeth's place at the banquet table Q: Banquo ~~~~~~ Ghosts ~~~~~~ $100 A: In the U.S., it's traditionally the best night of the year to see ghosts Q: Halloween $200 A: Not surprisingly, this assassin is said to haunt Ford's theatre in Washington, D.C. Q: John Wilkes Booth $300 A: At Windsor castle, this Tudor queen supposedly haunts the queen's library Q: Elizabeth I $400 A: Shakespearean king visited by 11 ghosts of his victims before the battle of Bosworth Field Q: Richard III $500 A: A hideous Arabian ghost who steals corpses, it's come to mean any grave robber Q: Ghoul ~~~~~~ Ghosts ~~~~~~ $100 A: From German, meaning "knocking spirit," it's a mischievous, boisterous ghost Q: Poltergeist $200 A: Someone who "pinch hits" for another's autobiography Q: Ghost Writer $300 A: He & Bill Murray went from "Saturday Night Live" gutbusting to ghostbusting Q: Dan Aykroyd $400 A: 20's football star called the "galloping ghost" Q: Red Grange $500 A: Interested in psychic research while president, his ghost is said to haunt the White House Q: Abraham Lincoln ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Golden Oldies ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1961, Rick Nelson was a "travelin' man," Roy Orbison was "running scared," & Ray Charles was told to do this, Jack Q: Hit the Road $200 A: In the 1960's, "I Heard it Through the Grapevine" was a hit, once for Marvin Gaye & once for this group Q: Gladys Knight & the Pips $300 A: This 1st four seasons' hit went all the way to number 1, baby Q: Sherry $400 A: "Moon River" & this other 1961 hit both have "River" & "Moo" in their titles Q: Moody River $500 A: Freddy Cannon top 10 hit featuring the Florida capital in its title Q: Tallahassee Lassie ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Great Thinkers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 19th century German author of "Thus Spake Zarathustra" Q: Nietzsche $200 A: While prisoner of the Germans in WWII, this French existentialist wrote some of his greatest work Q: Jean Paul Sartre $300 A: Greek philosopher whose works were the basis for most scientific study well into the 17th century Q: Aristotle $400 A: French soldier & mathematician whose motto was, "I think therefore I am" Q: Rene Descartes $500 A: This 17th century Dutch Jew was excommunicated from his synagogue for independent thinking Q: Baruch Spinoza ~~~~ H.H. ~~~~ $100 A: This playboy married one of his playboy centerfolds Q: Hugh Hefner $200 A: The billionaire in Terry Moore's "The Beauty and the Billionaire" Q: Howard Hughes $300 A: She is called "The 1st lady of the American stage" Q: Helen Hayes $400 A: Along with Muskie, he lost to Nixon-Agnew in '68 Q: Hubert Humphrey $500 A: Meredith's "Music Man" Q: Harold Hill ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ H'Wood Marriage ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Mike Todd's son was best man when she married Eddie Fisher Q: Elizabeth Taylor $200 A: She's the wife of actor Maxwell Caulfield & the daughter of sir John Mills Q: Juliet Mills $300 A: Matt Lattanzi, who played a small role in "Grease 2" married this star of "Grease" No. 1 Q: Olivia Newton-John $400 A: He might have sung his own song, "What Kind of Fool am I?" when he got divorced from Joan Collins Q: Anothony Newley $500 A: No longer married to Quincy Jones, this "Mod Squad" star has returned to acting Q: Peggy Lipton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Lionel Barrymore, Christopher Lee & Tom Baker have all played this mad monk on film Q: Rasputin $200 A: Empress Sophie the Great didn't sound right, so she changed her name to this in 1762 Q: Catherine $300 A: "The lady with the lamp" Q: Florence Night Ingale $400 A: This great violin maker's 1st name was Antonio & his last name didn't originally end in "us" Q: Stradivari $500 A: His dime novels made Buffalo Bill legendary Q: Ned Buntline ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Landing on Leyte in 1944, he said, "I have returned" Q: General Douglas Macarthur $200 A: Supposedly descended from a gray wolf, this macho Mongol acquired his famous title in 1206 Q: Genghis Khan $300 A: In 1869, she said, "join the union, girls, and together say 'equal pay for equal work'" Q: Susan B. Anthony $400 A: Reigning from 37-41 A.D., he thought himself Alexander, Caesar & God Q: Caligula $500 A: First lady whose cousin Dorothea Dandridge was Patrick Henry's 2nd wife Q: Martha Washington ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1872 the 1st mail order catalog was issued by this man's company, not sears Q: Aaron Montgomery Ward $200 A: Illinois senator who held Lincoln's hat during his st inaugural address in Washington Q: Stephen Douglas $300 A: In 1946, this "little flower" served as director general of the U.N. relief & rehab admin. Q: Fidrello La Guardia $400 A: Called "the Sam Adams of Virginia," he took a fatal dose of Mercury in 1799 trying to cure a severe ailment Q: Patrick Henry $500 A: While an Ohio congressman, he was elected both senator & president in 1880 Q: James A. Garfield ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Places ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In ancient times, criminals were thrown from the south face of this city's Capitoline hill Q: Rome $200 A: It was completed between 221-207 B.C. under the rule of emperor Shih Huang- Ti Q: Great Wall of China $300 A: One of the bloodiest battles in U.S. history was fought on this island, also known as "Naka Iwo" Q: Iwo Jima $400 A: In the 1880's gold was found in this island group, called "Land of Fire" by Magellan Q: Tierra Del Fuego $500 A: Located between Pakistan & Afghanistan, this 33-mile mountain gap was famous in the annals of British India Q: Khyber Pass ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The decision was mine alone," said Truman of the use of this monumental item in 1945 Q: Atom Bomb $200 A: Jefferson said, "the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with" this "of patriots" Q: The Blood $300 A: In 1938, this prime minister said the Munich Pact brought "peace for our time" Q: Neville Chamberlain $400 A: Marx & Engels wrote, in "the communist manifesto," "proletarians have nothing to lose but" these Q: Their Chains $500 A: In an Irish election campaign in 1790, John Philpot Curran said this "is the price of liberty" Q: Eternal Vigilance ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historical Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "He is his own worst enemy" was said 1st by Cicero about this Roman leader Q: Julius Caesar $200 A: In 1500, he asked to "be judged as a captain who went..." the the Indies to conquer a people" Q: Christopher Columbus $300 A: President who said, "this nation... has man's 1st chance to build a great society" Q: Lyndon Johnson $400 A: Irish revolutionary John Curran is said to be the 1st to say this "is the price of liberty" Q: Eternal Vigilance $500 A: "We are in a period... of cold peace," said this secretary general of the U.N. Q: Trygve Lie ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This nation's conquistadors called the new world "El Dorado" Q: Spain $200 A: Signal to kill a vanquished gladiator, it imitated a sword thrust Q: Thumbs Down $300 A: Century of both American & French revolutions Q: 18th $400 A: The treaty of Vereeniging ended this conflict, which was more interesting than it sounded Q: Boer War $500 A: The number of days between Napoleon's return from Elba & his final defeat Q: 100 ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Omar Khayyam's Ancient Iran Q: Persia $200 A: Ancient Yucatan tribe that had no schools but were excellent astronomers Q: Maya $300 A: In 1938, the Munich agreement allowed Germany to partition this country Q: Czechoslovakia $400 A: British prime minister who crowned queen Victoria "Empress of India" Q: Benjamin Disraeli $500 A: George Washington surprised these mercenary troops after crossing the Delaware on December 25, 1776 Q: Hessians ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1502, he made his 4th & final voyage to the new world Q: Christopher Columbus $200 A: In 1997, ownership of this British colony reverts to China Q: Hong Kong $300 A: After 35 ballots, the house broke an electoral tie to make him president in 1801 Q: Thomas Jefferson $400 A: She did a "hatch job" on bars & saloons in 1900 Q: Carrie Nation $500 A: This settlement was established by Antoine Cadillac on July 24, 1701 Q: Detroit ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1790, mutineers from this ship settled on Pitcairn Island Q: Bounty $200 A: The term "Cold War" was used in the 30's to describe this country's conquering of nations with little fighting Q: Germany $300 A: Forcing a Treaty in 1883, this nation gained control of Vietnam for almost 70 years Q: France $400 A: In 1689, China signed its 1st Treaty with this neighbor defining their border Q: Russia $500 A: In 1867, these 2 European nations became a dual monarchy under Franz Joseph Q: Austria & Hungary ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1867, when it was sold to the U.S. for $7.2 million, only 30,000 people lived there Q: Alaska $200 A: After a revolt failed in 1834, Garibaldi fled overseas to this continent to fight in a guerrilla war Q: South America $300 A: In 1930, he made the news when he broke the law by making salt from sea water Q: Mohandes Gandhi $400 A: The 1st reigning queen of the English House of Tudor Q: Bloody Mary I $500 A: The need to transport salt from Syracuse, N.Y. was on of the main reasons this was built in the 1800's Q: Eree Canal ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter the hermit preached the first of these Christian vs. Muslim wars in 1095 Q: Crusades $200 A: N. Y. landmark dedicated Oct. 18, 1886 Q: Statue of Liberty $300 A: From 1937-45, Chiang Kai-Shek & Mao Tse-Tung joined forces to fight them Q: Japanese $400 A: 13,000 houses were destroyed but no one died in this city's "Great Fire of 1666" Q: London $500 A: Batu Khan's Mongol Empire named for the color of his tent Q: Golden Horde ~~~~~~~~~ Hitchcock ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The film in which Nutty Norman Bates was a real cut-up Q: Psycho $200 A: He starred in "Notorious," "Suspicion," & "North by Northwest" Q: Cary Grant $300 A: He played the killer James Stewart saw through the "rear window" Q: Raymond Burr $400 A: Hitchcock's 1st American movie, in which the title character never appears Q: Rebecca $500 A: This Doris Day movie wasn't his best, but "que sera, sera" Q: The Man Who Knew Too Much ~~~~~~~~~~ Hodgepodge ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The original "Peeping Tom" supposedly saw her ride Q: Lady Godiva $200 A: At the Berlin Wall, this American immortalized the words, "Ich Bin Eim Berliner" Q: John F. Kennedy $300 A: Name of the national park famous for "Faithful" aquatic eruptions Q: Yellowstone $400 A: Despite its verdant name, this large island is primarily icecap Q: Greenland $500 A: It was really in battle, not in bed, as in the play, that he killed Duncan Q: MacBeth ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Holidays & Observances ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Americans of Italian descent have made this their equivalent of St. Patrick's Day Q: Columbus Day $200 A: Though we "love" his February "day," he's been taken off the calendar of saints Q: St Valentine $300 A: The eve of all saint's day Q: Halloween $400 A: Round loaves called "dead men's bread" are sold on the day of the dead in this Central American country Q: Mexico $500 A: Missouri observes this president's birthday on May 8th Q: Harry Truman ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Holidays & Observances ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Punxsutawney Phil is best known for his appearance on this day Q: Groundhog Day $200 A: Chinese new year celebrations features dancers costumed as lions & these mythical beasts Q: Dragons $300 A: A horse race & parade are features of the Palio Del Corso, held semi- annually since 1482 in Siena in this country Q: Italy $400 A: April 18 is independence day in this African country, formerly Rhodesia Q: Zimbabwe $500 A: When observance of his birthday began, some celebrated it on February 11, some on February 22 Q: George Washington ~~~~~~ Horses ~~~~~~ $100 A: A foal's mother, or a beaver's handiwork Q: Dam $200 A: Most males have 40, females 36 Q: Teeth $300 A: Where on a horse you find the frog, bar & wall Q: Hoof $400 A: From French to "train," it's the series of maneuvers using passage, piaffer & pirouette Q: Dresaage $500 A: It's the leading horse-raining country in the world Q: China ~~~~~~~~~~ Hot "Tips" ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Tune which put tiny Tim on the charts Q: Tiptoe Through the Tulips $200 A: Guest towels are also balled by this "handy" name Q: Fingertip Towels $300 A: She felt a little peckish in "the birds" Q: Tippi Hedren $400 A: Could have been an 1840 presidential bumper sticker Q: Tippecande & Tyler Too $500 A: War-song locale to which it was a long, long way Q: Tipperary ~~~~~~~~~~ Hot Movies ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Irwin Allen's tall tale that went up in smoke Q: Towering Inferno $200 A: Kurt Russell played himself & his father in this 1991 scorcher Q: Backdraft $300 A: The male stars tested their disguises for this 1959 film by visiting the studio's ladies room Q: Some Like It Hot $400 A: Words were heated when Truffaut filmed this Bradbury novel Q: Fahrenheit 451 $500 A: The first movie that newlyweds Newman & Woodward made together Q: The Long Hot Summer ~~~~~~ Hotels ~~~~~~ $100 A: National chain of hotels often referred to as "hojo's" Q: Howard Johnson $200 A: In 1977, the Eagles checked into the #1 spot on the charts with this song Q: Hotel California $300 A: California's famous ahwahnee hotel is in the heart of this national park Q: Yosemite $400 A: This payment plan includes both lodging & meals Q: American Plan $500 A: In 1954, Conrad Hilton wrote checks for $97 million to purchase this entire hotel chain Q: Statler Hotels ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Human Vision ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: People with this deficiency get mad & can't see red Q: Color Blindness $200 A: Snooty specs on a stick Q: Lorgnette $300 A: Called hyperopia, it's the opposite of myopia Q: Farsightedness $400 A: These were first made in 1887 by German physiologist A.E. Fick Q: Contact Lenses $500 A: You have to keep an eye on this M.D. Q: Ophthalmologist ~~~~~~~ Hunting ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dog breed used to flush rabbits from cover, though Snoopy prefers big game Q: Beagles $200 A: The Dall, Stone & Desert Bighorn are North American species of this game animal Q: Sheep $300 A: Snares, pitfalls & baits are used in this very old method of hunting Q: Trapping $400 A: After the kill, you do this to game with a knife, not high heels & an evening gown Q: Dressing $500 A: These aiming lines in a scope are sometimes made of spider web Q: Crosshairs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If Words Could Kill ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York newspaper that prints a weekly best-seller list Q: Times $200 A: Author of best-seller "The Firm" & "The Pelican Brief" Q: John Grisham $300 A: Author of best-sellers "H is for Homicide" & "I is for Innocent" Q: Sue Grafton $400 A: Author of best-seller "Oh! The Places You'll Go" Q: Dr Seuss $500 A: Author of best-seller "All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten" Q: Robert Fulghum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Imaginary Islands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sir Thomas More created this idyllic island 15 miles off the coast of the Americas Q: Utopia $200 A: Friday's Beach is one of several beaches on this character's island in the Atlantic Q: Robinson Crusoe $300 A: Supposedly near Mexico, its name comes from captain Flint's Booty buried there Q: Treasure Island $400 A: This monstrous animal came to New York from Skull Island, southwest of Sumatra Q: King Kong $500 A: "The island of the busy bees" is in the Tyrrhenian Sea in this children's classic by Carlo Collodi Q: Pinocchio ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In The Dictionary ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Originally a nickname for Robert, a "Dobbin" is 1 of these animals Q: Horse $200 A: An intense feeling of repugnance & fear, or the genre of film that makes you experience it Q: Horror $300 A: This word for an elephant or a rhino comes from the Greek for "thick skin" Q: Pachyderm $400 A: From the Latin "Fuscare," to darken, this verb means to confuse or make obscure Q: Obfuscate $500 A: The act of process of proving a will Q: Probate ~~~~~~~~ Initials ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "C" in S.P.C.A. stands for this Q: Cruelty $200 A: The initials W.C. on a British lavatory stand for this Q: Water Closet $300 A: The initials of America's oldest Civil Rights Organization Q: NAACP $400 A: The initials BTU stand for this thermodynamics Q: British Thermal Unit $500 A: The "E" in BPOE represents this word Q: Elks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Insect Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A comedian might find one in his soup Q: Fly $200 A: A police special weapons team or what you do to a pesky mosquito Q: Swat $300 A: Completes a Ben Franklin phrase: "here skugg lies snug..." Q: As a Bug in a Bug $400 A: This beetle, named for an eastern country, was first spotted in the U.S. in 1916 in New Jersey Q: Japanese Beetle $500 A: Balls of naphthalene are protection against them Q: Moths ~~~~~~~ Insects ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This "fever" carried by ticks is actually more prevalent in the Appalachians than it is out west Q: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever $200 A: This disease carrier poses the greatest health threat to humans of all insects worldwide Q: Mosquito $300 A: These bees who do nothing but fertilize queens have the shortest life span of any bee, 4 weeks Q: Drones $400 A: Found on land, not in the water, this "colorful" insect feeds on anything starchy Q: Silverfish $500 A: An insect's body consists of a thorax and these other 2 parts Q: Head & Abdomen ~~~~~~~ Insects ~~~~~~~ $100 A: All workers in an ant colony are this sex Q: Female $200 A: Named for the color of scales on its body, this insect loves to eat cereal, glue & your starched clothes Q: Silverfish $300 A: This "regal" bees sometimes fight until one stings the other to death Q: Queen Bees $400 A: The most formidable of man's insect foes is this ubiquitous "musca domestica" Q: Housefly $500 A: The appropriately named largest North American wasp, which hunts tarantulas like a bird of prey Q: Tarantula Hawk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ International Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These Chinese dumplings are commonly served in soup or fried as a side dish Q: Wontons $200 A: Hungarian Goulash is traditionally seasoned with this powdered pepper Q: Paprika $300 A: Temales are sometimes steamed in banana leaves but are usually wrapped in these Q: Corn Husks $400 A: This chicken dish made with noodles, cheese & cream sauce was named for an Italian opera singer Q: Chicken Tetrazzini $500 A: Served on meat, Maitre D'Hotel butter contains salt, pepper, parsley & this juice Q: Lemon Juice ~~~~~~~~~~ Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Marconi's Wonderful Wireless Q: Radio $200 A: In 1869, an American minister created this "Oriental" transport Q: Rickshaw $300 A: Clarence Birdeye's 1920's hunting trip to Canada inspired this method of food preservation Q: Freezing $400 A: This fastener gets its name from a brand of galoshes it was used on Q: Zipper $500 A: Designed over 100 years before airplanes to save people who jumped from burning buildings Q: Parachute ~~~~~~~~~~ Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He invented the Franklin Stove Q: Benjamin Franklin $200 A: 2160 people at a time could ride on this at the 1893 Chicago world's fair Q: Ferris Wheel $300 A: Edison suggested it be used to record phone calls & make clocks talk Q: Phonograph $400 A: The first patent issued to more than one person went to Howe, Hunt & Singer for this Q: Sewing Machine $500 A: He invented the Polaroid camera introduced in 1947 Q: Edwin Land ~~~~~~~~~~ Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It is generally believed that gunpowder was invented in this country Q: China $200 A: Himself blind, he modified a military secret code to invent writing for the blind Q: Louis Braille $300 A: Willis Carrier's 1902 invention Q: Air Conditioner $400 A: Not surprisingly, he invented the disposable blade safety razor Q: King Gillette $500 A: Though his name is also associated with blades, he invented the electric shaver Q: Jacob Schick ~~~~~~~~~ Inventors ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Despite only 3 months of formal schooling, he patented 1,093 inventions Q: Thomas Alva Edison $200 A: Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes out of remorse for having invented this Q: Dynamite $300 A: Inventor of the revolver, his "peacemaker" helped win the west Q: Samuel Colt $400 A: Unable to make money on his patent for vulcanized rubber, he died $200,000 in debt Q: Charles Goodyear $500 A: Italian inventor of the thermometer, better known as an astronomer of the renaissance Q: Galileo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Inventors & Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "Book of Inventions" says the rolex "oyster" was the 1st watch that was completely this Q: Waterproof $200 A: In 1948, Peter Goldmark devised this, usually abbreviated "LP" Q: Long-Playing Record $300 A: It's claimed element no. 102 was 1st isolated at the Swedish Institute named for this inventor Q: Alfred Nobel $400 A: As a teenager, he invented an automatic surgical stapler, & later perfected an artificial heart Q: Dr. Robert Jarvik $500 A: In the 18th century, this city in England produced the 1st steel razors Q: Sheffield ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Largest island off Alaska's Pacific coast; the largest bear on Earth lives on & is named after it Q: Kodiak Island $200 A: Papuans call this large island home Q: New Guinea $300 A: Site of heavy action in WW II, the very small island of Corregidor is part of this country Q: The Philippines $400 A: European country whose explorers discovered Borneo & the Madeiras about 500 years ago Q: Portugal $500 A: The island of Eniwetok & the Bikini Atoll are part of this Pacific island group Q: Marshall Islands ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st communist state in the western hemisphere Q: Cuba $200 A: In 1953, it was declared an integral part of Denmark Q: Greenland $300 A: Island country where you'll find the Maoris speaking Maori Q: New Zealand $400 A: While Big Diomede belongs to Russia, Little Diomede belongs to this country Q: United States $500 A: Japan's largest city, highest mountain & largest lake are located on this, its largest island Q: Honshu ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Papillon, the French "butterfly," was netted and imprisoned on this island Q: Devil's Island $200 A: A cloud of ash circled the Earth when most of this volcanic island was obliterated in an 1883 explosion Q: Krakatoa $300 A: Its name is Spanish for "pelican" but its inhabitants called it "the rock" Q: Alcatraz $400 A: This African island, home to most of the world's lemurs, was once a base for Captain Kidd Q: Madagascar $500 A: Point Udall, in this island group, is called the easternmost American point in the Western Hemisphere Q: Virgin Islands ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The name of this atoll is synonymous with atomic blasts & atom-sized swimsuits Q: Bikini $200 A: Caribbean group between St. Vincent & Grenada Q: Grenadines $300 A: The only New York City borough not on an island Q: The Bronx $400 A: Campobello Island, FDR's summer home, is in this country Q: Canada $500 A: A visit to this Ecuadorian island group inspired Darwin's research Q: Galapagos ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: State where you can "lei" in the sun Q: Hawaii $200 A: An Indonesian island or slang for coffee Q: Java $300 A: Original nest of Sam Spade's falcon Q: Malta $400 A: Herve Villechaize used to hang out on this TV island, boss Q: Fantasy Island $500 A: Sir Lanka's old name that didn't suit it to a "tea" Q: Ceylon ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York's boroughs of Brooklyn & Queens are on this island Q: Long Island $200 A: There are actually over 1700 in this St. Lawrence River group Q: Thousands Islands $300 A: State named after a Greek island Q: Rhode Island $400 A: In the late '50's China shelled the islands of Quemoy & Matsu which belong to this country Q: Taiwan $500 A: Animal for which the Canary Islands are named Q: Dog ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Kitty Hawk, site of the 1st airplane flight, is on Bodie Island in this state Q: North Carolina $200 A: It's West, not "East of Java" Q: Krakatoa $300 A: Victoria is the main city on this island in British Columbia Q: Vancouver $400 A: The largest island city in Texas Q: Galveston $500 A: West Indian island that's the home of the limbo dance & calypso music Q: Trinidad ~~~~~ Italy ~~~~~ $100 A: Oddly, most Italian communists are still member of this religion Q: Roman Catholic $200 A: French emperor who redesigned the Italian flag to resemble his own Q: Napoleon $300 A: This 23-square mile republic is located completely with Italy, NW of Rome Q: San Marino $400 A: For 5 years this Italian revolutionary lived in Staten Island, New York Q: Garibaldi $500 A: Ironically, he was named after Mexican liberator Juarez Q: Benito Mussolini ~~~~~~~~~~ Journalism ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It claims to provide "all the news that's fit to print" Q: New York Times $200 A: Syndicated advice columnist whose poll indicated 72% of women prefer cuddling to love making Q: Ann Landers $300 A: "Jingo Journalism" promoted our going to war against this country in 1898 Q: Spain $400 A: Newsweek commented on "the power of the press" when Barbara Bain's dog was killed by a copy of this heavy paper Q: Los Angeles Times $500 A: The Chicago Daily Defender & the L.A. Sentinel are aimed primarily at these readers Q: Blacks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kiddie Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After the ogre turned himself into one of these, puss in boots ate him Q: Mouse $200 A: He was "bred and born in a brier patch" Q: Brer Rabbit $300 A: In the Hans Christian Andersen Tale, she was born inside a tulip-like flower Q: Thumbelina $400 A: One version say she slept in the hearth; another, that she used to sit in the chimney corner Q: Cinderella $500 A: Where 3 darling children & Peter Pan "always always" fly Q: Never-Never Land ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kiddie Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's Theodor Geisel's middle name, as the cat in the hat could tell you Q: Seuss $200 A: In "Sing a Song of Sixpence," one of these snapped off the maid's nose Q: Blackbird $300 A: He was carved out of a stick of talking wood found by Master Cherry Q: Pinocchio $400 A: 1st book in Latin to make the U.S. best-seller lists was a translation of this A.A. Milne classic Q: Winnie the Pooh $500 A: If you "ride a cockhorse to Banbury Cross," you're see this "upon a white horse" Q: Fine Lady ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kiddie Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born to human parents, E.B. White's Stuart Little is this kind of animal Q: Mouse $200 A: The emperor's new clothes were made of this Q: Nothing $300 A: Fabulous Lion of children's books by C.S. Lewis Q: Aslan $400 A: In the story he traded his cat for a treasure; in reality he was a 3-term lord mayor of London Q: Dick Whittington $500 A: When this bunny stated, "you should say what you mean," Alice replied, "at least I mean what I say" Q: March Hare ~~~~~~~~~ Kid Stuff ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Pied Piper's tune lured the children from this town Q: Hamelin $200 A: As cubs are to scouts, as brownies are to Girl Scouts, these are to Camp Fire Girls Q: Blue Birds $300 A: Its championship games are held in Williamsport, PA, where it was founded Q: Little League $400 A: He was superboy's "dog of steel" Q: Krypto $500 A: When kids play this in England, they jump on 2 legs & hold the "puck" between their feet Q: Hopscotch ~~~~~~~~~~~ Kids' Books ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Walter Farley's series about an ebony equine Q: Black Beauty $200 A: Pen name for Theodore Geisel Q: Dr. Seuss $300 A: Reading his saga could become a "hobbit" Q: J.R.T. Tolkien $400 A: She's Carolyn Keene's sleuthing teen Q: Nancy Drew $500 A: She "blossomed" into adult literature with "wifey" in 1978 Q: Judy Blume ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kings & Queens ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hers was the longest reign in English history Q: Queen Victoria $200 A: To learn about building a navy, this "great' Czar worked as a ship carpenter in Holland Q: Peter the Great $300 A: Louis XVIII became king of France after this ruler's exile in 1814 Q: Napoleon Bonaparte $400 A: James II fled England in the "glorious revolution" of 1688, & they became joint sovereigns Q: William & Mary $500 A: Illiterate himself, this great Frankish ruler founded a palace school & attended it with his children Q: Charlemagne ~~~~~~~~~ Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Paris' cathedral of Notre Dame is on an island in this river Q: Seine $200 A: Number of pyramids at Giza in Egypt Q: 3 $300 A: "Here rests in honored glory an American soldier known but to God" is inscribed on the tomb of this Q: Unknown Soldier $400 A: This admiral's statue stands atop a column in London's Trafalgar square Q: Horatio Nelson $500 A: If you're standing on Mt. Fuji you're on this island Q: Honshu ~~~~~~~~~ Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: On the Vienna Memorial to this composer, the figures represent his 9 symphonies Q: Ludwig Von Beethoven $200 A: You have to lie down atop a castle & hang your head over the wall if you want to kiss this Q: Blarney Stone $300 A: In the 1830's, part of this palace became a museum dedicated "to all the glories of France" Q: Versailles $400 A: The coronation throne of England is in the chapel of Edward the confessor int his building Q: Westminster Abbey $500 A: This museum by the Hudson houses the Metropolitan museum's collection of medieval art Q: Cloisters ~~~~~~~~~ Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Topkapi Palace in this city boasts the world's finest collection of Chinese Porcelain Q: Istanbul $200 A: The Atomic Bomb Memorial Dome, a building left unrebuilt after WW II, is a peace symbol in this city Q: Hiroshima $300 A: The ancient & honorable artillery company, the oldest military org. in the U.S., meets in this Boston landmark Q: Faneuil Hall $400 A: The Spanish steps aren't in Madrid, but in this world capital Q: Rome $500 A: On 1/22/05 troops of Nicholas II shot 100's of demonstrators in front of this Leningrad landmark Q: Winter Palace ~~~~~~~~~ Languages ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The words boss, cookie dope & waffle came from these early settlers in what is now New York Q: Dutch $200 A: Khmer is the official language of this country Q: Kampuchea $300 A: Modern standard Chinese is usually called Northern Chinese or this Q: Mandarin Chinese $400 A: Erse was the Scottish form of this language Q: Gaelic $500 A: This word described a form of Latin once spoken in France; now it means any Latin-based tongue Q: Romance ~~~~~~~~~ Languages ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Flemish language of Flanders, Belgium is actually this language Q: Dutch $200 A: Our words alcohol, alfalfa & algebra come from this language in which "al" means "the" Q: Arabic $300 A: Most people on Gibraltar speak these 2 languages Q: English & Spanish $400 A: The great poet Rabindranath Tagore wrote in this language, most common in Bangladesh Q: Bengali $500 A: Revived in modern times, it's the only colloquial speech based on a written language Q: Hebrew ~~~~~~~~~ Languages ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The official language of Iraq Q: Arabic $200 A: This country's constitution recognizes 15 languages, including Urdu & Punjabi, but not English Q: India $300 A: Johanna Spyri wrote "Heidi" in this language Q: German $400 A: Guiness says the most multilingual person alive is Georges Schmidt former chief of terminology here Q: United Nations $500 A: The only Central American country that has English as an official language Q: Belize ~~~~~~~~~~ Last Lines ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jules Verne classic that closes, "only 2 men have the right to answer: Captain Nemo & myself" Q: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea $200 A: Film in which Edward G. Robinson's dying words are, "Mother of mercy, is this the end of Rico?" Q: Little Caesar $300 A: At the end of this beat classic, Jack Kerouac writes, "I think of dean Moriarty" Q: On the Road $400 A: "This is Ensign Pulver, now what's all this crap about no movie tonight?" Q: Mister Roberts $500 A: Character who asks at the close, "Eliza? Where the devil are my slippers?" Q: Professor Henry Higgins ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: A 2nd prosecution for the same offense, or the 2nd round of this game Q: Double Jeopardy $200 A: It's measured in degrees, all of which are deadly Q: Murder $300 A: An amendment is to the constitution as this is to a will Q: Codicil $400 A: To avoid litigation, this type of insurance or divorce avoids affixing blame Q: No-Fault $500 A: While a summons asks nicely, this demands you appearance in court Q: Subpoena ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: A law that sets a time frame for filing lawsuits or prosecuting crimes in a statute of these Q: Limitations $200 A: Testimony of a witness unable to appear in court is an affidavit or this Q: Deposition $300 A: Latin for "you shall have the body," its application protects against illegal imprisonment Q: Habeas Corpus $400 A: Under English law in the middle ages, these women couldn't be charged with crimes Q: Wives $500 A: An unwitnessed will written by a person in his own handwriting, from Greek for "writing" Q: Holographic Will ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: Works whose copyrights have expired have "fallen into" this Q: Public Domain $200 A: While slander is spoken, a case of defamatory words written or printed is called this Q: Libel $300 A: The only state whose basic law is not based on British common law but on the Napoleonic code Q: Louisiana $400 A: On the site of Newgate Prison, London's central criminal court is commonly called this Q: Old Bailey $500 A: The 1896 Plessy vs Ferguson decision declared this illegal Q: Segregation ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: An attorney named Scheuster probably inspired this nickname for a dishonest lawyer Q: Shyster $200 A: "Justice is incidental to law and order" said this former FBI chief Q: J. Edgar Hoover $300 A: Civil law in France & Louisiana is based on his code Q: Napoleon $400 A: Riparian rights pertain to the use of this substance Q: Water $500 A: Last name of the "Learned" judge who sat on the Federal bench longer than any other Q: Hand ~~~~~~~~~ Leftovers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: All U.S. currency carries this motto Q: In God We Trust $200 A: Thomas Jefferson was our 1st president born under this sign, the 1st of the zodiac Q: Aries $300 A: The plot of this film comedy revolves around a coke bottle that is dropped from a plan over Botswana Q: The Gods Must Be Crazy $400 A: Long before baseball was invented, Indians built dugouts, which they used as these Q: Canoes $500 A: The Miss America pageant stopped giving this award for friendliness in 1974 Q: Miss Congeniality ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Letter Perfect ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: NBC sci-fi series about alien lizards invading earth Q: V $200 A: On TV, letter on miss Defazio's blouse Q: L $300 A: Letter reversed in the name of what a giraffe calls "the world's biggest toy store" Q: R $400 A: 1930 film where Peter Lorre plays a child murderer Q: M $500 A: In music, the seventh tone in the diatonic scale of C Q: B ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Literary Classics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Glumdalclitch was a friendly 9-year-old who took care of him in Brobdingnag Q: Lemuel Gulliver $200 A: This English author created Simon Tapertit, John Wemmick, Mr. Turveydrop & Mr. Tulkinghorn Q: Charles Dickens $300 A: Eugene O'Neill play about a black man who's managed to become ruler of a west Indian island Q: The Emperor Jones $400 A: King Priam's daughter, she was blessed with the gift of prophecy, but condemned by Apollo to be disbelieved Q: Cassandra $500 A: Among his characters are Charles Strickland, Philip Carey & Sadie Thompson Q: W. Somerset Maugham ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Literary Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Isn't it pretty to think so" is the last line of this author's "The Sun Also Rises" Q: Ernest Hemingway $200 A: T.S. Eliot wrote, "in the room the women come and go, talking of" this artist Q: Michelangelo $300 A: She said, "there's no room for deathless prose in the novel"; she proved it with "Valley of the Dolls" Q: Jacqueline Susann $400 A: Long before Perry Como sang "Put it in Your Pocket," Donne said, "go and catch it" Q: Falling Star $500 A: Witty woman who wrote "men seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses" Q: Dorothy Parker ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the novel, the strange "Portrait" of this man was painted by Basil Hallward Q: Dorigan Gray $200 A: The 1st appearance in print of this hard-boiled detective was in 1939 in "The Big Sleep" Q: Philip Marlowe $300 A: Lucie Manette is the heroine of this novel Q: A tale of two cities $400 A: In John Webster's play, a Steward named Antonio is secretly married to "The Duchess of" this Q: Malfi $500 A: Last name of Sinclair Lewis' title character Samuel, whose life is changed by a trip to Europe Q: Dodsworth ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Napoleon's invasion of Russia was the subject of this Tolstoy epic Q: War & Peace $200 A: He gave Walter Mitty a secret life Q: James Thurber $300 A: The long film "Apocalypse Now" was adapted from this short Joseph Conrad novel Q: Heart of Darkness $400 A: "Imperialist" author who coined the phrase "the sun never set on the British empire" Q: Rudyard Kipling $500 A: Ayn Rand's architect designed, then destroyed this title complex Q: The Fountainhead ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To supplement his income, this M.D. wrote "a study in scarlet" Q: Arthur Conan Doyle $200 A: Pseudonym of poet George William Russell, or 1st initials of poet Housman Q: A.E. $300 A: Her father assumed the name Barrett when he inherited slave plantations in the West Indies Q: Elizabeth Barrett Browning $400 A: Angered by American piracies of his novels, he put down the U.S. in his "Martin Chuzzlewit" Q: Charles Dickens $500 A: His "modest proposal" of 1729 was to cure Ireland's overpopulation by using babies as food Q: Jonathan Swift ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The novel that features big brother, who's watching you Q: 1984 $200 A: Peg-legged pirate in "Treasure Island" Q: Long John Silver $300 A: Of bacon, hogg or lamb the one who wrote "a dissertation upon roast pig" Q: Lamb $400 A: Shakespearean comedy whose original title was said to be "the history of error" Q: The Comedy of Errors $500 A: Its sequels were "Men Against the Sea" and "Pitcairn's Island" Q: Mutiny on the Bounty ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Homeland of authors Goethe, Remarque & Schiller Q: Germany $200 A: While Edward Tudor is "the prince," Tom Canty is this other title character Q: Pauper $300 A: Philip Pirrip's nickname in Dickens' "Great Expectations" Q: Pip $400 A: She wrote "Ramona" out of concern for Native Americans Q: Helen Hunt Jackson $500 A: Author of "Madame Bovary," he was godfather to fellow writer Guy De Maupassant Q: Gustave Flaubert ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Author J.D. Wyss marooned this Swiss family on an island in 1813 Q: Robinsons $200 A: This play & film were based on Sholom Aleichem's tales of Tevye's daughters & Anatevka Q: The Fiddler on the Roof $300 A: Characters in this Dickens novel include Uriah Heep & Mr. Micawber Q: David Copperfield $400 A: It was the woman's gift to her husband in "The Gift of the Magi" Q: Watch Fob $500 A: Last name of Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy & Marmee in "Little Women" Q: March ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Alan Paton's "Cry the Beloved Country" is about race relations in this country Q: South Africa $200 A: Yiddish fabulist, the son & grandson of Rabbis Q: Isaac Bashevis Singer $300 A: Sisters Vanessa Bell & Virginia Woolf once lived on this London square which gave its name to a literary group Q: Bloomsbury $400 A: Amandine Aurore Dupin & Mary Ann Evans both chose literary Noms De Plume beginning with this male name Q: George $500 A: Shakespearean "mistress" who appears in "Henry IV," "Henry V," & "The Merry Wives of Windsor" Q: Quickly ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In his will, he left all his possessions to his "friend & benefactor, Edward Hyde" Q: Doctor Henry Jekyll $200 A: This dashing Margaret Mitchell character has been called "the most famous Charlestonian" Q: Rhett Butler $300 A: Poe wrote "The Thousand and Second Tale of" this "Arabian Nights" character Q: Scheherazade $400 A: Though Jay Gatsby loved her, she was "chain"ed to Tom Buchanan Q: Daisy Buchanan $500 A: Her last words to Alice were "off with her head" Q: Queen of Hearts ~~~~~~ London ~~~~~~ $100 A: Metropolitan London's police department Q: Scotland Yard $200 A: From the London borough of Hackney, a horse or person for hire Q: Hack $300 A: Previously a fortress, a palace & a prison, it now houses England's crown jewels Q: Tower of London $400 A: Outside the U.S., this airport is the world's busiest Q: Heathrow $500 A: Those born within the sound of the bells of St. Mary-Le-Bow are called these Q: Cockneys ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Experimental animal whose name has come to mean the subject of any experiment Q: Guinea Pig $200 A: Wild Aussie dog who feeds on the wallaby Q: Dingo $300 A: This rodent's name is German for "Hoarder" since he hoards food in his cheeks & storage chamber Q: Hamster $400 A: Sleepy "Alice in Wonderland" partygoer who was served as delicacy at Roman parties Q: Dormouse $500 A: When the males spar with one another, it's called "Necking" Q: Giraffes ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Warner Brothers' fragrant version is Pepe Le Pew Q: Skunk $200 A: Only mammal mothers produce this for their young Q: Milk $300 A: Prominent facial feature of the proboscis monkey Q: Nose $400 A: Opossums are the only members of this family of mammals native to N. America Q: Marsupials $500 A: Term describing bears or any animal which eats both meat & plants Q: Omnivorous ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Romans called this African beast a "tiger horse" Q: Zebra $200 A: The only flying mammal Q: Bat $300 A: A black panther is really the black version of this cat Q: Leopard $400 A: It plays dead to escape predators, but one was close friends with an alligator Q: Possum $500 A: The "blue" species of this mammal generates up to 500 H.P. with its tail Q: Whale ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In poor light, this sense in cats can be 6 times sharper than man's Q: Sight $200 A: Though classed as carnivores, these black & white "bears" primarily eat bamboo shoots Q: Pandas $300 A: Porpoises are the smallest toothed varieties of these Q: Whales $400 A: 1 variety of these armored creatures can be 5 feet long & weight 120 pounds Q: Armadillos $500 A: Female rabbits mate within 12 hours after each repetition of this life cycle event Q: Giving Birth ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though closely related to rabbits, they are generally larger & have longer ears Q: Hares $200 A: Livestock, not humans, are the most common victims of these bats who feed on blood Q: Vampire Bats $300 A: The females of this mammal order found mainly in Australia have twin wombs & birth passages Q: Marsupials $400 A: In Pierre Boulle's "Planet of the Apes," Zira & Cornelius are this type of ape Q: Chimpanzee $500 A: Deepest divers of all whales, this kind has been found at depths of 3,700 ft. Q: Sperm Whales ~~~~~~~~~~ Mark Twain ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His celebrated jumper from Calaveras country was one of these Q: Frog $200 A: The full name Twain's mother gave him Q: Samuel Langhorne Clemens $300 A: Huck Finn swore he'd never betray this runaway slave Q: Jim $400 A: It appeared in the skies the year he was born and the year he died Q: Halley's Comet $500 A: According to Twain, "the only animal that blushes... or needs to" Q: Man ~~~~ Math ~~~~ $100 A: The total price, in dollars and cents, of 5 "2-bit" haircuts Q: 1.25 $200 A: Total number of humps of 1 bactarian camel & 2 dromedaries Q: 4 $300 A: A googol is the number written as 1 followed by this many zeros Q: 100 $400 A: 1.73 is the approximate square root of this number Q: 3 $500 A: The next number in the series of 1, 3, 6, 10 Q: 15 ~~~~~~~~~~~ Mathematics ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the inverse of multiplication Q: Division $200 A: Unit of area used for sizes as small as the cross sections of an atom, it'd be tough to hit the broadside of one Q: Barn $300 A: It's a straight line having 1 point in common with a curve; you might go off on one Q: Tangent $400 A: Fulling spelling of the trigonometric function commonly abbreviated as "sin" Q: Sine $500 A: From Latin for "mother," it's the term for a rectangular array of numbers Q: Matrix ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Medical Myths ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Time, not this ground "stay-awake" drink, sobers people up Q: Coffee $200 A: Fried food or this candy bar staple do not really cause acne Q: Chocolate $300 A: Triggering stomach acid, milk can actually irritate, not soothe this stomach disorder Q: Ulcer $400 A: There is no real proof that eating this glutinous material makes nails strong Q: Gelatin $500 A: Taking salt tablets in hot weather may harm these renal organs Q: Kidneys ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Favorite Soap Opera disease characterized by memory loss Q: Amnesia $200 A: To a layman, it's "Lockjaw" Q: Tetanus $300 A: 2-letter "Factor" inherited in blood cells Q: RH $400 A: British sailors were called "Limeys" for the fruit they ate to ward off this disease Q: Scurby $500 A: From Latin "To please," medicine given just to humor a patient Q: Placebo ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What you are if you're myopic Q: Nearsighted $200 A: Ancient Chinese method of "needling" you into good health Q: Acupuncture $300 A: Doctors swear by his Greek oath Q: Hippocrates $400 A: A myocardial infarction is commonly known as this Q: Heart Attack $500 A: Miracle drug accidentally discovered in Alexander Fleming's petri dish Q: Penicillin ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Resistance to a particular disease, or exemption from prosecution Q: Immunity $200 A: Term for someone who receives treatment through hospital facilities, but doesn't stay there Q: Outpatient $300 A: Called the fontanel, it's where a baby's skull has yet to fust firmly Q: Soft Spot $400 A: Medicines sold by descriptive or chemical names, not by brand Q: Generic Drugs $500 A: Disease whose medical name is "Rubella" Q: German Measles ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Feared symptom of tetanus, it's become another name for it Q: Lockjaw $200 A: Greek physician who coined "chronic," "relapse" & "convalesce" Q: Hippocrates $300 A: Anti-malarial drug present in tonic water Q: Quinine $400 A: This Italian drew the 1st accurate drawings of the human anatomy in the late 1440's Q: Leonardo Da Vinci $500 A: Term for the scientific study of disease developed during the 1800's Q: Pathology ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Yellow fever & malaria are transmitted by these insects Q: Mosquitoes $200 A: Louis Pasteur developed an immunization for this diseas, aka hydrophobia Q: Rabies $300 A: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is better known as the disease which killed this ballplayer Q: Lou Gehrig $400 A: Though ether has discovered long before, it wasn't until the 19th century that it was used for this Q: Anesthesia $500 A: In 1895, Iowa merchant Daniel Palmer founded a form of this physical therapy which means "hand effective" Q: Chiropractic ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A patient who is febrile has one of these Q: Fever $200 A: A recent study indicates that working long hours at these computer stations may cause vision problems Q: Video Data Terminals $300 A: The saphenous vein, located in this part of the body, has been commonly used in bypass surgery Q: Leg $400 A: A deficiency of this vitamin is a cause of night blindness, so eat your carrots Q: Vitamin A $500 A: Named for a Connecticut town, this disease is transmitted by ticks Q: Lyme Disease ~~~~~~ Mexico ~~~~~~ $100 A: From French for "marriage," it's a strolling group of troubadours Q: Mariachis $200 A: Aztecs founded the city of Tenochtitlan on the site where they saw an eagle with this in its beak Q: Snake $300 A: The political foe of Santa Anna 1st met him while waiting on him in a restaurant Q: Benito Juarez $400 A: Taxco, where all buildings must be in colonial style, is famed for products made of this Q: Silver $500 A: Though left with only 3 men, Pancho Villa successfully eluded this American general Q: John Pershing ~~~~~~ Mexico ~~~~~~ $100 A: Most widely grown crop in Mexico Q: Corn $200 A: In the 19th century, Mexico lost over a half million square miles of territory to this country Q: United States $300 A: Former president Lopez Portillo traces his ancestry back to a soldier who came with this Spaniard Q: Cortes $400 A: Cinco De Mayo commemorates the Mexican defeat of this country's army Q: France $500 A: Though a major exporter of this product, Mexico isn't an OPEC member Q: Oil ~~~~~~~~~~~ Middle East ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Saudi Arabia has provided asylum to this former Ugandan dictator Q: Idi Amin $200 A: On January 16, 1979, he & his family left Iran on a "vacation" from which they never returned Q: The Shah $300 A: This controversial area occupied by Israel since 1967 is just over half the size of Los Angeles county Q: West Bank $400 A: While King Hussein rules Jordan, Saddam Hussein leads this neighboring country Q: Iraq $500 A: This Sheikdon's people pay no taxes & both medical care & the local amusement park are free Q: Kuwait ~~~~~~~~~~~ Missourians ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Branson, Missouri's annual "Kewpiesta" celebration honors Rose O'Neill, who created this Q: Kewpie Doll $200 A: A restored courtroom in independence features a multimedia show based on his life Q: Harry S Truman $300 A: Carthage was home to Belle Starr of the Wild West & this star of "Wild Kingdom" Q: Marlon Perkins $400 A: You can tour the home near Kearney where he was born & the house in St. Joseph where he was shot Q: Jesse James $500 A: The 2nd most famous resident of Hannibal, she survived a shipwreck & inspired a musical Q: The Unsinkable Molly Brown ~~~~~~~~ Monarchs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The notorious Torquemada led the Spanish inquisition while this couple ruled Spain Q: Ferdinand & Isabella $200 A: In 1974, this Emperor of Ethopia was deposed Q: Haile Selassie $300 A: Kaiser Wilhelm II was German Emperor & King of Prussia until forced to abdicate at the end of this war Q: World War I $400 A: She was Empress of Russia during the American Revolution Q: Catherine the Great $500 A: When the great Aztec Emperor Montezuma died in 1520, this man was alive & kicking & King of England Q: Henry VIII ~~~~~~~ Monkeys ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Experiments with this Asian monkey led to the discovery of the RH factor Q: Rhesus Monkey $200 A: Though the fruit of the baobab tree is called this, it's not really the Simian Staff of Life Q: Monkey Bread $300 A: The male of this species has a red nose & blue cheeks Q: Mandrill $400 A: Monkeys, like man, belong to this highest order of mammals Q: Primates $500 A: The rock of Gibraltar is home to this "Ape," the only wild monkey still living in Europe Q: Barbary Ape ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mother Goose ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Old Mother Goose, when she wanted to wander, would ride through the air on a very fine" one of these Q: Gander $200 A: Not Horatio, but this character was a horn blower--when awake, that is Q: Little Boy Blue $300 A: One of the 2 groups that failed in their attempt to reassemble Humpty Dumpty Q: The King's Horses $400 A: Simple Simon went fishing in a pail to catch one of these Q: Whale $500 A: In the 2nd verse of "Sing a Song of Sixpence," the king was here, totaling up his assets Q: Counting House ~~~~~~~~~ Mountains ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hannibal & his Punic war pachyderms crossed these into Italy Q: Alps $200 A: Disney made it the highest peak in Anaheim Q: Matterhorn $300 A: Mountain where Iran, Russia & Turkey meet & Noah's Ark supposedly landed Q: Mount Ararat $400 A: This range starts with the Sangre De Cristo in New Mexico & ends with the Brooks Range in Alaska Q: Rocky Mountains $500 A: Mt. Erebus, the world's most southerly known active volcano, is on this continent Q: Antarctica ~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Math ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The 5000 fingers of dr t" minus "5 easy pieces" Q: 4995 $200 A: Sum of the digits in "THX-1138" Q: 13 $300 A: "10 North Frederick" divided by "2 for the road" times "3 days of the condor" Q: 15 $400 A: Highest common denominator of "48 hours" & "16 candles" Q: 16 $500 A: "The faces of Dr. Lao" plus "the faces of eve" Q: 10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Monsters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the 1976 remake, he fell from the World Trade Center Q: King Kong $200 A: In Japan, he's known as "Gojira" Q: Godzilla` $300 A: In "Young Frankenstein" he put on the Ritz as Frankenstein's monster Q: Peter Boyle $400 A: Bram Stoker popularized this monster, the one most often portrayed in movies Q: Dracula $500 A: These giant insects were the title monsters in "Them" Q: Ants ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After killing a union soldier, this character says, "I'll think about that tomorrow" Q: Scarlett O'Hara $200 A: Actor so good in "This Gun for Hire" he was asked to "Come Back" in "Shane" Q: Alan Ladd $300 A: Ruby Keeler wa told in this film, "you're going out a youngster, but you've got to come back a star" Q: 42nd Street $400 A: In this film, Robby Benson says, "we forgot about the flowers" to blind skater Holly Johnson Q: Ice Castles $500 A: Film of theater life in which Katharine Hepburn croons, "the balla lilies are in bloom again" Q: Stage Door ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Actress who spoke the immortal line, "love is never having to say you're sorry" Q: Ali McGraw $200 A: Disney film in which you'd find the song "Feed the Birds" Q: Mary Poppins $300 A: Actor who captained "the mean machine" in "The Longest Yard" Q: Burt Reynolds $400 A: Movie whose sequel was "Class of '44" Q: Summer of '42 $500 A: "Moonlighting" star who was the voice of the baby in "Look Who's Talking" Q: Bruce Willis ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1990, Warren Beatty played this comic strip detective Q: Dick Tracy $200 A: Phileas Fogg's global travels took this amount of time Q: Eighty Days $300 A: Line frequently misquoted from "Casablanca," it became the title of a Woody Allen movie Q: Play it Again, Sam $400 A: David O. Selznick spent $92,000 & interviewed 1,400 candidates to fill this role Q: Scarlett O'Hara $500 A: This Howard Hughes film starring Jane Russell was the 1st to challenge the Hays Production code Q: The Outlaw ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was Jerome Littlefield, "the disorderly orderly" Q: Jerry Lewis $200 A: The 1st film featuring father Flanagan Q: Boys Town $300 A: The unofficial inspiration for TV's "Happy Days," this film asked, "where were you in '62?" Q: American Graffiti $400 A: It was Noman Bates' Hobby in "psycho" so don't tell him to "stuff it" Q: Taxidermy $500 A: He played Mr. Miniver to Greer Garson's "Mrs. Miniver" Q: Walter Pidgeon ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A hand injury kept Frank Sinatra from playing this role, so Clint Eastwood copped it Q: Dirty Harry $200 A: He founded Utah's Sundance Institute, which encourages the work of independent filmmakers Q: Robert Redford $300 A: This famous female flyer was once the aviation editor of cosmopolitan Q: Amelia Earhart $400 A: The person who played the title role in the 1971 film "Klute" Q: Donald Sutherland $500 A: Romantic comedy in which Kookey Audrey Hepburn was secretly married to Buddy Ebsen & has a cat named Cat Q: Breakfast at Tiffany's ~~~~~~~ Museums ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The nightgown Barbara Mandrell wore on her wedding night is displayed in her museum in this city Q: Nashville $200 A: City whose museum of the confederacy adjoins the White House of the confederacy Q: Richmond $300 A: An entire museum in this city is devoted to 40's movie star Carmen Miranda, as The Cariocas could tell you Q: Rio De Janeiro $400 A: The Stuhr Museum in Nebraska displays the cottage in which this "Grapes of Wrath" star was born Q: Henry Fonda $500 A: This New York City Arts Museum was founded by & named for Gloria Vanderbilt's aunt Q: Whitney Museum ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: 4th note of the musical scale, it's "a long long way to run" Q: Fa $200 A: Piano style sprung from the blues, it describes Bette's "bugle boy" Q: Boogie-Woogie $300 A: Tyrolean trick of moving the voice from natural to Falsetto Q: Yodeling $400 A: The male voice range lower than tenor & higher than bass Q: Baritone $500 A: Italian for "first lady," the leading opera singer in a company Q: Prima Donna ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: In writing the light opera "El Capitan," this "March King" wrote a march of the same name Q: John Philip Sousa $200 A: You hold your lips the same way to play a brass instrument or this exotic shell Q: Conch Shell $300 A: While rooted in spirituals, as a distinct style this date only from the 1930's Q: Gospel Music $400 A: A song from the musical "I do, I do," or a line from the 23rd psalm Q: My Cup Runneth Over $500 A: Both "Rhapsody in Blue" & "The Grand Canyon Suite" were composed for this popular, rotund bandleader Q: Paul Whiteman ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: Beethoven wrote 3 equale compositions for 4 of these instruments, not 76 Q: Trombones $200 A: German for "song collection," it's also the name of a soft cheese resembling a mild limburger Q: Liederkranz $300 A: French for "study," it's an instrumental piece designed to improve a player's technique Q: Etude $400 A: As a reed instrument, it's played with the mouth; made of glass, it's played with wet fingers or mallets Q: Harmonica $500 A: Chopin wrote over 50 of these Polish folk dances performed by 4 or 8 couples Q: Mazurkas ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: Anna's choreographic invitation to the king of Siam Q: Shall We Dance $200 A: First name of composers Liszt, Haydn & schubert Q: Franz $300 A: This word, the plural of "opus," also means a drama that's sung Q: Opera $400 A: He was inspired by East Indian dance to write "begin the beguine" Q: Cole Porter $500 A: "Donkey," "Moonlight," & "For Strings," for example Q: Serenades ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Francis Scott key wrote it Q: Star-Spangled Banner $200 A: Tevye's Dawn to Dusk lament of time passing Q: Sunrise, Sunset $300 A: In 1983, it happened to the sun & Bonnie Tyler's heart Q: Total Eclipse $400 A: Grace slick has rejoined this "aireborne" band Q: Jefferson Starship $500 A: "Hair's" "Gliddy Glup Glop, Nibby Nabby Noopy, La La La Lo Lo" Q: Good Morning Starshine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Instruments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Joshua," Thomas Morell wrote, "See! The conquering hero comes! Sound" these Q: The Trumpets $200 A: You won't get bad "Vibes" listening to Lionel Hampton play this instrument Q: Vibraphone $300 A: The descant or soprano is the most popular size of this instrument, often the 1st a child learns Q: Recorder $400 A: A band in Japanese Noh Theater consists of a flute & 3 of these Q: Drums $500 A: On a standard guitar, the strings stretch from the bridge to these Q: Tuning Pegs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Instruments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Goodman's "licorice stick" Q: Clarinet $200 A: Afro-Cuban "skins" that kept the beat for beatnik poetry Q: Bongo Drums $300 A: Percussive "plates" that serve up a din Q: Cymbals $400 A: Ravi Shankar inspired George Harrison to use this instrument with the Beatles Q: Sitar $500 A: Plucked instrument brought to the U.S. by slaves, now a fixture in bluegrass Q: Banjo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Instruments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The shakuhachi & samisen are instruments of this country Q: Japan $200 A: "X" marks the spot in the encyclopedia where you'll find this instrument, the only 1 commonly under "x" Q: Xylophone $300 A: Russian lute shaped like a triangle, it's also popular with gypsies Q: Balalaika $400 A: Their music, which might be the oldest still played, is played on instruments like the didgeridoo Q: Aborigines $500 A: Tone quality is set on this "wind" instrument by depressing tabs or by pulling out stop knobs Q: Organ ~~~~~~~~ Musicals ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It opens with Tevye Touting "tradition" Q: Fiddler on the Roof $200 A: John Van Druten's "I am a camera" developed into this musical picture of pre-war Germany Q: Cabaret $300 A: George M. Cohan played this president in "I'd rather be right" Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt $400 A: A Pulitzer-prize winning book by James Michener became this Pulitzer-prize winning show Q: South Pacific $500 A: Gene Kelly originally played this title cad who "bewitched, bothered & bewildered" the ladies Q: Pal Joey ~~~~~~~~~ Mythology ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A "complex" man: loved mom, killed dad Q: Oedipus $200 A: January was named for this 2-faced god Q: Janus $300 A: The goddess of victory, now the name of a major athletic shoe company Q: Nike $400 A: The only god in common to the Greeks, the Romans & NASA Q: Apollo $500 A: Sister of Orestes, mourning became her Q: Electra ~~~~~~~~~ Mythology ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cerberus, guardian of hell, is a monster version of this household pet Q: Dog $200 A: She was so ugly, she not only turned men off, she turned them to stone Q: Medusa $300 A: This winged horse is a constellation & Mobil's System Q: Pegasus $400 A: Tormenting bird with a woman's head whose name means a shrewish woman Q: Harpy $500 A: A hoofed & horned beast or an oversexed male Q: Satyr ~~~~~ Myths ~~~~~ $100 A: Jupiter himself was said to have founded this sports event which was 1st repeated in 5-year cycles Q: Olympics $200 A: Pliny said it had the body "of a horse.. head of a deer, feet of an elephant, and a single black horn" Q: Unicorn $300 A: Son of Poseidon who hunts in the night sky Q: Orion $400 A: Greek goddess who personifies the soul, her name now means soul or mind Q: Psyche $500 A: Mythology expert who explained "the Greek way" & "the Roman way" Q: Edith Hamilton ~~~~~~~~~ Namesakes ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Stuffed toy named for president Roosevelt Q: Teddy Bear $200 A: Thinned-down perfume was first made in this German city Q: Cologne $300 A: To protest against hoop skirts, this magazine editor gave her name to women's pantaloons Q: Amelia Bloomer $400 A: Wild west gambling game named for the Egyptian kings on old playing cards Q: Faro $500 A: Eleanor Porter heroine whose name is synonymous with an unrealistic optimist Q: Pollyanna ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ National Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It came from France to harbor America's freedom Q: Statue of Liberty $200 A: When he was home, George Washington slept here Q: Mt Vernon $300 A: This "Cornerstone" of Massachusetts bears the date 1620 Q: Plymouth Rock $400 A: Building where John Hancock signed his "John Hancock" Q: Independence Hall $500 A: D.C. building shaken by Nov. '83 bomb blast Q: Capitol ~~~~~~ Nature ~~~~~~ $100 A: The larvae of moths & butterflies Q: Caterpillars $200 A: Type of plant such as cactus & aloe, this name means "juicy" Q: Succulent $300 A: Owls depend on their keep sense of sight & this to hunt Q: Hearing $400 A: Tropical woods with at least 100 inches of precipitation annually Q: Rain Forest $500 A: Collective name of the 3 kinds of North American wild sheep Q: Bighorn ~~~~~~~~~~~ Netherlands ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Today very few Hollanders can be found clompin' around in these "klompen" Q: Wooden Shoes $200 A: As of June 1989, 2.26 of these equaled 1 American Dollar Q: Guilders $300 A: Until the 1700's, this city was noted for its fine blue patterned china Q: Delft $400 A: Queen Juliana's daughter, she is the present queen of the Netherlands Q: Beatrix $500 A: The 1975 independence of this S. American colony caused mass emigration to the Netherlands Q: Surinam ~~~~~~~~~~~ New England ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This New England state is about the same size as the other 5 combined Q: Maine $200 A: Shortest state motto, "Hope!," appropriately belongs to this New England state Q: Rhode Island $300 A: The last president born in New England Q: George Bush $400 A: In '64, it became the 1st in the nation to have a state lottery Q: New Hampshire $500 A: Sikorsky built the 1st 1-rotor helicopter in this state, which still makes the most helicopters Q: Connecticut ~~~~~~~~~~~ New Orleans ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Fat Tuesday" festivities Q: Mardi Gras $200 A: A section of the city called Algiers is located on the west bank of this river Q: Mississippi $300 A: Brand of jazz played by Al Hirt & Pete fountain Q: Dixieland $400 A: Stadium where the "saints" go marching in Q: Superdome $500 A: The French quarter's coffee, made with this root, is bitter, but smooth Q: Chicory ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ New York City ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York City's "fruity" nickname Q: Big Apple $200 A: Over the years, there have been 3 different indoor sports arenas called by this name Q: Madison Square Garden $300 A: Though part of NYC, Liberty Island is within the terrirotial waters of this state Q: New Jersey $400 A: Handsome mayor of New York from 1966-74, he called it "Fun City" Q: John Lindsay $500 A: In 1977, its twin towers replaced the Empire State Building as the city's tallest Q: World Trade Center ~~~~~~~~~ Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When this actor was a child, he was nicknamed after his dog, Duke Q: John Wayne $200 A: Mighty man "at the bat" or engineer John Jones Q: Casey $300 A: The robin hood of modern crime, Simon Templar Q: Saint $400 A: The shape of the original coke bottle & the WWII life preserver were named for her Q: Mae West $500 A: Nickname of gangster Benjamin Siegel, but his friends never called him it Q: Bugsy ~~~~~~~~~ Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: English sailors were nicknamed this from the fruit they ate to prevent scurvy Q: Limeys $200 A: One source we have call Betty Grable the "no. 1" this, while another hangs it on Dorothy Lamour Q: Pin Up Girl $300 A: Supreme court justice known as "whizzer" Q: Byron White $400 A: During the 1950's, this 5'4" blonde was known as "the singing rage" Q: Patti Page $500 A: U.S. general who was called "The Napoleon of Luzon" & "The Beau Brummel of the army" Q: Douglas MacArthur ~~~~~~~~~ Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Not Ronald Reagan's nationality, but his boyhood nickname Q: Dutch $200 A: The "cooperative for American relief everywhere" is better known by this name Q: Care $300 A: Name Indians gave the cavalry because they carried swords Q: Long Knives $400 A: Janis Joplin's nickname & her posthumous album Q: Pearl $500 A: Her mother, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, called her "Lilibet" Q: Queen Elizabeth II ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ North American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1949 Costa Rica's constitution abolished this, replacing it with a small civil guard Q: Army $200 A: Between his teams as Cuba's leader, Fulgencio Batista lived for a while in this U.S. state Q: Florida $300 A: In 1903, Panama proclaimed its independence from this adjacent country Q: Colombia $400 A: Barons, Earls, Viscounts & 1 woman, Jeanne Sauve, have all been governors general of this country Q: Canada $500 A: Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Milina was a dictator of this island country for 3 decades until his 1961 assassination Q: The Dominican Republic ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ North American Mountains ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1981, the U.S. geological survey published a post-eruption map of this mountain Q: Mount Saint Helens $200 A: This mountain range occupies 1/6 of California & contains 3 national parks Q: Sierra Navada $300 A: Located in Washington, the greatest U.S. single peak glacier system radiates from it Q: Mount Rainier $400 A: The highest mountain in Canada Q: Mount Logan $500 A: Jackson Hole is a 7,000 ft. high valley in this Wyoming range of the rockies Q: Tetons ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Notable Animals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Siam, the 1st of this cat breed in the U.S., was a gift to president Hayes in 1878 Q: Siamese $200 A: Buddy, the 1st dog trained as 1 of these helpers, came to the U.S. in 1928 Q: Seeing Eye Dog $300 A: In 1961, Enos, who was one of these, orbited the Earth Q: Chimpanzee $400 A: Ralphie, the female buffalo mascot of the U. of Colorado, was so popular she was elected this Q: Homecoming Queen $500 A: In 1947, "Islero," a fierce bull, killed & was killed by him, perhaps the world's greatest bullfighter Q: Mandlete ~~~~~~~~~ Notorious ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fairy tale animal usually referred to as "big" and "bad" Q: Wolf $200 A: Nosferatu, Dracula & Barnabas Q: Vampires $300 A: Manuel Noriega, indicted in the U.S. on numerous charges, was once the dictator of this Latin country Q: Panama $400 A: He shot the man who shot J.F.K. Q: Jack Ruby $500 A: The accused in this city's trials included Von Ribbentrop, Goerring & Hess Q: Nuremberg ~~~~~~~~~ Notorious ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It was probably a lyre, not a fiddle, if he played it while Rome burned Q: Nero $200 A: His book, translated as "My Struggle," outlined plans to conquer Europe Q: Adolf Hitler $300 A: Lenin called him ruthless, & his purges proved he was Q: Joseph Stalin $400 A: He was both an American & British general in the Revolutionary War Q: Benedict Arnold $500 A: This man who ruled Uganda from 1971-79 is now believed to live in Saudi Arabia Q: Idi Amin ~~~~~~ Novels ~~~~~~ $100 A: The last name of sisters Amy, Beth, Jo, & Meg Q: March $200 A: This novel concludes, "after all, tomorrow is another day" Q: Gone with the Wind $300 A: "Tom Sawyer" character who might lend you a fiver Q: Huckleberry Finn $400 A: Thorton Wilder novel that delves into the lives of 5 travelers who fall to their deaths in Peru Q: The Bridge of San Luis Rey $500 A: Under this pen name, E.Z.C. Judson originated the dime novel & gave William F. Cody his famous nickname Q: Ned Buntline ~~~~~~~ Numbers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The decimal system is based on this number Q: 10 $200 A: MCMXCII Q: 1992 $300 A: The digit on the phone represented by "Def" Q: 3 $400 A: The number of the piggy in the children's nursery rhyme who had no roast beef Q: 4th $500 A: When it's 12 noon in Washington state, it's this time in Washington, D.C. Q: 3 P.M. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Numbers In Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Bobby Vee, the night has this many eyes Q: A Thousand $200 A: "She was just" this, "you know what I mean? And the way she looked was way beyond compare" Q: 17 $300 A: "You came out of a dream, peaches & cream, lips like strawberry wine, you're" this age Q: 16 $400 A: According to Gene McDaniels, the 1st woman wasn't made of Adam's rib, but this much clay Q: 100 Lbs $500 A: it's the girl-boy ratio in "Surf City" Q: 2 to 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Number Please ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The number of points on a compass, or the number of permanent teeth in the normal human mouth Q: 32 $200 A: The number of colors traditionally identified in a rainbow or spectrum Q: 7 $300 A: Offices of Baskin-Robbins are at this number of Baskin-Robbins place in Glendale, California Q: 31 $400 A: In "Treasure Island," the pirates sing of this number of "Men on a Dead Man's Chest, Yo-Ho-Ho" Q: 15 $500 A: The solid-colored ball with the highest number in a standard game of pocket billiards Q: 8 ~~~~~~~~~ Nutrition ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 3 oz. of this pickled cabbage has only 18 calories Q: Sauerkraut $200 A: This mineral, which forms teeth & bones, is by weight the most common mineral in the body Q: Calcium $300 A: A primary food type along with carbohydrates & proteins, they help the body prevent viral infections Q: Fats $400 A: There are 2 types of vitamins, fat-soluble & this kind Q: Water-soluble $500 A: Starches are complex forms of these simple carbohydrates Q: Sugars ~~~~~~~~~~~ Odd Customs ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Waving as Americans do is an insult in this Hellenic country Q: Greece $200 A: In the Netherlands, a hostess may serve herself first, from the custom of tasting food to prove it wasn't this Q: Poisoned $300 A: Frenchmen kiss cheeks, but in Rumania, friends often kiss this way Q: On The Mouth $400 A: Men in this arctic culture sometimes settled disputes by singing insults at each other Q: Eskimos $500 A: Tibetans & Mongolians supposedly put this in their tea instead of sugar Q: Salt ~~~~~~~~ Odd Jobs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 4-letter word for a spiritual guide, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi is one Q: Guru $200 A: For 10% of the bail, he'll spring you from jail Q: Bail Bondsman $300 A: He raises penmanship to a fine art Q: Calligrapher $400 A: Horse racing figures the British call "turf accountants" Q: Bookies $500 A: What a fletcher makes Q: Arrows ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Old Testament ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Delilah gave him a real trimming Q: Samson $200 A: In Hebrew its name means "sea of reeds" Q: Red Sea $300 A: Through sons Isaac & Ishmael, both Jews & Arabs trace descent from him Q: Abrahama $400 A: The name "Palestine" comes from these biblical enemies of Israel Q: Philistines $500 A: A sorrowful old testament prophet, his name now refers to predictors of doom Q: Jeremiah ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Old Testament ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The animals King Darius furnished his "den" with Q: Lions $200 A: Desiring her, David sent her husband off to his death in battle Q: Bathsheba $300 A: The Villians Delilah & Goliath both belonged to this group of Aegean people Q: Philistines $400 A: Deception ensued when Isaac sent this son hunting for venison Q: Esau $500 A: Because he was a stranger in a strange land, he called his son Gershom, meaning "a stranger there" Q: Moses ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Old Testament ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As a baby, he went sailing down the Nile in a basket boat Q: Moses $200 A: Milton described him as "eyeless in gaza" Q: Samson $300 A: In order to stop a storm at sea, he told the sailors to throw him overboard Q: Jonah $400 A: Because he asked God for wisdom & not wealth, he got both Q: King Solomon $500 A: The only 2 women whose names are on books of the Old Testament Q: Ruth & Esther ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: Country where madame butterfly flitted Q: Japan $200 A: Flying creature that is "die Fledermaus" in Johann Strauss' opera Q: Bat $300 A: "La Boheme," by this composer, is based on the novel "Scenes from Bohemian Life" Q: Puccini $400 A: She wrote the lyrics to "Four Saints in Three Acts" & Virgil Thomson wrote the score Q: Gertrude Stein $500 A: Verdi's operatic version of "Camille" Q: La Traviata ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: "Tosca" was based on a play written for this great French actress of the late 1800's Q: Sarah Bernhardt $200 A: Gershwin spent time in this state, the setting of "Porgy & Bess," to get the Opera's atmosphere right Q: South Carolina $300 A: In Verdi's "Otello," Iago is sung by a Baritone & Otello by one of these Q: Tenor $400 A: The Arias from Bellini's "La Sonnambula" were favorites of this "Swedish nightingale" Q: Jenny Lind $500 A: This play inspired over 20 operas, including "Les Amants De Verone" Q: Romeo & Juliet ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: The Lone Ranger's theme is this opera's overture Q: William Tell $200 A: Profession of Rossini's Figaro Q: Barber $300 A: Italian tenor whose aria "Pagliacii" aria was the 1st record ever to sell a million copies Q: Enrico Caruso $400 A: Lt. Pinkerton's girlfriend, Cio-Cio San Q: Madame Butterfly $500 A: 1976 was also the bicentennial of this famed Milan opera house Q: La Scala ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: If you hear "it ain't necessarily so," you are necessarily hearing music from this opera Q: Porgy & Bess $200 A: In Verdi's "MacBeth," he's killed right after singing a beautiful aria & before becoming a ghost Q: Banquo $300 A: This country's national opera company is the Ethniki Lyriki Skini Q: Greece $400 A: In the "ring cycle" he is raised by a Nibelung Q: Siegfried $500 A: Term for the speech that's sung between arias Q: Recitative ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Oscar Firsts ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1934, she became the 1st child star to receive an Oscar Q: Shirley Temple $200 A: In 1988, she became the 1st person known by a single name to win a best acting Oscar Q: Cher $300 A: This silent screen swashbuckler was the 1st person to emcee the awards Q: Douglas Fairbanks Sr $400 A: This star of "The Song of Bernadette" was the 1st ton win an Oscar for playing a saint Q: Jennifer Jones $500 A: Some say he was swiss, some say German & some say American, but all say he won the 1st Oscar as best actor Q: Emil Jannings ~~~~~~~~~~~ Oscar Songs ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As Dr. Doolittle, Rex Harrison sang this 1967 Oscar-winner to people, too Q: Talk to the Animals $200 A: 1942 Irving Berlin classic that has sold more records than any other Q: White Christmas $300 A: This 1st winner, from "Gay Divorcee," is also a car Q: Continental $400 A: In "Going My Way," Bing Crosby asks "would you rather be" doing this or be a fish Q: Swinging on a Star $500 A: Doris Day has sung 2 Oscar winners in films, "Que Sera, Sera" & this Q: Secret Love ~~~~~~~~~~~ Palindromes ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A chick's chirp Q: Peep $200 A: Men & women engage in the battle of these Q: Sexes $300 A: Type of "tube" viewer who wouldn't watch "Jeopardy!" Q: Boob $400 A: Precedes "whistle, plunk & boom" in classic Disney cartoon Q: Toot $500 A: To apply wall coverings again Q: Repaper ~~~~~~~ Parades ~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1988 was the year of this creature, which traditionally leads the annual Chinese New Year parade Q: Dragon $200 A: Parades on this day might honor Flora, the Roman goddess of Spring, or a country's laborers Q: May Day $300 A: This had to be stoked up for the performance & traditionally came last in the circus parade Q: Calliope $400 A: For most of its route, the tournament of roses parade follows this Pasadena Boulevard Q: Colorado Boulevard $500 A: Annual British parade that arose from the need to show mercenary troops which flag to follow Q: Tropping the Colour ~~~~~ Parks ~~~~~ $100 A: This Boston park where young Ben Franklin grazed the family cow is America's oldest Q: Boston Common $200 A: Baseball's 1st-ever all-star game was played in 1933 in this Chicago stadium Q: Comiskey Park $300 A: Al Pacino's 1st starring role dealt with "Panic In" a NYC park nicknamed this Q: Needle Park $400 A: People voice opinions on everything in London's speakers corner, in this park Q: Hyde Park $500 A: In 1962, Freddy cannon had a hit about this now-defunct New Jersey amusement park Q: Palisades park ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Patriotic Songs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: An actor named Thomas A Becket said he wrote this patriotic "Gem," but others claimed it too Q: Columbia, Gem of the Ocean $200 A: It was originally a poem titled "The Defense of Fort Mchenry" Q: The Star-Spangled Banner $300 A: The 2nd line of this beloved patriotic song is "Land That I Love" Q: God Bless America $400 A: Song that says, "You're the Emblem of the Land I Love" Q: You're a grand old flag $500 A: The song parody "Be king to your web-footed friends: is sung to the tune of this patriotic march Q: Stars & Stripes Forever ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ $100 A: "I was a soldier for beauty & live. I was completely selfless," said this former Philippine 1st lady Q: Imelda Marcos $200 A: Also known for stupid human tricks, he got Ted Koppel to balance a dog biscuit on his nose Q: David Letterman $300 A: Before he created Jeno's Frozen Pizzas, Jeno Paulucci started this Chinese food company in Duluth, MN Q: Chun King $400 A: She said Warren Beatty acts like he can't wait to get out of the room when she talks about spirits Q: Shirley Maclaine $500 A: This famous feminist's middle initial stood for Brownell Q: Susan B. Anthony+ ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ $100 A: Pen name of Lafayette Hubbard, who died in 1986 after spending years in seclusion Q: L. Rom Hubbard $200 A: This lyricist co-edited the Choate Prep School yearbook with John F. Kennedy before he wrote "Camelot" Q: Alan Jay Lerner $300 A: This heavyweight Italian tenor doesn't like to sing until he's found a bent nail in the stage floor Q: Luciano Pavarotti $400 A: His wife Leona was a self-made millionairess before she became "Queen" of his hotels Q: Harry Helmsley $500 A: Commenting on Toots Shor's, this former Yankee said, "It's so crowded nobody goes there any more" Q: Yogi Berra ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ $100 A: At 14, his magic show paid him $3; later he made millions on "Tonight" Q: Johnny Carson $200 A: His last regular newscast was on Friday, March 6, 1981 Q: Walter Cronkite $300 A: Looking "too much like Hayley Mills" cut short this composer's acting career Q: Paul Williams $400 A: His obituary appeared in the NY Times 7 years after he disappeared Q: Jimmy Hoffa $500 A: Discovered by Bob Hope in 1949, this ballad king soon went from "rags to riches" Q: Tony Bennett ~~~~~~~ Physics ~~~~~~~ $100 A: 186,282 miles per second is the speed of this Q: Light $200 A: Count Volta invented this electric device common to cars & flashlights Q: Battery $300 A: Roentgen wasn't sure what these high energy photons were, so he called them this Q: X-Rays $400 A: Dr. Edward Teller is often described as "the father of..." this, though it displeases him Q: The Hydrogen Bomb $500 A: The centigrade temperature scale was named for this Swedish astronomer Q: Celsius ~~~~~~ Plants ~~~~~~ $100 A: Three-leaved plant used by St. Patrick to explain the trinity Q: Shamrock $200 A: Biology branch which studies plants Q: Botany $300 A: From a poisonous bulb, this yellow flower welcomes the early spring Q: Daffodil $400 A: Coming home from Florida, you might say you "saw" this sharp-edged grass in the Everglades Q: Sawgrass $500 A: Most extensively grown & eaten food in the world Q: Wheat ~~~~~~~~ Plastics ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In July 1988, Soviet Olympic committee head Yuri Tito was issued the 1st "Scorecard," one of these Q: Visa Card $200 A: In 1868, John W. Hyatt created the 1st "Celluloid" to replace the ivory balls used in this sport Q: Billiards $300 A: Meaning "upon oxygen," it's any of the resins that form a strong adhesion Q: Epoxy $400 A: In 1988, this Danish "city" made out of little plastic bricks celebrated its 20th anniversary Q: Lego land $500 A: The plastic fiber that was the title of a 1981 film starring the late divine Q: Polyester ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Poetic Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: One of them begins, "there once was a man from Kent" Q: Limerick $200 A: Congreve found that its charms can "soothe the savage breast" Q: Music $300 A: Alan Seeger had "a rendezvous with" it & met it in WWII in the fields of France Q: Death $400 A: Sir John Suckling felt "tis not the meat, but" this that "makes eating a delight" Q: Appetite $500 A: A.E. Housman "heard a wise may say, give crowns & pounds & guineas but not" this away Q: Your Heart ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: If you know a "whit" about poetry, you know that this man was "the quaker poet" Q: John Greenleaf Whittier $200 A: Author of "Les Miserables," he is called "France's greatest lyric poet" Q: Victor Hugo $300 A: Poe said of these, "what a horror they outpour on the bosom of the palpitating air" Q: The Bells $400 A: In Longfellow's poem, she was the long-lost love of Gebriel Lajeunesse Q: Evangeline $500 A: Langston Hughes asked, "what happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like" this Q: A Raisin in the Sun ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: Shelley asked the west wind, "if winter comes, can" this "be far behind?" Q: Spring $200 A: This author of "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" called his critics "murderers" Q: Samuel Taylor Coleridge $300 A: Animal of whom William Blake wondered "did he who made the lamb make thee?" Q: Tiger $400 A: James Whitcomb Riley wrote, "a feller is a-feelin' at his best" when this is "on the punkin'" Q: Frost $500 A: This lengthy poem about the Civil War won Stephen Vincent Benet the Pulitzer prize in 1929 Q: John Brown's Body ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: 3-letter Sandburg weather phenomenon that "comes in on little cat feet" Q: Fog $200 A: New England "swinger of birches" who read his poetry for JFK's inauguration Q: Robert Frost $300 A: Great Scot who wrote the poem "Auld Lang Syne" Q: Robert Burns $400 A: Poetic Device illustrated by "a peck of pickled peppers" Q: Alliteration $500 A: He said his poem "Kubla Khan" was inspired by a dream Q: Samuel Taylor Coleridge ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: Completes John Howard Payne's line "be in ever so humble..." Q: There's No Place Like Home $200 A: His poem, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" begins "whose woods these are I think I know" Q: Robert Frost $300 A: In the poem named for her, Stonewall Jackson says, who touches a hair of yon gray head dies like a dog!" Q: Barbara Frietchie $400 A: The town of Pippapass, Kentucky, was renamed Pippa passes after a verse drama by this Englishman Q: Robert Browning $500 A: His tragic 1841 ballad, "The Wreck of the Hesperus" was inspired by an actual shipwreck Q: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ~~~~~ Poets ~~~~~ $100 A: He was a poet & a playwright as well as a Victorian prime minister Q: Benjamin Disraeli $200 A: He wrote about "Ships That Pass in the Night" in "Tales of a Wayside Inn" Q: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow $300 A: This poet's great 14th century masterpiece helped establish Italian as a national language Q: Dante Alighieri $400 A: This poet known for his odes was only 25 when he died of tuberculosis in 1821 Q: John Keats $500 A: As a soldier he used the Alias Silas Tomkyn Comberbache, so he didn't have to change him monogram Q: Samuel Taylor Coleridge ~~~~~~~~~~~ Police Work ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Job held by the Beatles' "Lovely Rita" Q: Meter Maid $200 A: Interpol is headquartered in this capital city Q: Paris $300 A: In old England, he was reeve of the shire; today he is this Q: Sheriff $400 A: What S.W.A.T. stands for Q: Special Weapons and Tactics $500 A: It's a dog's life in this branch of the police force Q: K-9 Corps ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's been called "The Peanut Politician" Q: Jimmy Carter $200 A: In office from 1955 until his death in 1976, he was called "The Last of the Big-City Bosses" Q: Richard J. Daley $300 A: While Ohio's Robert Taft was "Mr. Republican," this Texan was "Mr. Democrat" & "Mr. Sam" Q: Sam Rayburn $400 A: After introducing the coinage of copper pennies, he became known as "Alexander the Coppersmith" Q: Alexander Hamilton $500 A: When this Hoosier ran against FDR, he was dubbed "The barefoot boy from Wall Street" Q: Wendell Willkie ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Many abolitionists have yet to learn the ABC of women's rights," she wrote in 1860 Q: Susan B. Anthony $200 A: In 1920, long before he became prime minister, he said, "in was you can only be killed once, but in politics many times" Q: Winston Churchil $300 A: Charles Dudley Warner, who once wrote a book with Mark Twain, said, "politics makes" these Q: Strange Bedfellows $400 A: This president compared herself to "a crusading housewife let loose in a den of...thieves" Q: Corazon Aquino $500 A: In reference to his post-WWI 14 points, Clemenceau noted, "the good Lord had only 10" Q: Woodrow Wilson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 19th century writer Christopher North said, "the sun never sets on" this Q: British Empire $200 A: John Gunther called it "the only country deliberately founded on a good idea" Q: United States $300 A: Russian leader was supposedly said, "the capitalists will sell us the rope with which we will hang them" Q: Vladimir Lenin $400 A: President who said the Americas "are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization" Q: James Monroe $500 A: Senator S.I. Hayakawa said, "we should keep" this; "after all, we stole it fair and square" Q: Panama Canal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He introduced himself as "the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris" Q: John F. Kennedy $200 A: He said, "if nominated I will not run, if elected, I will not serve" Q: William Tecumseh Sherman $300 A: In the 1980 election, he coined the phrase "voodoo economics" Q: George Bush $400 A: Acid-tongued VP who said, "some newspapers dispose of their garbage by printing it" Q: Spiro Agnew $500 A: Presidential candidate who said, "eggheads unite, you have nothing to lose but your yolks" Q: Adlai Stevenson ~~~~~~~~~ Pop Music ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jefferson Starship's name before taking off for space in '74 Q: Jefferson Airplane $200 A: British group whose logo features fat red lips & a lascivious tongue Q: Rolling Stones $300 A: Prophetic sounding 1963 no. 1 hit by Ruby & the Romantics Q: OUr Day Will Come $400 A: This duo's 1st U.S. hits were "Nobody I Know" & "A World Without Love" Q: Peter & Gordon $500 A: "Catch My Soul" was a rock version of this Shakespearean tragedy Q: Othello ~~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Only hope remained after her box was opened Q: Pandora $200 A: Islam's Holiest City Q: Mecca $300 A: The nation's largest single user of almonds is this chocolate maker Q: Hershey $400 A: The story of Pyramus & her inspired "Romeo & Juliet" Q: Thisbe $500 A: Only universal studios' special effects & moses could part it Q: Red Sea ~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to John Keats, "beauty" is this, and this is "beauty" Q: Truth $200 A: It's declared when you're judged insolvent Q: Bankruptcy $300 A: In 1944, this Caribbean ruler appeared as an extra in Esther Williams' film "bathing beauty" Q: Fidel Castro $400 A: This round-eyed comic starred in "Banjo Eyes," which happened to be his nickname Q: Eddie Cantor $500 A: The odds are 35 to 1 of throwing a 2 or this other number in a single toss of the dice Q: 12 ~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Latin word "radix," meaning root, is the root word for this root vegetable Q: Radish $200 A: Cabinet member who outranks all other cabinet members Q: Secretary of State $300 A: The job of a "nose" in France is to create these Q: Perfumes $400 A: The surname Wallace originally denoted a man from this country Q: Wales $500 A: This language spoken in the Pyrenees does not belong to the Indo-European group Q: Basque ~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Inherit the Wind" was inspired by his famous trial, & we're not monkeying around Q: Scopes $200 A: He rewrote his 1st full-length play "Battle of Angels" & called it "Orpheus Descending" Q: Tennessee Williams $300 A: Of a gate, a bandit, or a Buddhist priest, what Rashomon is in the play "Rashomon" Q: Gate $400 A: His offbeat play, "The Skin of Our Teeth" features a talking baby dinosaur Q: Thornton Wilder $500 A: When this playwright 1st presented "Medea" in an Athenian drama contest, it came in last Q: Euripides ~~~~~~~~ Pot Luck ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Along with Roquefort, this creamy French cheese is also called "The King of Cheeses" Q: Brie $200 A: Type of camel that's in a box of Nabisco Animal Crackers Q: Bactrian $300 A: City mentioned in the song, "I'm a Yankee doodle dandy" Q: London $400 A: Section of the Sunday New York Times that's also sold as a separate magazine Q: Book Review $500 A: In 1967, when Queen Elizabeth knighted Frencis Chichester, she used this explorer's sword Q: Sir Francis Drake ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Colleges ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Grant and this other president were both graduates of West Point Q: Dwight Eisenhower $200 A: The only president whose Alma Mater was Annapolis Q: Jimmy Carter $300 A: In 1908, this former big man on campus, Yale's, that is, became a big man in the white house Q: William Howard Taft $400 A: If Jefferson, Monroe or Tyler had written home for money, it would have been sent to this Virginia college Q: William & Mary $500 A: Herbert Hoover became a trustee of this pac 10 school in California 17 years after getting his degree there Q: Stanford ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Firsts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though Detective Pinkerton saved him once, he later became the first assassinated president Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: 2nd U.S. president, he was the 1st defeated for reelection Q: John Adams $300 A: 1st president to refuse a 3rd term Q: George Washington $400 A: He was the 1st to have untied the marital knot Q: Ronald Reagan $500 A: This rough backwoodsman was the 1st born in a log cabin Q: Andrew Jackson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Middle Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Baines Q: Lyndon Johnson $200 A: Earl Q: Jimmy Carter $300 A: His actual first name was Hiram, while his middle name was Ulysses Q: Ulysses S. Grant $400 A: Howard Q: William Howard Taft $500 A: Abram Q: James A. Garfield ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "When the president does it, that means that it is not illegal" Q: Richard Nixon $200 A: Calvin Coolidge said, "the business of America is" this Q: Business $300 A: "Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate" Q: John F. Kennedy $400 A: "One way to make sure crime doesn't pay would be to let the government run it" Q: Ronald Reagan $500 A: When asked about his condition this president said, "I don't have ulcers, I give 'em" Q: Lyndon Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At various times, he & all 5 of his brothers were nicknamed "Ike" Q: Dwight Eisenhower $200 A: Springtime ritual started by pres. Hayes on the White House lawn Q: Easter Egg Roll $300 A: Gilbert Stuart stuffed his sunken cheeks with cotton for the presidential portraits Q: George Washington $400 A: Though his 2nd term was plagues by scandal, he was almost nominated for a 3rd term in 1880 Q: Ulysses S. Grant $500 A: In 1908, 5 years before getting the job, he wrote a book titles "The President of the U.S." Q: Woodrow Wilson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Harry Truman & Richard Nixon were the only U.S. presidents to play this musical instrument Q: Piano $200 A: In his 1st inaugural address, he said, "our greatest primary task is to put people to work" Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt $300 A: Millard Fillmore was born on Tuesday, January 7, 1800, in this type of frontier house Q: Log Cabin $400 A: Some of his colorful nicknames were "Professor," "Tiger," & "Coiner of Weasel Words" Q: Woodrow Wilson $500 A: In 1871 he was sheriff of Erie County, NY & carried out the hangings himself Q: Grover Cleveland ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Only President to survive a bullet wound inflicted while in office Q: Ronald Reagan $200 A: He supposedly said, we know God prefers common-looking people because he made so many Q: Abraham Lincoln $300 A: "May none but honest & wise men ever rule under this roof," said this 1st occupant of the White House Q: John Adams $400 A: He gave all his government salary to charity, having earned millions as a mining engineer Q: Herbert Hoover $500 A: 20th century President whose actual first name was Thomas Q: Woodrow Wilson ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He asked us, "ask not what your country can do for you" Q: John F. Kennedy $200 A: Like America, his first initials were U.S. Q: Ulysses Simpson Grant $300 A: His 12-year term was the longest ever Q: Frankling D. Roosevelt $400 A: He's considered both out 22nd and 24th President Q: Grover Cleveland $500 A: Our only impeached President, he kept his office by 1 vote Q: Andrew Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He held office "4 score & 7 years" after the founding of our country Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: 1st President to win the Nobel Peace prize, though he carried "a big stick" Q: Theodore Roosevelt $300 A: 7 of our first 12 Presidents were from this state Q: Virginia $400 A: Though born in Massachusetts, George Bush ran for President from this state Q: Texas $500 A: Portly President who set precedent by throwing out the baseball season's first ball Q: William Howard Taft ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Assassinated president about whom it was said, "now he belongs to the ages" Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: The impeachment conviction of Andrew Johnson failed by this many votes in the senate Q: 1 $300 A: The only President born in Illinois Q: Ronald Reagan $400 A: As of 1990, the President's yearly base salary, in dollars Q: 200,000 $500 A: Though Washington was "the father of our country," he was "the Father of the Constitution" Q: James Madison ~~~~~~~~ Proverbs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Many of these "make light work" Q: Hands $200 A: During Watergate, John Mitchell said "when the going gets though, the tough get..." this Q: Going $300 A: Dorothy Parker said it's what "women and elephants never..." do Q: Forget $400 A: In the original version "you took an ell," or 45 inches, when "I gave you" this Q: Inch $500 A: Ben Franklin said you shouldn't "squander" this, "for that is the stuff life is made of" Q: Time ~~~~~~~~ Proverbs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When the cat's away, the mice will do this Q: Play $200 A: As you made your bed, so must you do this Q: Lie In It $300 A: Francis Bacon said, "if the mountain will not come to" him, he "will go to the mountain" Q: Mohammad $400 A: "What's good for the goose is good for" this creature, too Q: Gander $500 A: "A bad workman quarrels with..." these Q: His Tools ~~~~~~~~~~ Psychology ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A bad one is biting your fingernails; a good one is calling mom once a week Q: Habit $200 A: This type of trait is the opposite of a dominant one Q: Recessive $300 A: One who suffers from periods of depression alternating with periods of extreme excitement Q: Manic-Depressive $400 A: The common name for somnambulism Q: Sleepwalking $500 A: The ego resolves conflicts between this & the superego Q: ID ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Dorothy Parker, "women and" these "never forget" Q: Elephants $200 A: 1927 movie that gave us the quote, "you ain't heard nothin' yet, folks" Q: The Jazz Singer $300 A: In 1899 congressman Willard Vandiver 1st said, "I'm from Missouri you have got to" do this Q: Show Me $400 A: "Touch of evil" director who said, "everybody denies I am a genius--but nobody ever called me one" Q: Orson Welles $500 A: A Cornish prayer says, "good Lord, deliver us from ghoulies & ghosties & long leggety beasties & things that" do this Q: Go Bump in the Night ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: "We must be the great arsenal of democracy," he said in a fireside chat on December 29, 1940 Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt $200 A: Mark Twain said, "Adam did not want the apple for the apple's sake, he wanted it only because it was" this Q: Forbidden $300 A: In this show, Adelaide Laments, "A person can develop a cold" Q: Guys & Dolls $400 A: On the Cuban missile crisis, Dean Rusk said, "we're eyeball to eyeball & the other fellow just" did this Q: Blinked $500 A: "Birth of a nation" star who said in 1987 "Hollywood has turned into an emotional Detroit" Q: Lillian Gish ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: D.H. Lawrence said, "no absolute is going to make the lion lie down with" this "unless" it's "inside" Q: Lamb $200 A: In the nursery rhyme, the lion & this animal were "fighting for the crown" Q: Unicorn $300 A: Song in which Elvis sang, "I don't want to be your lion, 'cause lions ain't the kind you love enough" Q: Let Me Be Your Teddy Bear $400 A: In "Marmion," Scott asked, "and dar'st thou then to beard the lion" here Q: In His Den $500 A: In judges 14:15, he "came to the vineyards of timnath and, behold, a young lion roared against him" Q: Samson ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: Dorothy Parker said, "men seldom make passes at girls who..." wear these Q: Glasses $200 A: Emerson said, "if a man...makes a better" 1 of these, "the world will beat a path to his door" Q: Mousetrap $300 A: An MD "can bury his mistakes, but we can only advise clients to plant vines," said this architect Q: Frank Lloyd Wright $400 A: Advice Greeley followed with "and grow up with the country" Q: Go West, Young Man $500 A: "Reading is to the mind as" this is "to the body" Q: Exercise ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Radio Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Bring 'em Back Alive" guy, played by Bruce Boxleitner on TV, but by himself on radio Q: Frank Buck $200 A: This all-American boy's theme began, "wave the flag for Hudson high, boys" Q: Jack Armstrong $300 A: 12 beats of a gong & an airplane swooping down signaled his arrival on radio Q: Captain Midnight $400 A: He usually drove the black beauty Q: kato $500 A: Later a foil for Lucy as harry Carter, he foiled Ming on radio as Flash Gordon Q: Gale Gordon ~~~~~~~~ Railroad ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Office for conductor & living quarters for crew, it is often red Q: Caboose $200 A: In fiction, espionage & murder plague its Pair-to-Istanbul run Q: Orient Express $300 A: If you take a "chance" in Monopoly, you may "take a ride" on this railroad Q: Reading $400 A: George Westinghouse invented the air-operated type of these for trains Q: Brakes $500 A: It met the union Pacific at Promontory, Utah, in 1869 Q: Central Pacific ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Recent History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1972, this ex-teamster leader tried to go to Hanoi to free pows, but the U.S. government stopped him Q: Jimmy Hoffa $200 A: This July 1985 famine relief fundraiser has been called Bob Geldof's "Global Jukebox" Q: Live Aid $300 A: A ban on the general use of this germ killer in 1972 meant Phisohex had to be sold by prescription Q: Hexachlorophene $400 A: He was chosen to replace Thomas Eagleton as the 1972 democratic nominee for vice president Q: Robert Sargent Shriver $500 A: President of Pakistan who, along with our ambassador, was killed when his plane exploded in August 1988 Q: Zia Ul-Haq ~~~~~~~~~~ Recreation ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In a traditional peanut race, you push a peanut along the floor using only this part of your body Q: Nose $200 A: From German for "bite bag," it's a type of backpack used by hikers Q: Knapsack $300 A: River enthusiasts know that in the U.S. these are usually classed from I to VI Q: Rapids $400 A: In the U.S., no company can sell a 3-wheeled ATV, which is this Q: All Terrain Vehicle $500 A: Begun as a survival program for British sailors in WW I, the 1st of these schools in the U.S. opened in 1962 Q: Outward Bound ~~~~~~~~ Religion ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Most popular name in the Islamic world today Q: Muhammad $200 A: Members of this religion assassinated Indira Gandhi Q: Sikh $300 A: Writer David Yallop claims that in September, 1978, this religious figure was murdered Q: Pope John Paul I $400 A: A child will say in public what his parents say at home, says this book of Jewish wisdom Q: Talmud $500 A: Artemus Ward described this church leader of the 19th cent. as "the most married man I ever saw" Q: Brigham Young ~~~~~~~~ Religion ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 100 years ago the now-dead philosopher Nietzsche claimed this being was dead Q: God $200 A: The color of Muhammad's banner Q: Green $300 A: To die at the city of Benares ensures members of this religion a release from endless rebirths Q: Hinduism $400 A: Baby Fae's heart transplant occurred in a hospital run by this denomination Q: 7th Day Adventists $500 A: Most Muslims belong to this sect Q: Sunni ~~~~~~~~ Religion ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was the doubter among the Apostles Q: Thomas $200 A: This word for the Muslim religion means "submission to the will of god" Q: Islam $300 A: Continent with the largest Jewish population Q: North America $400 A: Color of smoke signifying the election of a new Pope Q: White $500 A: This Buddhist sect seeks truth through concepts like "the sound of one hand clapping" Q: Zen ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Religious Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A synagogue official who sings liturgical music, played in "The Jazz Singer" not by Eddie but Al Q: Cantor $200 A: Famous traditional American Hymn, or what some call Ms. Jones of "A View to a Kill" Q: Amazing Grace $300 A: In Latin, this famous church piece is called "Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus" Q: Holy, Holy, Holy $400 A: He sang "Let's stay together," but left soul singing for gospel preaching Q: Al Green $500 A: General name for music played during the passing around of the money plate Q: Offertory ~~~~~~~~~~~ Renaissance ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The term "renaissance" is from a French word meaning this Q: Rebirth $200 A: Carolingian is the term used to describe his empire Q: Charlemagne $300 A: Some say he based the ruthless ruler in "The Prince" on Cesare Borgia Q: Machiavelli $400 A: This banking family, led by Lorenzo the Magnificent, ruled Florence & made it an art center Q: Medicis $500 A: Don't get angry if you don't know this epic poem written in 1516 by Ludovico Ariosto Q: Orlando Furioso ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Renaissance Art ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, & El Greco, the one born 1st Q: Leonardo Da Vinci $200 A: Known for his buxom nudes, this Flemish artist produced at least 1200 paintings Q: Peter Paul Rubens $300 A: Italians were masters of this medium of painting on fresh plaster Q: Fresco $400 A: Though German, famed portrait artist Hans Holbein became court painter to this English king Q: Henry VIII $500 A: Born in Urbino in 1483, this painter learned much of his craft from Michelangelo & Leonardo Q: Raphael ~~~~~~~~~~~ Republicans ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The first republican to win the presidency Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: Congressman Jack Kemp quarterbacked for this N.Y. pro football team Q: Buffalo Bills $300 A: The president who asked Americans to "whip inflation now" Q: Gerald Ford $400 A: Bill Miller, his running mate in 1964, appeared in American express commercials Q: Barry Goldwater $500 A: He lost to FDR in '44 and Truman in '48 Q: Thomas Dewey ~~~~~~~~~~~ Republicans ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1964, he offered voters "a choice, not an echo" Q: Barry Goldwater $200 A: In '74, he became the only U.S. president ever to appear on the stage of the Grand Ole Opry Q: Richard Nixon $300 A: Ambassador to Italy, Connecticut Congresswoman, & wife of Time-Life founder Q: Clare Booth Luce $400 A: 1st Republican presidential candidate ever was this California "pathfinder" Q: John C. Fremont $500 A: In November 1988, this New Hampshire governor was named Bush's Chief of Staff Q: John Sununu ~~~~~~~ Resorts ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Since 1942, U.S. Presidents have had private access to this resort Q: Camp David $200 A: This worldwide French resort chain also owns a cruise ship Q: Club Med $300 A: Furnace Creek is the appropriate name for the California resort located here Q: Death Valley $400 A: Honeymooners are partial to these picturesque Pennsylvania Mountains featuring over 300 resorts Q: Poconos $500 A: Camp David, the presidential retreat, was named for this grandson of a president Q: David Eisenhower ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Revolutionary War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Baron Von Steuben trained the men at this Pennsylvania camp during the winter of 1777-78 Q: Valley Forge $200 A: On June 16, 1775, Americans began to dig into this hill next to Bunker Hill Q: Breed's Hill $300 A: Before we had the daughters of the revolution, we had the sons of this, who fought the Stamp Act Q: Liberty $400 A: He was Aide-De-Camp & secretary to general Washington, who later made him a cabinet secretary Q: Alexander Hamilton $500 A: George Rogers Clark helped the U.S. gain this territory, which included present-day Michigan & Ohio Q: Northwest Territory ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Revolutionary War Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At Yorktown, this Frenchman said, "I am not strong enough even to get beaten" Q: Lafayette $200 A: When asked to surrender his battered ship, he replied, "I have not yet begun to fight" Q: John Paul Jones $300 A: His pro-British cousin Samuel was widely accused of betraying this American spy Q: Nathan Hale $400 A: Henry Lee's quick & daring cavalry raids earned him this nickname Q: Light-Horse Harry $500 A: 14-year-old future president captured by the British & wounded when he wouldn't clean an officers boots Q: Andrew Jackson ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rhode Island ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Developed in the 1850's, the Rhode Island red made raising of these a major industry in the U.S. Q: Chickens $200 A: While "ocean state" appears on its license plates, this diminutive nickname is also widely used Q: Little Rhody $300 A: Rhode Island has a national memorial honoring this man, its founder Q: Roger Williams $400 A: The naval war college has operated at this coastal city since 1884 Q: Newport $500 A: All 5 of Rhode Island's counties are on this bay Q: Narragansett Bay ~~~~~~~ Rituals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The full ritual for killing one of these involves decapitation as well as a stake through the heart Q: Vampire $200 A: Egyptians believed that on this day of the month of Pharmuchi you shouldn't go anywhere Friday of not Q: 13th $300 A: On twelfth night in Sweden, people go house to house, taking these down & eating the ornaments Q: Christmas Trees $400 A: Sung standing in a circle with arms crossed & hands joined, it's the Scottish song of parting Q: Auld Lang Syne $500 A: A Hindu woman performing suttee lies next to her husband on this Q: His Funeral Pyre ~~~~~~~ Rituals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: You do it before blowing out the candles on your birthday cake Q: Make a Wish $200 A: Sometimes held in secret, it gets you into a fraternity or a cult Q: Initiation $300 A: The cha-no-yu as performed by Japanese women Q: Tea Ceremony $400 A: Throughout the Pacidic, this toe-dingeing ritual is held when the ti plant ripens Q: Walking on Fire $500 A: Since 1903, members of this New York City club have gone swimming in the icy Atlantic Q: Polar Bears ~~~~~~ Rivers ~~~~~~ $100 A: The Porcupine River flows into this U.S. state form the Yukon territory Q: Alaska $200 A: At Niagara Falls, 90% of the flow of the Niagara River goes over this fall Q: Horseshoe Falls $300 A: This river enters the east end of Lake Geneva near Montreux & leaves the west end in Geneva Q: Rhone $400 A: Though much of the Yangtze is navigable, very little of this 3000-mile long Chinese river is Q: Yellow River $500 A: Europe's 2nd-busiest airport serves frankfurt & is named for these two rivers Q: Rhine & Main ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rock 'N' Roll ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: August 5, 1957 was the first national broadcast of this TV teen show Q: American Bandstand $200 A: "Hey, Jude" was the Beatles' initial record for this, their own label Q: Apple Records $300 A: This former bantamweight could have written "Papa's got a brand-new punching bag" Q: James Brown $400 A: "East" & "West" followed this word in the names of Bill Graham's 60's rock halls Q: Fillmore $500 A: Bernie Taupin's partner, he bought the soccer club he had followed as a child Q: Elton John ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rock & Roll Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These girls were a comic punk novelty act before they "got the beat" Q: Go-Gos $200 A: Waylon Jennings was once a member of this, Buddy Holly's back-up group Q: Crickets $300 A: She was once a "beach boy," along with her husband, Daryl Dragon Q: Toni Tennille $400 A: Before "Sara Smile" they met by sharing an elevator to escape a gang fight Q: Hall & Oates $500 A: Year in the 1950's when the beatles were formed Q: 1959 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rocks & Minerals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Canine" phrase used to describe rock collecting enthusiasts Q: Rockhound $200 A: This mineral is crushed, powdered & glued onto paper to make disposable nail boards Q: Emery $300 A: This landmark at the mouth of the Mediterranean is a large block of limestone Q: Rock of Gibraltar $400 A: In "America the Beautiful," type of white gypsum used to describe the gleam of cities Q: Alabaster $500 A: Kimberlite, a mineral in which diamonds are found, was named for a city in this country Q: South Africa ~~~~~~~ Royalty ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Lord Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India, was the nephew of this last Czar of Russia Q: Nicholas II $200 A: When she died in 1982, the cover of "Newsweek" called her life "The Last Fairy Tale" Q: Princess Grace $300 A: Marco Polo served as an aide to this mongol ruler of China Q: Kublai Khan $400 A: American-born Lisa Halaby is now Queen Noor of this middle east country Q: Jordan $500 A: Officially, Baudouin I became king of this country on Tuesday, July 17, 1951 Q: Belgium ~~~~~ Rules ~~~~~ $100 A: The rules of Monopoly state that you win when this happens to all other players Q: Bankruptcy $200 A: The IRS says you must use this form if your taxable income is $50,000 or more Q: Form 1040 $300 A: According to the rules of lacrosse, they're the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands Q: Goalies $400 A: "Robert's rules of order" says you can withdraw one of these anytime before a vote, without a second Q: Motion $500 A: In chess, the rook and these 2 pieces are the only ones that can move the entire length of the board in one move Q: Queen & Bishop ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Russian History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It is believed that 1 in 3 Soviet citizens was an occasional informer for this police force Q: KGB $200 A: Russia lost 15,000 men & 300 aircraft in a recent war in this country Q: Afghanistan $300 A: In 1961, his body was moved from the Mausoleum in Red Square Q: Joseph Stalin $400 A: After being expelled in 1929, Leon Trotsky lived in Turkey, France, Norway, & finally this country Q: Mexico $500 A: Executed with his family by the Bolsheviks, he was the last reigning Czar of Russia Q: Nicholas II ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Saintly Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Minneapolis' "Twin," it's the capital of Minnesota Q: St Paul $200 A: California mission town which is the annual destination for famed swallows Q: San Juan Capistrand $300 A: The 8th most populous city in the world, it was once the capital of Brazil Q: Sao Paulo $400 A: Capital of the Dominican Republic & reputed site of Columbus' tomb Q: Santo Domingo $500 A: The poshest of all ski resorts Q: St Moritz ~~~~~~ Saints ~~~~~~ $100 A: This large Midwestern city is named for a greatly admired saint & king of France Q: Saint Louis $200 A: Legendary dragon slayer & rescuer of damsels in distress, he's the patron saint of England Q: Saint George $300 A: We sing a song about this kind & patron saint of Czechoslovakia at Christmastime Q: Good King Wenceslas $400 A: Lord chancellor of England in the 16th century, he didn't attain sainthood until 1935 Q: Saint Thomas More $500 A: Two of the saints with this name were from Thebes, Egypt & Padua, Italy Q: Anthony ~~~~~ Salad ~~~~~ $100 A: The name of this salad comes from the Dutch for "Cabbage Salad" Q: Coleslaw $200 A: Many molded salads depend on this basic ingredient to hold their shape Q: Gelatin $300 A: The German version of this popular salad contains bacon & vinegar & is often served hot Q: Potato Salad $400 A: Used to season salads, a "Chapon" is a dry crust of bread rubbed with this Q: Garlic $500 A: This salad dressing was named for a region shared by New York State & Ontario Q: Thousand Island ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ San Francisco ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Tony Bennett put his "heart" into singing this city's official song Q: San Francisco $200 A: Though it lasted just 48 seconds, this 1906 disaster equaled the force of about 6 million tons of TNT Q: Earthquake $300 A: In the late 19th century, San Francisco was the world capital of this maritime hunting industry Q: Whaling $400 A: A stagecoach is housed in the history room of this famous "old west" bank Q: Wells Fargo $500 A: Since San Francisco was named for St. Francis this Italian town was named its sister city in 1969 Q: Assisi ~~~~~~~~~~~ Scandinavia ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Viking who "discovered" America before Columbus Q: Leif Ericson $200 A: Narrow, shallow inlets common to Norway Q: Fjords $300 A: Over 90% of Scandinavians belong to this protestant religious denomination Q: Lutheran $400 A: Film director who vowed never to work in his native Sweden after being charged with tax evasion Q: Ingmar Bergman $500 A: Simple, up-to-date furniture style, from the country of Hans Christian Andersen Q: Danish Modern ~~~~~~~~~~~ School Food ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: One of these a day won't keep the teacher away, but kids keep trying Q: Apple $200 A: Food item called a "Coney Island," a "Tube Steak," or a "Footlong" Q: Hot Dog $300 A: "Starch & Dairy" duo that's traditional Friday cafeteria fare Q: Macaroni & Cheese $400 A: Plastic utensil that is a combination of a spoon & fork Q: Spork $500 A: Subject of 1981 controversy, this condiment never wound up as a vegetable Q: Catsup ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Land animal with the largest teeth Q: Elephant $200 A: Stratigraphy is a branch of this earth science Q: Geology $300 A: "Diffraction" refers to the way it bends Q: Light $400 A: The 2 primary ferrous metals are Iron & this Q: Steel $500 A: Natural vanilla flavoring comes from this tropical flower Q: orchid ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Newly discovered by an Australian astronomer, comet Bradfield is the brightest comet since this one Q: Halley's Comet $200 A: University of Iowa physicist who discovered 2 radiation belts encircling the earth Q: James Van Allen $300 A: Organic chemistry has been defined as the chemistry of this element and its compounds Q: Carbon $400 A: U.S. news says this "Father of the H-Bomb" may come to be known as "Father of Star Wars" too Q: Edward Teller $500 A: Nathaniel Hayward sold Charles Goodyear his process for treating rubber with this element Q: Sulfur ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st solvent widely used by modern dry cleaners, it was unleaded Q: Gasoline $200 A: It's our solar system's 2nd largest planet Q: Saturn $300 A: Depending on the length of the path this takes, thunder might be a short clap or a long rumble Q: Lightning $400 A: 20th century Austrian zoologist Karl Von Frisch discovered the dance of these insects Q: Bees $500 A: It's the special field of computer science trying to come up with machines that think for themselves Q: Artificial Intelligence ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's an alloy that contains 7.5% copper & 92.5% silver Q: Sterling Silver $200 A: 1 of the 1st devices used to store an electric charge, this jar was named for a Dutch city Q: Leyden Jar $300 A: His steel-making process involved blowing air through molten iron to oxidize impurities Q: Sir Henry Bessemer $400 A: Order of animal that includes man Q: Mammals $500 A: Division of the animal kingdom just below phylum Q: Class ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Galileo attempted to measure its speed by having men on hills flash lanterns at each other Q: Light $200 A: Stellar astronomy is the study of these Q: Stars $300 A: Prepared from alcohol by the action of "chloride of lime," it can put you to sleep Q: Chloroform $400 A: Avogadro's number is the total of these atom groups in a mole of any substance Q: Molecules $500 A: "Nature," according to ancient scientists, "abhors" one of these Q: Vacuum ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Everybody talks about it; a meteorologist studies it Q: Weather $200 A: Animals with a constant blood temperature are called this Q: Warm-Blooded $300 A: Common name for ethylene glycol, it's used in cars in winter Q: Anti-Freeze $400 A: Process by which plants make both food & oxygen Q: Photosynthesis $500 A: Name given to the temperature -273.15 degrees Celsius Q: Absolute Zero ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Part of your body in which you might find an amalgam of silver Q: Tooth $200 A: At sea level the speed of this is 332 meters per second Q: Sound $300 A: Name given to the simplest electron tubes, as they have just 2 main parts, a plate & an emitter Q: Diodes $400 A: Many of the salts of this element, whose symbol is "ag," are light sensitive Q: Silver $500 A: A foot-candle is a unit of illumination & a foot-pound is a unit of this Q: Work ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: A sound's repetition by reflection Q: Echo $200 A: He originated "the origin of species" Q: Charles Darwin $300 A: Singular form of the word "bacteria" Q: Bacterium $400 A: Negative particle that orbits an atom's nucleus Q: Electron $500 A: Cytology is the study of these biological building blocks Q: Cells ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Most living organisms have millions, but a prisoner has only 1 Q: Cell $200 A: A 5th century B.C. Greek philosopher was the 1st to theorize that all matter is made of these Q: Atoms $300 A: Term for creatures like vultures or hermit crabs, who eat carcasses & refuse Q: Scavengers $400 A: Days & Nights are always 12 hours long at this line Q: Equator $500 A: If you're studying mensuration, you're studying this Q: Measurement ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Robert W. Bunsen's hot item, invented in 1855 Q: Bunsen Burner $200 A: To Copernicus, it was the center of the universe Q: Sun $300 A: Made of glass or quartz, it's used to bend light rays or form rainbows Q: Prism $400 A: In 1774, we all "breathed" a sigh of relief when Joseph Priestly discovered this gas Q: Oxygen $500 A: Broadest method of classification of living things Q: Kingdom ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Science & Nature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Officially, a fly has this many wings Q: 2 $200 A: Hares living in cold regions are usually brown in the summer & this color in winter Q: White $300 A: The longest day of the year in Australia occurs in this month Q: December $400 A: An oologist is a scientist who studies these Q: Bird Eggs $500 A: Meaning "middle life," this geologic era saw the emergence of early mammals Q: Mesozoic Era ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Screenwriters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: John Huston & Ray Bradbury brought this Melville classic to the screen Q: Moby Dick $200 A: If you'd gone up & seen her sometime, she might have been writing "I'm No Angel" or "Klondike Annie" Q: Mae West $300 A: This star of "Harold & Maude" wrote "Pat & Mike" with her husband, Garson Kanin Q: Ruth Gordon $400 A: Author of "Exodus" who wrote the screenplay for "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" Q: Leon Uris $500 A: Charles Macarthur & Ben Hecht adapted "Wuthering Heights" for film but not this, their own 1928 hit play Q: Front Page ~~~~~~~~~ Sculpture ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His only signed work is the "Pieta" in the Vatican Q: Michelangelo $200 A: A gold statue of Prometheus Towers over the ice rink of this N.Y. landmark Q: Rockefeller Center $300 A: "Disarming" statue unearthed by a peasant on the Greek Island of Melos in 1820 Q: Venus De Milo $400 A: A Berlin museum is home to the famous bust of this Egyptian queen Q: Nefertiti $500 A: Though it represents a woman, his 5-story Chicago structure has been called a baboon Q: Pablo Picasso ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Seven Wonders ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dr. Livingstone named these African Falls, 1 of the 7 natural wonders of the world, for his queen Q: Victoria Falls $200 A: The ancient wonder of Olympia was a gold & silver statue of this king of the gods Q: Zeus $300 A: 90 miles from the last remaining ancient wonder, this waterway is 1 of the 7 modern wonders Q: Suez Canal $400 A: The hanging Gardens of Babylon hung in what's now this country Q: Iraq $500 A: Mexico's paricutin, the youngest of these in the western hemisphere, is also the newest of the natural wonders Q: Volcano ~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespeare ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Shakespeare described them as "A pair of star-crossed lovers" Q: Romeo & Juliet $200 A: Title character who said, "The play's the thing wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king" Q: Hamlet $300 A: Angered at the murder of Caesar, he said, "Cry 'Havoc!' & let slip the dogs of war" Q: Mark Antony $400 A: Mrs. Othello Q: Desdemona $500 A: The American Shakespeare festival theater is in Stratford "On Housatonic," a river in this state Q: Connecticut ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespearean Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Marc Antony said, "I come to bury" this man, "not to praise him" Q: Julius Caesar $200 A: Legend says at the 1st performance of "Macbeth" the boy actor set to play this major role died backstage Q: Lady Macbeth $300 A: Shakespeare wrote of her, "Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety" Q: Cleopatra $400 A: Saying, "Sweets to the sweet," she strews flowers on Ophelia's grave Q: Gertrude $500 A: She isn't allowed to marry before her "Shrew"ish sister Kate Q: Bianca ~~~~~~ Singer ~~~~~~ $100 A: It's "so emotional" for her to have the most consecutive no. 1 singles in history Q: Whitney Houston $200 A: After marrying a German this disco singer anglicized her last name by changing the "o" to "u" Q: Donna Summer $300 A: His 2 biggest hits as a singer have been from movie soundtracks: "Footloose" & "Danger Zone" Q: Kenny Loggins $400 A: "Hot Diggity," "Round & Round" & "Catch a Falling Star" were his 3 billboard no. 1 hits Q: Perry Como $500 A: This ex-Van Halen vocalist recorded his album "Eat 'Em & Smile" in both English & Spanish versions Q: David Lee Roth ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Singers & Dancers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jan. 8, 1991 was the 56th anniversary of this "king's" birth Q: Elvis Presley $200 A: On TV, this singing dancer sometimes wore brown shoe to play "Tenspeed" Q: Ben Vereen $300 A: This pop singer appeared with country star Gary Morris is the opera "La Boheme" Q: Linda Ronstadt $400 A: This "okie from muskogee" was really born in Bakersfield, Cal. Q: Merle Haggard $500 A: The great Russian ballerina's last words were "get my swan costume ready" Q: Anna Pavlova ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Singers' Autobiographies ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Back in the saddle again" Q: Gene Autry $200 A: "Coal miner's daughter" Q: Loretta Lynn $300 A: "With love," " the man in the straw hat," & "I remember it well" Q: Maurice Chevalier $400 A: These sisters titles their book, "Same Song, Separate Voices" Q: Lennon Sisters $500 A: Blue-eyed folk singer who wrote about her romance with Stacy Keach in "Trust Your Heart" Q: Judy Collins ~~~~~~ Snakes ~~~~~~ $100 A: Also called the horned viper or Egyptian cobra, it was the kiss of death for Cleopatra Q: Asp $200 A: The heaviest of all poisonous snakes, this rattler isn't "a girl's best friend" Q: Diamondback $300 A: A spitting cobra aims its poison at this part of a victim Q: Eyes $400 A: Small horned desert rattler named for its unique twisting method of locomotion Q: Sidewinder $500 A: "Red & yellow, kill the fellow" refers to coloring patterns found on this dangerous snake Q: Coral Snake ~~~~~~ Soccer ~~~~~~ $100 A: At the beginning of a game, the choice of goal & kickoff is decided by this Q: Coin Toss $200 A: Tackling is taking the ball away from an opponent by using these Q: Feet $300 A: Number of players fielded by a soccer team Q: 11 $400 A: As in football, this infraction is indicated by grasping the wrist with the opposite hand Q: Holding $500 A: Country in which the 1994 world cup tournament will be held Q: United States ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Solar System ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though named for the god of the sea, this planet appears to be green not blue Q: Neptune $200 A: Though at least 95% of the atmosphere of Venus is this gas, there are no plans yet for a Venus cola Q: Carbon Dioxide $300 A: In 1950, the 1st measurements of this planet were made with the 200-inch telescope on Mt. Palomar Q: Pluto $400 A: The point in the orbit of a planet or comet when it's closest to the sun Q: Perihelion $500 A: Of the 3 crew members of Apollo 11, the civilian Q: Neil Armstrong ~~~~~~~~~~~ Song Lyrics ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's what the band did when "Casey would waltz with a strawberry blonde" Q: Played On $200 A: "I'm gonna sit right down & write myself a letter, & make believe it" did this Q: Came From You $300 A: Roy Orbison was "Going back some day come what may" to this place 14 years before Linda Rostradt Q: Blue Bayou $400 A: In "Funny Girl," Fanny Brice sang, "Don't bring around a cloud to" do this Q: Rain On My Parade $500 A: These went "Zing!" in the title line that follows "Dear, with your lips to mine, a rhapsody divine" Q: The Strings of My Heart ~~~~~ Songs ~~~~~ $100 A: It's what "she'll be comin' round" Q: The Mountain $200 A: In 1956 and '57, fats Domino had back to back hits with this color in the title Q: Blue $300 A: Little Richard, the Everly brothers, & Kenny Rogers all sang about a woman named this Q: Lucille $400 A: Eliza Doolittle "could have" done this "all night! & still have begged for more" Q: Danced $500 A: Song from "Annie" that ends with "you're always a day away" Q: Tomorrow ~~~~~~~~~ Soul Food ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Mammy's little baby loves it Q: Shortnin' Bread $200 A: Also called groundnuts or goobers Q: Peanuts $300 A: A fried fritter named for the hungry dot it "hushed" Q: Hush Puppy $400 A: Hominy and Grits are both made of this grain Q: Corn $500 A: Southern pancake grain or a "Little Rascal" Q: Buckwheat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ South America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This "Land of Silver" exports more beef than any other South American country Q: Argentina $200 A: You'd "C" Cucuta, Cali & Cartagena in this country Q: Colombia $300 A: What you do with yerba mate Q: Drink It $400 A: In 1911, Hiram Bingham discovered ruins of the great medieval city of Machu Picchu in this country Q: Peru $500 A: With an October to February season, it's the only South American country whose national sport is baseball Q: Venezuela ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ South America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Oceangoing boats can travel 2300 miles up this river to Iquitos, Peru Q: Amazon $200 A: Over 1/3 of its population lives in its capital, Montevideo Q: Uruguay $300 A: The Spaniards named this country little Vernice, after the Italian city Q: Venezuela $400 A: The only 1 of the Guianas that's still a colony Q: French Guiana $500 A: Famous William Hudson novel that set in the South American jungle Q: Green Mansions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Space & Aviation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1979, Pioneer II revealed that its rings are composed of ice-covered rocks Q: Saturn $200 A: The magazine "Gleanings in Bee Culture" published the 1st complete account of their early flights Q: Wright Brothers $300 A: 90,002 Americans currently hold Pam Am reservations to this destination, & they're not taking any more Q: Moon $400 A: Hughes president Steven Dorfman told NASA they'd be reimbursed for trying to save 1 with a flyswatter Q: Satellite $500 A: It was the power source of the Gossamer Condor, launched in 1977 Q: Man ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Speak of the Dickens ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Almost every year from 1843 to 1867 Dickens wrote a special story or book for this holiday Q: Christmas $200 A: George Cruikshank did these for "Oliver Twist" while Hablot K Browne or "Phiz" did them for other works Q: Illustrations $300 A: The Defarges run a wine shop in this novel Q: A Tale of Two Cities $400 A: It was the 1st novel Dickens wrote in the 1st person, probably because it was so personal Q: David Copperfield $500 A: Dickens described this condition as "a London particular" in the novel "Bleak House" Q: Fog ~~~~~~~~ Spelling ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A space from which all or most of the air has been removed, or a Hoover Q: Vacuum $200 A: In fish restaurants, restrooms are often marked "gulls" & this Q: Buoys $300 A: Word always used to describe Al Yankovic, who "lost on Jeopardy" Q: Weird $400 A: To spell in an incorrect way Q: Misspell $500 A: From the French, a person employed to drive a motor vehicle Q: Chauffeur ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sport of Kings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nicknamed "The Shoe," he holds the record for single season wins Q: Willie Shoemaker $200 A: Type of betting whose name is from the French for "mutual stake" Q: Pari-Mutuel $300 A: The oldest race in the triple crown Q: Belmont Stakes $400 A: A 3/4 mile race is this long in furlongs Q: 6 $500 A: In 1919-20, this 4-legged "battleship" won 20 of 21 starts Q: Man O' War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sport of Kings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The pari-mutuel system lets you place one of these legally Q: Bet $200 A: A race where faster horses carry more weight than slower ones Q: Handicap Race $300 A: Racehorse that runs well on a wet track, or a Bronx mommy Q: Mudder $400 A: The oldest race in the triple crown Q: Belmont Stakes $500 A: In 1919-20, this 4-legged "battleship" won 20 of 21 starts Q: Man O'War ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: Sport which scores in increments of 1, 3, 6 and occasionally 2 points Q: Football $200 A: In baseball, if a fair ball pops out of the glove of an outfielder, & over the fence, it's ruled this Q: Home Run $300 A: When Judges' marks are announced for gymnastics events, these 2 scores are discarded Q: Highest & Lowest $400 A: Sport in which Australia might beat Pakistan by an inning & 21 runs Q: Cricket $500 A: In this, you get 1 point for each stone in the house & closer to the tee than any stone of the opposing side Q: Curling ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1982, Gordon Johncock won this auto race by only .16 seconds over Rick Mears Q: Indianapolis 500 $200 A: Its regulation circumference is 26-27" so watch out when it gets spiked at 70 M.P.H. Q: Volleyball $300 A: The 1st world championships of this ocean sport were held in the early 1960's in Australia Q: Surfing $400 A: Baseball was supposedly invented in this N.Y. village, now home to the Baseball Hall of Fame Q: Cooperstown $500 A: The 1950 U.S. defeat of England has been called the greatest upset in the history of this sport Q: Soccer ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: The team of Pam Shriver & this champion have won more women's doubles titles than any other team Q: Martina Navratilova $200 A: In golf, a bunker isn't a fortified position, but this type of hazard Q: Sand Trap $300 A: "Trick" term for a player scoring 3 goals in 1 game Q: Hat Trick $400 A: The only woman since Sonja Henie to win the gold in ladies' figure skating at 2 consecutive Olympics Q: Katarina Witt $500 A: After the Atlanta Braves went on a 17-game losing streak in 1977, he made himself the team's manager Q: Ted Turner ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: Nickname of the dragster Don Garlits Q: Big Daddy $200 A: In 1916, Georgia Tech beat Cumberland College 222-0 in this sport Q: Football $300 A: A hackel is a long, narrow neck feather, usually from a cock, used by fisherman to make these Q: Flies $400 A: After losing 737 games in just 7 years, they won the 1969 world series Q: New York Mets $500 A: Diving position where diver stays bent at hips with legs held straight & grasps the back of the knees Q: Pike ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the run for the roses in the Bluegrass State Q: Kentucky Derby $200 A: In Japan, its name is sumo, in nightclubs, its name is mud Q: Wrestling $300 A: Legendary site of the 1st baseball game & the baseball Hall of Fame Q: Cooperstown NY $400 A: Her hairstyle & style on the ice made her famous in the 1976 Olympics Q: Dorothy Hamill $500 A: Great-grandson of chief Black Hawk & one of the 1st in the NFL Hall of Fame Q: Jim Thorpe ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: A perfect score in bowling, or the length of a football field in feet Q: 300 $200 A: NFL & Major League Baseball teams are both named for this bird Q: Cardinal $300 A: Baseball's "earned run average" is a measure of prowess at this position Q: Pitcher $400 A: Total number of minutes in a pro basketball game Q: 48 $500 A: He was coach of the Chicago Bears for nearly 40 years Q: George Halas ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: When James Naismith invented it in 1891, he used peach baskets Q: Basketball $200 A: In a perfect game in this sport, you score 300 Q: Bowling $300 A: Joan Benoit's type of road race Q: Marathon $400 A: "The Hogs" block for this NFL team Q: Washington Redskins $500 A: After surviving a car wreck, this former Dodger catcher wrote "It's Good to be Alive" Q: Roy Campanella ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: Olympic sport divided into "freestyle" & "greco-roman" Q: Wrestling $200 A: In basketball it's dribbling with both hands or resuming to dribble after you've stopped Q: Double Dribbling $300 A: Baseball's senior circuit Q: National League $400 A: In hockey, where you're sitting if you're in the "sin bin" Q: Penalty Box $500 A: Sport where you could find someone working on the "chain gang" Q: Football ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: This popular offshoot of soccer evolved after Harvard insisted upon playing "the Boston game" Q: Football $200 A: Term for skiing across the face of a hill Q: Traversing $300 A: 4 horses died & only 9 of 29 finished in England's 1954 Grand National, this kind of race Q: Steeplechase $400 A: In 1934, as a beginning pro. this great heavyweight won only $52 for his 1st fight Q: Joe Louis $500 A: From the German for "bowling pin," it's a nickname for a bowler Q: Kegler ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Dates ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When he won the U.S. amateur golf title in 1959, this "Golden Bear" was just a cub Q: Jack Nicklaus $200 A: This Yankee "Iron Horse" played 2,219 games, beginning June 2, 1925 Q: Lou Gehrig $300 A: At a Penna High School in Feb. 1938, this athletic event was called due to fog--in the gym! Q: A Basketball Game $400 A: Wyoming seminary & Mansfield teachers college played the 1st night game in this sport in 1892 Q: Football $500 A: On July 4, 1981, John McEnroe stopped him from winning a 6th straight Wimbledon championship Q: Bjorn Borg ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Stadiums ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The house that Ruth built" Q: Yankee Stadium $200 A: Boston's "green monster" is in this stadium Q: Fenway Park $300 A: Major league baseball's 1st domed stadium is in this city Q: Houston $400 A: The Chicago Cubs can now go out and play at night here Q: Wrigley Field $500 A: Ann Arbor school that has the largest U.S. college stadium Q: University of Michigan ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, Andre the Giant & "The Road Warrior" are among the "Heavies" in this sport Q: Wrestling $200 A: The British Princess competed in Equestrian events in the 1976 Olympics Q: Anne $300 A: From Scandinavian for "shoot," its goal is hitting clay targets thrown into the air Q: Skeet Shooting $400 A: Pitching for the Yankees, he threw a perfect game in the 1956 world series Q: Don Larsen $500 A: At 200' below sea level, the lowest golf course in the world is in this California "Low" spot Q: Death Valley ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Until the speedway was built in 1959, the auto races were held on this Florida beach Q: Daytona Beach $200 A: In 1927 the Toronto St. Patricks took this more botanical name Q: Maple Leafs $300 A: Field position in baseball in which one can get "knocked out of the box" Q: Pitcher $400 A: In 1 day, May 25, 1935, he equaled or broke 4 track & field world records Q: Jesse Owens $500 A: Oreo cookie eater whose Palm Springs LPGA tournament is sponsored by Nabisco Q: Dinah Shore ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A perfect score in figure skating Q: 6 $200 A: Italy & this South American nation have won the most world cups in soccer Q: Brazil $300 A: The real name of this great middleweight was Walker Smith, Jr. Q: Sugar Ray Robinson $400 A: IN 1924, this Boston team was the 1st American team to join the NHL Q: Bruins $500 A: Game where 2 four-man teams slide stones over ice toward a circle Q: Curling ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At age 21, Dwight Filley Davis donated this sport's famous cup Q: Tennis $200 A: Sport whose front line could be abbreviated LE, LT, LG, C, RG, RT, RE Q: Football $300 A: This paper celebrated its 100th anniversary on March 11, 1986 Q: Sporting News $400 A: Shoichi Nakajima did it from Korea to Japan & plans to try it from Hawaii to San Francisco Q: Windsurf $500 A: When Bernhard Langer won this April tourney, he became Germany's most famous golfer since Hermann Tissies Q: Masters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "B" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Goodyear's gasbag Q: Blimp $200 A: Nickname of Gil Gerard's futuristic captain William Rogers Q: Buck $300 A: In the proverb, a "new one" sweeps clean Q: Broom $400 A: Quality of a Scot's brogue which makes the "R" r-r-r-oll Q: Burr $500 A: Australian bay named for the many plants growing on its shore Q: Botany Bay ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "G" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This blessing can be said either before or after a meal Q: Grace $200 A: A notable exploit, whether or not it's performed by a man named Beau Q: Geste $300 A: It's the short last name of John Robert, the Irishman known for his shorthand Q: Gregg $400 A: From the word for hunted meat, it can mean off-color or off-flavor Q: Gamy $500 A: Stheno, Euryale, & Medusa Q: Gorgons ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "G" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: First American to orbit the Earth in space Q: John Glenn $200 A: "Oscar" is to acting as this is to music Q: Grammy $300 A: "Adolescent" version of the cucumber Q: Gherkin $400 A: "Away he'll shlep with his elephant shep, while Stella & Ursula sway in step" Q: George of the Jungle $500 A: This poisonous lizard is only found in the southwest U.S. Q: Gila Monster ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "H" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hawaiian hip heaving Q: Hula $200 A: Half the earth Q: Hemisphere $300 A: A football "conference" or to gather together for warmth Q: Huddle $400 A: Bruce banner's incredible bad side Q: Hulk $500 A: The height of horse is measured in these 4-inch units Q: Hands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "K" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Popular type of Japanese theater Q: Kabuki $200 A: If a Scotsman's skirt is crooked, you might say it's "out of" this Q: Kilter $300 A: These have been worn since the 7th centure, but the familiar wide obis weren't added until over 1,000 years later Q: Kimonos $400 A: Pretentious bad taste, especially in the arts Q: Kitsch $500 A: Sudanese capital whose name means elephant's trunk Q: Khartoum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "Kn" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A short, thick German sausage Q: Knockwurst $200 A: It was Tennessee's 1st state capital Q: Knoxville $300 A: A trinket, a gewgaw Q: Knickknack $400 A: A varlet Q: Knave $500 A: A hilarious joke might be described as "a real" one of these Q: Kneeslapper ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "M" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Daniel Boone's cherokee chum, played by Ed Ames Q: Mingo $200 A: Planet Flash Gorden saved the Earth from Q: Mongo $300 A: Native to India, this tree of the Sumax family, is prized for its fruit Q: Mango $400 A: Goes with "Jerrie" for a T.S. Eliot cat Q: Mungo $500 A: When it precedes "cane," it's a dog's world Q: Mondo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "U" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A "Monocycle" Q: Unicycle $200 A: Howard, Emory, & Rice, among others Q: Universities $300 A: A final proposition or demand made by 1 of 2 negotiating parties Q: Ultimatum $400 A: In psychology the part of the mind that rarely has awareness Q: Unconscious $500 A: Formerly called Urga, it's the capital of Mongolia Q: Ulan Bator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "V" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: From Latin for "hunting," it's the flesh of a deer Q: Venison $200 A: Broadcasting's VOA stands for this Q: Voice of America $300 A: Vanuatu, Vatican City, & these two other independent countries begin with V Q: Vietnam & Venezuela $400 A: From the old French "To come." it's the location of a gathering such as an Olympic event Q: Venue $500 A: The foremost position in an army or fleet Q: Vanguard ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts With "Vi" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cranberries grow on these Q: Vines $200 A: A treacherous person or a venomous snake Q: Viper $300 A: From a French word for "face," it's the front piece of a knight's helmet Q: Visor $400 A: A, C, D, E, or K Q: Vitamin $500 A: Government official whose title means "in place of the king" Q: Viceroy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts With "W" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In professional boxing, it's the classification of a boxer whose weight is 136-147 pounds Q: Welterweight $200 A: Warp, weft & woof are terms used in this process Q: Weaving $300 A: While skiers "think snow," river rafters think this Q: White Water $400 A: Business lunches, interest charges, & alimony, for example Q: Write-Offs $500 A: This 20th century newspaperman is credited with making the gossip column a regular feature in newspapers Q: Walter Winchell ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Juneau was its capital when it became a U.S. state; Sitka was its capital under Russian rule Q: Alaska $200 A: Originally called "Waterloo," it's the capital of Texas Q: Austin $300 A: State whose capital is properly pronounced "peer" Q: South Dakota $400 A: Though Augusta, GA is much larger, the only Augusta that's a state capital is here Q: Maine $500 A: State capital that's home to a service academy Q: Annapolis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Until 1875 its dual capitals were Hartford & New Haven Q: Connecticut $200 A: This New Mexico town is the oldest city that's a state capital Q: Santa Fe $300 A: Crossing the Delaware on Christmas Day, 1776, Washington defeated the Hessians at this New Jersey Capital Q: Trenton $400 A: It actually is 5,280 feet above sea level Q: Denver $500 A: It's the capital of the nation's smallest & most densely populated state Q: Providence ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Holidays ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Kamehameha Day is celebrated on June 11 in this state Q: Hawaii $200 A: In Maryland, Vermont, New Hampshire & South Dakota, it's always observed on May 30 Q: Memorial Day $300 A: Huey P. Long Day, August 30, is a holiday in this state, but only if proclaimed by the governor Q: Louisiana $400 A: October holiday called pioneer's day in South Dakota & discoverer's day in Hawaii Q: Columbus Day $500 A: May 8th, his birthday, is a legal holiday in Missouri Q: Harry S Truman ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ States in Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's where I came from with a banjo on my knee Q: Alabama $200 A: According to the Beach Boys' hit, it's the state with the cutest girls in the world Q: California $300 A: Elvis sang of this state's rain; Neil Diamond of it woman Q: Kentucky $400 A: In alternative lyrics to "I've Been Working on the Railroad," this state's eyes are upon you Q: Texas $500 A: Patti Page Hit that is an official song of a southern state Q: Tennessee Waltz ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Super Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's been played by Reeves & Reeve Q: Superman $200 A: There's no need to fear knowing that Wally Cox gave this hero his voice Q: Underdog $300 A: Rodent who would cry, here I am, to save the day" Q: Mighty Mouse $400 A: His archenemy, Dr. Sivana, nicknamed him "The Big Cheese" Q: Captain Marvel $500 A: Originally Reed Richards, his wife Sue, the Human Torch & the Thing Q: Fantastic Four ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Superstitions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: They say it's bad luck to put this shoe on 1st Q: Left $200 A: Supposedly, a bee can't do this while you're holding your breath Q: Sting You $300 A: Sticking a piece of this on the top of a baseball cap bring good luck to the team Q: Chewing Gum $400 A: Dark-colored socks with this color toes protect you from being tripped by elves Q: White $500 A: A mouse, roasted, minced & eaten, will cure a child of this childhood disease Q: Measles ~~~~~~ Sweets ~~~~~~ $100 A: The "Joy of cooking" recipe for these makes "About 8 5" long fat men or 16 thinner ones" Q: Gingerbread Men $200 A: These desserts can be Indian, cottage, cabinet or rice Q: Puddings $300 A: Pastry chefs know that sugar is mixed with these to make meringue Q: Egg Whites $400 A: Pralines are most commonly made with this nut Q: Pecan $500 A: The part of Great Britain best known for its shortbread Q: Scotland ~~~~~~~~~~~ Switzerland ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Swiss national hero known for shooting an apple off his son's head Q: William Tell $200 A: Johanna Spyri's children's classic about a mountain girl Q: Heidi $300 A: Its 4 national languages are German, French, Romanish & this Q: Italian $400 A: The "Gnomes of Zurich" are these Q: Bankers $500 A: What a swiss state is called or the name of a large city in China Q: Canton ~~~~~~~~~~ Technology ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the 1960's, most beverage cans were made of steel; now most are made of this Q: Aluminum $200 A: Otis built a new 29-story skyscraper without offices to test elevators & these Q: Escalators $300 A: In 1984, for the 1st time, the Census Bureau megan keeping track of these non-human workers Q: Robots $400 A: In November 1936 a government corporation in this country began the world's 1st scheduled TV programming Q: Great Britain $500 A: This building material consists of sun-dried mud brick reinforced with straw Q: Adobe ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This NBC series won Emmys in 8 categories in 1981, a single-season record Q: Hill Street Blues $200 A: Fred MacMurray was considered for this role before Raymond Burr landed it Q: Perry Mason $300 A: Name of the variety show Rob Petrie wrote for Q: Alan Brady Show $400 A: This sitcom could have been called "Fred & Lamont" Q: Sanford & Son $500 A: The "coke time" crooner of the 50's Q: Eddie Fisher ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nickname for the "Pacific Princess," it was also the name of a series Q: Love Boat $200 A: Rhoda," "Phyllis," & Lou Grant" were all spun off this series Q: The Mary Tyler Moore Show $300 A: According to the title, How Ann Romano Brought Up Julie & Barbara Q: One Day at a Time $400 A: Bette Davis checked into & out of this series Q: Hotel $500 A: Laura Holt's "Iron Man," played by Pierce Brosnan Q: Remington Steele ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Actor who traded his female finery on "M.A.S.H" for a suit & tie in "Aftermash" Q: Jamie Farr $200 A: After "Hart to Hart" she co-starred in the miniseries "Mistral's daughter" Q: Stefanie Powers $300 A: He left his "prairie" home for a "highway to heaven" Q: Michael Landon $400 A: We "wonder" if you remember she was Loni Anderson's partner in "Partners in Crime" Q: Lynda Carter $500 A: Late star whose daughter Kate appeared with him in the miniseries "Ellis Island" Q: Richard Burton ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's gone from Chachi in Milwaukee to "Charles in charge" Q: Scott Baio $200 A: In "He & She", Richard Benjamin was He and this actress, his wife was She Q: Paula Prentiss $300 A: Branch of the service where "Major Dad" serves Q: Marine Corps $400 A: State Dick Loudon's Inn is in Q: Vermont $500 A: Thursday night stars Phylicia Ayers-Allen & Judith light both came from this soap Q: One Life to Live ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tennessee Williams ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Season he paired with "smoke" & "suddenly" Q: Summer $200 A: "The Roman spring of Mrs. Stone" was one of only two he had published Q: Novels $300 A: Play which featured a gentleman caller & was originally called "the gentleman caller" Q: The Glass Menagerie $400 A: His real first name Q: Thomas $500 A: He rewrote the 3rd act of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" at the request of this stage & screen director Q: Elia Kazan ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1700's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1796, the population of this Asian nation was 275 million Q: China $200 A: In 1755, an earthquake killed 30,000 people in this Portuguese city Q: Lisbon $300 A: In 1709, Russian prisoners were sent here for the first time Q: Siberia $400 A: The last eruption of this Japanese Volcano occurred in 1707 Q: Fujiyama $500 A: The U.S. congress met for the 1st time under the constitution in this year Q: 1789 ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1930's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1939 he said, "as soon as I've carried out my program for Germany, I shall take up painting" Q: Adolf Hitler $200 A: In 1933, the Mayo Clinic established the 1st "bank" of this type Q: Blood Bank $300 A: His entire reign as king of England was in 1936 Q: Edward VIII $400 A: Constantinople officially changed its name to this in 1930 Q: Istanbul $500 A: In 1931, he received an 11-year sentence for tax evasion, but was released mortally ill, in 1939 Q: Al Capone ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1950's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A reproduction of this famous ship sailed from Plymouth, England to Massachusetts in 1957 Q: Mayflower $200 A: Testifying before a senate committee in 1957, teamster president Dave Beck invoked this some 80 times Q: Fifth Amendment $300 A: In April 1955, for the 1st time in 33 years of publication, reader's digest carried these Q: Advertisements $400 A: Occupation of William Howard Mays that put him in the news Q: Baseball Player $500 A: This industrialist sold RKO Pictures to general tire in July 1955 Q: Howard Hughes ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1970's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After he died January 13, 1978, his widow Muriel was appointed to fill out his senate term Q: Hubert Humphrey $200 A: He escaped 2 assassination attempts in September 1975 Q: Gerald Ford $300 A: On November 16, 1973 president Nixon signed the bill authorizing construction of this 789-mile long project Q: Alaska Pipeline $400 A: In 1975 NASA launched Viking I & II, & in 1977 launched 2 space probes with this name Q: Voyager $500 A: In 1976 president Ford awarded this piano virtuoso the medal of freedom, the highest U.S. civilian honor Q: Arthur Rubinstein ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The 20th Century ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1950, its command in Korea included the U.S. 8th army & the Republic of Korea army Q: United Nations $200 A: Albania declared itself independent of this empire in November 1912 Q: Ottoman Empire $300 A: In June 1947, 90 tons of food were sent to war-ravaged Italy by this Argentine president Q: Juan Peron $400 A: Born in a Tennessee log cabin, Cordell Hull held this cabinet post from 1933-44 Q: Secretary of State $500 A: In 1927 the supreme court ruled the lease of these Wyoming oil reserves fraudulent Q: Teapot Dome ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The 20th Century ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was assassinated October 6, 1981, 8 years to the day after he launched the Yom Kippur War Q: Anwar Sadat $200 A: In 1986, the U.S. suspended our Anzus Treaty obligations to this country due to its ban on nuclear weapons Q: New Zealand $300 A: In August 1988, U.S. Secretary General Perez De Cuellar announced a cease fire between these 2 nations Q: Iran & Iraq $400 A: To symbolize their resolve not to fight each other again, these 2 countries built the Christ of the Andes Q: Chile & Argentina $500 A: The 1919 massacre of Indian nationalists in this city was portrayed in the 1982 film "Gandhi" Q: Amritsar ~~~~~~~~ The 30's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In October 1939, Dupont brought out stockings made of this artificial fiber Q: Nylon $200 A: The Mrs. Putnam who disappeared over the Pacific in 1937 Q: Amelia Earhart $300 A: The British actress who won an Oscar for her role in 1939's "Best Picture" Q: Vivien Leigh $400 A: The bandleader of "Baker's broadcast," he married co-star Harriet Hilliard Q: Ozzie Nelson $500 A: On March 3, 1931, this president made "The Star Spangled Banner" our national anthem Q: Herbert Hoover ~~~~~~~~ The 30's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In theater, Kaufman & Ferber's "dinner" time Q: Eight $200 A: Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings novel that won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize Q: The Yearling $300 A: Winter Olympic champ in '32 who "iced" her success with movie stardom Q: Sonja Henie $400 A: India's "great soul" who began "a fast unto death" in 1932 Q: Mahatma Gandhi $500 A: In 1933, Joe Zangara killed Chicago's mayor Cernak but missed this main target Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt ~~~~~~~~ The 40's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though "faster than a speeding bullet," he was ruled 4-F Q: Superman $200 A: By war's end, they had banked over 13 million units of blood for plasma Q: Red Cross $300 A: Not his sining, but a lack of lunch caused a fan to swoon at his paramount theater concert Q: Frank Sinatra $400 A: Destination of McArthur's "I shall return" Q: The Philippines $500 A: Wartime pseudonym of Mrs. Iva Toguri D'Aquino Q: Tokyo Rose ~~~~~~~~ The 50's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Developer William J. Levitt built 3 suburban communities all named this Q: Levittown $200 A: After posing for pictures, she was asked what she had on & replied, "the radio" Q: Marilyn Monroe $300 A: John & Stewart Alsop Revived the word "egghead" to describe this candidate's supporters Q: Adlai Stevenson $400 A: San Francisco police confiscated this beat poet's epic "howl" when it 1st came out Q: Allen Ginsberg $500 A: "Brown vs. Board of Education" dealt with school segregation in this Midwest city Q: Topeka Kansas ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Americas ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Spaniards named this Central American country the "rich coast" Q: Costa Rica $200 A: The only borough of NYC not connected to Manhattan by a bridge or tunnel Q: Staten Island $300 A: Niagara Falls borders on this Canadian province Q: Ontario $400 A: This capital of the largest U.S. state is twice the size of the smallest state Q: Juneau $500 A: The only country with a flag whose front & back differ, its capital is Asuncion Q: Paraguay ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When "Joshua fit the battle of Jericho," these took a tumble Q: Walls $200 A: His price was 30 pieces of silver Q: Judas $300 A: Jesus urged, "don't cast your pearls before..." them Q: Swine $400 A: Though it means "city of peace," it's seen over 30 wars, the last in 1967 Q: Jerusalem $500 A: According to 1st Timothy, love of this is "the root of all evil" Q: Money ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This doubter wanted to put his finger into the nail marks on Jesus' palm Q: Thomas $200 A: In Exodus 3, one of these burned, but wouldn't burn up Q: Bush $300 A: Nephew whom Abraham rescued in Genesis 14, he also needed rescuing from Sodom by Genesis 19 Q: Lot $400 A: King whose reign was so rich that silver was said to have been as common as stones in Jerusalem Q: Solomon $500 A: It's the battlefield where good & evil will fight their final battle Q: Armageddon ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jesus catered a dinner for thousands with 7 loaves of bread & a few of these Q: Fish $200 A: Both Joseph in the old testament & Jesus in the new were "sold" for this substance Q: Silver $300 A: He was a harp player as well as a giant killer Q: David $400 A: The 12 tribes of Israel were named for his sons Q: Jacob $500 A: "The last supper" was an observance of this Jewish holiday Q: Passover ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The Lord gave & the Lord hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord," he said patiently Q: Job $200 A: The old testament has two books of kings, Chronicles, and of this prophet Q: Samuel $300 A: "As for me & my house, we shall serve the Lord," said this successor to Moses Q: Joshua $400 A: The Lord gave this son to Ada & Eve to take the place of Abel Q: Seth $500 A: The people of Lystra believed he & Barnabas were the gods Mercury & Jupiter Q: Paul ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This group is probably best known for the Bibles it places in hotel rooms Q: Gideons $200 A: The last word of the new testament Q: Amen $300 A: Abraham was four scope & 7 years old when this son born to him by Hagar turned 1 Q: Ishmael $400 A: The lyrics of The Byrds' hit "turn, turn, turn" come from this book of the Bible Q: Ecclesiastes $500 A: Now-disputed strip of land where Samson brought down the house Q: Gaza ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Signs that a person was "in" this included torn clothes, ashes on the dead, & wearing sackcloth Q: Mourning $200 A: He encouraged his son Solomon to build the temple & even gave him the plans Q: King David $300 A: Deuteronomy ends with his death at age 120 on a mountain overlooking the promised land Q: Moses $400 A: Jesus told his disciples, "the very hairs of your head are all" this Q: Numbered $500 A: According to Mark, he was the "voice crying in the wilderness" Q: John the Baptist ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to the Bible, he gave Eve her name Q: Adam $200 A: The 2nd book of the old testament Q: Exodus $300 A: Idol built of old jewelry while Moses was on the mountain Q: Golden Calf $400 A: Jewish holiday when the Book of Esther is read Q: Purim $500 A: As he was riding it, his ass spoke to him Q: Balaam ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Among the 31 kings he smote were the kings of Megiddo, Dor & Jericho Q: Joshua $200 A: Jewish holiday that commemorates the events in Exodus 12 Q: Passover $300 A: In Exodus 3:5, God ordered him to take his shoes off Q: Moses $400 A: The 2 types of birds Noah sent out to check for dry land Q: Dove & Raven $500 A: He was stoned at Lystra Q: Paul ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Big Top ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Circus" is Latin for these, of which most large American circuses have 3 Q: Rings $200 A: You'd flip, flip, flip over A. Concello, the 1st woman to perform this stunt on the flying trapeze Q: Triple Somersault $300 A: In 1826, Howe & Turner were the 1st to present their shows in one of these Q: Tent $400 A: Fancy name for a tightrope walker Q: Funambulist $500 A: This Florida city, called "Circus City," is the home of the ringling museum Q: Sarasota ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Body Human ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Over 400 of these account for about 40% of your body's weight, more perhaps for Arnold Schwarzenegger Q: Muscles $200 A: Nails grow from this top layer of skin Q: Epidermis $300 A: Heartburn is not a burning sensation in the heart but in this tube Q: Esophagus $400 A: The anatomical name for the voice box Q: Larynx $500 A: This hormone causes cells to take in & use sugar from the bloodstream Q: Insulin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The British Isles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It shares an island with Scotland & Wales Q: England $200 A: This country's highest mountain range, Magillycuddy's reeks, only reach to 3,419 feet Q: Ireland $300 A: "Nationality" of the melted chesse dish known as rarebit, no matter where you eat it Q: Welsh $400 A: Cats, dogs & budgerigars, an Aussie variety of these, are the most popular English pets Q: Parakeets $500 A: The "royal" & "sadler's wells company" are the 2 principal London practitioners of this art form Q: Opera ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Carolinas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This author, once stationed at Charleston as a sergeant major, used it as his setting for "The Gold Bug" Q: Edgar Allan Poe $200 A: This island was named for an 18th century treasurer of South Carolina; tell it to the marines Q: Parris Island $300 A: The largest city in the Carolinas bears this woman's name Q: Charlotte $400 A: These, on the border between North Carolina & Tennessee, were named for the haze hanging over them Q: Great Smoky Mountains $500 A: Governor John White of North Carolina was the grandfather of this 1st English child born in the Americas Q: Virginia Dare ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Carolinas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This author, once stationed at Charleston as a sergeant major, used it as his setting for "the gold bug" Q: Edgar Allan Poe $200 A: This island was named for an 18th century treasurer of South Carolina; tell it to the marines Q: Parris Island $300 A: The largest city in the Carolinas bears this woman's name Q: Charlotte $400 A: These, on the border between North Carolina & Tennessee, were named for the haze hanging over them Q: Great Smoky Mountains $500 A: Governor John White of North Carolina was the grandfather of this 1st English child born in the Americas Q: Virginia Dare ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though shots fired at this Garrison started the war, no casualties resulted Q: Fort Sumter $200 A: He was Lincoln's first choice to lead the Union Army Q: Robert E. Lee $300 A: State that seceded from state that seceded Q: West Virginia $400 A: General nicknamed "Uncle Billy" who believed in total war Q: William Tecumseh Sherman $500 A: John Breckinridge, who held this office under Buchanan, became a confederate general Q: Vice President ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Completes the inscription on a Civil War campaign medal "with malic toward none, with..." Q: Charity For All $200 A: Present at Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, he went on to lose a June 1876 Indian battle Q: George Armstrong Custer $300 A: The widow of confederate general B.H. Helm was offered amnesty because she was this woman's half sister Q: Mary Todd Lincoln $400 A: Known for his charge at Gettysburg, he sold insurance after the war Q: George Pickett $500 A: As secretary of state at the time, he signed the Emancipation Proclamation as a witness Q: William Seward ~~~~~~~~~~ The Comics ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: There's a statue of him in Crystal City, Texas, erected by spinach growers Q: Popeye $200 A: This bow-tied redhead has been going to Riverdale High for over 45 years Q: Archie Andrews $300 A: The Walt Kelly comic character who first said, "We have met the enemy & he is us" Q: Pogo $400 A: Bratty brothers whose German name means both "hangover" & the yowling of cats" Q: Katzenjammer Kids $500 A: On December 15, Peanuts' Schroeder celebrates that birthday of this man Q: Beethoven ~~~~~~~~~~ The Comics ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: There's a statue of him in Crystal City, Texas, "spinach capital of the world" Q: Popeye $200 A: Neighbor whom Dennis the Menace mostly menaces Q: Mr. Wilson $300 A: Batman's enemy, the Joker, has hair this color Q: Green $400 A: The adjective that most often describes Hagar Q: Horrible $500 A: In 1969, the crew of Apollo 10 named its Lunar Module after this comic strip pet Q: Snoopy ~~~~~~~~~~ The Desert ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Types of these include old-man, hedgehog & barrel Q: Cacti $200 A: This "lowest point" figured in Ronald Reagan's career Q: Death Valley $300 A: Greek for "fertile land," buildings are built around, but not on, one of these watering spots Q: Oasis $400 A: Artist famous for her paintings of the deserts of the American southwest Q: Georgia O'Keefe $500 A: Coldest, most northern desert in the world Q: Gobi ~~~~~~~~~ The Emmys ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This best children's series of 1955 was a real dog Q: Lassie $200 A: Calypso singer who was the 1st black to win an Emmy Q: Harry Belafonte $300 A: 60's winner starring Rowan & Martin Q: Laugh-In $400 A: After 13 years on this western, "doc" won an Emmy Q: Gunsmoke $500 A: Current late night host whose daytime show won an Emmy after being canceled Q: David Letterman ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Funnies ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This fat cat celebrated his 10th anniversary with a TV special in May 1988 on CBS Q: Garfield $200 A: In June 1988 she fell in love with Sluggo but he was afraid to commit so it only lasted a week Q: Nancy $300 A: This creator of "Steve Canyon" died in April 1988 Q: Milton Caniff $400 A: He rules his legion fort with an iron fist, literally Q: Vermin Crock $500 A: The last name of this comic strip couple is sometimes Flagston Q: Hi & Lois ~~~~~~~~ The Home ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of the average shower & bath, the one that uses less water Q: Shower $200 A: The food elevator named for the silent service it provides Q: Dumbwaiter $300 A: Tuber that soaks up excess salt when added to your stew Q: Potato $400 A: Trickle, trundle, Murphy & now futons Q: Beds $500 A: These roung wooden shingles give houses a rustic look Q: Shakes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Human Body ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A phalanx, it's often stubbed Q: Toe $200 A: Off the top of my head, I'd say it's at the top of the axial skeleton Q: Skull $300 A: Longest, strongest bone in the body Q: Femus $400 A: It's a spherical structure about 1" in diameter, with a pronounced bulge on its forward surface Q: Eye $500 A: In the average person they comprise about 40% of the body's weight Q: Muscles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The King's English ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The additional letter in the British spelling of "honor" & "color" Q: U $200 A: What w.c. literally stands for Q: Water Closet $300 A: What a "minder" is Q: Bodyguard $400 A: An American family goes on vacation while a British family goes on this Q: Holiday $500 A: If you get into a tube you're not mailing yourself, you're in one of these Q: Subway ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Lone Ranger ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Horse to whom the ranger yelled, "hi-yo" Q: Silver $200 A: The radio series began in 1933 on WXYZ in this Michigan city Q: Detroit $300 A: After the 1981 movie, TV's Calyton Moore was forbidden by the court to wear this Q: Mask $400 A: Source of the Lone Ranger's income & ammunition Q: Silver Mine $500 A: Modern masked hero, Brit Reid, great-nephew of the Lone Ranger, John Reid Q: Green Hornet ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Military ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: All men must serve in the militia or pay a tax in this nation known for its neutrality Q: Switzerland $200 A: In a club or organization, this "military" officer keeps order Q: Sergeant at Arms $300 A: Navy duty drawn by Jack Nicholson in "The Last Detail" Q: Shore Patrol $400 A: Independent peasant soldiers of the Ukraine known for their horsemanship Q: Cossacks $500 A: British equivalent of America's west point Q: Sandhurst ~~~~~~~~ The Navy ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the war of 1812, captain James Lawrence gave this famous dying command Q: Don't Give Up the Ship $200 A: Acronym for "women accepted for volunteer emergency service" Q: Waves $300 A: Nickname for the "U.S.S. constitution" Q: Old Ironsides $400 A: In the declaration of independence, it's after "life," but in the Navy, it's after a long cruise Q: Liberty $500 A: The U.S. Naval Academy is in this state Q: Maryland ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The New World ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1862, La Salle claimed the lower Mississippi country for Louis XIV, calling it this Q: Louisiana $200 A: On February 6, 1952 she was proclaimed queen of Canada Q: Queen Elizabeth II $300 A: Discoverer of South America's Iguacu Falls, his name means "head of a cow" Q: Cabeza De Vaca $400 A: On September 7, 1922 Pedro declared this country's independence from Portugal Q: Brazil $500 A: In 1664, the English in the name of the Duke of this, seized Manhattan from the Dutch Q: York ~~~~~~~~~ The Ocean ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At 35,800 feet below sea level, it is the deepest spot in the ocean Q: Mariana Trench $200 A: The name for the tide flowing seaward Q: Ebb $300 A: Floating layer of microscopic marine life, it comes from the Greek word "to wander" Q: Plankton $400 A: Starfish are threatening this famous Australian coral formation Q: Great Barrier Reef $500 A: Thinking it flowed west, Ben Franklin misnamed this Caribbean current Q: Gulf Stream ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Odds Are ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After a coin has landed heads up 5 times, the odds of head on a new flip Q: Fifty-Fifty $200 A: In the U.S., it's 200 to 1 against getting a letter printed in dear Abby's or this twin's column Q: Ann Landers $300 A: In New Orleans, the odds are even that a thunderstorm will occur during the day in these 2 summer months Q: July & August $400 A: Odds change constantly until game time in this sport of Basque origin Q: Jai-Alai $500 A: American soldiers faced the greatest odds ever, 1 in 5, of dying during this war Q: Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Olympics ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1984, he became the 1st man since 1928 to win both the platform springboard diving events Q: Greg Louganis $200 A: The 500-meter version of this is the quickest timed event in the winter games, with a record of 36.45 seconds Q: Men's Speed Skating $300 A: This type of equestrian race was added to the ancient games in 680 B.C. Q: Chariot Racing $400 A: After the 1992 winter games in Albertville, France, the next winter games will be held in this year Q: 1994 $500 A: Competing in the 1924 & 1928 games, this U.S. swimmer won a total of 5 gold medals Q: Johnny Weissmuller ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His Oscar in 1932 wasn't for building a better mousetrap but a better mouse Q: Walt Disney $200 A: Laurence Olivier won Oscars as a king in Henry V and as a prince in this film Q: Hamlet $300 A: He has been nominated 3 times for acting in Italian language films; the latest was for "Dark Eyes" Q: Marcello Mastroianni $400 A: 3 of the 1st 4 actresses to win Oscars were born in this country, not the U.S. Q: Canada $500 A: His 1st directing nomination was for "last tango in Paris;" he won for directing "The Last Emperor" Q: Bernardo Bertolucci ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A 1950's Oscar-winning film was "All About" her Q: Eve $200 A: Song winner popularized by Debbie Boone that "lit up" the screen in 1977 Q: You Light Up My Life $300 A: He won the only acting award given posthumously, for the role in which he dies in "network" Q: Peter Finch $400 A: She won best actress for 1988's "The Accused" Q: Jodie Foster $500 A: She was the 1st black to win an Oscar Q: Hattie McDaniel ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This film of Forster's 1924 novel of British colonial rule picked up 2 Oscars Q: A Passage to India $200 A: His role in 1940's "Philadelphia Story" earned him an Oscar Q: James Stewart $300 A: Surgeon Haing S. Ngor won for his acting debut in this film which paralleled his life Q: The Killing Fields $400 A: Though he played "Amadeus," he lost the Oscar to co-star F. Murray Abraham Q: Tom Hulce $500 A: His "Life & Times" won in 1984 for best documentary feature Q: Harvey Milk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Roman Empire ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By the time he was appointed dictator in 49 B.C., the Roman Bread Dole had risen to 200,000 people Q: Julius Caesar $200 A: Since Agrippina was a niece of emperor Claudius, consent of this body was needed for them to wed Q: Senate $300 A: At one point in the 2nd Punic War, his forces almost annihilated the Roman army Q: Hannibal $400 A: under the Romans, this kingdom in the holy land included Jerusalem & Bethlehem Q: Judah $500 A: The largest provincial capital of the Roman Empire, it was once ruled by Marc Antony Q: Alexandria ~~~~~~~~~ The South ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: James Monroe so admired this man that he built a home near Monticello Q: Thomas Jefferson $200 A: Southern spoon bread is made with this type of meal & eaten with a spoon Q: Corn Meal $300 A: Separated from Florida's mainland by the Indian & banana rivers, this cape's name means "canebreak" Q: Cape Canaveral $400 A: Until the 1970's, Louisiana had the longest of these in the U.S., containing over 250,000 words Q: State Constitution $500 A: George Washington planned to drain & farm this huge swamp in Virginia Q: Great Dismal Swamp ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Universe ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Earth's orbit falls between these 2 planets Q: Venus & Mars $200 A: A typical one has 3 parts, the nucleus, the coma & the tail Q: Comet $300 A: Some almanacs don't mention the fact that Neptune's 3rd one of these was discovered in 1981 Q: Moon $400 A: The number of stars that can be found within our solar system Q: 1 $500 A: Italian astronomer Giuseppi Piazzi discovered the 1st of these bodies in our solar system in 1801 Q: Asteroid ~~~~~~~ Theater ~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Picnic," "Out Town," & "A Chorus Line" have all won this award given for writing, not performance Q: Pulitzer Prize $200 A: The crown guide to plays says Queen Victoria's 1st command performance was a play about this demon barber Q: Sweeney Todd $300 A: Saroyan's "The time of your life" is set in the waterfront district of this California city Q: San Francisco $400 A: In this Noel Coward comedy, Madame Arcati uses Irving Berlin's "Always" to go into a trance Q: Blithe Spirit $500 A: Characters in this O'Neill play include a steamship stoker & a gorilla Q: The Hairy Ape ~~~~~ Toast ~~~~~ $100 A: Sauteed egg-dipped bread Q: French Toast $200 A: A campfire confection Q: Toasted Marshmallow $300 A: Original name of "The Ed Sullivan Show" Q: Toast of the Town $400 A: "Rank" of George Jessel Q: Toastmaster General $500 A: Named for an Australian Soprano, it's thin, crisp bread Q: Melba Toast ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Toys & Games ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Parker Brothers has made balls, boomerangs & ping pong paddles out of a soft material they call this Q: Nerf $200 A: As scissors beats this, so this beats stone Q: Paper $300 A: Said to be a weapon in the Philippines, Duncan made them toys for the U.S. Q: Yo-yo $400 A: Thrown out as useless by G.E. in 1949, this stretchy stuff became a national fad Q: Silly Putty $500 A: Total number of dots on the highest domino Q: 12 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Toys & Games ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Number of pockets on a pool table Q: 6 $200 A: Color that always has the opening move in chess Q: White $300 A: Versions of this board game take place in London, Madrid & Atlantic City Q: Monopoly $400 A: Binney & Smith makes this brand of crayons in 64 colors Q: Crayolas $500 A: She's been a teenage fashion model for over 25 years Q: Barbie ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Term for the detachable engine that's mounted on the stern of a boat Q: Outboard Motor $200 A: The longest of the 4 canals in the New York state Barge Canal system Q: Erie Canal $300 A: The Kelly Act of 1925 allowed the post office to contract companies to transport mail using these Q: Airplanes $400 A: Standard color of a radio flyer Q: Red $500 A: The national championships is this sport were held in August 1988 at a pad in Huntsville, AL Q: Model Rocketry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though he started designing helicopters in 1909, his 1st didn't fly until 1939 Q: Igor Sikorsky $200 A: The IRT, IND, & BMT are the 3 divisions of this city's subway system Q: New York $300 A: The 1st national exhibition of these was held in 1900 in Madison Square Garden Q: Automobiles $400 A: Famous for motorcycles, this Japanese company is the world's biggest maker of musical instruments Q: Yamaha $500 A: Sweden, Denmark & Norway share it as their national airline Q: SAS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Since the 20's, a "Henry" has been a slang term for a car from this company Q: Ford $200 A: On July 21, 1959, the 1st cargo ship powered by this was launched at Camden, N.J. Q: Nuclear Power $300 A: Vehicle to which a harness racing horse is hitched Q: Sulky`` $400 A: It can run a thread back & forth through a loom or people back & forth to the airport Q: Shuttle $500 A: Some say this van's name came from the Irish cops using it; others say from the Irishmen locked inside it Q: Paddy Wagon ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By attaching a piston engine to a bicycle, Gottlieb Daimler invented this Q: Motorcycle $200 A: In answer to the age-old question, archaeologists believe it was invented by the Sumerians Q: Wheel $300 A: When Cleopatra 1st met Antony, she dressed as Aphrodite & entertained him on board this type of ship Q: Barge $400 A: During the 1950's, students tried to stuff as many of themselves as possible into one of these cars Q: Volkswagen $500 A: Eskimos have large boats called Umiaks or "woman's boats" & these smaller ones, meaning "men's boats" Q: Kayaks ~~~~~~ Travel ~~~~~~ $100 A: This necessary document cost $10 in 1980 and $35 in 1990 Q: Passport $200 A: Non-sexist name for a stewardess Q: Flight Attendant $300 A: A vaccination is no longer required since this disease has been eradicated Q: Smallpox $400 A: Tags for luggage headed for this airport appropriately read "LAX" Q: Los Angeles $500 A: Ship passengers are greeted & dunked by King Neptune the 1st time they cross this line Q: Equator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Travel & Tourism ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You can visit this sport's Hall of Fame on PGA Boulevard in Pinehurst, NC Q: Golf $200 A: Except when it's on tour, the most important King Tut collection is housed in this city Q: Cairo $300 A: The 1st public museum in England, the Ashmolean, opened at this university in 1683 Q: Oxford $400 A: The name of this world-famous museum is Spanish for "meadow" Q: Prado $500 A: You can spend the night in a Victorian style railroad car at the choo choo Hilton in this city Q: Chattanooga ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Travel & Tourism ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Special resorts in these Penna. mountains have heart-shaped tubs for honeymooners Q: Poconos $200 A: Not in Ohio but in this Spanish city can you visit El Greco's home Q: Toledo $300 A: These ticket holders anxiously await no-shows & cancellations in order to board the plane Q: Stand-Bys $400 A: The world's highest suspension bridge spans this famous "kingly" Colorado canyon Q: Royal Gorge $500 A: This large resort island off the Yucatan coast was the setting for the movie "Against All Odds" Q: Cozumel ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Travel & Tourism ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fantasy World, S.E. Asia's 1st hi tech theme park is next to a huge slum in this Indonesian capital Q: Jakarta $200 A: You can visit the U.S.S. Missouri & the largest naval shipyard on the West Coast at Bremerton in this state Q: Washington $300 A: There's a walking tour of this colonial capital of Virginia given from the viewpoint of an 18th century slave Q: Williamsburg $400 A: This country boasts a youth hostel that used to be Prince Henry's center for navigation Q: Portugal $500 A: Texas city famed for its river walk, the Paseo Del Rio Q: San Antonio ~~~~~~ Trivia ~~~~~~ $100 A: Famous feline who was once the target of Ignatz Mouse's bricks Q: Krazy Kat $200 A: In 1911, Picasso was among those arrested as suspects in this painting's theft Q: Mona Lisa $300 A: Since Louis XIV owned 413 of these objects, he could have started his own holiday inn Q: Beds $400 A: Rodeo drive reminds us this was called El Rancho Rodeo De Las Aguas until 1906 Q: Beverly Hills $500 A: A bushmaster is this Q: Snake ~~~~~~ Trivia ~~~~~~ $100 A: The world's most destructive insect, a large swarm will eat 20,000 tons of food a day Q: Locust $200 A: When it was rung for chief justice John Marshall's funeral, it cracked Q: Liberty Bell $300 A: "Kingdom" that Krushchev couldn't visit on a 1959 U.S. trip Q: Disneyland $400 A: Dr. Seuss' egg-hatching elephant who is "faithful, 100%" Q: Horton $500 A: In 1984, it spent the night in a parking lot before heading to the L.A. coliseum Q: Olympic Torch ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tunes for Tots ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "the farmer in the dell," this stands alone Q: Cheese $200 A: Song title that follows the 3rd "flies in the buttermilk, shoo, fly, shoo" Q: Skip to My Lou $300 A: In "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer," he follows "Comet" in the roster of Santa's deer Q: Cupid $400 A: Disney film in which "a very merry un-birthday" was celebrated Q: Alice in Wonderland $500 A: Putting an old silk hat on him made him come alive Q: Frosty the Snowman ~~ TV ~~ $100 A: On "Dynasty" the Carrington mansion was in this city Q: Denver $200 A: This actor thought 3 was company but found out it was a crowd Q: John Ritter $300 A: A Muppet monster or Dr. Gates on "Trapper John" Q: Gonzo $400 A: Initials shared by friends of Hawkeye and The Bear Q: B.J. $500 A: He hosted "Ripley's Believe It or Not" with his daughter Holly Q: Jack Palance ~~ TV ~~ $100 A: Theodore Cleaver's nickname Q: Beaver $200 A: Falk's famous fumbler Q: Columbo $300 A: Paul Anka wrote the theme of this late night talk show Q: The Tonight Show $400 A: ABC's "Iran Reports" led to creation of "Nightline" with him as host Q: Ted Koppel $500 A: The newcomers in this Fox Network series were nicknamed "Spongeheads" Q: Alien Nation ~~~~~~ TV Ads ~~~~~~ $100 A: "The San Francisco Treat" Q: Rice-A-Roni $200 A: The nighttime sneezing, sniffling, coughing, aching, stuffy head fever, so you can rest medicine" Q: Nyquil $300 A: Campaign begun in 1954, it featured a doorbell's "ding dong" followed by these 2 words Q: Avon Calling $400 A: Candy choo-choo Charlie used "to make his engine run good" Q: Good & Plenty $500 A: It "kills bugs dead" Q: Raid ~~~~~~~~~~ TV Numbers ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Kookie" Byrnes' working address Q: 77 Sunset Strip $200 A: In a 60's sitcom, officers Toody & Muldoon patrolled the Bronx in this vehicle Q: Car 54 $300 A: Number of lives led by Richard Carlson while portraying Herbert Philbrick Q: 3 $400 A: Each day, Art Linkletter interviewed this many children on his "House Party" show Q: 4 $500 A: The numbers of Sgt. Friday's badge, which a "dragnet" fan could tell you Q: 714 ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nickname of Chuck Connors' character Lucas McCain Q: Rifleman $200 A: He played "The Man" to Freddie Prinze's "Chico" Q: Jack Albertson $300 A: Subject taught by "Our Miss Brooks" Q: English $400 A: Knighted by the queen, this PBS host can't be called "Sir" because he's a U.S. citizen Q: Alistair Cooke $500 A: The pilot for this CBS serial was "The Vintage Years" Q: Falcon Crest ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the bar where "everybody knows your name" Q: Cheers $200 A: In the original Belgian comics, these blue creatures are "Schtroumpfs" Q: Smurfs $300 A: From 1980-82 ABC's answer to "Saturday Night Live" was this series on the night before Q: Fridays $400 A: The name of the sub which made the weekly "voyage to the bottom of the sea" Q: Seaview $500 A: According to the show's title, what Owen Marshall's occupation was Q: Counselor At Law ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's "smarter than the average bear" Q: Yogi Bear $200 A: He was Samantha's uncle Arthur & the center square on "Hollywood Squares" Q: Paul Lynde $300 A: Call letters "aired" by Venus Flytrap & Dr. Johnny Fever Q: WKRP $400 A: "Primates" played by Nesmith, Jones, Tork & Dolenz in a 60's series Q: Monkees $500 A: City that was the original home of "American Bandstand" Q: Philadelphia ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Every week this comedienne was "so glad we had this time together" Q: Carol Burnett $200 A: Richard Carlson "led" this number of lives as a communist counterspy & FBI agent Q: Three $300 A: Lucy & Desi's TV production company Q: Desilu $400 A: Series which pitted "control" against "kaos" Q: Get Smart $500 A: Deborah Norville replaced her as host of NBC's "Today" in 1989 Q: Jane Pauley ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Washington crossed the Delaware near this state capital Q: Trenton New Jersey $200 A: This South Dakota city was not named for growing swiftly but for a creek that runs through it Q: Rapid City $300 A: "The world of tomorrow" & "peace through understanding" were themes of 2 world's fairs held in this city Q: New York City $400 A: The oldest public building in the U.S., the palace of the governors, is this New Mexico city Q: Santa Fe $500 A: This port on the big island of Hawaii is the flower center of the state Q: Hilo ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Johnny Appleseed's grave is in this Indiana City that began as a fort Q: Fort Wayne $200 A: The city of west New York is in this state Q: New Jersey $300 A: City whose "Golden Triangle" is formed by the Allegheny & Monongahela Rivers Q: Pittsburgh $400 A: In the late 19th century, some called this Kansas cow town "the wickedest little city in America" Q: Dodge City $500 A: Arizona City in the title of Glen Campbell's 1st top 40 hit Q: Phoenix ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: St. Petersburg's "twin city," it was named for the bay which was named for an Indian village Q: Tampa $200 A: This Wisconsin city was established in 1836 & named for the ex-president who died that year Q: Madison $300 A: The Dallas Cowboys play their home games in this city Q: Irving Texas $400 A: This North Carolina city celebrated the 75th anniversary of its hyphen in 1988 Q: Winston-Salem $500 A: Only city whose name appears on the state seal on California; it's the state motto Q: Eureka ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When this Arkansas city was chosen as capital, there were fewer than 50 people living there Q: Little Rock $200 A: This city, home of the Cotton Bowl, was a major cotton market long before it became an oil center Q: Dallas $300 A: The 1st night baseball game was in 1883 in this Indiana city named for a "man" general Q: Forte Wayne $400 A: French for "mound," this Montana city is described as "a mile high & a mile deep" Q: Butte $500 A: The tomb of the unknown soldier for the Revolutionary War isn't in Arlington but in this nearby Virginia city Q: Alexandria ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Almost named for Boston, this Oregon city was named for a city in Maine instead Q: Portland $200 A: Lakes Mendota & Monona are 2 of several lakes surrounding the center of this Wisconsin capital Q: Madison $300 A: It's called "the Pittsburgh of the South" Q: Birmingham $400 A: It's been called "Film City" since Kodak is headquartered there Q: Rochester $500 A: City which is home to the photography, national cowboy & national softball halls of fame Q: Oklahoma City ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This city that's home to the amateur athletic union lets amateurs compete in its 500-mile race Q: Indianapolis $200 A: The English town for which this Connecticut capital was named spelled its named with an "e", not an "a" Q: Hartford $300 A: This largest Vermont city, located on Lake Champlain, was 1st surveyed by Ethan Allen's brother Q: Burlington $400 A: Charles MacArthur & Ben Hecht were reporters in this city in which they set "the front page" Q: Chicago $500 A: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in this city Q: Boston ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This area in the Dakotas was named for its difficult terrain, not for its wild frontiersmen Q: Badlands $200 A: The waters off Cape Hatteras in this state have been called "the graveyard of the Atlantic" Q: North Carolina $300 A: This region between the Appalachians & the Atlantic coastal plain was named for a region in Italy Q: Piedmont $400 A: Rivers that eventually reach the Atlantic are separated from those reaching the Pacific by this Q: Continental Divide $500 A: Both the Army's Field Artillery Center & Geronimo's grave are at Fort Sill in this state Q: Oklahoma ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The blue ridge mountains surround this largest Georgia city Q: Atlanta $200 A: It's "where the wind comes sweeping down the plain" Q: Oklahoma $300 A: State whose counties include Crockett, Zapata & Pecos Q: Texas $400 A: The historic pass at the junction of Tennessee, Kentucky & Virginia associated with Daniel Boone Q: Cumberland Gap $500 A: Connecticut & this state are the only ones that end with "T" Q: Vermont ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Government ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's been recently revealed that the government paid out $30 million to people in this condition Q: Dead $200 A: This federal department has over a million civilian employees, more than any other Q: Defense $300 A: President Reagan tried unsuccessfully to eliminate the departments of education & this Q: Energy $400 A: Minimum age for a congressman Q: 25 $500 A: He, not the attorney general, represents the government in cases before the Supreme Court Q: Solicitor General ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Government ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bills for raising money must originate in this branch of congress Q: House of Representatives $200 A: The "A" in Pac, it's what the lobbying group wants to get from the lawmakers Q: Action $300 A: Of the 15,000 of these operating in Washington, less than half are registered Q: Lobbyists $400 A: In August 1957, this S.C. senator filibustered for 24 hours & 18 minutes uninterrupted Q: Strom Thurmond $500 A: The immigration & naturalization service is part of this federal department Q: Justice Department ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Planned under Eisenhower, the invasion of this Caribbean Island failed under Kennedy Q: Cuba $200 A: Following FDR's "new deal," he gave us a "fair deal" Q: Harry S Truman $300 A: From 1836 to 1845, this state was an independent country Q: Texas $400 A: In 1934, this Louisiana governor, known as "kingfish," proposed a guaranteed family income of $5,000 Q: Huey Long $500 A: Many consider his appointment as chief justice in 1801 the most important one in U.S. history Q: John Marshall ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Some felt the wildly disputed election of this centennial year put the U.S. on the verge of a 2nd Civil War Q: 1876 $200 A: The only American woman whose husband & son were both elected president Q: Abigail Adams $300 A: Against orders, he led British troops into Virginia in 1781 & ended up surrendering to American forces Q: Lord Charles Cornwallis $400 A: Though Hamilton was the leader of this party, it passed him over in 1796 & nominated Adams instead Q: Federalists $500 A: Famed 19th century educator who said, "be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity" Q: Horace Mann ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1951, the U.S. occupied this capital; in 1988 they sent athlete to it Q: Seoul $200 A: Major act of Jefferson's presidency that doubled the size of the United States Q: Louisiana Purchase $300 A: In 1921, president Harding presented her with a capsule of her radium worth $100,000 Q: Marie Curie $400 A: In 1978, a group of Indians began a 2,700 mile trek to Washington, D.C. after occupying this Calif. island Q: Alcatraz Island $500 A: During the revolution, this British major was captured as a spy in Tarrytown, N.Y. Q: John Andre ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Type of disaster "kicked off" in Chicago on October 8, 1871 Q: Fire $200 A: In 1948-49, a U.S. airlift delivered over 2 million tons of supplies to this city Q: West Berlin $300 A: The battle of this city was fought after the war of 1812 was over, and made Andrew Jackson a hero Q: New Orleans $400 A: I'd rather be right than president," said this "great compromiser" who ran 5 times Q: Henry Clay $500 A: On December 1, 1955, she refused to give her bus seat to a white man Q: Rosa Parks ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ransom money found in Bruno Hauptmann's garage helped convict him of kidnapping this man's son Q: Charles Lindergh $200 A: He became FBI director way back in 1924 & held the post for 48 years Q: J. Edgar Hoover $300 A: On October 4, 1957, the soviets launched sputnik while he became teamster union president Q: Jimmy Hoffa $400 A: From Latin for money, the 1st one was authorized by congress on April 2, 1792 Q: U.S. Mint $500 A: He founded Savannah in 1733-- in fact, he founded the whole colony of Georgia Q: James Oglethorpe ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Demonstrators were kicked out of this city's Lincoln Park on August 27, 1968 Q: Chicago $200 A: Country to which the U.S. began beaming Radio Marti in May 1985 Q: Cuba $300 A: In 1798, we were in an undeclared Naval War with this Erstwhile ally Q: France $400 A: Tennessee congressman popular in the early 1800's & the 1950's Q: Davy Crockett $500 A: This president vetoed more legislation than any other Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His "doctrine" was intended to keep European powers out of Latin America Q: James Monroe $200 A: Captain John Smith coined this term for a region that now includes 6 states Q: New England $300 A: From 1945 to 1951 he headed the allied occupation of Japan Q: Douglas MacArthur $400 A: The very 1st state to join the union Q: Delaware $500 A: Between 1840 & 1860 more immigrants came from this country than any other Q: Ireland ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1963, 200,000 Washington marchers heard him say, "I Have a Dream" Q: Martin Luther King $200 A: The last occasion when Congress declared war against any country Q: World War II $300 A: Enacted in 1913, the 16th Amendment was necessary to make us pay it Q: Income Tax $400 A: The only state carried by George McGovern in the 1972 election Q: Massachusetts $500 A: Known as "Robin Hood of the forest," he captured Fort Ticonderoga in 1775 Q: Ethan Allen ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Early 19th century abolitionists wanted to abolish this institution Q: Slavery $200 A: WWI soldiers' nickname used by Pillsbury for its logo character Q: Doughboy $300 A: American hostages were released from this country the day Carter left office Q: Iran $400 A: Some historians consider this backwoodsman, not Jefferson, the 1st democratic president Q: Andrew Jackson $500 A: In 1767, all Townshend Act taxes were repealed, except the one on this Q: Tea ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Many people "carry a torch" for this statue, which was 100 years old in 1986 Q: Statue of Liberty $200 A: There were no successful escapes from this "rock" in S.F. Bay Q: Alcatraz $300 A: A serviceman from this war was interred in the tomb of the unknowns May 28, 1984 Q: Vietnam War $400 A: Plays are still performed at this site of Lincoln's assassination Q: Ford's Theatre $500 A: At 555' 55", it's the world's tallest all-stone structure Q: Washington Monument ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Senate ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Number of senators from each state Q: 2 $200 A: The elected office held by the president of the U.S. senate Q: Vice-President $300 A: State once represented by James Buckley & Jacob Javits Q: New York $400 A: Dan Quayle formerly represented this state in the senate Q: Indiana $500 A: He was a president of the screen actors guild before becoming California's republican senator in 1964 Q: George Murphy ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After the civil War, cow towns like Abilene & Dodge City began popping up in this state Q: Kansas $200 A: Its motto is "The Crossroads of America" & its song is "On the Banks of the Wabash" Q: Indiana $300 A: This U.S. state, the farthest from England, is the only one whose flag has a union jack on it Q: Hawaii $400 A: The "Big Bonanza" richest silver strike in America, was part of the Comstock Lode in this state Q: Nevada $500 A: This state is 1st alphabetically Q: Alabama ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Russians sold it to Seward at 2 cents an acre Q: Alaska $200 A: It contains the highest & lowest spots in the lower 48 states, only 106 miles apart Q: California $300 A: It was part of Massachusetts until it became our 23rd state Q: Maine $400 A: Whenever it wants to, this state can legally break up into five Q: Texas $500 A: State first set aside for the Indians for "As long as grass shall grow & rivers flow Q: Oklahoma ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Its Mormon founders called it desert Q: Utah $200 A: The eastern state has only 8 cities & 31 towns Q: Rhode Island $300 A: The only state that consists of two peninsulas Q: Michigan $400 A: The nutmeg state, it produces no nutmeg Q: Connecticut $500 A: State that's 2nd in number of registered autos Q: Texas ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of "Boomer," "Sooner," or "Later," the one that's not an Oklahoma nickname Q: Later $200 A: You can order various collectibles from the Franklin Mint in this state Q: Pennsylvania $300 A: The Colorado desert borders the Colorado River, not in Colorado, but in these 2 states Q: California & Arizona $400 A: Jekyll Island is one of the sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina, Florida, & this state Q: Georgia $500 A: The highest peaks in New England are in this state's white mountains Q: New Hampshire ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: State that's completely surrounded by water Q: Hawaii $200 A: The Wolverine state, in 1847 it became the first to abolish capital punishment Q: Michigan $300 A: This region, originally called Indian territory, now has no federal reservations Q: Oklahoma $400 A: This western neighbor of Tennessee & Mississippi was the only diamond field in the U.S. Q: Arkansas $500 A: Midwest state whose native sons include Marlon Brando, Nick Nolte, & Henry Fonda Q: Nebraska ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 13th to enter the union, it must have been providence, or we'd have had a flag with 12 stripes Q: Rhode Island $200 A: While New York is the Empire State of the North, this is "The Empire State of the South" Q: Georgia $300 A: The Geographic center of this state is Delaware, 25 miles north of Columbus Q: Ohio $400 A: Both Sun Valley & the craters of the moon are tourist attractions in this state Q: Idaho $500 A: Francis Scott key didn't have to leave this, his home state, to spend the night near Ft. Mchenry Q: Maryland ~~~~~~ U.S.A. ~~~~~~ $100 A: On New Year's Eve, there's a fireworks display on this well-known Colorado mountain Q: Pike's Peak $200 A: 4 days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, he marked the site for Salt Lake City's Temple Square Q: Brigham Young $300 A: Indians knew of this natural passage into Kentucky long before Dr. Thomas walked found it in 1750 Q: Cumberland Gap $400 A: The tallest pueblos in the southwest, 5 stories high, were built near this northern New Mexico City Q: Taos $500 A: Mountains in this neighboring state can be seen on a clear day from Boston's Hancock Tower Q: New Hampshire ~~~~~~ U.S.A. ~~~~~~ $100 A: The world's longest porch, 880 feet, is part of the grand hotel on this Michigan island Q: Mackinac $200 A: Postal abbreviations included NC for North Carolina, SC for South Carolina, & DC for this Q: District of Columbia $300 A: At the Julius Sturgis company in Lititz, PA you can learn how to twist these Q: Pretzels $400 A: He said, "a penny saved is a penny earned," & it's traditional to throw a penny onto his grave Q: Benjamin Franklin $500 A: The "Peace Garden" state, it shares an international peace garden with Manitoba Q: North Dakota ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Unreal Estate ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Thomas more devised this name for his paradise from the Greek for "not a place" Q: Utopia $200 A: In "Rebecca," it was Maxim's mansion Q: Manderley $300 A: Plato's ideal state, it was not a democracy Q: Republic $400 A: "The Shire" is a county in Eriador where these small, good-natured folk live Q: Hobbits $500 A: Island where mortally wounded King Arthur was taken & revived, to return when England needs him Q: Avalon ~~~ USA ~~~ $100 A: Dunes of White Gypsum rise in White Sands national monument in this state Q: New Mexico $200 A: Fiddletown, Rough & Ready, Poverty Hill & Chinese Camp were towns in this state's "gold country" Q: California $300 A: The only state that borders 4 Mexican states Q: Texas $400 A: The 2 states named for the Sioux word for "friend" or "ally" Q: North & South Dakota $500 A: Rocky Mountain state named for a valley in Pennsylvania Q: Wyoming ~~~~~~~~~~ Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Hee haw" has a field & a show full of this vegetable Q: Corn $200 A: "Poil de Carotte," a French cartoon character, has hair the color of this vegetable Q: Carrot $300 A: Leafy Vegetable used in salads, it comes in curly & escarole varieties Q: Endive $400 A: Garlic, onions & shallots are this part of the plant Q: Bulb $500 A: In the mustard family, it's a plant with an edible root that tastest like a turnip Q: Rutabaga ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Vice Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: State that charged Spiro Agnew with committing bribery while governor Q: Maryland $200 A: Before Bush, the last veep to assume the presidency Q: Gerald Ford $300 A: # of vice presidents FDR had Q: 3 $400 A: He ran for vice president on Richard Nixon's 1960 ticket Q: Henry Cabot Lodge $500 A: If the electoral college fails to agree, this body elects the vice president Q: Senate ~~~~~~~~~~ Vocabulary ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A preparation for public performance, whether or not you "dress" Q: Rehearsal $200 A: Meaning circular, it's a circular sent out by the Pope Q: Encyclical $300 A: Louis XIV might have told you this French phrase means "nobility obligates" Q: Nobless Oblige $400 A: From the French for "purse," it's the official in charge of funds at a college Q: Bursar $500 A: The comparative form of "Good" Q: Better ~~~~~~~~~~ Vocabulary ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A case for arrows, whether or not it shakes Q: Quiver $200 A: It means government by a small group, not government by men named Ollie Q: Oligarchy $300 A: If your hostess offers you a comfit, she expects you do this with it Q: Eat it $400 A: Often used in perfume to prevent rapid evaporation, its name means "gray amber" Q: Ambergris $500 A: From Latin for "to beg," it's a fancy 9-letter synonym for a beggar Q: Mendicant ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Water Sports ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At Cypress Gardens, it's done on water, not snow Q: Skiing $200 A: Fishing from a moving boat Q: Trolling $300 A: Olympic sport once called water ballet Q: Synchronized Swimming $400 A: The title of the 1963 instrumental hit "Wipe Out" refers to this sport Q: Surfing $500 A: The name of the yacht immortalized after winning the 100-Guinea Cup away from England in 1851 Q: America ~~~~~~~ Weapons ~~~~~~~ $100 A: To a thug, it's a shiv; to us, a utensil Q: Knife $200 A: Indication that a song has the right ammunition to make it to the top of the charts Q: Bullet $300 A: Getting that 1st one from an Australian trainer, Batman now has 100 different kinds Q: Batarangs $400 A: Military weapon which falls between Flamenco & Flamingo in the dictionary Q: Flamethrower $500 A: Greek mathematician who invented a mirror to focus sunlight & set fire to enemy sails Q: Archimedes ~~~~~~~ Weapons ~~~~~~~ $100 A: U.S. ICBM with 10 warheads, it's known by its initials, which stand for "missile experimental" Q: MX $200 A: He designed the 1st steam warship, The Demologus, for the war of 1812 Q: Robert Fulton $300 A: To celebrate the 20th anniversary of Ringling Brothers' Clown College, 120 clowns threw 500 of these at each other Q: Shaving Cream Pies $400 A: Equipment used by 1984 Olympic champ Darrell Pace that has counterweights & tension regulators Q: Bow $500 A: Old name for a shotgun that reflects it use, shooting birds Q: Fowling Piece ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Condition associated with London & pea soup Q: Fog $200 A: Mt. Waialeale in Hawaii gets the most while Calama, Chile, usually gets none Q: Rain $300 A: Sometimes called a cyclone, its winds can reach 400 MPH Q: Tornado $400 A: Some hygrometers use a human hair to measure this Q: Humidity $500 A: Region near the equator that took the wind out of Sinbad's sails Q: Doldrums ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of a high or low pressure system, the one you'd prefer if you wanted to get a tan at the beach Q: High $200 A: In 1990, names for these in the Atlantic included Arthur, Bertha & Klaus Q: Hurricanes $300 A: Planes often climb to the stratosphere to avoid these icy, high speed winds Q: Jet Streams $400 A: "Meteorology" comes from this philosopher's book of weather observations Q: Aristotle $500 A: A uniformly gray rain cloud extending over the entire sky, named from Latin for cloud Q: Nimbus ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Daily newspaper illustration that shows isobars & temperatures Q: Weather Map $200 A: Line where a cold air mass meets hot air Q: Front $300 A: Name of the wind which flows down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, raising temperatures quickly Q: Chinook $400 A: The average weather conditions of a region over a long period of time Q: Climate $500 A: Name for the temperature at which water vapor in the atmosphere begins to condense Q: Dew Point ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: On some weather charts, "DZ" stands for this condition Q: Drizzle $200 A: In absolute terms, it's the amount of water per unit of air; in relative terms, it's a percentage Q: Humidity $300 A: Atlantic hurricanes 1st move westward because they are carried by these "commercial" winds Q: Trade Winds $400 A: Term for what is formed where 2 air masses at different temperatures meet Q: Front $500 A: The traveling tornado observatory of the NSSL is named for this "Wizard of Oz" animal Q: Toto ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The lowest recorded temperature in the U.S. occurred in this state Q: Alaska $200 A: This "burns off" when sunlight penetrates it & warms the ground beneath it Q: Fog $300 A: In polar regions, warm air meeting cold can cause "diamond dust," particles of this in the air Q: Ice $400 A: From the type of storms they bring, cumulonimbus clouds are known by this booming term Q: Thunderheads $500 A: Rain with a PH reading of less than 5.6 Q: Acid Rain ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Counting its chirps in 14 seconds & adding 40 should give you the current temperature, by Jiminy Q: Cricket $200 A: To replace "it looks like a big duck," in 1803 Luke Howard classified them as cirrus, stratus, etc. Q: Clouds $300 A: It's formed by refraction & reflection of light by water droplets Q: Rainbow $400 A: About 1/3 of all lightning victims lose their lives when seeking shelter under these Q: Trees $500 A: Gallegos, Santa Anas, & Cockeyed Bobs, for example Q: Winds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Weights & Measures ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Ted Williams, Babe Ruth had one that weighed 54 ounces Q: Bat $200 A: Spelled "G-E-R-D" in old English, where it meant a small stick, it now means a precise length Q: Yard $300 A: It's the only measure of distance mentioned in the poem, "Charge of the Light Brigade" Q: Half a League $400 A: Used in surveying, a chain is divided into 100 units called these Q: Links $500 A: In metric prefixes, kilo- means thousandfold & this means thousandth part Q: Milli ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Weights & Measures ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A span, which is approximately 9" long, is based on the span of this part of the body Q: Hand $200 A: There are 4 gills in a pint, so there are this many gills in a quart Q: 8 $300 A: In th metric system, the weight of 1 liter of water is equal to 1 of these units Q: Kilogram $400 A: Unit of measure in printing; there are 12 of them to a pica, about 72 of them to an inch Q: Point $500 A: A measurement of force was named for this discoverer of gravity Q: Sir Isaac Newton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Western Hemisphere ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It has more people than all the other South American nations combined Q: Brazil $200 A: This North American mountain range is named for the waterfalls of the Columbia River Q: Cascades $300 A: It's the northernmost country that's a member of the organization of American states Q: United States $400 A: Yellowknife, Canada's smallest capital, is capital of this territory Q: The Northwest Territories $500 A: Though this British colony has only 19,000 people, as of 1982 it had over 400 licensed banks Q: Cayman Islands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Western Slang ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Put these up when you're told to "reach for the sky" Q: Your Hands $200 A: Shoot-out losers often ended up in the "bone orchard," which was slang for one of these Q: Cemetery $300 A: A "sod-buster" was a farmer, but a "sin-buster" was one of these Q: Preacher $400 A: Stop this when you're told to "hobble your lip" Q: Talking $500 A: "Oklahoma rain" meant this kind of storm Q: Dust Storm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ What's in a Name ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though his name means "famous," this Dangerfield gets no respect Q: Rooney $200 A: Variations on this most common feminine name in Christian lands include May, Polly & Marie Q: Mary $300 A: "Princess" in Hebrew, or the Lee "nobody doesn't like" Q: Sarah $400 A: His "forte" is singing, not being a "bean farmer" as his 1st name implies Q: Fabian $500 A: State whose name comes from the coupling of its founder's name with the Latin word for trees Q: Pennsylvania ~~~~~~~~~ Wild West ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Last name of brothers Virgil, Morgan and Wyatt who fought at the O.K. Corral Q: Earp $200 A: This markswoman was called "little sure shot" Q: Annie Oakley $300 A: In 650,000 miles, the mail was only lost once Q: Pony Express $400 A: It ran 2,000 miles from Independence, MO to Oregon City, OR Q: Oregon Trail $500 A: One of its newspapers was appropriately called "The Epitaph" Q: Tombstone ~~~~~ Woman ~~~~~ $100 A: Of the average boy and girl, the one who enters puberty first Q: Girl $200 A: A woman needs more of this "magnetic" element than a man Q: Iron $300 A: Having on average more of this than men gives greater buoyancy in water and resistance to cold Q: Fat $400 A: Women have about 1,000,000 fewer bloods cells of this color per drop of blood than men Q: Red $500 A: It happens to a woman's voice during puberty and again during menopause Q: It Lowers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Women Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Royal Floral" title of a Judith Krantz book that became a mini-series Q: Princess Daisy $200 A: Playwright Edward Albee asks "Who's afraid of" this respected British novelist Q: Virginia Woolf $300 A: Colleen McCullough's Australian saga of Father Ralph & Meggie Q: The Thorn Birds $400 A: Author, columnist & TV wit who said, "housework, if you do it right, can kill you" Q: Erma Bombeck $500 A: Long-time companion of Dashiell Hammett, she was played in "Julia" by Jane Fonda Q: Lillian Hellman ~~~~~~~~~~~ Women First ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Until Emma Nutt said, "number please" in 1878 this job was held only by men Q: Telephone Operator $200 A: First lady of the supreme court Q: Sandra Day O'Connor $300 A: NYC's Lorna Kelley was the 1st female art auctioneer for this Long-based auction house Q: Sotheby's $400 A: It is claimed that this future founder of the American Red Cross was the 1st woman to hold a white-collar gov't job Q: Clara Barton $500 A: 1920's "Winnie Winkle" was the 1st of these to feature a career girl as central character Q: Comic Strip ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Women Writers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1909, Sweden's Selma Lagerlof became the 1st woman to win this award for literature Q: Nobel Prize $200 A: Edna St. Vincent Millay was arrested for her vigil the night this pair was executed in 1927 Q: Sacco & Vanzetti $300 A: Probably America's best-known 19th century female poet, she was dubbed the "Month of Amherst" Q: Emily Dickinson $400 A: Anais Nin is famous for writing volumes of these, the 1st of which was published in 1966 Q: Diaries $500 A: Headmistress of a girl's school, she gained fame for writing "The Greek Way" at age 62 Q: Edith Hamilton ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: From Latin "to lie down on," the device in which premature babies lie down Q: Incubator $200 A: From Latin for "an image," one of a hated person might be burned Q: Effigy $300 A: The name for this decorative rainspout comes from the old French "Gargouille," throat Q: Gargoyle $400 A: From Greek for "A race track," Circus Maximus in Rome was an example of this type of Equestrian arena Q: Hippodrome $500 A: This fancy word for an indoor swimming pool is Latin for "A place for swimming" Q: Natatorium ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Gem whose name comes from the Sanskrit for jewel, "upala" Q: Opal $200 A: These teeth are used for grinding, & their name derives from the Latin for "millstone" Q: Molars $300 A: This food poisoning bacteria was named for a veterinarian, not a fish Q: Salmonella $400 A: Though Harlequins are written in English, this term means a story written in the language of Rome Q: Romance $500 A: From early French for "chain," it's a chic knot of hair worn at the nape of the neck Q: Chignon ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This word for bullfighter comes from the Spanish word for "to kill" Q: Matador $200 A: The slang word "bodacious" was created by blending "bold" & this word Q: Audacious $300 A: Capricorn comes from "Capri" meaning goat & "Cornu" meaning this part of the goat Q: Horn $400 A: From the old phrase "alack the day" came this adjective for lacking spirit Q: Lackadaisical $500 A: Preservation technique whose name comes from the Greek words for "arrangement" & "skin" Q: Taxidermy ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These beads or the prayers you say while using them are named for the Latin word for rose garden Q: Rosary $200 A: Preferred ship accommodations described as "port out, starboard home" may have evolved into this word Q: Posh $300 A: A hangman at Tyburn prison was named this, & his name came to be used for any machine that hoists Q: Derrick $400 A: Since the 1640's, this word has meant "one who counts;" the machine arrived over 300 years later Q: Computer $500 A: The word for "the west" came from the Latin "to fall" because the west is where the sun fell Q: Occident ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This trademark brand has become the common term for petroleum jelly Q: Vaseline $200 A: From "G.P." for general purpose army vehicle Q: Jeep $300 A: "Table D'Hote," serving the same meal to all diners, comes from this language, which also gave us "cuisine" Q: French $400 A: Teddy Roosevelt term for someone charging others with corruption Q: Muckraker $500 A: Adjective for an independent contractor, it was originally a mercenary with his own spear Q: Free Lance ~~~~~~~~~ Word Play ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The artificial turf in this stadium is nicknamed "Mardi Grass" Q: New Orleans Superdome $200 A: When reversed, this month becomes a sweet potato Q: May $300 A: As a verb it means looked at; as a noun, it's a well-worn popular saying Q: saw $400 A: In conversation, it means "nonsense," but in a deli it's a cold cut Q: Baloney $500 A: 2 common English 5-letter words that end in "ymph" Q: Lymph & Nymph ~~~~~ Words ~~~~~ $100 A: Flavoring made of coffee often mixed with chocolate, named for a port city in Yemen Q: Mocha $200 A: Of a burnoose, a busby or a buskin, the one you shouldn't wear on your head Q: Buskin $300 A: A cowboy who tends saddle horses, or the brand of jeans he might be wearing Q: Wrangler $400 A: Often used as a synonym for concrete, it's really just an ingredient, along with water, sand & gravel Q: Cement $500 A: This word for a minister comes from the Latin for "shepherd" Q: Pastor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Costa Rican capital people might know the way to Q: San Jose $200 A: It's divided into Kanda, Marunoucki, Akasuka & Ginza districts Q: Tokyo $300 A: Home to Nato & little green sprouts Q: Brussels $400 A: This capital's street signs are in English, Arabis & Hebrew Q: Jerusalem $500 A: If the other twin had founded it, it might have been called "Reme" Q: Rome ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1986, Brazil's 1st conference of street urchins was held in this capital Q: Brasilia $200 A: Edvard Munch bequeathed his works of art to this Norwegian capital, which built a museum to display them Q: Oslo $300 A: The whites of 10,000 eggs were used to make the bridge of eggs in this Peruvian capital Q: Lima $400 A: Most of this city's inhabitants are Serbs Q: Belgrade $500 A: This Asian city, "the pearl of the orient," has an archbishop named Cardinal Sin Q: Manila ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Temppeliaukio church, which was carved from solid rock, is in this Finnish capital Q: Helsinki $200 A: Changing of the guard on parliament hill is one of this Canadian city's main summer attractions Q: Ottawa $300 A: This Arab capital is divided into Christian & Muslim halves Q: Beirut $400 A: It's the capital of Serbia as well as the capital of Yugoslavia Q: Belgrade $500 A: Being the southernmost of South Africa's 3 capitals makes it the southernmost capital in Africa Q: Cape Town ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Beethoven's birthplace, it was west Germany's capital Q: Bonn $200 A: This country's capital is Rabat, not Casablanca Q: Morocco $300 A: "Old fuss & feathers," general Winfield Scott, captured this capital in 1847 Q: Mexico City $400 A: Foreign embassies are located in Jidda, some 500 miles from this country's capital, Riyadh Q: Saudi Arabia $500 A: There are more than 2,000 Hindu & Buddhist shrines in this capital of Nepal Q: Katmandu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bulgaria's capital, it sounds like an Italian actress Q: Sofia $200 A: Started as a trading post for the Roman Empire, it boasts St. Paul's cathedral Q: London $300 A: As Peking is to the people's Rep. of China, this is to the Rep. of China Q: Taipei $400 A: City where you'd stand in line to buy gum in G.U.M. Q: Moscow $500 A: The largest capital in the Sahara Desert Q: Cairo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Almost all of Siberia lies within this country Q: Russia $200 A: This largest Spanish seaport has an exact replica of Columbus' flagship, the Santa Maria Q: Barcelona $300 A: Kilauea sits on the S.E. slope of Mauna Loa, which sits on this island Q: Hawaii $400 A: Mexicali is the capital of this Mexican state, which sits "below" California Q: Baja California $500 A: The Transylvanian alps are part of this major mountain system of Central & Eastern Europe Q: Carpathians ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the only South American country bordered by a central American country Q: Colombia $200 A: This war-ravaged country is alphabetically 1st in the world Q: Afghanistan $300 A: The highest point in the west Indies is 10,417 ft. duarte peak in this country on Hispaniola Q: The Dominican Republic $400 A: Continent where most of the major mountain ranges extend from a knot of peaks called the Pamir Q: Asia $500 A: Near the geographic center of Australia, this scenic "rock" was a sacred place to the aborigines Q: Ayers Rock ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ranges within this mountain system include the Bighorn, Teton & Wasatch Q: Rocky Mountains $200 A: The Netherlands Antilles, an equal partner in the kingdom of the Netherlands, lie in this body of water Q: Caribbean Sea $300 A: Its counties include Clwyd, Gwynedd, & Dyfed Q: Wales $400 A: The island of Cyprus is considered part of this continent Q: Asia $500 A: Traditional name of southwestern France; Eleanor, mother of Richard the Lionheart, was from there Q: Aquitaine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Yokohama is on the bay named for this larger city Q: Tokyo $200 A: It's the ocean bordering Australia to the west Q: Indian Ocean $300 A: In both area & population, it's the second-largest country in South America Q: Argentina $400 A: The only country on the American mainland that borders only 1 other country Q: Canada $500 A: The Portuguese found a lot of this in what is now Ghana, Hence the name of its coast Q: Gold ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bigger than the entire world's land surface, it's the Earth's largest ocean Q: Pacific $200 A: 1869 completion of this waterway separated Africa from Asia Q: Suez Canal $300 A: The smallest country in the world, it's located entirely within the city of Rome Q: Vatican $400 A: The Sierra Nevada range contains this country's highest peak, the 11,411- foot Mulhacen Q: Spain $500 A: The tropics lie between the Tropics of Cancer & this Q: Capricorn ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cape Agulhas, not the cape of good hope, is this continent's southernmost point Q: Africa $200 A: Of California, Canada, & Columbia, the one with the fewest people Q: Canada $300 A: New world country closest to Africa Q: Brazil $400 A: It's the lowest land point in the entire Western hemisphere Q: Death Valley $500 A: Turkey's largest city, formerly called Constantinople & Byzantium Q: Istanbul ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This French dynasty began with Henry IV in 1589 & ended with Louis-Philippe in 1848 Q: Bourbons $200 A: From mid-1948 to 1949 an average of 4,000 tons of provisions a day were being flown into this city Q: West Berlin $300 A: This South African city was founded in April 1652 as a supply station for the Dutch East India Company Q: Cape Town $400 A: In 1866, Cyrus Field laid the first permanent one Q: Transatlantic Cable $500 A: In 1980, this country was readmitted to Nato's military wing after threatening to close U.S. bases Q: Greece ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1945, Clement Attlee defeated him, becoming British prime minister Q: Winston Churchill $200 A: On July 3, 1962, this country proclaimed Algeria's independence from it Q: France $300 A: Briton who from 1577-80 performed the feat Magellan missed, circling the globe Q: Sir Francis Drake $400 A: Prominent central European country not unified until 1871 Q: Germany $500 A: In 1936, his "general theory of employment, interest & money" changed world economics Q: John Maynard Keynes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1059, to avoid secular control, Pop Nicholas II declared that the Pope should be elected by 7 of them Q: Cardinals $200 A: During the 1917 revolution, this group's slogan was "Peace, Land & Bread" Q: Bolsheviks $300 A: Following the 1857 Indian mutiny, Britain took over direct control of India from this company Q: British East India Company $400 A: Wars between Italy & this African country broke out in 1887, 1895 & 1935 Q: Ethiopia $500 A: Napoleon eventually denounced this foreign minister of his as a coward, a traitor & a thief Q: Talleyrand ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Leaders ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Haile Selassie, a prince of the Amhara Nobility, led this African nation for 44 years Q: Ethopia $200 A: Olof Plame, Prime Minister of this country, was murdered in 1986 Q: Sweden $300 A: The Earl of Beaconsfield, he was Prim Minister under Queen Victoria Q: Benjamin Disraeli $400 A: At age 73, he became West Germany's 1st chancellor & served 14 years Q: Konrad Adenauer $500 A: In 1974, he addressed the U.N. general assembly with a gun in his belt Q: Yasir Arafat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dostoevsky's "The House of the Dead" tells of his 4 years spent in a penal colony here Q: Siberia $200 A: "Rabbit is Rich" not only made him richer, it won him a Pulitzer Prize Q: John Updike $300 A: With companion Alice B. Toklas, this writer presided over a literary salon in Paris Q: Gertrude Stein $400 A: Creator of Penrod, he once served as an Indiana state legislator Q: Booth Tarkington $500 A: Like his father, this great romantic German writer practiced law Q: Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World of Fashion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The hat in the Mexican hat dance Q: Sombrero $200 A: South seas garb worn by Dorothy lamour on "The Road" Q: Sarong $300 A: Where on his body an Arab would wear the traditional keffiyeh Q: Head $400 A: About 7 yards long, it's the loose body wrap worn by Hindu women Q: Sari $500 A: The sash worn with the Japanese Kimono Q: Obi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World of Food ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Like chop suey, this Chinese sweet was invented in America Q: Fortune Cookie $200 A: When its coffee crop was destroyed in 1869, Ceylon switched to growing this Q: Tea $300 A: The fruit of a palm, Merv Griffin had a lovely bunch of them in song Q: Coconuts $400 A: Often mated with oil, it can be made from apples, grapes, barley or oats Q: Vinegar $500 A: Steam of a variety of lily, known in old England as "sparrow grass" Q: Asparagus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Politics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Chiang Kai-Shek's son now rules this country Q: Taiwan $200 A: While "outer" Mongolia is a seperate nation, inner Mongolia belongs to this country Q: China $300 A: Spain recently ended its blockage of this last remaining colony in Europe Q: Gibraltar $400 A: "No nation in history has come as far as fast," this country says of itself in its ads Q: Saudi Arabia $500 A: New Caledonia, with 25% of the world's nickel supply, revolted agains this country Q: France ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Religion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1st published in Palmyra, New York in 1830, this book was reportedly translated from golden plates Q: Book of Mormon $200 A: This religion was founded by Guru Nanak, a Hindu teacher Q: Sikhism $300 A: The Catholic Trinity is the father, son & holy ghost & the Hindu Trinity is Shiva, Brahma & this deity Q: Vishnu $400 A: House of Worship where you'd find an Imam leading the people in prayer Q: Mosque $500 A: Most of the people in Burma, Sri Lanka & Laos are followers of this religion Q: Buddhism ~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Series ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It took them 65 years to win for Brooklyn, & only 2 to win for L.A. Q: Dodgers $200 A: 5 home runs in the 1977 series earned him the nickname "Mr. October" Q: Reggie Jackson $300 A: The 3rd game of the 1989 world series was postponed due to one of these Q: Earthquake $400 A: The team that threw the series in the 1919 "Black Sox" scandal Q: Chicago White Sox $500 A: Though they'd never before finished better than 9th, amazingly they won the 1969 series Q: New York Mets ~~~~~~~~~~~~ World War II ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: FDR called him "uncle Joe" Q: Joseph Stalin $200 A: On July 20, 1944 German Colonel Claus Von Staffenberg tried to assassinate him Q: Adolf Hitler $300 A: 9 months before D-Day, American troops invaded this country Q: Italy $400 A: If you go long enough without a bath, even the fleas will let you alone, wrote this correspondent Q: Ernie Pyle $500 A: In 1942, this southeast Asian monarchy joined the Axis Q: Thailand ~~~~~~~~~~~~ World War II ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As an observer, this CBS correspondent flew 25 combat missions "person to person" Q: Edward R. Murrow $200 A: Belgian colony that was a source of strategic metals & industrial diamonds for the allied effort Q: The Congo $300 A: Fog & mist which grounded allied planes helped this massive German assault in December 1944 Q: Battle of the Bulge $400 A: Over 600,000 bombs destroyed this German city on February 13 & 14, 1945 Q: Dresden $500 A: History's 1st carrier vs. carrier battle was this one, named for a sea off Australia Q: Battle of the Coral Sea ~~~~~ WW II ~~~~~ $100 A: In 1944, this country was hit by 650,000 tons of bombs Q: Germany $200 A: In December 1940, the Japanese referred to this forthcoming attack as "Operation Z" Q: Pearl Harbor $300 A: Before the stop at Bitburg cemetery, Reagan visited this site of this concentration camp Q: Bergen-Belsen $400 A: German's Tiger Tanks were built by this auto manufacturer Q: Porsche $500 A: City where De Gaulle set up the provisional Nat'l committee of the free French in 1940 Q: London ~~~~~~~~~~~~ WW II Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: With only 4 ships, this neighbor of Australia had the smallest navy Q: New Zealand $200 A: The U.S. navy had a ship whose sole purpose was to make this dessert Q: Ice Cream $300 A: In 1942, approaches to the Mississippi River were mined by this type of German vessel Q: U-Boats $400 A: This axis leader had a complete set of dental tools taken everywhere he went Q: Adolf Hitler $500 A: Over 5,000 of them were pilots in the Soviet air force Q: Women _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 4. Final Jeopardy! _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ ~~~~ 1968 ~~~~ A: This ship was seized by North Korea January 23 & the crew was held until December 22 Q: U.S.S. Pueblo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1980's Musicals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The hero of this Tony award-winning "best musical" is sometimes known by a number, 24601 Q: Les Miserables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Sean Connery, Richard Todd & Dick Gautier have all played this legendary fugitive Q: Robin Hood ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Historically significant event of June 17, 1972 Q: Watergate Break-In ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ A: Brightly colored paintings by this British-born L.A. painter toured the U.S. in the 80's Q: David Hockney ~~~~~~~ Authors ~~~~~~~ A: This U.S. poet laureate was the only writer who won Pulitzer prizes for both poetry & fiction Q: Robert Penn Warren ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Best Sellers ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Her "Money Book" was subtitled "How to Earn it, Spend it, Invest it, Borrow it & Use it to Better Your Life" Q: Sylvia Porter ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Business & Industry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: This auto maker introduced the alternator, power steering, & the electronic ignition Q: Chrysler ~~~~~~ Canada ~~~~~~ A: The province named for Queen Victoria's daughter Loise Q: Alberta ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colonial America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The southernmost of the original 13 colonies Q: Georgia ~~~~~~~~~ Composers ~~~~~~~~~ A: Once forced by poverty to sleep in the streets of Vienna, he went on to create "the creation" Q: Franz Joseph Hayon ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Countries of the World ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The northernmost island in the world is a possession of this country Q: Denmark ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Surveyor general of India from 1830-1843, in 1865 a mountain was renamed in his honor Q: Sir George Everest ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: "Alice in Wonderland" character named after the county in which Lewis Carroll was born Q: Cheshire Cat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: In 1861 she was 16 & the Belle of Clayton county, Georgia Q: Scarlett O'Hara ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ A: It was the world's largest city for the entire 19th century Q: London ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ A: He wasn't appointed secretary of state until after he had negotiated the Viet Nam cease fire in 1973 Q: Henry Kissinger ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Holidays & Observances ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: It didn't become a federal holiday until 1971, though it was 1st celebrated in 1792 Q: Columbus Day ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ International Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Popular is India, tandoort chicken is named for the tandoor, which is this Q: Oven ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ A: In 1542, this island group was named for the future king of Spain Q: Philippines ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Letter Perfect ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Vowel found in the names of 7 of the 9 planets Q: U ~~~~~~ Lyrics ~~~~~~ A: Sitcom whose theme song begins, "making your way in the world today takes ev'rything you've got" Q: Cheers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Directors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Joan Fontaine is the only performer who won an Oscar for acting in any of his 53 films Q: Alfred Hitchcock ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The plot of this 1977 film pivoted around Oklahoma City, on & off the stage Q: The Turning Point ~~~~~~~~ Musicals ~~~~~~~~ A: This Lerner & Loewe musical was written directly for the screen & wasn't a Broadway musical until 1973 Q: Gigi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ North America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Maine is the only state that borders this Canadian province Q: New Brunswick ~~~~~~~~~ Operettas ~~~~~~~~~ A: This Johann Strauss classic, coolly received in 1874, had 171 productions in German alone within 6 years Q: Die Fledermaus ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ A: This talk show host says her feet are still on the ground, "they're just wearing more expensive shoes" Q: Oprah Winfrey ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Physical Science ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Known for his principle of displacement, he's been called the "father of experimental science" Q: Archimedes ~~~~~~~~~~ Publishing ~~~~~~~~~~ A: The world almanac is published either 48 hrs after a presidential election or after this October event Q: World Series ~~~~~~ Rivers ~~~~~~ A: It carries more water than the longest rivers in Asia, Africa & North America combined Q: Amazon ~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespeare ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: In the play "Julius Caesar," this character has the most lines Q: Brutus ~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespeare ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The first line spoken in this Shakespearean play is one word: "bos'n!" Q: The Tempest ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports & Games ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Invented in 1895 in Massachusetts, it became as Olympic sport at the 1964 Tokyo games Q: Volleyball ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The 2 state capitals located on the Mississippi River Q: Baton Rouge & St Paul ~~~~~~~~~~ Technology ~~~~~~~~~~ A: They 1st appeared in British shops, motels & railway stations in 1884 & were called silence cabinets Q: Telephone Boots ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ A: From 1965-79 you could "point" to her on "60 minutes" while she debated with James J. Kilpatrick Q: Shana Alexander ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ A: Saul & these 2 others were the only three men to reign as king over all 12 tribes of Israel Q: David & Solomon ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Cabinet ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The flag of the secretary of this department bears a clipper ship & a lighthouse Q: Commerce ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Calendar ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Year that fell "four score and seven" years after Lincoln's Gettysburg address Q: 1950 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Calendar ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The only day of the week named for a Roman god Q: Saturday ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The 2 union states that were invaded by general Lee's confederate army Q: Maryland & Pennsylvania ~~~~~~~~~~ The Movies ~~~~~~~~~~ A: Guinness says this fairy tale has been the subject of more movies than any other Q: Cinderella ~~~~~~~~~~ The Movies ~~~~~~~~~~ A: Charles Laughton, Trevor Howard & Anthony Hopkins all played this historic figure Q: Captain William Bligh ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Olympics ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Of the 5 continents symbolized by Olympic rings, the only 1 never to host the games Q: Africa ~~~~~~~~~~ The Orient ~~~~~~~~~~ A: In the 18th century, this city, then call Edo, was larger than any city in Europe Q: Tokyo ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ A: This 1951 musical is the only movie with a world capital in its title to win "best picture" Q: An American in Paris ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ A: He won an Oscar as "best actor" of 1969 for a western Q: John Wayne ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The U.S. Capitol ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The only state to contribute a statue of a king for our capitol's national statuary hall Q: Hawaii ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The Robert E. Lee & Natchez ran a famous steamboat race from the Gulf of Mexico to this city Q: St. Louis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The longest boundary between any two states is the one between these two Q: Texas & Oklahoma ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Its cornerstone was laid February 12, 1915 Q: Lincoln Memorial ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The outer layer of the Statue of Liberty is made of this metal Q: Copper ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: This state has more earthquakes than the other 49 combined Q: Alaska ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Sate with the smallest population Q: Wyoming ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Only state bordering on 4 of the 5 great lakes Q: Michigan ~~~~ Wars ~~~~ A: The only time a U.S. president personally led troops in battle while in office was during this war Q: War of 1812 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Central American country whose name in Spanish means "depths," from the deep waters off its north coast Q: Honduras ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: For $35,000,a tour company will fly you to this remote point & let you tour the Amundson-Scott station Q: The South Pole ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: In 1804, this Caribbean country became the 1st black nation to gain freedom from European colonial rule Q: Haiti _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 5. Copyright _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ This may be not be reproduced under any circumstances except for personal, private use. It may not be placed on any web site or otherwise distributed publicly without advance written permission. Use of this guide on any other web site or as a part of any public display is strictly prohibited, and a violation of copyright. Copyright 2006 & 2008 David Morris

Bing Crosby

What presidential candidate suspended his campaign on Saturday, following allegations of adultery among his many other woes?

Jeopardy! FAQ for Super Nintendo by Guard Master - GameFAQs GameFAQs Version: 1.2 | Updated: 12/06/08 | Search Guide | Bookmark Guide $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$ $$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$$$$$$$ $$$$$$ =============================================================================== Created By: David Morris (aka Guard Master) Creation Date: June 4, 2006 Last Updated: December 6, 2008 Version Release: 1.2 E-mail: guardmaster (at) gmail (dot) com =============================================================================== _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ Table of Contents _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ 1. Introduction 2. Updates 3. Jeopardy! & Double Jeopardy! 4. Final Jeopardy! 5. Copyright _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 1. Introduction _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ Welcome to the extremely long list of answers and questions for the game Jeopardy! for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System! Whenever there's a mentioning of "a&q" it means "answers and questions," as that's how the game is played. There are a total of 761 categories for the Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! rounds, each containing 5 a&q's, making a total of 3,805 a&q's in this FAQ. There are 60 a&q's for the Final Jeopardy! round. There are a complete total of 3,865 a&q's! In the Double Jeopardy! round, the money acquired is doubled. For example, $100 would be $200, $200 would be $400, and so forth. When you originally play Jeopardy! on the television show, you're given an answer and are required to ask the correct question to get the money. However in this game, you're only required to enter the main word(s) to the question to get the money, as the beginning of the question is already given to you. Here's a list of phrases that are possible to appear depending on the type of question: - What is: - What was: - Who is: - What was: - What are: - Who are: - What were: - Who were: - What is a: - What is the: - What was a: - What was the: - What in heck: - What is an: - What was an: - Who is an: - Who is the: - What were the: - What are the: - Who are the: - Who were the: - Who was the: In order to find the answer you're looking for, you can either use the search function searching for the category or search part of the answer. All of the categories are listed alphabetically, so there's also an option to search for it manually. _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 2. Updates _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ Version 1.0 (June 4, 2006) -Initial release Version 1.1 (June 11, 2006) -Added more sections - Updates and Final Jeopardy! -Added more categories for Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! -Added all of the Final Jeopardy! questions -Updated the introduction section Version 1.2 (December 6, 2008) -Added 208 categories for the Jeopardy! and Double Jeopardy! rounds -Deleted two duplicate categories -Updated the introduction section -Fixed many typos -Reversed the order of questions and answers to answers and questions _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 3. Jeopardy! & Double Jeopardy! _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ ~~~~~~ 'K.K.' ~~~~~~ $100 A: In the film "Miracle on 34th Street," Santa Claus used this alias Q: Kris Kringle $200 A: Founder of the Mongol Dynasty who ruled from the Black Sea to the Yellow Sea Q: Kublai Khan $300 A: They kept law & disorder is Mack Sennett comedies Q: Keystone Kops $400 A: Critics said he never got any close-ups as Barbra Streisand's co-star in "A Star is Born" Q: Kris Kristofferson $500 A: 40's bandleader who lead the "Kollege of Musical Knowledge" Q: Kay Kyser ~~~~~~ "Andy" ~~~~~~ $100 A: The black & white bear of Walter Lantz cartoons Q: Andy Panda $200 A: "A family affair" was the 1st of 15 films in which Mickey Rooney played this character Q: Andy Hardy $300 A: Reg Smythe's pub-crawling comic strip husband of Flo Q: Andy Capp $400 A: Donny Osmond made his debut at the age of 4 on his show Q: Andy Williams $500 A: An 8-hour static film of the Empire State building was done by this pop artist Q: Andy Warhol ~~~~~~~~~~ "C" Cities ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Batman & Superman would fit right in on the street of this South African capital Q: Cape Town $200 A: Named for a city in China, this Ohio town is home to the pro football Hall of Fame Q: Canton $300 A: You can stay at the Choo-Choo Hilton in this Tennessee town Q: Chattanooga $400 A: Simon Bolivar was born & buried in this capital of Venezuela Q: Caracas $500 A: After its destruction in the 3rd Punic War, the Romans sowed salt on its site Q: Carthage ~~~~~~~~ "C" Here ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A hot dog, or the Brooklyn Amusement area where it might be eaten Q: Coney Island $200 A: These people appoint the majority of enrollees at west point Q: Congressmen $300 A: Also called a shell, it's the case containing the gunpowder & bullet Q: Cartridge $400 A: By the mid 19th century women reportedly could block a door when wearing one of these hoopskirts Q: Crinoline $500 A: A Scottish doctor was the 1st to use this to numb the pain of childbirth Q: Chloroform ~~~~~~~~~~ "Cat"egory ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dr. Seuss' feline who wore a chapeau Q: The Cat in the Hat $200 A: Finger game with a loop of string Q: Cat's Cradle $300 A: "Felonious felines, Batman, she's been played by Eartha Kitt & Julie Newmar!" Q: Catwoman $400 A: Ancient weapon kept a stone's throw from its target Q: Catapult $500 A: Elizabeth Taylor character who could have burnt her paws on a hot tin roof Q: Maggie the Cat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Double" Duty ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It makes for a long day at the ball park Q: Double-header $200 A: A flabby facial feature Q: Double Chin $300 A: "I don't know nothing," for example Q: Double Negative $400 A: Eye doctors call it "diplopia" Q: Double Vision $500 A: A marching pace of 180 steps per minute, or twice your usual wage Q: Double Time ~~~~~~~~ "Dry" Up ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: George Jefferson's occupation Q: Dry Cleaner $200 A: Eveready Mallory & Ray-O-Vac Q: Dry Cells $300 A: English Poet, author of "Absalom & Achitophel" Q: John Dryden $400 A: in the bible, Ezekiel saw a valley full of them rise Q: Dry Bones $500 A: Consisting of solid CO2, it contains no water Q: Dry Ice ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Ex" Marks the Spot ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What newsboys shout so you'll "read all about it" Q: Extra $200 A: It "takes a licking & keeps on ticking" Q: Timex $300 A: Arthur's supernatural sword Q: Excalibur $400 A: French for "chessboard," it's the British version of our treasury Q: Exchequer $500 A: These kinds of circumstances can get you off the hook Q: Extenuating ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "EX" Marks the Spot ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The ramp you'd use to get off the freeway, parkway, thruway or interstate Q: Exit $200 A: The twin cities on the border between Arkansas & Texas are both named this Q: Texarkana $300 A: This New Hampshire prep school was established way back in 1781 Q: Exeter $400 A: Paul Revere went through this town on his famous ride, then, after the British caught him, went back on foot Q: Lexington $500 A: Anglo-Saxon kingdom that by 927 A.D. had conquered Essex & Sussex to take over all of England Q: Wessex ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "F" in Bology ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The substance used to preserve frogs that are dissected in Biology class Q: Formaldehyde $200 A: The fennec is the smallest of these animals; the common red is the best known Q: Foxes $300 A: The union of 2 gametes to form a zygote Q: Fertilization $400 A: By definiiition, a substance capable of killing non-green plant such as mold or mildew Q: Fungicide $500 A: The 2 leg bones that fit this category Q: Femur & Fibula ~~~~~~~~ "G" Whiz ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It can follow Maurice, Robin or Barry Q: Gibb $200 A: Term for a present participle used as a noun such as "asking" & "answering" Q: Gerund $300 A: This 20th century German psychology states that the whole experience is greater than the sum of its parts Q: Gestalt $400 A: A rapid slide through a series of consecutive tones on a piano or trombone, for example Q: Glissando $500 A: The okapi belongs to this family Q: Giraffes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Girls" in Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Gigi," Maurice Chevalier thanked heaven for these Q: Little Girls $200 A: According to the 4 seasons, they "don't cry" Q: Big Girls $300 A: Cyndi Lauper's response to parental pressure to settle down Q: Girls Just Wanna Have Fun $400 A: To Billy Joel, she lives in "a white bread world" Q: Uptown Girl $500 A: She is "tall & tan & young & lovely" Q: Girl From Ipanema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Great" Movies ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This F. Scott Fitzgerald novel was filmed twice, in 1949 & 1974 Q: The Great Gatsby $200 A: Robert Redford actually did some wing walking at 3,000 ft for his part in this aviation film Q: The Great Waldo Pepper $300 A: James Earl Jones starred in the stage version before he played fighter Jack Jefferson in this film Q: The Great White Hope $400 A: Miss Piggy, Kermit, Oscar & the usual bunch hot on the trail of jewel thieves in London Q: The Great Muppet Caper $500 A: Robert Duvall gained an Oscar nomination for his portrayal of this military man & his family relationships Q: The Great Santini ~~~~~~~ "Green" ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Permission to proceed Q: Green Light $200 A: Where actors wait, or 1st time comedians on "The Tonight Show" try to keep their dinner down Q: Green Room $300 A: Central Parks' famous eating establishment Q: Tavern on the Green $400 A: To order these in a French restaurant, you'd ask for haricots verts, s'il vous plait Q: Green Beans $500 A: This 1970 book by Yale law professor Charles Reich deals with the ideals of the new generation Q: The Greening of America ~~~~~~~~~~~ "Hog" Wild ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nonsense, or where you might go to get your pig cleaned Q: Hogwash $200 A: Kotter class Klatch which included Epstein, Barbarino & Horshack Q: Sweathogs $300 A: The Larousse encyclopedia of animal life says everything about this African mammal is ugly Q: Warthog $400 A: Scottish New Year's Eve celebration of going house to house giving presents Q: Hogmanay $500 A: If you've run "hog wild" through this category, you've done it this way Q: Whole Hog ~~~~~~ "J.C." ~~~~~~ $100 A: This tennis great credits his mother & grandmother with teaching him the game Q: Jimmy Connors $200 A: Established in 1901, Joliet is the oldest public one of these schools still operating Q: Junior College $300 A: This NBC commentator was the 1st working journalist appointed director the voice of America Q: John Chancellor $400 A: This body of law is perhaps the greatest legacy of the Byzantine Empire Q: Justinian Code $500 A: This tough huy actor is the son of a kosher meat dealer from the Bronx Q: James Caan ~~~~~~~ "Lines" ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In song, Johnny Cash line that follows, "because you're mine" Q: I Walk the Line $200 A: Railroad in Monopoly that fits this category Q: Short Line $300 A: There's only 1 of these lines on a football field Q: 50-Yard Line $400 A: It's been called the boundary between "y'all" & "youse guys" Q: Mason-Dixon Line $500 A: 200-mile-long French line of defense which the Germans bypassed in 1940 by invading Belgium Q: Maginot Line ~~~~~~~~~~~ "P"s & "Q"s ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In area, it's New York City's largest borough Q: Queens $200 A: Technically, this is a trademark name for table tennis Q: Ping Pong $300 A: The tails of this airline's planes all sport kangaroos Q: Qantas $400 A: On a typewriter, elite type gives you 12 characters per inch, while this type gives you 10 Q: Pica $500 A: This author of "Boris Godunov" is widely viewed as the greatest Russian poet of all time Q: Aleksandr Pushkin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Port"s on the Map ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1770, it replaced Cap-Haitien as the capital of Sainte Domingue, which is now Haiti Q: Port-Au-Prince $200 A: European country whose lavish 16th century style of architecture was known as "Manueline" Q: Portugal $300 A: West coast city called America's "City of Roses" Q: Portland $400 A: The construction of the Suez Canal resulted in the founding of this city Q: Port Said $500 A: This capital of Trinidad & Tobago was founded by Spanish settlers in the 1500's Q: Port of Spain ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 11-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: An automobile that can go topless Q: Convertible $200 A: Combining "information" with a word used for TV ads gives us this word for an informative ad Q: Infomercial $300 A: Margaret Bourke-White was a prominent practitioner of this art Q: Photography $400 A: Put a piece of Hershey's with this on a graham cracker & you've got yourself a s'more Q: Marshmallow $500 A: A needed condition, such as finishing on the plus side to play Final Jeopardy! Q: Requirement ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 12-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You can get a knish at a Jewish one, or mozzarella at an Italian one Q: Delicatessen $200 A: From Latin for "repentance," San Quentin is an example Q: Penitentiary $300 A: Before 1934, the date for this was March 4; after 1934, January 20 Q: Inauguration $400 A: Yale University choral group whose name is the same as the name of their theme song Q: Whiffenpoofs $500 A: From Latin for "bend the knees," it's not the cry of a ski instructor but the act of showing reverence Q: Genuflection ~~~~ 1885 ~~~~ $100 A: This game was introduced to America in 1885, not 188"Fore" Q: Golf $200 A: Begun on July 4, 1858 this presidential monument was finally dedicated in 1885 Q: Washington Monument $300 A: This women's magazine celebrated its centennial in 1985, a seal of America's approval Q: Good Housekeeping $400 A: The 2nd volume of his "Das Kapital" was published Q: Karl Marx $500 A: A vine from Napoleon's grave was planted at this U.S. president's tomb Q: Ulysses S. Grant ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 18th Century America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Congress authorized the selection of this city's site on July 16, 1790 Q: Washington D.C. $200 A: Even with tax, this beverage when imported from England was cheaper than that smuggled from Holland Q: Tea $300 A: Ben Franklin began publishing this the year George Washington was born Q: Poor Richard's Almanack $400 A: In 1792, on his way to China, American Robert Gray named this northwest river for his ship Q: Columbia River $500 A: This neighbor, originally annexed as a county of Virginia, became a state itself in 1792 Q: Kentucky ~~~~ 1946 ~~~~ $100 A: College enrollment reached an all-time high as veterans returned with the help of this legislation Q: G. I. Bill $200 A: Comic strip writer who launched a new career with his book "I, the Jury" Q: Mickey Spillane $300 A: On April 18, this ineffective world body was finally disbanded Q: League of Nations $400 A: On the 1st day of 1946, he announced that he wasn't divine Q: Emperor Hirohito $500 A: His song, "There's No Business like Show Business" debuted in "Annie Get Your Gun" Q: Irving Berlin ~~~~ 1960 ~~~~ $100 A: The U.S. won gold in this olympic event with Oscar Robertson & Jerry West Q: Basketball $200 A: Lerner & Loewe musical that provided the theme for the Kennedy years Q: Camelot $300 A: He supplied the key to the Oscar-Winning "Apartment" Q: Jack Lemmon $400 A: Sedentary demonstration against lunch-room segregation Q: Sit-In $500 A: The commoner princess Margaret married Q: Anthony Armstrong-Jones ~~~~ 1960 ~~~~ $100 A: In July in L.A., he was named on the 1st ballot as the dem. presidential candidate Q: John F. Kennedy $200 A: On July 4, the flag with this number of stars was officially flown for the 1st time Q: 50 $300 A: Motorola introduced a completely transistorized version of this, weighing just 40 lbs. Q: Television $400 A: The first name of the son born to Queen Elizabeth II & the duke of Edinburgh on Feb. 2, 1960 Q: Andrew $500 A: In a TV speech on April 22nd, he charged that the U.S. was plotting to overthrow his government Q: Fidel Castro ~~~~ 1982 ~~~~ $100 A: Moon unit Zappa's big hit, fer sure Q: Valley Girl $200 A: Tons of butter and this other dairy product were given away to the needy because of federal surpluses Q: Cheese $300 A: She caused fashion controversy with black satin knickers worn at a summit meeting Q: Nancy Reagan $400 A: She played "a woman called Golda," then won the Emmy posthumously Q: Ingrid Bergman $500 A: This colorful Texas-based airline was the 1st to file for bankruptcy Q: Braniff ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 19th Century ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 3 1/2 years after he was buried in New Orleans, Jefferson Davis was reburied in this state capital Q: Richmond $200 A: In 1882, Charles J. Guiteau was hanged for assassinating this man Q: President James Garfield $300 A: He wrote his 1st operetta, "Prince Aanaias," in 1894, 16 years before "Naughty Marietta" Q: Victor Herbert $400 A: This ornate art style, featuring flowing, curving lines, flourished in the late 1800's Q: Art Nouveau $500 A: While trying to solve the slavery problem in 1850, he said, "I would rather be right than president" Q: Henry Clay ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 20th Century America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cowboy humorist who said his ancestors "didn't come over on the Mayflower, they met the boat" Q: Will Rogers $200 A: Flying a jet fighter in 1953, Jacqueline Cochran became the 1st woman to fly faster than the speed of this Q: Sound $300 A: An acre of English land where the Magna Carta was signed was given to the U.S. in 1965, in memory of him Q: John Fitzgerald Kennedy $400 A: Charles Evans Hughes resigned from this body in 1916 to run for president, but was reappointed in 1930 Q: Supreme Court $500 A: A book by Paul Samuelson is the standard text for this college class in many countries Q: Economics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 20th Century Personalities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Peace prize for nonviolent efforts to win Polish rights Q: Lech Walensa $200 A: This producer's search for Scarlett O'Hara ended with the discovery of Vivien Leigh Q: David O. Selznick $300 A: In 1952, Einstein was offered & turned down the presidency of this country Q: Israel $400 A: The name of this 3rd sec'y-general of the U.N. translates roughly to "Mr. Clean" Q: U Thant $500 A: He served as secretary of the army under Kennedy & later as secretary of state for Carter Q: Cyrus Vance ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 20th Century Personalities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1907, he escaped from chains after being underwater in San Francisco Bay for 2 minutes Q: Harry Houndini $200 A: He was wounded in the assassination of John F. Kennedy Q: John Connally $300 A: Watergate judge John Sirica was once a friend of this controversial Wisconsin senator Q: Joseph Mccarthy $400 A: In 1949, he resigned as secretary of state but returned to the cabinet the next year as secretary of defense Q: George C. Marshall $500 A: In 1962, he resigned as head of general motors to successfully run for governor of Michigan Q: George Romney ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A fedora, homburg or derby Q: Hat $200 A: Quixote or drysdale Q: Don $300 A: According to the title of a 1982 film, Richard Pryor was a live one Q: Toy $400 A: An immature flower, or letterman's Larry Melman Q: Bud $500 A: Some people have a quick one, which beats a half one Q: Wit ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3-Syllable Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Alaskan city that lost a bid for the 1994 winter olympics Q: Anchorage $200 A: The 2 colors in a rainbow that have 3 syllables are indigo & this one Q: Violet $300 A: "Wool Wax" is another name for this sheep grease Q: Lanolin $400 A: To pound, crush or grind into a powder Q: Pulverize $500 A: The first 3-syllable word in "The Star-Spangled Banner" Q: Perilous ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In literature, it described both a "Duckling" & an "American" Q: Ugly $200 A: It frequently accompanies processions when paired with "circumstance" Q: Pomp $300 A: One can be dirty, elephant, or knock-knock Q: Joke $400 A: The measure of a hano, a life, or an airplane's wings Q: Span $500 A: White-rosed royal house that held the English throne from 1461-1485 Q: York ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It can precede "storm," "Mary," or "to the chief" Q: Hail $200 A: The triangle used to set up the balls in a pool game Q: Rack $300 A: Melt Q: Thaw $400 A: To the British, when followed by "up," it's a verb meaning "to make a phone call" Q: Ring $500 A: From Latin for "shortened," it's being short with someone Q: Curt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Used by a carpenter, a master sergeant, & a dentist Q: Drill $200 A: A lady's handbag, or something done to lips before a kiss Q: Purse $300 A: A police wagon, a rice field, or author Chayefsky Q: Paddy $400 A: Hamlet said, "frailty, thy name is" this Q: Woman $500 A: In Czech, it's herec; in German, schauspieler; and in Hollywood, usually unemployed Q: Actor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 9-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To car buffs, a "mag" was originally a lightweight wheel made of this metal Q: Magnesium $200 A: The name for this popular sausage comes from the Italian word for "hot chilis" Q: Pepperoni $300 A: Term for capital letters, from printers' practice of keeping larger type in bins above smaller type Q: Upper Case $400 A: A movable bridge between ship & shore Q: Gangplank $500 A: Twin-hulled boat whose name comes from the tamil for "tied wood" Q: Catamaran ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5-Syllable Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's what the "E" stands for in EPA Q: Environmental $200 A: Type of illness whose physical symptoms are real, but whose source is mental Q: Psychosomatic $300 A: From the Greek word for "skin," it's a doctor who specializes in skin problems Q: Dermatologist $400 A: For a secretary they might be: able to type 70 WPM, take shorthand & use a word processor Q: Qualifications $500 A: A large group of islands Q: Archipelago ~~~~~~~ 50's TV ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ricky Nelson's Brother Q: David $200 A: Fictional homeland of Ricky Ricardo, it was Desi Arnaz's original one Q: Cuba $300 A: He teamed up with David Brinkley in 1956 Q: Chet Huntley $400 A: He played Grandpa Amos on "The Real Mccoys" Q: Walter Brennan $500 A: In 1956-57, he was the last black to host a network variety show until Sammy Davis did in 1966 Q: Nat King Cole ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In baseball, one can be switch or designated Q: Hitter $200 A: A 6-letter word for a 6-person group Q: Sextet $300 A: Type of shell in Mary, Mary's Garden Q: Cockle $400 A: Styles of this Jamaican music include "ska," "rock steady," & "poppa-top" Q: Reggae $500 A: The only 6-letter month Q: August ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Around the house, it could refer to a caster, a curler or the cylinder on which a shade is wound Q: Roller $200 A: Assets easily convertible to cash are described as this Q: Liquid $300 A: From the Latin for "body," it's a dead one Q: Corpse $400 A: A painful experience that tests character, trial by it is tough Q: Ordeal $500 A: Polonius said of Hamlet, "though this be madness, yet there is" this "in't" Q: Method ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 6-Letter Words ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sleek black cat, or sleek British car no matter what the color Q: Jaguar $200 A: Most cats will do this "upon" most mice Q: Pounce $300 A: A large Indian crocodile or a large central park thug Q: Mugger $400 A: Gone by it again or a fancy name for a meal Q: Repast $500 A: Texans call this city "The Big D" Q: Dallas ~~~~~~~~~~ 60's Songs ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "king of" this rode the 3rd boxcar midnight train, destination bengor Maine Q: The Road $200 A: Of "Doo Wah Diddy," "Oogie Boogie" & "Um Um Um Um" the one not a hit in 1964 Q: Oogie Boogie $300 A: While Paul Anka was a "Lonely Boy" in the 50's, this singer was "Mr. Lonely" of the 60's Q: Bobby Vinton $400 A: Group that got around in the 60's being "Up on the Roof," "Under the Boardwalk" & "On Broadway" Q: Drifters $500 A: John Sebastian said explaining this "is like tryin' to tell a stranger about Rock 'N' Roll" Q: Magic ~~~~~~~~~~~ 60's Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By 1966, the air force had logged 10,147 sightings of these, but didn't believe any Q: Ufos $200 A: In October of 1965 he showed his operation scars to reporters Q: Lyndon Johnson $300 A: In 1963, Jean Nidetch lost 72 pounds and started this company Q: Weight Watchers $400 A: In 1967, this representative was kicked out of the house for reprehensible behavior Q: Adam Clayton Powell $500 A: In 1961, this oil billionaire installed a pay phone in his mansion for guests to use Q: J. Paul Getty ~~~~~~~~~~~ 60's Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In '68, Richard Nixon was one of many who spoke this "laugh-in" line Q: Sock It To Me $200 A: As his "army" cheered, he was named associated press' "Athlete of the Decade" Q: Arnold Palmer $300 A: This futuristic cartoon show was appropriately the 1st series broadcast on ABC in color Q: Jetsons $400 A: Practice given a national plan by the Uniform Time Act of 1966 Q: Daylight Savings Time $500 A: Carol Doda was the first to dance in one of this designer's topless swimsuits Q: Rudi Gernreich ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Karen Valentine, Sandra Dee, Sally Field & Caryn Richman have all played this "girl midget" Q: Gidget $200 A: Cary Grant played the mock turtle in this 1933 fantasy film classic Q: Alice in Wonderland $300 A: He was Lindbergh going to Paris & Mr. Smith going to Washington Q: James Stewart $400 A: Character played by both Diana Ross & Judy Garland in separate movie musicals Q: Dorothy $500 A: He played Waldo's uncle Quincy in cartoons & James Dean's dad in rebel without a cause Q: Jim Backus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1955, Walter Matthau played Nathan Detroit in a revival of this broadway musical Q: Guys & Dolls $200 A: In 1978, he made his directorial debut, directing himself as star of "paradise alley" Q: Sylvester Stallone $300 A: While a student at William & Mary, this "fatal attraction" star played Fiona in "Brigadoon" Q: Glenn Close $400 A: He was offered the role of boy in "Tarzan" movies before he played Wally Cleaver Q: Tony Dow $500 A: This pugilistic pulitzer prize winner played architect stanford white in "ragtime" Q: Norman Mailer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Video in which Michael Jackson played a zombie & a werewolf Q: Thriller $200 A: In 1990 the hunt was on for this Soviet ship skippered by Sean Connery Q: Red October $300 A: Actor who stopped the show in "Show Boat" with "Ole Man River" Q: Paul Robeson $400 A: The blonde preferred in the film "Gentlemen prefer blondes" Q: Marilyn Monroe $500 A: Sam Shepard played this barrier breaker in "The Right Stuff" Q: Chuck Yeager ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This star of "Matt Houston" has found "paradise" Q: Lee Horsley $200 A: In this 1976 flick, Laurence Olivier "drilled" Dustin Hoffman for information Q: The Marathon Man $300 A: This inanimate object has a "starring" role in "The Gods Must be Crazy" Q: Coke Bottle $400 A: In 1985, he got "lost in America" with Julie Haggerty Q: Albert Brooks $500 A: David Bowie seemed at home portraying an alien in this 1976 film Q: The Man Who Fell to Earth ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You bet your life he played ko-ko in a 1960 version of "The Mikado" Q: Groucho Marx $200 A: He and Meryl Streep won Oscars playing the title roles in "Kramer vs. Kramer" Q: Dustin Hoffman $300 A: This rock star played Pontius Pilate in "The Last Temptation of Christ" Q: David Bowie $400 A: Offscreen, this Canadian is the son of a mountie; on film, he was the deadpan doctor in "Airplane!" Q: Leslie Nielsen $500 A: This Austrian went to Vienna to play Hamlet after he got "out of Africa" Q: Klaus Maria Brandauer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter Behn was only 4 years old when he began recording the voice of this rabbit in "Bambi" Q: Thumper $200 A: Perhaps her 5 marriages helped prepare this actress for her role as a "Golden Girl" Q: Rue McClanahan $300 A: As both Davy & Daniel, he stuck his nose in troubles between the settlers & Indians Q: Fess Parker $400 A: He played Jane Fonda's fiance in "On Golden Pond" 1 year after bossing her around in "9 to 5" Q: Dabney Coleman $500 A: 8 years after "Tenspeed & Brown Shoe" he retured as Tenspeed Turner on "J.J. Starbuck" Q: Ben Vereen ~~~~~~~~ Admirals ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was proclaimed "admiral of the ocean sea" by Ferdinand & Isabella Q: Christopher Columbus $200 A: "Father of the American Navy;" turned down for admiral, he became one in the Russian Navy Q: John Paul Jones $300 A: Appropriately named admiral who was the 1st to fly over both poles Q: Richard Byrd $400 A: He defeated a Spanish fleet of 10 ships at Manila without a single American life lost Q: George Dewey $500 A: This father of the nuclear sub managed to serve 18 years beyond compulsory retirement age Q: Hyman Rickover ~~~~~~ Africa ~~~~~~ $100 A: It was King Leopold II's personal domain in Africa until the Belgian government took it over in 1908 Q: Congo Free State $200 A: The only river that completely crosses the Sahara Desert Q: Nile $300 A: Francis Scott Key was a member of the society that founded this African country Q: Liberia $400 A: This country & its "equatorial" namesake are located some 1,500 miles apart Q: Guinea $500 A: Every winter, a famous road rally race is run from paris to this capital of Senegal Q: Dakar ~~~~~~ Africa ~~~~~~ $100 A: African country where you'd go to dance the Watusi with real Watusis Q: Burundi $200 A: The Lingua Franca of East Africa, it's written in Arabic script Q: Swahili $300 A: Mobutu Sese Seko, formerly J.D. Mobutu, runs this country, formerly the Belgian congo Q: Zaire $400 A: The most populous South African province, it's located north of the Vaal River Q: Transvaal $500 A: This small Mali town, synonymous with "faraway places," was a great medieval trade center Q: Timbuktu ~~~~~~~~ Ailments ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Severe one-sided headache usually alleviated in women during pregnancy Q: Migraine $200 A: These connecting cushions between vertebrae can sometimes "slip" Q: Disks $300 A: It's thought that after humans gave up eating grass this organ atrophied & became a troublemaker Q: Appendix $400 A: Disease carried by wood ticks & named for the mountain range where it was 1st "spotted" Q: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever $500 A: Illness characterized by swelling parotid glands & protruding earlobes Q: Mumps ~~~~~~~~~~~~ All "Thumb"s ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Danny Kaye Sang "a tiny little thing" to this "digital" dolly Q: Thumbelina $200 A: Plants are said to respond well to this Q: Green Thumb $300 A: To hold influence over someone is to keep them here Q: Under Your Thumb $400 A: This form of identification if a "blot" on your record Q: Thumbprint $500 A: Insulting oral gesture featured in the 1st scene of "Romeo & Juliet" Q: Biting Your Thumb ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All That Jazz ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Instrument "Satchmo" played Q: Trumpet $200 A: As Duke Ellington wrote, "It don't mean a thing if it ain't got" this Q: That Swing $300 A: Scott Joplin's brand of music, it brought Jazz out of the "fancy houses" Q: Ragtime $400 A: In 1924, Paul Whiteman introduced this 1st gershwin concert Jazz piece Q: Rhapsody in Blue $500 A: Mel & Ella excel at this, singing meaningless syllables instead of words Q: Scat Singing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Alphabet Soup ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This candy, introduced in the U.S. in 1940, was available in London for the 1st time in 1988 Q: M & Ms $200 A: William Paley Established this company in 1928 Q: CBS $300 A: Despite what the 3 letter stand for, this Ford model has been around for over 20 years Q: LTD $400 A: The 1st person singular pronoun in the nominative case Q: I $500 A: 3-letter abbreviation of the Latin phrase meaning "which was to be demonstrated" Q: QED ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Alphabet Soup ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Churchill's symbol for "Victory," or the Roman symbol for 5 Q: V $200 A: Letter which "Stops" your camera lens & your progress in school Q: F $300 A: The unit of computer capacity equal to 1024 bytes is represented by this letter Q: K $400 A: What a small C enclosed in a circle means Q: Copyright $500 A: Followed by "Th," this letter expresses the ultimate degree Q: N ~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Art ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His April 1 Saturday evening post covers deliberately contained mistakes Q: Norman Rockwell $200 A: He created ads for women's shoes, but only copied the label of a Campbell's soup can Q: Andy Warhol $300 A: Though published in "Elephant Folios" his subjects were the birds of America Q: John James Audubon $400 A: His two worlds are rural Pennsylvania & "Chistina's World" Q: Andrew Wyeth $500 A: He painted 3 portraits of Washington, 1 left unfinished, 1 used on the $1 bill Q: Gilbert Stuart ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York dentist whose "Riders of the Purple Sage" made him a popular western novelist Q: Zane Grey $200 A: Punning author of ligh verse who wrote "cats have kittens... bats have bittens" Q: Ogden Nash $300 A: Tom Wolfe wrote "the electric kool-aid acid test" about the lifestyle of this "cuckoo's nest" author Q: Ken Kesey $400 A: In "Scoundrel Time," she chronicled the battle with McCarthyism of her lover, Dashiell Hammett Q: Lillian Hellman $500 A: The film, "A Place in the Sun" was based on his novel "An American Tragedy" Q: Theodore Dreiser ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Primary author of the declaration of independence Q: Thomas Jefferson $200 A: Fortune hunters in the postwar south named for the luggage they carried Q: Carpetbaggers $300 A: The U.S. was involved in a bitter struggle between factions in this Asian country from 1950 to 1953 Q: Korea $400 A: Vice president charged with both treason & murder Q: Aaron Burr $500 A: The "Angel of the Battlefield" who established the American Red Cross Q: Clara Barton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st soldier buried in this national cemetery was a confederate prisoner who died in 1864 Q: Arlington $200 A: Secretary of Defense through much of the 60's, the Vietnam War was sometimes called his war Q: Robert McNamara $300 A: Western state which entered the union as a result of the compromise of 1850 Q: California $400 A: Though he directed the team that made the 1st atomic bomb, he opposed making the hydrogen bomb Q: J. Robert Oppenheimer $500 A: Last name of the 1st American in space Q: Shepard ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Also known as "Lemonade Lucy," Mrs. Rutherford Hayes was the 1st president's wife to be called this Q: First Lady $200 A: Prisoners from S.F. city jails were sent to an army guardhouse on this island after the 1906 earthquake Q: Alcatraz $300 A: The 1st U.S. use of military aircraft was against this Mexican revolutionary in 1916 Q: Pancho Villa $400 A: John Foster Dulles was secretary of state & his brother Allen Cia director during his administration Q: Dwight Eisenhower $500 A: During the Civil War, Lincoln suspended this, which prevents a person from being detained illegally Q: Habeas Corpus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ironically, this symbol of American independence was cast in London in 1752 Q: Liberty Bell $200 A: Andrew Jackson pushed a bill through congress to push all Indians west of this natural border Q: Mississippi $300 A: In 1861, it carried Lincoln's inaugural address from Missouri to Nevada in its best time ever Q: Pony Express $400 A: President who served as architect for much of the University of Virginia Q: Thomas Jefferson $500 A: The first of these arts awards were presented in 1929 Q: Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Louisiana Purchase stemmed from U.S. efforts to buy this port city Q: New Orleans $200 A: Elected governor of New York at only 37, he later became the secretary of state who bought Alaska Q: William Seward $300 A: He was the judge on the original Watergate case Q: John Sirica $400 A: This Pennsylvania city was the center of U.S. steelmaking at the time of its famous 1889 flood Q: Johnstown $500 A: Shouting "remember the Alamo," Sam Houston's men defeated Santa Anna at this battle Q: The Battle of San Jacinto ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to its 1662 charter, Connecticut was to extend westward from Narragansett Bay to this ocean Q: Pacific $200 A: The 7th fleet was sent to protect Americans in this country when Diem was overthrown in November 1963 Q: Vietnam $300 A: It began on the Niagara grid at 5:17 P.M. on November 9, 1965 & spread out from Canada to Pennsylvania Q: Great Northeast Blackout $400 A: In 1775 he led a group of men cutting the wilderness trail through the Cumberland gap Q: Daniel Boone $500 A: A slave named Tituba is often blamed from starting the hysteria in this village in 1692 Q: Salem Massachusetts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Indians ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Tribe for whom Wyoming's capital is named Q: Cheyenne $200 A: Jicarilla, San Carlos & Mescalero are tribes of this Indian nation Q: Apache $300 A: In 1877, this Nez Perce chief said, "I will fight no more forever" Q: Chief Joseph $400 A: Last major Indian war battle took place at this South Dakota site Q: Wounded Knee $500 A: Before whites introduced horses, this animal was the plains Indians' main beast of burden Q: Dog ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In some versions of this song, the title characters are "Frankie & Albert" Q: Frankie & Johnnie $200 A: In "Columbia, the gem of the ocean," these 3 colors are mentioned at least 12 times Q: Red, White & Blue $300 A: In 1945, this composer won a Pulitzer prize for "Appalachian Spring" Q: Aaron Copland $400 A: According to title of an 1852 song, "Massa's in" this Q: Cold Cold Ground $500 A: In "Yankee Doodle," the men & boys are "as thick as" this Q: Hasty Pudding ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Revolution ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: James Otis said, "taxation without" this "is tyranny" Q: Representation $200 A: His name was Marie Joseph Paul Yves Rock Gilbert Du Moteir, but his title was Marquis of this Q: Lafayette $300 A: This pamphleteer wrote, "Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil" Q: Thomas Paine $400 A: The "Intolerable Acts" of 1774 were intended to punish this rebellious colony Q: Massachusetts $500 A: At Lexington, J. Parker said, "Don't fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war," then this Q: Let It Begin Here ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Revolution ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Wanting the job of commander, he came to the continental congress in full dress uniform Q: George Washington $200 A: Disgruntled officer who turned traitor Q: Benedict Arnold $300 A: This battle might properly be called the Battle of Breed's Hill Q: Bunker Hill $400 A: Colorful name of Ethan Allen's Vermont Militia Q: Green Mountain Boys $500 A: Killed in the Boston Massacre, this former slave is considered the 1st revolutionary Martyr Q: Crispus Attucks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American Revolution ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New Jerseyites disguised as Indians burned this, unlike the Bostonians who dumped it in the harbor Q: Tea $200 A: By the time this country fought in our revolution, it was already at war with Britain Q: France $300 A: He was the losing general in the battles of Long Island & White Plains Q: George Washington $400 A: The 1st American Act of Aggression was the capture of this fort by 100 of Ethan Allen's "boys" Q: Fort Ticonderoga $500 A: The military post which Benedict Arnold planned to betray to the British Q: West Point ~~~~~~~~~ Americana ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Giant whose best buddies were Johnny Inkslinger & a great big bovine Q: Paul Bunyan $200 A: He wast the first to call the Native Americans "Indians" Q: Christopher Columbus $300 A: You can wade across this mighty river where it's not so mighty at its source, Lake Itasca Q: Mississippi $400 A: The only person mentioned by name in "Hail, Columbia" is this president Q: George Washington $500 A: In 1856 Young Marshall Field went to this city, where he became a clerk in a dry goods store Q: Chicago ~~~~~~~~ Anagrams ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You might find a flea on this part of your garden's foliage Q: Leaf $200 A: Even when you throw dead flowers away you save this Q: Vase $300 A: What Isolde is when she gets dirty Q: Soiled $400 A: It takes a lot of talent to do it well on ice Q: Skate $500 A: Deeply engrossed in part of a book Q: Rapt ~~~~~~~~ Anagrams ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What you would send to Lima Via Correo Aereo Q: Mail $200 A: Cooking's a snap when you have these Q: Pans $300 A: Type of sound a sheep might make while being sheared on the table Q: Bleat $400 A: This fancy layer cake might be the favorite dessert for an otter Q: Torte $500 A: In this winter olympic event, the rider must stick like glue to the sled Q: Luge ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: You have 2 of these joint where an iliac bone unites with the sacrum Q: Sacroiliac $200 A: The main function of these teeth is biting Q: Incisors $300 A: Even with your eyes shut you can tell which was is up from your sense of balance in this organ Q: Ear $400 A: Unlike your fingers, the thumb has only this number of phalanges Q: 2 $500 A: Along with the tarsal glands, these other glands provide lubrication for the eyes Q: Lacrimal Glands ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: A biped has two of these since that's what biped means Q: Feet $200 A: Cephalic means relating to this part of the body Q: Head $300 A: Blood component also known as leukocytes Q: White Cells $400 A: Skin color is mainly determined by the amount of this dark brown pigment Q: Melanin $500 A: By age 5, this 3 lb. organ has reached 90% of its adult weight Q: Brain ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The quadriceps, the strongest muscles in the body, are located there Q: Thigh $200 A: A vestigial organ in humans, it's helpful at the back of reference books Q: Appendix $300 A: Because of has explosions in fluid filling them, they crack Q: Knuckles $400 A: Scientific name for your voice box Q: Larynx $500 A: Joint connectors which are looser in double jointed person than in others Q: Ligaments ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The adult size of this j-shaped organ can hold about a quart of chop suey Q: Stomach $200 A: The eye's clear outer layer where a soft lens wearer makes "contact" Q: Cornea $300 A: Connected to the nasal area, these 4 sets of empty cavities make us all "airheads" Q: Sinuses $400 A: The body's largest internal organ Q: Liver $500 A: Though lacking tails, we don't lack this, anatomically caled a coccyx Q: Tail Bone ~~~~~~~ Anatomy ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Teeth too "smart" to make their appearance until age 18-20 Q: Wisdom Teeth $200 A: A boxer's punch to these bean-shaped twin organs can be deadly Q: Kidneys $300 A: Metatarsal bones are found in this Q: Foot $400 A: Organ that filters & stores blood; malicious people "vent" theirs Q: Spleen $500 A: This muscle's name translates to "largest buttock" in English Q: Gluteus Maximus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ancient Egypt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The term for the king came into use during the new kingdom; before that, it referred to the palace Q: Pharaoh $200 A: Speaking of her love for Caesar, Cleopatra described those "days" as when she was "green in judgement" Q: Salad Days $300 A: Of the British Museum, the Egyptian Museum, or his tomb, where King Tut's body now rests Q: His Tomb $400 A: Found in 1799, this black basalt slab was the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics Q: Rosetta Stone $500 A: Akhenaten's wife; her name meant "the beautiful one comes," something said at her birth Q: Nefertiti ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ancient History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though an Ethnic Macedonian, she was the most famous Queen of Egypt Q: Cleopatra $200 A: Reportedly blind, he opened our eyes to the "Iliad" & Odyssey" Q: Homer $300 A: Our word for paper derives from this Egyptian plant Q: Papyrus $400 A: He crossed the Rubicon, a giant step toward coming to power Q: Julius Caesar $500 A: Student of Socrates & teacher of Aristotle Q: Plato ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Whether St. Patrick was responsible or not, none are naturally found in Ireland Q: Snakes $200 A: Ben Franklin didn't care for it, calling it a bird of "bad moral character" Q: Eagle $300 A: Fastest land animals they've been clocked at 70 M.P.H. Q: Cheetahs $400 A: Endangered ape found only in Borneo and Sumatra, its name means "Man of the Woods" Q: Orangutan $500 A: The hierarchy of chickens Q: Pecking order ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The ratel is a badger that loves this sweet substance; its coat protects it from stings Q: Honey $200 A: A type of finch in the Galapagos Islands if named after this naturalist, who studied there Q: Charles Darwin $300 A: Skin secretions of the South America treefrog are used by Indians as a poison on these Q: Arrows $400 A: While other iguanas are other colors, the common iguana is this color Q: Green $500 A: A spider's eggs are laid & stored in one of these Q: Cocoon ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: To replace lost water, these "desert ships" may drink 20 gallons or more at one time Q: Camels $200 A: Named for a marsupial, this rodent drums on the Earth with its large legs to communicate Q: Kangaroo Rat $300 A: These members of the squirrel family live in excavated "towns," which may be populated by thousands of them Q: Prairie Dogs $400 A: Most species of these fabulously colored & plumed birds live in New Guinea, not in Shangri-La Q: Birds of Paradise $500 A: Well known as a pet, the golden variety of this mammal goes through pregnancy in only 16 days Q: Hamster ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This tiny pest, pulex irritans, can jump 130 times its own height Q: Flea $200 A: There are about 40,000 muscles & tendons in this part of an elephant's body Q: Trunk $300 A: When husbands "pop" for an ermine coat, they're actually buying this fur Q: Weasel $400 A: Close relative of the pig, though its name means "river horse" Q: Hippopotamus $500 A: If this hybrid's parents were reversed, you'd get a hinny Q: Mule ~~~~~~~ Animals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Like a snake, a hummingbird has a forked one Q: Tongue $200 A: You don't have to be a "wit" to know that this is a young louse Q: Nit $300 A: The information please almanac calls it "a curious, long-haired ox found in Tibet" Q: Yak $400 A: It's what makes the fisher valuable Q: Its Fur $500 A: The encyclopedia of mammals likens these "social organs" of a walrus to antlers of a deer or horns of a sheep Q: Tusks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Animal Adjectives ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When something smells suspicious Q: Fishy $200 A: Something shabby, as though gnawed by rodents Q: Ratty $300 A: What you might feel after spilling wine all over your hostess' lamb chops Q: Sheepish $400 A: Stubborn Q: Mulish $500 A: Ursine synonym for surly Q: Bearish ~~~~ Ants ~~~~ $100 A: Though we call America's the original 13, ants lived in these long before that Q: Colonies $200 A: After this queen makes her 1 mating flight, she has no need for these & chews them off Q: Wings $300 A: The echdna, pangolin & aardvark, for example Q: Anteaters $400 A: Antenna serve ants as organs of all senses except this Q: Sight $500 A: These ants don't eat food, only chew out holes big enough to "Build their nests Q: Carpenter Ants ~~~~~~~~~~~ Archaeology ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This city's walls tumbled down long before Kathleen Kenyon proved it's 1 of the oldest cities known Q: Jericho $200 A: As Mexico City's subway system is expanded, ruins from this Indian culture keep turning up Q: Aztec $300 A: This method of dating can tell the age of an artifact that is up to 40,000 years old Q: Radio Carbon Dating $400 A: In the 1800's, the great library of Ashurbanipal was unearthed at Nineveh, last capital of this empire Q: Assyrian $500 A: Sir Leonard Wooley is best known for his discoveries at Ur, a city in ancient Sumer, now part of this country Q: Iraq ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: The "Anatomy lesson of Dr. Tulp" was this Dutch master's 1st large-scale portrait Q: Rembrandt $200 A: Marcel Duchamp put a moustache on this famous portrait Q: Mona Lisa $300 A: King Tut's tomb door, an oriental ballet, & cubism led to this art style of the 1920's Q: Art Deco $400 A: Somber Spanish artist famous for "The 2nd of May" & its sequel, "The 3rd of May" Q: Francisco Goya $500 A: To distinguish himself from his father, Bernardo, Giovanni Canal signed his work this way Q: Canaletto ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: Perfected in 16th century Europe, this art process uses a corrosive acid on metal plates Q: Etching $200 A: In "liberty leading the people," liberty carries the flag of this country Q: France $300 A: During the renaissance, Della Robbia's workshops specialized in this type of earthenware Q: Terra Cotta $400 A: While the deaf Beethoven was composing, this deaf Spanish artist was painting the Bulls of Bordeaux Q: Francisco Goya $500 A: His miniature circus is on permanent display at New York City's Whitney Museum Q: Alexander Calder ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: The king of this country gave Salvador Dali a noble title, the Marques De Dali De Publo Q: Spain $200 A: Museums in Paris & Philadelphia are named for this sculptor of "The Kiss" & "The Thinker" Q: Auguste Rodin $300 A: This French artist's short legs were the result of 2 accidents he suffered as a child Q: Henai De Toulouse-Lautrec $400 A: German-born artist who was court painter to Henry VIII Q: Hans Holbein the Younger $500 A: Artist George Segal is working on a series of these inspired by the paintings of his favorite Q: Sculptures ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: He painted "Old Women of Arles" as well as young women of Tahiti Q: Paul Gauguin $200 A: Tesserae are the small cubes or shaped pieces held in place by plaster, cement or putty in one of these Q: Mosaic $300 A: He painted bird illustrations in addition to writing poems about birds, like "The Owl & the Pusscat" Q: Edward Lear $400 A: Term collectors use for the total number of prints made from one plate during one printing Q: Edition $500 A: The art form surrealism began as a literary movement inspired by this French movement Q: Dadaism ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: A painting of inanimate objects, not people Q: Still Life $200 A: American painter famous for scenes of the sea, rural America, & the Civil War Q: Winslow Homer $300 A: The musical "Sunday in the park with George" was based on a painting by this French artist Q: Georges Seurat $400 A: The overly ornate style which succeeded mannerism & preceded rococo Q: Baroque $500 A: Belgian surrealist with a penchant for painting bowler hats Q: Rene Magritte ~~~ Art ~~~ $100 A: One of these creatures is speared by St. George in Raphael's famous work Q: Dragon $200 A: Gainsborough painted it to disprove the theory that masses of blue ruin a composition Q: Blue Boy $300 A: When his "the night watch," was cleaned, it proved to be a daytime scene Q: Rembrandt $400 A: He was a financier before leaving civilization & settling in the South Seas Q: Gauguin $500 A: Hans Holbein the younger illustrated this author's "Utopia" & painted his portrait Q: Sit Thomas More ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Diego Rivera led the great mural painting movement that flourished in this country after 1920 Q: Mexico $200 A: Gutzon Borglum died before completing this huge sculpture, so his son Lincoln finished it for him Q: Mount Rushmore $300 A: Grant Wood used his sister & dentist as the models for this 1930 painting Q: American Gothic $400 A: Utrillo was best known for painting street scenes of this city Q: Paris $500 A: One of America's most noted illustrators, he was Andrew Wyeth's father Q: N.C. Wyeth ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Eugene Delacroix wrote, "the first virtue of painting is to be a feast for" these Q: Eyes $200 A: Charles Dana Gibson's wife was the model for this gay 90's symbol of beauty Q: Gibson Girl $300 A: Edward Hicks, best known for "the peaceable kingdom," was a minister in this religion Q: Quaker $400 A: These 2 Van Gogh paintings with floral titles each sold for more than $39 million in 1987 Q: Sunflowers & Irises $500 A: Modigliani gave up this form of art in 1915, partly because materials were too expensive Q: Sculpture ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ $100 A: He said, "the more the marble wastes, the more the statue grows," & proved it with his David Q: Michelangelo $200 A: His pale face topped with silver hair was almost as familiar as his paintings of soup cans Q: Andy Warhol $300 A: Born Anna Mary Robertson she was discovered at age 77 & painted 40 pictures before reaching 100 Q: Grandma Moses $400 A: Braque said he & this other famed cubist were "roped together like mountaineers" Q: Pablo Picasso $500 A: After Spain's King Philip II denied him royal patronage, he worked for the rest of his life for the church Q: El Greco ~~~~~~~~~ Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To locate this navigational point in the night sky, extend a line from the star Merak on past Dubhe Q: North Star $200 A: This imaginary celestial belt includes the apparent annual paths of the sun & most planets Q: Zodiac $300 A: Both the Greeks & the Native Americans identified this constellation as the Great Bear Q: URSA Major $400 A: They are estimated to add more than 1,000 tons to the earth's weight each day Q: Meteorites $500 A: 4 of this outer planet's moons are named for Shakespearean characters Q: Uranus ~~~~~~~~~ Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Common name of the Aurora Borealis Q: Northern Lights $200 A: Since ancient Greece, their brightness has been measured in magnitude Q: Stars $300 A: His book "Siderius Nuncius," on telescope use, was a best-seller in 1610 Q: Galileo $400 A: The perseids of August & the taurids of November are showers of these Q: Meteors $500 A: During this, irregularities of the moon's edge cause what are called Bailey's beads Q: Solar Eclipse ~~~~~~~~~ Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Self-luminous gaseous body, or Hollywood celeb Q: Star $200 A: The evening or morning "star" is really this planet Q: Venus $300 A: Planet once though to have the only rings in the solar system Q: Saturn $400 A: Name of the 1st artificial satellite, it was launched October 4, 1957 Q: Sputnik $500 A: The only planet to have seasons similar to Earth's Q: Mars ~~~~~~~~~ Australia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Animals on its Coat of Arms are the emu & this Q: Kangaroo $200 A: The title of this song actually means "to tramp the roads with a backpack" Q: Waltzing Matilda $300 A: The black-skinned original Australians Q: Aborigines $400 A: This formation stretches along the north east coast of Australia Q: Great Barrier Reef $500 A: Outside the American west, this Native Australian tree is the world's tallest Q: Eucalyptus ~~~~~~~ Authors ~~~~~~~ $100 A: After marrying Eliza Stowe's widower, she had a daughter named Eliza & wrote a book about an Eliza Q: Harriet Beecher Stowe $200 A: Poet whose wife died after her dress caught fire while he worked on "Tales of a Wayside Inn" Q: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow $300 A: Besides some songs, he wrote only 1 major poem, "Tam O'Shanter," after age 27 Q: Robert Burns $400 A: Mark Twain's last home, Stormfield, named for one of his last characters, was in this state Q: Connecticut $500 A: His story, "Music for Chameleons," was about a real-life friend who played Mozart for lizards Q: Truman Capote ~~~~~~~ Authors ~~~~~~~ $100 A: While many people shorten their last names, in 1700 this author lengthened his from "Foe" to this Q: Daniel Defoe $200 A: Mark Twain said this man "scored 114 offenses against Literary Art" on just 1 page of "The Deerslayer" Q: James Fenimore Cooper $300 A: The 1988 Pulitzer prize for Biography went to "Look Homeward: A Life Of" this man Q: Thomas Wolfe $400 A: He grew prize dahlias & had an enormous aviary at this Hollywood home, "Ozcot" Q: L. Frank Baum $500 A: He was the most famous resident of Oxfore, Mississippi Q: William Faulkner ~~~~~~~~~~~ Automobiles ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Type of auto engine or a tomato cocktail Q: V-8 $200 A: "He'd build you a Model T in any color, as long as it was black" Q: Henry Ford $300 A: This toy company builds more cars than Ford, G.M. & Chrysler combined Q: Mattel $400 A: Powered by this, the Stanley special won in Daytona in 1907 at 197 MPH Q: Steam $500 A: In Japan, it's called "Rasshu Awa;" in L.A., 4 to 6 P.M. Q: Rush Hour ~~~~~~~~~~~ Automobiles ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though thought of as an early car, it was built by the Stanley twins' company until 1924 Q: Stanley Steamer $200 A: Yep, he & Clark Gable bought the only 2 SSJ Duesenbergs sold Q: Gary Cooper $300 A: In 1908, the Model K of this luxury car was the 1st to use standard parts Q: Cadillac $400 A: In 1932, it was the 1st company to sell a low-priced car with a V-8 engine Q: Ford $500 A: To conserve gas & rubber, this was the speed limit for much of WW II Q: 35 MPH ~~~~~~~~ Aviation ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Airline the koala says it hates Q: Qantas $200 A: 15th Century artist who drew prototypes & experimented with helicopter models Q: Leonardo Da Vinci $300 A: It was the 1st SST to operate commercially in the U.S. Q: Concorde $400 A: The 1st commercial jetliner, the Dehavilland comet, was built in this country in 1949 Q: Great Britain $500 A: Last name of Aviatrix Beryl, who was also an author Q: Markham ~~~~~~ Awards ~~~~~~ $100 A: Though his leading actors were a mouse and a duck, this producer won more Oscars than anyone Q: Walt Disney $200 A: The most decorated soldier of WWII, he later decorated the "B" movie screen Q: Audie Murphy $300 A: Gaylord Perry was the only pitcher to win this award in both major leagues Q: CY Young Award $400 A: Mystery writers named their award for this early author of the Eerie Q: Edgar Allan Poe $500 A: Germany's highest military honor or a ring maneuver in gymnastics Q: Iron Cross ~~~~~~ Ballet ~~~~~~ $100 A: "Swan Lake" was originally such a failure that this composer planned to rewrite it, but he died first Q: Peter Tchaikovsky $200 A: In the 1930's this company was known as the Sadler's Wells Ballet but now it's called this Q: Royal Ballet $300 A: The patriotic ballet "Stars & Stripes" is banded to his music Q: John Philip Sousa $400 A: In Stravinsky's ballet this title bird has strange powers & magic feathers Q: Firebird $500 A: She was already in her 40's when she became Rudolf Nureyev's most famous partner Q: Dame Margot Fonteyn ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Banned Books ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Calling him an anti-red rebel, E. Berlin schools banned this rodent's comic books in 1954 Q: Mickey Mouse $200 A: In 1932, 500 copies of this James Joyce novel were burned by the U.S. Post Office Q: Ulysses $300 A: He won the Nobel Prize for "Dr. Zhivago," but was force to refuse it Q: Boris Pasternak $400 A: Published in 1900, his "Sister Carrie" was still banned in Vermont in 1985 Q: Theodore Dreiser $500 A: Erskine Caldwell novel banned in St. paul in 1946 Q: Tobacco Road ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Before 1859, they sat in padded rocking chairs behind the catcher Q: Umpires $200 A: In spring training, Babe DidRikson once pitched to these Beantown batters Q: Boston Red Sox $300 A: No major leaguer has ever hit a fair ball out of this "House that Ruth built" Q: Yankee Stadium $400 A: Though he didn't throw the 1st pitch inventing baseball, he fired the first shot defending Ft. Sumter Q: Abner Doubleday $500 A: Pitcher whose brother was daffy but not crazy Q: Dizzy Dean ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: During the McCarthy era, this team changed its name to "Redlegs" Q: Cincinnati Reds $200 A: As of 1990, he held the record for the most lifetime hits Q: Pete Rose $300 A: Ball park institution which seems to have died out with the advent of women's lib Q: Ladies' Day $400 A: As of 1990, the state with 5 major league baseball teams Q: California $500 A: Famed pitcher Denton Young's name was a shortened version of this violent storm Q: Cyclone ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This Brooklyn team's longest losing streak was 16 games, in 1944 Q: Dodgers $200 A: The Boston Pilgrims beat the Pittsburgh pirates to win the 1st one in 1903 Q: World Series $300 A: 3 balls & 2 strikes are called this Q: Full Count $400 A: The Orioles' Rick Dempsey was this in '83 world series Q: MVP $500 A: To this N.L. team, Lou Brock was always out in left field Q: Cardinals ~~~~~~~~ Baseball ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: League that has won the All-Star game 20 of the last 22 times Q: National League $200 A: Courts once upheld local ordinances banning night games in this team's ballpark Q: Chicago Cubs $300 A: Of Buck Rodgers, Flash Gordon & James T. Kirk, the one who currently manages the Montreal Expos Q: Buck Rodgers $400 A: A young boy supposedly said "say it ain't so, Joe" to him after the Black Sox scandal Q: Shoeless Joe Jackson $500 A: In 1920, Cleveland shortstop Ray Chapman became the only major leaguer to whom this happened in a game Q: Being Killed ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Baseball Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After 22 years with this St. Louis team, Stan Musial played his last game on 9/29/63 Q: Cardinals $200 A: Versatile athlete who still holds women's world record for a baseball throw of 296 feet Q: Babe Didrikson $300 A: He said, "it isn't over til it's over" Q: Yogi Berra $400 A: Charlie Finley wanted this Oakland A's pitcher to change his 1st name to True Q: Vida Blue $500 A: He was the 1st black to play in the American league Q: Larry Doby ~~~~~~~~~~ Basketball ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sounds like the favorite shot of Peter Pan's nemesis Q: Hook Shot $200 A: Height, in feet, of the basket Q: 10 $300 A: Atlanta's basketball birds Q: Hawks $400 A: Line sometimes called the "charity stripe" or free throw line Q: Foul Line $500 A: He was NBA scoring champ for 7 straight years Q: Wilt Chamberlain ~~~~~~~~~~ Bear Facts ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In song, Davy Crockett was said to have "kill't him a bar when he was only" this age Q: 3 $200 A: The original Smokey the Bear became a popular attraction at this city's zoo Q: Washington, D.C. $300 A: The constellation Ursa major, meaning "the great bear" is better know by this name Q: Big Dipper $400 A: They are the best swimmers of all bears Q: Polar Bears $500 A: Name of the mascot few Americans got to see at the 1980 olympics Q: Misha ~~~~~~~~~~~ Beauty Shop ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: If you ask for it in a beauty shop, you'll get a foam used in hair styling, not a sweet dessert Q: Mousse $200 A: Term for lightening hair or whitening clothes Q: Bleaching $300 A: "Tantalizing" term for backcombing hair Q: Teasing $400 A: Spanish for "mask," though it emphasizes rather than hides eyes Q: Mascara $500 A: A manicure for the feet Q: Pedicure ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Begins with "L" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Erich Segal's biggest best-seller Q: Love Story $200 A: An air bubble tells a carpenter if he's on it Q: Level $300 A: Unit of measure equivalent to 1.0567 quarts Q: Liter $400 A: A, b, m, p, or z for example Q: Letter $500 A: It's what bread has that Matzo hasn't Q: Leavening ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Biblical Birds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When Noah sent it out to see if the waters had subsided, it came back with an olive branch Q: Dove $200 A: Peter denied 3 times that he knew Jesus, after which this immediately happened Q: The Cock Crowed $300 A: Jesus's love for Jerusalem was like this mother bird gathering its little ones under its wings Q: Hen $400 A: Bird God called foolish because it lays its eggs on the ground where they can be stepped on Q: Ostrich $500 A: When the Isralites asked Moses for meat, God provided 1000's of these stout birds Q: Quail ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Biblical Zoo ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 2nd of Egypt's plagues was Hordes of this amphibian Q: Frogs $200 A: Jeremiah rhetorically asked, "can it change its spots?" Q: Leopard $300 A: They licked the sores of Lazarus & ate the flesh of Jezebel Q: Dogs $400 A: David's 1st vocation was tending these Q: Sheep $500 A: Samson killed 1 of these with his bare hands Q: A lion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bicycle Parts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Steal the body of a bike, but make it look like someone else did it Q: Frame $200 A: With this type of brake, you won't leave rings Q: Coaster $300 A: You can get a good grip on the mustache, but don't do it in public Q: Handlebar $400 A: Just the extremity to get the bike going Q: Pedal $500 A: Said something about the wheel Q: Spoke ~~~~~~~ Biology ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The branch of biology that deals with the animal kingdom Q: Zoology $200 A: Wurlitzer's pride, or what tissues grouped together form Q: Organ $300 A: The FDA says Americans often ingest 25-35 times more than they need of this ingredient of salt Q: Sodium $400 A: In the 1600's amateur Dutch scientist Anton Van Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria by using one of these Q: Microscope $500 A: Russian physiologist whose work with dogs contributed to psychology Q: Ivan Pavlov ~~~~~~~ Biology ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This frequent victim of Biology class dissections is of genus Rana Q: Frog $200 A: L.B.J.'s hound dog or Darwin's ship Q: Beagle $300 A: The basic unit of life; 3 billion die every minute in your body Q: Cell $400 A: It puts the green in greenery Q: Chlorophyll $500 A: Double helix Q: DNA ~~~~~ Birds ~~~~~ $100 A: Members of this "talking" bird family were familiar pets to Romans Q: Parrots $200 A: This "talking" bird is a species of starling Q: Myna Bird $300 A: Though eagles are much smaller than humans, these sense organs are the same size Q: Eyes $400 A: Some waterfowl, mistaking shotgun pellets for seeds or grits, have been stricken with this Q: Lead Poisoning $500 A: The yellow-bellied sapsucker & the common flicker are members of this bird family Q: Woodpecker ~~~~~ Birds ~~~~~ $100 A: Today Alcatraz hosts the world's 6th largest colony of these sea birds Q: Gulls $200 A: Of a covey, the cover or covet, the one that's a group of partridges Q: Covey $300 A: This process of cleaning & smoothing feathers with their bills is to birds what primping is to people Q: Preening $400 A: New species of this nocturnal predator are still being discovered at the rate of 1 every decade Q: Owls $500 A: Stubborn Albatrosses that had to be removed from airstrips at Midway Island were nicknamed this Q: Gooney Birds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Birds of Prey ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's also known as the chaparral cock-- beep, beep! Q: Roadrunner $200 A: Of a kuvasz, a kudu or a kookaburra, the one that's a bird of prey Q: Kookaburra $300 A: When being trained for this sport, birds of prey are "broken to the hood" Q: Falconry $400 A: The vast majority of bald eagles in the U.S. live in this state Q: Alaska $500 A: Because of its feeding habits, this brown & white bird is commonly called the fish hawk Q: Osprey ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Black America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ralph Abernathy became head of the Southern Christian Leadership conference upon this man's death Q: Martin Luther King Jr. $200 A: Of 6, 9, or 12, the number of children Joseph & Katherine Jackson have had, including Michael Q: 9 $300 A: Last name common to the mayors of Atlanta & Detroit Q: Young $400 A: After fighting in the civil war, she set up a home for needy blacks in Auburn, New York Q: Harriet Tubman $500 A: Benjamin Banneker assisted L'Enfant in planning this city Q: Washington D.C. ~~~~~ Blood ~~~~~ $100 A: A strikebreaker, or a blood clot on the surface of one's skin Q: Scab $200 A: The 4 blood types are A, B, AB and this Q: O $300 A: When blood leaves the heart, it's pumped to this organ where it picks up oxygen Q: Lungs $400 A: A person studies at least 4 years before becoming this "dr. of blood" Q: Hematologist $500 A: Septicemia & sapremia are 2 types of it Q: Blood Poisoning ~~~~~~~~~~ Blue Songs ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Where Fats Domino found his thrill Q: Blueberry Hill $200 A: Song in which "Jimmy Crack Corn & I Don't Care" Q: Blue Tail Fly $300 A: The Marcels hit #1 in 1961 with a remake of this Rodgers & Hart song Q: Blue Moon $400 A: Thanks to Irving Berlin Al Jolson found them smiling at him Q: Blue Skies $500 A: "Blue on Blue" & "Blue Velvet" were 2 of this star's early hits Q: Bobby Vinton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bodies of Water ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Originally at Lewiston, New York, this falls has moved 7 miles upstream Q: Niagara Falls $200 A: While thatcher looks over parliament, parliament looks over this Q: Thames $300 A: Hoover Dam gives us this Nevada Lake Q: Lake Mead $400 A: The only one of the 5 great lakes entirely in the U.S. Q: Lake Michigan $500 A: You can bet on the banks of this lake between California & Nevada Q: Lake Tahoe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bodies of Water ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Susquehanna, Rappahannock & Potomac all flow into this bay Q: Chesapeake Bay $200 A: The only great lake lying completely in the U.S. Q: Lake Michigan $300 A: The Gaza strip lies along this body of water Q: Mediterranean Sea $400 A: The Chagres River supplies the water for the locks of this canal Q: Panama Canal $500 A: The 2 straits separating Asia from European turkey are the Bosporus and this Q: Dardanelles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Bodies of Water ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Linda Ronstadt sang about a blue one Q: Bayou $200 A: Named for the Greek nymph Io, this sea is the deepest part of the Mediterranean Q: Ionian Sea $300 A: Rudolph, Albert & Victoria are 3 of the great lakes on this continent Q: Africa $400 A: The Coral Sea is in this ocean Q: Pacific $500 A: The Gulf of Bothnia lies between Finland & this other Scandinavian country Q: Sweden ~~~~~ Books ~~~~~ $100 A: His books "Shogun," "Whirlwind," "Tai-Pan," & "Noble House" have all inspired board games Q: James Clavell $200 A: This 1895 novel, subtitles "An Episode of the American Civil War" was written by a 22-year-old Q: The Red Badge of Courage $300 A: Elliott Roosevelt writes mystery novels which feature this historical figure as a detective Q: Eleanor Roosevelt $400 A: Richard Adams' novel "Traveller" is a tale of the Civil War as seen thru the eyes of this man's horse Q: Robert E. Lee $500 A: A nightmare gave Mary Shelley the idea for this novel Q: Frankenstein ~~~~~ Books ~~~~~ $100 A: "Lone Star Baby" is a guide for expectant parents who live in or near this state capital Q: Austin $200 A: "One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich" was set in a prison camp during this man's regime Q: Joseph Stalin $300 A: "The bird era" isn't about "Sesame Street," it's a history of this basketball team from 1978-88 Q: Boston Celtics $400 A: The tragic death of his daughter Dominique influenced his writing "People Like Us" Q: Dominick Dunne $500 A: One biography of this woman is entitled "The Lonely Hunter" Q: Carson McCullers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Books & Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This biblical king was the subject of a Joseph Heller novel & a Richard Gere film Q: David $200 A: Having "phoned home," his adventure continued in "The Book of the Green Planet" Q: E.T. $300 A: In 1983, Peters & Waterman went "in search of" this American businesses Q: Excellence $400 A: "So Long, & Thanks for All the Fish" was the 4th book in his hitchhiker trilogy Q: Douglas Adams $500 A: By its 3rd week out in '84, this work of then 84-year-old Helen Hoover Santmyer was Q: And Ladies of the Club ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Books & Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Master of the page-turner who wrote "Master of the Game" & "Race of Angels" Q: Sidney Sheldon $200 A: With "parachutes & kisses" she overcame her "fear of flying" Q: Erica Jong $300 A: His wife said of his "Ulysses," "he's a genius, but what a dirty mind" Q: James Joyce $400 A: Readers checked into his "hotel New Hampshire" Q: John Irving $500 A: Wilkie Collins novel that's a real gem Q: The Moonstone ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Books & Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He took "a peep at Polynesian life" before he took a stab at "Moby Dick" Q: Herman Melville $200 A: He wrote biographies of Columbus & Washington as well as Rip Van Winkle Q: Washington Irving $300 A: Tutored by Ralph Waldo Emerson & Henry David Thoreau, her works include "Jo's Boys" Q: Louisa May Alcott $400 A: In 1855, in his spare time as a bookshop owner, he compiled his "Famous Quotations" Q: John Bartlett $500 A: Alex Haley co-authored the 1965 autobiography of this black Muslim Q: Malcolm X ~~~~~~ Botany ~~~~~~ $100 A: Copra is the dried flesh of this "nut" Q: Coconut $200 A: Longfellow's "spreading" tree, now battling extinction by blight Q: Chestnut $300 A: Favorite food of pandas, it's the world's largest grass Q: Bamboo $400 A: There are over 2,600 known species of this tree, which gives its name to springs & a beach Q: Palm $500 A: The largest specimen of this tree has 350 large trunks & over 3,000 small ones Q: Banyan ~~~~~~ Botany ~~~~~~ $100 A: The flower named for botanist Anders Dahl Q: Dahlia $200 A: Slave turned botanist who created new products from peanuts Q: George Washington Carver $300 A: A "sound of music" song asks this white alpine flower to "bless my homeland forever" Q: Edelweiss $400 A: Japanese dwarf trees whose name sounds like a WWII battle cry Q: Bonsai $500 A: Luther Burbank developed a spineless one so it could become a useful food source Q: Cactus ~~~~~~ Boxing ~~~~~~ $100 A: Right-handed & some left-handed boxers keep this foot forward in the basic stance Q: Left $200 A: After knocking an opponent down, a boxer must go to this for the count Q: Neutral Corner $300 A: John L. Sullivan won the last heavyweight championship fought this way, in 1899 Q: Bare-Knuckle $400 A: In 1908, he became the 1st black boxer to win the heavyweight crown Q: Jack Johnson $500 A: In the WBA, the junior flyweight & this division do not have a minimum weight requirement Q: Heavyweight ~~~~~~~ Bridges ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 4 basic types of bridge structure are rigid beam, cantilever, arch, & this Q: Suspension $200 A: The Ben Franklin, not the George Washington, crosses this river Q: Delaware $300 A: The Gil Hodges memorial bridge connects the Rockaways to this NYC borough Q: Brooklyn $400 A: The world's longest continuous truss bridge at Astoria, Oregon spans this river Q: Columbia $500 A: The longest bridges in the world are 2 parallel causeways over Lake Pontchartrain in this state Q: Louisiana ~~~~~~~ Bridges ~~~~~~~ $100 A: To share in the toll income from the Bosporus bridge, you can buy bonds issued by this country Q: Turkey $200 A: Playwright who, in 1955, described "a view from the bridge" Q: Arthur Miller $300 A: 3 bridges link this NYC borough with New Jersey while only 1 connects it with the rest of the city Q: Staten Island $400 A: After a revolution, this country's Salazar bridge was renamed Ponte 25 De Abril Q: Portugal $500 A: The 3 longest bridges of this unusual type in the U.S. are all in the state of Washington Q: Floating Bridges ~~~~~~~ Bridges ~~~~~~~ $100 A: It connects the 3 boroughs of Manhattan, Queens & the Bronx Q: Triborough Bridge $200 A: Bridge mentioned in the song "Ode to Billie Joe" Q: Tallahatchee Bridge $300 A: Peruvian bridge which collapsed Friday July 20, 1714 in the Thorton Wilder novel of the same name Q: Bridge of San Luis Rey $400 A: Named not for lovers but for sorrowful prisoners crossing it to a venetian prison Q: Bridge of Sighs $500 A: From Latin for "way," it's a bridge that crosses mainly over land instead of water Q: Viaduct ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ British History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Queen Victoria affectionately called this powerful advisor "dizzy" Q: Benjamin Disraeli $200 A: The "great charter" of English liberties Q: Magna Carta $300 A: Armored garb of 12th century knights Q: Mail $400 A: Explorer who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth aboard his ship, "The Golden Hind" Q: Sir Francis Drake $500 A: Wellington said, "the Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of" this school Q: Eton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ British History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By 1750, about 10% of England's population lived in this city Q: London $200 A: From French for "a discussion," it evolved from a medieval assembly of barons & prelates Q: Parliament $300 A: He was in England for only 6 months of his 10-year reign, which began in 1189 Q: King Richard I $400 A: Term used to describe the era when the monarchy was re-established in 1660 Q: Restoration $500 A: In 1936, this king uttered his last words, "how is the empire?" Q: George V ~~~~~~~~ Broadway ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 4-letter play about 9-lived creatures Q: Cats $200 A: This show, where "the underworld can meet the elite," ran for over 3400 performances Q: 42nd Street $300 A: Nickname of the American theatre wing's Antoinette Perry award Q: Tony $400 A: 2-time academy award winner who reprised "Little Foxes" in 1980 Q: Elizabeth Taylor $500 A: 4 years after the film version came out in 1985 this musical was still running on Broadway Q: A Chorus Line ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Broadway Lyrics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Camelot," this is "how to handle a woman" Q: Merely Simply Love Her $200 A: "Something familiar, something peculiar, something for everyone" is this "tonight" Q: Comedy $300 A: From "Guys & Dolls" it's the title line that precedes "...hug around the neck & a barrel & a heap" Q: I Love You A Bushel & A Peck $400 A: "Whenever I feel afraid I hold my head erect" & do this "so no one will suspect I'm afraid" Q: Whistle A Happy Tune $500 A: Song from "gypsy" which opens, "things look swell, things look great" Q: Everything's Coming Up Roses ~~~~~~~~ Business ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The color of ink used for negative entries in an account ledger Q: Red $200 A: Goods go "under the hammer" at this kind of event Q: Auction $300 A: Check-cashing term meaning "to sign on the back" Q: Endorse $400 A: Hiring more workers than a job needs or furnishing grandma's sleeping quarters Q: Featherbedding $500 A: Word said to be derived from the practice of trimming coins with a bezel Q: Embezzle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Business & Industry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The great Atlantic & Pacific tea company's grocery stores are known by this name Q: A & P $200 A: This company operates a museum of soup tureens in Camden, New Jersey Q: Campbell's $300 A: Though it changed its name from standard oil of New Jersey, it's still headquartered there Q: Exxon $400 A: This city's Con Edison has the highest residential electric rates in the US Q: New York $500 A: America's 4th largest foundation derives from the will of this bandage maker Q: Robert Wood Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Business & Industry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This company was the 1st to use armored cars commercially Q: Brinks $200 A: Millionaire hotel magnate whose autobiography was titled "Be My Guest" Q: Conrad Hilton $300 A: Waterford crystal is from the town of Waterford in this country Q: Ireland $400 A: In 1984, standard oil of California changed its name to this Q: Chevron $500 A: America must import 96% of its bauxite, from which this metal is derived Q: Aluminum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By the Numbers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st asked in this game is usually "Animal vegetable or mineral?" Q: 20 Questions $200 A: In blackjack, this card can be worth 1 or 11 Q: Ace $300 A: Police precinct Barney Miller "Dozen" work at any more Q: 12th $400 A: A race run by couples tied together at the ankle Q: 3-Legged Race $500 A: Musical about the continental congress, it included the song "Sit down, John" Q: 1776 ~~~~~~~~~~ Card Games ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Regal" term for 10 through ace of the same suit in poker Q: Royal Flush $200 A: This favorite children's game could be called "hit the knave" Q: Slapjack $300 A: In the "black lady" version of hearts, this card means 13 points against you Q: Queen of Spades $400 A: In gin rummy, the maximum point count a player can have his hand to "knock" Q: 10 $500 A: Official form of bridge played in tournaments Q: Duplicate ~~~~~ Cards ~~~~~ $100 A: This VP, who resigned in 1973, was the Jack of Spades in a deck called "politicards" Q: Spiro T. Agnew $200 A: With no wild cards in use, the best hand you can get in poker Q: Royal Flush $300 A: Value of face cards when scoring gim rummy Q: 10 $400 A: You don't want 12 of these in the game of hearts Q: Hearts $500 A: Bridge developed from this game Q: Whist ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cars In Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to the Beach Boys, "she'll have fun, fun, fun 'til her daddy takes" this car away Q: T-Bird $200 A: In the 50's Dinah Shore always closed her show by singing "See the U.S.A." in this Q: Chevrolet $300 A: The rip chords' "hey little cobra" was manufactured by this car company Q: Ford $400 A: Pontiac model Ronnie & the Daytonas could have driven at Daytona Q: G.T.O. $500 A: Johnny Cash got this car 1 piece at a time & it didn't cost him a dime Q: Cadillac ~~~~~~~~ Cartoons ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The appropriately named Pepe Le Pew is this kind of animal Q: Skunk $200 A: This super hero was originally called "Super Mouse" Q: Mighty Mouse $300 A: Name of George of the Jungle's pet ape Q: Ape $400 A: Paramount's Popeye had this many "nephews" who all resembled him, but whose origin was never told Q: Four $500 A: Helen Kane sued max Fleischer, claiming this character's name and voice were copied from her Q: Betty Boop ~~~~~~~~ Cartoons ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 68-year-old cartoon cat who didn't get his bag of tricks until his 50's TV show Q: Felix $200 A: Cartoon character who attended Minnesota's Wossamotta U. Q: Bullwinkle $300 A: He would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today Q: Wimpy $400 A: Hanna-Barbera twosome that won 7 Oscars despite all their fights Q: Tom & Jerry $500 A: His secret identity is Henry Cabot Henhouse III Q: Super Chicken ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Celebrity Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Radio & TV interviewer who called his book of show biz anecdotes "tell it to the king" Q: Larry King $200 A: In "Say Hey," this athlete said his father taught him to walk using a moving basketball as bait Q: Willie Mays $300 A: Mary Pickford's Stepson, he wrote about his days as a spy in South America in "the salad days" Q: Douglas Fairbanks Jr $400 A: "Mongoose R.I.P." is the 8th of his thrillers featuring CIA agent Blackford Oakes" Q: William F. Buckley Jr $500 A: "Elizabeth takes off" is her story of the ups & down in her weight & life Q: Elizabeth Taylor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Celebrity Sayings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: She accepted her Oscar for best actress shouting, "you like me! You like me!" Q: Sally Field $200 A: 1930's sex symbol who said, "it's not the men in my life that count, it's the life in my men" Q: Mae West $300 A: Romantic idol who said, "this king stuff is pure bull...I'm just lucky slob from Ohio" Q: Clark Gable $400 A: This short thespian complained, "I was a 14-year-old boy for 30 years" Q: Mickey Rooney $500 A: "Golf is a good walk spoiled," said this author of "Huckleberry Fin" Q: Mark Twain ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Characters in Plays ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Oscar Madison & Felix Unger Q: The Odd Couple $200 A: Roxane & Christian Q: Cyrano De Bergerac $300 A: Alonzo, Rumpleteazer & Bustopher Jones Q: Cats $400 A: Brick & Maggie Pollitt Q: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof $500 A: Lady Bracknell & Algernon Moncrieff Q: Importance of Being Earnest ~~~~~~~~~ Chemistry ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A beaker or flask with numbers and lines on it, used for measuring Q: Graduate $200 A: Found in Rhubarb, oxalic acid removes calcium from the body & this common oxide from iron Q: Rust $300 A: The atomic weight of an atom is the sum of the number of these 2 parts of the nucleus Q: Protons & Neutrons $400 A: You can clean silverware by boiling it in an aluminum pan using a solution of this, NaHCO3 Q: Baking Soda $500 A: A centuries-old test for this gas is to see if bubbles of it turn limewater milky Q: Carbon Dioxide ~~~~~ China ~~~~~ $100 A: About half of all Chinese exports pass through this port Q: Shanghai $200 A: Henry P'U YI, the last person to hold this office, obtained it at age 2 & lost it in 1912, when he was 6 Q: Emperor $300 A: Semi-military organizations of young people formed during Mao's cultural revolution Q: Red Guards $400 A: During this war, general Joseph Stilwell became the 1st American ever to command a Chinese army Q: World War II $500 A: In 1280, they became the 1st outsiders to occupy all of China Q: Mongols ~~~~~~~~~ Chocolate ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: American caramel king who became a chocolate Czar Q: Hershey $200 A: All cacao beans are grown in the "Cocoa Belt," 20 degrees north & south of this Q: Equator $300 A: 5 cups of zucchini or 1 bon-bon has 75 of these Q: Calories $400 A: Cadbury was the 1st to use these to stop complaints about candy being squashed Q: Boxes $500 A: Chocolate was a medicine for dysentery to these Mexican Indians Q: Aztecs ~~~~~~ Cities ~~~~~~ $100 A: It was American's fourth largest city when absorbed by New York in 1898 Q: Brooklyn $200 A: Founded by Alexander the Great, this city had the greatest library in the world Q: Alexandria $300 A: Once "The Paris of the Orient," it's now called Ho Chi Minh City Q: Saigon $400 A: The first modern city planner, Pierre L'Enfant, planned this national capital Q: Washington D.C. $500 A: While Dominican dictator Trujillo ruled, he modestly called this capital "Ciudao Trujillo" Q: Santo Domingo ~~~~~~~~~ Civil War ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1864 burning of this city is depicted in "Gone with the Wind" Q: Atlanta $200 A: Side supported by the 5 civilized Indian tribes of Oklahoma Q: South $300 A: Number of slaves owned by Robert E. Lee at war's outbreak Q: None $400 A: Southerners call these Virginia battles first and second Manassas Q: Bull Run $500 A: High water mark of the south was this general's charge at Gettysburg Q: General George Pickett ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classic Cinema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Marx brothers meet the met, so to speak Q: A Night at the Opera $200 A: Cecil B. Demille's famous biblical "Exodus," made silently in 1923 & colorfully in 1956 Q: The Ten Commandments $300 A: He & Claudette Colbert were the 1st co-stars to win best actor & actress Oscars Q: Clark Gable $400 A: In this 1941 flick, Bogey gives Greenstreet the bird -- a fake one Q: The Maltese Falcon $500 A: "High society," with Kelly, Crosby, & Sinatra was based on this film with Hepburn, Grant & Stewart Q: The Philadelphia Story ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classic Cinema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Firm in which Brando "could'a been a contender" Q: On the Waterfront $200 A: "High society" hit named for the sailboat where it was sung Q: True Love $300 A: Sydney Greenstreet was 61 when he appeared in this, his 1st movie Q: The Maltese Falcon $400 A: The only silent movie that received a best picture Oscar Q: Wings $500 A: Barbra Steisand has "memories" of this film, made with co-star Robert Redford Q: The Way We Were ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classic Cinema ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In this epic, an angry scarlett sees "Rhett" Q: Gone with the Wind $200 A: Film supposed to have starred Ronald Reagan & Ann Sheridan instead of Bogey & Bergman Q: Casablanca $300 A: Chaplin finds fascism funny in this film Q: The Great Dictator $400 A: This hitchcock film climaxes on Mt. Rushmore Q: North by Northwest $500 A: Often acclaimed as the best American film ever, it lost the Oscar in 1941 to "How Green was my Valley" Q: Citizen Kane ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classical Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though German-born, this 18th century composer famed for his "Messiah" is buried in Westminster abbey Q: George Frederick Handel $200 A: Robert Schumann was a noted composer of this 19th century period which immediately followed the classical Q: Romantic Period $300 A: In 1929, Arturo Toscanini, not Bo Derek, conducted the U.S. premiere of this ravel work Q: Bolero $400 A: Writing them for female students, this Venetian music teacher composed at least 400 concertos Q: Antonio Vivaldi $500 A: His operas include "Il Trovatore" & "La Traviata" Q: Giuseppi Verdi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Classical Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Schubert's incomplete orchestral sonata Q: Unfinished Symphony $200 A: Musical accessory whose parts are the stick, head, hair, from & screw Q: Bow $300 A: Inspired by paintings, Moussorgsky composed "pictures at..." one of these Q: Exhibition $400 A: Considered the greatest violinist of all time, he could play a whole piece on 1 string Q: Paganini $500 A: Sacred opera Q: Oratorio ~~~~~~~~ Colleges ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A type of shoe or cloth, or where a Rhodes scholarship will get you Q: Oxford $200 A: Home of over 52,000 buckeyes Q: Ohio State University $300 A: Latin for field, or college grounds Q: Campus $400 A: In 1934, Gerald Ford was voted MVP of this school's football team Q: University of Michigan $500 A: Women's college that Shares Harvard's classes, housing & facilities but still is separate Q: Radcliffe ~~~~~~~~ Colleges ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Since 1778, troops have occupied the site of this U.S. service academy Q: West Point $200 A: Scientists at this New England brain trust produced artificial blood vessels from live cells Q: MIT $300 A: It has the smallest acreage but the largest population within the California University system Q: UCLA $400 A: George Bush played baseball & was phi beta kappa while attending this university Q: Yale $500 A: The 1st modern laboratory for studying parapsychology was set up at this University in Durham, NC Q: Duke ~~~~~~~~ Colleges ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Willamette University, oldest in the West, is in this state Q: Oregon $200 A: Freshmen traditionally had to wear this headgear as a symbol of subordination to upperclassmen Q: Beanie $300 A: Indiana town called home of the University of Notre Dame Du Lac Q: South Bend $400 A: Known by its initials, this Cambridge, Mass. school charges even higher tuition than its neighbor, Harvard Q: M. I. T. $500 A: It 1971, he founded Virginia's Lynchburg Baptist College, now Liberty University Q: Jerry Falwell ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colleges & Universities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This college fund was set up because "a mind is a terrible thing to waste" Q: United Negro College Fund $200 A: A N.Y. Ivy League University is named for this quaker who helped develop the U.S. telegraph system Q: Ezra Cornell $300 A: Columbia University is not in South Carolina, but in this city Q: New York $400 A: This first collegiate business school. at the Univ. of Pennsylvania, was founded in 1881 Q: Wharton School $500 A: While the University of Washington is in Seattle, Washington University is in this Midwestern city Q: St Louis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colonial America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though southernmost of the 13 colonies, this practice was originally forbidden in Georgia Q: Slavery $200 A: New Hampshire & these other 2 of the original 13 colonies were founded by colonists from Massachusetts Q: Rhode Island & Connecticut $300 A: After losing New York in 1664, this country briefly recaptured it in 1673 Q: The Netherlands $400 A: New Haven's Eaton code, which banned mince pies, dancing, & wife beating, were laws bound in this color Q: Blue $500 A: For 30 years, William Bradford governed this colony Q: Plymouth Colony ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colonial America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The oldest of the 13 original colonies Q: Virginia $200 A: In 1644, Peter Stuyvesant lost one of these in a battle with the Portuguese Q: Leg $300 A: Alias of pirate Edward Teach, who tied his most famous feature into pigtails, using colored ribbons Q: Blackbeard $400 A: He was born the 15th of 17 children in 1706 Q: Benjamin Franklin $500 A: This was the only message found at the lost colony on Roanoke Island Q: Croatoan ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colorful Category ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 3 colors in common to the flags on the U.S. and Chile are red, white & this Q: Blue $200 A: Pachyderm seen by potted people Q: Pink Elephant $300 A: Figuratively speaking, these are looked through to see the world in a wonderful light Q: Rose Colored Glasses $400 A: Pirate Edward teach's colorful Nom De Plunder Q: Blackbeard $500 A: It can be filled with car prices or college test answers Q: Blue Book ~~~~~~~~~ Comedians ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cliff Arquette's alter ego Q: Charley Weaver $200 A: She;s refused to play Ernestine in commercials touting telephone service Q: Lily Tomlin $300 A: Crew-cut comic who'd warble, "Well, I'll be a dirty bird" Q: George Gobel $400 A: The man with the "button-down mind" who played Major Major in "Catch-22" Q: Bob Newhart $500 A: She was Dummy Jerry Mahoney's girlfriend before she became Garry Moore's girl Friday Q: Carol Burnett ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Comic Strips ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jim Davis named this cat after his grandfather, not the 20th president Q: Garfield $200 A: John Steinbeck wrote the preface of a book about this Al Capp character Q: Li'l Abner $300 A: Standard comment of little orphan Annie's dog, Sandy Q: Arf $400 A: His favorite mode of transport was his dinosaur named Dinny Q: Alley Oop $500 A: During the depression she sold apples on the street, but now she gives only free advice Q: Mary Worth ~~~~~~~~~~~ Comparisons ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: African desert over 3 times larger than the neighboring Mediterranean Sea Q: Sahara $200 A: At 37, Peter Hodgson invented silly putty & Michelangelo finished the ceiling fresco here Q: Sistine Chapel $300 A: If a man could proportionally life as much as this insect, he'd life 8,100 lbs. Q: An Ant $400 A: The smallest created had 4 clues; the largest, 25,614 Q: A Crossword $500 A: Asian nation over 12 times larger than the U.K., its former ruler Q: India ~~~~~~~~~ Composers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1st held in 1876, the Bayreuth festival was planned by this German composer to play his own works Q: Richard Wagner $200 A: Desiring a teacher, Gershwin sought out this composer of "Bolero," who told him he didn't need one Q: Maurice Ravel $300 A: Written in 1723, this German's "Magnificat in D major" is magnificent Q: Johann Sebastian Bach $400 A: Composer of the "Firebird" & "Petrushka" Q: Igor Stravinsky $500 A: He composed "Faust" & in 1869, the Vatican's national anthem Q: Charles Gounod ~~~~~~~~~ Composers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Gustav Mahler consulted this famous Viennese psychiatrist about his marriage problems Q: Sigmund Freud $200 A: Schubert died less than 2 years after carrying a torch at the funeral of this great German composer in 1827 Q: Ludwig Von Beethoven $300 A: Considered unfriendly to Mozart, this Italian composer taught his son after Mozart's death Q: Antonio Salieri $400 A: This baroque composer's name translates to "John S. Brook" Q: Johann Sebastian Bach $500 A: George Washington & this Austrian composer, affectionately called "papa," were both born in 1732 Q: Franz Joseph Haydn ~~~~~~~~ Congress ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Thomas Philip O'Neil's nickname Q: Tip $200 A: When it was established in 1800, it started with a $5,000 book budget Q: Library of Congress $300 A: The length, in years, of a senator's term Q: 6 $400 A: "Treason, bribery & other high crimes & misdemeanors" are all grounds for this Q: Impeachment $500 A: The first was a 9-year-old boy appointed by Webster & Clay Q: Page ~~~~~~~~~~ Conquerors ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Spanish for "conqueror," Cortes was one Q: Conquistador $200 A: This group under Godgrey of Bouillon captured Jerusalem in 1099 Q: Crusaders $300 A: Once known as Thrace, Bulgaria was 1st subdued by this Greek in the 4th cent. B.C. Q: Alexander the Great $400 A: 13th century Mongol ruler of China whose armada was destroyed by a typhoon Q: Kublai Khan $500 A: This British conqueror of India committed suicide in 1774 Q: Robert Clive ~~~~~~~~~~ Continents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This continent averages about 5 persons per square mile Q: Australia $200 A: The number of inhabited continents bordered by both the Atlantic & Pacific oceans Q: 2 $300 A: The Caucasus & these mountains separate Europe from Asia Q: Urals $400 A: Guinness says the driest spot in the world is in this continent's Atacama desert Q: South America $500 A: Its coastline is more irregular than that of any other continent Q: Europe ~~~~~~~~~ Cosmetics ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Due to the short supply of these during WWII, leg make-up was invented to cover the gap Q: Nylon Stockings $200 A: Actress Lillie Langtry kept her skin fresh by rolling naked in this early morning substance Q: Dew $300 A: Women's wigs in 18th century England were matted with this type of animal fat to keep them from coming apart Q: Lard $400 A: This lethal metal was a popular facial whitener during the renaissance Q: Lead $500 A: This make-up maven, known for Aramis & Clinique, started out selling her Viennese uncle's face cream Q: Estee Lauder ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Corporate America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In December 1987, the Baer brothers of Colorado bought this "famous" cookie company Q: Famous Amos $200 A: This type of stock gets priority in receiving dividends but often lacks voting rights Q: Preferred Stock $300 A: In 1988 this popcorn developer received an honorary doctorate in agriculture from Purdue Q: Orville Redenbacher $400 A: This French water company has acquired springs in Oasis, Tx, Calistoga, CA & Poland Spring, Maine Q: Perrier $500 A: This magazine, founded in 1930, excludes financial firms & utilities from its famous list of "500" Q: Fortune ~~~~~~~~~ Countries ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1988, Australia observed this anniversary of its founding Q: 200 $200 A: Country in which you can see the giant carved heads of the ancient Olmecs Q: Mexico $300 A: In this country, you can follow the Copernicus Trail, which covers the places where he lived & worked Q: Poland $400 A: El Salvador & this other Central American country have 2-word names Q: Costa Rica $500 A: Mournful folk songs called Fados are performed in the popular Fado houses of this country Q: Portugal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Crooners ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A top race car driver, he also raced to the top of the charts with "El Paso" in 1959 Q: Marty Robbins $200 A: 1968 hit of 4-times divorced country singer Tammy Wynette Q: "D-I-V-O-R-C-E" $300 A: "Accidental" nickname of Billy Craddock, who's often called "Mr. Country Rock" Q: Crash $400 A: If you ask him how long he plans to be on top of country music, he might say, "forever and ever, amen" Q: Randy Travis $500 A: Singer & songwriter Randy Crowell married "Money" when he wed this successful singer Q: Rosanne Cash ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Grand Ole Opry is located in this amusement park Q: Opryland $200 A: Hawkshaw Hawkins performed in a silk jacket with this animal emblazoned on the back Q: Hawk $300 A: In 1972, she became the 1st woman elected entertainer of the year by the country music association Q: Loretta Lynn $400 A: This California town north of Los Angeles has been dubbed "Little Nashville" Q: Bakersfield $500 A: Kenny Rogers has carried this character from country music to TV movies Q: Gambler ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Singer born Wynette Pugh Q: Tammy Wynette $200 A: She wrote the 1980 hit song, "9 to 5" Q: Dolly Parton $300 A: In the past, country music was usually described by this 9-letter rural adjective Q: Hillbilly $400 A: Jessi Colter, Willie Nelson & Waylon Jennings are associated with this movement Q: Outlaw $500 A: "The Tennessee Plowboy" Q: Eddie Arnold ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born Randall Williams, he now carries on his father's "family tradition" Q: Hank Williams Jr. $200 A: This country-rock star is known as "the killer" Q: Jerry Lee Lewis $300 A: She "was country when country wasn't cool" Q: Barbara Mandrell $400 A: This silver fox's "the most beautiful girl" also topped pop charts Q: Charlie Rich $500 A: According to Johnny Horton, it's this temperature "when it's springtime in Alaska" Q: 40 Below ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: She never bothers removing the price tag from her hat Q: Minnie Pearl $200 A: It's where singer Garth Brooks has friends Q: Low Places $300 A: In 1958, the 1st country music Grammy was awarded to this Kingstone Trio song Q: Tom Dooley $400 A: He grew up to sing "mammas don't let your babies grow up to be cowboys" Q: Willie Nelson $500 A: She met her husband, Carl Dean, at a laundromat on her 1st day in Nashville in 1964 Q: Dolly Parton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born Seth Ward, he's famed for pork sausage & "big John" Q: Jimmy Dean $200 A: Radio program whose original name was "The WSM Barn Dance" Q: Grand Ole Opry $300 A: Part of the film "Urban Cowboy" was set in this singer's Texas nightclub Q: Mickey Gilley $400 A: Type of music that's named after Bill Monroe's band Q: Bluegrass $500 A: He was known as "the Texas troubadour" Q: Ernest Tubb ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A grandma before her 30th birthday, she's the real "coal miner's daughter" Q: Loretta Lynn $200 A: Nashville's Ryman Auditorium was its home for years Q: Grand Ole Opry $300 A: In "True Grit," he played a cowboy, but not his famous rhinestone one Q: Glen Campbell $400 A: His famed San Quentin concert inspired inmate Merle Haggard Q: Johnny Cash $500 A: A Rhodes scholarship paid "for the good times" he had at Oxford Q: Kris Kristofferson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This Larry's brothers are Rudy & Steve Q: Larry Gatlin $200 A: Of We Five, The Seekers or The New Christy Minstreals, the folk group Kenny Rogers sang with in 1966 Q: The New Cristy Minstrels $300 A: Jessi Colter & this man, her husband, are featured on "Wanted: The Outlaws," country's 1st platinum album Q: Waylon Jennings $400 A: Marie Osmond had real success with this 1975 song about artificial flowers Q: Paper Roses $500 A: She co-wrote Johnny Cash's hit "Ring of Fire" & she wears his wedding ring, too Q: June Carter Cash ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cowboys & Indians ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cleavon Little played a black lawman out to tame the west in this Mel Brooks film Q: Blazing Saddles $200 A: Owning TV rights to this film role of his made William Boyd a millionaire Q: Hopalong Cassidy $300 A: The Lone Ranger said, "hi-yo silver," & he said, "get 'em up, scout" Q: Tonto $400 A: Cantankerous jeep of Roy Rogers' sidekick Pat Brady Q: Nellybelle $500 A: Occupation of Gunsmoke's half-indian Quint Asper, played by Burt Reynolds Q: Blacksmith ~~~~~~~~~~~ Dance Fever ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When you "swing your partner" & "do-si-do" Q: Square Dancing $200 A: 60's spud crusher Q: Mashed Potato $300 A: Travolta & Debra "winged" their way around Mickey Gilley's doing this Q: Texas Two-Step $400 A: In 1990, this hot Brazilian dance had pelvises gyrating all over America Q: Lambada $500 A: The original version of this dance hit #1 two different times, in 1960 & 1962 Q: Twist ~~~~~~~ Dancers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: He wore his trademark top hat & tails in his very 1st film, "Dancing Lady," with Joan Crawford Q: Fred Astaire $200 A: This Broadway Hoofer, once a female impersonator, played a broadway hoofer in "Yankee Doodle Dandy" Q: James Cagney $300 A: This 1983 film focused on a steel worker named Alex who wanted to be a ballerina Q: Flashdance $400 A: Donna McKechnie, Carole Bishop & Sammy Williams all won Tony awards for playing dancers in this musical Q: A Chorus Line $500 A: Though born in Bombay, Juliet Prowse grew up in this country Q: South Africa ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Department Stores ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Completes the phrase "does Macy's tell..." Q: Gimbel's $200 A: Department store featured in the films "splash" & "Moscow on the Hudson" Q: Bloomingdale's $300 A: Last name of a Detroit store owner, or the car named for him Q: Hudson $400 A: At the turn of the century, this Chicago merchant was the world's largest dry goods retailer Q: Marshall Field $500 A: While many chains started in New York or Chicago, his began in Kemmerer, Wyoming Q: J.C. Penney ~~~~~~~~ Desserts ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A thick-crusted deep-dish pie, or a shoemaker Q: Cobbler $200 A: Fruit & shredded coconut dessert that's "fit for the gods" Q: Ambrosia $300 A: Mediterranean pastry layered with filo dough, nuts & honey Q: Baklava $400 A: French for perfect, it's customarily served in a tall, thin glass Q: Parfait $500 A: Not insignificant to the English, it's sponge cake filled with jam & soaked with wine Q: Trifle ~~~~~~ Disney ~~~~~~ $100 A: Thumper & Flower offer "comic relief" in this movie about man's disregard for nature Q: Bambi $200 A: This Rudyard Kipling adaptation was the last film Disney worked on before his death in '66 Q: Jungle Book $300 A: The Ugly Duckling was a swan, & "the ugly dachshund" was one of these dogs Q: Great Dane $400 A: Unlike Carlo Collodi, Disney did not kill this character at the start of "Pinocchio" Q: Jiminy Cricket $500 A: The only one of the seven dwarfs whose name is not an adjective Q: Doc ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Dogs In Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sherlock Holmes solved the mystery of the devilish hound of this family Q: Baskervilles $200 A: He knocked over the screen concealing the Wizard of Oz Q: Toto $300 A: In this book, Nich Charles' Asta is a Schnauzer, but in films it was a wire-haired terrier Q: The Thin Man $400 A: Garryowen is the "Bloody mangy mongreal" in the "Cyclops" episode of this James Joyce novel Q: Ulysses $500 A: Breed of John Steinbeck's "Charley" in "Travels with Charley" Q: Poodle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Double Double Letters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Rhyming with "voodoo," it means both voodoo & bad luck Q: Hoodoo $200 A: One who vends volumes Q: Bookseller $300 A: Adjective for folks totally lacking the 32 enamel-coated structures used in mastication Q: Toothless $400 A: A foolishly optimistic person, like the title heroine of an Eleanor Porter 1941 best seller Q: Pollyanna $500 A: Brawl or uproar named for the Irish town whose fairs became famous for their free-for-alls Q: Donnybrook ~~~~~~~~~~~ Double Talk ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These 2 words precede "sweet Charlotte" in a 1965 film title Q: Hush Hush $200 A: Nickname of Skater Starbuck who was married to a quarterback Q: Jojo $300 A: Fleischer's cartoon clown who grew "out of the inkwell;" his name sounds like a chocolate drink Q: Koko $400 A: Born Marie Lawrie, she appeared in & sang the title song of "to sir with love" Q: Lulu $500 A: Double order at a deli, or a Tom Conti film about a Celtic poet Q: Reuben Reuben ~~~~~ Drama ~~~~~ $100 A: Medieval mystery plays often dealt with events taken from this book Q: Bible $200 A: This musical form debuted in the 16th century & some say the 1st production was called "Dafne" Q: Opera $300 A: Author of "Cyrano De Bergerac," Edmond Rostand wrote at least 3 plays for this French actress Q: Sarah Bernhardt $400 A: Act II of this shaw play opens at a salvation army shelter Q: Major Barbara $500 A: August Strindberg, noted for "The Ghost Sonata," has been called this country's greatest dramatist Q: Sweden ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Early Americans ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He felt his greatest work was his revision of the Bible, not his speller or dictionary Q: Noah Webster $200 A: Widow of Daniel Custis, she burned all but 2 letters from her famous 2nd husband Q: Martha Washington $300 A: He served as president of the continental congress & as the 1st chief justice of the United States Q: John Jay $400 A: He graduated from Yale at 18, became a captain at 20, & was hanged at age 21, in 1776 Q: Nathan Hale $500 A: The original Gerrymandered district was named for Elbridge Gerry when he was gov. of this state Q: Massachusetts ~~~~~~~~~ Education ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Traditional color of the one-room schoolhouse Q: Red $200 A: First American home of higher education, it educated JFK Q: Harvard $300 A: The Brown vs. Board of Education ruling outlawed this in the schools Q: Segregation $400 A: After teaching grade school, he graduated to become "Il Duce" Q: Benito Mussolini $500 A: A progressive preschool program was named for this Italian woman Q: Maria Montessori ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Working" party that 1st came to power in 1924 Q: Labour $200 A: Heavy winds sank more of this famed Spanish fleet than the English did Q: Armada $300 A: In 1963, Britain was rejected for membership in this European group Q: Common Market $400 A: In 1881, this punishment took a beating & was abolished by the British Navy Q: Flogging $500 A: Last monarch of the House of Tudor Q: Elizabeth I ~~~~~~~~~~~ English Lit ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This author of "The Jungle Book" lived in Vermont for 4 years Q: Rudyard Kipling $200 A: Aldous Huxley's 1932 version or "1984" Q: Brave New World $300 A: James Hilton's schoolmaster father was the model for this novel's title character Q: Goodbye Mr Chips $400 A: The hero's clubfoot in "Of Human Bondage" represented this author's stammer Q: Somerset Maugham $500 A: Ironically, Catherine, wife of this poet, painter & printer was illiterate Q: William Blake ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fleet-footed Jack Dawkins earned this nickname in "Oliver Twist" Q: Artful Dodger $200 A: Capt. Smollett skippered the "Hispaniola" in this Robert Louis Stevenson novel Q: Treasure Island $300 A: Potter's Peter Rabbit appeared the same year as this Conan Doyle animal of the Baskervilles Q: Hound $400 A: Epic poem that's considered the 1st great work of English literature Q: Beowulf $500 A: According to Alexander Pope, this is "the proper study of mankind" Q: Man ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1813, Sir Walter Scott turned down this post, recommending Robert Southey Q: Poet Laureate $200 A: The longest word ever in a London times crossword, 27 letters, was from his "love's labor's lost" Q: William Shakespeare $300 A: These Kenneth Grahame tales were originally told to his son to keep him from crying Q: The Wind in the Willows $400 A: Along with "Samson agonistes," Milton published this famous sequel to another work Q: Paradise Regained $500 A: London-born playwright of Portuguese descent whose family name was anglicized from Da Pinta Q: Harold Pinter ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A.E. Housman "heard a wise man say, give crowns & pounds & guineas, but not" this away Q: Your Heart $200 A: Poet who relived his boyhood in "a child's Christmas in Wales" Q: Dylan Thomas $300 A: William Golding novel in which English schoolboys stranded on an island turn savage Q: Lord of the Flies $400 A: Family name of Laurence Sterne's characters Walter, Toby & Tristram Q: Shandy $500 A: Author who wrote of his detective character, "the face of Father Brown could shine with ignorance..." Q: G.K. Chesterton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ English Poetry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Alexander Pope wrote it "Springs Eternal" in the human breast Q: Hope $200 A: Dryden wrote, "None but the brave" deserves this Q: Fair $300 A: Milton said this of those "Who only stand and wait" Q: They also serve $400 A: Coleridge character who cries, "Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink" Q: Ancient Mariner $500 A: Robert Browning said, do this "Along with me, the best is yet to be" Q: Grow Old ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ European History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter the Hermit's preaching aroused public support for the 1st of these expeditions in 1096 Q: Crusades $200 A: King John accepted it June 15, 1215 Q: Magna Carta $300 A: In the 16th & 17th centuries, this royal family ruled Spain as well as Austria Q: Hapsburgs $400 A: 2 years after becoming Kaiser in 1888, Germany's Wilhelm II dismissed this famous chancellor Q: Otto Von Bismarck $500 A: Forces from this Duchy conquered southern Italy as well as England in the 11th century Q: Normandy ~~~~~~~~~ Explorers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He went from Palestine to Kublai Khan's palace by camel Q: Marco Polo $200 A: De Soto, "discoverer" of this major U.S. river, was buried by it Q: Mississippi $300 A: Eric the Red called his discovery this to attract settlers Q: Greenland $400 A: Danish captain hired by Russia who made a "Strait" line to Alaska Q: Vitus Bering $500 A: English explorer & translator of the "Kama Sutra," he shared his name with a late welsh actor Q: Richard Burton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Facts & Figures ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fresh water's freezing point, it's the Fahrenheit temperature of water near the bottom of the ocean Q: 32 Degrees $200 A: Some experts believe about half of the 711 works attributed to this Dutch artist were done by others Q: Rembradnt Van Rijn $300 A: Country that is the world's number one producer of copper Q: Chile $400 A: Normally, this many holes are played in a pro golf tournament like the U.S. open Q: 72 $500 A: In sales, it's the world's biggest rubber company Q: Goodyear ~~~~~~~ Fairies ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter Pan's ding-a-ling pal Q: Tinkerbell $200 A: A bicuspid sprite Q: Tooth Fairy $300 A: These could be found in England or in Betty Crocker's kitchen Q: Brownies $400 A: Shakespeare's "tempest" spirit Q: Ariel $500 A: In Scotland, they wail & wash the clothes of people who'll die soon Q: Banshees ~~~~~~~~~~~ Fairy Tales ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Hansel & Gretel," Gretel ended up shoving her into an oven Q: The Witch $200 A: This little man said, "today I bake, tomorrow brew; next day I'll have the queen's child, too" Q: Rumpelstiltskin $300 A: This breakfast food rolled its way to safety until it agreed to sit on a pig's snout Q: Pancake $400 A: Nationality of Aladdin, the boy with the magic lamp Q: Chinese $500 A: The little match girl was carried to heaven by this relative Q: Her Grandmother ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Familiar Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To make a cake without a mix, you "start from..." this Q: Scratch $200 A: This saying springs from the ancient belief that felines & canines symbolized rain & wind Q: Raining Cats & Dogs $300 A: To show public support during a candidate's parade, folks jumped on this as the music passed by Q: Bandwagon $400 A: When life deals you blows, you've go to "roll with" these Q: Punches $500 A: If you're surprised, you might consider yourself this relative of a monkey Q: Uncle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Familiar Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This actor's good luck phrase might come from the fact that Sarah Bernhardt had only one "gam" Q: Break a Leg $200 A: "Getting up on the wrong side" reflects the belief that all good forces were on this side of the body Q: Right $300 A: Completes the Maxim "speech is silver..." Q: Silence is Golden $400 A: Undecided, or where you send a rocket Q: Up in the Air $500 A: Referring to someone who has a brief moment of glory, it comes from the misfire of a musket Q: Flash in the Pan ~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Cows ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Her cow was said to have started the great Chicago fire Q: Mrs O'Leary $200 A: Wife of Elmer, she's the Borden Cow Q: Elsie $300 A: The emotional state of the carnation company's cows Q: Contented $400 A: Breeds were named for Guernsey & for this other channel island where they were developed Q: Jersey $500 A: Cow seen in Mickey Mouse cartoons who shares her name with a male Howdy Doody character Q: Clarabelle ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This New Zealander who conquered Mt. Everest also explored the South Pole Q: Sir Edmund Hillary $200 A: Australian & American media magnate who's been compared to citizen Kane Q: Rupert Murdoch $300 A: In 1949, at age 73, he became the 1st chancellor of West Germany Q: Conrad Adenaver $400 A: Abriel's husband, who wrote "the health of nations is more important that the wealth of nations" Q: Will Durant $500 A: He was blinded in 1 eye as a result of a 1904 boxing match with a White House aide, but kept it secret Q: Theodore Roosevelt ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though people think she was John Rolfe's 1st wife, she was really his 2nd Q: Pocahontas $200 A: In 1917, the British royal family's name was changed to this by King George V Q: Windsor $300 A: He became Indonesia's 1st president in 1945 Q: Sukarno $400 A: First names of the married couple executed for espionage in 1953 Q: Julius & Ethel $500 A: Daughter of confederate captain, this founder of the Girl Scouts was deaf from age 26 Q: Juliette Low ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Paintings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Appropriately, Da Vinci painted this masterpiece on the wall of a dining hall in Milan Q: Last Supper $200 A: Look closely at Velazquez's "The Maids of Honor" to see the king & queen of this country in a mirror Q: Spain $300 A: In 1899 he painted a self-portrait showing himself with a pipe & bandaged ear Q: Vincent Van Gogh $400 A: In many of Degas' paintings, these are wearing long black ribbons around their necks Q: Ballerinas $500 A: Rembrandt painted this man "contemplating the bust of Homer" Q: Aristotle ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Date Roosevelt called "a day that will live in infamy" Q: December 7, 1941 $200 A: French conqueror who supposedly said, "an army marches on its stomach" Q: Napoleon Bonaparte $300 A: Among this Hollywood rag's headline gags was "hix nix stix pix" Q: Variety $400 A: "A house is a machine for living," said this famous French architect who died in 1965 Q: Le Corbusier $500 A: Style of comedy George Kaufman believed "closes on Saturday night" Q: Satire ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Don't one of you fire until you see the whites of their eyes" was really said at this 1775 battle Q: Bunker Hill $200 A: Lincoln stated this general "is a copious worker & fighter but a very meager writer or telegrapher" Q: Ulysses S. Grant $300 A: 16th century author John Lyly wrote this "hath a thousand eyes" in "maides metamorphosis" Q: Night $400 A: To defend Britain, he vowed, "we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds" Q: Winston Churchil $500 A: Civil war general who said, "war is cruelty & you cannot refine it" Q: William Tecumseh Sherman ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Reader's Digest, it's the best medicine Q: Laughter $200 A: Alexander Pope said, "it springs eternal in the human breast" Q: Hope $300 A: Stuffy British monarch who said, when she saw herself imitated, "we are not amused" Q: Queen Victoria $400 A: It "trees," he claimed that "poems are made by fools like me" Q: Joyce Kilmer $500 A: "This is the 4th?" asked this Virginia patriot just before dying on July 4, 1826 Q: Thomas Jefferson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Joseph Heller wrote, "there was only one catch and that was" this Q: Catch 22 $200 A: Of the R.A.F. he said, "never was so much owed by so many to so few" Q: Winston Churchill $300 A: "I am escaped with the skin of my teeth" said this biblical paragon of patience Q: Job $400 A: Bishop Sheen said these unbelievers have "no invisible means of support" Q: Atheists $500 A: Greek philosopher who said, "get a good wife, you'll be happy; get a bad one, you'll be a philosopher" Q: Socrates ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Shepherds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Her sheep will come home, wagging their tails behind them Q: Little Bo Peep $200 A: Breed of Strongheart, 1st movie dog of star status Q: German Shepherd $300 A: Location of Little Boy Blue's sheep Q: In the Meadow $400 A: 1st name of the 1st shepherd in space Q: Alan $500 A: Famous sheepherders of Norther Spain, their language is related to no other Q: Basques ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Women ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1922, she wrote "etiquette in society, in business, in politics & at home" Q: Emily Post $200 A: An alternate delegate to the U.N. in 1958, she was the 1st black opera singer at the met Q: Marian Anderson $300 A: Her book "Science & Health" was in its 382nd edition at her death in 1910 Q: Mary Baker Eddy $400 A: C.E.O. of Playboy Enterprises, she's no dumb bunny Q: Christie Hefner $500 A: She began her beauty empire behind a red door on 5th avenue Q: Elizabeth Arden ~~~~~~~ Fashion ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This New York-based national department store abbreviates its name as SFA Q: Saks Fifth Avenue $200 A: Term for someone who makes men's chapeaux--whether he's mad or not Q: Hatter $300 A: The Marciano brothers founded the company that makes this "questionable" fashion label Q: Guess $400 A: Of 5, 7 or 9, the number that precedes the name "West" on the popular shoe brand Q: 9 $500 A: In 1988, the fashion industry lost billions on this style shunned by professional women Q: Mini Skirt ~~~~~~~ Fashion ~~~~~~~ $100 A: 70's skirt between the mini & the maxi Q: Midi $200 A: Belted rainwear that's a favorite of fictional sleuths & spies Q: Trench Coat $300 A: One-piece zippered outfit named for a paratrooper's uniform Q: Jumpsuit $400 A: Men's 40's outfit which featured exaggerated shoulders wide lapels & baggy trousers Q: Zoot Suit $500 A: French for "fine sewing," it refers to high fashion Q: Haute Couture ~~~~~~~ Fashion ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Roman wear that became party wear for the "Greeks" in "animal house" Q: Togas $200 A: Hunter's hat sported by Sherlock Holmes Q: Deerstalker $300 A: They can come in "norfolk," "smoking," or "pea" varieties Q: Jackets $400 A: Term for the tuxedo's pleated sash, originally used to protect trousers from crumbs Q: Cummerbund $500 A: Alice Marble astonished the Wimbledon crowd by appearing in them in the 30s Q: Shorts ~~~~~~~ Fathers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This actor, the father of triplets, was just a "boy" on "The Waltons" Q: Richard Thomas $200 A: He was a "mother of invention" but father to Moon Unit & Dweezil Q: Frank Zappa $300 A: He shows up for New Year's with an hourglass & a scythe Q: Father Time $400 A: Percy Kilbride played him in a series of rural comedies Q: Pa Kettle $500 A: He was father to Queen Elizabeth the First Q: Henry VIII ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Female Stars ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Lena Horne got her start in the chorus of this Harlem club in 1933 Q: Cotton Club $200 A: A philosophy major at UCLA, she became an overnight star after "Ode to Billy Joe" was released Q: Bobbie Gentry $300 A: This oft-married actress at age 13 wrote & illustrated an account of her pet chimpmunk, "Nibbles" Q: Elizabeth Taylor $400 A: In 1943, at age 9, this singer had her own BBC show, "Pet's Parlour" Q: Petula Clark $500 A: 1st U.S. film actress honored on any country's postage stamp, but not for her acting talents Q: Grace Kelly ~~~~~~~ Fiction ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Gulliver's little friends Q: Lilliputians $200 A: "Alice in Wonderland" animal featured in title of Jefferson airplane's acid rock classic Q: White Rabbit $300 A: He wrote the book in which David Balfour was "kidnapped" Q: Robert Louis Stevenson $400 A: Erica Jong novel that deals with Isadora Wing's fear Q: Fear of Flying $500 A: They were "in search of an author" in Pirandello's play Q: Six Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Animals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He 1st got official billing in 1940 as "Elmer's pet rabbit" & got an Oscar 19 years later Q: Bugs Bunny $200 A: This moonse, a native of Frostbite Falls, Minn. served in the Navy as both a radar antenna & a hatrack Q: Bullwinkle $300 A: To make a minotaur, you need 1/2 of each of these 2 creatures Q: Man & Bull $400 A: Major, the prize boar, said man was an enemy & urged residents here to rebel Q: Animal Farm $500 A: In a Walter Farley book, Alec Ramsay rode this horse in a match race at Belmont Q: The Black Stallion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He & his band of "Merry Men" appear in "Ivanhoe" Q: Robin Hood $200 A: In "Tom Sawyer," the widow Douglas takes him into her home Q: Huckleberry Finn $300 A: Joel Chandler Harris' favorite uncle Q: Uncle Remus $400 A: Appropriately, Nathan Detroit moves his floating Crap game to a sewer in this musical Q: Guys and Dolls $500 A: Queequeg's occupation in "Moby Dick" Q: Harpooner ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hank Morgan, a Connecticut Yankee, became this king's right-hand man Q: Arthur $200 A: This "great" friend of Nick Carroway lived in Long Island's west egg Q: Jay Gatsby $300 A: Mellors, the gamekeeper, was the D.H. Lawrence book's title character Q: Lady Chatterley's Lover $400 A: The beautiful ageless H. Rider Haggard heroine Q: She $500 A: What Philip Nolan was missing Q: Country ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At the start of the 1885 novel, he's living with the widow Douglas & her sister, miss Watson Q: Huckleberry Finn $200 A: George Babbitt works in this field in Zenith, the zip city Q: Real Estate $300 A: Squire Trelawney hired him to be the cook on the Hispaniola Q: Long John Silver $400 A: Author H. Rider Haggard set this English explorer searching for "king Solomon's mines" Q: Allan Quartermain $500 A: Character who relates the detective story "The Sign of Four" Q: Dr John Watson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Detectives ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Hawaiian sleuth of Chinese heritage with 11 children Q: Charlie Chan $200 A: The wife of this Peter Falk character got her own TV series Q: Columbo $300 A: Joe Leaphorn & Jim Chee patrol the Indian lands of the four corners area in his mysteries Q: Tony Hillerman $400 A: His first client was general Sternwood in "The Big Sleep" Q: Philip Marlowe $500 A: Belgian who found "Evil Under the Sun" & "Death on the Nile" Q: Hercule Poirot ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born Lord Greystoke, he became a "swinger" at an early age Q: Tarzan $200 A: To our knowledge, neighbors at 221-A Baker Street never complained about his violin playing Q: Sherlock Holmes $300 A: Sancho Panza's saddle pal Q: Don Quixote $400 A: Foundling found by the worthy squire allworthy in Henry Fielding's novel Q: Tom Jones $500 A: Ay, me mateys, this lad sailed the Hispaniola to "Treasure Island" Q: Jim Hawkins ~~~~~~~~~~ Film First ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Walter Brennan was the 1st to win an Oscar as the "best" one of these Q: Supporting Actor $200 A: His directorial debut, "The Maltese Falcon," was one of several films in which he cast his father Q: John Huston $300 A: The first use of sensurround in this film "Shook" Hollywood, but not the industry Q: Earthquake $400 A: Fred & Ginger's 1st film together Q: Flying Down to Rio $500 A: In 1950, he debuted on film playing a paraplegic in "The Men" Q: Marlon Brando ~~~~~~~~~~ Fine China ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though Delftware was 1st produced in this country, it's also made in England Q: Netherlands $200 A: The trademark of the Meissen Porcelain Factory is 2 of these weapons, crossed Q: Swords $300 A: In 1757 the Sevres China Factory named a new color, not a hair style, for this mistress of Louis XV Q: Madame De Pompadour $400 A: First name shared by the great 18th century Potters Spode & Wedgwood Q: Josiah $500 A: English county famed for its colorful figurines & mascular terriers Q: Staffordshire ~~~~~~~~~~~~ First Ladies ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: She 1st met her husband while complaining to S.A.G. about unwanted communist literature Q: Nancy Reagan $200 A: After 1st breaking off the engagement, Lincoln went on to marry her Q: Mary Todd Lincoln $300 A: Former Virginia governor Charles Robb's mother-in-law Q: Lady Bird Johnson $400 A: In 1962 Adlai Stevernson eulogized: "She would rather light candles than curse the darkness" Q: Eleanor Roosevelt $500 A: Only wife of 1 president & mother of another Q: Abigail Adams ~~~~~~~~~~~~ First Ladies ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His wife Louisa, was the only 1st lady born abroad, but she was buried in Quincy, Massachusetts Q: John Quincy Adams $200 A: Tom Selleck said this first lady helped him overcome his fear of dancing with the Princess of Wales Q: Nancy Reagan $300 A: Mrs. Nixon was nicknamed Pat because she was born on the eve of this holiday Q: St Patrick's Day $400 A: She was the only first lady born in Kentucky Q: Mary Todd Lincoln $500 A: She co-wrote the 1988 book, "Wildflowers in America" Q: Lady Bird Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~~~ First Ladies ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Pres. Reagan's younger daughter Patti goes by this, her mother Nancy's maiden name Q: Davis $200 A: At 24, she married a senator; at 34, she was a president's widow Q: Jacqueline Kennedy $300 A: Nickname her black nurse gave to Claudia Alta Taylor as a child Q: Lady Bird $400 A: Her 54-year marriage to our 2nd president has been called a "love feast" Q: Abigail Adams $500 A: First lady nicknamed "the steel magnolia" Q: Rosalynn Carter ~~~~~~~~~~~ First Lines ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "This book is largely concerned with hobbits," begins his "the fellowship of the ring" Q: J.R.R. Tolkien $200 A: This 1941 film opens as Effie the secretary enters & Sam the dick says, "Yes, sweetheart?" Q: Maltese Falcon $300 A: Famous poem inscribed there says this colossus is "not like the brazen giant of Greek fame" Q: Statue of Liberty $400 A: MC who opened his 50's show with, "Would You Like to be Queen for a Day?" Q: Jack Bailey $500 A: Metaphysical poet who addressed "death" saying "be not proud" Q: John Donne ~~~~~~~~~~~ First Lines ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The last group mentioned in the 1st line of Marc Antony's eulogy on Casesar Q: Countrymen $200 A: 1st 3 words of the Bible Q: In the Beginning $300 A: Philip Roth story where Neil tells us, "the 1st time I saw Brenda she asked me to hold her glasses" Q: Goodbye Columbus $400 A: It begins with, "Marley was dead to begin with" Q: A Christmas Carol $500 A: TV show whose theme begins, "just sit right back & you'll hear a tale..." Q: Gilligan's Island ~~~~~~~~~~~ First Lines ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Once upon a time there were 4 little rabbits, & their names were Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail & Peter" Q: A Tale of Peter Rabbit $200 A: "It looked extremely rocky for the Mudvlle Nine that day" Q: Casey at the Bat $300 A: Isak Dinesen began this book with, "I had a farm in Africa, at the foot of the Ngong Hills" Q: Out of Africa $400 A: "Those who wish to win favor with a prince... offer him those things which they hold most precious..." Q: The Prince $500 A: "Howard Roark laughed" Q: The Fountainhead ~~~~~~ Firsts ~~~~~~ $100 A: The Sumerians, not Fred Flinstone, got this rolling around 3,500 B.C. Q: Wheel $200 A: Appropriately named comic strip which was the 1st to appear in a newspaper in color Q: Yellow Kid $300 A: The 1st trans-U.S. highway was completed from N.Y. to here Q: San Francisco $400 A: 1st president to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C. Q: Thomas Jefferson $500 A: Dan Golenpaul founded both this 1st radio quiz show & an almanac of the same name Q: Information Please ~~~~ Fish ~~~~ $100 A: Sardines were named for this Italian island where they were first caught Q: Sardinia $200 A: It's believed this sense leads spawning salmon back to the same stream where they hatched Q: Smell $300 A: Both of these move to topside as the adult flounder matures Q: Eyes $400 A: Of herbivores, omnivores, or carnivores, most fish are this Q: Carnivores $500 A: The bluefin is the largest species of this foodfish Q: Tuna ~~~~ Fish ~~~~ $100 A: Type of carp which might feel at home at Fort Knox Q: Goldfish $200 A: Some of these members of the Mackerel family are skipjack & some are Albacore Q: Tuna $300 A: They come in white, blue & hammerhead Q: Sharks $400 A: Engraulis Mordax, a fishy pizza topping Q: Anchovy $500 A: Deep-sea game fish or Perkins of "Wild Kingdom" Q: Marlin ~~~~~ Flags ~~~~~ $100 A: The stars & stripes was 1st planted at this location on July 20, 1969 Q: Moon $200 A: The symbols of this country's flag represent the Yin & Yang & The Balance & Harmony of Life Q: South Korea $300 A: On the Olympic flag, the top 3 rings are blue, black & red; the bottom 2 are these colors Q: Yellow & Green $400 A: Number of short stripes on the flag of the United States Q: 7 $500 A: Created in 1979, this cabinet department has a symbolic tree in the center of its flag Q: Department of Education ~~~~~~~ Flowers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Everything's better with this state flower of Texas on it Q: Bluebonnet $200 A: Tropical flowering household plant in colors from white to purple Q: African Violet $300 A: "Fast as lightning" symbol of floral transworld delivery found on Florists' doors Q: Mercury $400 A: This flower once sacred to India, China & Egypt shares its name with a mythical plant of daydreams Q: Lotus $500 A: The name of this flower with many ray-like petals is from the Greek for "star" Q: Aster ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Flowers & Trees ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: While many trees bear flowers, conifers bear these Q: Cones $200 A: It's what the inchworm is measuring in a song from the film "Hans Christian Andersen" Q: Marigolds $300 A: Oregon's huge virgin timber forests are dominated by this fir named for a famous botanist Q: Douglas Fir $400 A: From the Spanish word for "Raft," it's the lightest wood in commercial use Q: Balsa $500 A: Some mistakenly think this yellow flower, once proposed for U.S. national flower, causes Hay Fever Q: Goldenrod ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Flowers & Trees ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Its seed is used in baking, but one type produces opium Q: Poppy $200 A: Long associated with Lebanon, this tree is on its flag Q: Cedar $300 A: Other than soybeans, this large flower is the world's most important oilseed crop Q: Sunflower $400 A: Turpentine comes from this kind of tree Q: Pine $500 A: Also called the laurel, this tree's leaves are used to flavor foods Q: Bay ~~~~~~~~~~ Folk Songs ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bill Monroe told the "blue moon of" this state to "keep on a-shinin'" Q: Kentucky $200 A: They "were lovers, oh lordy, how they could love," but the song's about a fight Q: Frankie & Johnnie $300 A: In many versions, the 2nd verse of this protest song starts, "we'll walk hand in hand" Q: We Shall Overcome $400 A: "Whoopie ti yi yo, get along little dogies, you know that" this state "will be you new home" Q: Wyoming $500 A: In "Clementine," this numerical phrase describes the miner Q: Forty-Niner ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Many tourists try this Hawaiian dip made of fermented taro, but only once Q: Poi $200 A: Thomas Jefferson was the 1st American known to cultivate this fruit--or is it a vegetable? Q: Tomato $300 A: This dessert, Italian for "all fruits," served up a juicy hit for Little Richard in '55 Q: Tutti-Frutti $400 A: The ancients thought that thunder caused this delicacy to grow, since they sprang up after thunderstorms Q: Mushrooms $500 A: By strictest definition, a rasher of bacon has this many slices Q: 1 ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Spicy, icy Spanish tomato soup Q: Gazpacho $200 A: Term for pasta that remains firm "to the teeth's" touch Q: Al Dente $300 A: Dish made of meat in pastry and named for Napoleon's nemesis Q: Beef Wellington $400 A: The "Poivre" in steak Au Poivre Q: Pepper $500 A: Main dish ordered most often in American restaurants Q: Fried Chicken ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Prickly pears are plucked from this type of plant Q: Cactus $200 A: Guinness says the longest pork one ever made stretched over 8 miles in "link"th Q: Sausage $300 A: A spaghetti sauce made of basil, pine nuts, garlic and olive oil Q: Pesto $400 A: The FDA forbids the use of the word "caviar" alone on a label unless it comes from this type of fish Q: Sturgeon $500 A: Mangoes are a common ingredient in this pungent Indian relish Q: Chutney ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: Risotto is a popular Italian dish that features this grain cooked in broth Q: Rice $200 A: A frittata is an open-faced variety of this Q: Omelet $300 A: Green salads are usually distinguished by this cheese Q: Feta $400 A: A very large, firm, "meaty" tomato, often served with onion slices in an oil & vinegar dressing Q: Beefsteak $500 A: From the Greek word for "leaf," these leaflike sheets of pastry are used to make Baklava Q: Phyllo ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: The Mayans made corn, one of their primary foods, into flat cakes now called this Q: Tortillas $200 A: Shredded fruit most commonly found in macaroons Q: Coconut $300 A: French for "rawness," these are raw vegetables served as appetizers Q: Cudites $400 A: This crystallized treat is made from just sugar & water, not from boulders Q: Rock Candy $500 A: This French salad dressing both means & is made with a "little vinegar" Q: Vinaigrette ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: The herbs anise & fennel resemble the flavor of this common black candy Q: Licorice $200 A: From the Romanian word for "to preserve," it's served hot with mustard on rye Q: Pastrami $300 A: When it was 1st introduced into England from France, it was called "butterine" Q: Margarine $400 A: Named for an English doctor who recommended meat as a cure-all, it's a hamburger without a bun Q: Salisbury Steak $500 A: Ff the cheese is authentic, a symbol of sheep appears on the wrapping of this type of blue cheese Q: Roquefort ~~~~ Food ~~~~ $100 A: The part of a carrot that's eaten as a vegetable Q: Tap Root $200 A: A 1984 better homes & gardens survey found it the type of pasta eaten most often Q: Spaghetti $300 A: Of fish eggs, unopened flower buds, or animal fat globules, what capers are Q: Unopened Flower Buds $400 A: The eggs in egg benedict are traditionally cooked this way Q: Poached $500 A: Mark Twain described this vegetable as "nothing but cabbage with a college education" Q: Cauliflower ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Food & Drink ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Besides corn, the main ingredient in succotash Q: Lima Beans $200 A: Similar to ravioli, this pasta is cut in rounds, filled & formed into rings Q: Tortellini $300 A: Before the 1820's this meal was called dinner Q: Lunch $400 A: Called "nervous pudding" it became popular after introduction of this trademarked brand in 1902 Q: Jello $500 A: Tripe is this part of a cow or sheep Q: Stomach ~~~~~ Foods ~~~~~ $100 A: Southern specialty & American's favorite dish Q: Fried Chicken $200 A: Donut-shaped deli delight, from Yiddish for ring Q: Bagel $300 A: Lox, Gravlax & Nova Scotia are forms of this fish Q: Salmon $400 A: Often paired with cabbage, this is brisket preserved in brine Q: Corned Beef $500 A: A New York chef invented these in the 1850's when told his French fries were too thick Q: Potato Chips ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This country's national anthem is named for the city of Marseilles Q: France $200 A: This city is noted for its harbour bridge & shell-shaped opera house Q: Sydney $300 A: Its baseball team is named for the 1967 world's fair held there Q: Montreal $400 A: Soweto is an urban complex outside this city Q: Johannesburg $500 A: The 2nd largest city in Ireland, it helps keep the country's economy afloat Q: Cork ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: No matter how you slice it, it's "Brot" in Germany Q: Bread $200 A: From the Latin meaning "To serve," it's the soup that starts a meal Q: Minestrone $300 A: French cookie made of sugar, egg white & almonds, its name is from Italian for macaroni Q: Macaroon $400 A: The distinctive starchy ingredient in Chinese dishes with "Mein" in the name Q: Noodles $500 A: Called "The fruit of India," it's the main ingredient in a popular chutney Q: Mango ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "coq" in coq au vin Q: Chicken $200 A: A British variety is called "bangers;" a Mexican variety "chorizo" Q: Sausage $300 A: Jewish crepe filled with cheese Q: Blintz $400 A: A toothsome cut of beef served to a twosome and named for a French nobleman Q: Chateaubriand $500 A: A stew of various meats or a Jeopardy category Q: Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Exchange ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Japanese who love money have a "desire" for these Q: Yen $200 A: This neighboring country's franc is worth more then France's Q: Switzerland $300 A: The Quetzal is both the currency & national bird of this Central American country Q: Guatemala $400 A: The U.S. Greenback is official tender in this African country Q: Liberia $500 A: The Austral isn't the currency of Australia but of this South American country Q: Argetina ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Films ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The Seven Samurai" became this title group in a 1960 U.S. film Q: The Magnificent Seven $200 A: Ingmar Bergman directed this fellow Swede in her last theatrical film, 1978's "Autumn Sonata" Q: Ingrid Bergman $300 A: Sergei Bondarchuk not only wrote & directed this Oscar-winning Tolstoy epic, he played the lead Q: War and Peace $400 A: Francois Truffaut's "The Bride Wore Black" was an homage to this master of suspense Q: Alfred Hitchcock $500 A: "The clowns," this director's tribute to circus performers, was originally made for Italian TV Q: Federico Fellini ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What an Italian means when he says "Non Capisco" Q: I don't understand $200 A: In Japanese, "Nezumi," in Finnish, "Rotta," & in Cagney "Dirty" Q: Rat $300 A: With "Savoir" it means knowledge with "Laissez" it means indifference Q: Faire $400 A: Swahili for a "Journey," it's come to mean a hunting trip Q: Safari $500 A: Latin 2-word phrase meaning "It doesn't follow" Q: Non Sequitur ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: French equivalent to "enjoy your meal" Q: Bon Appetit $200 A: Italian word that double for "thank you" and "excuse me" Q: Prego $300 A: What you should do if a Hawaiian tells you to "wikiwiki" Q: Hurry Up $400 A: How you would ask in German if someone spoke German Q: Sprechen Sie Deutsch $500 A: Widely known Japanese idiom which means "is that right?" Q: A-50 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Foreign Phrases ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In Germany, it's said before a toast & after a sneeze Q: Gesundheit $200 A: The British call this part of a car "the bonnet" Q: Hood $300 A: From the French, it literally means "a pen name" Q: Nom De Plume $400 A: The vidi in "veni, vidi, vici" Q: I Saw $500 A: Warning in Latin, "cave canem"; in Dutch, "pas op de hond" Q: Beware of the Dog ~~~~~~~~~~~~ For the Kids ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Name shared by pre-pubescent pan & pickled pepper picker piper Q: Peter $200 A: She created Jemima Puddle-Duck & Mrs. Tiggy Winkle as well as Peter Rabbit Q: Beatrix Potter $300 A: The French call he "Le Petit Chaperon Rouge" Q: Little Red Riding Hood $400 A: Animal that went both ways in "Dr. Dolittle" Q: The Pushmi-Pullyu $500 A: What the three little kittens were denied when they lost their mittens Q: Pie ~~~~~~~~~~~~ For the Kids ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Number in common to blind mice, bags of wool, & men in a tub Q: 3 $200 A: He was the sleeping sheep & cow herder Q: Little Boy Blue $300 A: Show which features Alistair Cookie's "monsterpiece theatre" Q: Sesame Street $400 A: Janet & Mark have replaced this classic reading primer pair Q: Dick & Jane $500 A: This fairy-tale cat could fill J.R.'s shoes Q: Puss in Boots ~~~~~~~~~~~~ For the Kids ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: No one in his "neighborhood" calls him Fred Q: Mr. Rogers $200 A: Munro Leaf's beast who's rather smell the flowers than fight Q: Ferdinand the Bull $300 A: The 1st thing the "old lady" swallowed in the famous rhyme Q: Fly $400 A: You meet Chuggs, Gussets & Gherkins in his book, "If I Ran the Zoo" Q: Dr. Seuss $500 A: Nickname of kid detective Brown or a compendium of knowledge Q: Encyclopedia ~~~~~~ France ~~~~~~ $100 A: Built from the 11th to the 16th century, this abbey citadel rests on an island off the coast of Normandy Q: Mont St Michel $200 A: When you're on the left bank in Paris, you're "left" of this river Q: Seine $300 A: Once a Mediterranean fishing village, it's now famous for a film festival Q: Cannes $400 A: University of Paris, known by the name of its most famous college Q: Sorbonne $500 A: Founded about 600 B.C. by Greeks, it's France's main seaport Q: Marseilles ~~~~~~ France ~~~~~~ $100 A: After the revolution, Viollet-Le-Duc supervised the repair of this famed French cathedral Q: Notre Dame De Paris $200 A: Until recently, France's finance ministry was headquartered in this museum Q: Louvre $300 A: You can travel about 270 km per hour on the TGV, which is this type of transportation Q: Train $400 A: Guinness says it took 2 years, 2 months & 2 days to build at a cost of 7,799,401 francs & 21 centimes Q: Eiffel Tower $500 A: Between 1871-1945 ownership of this disputed region passed back & forth between Germany & France Q: Alsace-Lorraine ~~~~~~ France ~~~~~~ $100 A: France's unknown soldier of WW I is buried under this Paris landmark Q: Arc De Triomphe $200 A: This capital of Burgundy is known for its spice bread & mustard Q: Dijon $300 A: Louis XIV built this palace, famed for its hall of mirrors Q: Versailles $400 A: Colorful main attraction of the cathedral in Chartres Q: Stained Glass Windows $500 A: This village on the Riviera became a hot resort when Brigitte Bardot moved there Q: St Tropez ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ French Royalty ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Great-niece of Henry VIII who was Queen Consort of France & later Queen of Scotland Q: Mary Queen of Scots $200 A: King who died on the place De La Revolution on January 21, 1793 Q: Louis XVI $300 A: Princess Henrietta Maria of France married this king of England who was beheaded in 1649 Q: Charles I $400 A: The Chateau De Bagatelle was built in 1777 as a result of a bet made by this Austrian-born queen Q: Marie Antoinette $500 A: Marie-Louise, daughter of a holy Roman emperor, married this man who abolished the holy Roman empire Q: Napoleon ~~~~~~ Fruits ~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1875, a Chinese farmer in Oregon named Bing helped develop a variety of these Q: Cherries $200 A: When dried, the fruit of the litchi tree is known as this Q: Litchi Nut $300 A: While muskrats are rodents, muscats are these Q: Grapes $400 A: This popular muskmelon was named for a village in Italy Q: Cantaloupe $500 A: Related to the apple & pear, this fruit is usually made into preserves rather than eaten raw Q: Quince ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits & Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Root vegetable that was the root of Peter Rabbit's passion Q: Carrot $200 A: Europeans once believed that this vegetable with purple skin, cousin to the tomato, caused insanity Q: Eggplant $300 A: Syrup originally made from pomegranates processed on the Caribbean Island of Grenada Q: Grenadine $400 A: The "Hospitality" fruit, it can keep Jell-O from jelling Q: Pineapple $500 A: Autumn edible which figured in the Alger Hiss case Q: Pumpkin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits & Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The pickled pepper Peter might have picked for stuffing green olives Q: Pimentos $200 A: Often called a cross between a plum & a peach it's actually an unfuzzy variety of peach Q: Nectarine $300 A: The Chinese consider it good luck to receive gifts of this tiny orange-like fruit Q: Kumquat $400 A: Cultivated for its long, white, edible root, it's the pale unpopular cousin to the carrot Q: Parsnip $500 A: Member of the cabbage family that's an essential ingredient in chicken divan Q: Broccoli ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits & Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The term "yam" is commonly but incorrectly applied to this vegetable Q: Sweet Potato $200 A: "Prunus Avium" to a Botanist, it garnishes sundaes & slot machines Q: Cherry $300 A: State which produces more plums than all others combined Q: California $400 A: Peas, beans & peanuts are members of this 2nd largest family of flowering plants Q: Legumes $500 A: The only fruit that produces a common cooking oil Q: Olive ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fruits and Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This dried fruit is often found in carrot cake Q: Raisins $200 A: As stated on most gelatin boxes, this fruit should be cooked before adding to a gelatin mixture Q: Pineapple $300 A: Also called the "Pie Plant," its long reddish stalks are edible when cooked Q: Rhubarb $400 A: Collards, kale & bok choy are all types of this vegetables Q: Cabbage $500 A: In France, this onion-like vegetable is known as the "asparagus of the poor" Q: Leeks ~~~~~~~~~ Funny Men ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Danish dilettante of the paino who intersperses quips with chords Q: Victor Borge $200 A: Brooklyn-born Leonard Hacker, he took over Groucho's spot in a "You Bet Your Life" revival Q: Buddy Hackett $300 A: In 1974, over 300,000 callers daily heard his dial-a-jokes like "See A Cop? No? Good, Stick 'em Up" Q: Henny Youngman $400 A: Famous for a routine on "Jeopardy!" this New Yorker is married to an opera singer Q: Robert Klein $500 A: "Goon Show" star known for lines like "he walked with a pronouned limp, l-i-m-p pronounced limp" Q: Spike Milligan ~~~~~~~~~ Furniture ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A rabbit residence, or a cupboard placed on top of a buffet Q: Hutch $200 A: In phony antiques, these "Parasite" flaws are made with buckshot or a find dental drill Q: Wormholes $300 A: Archie Bunker jealously guarded this, the "Comfortable" throne of his kingdom Q: Easy Chair $400 A: Duncan Phyfe was a Scottish cabinetmaker known for his work in this country Q: United States $500 A: In 16th century Europe, this thin wood sheeting was hand-cut to only 1/10th of an inch thick Q: Veneer ~~~~~~~~~~ Game Shows ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He gave up plans to become a doctor & became "TV's big dealer" Q: Monty Hall $200 A: Show which asked its mystery guests to "sign in, please" Q: What's My Line $300 A: "Animal, vegetable, or mineral?" was usually the 1st question asked on this show Q: 20 Questions $400 A: Ray Combs' kisser was seen on this game's revival Q: Family Feud $500 A: On the 1st version of this show, contestants wore sneakers to run faster, ring the bell & give the answer Q: Name That Tune ~~~~~~~~~~ Game Shows ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Some departing "Jeopardy!" contestants have received this "San Francisco treat" Q: Rice-A-Roni $200 A: Game in which toss-up questions were thrown to campus combatants by Allen Ludden Q: College Bowl $300 A: "Just Men" had 7 keys & 1 of these, while "split second" had 1 key & 5 of these Q: Car $400 A: It's the number 1 show in the history of syndication Q: Wheel of Fortune $500 A: If Beulah the Buzzer beat the contestant to the "truth," he then had to pay this Q: Consequences ~~~~~ Games ~~~~~ $100 A: Monopoly players going there "do not pass go; do not collect $200" Q: Jail $200 A: On this game's wheel 0 & 00 are green; the rest of the numbers, red or black Q: Roulette $300 A: Number of red checkers in a checkers game Q: 12 $400 A: In chess, piece which starts to the right of the white king Q: Bishop $500 A: What the dice are called when 1 lands on the other Q: Cocked ~~~~~ Games ~~~~~ $100 A: Mumblety-pet is played by throwing this implement Q: Pocket Knife $200 A: In Monopoly, Atlantic Avenue is yellow & Pacific Avenue is this color Q: Greed $300 A: In a pinochle deck, each of the 4 suits has this many card Q: 12 $400 A: Board game in which a player can create a prime, a barrier of 6 points which an opponent cannot pass Q: Backgammon $500 A: Author J.R.R. Tolkien helped inspire Gary Gygax & Dave Arneson to invent this role-playing game Q: Dungeons & Dragons ~~~~~~~~~ Gardening ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As Mark Twain could probably tell you, this berry, also called tangleberry, has 10 hard seeds Q: Huckleberry $200 A: Onions can be grown from seeds, & like tulips, from these Q: Bulbs $300 A: Bark, cocoa hulls, hay, coffee grounds & straw can all be used as this type of plant protection Q: Mulch $400 A: A lath house is designed to keep your plants from getting too much of this Q: Sun $500 A: Bamboo is a member of this plant family Q: Grass ~~~~~~~~ Gay 90's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By 1897 they had air-filled tires, coaster brakes & adjustable handlebars Q: Bicycles $200 A: It sank in Havana Harbor & set off a war Q: Maine $300 A: On March 18, 1891, this mode of communication was introduced between London & Paris Q: Telephone $400 A: "40 whacks" or not, she was found not guilty in 1893 Q: Lizzie Borden $500 A: N.Y. restaurant owners called this bejeweled millionaire "the best 25 customers they ever had" Q: Diamond Jim Brady ~~~~~~~~ Generals ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Presidents Hayes, Garfield, & Benjamin Harrison were all generals in this war Q: Civil War $200 A: General who told Congress in 1951, "There is no substitute for victory" Q: Douglas MacArthur $300 A: Generals Lee, Sherman, Grant, Pershing & Patton have all had a type of these named after them Q: Tank $400 A: Though not even a U.S. citizen, he was made a major general in the American army at age 20 Q: Marquis De Lafayette $500 A: General Curtis Lemay was this man's running mate in 1968 Q: George Wallace ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Strait of Messina separates the Velebria region in the "Toe" of Italy from this island Q: Sicily $200 A: This state's largest city was named for the Viceroy of New Spain, the duke of Albuquerque Q: New Mexico $300 A: The Turkmen are a Turkic people who once had their own republic within this country Q: Soviet Union $400 A: The Plain of Sharon is the most densely populated area in this country Q: Israel $500 A: Cape Agulhas is this continent's southernmost point Q: Africa ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Located in Alaska, it's North America's highest point Q: Mount McKinley $200 A: It's across the Danube from pest Q: Buda $300 A: New Zealand, Midway & Hawaii are all part of this "many islands" group Q: Polynesia $400 A: The Netherlands, Belgium & this country make up the Benelux Economic Union Q: Luxembourg $500 A: Abu Dhabi & Dubai are 2 of the 7 states that make up this middle eastern federation Q: United Arab Emirates ~~~~~~~ Geology ~~~~~~~ $100 A: When it flows above the ground, magma is called this Q: Lava $200 A: Varieties of this gem include fire & black; the finest come from Australia Q: Opal $300 A: Created by perpetual snow, they move when weight on top causes bottom to flow Q: Glaciers $400 A: It's located above the "fire place" of the molten core & below the crust Q: Mantle $500 A: Descriptive of their formation, their principal categories are volcanic, block & folded Q: Mountains ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: There are nearly 13,000 people per square mile in this S.E. Asian British Colony Q: Hong Kong $200 A: What a Swiss state is called Q: Canton $300 A: "Land's End" is the westernmost point of this country Q: England $400 A: Country where you'd find kalgoorlie, ballarat & toowoomba Q: Australia $500 A: Most of "Zorba the Greek" takes place on this largest Greek isle Q: Crete ~~~~~~~~~ Geography ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Christmas, Easter or Bermuda, for example Q: Island $200 A: Europe's only wild monkeys live on this "rock" Q: Gibraltar $300 A: This royal kingdom, 1/3 the size of the U.S., has no rivers or lakes, but lots of oil Q: Saudi Arabia $400 A: The largest country entirely in Europe Q: France $500 A: Clocks in Lima, Peru read the same as those in this U.S. time zone Q: Eastern ~~~~~~ Ghosts ~~~~~~ $100 A: The 999 ghosts at the mansion in this Anaheim landmark say "there's always room for 1 more" Q: Disneyland $200 A: After he was Scrooge's business partner, he became the 1st ghost to appear in "A Christmas Carol" Q: Jacob Marley $300 A: Silver City, Idaho & Bodie, California, for example Q: Ghost Towns $400 A: In the Superman TV series, editor Perry White frequently invoked this spirit Q: Great Caesar's Ghost $500 A: In Shakespeare's play, the ghost who sat in Macbeth's place at the banquet table Q: Banquo ~~~~~~ Ghosts ~~~~~~ $100 A: In the U.S., it's traditionally the best night of the year to see ghosts Q: Halloween $200 A: Not surprisingly, this assassin is said to haunt Ford's theatre in Washington, D.C. Q: John Wilkes Booth $300 A: At Windsor castle, this Tudor queen supposedly haunts the queen's library Q: Elizabeth I $400 A: Shakespearean king visited by 11 ghosts of his victims before the battle of Bosworth Field Q: Richard III $500 A: A hideous Arabian ghost who steals corpses, it's come to mean any grave robber Q: Ghoul ~~~~~~ Ghosts ~~~~~~ $100 A: From German, meaning "knocking spirit," it's a mischievous, boisterous ghost Q: Poltergeist $200 A: Someone who "pinch hits" for another's autobiography Q: Ghost Writer $300 A: He & Bill Murray went from "Saturday Night Live" gutbusting to ghostbusting Q: Dan Aykroyd $400 A: 20's football star called the "galloping ghost" Q: Red Grange $500 A: Interested in psychic research while president, his ghost is said to haunt the White House Q: Abraham Lincoln ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Golden Oldies ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1961, Rick Nelson was a "travelin' man," Roy Orbison was "running scared," & Ray Charles was told to do this, Jack Q: Hit the Road $200 A: In the 1960's, "I Heard it Through the Grapevine" was a hit, once for Marvin Gaye & once for this group Q: Gladys Knight & the Pips $300 A: This 1st four seasons' hit went all the way to number 1, baby Q: Sherry $400 A: "Moon River" & this other 1961 hit both have "River" & "Moo" in their titles Q: Moody River $500 A: Freddy Cannon top 10 hit featuring the Florida capital in its title Q: Tallahassee Lassie ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Great Thinkers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 19th century German author of "Thus Spake Zarathustra" Q: Nietzsche $200 A: While prisoner of the Germans in WWII, this French existentialist wrote some of his greatest work Q: Jean Paul Sartre $300 A: Greek philosopher whose works were the basis for most scientific study well into the 17th century Q: Aristotle $400 A: French soldier & mathematician whose motto was, "I think therefore I am" Q: Rene Descartes $500 A: This 17th century Dutch Jew was excommunicated from his synagogue for independent thinking Q: Baruch Spinoza ~~~~ H.H. ~~~~ $100 A: This playboy married one of his playboy centerfolds Q: Hugh Hefner $200 A: The billionaire in Terry Moore's "The Beauty and the Billionaire" Q: Howard Hughes $300 A: She is called "The 1st lady of the American stage" Q: Helen Hayes $400 A: Along with Muskie, he lost to Nixon-Agnew in '68 Q: Hubert Humphrey $500 A: Meredith's "Music Man" Q: Harold Hill ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ H'Wood Marriage ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Mike Todd's son was best man when she married Eddie Fisher Q: Elizabeth Taylor $200 A: She's the wife of actor Maxwell Caulfield & the daughter of sir John Mills Q: Juliet Mills $300 A: Matt Lattanzi, who played a small role in "Grease 2" married this star of "Grease" No. 1 Q: Olivia Newton-John $400 A: He might have sung his own song, "What Kind of Fool am I?" when he got divorced from Joan Collins Q: Anothony Newley $500 A: No longer married to Quincy Jones, this "Mod Squad" star has returned to acting Q: Peggy Lipton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Lionel Barrymore, Christopher Lee & Tom Baker have all played this mad monk on film Q: Rasputin $200 A: Empress Sophie the Great didn't sound right, so she changed her name to this in 1762 Q: Catherine $300 A: "The lady with the lamp" Q: Florence Night Ingale $400 A: This great violin maker's 1st name was Antonio & his last name didn't originally end in "us" Q: Stradivari $500 A: His dime novels made Buffalo Bill legendary Q: Ned Buntline ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Landing on Leyte in 1944, he said, "I have returned" Q: General Douglas Macarthur $200 A: Supposedly descended from a gray wolf, this macho Mongol acquired his famous title in 1206 Q: Genghis Khan $300 A: In 1869, she said, "join the union, girls, and together say 'equal pay for equal work'" Q: Susan B. Anthony $400 A: Reigning from 37-41 A.D., he thought himself Alexander, Caesar & God Q: Caligula $500 A: First lady whose cousin Dorothea Dandridge was Patrick Henry's 2nd wife Q: Martha Washington ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1872 the 1st mail order catalog was issued by this man's company, not sears Q: Aaron Montgomery Ward $200 A: Illinois senator who held Lincoln's hat during his st inaugural address in Washington Q: Stephen Douglas $300 A: In 1946, this "little flower" served as director general of the U.N. relief & rehab admin. Q: Fidrello La Guardia $400 A: Called "the Sam Adams of Virginia," he took a fatal dose of Mercury in 1799 trying to cure a severe ailment Q: Patrick Henry $500 A: While an Ohio congressman, he was elected both senator & president in 1880 Q: James A. Garfield ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Places ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In ancient times, criminals were thrown from the south face of this city's Capitoline hill Q: Rome $200 A: It was completed between 221-207 B.C. under the rule of emperor Shih Huang- Ti Q: Great Wall of China $300 A: One of the bloodiest battles in U.S. history was fought on this island, also known as "Naka Iwo" Q: Iwo Jima $400 A: In the 1880's gold was found in this island group, called "Land of Fire" by Magellan Q: Tierra Del Fuego $500 A: Located between Pakistan & Afghanistan, this 33-mile mountain gap was famous in the annals of British India Q: Khyber Pass ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historic Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The decision was mine alone," said Truman of the use of this monumental item in 1945 Q: Atom Bomb $200 A: Jefferson said, "the tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with" this "of patriots" Q: The Blood $300 A: In 1938, this prime minister said the Munich Pact brought "peace for our time" Q: Neville Chamberlain $400 A: Marx & Engels wrote, in "the communist manifesto," "proletarians have nothing to lose but" these Q: Their Chains $500 A: In an Irish election campaign in 1790, John Philpot Curran said this "is the price of liberty" Q: Eternal Vigilance ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Historical Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "He is his own worst enemy" was said 1st by Cicero about this Roman leader Q: Julius Caesar $200 A: In 1500, he asked to "be judged as a captain who went..." the the Indies to conquer a people" Q: Christopher Columbus $300 A: President who said, "this nation... has man's 1st chance to build a great society" Q: Lyndon Johnson $400 A: Irish revolutionary John Curran is said to be the 1st to say this "is the price of liberty" Q: Eternal Vigilance $500 A: "We are in a period... of cold peace," said this secretary general of the U.N. Q: Trygve Lie ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This nation's conquistadors called the new world "El Dorado" Q: Spain $200 A: Signal to kill a vanquished gladiator, it imitated a sword thrust Q: Thumbs Down $300 A: Century of both American & French revolutions Q: 18th $400 A: The treaty of Vereeniging ended this conflict, which was more interesting than it sounded Q: Boer War $500 A: The number of days between Napoleon's return from Elba & his final defeat Q: 100 ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Omar Khayyam's Ancient Iran Q: Persia $200 A: Ancient Yucatan tribe that had no schools but were excellent astronomers Q: Maya $300 A: In 1938, the Munich agreement allowed Germany to partition this country Q: Czechoslovakia $400 A: British prime minister who crowned queen Victoria "Empress of India" Q: Benjamin Disraeli $500 A: George Washington surprised these mercenary troops after crossing the Delaware on December 25, 1776 Q: Hessians ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1502, he made his 4th & final voyage to the new world Q: Christopher Columbus $200 A: In 1997, ownership of this British colony reverts to China Q: Hong Kong $300 A: After 35 ballots, the house broke an electoral tie to make him president in 1801 Q: Thomas Jefferson $400 A: She did a "hatch job" on bars & saloons in 1900 Q: Carrie Nation $500 A: This settlement was established by Antoine Cadillac on July 24, 1701 Q: Detroit ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1790, mutineers from this ship settled on Pitcairn Island Q: Bounty $200 A: The term "Cold War" was used in the 30's to describe this country's conquering of nations with little fighting Q: Germany $300 A: Forcing a Treaty in 1883, this nation gained control of Vietnam for almost 70 years Q: France $400 A: In 1689, China signed its 1st Treaty with this neighbor defining their border Q: Russia $500 A: In 1867, these 2 European nations became a dual monarchy under Franz Joseph Q: Austria & Hungary ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1867, when it was sold to the U.S. for $7.2 million, only 30,000 people lived there Q: Alaska $200 A: After a revolt failed in 1834, Garibaldi fled overseas to this continent to fight in a guerrilla war Q: South America $300 A: In 1930, he made the news when he broke the law by making salt from sea water Q: Mohandes Gandhi $400 A: The 1st reigning queen of the English House of Tudor Q: Bloody Mary I $500 A: The need to transport salt from Syracuse, N.Y. was on of the main reasons this was built in the 1800's Q: Eree Canal ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Peter the hermit preached the first of these Christian vs. Muslim wars in 1095 Q: Crusades $200 A: N. Y. landmark dedicated Oct. 18, 1886 Q: Statue of Liberty $300 A: From 1937-45, Chiang Kai-Shek & Mao Tse-Tung joined forces to fight them Q: Japanese $400 A: 13,000 houses were destroyed but no one died in this city's "Great Fire of 1666" Q: London $500 A: Batu Khan's Mongol Empire named for the color of his tent Q: Golden Horde ~~~~~~~~~ Hitchcock ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The film in which Nutty Norman Bates was a real cut-up Q: Psycho $200 A: He starred in "Notorious," "Suspicion," & "North by Northwest" Q: Cary Grant $300 A: He played the killer James Stewart saw through the "rear window" Q: Raymond Burr $400 A: Hitchcock's 1st American movie, in which the title character never appears Q: Rebecca $500 A: This Doris Day movie wasn't his best, but "que sera, sera" Q: The Man Who Knew Too Much ~~~~~~~~~~ Hodgepodge ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The original "Peeping Tom" supposedly saw her ride Q: Lady Godiva $200 A: At the Berlin Wall, this American immortalized the words, "Ich Bin Eim Berliner" Q: John F. Kennedy $300 A: Name of the national park famous for "Faithful" aquatic eruptions Q: Yellowstone $400 A: Despite its verdant name, this large island is primarily icecap Q: Greenland $500 A: It was really in battle, not in bed, as in the play, that he killed Duncan Q: MacBeth ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Holidays & Observances ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Americans of Italian descent have made this their equivalent of St. Patrick's Day Q: Columbus Day $200 A: Though we "love" his February "day," he's been taken off the calendar of saints Q: St Valentine $300 A: The eve of all saint's day Q: Halloween $400 A: Round loaves called "dead men's bread" are sold on the day of the dead in this Central American country Q: Mexico $500 A: Missouri observes this president's birthday on May 8th Q: Harry Truman ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Holidays & Observances ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Punxsutawney Phil is best known for his appearance on this day Q: Groundhog Day $200 A: Chinese new year celebrations features dancers costumed as lions & these mythical beasts Q: Dragons $300 A: A horse race & parade are features of the Palio Del Corso, held semi- annually since 1482 in Siena in this country Q: Italy $400 A: April 18 is independence day in this African country, formerly Rhodesia Q: Zimbabwe $500 A: When observance of his birthday began, some celebrated it on February 11, some on February 22 Q: George Washington ~~~~~~ Horses ~~~~~~ $100 A: A foal's mother, or a beaver's handiwork Q: Dam $200 A: Most males have 40, females 36 Q: Teeth $300 A: Where on a horse you find the frog, bar & wall Q: Hoof $400 A: From French to "train," it's the series of maneuvers using passage, piaffer & pirouette Q: Dresaage $500 A: It's the leading horse-raining country in the world Q: China ~~~~~~~~~~ Hot "Tips" ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Tune which put tiny Tim on the charts Q: Tiptoe Through the Tulips $200 A: Guest towels are also balled by this "handy" name Q: Fingertip Towels $300 A: She felt a little peckish in "the birds" Q: Tippi Hedren $400 A: Could have been an 1840 presidential bumper sticker Q: Tippecande & Tyler Too $500 A: War-song locale to which it was a long, long way Q: Tipperary ~~~~~~~~~~ Hot Movies ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Irwin Allen's tall tale that went up in smoke Q: Towering Inferno $200 A: Kurt Russell played himself & his father in this 1991 scorcher Q: Backdraft $300 A: The male stars tested their disguises for this 1959 film by visiting the studio's ladies room Q: Some Like It Hot $400 A: Words were heated when Truffaut filmed this Bradbury novel Q: Fahrenheit 451 $500 A: The first movie that newlyweds Newman & Woodward made together Q: The Long Hot Summer ~~~~~~ Hotels ~~~~~~ $100 A: National chain of hotels often referred to as "hojo's" Q: Howard Johnson $200 A: In 1977, the Eagles checked into the #1 spot on the charts with this song Q: Hotel California $300 A: California's famous ahwahnee hotel is in the heart of this national park Q: Yosemite $400 A: This payment plan includes both lodging & meals Q: American Plan $500 A: In 1954, Conrad Hilton wrote checks for $97 million to purchase this entire hotel chain Q: Statler Hotels ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Human Vision ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: People with this deficiency get mad & can't see red Q: Color Blindness $200 A: Snooty specs on a stick Q: Lorgnette $300 A: Called hyperopia, it's the opposite of myopia Q: Farsightedness $400 A: These were first made in 1887 by German physiologist A.E. Fick Q: Contact Lenses $500 A: You have to keep an eye on this M.D. Q: Ophthalmologist ~~~~~~~ Hunting ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dog breed used to flush rabbits from cover, though Snoopy prefers big game Q: Beagles $200 A: The Dall, Stone & Desert Bighorn are North American species of this game animal Q: Sheep $300 A: Snares, pitfalls & baits are used in this very old method of hunting Q: Trapping $400 A: After the kill, you do this to game with a knife, not high heels & an evening gown Q: Dressing $500 A: These aiming lines in a scope are sometimes made of spider web Q: Crosshairs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If Words Could Kill ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York newspaper that prints a weekly best-seller list Q: Times $200 A: Author of best-seller "The Firm" & "The Pelican Brief" Q: John Grisham $300 A: Author of best-sellers "H is for Homicide" & "I is for Innocent" Q: Sue Grafton $400 A: Author of best-seller "Oh! The Places You'll Go" Q: Dr Seuss $500 A: Author of best-seller "All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten" Q: Robert Fulghum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Imaginary Islands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Sir Thomas More created this idyllic island 15 miles off the coast of the Americas Q: Utopia $200 A: Friday's Beach is one of several beaches on this character's island in the Atlantic Q: Robinson Crusoe $300 A: Supposedly near Mexico, its name comes from captain Flint's Booty buried there Q: Treasure Island $400 A: This monstrous animal came to New York from Skull Island, southwest of Sumatra Q: King Kong $500 A: "The island of the busy bees" is in the Tyrrhenian Sea in this children's classic by Carlo Collodi Q: Pinocchio ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In The Dictionary ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Originally a nickname for Robert, a "Dobbin" is 1 of these animals Q: Horse $200 A: An intense feeling of repugnance & fear, or the genre of film that makes you experience it Q: Horror $300 A: This word for an elephant or a rhino comes from the Greek for "thick skin" Q: Pachyderm $400 A: From the Latin "Fuscare," to darken, this verb means to confuse or make obscure Q: Obfuscate $500 A: The act of process of proving a will Q: Probate ~~~~~~~~ Initials ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "C" in S.P.C.A. stands for this Q: Cruelty $200 A: The initials W.C. on a British lavatory stand for this Q: Water Closet $300 A: The initials of America's oldest Civil Rights Organization Q: NAACP $400 A: The initials BTU stand for this thermodynamics Q: British Thermal Unit $500 A: The "E" in BPOE represents this word Q: Elks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Insect Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A comedian might find one in his soup Q: Fly $200 A: A police special weapons team or what you do to a pesky mosquito Q: Swat $300 A: Completes a Ben Franklin phrase: "here skugg lies snug..." Q: As a Bug in a Bug $400 A: This beetle, named for an eastern country, was first spotted in the U.S. in 1916 in New Jersey Q: Japanese Beetle $500 A: Balls of naphthalene are protection against them Q: Moths ~~~~~~~ Insects ~~~~~~~ $100 A: This "fever" carried by ticks is actually more prevalent in the Appalachians than it is out west Q: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever $200 A: This disease carrier poses the greatest health threat to humans of all insects worldwide Q: Mosquito $300 A: These bees who do nothing but fertilize queens have the shortest life span of any bee, 4 weeks Q: Drones $400 A: Found on land, not in the water, this "colorful" insect feeds on anything starchy Q: Silverfish $500 A: An insect's body consists of a thorax and these other 2 parts Q: Head & Abdomen ~~~~~~~ Insects ~~~~~~~ $100 A: All workers in an ant colony are this sex Q: Female $200 A: Named for the color of scales on its body, this insect loves to eat cereal, glue & your starched clothes Q: Silverfish $300 A: This "regal" bees sometimes fight until one stings the other to death Q: Queen Bees $400 A: The most formidable of man's insect foes is this ubiquitous "musca domestica" Q: Housefly $500 A: The appropriately named largest North American wasp, which hunts tarantulas like a bird of prey Q: Tarantula Hawk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ International Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These Chinese dumplings are commonly served in soup or fried as a side dish Q: Wontons $200 A: Hungarian Goulash is traditionally seasoned with this powdered pepper Q: Paprika $300 A: Temales are sometimes steamed in banana leaves but are usually wrapped in these Q: Corn Husks $400 A: This chicken dish made with noodles, cheese & cream sauce was named for an Italian opera singer Q: Chicken Tetrazzini $500 A: Served on meat, Maitre D'Hotel butter contains salt, pepper, parsley & this juice Q: Lemon Juice ~~~~~~~~~~ Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Marconi's Wonderful Wireless Q: Radio $200 A: In 1869, an American minister created this "Oriental" transport Q: Rickshaw $300 A: Clarence Birdeye's 1920's hunting trip to Canada inspired this method of food preservation Q: Freezing $400 A: This fastener gets its name from a brand of galoshes it was used on Q: Zipper $500 A: Designed over 100 years before airplanes to save people who jumped from burning buildings Q: Parachute ~~~~~~~~~~ Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He invented the Franklin Stove Q: Benjamin Franklin $200 A: 2160 people at a time could ride on this at the 1893 Chicago world's fair Q: Ferris Wheel $300 A: Edison suggested it be used to record phone calls & make clocks talk Q: Phonograph $400 A: The first patent issued to more than one person went to Howe, Hunt & Singer for this Q: Sewing Machine $500 A: He invented the Polaroid camera introduced in 1947 Q: Edwin Land ~~~~~~~~~~ Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It is generally believed that gunpowder was invented in this country Q: China $200 A: Himself blind, he modified a military secret code to invent writing for the blind Q: Louis Braille $300 A: Willis Carrier's 1902 invention Q: Air Conditioner $400 A: Not surprisingly, he invented the disposable blade safety razor Q: King Gillette $500 A: Though his name is also associated with blades, he invented the electric shaver Q: Jacob Schick ~~~~~~~~~ Inventors ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Despite only 3 months of formal schooling, he patented 1,093 inventions Q: Thomas Alva Edison $200 A: Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes out of remorse for having invented this Q: Dynamite $300 A: Inventor of the revolver, his "peacemaker" helped win the west Q: Samuel Colt $400 A: Unable to make money on his patent for vulcanized rubber, he died $200,000 in debt Q: Charles Goodyear $500 A: Italian inventor of the thermometer, better known as an astronomer of the renaissance Q: Galileo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Inventors & Inventions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The "Book of Inventions" says the rolex "oyster" was the 1st watch that was completely this Q: Waterproof $200 A: In 1948, Peter Goldmark devised this, usually abbreviated "LP" Q: Long-Playing Record $300 A: It's claimed element no. 102 was 1st isolated at the Swedish Institute named for this inventor Q: Alfred Nobel $400 A: As a teenager, he invented an automatic surgical stapler, & later perfected an artificial heart Q: Dr. Robert Jarvik $500 A: In the 18th century, this city in England produced the 1st steel razors Q: Sheffield ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Largest island off Alaska's Pacific coast; the largest bear on Earth lives on & is named after it Q: Kodiak Island $200 A: Papuans call this large island home Q: New Guinea $300 A: Site of heavy action in WW II, the very small island of Corregidor is part of this country Q: The Philippines $400 A: European country whose explorers discovered Borneo & the Madeiras about 500 years ago Q: Portugal $500 A: The island of Eniwetok & the Bikini Atoll are part of this Pacific island group Q: Marshall Islands ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st communist state in the western hemisphere Q: Cuba $200 A: In 1953, it was declared an integral part of Denmark Q: Greenland $300 A: Island country where you'll find the Maoris speaking Maori Q: New Zealand $400 A: While Big Diomede belongs to Russia, Little Diomede belongs to this country Q: United States $500 A: Japan's largest city, highest mountain & largest lake are located on this, its largest island Q: Honshu ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Papillon, the French "butterfly," was netted and imprisoned on this island Q: Devil's Island $200 A: A cloud of ash circled the Earth when most of this volcanic island was obliterated in an 1883 explosion Q: Krakatoa $300 A: Its name is Spanish for "pelican" but its inhabitants called it "the rock" Q: Alcatraz $400 A: This African island, home to most of the world's lemurs, was once a base for Captain Kidd Q: Madagascar $500 A: Point Udall, in this island group, is called the easternmost American point in the Western Hemisphere Q: Virgin Islands ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The name of this atoll is synonymous with atomic blasts & atom-sized swimsuits Q: Bikini $200 A: Caribbean group between St. Vincent & Grenada Q: Grenadines $300 A: The only New York City borough not on an island Q: The Bronx $400 A: Campobello Island, FDR's summer home, is in this country Q: Canada $500 A: A visit to this Ecuadorian island group inspired Darwin's research Q: Galapagos ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: State where you can "lei" in the sun Q: Hawaii $200 A: An Indonesian island or slang for coffee Q: Java $300 A: Original nest of Sam Spade's falcon Q: Malta $400 A: Herve Villechaize used to hang out on this TV island, boss Q: Fantasy Island $500 A: Sir Lanka's old name that didn't suit it to a "tea" Q: Ceylon ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York's boroughs of Brooklyn & Queens are on this island Q: Long Island $200 A: There are actually over 1700 in this St. Lawrence River group Q: Thousands Islands $300 A: State named after a Greek island Q: Rhode Island $400 A: In the late '50's China shelled the islands of Quemoy & Matsu which belong to this country Q: Taiwan $500 A: Animal for which the Canary Islands are named Q: Dog ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Kitty Hawk, site of the 1st airplane flight, is on Bodie Island in this state Q: North Carolina $200 A: It's West, not "East of Java" Q: Krakatoa $300 A: Victoria is the main city on this island in British Columbia Q: Vancouver $400 A: The largest island city in Texas Q: Galveston $500 A: West Indian island that's the home of the limbo dance & calypso music Q: Trinidad ~~~~~ Italy ~~~~~ $100 A: Oddly, most Italian communists are still member of this religion Q: Roman Catholic $200 A: French emperor who redesigned the Italian flag to resemble his own Q: Napoleon $300 A: This 23-square mile republic is located completely with Italy, NW of Rome Q: San Marino $400 A: For 5 years this Italian revolutionary lived in Staten Island, New York Q: Garibaldi $500 A: Ironically, he was named after Mexican liberator Juarez Q: Benito Mussolini ~~~~~~~~~~ Journalism ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It claims to provide "all the news that's fit to print" Q: New York Times $200 A: Syndicated advice columnist whose poll indicated 72% of women prefer cuddling to love making Q: Ann Landers $300 A: "Jingo Journalism" promoted our going to war against this country in 1898 Q: Spain $400 A: Newsweek commented on "the power of the press" when Barbara Bain's dog was killed by a copy of this heavy paper Q: Los Angeles Times $500 A: The Chicago Daily Defender & the L.A. Sentinel are aimed primarily at these readers Q: Blacks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kiddie Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After the ogre turned himself into one of these, puss in boots ate him Q: Mouse $200 A: He was "bred and born in a brier patch" Q: Brer Rabbit $300 A: In the Hans Christian Andersen Tale, she was born inside a tulip-like flower Q: Thumbelina $400 A: One version say she slept in the hearth; another, that she used to sit in the chimney corner Q: Cinderella $500 A: Where 3 darling children & Peter Pan "always always" fly Q: Never-Never Land ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kiddie Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's Theodor Geisel's middle name, as the cat in the hat could tell you Q: Seuss $200 A: In "Sing a Song of Sixpence," one of these snapped off the maid's nose Q: Blackbird $300 A: He was carved out of a stick of talking wood found by Master Cherry Q: Pinocchio $400 A: 1st book in Latin to make the U.S. best-seller lists was a translation of this A.A. Milne classic Q: Winnie the Pooh $500 A: If you "ride a cockhorse to Banbury Cross," you're see this "upon a white horse" Q: Fine Lady ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kiddie Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Born to human parents, E.B. White's Stuart Little is this kind of animal Q: Mouse $200 A: The emperor's new clothes were made of this Q: Nothing $300 A: Fabulous Lion of children's books by C.S. Lewis Q: Aslan $400 A: In the story he traded his cat for a treasure; in reality he was a 3-term lord mayor of London Q: Dick Whittington $500 A: When this bunny stated, "you should say what you mean," Alice replied, "at least I mean what I say" Q: March Hare ~~~~~~~~~ Kid Stuff ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Pied Piper's tune lured the children from this town Q: Hamelin $200 A: As cubs are to scouts, as brownies are to Girl Scouts, these are to Camp Fire Girls Q: Blue Birds $300 A: Its championship games are held in Williamsport, PA, where it was founded Q: Little League $400 A: He was superboy's "dog of steel" Q: Krypto $500 A: When kids play this in England, they jump on 2 legs & hold the "puck" between their feet Q: Hopscotch ~~~~~~~~~~~ Kids' Books ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Walter Farley's series about an ebony equine Q: Black Beauty $200 A: Pen name for Theodore Geisel Q: Dr. Seuss $300 A: Reading his saga could become a "hobbit" Q: J.R.T. Tolkien $400 A: She's Carolyn Keene's sleuthing teen Q: Nancy Drew $500 A: She "blossomed" into adult literature with "wifey" in 1978 Q: Judy Blume ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kings & Queens ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hers was the longest reign in English history Q: Queen Victoria $200 A: To learn about building a navy, this "great' Czar worked as a ship carpenter in Holland Q: Peter the Great $300 A: Louis XVIII became king of France after this ruler's exile in 1814 Q: Napoleon Bonaparte $400 A: James II fled England in the "glorious revolution" of 1688, & they became joint sovereigns Q: William & Mary $500 A: Illiterate himself, this great Frankish ruler founded a palace school & attended it with his children Q: Charlemagne ~~~~~~~~~ Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Paris' cathedral of Notre Dame is on an island in this river Q: Seine $200 A: Number of pyramids at Giza in Egypt Q: 3 $300 A: "Here rests in honored glory an American soldier known but to God" is inscribed on the tomb of this Q: Unknown Soldier $400 A: This admiral's statue stands atop a column in London's Trafalgar square Q: Horatio Nelson $500 A: If you're standing on Mt. Fuji you're on this island Q: Honshu ~~~~~~~~~ Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: On the Vienna Memorial to this composer, the figures represent his 9 symphonies Q: Ludwig Von Beethoven $200 A: You have to lie down atop a castle & hang your head over the wall if you want to kiss this Q: Blarney Stone $300 A: In the 1830's, part of this palace became a museum dedicated "to all the glories of France" Q: Versailles $400 A: The coronation throne of England is in the chapel of Edward the confessor int his building Q: Westminster Abbey $500 A: This museum by the Hudson houses the Metropolitan museum's collection of medieval art Q: Cloisters ~~~~~~~~~ Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Topkapi Palace in this city boasts the world's finest collection of Chinese Porcelain Q: Istanbul $200 A: The Atomic Bomb Memorial Dome, a building left unrebuilt after WW II, is a peace symbol in this city Q: Hiroshima $300 A: The ancient & honorable artillery company, the oldest military org. in the U.S., meets in this Boston landmark Q: Faneuil Hall $400 A: The Spanish steps aren't in Madrid, but in this world capital Q: Rome $500 A: On 1/22/05 troops of Nicholas II shot 100's of demonstrators in front of this Leningrad landmark Q: Winter Palace ~~~~~~~~~ Languages ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The words boss, cookie dope & waffle came from these early settlers in what is now New York Q: Dutch $200 A: Khmer is the official language of this country Q: Kampuchea $300 A: Modern standard Chinese is usually called Northern Chinese or this Q: Mandarin Chinese $400 A: Erse was the Scottish form of this language Q: Gaelic $500 A: This word described a form of Latin once spoken in France; now it means any Latin-based tongue Q: Romance ~~~~~~~~~ Languages ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Flemish language of Flanders, Belgium is actually this language Q: Dutch $200 A: Our words alcohol, alfalfa & algebra come from this language in which "al" means "the" Q: Arabic $300 A: Most people on Gibraltar speak these 2 languages Q: English & Spanish $400 A: The great poet Rabindranath Tagore wrote in this language, most common in Bangladesh Q: Bengali $500 A: Revived in modern times, it's the only colloquial speech based on a written language Q: Hebrew ~~~~~~~~~ Languages ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The official language of Iraq Q: Arabic $200 A: This country's constitution recognizes 15 languages, including Urdu & Punjabi, but not English Q: India $300 A: Johanna Spyri wrote "Heidi" in this language Q: German $400 A: Guiness says the most multilingual person alive is Georges Schmidt former chief of terminology here Q: United Nations $500 A: The only Central American country that has English as an official language Q: Belize ~~~~~~~~~~ Last Lines ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jules Verne classic that closes, "only 2 men have the right to answer: Captain Nemo & myself" Q: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea $200 A: Film in which Edward G. Robinson's dying words are, "Mother of mercy, is this the end of Rico?" Q: Little Caesar $300 A: At the end of this beat classic, Jack Kerouac writes, "I think of dean Moriarty" Q: On the Road $400 A: "This is Ensign Pulver, now what's all this crap about no movie tonight?" Q: Mister Roberts $500 A: Character who asks at the close, "Eliza? Where the devil are my slippers?" Q: Professor Henry Higgins ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: A 2nd prosecution for the same offense, or the 2nd round of this game Q: Double Jeopardy $200 A: It's measured in degrees, all of which are deadly Q: Murder $300 A: An amendment is to the constitution as this is to a will Q: Codicil $400 A: To avoid litigation, this type of insurance or divorce avoids affixing blame Q: No-Fault $500 A: While a summons asks nicely, this demands you appearance in court Q: Subpoena ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: A law that sets a time frame for filing lawsuits or prosecuting crimes in a statute of these Q: Limitations $200 A: Testimony of a witness unable to appear in court is an affidavit or this Q: Deposition $300 A: Latin for "you shall have the body," its application protects against illegal imprisonment Q: Habeas Corpus $400 A: Under English law in the middle ages, these women couldn't be charged with crimes Q: Wives $500 A: An unwitnessed will written by a person in his own handwriting, from Greek for "writing" Q: Holographic Will ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: Works whose copyrights have expired have "fallen into" this Q: Public Domain $200 A: While slander is spoken, a case of defamatory words written or printed is called this Q: Libel $300 A: The only state whose basic law is not based on British common law but on the Napoleonic code Q: Louisiana $400 A: On the site of Newgate Prison, London's central criminal court is commonly called this Q: Old Bailey $500 A: The 1896 Plessy vs Ferguson decision declared this illegal Q: Segregation ~~~ Law ~~~ $100 A: An attorney named Scheuster probably inspired this nickname for a dishonest lawyer Q: Shyster $200 A: "Justice is incidental to law and order" said this former FBI chief Q: J. Edgar Hoover $300 A: Civil law in France & Louisiana is based on his code Q: Napoleon $400 A: Riparian rights pertain to the use of this substance Q: Water $500 A: Last name of the "Learned" judge who sat on the Federal bench longer than any other Q: Hand ~~~~~~~~~ Leftovers ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: All U.S. currency carries this motto Q: In God We Trust $200 A: Thomas Jefferson was our 1st president born under this sign, the 1st of the zodiac Q: Aries $300 A: The plot of this film comedy revolves around a coke bottle that is dropped from a plan over Botswana Q: The Gods Must Be Crazy $400 A: Long before baseball was invented, Indians built dugouts, which they used as these Q: Canoes $500 A: The Miss America pageant stopped giving this award for friendliness in 1974 Q: Miss Congeniality ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Letter Perfect ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: NBC sci-fi series about alien lizards invading earth Q: V $200 A: On TV, letter on miss Defazio's blouse Q: L $300 A: Letter reversed in the name of what a giraffe calls "the world's biggest toy store" Q: R $400 A: 1930 film where Peter Lorre plays a child murderer Q: M $500 A: In music, the seventh tone in the diatonic scale of C Q: B ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Literary Classics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Glumdalclitch was a friendly 9-year-old who took care of him in Brobdingnag Q: Lemuel Gulliver $200 A: This English author created Simon Tapertit, John Wemmick, Mr. Turveydrop & Mr. Tulkinghorn Q: Charles Dickens $300 A: Eugene O'Neill play about a black man who's managed to become ruler of a west Indian island Q: The Emperor Jones $400 A: King Priam's daughter, she was blessed with the gift of prophecy, but condemned by Apollo to be disbelieved Q: Cassandra $500 A: Among his characters are Charles Strickland, Philip Carey & Sadie Thompson Q: W. Somerset Maugham ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Literary Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Isn't it pretty to think so" is the last line of this author's "The Sun Also Rises" Q: Ernest Hemingway $200 A: T.S. Eliot wrote, "in the room the women come and go, talking of" this artist Q: Michelangelo $300 A: She said, "there's no room for deathless prose in the novel"; she proved it with "Valley of the Dolls" Q: Jacqueline Susann $400 A: Long before Perry Como sang "Put it in Your Pocket," Donne said, "go and catch it" Q: Falling Star $500 A: Witty woman who wrote "men seldom make passes at girls who wear glasses" Q: Dorothy Parker ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the novel, the strange "Portrait" of this man was painted by Basil Hallward Q: Dorigan Gray $200 A: The 1st appearance in print of this hard-boiled detective was in 1939 in "The Big Sleep" Q: Philip Marlowe $300 A: Lucie Manette is the heroine of this novel Q: A tale of two cities $400 A: In John Webster's play, a Steward named Antonio is secretly married to "The Duchess of" this Q: Malfi $500 A: Last name of Sinclair Lewis' title character Samuel, whose life is changed by a trip to Europe Q: Dodsworth ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Napoleon's invasion of Russia was the subject of this Tolstoy epic Q: War & Peace $200 A: He gave Walter Mitty a secret life Q: James Thurber $300 A: The long film "Apocalypse Now" was adapted from this short Joseph Conrad novel Q: Heart of Darkness $400 A: "Imperialist" author who coined the phrase "the sun never set on the British empire" Q: Rudyard Kipling $500 A: Ayn Rand's architect designed, then destroyed this title complex Q: The Fountainhead ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: To supplement his income, this M.D. wrote "a study in scarlet" Q: Arthur Conan Doyle $200 A: Pseudonym of poet George William Russell, or 1st initials of poet Housman Q: A.E. $300 A: Her father assumed the name Barrett when he inherited slave plantations in the West Indies Q: Elizabeth Barrett Browning $400 A: Angered by American piracies of his novels, he put down the U.S. in his "Martin Chuzzlewit" Q: Charles Dickens $500 A: His "modest proposal" of 1729 was to cure Ireland's overpopulation by using babies as food Q: Jonathan Swift ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The novel that features big brother, who's watching you Q: 1984 $200 A: Peg-legged pirate in "Treasure Island" Q: Long John Silver $300 A: Of bacon, hogg or lamb the one who wrote "a dissertation upon roast pig" Q: Lamb $400 A: Shakespearean comedy whose original title was said to be "the history of error" Q: The Comedy of Errors $500 A: Its sequels were "Men Against the Sea" and "Pitcairn's Island" Q: Mutiny on the Bounty ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Homeland of authors Goethe, Remarque & Schiller Q: Germany $200 A: While Edward Tudor is "the prince," Tom Canty is this other title character Q: Pauper $300 A: Philip Pirrip's nickname in Dickens' "Great Expectations" Q: Pip $400 A: She wrote "Ramona" out of concern for Native Americans Q: Helen Hunt Jackson $500 A: Author of "Madame Bovary," he was godfather to fellow writer Guy De Maupassant Q: Gustave Flaubert ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Author J.D. Wyss marooned this Swiss family on an island in 1813 Q: Robinsons $200 A: This play & film were based on Sholom Aleichem's tales of Tevye's daughters & Anatevka Q: The Fiddler on the Roof $300 A: Characters in this Dickens novel include Uriah Heep & Mr. Micawber Q: David Copperfield $400 A: It was the woman's gift to her husband in "The Gift of the Magi" Q: Watch Fob $500 A: Last name of Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy & Marmee in "Little Women" Q: March ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Alan Paton's "Cry the Beloved Country" is about race relations in this country Q: South Africa $200 A: Yiddish fabulist, the son & grandson of Rabbis Q: Isaac Bashevis Singer $300 A: Sisters Vanessa Bell & Virginia Woolf once lived on this London square which gave its name to a literary group Q: Bloomsbury $400 A: Amandine Aurore Dupin & Mary Ann Evans both chose literary Noms De Plume beginning with this male name Q: George $500 A: Shakespearean "mistress" who appears in "Henry IV," "Henry V," & "The Merry Wives of Windsor" Q: Quickly ~~~~~~~~~~ Literature ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In his will, he left all his possessions to his "friend & benefactor, Edward Hyde" Q: Doctor Henry Jekyll $200 A: This dashing Margaret Mitchell character has been called "the most famous Charlestonian" Q: Rhett Butler $300 A: Poe wrote "The Thousand and Second Tale of" this "Arabian Nights" character Q: Scheherazade $400 A: Though Jay Gatsby loved her, she was "chain"ed to Tom Buchanan Q: Daisy Buchanan $500 A: Her last words to Alice were "off with her head" Q: Queen of Hearts ~~~~~~ London ~~~~~~ $100 A: Metropolitan London's police department Q: Scotland Yard $200 A: From the London borough of Hackney, a horse or person for hire Q: Hack $300 A: Previously a fortress, a palace & a prison, it now houses England's crown jewels Q: Tower of London $400 A: Outside the U.S., this airport is the world's busiest Q: Heathrow $500 A: Those born within the sound of the bells of St. Mary-Le-Bow are called these Q: Cockneys ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Experimental animal whose name has come to mean the subject of any experiment Q: Guinea Pig $200 A: Wild Aussie dog who feeds on the wallaby Q: Dingo $300 A: This rodent's name is German for "Hoarder" since he hoards food in his cheeks & storage chamber Q: Hamster $400 A: Sleepy "Alice in Wonderland" partygoer who was served as delicacy at Roman parties Q: Dormouse $500 A: When the males spar with one another, it's called "Necking" Q: Giraffes ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Warner Brothers' fragrant version is Pepe Le Pew Q: Skunk $200 A: Only mammal mothers produce this for their young Q: Milk $300 A: Prominent facial feature of the proboscis monkey Q: Nose $400 A: Opossums are the only members of this family of mammals native to N. America Q: Marsupials $500 A: Term describing bears or any animal which eats both meat & plants Q: Omnivorous ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Romans called this African beast a "tiger horse" Q: Zebra $200 A: The only flying mammal Q: Bat $300 A: A black panther is really the black version of this cat Q: Leopard $400 A: It plays dead to escape predators, but one was close friends with an alligator Q: Possum $500 A: The "blue" species of this mammal generates up to 500 H.P. with its tail Q: Whale ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: In poor light, this sense in cats can be 6 times sharper than man's Q: Sight $200 A: Though classed as carnivores, these black & white "bears" primarily eat bamboo shoots Q: Pandas $300 A: Porpoises are the smallest toothed varieties of these Q: Whales $400 A: 1 variety of these armored creatures can be 5 feet long & weight 120 pounds Q: Armadillos $500 A: Female rabbits mate within 12 hours after each repetition of this life cycle event Q: Giving Birth ~~~~~~~ Mammals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though closely related to rabbits, they are generally larger & have longer ears Q: Hares $200 A: Livestock, not humans, are the most common victims of these bats who feed on blood Q: Vampire Bats $300 A: The females of this mammal order found mainly in Australia have twin wombs & birth passages Q: Marsupials $400 A: In Pierre Boulle's "Planet of the Apes," Zira & Cornelius are this type of ape Q: Chimpanzee $500 A: Deepest divers of all whales, this kind has been found at depths of 3,700 ft. Q: Sperm Whales ~~~~~~~~~~ Mark Twain ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His celebrated jumper from Calaveras country was one of these Q: Frog $200 A: The full name Twain's mother gave him Q: Samuel Langhorne Clemens $300 A: Huck Finn swore he'd never betray this runaway slave Q: Jim $400 A: It appeared in the skies the year he was born and the year he died Q: Halley's Comet $500 A: According to Twain, "the only animal that blushes... or needs to" Q: Man ~~~~ Math ~~~~ $100 A: The total price, in dollars and cents, of 5 "2-bit" haircuts Q: 1.25 $200 A: Total number of humps of 1 bactarian camel & 2 dromedaries Q: 4 $300 A: A googol is the number written as 1 followed by this many zeros Q: 100 $400 A: 1.73 is the approximate square root of this number Q: 3 $500 A: The next number in the series of 1, 3, 6, 10 Q: 15 ~~~~~~~~~~~ Mathematics ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the inverse of multiplication Q: Division $200 A: Unit of area used for sizes as small as the cross sections of an atom, it'd be tough to hit the broadside of one Q: Barn $300 A: It's a straight line having 1 point in common with a curve; you might go off on one Q: Tangent $400 A: Fulling spelling of the trigonometric function commonly abbreviated as "sin" Q: Sine $500 A: From Latin for "mother," it's the term for a rectangular array of numbers Q: Matrix ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Medical Myths ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Time, not this ground "stay-awake" drink, sobers people up Q: Coffee $200 A: Fried food or this candy bar staple do not really cause acne Q: Chocolate $300 A: Triggering stomach acid, milk can actually irritate, not soothe this stomach disorder Q: Ulcer $400 A: There is no real proof that eating this glutinous material makes nails strong Q: Gelatin $500 A: Taking salt tablets in hot weather may harm these renal organs Q: Kidneys ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Favorite Soap Opera disease characterized by memory loss Q: Amnesia $200 A: To a layman, it's "Lockjaw" Q: Tetanus $300 A: 2-letter "Factor" inherited in blood cells Q: RH $400 A: British sailors were called "Limeys" for the fruit they ate to ward off this disease Q: Scurby $500 A: From Latin "To please," medicine given just to humor a patient Q: Placebo ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: What you are if you're myopic Q: Nearsighted $200 A: Ancient Chinese method of "needling" you into good health Q: Acupuncture $300 A: Doctors swear by his Greek oath Q: Hippocrates $400 A: A myocardial infarction is commonly known as this Q: Heart Attack $500 A: Miracle drug accidentally discovered in Alexander Fleming's petri dish Q: Penicillin ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Resistance to a particular disease, or exemption from prosecution Q: Immunity $200 A: Term for someone who receives treatment through hospital facilities, but doesn't stay there Q: Outpatient $300 A: Called the fontanel, it's where a baby's skull has yet to fust firmly Q: Soft Spot $400 A: Medicines sold by descriptive or chemical names, not by brand Q: Generic Drugs $500 A: Disease whose medical name is "Rubella" Q: German Measles ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Feared symptom of tetanus, it's become another name for it Q: Lockjaw $200 A: Greek physician who coined "chronic," "relapse" & "convalesce" Q: Hippocrates $300 A: Anti-malarial drug present in tonic water Q: Quinine $400 A: This Italian drew the 1st accurate drawings of the human anatomy in the late 1440's Q: Leonardo Da Vinci $500 A: Term for the scientific study of disease developed during the 1800's Q: Pathology ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Yellow fever & malaria are transmitted by these insects Q: Mosquitoes $200 A: Louis Pasteur developed an immunization for this diseas, aka hydrophobia Q: Rabies $300 A: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is better known as the disease which killed this ballplayer Q: Lou Gehrig $400 A: Though ether has discovered long before, it wasn't until the 19th century that it was used for this Q: Anesthesia $500 A: In 1895, Iowa merchant Daniel Palmer founded a form of this physical therapy which means "hand effective" Q: Chiropractic ~~~~~~~~ Medicine ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A patient who is febrile has one of these Q: Fever $200 A: A recent study indicates that working long hours at these computer stations may cause vision problems Q: Video Data Terminals $300 A: The saphenous vein, located in this part of the body, has been commonly used in bypass surgery Q: Leg $400 A: A deficiency of this vitamin is a cause of night blindness, so eat your carrots Q: Vitamin A $500 A: Named for a Connecticut town, this disease is transmitted by ticks Q: Lyme Disease ~~~~~~ Mexico ~~~~~~ $100 A: From French for "marriage," it's a strolling group of troubadours Q: Mariachis $200 A: Aztecs founded the city of Tenochtitlan on the site where they saw an eagle with this in its beak Q: Snake $300 A: The political foe of Santa Anna 1st met him while waiting on him in a restaurant Q: Benito Juarez $400 A: Taxco, where all buildings must be in colonial style, is famed for products made of this Q: Silver $500 A: Though left with only 3 men, Pancho Villa successfully eluded this American general Q: John Pershing ~~~~~~ Mexico ~~~~~~ $100 A: Most widely grown crop in Mexico Q: Corn $200 A: In the 19th century, Mexico lost over a half million square miles of territory to this country Q: United States $300 A: Former president Lopez Portillo traces his ancestry back to a soldier who came with this Spaniard Q: Cortes $400 A: Cinco De Mayo commemorates the Mexican defeat of this country's army Q: France $500 A: Though a major exporter of this product, Mexico isn't an OPEC member Q: Oil ~~~~~~~~~~~ Middle East ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Saudi Arabia has provided asylum to this former Ugandan dictator Q: Idi Amin $200 A: On January 16, 1979, he & his family left Iran on a "vacation" from which they never returned Q: The Shah $300 A: This controversial area occupied by Israel since 1967 is just over half the size of Los Angeles county Q: West Bank $400 A: While King Hussein rules Jordan, Saddam Hussein leads this neighboring country Q: Iraq $500 A: This Sheikdon's people pay no taxes & both medical care & the local amusement park are free Q: Kuwait ~~~~~~~~~~~ Missourians ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Branson, Missouri's annual "Kewpiesta" celebration honors Rose O'Neill, who created this Q: Kewpie Doll $200 A: A restored courtroom in independence features a multimedia show based on his life Q: Harry S Truman $300 A: Carthage was home to Belle Starr of the Wild West & this star of "Wild Kingdom" Q: Marlon Perkins $400 A: You can tour the home near Kearney where he was born & the house in St. Joseph where he was shot Q: Jesse James $500 A: The 2nd most famous resident of Hannibal, she survived a shipwreck & inspired a musical Q: The Unsinkable Molly Brown ~~~~~~~~ Monarchs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The notorious Torquemada led the Spanish inquisition while this couple ruled Spain Q: Ferdinand & Isabella $200 A: In 1974, this Emperor of Ethopia was deposed Q: Haile Selassie $300 A: Kaiser Wilhelm II was German Emperor & King of Prussia until forced to abdicate at the end of this war Q: World War I $400 A: She was Empress of Russia during the American Revolution Q: Catherine the Great $500 A: When the great Aztec Emperor Montezuma died in 1520, this man was alive & kicking & King of England Q: Henry VIII ~~~~~~~ Monkeys ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Experiments with this Asian monkey led to the discovery of the RH factor Q: Rhesus Monkey $200 A: Though the fruit of the baobab tree is called this, it's not really the Simian Staff of Life Q: Monkey Bread $300 A: The male of this species has a red nose & blue cheeks Q: Mandrill $400 A: Monkeys, like man, belong to this highest order of mammals Q: Primates $500 A: The rock of Gibraltar is home to this "Ape," the only wild monkey still living in Europe Q: Barbary Ape ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mother Goose ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Old Mother Goose, when she wanted to wander, would ride through the air on a very fine" one of these Q: Gander $200 A: Not Horatio, but this character was a horn blower--when awake, that is Q: Little Boy Blue $300 A: One of the 2 groups that failed in their attempt to reassemble Humpty Dumpty Q: The King's Horses $400 A: Simple Simon went fishing in a pail to catch one of these Q: Whale $500 A: In the 2nd verse of "Sing a Song of Sixpence," the king was here, totaling up his assets Q: Counting House ~~~~~~~~~ Mountains ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hannibal & his Punic war pachyderms crossed these into Italy Q: Alps $200 A: Disney made it the highest peak in Anaheim Q: Matterhorn $300 A: Mountain where Iran, Russia & Turkey meet & Noah's Ark supposedly landed Q: Mount Ararat $400 A: This range starts with the Sangre De Cristo in New Mexico & ends with the Brooks Range in Alaska Q: Rocky Mountains $500 A: Mt. Erebus, the world's most southerly known active volcano, is on this continent Q: Antarctica ~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Math ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The 5000 fingers of dr t" minus "5 easy pieces" Q: 4995 $200 A: Sum of the digits in "THX-1138" Q: 13 $300 A: "10 North Frederick" divided by "2 for the road" times "3 days of the condor" Q: 15 $400 A: Highest common denominator of "48 hours" & "16 candles" Q: 16 $500 A: "The faces of Dr. Lao" plus "the faces of eve" Q: 10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Monsters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the 1976 remake, he fell from the World Trade Center Q: King Kong $200 A: In Japan, he's known as "Gojira" Q: Godzilla` $300 A: In "Young Frankenstein" he put on the Ritz as Frankenstein's monster Q: Peter Boyle $400 A: Bram Stoker popularized this monster, the one most often portrayed in movies Q: Dracula $500 A: These giant insects were the title monsters in "Them" Q: Ants ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After killing a union soldier, this character says, "I'll think about that tomorrow" Q: Scarlett O'Hara $200 A: Actor so good in "This Gun for Hire" he was asked to "Come Back" in "Shane" Q: Alan Ladd $300 A: Ruby Keeler wa told in this film, "you're going out a youngster, but you've got to come back a star" Q: 42nd Street $400 A: In this film, Robby Benson says, "we forgot about the flowers" to blind skater Holly Johnson Q: Ice Castles $500 A: Film of theater life in which Katharine Hepburn croons, "the balla lilies are in bloom again" Q: Stage Door ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Actress who spoke the immortal line, "love is never having to say you're sorry" Q: Ali McGraw $200 A: Disney film in which you'd find the song "Feed the Birds" Q: Mary Poppins $300 A: Actor who captained "the mean machine" in "The Longest Yard" Q: Burt Reynolds $400 A: Movie whose sequel was "Class of '44" Q: Summer of '42 $500 A: "Moonlighting" star who was the voice of the baby in "Look Who's Talking" Q: Bruce Willis ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1990, Warren Beatty played this comic strip detective Q: Dick Tracy $200 A: Phileas Fogg's global travels took this amount of time Q: Eighty Days $300 A: Line frequently misquoted from "Casablanca," it became the title of a Woody Allen movie Q: Play it Again, Sam $400 A: David O. Selznick spent $92,000 & interviewed 1,400 candidates to fill this role Q: Scarlett O'Hara $500 A: This Howard Hughes film starring Jane Russell was the 1st to challenge the Hays Production code Q: The Outlaw ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was Jerome Littlefield, "the disorderly orderly" Q: Jerry Lewis $200 A: The 1st film featuring father Flanagan Q: Boys Town $300 A: The unofficial inspiration for TV's "Happy Days," this film asked, "where were you in '62?" Q: American Graffiti $400 A: It was Noman Bates' Hobby in "psycho" so don't tell him to "stuff it" Q: Taxidermy $500 A: He played Mr. Miniver to Greer Garson's "Mrs. Miniver" Q: Walter Pidgeon ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A hand injury kept Frank Sinatra from playing this role, so Clint Eastwood copped it Q: Dirty Harry $200 A: He founded Utah's Sundance Institute, which encourages the work of independent filmmakers Q: Robert Redford $300 A: This famous female flyer was once the aviation editor of cosmopolitan Q: Amelia Earhart $400 A: The person who played the title role in the 1971 film "Klute" Q: Donald Sutherland $500 A: Romantic comedy in which Kookey Audrey Hepburn was secretly married to Buddy Ebsen & has a cat named Cat Q: Breakfast at Tiffany's ~~~~~~~ Museums ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The nightgown Barbara Mandrell wore on her wedding night is displayed in her museum in this city Q: Nashville $200 A: City whose museum of the confederacy adjoins the White House of the confederacy Q: Richmond $300 A: An entire museum in this city is devoted to 40's movie star Carmen Miranda, as The Cariocas could tell you Q: Rio De Janeiro $400 A: The Stuhr Museum in Nebraska displays the cottage in which this "Grapes of Wrath" star was born Q: Henry Fonda $500 A: This New York City Arts Museum was founded by & named for Gloria Vanderbilt's aunt Q: Whitney Museum ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: 4th note of the musical scale, it's "a long long way to run" Q: Fa $200 A: Piano style sprung from the blues, it describes Bette's "bugle boy" Q: Boogie-Woogie $300 A: Tyrolean trick of moving the voice from natural to Falsetto Q: Yodeling $400 A: The male voice range lower than tenor & higher than bass Q: Baritone $500 A: Italian for "first lady," the leading opera singer in a company Q: Prima Donna ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: In writing the light opera "El Capitan," this "March King" wrote a march of the same name Q: John Philip Sousa $200 A: You hold your lips the same way to play a brass instrument or this exotic shell Q: Conch Shell $300 A: While rooted in spirituals, as a distinct style this date only from the 1930's Q: Gospel Music $400 A: A song from the musical "I do, I do," or a line from the 23rd psalm Q: My Cup Runneth Over $500 A: Both "Rhapsody in Blue" & "The Grand Canyon Suite" were composed for this popular, rotund bandleader Q: Paul Whiteman ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: Beethoven wrote 3 equale compositions for 4 of these instruments, not 76 Q: Trombones $200 A: German for "song collection," it's also the name of a soft cheese resembling a mild limburger Q: Liederkranz $300 A: French for "study," it's an instrumental piece designed to improve a player's technique Q: Etude $400 A: As a reed instrument, it's played with the mouth; made of glass, it's played with wet fingers or mallets Q: Harmonica $500 A: Chopin wrote over 50 of these Polish folk dances performed by 4 or 8 couples Q: Mazurkas ~~~~~ Music ~~~~~ $100 A: Anna's choreographic invitation to the king of Siam Q: Shall We Dance $200 A: First name of composers Liszt, Haydn & schubert Q: Franz $300 A: This word, the plural of "opus," also means a drama that's sung Q: Opera $400 A: He was inspired by East Indian dance to write "begin the beguine" Q: Cole Porter $500 A: "Donkey," "Moonlight," & "For Strings," for example Q: Serenades ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Astronomy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Francis Scott key wrote it Q: Star-Spangled Banner $200 A: Tevye's Dawn to Dusk lament of time passing Q: Sunrise, Sunset $300 A: In 1983, it happened to the sun & Bonnie Tyler's heart Q: Total Eclipse $400 A: Grace slick has rejoined this "aireborne" band Q: Jefferson Starship $500 A: "Hair's" "Gliddy Glup Glop, Nibby Nabby Noopy, La La La Lo Lo" Q: Good Morning Starshine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Instruments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "Joshua," Thomas Morell wrote, "See! The conquering hero comes! Sound" these Q: The Trumpets $200 A: You won't get bad "Vibes" listening to Lionel Hampton play this instrument Q: Vibraphone $300 A: The descant or soprano is the most popular size of this instrument, often the 1st a child learns Q: Recorder $400 A: A band in Japanese Noh Theater consists of a flute & 3 of these Q: Drums $500 A: On a standard guitar, the strings stretch from the bridge to these Q: Tuning Pegs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Instruments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Goodman's "licorice stick" Q: Clarinet $200 A: Afro-Cuban "skins" that kept the beat for beatnik poetry Q: Bongo Drums $300 A: Percussive "plates" that serve up a din Q: Cymbals $400 A: Ravi Shankar inspired George Harrison to use this instrument with the Beatles Q: Sitar $500 A: Plucked instrument brought to the U.S. by slaves, now a fixture in bluegrass Q: Banjo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Musical Instruments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The shakuhachi & samisen are instruments of this country Q: Japan $200 A: "X" marks the spot in the encyclopedia where you'll find this instrument, the only 1 commonly under "x" Q: Xylophone $300 A: Russian lute shaped like a triangle, it's also popular with gypsies Q: Balalaika $400 A: Their music, which might be the oldest still played, is played on instruments like the didgeridoo Q: Aborigines $500 A: Tone quality is set on this "wind" instrument by depressing tabs or by pulling out stop knobs Q: Organ ~~~~~~~~ Musicals ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It opens with Tevye Touting "tradition" Q: Fiddler on the Roof $200 A: John Van Druten's "I am a camera" developed into this musical picture of pre-war Germany Q: Cabaret $300 A: George M. Cohan played this president in "I'd rather be right" Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt $400 A: A Pulitzer-prize winning book by James Michener became this Pulitzer-prize winning show Q: South Pacific $500 A: Gene Kelly originally played this title cad who "bewitched, bothered & bewildered" the ladies Q: Pal Joey ~~~~~~~~~ Mythology ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A "complex" man: loved mom, killed dad Q: Oedipus $200 A: January was named for this 2-faced god Q: Janus $300 A: The goddess of victory, now the name of a major athletic shoe company Q: Nike $400 A: The only god in common to the Greeks, the Romans & NASA Q: Apollo $500 A: Sister of Orestes, mourning became her Q: Electra ~~~~~~~~~ Mythology ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cerberus, guardian of hell, is a monster version of this household pet Q: Dog $200 A: She was so ugly, she not only turned men off, she turned them to stone Q: Medusa $300 A: This winged horse is a constellation & Mobil's System Q: Pegasus $400 A: Tormenting bird with a woman's head whose name means a shrewish woman Q: Harpy $500 A: A hoofed & horned beast or an oversexed male Q: Satyr ~~~~~ Myths ~~~~~ $100 A: Jupiter himself was said to have founded this sports event which was 1st repeated in 5-year cycles Q: Olympics $200 A: Pliny said it had the body "of a horse.. head of a deer, feet of an elephant, and a single black horn" Q: Unicorn $300 A: Son of Poseidon who hunts in the night sky Q: Orion $400 A: Greek goddess who personifies the soul, her name now means soul or mind Q: Psyche $500 A: Mythology expert who explained "the Greek way" & "the Roman way" Q: Edith Hamilton ~~~~~~~~~ Namesakes ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Stuffed toy named for president Roosevelt Q: Teddy Bear $200 A: Thinned-down perfume was first made in this German city Q: Cologne $300 A: To protest against hoop skirts, this magazine editor gave her name to women's pantaloons Q: Amelia Bloomer $400 A: Wild west gambling game named for the Egyptian kings on old playing cards Q: Faro $500 A: Eleanor Porter heroine whose name is synonymous with an unrealistic optimist Q: Pollyanna ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ National Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It came from France to harbor America's freedom Q: Statue of Liberty $200 A: When he was home, George Washington slept here Q: Mt Vernon $300 A: This "Cornerstone" of Massachusetts bears the date 1620 Q: Plymouth Rock $400 A: Building where John Hancock signed his "John Hancock" Q: Independence Hall $500 A: D.C. building shaken by Nov. '83 bomb blast Q: Capitol ~~~~~~ Nature ~~~~~~ $100 A: The larvae of moths & butterflies Q: Caterpillars $200 A: Type of plant such as cactus & aloe, this name means "juicy" Q: Succulent $300 A: Owls depend on their keep sense of sight & this to hunt Q: Hearing $400 A: Tropical woods with at least 100 inches of precipitation annually Q: Rain Forest $500 A: Collective name of the 3 kinds of North American wild sheep Q: Bighorn ~~~~~~~~~~~ Netherlands ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Today very few Hollanders can be found clompin' around in these "klompen" Q: Wooden Shoes $200 A: As of June 1989, 2.26 of these equaled 1 American Dollar Q: Guilders $300 A: Until the 1700's, this city was noted for its fine blue patterned china Q: Delft $400 A: Queen Juliana's daughter, she is the present queen of the Netherlands Q: Beatrix $500 A: The 1975 independence of this S. American colony caused mass emigration to the Netherlands Q: Surinam ~~~~~~~~~~~ New England ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This New England state is about the same size as the other 5 combined Q: Maine $200 A: Shortest state motto, "Hope!," appropriately belongs to this New England state Q: Rhode Island $300 A: The last president born in New England Q: George Bush $400 A: In '64, it became the 1st in the nation to have a state lottery Q: New Hampshire $500 A: Sikorsky built the 1st 1-rotor helicopter in this state, which still makes the most helicopters Q: Connecticut ~~~~~~~~~~~ New Orleans ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Fat Tuesday" festivities Q: Mardi Gras $200 A: A section of the city called Algiers is located on the west bank of this river Q: Mississippi $300 A: Brand of jazz played by Al Hirt & Pete fountain Q: Dixieland $400 A: Stadium where the "saints" go marching in Q: Superdome $500 A: The French quarter's coffee, made with this root, is bitter, but smooth Q: Chicory ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ New York City ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: New York City's "fruity" nickname Q: Big Apple $200 A: Over the years, there have been 3 different indoor sports arenas called by this name Q: Madison Square Garden $300 A: Though part of NYC, Liberty Island is within the terrirotial waters of this state Q: New Jersey $400 A: Handsome mayor of New York from 1966-74, he called it "Fun City" Q: John Lindsay $500 A: In 1977, its twin towers replaced the Empire State Building as the city's tallest Q: World Trade Center ~~~~~~~~~ Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When this actor was a child, he was nicknamed after his dog, Duke Q: John Wayne $200 A: Mighty man "at the bat" or engineer John Jones Q: Casey $300 A: The robin hood of modern crime, Simon Templar Q: Saint $400 A: The shape of the original coke bottle & the WWII life preserver were named for her Q: Mae West $500 A: Nickname of gangster Benjamin Siegel, but his friends never called him it Q: Bugsy ~~~~~~~~~ Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: English sailors were nicknamed this from the fruit they ate to prevent scurvy Q: Limeys $200 A: One source we have call Betty Grable the "no. 1" this, while another hangs it on Dorothy Lamour Q: Pin Up Girl $300 A: Supreme court justice known as "whizzer" Q: Byron White $400 A: During the 1950's, this 5'4" blonde was known as "the singing rage" Q: Patti Page $500 A: U.S. general who was called "The Napoleon of Luzon" & "The Beau Brummel of the army" Q: Douglas MacArthur ~~~~~~~~~ Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Not Ronald Reagan's nationality, but his boyhood nickname Q: Dutch $200 A: The "cooperative for American relief everywhere" is better known by this name Q: Care $300 A: Name Indians gave the cavalry because they carried swords Q: Long Knives $400 A: Janis Joplin's nickname & her posthumous album Q: Pearl $500 A: Her mother, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, called her "Lilibet" Q: Queen Elizabeth II ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ North American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1949 Costa Rica's constitution abolished this, replacing it with a small civil guard Q: Army $200 A: Between his teams as Cuba's leader, Fulgencio Batista lived for a while in this U.S. state Q: Florida $300 A: In 1903, Panama proclaimed its independence from this adjacent country Q: Colombia $400 A: Barons, Earls, Viscounts & 1 woman, Jeanne Sauve, have all been governors general of this country Q: Canada $500 A: Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Milina was a dictator of this island country for 3 decades until his 1961 assassination Q: The Dominican Republic ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ North American Mountains ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1981, the U.S. geological survey published a post-eruption map of this mountain Q: Mount Saint Helens $200 A: This mountain range occupies 1/6 of California & contains 3 national parks Q: Sierra Navada $300 A: Located in Washington, the greatest U.S. single peak glacier system radiates from it Q: Mount Rainier $400 A: The highest mountain in Canada Q: Mount Logan $500 A: Jackson Hole is a 7,000 ft. high valley in this Wyoming range of the rockies Q: Tetons ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Notable Animals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Siam, the 1st of this cat breed in the U.S., was a gift to president Hayes in 1878 Q: Siamese $200 A: Buddy, the 1st dog trained as 1 of these helpers, came to the U.S. in 1928 Q: Seeing Eye Dog $300 A: In 1961, Enos, who was one of these, orbited the Earth Q: Chimpanzee $400 A: Ralphie, the female buffalo mascot of the U. of Colorado, was so popular she was elected this Q: Homecoming Queen $500 A: In 1947, "Islero," a fierce bull, killed & was killed by him, perhaps the world's greatest bullfighter Q: Mandlete ~~~~~~~~~ Notorious ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fairy tale animal usually referred to as "big" and "bad" Q: Wolf $200 A: Nosferatu, Dracula & Barnabas Q: Vampires $300 A: Manuel Noriega, indicted in the U.S. on numerous charges, was once the dictator of this Latin country Q: Panama $400 A: He shot the man who shot J.F.K. Q: Jack Ruby $500 A: The accused in this city's trials included Von Ribbentrop, Goerring & Hess Q: Nuremberg ~~~~~~~~~ Notorious ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It was probably a lyre, not a fiddle, if he played it while Rome burned Q: Nero $200 A: His book, translated as "My Struggle," outlined plans to conquer Europe Q: Adolf Hitler $300 A: Lenin called him ruthless, & his purges proved he was Q: Joseph Stalin $400 A: He was both an American & British general in the Revolutionary War Q: Benedict Arnold $500 A: This man who ruled Uganda from 1971-79 is now believed to live in Saudi Arabia Q: Idi Amin ~~~~~~ Novels ~~~~~~ $100 A: The last name of sisters Amy, Beth, Jo, & Meg Q: March $200 A: This novel concludes, "after all, tomorrow is another day" Q: Gone with the Wind $300 A: "Tom Sawyer" character who might lend you a fiver Q: Huckleberry Finn $400 A: Thorton Wilder novel that delves into the lives of 5 travelers who fall to their deaths in Peru Q: The Bridge of San Luis Rey $500 A: Under this pen name, E.Z.C. Judson originated the dime novel & gave William F. Cody his famous nickname Q: Ned Buntline ~~~~~~~ Numbers ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The decimal system is based on this number Q: 10 $200 A: MCMXCII Q: 1992 $300 A: The digit on the phone represented by "Def" Q: 3 $400 A: The number of the piggy in the children's nursery rhyme who had no roast beef Q: 4th $500 A: When it's 12 noon in Washington state, it's this time in Washington, D.C. Q: 3 P.M. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Numbers In Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Bobby Vee, the night has this many eyes Q: A Thousand $200 A: "She was just" this, "you know what I mean? And the way she looked was way beyond compare" Q: 17 $300 A: "You came out of a dream, peaches & cream, lips like strawberry wine, you're" this age Q: 16 $400 A: According to Gene McDaniels, the 1st woman wasn't made of Adam's rib, but this much clay Q: 100 Lbs $500 A: it's the girl-boy ratio in "Surf City" Q: 2 to 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Number Please ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The number of points on a compass, or the number of permanent teeth in the normal human mouth Q: 32 $200 A: The number of colors traditionally identified in a rainbow or spectrum Q: 7 $300 A: Offices of Baskin-Robbins are at this number of Baskin-Robbins place in Glendale, California Q: 31 $400 A: In "Treasure Island," the pirates sing of this number of "Men on a Dead Man's Chest, Yo-Ho-Ho" Q: 15 $500 A: The solid-colored ball with the highest number in a standard game of pocket billiards Q: 8 ~~~~~~~~~ Nutrition ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 3 oz. of this pickled cabbage has only 18 calories Q: Sauerkraut $200 A: This mineral, which forms teeth & bones, is by weight the most common mineral in the body Q: Calcium $300 A: A primary food type along with carbohydrates & proteins, they help the body prevent viral infections Q: Fats $400 A: There are 2 types of vitamins, fat-soluble & this kind Q: Water-soluble $500 A: Starches are complex forms of these simple carbohydrates Q: Sugars ~~~~~~~~~~~ Odd Customs ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Waving as Americans do is an insult in this Hellenic country Q: Greece $200 A: In the Netherlands, a hostess may serve herself first, from the custom of tasting food to prove it wasn't this Q: Poisoned $300 A: Frenchmen kiss cheeks, but in Rumania, friends often kiss this way Q: On The Mouth $400 A: Men in this arctic culture sometimes settled disputes by singing insults at each other Q: Eskimos $500 A: Tibetans & Mongolians supposedly put this in their tea instead of sugar Q: Salt ~~~~~~~~ Odd Jobs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 4-letter word for a spiritual guide, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi is one Q: Guru $200 A: For 10% of the bail, he'll spring you from jail Q: Bail Bondsman $300 A: He raises penmanship to a fine art Q: Calligrapher $400 A: Horse racing figures the British call "turf accountants" Q: Bookies $500 A: What a fletcher makes Q: Arrows ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Old Testament ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Delilah gave him a real trimming Q: Samson $200 A: In Hebrew its name means "sea of reeds" Q: Red Sea $300 A: Through sons Isaac & Ishmael, both Jews & Arabs trace descent from him Q: Abrahama $400 A: The name "Palestine" comes from these biblical enemies of Israel Q: Philistines $500 A: A sorrowful old testament prophet, his name now refers to predictors of doom Q: Jeremiah ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Old Testament ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The animals King Darius furnished his "den" with Q: Lions $200 A: Desiring her, David sent her husband off to his death in battle Q: Bathsheba $300 A: The Villians Delilah & Goliath both belonged to this group of Aegean people Q: Philistines $400 A: Deception ensued when Isaac sent this son hunting for venison Q: Esau $500 A: Because he was a stranger in a strange land, he called his son Gershom, meaning "a stranger there" Q: Moses ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Old Testament ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As a baby, he went sailing down the Nile in a basket boat Q: Moses $200 A: Milton described him as "eyeless in gaza" Q: Samson $300 A: In order to stop a storm at sea, he told the sailors to throw him overboard Q: Jonah $400 A: Because he asked God for wisdom & not wealth, he got both Q: King Solomon $500 A: The only 2 women whose names are on books of the Old Testament Q: Ruth & Esther ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: Country where madame butterfly flitted Q: Japan $200 A: Flying creature that is "die Fledermaus" in Johann Strauss' opera Q: Bat $300 A: "La Boheme," by this composer, is based on the novel "Scenes from Bohemian Life" Q: Puccini $400 A: She wrote the lyrics to "Four Saints in Three Acts" & Virgil Thomson wrote the score Q: Gertrude Stein $500 A: Verdi's operatic version of "Camille" Q: La Traviata ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: "Tosca" was based on a play written for this great French actress of the late 1800's Q: Sarah Bernhardt $200 A: Gershwin spent time in this state, the setting of "Porgy & Bess," to get the Opera's atmosphere right Q: South Carolina $300 A: In Verdi's "Otello," Iago is sung by a Baritone & Otello by one of these Q: Tenor $400 A: The Arias from Bellini's "La Sonnambula" were favorites of this "Swedish nightingale" Q: Jenny Lind $500 A: This play inspired over 20 operas, including "Les Amants De Verone" Q: Romeo & Juliet ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: The Lone Ranger's theme is this opera's overture Q: William Tell $200 A: Profession of Rossini's Figaro Q: Barber $300 A: Italian tenor whose aria "Pagliacii" aria was the 1st record ever to sell a million copies Q: Enrico Caruso $400 A: Lt. Pinkerton's girlfriend, Cio-Cio San Q: Madame Butterfly $500 A: 1976 was also the bicentennial of this famed Milan opera house Q: La Scala ~~~~~ Opera ~~~~~ $100 A: If you hear "it ain't necessarily so," you are necessarily hearing music from this opera Q: Porgy & Bess $200 A: In Verdi's "MacBeth," he's killed right after singing a beautiful aria & before becoming a ghost Q: Banquo $300 A: This country's national opera company is the Ethniki Lyriki Skini Q: Greece $400 A: In the "ring cycle" he is raised by a Nibelung Q: Siegfried $500 A: Term for the speech that's sung between arias Q: Recitative ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Oscar Firsts ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1934, she became the 1st child star to receive an Oscar Q: Shirley Temple $200 A: In 1988, she became the 1st person known by a single name to win a best acting Oscar Q: Cher $300 A: This silent screen swashbuckler was the 1st person to emcee the awards Q: Douglas Fairbanks Sr $400 A: This star of "The Song of Bernadette" was the 1st ton win an Oscar for playing a saint Q: Jennifer Jones $500 A: Some say he was swiss, some say German & some say American, but all say he won the 1st Oscar as best actor Q: Emil Jannings ~~~~~~~~~~~ Oscar Songs ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As Dr. Doolittle, Rex Harrison sang this 1967 Oscar-winner to people, too Q: Talk to the Animals $200 A: 1942 Irving Berlin classic that has sold more records than any other Q: White Christmas $300 A: This 1st winner, from "Gay Divorcee," is also a car Q: Continental $400 A: In "Going My Way," Bing Crosby asks "would you rather be" doing this or be a fish Q: Swinging on a Star $500 A: Doris Day has sung 2 Oscar winners in films, "Que Sera, Sera" & this Q: Secret Love ~~~~~~~~~~~ Palindromes ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A chick's chirp Q: Peep $200 A: Men & women engage in the battle of these Q: Sexes $300 A: Type of "tube" viewer who wouldn't watch "Jeopardy!" Q: Boob $400 A: Precedes "whistle, plunk & boom" in classic Disney cartoon Q: Toot $500 A: To apply wall coverings again Q: Repaper ~~~~~~~ Parades ~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1988 was the year of this creature, which traditionally leads the annual Chinese New Year parade Q: Dragon $200 A: Parades on this day might honor Flora, the Roman goddess of Spring, or a country's laborers Q: May Day $300 A: This had to be stoked up for the performance & traditionally came last in the circus parade Q: Calliope $400 A: For most of its route, the tournament of roses parade follows this Pasadena Boulevard Q: Colorado Boulevard $500 A: Annual British parade that arose from the need to show mercenary troops which flag to follow Q: Tropping the Colour ~~~~~ Parks ~~~~~ $100 A: This Boston park where young Ben Franklin grazed the family cow is America's oldest Q: Boston Common $200 A: Baseball's 1st-ever all-star game was played in 1933 in this Chicago stadium Q: Comiskey Park $300 A: Al Pacino's 1st starring role dealt with "Panic In" a NYC park nicknamed this Q: Needle Park $400 A: People voice opinions on everything in London's speakers corner, in this park Q: Hyde Park $500 A: In 1962, Freddy cannon had a hit about this now-defunct New Jersey amusement park Q: Palisades park ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Patriotic Songs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: An actor named Thomas A Becket said he wrote this patriotic "Gem," but others claimed it too Q: Columbia, Gem of the Ocean $200 A: It was originally a poem titled "The Defense of Fort Mchenry" Q: The Star-Spangled Banner $300 A: The 2nd line of this beloved patriotic song is "Land That I Love" Q: God Bless America $400 A: Song that says, "You're the Emblem of the Land I Love" Q: You're a grand old flag $500 A: The song parody "Be king to your web-footed friends: is sung to the tune of this patriotic march Q: Stars & Stripes Forever ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ $100 A: "I was a soldier for beauty & live. I was completely selfless," said this former Philippine 1st lady Q: Imelda Marcos $200 A: Also known for stupid human tricks, he got Ted Koppel to balance a dog biscuit on his nose Q: David Letterman $300 A: Before he created Jeno's Frozen Pizzas, Jeno Paulucci started this Chinese food company in Duluth, MN Q: Chun King $400 A: She said Warren Beatty acts like he can't wait to get out of the room when she talks about spirits Q: Shirley Maclaine $500 A: This famous feminist's middle initial stood for Brownell Q: Susan B. Anthony+ ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ $100 A: Pen name of Lafayette Hubbard, who died in 1986 after spending years in seclusion Q: L. Rom Hubbard $200 A: This lyricist co-edited the Choate Prep School yearbook with John F. Kennedy before he wrote "Camelot" Q: Alan Jay Lerner $300 A: This heavyweight Italian tenor doesn't like to sing until he's found a bent nail in the stage floor Q: Luciano Pavarotti $400 A: His wife Leona was a self-made millionairess before she became "Queen" of his hotels Q: Harry Helmsley $500 A: Commenting on Toots Shor's, this former Yankee said, "It's so crowded nobody goes there any more" Q: Yogi Berra ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ $100 A: At 14, his magic show paid him $3; later he made millions on "Tonight" Q: Johnny Carson $200 A: His last regular newscast was on Friday, March 6, 1981 Q: Walter Cronkite $300 A: Looking "too much like Hayley Mills" cut short this composer's acting career Q: Paul Williams $400 A: His obituary appeared in the NY Times 7 years after he disappeared Q: Jimmy Hoffa $500 A: Discovered by Bob Hope in 1949, this ballad king soon went from "rags to riches" Q: Tony Bennett ~~~~~~~ Physics ~~~~~~~ $100 A: 186,282 miles per second is the speed of this Q: Light $200 A: Count Volta invented this electric device common to cars & flashlights Q: Battery $300 A: Roentgen wasn't sure what these high energy photons were, so he called them this Q: X-Rays $400 A: Dr. Edward Teller is often described as "the father of..." this, though it displeases him Q: The Hydrogen Bomb $500 A: The centigrade temperature scale was named for this Swedish astronomer Q: Celsius ~~~~~~ Plants ~~~~~~ $100 A: Three-leaved plant used by St. Patrick to explain the trinity Q: Shamrock $200 A: Biology branch which studies plants Q: Botany $300 A: From a poisonous bulb, this yellow flower welcomes the early spring Q: Daffodil $400 A: Coming home from Florida, you might say you "saw" this sharp-edged grass in the Everglades Q: Sawgrass $500 A: Most extensively grown & eaten food in the world Q: Wheat ~~~~~~~~ Plastics ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In July 1988, Soviet Olympic committee head Yuri Tito was issued the 1st "Scorecard," one of these Q: Visa Card $200 A: In 1868, John W. Hyatt created the 1st "Celluloid" to replace the ivory balls used in this sport Q: Billiards $300 A: Meaning "upon oxygen," it's any of the resins that form a strong adhesion Q: Epoxy $400 A: In 1988, this Danish "city" made out of little plastic bricks celebrated its 20th anniversary Q: Lego land $500 A: The plastic fiber that was the title of a 1981 film starring the late divine Q: Polyester ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Poetic Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: One of them begins, "there once was a man from Kent" Q: Limerick $200 A: Congreve found that its charms can "soothe the savage breast" Q: Music $300 A: Alan Seeger had "a rendezvous with" it & met it in WWII in the fields of France Q: Death $400 A: Sir John Suckling felt "tis not the meat, but" this that "makes eating a delight" Q: Appetite $500 A: A.E. Housman "heard a wise may say, give crowns & pounds & guineas but not" this away Q: Your Heart ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: If you know a "whit" about poetry, you know that this man was "the quaker poet" Q: John Greenleaf Whittier $200 A: Author of "Les Miserables," he is called "France's greatest lyric poet" Q: Victor Hugo $300 A: Poe said of these, "what a horror they outpour on the bosom of the palpitating air" Q: The Bells $400 A: In Longfellow's poem, she was the long-lost love of Gebriel Lajeunesse Q: Evangeline $500 A: Langston Hughes asked, "what happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like" this Q: A Raisin in the Sun ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: Shelley asked the west wind, "if winter comes, can" this "be far behind?" Q: Spring $200 A: This author of "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" called his critics "murderers" Q: Samuel Taylor Coleridge $300 A: Animal of whom William Blake wondered "did he who made the lamb make thee?" Q: Tiger $400 A: James Whitcomb Riley wrote, "a feller is a-feelin' at his best" when this is "on the punkin'" Q: Frost $500 A: This lengthy poem about the Civil War won Stephen Vincent Benet the Pulitzer prize in 1929 Q: John Brown's Body ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: 3-letter Sandburg weather phenomenon that "comes in on little cat feet" Q: Fog $200 A: New England "swinger of birches" who read his poetry for JFK's inauguration Q: Robert Frost $300 A: Great Scot who wrote the poem "Auld Lang Syne" Q: Robert Burns $400 A: Poetic Device illustrated by "a peck of pickled peppers" Q: Alliteration $500 A: He said his poem "Kubla Khan" was inspired by a dream Q: Samuel Taylor Coleridge ~~~~~~ Poetry ~~~~~~ $100 A: Completes John Howard Payne's line "be in ever so humble..." Q: There's No Place Like Home $200 A: His poem, "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" begins "whose woods these are I think I know" Q: Robert Frost $300 A: In the poem named for her, Stonewall Jackson says, who touches a hair of yon gray head dies like a dog!" Q: Barbara Frietchie $400 A: The town of Pippapass, Kentucky, was renamed Pippa passes after a verse drama by this Englishman Q: Robert Browning $500 A: His tragic 1841 ballad, "The Wreck of the Hesperus" was inspired by an actual shipwreck Q: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ~~~~~ Poets ~~~~~ $100 A: He was a poet & a playwright as well as a Victorian prime minister Q: Benjamin Disraeli $200 A: He wrote about "Ships That Pass in the Night" in "Tales of a Wayside Inn" Q: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow $300 A: This poet's great 14th century masterpiece helped establish Italian as a national language Q: Dante Alighieri $400 A: This poet known for his odes was only 25 when he died of tuberculosis in 1821 Q: John Keats $500 A: As a soldier he used the Alias Silas Tomkyn Comberbache, so he didn't have to change him monogram Q: Samuel Taylor Coleridge ~~~~~~~~~~~ Police Work ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Job held by the Beatles' "Lovely Rita" Q: Meter Maid $200 A: Interpol is headquartered in this capital city Q: Paris $300 A: In old England, he was reeve of the shire; today he is this Q: Sheriff $400 A: What S.W.A.T. stands for Q: Special Weapons and Tactics $500 A: It's a dog's life in this branch of the police force Q: K-9 Corps ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Nicknames ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's been called "The Peanut Politician" Q: Jimmy Carter $200 A: In office from 1955 until his death in 1976, he was called "The Last of the Big-City Bosses" Q: Richard J. Daley $300 A: While Ohio's Robert Taft was "Mr. Republican," this Texan was "Mr. Democrat" & "Mr. Sam" Q: Sam Rayburn $400 A: After introducing the coinage of copper pennies, he became known as "Alexander the Coppersmith" Q: Alexander Hamilton $500 A: When this Hoosier ran against FDR, he was dubbed "The barefoot boy from Wall Street" Q: Wendell Willkie ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Many abolitionists have yet to learn the ABC of women's rights," she wrote in 1860 Q: Susan B. Anthony $200 A: In 1920, long before he became prime minister, he said, "in was you can only be killed once, but in politics many times" Q: Winston Churchil $300 A: Charles Dudley Warner, who once wrote a book with Mark Twain, said, "politics makes" these Q: Strange Bedfellows $400 A: This president compared herself to "a crusading housewife let loose in a den of...thieves" Q: Corazon Aquino $500 A: In reference to his post-WWI 14 points, Clemenceau noted, "the good Lord had only 10" Q: Woodrow Wilson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 19th century writer Christopher North said, "the sun never sets on" this Q: British Empire $200 A: John Gunther called it "the only country deliberately founded on a good idea" Q: United States $300 A: Russian leader was supposedly said, "the capitalists will sell us the rope with which we will hang them" Q: Vladimir Lenin $400 A: President who said the Americas "are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization" Q: James Monroe $500 A: Senator S.I. Hayakawa said, "we should keep" this; "after all, we stole it fair and square" Q: Panama Canal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Political Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He introduced himself as "the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris" Q: John F. Kennedy $200 A: He said, "if nominated I will not run, if elected, I will not serve" Q: William Tecumseh Sherman $300 A: In the 1980 election, he coined the phrase "voodoo economics" Q: George Bush $400 A: Acid-tongued VP who said, "some newspapers dispose of their garbage by printing it" Q: Spiro Agnew $500 A: Presidential candidate who said, "eggheads unite, you have nothing to lose but your yolks" Q: Adlai Stevenson ~~~~~~~~~ Pop Music ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jefferson Starship's name before taking off for space in '74 Q: Jefferson Airplane $200 A: British group whose logo features fat red lips & a lascivious tongue Q: Rolling Stones $300 A: Prophetic sounding 1963 no. 1 hit by Ruby & the Romantics Q: OUr Day Will Come $400 A: This duo's 1st U.S. hits were "Nobody I Know" & "A World Without Love" Q: Peter & Gordon $500 A: "Catch My Soul" was a rock version of this Shakespearean tragedy Q: Othello ~~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Only hope remained after her box was opened Q: Pandora $200 A: Islam's Holiest City Q: Mecca $300 A: The nation's largest single user of almonds is this chocolate maker Q: Hershey $400 A: The story of Pyramus & her inspired "Romeo & Juliet" Q: Thisbe $500 A: Only universal studios' special effects & moses could part it Q: Red Sea ~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to John Keats, "beauty" is this, and this is "beauty" Q: Truth $200 A: It's declared when you're judged insolvent Q: Bankruptcy $300 A: In 1944, this Caribbean ruler appeared as an extra in Esther Williams' film "bathing beauty" Q: Fidel Castro $400 A: This round-eyed comic starred in "Banjo Eyes," which happened to be his nickname Q: Eddie Cantor $500 A: The odds are 35 to 1 of throwing a 2 or this other number in a single toss of the dice Q: 12 ~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Latin word "radix," meaning root, is the root word for this root vegetable Q: Radish $200 A: Cabinet member who outranks all other cabinet members Q: Secretary of State $300 A: The job of a "nose" in France is to create these Q: Perfumes $400 A: The surname Wallace originally denoted a man from this country Q: Wales $500 A: This language spoken in the Pyrenees does not belong to the Indo-European group Q: Basque ~~~~~~~~~ Potpourri ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Inherit the Wind" was inspired by his famous trial, & we're not monkeying around Q: Scopes $200 A: He rewrote his 1st full-length play "Battle of Angels" & called it "Orpheus Descending" Q: Tennessee Williams $300 A: Of a gate, a bandit, or a Buddhist priest, what Rashomon is in the play "Rashomon" Q: Gate $400 A: His offbeat play, "The Skin of Our Teeth" features a talking baby dinosaur Q: Thornton Wilder $500 A: When this playwright 1st presented "Medea" in an Athenian drama contest, it came in last Q: Euripides ~~~~~~~~ Pot Luck ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Along with Roquefort, this creamy French cheese is also called "The King of Cheeses" Q: Brie $200 A: Type of camel that's in a box of Nabisco Animal Crackers Q: Bactrian $300 A: City mentioned in the song, "I'm a Yankee doodle dandy" Q: London $400 A: Section of the Sunday New York Times that's also sold as a separate magazine Q: Book Review $500 A: In 1967, when Queen Elizabeth knighted Frencis Chichester, she used this explorer's sword Q: Sir Francis Drake ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Colleges ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Grant and this other president were both graduates of West Point Q: Dwight Eisenhower $200 A: The only president whose Alma Mater was Annapolis Q: Jimmy Carter $300 A: In 1908, this former big man on campus, Yale's, that is, became a big man in the white house Q: William Howard Taft $400 A: If Jefferson, Monroe or Tyler had written home for money, it would have been sent to this Virginia college Q: William & Mary $500 A: Herbert Hoover became a trustee of this pac 10 school in California 17 years after getting his degree there Q: Stanford ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Firsts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though Detective Pinkerton saved him once, he later became the first assassinated president Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: 2nd U.S. president, he was the 1st defeated for reelection Q: John Adams $300 A: 1st president to refuse a 3rd term Q: George Washington $400 A: He was the 1st to have untied the marital knot Q: Ronald Reagan $500 A: This rough backwoodsman was the 1st born in a log cabin Q: Andrew Jackson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Middle Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Baines Q: Lyndon Johnson $200 A: Earl Q: Jimmy Carter $300 A: His actual first name was Hiram, while his middle name was Ulysses Q: Ulysses S. Grant $400 A: Howard Q: William Howard Taft $500 A: Abram Q: James A. Garfield ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Quotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "When the president does it, that means that it is not illegal" Q: Richard Nixon $200 A: Calvin Coolidge said, "the business of America is" this Q: Business $300 A: "Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate" Q: John F. Kennedy $400 A: "One way to make sure crime doesn't pay would be to let the government run it" Q: Ronald Reagan $500 A: When asked about his condition this president said, "I don't have ulcers, I give 'em" Q: Lyndon Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At various times, he & all 5 of his brothers were nicknamed "Ike" Q: Dwight Eisenhower $200 A: Springtime ritual started by pres. Hayes on the White House lawn Q: Easter Egg Roll $300 A: Gilbert Stuart stuffed his sunken cheeks with cotton for the presidential portraits Q: George Washington $400 A: Though his 2nd term was plagues by scandal, he was almost nominated for a 3rd term in 1880 Q: Ulysses S. Grant $500 A: In 1908, 5 years before getting the job, he wrote a book titles "The President of the U.S." Q: Woodrow Wilson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Presidential Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Harry Truman & Richard Nixon were the only U.S. presidents to play this musical instrument Q: Piano $200 A: In his 1st inaugural address, he said, "our greatest primary task is to put people to work" Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt $300 A: Millard Fillmore was born on Tuesday, January 7, 1800, in this type of frontier house Q: Log Cabin $400 A: Some of his colorful nicknames were "Professor," "Tiger," & "Coiner of Weasel Words" Q: Woodrow Wilson $500 A: In 1871 he was sheriff of Erie County, NY & carried out the hangings himself Q: Grover Cleveland ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Only President to survive a bullet wound inflicted while in office Q: Ronald Reagan $200 A: He supposedly said, we know God prefers common-looking people because he made so many Q: Abraham Lincoln $300 A: "May none but honest & wise men ever rule under this roof," said this 1st occupant of the White House Q: John Adams $400 A: He gave all his government salary to charity, having earned millions as a mining engineer Q: Herbert Hoover $500 A: 20th century President whose actual first name was Thomas Q: Woodrow Wilson ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He asked us, "ask not what your country can do for you" Q: John F. Kennedy $200 A: Like America, his first initials were U.S. Q: Ulysses Simpson Grant $300 A: His 12-year term was the longest ever Q: Frankling D. Roosevelt $400 A: He's considered both out 22nd and 24th President Q: Grover Cleveland $500 A: Our only impeached President, he kept his office by 1 vote Q: Andrew Johnson ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He held office "4 score & 7 years" after the founding of our country Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: 1st President to win the Nobel Peace prize, though he carried "a big stick" Q: Theodore Roosevelt $300 A: 7 of our first 12 Presidents were from this state Q: Virginia $400 A: Though born in Massachusetts, George Bush ran for President from this state Q: Texas $500 A: Portly President who set precedent by throwing out the baseball season's first ball Q: William Howard Taft ~~~~~~~~~~ Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Assassinated president about whom it was said, "now he belongs to the ages" Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: The impeachment conviction of Andrew Johnson failed by this many votes in the senate Q: 1 $300 A: The only President born in Illinois Q: Ronald Reagan $400 A: As of 1990, the President's yearly base salary, in dollars Q: 200,000 $500 A: Though Washington was "the father of our country," he was "the Father of the Constitution" Q: James Madison ~~~~~~~~ Proverbs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Many of these "make light work" Q: Hands $200 A: During Watergate, John Mitchell said "when the going gets though, the tough get..." this Q: Going $300 A: Dorothy Parker said it's what "women and elephants never..." do Q: Forget $400 A: In the original version "you took an ell," or 45 inches, when "I gave you" this Q: Inch $500 A: Ben Franklin said you shouldn't "squander" this, "for that is the stuff life is made of" Q: Time ~~~~~~~~ Proverbs ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When the cat's away, the mice will do this Q: Play $200 A: As you made your bed, so must you do this Q: Lie In It $300 A: Francis Bacon said, "if the mountain will not come to" him, he "will go to the mountain" Q: Mohammad $400 A: "What's good for the goose is good for" this creature, too Q: Gander $500 A: "A bad workman quarrels with..." these Q: His Tools ~~~~~~~~~~ Psychology ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A bad one is biting your fingernails; a good one is calling mom once a week Q: Habit $200 A: This type of trait is the opposite of a dominant one Q: Recessive $300 A: One who suffers from periods of depression alternating with periods of extreme excitement Q: Manic-Depressive $400 A: The common name for somnambulism Q: Sleepwalking $500 A: The ego resolves conflicts between this & the superego Q: ID ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Dorothy Parker, "women and" these "never forget" Q: Elephants $200 A: 1927 movie that gave us the quote, "you ain't heard nothin' yet, folks" Q: The Jazz Singer $300 A: In 1899 congressman Willard Vandiver 1st said, "I'm from Missouri you have got to" do this Q: Show Me $400 A: "Touch of evil" director who said, "everybody denies I am a genius--but nobody ever called me one" Q: Orson Welles $500 A: A Cornish prayer says, "good Lord, deliver us from ghoulies & ghosties & long leggety beasties & things that" do this Q: Go Bump in the Night ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: "We must be the great arsenal of democracy," he said in a fireside chat on December 29, 1940 Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt $200 A: Mark Twain said, "Adam did not want the apple for the apple's sake, he wanted it only because it was" this Q: Forbidden $300 A: In this show, Adelaide Laments, "A person can develop a cold" Q: Guys & Dolls $400 A: On the Cuban missile crisis, Dean Rusk said, "we're eyeball to eyeball & the other fellow just" did this Q: Blinked $500 A: "Birth of a nation" star who said in 1987 "Hollywood has turned into an emotional Detroit" Q: Lillian Gish ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: D.H. Lawrence said, "no absolute is going to make the lion lie down with" this "unless" it's "inside" Q: Lamb $200 A: In the nursery rhyme, the lion & this animal were "fighting for the crown" Q: Unicorn $300 A: Song in which Elvis sang, "I don't want to be your lion, 'cause lions ain't the kind you love enough" Q: Let Me Be Your Teddy Bear $400 A: In "Marmion," Scott asked, "and dar'st thou then to beard the lion" here Q: In His Den $500 A: In judges 14:15, he "came to the vineyards of timnath and, behold, a young lion roared against him" Q: Samson ~~~~~~ Quotes ~~~~~~ $100 A: Dorothy Parker said, "men seldom make passes at girls who..." wear these Q: Glasses $200 A: Emerson said, "if a man...makes a better" 1 of these, "the world will beat a path to his door" Q: Mousetrap $300 A: An MD "can bury his mistakes, but we can only advise clients to plant vines," said this architect Q: Frank Lloyd Wright $400 A: Advice Greeley followed with "and grow up with the country" Q: Go West, Young Man $500 A: "Reading is to the mind as" this is "to the body" Q: Exercise ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Radio Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Bring 'em Back Alive" guy, played by Bruce Boxleitner on TV, but by himself on radio Q: Frank Buck $200 A: This all-American boy's theme began, "wave the flag for Hudson high, boys" Q: Jack Armstrong $300 A: 12 beats of a gong & an airplane swooping down signaled his arrival on radio Q: Captain Midnight $400 A: He usually drove the black beauty Q: kato $500 A: Later a foil for Lucy as harry Carter, he foiled Ming on radio as Flash Gordon Q: Gale Gordon ~~~~~~~~ Railroad ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Office for conductor & living quarters for crew, it is often red Q: Caboose $200 A: In fiction, espionage & murder plague its Pair-to-Istanbul run Q: Orient Express $300 A: If you take a "chance" in Monopoly, you may "take a ride" on this railroad Q: Reading $400 A: George Westinghouse invented the air-operated type of these for trains Q: Brakes $500 A: It met the union Pacific at Promontory, Utah, in 1869 Q: Central Pacific ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Recent History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1972, this ex-teamster leader tried to go to Hanoi to free pows, but the U.S. government stopped him Q: Jimmy Hoffa $200 A: This July 1985 famine relief fundraiser has been called Bob Geldof's "Global Jukebox" Q: Live Aid $300 A: A ban on the general use of this germ killer in 1972 meant Phisohex had to be sold by prescription Q: Hexachlorophene $400 A: He was chosen to replace Thomas Eagleton as the 1972 democratic nominee for vice president Q: Robert Sargent Shriver $500 A: President of Pakistan who, along with our ambassador, was killed when his plane exploded in August 1988 Q: Zia Ul-Haq ~~~~~~~~~~ Recreation ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In a traditional peanut race, you push a peanut along the floor using only this part of your body Q: Nose $200 A: From German for "bite bag," it's a type of backpack used by hikers Q: Knapsack $300 A: River enthusiasts know that in the U.S. these are usually classed from I to VI Q: Rapids $400 A: In the U.S., no company can sell a 3-wheeled ATV, which is this Q: All Terrain Vehicle $500 A: Begun as a survival program for British sailors in WW I, the 1st of these schools in the U.S. opened in 1962 Q: Outward Bound ~~~~~~~~ Religion ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Most popular name in the Islamic world today Q: Muhammad $200 A: Members of this religion assassinated Indira Gandhi Q: Sikh $300 A: Writer David Yallop claims that in September, 1978, this religious figure was murdered Q: Pope John Paul I $400 A: A child will say in public what his parents say at home, says this book of Jewish wisdom Q: Talmud $500 A: Artemus Ward described this church leader of the 19th cent. as "the most married man I ever saw" Q: Brigham Young ~~~~~~~~ Religion ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 100 years ago the now-dead philosopher Nietzsche claimed this being was dead Q: God $200 A: The color of Muhammad's banner Q: Green $300 A: To die at the city of Benares ensures members of this religion a release from endless rebirths Q: Hinduism $400 A: Baby Fae's heart transplant occurred in a hospital run by this denomination Q: 7th Day Adventists $500 A: Most Muslims belong to this sect Q: Sunni ~~~~~~~~ Religion ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was the doubter among the Apostles Q: Thomas $200 A: This word for the Muslim religion means "submission to the will of god" Q: Islam $300 A: Continent with the largest Jewish population Q: North America $400 A: Color of smoke signifying the election of a new Pope Q: White $500 A: This Buddhist sect seeks truth through concepts like "the sound of one hand clapping" Q: Zen ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Religious Music ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A synagogue official who sings liturgical music, played in "The Jazz Singer" not by Eddie but Al Q: Cantor $200 A: Famous traditional American Hymn, or what some call Ms. Jones of "A View to a Kill" Q: Amazing Grace $300 A: In Latin, this famous church piece is called "Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus" Q: Holy, Holy, Holy $400 A: He sang "Let's stay together," but left soul singing for gospel preaching Q: Al Green $500 A: General name for music played during the passing around of the money plate Q: Offertory ~~~~~~~~~~~ Renaissance ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The term "renaissance" is from a French word meaning this Q: Rebirth $200 A: Carolingian is the term used to describe his empire Q: Charlemagne $300 A: Some say he based the ruthless ruler in "The Prince" on Cesare Borgia Q: Machiavelli $400 A: This banking family, led by Lorenzo the Magnificent, ruled Florence & made it an art center Q: Medicis $500 A: Don't get angry if you don't know this epic poem written in 1516 by Ludovico Ariosto Q: Orlando Furioso ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Renaissance Art ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, & El Greco, the one born 1st Q: Leonardo Da Vinci $200 A: Known for his buxom nudes, this Flemish artist produced at least 1200 paintings Q: Peter Paul Rubens $300 A: Italians were masters of this medium of painting on fresh plaster Q: Fresco $400 A: Though German, famed portrait artist Hans Holbein became court painter to this English king Q: Henry VIII $500 A: Born in Urbino in 1483, this painter learned much of his craft from Michelangelo & Leonardo Q: Raphael ~~~~~~~~~~~ Republicans ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The first republican to win the presidency Q: Abraham Lincoln $200 A: Congressman Jack Kemp quarterbacked for this N.Y. pro football team Q: Buffalo Bills $300 A: The president who asked Americans to "whip inflation now" Q: Gerald Ford $400 A: Bill Miller, his running mate in 1964, appeared in American express commercials Q: Barry Goldwater $500 A: He lost to FDR in '44 and Truman in '48 Q: Thomas Dewey ~~~~~~~~~~~ Republicans ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1964, he offered voters "a choice, not an echo" Q: Barry Goldwater $200 A: In '74, he became the only U.S. president ever to appear on the stage of the Grand Ole Opry Q: Richard Nixon $300 A: Ambassador to Italy, Connecticut Congresswoman, & wife of Time-Life founder Q: Clare Booth Luce $400 A: 1st Republican presidential candidate ever was this California "pathfinder" Q: John C. Fremont $500 A: In November 1988, this New Hampshire governor was named Bush's Chief of Staff Q: John Sununu ~~~~~~~ Resorts ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Since 1942, U.S. Presidents have had private access to this resort Q: Camp David $200 A: This worldwide French resort chain also owns a cruise ship Q: Club Med $300 A: Furnace Creek is the appropriate name for the California resort located here Q: Death Valley $400 A: Honeymooners are partial to these picturesque Pennsylvania Mountains featuring over 300 resorts Q: Poconos $500 A: Camp David, the presidential retreat, was named for this grandson of a president Q: David Eisenhower ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Revolutionary War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Baron Von Steuben trained the men at this Pennsylvania camp during the winter of 1777-78 Q: Valley Forge $200 A: On June 16, 1775, Americans began to dig into this hill next to Bunker Hill Q: Breed's Hill $300 A: Before we had the daughters of the revolution, we had the sons of this, who fought the Stamp Act Q: Liberty $400 A: He was Aide-De-Camp & secretary to general Washington, who later made him a cabinet secretary Q: Alexander Hamilton $500 A: George Rogers Clark helped the U.S. gain this territory, which included present-day Michigan & Ohio Q: Northwest Territory ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Revolutionary War Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At Yorktown, this Frenchman said, "I am not strong enough even to get beaten" Q: Lafayette $200 A: When asked to surrender his battered ship, he replied, "I have not yet begun to fight" Q: John Paul Jones $300 A: His pro-British cousin Samuel was widely accused of betraying this American spy Q: Nathan Hale $400 A: Henry Lee's quick & daring cavalry raids earned him this nickname Q: Light-Horse Harry $500 A: 14-year-old future president captured by the British & wounded when he wouldn't clean an officers boots Q: Andrew Jackson ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rhode Island ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Developed in the 1850's, the Rhode Island red made raising of these a major industry in the U.S. Q: Chickens $200 A: While "ocean state" appears on its license plates, this diminutive nickname is also widely used Q: Little Rhody $300 A: Rhode Island has a national memorial honoring this man, its founder Q: Roger Williams $400 A: The naval war college has operated at this coastal city since 1884 Q: Newport $500 A: All 5 of Rhode Island's counties are on this bay Q: Narragansett Bay ~~~~~~~ Rituals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The full ritual for killing one of these involves decapitation as well as a stake through the heart Q: Vampire $200 A: Egyptians believed that on this day of the month of Pharmuchi you shouldn't go anywhere Friday of not Q: 13th $300 A: On twelfth night in Sweden, people go house to house, taking these down & eating the ornaments Q: Christmas Trees $400 A: Sung standing in a circle with arms crossed & hands joined, it's the Scottish song of parting Q: Auld Lang Syne $500 A: A Hindu woman performing suttee lies next to her husband on this Q: His Funeral Pyre ~~~~~~~ Rituals ~~~~~~~ $100 A: You do it before blowing out the candles on your birthday cake Q: Make a Wish $200 A: Sometimes held in secret, it gets you into a fraternity or a cult Q: Initiation $300 A: The cha-no-yu as performed by Japanese women Q: Tea Ceremony $400 A: Throughout the Pacidic, this toe-dingeing ritual is held when the ti plant ripens Q: Walking on Fire $500 A: Since 1903, members of this New York City club have gone swimming in the icy Atlantic Q: Polar Bears ~~~~~~ Rivers ~~~~~~ $100 A: The Porcupine River flows into this U.S. state form the Yukon territory Q: Alaska $200 A: At Niagara Falls, 90% of the flow of the Niagara River goes over this fall Q: Horseshoe Falls $300 A: This river enters the east end of Lake Geneva near Montreux & leaves the west end in Geneva Q: Rhone $400 A: Though much of the Yangtze is navigable, very little of this 3000-mile long Chinese river is Q: Yellow River $500 A: Europe's 2nd-busiest airport serves frankfurt & is named for these two rivers Q: Rhine & Main ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rock 'N' Roll ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: August 5, 1957 was the first national broadcast of this TV teen show Q: American Bandstand $200 A: "Hey, Jude" was the Beatles' initial record for this, their own label Q: Apple Records $300 A: This former bantamweight could have written "Papa's got a brand-new punching bag" Q: James Brown $400 A: "East" & "West" followed this word in the names of Bill Graham's 60's rock halls Q: Fillmore $500 A: Bernie Taupin's partner, he bought the soccer club he had followed as a child Q: Elton John ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rock & Roll Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These girls were a comic punk novelty act before they "got the beat" Q: Go-Gos $200 A: Waylon Jennings was once a member of this, Buddy Holly's back-up group Q: Crickets $300 A: She was once a "beach boy," along with her husband, Daryl Dragon Q: Toni Tennille $400 A: Before "Sara Smile" they met by sharing an elevator to escape a gang fight Q: Hall & Oates $500 A: Year in the 1950's when the beatles were formed Q: 1959 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Rocks & Minerals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Canine" phrase used to describe rock collecting enthusiasts Q: Rockhound $200 A: This mineral is crushed, powdered & glued onto paper to make disposable nail boards Q: Emery $300 A: This landmark at the mouth of the Mediterranean is a large block of limestone Q: Rock of Gibraltar $400 A: In "America the Beautiful," type of white gypsum used to describe the gleam of cities Q: Alabaster $500 A: Kimberlite, a mineral in which diamonds are found, was named for a city in this country Q: South Africa ~~~~~~~ Royalty ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Lord Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India, was the nephew of this last Czar of Russia Q: Nicholas II $200 A: When she died in 1982, the cover of "Newsweek" called her life "The Last Fairy Tale" Q: Princess Grace $300 A: Marco Polo served as an aide to this mongol ruler of China Q: Kublai Khan $400 A: American-born Lisa Halaby is now Queen Noor of this middle east country Q: Jordan $500 A: Officially, Baudouin I became king of this country on Tuesday, July 17, 1951 Q: Belgium ~~~~~ Rules ~~~~~ $100 A: The rules of Monopoly state that you win when this happens to all other players Q: Bankruptcy $200 A: The IRS says you must use this form if your taxable income is $50,000 or more Q: Form 1040 $300 A: According to the rules of lacrosse, they're the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands Q: Goalies $400 A: "Robert's rules of order" says you can withdraw one of these anytime before a vote, without a second Q: Motion $500 A: In chess, the rook and these 2 pieces are the only ones that can move the entire length of the board in one move Q: Queen & Bishop ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Russian History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It is believed that 1 in 3 Soviet citizens was an occasional informer for this police force Q: KGB $200 A: Russia lost 15,000 men & 300 aircraft in a recent war in this country Q: Afghanistan $300 A: In 1961, his body was moved from the Mausoleum in Red Square Q: Joseph Stalin $400 A: After being expelled in 1929, Leon Trotsky lived in Turkey, France, Norway, & finally this country Q: Mexico $500 A: Executed with his family by the Bolsheviks, he was the last reigning Czar of Russia Q: Nicholas II ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Saintly Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Minneapolis' "Twin," it's the capital of Minnesota Q: St Paul $200 A: California mission town which is the annual destination for famed swallows Q: San Juan Capistrand $300 A: The 8th most populous city in the world, it was once the capital of Brazil Q: Sao Paulo $400 A: Capital of the Dominican Republic & reputed site of Columbus' tomb Q: Santo Domingo $500 A: The poshest of all ski resorts Q: St Moritz ~~~~~~ Saints ~~~~~~ $100 A: This large Midwestern city is named for a greatly admired saint & king of France Q: Saint Louis $200 A: Legendary dragon slayer & rescuer of damsels in distress, he's the patron saint of England Q: Saint George $300 A: We sing a song about this kind & patron saint of Czechoslovakia at Christmastime Q: Good King Wenceslas $400 A: Lord chancellor of England in the 16th century, he didn't attain sainthood until 1935 Q: Saint Thomas More $500 A: Two of the saints with this name were from Thebes, Egypt & Padua, Italy Q: Anthony ~~~~~ Salad ~~~~~ $100 A: The name of this salad comes from the Dutch for "Cabbage Salad" Q: Coleslaw $200 A: Many molded salads depend on this basic ingredient to hold their shape Q: Gelatin $300 A: The German version of this popular salad contains bacon & vinegar & is often served hot Q: Potato Salad $400 A: Used to season salads, a "Chapon" is a dry crust of bread rubbed with this Q: Garlic $500 A: This salad dressing was named for a region shared by New York State & Ontario Q: Thousand Island ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ San Francisco ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Tony Bennett put his "heart" into singing this city's official song Q: San Francisco $200 A: Though it lasted just 48 seconds, this 1906 disaster equaled the force of about 6 million tons of TNT Q: Earthquake $300 A: In the late 19th century, San Francisco was the world capital of this maritime hunting industry Q: Whaling $400 A: A stagecoach is housed in the history room of this famous "old west" bank Q: Wells Fargo $500 A: Since San Francisco was named for St. Francis this Italian town was named its sister city in 1969 Q: Assisi ~~~~~~~~~~~ Scandinavia ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Viking who "discovered" America before Columbus Q: Leif Ericson $200 A: Narrow, shallow inlets common to Norway Q: Fjords $300 A: Over 90% of Scandinavians belong to this protestant religious denomination Q: Lutheran $400 A: Film director who vowed never to work in his native Sweden after being charged with tax evasion Q: Ingmar Bergman $500 A: Simple, up-to-date furniture style, from the country of Hans Christian Andersen Q: Danish Modern ~~~~~~~~~~~ School Food ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: One of these a day won't keep the teacher away, but kids keep trying Q: Apple $200 A: Food item called a "Coney Island," a "Tube Steak," or a "Footlong" Q: Hot Dog $300 A: "Starch & Dairy" duo that's traditional Friday cafeteria fare Q: Macaroni & Cheese $400 A: Plastic utensil that is a combination of a spoon & fork Q: Spork $500 A: Subject of 1981 controversy, this condiment never wound up as a vegetable Q: Catsup ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Land animal with the largest teeth Q: Elephant $200 A: Stratigraphy is a branch of this earth science Q: Geology $300 A: "Diffraction" refers to the way it bends Q: Light $400 A: The 2 primary ferrous metals are Iron & this Q: Steel $500 A: Natural vanilla flavoring comes from this tropical flower Q: orchid ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Newly discovered by an Australian astronomer, comet Bradfield is the brightest comet since this one Q: Halley's Comet $200 A: University of Iowa physicist who discovered 2 radiation belts encircling the earth Q: James Van Allen $300 A: Organic chemistry has been defined as the chemistry of this element and its compounds Q: Carbon $400 A: U.S. news says this "Father of the H-Bomb" may come to be known as "Father of Star Wars" too Q: Edward Teller $500 A: Nathaniel Hayward sold Charles Goodyear his process for treating rubber with this element Q: Sulfur ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The 1st solvent widely used by modern dry cleaners, it was unleaded Q: Gasoline $200 A: It's our solar system's 2nd largest planet Q: Saturn $300 A: Depending on the length of the path this takes, thunder might be a short clap or a long rumble Q: Lightning $400 A: 20th century Austrian zoologist Karl Von Frisch discovered the dance of these insects Q: Bees $500 A: It's the special field of computer science trying to come up with machines that think for themselves Q: Artificial Intelligence ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's an alloy that contains 7.5% copper & 92.5% silver Q: Sterling Silver $200 A: 1 of the 1st devices used to store an electric charge, this jar was named for a Dutch city Q: Leyden Jar $300 A: His steel-making process involved blowing air through molten iron to oxidize impurities Q: Sir Henry Bessemer $400 A: Order of animal that includes man Q: Mammals $500 A: Division of the animal kingdom just below phylum Q: Class ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Galileo attempted to measure its speed by having men on hills flash lanterns at each other Q: Light $200 A: Stellar astronomy is the study of these Q: Stars $300 A: Prepared from alcohol by the action of "chloride of lime," it can put you to sleep Q: Chloroform $400 A: Avogadro's number is the total of these atom groups in a mole of any substance Q: Molecules $500 A: "Nature," according to ancient scientists, "abhors" one of these Q: Vacuum ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Everybody talks about it; a meteorologist studies it Q: Weather $200 A: Animals with a constant blood temperature are called this Q: Warm-Blooded $300 A: Common name for ethylene glycol, it's used in cars in winter Q: Anti-Freeze $400 A: Process by which plants make both food & oxygen Q: Photosynthesis $500 A: Name given to the temperature -273.15 degrees Celsius Q: Absolute Zero ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Part of your body in which you might find an amalgam of silver Q: Tooth $200 A: At sea level the speed of this is 332 meters per second Q: Sound $300 A: Name given to the simplest electron tubes, as they have just 2 main parts, a plate & an emitter Q: Diodes $400 A: Many of the salts of this element, whose symbol is "ag," are light sensitive Q: Silver $500 A: A foot-candle is a unit of illumination & a foot-pound is a unit of this Q: Work ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: A sound's repetition by reflection Q: Echo $200 A: He originated "the origin of species" Q: Charles Darwin $300 A: Singular form of the word "bacteria" Q: Bacterium $400 A: Negative particle that orbits an atom's nucleus Q: Electron $500 A: Cytology is the study of these biological building blocks Q: Cells ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Most living organisms have millions, but a prisoner has only 1 Q: Cell $200 A: A 5th century B.C. Greek philosopher was the 1st to theorize that all matter is made of these Q: Atoms $300 A: Term for creatures like vultures or hermit crabs, who eat carcasses & refuse Q: Scavengers $400 A: Days & Nights are always 12 hours long at this line Q: Equator $500 A: If you're studying mensuration, you're studying this Q: Measurement ~~~~~~~ Science ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Robert W. Bunsen's hot item, invented in 1855 Q: Bunsen Burner $200 A: To Copernicus, it was the center of the universe Q: Sun $300 A: Made of glass or quartz, it's used to bend light rays or form rainbows Q: Prism $400 A: In 1774, we all "breathed" a sigh of relief when Joseph Priestly discovered this gas Q: Oxygen $500 A: Broadest method of classification of living things Q: Kingdom ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Science & Nature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Officially, a fly has this many wings Q: 2 $200 A: Hares living in cold regions are usually brown in the summer & this color in winter Q: White $300 A: The longest day of the year in Australia occurs in this month Q: December $400 A: An oologist is a scientist who studies these Q: Bird Eggs $500 A: Meaning "middle life," this geologic era saw the emergence of early mammals Q: Mesozoic Era ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Screenwriters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: John Huston & Ray Bradbury brought this Melville classic to the screen Q: Moby Dick $200 A: If you'd gone up & seen her sometime, she might have been writing "I'm No Angel" or "Klondike Annie" Q: Mae West $300 A: This star of "Harold & Maude" wrote "Pat & Mike" with her husband, Garson Kanin Q: Ruth Gordon $400 A: Author of "Exodus" who wrote the screenplay for "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" Q: Leon Uris $500 A: Charles Macarthur & Ben Hecht adapted "Wuthering Heights" for film but not this, their own 1928 hit play Q: Front Page ~~~~~~~~~ Sculpture ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His only signed work is the "Pieta" in the Vatican Q: Michelangelo $200 A: A gold statue of Prometheus Towers over the ice rink of this N.Y. landmark Q: Rockefeller Center $300 A: "Disarming" statue unearthed by a peasant on the Greek Island of Melos in 1820 Q: Venus De Milo $400 A: A Berlin museum is home to the famous bust of this Egyptian queen Q: Nefertiti $500 A: Though it represents a woman, his 5-story Chicago structure has been called a baboon Q: Pablo Picasso ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Seven Wonders ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dr. Livingstone named these African Falls, 1 of the 7 natural wonders of the world, for his queen Q: Victoria Falls $200 A: The ancient wonder of Olympia was a gold & silver statue of this king of the gods Q: Zeus $300 A: 90 miles from the last remaining ancient wonder, this waterway is 1 of the 7 modern wonders Q: Suez Canal $400 A: The hanging Gardens of Babylon hung in what's now this country Q: Iraq $500 A: Mexico's paricutin, the youngest of these in the western hemisphere, is also the newest of the natural wonders Q: Volcano ~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespeare ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Shakespeare described them as "A pair of star-crossed lovers" Q: Romeo & Juliet $200 A: Title character who said, "The play's the thing wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king" Q: Hamlet $300 A: Angered at the murder of Caesar, he said, "Cry 'Havoc!' & let slip the dogs of war" Q: Mark Antony $400 A: Mrs. Othello Q: Desdemona $500 A: The American Shakespeare festival theater is in Stratford "On Housatonic," a river in this state Q: Connecticut ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespearean Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Marc Antony said, "I come to bury" this man, "not to praise him" Q: Julius Caesar $200 A: Legend says at the 1st performance of "Macbeth" the boy actor set to play this major role died backstage Q: Lady Macbeth $300 A: Shakespeare wrote of her, "Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety" Q: Cleopatra $400 A: Saying, "Sweets to the sweet," she strews flowers on Ophelia's grave Q: Gertrude $500 A: She isn't allowed to marry before her "Shrew"ish sister Kate Q: Bianca ~~~~~~ Singer ~~~~~~ $100 A: It's "so emotional" for her to have the most consecutive no. 1 singles in history Q: Whitney Houston $200 A: After marrying a German this disco singer anglicized her last name by changing the "o" to "u" Q: Donna Summer $300 A: His 2 biggest hits as a singer have been from movie soundtracks: "Footloose" & "Danger Zone" Q: Kenny Loggins $400 A: "Hot Diggity," "Round & Round" & "Catch a Falling Star" were his 3 billboard no. 1 hits Q: Perry Como $500 A: This ex-Van Halen vocalist recorded his album "Eat 'Em & Smile" in both English & Spanish versions Q: David Lee Roth ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Singers & Dancers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jan. 8, 1991 was the 56th anniversary of this "king's" birth Q: Elvis Presley $200 A: On TV, this singing dancer sometimes wore brown shoe to play "Tenspeed" Q: Ben Vereen $300 A: This pop singer appeared with country star Gary Morris is the opera "La Boheme" Q: Linda Ronstadt $400 A: This "okie from muskogee" was really born in Bakersfield, Cal. Q: Merle Haggard $500 A: The great Russian ballerina's last words were "get my swan costume ready" Q: Anna Pavlova ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Singers' Autobiographies ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Back in the saddle again" Q: Gene Autry $200 A: "Coal miner's daughter" Q: Loretta Lynn $300 A: "With love," " the man in the straw hat," & "I remember it well" Q: Maurice Chevalier $400 A: These sisters titles their book, "Same Song, Separate Voices" Q: Lennon Sisters $500 A: Blue-eyed folk singer who wrote about her romance with Stacy Keach in "Trust Your Heart" Q: Judy Collins ~~~~~~ Snakes ~~~~~~ $100 A: Also called the horned viper or Egyptian cobra, it was the kiss of death for Cleopatra Q: Asp $200 A: The heaviest of all poisonous snakes, this rattler isn't "a girl's best friend" Q: Diamondback $300 A: A spitting cobra aims its poison at this part of a victim Q: Eyes $400 A: Small horned desert rattler named for its unique twisting method of locomotion Q: Sidewinder $500 A: "Red & yellow, kill the fellow" refers to coloring patterns found on this dangerous snake Q: Coral Snake ~~~~~~ Soccer ~~~~~~ $100 A: At the beginning of a game, the choice of goal & kickoff is decided by this Q: Coin Toss $200 A: Tackling is taking the ball away from an opponent by using these Q: Feet $300 A: Number of players fielded by a soccer team Q: 11 $400 A: As in football, this infraction is indicated by grasping the wrist with the opposite hand Q: Holding $500 A: Country in which the 1994 world cup tournament will be held Q: United States ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Solar System ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though named for the god of the sea, this planet appears to be green not blue Q: Neptune $200 A: Though at least 95% of the atmosphere of Venus is this gas, there are no plans yet for a Venus cola Q: Carbon Dioxide $300 A: In 1950, the 1st measurements of this planet were made with the 200-inch telescope on Mt. Palomar Q: Pluto $400 A: The point in the orbit of a planet or comet when it's closest to the sun Q: Perihelion $500 A: Of the 3 crew members of Apollo 11, the civilian Q: Neil Armstrong ~~~~~~~~~~~ Song Lyrics ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's what the band did when "Casey would waltz with a strawberry blonde" Q: Played On $200 A: "I'm gonna sit right down & write myself a letter, & make believe it" did this Q: Came From You $300 A: Roy Orbison was "Going back some day come what may" to this place 14 years before Linda Rostradt Q: Blue Bayou $400 A: In "Funny Girl," Fanny Brice sang, "Don't bring around a cloud to" do this Q: Rain On My Parade $500 A: These went "Zing!" in the title line that follows "Dear, with your lips to mine, a rhapsody divine" Q: The Strings of My Heart ~~~~~ Songs ~~~~~ $100 A: It's what "she'll be comin' round" Q: The Mountain $200 A: In 1956 and '57, fats Domino had back to back hits with this color in the title Q: Blue $300 A: Little Richard, the Everly brothers, & Kenny Rogers all sang about a woman named this Q: Lucille $400 A: Eliza Doolittle "could have" done this "all night! & still have begged for more" Q: Danced $500 A: Song from "Annie" that ends with "you're always a day away" Q: Tomorrow ~~~~~~~~~ Soul Food ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Mammy's little baby loves it Q: Shortnin' Bread $200 A: Also called groundnuts or goobers Q: Peanuts $300 A: A fried fritter named for the hungry dot it "hushed" Q: Hush Puppy $400 A: Hominy and Grits are both made of this grain Q: Corn $500 A: Southern pancake grain or a "Little Rascal" Q: Buckwheat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ South America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This "Land of Silver" exports more beef than any other South American country Q: Argentina $200 A: You'd "C" Cucuta, Cali & Cartagena in this country Q: Colombia $300 A: What you do with yerba mate Q: Drink It $400 A: In 1911, Hiram Bingham discovered ruins of the great medieval city of Machu Picchu in this country Q: Peru $500 A: With an October to February season, it's the only South American country whose national sport is baseball Q: Venezuela ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ South America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Oceangoing boats can travel 2300 miles up this river to Iquitos, Peru Q: Amazon $200 A: Over 1/3 of its population lives in its capital, Montevideo Q: Uruguay $300 A: The Spaniards named this country little Vernice, after the Italian city Q: Venezuela $400 A: The only 1 of the Guianas that's still a colony Q: French Guiana $500 A: Famous William Hudson novel that set in the South American jungle Q: Green Mansions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Space & Aviation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1979, Pioneer II revealed that its rings are composed of ice-covered rocks Q: Saturn $200 A: The magazine "Gleanings in Bee Culture" published the 1st complete account of their early flights Q: Wright Brothers $300 A: 90,002 Americans currently hold Pam Am reservations to this destination, & they're not taking any more Q: Moon $400 A: Hughes president Steven Dorfman told NASA they'd be reimbursed for trying to save 1 with a flyswatter Q: Satellite $500 A: It was the power source of the Gossamer Condor, launched in 1977 Q: Man ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Speak of the Dickens ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Almost every year from 1843 to 1867 Dickens wrote a special story or book for this holiday Q: Christmas $200 A: George Cruikshank did these for "Oliver Twist" while Hablot K Browne or "Phiz" did them for other works Q: Illustrations $300 A: The Defarges run a wine shop in this novel Q: A Tale of Two Cities $400 A: It was the 1st novel Dickens wrote in the 1st person, probably because it was so personal Q: David Copperfield $500 A: Dickens described this condition as "a London particular" in the novel "Bleak House" Q: Fog ~~~~~~~~ Spelling ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A space from which all or most of the air has been removed, or a Hoover Q: Vacuum $200 A: In fish restaurants, restrooms are often marked "gulls" & this Q: Buoys $300 A: Word always used to describe Al Yankovic, who "lost on Jeopardy" Q: Weird $400 A: To spell in an incorrect way Q: Misspell $500 A: From the French, a person employed to drive a motor vehicle Q: Chauffeur ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sport of Kings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nicknamed "The Shoe," he holds the record for single season wins Q: Willie Shoemaker $200 A: Type of betting whose name is from the French for "mutual stake" Q: Pari-Mutuel $300 A: The oldest race in the triple crown Q: Belmont Stakes $400 A: A 3/4 mile race is this long in furlongs Q: 6 $500 A: In 1919-20, this 4-legged "battleship" won 20 of 21 starts Q: Man O' War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sport of Kings ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The pari-mutuel system lets you place one of these legally Q: Bet $200 A: A race where faster horses carry more weight than slower ones Q: Handicap Race $300 A: Racehorse that runs well on a wet track, or a Bronx mommy Q: Mudder $400 A: The oldest race in the triple crown Q: Belmont Stakes $500 A: In 1919-20, this 4-legged "battleship" won 20 of 21 starts Q: Man O'War ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: Sport which scores in increments of 1, 3, 6 and occasionally 2 points Q: Football $200 A: In baseball, if a fair ball pops out of the glove of an outfielder, & over the fence, it's ruled this Q: Home Run $300 A: When Judges' marks are announced for gymnastics events, these 2 scores are discarded Q: Highest & Lowest $400 A: Sport in which Australia might beat Pakistan by an inning & 21 runs Q: Cricket $500 A: In this, you get 1 point for each stone in the house & closer to the tee than any stone of the opposing side Q: Curling ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1982, Gordon Johncock won this auto race by only .16 seconds over Rick Mears Q: Indianapolis 500 $200 A: Its regulation circumference is 26-27" so watch out when it gets spiked at 70 M.P.H. Q: Volleyball $300 A: The 1st world championships of this ocean sport were held in the early 1960's in Australia Q: Surfing $400 A: Baseball was supposedly invented in this N.Y. village, now home to the Baseball Hall of Fame Q: Cooperstown $500 A: The 1950 U.S. defeat of England has been called the greatest upset in the history of this sport Q: Soccer ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: The team of Pam Shriver & this champion have won more women's doubles titles than any other team Q: Martina Navratilova $200 A: In golf, a bunker isn't a fortified position, but this type of hazard Q: Sand Trap $300 A: "Trick" term for a player scoring 3 goals in 1 game Q: Hat Trick $400 A: The only woman since Sonja Henie to win the gold in ladies' figure skating at 2 consecutive Olympics Q: Katarina Witt $500 A: After the Atlanta Braves went on a 17-game losing streak in 1977, he made himself the team's manager Q: Ted Turner ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: Nickname of the dragster Don Garlits Q: Big Daddy $200 A: In 1916, Georgia Tech beat Cumberland College 222-0 in this sport Q: Football $300 A: A hackel is a long, narrow neck feather, usually from a cock, used by fisherman to make these Q: Flies $400 A: After losing 737 games in just 7 years, they won the 1969 world series Q: New York Mets $500 A: Diving position where diver stays bent at hips with legs held straight & grasps the back of the knees Q: Pike ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the run for the roses in the Bluegrass State Q: Kentucky Derby $200 A: In Japan, its name is sumo, in nightclubs, its name is mud Q: Wrestling $300 A: Legendary site of the 1st baseball game & the baseball Hall of Fame Q: Cooperstown NY $400 A: Her hairstyle & style on the ice made her famous in the 1976 Olympics Q: Dorothy Hamill $500 A: Great-grandson of chief Black Hawk & one of the 1st in the NFL Hall of Fame Q: Jim Thorpe ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: A perfect score in bowling, or the length of a football field in feet Q: 300 $200 A: NFL & Major League Baseball teams are both named for this bird Q: Cardinal $300 A: Baseball's "earned run average" is a measure of prowess at this position Q: Pitcher $400 A: Total number of minutes in a pro basketball game Q: 48 $500 A: He was coach of the Chicago Bears for nearly 40 years Q: George Halas ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: When James Naismith invented it in 1891, he used peach baskets Q: Basketball $200 A: In a perfect game in this sport, you score 300 Q: Bowling $300 A: Joan Benoit's type of road race Q: Marathon $400 A: "The Hogs" block for this NFL team Q: Washington Redskins $500 A: After surviving a car wreck, this former Dodger catcher wrote "It's Good to be Alive" Q: Roy Campanella ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: Olympic sport divided into "freestyle" & "greco-roman" Q: Wrestling $200 A: In basketball it's dribbling with both hands or resuming to dribble after you've stopped Q: Double Dribbling $300 A: Baseball's senior circuit Q: National League $400 A: In hockey, where you're sitting if you're in the "sin bin" Q: Penalty Box $500 A: Sport where you could find someone working on the "chain gang" Q: Football ~~~~~~ Sports ~~~~~~ $100 A: This popular offshoot of soccer evolved after Harvard insisted upon playing "the Boston game" Q: Football $200 A: Term for skiing across the face of a hill Q: Traversing $300 A: 4 horses died & only 9 of 29 finished in England's 1954 Grand National, this kind of race Q: Steeplechase $400 A: In 1934, as a beginning pro. this great heavyweight won only $52 for his 1st fight Q: Joe Louis $500 A: From the German for "bowling pin," it's a nickname for a bowler Q: Kegler ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Dates ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When he won the U.S. amateur golf title in 1959, this "Golden Bear" was just a cub Q: Jack Nicklaus $200 A: This Yankee "Iron Horse" played 2,219 games, beginning June 2, 1925 Q: Lou Gehrig $300 A: At a Penna High School in Feb. 1938, this athletic event was called due to fog--in the gym! Q: A Basketball Game $400 A: Wyoming seminary & Mansfield teachers college played the 1st night game in this sport in 1892 Q: Football $500 A: On July 4, 1981, John McEnroe stopped him from winning a 6th straight Wimbledon championship Q: Bjorn Borg ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Stadiums ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The house that Ruth built" Q: Yankee Stadium $200 A: Boston's "green monster" is in this stadium Q: Fenway Park $300 A: Major league baseball's 1st domed stadium is in this city Q: Houston $400 A: The Chicago Cubs can now go out and play at night here Q: Wrigley Field $500 A: Ann Arbor school that has the largest U.S. college stadium Q: University of Michigan ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Rowdy" Roddy Piper, Andre the Giant & "The Road Warrior" are among the "Heavies" in this sport Q: Wrestling $200 A: The British Princess competed in Equestrian events in the 1976 Olympics Q: Anne $300 A: From Scandinavian for "shoot," its goal is hitting clay targets thrown into the air Q: Skeet Shooting $400 A: Pitching for the Yankees, he threw a perfect game in the 1956 world series Q: Don Larsen $500 A: At 200' below sea level, the lowest golf course in the world is in this California "Low" spot Q: Death Valley ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Until the speedway was built in 1959, the auto races were held on this Florida beach Q: Daytona Beach $200 A: In 1927 the Toronto St. Patricks took this more botanical name Q: Maple Leafs $300 A: Field position in baseball in which one can get "knocked out of the box" Q: Pitcher $400 A: In 1 day, May 25, 1935, he equaled or broke 4 track & field world records Q: Jesse Owens $500 A: Oreo cookie eater whose Palm Springs LPGA tournament is sponsored by Nabisco Q: Dinah Shore ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A perfect score in figure skating Q: 6 $200 A: Italy & this South American nation have won the most world cups in soccer Q: Brazil $300 A: The real name of this great middleweight was Walker Smith, Jr. Q: Sugar Ray Robinson $400 A: IN 1924, this Boston team was the 1st American team to join the NHL Q: Bruins $500 A: Game where 2 four-man teams slide stones over ice toward a circle Q: Curling ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At age 21, Dwight Filley Davis donated this sport's famous cup Q: Tennis $200 A: Sport whose front line could be abbreviated LE, LT, LG, C, RG, RT, RE Q: Football $300 A: This paper celebrated its 100th anniversary on March 11, 1986 Q: Sporting News $400 A: Shoichi Nakajima did it from Korea to Japan & plans to try it from Hawaii to San Francisco Q: Windsurf $500 A: When Bernhard Langer won this April tourney, he became Germany's most famous golfer since Hermann Tissies Q: Masters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "B" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Goodyear's gasbag Q: Blimp $200 A: Nickname of Gil Gerard's futuristic captain William Rogers Q: Buck $300 A: In the proverb, a "new one" sweeps clean Q: Broom $400 A: Quality of a Scot's brogue which makes the "R" r-r-r-oll Q: Burr $500 A: Australian bay named for the many plants growing on its shore Q: Botany Bay ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "G" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This blessing can be said either before or after a meal Q: Grace $200 A: A notable exploit, whether or not it's performed by a man named Beau Q: Geste $300 A: It's the short last name of John Robert, the Irishman known for his shorthand Q: Gregg $400 A: From the word for hunted meat, it can mean off-color or off-flavor Q: Gamy $500 A: Stheno, Euryale, & Medusa Q: Gorgons ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "G" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: First American to orbit the Earth in space Q: John Glenn $200 A: "Oscar" is to acting as this is to music Q: Grammy $300 A: "Adolescent" version of the cucumber Q: Gherkin $400 A: "Away he'll shlep with his elephant shep, while Stella & Ursula sway in step" Q: George of the Jungle $500 A: This poisonous lizard is only found in the southwest U.S. Q: Gila Monster ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "H" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Hawaiian hip heaving Q: Hula $200 A: Half the earth Q: Hemisphere $300 A: A football "conference" or to gather together for warmth Q: Huddle $400 A: Bruce banner's incredible bad side Q: Hulk $500 A: The height of horse is measured in these 4-inch units Q: Hands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "K" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Popular type of Japanese theater Q: Kabuki $200 A: If a Scotsman's skirt is crooked, you might say it's "out of" this Q: Kilter $300 A: These have been worn since the 7th centure, but the familiar wide obis weren't added until over 1,000 years later Q: Kimonos $400 A: Pretentious bad taste, especially in the arts Q: Kitsch $500 A: Sudanese capital whose name means elephant's trunk Q: Khartoum ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "Kn" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A short, thick German sausage Q: Knockwurst $200 A: It was Tennessee's 1st state capital Q: Knoxville $300 A: A trinket, a gewgaw Q: Knickknack $400 A: A varlet Q: Knave $500 A: A hilarious joke might be described as "a real" one of these Q: Kneeslapper ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "M" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Daniel Boone's cherokee chum, played by Ed Ames Q: Mingo $200 A: Planet Flash Gorden saved the Earth from Q: Mongo $300 A: Native to India, this tree of the Sumax family, is prized for its fruit Q: Mango $400 A: Goes with "Jerrie" for a T.S. Eliot cat Q: Mungo $500 A: When it precedes "cane," it's a dog's world Q: Mondo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "U" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A "Monocycle" Q: Unicycle $200 A: Howard, Emory, & Rice, among others Q: Universities $300 A: A final proposition or demand made by 1 of 2 negotiating parties Q: Ultimatum $400 A: In psychology the part of the mind that rarely has awareness Q: Unconscious $500 A: Formerly called Urga, it's the capital of Mongolia Q: Ulan Bator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts with "V" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: From Latin for "hunting," it's the flesh of a deer Q: Venison $200 A: Broadcasting's VOA stands for this Q: Voice of America $300 A: Vanuatu, Vatican City, & these two other independent countries begin with V Q: Vietnam & Venezuela $400 A: From the old French "To come." it's the location of a gathering such as an Olympic event Q: Venue $500 A: The foremost position in an army or fleet Q: Vanguard ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts With "Vi" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cranberries grow on these Q: Vines $200 A: A treacherous person or a venomous snake Q: Viper $300 A: From a French word for "face," it's the front piece of a knight's helmet Q: Visor $400 A: A, C, D, E, or K Q: Vitamin $500 A: Government official whose title means "in place of the king" Q: Viceroy ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Starts With "W" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In professional boxing, it's the classification of a boxer whose weight is 136-147 pounds Q: Welterweight $200 A: Warp, weft & woof are terms used in this process Q: Weaving $300 A: While skiers "think snow," river rafters think this Q: White Water $400 A: Business lunches, interest charges, & alimony, for example Q: Write-Offs $500 A: This 20th century newspaperman is credited with making the gossip column a regular feature in newspapers Q: Walter Winchell ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Juneau was its capital when it became a U.S. state; Sitka was its capital under Russian rule Q: Alaska $200 A: Originally called "Waterloo," it's the capital of Texas Q: Austin $300 A: State whose capital is properly pronounced "peer" Q: South Dakota $400 A: Though Augusta, GA is much larger, the only Augusta that's a state capital is here Q: Maine $500 A: State capital that's home to a service academy Q: Annapolis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Until 1875 its dual capitals were Hartford & New Haven Q: Connecticut $200 A: This New Mexico town is the oldest city that's a state capital Q: Santa Fe $300 A: Crossing the Delaware on Christmas Day, 1776, Washington defeated the Hessians at this New Jersey Capital Q: Trenton $400 A: It actually is 5,280 feet above sea level Q: Denver $500 A: It's the capital of the nation's smallest & most densely populated state Q: Providence ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Holidays ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Kamehameha Day is celebrated on June 11 in this state Q: Hawaii $200 A: In Maryland, Vermont, New Hampshire & South Dakota, it's always observed on May 30 Q: Memorial Day $300 A: Huey P. Long Day, August 30, is a holiday in this state, but only if proclaimed by the governor Q: Louisiana $400 A: October holiday called pioneer's day in South Dakota & discoverer's day in Hawaii Q: Columbus Day $500 A: May 8th, his birthday, is a legal holiday in Missouri Q: Harry S Truman ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ States in Song ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's where I came from with a banjo on my knee Q: Alabama $200 A: According to the Beach Boys' hit, it's the state with the cutest girls in the world Q: California $300 A: Elvis sang of this state's rain; Neil Diamond of it woman Q: Kentucky $400 A: In alternative lyrics to "I've Been Working on the Railroad," this state's eyes are upon you Q: Texas $500 A: Patti Page Hit that is an official song of a southern state Q: Tennessee Waltz ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Super Heroes ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's been played by Reeves & Reeve Q: Superman $200 A: There's no need to fear knowing that Wally Cox gave this hero his voice Q: Underdog $300 A: Rodent who would cry, here I am, to save the day" Q: Mighty Mouse $400 A: His archenemy, Dr. Sivana, nicknamed him "The Big Cheese" Q: Captain Marvel $500 A: Originally Reed Richards, his wife Sue, the Human Torch & the Thing Q: Fantastic Four ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Superstitions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: They say it's bad luck to put this shoe on 1st Q: Left $200 A: Supposedly, a bee can't do this while you're holding your breath Q: Sting You $300 A: Sticking a piece of this on the top of a baseball cap bring good luck to the team Q: Chewing Gum $400 A: Dark-colored socks with this color toes protect you from being tripped by elves Q: White $500 A: A mouse, roasted, minced & eaten, will cure a child of this childhood disease Q: Measles ~~~~~~ Sweets ~~~~~~ $100 A: The "Joy of cooking" recipe for these makes "About 8 5" long fat men or 16 thinner ones" Q: Gingerbread Men $200 A: These desserts can be Indian, cottage, cabinet or rice Q: Puddings $300 A: Pastry chefs know that sugar is mixed with these to make meringue Q: Egg Whites $400 A: Pralines are most commonly made with this nut Q: Pecan $500 A: The part of Great Britain best known for its shortbread Q: Scotland ~~~~~~~~~~~ Switzerland ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Swiss national hero known for shooting an apple off his son's head Q: William Tell $200 A: Johanna Spyri's children's classic about a mountain girl Q: Heidi $300 A: Its 4 national languages are German, French, Romanish & this Q: Italian $400 A: The "Gnomes of Zurich" are these Q: Bankers $500 A: What a swiss state is called or the name of a large city in China Q: Canton ~~~~~~~~~~ Technology ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the 1960's, most beverage cans were made of steel; now most are made of this Q: Aluminum $200 A: Otis built a new 29-story skyscraper without offices to test elevators & these Q: Escalators $300 A: In 1984, for the 1st time, the Census Bureau megan keeping track of these non-human workers Q: Robots $400 A: In November 1936 a government corporation in this country began the world's 1st scheduled TV programming Q: Great Britain $500 A: This building material consists of sun-dried mud brick reinforced with straw Q: Adobe ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This NBC series won Emmys in 8 categories in 1981, a single-season record Q: Hill Street Blues $200 A: Fred MacMurray was considered for this role before Raymond Burr landed it Q: Perry Mason $300 A: Name of the variety show Rob Petrie wrote for Q: Alan Brady Show $400 A: This sitcom could have been called "Fred & Lamont" Q: Sanford & Son $500 A: The "coke time" crooner of the 50's Q: Eddie Fisher ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nickname for the "Pacific Princess," it was also the name of a series Q: Love Boat $200 A: Rhoda," "Phyllis," & Lou Grant" were all spun off this series Q: The Mary Tyler Moore Show $300 A: According to the title, How Ann Romano Brought Up Julie & Barbara Q: One Day at a Time $400 A: Bette Davis checked into & out of this series Q: Hotel $500 A: Laura Holt's "Iron Man," played by Pierce Brosnan Q: Remington Steele ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Actor who traded his female finery on "M.A.S.H" for a suit & tie in "Aftermash" Q: Jamie Farr $200 A: After "Hart to Hart" she co-starred in the miniseries "Mistral's daughter" Q: Stefanie Powers $300 A: He left his "prairie" home for a "highway to heaven" Q: Michael Landon $400 A: We "wonder" if you remember she was Loni Anderson's partner in "Partners in Crime" Q: Lynda Carter $500 A: Late star whose daughter Kate appeared with him in the miniseries "Ellis Island" Q: Richard Burton ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's gone from Chachi in Milwaukee to "Charles in charge" Q: Scott Baio $200 A: In "He & She", Richard Benjamin was He and this actress, his wife was She Q: Paula Prentiss $300 A: Branch of the service where "Major Dad" serves Q: Marine Corps $400 A: State Dick Loudon's Inn is in Q: Vermont $500 A: Thursday night stars Phylicia Ayers-Allen & Judith light both came from this soap Q: One Life to Live ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tennessee Williams ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Season he paired with "smoke" & "suddenly" Q: Summer $200 A: "The Roman spring of Mrs. Stone" was one of only two he had published Q: Novels $300 A: Play which featured a gentleman caller & was originally called "the gentleman caller" Q: The Glass Menagerie $400 A: His real first name Q: Thomas $500 A: He rewrote the 3rd act of "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" at the request of this stage & screen director Q: Elia Kazan ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1700's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1796, the population of this Asian nation was 275 million Q: China $200 A: In 1755, an earthquake killed 30,000 people in this Portuguese city Q: Lisbon $300 A: In 1709, Russian prisoners were sent here for the first time Q: Siberia $400 A: The last eruption of this Japanese Volcano occurred in 1707 Q: Fujiyama $500 A: The U.S. congress met for the 1st time under the constitution in this year Q: 1789 ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1930's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1939 he said, "as soon as I've carried out my program for Germany, I shall take up painting" Q: Adolf Hitler $200 A: In 1933, the Mayo Clinic established the 1st "bank" of this type Q: Blood Bank $300 A: His entire reign as king of England was in 1936 Q: Edward VIII $400 A: Constantinople officially changed its name to this in 1930 Q: Istanbul $500 A: In 1931, he received an 11-year sentence for tax evasion, but was released mortally ill, in 1939 Q: Al Capone ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1950's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A reproduction of this famous ship sailed from Plymouth, England to Massachusetts in 1957 Q: Mayflower $200 A: Testifying before a senate committee in 1957, teamster president Dave Beck invoked this some 80 times Q: Fifth Amendment $300 A: In April 1955, for the 1st time in 33 years of publication, reader's digest carried these Q: Advertisements $400 A: Occupation of William Howard Mays that put him in the news Q: Baseball Player $500 A: This industrialist sold RKO Pictures to general tire in July 1955 Q: Howard Hughes ~~~~~~~~~~ The 1970's ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After he died January 13, 1978, his widow Muriel was appointed to fill out his senate term Q: Hubert Humphrey $200 A: He escaped 2 assassination attempts in September 1975 Q: Gerald Ford $300 A: On November 16, 1973 president Nixon signed the bill authorizing construction of this 789-mile long project Q: Alaska Pipeline $400 A: In 1975 NASA launched Viking I & II, & in 1977 launched 2 space probes with this name Q: Voyager $500 A: In 1976 president Ford awarded this piano virtuoso the medal of freedom, the highest U.S. civilian honor Q: Arthur Rubinstein ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The 20th Century ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1950, its command in Korea included the U.S. 8th army & the Republic of Korea army Q: United Nations $200 A: Albania declared itself independent of this empire in November 1912 Q: Ottoman Empire $300 A: In June 1947, 90 tons of food were sent to war-ravaged Italy by this Argentine president Q: Juan Peron $400 A: Born in a Tennessee log cabin, Cordell Hull held this cabinet post from 1933-44 Q: Secretary of State $500 A: In 1927 the supreme court ruled the lease of these Wyoming oil reserves fraudulent Q: Teapot Dome ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The 20th Century ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He was assassinated October 6, 1981, 8 years to the day after he launched the Yom Kippur War Q: Anwar Sadat $200 A: In 1986, the U.S. suspended our Anzus Treaty obligations to this country due to its ban on nuclear weapons Q: New Zealand $300 A: In August 1988, U.S. Secretary General Perez De Cuellar announced a cease fire between these 2 nations Q: Iran & Iraq $400 A: To symbolize their resolve not to fight each other again, these 2 countries built the Christ of the Andes Q: Chile & Argentina $500 A: The 1919 massacre of Indian nationalists in this city was portrayed in the 1982 film "Gandhi" Q: Amritsar ~~~~~~~~ The 30's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In October 1939, Dupont brought out stockings made of this artificial fiber Q: Nylon $200 A: The Mrs. Putnam who disappeared over the Pacific in 1937 Q: Amelia Earhart $300 A: The British actress who won an Oscar for her role in 1939's "Best Picture" Q: Vivien Leigh $400 A: The bandleader of "Baker's broadcast," he married co-star Harriet Hilliard Q: Ozzie Nelson $500 A: On March 3, 1931, this president made "The Star Spangled Banner" our national anthem Q: Herbert Hoover ~~~~~~~~ The 30's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In theater, Kaufman & Ferber's "dinner" time Q: Eight $200 A: Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings novel that won the 1939 Pulitzer Prize Q: The Yearling $300 A: Winter Olympic champ in '32 who "iced" her success with movie stardom Q: Sonja Henie $400 A: India's "great soul" who began "a fast unto death" in 1932 Q: Mahatma Gandhi $500 A: In 1933, Joe Zangara killed Chicago's mayor Cernak but missed this main target Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt ~~~~~~~~ The 40's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though "faster than a speeding bullet," he was ruled 4-F Q: Superman $200 A: By war's end, they had banked over 13 million units of blood for plasma Q: Red Cross $300 A: Not his sining, but a lack of lunch caused a fan to swoon at his paramount theater concert Q: Frank Sinatra $400 A: Destination of McArthur's "I shall return" Q: The Philippines $500 A: Wartime pseudonym of Mrs. Iva Toguri D'Aquino Q: Tokyo Rose ~~~~~~~~ The 50's ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Developer William J. Levitt built 3 suburban communities all named this Q: Levittown $200 A: After posing for pictures, she was asked what she had on & replied, "the radio" Q: Marilyn Monroe $300 A: John & Stewart Alsop Revived the word "egghead" to describe this candidate's supporters Q: Adlai Stevenson $400 A: San Francisco police confiscated this beat poet's epic "howl" when it 1st came out Q: Allen Ginsberg $500 A: "Brown vs. Board of Education" dealt with school segregation in this Midwest city Q: Topeka Kansas ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Americas ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Spaniards named this Central American country the "rich coast" Q: Costa Rica $200 A: The only borough of NYC not connected to Manhattan by a bridge or tunnel Q: Staten Island $300 A: Niagara Falls borders on this Canadian province Q: Ontario $400 A: This capital of the largest U.S. state is twice the size of the smallest state Q: Juneau $500 A: The only country with a flag whose front & back differ, its capital is Asuncion Q: Paraguay ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When "Joshua fit the battle of Jericho," these took a tumble Q: Walls $200 A: His price was 30 pieces of silver Q: Judas $300 A: Jesus urged, "don't cast your pearls before..." them Q: Swine $400 A: Though it means "city of peace," it's seen over 30 wars, the last in 1967 Q: Jerusalem $500 A: According to 1st Timothy, love of this is "the root of all evil" Q: Money ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This doubter wanted to put his finger into the nail marks on Jesus' palm Q: Thomas $200 A: In Exodus 3, one of these burned, but wouldn't burn up Q: Bush $300 A: Nephew whom Abraham rescued in Genesis 14, he also needed rescuing from Sodom by Genesis 19 Q: Lot $400 A: King whose reign was so rich that silver was said to have been as common as stones in Jerusalem Q: Solomon $500 A: It's the battlefield where good & evil will fight their final battle Q: Armageddon ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Jesus catered a dinner for thousands with 7 loaves of bread & a few of these Q: Fish $200 A: Both Joseph in the old testament & Jesus in the new were "sold" for this substance Q: Silver $300 A: He was a harp player as well as a giant killer Q: David $400 A: The 12 tribes of Israel were named for his sons Q: Jacob $500 A: "The last supper" was an observance of this Jewish holiday Q: Passover ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "The Lord gave & the Lord hath taken away, blessed be the name of the Lord," he said patiently Q: Job $200 A: The old testament has two books of kings, Chronicles, and of this prophet Q: Samuel $300 A: "As for me & my house, we shall serve the Lord," said this successor to Moses Q: Joshua $400 A: The Lord gave this son to Ada & Eve to take the place of Abel Q: Seth $500 A: The people of Lystra believed he & Barnabas were the gods Mercury & Jupiter Q: Paul ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This group is probably best known for the Bibles it places in hotel rooms Q: Gideons $200 A: The last word of the new testament Q: Amen $300 A: Abraham was four scope & 7 years old when this son born to him by Hagar turned 1 Q: Ishmael $400 A: The lyrics of The Byrds' hit "turn, turn, turn" come from this book of the Bible Q: Ecclesiastes $500 A: Now-disputed strip of land where Samson brought down the house Q: Gaza ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Signs that a person was "in" this included torn clothes, ashes on the dead, & wearing sackcloth Q: Mourning $200 A: He encouraged his son Solomon to build the temple & even gave him the plans Q: King David $300 A: Deuteronomy ends with his death at age 120 on a mountain overlooking the promised land Q: Moses $400 A: Jesus told his disciples, "the very hairs of your head are all" this Q: Numbered $500 A: According to Mark, he was the "voice crying in the wilderness" Q: John the Baptist ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to the Bible, he gave Eve her name Q: Adam $200 A: The 2nd book of the old testament Q: Exodus $300 A: Idol built of old jewelry while Moses was on the mountain Q: Golden Calf $400 A: Jewish holiday when the Book of Esther is read Q: Purim $500 A: As he was riding it, his ass spoke to him Q: Balaam ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Among the 31 kings he smote were the kings of Megiddo, Dor & Jericho Q: Joshua $200 A: Jewish holiday that commemorates the events in Exodus 12 Q: Passover $300 A: In Exodus 3:5, God ordered him to take his shoes off Q: Moses $400 A: The 2 types of birds Noah sent out to check for dry land Q: Dove & Raven $500 A: He was stoned at Lystra Q: Paul ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Big Top ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Circus" is Latin for these, of which most large American circuses have 3 Q: Rings $200 A: You'd flip, flip, flip over A. Concello, the 1st woman to perform this stunt on the flying trapeze Q: Triple Somersault $300 A: In 1826, Howe & Turner were the 1st to present their shows in one of these Q: Tent $400 A: Fancy name for a tightrope walker Q: Funambulist $500 A: This Florida city, called "Circus City," is the home of the ringling museum Q: Sarasota ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Body Human ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Over 400 of these account for about 40% of your body's weight, more perhaps for Arnold Schwarzenegger Q: Muscles $200 A: Nails grow from this top layer of skin Q: Epidermis $300 A: Heartburn is not a burning sensation in the heart but in this tube Q: Esophagus $400 A: The anatomical name for the voice box Q: Larynx $500 A: This hormone causes cells to take in & use sugar from the bloodstream Q: Insulin ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The British Isles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It shares an island with Scotland & Wales Q: England $200 A: This country's highest mountain range, Magillycuddy's reeks, only reach to 3,419 feet Q: Ireland $300 A: "Nationality" of the melted chesse dish known as rarebit, no matter where you eat it Q: Welsh $400 A: Cats, dogs & budgerigars, an Aussie variety of these, are the most popular English pets Q: Parakeets $500 A: The "royal" & "sadler's wells company" are the 2 principal London practitioners of this art form Q: Opera ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Carolinas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This author, once stationed at Charleston as a sergeant major, used it as his setting for "The Gold Bug" Q: Edgar Allan Poe $200 A: This island was named for an 18th century treasurer of South Carolina; tell it to the marines Q: Parris Island $300 A: The largest city in the Carolinas bears this woman's name Q: Charlotte $400 A: These, on the border between North Carolina & Tennessee, were named for the haze hanging over them Q: Great Smoky Mountains $500 A: Governor John White of North Carolina was the grandfather of this 1st English child born in the Americas Q: Virginia Dare ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Carolinas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This author, once stationed at Charleston as a sergeant major, used it as his setting for "the gold bug" Q: Edgar Allan Poe $200 A: This island was named for an 18th century treasurer of South Carolina; tell it to the marines Q: Parris Island $300 A: The largest city in the Carolinas bears this woman's name Q: Charlotte $400 A: These, on the border between North Carolina & Tennessee, were named for the haze hanging over them Q: Great Smoky Mountains $500 A: Governor John White of North Carolina was the grandfather of this 1st English child born in the Americas Q: Virginia Dare ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though shots fired at this Garrison started the war, no casualties resulted Q: Fort Sumter $200 A: He was Lincoln's first choice to lead the Union Army Q: Robert E. Lee $300 A: State that seceded from state that seceded Q: West Virginia $400 A: General nicknamed "Uncle Billy" who believed in total war Q: William Tecumseh Sherman $500 A: John Breckinridge, who held this office under Buchanan, became a confederate general Q: Vice President ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Completes the inscription on a Civil War campaign medal "with malic toward none, with..." Q: Charity For All $200 A: Present at Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, he went on to lose a June 1876 Indian battle Q: George Armstrong Custer $300 A: The widow of confederate general B.H. Helm was offered amnesty because she was this woman's half sister Q: Mary Todd Lincoln $400 A: Known for his charge at Gettysburg, he sold insurance after the war Q: George Pickett $500 A: As secretary of state at the time, he signed the Emancipation Proclamation as a witness Q: William Seward ~~~~~~~~~~ The Comics ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: There's a statue of him in Crystal City, Texas, erected by spinach growers Q: Popeye $200 A: This bow-tied redhead has been going to Riverdale High for over 45 years Q: Archie Andrews $300 A: The Walt Kelly comic character who first said, "We have met the enemy & he is us" Q: Pogo $400 A: Bratty brothers whose German name means both "hangover" & the yowling of cats" Q: Katzenjammer Kids $500 A: On December 15, Peanuts' Schroeder celebrates that birthday of this man Q: Beethoven ~~~~~~~~~~ The Comics ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: There's a statue of him in Crystal City, Texas, "spinach capital of the world" Q: Popeye $200 A: Neighbor whom Dennis the Menace mostly menaces Q: Mr. Wilson $300 A: Batman's enemy, the Joker, has hair this color Q: Green $400 A: The adjective that most often describes Hagar Q: Horrible $500 A: In 1969, the crew of Apollo 10 named its Lunar Module after this comic strip pet Q: Snoopy ~~~~~~~~~~ The Desert ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Types of these include old-man, hedgehog & barrel Q: Cacti $200 A: This "lowest point" figured in Ronald Reagan's career Q: Death Valley $300 A: Greek for "fertile land," buildings are built around, but not on, one of these watering spots Q: Oasis $400 A: Artist famous for her paintings of the deserts of the American southwest Q: Georgia O'Keefe $500 A: Coldest, most northern desert in the world Q: Gobi ~~~~~~~~~ The Emmys ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This best children's series of 1955 was a real dog Q: Lassie $200 A: Calypso singer who was the 1st black to win an Emmy Q: Harry Belafonte $300 A: 60's winner starring Rowan & Martin Q: Laugh-In $400 A: After 13 years on this western, "doc" won an Emmy Q: Gunsmoke $500 A: Current late night host whose daytime show won an Emmy after being canceled Q: David Letterman ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Funnies ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This fat cat celebrated his 10th anniversary with a TV special in May 1988 on CBS Q: Garfield $200 A: In June 1988 she fell in love with Sluggo but he was afraid to commit so it only lasted a week Q: Nancy $300 A: This creator of "Steve Canyon" died in April 1988 Q: Milton Caniff $400 A: He rules his legion fort with an iron fist, literally Q: Vermin Crock $500 A: The last name of this comic strip couple is sometimes Flagston Q: Hi & Lois ~~~~~~~~ The Home ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of the average shower & bath, the one that uses less water Q: Shower $200 A: The food elevator named for the silent service it provides Q: Dumbwaiter $300 A: Tuber that soaks up excess salt when added to your stew Q: Potato $400 A: Trickle, trundle, Murphy & now futons Q: Beds $500 A: These roung wooden shingles give houses a rustic look Q: Shakes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Human Body ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A phalanx, it's often stubbed Q: Toe $200 A: Off the top of my head, I'd say it's at the top of the axial skeleton Q: Skull $300 A: Longest, strongest bone in the body Q: Femus $400 A: It's a spherical structure about 1" in diameter, with a pronounced bulge on its forward surface Q: Eye $500 A: In the average person they comprise about 40% of the body's weight Q: Muscles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The King's English ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The additional letter in the British spelling of "honor" & "color" Q: U $200 A: What w.c. literally stands for Q: Water Closet $300 A: What a "minder" is Q: Bodyguard $400 A: An American family goes on vacation while a British family goes on this Q: Holiday $500 A: If you get into a tube you're not mailing yourself, you're in one of these Q: Subway ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Lone Ranger ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Horse to whom the ranger yelled, "hi-yo" Q: Silver $200 A: The radio series began in 1933 on WXYZ in this Michigan city Q: Detroit $300 A: After the 1981 movie, TV's Calyton Moore was forbidden by the court to wear this Q: Mask $400 A: Source of the Lone Ranger's income & ammunition Q: Silver Mine $500 A: Modern masked hero, Brit Reid, great-nephew of the Lone Ranger, John Reid Q: Green Hornet ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Military ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: All men must serve in the militia or pay a tax in this nation known for its neutrality Q: Switzerland $200 A: In a club or organization, this "military" officer keeps order Q: Sergeant at Arms $300 A: Navy duty drawn by Jack Nicholson in "The Last Detail" Q: Shore Patrol $400 A: Independent peasant soldiers of the Ukraine known for their horsemanship Q: Cossacks $500 A: British equivalent of America's west point Q: Sandhurst ~~~~~~~~ The Navy ~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In the war of 1812, captain James Lawrence gave this famous dying command Q: Don't Give Up the Ship $200 A: Acronym for "women accepted for volunteer emergency service" Q: Waves $300 A: Nickname for the "U.S.S. constitution" Q: Old Ironsides $400 A: In the declaration of independence, it's after "life," but in the Navy, it's after a long cruise Q: Liberty $500 A: The U.S. Naval Academy is in this state Q: Maryland ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The New World ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1862, La Salle claimed the lower Mississippi country for Louis XIV, calling it this Q: Louisiana $200 A: On February 6, 1952 she was proclaimed queen of Canada Q: Queen Elizabeth II $300 A: Discoverer of South America's Iguacu Falls, his name means "head of a cow" Q: Cabeza De Vaca $400 A: On September 7, 1922 Pedro declared this country's independence from Portugal Q: Brazil $500 A: In 1664, the English in the name of the Duke of this, seized Manhattan from the Dutch Q: York ~~~~~~~~~ The Ocean ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At 35,800 feet below sea level, it is the deepest spot in the ocean Q: Mariana Trench $200 A: The name for the tide flowing seaward Q: Ebb $300 A: Floating layer of microscopic marine life, it comes from the Greek word "to wander" Q: Plankton $400 A: Starfish are threatening this famous Australian coral formation Q: Great Barrier Reef $500 A: Thinking it flowed west, Ben Franklin misnamed this Caribbean current Q: Gulf Stream ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Odds Are ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After a coin has landed heads up 5 times, the odds of head on a new flip Q: Fifty-Fifty $200 A: In the U.S., it's 200 to 1 against getting a letter printed in dear Abby's or this twin's column Q: Ann Landers $300 A: In New Orleans, the odds are even that a thunderstorm will occur during the day in these 2 summer months Q: July & August $400 A: Odds change constantly until game time in this sport of Basque origin Q: Jai-Alai $500 A: American soldiers faced the greatest odds ever, 1 in 5, of dying during this war Q: Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Olympics ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1984, he became the 1st man since 1928 to win both the platform springboard diving events Q: Greg Louganis $200 A: The 500-meter version of this is the quickest timed event in the winter games, with a record of 36.45 seconds Q: Men's Speed Skating $300 A: This type of equestrian race was added to the ancient games in 680 B.C. Q: Chariot Racing $400 A: After the 1992 winter games in Albertville, France, the next winter games will be held in this year Q: 1994 $500 A: Competing in the 1924 & 1928 games, this U.S. swimmer won a total of 5 gold medals Q: Johnny Weissmuller ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His Oscar in 1932 wasn't for building a better mousetrap but a better mouse Q: Walt Disney $200 A: Laurence Olivier won Oscars as a king in Henry V and as a prince in this film Q: Hamlet $300 A: He has been nominated 3 times for acting in Italian language films; the latest was for "Dark Eyes" Q: Marcello Mastroianni $400 A: 3 of the 1st 4 actresses to win Oscars were born in this country, not the U.S. Q: Canada $500 A: His 1st directing nomination was for "last tango in Paris;" he won for directing "The Last Emperor" Q: Bernardo Bertolucci ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A 1950's Oscar-winning film was "All About" her Q: Eve $200 A: Song winner popularized by Debbie Boone that "lit up" the screen in 1977 Q: You Light Up My Life $300 A: He won the only acting award given posthumously, for the role in which he dies in "network" Q: Peter Finch $400 A: She won best actress for 1988's "The Accused" Q: Jodie Foster $500 A: She was the 1st black to win an Oscar Q: Hattie McDaniel ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This film of Forster's 1924 novel of British colonial rule picked up 2 Oscars Q: A Passage to India $200 A: His role in 1940's "Philadelphia Story" earned him an Oscar Q: James Stewart $300 A: Surgeon Haing S. Ngor won for his acting debut in this film which paralleled his life Q: The Killing Fields $400 A: Though he played "Amadeus," he lost the Oscar to co-star F. Murray Abraham Q: Tom Hulce $500 A: His "Life & Times" won in 1984 for best documentary feature Q: Harvey Milk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Roman Empire ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By the time he was appointed dictator in 49 B.C., the Roman Bread Dole had risen to 200,000 people Q: Julius Caesar $200 A: Since Agrippina was a niece of emperor Claudius, consent of this body was needed for them to wed Q: Senate $300 A: At one point in the 2nd Punic War, his forces almost annihilated the Roman army Q: Hannibal $400 A: under the Romans, this kingdom in the holy land included Jerusalem & Bethlehem Q: Judah $500 A: The largest provincial capital of the Roman Empire, it was once ruled by Marc Antony Q: Alexandria ~~~~~~~~~ The South ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: James Monroe so admired this man that he built a home near Monticello Q: Thomas Jefferson $200 A: Southern spoon bread is made with this type of meal & eaten with a spoon Q: Corn Meal $300 A: Separated from Florida's mainland by the Indian & banana rivers, this cape's name means "canebreak" Q: Cape Canaveral $400 A: Until the 1970's, Louisiana had the longest of these in the U.S., containing over 250,000 words Q: State Constitution $500 A: George Washington planned to drain & farm this huge swamp in Virginia Q: Great Dismal Swamp ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Universe ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Earth's orbit falls between these 2 planets Q: Venus & Mars $200 A: A typical one has 3 parts, the nucleus, the coma & the tail Q: Comet $300 A: Some almanacs don't mention the fact that Neptune's 3rd one of these was discovered in 1981 Q: Moon $400 A: The number of stars that can be found within our solar system Q: 1 $500 A: Italian astronomer Giuseppi Piazzi discovered the 1st of these bodies in our solar system in 1801 Q: Asteroid ~~~~~~~ Theater ~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Picnic," "Out Town," & "A Chorus Line" have all won this award given for writing, not performance Q: Pulitzer Prize $200 A: The crown guide to plays says Queen Victoria's 1st command performance was a play about this demon barber Q: Sweeney Todd $300 A: Saroyan's "The time of your life" is set in the waterfront district of this California city Q: San Francisco $400 A: In this Noel Coward comedy, Madame Arcati uses Irving Berlin's "Always" to go into a trance Q: Blithe Spirit $500 A: Characters in this O'Neill play include a steamship stoker & a gorilla Q: The Hairy Ape ~~~~~ Toast ~~~~~ $100 A: Sauteed egg-dipped bread Q: French Toast $200 A: A campfire confection Q: Toasted Marshmallow $300 A: Original name of "The Ed Sullivan Show" Q: Toast of the Town $400 A: "Rank" of George Jessel Q: Toastmaster General $500 A: Named for an Australian Soprano, it's thin, crisp bread Q: Melba Toast ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Toys & Games ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Parker Brothers has made balls, boomerangs & ping pong paddles out of a soft material they call this Q: Nerf $200 A: As scissors beats this, so this beats stone Q: Paper $300 A: Said to be a weapon in the Philippines, Duncan made them toys for the U.S. Q: Yo-yo $400 A: Thrown out as useless by G.E. in 1949, this stretchy stuff became a national fad Q: Silly Putty $500 A: Total number of dots on the highest domino Q: 12 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Toys & Games ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Number of pockets on a pool table Q: 6 $200 A: Color that always has the opening move in chess Q: White $300 A: Versions of this board game take place in London, Madrid & Atlantic City Q: Monopoly $400 A: Binney & Smith makes this brand of crayons in 64 colors Q: Crayolas $500 A: She's been a teenage fashion model for over 25 years Q: Barbie ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Term for the detachable engine that's mounted on the stern of a boat Q: Outboard Motor $200 A: The longest of the 4 canals in the New York state Barge Canal system Q: Erie Canal $300 A: The Kelly Act of 1925 allowed the post office to contract companies to transport mail using these Q: Airplanes $400 A: Standard color of a radio flyer Q: Red $500 A: The national championships is this sport were held in August 1988 at a pad in Huntsville, AL Q: Model Rocketry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though he started designing helicopters in 1909, his 1st didn't fly until 1939 Q: Igor Sikorsky $200 A: The IRT, IND, & BMT are the 3 divisions of this city's subway system Q: New York $300 A: The 1st national exhibition of these was held in 1900 in Madison Square Garden Q: Automobiles $400 A: Famous for motorcycles, this Japanese company is the world's biggest maker of musical instruments Q: Yamaha $500 A: Sweden, Denmark & Norway share it as their national airline Q: SAS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Since the 20's, a "Henry" has been a slang term for a car from this company Q: Ford $200 A: On July 21, 1959, the 1st cargo ship powered by this was launched at Camden, N.J. Q: Nuclear Power $300 A: Vehicle to which a harness racing horse is hitched Q: Sulky`` $400 A: It can run a thread back & forth through a loom or people back & forth to the airport Q: Shuttle $500 A: Some say this van's name came from the Irish cops using it; others say from the Irishmen locked inside it Q: Paddy Wagon ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: By attaching a piston engine to a bicycle, Gottlieb Daimler invented this Q: Motorcycle $200 A: In answer to the age-old question, archaeologists believe it was invented by the Sumerians Q: Wheel $300 A: When Cleopatra 1st met Antony, she dressed as Aphrodite & entertained him on board this type of ship Q: Barge $400 A: During the 1950's, students tried to stuff as many of themselves as possible into one of these cars Q: Volkswagen $500 A: Eskimos have large boats called Umiaks or "woman's boats" & these smaller ones, meaning "men's boats" Q: Kayaks ~~~~~~ Travel ~~~~~~ $100 A: This necessary document cost $10 in 1980 and $35 in 1990 Q: Passport $200 A: Non-sexist name for a stewardess Q: Flight Attendant $300 A: A vaccination is no longer required since this disease has been eradicated Q: Smallpox $400 A: Tags for luggage headed for this airport appropriately read "LAX" Q: Los Angeles $500 A: Ship passengers are greeted & dunked by King Neptune the 1st time they cross this line Q: Equator ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Travel & Tourism ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: You can visit this sport's Hall of Fame on PGA Boulevard in Pinehurst, NC Q: Golf $200 A: Except when it's on tour, the most important King Tut collection is housed in this city Q: Cairo $300 A: The 1st public museum in England, the Ashmolean, opened at this university in 1683 Q: Oxford $400 A: The name of this world-famous museum is Spanish for "meadow" Q: Prado $500 A: You can spend the night in a Victorian style railroad car at the choo choo Hilton in this city Q: Chattanooga ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Travel & Tourism ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Special resorts in these Penna. mountains have heart-shaped tubs for honeymooners Q: Poconos $200 A: Not in Ohio but in this Spanish city can you visit El Greco's home Q: Toledo $300 A: These ticket holders anxiously await no-shows & cancellations in order to board the plane Q: Stand-Bys $400 A: The world's highest suspension bridge spans this famous "kingly" Colorado canyon Q: Royal Gorge $500 A: This large resort island off the Yucatan coast was the setting for the movie "Against All Odds" Q: Cozumel ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Travel & Tourism ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Fantasy World, S.E. Asia's 1st hi tech theme park is next to a huge slum in this Indonesian capital Q: Jakarta $200 A: You can visit the U.S.S. Missouri & the largest naval shipyard on the West Coast at Bremerton in this state Q: Washington $300 A: There's a walking tour of this colonial capital of Virginia given from the viewpoint of an 18th century slave Q: Williamsburg $400 A: This country boasts a youth hostel that used to be Prince Henry's center for navigation Q: Portugal $500 A: Texas city famed for its river walk, the Paseo Del Rio Q: San Antonio ~~~~~~ Trivia ~~~~~~ $100 A: Famous feline who was once the target of Ignatz Mouse's bricks Q: Krazy Kat $200 A: In 1911, Picasso was among those arrested as suspects in this painting's theft Q: Mona Lisa $300 A: Since Louis XIV owned 413 of these objects, he could have started his own holiday inn Q: Beds $400 A: Rodeo drive reminds us this was called El Rancho Rodeo De Las Aguas until 1906 Q: Beverly Hills $500 A: A bushmaster is this Q: Snake ~~~~~~ Trivia ~~~~~~ $100 A: The world's most destructive insect, a large swarm will eat 20,000 tons of food a day Q: Locust $200 A: When it was rung for chief justice John Marshall's funeral, it cracked Q: Liberty Bell $300 A: "Kingdom" that Krushchev couldn't visit on a 1959 U.S. trip Q: Disneyland $400 A: Dr. Seuss' egg-hatching elephant who is "faithful, 100%" Q: Horton $500 A: In 1984, it spent the night in a parking lot before heading to the L.A. coliseum Q: Olympic Torch ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tunes for Tots ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In "the farmer in the dell," this stands alone Q: Cheese $200 A: Song title that follows the 3rd "flies in the buttermilk, shoo, fly, shoo" Q: Skip to My Lou $300 A: In "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer," he follows "Comet" in the roster of Santa's deer Q: Cupid $400 A: Disney film in which "a very merry un-birthday" was celebrated Q: Alice in Wonderland $500 A: Putting an old silk hat on him made him come alive Q: Frosty the Snowman ~~ TV ~~ $100 A: On "Dynasty" the Carrington mansion was in this city Q: Denver $200 A: This actor thought 3 was company but found out it was a crowd Q: John Ritter $300 A: A Muppet monster or Dr. Gates on "Trapper John" Q: Gonzo $400 A: Initials shared by friends of Hawkeye and The Bear Q: B.J. $500 A: He hosted "Ripley's Believe It or Not" with his daughter Holly Q: Jack Palance ~~ TV ~~ $100 A: Theodore Cleaver's nickname Q: Beaver $200 A: Falk's famous fumbler Q: Columbo $300 A: Paul Anka wrote the theme of this late night talk show Q: The Tonight Show $400 A: ABC's "Iran Reports" led to creation of "Nightline" with him as host Q: Ted Koppel $500 A: The newcomers in this Fox Network series were nicknamed "Spongeheads" Q: Alien Nation ~~~~~~ TV Ads ~~~~~~ $100 A: "The San Francisco Treat" Q: Rice-A-Roni $200 A: The nighttime sneezing, sniffling, coughing, aching, stuffy head fever, so you can rest medicine" Q: Nyquil $300 A: Campaign begun in 1954, it featured a doorbell's "ding dong" followed by these 2 words Q: Avon Calling $400 A: Candy choo-choo Charlie used "to make his engine run good" Q: Good & Plenty $500 A: It "kills bugs dead" Q: Raid ~~~~~~~~~~ TV Numbers ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Kookie" Byrnes' working address Q: 77 Sunset Strip $200 A: In a 60's sitcom, officers Toody & Muldoon patrolled the Bronx in this vehicle Q: Car 54 $300 A: Number of lives led by Richard Carlson while portraying Herbert Philbrick Q: 3 $400 A: Each day, Art Linkletter interviewed this many children on his "House Party" show Q: 4 $500 A: The numbers of Sgt. Friday's badge, which a "dragnet" fan could tell you Q: 714 ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Nickname of Chuck Connors' character Lucas McCain Q: Rifleman $200 A: He played "The Man" to Freddie Prinze's "Chico" Q: Jack Albertson $300 A: Subject taught by "Our Miss Brooks" Q: English $400 A: Knighted by the queen, this PBS host can't be called "Sir" because he's a U.S. citizen Q: Alistair Cooke $500 A: The pilot for this CBS serial was "The Vintage Years" Q: Falcon Crest ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the bar where "everybody knows your name" Q: Cheers $200 A: In the original Belgian comics, these blue creatures are "Schtroumpfs" Q: Smurfs $300 A: From 1980-82 ABC's answer to "Saturday Night Live" was this series on the night before Q: Fridays $400 A: The name of the sub which made the weekly "voyage to the bottom of the sea" Q: Seaview $500 A: According to the show's title, what Owen Marshall's occupation was Q: Counselor At Law ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: He's "smarter than the average bear" Q: Yogi Bear $200 A: He was Samantha's uncle Arthur & the center square on "Hollywood Squares" Q: Paul Lynde $300 A: Call letters "aired" by Venus Flytrap & Dr. Johnny Fever Q: WKRP $400 A: "Primates" played by Nesmith, Jones, Tork & Dolenz in a 60's series Q: Monkees $500 A: City that was the original home of "American Bandstand" Q: Philadelphia ~~~~~~~~~ TV Trivia ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Every week this comedienne was "so glad we had this time together" Q: Carol Burnett $200 A: Richard Carlson "led" this number of lives as a communist counterspy & FBI agent Q: Three $300 A: Lucy & Desi's TV production company Q: Desilu $400 A: Series which pitted "control" against "kaos" Q: Get Smart $500 A: Deborah Norville replaced her as host of NBC's "Today" in 1989 Q: Jane Pauley ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Washington crossed the Delaware near this state capital Q: Trenton New Jersey $200 A: This South Dakota city was not named for growing swiftly but for a creek that runs through it Q: Rapid City $300 A: "The world of tomorrow" & "peace through understanding" were themes of 2 world's fairs held in this city Q: New York City $400 A: The oldest public building in the U.S., the palace of the governors, is this New Mexico city Q: Santa Fe $500 A: This port on the big island of Hawaii is the flower center of the state Q: Hilo ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Johnny Appleseed's grave is in this Indiana City that began as a fort Q: Fort Wayne $200 A: The city of west New York is in this state Q: New Jersey $300 A: City whose "Golden Triangle" is formed by the Allegheny & Monongahela Rivers Q: Pittsburgh $400 A: In the late 19th century, some called this Kansas cow town "the wickedest little city in America" Q: Dodge City $500 A: Arizona City in the title of Glen Campbell's 1st top 40 hit Q: Phoenix ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: St. Petersburg's "twin city," it was named for the bay which was named for an Indian village Q: Tampa $200 A: This Wisconsin city was established in 1836 & named for the ex-president who died that year Q: Madison $300 A: The Dallas Cowboys play their home games in this city Q: Irving Texas $400 A: This North Carolina city celebrated the 75th anniversary of its hyphen in 1988 Q: Winston-Salem $500 A: Only city whose name appears on the state seal on California; it's the state motto Q: Eureka ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: When this Arkansas city was chosen as capital, there were fewer than 50 people living there Q: Little Rock $200 A: This city, home of the Cotton Bowl, was a major cotton market long before it became an oil center Q: Dallas $300 A: The 1st night baseball game was in 1883 in this Indiana city named for a "man" general Q: Forte Wayne $400 A: French for "mound," this Montana city is described as "a mile high & a mile deep" Q: Butte $500 A: The tomb of the unknown soldier for the Revolutionary War isn't in Arlington but in this nearby Virginia city Q: Alexandria ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Almost named for Boston, this Oregon city was named for a city in Maine instead Q: Portland $200 A: Lakes Mendota & Monona are 2 of several lakes surrounding the center of this Wisconsin capital Q: Madison $300 A: It's called "the Pittsburgh of the South" Q: Birmingham $400 A: It's been called "Film City" since Kodak is headquartered there Q: Rochester $500 A: City which is home to the photography, national cowboy & national softball halls of fame Q: Oklahoma City ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Cities ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This city that's home to the amateur athletic union lets amateurs compete in its 500-mile race Q: Indianapolis $200 A: The English town for which this Connecticut capital was named spelled its named with an "e", not an "a" Q: Hartford $300 A: This largest Vermont city, located on Lake Champlain, was 1st surveyed by Ethan Allen's brother Q: Burlington $400 A: Charles MacArthur & Ben Hecht were reporters in this city in which they set "the front page" Q: Chicago $500 A: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in this city Q: Boston ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This area in the Dakotas was named for its difficult terrain, not for its wild frontiersmen Q: Badlands $200 A: The waters off Cape Hatteras in this state have been called "the graveyard of the Atlantic" Q: North Carolina $300 A: This region between the Appalachians & the Atlantic coastal plain was named for a region in Italy Q: Piedmont $400 A: Rivers that eventually reach the Atlantic are separated from those reaching the Pacific by this Q: Continental Divide $500 A: Both the Army's Field Artillery Center & Geronimo's grave are at Fort Sill in this state Q: Oklahoma ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The blue ridge mountains surround this largest Georgia city Q: Atlanta $200 A: It's "where the wind comes sweeping down the plain" Q: Oklahoma $300 A: State whose counties include Crockett, Zapata & Pecos Q: Texas $400 A: The historic pass at the junction of Tennessee, Kentucky & Virginia associated with Daniel Boone Q: Cumberland Gap $500 A: Connecticut & this state are the only ones that end with "T" Q: Vermont ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Government ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's been recently revealed that the government paid out $30 million to people in this condition Q: Dead $200 A: This federal department has over a million civilian employees, more than any other Q: Defense $300 A: President Reagan tried unsuccessfully to eliminate the departments of education & this Q: Energy $400 A: Minimum age for a congressman Q: 25 $500 A: He, not the attorney general, represents the government in cases before the Supreme Court Q: Solicitor General ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Government ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bills for raising money must originate in this branch of congress Q: House of Representatives $200 A: The "A" in Pac, it's what the lobbying group wants to get from the lawmakers Q: Action $300 A: Of the 15,000 of these operating in Washington, less than half are registered Q: Lobbyists $400 A: In August 1957, this S.C. senator filibustered for 24 hours & 18 minutes uninterrupted Q: Strom Thurmond $500 A: The immigration & naturalization service is part of this federal department Q: Justice Department ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Planned under Eisenhower, the invasion of this Caribbean Island failed under Kennedy Q: Cuba $200 A: Following FDR's "new deal," he gave us a "fair deal" Q: Harry S Truman $300 A: From 1836 to 1845, this state was an independent country Q: Texas $400 A: In 1934, this Louisiana governor, known as "kingfish," proposed a guaranteed family income of $5,000 Q: Huey Long $500 A: Many consider his appointment as chief justice in 1801 the most important one in U.S. history Q: John Marshall ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Some felt the wildly disputed election of this centennial year put the U.S. on the verge of a 2nd Civil War Q: 1876 $200 A: The only American woman whose husband & son were both elected president Q: Abigail Adams $300 A: Against orders, he led British troops into Virginia in 1781 & ended up surrendering to American forces Q: Lord Charles Cornwallis $400 A: Though Hamilton was the leader of this party, it passed him over in 1796 & nominated Adams instead Q: Federalists $500 A: Famed 19th century educator who said, "be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity" Q: Horace Mann ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1951, the U.S. occupied this capital; in 1988 they sent athlete to it Q: Seoul $200 A: Major act of Jefferson's presidency that doubled the size of the United States Q: Louisiana Purchase $300 A: In 1921, president Harding presented her with a capsule of her radium worth $100,000 Q: Marie Curie $400 A: In 1978, a group of Indians began a 2,700 mile trek to Washington, D.C. after occupying this Calif. island Q: Alcatraz Island $500 A: During the revolution, this British major was captured as a spy in Tarrytown, N.Y. Q: John Andre ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Type of disaster "kicked off" in Chicago on October 8, 1871 Q: Fire $200 A: In 1948-49, a U.S. airlift delivered over 2 million tons of supplies to this city Q: West Berlin $300 A: The battle of this city was fought after the war of 1812 was over, and made Andrew Jackson a hero Q: New Orleans $400 A: I'd rather be right than president," said this "great compromiser" who ran 5 times Q: Henry Clay $500 A: On December 1, 1955, she refused to give her bus seat to a white man Q: Rosa Parks ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ransom money found in Bruno Hauptmann's garage helped convict him of kidnapping this man's son Q: Charles Lindergh $200 A: He became FBI director way back in 1924 & held the post for 48 years Q: J. Edgar Hoover $300 A: On October 4, 1957, the soviets launched sputnik while he became teamster union president Q: Jimmy Hoffa $400 A: From Latin for money, the 1st one was authorized by congress on April 2, 1792 Q: U.S. Mint $500 A: He founded Savannah in 1733-- in fact, he founded the whole colony of Georgia Q: James Oglethorpe ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Demonstrators were kicked out of this city's Lincoln Park on August 27, 1968 Q: Chicago $200 A: Country to which the U.S. began beaming Radio Marti in May 1985 Q: Cuba $300 A: In 1798, we were in an undeclared Naval War with this Erstwhile ally Q: France $400 A: Tennessee congressman popular in the early 1800's & the 1950's Q: Davy Crockett $500 A: This president vetoed more legislation than any other Q: Franklin D. Roosevelt ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: His "doctrine" was intended to keep European powers out of Latin America Q: James Monroe $200 A: Captain John Smith coined this term for a region that now includes 6 states Q: New England $300 A: From 1945 to 1951 he headed the allied occupation of Japan Q: Douglas MacArthur $400 A: The very 1st state to join the union Q: Delaware $500 A: Between 1840 & 1860 more immigrants came from this country than any other Q: Ireland ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1963, 200,000 Washington marchers heard him say, "I Have a Dream" Q: Martin Luther King $200 A: The last occasion when Congress declared war against any country Q: World War II $300 A: Enacted in 1913, the 16th Amendment was necessary to make us pay it Q: Income Tax $400 A: The only state carried by George McGovern in the 1972 election Q: Massachusetts $500 A: Known as "Robin Hood of the forest," he captured Fort Ticonderoga in 1775 Q: Ethan Allen ~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. History ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Early 19th century abolitionists wanted to abolish this institution Q: Slavery $200 A: WWI soldiers' nickname used by Pillsbury for its logo character Q: Doughboy $300 A: American hostages were released from this country the day Carter left office Q: Iran $400 A: Some historians consider this backwoodsman, not Jefferson, the 1st democratic president Q: Andrew Jackson $500 A: In 1767, all Townshend Act taxes were repealed, except the one on this Q: Tea ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Many people "carry a torch" for this statue, which was 100 years old in 1986 Q: Statue of Liberty $200 A: There were no successful escapes from this "rock" in S.F. Bay Q: Alcatraz $300 A: A serviceman from this war was interred in the tomb of the unknowns May 28, 1984 Q: Vietnam War $400 A: Plays are still performed at this site of Lincoln's assassination Q: Ford's Theatre $500 A: At 555' 55", it's the world's tallest all-stone structure Q: Washington Monument ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Senate ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Number of senators from each state Q: 2 $200 A: The elected office held by the president of the U.S. senate Q: Vice-President $300 A: State once represented by James Buckley & Jacob Javits Q: New York $400 A: Dan Quayle formerly represented this state in the senate Q: Indiana $500 A: He was a president of the screen actors guild before becoming California's republican senator in 1964 Q: George Murphy ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: After the civil War, cow towns like Abilene & Dodge City began popping up in this state Q: Kansas $200 A: Its motto is "The Crossroads of America" & its song is "On the Banks of the Wabash" Q: Indiana $300 A: This U.S. state, the farthest from England, is the only one whose flag has a union jack on it Q: Hawaii $400 A: The "Big Bonanza" richest silver strike in America, was part of the Comstock Lode in this state Q: Nevada $500 A: This state is 1st alphabetically Q: Alabama ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The Russians sold it to Seward at 2 cents an acre Q: Alaska $200 A: It contains the highest & lowest spots in the lower 48 states, only 106 miles apart Q: California $300 A: It was part of Massachusetts until it became our 23rd state Q: Maine $400 A: Whenever it wants to, this state can legally break up into five Q: Texas $500 A: State first set aside for the Indians for "As long as grass shall grow & rivers flow Q: Oklahoma ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Its Mormon founders called it desert Q: Utah $200 A: The eastern state has only 8 cities & 31 towns Q: Rhode Island $300 A: The only state that consists of two peninsulas Q: Michigan $400 A: The nutmeg state, it produces no nutmeg Q: Connecticut $500 A: State that's 2nd in number of registered autos Q: Texas ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of "Boomer," "Sooner," or "Later," the one that's not an Oklahoma nickname Q: Later $200 A: You can order various collectibles from the Franklin Mint in this state Q: Pennsylvania $300 A: The Colorado desert borders the Colorado River, not in Colorado, but in these 2 states Q: California & Arizona $400 A: Jekyll Island is one of the sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina, Florida, & this state Q: Georgia $500 A: The highest peaks in New England are in this state's white mountains Q: New Hampshire ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: State that's completely surrounded by water Q: Hawaii $200 A: The Wolverine state, in 1847 it became the first to abolish capital punishment Q: Michigan $300 A: This region, originally called Indian territory, now has no federal reservations Q: Oklahoma $400 A: This western neighbor of Tennessee & Mississippi was the only diamond field in the U.S. Q: Arkansas $500 A: Midwest state whose native sons include Marlon Brando, Nick Nolte, & Henry Fonda Q: Nebraska ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 13th to enter the union, it must have been providence, or we'd have had a flag with 12 stripes Q: Rhode Island $200 A: While New York is the Empire State of the North, this is "The Empire State of the South" Q: Georgia $300 A: The Geographic center of this state is Delaware, 25 miles north of Columbus Q: Ohio $400 A: Both Sun Valley & the craters of the moon are tourist attractions in this state Q: Idaho $500 A: Francis Scott key didn't have to leave this, his home state, to spend the night near Ft. Mchenry Q: Maryland ~~~~~~ U.S.A. ~~~~~~ $100 A: On New Year's Eve, there's a fireworks display on this well-known Colorado mountain Q: Pike's Peak $200 A: 4 days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, he marked the site for Salt Lake City's Temple Square Q: Brigham Young $300 A: Indians knew of this natural passage into Kentucky long before Dr. Thomas walked found it in 1750 Q: Cumberland Gap $400 A: The tallest pueblos in the southwest, 5 stories high, were built near this northern New Mexico City Q: Taos $500 A: Mountains in this neighboring state can be seen on a clear day from Boston's Hancock Tower Q: New Hampshire ~~~~~~ U.S.A. ~~~~~~ $100 A: The world's longest porch, 880 feet, is part of the grand hotel on this Michigan island Q: Mackinac $200 A: Postal abbreviations included NC for North Carolina, SC for South Carolina, & DC for this Q: District of Columbia $300 A: At the Julius Sturgis company in Lititz, PA you can learn how to twist these Q: Pretzels $400 A: He said, "a penny saved is a penny earned," & it's traditional to throw a penny onto his grave Q: Benjamin Franklin $500 A: The "Peace Garden" state, it shares an international peace garden with Manitoba Q: North Dakota ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Unreal Estate ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Thomas more devised this name for his paradise from the Greek for "not a place" Q: Utopia $200 A: In "Rebecca," it was Maxim's mansion Q: Manderley $300 A: Plato's ideal state, it was not a democracy Q: Republic $400 A: "The Shire" is a county in Eriador where these small, good-natured folk live Q: Hobbits $500 A: Island where mortally wounded King Arthur was taken & revived, to return when England needs him Q: Avalon ~~~ USA ~~~ $100 A: Dunes of White Gypsum rise in White Sands national monument in this state Q: New Mexico $200 A: Fiddletown, Rough & Ready, Poverty Hill & Chinese Camp were towns in this state's "gold country" Q: California $300 A: The only state that borders 4 Mexican states Q: Texas $400 A: The 2 states named for the Sioux word for "friend" or "ally" Q: North & South Dakota $500 A: Rocky Mountain state named for a valley in Pennsylvania Q: Wyoming ~~~~~~~~~~ Vegetables ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Hee haw" has a field & a show full of this vegetable Q: Corn $200 A: "Poil de Carotte," a French cartoon character, has hair the color of this vegetable Q: Carrot $300 A: Leafy Vegetable used in salads, it comes in curly & escarole varieties Q: Endive $400 A: Garlic, onions & shallots are this part of the plant Q: Bulb $500 A: In the mustard family, it's a plant with an edible root that tastest like a turnip Q: Rutabaga ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Vice Presidents ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: State that charged Spiro Agnew with committing bribery while governor Q: Maryland $200 A: Before Bush, the last veep to assume the presidency Q: Gerald Ford $300 A: # of vice presidents FDR had Q: 3 $400 A: He ran for vice president on Richard Nixon's 1960 ticket Q: Henry Cabot Lodge $500 A: If the electoral college fails to agree, this body elects the vice president Q: Senate ~~~~~~~~~~ Vocabulary ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A preparation for public performance, whether or not you "dress" Q: Rehearsal $200 A: Meaning circular, it's a circular sent out by the Pope Q: Encyclical $300 A: Louis XIV might have told you this French phrase means "nobility obligates" Q: Nobless Oblige $400 A: From the French for "purse," it's the official in charge of funds at a college Q: Bursar $500 A: The comparative form of "Good" Q: Better ~~~~~~~~~~ Vocabulary ~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A case for arrows, whether or not it shakes Q: Quiver $200 A: It means government by a small group, not government by men named Ollie Q: Oligarchy $300 A: If your hostess offers you a comfit, she expects you do this with it Q: Eat it $400 A: Often used in perfume to prevent rapid evaporation, its name means "gray amber" Q: Ambergris $500 A: From Latin for "to beg," it's a fancy 9-letter synonym for a beggar Q: Mendicant ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Water Sports ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: At Cypress Gardens, it's done on water, not snow Q: Skiing $200 A: Fishing from a moving boat Q: Trolling $300 A: Olympic sport once called water ballet Q: Synchronized Swimming $400 A: The title of the 1963 instrumental hit "Wipe Out" refers to this sport Q: Surfing $500 A: The name of the yacht immortalized after winning the 100-Guinea Cup away from England in 1851 Q: America ~~~~~~~ Weapons ~~~~~~~ $100 A: To a thug, it's a shiv; to us, a utensil Q: Knife $200 A: Indication that a song has the right ammunition to make it to the top of the charts Q: Bullet $300 A: Getting that 1st one from an Australian trainer, Batman now has 100 different kinds Q: Batarangs $400 A: Military weapon which falls between Flamenco & Flamingo in the dictionary Q: Flamethrower $500 A: Greek mathematician who invented a mirror to focus sunlight & set fire to enemy sails Q: Archimedes ~~~~~~~ Weapons ~~~~~~~ $100 A: U.S. ICBM with 10 warheads, it's known by its initials, which stand for "missile experimental" Q: MX $200 A: He designed the 1st steam warship, The Demologus, for the war of 1812 Q: Robert Fulton $300 A: To celebrate the 20th anniversary of Ringling Brothers' Clown College, 120 clowns threw 500 of these at each other Q: Shaving Cream Pies $400 A: Equipment used by 1984 Olympic champ Darrell Pace that has counterweights & tension regulators Q: Bow $500 A: Old name for a shotgun that reflects it use, shooting birds Q: Fowling Piece ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Condition associated with London & pea soup Q: Fog $200 A: Mt. Waialeale in Hawaii gets the most while Calama, Chile, usually gets none Q: Rain $300 A: Sometimes called a cyclone, its winds can reach 400 MPH Q: Tornado $400 A: Some hygrometers use a human hair to measure this Q: Humidity $500 A: Region near the equator that took the wind out of Sinbad's sails Q: Doldrums ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Of a high or low pressure system, the one you'd prefer if you wanted to get a tan at the beach Q: High $200 A: In 1990, names for these in the Atlantic included Arthur, Bertha & Klaus Q: Hurricanes $300 A: Planes often climb to the stratosphere to avoid these icy, high speed winds Q: Jet Streams $400 A: "Meteorology" comes from this philosopher's book of weather observations Q: Aristotle $500 A: A uniformly gray rain cloud extending over the entire sky, named from Latin for cloud Q: Nimbus ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Daily newspaper illustration that shows isobars & temperatures Q: Weather Map $200 A: Line where a cold air mass meets hot air Q: Front $300 A: Name of the wind which flows down the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, raising temperatures quickly Q: Chinook $400 A: The average weather conditions of a region over a long period of time Q: Climate $500 A: Name for the temperature at which water vapor in the atmosphere begins to condense Q: Dew Point ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: On some weather charts, "DZ" stands for this condition Q: Drizzle $200 A: In absolute terms, it's the amount of water per unit of air; in relative terms, it's a percentage Q: Humidity $300 A: Atlantic hurricanes 1st move westward because they are carried by these "commercial" winds Q: Trade Winds $400 A: Term for what is formed where 2 air masses at different temperatures meet Q: Front $500 A: The traveling tornado observatory of the NSSL is named for this "Wizard of Oz" animal Q: Toto ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: The lowest recorded temperature in the U.S. occurred in this state Q: Alaska $200 A: This "burns off" when sunlight penetrates it & warms the ground beneath it Q: Fog $300 A: In polar regions, warm air meeting cold can cause "diamond dust," particles of this in the air Q: Ice $400 A: From the type of storms they bring, cumulonimbus clouds are known by this booming term Q: Thunderheads $500 A: Rain with a PH reading of less than 5.6 Q: Acid Rain ~~~~~~~ Weather ~~~~~~~ $100 A: Counting its chirps in 14 seconds & adding 40 should give you the current temperature, by Jiminy Q: Cricket $200 A: To replace "it looks like a big duck," in 1803 Luke Howard classified them as cirrus, stratus, etc. Q: Clouds $300 A: It's formed by refraction & reflection of light by water droplets Q: Rainbow $400 A: About 1/3 of all lightning victims lose their lives when seeking shelter under these Q: Trees $500 A: Gallegos, Santa Anas, & Cockeyed Bobs, for example Q: Winds ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Weights & Measures ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: According to Ted Williams, Babe Ruth had one that weighed 54 ounces Q: Bat $200 A: Spelled "G-E-R-D" in old English, where it meant a small stick, it now means a precise length Q: Yard $300 A: It's the only measure of distance mentioned in the poem, "Charge of the Light Brigade" Q: Half a League $400 A: Used in surveying, a chain is divided into 100 units called these Q: Links $500 A: In metric prefixes, kilo- means thousandfold & this means thousandth part Q: Milli ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Weights & Measures ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: A span, which is approximately 9" long, is based on the span of this part of the body Q: Hand $200 A: There are 4 gills in a pint, so there are this many gills in a quart Q: 8 $300 A: In th metric system, the weight of 1 liter of water is equal to 1 of these units Q: Kilogram $400 A: Unit of measure in printing; there are 12 of them to a pica, about 72 of them to an inch Q: Point $500 A: A measurement of force was named for this discoverer of gravity Q: Sir Isaac Newton ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Western Hemisphere ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It has more people than all the other South American nations combined Q: Brazil $200 A: This North American mountain range is named for the waterfalls of the Columbia River Q: Cascades $300 A: It's the northernmost country that's a member of the organization of American states Q: United States $400 A: Yellowknife, Canada's smallest capital, is capital of this territory Q: The Northwest Territories $500 A: Though this British colony has only 19,000 people, as of 1982 it had over 400 licensed banks Q: Cayman Islands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Western Slang ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Put these up when you're told to "reach for the sky" Q: Your Hands $200 A: Shoot-out losers often ended up in the "bone orchard," which was slang for one of these Q: Cemetery $300 A: A "sod-buster" was a farmer, but a "sin-buster" was one of these Q: Preacher $400 A: Stop this when you're told to "hobble your lip" Q: Talking $500 A: "Oklahoma rain" meant this kind of storm Q: Dust Storm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ What's in a Name ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Though his name means "famous," this Dangerfield gets no respect Q: Rooney $200 A: Variations on this most common feminine name in Christian lands include May, Polly & Marie Q: Mary $300 A: "Princess" in Hebrew, or the Lee "nobody doesn't like" Q: Sarah $400 A: His "forte" is singing, not being a "bean farmer" as his 1st name implies Q: Fabian $500 A: State whose name comes from the coupling of its founder's name with the Latin word for trees Q: Pennsylvania ~~~~~~~~~ Wild West ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Last name of brothers Virgil, Morgan and Wyatt who fought at the O.K. Corral Q: Earp $200 A: This markswoman was called "little sure shot" Q: Annie Oakley $300 A: In 650,000 miles, the mail was only lost once Q: Pony Express $400 A: It ran 2,000 miles from Independence, MO to Oregon City, OR Q: Oregon Trail $500 A: One of its newspapers was appropriately called "The Epitaph" Q: Tombstone ~~~~~ Woman ~~~~~ $100 A: Of the average boy and girl, the one who enters puberty first Q: Girl $200 A: A woman needs more of this "magnetic" element than a man Q: Iron $300 A: Having on average more of this than men gives greater buoyancy in water and resistance to cold Q: Fat $400 A: Women have about 1,000,000 fewer bloods cells of this color per drop of blood than men Q: Red $500 A: It happens to a woman's voice during puberty and again during menopause Q: It Lowers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Women Authors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: "Royal Floral" title of a Judith Krantz book that became a mini-series Q: Princess Daisy $200 A: Playwright Edward Albee asks "Who's afraid of" this respected British novelist Q: Virginia Woolf $300 A: Colleen McCullough's Australian saga of Father Ralph & Meggie Q: The Thorn Birds $400 A: Author, columnist & TV wit who said, "housework, if you do it right, can kill you" Q: Erma Bombeck $500 A: Long-time companion of Dashiell Hammett, she was played in "Julia" by Jane Fonda Q: Lillian Hellman ~~~~~~~~~~~ Women First ~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Until Emma Nutt said, "number please" in 1878 this job was held only by men Q: Telephone Operator $200 A: First lady of the supreme court Q: Sandra Day O'Connor $300 A: NYC's Lorna Kelley was the 1st female art auctioneer for this Long-based auction house Q: Sotheby's $400 A: It is claimed that this future founder of the American Red Cross was the 1st woman to hold a white-collar gov't job Q: Clara Barton $500 A: 1920's "Winnie Winkle" was the 1st of these to feature a career girl as central character Q: Comic Strip ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Women Writers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1909, Sweden's Selma Lagerlof became the 1st woman to win this award for literature Q: Nobel Prize $200 A: Edna St. Vincent Millay was arrested for her vigil the night this pair was executed in 1927 Q: Sacco & Vanzetti $300 A: Probably America's best-known 19th century female poet, she was dubbed the "Month of Amherst" Q: Emily Dickinson $400 A: Anais Nin is famous for writing volumes of these, the 1st of which was published in 1966 Q: Diaries $500 A: Headmistress of a girl's school, she gained fame for writing "The Greek Way" at age 62 Q: Edith Hamilton ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: From Latin "to lie down on," the device in which premature babies lie down Q: Incubator $200 A: From Latin for "an image," one of a hated person might be burned Q: Effigy $300 A: The name for this decorative rainspout comes from the old French "Gargouille," throat Q: Gargoyle $400 A: From Greek for "A race track," Circus Maximus in Rome was an example of this type of Equestrian arena Q: Hippodrome $500 A: This fancy word for an indoor swimming pool is Latin for "A place for swimming" Q: Natatorium ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Gem whose name comes from the Sanskrit for jewel, "upala" Q: Opal $200 A: These teeth are used for grinding, & their name derives from the Latin for "millstone" Q: Molars $300 A: This food poisoning bacteria was named for a veterinarian, not a fish Q: Salmonella $400 A: Though Harlequins are written in English, this term means a story written in the language of Rome Q: Romance $500 A: From early French for "chain," it's a chic knot of hair worn at the nape of the neck Q: Chignon ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This word for bullfighter comes from the Spanish word for "to kill" Q: Matador $200 A: The slang word "bodacious" was created by blending "bold" & this word Q: Audacious $300 A: Capricorn comes from "Capri" meaning goat & "Cornu" meaning this part of the goat Q: Horn $400 A: From the old phrase "alack the day" came this adjective for lacking spirit Q: Lackadaisical $500 A: Preservation technique whose name comes from the Greek words for "arrangement" & "skin" Q: Taxidermy ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: These beads or the prayers you say while using them are named for the Latin word for rose garden Q: Rosary $200 A: Preferred ship accommodations described as "port out, starboard home" may have evolved into this word Q: Posh $300 A: A hangman at Tyburn prison was named this, & his name came to be used for any machine that hoists Q: Derrick $400 A: Since the 1640's, this word has meant "one who counts;" the machine arrived over 300 years later Q: Computer $500 A: The word for "the west" came from the Latin "to fall" because the west is where the sun fell Q: Occident ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Word Origins ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This trademark brand has become the common term for petroleum jelly Q: Vaseline $200 A: From "G.P." for general purpose army vehicle Q: Jeep $300 A: "Table D'Hote," serving the same meal to all diners, comes from this language, which also gave us "cuisine" Q: French $400 A: Teddy Roosevelt term for someone charging others with corruption Q: Muckraker $500 A: Adjective for an independent contractor, it was originally a mercenary with his own spear Q: Free Lance ~~~~~~~~~ Word Play ~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The artificial turf in this stadium is nicknamed "Mardi Grass" Q: New Orleans Superdome $200 A: When reversed, this month becomes a sweet potato Q: May $300 A: As a verb it means looked at; as a noun, it's a well-worn popular saying Q: saw $400 A: In conversation, it means "nonsense," but in a deli it's a cold cut Q: Baloney $500 A: 2 common English 5-letter words that end in "ymph" Q: Lymph & Nymph ~~~~~ Words ~~~~~ $100 A: Flavoring made of coffee often mixed with chocolate, named for a port city in Yemen Q: Mocha $200 A: Of a burnoose, a busby or a buskin, the one you shouldn't wear on your head Q: Buskin $300 A: A cowboy who tends saddle horses, or the brand of jeans he might be wearing Q: Wrangler $400 A: Often used as a synonym for concrete, it's really just an ingredient, along with water, sand & gravel Q: Cement $500 A: This word for a minister comes from the Latin for "shepherd" Q: Pastor ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Costa Rican capital people might know the way to Q: San Jose $200 A: It's divided into Kanda, Marunoucki, Akasuka & Ginza districts Q: Tokyo $300 A: Home to Nato & little green sprouts Q: Brussels $400 A: This capital's street signs are in English, Arabis & Hebrew Q: Jerusalem $500 A: If the other twin had founded it, it might have been called "Reme" Q: Rome ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1986, Brazil's 1st conference of street urchins was held in this capital Q: Brasilia $200 A: Edvard Munch bequeathed his works of art to this Norwegian capital, which built a museum to display them Q: Oslo $300 A: The whites of 10,000 eggs were used to make the bridge of eggs in this Peruvian capital Q: Lima $400 A: Most of this city's inhabitants are Serbs Q: Belgrade $500 A: This Asian city, "the pearl of the orient," has an archbishop named Cardinal Sin Q: Manila ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Temppeliaukio church, which was carved from solid rock, is in this Finnish capital Q: Helsinki $200 A: Changing of the guard on parliament hill is one of this Canadian city's main summer attractions Q: Ottawa $300 A: This Arab capital is divided into Christian & Muslim halves Q: Beirut $400 A: It's the capital of Serbia as well as the capital of Yugoslavia Q: Belgrade $500 A: Being the southernmost of South Africa's 3 capitals makes it the southernmost capital in Africa Q: Cape Town ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Beethoven's birthplace, it was west Germany's capital Q: Bonn $200 A: This country's capital is Rabat, not Casablanca Q: Morocco $300 A: "Old fuss & feathers," general Winfield Scott, captured this capital in 1847 Q: Mexico City $400 A: Foreign embassies are located in Jidda, some 500 miles from this country's capital, Riyadh Q: Saudi Arabia $500 A: There are more than 2,000 Hindu & Buddhist shrines in this capital of Nepal Q: Katmandu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bulgaria's capital, it sounds like an Italian actress Q: Sofia $200 A: Started as a trading post for the Roman Empire, it boasts St. Paul's cathedral Q: London $300 A: As Peking is to the people's Rep. of China, this is to the Rep. of China Q: Taipei $400 A: City where you'd stand in line to buy gum in G.U.M. Q: Moscow $500 A: The largest capital in the Sahara Desert Q: Cairo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Almost all of Siberia lies within this country Q: Russia $200 A: This largest Spanish seaport has an exact replica of Columbus' flagship, the Santa Maria Q: Barcelona $300 A: Kilauea sits on the S.E. slope of Mauna Loa, which sits on this island Q: Hawaii $400 A: Mexicali is the capital of this Mexican state, which sits "below" California Q: Baja California $500 A: The Transylvanian alps are part of this major mountain system of Central & Eastern Europe Q: Carpathians ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It's the only South American country bordered by a central American country Q: Colombia $200 A: This war-ravaged country is alphabetically 1st in the world Q: Afghanistan $300 A: The highest point in the west Indies is 10,417 ft. duarte peak in this country on Hispaniola Q: The Dominican Republic $400 A: Continent where most of the major mountain ranges extend from a knot of peaks called the Pamir Q: Asia $500 A: Near the geographic center of Australia, this scenic "rock" was a sacred place to the aborigines Q: Ayers Rock ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Ranges within this mountain system include the Bighorn, Teton & Wasatch Q: Rocky Mountains $200 A: The Netherlands Antilles, an equal partner in the kingdom of the Netherlands, lie in this body of water Q: Caribbean Sea $300 A: Its counties include Clwyd, Gwynedd, & Dyfed Q: Wales $400 A: The island of Cyprus is considered part of this continent Q: Asia $500 A: Traditional name of southwestern France; Eleanor, mother of Richard the Lionheart, was from there Q: Aquitaine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Yokohama is on the bay named for this larger city Q: Tokyo $200 A: It's the ocean bordering Australia to the west Q: Indian Ocean $300 A: In both area & population, it's the second-largest country in South America Q: Argentina $400 A: The only country on the American mainland that borders only 1 other country Q: Canada $500 A: The Portuguese found a lot of this in what is now Ghana, Hence the name of its coast Q: Gold ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Bigger than the entire world's land surface, it's the Earth's largest ocean Q: Pacific $200 A: 1869 completion of this waterway separated Africa from Asia Q: Suez Canal $300 A: The smallest country in the world, it's located entirely within the city of Rome Q: Vatican $400 A: The Sierra Nevada range contains this country's highest peak, the 11,411- foot Mulhacen Q: Spain $500 A: The tropics lie between the Tropics of Cancer & this Q: Capricorn ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Cape Agulhas, not the cape of good hope, is this continent's southernmost point Q: Africa $200 A: Of California, Canada, & Columbia, the one with the fewest people Q: Canada $300 A: New world country closest to Africa Q: Brazil $400 A: It's the lowest land point in the entire Western hemisphere Q: Death Valley $500 A: Turkey's largest city, formerly called Constantinople & Byzantium Q: Istanbul ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: This French dynasty began with Henry IV in 1589 & ended with Louis-Philippe in 1848 Q: Bourbons $200 A: From mid-1948 to 1949 an average of 4,000 tons of provisions a day were being flown into this city Q: West Berlin $300 A: This South African city was founded in April 1652 as a supply station for the Dutch East India Company Q: Cape Town $400 A: In 1866, Cyrus Field laid the first permanent one Q: Transatlantic Cable $500 A: In 1980, this country was readmitted to Nato's military wing after threatening to close U.S. bases Q: Greece ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1945, Clement Attlee defeated him, becoming British prime minister Q: Winston Churchill $200 A: On July 3, 1962, this country proclaimed Algeria's independence from it Q: France $300 A: Briton who from 1577-80 performed the feat Magellan missed, circling the globe Q: Sir Francis Drake $400 A: Prominent central European country not unified until 1871 Q: Germany $500 A: In 1936, his "general theory of employment, interest & money" changed world economics Q: John Maynard Keynes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: In 1059, to avoid secular control, Pop Nicholas II declared that the Pope should be elected by 7 of them Q: Cardinals $200 A: During the 1917 revolution, this group's slogan was "Peace, Land & Bread" Q: Bolsheviks $300 A: Following the 1857 Indian mutiny, Britain took over direct control of India from this company Q: British East India Company $400 A: Wars between Italy & this African country broke out in 1887, 1895 & 1935 Q: Ethiopia $500 A: Napoleon eventually denounced this foreign minister of his as a coward, a traitor & a thief Q: Talleyrand ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Leaders ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Haile Selassie, a prince of the Amhara Nobility, led this African nation for 44 years Q: Ethopia $200 A: Olof Plame, Prime Minister of this country, was murdered in 1986 Q: Sweden $300 A: The Earl of Beaconsfield, he was Prim Minister under Queen Victoria Q: Benjamin Disraeli $400 A: At age 73, he became West Germany's 1st chancellor & served 14 years Q: Konrad Adenauer $500 A: In 1974, he addressed the U.N. general assembly with a gun in his belt Q: Yasir Arafat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Literature ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Dostoevsky's "The House of the Dead" tells of his 4 years spent in a penal colony here Q: Siberia $200 A: "Rabbit is Rich" not only made him richer, it won him a Pulitzer Prize Q: John Updike $300 A: With companion Alice B. Toklas, this writer presided over a literary salon in Paris Q: Gertrude Stein $400 A: Creator of Penrod, he once served as an Indiana state legislator Q: Booth Tarkington $500 A: Like his father, this great romantic German writer practiced law Q: Johann Wolfgang Van Goethe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World of Fashion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: The hat in the Mexican hat dance Q: Sombrero $200 A: South seas garb worn by Dorothy lamour on "The Road" Q: Sarong $300 A: Where on his body an Arab would wear the traditional keffiyeh Q: Head $400 A: About 7 yards long, it's the loose body wrap worn by Hindu women Q: Sari $500 A: The sash worn with the Japanese Kimono Q: Obi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World of Food ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Like chop suey, this Chinese sweet was invented in America Q: Fortune Cookie $200 A: When its coffee crop was destroyed in 1869, Ceylon switched to growing this Q: Tea $300 A: The fruit of a palm, Merv Griffin had a lovely bunch of them in song Q: Coconuts $400 A: Often mated with oil, it can be made from apples, grapes, barley or oats Q: Vinegar $500 A: Steam of a variety of lily, known in old England as "sparrow grass" Q: Asparagus ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Politics ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: Chiang Kai-Shek's son now rules this country Q: Taiwan $200 A: While "outer" Mongolia is a seperate nation, inner Mongolia belongs to this country Q: China $300 A: Spain recently ended its blockage of this last remaining colony in Europe Q: Gibraltar $400 A: "No nation in history has come as far as fast," this country says of itself in its ads Q: Saudi Arabia $500 A: New Caledonia, with 25% of the world's nickel supply, revolted agains this country Q: France ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Religion ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: 1st published in Palmyra, New York in 1830, this book was reportedly translated from golden plates Q: Book of Mormon $200 A: This religion was founded by Guru Nanak, a Hindu teacher Q: Sikhism $300 A: The Catholic Trinity is the father, son & holy ghost & the Hindu Trinity is Shiva, Brahma & this deity Q: Vishnu $400 A: House of Worship where you'd find an Imam leading the people in prayer Q: Mosque $500 A: Most of the people in Burma, Sri Lanka & Laos are followers of this religion Q: Buddhism ~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Series ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: It took them 65 years to win for Brooklyn, & only 2 to win for L.A. Q: Dodgers $200 A: 5 home runs in the 1977 series earned him the nickname "Mr. October" Q: Reggie Jackson $300 A: The 3rd game of the 1989 world series was postponed due to one of these Q: Earthquake $400 A: The team that threw the series in the 1919 "Black Sox" scandal Q: Chicago White Sox $500 A: Though they'd never before finished better than 9th, amazingly they won the 1969 series Q: New York Mets ~~~~~~~~~~~~ World War II ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: FDR called him "uncle Joe" Q: Joseph Stalin $200 A: On July 20, 1944 German Colonel Claus Von Staffenberg tried to assassinate him Q: Adolf Hitler $300 A: 9 months before D-Day, American troops invaded this country Q: Italy $400 A: If you go long enough without a bath, even the fleas will let you alone, wrote this correspondent Q: Ernie Pyle $500 A: In 1942, this southeast Asian monarchy joined the Axis Q: Thailand ~~~~~~~~~~~~ World War II ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: As an observer, this CBS correspondent flew 25 combat missions "person to person" Q: Edward R. Murrow $200 A: Belgian colony that was a source of strategic metals & industrial diamonds for the allied effort Q: The Congo $300 A: Fog & mist which grounded allied planes helped this massive German assault in December 1944 Q: Battle of the Bulge $400 A: Over 600,000 bombs destroyed this German city on February 13 & 14, 1945 Q: Dresden $500 A: History's 1st carrier vs. carrier battle was this one, named for a sea off Australia Q: Battle of the Coral Sea ~~~~~ WW II ~~~~~ $100 A: In 1944, this country was hit by 650,000 tons of bombs Q: Germany $200 A: In December 1940, the Japanese referred to this forthcoming attack as "Operation Z" Q: Pearl Harbor $300 A: Before the stop at Bitburg cemetery, Reagan visited this site of this concentration camp Q: Bergen-Belsen $400 A: German's Tiger Tanks were built by this auto manufacturer Q: Porsche $500 A: City where De Gaulle set up the provisional Nat'l committee of the free French in 1940 Q: London ~~~~~~~~~~~~ WW II Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ $100 A: With only 4 ships, this neighbor of Australia had the smallest navy Q: New Zealand $200 A: The U.S. navy had a ship whose sole purpose was to make this dessert Q: Ice Cream $300 A: In 1942, approaches to the Mississippi River were mined by this type of German vessel Q: U-Boats $400 A: This axis leader had a complete set of dental tools taken everywhere he went Q: Adolf Hitler $500 A: Over 5,000 of them were pilots in the Soviet air force Q: Women _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 4. Final Jeopardy! _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ ~~~~ 1968 ~~~~ A: This ship was seized by North Korea January 23 & the crew was held until December 22 Q: U.S.S. Pueblo ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1980's Musicals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The hero of this Tony award-winning "best musical" is sometimes known by a number, 24601 Q: Les Miserables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Actors & Roles ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Sean Connery, Richard Todd & Dick Gautier have all played this legendary fugitive Q: Robin Hood ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ American History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Historically significant event of June 17, 1972 Q: Watergate Break-In ~~~~~~~ Artists ~~~~~~~ A: Brightly colored paintings by this British-born L.A. painter toured the U.S. in the 80's Q: David Hockney ~~~~~~~ Authors ~~~~~~~ A: This U.S. poet laureate was the only writer who won Pulitzer prizes for both poetry & fiction Q: Robert Penn Warren ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Best Sellers ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Her "Money Book" was subtitled "How to Earn it, Spend it, Invest it, Borrow it & Use it to Better Your Life" Q: Sylvia Porter ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Business & Industry ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: This auto maker introduced the alternator, power steering, & the electronic ignition Q: Chrysler ~~~~~~ Canada ~~~~~~ A: The province named for Queen Victoria's daughter Loise Q: Alberta ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Colonial America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The southernmost of the original 13 colonies Q: Georgia ~~~~~~~~~ Composers ~~~~~~~~~ A: Once forced by poverty to sleep in the streets of Vienna, he went on to create "the creation" Q: Franz Joseph Hayon ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Countries of the World ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The northernmost island in the world is a possession of this country Q: Denmark ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Famous Names ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Surveyor general of India from 1830-1843, in 1865 a mountain was renamed in his honor Q: Sir George Everest ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: "Alice in Wonderland" character named after the county in which Lewis Carroll was born Q: Cheshire Cat ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fictional Characters ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: In 1861 she was 16 & the Belle of Clayton county, Georgia Q: Scarlett O'Hara ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ A: It was the world's largest city for the entire 19th century Q: London ~~~~~~~ History ~~~~~~~ A: He wasn't appointed secretary of state until after he had negotiated the Viet Nam cease fire in 1973 Q: Henry Kissinger ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Holidays & Observances ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: It didn't become a federal holiday until 1971, though it was 1st celebrated in 1792 Q: Columbus Day ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ International Cuisine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Popular is India, tandoort chicken is named for the tandoor, which is this Q: Oven ~~~~~~~ Islands ~~~~~~~ A: In 1542, this island group was named for the future king of Spain Q: Philippines ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Letter Perfect ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Vowel found in the names of 7 of the 9 planets Q: U ~~~~~~ Lyrics ~~~~~~ A: Sitcom whose theme song begins, "making your way in the world today takes ev'rything you've got" Q: Cheers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Directors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Joan Fontaine is the only performer who won an Oscar for acting in any of his 53 films Q: Alfred Hitchcock ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Movie Trivia ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The plot of this 1977 film pivoted around Oklahoma City, on & off the stage Q: The Turning Point ~~~~~~~~ Musicals ~~~~~~~~ A: This Lerner & Loewe musical was written directly for the screen & wasn't a Broadway musical until 1973 Q: Gigi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ North America ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Maine is the only state that borders this Canadian province Q: New Brunswick ~~~~~~~~~ Operettas ~~~~~~~~~ A: This Johann Strauss classic, coolly received in 1874, had 171 productions in German alone within 6 years Q: Die Fledermaus ~~~~~~ People ~~~~~~ A: This talk show host says her feet are still on the ground, "they're just wearing more expensive shoes" Q: Oprah Winfrey ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Physical Science ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Known for his principle of displacement, he's been called the "father of experimental science" Q: Archimedes ~~~~~~~~~~ Publishing ~~~~~~~~~~ A: The world almanac is published either 48 hrs after a presidential election or after this October event Q: World Series ~~~~~~ Rivers ~~~~~~ A: It carries more water than the longest rivers in Asia, Africa & North America combined Q: Amazon ~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespeare ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: In the play "Julius Caesar," this character has the most lines Q: Brutus ~~~~~~~~~~~ Shakespeare ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The first line spoken in this Shakespearean play is one word: "bos'n!" Q: The Tempest ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sports & Games ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Invented in 1895 in Massachusetts, it became as Olympic sport at the 1964 Tokyo games Q: Volleyball ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ State Capitals ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The 2 state capitals located on the Mississippi River Q: Baton Rouge & St Paul ~~~~~~~~~~ Technology ~~~~~~~~~~ A: They 1st appeared in British shops, motels & railway stations in 1884 & were called silence cabinets Q: Telephone Boots ~~~~~~~~~~ Television ~~~~~~~~~~ A: From 1965-79 you could "point" to her on "60 minutes" while she debated with James J. Kilpatrick Q: Shana Alexander ~~~~~~~~~ The Bible ~~~~~~~~~ A: Saul & these 2 others were the only three men to reign as king over all 12 tribes of Israel Q: David & Solomon ~~~~~~~~~~~ The Cabinet ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The flag of the secretary of this department bears a clipper ship & a lighthouse Q: Commerce ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Calendar ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Year that fell "four score and seven" years after Lincoln's Gettysburg address Q: 1950 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Calendar ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The only day of the week named for a Roman god Q: Saturday ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Civil War ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The 2 union states that were invaded by general Lee's confederate army Q: Maryland & Pennsylvania ~~~~~~~~~~ The Movies ~~~~~~~~~~ A: Guinness says this fairy tale has been the subject of more movies than any other Q: Cinderella ~~~~~~~~~~ The Movies ~~~~~~~~~~ A: Charles Laughton, Trevor Howard & Anthony Hopkins all played this historic figure Q: Captain William Bligh ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Olympics ~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Of the 5 continents symbolized by Olympic rings, the only 1 never to host the games Q: Africa ~~~~~~~~~~ The Orient ~~~~~~~~~~ A: In the 18th century, this city, then call Edo, was larger than any city in Europe Q: Tokyo ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ A: This 1951 musical is the only movie with a world capital in its title to win "best picture" Q: An American in Paris ~~~~~~~~~~ The Oscars ~~~~~~~~~~ A: He won an Oscar as "best actor" of 1969 for a western Q: John Wayne ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The U.S. Capitol ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The only state to contribute a statue of a king for our capitol's national statuary hall Q: Hawaii ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Transportation ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The Robert E. Lee & Natchez ran a famous steamboat race from the Gulf of Mexico to this city Q: St. Louis ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The longest boundary between any two states is the one between these two Q: Texas & Oklahoma ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Its cornerstone was laid February 12, 1915 Q: Lincoln Memorial ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. Landmarks ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: The outer layer of the Statue of Liberty is made of this metal Q: Copper ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: This state has more earthquakes than the other 49 combined Q: Alaska ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Sate with the smallest population Q: Wyoming ~~~~~~~~~~~ U.S. States ~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Only state bordering on 4 of the 5 great lakes Q: Michigan ~~~~ Wars ~~~~ A: The only time a U.S. president personally led troops in battle while in office was during this war Q: War of 1812 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: Central American country whose name in Spanish means "depths," from the deep waters off its north coast Q: Honduras ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World Geography ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: For $35,000,a tour company will fly you to this remote point & let you tour the Amundson-Scott station Q: The South Pole ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ World History ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A: In 1804, this Caribbean country became the 1st black nation to gain freedom from European colonial rule Q: Haiti _________________________________________________________________________ _/ \_ |_ 5. Copyright _| \_________________________________________________________________________/ This may be not be reproduced under any circumstances except for personal, private use. It may not be placed on any web site or otherwise distributed publicly without advance written permission. Use of this guide on any other web site or as a part of any public display is strictly prohibited, and a violation of copyright. Copyright 2006 & 2008 David Morris

i don't know

What 1984 slasher film featured a fedora wearing main villain wearing a red and green sweater with a metal-clawed brown leather glove on his right hand?

A Nightmare on Elm Street (DVD) DVD product reviews and price comparison Disadvantages Wes Craven's best. This review is just on the movie, which includes plot spoilers so do not continue if you do not wish to learn about the goings on within the film. Crazy though if you have not already seen this classic! With the remake hitting the cinema I thought I would re-watch the originals, yes all seven excluding Freddy Vs Jason to remind myself of the story that takes place on Elm Street. Watching part five and six was a mistake, they didn't feel at all like a Nightmare on Elm Street movie. The last time I watched the first Elm Street movie was back in the 90's. I could not really remember what it was about other than it being based around two main characters, Nancy, and Krueger, and Nancy's family as well as a back story to the children of Elm Street. The first thing that struck me was the music which to me was genuinely frightening. I wondered to myself whether I had made a mistake watching this movie on my own at this point. If you don not know already I am a bit of a girl when it comes to horror/thrillers. So the movie starts with Krueger making his famous glove with its four blades. Quite a piece of engineering, I'll have to pick up a replica for this Halloween as I will be dressing up as Freddy!. Back to the story, growing up on Elm Street, Nancy is an ordinary girl with ordinary friends. They go to high school and from the looks of it pretty much enjoy it with their general goofing around. That is until one night when they start to have nightmares. Nobody talks about them until they all come together and it becomes clear that the same man is entering their dreams. A man that is described as wearing a dark hat, dirty red and black jumper, and a glove with claws which he wears on his right hand. Krueger is played by Robert Englund, casted perfectly for the role. His voice, appearance and mannerism is truly horrifying and totally unexpected. You can see why he became a cult figure within the horror genre. He is not like any other character and throughout the Elm Street movies gets developed quite well until the later parts. You do start to get an interest in the story. I have just finished watching the six instalment which was painful I might add but I have to watch the last part to see how it ends. So the original. It is not as scary as I remembered once I settled down into watching it. Some of the effects used though considering the movie was made in 1984 were excellent. As simple as it was the bath scene where the gloves up through the water whilst Nancy is starting to fall asleep freaked me out. The telephone with a tongue attached to it also looked pretty nasty and made me look away. You will either do the same or laugh. Throughout the movie you see what it was that made this film so popular. There is a lot of originality and effort put into each scene throughout. Freddy has classic one liners. Also, the reversal fountain of blood will make you feel sick if you are at all like me. The supporting cast is also strong with a young Johnny Depp making an appearance as well as John Saxon as Nancy's father. The idea of a man entering your dreams is just pure horror and terrifying. How else would you react but to be scared and this is what makes Freddy Krueger a god in his world. He can do what he wants and you have no chance!. I won't say how the film ends or too much about why Freddy exists but it is well worth watching the movie to find out about. A film that stands up well even today. Don't watch beyond part three or four as they just take away from this classic. 4 out of 5

A Nightmare on Elm Street

Dec 7, 1941 saw the attack on the US Naval facilities at Pearl Harbor, HI. The sinking of what battleship, now the site of a major memorial, accounted for over half the loss of life during the attack when 1,177 sailors died?

50 MEMORABLE VILLAINS - Soxtalk.com (IMG: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Lordvoldemort.jpg ) (3 of 16 lists - 63 points - highest ranking #2 kyyle23, kjshoe04) Lord Voldemort (play /ˈvoʊldəmɔr/; born Tom Marvolo Riddle) is the main antagonist of the Harry Potter series written by British author J. K. Rowling. Voldemort first appeared in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which was released in 1997. Voldemort appeared either in person or in flashbacks in each book and film adaptation in the series, except the third, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, where he is mentioned. In the series, Voldemort is the archenemy of Harry Potter, who according to a prophecy has "the power to vanquish the Dark Lord". Almost no witch or wizard dares to speak his name, instead referring to him by epithets such as "You-Know-Who", "He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named" or "the Dark Lord". Voldemort's obsession with blood purity signifies his aim to rid the wizarding world of Muggle (non-magical) heritage and to conquer both worlds, Muggle and wizarding, to achieve pure-blood dominance. Through his mother's family, he is the last descendant of wizard Salazar Slytherin, one of the four founders of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. According to an interview with Rowling, "Voldemort" is pronounced with a silent 't' at the end, as is common in French. This was the pronunciation used by Jim Dale in the first four U.S. audiobooks; however, after the release of the film version of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, in which the characters who dared refer to him by name pronounced it with the "t", Dale altered his pronunciation to that in the films. Character development In a 2001 interview, Rowling said Voldemort was invented as a nemesis for Harry Potter, the main protagonist of the series, and she intentionally did not flesh out Voldemort's backstory at first. "The basic idea [was that Harry] didn't know he was a wizard [...] And so then I kind of worked backwards from that position to find out how that could be, that he wouldn't know what he was. [...] When he was one year old, the most evil wizard for hundreds and hundreds of years attempted to kill him. He killed Harry's parents, and then he tried to kill Harry � he tried to curse him. [...] Harry has to find out, before we find out. And � so � but for some mysterious reason the curse didn't work on Harry. So he's left with this lightning bolt shaped scar on his forehead and the curse rebounded upon the evil wizard, who has been in hiding ever since." In the second book, Rowling established that Voldemort hated non-pure-blood wizards, despite being a half-blood himself. In a 2000 interview with the BBC, Rowling described Voldemort as a self-hating bully: "Well I think it is often the case that the biggest bullies take what they know to be their own defects, as they see it, and they put them right on someone else and then they try and destroy the other and that's what Voldemort does." In the same year, Rowling became more precise about Voldemort. She began to link him to real-life tyrants, describing him as "a raging psychopath, devoid of the normal human responses to other people's suffering". In 2004, though, Rowling said that she did not base Voldemort on any real person. In 2006, Rowling told an interviewer that Voldemort at his core has a human fear: the fear of death. She said: "Voldemort's fear is death, ignominious death. I mean, he regards death itself as ignominious. He thinks that it's a shameful human weakness, as you know. His worst fear is death." Throughout the series, Rowling establishes that Voldemort is so feared in the wizarding world that it is considered dangerous even to speak his name. Most characters in the novels refer to him as "You-Know-Who" or "He-Who-Must-Not-Be-Named" rather than say his name aloud. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, a Taboo is placed upon the name, such that Voldemort or his followers may trace anyone who utters it. By this means his followers eventually find and capture Harry, Ron and Hermione. In the second book, Rowling reveals that I am Lord Voldemort is an anagram of the character's birth name, Tom Marvolo Riddle. According to the author, Voldemort's name is an invented word. Some literary analysts have considered possible meanings in the name: Philip Nel states that Voldemort is derived from the French for "flight of death," and in a 2002 paper, Nilsen and Nilsen suggest that readers get a "creepy feeling" from the name Voldemort, because of the French word "mort" ("death") within it and that word's association with cognate English words derived from the Latin mors. Appearances First three books Lord Voldemort on the back of Professor Quirrell's head in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Lord Voldemort makes his debut in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. In this story, Rowling introduces him as the Dark Lord who murdered Harry's parents, James and Lily, but as a result of his mother's love and willingness to sacrifice herself for him, baby Harry survives when Voldemort tries to murder him with a Killing Curse. Voldemort is disembodied, and Harry carries a mysterious scar on his forehead as a result. In the book, Voldemort unsuccessfully tries to regain his dissolved body by stealing the titular Philosopher's Stone. To achieve his objective, Voldemort uses Professor Quirrell's aid by latching onto the back of Quirrell's head. However, at the climax of the book, Harry manages to prevent Voldemort from stealing the stone. In the second instalment, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Rowling introduces Tom Marvolo Riddle, a manifestation of a teenage Voldemort that resides inside a magical diary found by Ginny Weasley. In this book, Ginny is written as a shy girl with a crush on Harry. Feeling anxious and lonely, she begins to write into the diary and shares her deepest fears with the sympathetic Tom. However, at the climax of the story, when Tom Marvolo Riddle rearranges the letters in his name to create the anagram of "I am Lord Voldemort", Tom as a magical manifestation of the boy who would later grow up to become the Dark Lord is revealed. Riddle states he has grown strong on her fears and eventually possesses Ginny. He then uses her as a pawn to unlock the Chamber of Secrets, whence a basilisk is set free and petrifies several Hogwarts students. Harry defeats the Riddle from the diary and the basilisk. In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Albus Dumbledore reveals to Harry that the diary was one of Voldemort's Horcruxes (an external vessel which contains a part of his torn soul). In the third book, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Voldemort does not appear, either in person or as a magical manifestation. He is, however, heard when Harry passes out from the harsh effects of a Dementor. Towards the end of the story Sybill Trelawney, the Divination professor, makes a rare genuine prophecy: The Dark Lord lies alone and friendless, abandoned by his followers. His servant has been chained these twelve years. Tonight, before midnight, the servant will break free and set out to rejoin his master. The Dark Lord will rise again with his servant's aid, greater and more terrible than ever before. Tonight... before midnight... the servant... will set out... to rejoin... his master... Though it is initially implied that the prophecy refers to Sirius Black, the book's ostensible antagonist, the servant is eventually revealed to be Peter Pettigrew, who, for the twelve years since the fall of Voldemort, has been disguised as Ron Weasley's pet rat, Scabbers. Fourth through sixth books In the fourth instalment of the series, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Voldemort appears at the start and the climax of the book. Rowling lets many seemingly unrelated plot elements fall into order. It is revealed that Voldemort's minion Barty Crouch Jr, disguised as Hogwarts professor Mad-Eye Moody, has manipulated the events of the Triwizard Tournament in Harry's favour. Voldemort's goal is to teleport Harry under Dumbledore's watch as a reluctant participant to the Little Hangleton graveyard, where the Riddle family is buried. Harry is captured and, after Pettigrew uses Harry's blood to fulfil a gruesome magical ritual, Voldemort regains his body and is restored to his full power. For the first time in the series, Rowling describes his appearance: "tall and skeletally thin", with a face "whiter than a skull, with wide, livid scarlet eyes and a nose that was as flat as a snake�s with slits for nostrils". Rowling writes that his "hands were like large, pale spiders; his long white fingers caressed his own chest, his arms, his face; the red eyes, whose pupils were slits, like a cat's, gleamed still more brightly through the darkness". It was revealed that, while in Albania, Pettigrew had captured the Ministry of Magic official Bertha Jorkins, who was tortured for information about the Ministry. After they learned that Barty Crouch Jr, a faithful Death Eater, had been smuggled out of Azkaban and was privately confined at his father's house, they killed her. With Pettigrew's help, Voldemort creates a small, rudimentary body, corporeal enough to travel and perform magic, and formulated a plan to restore his own body by capturing Harry. A portion of the plan had been overheard by Frank Bryce, a gardener, whom Voldemort then killed. Voldemort then completes his plan and returns to life in his full body as a result of the ritual with Harry's blood. He then summons his Death Eaters to the graveyard to witness the death of Harry as he challenges Harry to a duel. However, when Voldemort duels Harry, their wands become magically locked together due to the twin Phoenix feather cores of the wands. Because of a phenomenon later revealed as Priori Incantatem, ghost-like manifestations of Voldemort's most recent victims (including Harry's parents) then appear and distract Voldemort, allowing Harry just enough time to escape via Portkey with the body of fellow-student, Cedric Diggory, who was murdered by Pettigrew on Voldemort's orders. In the fifth book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Voldemort appears at the climax, having again plotted against Harry. In this book, Harry goes through extreme emotional stress, and according to Rowling, it was necessary to prove that Harry is emotionally vulnerable and thus human, in contrast to his nemesis Voldemort, who is emotionally invulnerable and thus inhuman: "[Harry is] a very human hero, and this is, obviously, there�s a contrast, between him, as a very human hero, and Voldemort, who has deliberately dehumanised himself. [�] and Harry, therefore, did have to reach a point where he did almost break down." In this book, Voldemort makes liberal use of the Ministry of Magic's refusal to believe that he has returned. Voldemort engineers a plot to free Bellatrix Lestrange and some other Death Eaters from Azkaban and then embarks on a scheme to retrieve the full record of a prophecy stored in the Department of Mysteries regarding Harry and himself. He sends a group of Death Eaters to retrieve the prophecy, where the Order of the Phoenix meets them. All but Bellatrix are captured, and Voldemort engages in a ferocious duel with Dumbledore. Voldemort attempts to possess Harry but finds that he cannot; Harry is too full of that which Voldemort finds incomprehensible, and which he detests as weakness: love. Sensing that Dumbledore could win, Voldemort disapparates, but not before the Minister for Magic sees him in person, making his return to life public knowledge in the next book. Voldemort does not appear in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, although his presence and actions are felt: he once again declares war, and begins to rise to power once more. He murders Amelia Bones of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement, and begins to target members of the Order of the Phoenix, including Emmeline Vance. Rowling uses several chapters as exposition to establish Voldemort's backstory. In a series of flashbacks, using the pensieve as a plot device, she reveals that Voldemort is the son of the witch Merope Gaunt and a muggle called Tom Riddle. Riddle abandons Merope before their child's birth, soon after which Merope dies, just hours after giving birth. After living in an orphanage, young Tom meets Albus Dumbledore, who tells him he is a wizard and arranges for him to attend Hogwarts. Riddle is outwardly a model student, but is in reality a sociopath who takes sadistic pleasure in using his powers to harm and control people. He eventually murders his father and grandparents as revenge for abandoning him. The book also discusses Riddle's hatred of "Muggles" (non-magical humans), his obsession with Horcruxes, and his desire to split his soul to achieve immortality. Rowling stated Voldemort's conception under the influence of a love potion symbolises the prejudicial circumstances under which he was brought into the world. In the main plot of the book, Voldemort's next step is to engineer an assault on Hogwarts, and to attack Dumbledore. This is accomplished by Draco Malfoy, who arranges transportation of Death Eaters into Hogwarts by a pair of Vanishing Cabinets, which bypass the extensive protective enchantments placed around the school. The cabinets allow Voldemort's Death Eaters to enter Hogwarts, where battle commences and Dumbledore is cornered. Hogwarts professor (and re-doubled agent) Severus Snape uses the Killing Curse against Dumbledore when Draco could not force himself to do so. Final book In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Voldemort furthers his quest for ultimate power. He disposes of the Minister for Magic and replaces him with Pius Thicknesse, who is under the Imperius Curse. Establishing a totalitarian police state, he has Muggle-borns persecuted and arrested for "stealing magic" from the "pure blood" wizards. After failing to kill Harry with Lucius Malfoy's borrowed wand (to avoid the effect of Priori Incantatem), he goes on a murderous search for the Elder Wand, the most powerful wand ever created, seeing it as the weapon he needs to overcome Harry's wand and make him truly invincible. He goes on a quest that takes him out of the country to Gregorovitch's wand shop, where he kills the old wandmaker. His journey also takes him to Nurmengard, the prison where Gellert Grindelwald is kept, and he kills Grindelwald as well. He finally locates the Elder Wand and steals it from Dumbledore's tomb. Later, he finds out that Harry and his friends are destroying his Horcruxes. After offering the occupants of Hogwarts mercy if they give up Harry, he assembles a large army and launches an invasion of the castle, where Harry is searching for Ravenclaw's Lost Diadem, one of the Horcruxes. Voldemort orders his pet snake Nagini to execute Snape, believing it would make him the true master of the Elder Wand, since Snape killed Dumbledore. He then calls an hour's armistice, in exchange for Harry. When Harry willingly walks into Voldemort's camp in the Forbidden Forest, Voldemort strikes him down with the Elder Wand. However, the use of Harry's blood to resurrect Voldemort's body proves to be a major setback: while Harry's blood runs in Voldemort's veins, Harry cannot be killed as his mother's protection lives on now in Voldemort too. Instead, Voldemort destroys the part of his own soul that resides in Harry�s body. Voldemort forces Rubeus Hagrid to carry Harry's apparently lifeless body back to the castle as a trophy, sparking another battle during which Nagini, his last Horcrux, is destroyed by Neville Longbottom. The battle then moves into the Great Hall, where Voldemort fights Minerva McGonagall, Kingsley Shacklebolt, and Horace Slughorn simultaneously. Harry then reveals himself and explains to Voldemort that Draco became the true master of the Elder Wand when he disarmed Dumbledore; Harry, in turn, won the wand's allegiance when he took Draco's wand. Voldemort nonetheless casts the Killing Curse with the Elder Wand while Harry uses a Disarming Charm with Draco's, but the Elder Wand refuses to kill its master and the spell rebounds on Voldemort who, with all of his Horcruxes destroyed, finally dies. His body is laid in a different chamber from all the others who died battling him. Rowling stated that after his death, Voldemort is forced to exist in the stunted infant-like form that Harry sees in the King's Cross-like Limbo after his confrontation with Voldemort in the Forbidden Forest. Rowling also mentioned that, despite his extreme fear of death, he cannot become a ghost. Portrayals within films Voldemort appears in seven Harry Potter films, namely Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows � Part 1 and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows � Part 2. Five actors have portrayed him, in his varying incarnations and ages. In Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Voldemort's manifestation is as a face on the back of Quirrell's head, an effect achieved by computer generated imagery. Ian Hart, the actor who played Quirrell in the same film, provided the voice and the facial source for this character. Voldemort also appears in a scene in the Forbidden Forest where he is seen drinking the blood of a unicorn. As Voldemort's face was altered enough by CG work, and Hart's voice was affected enough, there was no confusion by Hart's playing of the two roles. In that film, he was also shown in a flashback sequence when he arrived at the home of James and Lily Potter to kill them. In this scene Voldemort is played by Richard Bremmer, though his face is never seen. His next appearance would be in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets as the 16-year-old Tom Marvolo Riddle (portrayed by Christian Coulson). In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Voldemort is initially only heard, possessing the scratchy, weak voice heard in the first film. By the film's climax, however, he appears in his physical form for the first time, played by Ralph Fiennes. As in the book, Voldemort is shown clad in dark black robes, being tall and emaciated, with no hair and yellowish teeth; his wand has a white tone and the handle appears to be made of bone; his finger nails are long and pale blue while his toe nails appear to be infected. Unlike in the book, his pupils are not snake-like and his eyes are blue, because producer David Heyman felt that his evil would not be able to be seen and would not fill the audience with fear (his eyes do briefly take on a snake-like appearance when he opens them after turning human, but quickly turn normal). As in the book, the film version of Voldemort has snake-like slit nostrils with the flesh of his nose significantly pressed back. Ralph Fiennes' nose was not covered in makeup on the set, but was digitally removed in post-production. In this first appearance, Voldemort also has a forked tongue, but this element was removed for the subsequent films. Fiennes stated that he had two weeks to shoot the climactic showdown scene where he is gloating over a terrified Harry, played by Daniel Radcliffe. Fiennes said with a chuckle: "I have no doubt children will be afraid of me now if they weren't before." In preparation, he read the novel Goblet of Fire, but jokingly conceded: "I was only interested in my scene, and I had to go through thousands and thousands of other scenes which I did, dutifully, until I got to my scene and I read it many, many, many, many, many times and that was my research." Fiennes reprised his role as Lord Voldemort in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows � Part 1 and Part 2. Fiennes's nephew, Hero Fiennes-Tiffin, portrayed Tom Riddle as a child in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. By the time filming arrived, Christian Coulson had aged and was therefore not eligible to return as the adolescent Riddle. Thomas James Longley was originally scheduled to take over the role, but last minute renegotiation's saw Frank Dillane cast instead. Characterisation Personality Rowling described Voldemort as "the most evil wizard for hundreds and hundreds of years". She elaborated that he is a "raging psychopath, devoid of the normal human responses to other people's suffering", and whose only ambition in life is to become all-powerful and immortal. He is also a sadist who derives amusement from inflicting pain on others without any remorse and murders people just for fun, especially Muggles, and does not recognise the worth and humanity of anybody except himself.[38] He feels no desire or need for human companionship or friendship, and cannot comprehend love or affection for another. He believes he is superior to everyone around him, to the point that he frequently refers to himself in the third-person as "Lord Voldemort." Rowling also stated that Voldemort is "incredibly power hungry. Racist, really", and that if Voldemort were to look into the Mirror of Erised, he would see "Himself, all-powerful and eternal. That's what he wants." Rowling also stated that Voldemort's conception by influence of Amortentia � a love potion administered by the witch Merope Gaunt to the Muggle Tom Riddle � is related to his inability to understand love; it is "a symbolic way of showing that he came from a loveless union � but of course, everything would have changed if Merope had survived and raised him herself and loved him. The enchantment under which Tom Riddle fathered Voldemort is important because it shows coercion, and there can�t be many more prejudicial ways to enter the world than as the result of such a union". Like most archetypical villains, Voldemort's arrogance leads to his downfall. He also suffers from a pathological fear of death, which he regards as a shameful and ignominious human weakness. According to Rowling, his Boggart would be his own corpse. Rowling also said that the difference between Harry and Voldemort is that Harry accepts mortality, and thus Harry is in the end stronger than his nemesis. Magical abilities and skills Throughout the series, Rowling establishes Voldemort as an extremely powerful, intelligent, and ruthless Dark Wizard. He is known as one of the greatest Legilimens in the world and a highly accomplished Occlumens; he can read minds and shield his own from penetration. Besides Dumbledore he is also the only wizard ever known to be able to apparate silently. Voldemort was also said to fear one wizard alone, Albus Dumbledore. In the final book, Voldemort flies unsupported, something that amazes those who see it. Voldemort, like his ancestral family, the Gaunts, is a Parselmouth, meaning he can converse with serpents. This skill was inherited from his ancestor, Salazar Slytherin. The Gaunt family speak Parseltongue among themselves. This highly unusual trait may be preserved through inbreeding, a practice employed by the Gaunt Family to maintain their blood's purity. When Voldemort attempts to kill Harry his ability to speak Parseltongue is passed to Harry through the small bit of the former's soul. After that bit of soul is destroyed, Harry loses this ability. In a flashback in the sixth novel, Voldemort boasts to Dumbledore during a job interview that he has "pushed the boundaries of magic farther than they had ever before". Dumbledore states that Voldemort's knowledge of magic is more extensive than any wizard alive and that even Dumbledore's most powerful protective spells and charms would not likely be sufficient if Voldemort returned to full power. Dumbledore also said that Voldemort was probably the most brilliant student Hogwarts has ever seen. Although Voldemort remains highly accomplished and prodigious in skill, he is enormously lacking and highly inept in the most powerful magic, love. This inability to love and trust others proves to be Voldemort's greatest weakness in the series. Voldemort initially voices scepticism that his own magic might not be the most powerful, but upon returning to power, he admits to his Death Eaters that he had overlooked the ancient and powerful magic which Lily Potter invoked and that would protect Harry from harm. On her website, Rowling wrote that Voldemort's wand is made of yew, whose sap is poisonous and which symbolises death. It forms a deliberate contrast to Harry's wand, which is made of holly, which she chose because holly is alleged to repel evil. Rowling establishes in the books that Voldemort is magically connected to Harry via Harry's forehead scar. He disembodies himself when his Killing Curse targeting Harry rebounds on him, leaving the scar on Harry's forehead. In the books, and to a lesser extent in the films, Harry's scar serves as an indicator of Voldemort's presence: it burns when the Dark Lord is near or when Voldemort is feeling murderous or exultant. According to Rowling, by attacking Harry when he was a baby Voldemort gave him "tools [that] no other wizard possessed � the scar and the ability it conferred, a magical window into Voldemort's mind." Outward appearance After he regained his body in the fourth book, Rowling described Voldemort as having pale skin, a chalk-white, skull-like face, snake-like slits for nostrils, red eyes and cat-like slits for pupils, a skeletally thin body and long, thin hands with unnaturally long fingers. As mentioned in the first chapter of the seventh book, he also has no hair or lips. Earlier in life, as seen through flashbacks contained in the second and sixth books, Tom Marvolo Riddle is described as handsome. As Tom Riddle, he was tall and had pale skin, jet black hair, and dark eyes. He could charm many people with his looks. The transformation into his monstrous state is believed to have been the result of creating his Horcruxes, becoming less human as he continued to divide his soul. Dumbledore also speculates that Voldemort may have gained his hideous appearance by undergoing dangerous magical transformations. In the movies (with the exception of the first), however, Voldemort's eyes are blue with round pupils. Riddle family The Riddle family consisted of old Mr. and Mrs. Riddle and their son, Voldemort's father, Tom Riddle. They owned over half of the valley that the town of Little Hangleton lay in, and Thomas was the most prominent inhabitant of that town. They lived in a large house with fine gardens, and were unpopular locally, due to their snobbish attitudes. Tom, apparently the only child of Thomas and Mary, indulged in the typical pursuits of the upper class in the first half of the twentieth century, socialising with attractive women of his class, riding horses, and enjoying his status in the town. Rowling revealed in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince that young Merope Gaunt made efforts to get as close to Tom as she could, peering at him through the windows and bushes at every opportunity. Morfin noticed his sister's affection for Tom Riddle, and hexed Tom as he rode by, covering him in hives. This breach of wizarding law, and the ensuing violent struggle with Ministry of Magic officials, led to Marvolo and Morfin being imprisoned in Azkaban. As surmised by Dumbledore, once Merope was alone and no longer dominated by her father, she could make her move for Tom Riddle. She offered Tom a drink laced with a love potion as he rode by one day without his attractive companion, Cecilia. He became infatuated with Merope and they eloped. Within three months of the marriage, Merope became pregnant. Merope decided to stop giving Tom the love potion; she believed either that he had fallen in love with her on his own or he would at least stay for their unborn child. She was wrong, and Tom quickly left his pregnant wife and went home to his parents, claiming to have been "hoodwinked" and tricked into marrying Merope. Tom Marvolo Riddle, their son, was born on 31 December and was left to grow up in an orphanage, as Merope had died soon after giving birth. Readers first learn about the doom of the Riddles in the beginning of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Tom Riddle Sr and his parents were murdered by Tom Marvolo Riddle. The Riddles' gardener Frank Bryce was blamed for the murders in the Muggle world, though he was never charged or tried, while in the wizarding world Morfin Gaunt was framed for them and died in Azkaban prison. In the film adaptation of The Goblet of Fire, Voldemort's grandparents were given the names Thomas and Mary Riddle. Gaunt family Most of the House of Gaunt background is exposed in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince through Dumbledore's Pensieve. The Gaunts were once a powerful and influential family, and the last known descendants of Salazar Slytherin. However, an infamous streak of instability and violence that was reinforced by cousin marriages to preserve the pureblood line had reduced them to poverty and squalor, as shown in the Pensieve's memory that Harry and Dumbledore witnessed. Like Salazar Slytherin, the Gaunts spoke Parseltongue. Marvolo Gaunt was the last Gaunt family patriarch. He was sentenced to a short term in Azkaban for his and his son's assault upon a Ministry of Magic official. His stint in Azkaban affected Marvolo's health and he died soon after returning home. His signet ring passed to his son, Morfin Gaunt, who was convicted of assaulting a Muggle, and later died in Azkaban after being convicted again, this time for the murder of Tom Riddle Sr and Riddle's parents, a crime committed by his nephew. The truth was discovered much later by Dumbledore, who visited Morfin at Azkaban to gather information about Voldemort. After Dumbledore successfully extracted Morfin's memory of his encounter with his nephew, he tried to use the evidence to have Morfin released, but Morfin died before the decision could be made. As he was the last male Gaunt, the House of Gaunt ended with Morfin's death. Merope Gaunt (/mɛˈroʊpiː/) was the daughter of Marvolo, sister of Morfin. Harry's first impression of her was that she looked "like the most defeated person he had ever seen", probably because she lived in raggedness, squalor and abuse. She married Tom Riddle Sr and became pregnant within three months of the wedding. It is suggested that she tricked her husband by using a love potion, but when she became pregnant, she decided to stop administering the potion. It is implied that Merope had grown tired of living the lie and thought that her husband might have grown to love her, or that he might have stayed for the sake of their unborn child; however, he left her. Desperate, Merope wandered through the streets of London. The only thing she had left was the heavy gold locket that had once belonged to Salazar Slytherin, one of her family's most treasured items, which she sold for a small amount. When she was due to give birth, she stumbled into a Muggle orphanage; within the hour, she gave birth to her only son, Tom Marvolo Riddle, and died within the next hour. The Gaunts, and thereby Voldemort, are distantly related to Harry Potter because they are descendants of the Peverell brothers. Reception Several people have drawn a parallel between Lord Voldemort and some politicians. Rowling has admitted that Voldemort was "a sort of" Adolf Hitler, and that there is some parallel with Nazism in her books. Rowling also compared Voldemort with Joseph Stalin. Alfonso Cuar�n, director of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban compared Voldemort with George W. Bush and Saddam Hussein, as the two of them "...have selfish interests and are very much in love with power. Also, a disregard for the environment. A love for manipulating people." Andrew Slack and the Harry Potter Alliance compare media consolidation in the U.S. to Voldemort's regime in Deathly Hallows and its control over the Daily Prophet and other media saying that "Once Voldemort took over every form of media in the wizarding world, Dumbledore's Army and the Order of the Phoenix formed an independent media movement called 'Potterwatch'. Now the HP Alliance and Wizard Rock have come together to fight for a Potterwatch movement in the real world to fight back against Big VoldeMedia from further pushing out local and foreign news, minority representation, and the right to a Free Press." Julia Turner from Slate Magazine also noted similarities between the events of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and the current War on Terror. She said that Voldemort takes up terrorism by destroying bridges, murdering innocents, and forcing children to kill their elders. Voldemort has also been compared with other characters within fiction, for example Sauron from The Lord of the Rings; they are, during the time when the main plot takes place, seeking to recover their lost power after having been considered dead or at least no longer a threat, and are also so feared that they are sometimes unnamed. Author Christopher Hitchens wrote in 12 August 2007 edition of The New York Times that, in the final book, Voldemort "becomes more tiresome than an Ian Fleming villain." IGN listed Voldemort as their seventh favourite Harry Potter character, calling him "truly frightening". In popular culture Several campaigns have used Lord Voldemort to compare his evilness to the influence of politicians, large media and corporations. "Lord Voldemort" is a nickname sometimes used for Peter Mandelson. Voldemort has been parodied in various venues. In The Simpsons 13th season's premiere, "Treehouse of Horror XII", Montgomery Burns appears as Lord Montymort. A parody of Voldemort appears in The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy as Lord Moldybutt, an enemy of Nigel Planter (a parody of Harry). In these episodes, when someone says Lord Moldybutt's name, something unfortunate happens, usually to Moldybutt. Voldemort also appears in the Potter Puppet Pals sketches by Neil Cicierega. One of the episodes titled "Trouble at Hogwarts" features Voldemort being killed with machine guns. Another episode, "The Mysterious Ticking Noise", shows Snape, Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Dumbledore being killed by a pipe bomb placed by Voldemort inside a turducken; the episode being the seventeenth most viewed video of all time as of 2008 and the winner for "Best Comedy" of the year 2007 at YouTube. In 2011 Lord Voldemort was voted one of the Best Screen Villains On Earth, coming only marginally behind The Joker and Darth Vader. In Time, Lon Tweeten shows with Continuing the Magic possible future book covers laced with pop culture references. One of them, the "Dark Lord of the Dance", shows Voldemort teaming up with Harry on Broadway. In the MAD Magazine parodies of the films, the character is called Lord Druckermort, a backwards reference to the magazine's longtime caricaturist Mort Drucker. In Alistair McGowan's Big Impression show, during the sketch called "Louis Potter and the Philosopher's Scone", Gary Lineker appears as the Voldemort figure.[64] In one of the Harry Bladder sketches in All That, Headmaster Pimpell's grotesque pimple turns out to be the head of Lord Moldyshorts. In Harry Podder: Dude Where's My Wand?, a play by Desert Star Theater in Utah, written by sisters Laura J., Amy K. and Anna M. Lewis, Voldemort appears as evil wizard Voldie. In Alan Moore's League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: 1969, a young Tom Marvolo Riddle (introduced as "Tom", whose middle name is a "marvel" and last name is a "conundrum") appears, and becomes the new avatar of Oliver Haddo at the story's conclusion. In A Very Potter Musical, Voldemort is played by actor Joe Walker. In the TV show Weeds, Isabelle Hodes compares her mother Celia whom she despises to Voldemort. After Celia is kicked out of the Hodes house, Isabelle informs her father Dean that Celia will return. Indeed, the Hodes family is reunited a few episodes later.   (IMG: http://entertainmentbuzz.info/files/318c0_saw-5-200x300.jpg ) (IMG: http://www.latinoreview.com/images/upload/567reviewpic.jpg ) (5 of 16 lists - 65 points - highest ranking #6 kyyle23) John Kramer (commonly referred to as Jigsaw) is a fictional character and the central character of the Saw franchise. Jigsaw made his debut as the primary antagonist in the first film of the series, Saw, and he's later portrayed as an antihero in Saw II, III, IV, V, VI and 3D. He is portrayed by American actor Tobin Bell. In the series' narrative, Kramer is a former civil engineer dying from an inoperable frontal lobe tumor that had developed from colon cancer. After a failed suicide attempt, Kramer experienced a new respect for his own life and set out to force others through deadly trials to help them appreciate their own lives by testing their will to live through self-sacrifice. The tests were typically symbolic of what Jigsaw perceived as a flaw in each person's moral character or life. The Jigsaw name was given by the media for his practice of cutting puzzle pieces out of the flesh of those who failed their ordeals and perished, symbolic of their missing survival instincts, but Kramer never took or used the name to refer to himself. Saw The Jigsaw Killer character was introduced in the 2004 film Saw through the character Dr. Lawrence Gordon's recounting of his first killings. Jigsaw is described as a mysterious person who kidnaps people he sees as wasting their lives and attempts to "save" them. This is accomplished by administering various inhumane tests consisting of mechanical devices rigged to maim or kill the subjects or other victims if not completed within a certain time period. As opposed to other killers, Jigsaw does not actually intend to kill his subjects; the purpose of his traps is to see if the subject has the will to survive, and thus inflict enough psychological trauma for the subjects to appreciate their life and save themselves from their own demons. As his victims increase, the media dubs him The Jigsaw Killer, or simply Jigsaw, because of the jigsaw puzzle-shaped piece of flesh that he cuts from unsuccessful subjects, a practice explained in Saw II as reflecting each subject "was missing a vital piece of the human puzzle; the survival instinct". Throughout the first film, his identity remains uncertain; the unstable ex-cop David Tapp suspects that he may be Dr. Gordon, one of the film's two protagonists, and near the end of the film Dr. Gordon and fellow protagonist Adam are led to believe it is the hospital orderly Zep Hindle. Only at the end of the film is it revealed that the Jigsaw Killer was in fact a terminal cancer patient of Dr. Gordon's, John Kramer, who spent the entire time posing as a corpse on the floor of the bathroom Adam was trapped in. Saw II Much of the character's backstory was revealed in Saw II, revealing that he had become sick and had gone in for a medical examination, where he learned from Dr. Lawrence Gordon that he was dying of colon cancer, with an inoperable brain tumor. At this point, he stated that he began to see how many people took their lives for granted. He drove himself off of a cliff but survived the suicide attempt, and subsequently began his "work" to save people from themselves. Though he never claimed nor encouraged the name, Kramer's work eventually earned him the nickname The Jigsaw Killer, in spite of the circumstances and intentions he had while conducting his work; he did not consider himself to be a "killer" or "murderer". This is because rather than killing his victims outright, he trapped them in situations which he called "tests" or "games", in order to test their instinctual will to live versus physical or psychological torture. In Saw II, Jigsaw leaves a hint in one of his traps that leads police to apprehend him. There, he puts police Detective Eric Matthews through a test by showing him Matthews' son Daniel trapped in a house filled with nerve gas, along with people whom, though far from innocent, Matthews had framed for crimes they did not commit. Jigsaw offers to let the younger Matthews survive if the Detective sits and talks to him, which ends with Eric brutally beating Jigsaw and forcing him to lead him to the house. Upon their arrival, Jigsaw is rescued by Amanda Young, one of his victims (introduced previously in Saw) who, having survived her trap and seeing her captor as a savior, has become his apprentice. Saw III By Saw III, a dying Jigsaw is hospitalized and extremely concerned over Amanda Young's failure to allow her subjects a fair chance to survive her tests. In his desperation, Jigsaw administers a final test to Young, in order to see if she was truly capable of successfully carrying on his work. Being kept alive by Dr. Lynn Denlon, a test subject who is forced to perform brain surgery on Jigsaw at the risk of dying by her own trap, Jigsaw attempts to keep Young from failing her test. However, after she breaks down, Young shoots Dr. Denlon. Witnessing this, Jeff Denlon, Dr. Denlon's vengeful husband who is also being tested, kills Young with a gunshot to her neck. After explaining the rules of a final game to Jeff, Jigsaw is mortally wounded when Jeff slices his throat with a power saw. As he dies, Jigsaw pulls out a tape player and plays a recording explaining that he is responsible for the abduction of Corbett, Jeff's daughter, and that if he wants her back he'll have to participate in another game. Saw IV While Jigsaw appears as a corpse in the present at the beginning and end of Saw IV, a tape found in his stomach during his autopsy assures Lieutenant Mark Hoffman that his games have just begun. During the autopsy, it was revealed that Kramer was 52 at the time of his death. Saw IV also explored Jigsaw's history, more so than previously done in Saw II, rendering some of the content in Saw: Rebirth (a one-shot comic published in 2005) non-canon, instead showing a new back story. From the story given in Saw IV, Kramer was a successful civil engineer who got into property development, and was a devoted husband to his wife Jill; she ran a recovery clinic for drug users, to which he gave his belief, "Cherish Your Life". However, after a robbery and the reckless actions of a clinic patient named Cecil Adams resulted in the loss of the Kramers' unborn child, John became detached and angry, which eventually caused their divorce. After being diagnosed with cancer as first seen in Saw II, and trying to kill himself, Kramer began his work as Jigsaw, hunting down Cecil as his first test subject. Saw V Jigsaw reappears in Saw V, in flashback meetings with Hoffman, attacking and kidnapping Paul Leahy, then setting up and later watching his razor wire trap from Saw, as well as setting up the house of Saw II. He is shown on his deathbed talking to Hoffman about setting up a test, which leads Hoffman to exit the room as Young enters with Dr. Denlon, which occurs near the beginning of Saw III. Jigsaw also appears in a video will to his ex-wife Jill Tuck, leaving her a mysterious box. His deceased body is shown several times during the start of the movie, which was also the end of Saw IV, an opening scene in which Peter Strahm receives his first cassette tape, and a flashback which occurs to Strahm later in the film. Saw VI Jigsaw appears in flashbacks in the film. One flashback set prior to the events of the first film showed that it was Amanda Young who sent Cecil to Jill (Tuck) Kramer's clinic to steal drugs for her. This resulted in Jill's miscarriage, and thus Young was revealed to be an indirect cause of John Kramer's transformation into Jigsaw. Further flashbacks set prior to the events of the first film reveal that Jigsaw targeted William Easton for one of his games because he had insensitively denied Kramer health coverage after he had developed cancer. In the present time of Saw VI, Kramer shows himself on video twice to Easton instead of the Billy Puppet (the method Kramer usually used to speak to his subjects), so Easton could look in the eyes of someone he let die. In another flashback, this time set between the events of the first and second film, Jigsaw explains to his ex-wife that his "rehabilitation" works, showing Amanda Young as supposed evidence of this. A flashback set just before the events of the third and fourth films explores the group dynamic between Jigsaw, Amanda Young and Hoffman. Jigsaw criticises Hoffman for not seeing the test subjects as human beings and also critiques his approach to setting up Timothy Young's trap. It was also shown that Jigsaw seemed to have had a closer emotional attachment to Amanda Young than Hoffman. Shortly afterward, Jigsaw gave his ex-wife the key which she later used to open the box he gave her in his will in Saw V. In the present time of Saw VI, it is revealed that the box contained six envelopes (marked 1 through 6), a thicker envelope, and an updated version of the "Reverse Bear Trap". She gave Mark Hoffman envelopes 1 through 5, but hid everything else from him and later delivered the thick envelope to an unknown person. Envelope 6 was meant only for Tuck-Kramer, instructing her to trap Hoffman and put the "Reverse Bear Trap" on him so he could be "tested". This fulfilled the promise made, via the audio tape discovered in the stomach of Jigsaw's corpse, that Hoffman would not go untested. Saw 3D Bell reprised his role as John Kramer/Jigsaw in Saw 3D, though his role was extremely minimal compared to previous films. He is seen in a flashback meeting Bobby Dagen at his book signing, subtly calling him a liar. He then mocks him while getting his own copy signed, which is then used in the path of Bobby's game to remind him of their encounter. He appears at the end of the film, where it was revealed that after Dr. Gordon escaped the bathroom, Jigsaw dragged him away and gave him a prosthetic foot, and congratulated him for surviving. He then made Gordon his final accomplice, considering him to be his greatest asset. Gordon assisted Jigsaw in traps which required surgical knowledge. The contents of the package Jill left at a hospital in Saw VI was shown to be a video tape for Gordon, in which Jigsaw told him that should anything happen to Jill, he would have to "act on [Jigsaw's] behalf". It is implied that John knew Hoffman would go rogue and start straying from his ideals and wanted him to be punished. After Jill is killed by Hoffman, Gordon fulfills this request by assaulting Hoffman and sealing him in the bathroom from the first film. In other media Saw: Rebirth The character of John Kramer is also featured in the comic book, Saw: Rebirth, which is set prior to the events of the first movie. It filled in some of his history, showing him as a toy designer at Standard Engineering Ltd. who was too lazy to do much with his life, ultimately ending his relationship with Jill. Saw: Rebirth also reveals Kramer's discovery that he had terminal cancer and outlined how his subsequent failed suicide attempt impacted his train of thought. His relationships with Dr. Lawrence Gordon, Zep Hindle, Paul Leahy, Amanda Young, and Mark Wilson were explored, along with his transformation into Jigsaw. Rebirth's continuity was ultimately contradicted by the backstory presented in Saw IV. "SAW � The Ride" Jigsaw's dead body can be seen on the floor on Thorpe Park's SAW - The Ride. Upon exiting, his head can be seen hanging from a high ceiling. Saw: The Video Game Tobin Bell reprises his role as the voice of Jigsaw in the Saw video game. He is shown on television screens dressed in his signature robes setting up traps for people and preaching his lesson of life appreciation to them. He frequently advises and taunts Detective Tapp as he traverses through an abandoned insane asylum, usually by way of the Billy puppet. Saw II: Flesh & Blood Tobin Bell reprised his role as the voice of the Jigsaw Killer in the Saw: The Video Game sequel Saw II: Flesh & Blood. Tobin Bell also sold his likeness for the Jigsaw Killer, who actually appears in the game. Jigsaw tests Detective Tapp's estranged son Michael, who is wanting to get to the bottom of his father's death. Jigsaw personally taunts Michael throughout the game, always being out of reach. Via case files, we also learn that he built nearly half of the city (explaining his numerous hideouts in the series). He appears to seek the destruction of the drug cartel run by corrupt cops. In the ending, he faces either Michael (tempting him onto becoming another apprentice) or Campbell (giving him freedom but getting attacked in retaliation). Characterization The producers of the Saw films have fought to differentiate the Jigsaw Killer from other horror film killers. Darren Lynn Bousman, the director of Saw II, III and IV, has stated on the character's role "He's not Jason or Freddy. He's not even Hannibal Lecter. He's a person with extreme beliefs and he really thinks he's making a difference. He's a vigilante if anything. He thinks he's making a difference." Tobin Bell, the actor who plays Jigsaw, describes his character's role as being more of a scientist or engineer and "he thinks very specifically and very pragmatically". About Jigsaw's games being detail oriented, Bell said: "My sense is that Jigsaw is so detail oriented that I think he thinks in terms of worst case scenario. I think he�s a very good judge of character, so his sense that, for example, that Detective Matthews was going to play right into his trap, which he did, was right on. Now, it seems to me that he's always got a second plan in place. And there's probably been a number of second plans. I mean, we've only seen three movies. Maybe there are six more somewhere where he failed, where something didn't play out". Bousman mentioned that Saw III was intended to contain a scene in which Jigsaw showed remorse for his actions after seeing the results: "For the first time, we actually see him break down and cry. Imagine your entire life's work. You're on your deathbed. You know there's nothing else you can do and here's how you'll be remembered: as a killer, as a murderer. Not as someone who helped people. Not as someone who changed lives. Someone who took away lives. The one thing he didn't want to be and, as he's on his deathbed, he's realizing this." As a result of his cancer and a failed suicide attempt, John decided to dedicate the rest of his life to teaching people to appreciate their own lives. The producers of Saw III and director Darren Lynn Bousman see Jigsaw, not as a serial killer, but a "scientist" who is determined to initiate the survival instinct in his "subjects", believing that humanity no longer uses its instinct of survival. While the character's discovery that he has cancer is acknowledged to be the "final straw" that drove him to his actions, Bell has stated in an interview that "His terminal cancer is one of the elements of his life but he's as angry over the fact the world is going to hell in handbasket because it's no longer the survival of the fittest; it's the survival of the mediocre. That drives him as much as anything else. He doesn't just talk about his frustrations, he does something about them, and he puts himself on the line. His cancer was about one element in about 130 elements that caused him to create the world that he's created." Jigsaw is depicted in the Saw films as being extremely intelligent in the areas relevant to his actions. In Saw: Rebirth he is depicted doing extensive study in multiple fields to gain knowledge for designing his tests, and recurring director Bousman himself has described Jigsaw as being "extremely educated" in an interview. Symbolic representations Traps In the series, Jigsaw usually builds deadly traps for his subjects, which are often a symbolic representation of what Jigsaw perceives as a flaw in the person's life. Jigsaw calls these tests "games", and tells the person the "rules" of the game usually by audio or video tape. The rules are tasks that the person must perform in order to pass the test and survive; however, the tasks often involve extreme self mutilation (although there have been occasions where it is possible for the subject not to harm themselves if they are clever enough, such as the Hand Trap). On occasion, Jigsaw has used psychological torture for the subject's test. Many of the games involve clocks, counting down timers or other measured time constraints provided to the victims. Jigsaw elaborated in Saw II his appreciation of "time", outlining the importance of savoring every moment. He also stated his belief that telling someone the time in which they may die would awaken an alertness for every moment of existence. Jake Huntley wrote of the complexity of Jigsaw's character in the Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies. Huntley described the intention behind Jigsaw's actions, and evaluated the extent to which they can be analyzed to fit into the philosophies associated with Deleuze, Darwin and Nietzsche: "The subject of one of Jigsaw's games is therefore always presented with an opportunity, the aim of which is to reinvigorate the potential of the subject, jump-start the survival instinct and instill a celebration or "savouring" of life. In Deleuzian terms, it is the potential of life that is at stake... It is this that gives Jigsaw's games their Deleuzian tone, the urgent revitalisation of life occasioning new experiences to be learnt and assimilated: such as the perverse, singular and aberrant situation of waking to find a man-trap secured around your neck. There is then the instruction to live or die, to make your choice, to survive the encounter with affect, or the affection-image... There is no thrill, sadistic or otherwise, in setting these games; they are throws of the die by the subjects, aleatoric opportunities... As Jigsaw makes clear to Detective Matthews during their conversation in Saw II, where Jigsaw's motivation and philosophy are most comprehensively explored, "I've never murdered anyone in my life. The decisions are up to them." Whilst it probably wouldn't stand up in court, he is at least correct in his usual, carefully literal sense. The decisions, the choices, the selection of a potential, are in the hands of the subjects of his games and he only intervenes in order to keep the game within its rules so a decision can be reached. The subjects are faced with a shocking choice that forces them to acknowledge what Deleuze identifies as the virtual � that is, the unacknowledged aspects of our experience with reality. This, in effect, is the particular game that Jigsaw himself plays; one where the organism might be failing but the flow of desire succeeds and endures. Jigsaw might resort to discussing Darwin's "little trip to the Galapagos Islands" to provide a theoretical underpinning for his project and echo Nietzsche in talking of the will to survive, but this merely misdirects investigators and witnesses in the same way that the gruesome traps and freely flowing gore earn him his unsettling serial killer soubriquet. Jigsaw's games are designed to crack open the world of their respective players: the challenges are nearly always relevant to the subject's lifestyle in a symbolic or literal way, bringing them to painful self awareness, prompting a reappraisal of their squandered potential." Jigsaw intends through these traps to force his victims to prove to him that they are "worthy" and "deserving" to continue living, and also for them to learn to abandon what he perceives to be their vices. Jigsaw often expressed a desire for his victims to succeed, but stressed that their fate was always in their own hands. The video and audio tape instructions for his games often echo this idea: "Live or die. Make your choice." Billy Billy, a puppet, is an icon of the Jigsaw character. Jigsaw often used it for the purpose of delivering messages to his victims via a television screen, but at times it has also been physically present with the victims during their tests. He provided the (disguised) voice for Billy when it delivered its messages. It is shown in Saw IV that the original puppet was created by Kramer as an intended toy for his unborn child. Jigsaw is shown constructing the more menacing Billy puppet in Saw III for the purpose of its inclusion in his 'games'. Microcassettes Another of Jigsaw's trademarks is his use of microcassettes to deliver instructions to his victims, disguising his voice as on the Billy videotapes. A flashback in Saw IV reveals that he accomplished this by speaking into a reel-to-reel tape recorder, then slowing down the playback. Often, a victim would find a microcassette recorder left for him/her with a tape already loaded in, while at other times the tape would be found separately in an envelope marked with the victim's name or the tape on its own reading "Play Me". One tape was found in Jigsaw's stomach during his autopsy at the beginning of Saw IV. Both of his apprentices, Amanda Young and Mark Hoffman, eventually began making their own microcassettes, but without altering their voices as he did. An exception is the tape for Seth Baxter's trap, for which Hoffman did disguise his voice in order to avoid detection. Huntley remarked that Jigsaw's voice recordings operated for a specific purpose as part of Jigsaw's M.O. Huntley stated that it allowed Jigsaw to be present there not as "a participant or even a spectator but instead as a referee, observing the rules pertinent to that particular subject rather than salaciously enjoying the �victim�s agony�." Pig mask The pig mask is a thematic prop worn by Jigsaw and his accomplices throughout the Saw film series to conceal their identities while abducting their "test subjects". As the series continues, the purpose of the pig mask is explored in detail; it is explained to be a tribute to the "Year of the Pig", the year in which Jigsaw started his work. The origin of the pig mask was shown in Saw IV, revealing the first known pig masks to have been latex strap-on masks used at a Year of the Pig Chinese New Year festival. Jigsaw had snatched them and donned one, while using the other one to hold his chloroform-soaked rag. The second mask was then used to knock out his first test subject, Cecil, by placing the mask over his head with the chloroform rag still inside. When working on the original Saw film, writer Leigh Whannell and director James Wan wanted their antagonist to have some sort of mask. After some discussion, the idea of Jigsaw wearing a rotting pig's head was chosen to symbolize his pessimistic view of the world and the disease that he was "rotting" from. Nevertheless, the mask given to them from production (a rubber Halloween mask) was considered by them to be less than satisfactory. A number of things were added to make it look more gruesome, including long black hair and pus running from its eyes and nostrils. Whannell has still admitted to being disappointed with its final appearance compared to his intended one, but has admitted that the mask has since become one of the "staples" of the Saw franchise. Along with Billy and perhaps Jigsaw himself, the mask has since become one of the more iconic symbols of the franchise. It has appeared on both the posters for the first film and the fourth. The mask has also been featured on many forms of merchandise. Officially-licensed pig mask accessories have been sold for Halloween. In addition, the mask has been featured on numerous Jigsaw action figures. NECA has released two Jigsaw figurines with the pig mask; the original was Jigsaw wearing the mask in his black cloak, and a Saw III variant of Jigsaw wearing it in his red cloak. In addition, the Be@rBrick line has released a "bear" version of Jigsaw wearing the pig mask. Medicom has also released a figurine of Jigsaw wearing his infamous pig mask in the "Real Action Hero" line. On the commentary track of Saw IV, several discussions occur about Jigsaw's decision to use references to pigs. In the series, the producers explained that Jigsaw was a spiritual person; however, it has never been revealed what religion he follows. In Saw IV, Jigsaw's ex-wife Jill explains Jigsaw's organized and planned lifestyle, stating that she had conceived their miscarried son Gideon, with Jigsaw planning for him to be born in the Year of the Pig. On the commentary track, the producers explain that in the Chinese Zodiac, the pig stands for fertility and rebirth. Jigsaw is seen several times throughout the series with figurines of clay soldiers and buddhas, further symbolizing his reference to various Asian cultures. Jigsaw puzzle pieces Cut outs were made, in the shape of jigsaw puzzle pieces, from the flesh of Jigsaw's deceased victims who failed to pass their test. John Kramer received the nickname "Jigsaw" from the police and the press stemming from his tendency to perform such a ritual; however, he never encouraged that name or used it to refer to himself. Huntley argued that the jigsaw pieces that John cut out of the flesh of his failed test subjects was not intended as a mere stylized signature, but rather that it had a much deeper philosophical reflection. He stated that: "Far from being a stamp of final approval, a post-(mortem)-script to the game, the jigsaw piece represents the admission of the subject's missing survival instinct, the corporeal body's non-relational or 'snagged' desire. Those marked with jigsaw pieces are the ones that got away, left inert, reduced to the zero intensity of death. It would seem strange that Jigsaw � surely the last figure ever to be deemed sentimental � should choose to extract this symbolic jigsaw piece from these subjects, except that Jigsaw is linguistically consistent in explaining how he 'takes' or 'cuts' the piece of skin. The jigsaw shape marking those who 'fail' is the adding of a subtraction � in effect, the removal of their inability, their unfulfilled potential or their lack � the excision that leaves the whole of the body that is not the closed, inert corporeal body but is, instead, the 'body-without-organs', that is, the nexus point where energy pools amid the flow and fold of forces and durations, existence beyond the living organism." A hand-drawn jigsaw puzzle piece was also present on the back of a photograph in Saw as part of a clue for one of his games. Apprentices Throughout the Saw series, Jigsaw developed a tendency to recruit "apprentices" to carry on his perceived mission. Amanda Young, Lieutenant Mark Hoffman, Dr. Lawrence Gordon, and two masked men named Pighead (Saw: The Video Game) and Pighead II (Saw II: Flesh & Blood) are the only known Jigsaw apprentices. Huntley analyzed Jigsaw's intentions in taking in prot�g�s as stemming from the terminally ill character's desire to overcome death itself, and argues that this is further evidence of his thought process being characterized by Deleuzian philosophy. Huntley argued: "Jigsaw decides that the answer is to achieve immortality through a legacy, having a successor to continue with his work. The impulse is Deleuzian. Jigsaw remains calm, neutral and impassive throughout the Saw films (not least because of his terminal condition) yet his only expressed wish, concern or desire, is that his legacy is maintained � the work of testing the fabric of humanity should go on. "Jigsaw" � as the intensive site of being, a locus of desire, the body-without-organs � can survive the death of the organism John Kramer... What seems to be consistent thematically through the Saw films is that "Jigsaw" is a part for various players, an identity composed of pieces..." John was also assisted by Obi Tate in the kidnapping of the victims of the nerve gas house, shortly before the events of Saw II, and Zep Hindle throughout the first film. Kevin Greutert, the editor of Saw's I-V and the director of Saw VI and Saw VII, stated that Amanda, in particular, is "such a peculiar aspect of the Jigsaw character", citing the fact that Kramer had developed genuine "tender feelings" for her. The term "apprentice" was used in the official plot synopses for Saw III and Saw IV. Theatrical robe Jigsaw is usually seen wearing a black theatrical robe with a large hood and red lining when running traps or abducting victims. On the commentary track for the first Saw film, it was explained that the producers originally wanted Jigsaw to have the red robe with black interior. Thinking that the red robe was too vibrant for the film, they reversed the robe to make it black with red interior. Amanda wore a similar robe in Saw III in an attempt to symbolically emulate her mentor. Although Hoffman, while wearing the pig mask, always wore the dark blue rain parka he'd worn since the murder of Seth Baxter, further illustrating the gap between him and Jigsaw. Also, both Pighead and Pighead II wear similar robes to Jigsaw, the only difference being that the Pighead robe is red. Tobin Bell Speaking about his character, actor Tobin Bell says: "My wife mentioned to me that she read an interview with Jeffrey Dahmer's mother about his childhood. And she said he was a perfectly normal child. He had friends like everyone else, he participated in the same kind of activities. In terms of your question about icons, if you begin to think of people like that, it's a deadly thing to do. You have to think of someone like Jigsaw from a very specific point of view. He doesn't view himself as some kind of diabolical psychotic. You know there's a little bit of evil in everyone. It just gets carried further. Most of us have some sort of moral fiber that restricts that. Some framework. And then others because of their lives and what happens to them, the thing develops in some other way. You know, I've played a lot of different kind of guys. Jigsaw's a fascinating person. And it's up to the filmmakers to do what ever they want to do with where he's coming from and to shape it and make it something meaningful that fits into the picture." Reaction Critical reception A review of Saw II in the San Francisco Chronicle praised Tobin Bell and Jigsaw as being "more terrifying than the movie villains in Hollywood's last five horror films put together; even though he's in a wheelchair and hooked up to multiple IVs." Don Summer, a writer for Best-Horror-Movies.com, stated that "the villain, in Jigsaw, is brilliant and formidable" and that actor Tobin Bell has done a "fantastic job" in his recurring role. Neil Smith, a film reviewer for the BBC, described Bell's Jigsaw as "creepy", describing the character as adding "a palpably sinister charge" to the scenes he appeared in. Sorcha N� Fhlainn, a reviewer for the Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies, remarked that Tobin Bell's Jigsaw had become such an entrenched staple of the Saw franchise, that the character's reduced appearance in Saw V was drastically felt. N� Fhlainn also commented that Jigsaw's unique character was not successfully compensated for by his apparent successor in Saw V, Mark Hoffman. N� Fhlainn went to the extent to remark that the character of Jigsaw is so central to the Saw franchise, that it should have ended as a trilogy considering Jigsaw's death at the end of Saw III. Similarly, several critics who reviewed Saw 3D lamented Bell's minimal screentime in the film, with Eric Goldman of IGN writing that he found it "impossible not to be bothered by how little time was spent" with the character. Tobin Bell was nominated for a Spike TV Scream Award three times in the category of "Most Vile Villain" for his portrayal of Jigsaw in 2006 for Saw II, in 2007 (alongside Shawnee Smith's portrayal of Amanda) for Saw III, and in 2008 for Saw IV.   (IMG: http://www.netbrawl.com/uploads/b2ca1b86cc3ee0d5b45dc6423710a443.jpg ) (4 of 16 lists - 67 points - highest ranking #4 kyyle23) Anne Marie Wilkes Dugan, usually known as Annie Wilkes, is a fictional character and the antagonist/main villain in the 1987 novel Misery, by Stephen King. In the 1990 film adaptation of the novel, Annie Wilkes was portrayed by Kathy Bates, who won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal. The American Film Institute included Annie Wilkes (as played by Bates) in their "100 Heroes and Villains" list, ranking her as the 17th most iconic villain (and sixth most iconic villainess) in film history. Character background The novel provides Wilkes' backstory, stating that she was born in Bakersfield, California on April 1, 1943 and graduated from the University of Southern California nursing school in 1966. After several years of working in hospitals across the country, she settled in a remote portion of Colorado's Western Slope. Wilkes rescues the protagonist, Paul Sheldon, after he breaks both of his legs in a car accident, and takes him to her home to convalesce. She fawns over Sheldon, a writer of romance novels starring her favorite literary character, Misery Chastain; she professes to be his "number one fan" and even says she loves him. This, and the fact that she is not in a hurry to take him to a hospital, makes Sheldon uneasy. Sheldon has studied psychological disorders as part of his research for the Misery series, and suspects early on that Wilkes is mentally unstable. Wilkes is enraged when she discovers Sheldon killed off Misery at the end of his latest novel. She tells him she has not called a hospital or told anybody about him, saying if she dies he dies. She holds him captive in her home and subjects him to a series of physical and psychological tortures. She forces him to burn the only copy of a novel he felt would put him back on track as a mainstream author, and then makes him write a new novel bringing Misery back to life. Sheldon writes the book as Wilkes wants, but chafes under her torture. In the film, he tries to kill her by spiking her drink with a massive overdose of the painkillers she gives him. However, that attempt goes awry when she accidentally spills it. Sheldon gradually develops an addiction to the painkillers. While looking for them, he finds her old scrapbook and learns from the newspaper clippings inside that she is a serial killer whose spree dates back to her childhood in Bakersfield. Among her victims were a neighboring family, her own father, her college roommate, and a hitchhiker with whom she had a brief fling. While serving as head maternity nurse (at a Boulder hospital in the book and a hospital in rural southern Colorado in the film), 11 infants in her care died under mysterious circumstances. She was tried for their deaths, but acquitted for lack of evidence. Sheldon also learns that she killed several patients at other hospitals where she worked, but no one noticed because they were either very sick or suffered debilitating injuries beforehand. Sheldon also finds that Wilkes was formerly married to a physical therapist named Ralph Dugan, who later divorced her citing "mental cruelty." The last picture is an article about Sheldon's own disappearance, leading him to fear that he is Wilkes' next victim. Sheldon doesn't know it, but Wilkes has known all along that Sheldon has been sneaking around her house. This sets off one of the film's most infamous scenes, in which she breaks his ankles with a sledgehammer to stop him from escaping. In the book she chops off his foot with an axe and cauterizes it with a blowtorch, and later cuts off one of his thumbs with an electric knife when he complains about a missing letter on his typewriter. In the book, Wilkes brutally kills a Colorado state trooper who sees Sheldon in her house by stabbing him with a wooden cross and running him over with a lawnmower. In the film, the local sheriff comes to Wilkes' farm to investigate Sheldon's disappearance. Wilkes drugs Sheldon and hides him in her basement before subsequently killing the officer with a double-barreled shotgun as he hears Sheldon's cries for help. Wilkes then says they should "celebrate" the new novel in a murder-suicide. Sheldon pretends to go along with it, telling her he needs a bottle of Dom Perignon champagne and a cigarette, as per his usual practice after finishing a book. He soaks the manuscript with lighter fluid he picked up in the basement and sets it ablaze. While Wilkes tries to put the fire out, Sheldon overpowers her by cracking her over the head with his typewriter and choking her. In the film, he chokes her with pages of the burnt novel. In the novel, he chokes her with blank pages which she believes to be the book; the real novel was hidden from sight and was later published. She ultimately dies of a fractured skull; Sheldon is then rescued by police. In the book, she fractures her skull when she slips and falls on the mantle of the guest room bed. When the police go in to search the bedroom where Wilkes is believed to have died, they find it empty. It is later revealed that, despite being mortally wounded, she managed to escape the bedroom and died in her barn with her hands on a chainsaw, which she presumably intended to use on Sheldon. In the movie, Sheldon kills her after her apparent death by ramming a metal statue of her pet sow pig � named Misery after his stories � into her head. Personality King characterizes Annie Wilkes as a cunning, brutal and dangerously disturbed woman who hides her psychosis behind a cheery facade. Both the novel and the film portray her as extremely paranoid, and also suggest that she may suffer from bipolar disorder. In the novel, she has day-long bouts with depression, during which she is seen maiming herself. She has an unhealthy obsession with romance novels, particularly Sheldon's Misery series. She abhors profanity, to the point that she will fly into fits of rage if it is used in front of her. She instead expresses anger with childishly strange words and phrases like "cockadoodie," "mister man" "dirty bird," "dirty birdy," "oogie," and "rooty-patooties." In the novel, however, she lets more conventional profanities slip on occasion, most notably when she calls Paul "a lying cocksucker" after Paul sets the new Misery book ablaze. The film is also consistent in depicting Wilkes' behavior towards profanity. She frequently has unexpectedly violent tantrums over insignificant matters. For instance, when Sheldon complains that the packet of Eaton's Corrasable Bond paper she bought for him is smudge-prone, she smashes his still-healing knee (with her bare hands in the novel and with the packet of paper in the movie). In a special feature on the collectors' edition DVD, forensic psychologist Reid Meloy said that Wilkes' personality (as portrayed by Kathy Bates) is a virtual catalog of mental illness. According to Meloy, Wilkes suffers from bipolar disorder, a severe personality disorder and sadomasochism. He also believes her profile is typical of people who stalk celebrities. In his commentary on the film available on the DVD, director Rob Reiner notes that Wilkes' killing spree is loosely based on that of Genene Jones, a nurse who is believed to have killed as many as 50 children who were in her care over a two-year period. Other appearances The fictional version of King that appears in The Dark Tower discusses Annie Wilkes. Annie Wilkes is mentioned in Kim Newman's novella, The Other Side of Midnight. Set in his alternate history crossover Anno Dracula series, it is mentioned that she was the murderer of John Lennon, telling the press that she loved him but that he had to die for splitting up the Beatles. Kathy Bates reprised her role as Annie Wilkes in a 2008 commercial for DirecTV, with the setting being the infamous scene where she cripples Paul Sheldon. In the Family Guy episode "Three Kings", which parodies works by Stephen King, Wilkes' role is taken by Stewie Griffin. An episode of the Comedy Central cartoon series Drawn Together, is a reference to the novel. In the episode Wooldoor Sockbat suffers an injury after Princess Clara tries to drown him, and she takes care of Wooldoor until he heals. She soon becomes addicted to the attention and admiration she receives as Wooldoor's caretaker, and so tries to keep him sick by giving him chemicals such as toilet soap and cleaning water; she finally breaks Wooldoor's ankles with a piece of wood and a sledgehammer. French and Saunders parodied Misery with Dawn French in Bates' role. She holds her comedy partner, Jennifer Saunders, captive in her home in the woods until she writes her a decent script. When Jennifer eventually escapes it takes a lot to kill Dawn, reflecting the number of injuries Annie Wilkes endured while Paul Sheldon was escaping in the film.   (IMG: http://images.wikia.com/deadliestfiction/images/1/11/Jack_Torrance.jpg ) (IMG: http://img.groundspeak.com/waymarking/display/6d80fee9-bc77-495d-ae94-96841fe75693.jpg ) (5 of 16 lists - 67 points - highest ranking #7 Cali) Jack Torrance is a fictional character, the antagonist in the 1977 novel The Shining by Stephen King. He was portrayed by Jack Nicholson in the 1980 movie adaptation of the novel, and by Steven Weber in the 1997 miniseries. The American Film Institute rated the character (as played by Nicholson) the 25th greatest film villain of all time. In 2008, Jack Torrance was selected by Empire Magazine as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters. Premiere Magazine also ranked Torrance on their list of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time. Biography In novel Jack Torrance is a writer and former teacher who is trying to rebuild his and his family's life after his alcoholism and volatile temper costs him his teaching position at a small preparatory school. Having given up drinking, he accepts a position maintaining the isolated Overlook Hotel in Colorado for the winter, in the hope this will salvage his family, re-establish his career, and give him the time and privacy to finish a promising play. He moves to the hotel with his wife, Wendy, and young son, Danny, who is telepathic and sensitive to supernatural forces. Danny receives guidance from an imaginary friend he calls "Tony." It is later revealed that Jack's father, also an alcoholic, was abusive towards his family. A flashback scene in the novel shows his father pretending to be drunk so as to brutally bash Jack's mother with a cane. Danny finds out that the Overlook Hotel is haunted from cook Dick Hallorann, who is also psychic (in fact, it is he who coins the term "the shining" to describe the powers he and the boy possess) and who teaches Danny to use his gift to defend himself and his family from the evil forces at work in the old building. However, Jack succumbs to both cabin fever and his drinking problem, and allows the hotel to convince him to hate his own wife and child (in fact, a good part of Jack's insanity is caused by the hotel's demonic entity, which uses its supernatural powers to psychologically torture them). Jack has encounters with ghosts of previous staff of the hotel, who insist he had always been working there, and must kill his family so he can be promoted to a managerial position. In fact, the Hotel is not only haunted by the ghosts of those who died violently within it, but the entire Hotel is itself host to a being of unknown origin, who wishes to coerce the father into killing the boy. Apparently, the souls and, perhaps, special abilities of those killed in the building belong to the entity, and the Hotel believes that if it can harness the boy's "shining" (a recurring supernatural ability in the Stephen King universe coined for those individuals who simultaneously exhibit clairvoyant and psychic abilities), then it can gather enough power to "break free" of the building in which it has somehow become trapped. Jack pursues Wendy, who knocks him out as he tries to kill her. She locks him up in a storage room, and realizes that she is stranded there at the hotel (Jack had cut off all radio communications and also sabotaged the hotel snowmobile, their only means of transport). Jack is later helped out of the food storage room by the ghost of the previous caretaker, who murdered his own family before committing suicide. Jack then brutally attacks Wendy with a roque mallet he found, although she escapes. He is interrupted with the arrival of Hallorann, whom he almost beats to death. Jack finds and confronts Danny and is about to kill him when his son reaches through the hotel's power and redeems his father moments before the hotel's boiler explodes, demolishing the building. Wendy, Danny and Hallorann escape, but Jack dies inside. In film Jack Torrance is portrayed in a less sympathetic manner in the 1980 film. In the novel Jack is a tragic hero whose shortcomings lead to his defeat, while the film implies that he is insane from the start. It also omits his traumatic childhood. The film's first major deviation from the source material occurs when Jack attacks Hallorann. Instead of merely injuring him with the mallet, Jack brutally kills Hallorann with an axe wound to the heart. In the film, Jack hears Danny scream, and chases his son to a hedge maze outside the hotel (in the novel topiary animals come to life and threaten Danny). Danny walks backwards in his own footprints to mislead Jack, then jumps to a side path and slips out of the maze. While Wendy and Danny escape the hotel in Hallorann's Snowcat, Jack gets lost trying to pick up Danny's tracks, sits down to rest, and quickly freezes to death. While Jack redeems himself in the book, in the 1980 film, he succumbs to his demons and is ultimately damned (much to Stephen King's chagrin). The film ends featuring an old photograph of a dance at the hotel from the 1920s that shows Jack in the event. In the miniseries Author Stephen King was unhappy with some liberties that the 1980s film director Stanley Kubrick took with the novel, and decided to produce a three-part miniseries of his vision of the story. While well-received by King fans, it received mixed reviews from critics. In King's film version, Jack Torrance is presented more sympathetically than in Kubrick's film. Torrance in the King miniseries is similar to the character in the novel, but the ending is changed. In the book, Jack redeems himself, and the boiler explodes due to the hotel's negligence. In the miniseries, Jack sacrifices himself by causing the boiler to explode in order to destroy the hotel. The miniseries ends with a scene not in the book: Danny graduates from high school, while his spectral father looks on. It is revealed that Danny's imaginary friend "Tony" is, in fact, Danny from the future communicating with his past self, a point briefly touched upon in the book but totally omitted from the Kubrick film. . . . The hotel has a personality in its own right, and acts as a psychic lens: it manipulates the living and the dead for its own purposes, and magnifies the psychic powers of any living people who reside there and makes them more sensitive to its urgings. Danny has premonitions of the hotel's danger to his family and begins seeing ghosts and frightening visions from the hotel's past, but puts up with them in the hope that they are not dangerous in the present. Although Danny is close to his father, he does not tell either of his parents about his visions because he senses that the caretaking job is important to his father and the family's future. Wendy thinks about taking Danny away from the Overlook to leave Jack there to finish the job on his own, but Danny refuses, thinking his father will be happier if they stay. Danny soon realizes, however, that his presence in the hotel makes it more powerful and enables it to make normally harmless objects and situations dangerous, such as topiary animals that come to life. The hotel has difficulty possessing Danny, so it begins to possess Jack, frustrating his need and desire to work. Jack becomes increasingly unstable, and the sinister ghosts of the hotel gradually begin to overtake him. One day he goes to the bar of the hotel, previously empty of alcohol, and finds it fully stocked. As he gets drunk, the hotel attempts to use Jack to kill Wendy and Danny in order to absorb Danny's psychic abilities. Wendy and Danny get the better of Jack, locking him into the walk-in pantry, but the ghost of Delbert Grady, a former caretaker who murdered his family and then committed suicide, releases him. Wendy discovers that they are completely isolated at the Overlook, as Jack has sabotaged the hotel's snowmobile and smashed the CB radio in the office. Jack strikes Wendy with one of the hotel's roque mallets, breaking three ribs, a kneecap, and one vertebra in her back. Wendy stabs Jack in the small of his back with a large butcher knife, then crawls away to the caretaker's suite and locks herself in the bathroom, with Jack in pursuit. Jack tries to break the door with the mallet, but before he unlocks the door she keeps him back by cutting him with some razor blades. Hallorann, working at a winter resort in Florida, has heard Danny's psychic call for help and rushes back to the Overlook. Jack leaves Wendy in the bathroom and ambushes Hallorann, shattering his jaw and giving him a concussion with the mallet, before setting off after Danny. Danny distracts Jack by saying "You're not my daddy," having realized that the Overlook has completely taken over Jack by playing on his alcoholism. Jack temporarily regains control of himself and tells Danny, "Run away. Quick. And remember how much I love you". Soon after, Jack is quickly possessed by the hotel again. He violently bashes his own face and skull in with his mallet so Danny can no longer recognize him as his father. Danny, realizing that his father is now gone forever, tells Jack that the unstable boiler is going to explode. In response, Jack rushes to the basement. Danny and Wendy reunite in the lobby and they flee the Overlook with Hallorann. Though Jack tries to relieve the boiler pressure, it explodes, destroying the hotel. The building's spirit makes one last desperate attempt to possess Hallorann and make him kill Danny and Wendy, but he shakes it off and brings them to safety.   (IMG: http://www.filipomelo.blogger.com.br/keyser%20soze.jpg ) (6 of 16 lists - 69 points - highest ranking #6 pittshoganerkoff) Keyser S�ze (play /ˈkaɪzər ˈsoʊzeɪ/ ky-zər soh-zay) is a fictional character in the 1995 film The Usual Suspects, written by Christopher McQuarrie and directed by Bryan Singer. According to Roger "Verbal" Kint, S�ze is a crimelord whose ruthlessness and influence have acquired a legendary, even mythical, status among police and criminals. The character was named the #48 villain in the American Film Institute's "AFI's 100 Years…100 Heroes and Villains" in June 2003. Background According to "Verbal" Kint (Kevin Spacey), S�ze was once a petty drug dealer beginning his criminal career in his native Turkey. The entity that is Keyser S�ze is born when rival Hungarian smugglers invade his house while he is away, rape his wife and hold his children hostage; when S�ze arrives, they kill one of the children to show him their resolve, then threaten to kill his wife and remaining children if he does not surrender his business to them. Rather than give in to their demands and to spare his family from having to live with the memory of what has happened, he murders them and all but one of the Hungarians, knowing that the survivor would tell the mafia what has happened. S�ze goes after the mob, killing dozens of people including the mobsters' families, friends and even people who owe them money as well as destroying their homes and businesses. He then goes "underground", never again doing business in person and remaining invisible even to his henchmen, who almost never know for whom they are working. One of the most famous lines from the movie, spoken by Kint, is: "The greatest trick the Devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist." This is a paraphrase of a phrase in a story by Charles Baudelaire, as translated from the original French. Neither McQuarrie nor Singer realized this at the time and they "borrowed it from people who were quoting Baudelaire themselves." S�ze's ruthlessness is legendary; he is described as having had enemies and disloyal henchmen brutally murdered, along with everyone they hold dear, for the slightest infractions — and as having personally murdered people who have seen and can identify him. Over the years his criminal empire, including the drug trade and the smuggling of weapons and materials flourishes as does his legend; he becomes, as Kint says during his interrogation, "a spook story that criminals tell their kids at night." Film revelations The film The Usual Suspects consists mostly of flashbacks narrated by Roger "Verbal" Kint (Kevin Spacey), ostensibly a con artist with cerebral palsy. Verbal has been granted immunity from prosecution provided he assists investigators, including Customs Agent David Kujan (Chazz Palminteri) and reveals all details of his involvement with a group of notorious criminals that are assumed to be responsible for the destruction of a ship and the murder of nearly everyone aboard. While Verbal is telling his story, Kujan learns the name Keyser S�ze from FBI agent Jack Baer (Giancarlo Esposito) and demands Verbal tell him what he knows. Verbal describes how he and a small group of career criminals are blackmailed by S�ze, through S�ze's lawyer Kobayashi (Pete Postlethwaite), into destroying a large drug shipment belonging to S�ze's Argentinian rivals. All but Kint and a Hungarian are killed in the attack. Baer believes there were no drugs and the true purpose of the attack was to eliminate a passenger on the ship who could identify S�ze. Kujan confronts Kint with the theory that S�ze is one of the criminals that Verbal had worked with: a corrupt former police officer and professional thief named Dean Keaton (Gabriel Byrne). Kujan's investigation of Keaton is what involved him in the case. In the final sequence of the movie, it is revealed that Verbal's story is a fabrication, made up of strung-together details culled from a crowded bulletin board in the messy office of the police detective where Kujan conducted Verbal's interrogation. The methods used to persuade the audience of this included a buzzing montage of voices from the movie, cut and pasted with pictures and text from the bulletin board, as well as the "KOBAYASHI" manufacturer's logo printed on the bottom of Kujan's coffee cup. The surviving Hungarian, severely burned and in hospital, describes to a sketch artist a man he saw during the attack that he believes is Keyser S�ze: none other than Verbal Kint. Kujan realizes the truth too late, as Verbal has already walked out on bail, his limp suddenly gone. He uses a gold cigarette lighter similar to one S�ze was seen carrying at the beginning of the film to light a cigarette with a steady hand and climbs into a car driven by the character we used to know as Kobayashi. As they drive away, Kujan desperately looks around the crowded streets for Verbal, having realized too late. Since almost everything Roger "Verbal" Kint told during his interrogation is unreliable, Kint may be S�ze or he could be S�ze's agent or that Keyser S�ze never existed, being a legend modified by Kint to deceive Kujan. In popular culture Since the release of the film, the name Keyser S�ze has gained two popular uses in Western culture: the first is as a description of a legend, usually of underworld crime, which is a result of the character's Satanic presence in The Usual Suspects. For example, in the video game Max Payne, the titular character refers to Rico Muerte as "a regular Keyser S�ze." In the video game Warcraft_III, "KeyserSoze" is a cheat code that gives you a desired amount of gold. The second use of the name in popular culture is a shorthand reference to being fooled, by an actual villain, into believing in a villain who does not exist. This use of the name is owed to the film's twist ending. One such reference can be found in "The Puppet Show," an episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, where upon discovering the disappearance of a possessed dummy that had convinced the heroes it was on their side, Xander Harris asks, "Does anyone else feel like they've been Keyser S�zed?" In his 1999 review of Fight Club, film critic Roger Ebert commented, "A lot of recent films seem unsatisfied unless they can add final scenes that redefine the reality of everything that has gone before; call it the Keyser S�ze syndrome." (IMG: http://images.wikia.com/characters/images/3/35/Norman-bates.gif ) (6 of 16 lists - 70 points - highest ranking #2 BigEdWalsh) Norman Bates is a fictional character created by writer Robert Bloch as the central character in his novel Psycho, and portrayed by Anthony Perkins as the main antagonist of the 1960 film of the same name directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The character was inspired by serial killer Ed Gein. Fictional character biography Both the novel and Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film adaptation explain that Bates suffers severe emotional abuse as a child at the hands of his mother, Norma, who preaches to him that sexual intercourse is sinful and that all women (except herself) are whores. The two of them live alone together in a state of total codependence after the death of Bates' father until Bates reaches adolescence, when his mother takes a lover, Joe Considine. Driven over the edge with jealousy, Bates murders both of them with strychnine. After committing the murders, Bates develops dissociative identity disorder, preserving his mother's corpse and assuming her personality to repress her death and escape the guilt of murdering her. He inherits his mother's house � where he keeps her corpse � and the family motel in fictional Fairvale, California. Bloch sums up Bates' multiple personalities in his stylistic form of puns: "Norman", a child dependent on his mother; "Norma", a possessive mother who kills anyone who threatens the illusion of her existence; and "Normal", a (barely) functional adult who goes through the motions of day-to-day life. Bates is finally arrested after he murders a young woman named Mary Crane (called Marion in the film) and Milton Arbogast, a private investigator sent to look for her. Bates is declared insane and sent to an institution, where the "mother" personality completely takes hold; he becomes his mother. In Bloch's 1982 sequel to his novel, Bates escapes from the psychiatric hospital by killing a nun and donning her habit. Picked up as a hitchhiker, Bates is overcome by the driver of the car as he tries to attack him with a tire iron. This in turn causes a fiery accident where the driver escapes, but Bates dies. Bates's psychiatrist, Dr. Adam Claiborne, discovers Bates' body and assumes his personality. In the next book, Psycho House, Norman appears only as a novelty animatronic on display in the Bates Hotel, which has been converted into a tourist attraction. Film sequels In the sequel to the original film, Bates is released from the institution 22 years after his arrest, seemingly cured, and he meets Mary Loomis � Marion Crane's niece � with whom he falls in love. However, a series of mysterious murders occurs, as well as strange appearances and messages from "Mother", and Bates slowly loses his grip on sanity. The mysterious appearances and messages turn out to be a plot by Lila Loomis, Marion's vengeful sister, to drive him insane again in order to get him recommitted. The actual murders turn out to be the work of his aunt � Norma's sister, Emma Spool � who shares the family's history of mental illness and claims to be Norman's real mother. Before Bates discovers this, however, Mary Loomis is shot dead by the police during a confrontation with Bates, and Spool murders Lila. When Spool tells Bates that she is his mother, he kills her and embalms her body while assuming the "Mother" personality once again. In the third film, Bates continues to struggle, unsuccessfully, against "Mother"'s dominion. He also finds another love interest named Maureen Coyle, who eventually dies at "Mother"'s hand. In the film Mrs. Spool's body is first discovered by sleazy musician Duane Duke, whom Bates kills when Duke tries to use the discovery to blackmail Bates. Tracy Venable, a reporter interested in Bates' case, finds out the truth about Spool. "Mother" orders Bates to kill Venable, but in the end he attacks "Mother"'s corpse violently, attempting to break free of her control, as well as getting revenge at "Mother" for killing Maureen. He is again institutionalized. During the last few minutes of the movie, Venable tells Bates that Emma Spool was his aunt, not his mother, and had killed his father. Apparently, she had fallen for Bates' father and, when Norma Bates had given birth to Norman, kidnapped the child, believing he was her son. Norman is then sent back to the institution. The final sequel, however, supplies that Bates' father was stung to death by bees, effectively retconning the revelations of Psycho III. In this film, Bates had been released from the institution, and is married to one of the hospital's nurses. When his wife becomes pregnant, however, he lures her to his mother's house and tries to kill her; he wants to prevent another of his "cursed" line from being born into the world. (The film implies that Bates' mother suffered from schizophrenia and passed the illness on to him.) He relents at the last minute, however, when his wife professes her love for him. He then burns the house down in an attempt to free himself of his past. During the attempt, he is tormented by hallucinations of "Mother" and several of his victims; he almost dies in the flames before willing himself to get out, apparently defeating his illness at long last. In the pilot episode of the failed TV series Bates Motel, Bates is never released from the institution after his first incarceration. He befriends Alex West, a fellow inmate who had murdered his stepfather, and wills ownership of the titular motel to him before dying of old age. Characterization The character Norman Bates in Psycho was loosely based on two people. First was the real-life serial killer Ed Gein, about whom Bloch later wrote a fictionalised account, "The Shambles of Ed Gein", in 1962. (The story can be found in Crimes and Punishments: The Lost Bloch, Volume 3). Second, it has been indicated by several people including Noel Carter (wife of Lin Carter) and Chris Steinbrunner, as well as allegedly by Bloch himself, that Norman Bates was partly based on Calvin Beck, publisher of Castle of Frankenstein. The characterization of Bates in the novel and the movie differ in some key areas. In the novel, Bates is in his mid-to-late 40s, short, overweight, homely, and more overtly unstable. In the movie, he is in his early-to-mid-20s, tall, slender, and handsome. Reportedly, when working on the film, Hitchcock decided that he wanted audiences to be able to sympathize with Bates and genuinely like the character, so he made him more of a "boy next door." In the novel, Norman becomes Mother after getting drunk and passing out; in the movie, he remains sober before switching personalities. In the novel, Bates is well-read in occult and esoteric authors such as P.D. Ouspensky and Aleister Crowley. He is aware that "Mother" disapproves of these authors as being against religion. Portrayals Bates was portrayed by Anthony Perkins in Hitchcock's seminal 1960 film adaptation of Bloch's novel and its three sequels. He also portrayed Norman Bates, albeit more lightheartedly, in a 1990 oatmeal commercial. Vince Vaughn portrayed Bates in Gus Van Sant's 1998 remake, while Kurt Paul took on the role in Bates Motel. Henry Thomas played a younger version of the character in Psycho IV: The Beginning. Comic books Norman appears in the 1992 three-issue comic book adaptation of the first Psycho film released by Innovation Publishing. Despite being a colorized adaptation of the Hitchcock film, the version of Norman present in the comics resembles the one from Bloch's original novel: an older, overweight, balding man. Comic artist Felipe Echevarria has explained that this was due to Perkins' refusal to allow his likeness to be replicated for the books, wanting to disassociate himself with Norman Bates. Reception Norman Bates is ranked as the second greatest villain on the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 film heroes and villains, behind Hannibal Lecter and before Darth Vader. His line "A boy's best friend is his mother" also ranks as number 56 on the institute's list of the 100 greatest movie quotes. In 2008, Norman Bates was selected by Empire Magazine as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters. Bates also ranked number 4 on Premiere Magazine's list of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time.   (IMG: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Freddy_Krueger.JPG/250px-Freddy_Krueger.JPG ) (5 of 16 lists - 74 points - highest ranking #6 GoSox05) Frederick Charles "Freddy" Krueger is a fictional, horrifying character from the Nightmare on Elm Street series of horror films. He first appears in Wes Craven's A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) as a disfigured dream stalker who uses a glove armed with razors to kill his victims in their dreams, ultimately causing their deaths in the waking world as well. However, whenever he is put into the real world, he has normal human vulnerability. He was created by Wes Craven, and had been consistently portrayed by Robert Englund since his first appearance. In the 2010 remake, however, Freddy is portrayed by Academy Award-nominee Jackie Earle Haley. Freddy is a vengeful spirit who attacks his victims from within their dreams. He is commonly identified by his burned, disfigured face, red and dark green striped sweater, brown fedora, and trademark metal-clawed brown leather glove on his right hand. Wizard magazine rated him the 14th greatest villain, the British television channel Sky2 listed him 8th, and the American Film Institute ranked him 40th on its "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains" list. Appearances Freddy is a child killer in a Nightmare on Elm Street, which revealed that he was set on fire, resulting in his infamous burns. The character was brought back in Wes Craven's New Nightmare by Wes Craven, who had not worked on the film series since the third film. The silver screen is not the only place Krueger has appeared; there are literary sources that have expanded the universe of Freddy, as well as adapted the films and adjusted various aspects of Freddy's backstory. The character has also hosted his own television show, Freddy's Nightmares, which was an anthology series similar to The Twilight Zone. Freddy also made several guest appearances on the syndicated puppet show DC Follies in 1988. In 2003, Freddy battled fellow horror icon Jason Voorhees from the Friday the 13th film series in the theatrical release Freddy vs. Jason, a film which officially resurrected both characters from their respective deaths and subsequently being sent to Hell in their respective 'last films'. The ending of the film is left ambiguous as to whether or not Freddy is actually dead, for despite being decapitated, he winks at the viewers. (A sequel featuring Ash from The Evil Dead franchise was planned, but never materialized on-screen. It was later turned into comic book form in Dynamite Entertainment's Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash). Films Freddy's first appearance was in A Nightmare on Elm Street. The story focused on Freddy trying to kill Nancy Thompson and her friends in their dreams, successfully killing all but Nancy. Krueger’s back-story is revealed by Nancy’s mother, who explains he was a child murderer whom the parents of Springwood killed after Krueger was acquitted of police charges on a technicality (he was discovered torturing a child by a police officer who entered his house after hearing the child's screams, but since the officer didn't have a valid warrant to enter the house all evidence was inadmissible in court). Nancy defeats Krueger by pulling him from the dream world into the real world, and setting up a series of booby traps, finally stripping him of his powers when she stops being afraid of him. Krueger returned in the sequel, A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge terrorizing the Walsh family, who had moved into Nancy’s old home. Krueger possesses the body of Jesse Walsh (Mark Patton), using his body to kill through his dreams. Jesse is saved by his girlfriend Lisa (Kim Myers), who helps Jesse fight Krueger's spirit. Wes Craven returned to give Krueger life for a third time in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors. In the second sequel, Krueger is systematically killing the last of the Elm Street children. The few remaining children have been placed in the Westin Hills Psychiatric Hospital, for attempted suicide. Nancy Thompson arrives at Westin Hills as a new intern, and realizes the children are being killed by Krueger. With the help of Dr. Neil Gordon (Craig Wasson), Nancy helps Kristen (Patricia Arquette), Joey (Rodney Eastman), Taryn (Jennifer Rubin), Kincaid (Ken Sagoes), and Will find their dream powers, so they can kill Krueger once and for all. Neil meets the spirit of Krueger’s mother, Amanda Krueger (Nan Martin), who instructs him to bury Krueger’s remains in hallowed ground in order to stop him for good; however, he is unaware of her connection to Freddy until the end of the film. Neil completes his task, but not before Freddy kills Nancy. The character’s fourth appearance in film came with A Nightmare on Elm Street 4: The Dream Master. This time, Kristen (Tuesday Knight) unwittingly releases Krueger, who immediately kills Kincaid and Joey. Before Kristen is killed she transfers her dream power to pull others into her dreams to her friend Alice (Lisa Wilcox), who begins inadvertently providing victims for Krueger. Alice, who has taken on the traits of the friends who were murdered, confronts Krueger and uses her power as the Dream Master to release all the souls Krueger has taken; they subsequently rip themselves from Krueger’s body, killing him in the process. A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child picks up shortly after the events of The Dream Master. It involves Krueger using Alice’s unborn child, Jacob (Whitby Hertford), to resurrect himself and find new victims, as Jacob has the same power as his mother. The spirit of Amanda Krueger (Beatrice Boepple) returns, revealing that Krueger was conceived when she, a nun working in a mental asylum, was accidentally locked in a room and raped hundreds of times. Alice is able to convince Jacob to use the powers he was given by Krueger against him, which gives Amanda Krueger the chance to subdue Krueger long enough for Alice and Jacob to escape the dream world. Freddy made his sixth appearance in Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare. The film reveals that Krueger has a daughter, Kathryn (Cassandra Rachel Friel), who was taken away from him during his trial. Krueger sends the sole surviving teenager of Springwood to bring his daughter back to him. Krueger needs Kathryn (now named Maggie Burroughs) (Lisa Zane), who is unaware that she is his daughter, so that he can leave Springwood and create new "Elm Streets" to begin his killing spree again. Maggie, utilizing new dream techniques, uncovers Krueger’s past—child abuse, cruelty to animals, murdering his own wife, the moment the Dream Demons prior to his death at the hands of the Springwood parents. She uses a pipe bomb, embedded in his chest, to blow him up, leaving the Dream Demons unable to resurrect him in reality. Freddy's clawed hand appears at the end of the film Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday, the ninth installment of the Friday the 13th film series. His hand is seen bursting from the ground to drag Jason Voorhees' iconic hockey mask into Hell. This would kill his victims. Wes Craven's New Nightmare focuses on a real life setting, where Craven, Langenkamp, and Englund all play themselves, and where the character of Freddy Krueger is an evil entity that has been trapped in the realm of fiction by all the Nightmare films. When the films are stopped, the entity, which enjoys the form of Freddy Krueger, tries to escape into the real world. The only person in its way is Heather Langenkamp, whom the entity sees as "Nancy", the first person who defeated him. Langenkamp pursues "Freddy", who has kidnapped her son (Miko Hughes), into the dream world. There, she and her son trap Freddy in a furnace where he is finally destroyed. "Jackie is not big, and I think that Jackie’s size is gonna really work [...] One of the metaphors [...] I’ve used for Freddy is a little rabid dog that just bites your ankle and holds on. [...] And I think Jackie brings that, with his own physicality, to the role, without ever having to work it a little bit. [...] He brings that naturally with who he is, which I think is really part of the way I see it." — Robert Englund on Jackie Earle Haley as Freddy Krueger. Freddy's next appearance was in Freddy vs. Jason in which Freddy battles Friday the 13th's villain Jason Voorhees (Ken Kirzinger), an undead mass murderer who uses a hockey mask to hide his facial deformities. In the film, Krueger has grown weak, as people in Springwood have suppressed their fear of him. Impersonating Pamela Voorhees, the mother of Jason Voorhees, Krueger resurrects Jason and sends him to Springwood to cause panic and fear. Jason accomplishes this, but refuses to stop killing. A battle ensues in both the dream-world and Crystal Lake. The winner is left ambiguous, as Jason surfaces from the lake holding Krueger's severed head, which winks and laughs.� Freddy appears in a 2010 remake of the original film, with Jackie Earle Haley taking over the role in Robert Englund's stead. In this film instead of a power plant worker and a child murderer, Krueger was the groundskeeper at Badham Preschool and a child molester (a recycled idea that was abandoned by director Craven himself while making the 1984 original). In this version, he has a more personal connection with the protagonist Nancy Holbrook (Rooney Mara); in life, he molested her and some of her friends, and thought of her as his "favorite". Though Freddy initially appears to have been wrongly accused, the parents, after observing slashes on their skin and clothes consistent with his trademark glove, burn him to death rather than turn him into the police to spare their children the trauma of having to testify against him in open court. During the climax, Nancy pulls Freddy into reality and apparently kills him by severing his gloved-hand and slashing his throat with a broken paper cutter blade, only to have him reappear and drag her mother into the mirror to some unseen horror. Television Robert Englund continued his role as Freddy Krueger on October 9, 1988 in the television anthology series entitled Freddy's Nightmares. The show was hosted by Freddy, who did not take direct part in most of the episodes, but he did show up occasionally to influence the plot of particular episodes. Further, a consistent theme in each episode was characters having disturbing dreams. The series ran for two seasons, 44 episodes, ending March 10, 1990. Although most of the episodes did not feature Freddy taking a major role in the plot, the pilot episode "No More Mr. Nice Guy" depicts the events of Krueger's trial, and his subsequent death at the hands of the parents of Elm Street after his acquittal. In "No More Mr. Nice Guy", Freddy's acquittal is based on the arresting officer, Lt. Tim Blocker, not reading him his Miranda rights, which is different from the original Nightmare that stated he was acquitted because someone forgot to sign a search warrant in the right place. The episode also reveals that Krueger used an ice cream van to lure children close enough so that he could kidnap and kill them. After the town's parents burn Freddy to death he returns to haunt Blocker in his dreams. Freddy gets his revenge when Blocker is put to sleep at the dentist's office, and Freddy shows up and kills him. The episode "Sister's Keeper" was a "sequel" to this episode, even though it was the seventh episode of the series. The episode follows Krueger as he terrorizes the Blocker twins, the identical twin daughters of Lt. Tim Blocker, and frames one sister for the other's murder. Season two's "It's My Party And You'll Die If I Want You To" featured Freddy attacking a high school prom date who stood him up twenty years earlier. He got his revenge with his desire being fulfilled in the process. Video games Freddy Krueger's first video game appearance was in the Nintendo's 1989 game A Nightmare on Elm Street. Freddy Krueger later appeared as an extra downloadable character for Mortal Kombat in 2011. His design is not based on either actors (Jackie Earle Haley or Robert Englund); according to creator Ed Boon, "When I look at him, I think of the original Freddy: he’s got the striped sweater and is instantly recognizable. He’s Freddy in general, we don’t really identify him as one version or another". Freddy is featured with two claws. Characterization In New Nightmare, Freddy was depicted closer to how Wes Craven had originally intended, less comical and with more of an "organic" style to his claw. Wes Craven says his inspiration for the basis of Krueger's power stemmed from several stories in the Los Angeles Times about a series of mysterious deaths: All the victims had reported recurring nightmares beforehand about a man named Mr. K., thus the name Fred Krueger, and died in their sleep. Additionally, Craven's original script detailed Krueger as a child molester, which Craven said was the "worst thing" he could think of (this idea was later recycled for the character's background in the 2010 remake). The decision was made to instead make Krueger a child murderer in order to avoid being accused of exploiting the spate of highly publicized child molestation cases in California around the time A Nightmare on Elm Street went into production. Craven's inspirations for the character included a bully from his school during his youth, a homeless man who had frightened him when he was eleven, and the 1970s pop song "Dream Weaver" by Gary Wright. In an interview, he says that (after hearing some noise): "When I looked down there was a man very much like Freddy walking along the sidewalk. He must have sensed that someone was looking at him and stopped and looked right into my face. He scared the living daylights out of me, so I jumped back into the shadows. I waited and waited to hear him walk away. Finally I thought he must have gone, so I stepped back to the window. The guy was not only still looking at me but he thrust his head forward as if to say, 'Yes, I'm still looking at you.' The man walked towards the apartment building's entrance. I ran through the apartment to our front door as he was walking into our building on the lower floor. I heard him starting up the stairs. My brother, who is ten years older than me, got a baseball bat and went out to the corridor but he was gone." In Wes Craven's New Nightmare, Freddy was more a symbol of something more powerful and ancient, and was given more stature and muscles. Unlike the six movies before it, New Nightmare shows Freddy as closer to what Wes Craven originally intended, toning down his comedic side while strengthening the more menacing aspects of his character. Throughout the series, Freddy's potential victims often experience dreams of young children, jumping rope and chanting a rhyme to the tune of "One, Two, Buckle My Shoe" with the lyrics changed to "One, Two, Freddy's coming for you", often as an omen to Freddy's presence or a precursor to his attacks. Appearance Freddy Krueger's physical appearance has remained largely consistent throughout the film series, although minor changes were made in subsequent films. He wears a striped red and green sweater (with solid red sleeves in the original film, and red-and-green striped sleeves from the second film onwards), a dark brown fedora, his bladed glove (see below), loose brown trousers (blue jeans in the original film), and worn working boots, keeping with his blue collar background. His skin is scarred and burned as a result of being burned alive by the parents of Springwood, and he has no hair at all on his head as it was presumably all burned off; in the original film, only Freddy's face was burned, while they have spread to the rest of his body from the second film onwards. Additionally, his teeth are in rather poor shape; in the first three films, they are simply filthy and brown, but from the fourth film onwards, he is missing a lot of them, and in Freddy vs Jason his teeth are razor sharp to make him have a more monster-like appearance. His blood is occasionally a dark, oily color, or greenish in hue when he is in the Dreamworld. In the original film, Freddy remains in the shadows and under lower light much longer than he does in the later pictures. In the second film, there are some scenes where Freddy is shown without his glove, and instead with the blades protruding from the tips of his fingers. As the films began to emphasize the comedic, wise cracking aspect of the character, he began to don various costumes and take on other forms, such as dressing as a waiter or wearing a Superman inspired version of his sweater with a cape (The Dream Child), appearing as a video game sprite (Freddy's Dead), a giant snake like creature (Dream Warriors), and a pot smoking caterpillar (Freddy vs. Jason). In New Nightmare, Freddy's appearance is updated considerably, giving him a green fedora that matched his sweater stripes, skintight leather pants, knee-high black boots, a turtleneck version of his trademark sweater, a dark blue trench coat, and a fifth claw on his glove, which also has a far more organic appearance (see above). Freddy also has fewer burns on his face, though these are more severe, with his muscle tissue exposed in numerous places. In the remake, Freddy retains his iconic attire, but his burns are even more disfiguring than his 1984 counterpart, with misshapen facial features and portions of his face missing, including a sizable portion of flesh on his left cheek. Compared to his other incarnations, this Freddy's injuries are more like those of an actual burn victim. Glove Wes Craven claims that part of the inspiration for Freddy's infamous glove was from his cat, as he watched it claw the side of his couch one night. In an interview he said, "Part of it was an objective goal to make the character memorable, since it seems that every character that has been successful has had some kind of unique weapon, whether it be a chain saw or a machete, etc. I was also looking for a primal fear which is embedded in the subconscious of people of all cultures. One of those is the fear of teeth being broken, which I used in my first film. Another is the claw of an animal, like a saber-toothed tiger reaching with its tremendous hooks. I transposed this into a human hand. The original script had the blades being fishing knives." When Jim Doyle, the creator of Freddy's claw, asked Craven what he wanted, Craven responded, "It's kind of like really long fingernails, I want the glove to look like something that someone could make who has the skills of a boilermaker." Doyle explained, "Then we hunted around for knives. We picked out this bizarre-looking steak knife, we thought that this looked really cool, we thought it would look even cooler if we turned it over and used it upside down, we had to remove the back edge and put another edge on it, because we were actually using the knife upside down." Later Doyle had three duplicates of the glove made, two of which were used as stunt gloves in long shots. For New Nightmare, Lou Carlucci, the effects coordinator, remodeled Freddy's glove for a more "organic look." He says, "I did the original glove on the first Nightmare and we deliberately made that rough and primitive looking, like something that would be constructed in somebody's home workshop. Since this is supposed to be a new look for Freddy, Wes and everybody involved decided that the glove should be different. This hand has more muscle and bone texture to it, the blades are shinier and in one case, are retractable. Everything about this glove has a much cleaner look to it, it's more a natural part of his hand than a glove." The new glove has five claws. In the 2010 remake, the glove maintains its original look, but is metal brown and has four finger bars. Freddy's glove has appeared in the 1987 horror-comedy Evil Dead II: Dead by Dawn above the door on the inside of a toolshed. This was Sam Raimi's response to Wes Craven showing footage of The Evil Dead in A Nightmare on Elm Street, which in turn was a response to Sam Raimi putting a poster of Craven's 1977 film The Hills Have Eyes in The Evil Dead. The glove also appears in the 1998 horror-comedy Bride of Chucky in an evidence locker room that also contains the remains of the film's villain Chucky, the chainsaw of Leatherface from The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, and the masks of Michael Myers from Halloween and Jason Voorhees from Friday the 13th. At the end of the movie Jason Goes To Hell, the title character's mask is dragged under the earth by Freddy's gloved hand, thus setting up Freddy vs. Jason, played by Kane Hodder. Cultural references References to Freddy have occurred on three of The Simpsons' non-canon Treehouse of Horror episodes. These include "Treehouse of Horror VI": In a Nightmare on Elm Street parody, Groundskeeper Willie has become Krueger; "Treehouse of Horror IX": during the couch gag, Freddy and Jason sit on the couch wondering where the family is (Robert Englund supplying the voice), and "Treehouse of Horror V": after Homer makes a pact with Moe (now a ghost) he attempts to kill the family and Marge locks him in a pantry where an un-happy Moe and his ghoul friends come in and attack him, among the group was Freddy, Jason and Pinhead. Freddy's glove has also been featured in the episode, Cape Feare, in which a paranoid Bart is frightened by Ned Flanders as he leaps out at him brandishing his new "finger razors" for trimming his hedge. In The Critic, Jay's girlfriend Alice is taking her daughter Penny to "Elm Street Preschool" (A moved tree branch revealed it was actually "A Nightmare on Elm Street Preschool") After saying she did not want to nap the director turns into Freddy Krueger and says that she will nap or be swallowed by the worm from hell. The worm then shows up, after leaving he says "It was the worm from hell wasn't it. He's not that bad once you get to know him." Other references include an episode of Tiny Toons Adventures, Plucky Duck is seen watching a horror movie containing the villain "Eddie Cougar". Cougar then recites the line "how sweet, fresh meat" as heard in The Dream Master. In the end of Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday, Freddy sets up Freddy vs. Jason (released a decade later) by grabbing Jason's mask and dragging it underground to hell laughing manically, where Freddy currently is (portrayed by Kane Hodder, who had also portrayed Jason in the film). In the South Park episode "Imaginationland Episode II", he is seen with a group of evil imaginary characters, with each one claiming to be the most evil imaginary character of them all. Also, in the South Park episode "Insheeption", Freddy, who is shown as now being retired and living with a wife and kids in a log cabin deep in the woods, is persuaded to infiltrate Mr. Mackey's dream in order to rescue Stan, Randy, and several other people who are trapped inside the dream from a sinister man in an owl costume who molested Mackey as a child. In episode 70 of Robot Chicken, Freddy (voiced by Seth Green) appears alongside Jason Voorhees, Michael Myers, Ghostface, Pinhead, and Leatherface in the Big Brother show, where his sweater is shrunk by Ghostface, and he is later stabbed by Michael, which doesn't damage him but annoys him. In the Family Guy episode "The Splendid Source", Quagmire gives Freddy a joke to tell Peter in his dreams. Peter wakes up and paraphrases the line If you die in your dreams, you die for real from the 2010 remake. In another Robot Chicken episode, it is shown that Freddy made the claw glove to scratch an itchy sweater his daughter bought for him. His daughter later gives him a fedora, prompting her father to destroy the school bazaar where she got them. The adults mistake him as a child abuser, and attack him in an angry mob fashion. He is then consoled by spirits saying he can get out of it if he becomes a killer. He says yes but soon realizes he isn't able to take the sweater off. He sighs and states "well, at least I have my complexion" before a fire engulfs him and the school (a clear spoof of his origin). In an episode of The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, Will scares Carlton dressed up as Freddy while in the back seat of a car, a game show from CBS in 2005 that ended up never airing called A Nightmare on Elm Street: Real Nightmares. As Robert Englund hosts, he makes contestants come face to face with their nightmares in an attempt to help them overcome their fears. In the Supernatural episode "Dream a Little Dream of Me", a killer is using dream root to invade people's dreams and kill them. Sam states "You take enough of it (dream root), with enough practice, you can become a regular Freddy Krueger". A comic magazine story featuring Mickey Mouse written by Carol Mcreal centers around one of Mickey's foes, who breaks into his dreams as a figure called "Teddy Sluger". "Teddy Sluger" closely resembles Freddy, but has claws on both hands. Krueger is also a musical topic. Eminem has mentioned Freddy numerous times in many of his songs such as, "Insane", "Underground" in which he says "Walked up Elm Street with a wiffle bat drew, fought Freddy Krueger and Edward Scissorhands too". For example, In 1985, "Freddy Krueger" by Stormtroopers of Death, 1988, "Freddy Krueger" on the album Kneipenterroristen by B�hse Onkelz, 1988, "Are You Ready for Freddy" by The Fat Boys (the video actually features Robert Englund dressed up like Freddy chasing the band around in his house), "Nightmare on My Street" by D.J. Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, and an entire 1987 album, Freddy's Greatest Hits, by The Elm Street Group, where Freddy (voiced by Robert Englund) sings along on original songs like "Don't Sleep", "Obsession", "Dance Or Else" and "Down In The Boiler Room" as well as cover songs "Do The Freddy", "All I Have To Do Is Dream", "In The Midnight Hour" and "Wooly Bully". Freddy Krueger is also mentioned in a loose cameo in "Weird Al" Yankovich's parody, "The Night Santa went Crazy," which mentions that Santa killed Dasher the Reindeer by cutting him up "just like Freddy Krueger." The music video sports a shot of santa armed with Freddy's glove. In an episode of Everybody Hates Chris, Malvo is dressed as Freddy Krueger in Chris' dream after threatening Chris. (IMG: http://www.tuckborough.net/images/eyeofsauron.jpg ) (IMG: http://images.wikia.com/lotr/images/7/70/The_Dark_Lord_Sauron.jpg ) (4 of 16 lists - 75 points - highest ranking #3 balta1701) Sauron (pronounced /ˈsaʊrɒn/) is the primary antagonist and titular character of the epic fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. In the same work, he is revealed to be the same character as "the Necromancer" from Tolkien's earlier novel The Hobbit. In Tolkien's The Silmarillion (published posthumously by Tolkien's son Christopher Tolkien), he is also revealed to have been the chief lieutenant of the first Dark Lord, Morgoth. Tolkien noted that the "angelic" powers of his constructed myth "were capable of many degrees of error and failing", but by far the worst was "the absolute Satanic rebellion and evil of Morgoth and his satellite Sauron." Biography[edit] Before Creation of the WorldThe cosmological myth prefixed to The Silmarillion explains how the supreme being Eru initiated his creation by bringing into being innumerable spirits, "the offspring of his thought," who were with him before anything else had been made. The being later known as Sauron thus originated as an "immortal (angelic) spirit." In his origin, Sauron therefore perceived the Creator directly. As Tolkien noted: "Sauron could not, of course, be a 'sincere' atheist. Though one of the minor spirits created before the world, he knew Eru, according to his measure." In the terminology of Tolkien's invented language of Quenya, these angelic spirits were called Ainur (sg. Ainu). Those who entered the physical world were called Valar (sg. Vala), especially the most powerful ones. The lesser beings of the same race, of whom Sauron was one, were called Maiar (sg. Maia). In Tolkien's letters, the author noted that Sauron "was of course a 'divine' person (in the terms of this mythology; a lesser member of the race of Valar)". Though less mighty than the chief Valar, he was more powerful than many of his fellow Maiar; Tolkien noted that he was of a "far higher order" than the Maiar who later came to Middle-earth as the Wizards Gandalf and Saruman. As created by Eru, the Ainur were all good and uncorrupt, as Elrond stated in The Lord of the Rings: "Nothing is evil in the beginning. Even Sauron was not so." Rebellion originated with the Vala Melkor (Morgoth). According to a story meant as a parable of events beyond Elvish comprehension, Eru let his spirit-children perform a great Music, the Music of the Ainur (Ainulindal�), developing a theme revealed by Eru himself. For a while the cosmic choir made wondrous music, but then Melkor tried to increase his own glory by weaving into his song thoughts and ideas that were not in accordance with the original theme. "Straightway discord arose around him, and many that sang nigh him grew despondent ... but some began to attune their music to his rather than to the thought which they had at first." The discord Melkor created would have dire consequences, as this singing was a kind of template for the world: "The evils of the world were not at first in the great Theme, but entered with the discords of Melkor." However, "Sauron was not a beginner of discord; and he probably knew more of the Music than did Melkor, whose mind had always been filled with his own plans and devices." Apparently Sauron was not even one of the spirits that immediately began to attune their music to that of Melkor, since it is elsewhere noted that his fall occurred later (see below). The cosmic Music now represented the conflict between good and evil. Finally, Eru abruptly brought the Song of Creation to an end. To show the spirits, faithful or otherwise, what they had done, Eru gave independent being to the now-marred Music. This resulted in the manifestation of the material World, E�, where the drama of good and evil would play out and be resolved. Eru allowed the spirits who so wished to enter into the new world of E� and follow its history from inside. Many did so, Sauron among them. By granting free will to enter into E�, Eru allowed great evil, as well as great good. First Age Entering E� at the beginning of time, the Valar and Maiar tried to build and organise the world according to the will of Eru. Each of the Maia spirits was associated with one of the powerful Valar whom they served; for example, Oss� and Uinen, who were spirits of the sea, served Ulmo, the lord of the oceans. Sauron was prominent among the Maiar who served Aul� the Smith, the great craftsman of the Valar. As a result, Sauron came to possess great knowledge of the physical substances of the world, forging, and all manner of craftsmanship � emerging as "a great craftsman of the household of Aul�". Sauron would always retain the "scientific" knowledge he derived from the great Vala of Craft: "In his beginning he was of the Maiar of Aul�, and he remained mighty in the lore of that people." Sauron's original name was Mairon (the Admirable), but this name was changed to Sauron after he joined Melkor. However, during the First Age Sauron continued to call himself Mairon. Sauron's Fall Melkor opposed the other Valar, who remained faithful to Eru and tried to carry out the Creator's designs. Around this time, Sauron fell victim to Melkor's corrupting influence: "In the beginning of Arda Melkor seduced him to his allegiance." As for Sauron's motives, Tolkien noted that "it had been his virtue (and therefore also the cause of his fall ...) that he loved order and coordination, and disliked all confusion and wasteful friction." Thus "it was the apparent will and power of Melkor to effect his designs quickly and masterfully that had first attracted Sauron to him." This shows one of the great paradoxes of Sauron: he wanted order and industry, but followed Melkor's destructive and chaotic path to obtain it. For a while, Sauron apparently kept up the pretence that he was a faithful servant of the Valar, all the while feeding Melkor information about their doings. Thus, when the Valar made Almaren as their first physical abode in the world, "Melkor knew of all that was done; for even then he had secret friends and spies among the Maiar whom he had converted to his cause, and of these the chief, as after became known, was Sauron." Melkor soon destroyed Almaren, and the Valar established a new abode in the Uttermost West: the Blessed Realm of Valinor. They still did not perceive Sauron's treachery, for he too became "a being of Valinor". At some point, Sauron left the Blessed Realm and went to Middle-earth. In one text, Tolkien wrote of Sauron that "in Valinor he had dwelt among the people of the gods, but there Morgoth had drawn him to evil and to his service". Sauron deserted his service to the Valar and openly joined their great enemy: "Because of his admiration of Strength he had become a follower of Morgoth and fell with him down into the depths of evil." The Lieutenant of Melkor After joining his new master in Middle-earth, Sauron proved to be a devoted and capable servant: "While Morgoth still stood, Sauron did not seek his own supremacy, but worked and schemed for another, desiring the triumph of Melkor, whom in the beginning he had adored. He thus was often able to achieve things, first conceived by Melkor, which his master did not or could not complete in the furious haste of his malice." "In all the deeds of Melkor the Morgoth upon Arda, in his vast works and in the deceits of his cunning, Sauron had a part." In chapter 3 of The Silmarillion, Tolkien writes that by the time the Elves awoke in the world, Sauron had become Melkor's lieutenant and was given command over the newly-built stronghold of Angband. To protect the Elves, the Valar made war on Melkor and captured him, but could not find Sauron. Thus, "when Melkor was made captive, Sauron escaped and lay hid in Middle-earth; and it can in this way be understood how the breeding of the Orcs (no doubt already begun) went on with increasing speed." In the Blessed Realm, Melkor feigned reform, but eventually escaped back to Middle-earth, holding the Silmarils of F�anor. By then, Sauron had "secretly repaired Angband for the help of his Master when he returned; and there the dark places underground were already manned with hosts of the Orcs before Melkor came back at last, as Morgoth the Black Enemy." Shortly after the return of Morgoth, the Noldorin Elves also left the Blessed Realm of Valinor in the Uttermost West, against the counsel of the Valar, to wage war on Morgoth, who had stolen the Silmarils. In that war, Sauron served as Morgoth's chief lieutenant, surpassing all others in rank, such as Gothmog, the Lord of Balrogs. Known as Gorthaur the Cruel, Sauron was at that time a master of illusions and shapeshifting; werewolves and vampires were his servants, chief among them Draugluin, Father of Werewolves, and his vampire herald Thuringwethil. When Morgoth left Angband to corrupt the newly-created Men, Sauron directed the war against the Elves. He conquered the Elvish island of Tol Sirion, so that it became known as Tol-in-Gaurhoth, the Isle of Werewolves. Ten years later, Finrod Felagund, the king of Nargothrond and former lord of Tol Sirion, came there with Beren. He battled Sauron and was defeated (in part because of the curse of F�anor). Later, he died fighting a wolf in Sauron's dungeons to save Beren. Soon afterwards L�thien and Huan the Wolfhound arrived, hoping to rescue Beren. Aware of a prophecy to the effect that Huan would be killed by the greatest wolf ever, Sauron himself assumed a monstrous wolf-like form and attacked him. But the prophecy actually applied to the still-unborn Carcharoth, and Sauron could not prevail against Huan. Eventually, Huan had Sauron by the throat. L�thien gave Sauron two choices: either surrender to her the magical control he had established over Tol-in-Gaurhoth, or have his body destroyed so that his naked ghost would have to endure the scorn of Morgoth. Sauron yielded, and Huan let him go. He fled in the form of a huge vampiric bat, and L�thien rescued Beren from the dungeons. Afterward Sauron spent some time as a vampire in the woods of Taur-nu-Fuin. Following the voyage of E�rendil to the Blessed Realm, the Valar finally moved against Morgoth. In the resulting War of Wrath, the Dark Lord was defeated and cast into the Outer Void beyond the world. But "Sauron fled from the Great Battle and escaped." Chastened, Sauron assumed his most beautiful form and approached E�nw�, emissary of the Valar, who nevertheless could not pardon a Maia like himself. Through E�nw�, Manw� as Lord of the Valar "commanded Sauron to come before him for judgement, but [he] had left room for repentance and ultimate rehabilitation." Unwilling to bow before the Valar, Sauron escaped and hid in Middle-earth. Second Age About 500 years into the Second Age, Sauron reappeared. "Bereft of his lord...[he] fell into the folly of imitating him." "Very slowly, beginning with fair motives: the reorganizing and rehabilitation of Middle-earth, 'neglected by the gods,' he becomes a reincarnation of Evil, and a thing lusting for Complete Power," eventually rising to become "master and god of Men." As for Sauron's "fair motives", Tolkien emphasized that at this time he "was not indeed wholly evil, not unless all 'reformers' who want to hurry up with 'reconstruction' and 'reorganization' are wholly evil, even before pride and the lust to exert their will eat them up". "[T]hough the only real good in, or rational motive for, all this ordering and planning and organization was the good of all inhabitants of Arda (even admitting Sauron's right to be their supreme lord), his 'plans', the idea coming from his own isolated mind, became the sole object of his will, and an end, the End, in itself. ... [H]is capability of corrupting other minds, and even engaging their service, was a residue from the fact that his original desire for 'order' had really envisaged the good estate (especially physical well-being) of his 'subjects'." The Rings of Power As part of a plan to seduce the Elves into his service, Sauron assumed a beautiful appearance as Annatar, "Lord of Gifts," befriended the Elven-smiths of Eregion, led by Celebrimbor, and counselled them in arts and magic. Sauron hinted that he was an emissary of the Valar, specifically of Aul�, whom the Noldor in Exile held in high regard. Some of the Elves distrusted him, especially the Lady Galadriel and Gil-galad, the High King of the Noldor. The Elves in Eregion, however, did not heed their warnings. With Sauron's assistance, the Elven-smiths forged the Rings of Power, which conferred great power upon their bearers. He then secretly forged the One Ring in the volcanic Mount Doom in Mordor. This "One Ring to rule them all" had the power to dominate the other Rings and enslave their wearers to Sauron's will. The Rings of Power were extremely potent, however; to create an instrument that could dominate even them, Sauron was forced to transfer a great part of his native power into it. Yet "while he wore it, his power on earth was actually enhanced". Sauron's plan would have succeeded had the Elves not detected his influence when he put on the One Ring. It was then the Elves saw him for who he really was, removed their Rings, and did not use them for as long as Sauron retained the One Ring. Enraged, Sauron initiated a great war and conquered much of the land west of Anduin. This began the Dark Years. He overran Eregion, killed Celebrimbor, leader of the Elven-smiths, and seized the Seven and the Nine Rings of Power that had been previously forged with his assistance. The Three Rings, however, had been forged by Celebrimbor himself without Sauron's help. These rings were saved and remained in the hands of the Elves, specifically Gil-galad, C�rdan, and Galadriel. Sauron besieged Imladris, battled Moria and Lothl�rien, and pushed further into Gil-galad's realm. The Elves fought back, however, and with the aid of a powerful army from N�menor, they destroyed Sauron's army and drove the remnant back to Mordor. The N�men�reans were descended from the Three Houses of the Edain who helped the Elves in their war against Morgoth. They lived on the island of N�menor in the seas between Middle-earth and Valinor, a reward for their service from the Valar, and theirs was the most powerful kingdom of Men at this time. Resurgence from Mordor From this time on, Sauron became known as the Dark Lord of Mordor. He completed the Dark Tower of Barad-d�r, already centuries in the building, and distributed the remaining rings of the Seven and the Nine to lords of Dwarves and Men. Dwarves proved too resilient to bend to his will, but the Men were enslaved by Sauron as the Nazg�l, his most feared servants. Sauron regained control over most of the creatures that had served Morgoth in the First Age (such as Orcs and Trolls). Sauron also gained power over most of the Men in the East and the South, becoming their god-king. The second Dark Lord was now at the height of his power, having become "almost supreme in Middle-earth. � He rules a growing empire from the great dark tower of Barad-d�r in Mordor, near to the Mountain of fire, wielding the One Ring."[29] Toward the end of the Second Age, Sauron assumed the titles of Lord of the Earth and King of Men. Destruction of N�menor Toward the end of the Second Age, Ar-Pharaz�n, the last and most powerful of the N�men�rean kings, came to Middle-earth with a large army. Sauron, realizing he could not defeat the N�men�reans with military strength, surrendered. Clad in a beautiful incarnation, he came to Ar-Pharaz�n's camp to swear allegiance to the king, and allowed himself to be taken as a prisoner to N�menor. This was part of his plan to corrupt N�men�rean civilization from inside. "Sauron's personal 'surrender' was voluntary and cunning: he got free transport to N�menor." When Ar-Pharaz�n in his arrogance took Sauron hostage, he failed to realise with whom he was dealing: Sauron "was of course a 'divine' person ... and thus far too powerful to be controlled in this way. He steadily got Arpharaz�n's [sic] mind under his own control, and in the event corrupted many of the N�men�reans." The Akallab�th, the account of the history of N�menor, does not specifically mention the Ring. In his letters, however, Tolkien noted that Sauron "naturally had the One Ring, and so very soon dominated the minds and wills of most of the N�men�reans. " Through the power of the Ring, Sauron soon became an advisor of the king, and he used his influence to undermine the religion of N�menor. He represented Eru as an invention of the Valar that they used to justify their decrees, and substituted the worship of Melkor, with himself as high priest, for that of Eru. The worship of Melkor, with human sacrifice, became mandatory in N�menor. But there was seen the effect of Melkor upon Sauron: he spoke of Melkor in Melkor's own terms, as a god, or even as God. This may have been the residue of a state which was in a sense a shadow of good: the ability once in Sauron at least to admire or admit the superiority of a being other than himself. ... But it may be doubted whether even such a shadow of good was still sincerely operative in Sauron by that time. His cunning motive is probably best expressed thus. To wean one of the God-fearing from their allegiance it is best to propound another unseen object of allegiance and another hope of benefits; propound to him a Lord who will sanction what he desires and not forbid it. Sauron, apparently a defeated rival for world-power, now a mere hostage, can hardly propound himself; but as the former servant and disciple of Melkor, the worship of Melkor will raise him from hostage to high priest. In the end, Sauron prevailed upon Ar-Pharaz�n, fearful of his approaching death, to sail with a great armada upon Aman in order to seize immortality by force from the Valar. Sauron expected the Valar to respond by destroying Ar-Pharaz�n and his naval might, thus removing Sauron's greatest obstacle to domination of Middle-earth. But the Valar had no direct dominion over the Children of Eru, so in the face of this challenge they laid down their guardianship of the world and appealed to Eru for a solution. Eru's divine intervention did indeed destroy the king and his armada; but N�menor itself was swallowed by the sea, and the Blessed Realm was removed from the physical world. Sauron had not foreseen this, and his body was destroyed in the destruction. Having expended much energy in the corruption of N�menor, he was diminished,[33] and lost forever the ability to take a fair form. Yet his spirit rose out of the abyss, and he was able to carry with him the one thing that mattered most. Wrote Tolkien, "I do not think one need boggle at this spirit carrying off the One Ring, upon which his power of dominating minds now largely depended." In the essay "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age", Tolkien wrote that Sauron "took up" the Ring after returning to Middle-earth. War against the Last Alliance The few faithful N�men�reans were saved from the Downfall. With Elendil as their leader, they escaped the cataclysm and founded the kingdoms of Gondor and Arnor among the N�men�rean colonists and the natives of north-western Middle-earth. At first they believed that Sauron had perished in the Downfall, but it soon became evident that the Dark Lord had returned to Mordor. In The Fellowship of the Ring, Tolkien wrote that Elendil and his sons forged the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with Gil-galad to fight Sauron. The Alliance won a great victory on the plain of Dagorlad and invaded Mordor, laying siege to Barad-d�r for seven years. Finally, Sauron was forced to emerge from his tower and fight against the Last Alliance himself. In the battle on the slopes of Mount Doom, Sauron killed both Gil-galad and Elendil, though he himself was destroyed in the process. When Elendil fell, his sword, Narsil, broke beneath him. Taking up the hilt-shard of Narsil, Elendil's surviving son, Isildur, cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand. "Then Sauron was for that time vanquished, and he forsook his body, and his spirit fled far away and hid in waste places." Elrond and C�rdan, Gil-galad's lieutenants, urged Isildur to destroy the Ring by casting it into Mount Doom, but he refused and kept it for his own: "This I will have as weregild for my father's death, and my brother's. Was it not I that dealt the Enemy his death-blow?" A few years after the battle, Isildur's army, marching to Rivendell, was ambushed and overwhelmed by a band of Orcs in what became known as the Disaster of the Gladden Fields. Isildur put on the Ring and attempted to escape by swimming across Anduin, but the Ring � which had a will of its own and a desire to return to Sauron � slipped from his finger. He was spotted and killed by Orc archers. The Ring would remain lost beneath the water for thousands of years, with many believing there was no way Sauron could return or so long as the Ring was lost Middle Earth was safe. Third Age The traumatic loss of the Ring greatly weakened Sauron; he spent the first thousand years of the Third Age as a shapeless, dormant evil. The Necromancer of Dol Guldur Around the year 1050, a shadow of fear fell on the forest later called Mirkwood. As would later become known, this was the first intimation of Sauron manifesting himself yet again, but the Elves did not recognise him at first. As mentioned in The Hobbit, he was known as the Necromancer. He established a stronghold called Dol Guldur, "Hill of Sorcery", in the southern part of the forest. The Valar would not act to defeat Sauron in a massive intervention comparable to the War of Wrath that overthrew Morgoth, as they feared it could end in widespread destruction; rather, they sent five Maiar in the form of Wizards, the most prominent being Gandalf and Saruman. Around the year 1100, "the Wise" (the Wizards and the chief Elves) became aware that an evil power had made a stronghold at Dol Guldur. Initially it was assumed that this was one of the Nazg�l rather than Sauron himself. About the year 1300, the Nazg�l did indeed reappear, and their influence would have serious consequences for the nations established by the N�men�rean exiles. Over the ensuing centuries, the Witch-king of Angmar (the chief Nazg�l, acting on Sauron's behalf) repeatedly attacked the northern realm of Arnor, first in 1409 and finally overrunning the realm in 1974. Six years later, the Witch-king entered Mordor and gathered the Nazg�l there. In 2000, the Nazg�l issued from Mordor and took the city of Minas Ithil (later known as Minas Morgul) in one of the mountain-passes. Thereby they also captured an object that would prove most valuable to Sauron: a palant�r, one of the seven seeing stones that Elendil's people had brought with them from N�menor at the eve of the Downfall. As the power of Dol Guldur grew, the Wise came to suspect that the controlling force behind the Witch-king and the other Nazg�l was indeed their original master, Sauron. In 2063, Gandalf went to Dol Guldur and made the first attempt to learn the truth, but Sauron retreated and hid in the East. It would be almost 400 years before he returned to his stronghold in Mirkwood, and his identity remained undetermined. Sauron finally resurfaced with increased strength in 2460. About the same time, the long-lost Ruling Ring was finally recovered from the River Anduin, found by a hobbit named D�agol. His relative Sm�agol killed him for the Ring, and was eventually corrupted into the creature Gollum. Banished by his family, he took the Ring, which he called his "Precious," and hid in the Misty Mountains. In 2850, Gandalf made a second attempt to spy out Dol Guldur. Stealing into the stronghold, he was finally able to confirm the identity of its lord, later reporting to the White Council of Elves and Wizards that Sauron had returned. Saruman, hoping thereby to acquire the One Ring for himself, dissuaded the Council from acting against him. Eventually, the Wizards and chief Elves combined to put forth their might, and drove Sauron out of Mirkwood in 2941. During the White Council's delay he had, however, prepared his next move, and was willing to abandon Dol Guldur. Just before Sauron fled Dol Guldur, the hobbit Bilbo Baggins, on an improbable adventure with a party of Dwarves, stumbled across the Ring deep within the Misty Mountains. After his quest was over, Bilbo brought the Ring back to Hobbiton in the Shire. Decades later, he passed it on to his heir, Frodo. Sauron's power had now recovered to the point that he was able to extend his will over Middle-earth. The Eye of Sauron, as his attention and force of will was perceived, became a symbol of oppression and fear. Following his expulsion from Dol Guldur, he returned to Mordor in 2942, openly declared himself nine years later, and started raising Barad-d�r anew. In preparation for a final war against Men and Elves, he bred immense armies of Orcs, augmenting them with Men from the East and South to create the monstrous Uruk-hai. The War of the Ring The three volumes of The Lord of the Rings tell the story of Sauron's last attempt at achieving world dominion, as the Third Age reached its climax in the years 3018 and 3019. In The Fellowship of the Ring, Gandalf deduced that the Ring of Power that Bilbo had found in Gollum's cave was indeed Sauron's lost Master-ring. He informed Frodo about the true nature of the heirloom Bilbo had left for him, and its terrible potential if Sauron should ever regain it: "The Enemy still lacks one thing to give him strength and knowledge to beat down all resistance, break the last defences, and cover all the lands in a second darkness. He lacks the One Ring... So he is seeking it, seeking it, and all his thought is bent on it."[40] Gandalf went for advice to Saruman, but discovered that he had been corrupted by his long studies of Sauron. Using the palant�r in the tower of Orthanc, Saruman was now in communication with the Dark Lord and acted as his ally, though he also secretly hoped to gain the Ring for himself and use its power to supplant Sauron. Gandalf was held captive atop Orthanc for a time, but soon escaped with the help of one of the giant Eagles of Manw�. Having captured and tortured Gollum, Sauron learned that the Ring had been found by a Hobbit named "Baggins." Sauron sent the Nazg�l to the Shire, Bilbo's home, but Bilbo had left years earlier. Frodo was likewise on his way out of the Shire (on Gandalf's advice). The Nazg�l pursued Frodo and his companions and nearly killed Frodo, but were defeated near Rivendell. In Rivendell, Elrond convened a high council of the peoples of Middle-earth to decide how to handle the crisis. The council determined that the Ring must be destroyed where it was forged, since it was utterly impervious to any other flame than the volcanic fires at its place of making. Frodo and his friend Samwise Gamgee joined the Fellowship of the Ring, accepting the council's mission to cast it into the volcano. In The Two Towers, Saruman used his own army on Sauron's behalf and invaded Rohan. Gandalf, Th�oden King of Rohan and the Ents, led by Treebeard, finally defeated Saruman's forces. His stronghold at Isengard was overthrown and Saruman left trapped within the Tower of Orthanc. Thus, one of Sauron's most powerful allies was neutralized. During Saruman's confrontation with Gandalf, the palant�r of Orthanc fell into the hands of the Fellowship. Gandalf handed it over to Aragorn, a direct descendant of Isildur and Elendil and hence the rightful owner of the Stone. In The Return of the King, Aragorn used it to show himself to Sauron (who still controlled another Seeing Stone, the one captured from Minas Ithil centuries earlier). Aragorn was leading Sauron to think that he now had the Ring and was preparing to turn its power against its maker. The Dark Lord was troubled by this revelation, and therefore attacked sooner than he had planned by sending an army to overthrow Minas Tirith, capital of Gondor. (See Battle of the Pelennor Fields) Immediately after the huge army left Mordor through the pass of Cirith Ungol, Frodo and Sam attempted to enter the Black Land the same way. They had been previously met by Gollum, whom Sauron had earlier released from captivity while letting him think that he escaped by accident. For a while, Gollum had acted as a guide for Frodo and Sam. However, he finally betrayed them to Shelob � a monstrous, spider-like creature that guarded the pass. In the end, Sam drove off both Gollum and Shelob, but Frodo had been stung by Shelob and appeared to have died from her venom. The Orcs found Frodo's body and stripped him of his gear, but Sam (thinking his master dead) had already secured the Ring. Frodo regained consciousness and was freed by Sam, and the two started the gruelling journey across the plains of Mordor towards Mount Doom. Aragorn marched on the Black Gate of Mordor with 7000 men. After a brief encounter with the Mouth of Sauron, the battle was joined and went very poorly for the outnumbered Gondor/Rohan armies. Now convinced that Aragorn had the Ring, Sauron apparently reacted just as Gandalf had thought he would: "I will crush him, and what he has taken in his insolence shall be mine again for ever." Even as the Captains of the West were about to be utterly defeated by the superior might of Sauron's grand armies, Frodo reached his goal, entering the fiery interior of Mount Doom. However, his will failed at the last moment; unable to resist the growing power of the Ring, he put it on his finger and claimed it for his own. Sauron was instantly aware of him, and his gaze turned immediately to the Door in the Mountain. Recalling his remaining Nazg�l from the ongoing battle, he commanded them to hasten to Mount Doom in a desperate attempt to secure the Ring. It was too late, however: Gollum attacked Frodo, bit the Ring from his finger, then lost his footing and fell with the Ring into the fire. With "a roar and a great confusion of noise", the One Ring perished along with all the power Sauron had invested in it � Gollum inadvertently achieving the quest after Frodo's failure. At the Ring's destruction, Sauron's power was immediately broken and his form in Middle-earth was destroyed. His departing spirit towered above Mordor like a black cloud, but was blown away by a powerful wind from the West (the direction of the Blessed Realm and the Valar). His vast empires collapsed, his armies lost heart and were easily overcome, the Dark Tower of Barad-d�r crumbled and the Nazg�l were consumed in a hail of fire from the Mountain. Sauron himself was crippled for all time. Thus, on March 25, Third Age 3019, the long reign of terror of the second Dark Lord finally came to its end. Gandalf had predicted what the destruction of the Ring would mean to Sauron: "If it is destroyed, then he will fall, and his fall will be so low that none can foresee his arising ever again. For he will lose the best part of the strength that was native to him in his beginning, and all that was made or begun with that power will crumble, and he will be maimed for ever, becoming a mere spirit of malice that gnaws itself in the shadows, but cannot again grow or take shape. And so a great evil of this world will be removed." Names and titles In some of Tolkien's notes, it is said that Sauron's original name was Mairon or "the admirable", "but this was altered after he was suborned by Melkor. But he continued to call himself Mairon the Admirable, or Tar-Mairon "King Excellent", until after the downfall of N�menor. The name Sauron (from an earlier form Thauron) originates from the adjective saura "foul, putrid" in Tolkien's invented language of Quenya, and can be translated as "the Abhorred" or "the Abomination". In Sindarin (another Elf-language created by Tolkien) he is called Gorthaur, "the Abhorred Dread" or "the Dread Abomination". He is also called the "Nameless Enemy". The D�nedain (the descendants of the N�men�reans) call him "Sauron the Deceiver" due to his role in the Downfall of N�menor and the forging of the Rings of Power. In the N�men�rean (Ad�naic) tongue he was also known as "Zig�r", The Wizard. His two most common titles, the "Dark Lord of Mordor" and the "Lord of the Rings", appear only a few times in The Lord of the Rings. His other titles or variants thereof include "Base Master of Treachery", the "Dark Lord", the "Dark Power", "Lord of Barad-d�r", the "Red Eye", the "Ring-maker" and the "Sorcerer". In the First Age (as detailed in The Silmarillion) he was called the "Lord of Werewolves" of Tol-in-Gaurhoth. In the Second Age he assumed the name Annatar, which means "Lord of Gifts", and Aulendil, meaning "Friend of Aul�", as well as Artano, meaning "High-Smith", with which he assumed a new identity and tricked the Elves into working with him to create the Rings. In the Third Age he was known for a time as the Necromancer of Dol Guldur because his true identity was still unknown. Russian historian Alexandr Nemirovsky suggests that the name Sauron is meaningful in the Hurrian language. He derives the name from the Hurrian sequence Sau-ra-n(ne), meaning "possessing the weapon" or "armed". Appearance Nowhere does Tolkien provide a detailed description of Sauron's appearance during any of his incarnations. According to The Silmarillion, Sauron was initially able to change his appearance at will. In the beginning he assumed a beautiful form, but after switching his allegiance to Morgoth, he took a sinister shape. In the First Age, Gorlim was at one point brought into "the dreadful presence of Sauron", but the only concrete hint about his appearance is a reference to his daunting eyes. As part of a plan to destroy Huan, Sauron took the form of the greatest werewolf in Middle-earth's history till then. When the plan backfired, he assumed a serpent-like form, and finally changed back "from monster to his own accustomed form". The implication is that his "accustomed form" was not, at least, overtly monstrous. It is understood to have been humanoid. Sauron took a beautiful appearance once again at the end of the First Age in an effort to charm E�nw�, near the beginning of the Second Age when appearing as Annatar to the Elves, and again near the end of the Second Age when corrupting the men of N�menor. One version of the story describes, in general terms, the impression Sauron made on the N�men�reans. He appeared "as a man, or one in man's shape, but greater than any even of the race of N�menor in stature... And it seemed to men that Sauron was great, though they feared the light of his eyes. To many he appeared fair, to others terrible; but to some evil." Like Morgoth, Sauron eventually lost the ability to change his physical form (his hr�a). After the destruction of his fair form in the fall of N�menor, Sauron was unable to take a pleasing appearance or veil his power again. Thereafter, at the end of the Second Age and again in the Third, he always took the shape of a terrible dark lord. His first incarnation after the Downfall of N�menor was extremely hideous, "an image of malice and hatred made visible". Isildur recorded that Sauron's hand "was black, and yet burned like fire..." Gil-galad perished from Sauron's heat. Eye of Sauron A shield displaying the Red Eye of SauronThroughout The Lord of the Rings, "the Eye" (the Red Eye, the Evil Eye, the Lidless Eye, the Great Eye) is the image most often associated with Sauron. Sauron's Orcs bore the symbol of the Eye on their helmets and shields, and referred to him as the "Eye" because he did not allow his name to be written or spoken, according to Aragorn[47] (a notable exception to this rule was his emissary, the Mouth of Sauron). Also, the Lord of the Nazg�l threatened �owyn with torture before the "Lidless Eye"[48] at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. In the Mirror of Galadriel, Frodo had an actual vision of this Eye: The Eye was rimmed with fire, but was itself glazed, yellow as a cat's, watchful and intent, and the black slit of its pupil opened on a pit, a window into nothing. Later, Tolkien writes as if Frodo and Sam really glimpse the Eye directly, not in any kind of vision. The mists surrounding Barad-d�r are briefly withdrawn, and: one moment only it stared out...as from some great window immeasurably high there stabbed northward a flame of red, the flicker of a piercing Eye... The Eye was not turned on them, it was gazing north...but Frodo at that dreadful glimpse fell as one stricken mortally.[50] Gollum (who was tortured by Sauron in person) tells Frodo that Sauron has, at least, a "Black Hand" with four fingers. The missing finger was cut off when Isildur took the Ring, and the finger was still missing when Sauron reappeared centuries later. (Similarly, the injury to Sauron's throat in the much earlier battle with L�thien and Huan is maintained even after his transformation.) In the third volume, The Return of the King, the heralds of the Army of the West call Sauron out before the Battle of the Morannon, telling him to "come forth", which would seem pointless if he did not have a body. In one of his letters Tolkien does state that Sauron had a physical form in the Third Age: ...in a tale which allows the incarnation of great spirits in a physical and destructible form their power must be far greater when actually physically present. ... Sauron should be thought of as very terrible. The form that he took was that of a man of more than human stature, but not gigantic. Tolkien writes in The Silmarillion that "the Eye of Sauron the Terrible few could endure" even before his body was lost in the War of the Last Alliance. J. R. R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator includes Tolkien's own drawing of Sauron, showing him as a humanoid with literally black skin. In the draft text of the climactic moments of The Lord of the Rings, "the Eye" stands for Sauron's very person, with emotions and thoughts: The Dark Lord was suddenly aware of him [Frodo], the Eye piercing all shadows... Its wrath blazed like a sudden flame and its fear was like a great black smoke, for it knew its deadly peril, the thread upon which hung its doom... [I]ts thought was now bent with all its overwhelming force upon the Mountain..." Christopher Tolkien comments: "The passage is notable in showing the degree to which my father had come to identify the Eye of Barad-d�r with the mind and will of Sauron, so that he could speak of 'its wrath, its fear, its thought'. In the second text...he shifted from 'its' to 'his' as he wrote out the passage anew." Most adaptations of the story to visual media depict the Eye as visibly present; for obviously the Eye of Fire is visually effective, whereas references to Sauron's never-seen body are so few that even readers of the novel often overlook them. Concept and creation Since the earliest versions of The Silmarillion legendarium as detailed in the History of Middle-earth series, Sauron underwent many changes. The prototype or precursor Sauron-figure was a giant monstrous cat, the Prince of Cats. Called Tevildo, Tifil and Tiberth among other names, this character played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of Beren and Tin�viel in The Book of Lost Tales. The Prince of Cats was later replaced by Th�, the Necromancer. The name was then changed to Gorth�, S�r, and finally to Sauron. Gorth�, in the form Gorthaur remained in The Silmarillion; both Th� and Sauron name the character in the Lay of Leithian. The story of Beren and L�thien also features the heroic hound Huan and involved the subtext of cats versus dogs in its earliest form. Later the cats were changed to wolves or werewolves, with the Sauron-figure becoming the Lord of Werewolves. Prior to the publication of The Silmarillion (1977), Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without full access to Tolkien's notes. In early editions of Robert Foster's The Complete Guide to Middle-earth, Sauron is described as "probably of the Eldar elves." Yet there were other critics who essentially hit the mark. As early as 1967, W. H. Auden conjectured that Sauron might have been a Vala, long before it became known that Tolkien had indeed described him as "a lesser member of the race of Valar" (see full quote above). Adaptations Unused imagery of Sauron as "Annatar" from Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.In film versions of The Lord of the Rings, Sauron has been portrayed as either a humanlike creature (as in Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated version, The Lord of the Rings) or a physical, disembodied Eye (as in the 1980 animated The Return of the King),[58] or both. This last option is shown in the 2001-2003 film trilogy directed by Peter Jackson. Here, Sauron is shown to have a large, human-like form during the forging of the Ring and up to his losing it, then being "limited" to the disembodied Eye form throughout the rest of the storyline. Though the 1978 animated film and the 2001 live-action film both contain a prologue featuring the forging of the Rings of Power, the War of the Elves and Sauron goes unmentioned and the films jump straight to the much later War of the Last Alliance. In both, Sauron does not have the form he wore as "Annatar" when he forges the One Ring, but rather the one reflecting his identity as Dark Lord, and he is defeated by Isildur alone. In Jackson's series, Sauron is originally portrayed as a towering "black knight" wielding a huge black mace (reminiscent of Tolkien's descriptions as well as conceptual artist John Howe's illustrations of Morgoth); in this form, he is portrayed by Sala Baker. This body disintegrates with explosive force after Isildur cuts off the Ring with the hilt-shard of the sword Narsil. After this defeat, he is thereafter portrayed as the Eye, which is presented as an actual physical manifestation. The ring is voiced by Alan Howard. Later in the first film, Saruman remarks that Sauron cannot yet take physical form, so the audience is apparently to assume that the flaming Eye of Sauron is his disembodied spirit. This Eye hovers between the twin horn-like spires above Barad-d�r. In the novel, Sauron was inside the tower, gazing out through "the Window of the Eye in [his] shadow-mantled fortress".[50] In the extended edition of The Return of the King, Sauron's humanoid form appears when Aragorn looks into the palant�r. In interviews, Jackson repeatedly refers to Sauron as "just a giant floating eyeball". In the novel, even if one interprets the text as saying that the Eye exists physically, it is never clear whether it is disembodied or not. In the Jackson films, Sauron wears plate armour, but the author nowhere specifically discusses what kind of armour (or even clothing) Sauron may have worn during his physical incarnations. According to Saruman in the first film, the Eye of Sauron "sees all" � though this is somewhat clarified in the third film. Here, the Eye of Sauron is shown scanning Mordor rather like a searchlight, and can only observe one location at a time. The effect in Mordor is seen as a red beam that moves across the land, forever probing. A later statement regarding Sauron's observational powers shows they are akin to the novel, as Gollum says at one point that Sauron can see everything, but he cannot see everything all at once. It also seems to be visible to Frodo (and to see him in turn) any time that he is wearing the Ring. Pippin has a brief encounter with the Eye, after gazing into the palant�r of Orthanc. In the book, Pippin indicates that he somehow perceived Sauron, but it is not made clear exactly what he saw, whether the Eye or some other manifestation of the Dark Lord. Curiously, before the Battle of the Black Gate, Aragorn says a line from the book, "Let the Lord of the Black Land come forth!" despite earlier references in the films that Sauron lacks a physical form. The Dark Tower crumbles with the destruction of the Ring, and as it does so the Eye appears to turn more yellow and the dark clouds of Mordor swirl in around it before finally being wiped from existence with a final massive explosive force, which in turn destroys anything under the control of Sauron (the Black Gate, the Ringwraiths, and the Orcs) In earlier versions of Jackson's script, Sauron would indeed "come forth" at Aragorn's challenge, and do battle with him: The extra materials published together with the extended DVD version of the third movie indicate as much. Scenes of the fight were shot, but later this idea was discarded and was replaced by a scene (in the extended version) where Aragorn kills the "Mouth of Sauron" (a representative of Sauron) before fighting a Mordor troll. In fact, the footage of the battle with the troll was the same footage of Aragorn fighting Sauron, with the CGI troll mapped over a painted-out Sauron, as seen in the DVD special features. Benedict Cumberbatch will portray Sauron in The Hobbit film adaptations. Sauron appears in merchandise of the Jackson films, including computer and video games. These include The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II, The Lord of the Rings: Tactics and The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age. He is also a playable character in the tabletop wargame The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game published by Games Workshop Ltd. Sauron also appears as a playable character in the game, The Lord of the Rings: Conquest. Allusions in other works The Eye of Sauron is mentioned in The Stand, a post-apocalyptic novel written by Stephen King. The villain Randall Flagg possesses an astral body in the form of an "Eye" akin to the Lidless Eye. The novel itself was conceived by King as a "fantasy epic like The Lord of the Rings, only with an American setting". The "Eye" is also used in The Dark Tower series (also inspired by The Lord of the Rings) as the "sigul" of the Crimson King, an analogous figure in King's mythos. The Eye of Sauron appears as a visual reference in the Waking the Dead episode "Double Bind". SPECT attenuation correction image resembles the Eye of SauronIn S.M. Stirling's Emberverse series, the Eye of Sauron is the emblem of one of the new polities arising in the wake of the "Change". In his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, Junot Diaz repeatedly characterises Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo as "our Sauron." Multiple references appear throughout the novel. In the Marvel Comics Universe, the supervillain Sauron, an enemy of the X-Men, names himself after the Tolkien character. The "Eye" is mocked in the television show Family Guy, showing the eye scanning the ground, saying it has lost its contact lens. In the 2010 Nikita television show, Seymour Birkoff refers to the head of Division as Lord Sauron. A large red eye with a cat-like oval pupil is used as an image designed to inspire abject terror in the online motion-comic Broken Saints. An image resembling a fire-rimmed Eye of Sauron, is often seen in SPECT Myocardial perfusion studies utilizing an external radiation source for attenuation correction. (IMG: http://lenonhonor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ben_linus.jpg ) (5 of 16 lists - 78 points - highest ranking #3 pittshoganerkoff) Benjamin "Ben" Linus is a fictional character portrayed by Michael Emerson on the ABC television series Lost. Ben was the leader of a group of island natives called the Others and was initially known as Henry Gale to the survivors of Oceanic Flight 815. He began as the antagonist during the second and third seasons, but in subsequent seasons, becomes something of an uneasy ally to the main characters; even so, however, throughout the series, he is persistently characterized by spontaneous coldblooded actions and the shroud of moral ambiguity. Other characters frequently describe him as loyal only to himself, though it is also often hinted that he may be driven by some higher purpose. As with most characters on Lost, Ben's history is revealed through flashbacks and episodes set in other time periods which are revealed slowly as the series progresses. Sterling Beaumon first portrayed a young Ben late in season three, in the character's first centric episode, "The Man Behind the Curtain". Ben's childhood is further explored in the fifth season of the series, partially set in 1977. Fifth season episode "Dead Is Dead" explores Ben's fragile state following the events of the fourth season, in which his loyalty to the island led to the death of his adoptive daughter Alex Rousseau (Tania Raymonde), and flashbacks show the audience Ben's original acquisition of Alex and his rise to leadership of the Others, after exiling his rival Charles Widmore (Alan Dale). Originally cast for three guest appearances in the second season, Emerson's role was expanded. As leader of the Others, Ben became a regular cast member from the third season onward. Reviews of the show would often focus on Ben's mysterious motives. Emerson's portrayal garnered many positive reviews, resulting in nominations for the Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor year-on-year from 2007 to 2010, winning in 2009. In 2010, Ben Linus was ranked #24 on the TV Guide Network special, 25 Greatest TV Characters of All Time. Arc Prior to the crash Flashbacks during "The Man Behind the Curtain" show Benjamin Linus being born in the woods outside of Portland, Oregon, to Roger (Jon Gries) and Emily Linus (Carrie Preston). Emily dies after giving birth to Ben. When Ben is young, he and his father move to the Island, after his dad is offered a job working for the Dharma Initiative. On the Island, Ben begins to see visions of his mother, while Roger starts drinking heavily and verbally abusing him. Ben develops a hatred for the Dharma Initiative and one day runs away from the Barracks. He comes across Richard Alpert (Nestor Carbonell), one of the Island natives known to the Initiative as the "Hostiles", in the jungle, who agrees to Ben's request to join his group but tells him he needs to be very patient. Season five's "Namaste" shows a young Ben coming into contact with a captured Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews), who along with several other Oceanic Flight 815 survivors has been brought back in time from 2007. In the following episode, "He's Our You", he helps free Sayid under the impression Sayid was sent by the Others to bring him to Richard. Sayid instead shoots Ben and leaves him for dead. Fellow crash survivor Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox) refuses to help the boy, so Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and James "Sawyer" Ford (Josh Holloway) take Ben to Richard, who informs them Ben will henceforth lose his innocence and always be one of the Others. In 1988, Charles Widmore, leader of the Others, sends Ben to kill French scientist Danielle Rousseau (Melissa Farman), who was marooned on the island. However, when Ben learns Rousseau has a child, he kidnaps the baby Alex Rousseau, warning Rousseau to never come looking for the baby if she wants either of them to live. Four years after this, it is revealed in flashbacks Ben kills his father with poison gas, then discovers every Dharma Initiative member dead, also from poison gas. He banishes Charles Widmore from the island and assumes his leadership role, as he is the only one who can allegedly interact with their real leader, Jacob, and communicate his will to the group. Two days before the crash of Oceanic Flight 815, Ben discovers he has a spinal tumor. After witnessing the crash, he sends Ethan Rom (William Mapother) and Goodwin Stanhope (Brett Cullen) to investigate. He chooses Goodwin in order to remove Ben's competition for the affections of Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell), a woman recruited to the island three years previously in order to help the Others with their fertility problems. After the crash Seasons two to four In the season 3 episode "Expos�", Ben and Juliet enter a Dharma station, the Pearl, and watch Jack on a monitor. Ben tells Juliet he will convince Jack to perform surgery on him. After Goodwin dies, Ben shows Juliet the corpse, so she knows she is Ben's and will be on the Island forever. Ben makes his first appearance in the season two episode "One of Them", where he is caught in a trap set by Danielle Rousseau (Mira Furlan). He pretends to be Henry Gale, a man from Minnesota who crashed on the island while traveling via hot air balloon. Rousseau turns him over to Sayid, who takes him to the Swan Station, where he is held captive and interrogated. Ben is exposed as a fraud when the body of the real Henry Gale is found, but he is set free by Michael Dawson (Harold Perrineau), a crash survivor whose son has been kidnapped by the Others. When Michael successfully brings Jack, Kate, and Sawyer to the pier, Ben gives him a boat so he can leave the Island with his son. Ben then takes Jack, Kate, and Sawyer to a smaller island nearby. In the beginning of season three, Ben gives Juliet the task of interrogating Jack, while Kate and Sawyer are kept in cages. He admits to Jack about having a tumor on his spine, and asks him to remove it in order for him to leave the Island. During the surgery he wakes up, where Jack refuses to finish until Kate and Sawyer are safely away from the Others. After they escape, Ben's operation is finished. He returns to the Barracks with the rest of the Others, and Jack in tow. When Locke comes to rescue Jack, he and Ben have a confrontation. Ben tells Locke of a "magic box" which can produce whatever someone wishes for and shows him his father, Anthony Cooper (Kevin Tighe), who they are holding captive and was brought to the Island because of the box. Ben offers Locke the opportunity to join the Others, but only if he kills Cooper; Ben knows he won't kill in cold blood, and so makes the offer as a way to humiliate Locke.[15] Locke returns a few days later with Cooper's corpse, having used Sawyer to do the deed for him, so Ben takes him to meet Jacob. When Ben discovers Locke can hear Jacob, he shoots Locke and leaves him for dead. He returns to the Others' camp, and tells Richard, now his second-in-command, to lead the remaining Others to the Temple. Ben takes Alex with him as he attempts to prevent Jack from sending a radio message to a nearby freighter. He reunites Alex with her mother, and claims if Jack contacts the freighter, every single person on the Island will die. Ben is beaten and taken hostage, and forced to watch as the freighter is contacted. In the first episode of season four, "The Beginning of the End", the survivors divide into two groups. Those who believe the people from the freighter to be dangerous, Ben among them, join Locke and head to the Barracks. After Ben confesses the freighter crew has come to capture him, Miles Straume (Ken Leung), a medium from the freighter, makes a deal with Ben, asking for $3.2 million in exchange for reporting Ben as dead to Charles Widmore (Alan Dale), the man who sent the freighter. Ben agrees after Miles rebuffs his claims such a small fortune is beyond him. Ben eventually gets his freedom when he tells Locke who sent the freighter. Once free, Ben urges Alex, and her boyfriend and mother, to travel to the Temple, for protection from the people on the freighter. However, they are ambushed en route by mercenaries from the freighter and all but Alex are killed. Alex is taken hostage after revealing herself to be Ben's daughter. In "The Shape of Things to Come", Martin Keamy (Kevin Durand), the leader of the mercenaries, threatens to shoot Alex if Ben does not come forward; Ben staunchly denies any attachment to her, which results in her execution. Ben claims Widmore has "changed the rules", then summons the smoke monster to attack the mercenaries. He then leaves with Locke and Hugo "Hurley" Reyes (Jorge Garcia) to communicate with Jacob. Locke enters Jacob's cabin alone, and returns stating they need to move the Island. They go to the Orchid, a Dharma station which allows them to do this. Ben sends Locke to become the new leader of the Others, then enters a secret level of the Orchid. He turns a large frozen wheel in the wall, which teleports the Island to a new location. Ben himself is transported to the Sahara Desert, specifically, Tunisia, which was formerly the ancient country of Carthage. The flashforwards in "The Shape of Things to Come" show Ben arrives in the Sahara Desert ten months ahead of when he left the Island. Ben finds Sayid at the funeral of his wife Nadia (Andrea Gabriel), and recruits Sayid as his personal assassin, telling him Widmore ordered the assassination of his wife. Ben provides Sayid with a list of targets, all of which he successfully kills over the next three years. At one point, Ben infiltrates Widmore's penthouse apartment in London to inform him of his intention to kill his daughter, Penelope (Sonya Walger), as retribution for the death of Alex. Seasons five and six When Locke leaves the island to bring the survivors back to the island, Ben tracks him down. He gets Locke to reveal what he knows about returning to the island, then kills him and stages it as a suicide. Ben visits Jack in the funeral home housing Locke's body, telling Jack he will help him return to the island, but the only way to get back is to bring everyone who had left it, including Locke's corpse. Ben boards Ajira Airways Flight 316 with the rest of survivors, which then crashes on the island. Jack, Kate, Hurley, and Sayid are transported to 1977, while Sun and Ben remain in the 2007 with a resurrected Locke. The plane crash lands on the Hydra Island, so Ben attempts to take a boat to the main island. Sun strikes him in the back of the head and takes the boat with Frank, so Ben is left in the care of the other survivors, including Locke. After Ben regains consciousness and finds Locke to be alive, he convinces Locke he knew bringing him to the island would resurrect him, and he stopped Locke's suicide attempt merely to gain information. Locke travels with Ben, who is to be judged by the Monster. After they fail to find the Monster at the Barracks, they head to the Temple. As Ben and Locke travel through a series of tunnels beneath the Temple, Ben falls through the floor, so Locke leaves to get something that he can pull him up with. The Monster flows out of a grate below and surrounds Ben, showing flashes of decisions he made in his life involving Alex. The Monster takes the form of Alex and pushes Ben against a wall. She says she knows Ben is planning to kill Locke again, and if he does she will hunt him down and destroy him. She orders him to follow Locke and do whatever he asks, then disappears. They return to the Others' camp, where Locke gathers the group together and announces he is taking them to see Jacob. As they are walking, Ben relates his experience with the Monster and his promise to do whatever Locke asks, so Locke convinces Ben to kill Jacob. Richard leads them to the base of the statue, where Jacob lives. Within, they are met by Jacob (Mark Pellegrino). Jacob greets Locke and observes Locke has found a loophole. It is reveal that Locke was not resurrected, and is instead the Monster taking the form of Locke. Ben confronts Jacob about why he never revealed himself at any time during Ben's tenure as leader, but when Jacob is dismissive towards him, he stabs Jacob twice, killing him. After Jacob's death, the Monster tells Ben to fetch Richard, as he wants to speak to him. However, when Ben exits the statue, Richard throws him down beside the corpse of the real John Locke, which has been brought to the statue by survivors of the Ajira flight, led by Ilana Verdansky (Zuleikha Robinson). Ben is forced by Ilana's group to bring them to the imposter Locke. They start shooting at the Monster, but he disappears, then returns in its black smoke form, killing Ilana's group. The Monster returns to Locke's form and mockingly informs Ben of the real Locke's last thoughts, while being strangled by Ben. Afterwards, Ben comforts Ilana when he finds her crying in Jacob's chamber and sets off with her, Sun, and Frank Lapidus (Jeff Fahey) to bury Locke before going to the Temple, where they believe they will be safe from the Monster. At Locke's funeral, Ben provides the eulogy, and expresses his sincere apologies for killing Locke. When they arrive at the Temple, the Monster is destroying the place. They return to the beach as a temporary shelter, and Ben attempts to make amends with everyone for killing Jacob. Ilana then forces him to dig a grave and explains she will kill Ben for murdering her father figure. Later, the Monster visits Ben, telling him to join him and then magically frees Ben. After Ben escapes, Ilana chases after him, and the two come face-to-face at the jungle when Ben points a rifle at her. Ben explains to her why he really killed Jacob, particularly grieving his daughter. Ilana understands and allows him to rejoin their group, which he does. Hurley, Jack, and Richard show up and join their group, then have a meeting, deciding what to do next. Richard suggests they should stop the Monster escaping by blowing up the Ajira plane. After Hurley destroys the available the dynamite from the shipwrecked Black Rock, Richard insists he will find other explosives. Ben and Miles join Richard, while the rest decide to go talk to the Monster. When Ben, Richard and Miles arrive at the Barracks, Widmore is there, and is soon joined by the Monster. Ben murders Widmore before he is able to make a deal with the Monster to spare his daughter. The Monster and Ben find Desmond and the Monster forces him to go destroy the Island. They run into Jack's group and they both go to the heart of the Island, where Desmond removes the cork of the Island, causing the Island to begin to collapsing. After Jack kills the Monster, Ben and Hurley volunteer to stay behind on the Island with Jack to assist him relighting the Island. Jack tells them he will die doing this and Jack gives Hurley the new position of being protector of the Island. Ben advises him to approach his Island duties with his kindness and helpful attitude. Hurley asks Ben to become his advisor, to which he is honored. After an undisclosed period of time, Ben, on orders from Hurley, arrives at the Dharma Logistics Warehouse in Guam. He speaks to the two workers there and instructs them that the facility is being shut down. Afterward, Ben arrives at the Santa Rosa Mental Hospital and visits Walt. Ben tells him that he is still special and that he can help his father, Michael, even though he is dead, and offers Walt a job to return to the island. The afterlife experienced by the surivors is shown during season six. In "The Substitute", Ben Linus is shown as a teacher of European History. In "Dr. Linus", Ben laments his life in general, particularly because his principal, Reynolds, does not care for the school. He is living with his father, Roger (Jon Gries), who is on life support. At school, he is shown to have a close relationship with his star pupil, Alex, and befriends a substitute teacher, John Locke. While studying together, Alex tells Ben that Principal Reynolds is having a sexual affair with one of the school nurses on campus. Ben attempts to blackmail Reynolds, threatening to reveal his affair and citing his position as principal as the demand. However, Reynolds swiftly retaliates by saying if he makes good on his threats, Alex's chances of going to Yale University will decrease substantially, as he is requested to write her a recommendation letter. Wanting to save Alex's educational future, Ben backs down. Days later, Ben notices Desmond Hume waiting outside the school in his car for an extended amount of time. Desmond runs over Locke, and swiftly drives off. As soon as the ambulance arrives, Ben gets in and sits next to the critically injured Locke, assuring him everything will be all right. When Locke returns to the school, Desmond does as well, and Ben catches him. Desmond beats Ben severely saying he was only trying to help Locke let go. Ben has a vision from his previous life during Desmond's beating. Ben believes him and relays Locke this information. When Alex sees how badly Ben was beaten, she invites him to her house where her mother, Danielle, fixes him supper. Danielle tells Ben that Alex views him as a father, and Ben begins to cry. Ben waits outside the chapel where the Oceanic survivors plan to move on together, and he sees Locke for the last time. Ben apologizes to Locke for killing him, and Locke forgives him. Hurley later comes out of the chapel and invites Ben in, but Ben politely declines saying he is not ready to move on, saying he "has a few things to work out". Personality "That's what my father does - he manipulates people. He makes you think it's your idea but it's his." Alex in "The Man from Tallahassee"Ben, although extremely well-mannered, has an impeccable ability to lie and manipulate the people around him, even when he is at a physical disadvantage. He can also be petty and vindictive, even to the point of murder, when he does not get what he wants. He claims to have been born on the Island, leading to him being thought of as a miracle by the Others, as pregnant women die on the island; but later confesses to Locke that he was lying. He unsuccessfully tries to convince the survivors he is Henry Gale, although succeeds in manipulating Locke to turn against Jack whilst held prisoner under this guise. While he claims he will not sacrifice innocent lives in order to accomplish his goals, he has been shown to do quite the opposite. In the third season finale, Ben is informed by Tom Friendly (M. C. Gainey), an Other, that they have captured three of the crash survivors: Sayid Jarrah, Bernard Nadler (Sam Anderson), and Jin-Soo Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim). When Tom tells Ben they are unwilling to reveal any information about the rest of the survivors, Ben quickly replies "Shoot Kwon... You want them to answer questions, kill Kwon - do it now". Conversely, Ben refuses to allow his spy on the freighter to destroy it long before it reaches the Island, as he would not kill anyone who "did not deserve to die". Furthermore, when Locke confronts Ben about causing the freighter to explode, Ben coldly replies, "So?" "I have full sympathy [for Ben]. I believe he has a mission and an agenda that he hasn't shared with us yet. The survival of the earth may depend on Ben's work, so it justifies his ruthless behavior. Maybe I'm just fantasizing or deluding myself." Ben's unclear motives have led to speculation about his possible status as a villain. Ben Rawson-Jones from Digital Spy describes Ben as a "supposed villain", pondering "Could he really have been the good guy all along" following the fourth season episode "The Shape of Things to Come". Actor Michael Emerson suspects where Ben's loyalties lie will always be ambiguous, making this a "wonderful role". He is rarely shown losing control of his emotions, but when he does, it is done in a big and childish way. Emerson explains "He's cold because any trace of warmth makes him vulnerable to his enemies". Ben is also known for his commitment to the island and doing whatever is necessary to protect it. He has no qualms with Locke attempting to kill Naomi (Marsha Thomason) and even Jack after the survivors begin to call the freighter. He undertakes the risky and unpredictable step of moving the Island to prevent the freighter crew, and thus Charles Widmore, from finding it. He always has a plan and is described by Kevin Thompson from The Palm Beach Post as a "know-it-all", which another reviewer thinks is because "[Ben] talks quietly, in a menacingly measured drawl... with lots of pauses and emphases". Ben also appears to know Turkish, as he asks the bedouins on horseback "T�rk�e biliyor musunuz?" late in season 4. Development Michael Emerson was cast on the show after receiving an Emmy for his role in The Practice. In 2001, American actor Michael Emerson won an Emmy award for his guest appearance as serial killer William Hinks on The Practice. The Lost producers liked his work on The Practice, so they were keen to cast Emerson in the role of Ben, then known as "Henry Gale", as they thought he would fit the character well. He was originally contracted to appear in just three episodes of Lost, making his first appearance midway through the second season, in episode "One of Them". The producers were so impressed by him that they contracted him for a further five episodes, citing the scene at the end of "The Whole Truth" where Ben asks for milk as the moment they knew he was a "keeper". He was then made a part of the regular cast from the third season. Had Emerson not worked out during his initial appearances a different actor would have been cast for the leader of the Others, but it was always intended the survivors would have the leader right under their noses and not realise it. During one episode of the Official Lost Podcast, the producers state they always knew Ben would be the "Big Bad". Emerson had no idea of his character's importance during his second season recurring role. He was told nothing about Ben's backstory and would only receive scripts at the last minute. He enjoys how the ambiguity of Ben's motives allows him to "paint it the way [he] please[s]". Sterling Beaumon was cast to play Ben in the flashbacks of episode "The Man Behind the Curtain". Emerson's wife Carrie Preston was cast as Ben's mother following Emerson telling people at parties she was desperate for a part on the show. Referring to the scene in the third season where Ben seemingly fits Sawyer with a lethal pacemaker, Emerson comments "Sadistic may be the word, but he doesn't seem to take much relish in it. He's just sort of detached, he looks at it coldly. I sometimes feel like everything to him is a sort of scientific experiment and he is interested in a dispassionate way in how the experiment runs its course. I think some day if we ever find out what his parentage is, that his parents were people of science". Elizabeth Mitchell, who plays Juliet, did not think it was a "huge surprise for Juliet that Ben had feelings for [Juliet], but I still think it was... it was horrifying under the circumstances". She also thought "[Juliet has] this kind of wonderful mind, and I think that Ben probably has a tremendous respect for that. It's not because Juliet is so enticing, it's just the fact that she's got this amazing mind, she has this amazing, you know, intelligence, and I think that's what intrigues him, that's what draws him into her". During season four the producers deliberately left it ambiguous as to whether Ben was a part of the Oceanic 6 (six survivors of the plane crash that make it off the Island) after he appeared in one of Sayid's flashforwards. Reception Critical reception During the beginning of season three, Chris Carabott from IGN described Ben as "one of the best 'villains on television', due to his 'eerie manner' and 'methodical delivery'". Later in the season Carabott had a problem with Ben being so deceptive, as "anything he imparts must be taken with a grain of salt". Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly also noted this, saying "I don't trust Ben. I have no idea when he's lying and when he's telling the truth. The only thing I'm reasonably sure of is that everything he says is for the purpose of impacting a character � and the audience". Ben's father issues revealed towards the end of season three are described as "not the most original Lost character trait by any means but it is the thrust behind Ben's development into the genocidal maniac he eventually becomes". Following the penultimate episode of the season, Carabott stated "Even with his limited screen time, Michael Emerson's performance shines through and we hope that he survives the events of the finale because we love seeing his character every week." Erin Martell from TV Squad picked the Others as one of her season three highlights, partly due to the development of Ben, adding "I cannot even picture the final three seasons without Ben". Martell also gave six reasons to look forward to season four, one of which was Ben Linus. Aubry D'Arminio of Entertainment Weekly describes "savvy Ben" as a "captivating minor character". Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly praised Emerson's acting in the beginning of season four, calling him "a genius in [the] role". Alan Sepinwall from The Star-Ledger worried "the actor is so good and the character so popular that he's kept alive even though it makes all the heroes look like idiots". Following "Confirmed Dead", Entertainment Weekly's Jeff Jensen felt "Isn't the whole business of Ben manipulating Locke with the promise of Island secrets getting just a little bit old?" SyFy Portal's Dan Compora said that "The more I hate Ben, the more I realize that Michael Emerson is just a very fine actor doing his job". Don Williams of BuddyTV said "consider my mind blown again", referring to the flashforward in "The Economist" where it is revealed that Sayid is working for Ben. Oscar Dahl of BuddyTV called Emerson an acting "god". Chris Carabott from IGN found one of the best moments of "Eggtown", was the power struggle between Locke and Ben, because "Their scenes together are amongst the best in the series and the one that opens "Eggtown" is a perfect display of how well Michael Emerson and Terry O'Quinn work together. O'Quinn captures Locke's uncertainty perfectly in the opening scene and it's always fun to watch Ben prey on any weakness of character." Kevin Thompson of The Palm Beach Post wrote "with those big ol' eyes of his, [Emerson] could always say more with a lengthy stare than he could with twenty pages of dialogue.... [He has], once again, proved why he has become Lost's star as well as its heart and soul.... an Emmy should belong to [him]." Jennifer Godwin of E! wrote that "no one has ever done better work humanizing a supervillain." Matt Roush of TV Guide puts Ben in "The Shape of Things to Come" in the top 20 moments of the week, stating "Michael Emerson on Lost. It doesn't get better than that". Ben Rawson-Jones of Digital Spy describes Emerson's performance as "fantastic", with "many layers of intrigue and humanity". John Kubicek of BuddyTV also found his performance "fantastic", adding "he nailed it". Critic Kelly Woo, from TV Squad, placed him on second on her list of "Seven new characters that worked", ranking just below Desmond Hume, also from Lost. Awards In 2006, Michael Emerson was nominated for the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor � Series, Miniseries or Television Film, but lost out to Ugly Betty's Tony Plana. Following the third season in 2007, Emerson was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Television Program, losing to Masi Oka from Heroes. He was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series but lost out to fellow Lost cast member Terry O'Quinn (Locke). Later in the year, he was nominated for Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor - TV Series, Miniseries or TV film again, this time losing to David Zayas from Dexter. Emerson won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Television Program, beating fellow Lost actors Terry O'Quinn and Josh Holloway (Sawyer). Emerson was also nominated for the Teen Choice Award for Best Villain. In 2008, Emerson was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, but lost to Damages' �eljko Ivanek, who has also appeared on Lost. In 2009, Emerson was nominated again for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards, this time winning. In 2010 he was again nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards, this time losing. (IMG: http://stevengalen.com/images/movies/starwars_palpatine1.jpg ) (IMG: http://beta.swg.stratics.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/palpatine.gif ) (6 of 16 lists - 81 points - highest ranking #2 Steve9347) Palpatine is a fictional character and the main antagonist of the Star Wars saga, portrayed by Ian McDiarmid in the feature films. Palpatine first appeared as the unnamed Emperor of the Galactic Empire in the 1980 film Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back. In this film and Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, he is an aged, pale-faced figure who wears dark robes. In the prequel trilogy, Palpatine is a middle-aged politician of the Republic who rises to power through deception and treachery. As the Senator of Naboo and later the Supreme Chancellor, he outwardly behaves like a well-intentioned and loyal public servant, yet underneath his affable public persona lurks his true identity: Darth Sidious, a Dark Lord of the Sith. As both Palpatine and Sidious, he sets into motion a series of events�including the Clone Wars�which ultimately destroys the Jedi Knights and the Republic, allowing him to usher in the Galactic Empire, a brutal authoritarian regime. Since the initial theatrical run of Return of the Jedi, Palpatine has become a symbol of evil and sinister deception in popular culture. Appearances Star Wars films Original trilogy In Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, several characters mention that The Emperor is the ruler of the Empire, but he is neither properly named nor seen in the film. In Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back, Emperor Palpatine appears for the first time as the Sith master of Darth Vader (David Prowse/James Earl Jones). The Emperor contacts Vader via holographic communication to tell him of a "great disturbance in the Force," and warns him that Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) is becoming a threat. Vader convinces the Emperor that Luke would be an asset if he could be turned to the dark side of the Force. In Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, Palpatine arrives on the second Death Star to oversee the last stages of its construction. When Darth Vader delivers his son, Luke Skywalker, to Palpatine, the Emperor�intent on replacing Vader with a younger, more powerful apprentice�tempts the young Jedi to the dark side by appealing to his fear for his friends. This leads to a lightsaber duel in which Luke defeats and nearly kills Vader. Luke ultimately refuses to turn to the dark side, however, and an enraged Palpatine attacks him with Force lightning. Moved by the sight of his son's suffering, Vader turns on his master and redeems himself by throwing the evil Emperor into the Death Star's reactor shaft, killing him. Prequel trilogy In Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace, set 32 years before A New Hope, Palpatine is introduced as the senior Galactic Senator from the planet Naboo. The corrupt Trade Federation blockades and invades Naboo under the influence of Palpatine's Sith alter ego, Darth Sidious. Queen Padm� Amidala (Natalie Portman) flees to the planet Coruscant to receive counsel from the senator. After a plea for help from the senate results in bureaucratic delays, Palpatine persuades her to make a motion to have Supreme Chancellor Finis Valorum (Terence Stamp) removed from office. Palpatine, as Sidious, sends his apprentice Darth Maul (Ray Park/Peter Serafinowicz) to Naboo to oversee the invasion and find the queen. The invasion, however, is thwarted by Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn (Liam Neeson) and his apprentice Obi-Wan Kenobi (Ewan McGregor); in the ensuing lightsaber duel, both Maul and Jinn are killed. Palpatine returns to Naboo, having been elected the new Supreme Chancellor. He tells nine-year-old Anakin Skywalker (Jake Lloyd), newly accepted as Obi-Wan's Jedi apprentice, that "we will watch your career with great interest". In Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones, set 10 years later, the galaxy is on the verge of civil war, as a growing Separatist movement of planets seeks to secede from the Republic to form the Confederacy of Independent Systems. They are led by Count Dooku (Christopher Lee), a former Jedi and Darth Sidious' new apprentice, known secretly by his Sith name, Darth Tyranus. Dooku hires a bounty hunter named Jango Fett (Temuera Morrison) to assassinate Padm�, leading to a wild goose chase for Obi-Wan to kill Fett and find Dooku. Palpatine tells Anakin (Hayden Christensen) to bring Padm� to her home planet of Naboo and guard her; Anakin and Padm� soon fall in love. After Obi-Wan discovers that the Separatists are building a secret battle droid army, Palpatine uses the situation to have himself granted emergency powers. Palpatine feigns reluctance to accept this authority, promising to return it to the Senate once the crisis has ended. His first act is to create an army of cloned human warriors to counter the Separatist threat. The clones had recently been discovered by Obi-Wan as having been secretly ordered by deceased Jedi Master Sifo-Dyas many years earlier. When Anakin, Obi-Wan, Padm�, and the other Jedi go to the planet Geonosis, they engage in an epic battle that serves as the opening salvo of the Clone Wars, but Dooku and the Separatists escape. Dooku then meets with Sidious, bringing with him plans for a Geonosian superweapon. In Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, set three years later, Palpatine is captured by Separatist leader General Grievous (Matthew Wood) as part of Darth Sidious' elaborate plan. Palpatine is rescued by Anakin and Obi-Wan, but not before the Jedi confront Count Dooku. A short duel ensues, in which Dooku knocks Obi-Wan unconscious, and goes after Anakin; the younger Jedi eventually overpowers Dooku, and then kills him in cold blood at Palpatine's urging. Palpatine then escapes with his Jedi rescuers and returns to Coruscant. By this point, Palpatine has become a virtual dictator, able to take any action in the Senate. The Jedi Council is troubled by Palpatine's power and fears he will not relinquish it when the Clone Wars end � suspicions which only grow when the Senate grants Palpatine a vote on the Jedi Council. He appoints Anakin as his representative on the Jedi Council, but they refuse to grant Anakin the rank of Jedi Master. The Council then orders Anakin to spy on Palpatine, but he instead reveals the Jedi's plan to him. Palpatine tells Anakin the story of Darth Plagueis the Wise, a powerful Sith Lord who was able to manipulate life and death, but was killed by his apprentice. Eventually, Palpatine reveals his secret identity to Anakin, and tempts him with promises of the power to prevent death. Palpatine knows that Anakin has been having visions of Padm�, who is now pregnant with Anakin's children, dying in childbirth, and offers to teach him Plagueis' secrets to save her life. Confused and torn over his loyalty to both Palpatine and the Jedi, Anakin informs Jedi Master Mace Windu (Samuel L. Jackson) that Palpatine is the Sith Lord Darth Sidious. Windu and fellow Council members Kit Fisto, Agen Kolar and Saesee Tiin go to arrest Palpatine, but the Chancellor surprises them with a lightsaber and quickly dispatches Kolar and Tiin by means of a stab in the chest and a slash in the gut, respectively. It was only a matter of seconds before Fisto was killed by a slash in the gut as well. In the ensuing duel, Windu disarms his opponent. Palpatine unleashes Force lightning at Windu, who deflects it back with his lightsaber at Palpatine, deforming Palpatine's face into the wizened, yellow-eyed visage seen in the original films. Anakin appears and intercedes on Palpatine's behalf and cuts off Windu's hand, allowing Palpatine to shoot Windu with another blast of lightning, hurtling him through the window to his death. Palpatine then accepts Anakin as his new apprentice, Darth Vader. Palpatine then sets the destruction of the Jedi in motion: He sends Vader to destroy the Jedi Temple with a battalion of troops, and instructs all of the clone troopers to kill their Jedi generals under a secret command known as Order 66. He then sends Vader to Mustafar to assassinate the Separatist leaders. He announces to the Senate that the Jedi were planning to overthrow the Republic, and that the Republic will be reorganized into the Galactic Empire, with himself as Emperor for life. Jedi Master Yoda (Frank Oz) survives the attempt on his life and confronts Palpatine in his Senate office. A lightsaber duel erupts between them which ends in stalemate when Yoda flees into exile. Sensing his apprentice is in danger, Palpatine travels to Mustafar, where he finds Vader maimed and burned almost to the point of death following a duel with Obi-Wan. Palpatine returns to Coruscant with Vader and provides him with the black armor suit first seen in the original trilogy. When Vader regains consciousness, Palpatine tells him that Padm� died in the heat of Vader's anger, breaking what remains of his apprentice's spirit. Palpatine is last seen watching the first Death Star under construction, with Vader and Grand Moff Wilhuff Tarkin (Wayne Pygram) at his side. Clone Wars 2003 Animated Series Palpatine is a central character in Genndy Tartakovsky's Star Wars: Clone Wars, an animated miniseries set between Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith. The character is based on McDiarmid's likeness in The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones. In the first chapter, Obi-Wan Kenobi informs Palpatine that the Jedi have discovered that the InterGalactic Banking Clan has established battle droid factories on the planet Muunilinst. Palpatine agrees to send a strike force that includes Obi-Wan and Anakin, but Palpatine suggests that Anakin be given "special command" of Obi-Wan's fighters. Yoda and Obi-Wan initially speak against it, but reluctantly concede to the Chancellor. In another chapter, Darth Sidious appears to Count Dooku as a holographic image shortly after Dooku trains Asajj Ventress, a Force-sensitive female warrior adept in the dark side. Sidious orders her to track down and kill Anakin Skywalker; he remarks to Count Dooku that her failure is certain, but the point of her mission is to test Anakin. Chapter 22 features the training of General Grievous by Count Dooku. Darth Sidious appears as a hologram and orders Grievous to begin the special mission: an assault on the galactic capital. The Separatist invasion of Coruscant begins in the next episode, and Palpatine watches from the window in his private residence. He is protected by Jedi Shaak Ti, Roron Corobb, and Foul Moudama. Grievous breaks through the Chancellor's window and kidnaps him. Grievous kills Roron and Foul and captures Shaak Ti as Palpatine is taken to the Invisible Hand, Grievous' flagship, setting the stage for Revenge of the Sith. 2008 Animated Series In the 2008 animated film The Clone Wars, also set between Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith, Darth Sidious engineers a Separatist plot to turn Jabba the Hutt against the Republic by kidnapping his son, Rotta, and framing the Jedi for it. Anakin and his apprentice, Ahsoka Tano, foil the plot, but the outcome also suits Sidious' ends, since Jabba places Hutt hyperspace routes at the Republic's disposal. In the spinoff animated series, Darth Sidious hires Cad Bane, the galaxy's deadliest bounty hunter, to infiltrate the Jedi Temple and steal a holocron. He then takes a valuable Kyber memory crystal, held by Bolla Ropal. The crystal contains the names of thousands of Force-sensitive younglings around the galaxy, and thus the future of the Jedi Order. The final stage of the plot: to retrieve four children to bring to Sidious' secret facility on the planet Mustafar. Bane kidnaps Zinn Toa and Wee Dunn and brings them there. Anakin and Ahsoka again foil the plot, but Bane escapes and any evidence of whoever was behind the scheme is lost. Star Wars literature Star Wars Expanded Universe literature elaborates on Palpatine's role in Star Wars fiction outside of the films. The first appearance of Palpatine in Star Wars literature was in Alan Dean Foster's (writing as George Lucas) novelization of the script of A New Hope, published as Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker (1976). Foster characterizes Palpatine as a cunning Senator who "caused himself" to be elected president of the Republic, and then declared himself Emperor and isolated himself from his subjects, eventually becoming a pawn of his advisors. Palpatine made his first major appearance in the Expanded Universe in 1991 and 1992 with the Dark Empire series of comic books written by Tom Veitch and illustrated by Cam Kennedy. In the series, set six years after Return of the Jedi, Palpatine is resurrected as the Emperor Reborn or Palpatine the Undying. His spirit returns from the underworld of the Force with the aid of Sith ghosts on Korriban and possesses the body of Jeng Droga, one of Palpatine's elite spies and assassins known as the Emperor's Hands. Droga flees to a secret Imperial base on the planet Byss, where the Emperor's advisor Sate Pestage exorcises Palpatine's spirit and channels it into one of many clones created by Palpatine before his death. Palpatine attempts to resume control of the galaxy, but Luke Skywalker, who is now a Jedi Master, sabotages his plans. Luke destroys most of Palpatine's cloning tanks, but is only able to defeat the Emperor with help from his sister, Princess Leia, who is now herself a Jedi. The two repel a Force storm Palpatine had created and turn it back onto him, once again destroying his physical form. Palpatine's ultimate fate is further chronicled in the Dark Empire II and Empire's End series of comics. The Dark Empire II series, published from 1994 to 1995, details how the Emperor is once again reborn on Byss into a clone body. Palpatine tries to rebuild the Empire as the Rebel Alliance grows weak. In Empire's End (1995), a traitorous Imperial guard bribes Palpatine's cloning supervisor to tamper with the Emperor's stored DNA samples. This causes the clones to deteriorate at a rapid rate. Palpatine attempts to possess the body of Anakin Solo, the infant son of Princess Leia and Han Solo, before the clone body dies, but is thwarted once again by Luke Skywalker. Palpatine is killed by a blaster shot fired by Han, and his spirit is captured by a wounded Jedi named Empatojayos Brand, who uses his remaining strength to dissipate Palpatine's spirit, destroying the Sith Lord once and for all. Novels and comics published before 1999 focus on Palpatine's role as Galactic Emperor. Shadows of the Empire (1996) by Steve Perry and The Mandalorian Armor (1998) by K. W. Jeter�all set between The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi�show how Palpatine uses crime lords such as Prince Xizor and bounty hunters like Boba Fett to fight his enemies. Barbara Hambly's novel Children of the Jedi (1995), set eight years after Return of the Jedi, features a woman named Roganda Ismaren who claims that Palpatine fathered her son Irek. The Jedi Prince series of novels introduces an insane, three-eyed mutant named Triclops who is revealed to be Palpatine's illegitimate son. Created from DNA extracted from Palpatine and placed into a woman, he was born mutated, cast away and forgotten. Triclops had a son named Ken who became known as the Jedi Prince but also as Palpatine's grandson. Beginning in 1999 with Terry Brooks' novelization of The Phantom Menace, Star Wars writers chronicled the role of Palpatine prior to A New Hope as a politician and Sith Lord. The comic "Marked" by Rob Williams, printed in Star Wars Tales 24 (2005), and Michael Reaves's novel Darth Maul: Shadow Hunter (2001) explain Darth Sidious' relationship with his apprentice Darth Maul. Cloak of Deception (2001) by James Luceno follows Reaves's novel and details how Darth Sidious encourages the Trade Federation to build an army of battle droids in preparation for the invasion of Naboo. Cloak of Deception also focuses on Palpatine's early political career, revealing how he becomes a confidante of Supreme Chancellor Finis Valorum and acquainted with Padm� Amidala, newly elected queen of Naboo. Palpatine's role during the Clone Wars as Supreme Chancellor and Darth Sidious is explained in novels such as Matthew Stover's Shatterpoint (2003), Steven Barnes' The Cestus Deception (2004), Sean Stewart's Yoda: Dark Rendezvous (2004), and Luceno's Labyrinth of Evil (2005). Following the theatrical release of Revenge of the Sith, Star Wars literature focused on Palpatine's role after the creation of the Empire. John Ostrander's comic Star Wars Republic 78: Loyalties (2005) chronicles how, shortly after seizing power, Emperor Palpatine sends Darth Vader to assassinate Sagoro Autem, an Imperial captain who wants nothing to do with the new government and plans to defect. In Luceno's novel Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader (2005), set shortly after Revenge of the Sith, the Emperor sends Darth Vader to the planet Murkhana to discover why clone troopers there refused to carry out Order 66 against their Jedi generals. Palpatine hopes these early missions will teach Vader what it means to be a Sith and crush any remnants of Anakin Skywalker. Characteristics In Star Wars fiction, Palpatine is a manipulative politician, a ruthless emperor, and an evil Sith Lord. The Star Wars Databank describes him as "the supreme ruler of the most powerful tyrannical regime the galaxy had ever witnessed" and Stephen J. Sansweet's Star Wars Encyclopedia calls him "evil incarnate." As a Senator, Palpatine is "unassuming yet ambitious". In Cloak of Deception, James Luceno writes that Palpatine carefully guards his privacy and "others found his reclusiveness intriguing, as if he led a secret life". Despite this, he has many allies in the government. Luceno writes, "What Palpatine lacked in charisma, he made up for in candor, and it was that directness that had led to his widespread appeal in the senate. ... For in his heart he judged the universe on his own terms, with a clear sense of right and wrong." In Terry Brooks' novelization of The Phantom Menace, Senator Palpatine claims to embrace democratic principles. He tells Queen Amidala, "I promise, Your Majesty, if I am elected [Supreme Chancellor], I will restore democracy to the Republic. I will put an end to the corruption that has plagued the Senate." A Visual Dictionary states that he is a self-proclaimed savior. As Emperor, however, Palpatine abandons any semblance of democracy, as noted in A New Hope, when he abolishes the Imperial Senate. Sansweet states, "His Empire ... is based on tyranny, hatred of nonhumans, brutal and lethal force, and, above all else, constant fear." In Matthew Stover's novelization of Revenge of the Sith, Count Dooku anticipates the coming of the new government: "A government clean, pure, direct: none of the messy scramble for the favor of ignorant rabble and subhuman creatures that made up the Republic he so despised. The government he would serve would be Authority personified. Human authority." The apprentice of Darth Plagueis, Palpatine is "the most powerful practitioner of the Sith ways in modern times." Palpatine is so powerful that he is able to mask his true identity from the Jedi. In the novel Shatterpoint, Mace Windu remarks to Yoda, "A shame [Palpatine] can't touch the Force. He might have been a fine Jedi." The Star Wars Databank moreover explains that the Force "granted him inhuman dexterity and speed, agility enough to quickly kill three Jedi Masters" (as depicted in Revenge of the Sith). Stover describes the duel between Yoda and Palpatine in his novelization of Revenge of the Sith thus: "From the shadow of a black wing, a small weapon ... slid into a withered hand and spat a flame-colored blade[.] When the blades met it was more than Yoda against Palpatine, more the millennia of Sith against the legions of Jedi; this was the expression of the fundamental conflict of the universe itself. Light against dark. Winner take all." During the duel, Yoda realizes that Palpatine is in fact a superior warrior, and that he represents a small but powerful Sith Order that had changed and evolved over the years, while the Jedi had not: "He had lost before he started." According to the Databank and New Essential Guide to Characters, Palpatine possesses great patience and his maneuverings are as a dejarik grandmaster moves pieces on a board. He is depicted as a diabolical genius. Character creation Lucas' conceptualization of Palpatine and the role the character plays in Star Wars changed over time. From Return of the Jedi onwards, Palpatine became the ultimate personification of evil in Star Wars, replacing Darth Vader as the central villain. When the original Star Wars trilogy was filmed, the Emperor was unnamed and his throne-world unidentified. Though it would not be used in film until the prequel trilogy, the first mention of the name Palpatine came from the prologue of Alan Dean Foster's 1976 A New Hope novelization, which detailed the Emperor's rise to power. Foster writes, Aided and abetted by restless, power-hungry individuals within the government, and the massive organs of commerce, the ambitious Senator Palpatine caused himself to be elected President of the Republic. He promised to reunite the disaffected among the people and to restore the remembered glory of the Republic. Once secure in office he declared himself Emperor, shutting himself away from the populace. Soon he was controlled by the very assistants and boot-lickers he had appointed to high office, and the cries of the people for justice did not reach his ears. However, it is unclear whether Lucas intended Palpatine to be the reigning Emperor or just the first of a succession of Emperors. Michael Kaminski, author of The Secret History of Star Wars, claims that Lucas' initial notes discuss a line of corrupt Emperors, not just one. If Palpatine was the first, Kaminski infers, he would therefore not be the current. Later Lucas would abandon this idea, opting instead to focus on a sole villainous ruler. During story conferences for The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas and Leigh Brackett decided that "the Emperor and the Force had to be the two main concerns in the [Empire Strikes Back]; the Emperor had barely been dealt with in the first movie, and the intention in the sequel was to deal with him on a more concrete level." Lucas ultimately decided instead to feature the Emperor in Return of the Jedi. In that film, the initial conception of Palpatine was superseded by his depiction as a powerful, dictatorial ruler adept in the dark side of the Force. The Emperor was inspired by the villain Ming the Merciless from the Flash Gordon comic books. Lucas explained in an interview that he also patterned the Emperor after several historical figures, including Julius Caesar, Joseph Stalin, Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolf Hitler, Richard Nixon and Ferdinand Marcos. Lucas said, "The whole point of the movies, the underlying element that makes the movies work, is that you, whether you go backwards or forwards, you start out in a democracy, and democracy turns into a dictatorship, and then the rebels make it back into a democracy." Lucas wanted to establish the Emperor as the true source of evil in Star Wars. Screenwriter Lawrence Kasdan noted, "My sense of the relationship [between Darth Vader and the Emperor] is that the Emperor is much more powerful ... and that Vader is very much intimidated by him. Vader has dignity, but the Emperor in Jedi really has all the power." He explained that the climax of the film is a confrontation between Darth Vader and his master. In the first scene that shows the Emperor, he arrives at the Death Star and is greeted by a host of stormtroopers, technicians, and other personnel. Lucas states he wanted it to look like the military parades on "May Day in Russia." Lucas fleshed out the Emperor in the prequel films. According to Lucas, Palpatine's role in The Phantom Menace is to explain "how Anakin Skywalker came to be [Palpatine's] apprentice" and the events that lead to his rise to power. The true identity of Darth Sidious � the phantom menace � is left a mystery, and his relationship to Palpatine is not clear, though popular consensus agreed that Darth Sidious and Palpatine were one and the same. Film critic Jonathan L. Bowen remarks, "Debates raged on the Internet concerning the relationship between Darth Sidious and Senator Palpatine. Most fans believed the two characters are actually the same person with logic seeming to support their conclusion." Bowen notes that the debate was fueled by the fact that "suspiciously Darth Sidious does not appear in the credits." Portrayal The Emperor in The Empire Strikes Back portrayed by Elaine Baker, voiced by Clive Revill. When the Emperor first appeared in The Empire Strikes Back, he was portrayed by Elaine Baker, the wife of make-up designer Rick Baker. Chimpanzee eyes were superimposed into darkened eye sockets during post-production "in order to create a truly unsettling image". The character was voiced by Clive Revill. "With Kershner," Revill said, "you had to keep the reins tight � you couldn't go overboard. It was the perfect example of the old adage 'less is more' � the Emperor doesn't say very much. But when he finally appears, it's at a point in the saga when everyone's waiting to see him. It's the Emperor, the arch villain of all time, and when he says there's a great disturbance in the Force, I mean, that's enough oomph!" Years later, during production of Revenge of the Sith, Lucas decided to shoot new footage for Empire Strikes Back to create continuity between the prequels and original trilogy. Thus, in the 2004 DVD release of The Empire Strikes Back Special Edition, the original version of the Emperor was replaced by McDiarmid, and the dialogue between the Emperor and Darth Vader was revised. Lucas and Return of the Jedi director Richard Marquand cast Scottish actor Ian McDiarmid to play Emperor Palpatine. He was in his late-30s and had never played a leading role in a feature film, though he had made minor appearances in films like Dragonslayer (1981). After Return of the Jedi, he resumed stage acting in London. In an interview with BackStage, McDiarmid revealed that he "never had his sights set on a film career and never even auditioned for the role of Palpatine." He elaborated, "I got called in for the interview after a Return of the Jedi casting director saw me perform in the Sam Shepard play Seduced at a studio theatre at the Royal Court. I was playing a dying Howard Hughes." McDiarmid was surprised when Lucas approached him 16 years after Return of the Jedi to reprise the role of Palpatine. In an interview, he stated, "When we were doing Return of the Jedi there was a rumor that George Lucas had nine films in his head, and he'd clearly just completed three of them." McDiarmid added, "Someone said that, 'Oh, I think what he might do next is go back in time, and show how Vader came to be.' It never occurred to me in a million years that I would be involved in that, because I thought, 'oh well, then he'll get a much younger actor [to play Palpatine].' That would be obvious." However, "I was the right age, ironically, for the first prequel when it was made. ... So I was in the very strange and rather wonderful paradox of playing myself when young at my own age, having played myself previously when 100-and-I-don't-know-what." Recalling the initial days of shooting The Phantom Menace, McDiarmid stated, "Stepping onto the set of Episode I for the first time was like going back in time, due to my experience in Jedi. Palpatine's an interesting character; he's conventional on the outside, but demonic on the inside � he's on the edge, trying to go beyond what's possible." McDiarmid added another layer to the character in Attack of the Clones. He noted, "[Palpatine] is a supreme actor. He has to be even more convincing than somebody who isn't behaving in a schizophrenic fashion, so he's extra charming, or extra professional � and for those who are looking for clues, that's almost where you can see them." McDiarmid illuminated on the scene where Padm� Amidala is almost assassinated: There's a moment in one scene of the new film where tears almost appear in his eye. These are crocodile tears, but for all those in the movie, and perhaps watching the movie itself, they'll see he is apparently moved � and of course, he is. He can just do it. He can, as it were, turn it on. And I suppose for him, it's also a bit of a turn-on � the pure exercise of power is what he's all about. That's the only thing he's interested in and the only thing that can satisfy him � which makes him completely fascinating to play, because it is an evil soul. He is more evil than the devil. At least Satan fell � he has a history, and it's one of revenge. In Revenge of the Sith, McDiarmid played a darker interpretation of the character. He explained that "[...]when you're playing a character of solid blackness, that in itself is very interesting, in the sense that you have no other motivation other than the accumulation of power. It's not so much about not having a moral center, it's just that the only thing that mattered is increasing power." He admitted, "I've been trying to find a redeeming feature to Palpatine, and the only one I've got so far is that he's clearly a patron of the arts because he goes to the opera." McDiarmid compared the character to Iago from Shakespeare's Othello: Everything he does is an act of pure hypocrisy, and that's interesting to play. I suppose it's rather like playing Iago. All the characters in the play � including Othello until the end � think that "Honest Iago" is a decent guy doing his job, and he's quite liked. But at the same time there's a tremendous evil subconscious in operation. McDiarmid noticed that the script for Revenge of the Sith demanded more action from his character than in previous films. Lightsaber combat was a challenge to the 60-year-old actor, who, like his costars, took fencing lessons. The close-up shots and non-acrobatic sequences of the duel between Palpatine and Mace Windu were performed by McDiarmid. Advanced fencing and acrobatic stunts were executed by McDiarmid's doubles, Michael Byrne, Sebastian Dickins, and Bob Bowles. McDiarmid's performance as Palpatine was generally well-received by critics. Todd McCarthy of Variety commented, "Entertaining from start to finish and even enthralling at times, 'Sith' has some acting worth writing home about, specifically McDiarmid's dominant turn as the mastermind of the evil empire." A reviewer for The Village Voice wrote that "Ian McDiarmid's unctuous Emperor turns appropriately vampiric as he attempts to draw Anakin into the Sith fold with promises of eternal life." Still, his performance was not without detractors; David Edelstein of Slate critiqued, "McDiarmid isn't the subtlest of satanic tempters. With his lisp and his clammy little leer, he looks like an old queen keen on trading an aging butt-boy (Count Dooku) for fresh meat � which leaves Anakin looking more and more like a 15-watt bulb." Make-up and costumes Ian McDiarmid required little make-up in The Phantom Menace and Attack of the Clones. He recalled, "I'm ... slightly aged [in Attack of the Clones]. In the last film, I had a fairly standard make-up on, but now, they're starting to crinkle my face." Transforming McDiarmid into Emperor Palpatine in Return of the Jedi and Revenge of the Sith, however, required extensive make-up. McDiarmid remarked in an interview with Star Wars Insider magazine, "Yes�that was a four-hour job, initially, although we got it down to about two-and-a-half in the end. But this was just a little bit of latex here and there, a little bit of skin-scrunching." He told the Homing Beacon newsletter, "When my face changes in the film, my mind went back to the early silent movie of The Phantom of the Opera with Lon Chaney." Film critic Roger Ebert wrote that he "looks uncannily like Death in The Seventh Seal" (1957) and film historian Robin Wood compares him to the witch from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Palpatine's wardrobe, tailored by costume designer Trisha Biggar, played an important part in the development of the character throughout the films. In Attack of the Clones, explained McDiarmid, "The costumes ... have got much more edge to them, I think, than the mere Senator had [in The Phantom Menace]. So we see the trappings of power." In the next episode, McDiarmid remarked, "To wear the costumes as the character I play is wonderfully empowering." McDiarmid's favorite costume in Revenge of the Sith was a high-collared jacket that resembles snake or lizard skin. He stated that "it just feels reptilian, which is exactly right for [Palpatine]." According to Trisha Biggar, Palpatine's costumes proved the most daunting challenge. She said, "His six costumes get progressively darker and more ornately decorated throughout the movie. He wears greys and browns, almost going to black, taking him toward the dark side." [edit] Popular culture With the premiere of Return of the Jedi and the prequel films and the accompanying merchandising campaign, Palpatine became an icon in American popular culture. Kenner/Hasbro produced and marketed a series of action figures of the character from 1983 to 2005. According to John Shelton Lawrence and Robert Jewett, "These action figures allow children ('4 & up') to handle the symbols of the Force." Academics have debated the relationship of Palpatine to modern culture. Religion scholars Ross Shepard Kraemer, William Cassidy, and Susan Schwartz compare Palpatine and Star Wars heroes to the theological concept of dualism. They insist, "One can certainly picture the evil emperor in Star Wars as Satan, complete with his infernal powers, leading his faceless minions such as his red-robed Imperial Guards." Lawrence and Jewett argue that the killing of Palpatine in Return of the Jedi represented "the permanent subduing of evil". Palpatine's role in popular culture extends beyond the Star Wars universe. Since the release of Return of the Jedi, Palpatine has become synonymous in American mass media with evil, deception, manipulation, and power. The character is used as a literary device�either as a simile or metaphor�to emphasize these traits. For example, one of the characters from Orland Outland's novel Every Man for Himself (1999) is described as "rubbing his hands together in imitation of the emperor in Return of the Jedi." He says, "Everything is happening exactly as I have foreseen!" In film and television, Palpatine's likeness is similarly used as a parody. Animated television series such as The Simpsons, American Dad!, South Park, Robot Chicken, and Family Guy have employed Palpatine's image to satirize characters and public figures. For instance, "Deacon Stan, Jesus Man," an episode of American Dad! portrays George W. Bush's then-current senior advisor, Karl Rove, as Palpatine from Revenge of the Sith. The main character, Stan Smith, uses Rove to help him become a deacon at his church through deceit. In Fanboy and Chum Chum, there is a parody of him called Janitor Poopatine. In the Family Guy episode "The Cleveland-Loretta Quagmire" just when Cleveland is about to kill Quagmire with a baseball bat he looks at the Griffin family's shocked faces and then at Palpatine who encourages him to let the hate flow through him, however he is pushed to the ground by Lois saying "You're not helping!". Since Return of the Jedi and the prequel films, Palpatine's name has been invoked as a caricature in politics. The liberal website BuzzFlash remarked in 2004, "When we saw ... [Senator] Zell Miller [of Georgia] giving his invective at the RNC, we knew it reminded us of someone. We just couldn't place it until we realized it was the hate in Zell's eyes, his skin and the way it looks like that hate is eating his soul. Then we remembered: he reminded us of the evil Emperor Palpatine from Star Wars. (We didn't know the Emperor had a name until this morning.)" A Seattle Post-Intelligencer editorial noted that anti-pork bloggers were caricaturing West Virginia senator Robert Byrd as "the Emperor Palpatine of pork" with Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska having "clear aspirations to be his Darth Vader." The charge followed a report that linked a secret hold on the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 to the two senators. Politicians have made comparisons as well. In 2005, Democratic Senator Frank Lautenberg of New Jersey compared Republican Majority Leader Bill Frist of Tennessee to Palpatine in a speech on the Senate floor, complete with a visual aid. A Fox News editorial stated "no cultural icon can exist without someone trying to stuff it into a political ideology. The Star Wars saga, the greatest pop culture icon of the last three decades, is no exception... Palpatine's dissolution of the Senate in favor of imperial rule has been compared to Julius Caesar's marginalization of the Roman Senate, Hitler's power-grab as chancellor, and FDR's court-packing scheme and creation of the imperial presidency." Palpatine was ranked third greatest villain by Wizard magazine on its "100 Greatest Villains of All Time" list.   (IMG: http://thefreeonline.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/burns.jpg ) (5 of 16 lists - 86 points - highest ranking #1 kjshoe05) Charles Montgomery "Monty" Burns, usually referred to as Mr. Burns, is a recurring fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons, who is voiced by Harry Shearer and previously Christopher Collins. Burns is the evil owner of the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant and is Homer Simpson's boss. He is attended at almost all times by Waylon Smithers, his loyal and sycophantic aide, advisor, confidant and secret admirer. Although originally conceived as a one-dimensional, recurring villain who might occasionally enter the Simpsons' lives and wreak some sort of havoc, Burns' popularity has led to his repeated inclusion in episodes. He is a stereotype of Corporate America in his unquenchable desire to increase his own wealth and power, inability to remember his employees' names (including Homer's, despite frequent interactions - which has become something of a recurrent joke) and lack of concern for their safety and well-being. Reflecting his advanced age, Burns is given to expressing dated humor, making references to pre-1950 popular culture, and aspiring to apply obsolete technology to everyday life. Burns' trademark expression is the word "Excellent", muttered slowly in a low, sinister voice while tenting his fingertips. He frequently orders Smithers to "release the hounds", so as to let his vicious guard dogs attack any intruders, enemies or even invited guests. Mr. Burns is Springfield's richest and most powerful citizen (and also the richest person in Springfield's state; his current net worth has been given as $1.3 billion by Forbes, though it fluctuates wildly depending on the episode). He uses his power and wealth to do whatever he wants, usually without regard for consequences and without interference from the authorities. These qualities led Wizard Magazine to rate him the 45th greatest villain of all time. Role in The Simpsons Mr. Burns spends his time in his office, at the nuclear plant, monitoring his workers via closed circuit cameras. At a young age, Burns left his family to live with his grandfather, a twisted and heartless billionaire who owned an atom mill in Shelbyville. He lived a life of privilege and would amuse himself by injuring immigrant laborers. Burns later attended Yale University, where he studied both science and business, and graduated. At his 25-year college reunion, he became romantically involved with the daughter of an old flame. She would later bear his child, Larry Burns, who was given up for adoption and would later enter Mr. Burns' life briefly. Burns has been engaged at least three times: to a woman named Gertrude who died of loneliness and rabies, to Marge Simpson's mother Jacqueline Bouvier, and to a meter maid named Gloria. Burns enlisted in the United States Army during World War II, and served as a member of Springfield's Flying Hellfish squad under Master Sergeant Abraham Simpson and saw action in the Ardennes during the Battle of the Bulge. Later on he was shipped to the Pacific Theater and was a co-pilot along with Abe Simpson and his brother, Cyrus. Burns and Abe were shot down by a kamikaze and stuck on an island. At the end of World War II he was personally hired by President Harry S. Truman to transport a specially printed trillion-dollar bill to Europe as the United States' contribution to the reconstruction of Europe. As the United States' richest citizen, Burns was thought to be the most trustworthy. Burns absconded with the bill and kept it in his possession for many years until it was lost to Fidel Castro in "The Trouble with Trillions". Burns was once indicated to have been a homosexual, and has in his office a "Corpse Hatch", which he refers to smoothly as an "Innocence Tube". In "Homer the Smithers", it is revealed that Burns' mother is still alive at 122 years old, although Burns dislikes speaking to her, because she had an affair with President William Howard Taft and she in turn refers to him as an "improvident lackwit". Burns resides in a vast, ornate mansion on an immense estate called Burns Manor. It is protected by a high wall, an electrified fence, and a pack of vicious attack dogs known as "The Hounds". Burns routinely subjects Springfield and its residents to his abuse and, as a result, there is a general dislike of him throughout the town. Burns has blackmailed and bribed various officials in Springfield, including Mayor Quimby and its nuclear safety inspectors. He employed his wealth to make an ultimately unsuccessful run for state governor, to be denied his chance to be Governor by Marge Simpson. He once blocked out the sun to force Springfield residents to increase their use of electricity produced by his nuclear plant and was subsequently shot by Maggie. Burns' extreme old age is a frequent source of humor on the show. He is occasionally referred to as "Springfield's oldest resident"; in Season 2's Simpson and Delilah, he told Homer that he is 81, although in several other episodes, he is shown to be 104. When Smithers informs him that Burns' credit card PIN is his age, he types four digits in his answer. His Social Security number is 000-00-0002, second only to President Roosevelt. When Lisa Simpson is researching her ancestors from the American Civil War, she comes across a Mr. Burns in the journal, presumably one of Mr. Burns' ancestors. However, when Lisa mentions him, Burns replies by saying he hasn't heard his father's name in years. In other episodes, his birth place is apparently Pangea, his national anthem implies he originates from Austria-Hungary, and he mentions the possibility of an update on the Siege of Khartoum, implying that he was aware of current events as early as 1884. In other episodes, he has instructed a postal clerk to send a telegram to the Prussian consulate in Siam, and believes a nickel will buy "a steak and kidney pie, a cup of coffee, a slice of cheesecake and a newsreel, with enough change left over to ride the trolley from Battery Park to the Polo Grounds.� Burns' state of mind is the subject of frequent jokes on the show. At times, he appears to be completely removed from reality and modern conventions. He continually fails to recognize Homer Simpson or remember his name, even though many of the recent major events in Burns' life have involved Homer in some way. Burns is, for the most part, unaware of the townspeople's general dislike of him. He also displays mannerisms which are considered outdated, such as practicing phrenology, writing with a quill pen, and using an antique view camera to take photographs. Burns refers to many celebrities of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in present tense, assuming they are still alive. In "Homer at the Bat", Burns instructs Smithers to recruit dead ball era players, such as Honus Wagner and Cap Anson for the plant's softball team, and has to be told that all of them died long ago. However, despite his obvious senility and social ineptitude, Mr. Burns is an extraordinarily clever bussinessman, as he has lost his fortune several times, only to regain it a very brief time later. In the episode The Old Man and Lisa, Burns loses his fortune, and regains it by opening a recycling plant, which allows him to regain his Nuclear Power Plant. Burns is physically weak, and often shown to have little more strength than an infant. In "Rosebud" and "Who Shot Mr. Burns?", he needed a great deal of effort to wrench items from Maggie. He has difficulty performing such simple actions as giving a thumbs-up, and crushing an insect by stepping on it. He pitched the opening baseball at a game in "Dancin' Homer", but was only able to throw it a tiny distance, which drew mocking laughter from the crowd. Similarly, when Burns joined Homer's ten pin bowling team in Team Homer, he was barely able to roll the ball down the lane. He also had a teddy bear named "Bobo" that he loved as a child, revealed in the episode "Rosebud". The stuffed animal was lost and eventually the stuffed bear became a toy for Maggie. In "American History X-cellent", Burns gets sent to jail because he is in possession of stolen paintings. In the same episode, it is implied that he was once in the Schutzstaffel. Character Creation Burns's character, appearance, and mannerisms are based on several different people. The show's creator Matt Groening principally based Burns on his high school teacher Mr. Bailey. Drawing further inspiration from oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, David Rockefeller and fictional character Henry Potter from It's a Wonderful Life, Groening made Burns the "embodiment of corporate greed". Animator David Silverman parodied Burns's appearance on Fox founder Barry Diller, and modeled his body on a praying mantis. The idea of Burns reading employee names off cards in "There's No Disgrace Like Home" came from an article about Ronald Reagan that writer Al Jean had read. In some episodes, parallels have been drawn between Burns and moguls such as Howard Hughes and, more frequently, fictional character Charles Foster Kane from Citizen Kane. Writer George Meyer lifted Burns's "Excellent!" hand gesture from his former Saturday Night Live colleague Jim Downey. While perhaps not intentional, Mr Burns' physical characteristics and mannerisms are cited as a modern example of the Commedia dell'arte character Pantalone. Matt Groening got Burns' middle name from a Montgomery Ward department store in Portland, Oregon's Northwest Industrial district and his surname from Burnside Street, a main thoroughfare in Portland. Burns' first name being Charles is a reference to Charles Foster Kane. In the script for "There's No Disgrace Like Home", Al Jean and Mike Reiss referred to him as "Mr. Meanie". Coincidentally, the 19th century businessman and founder of Barnes & Noble was called Charles Montgomery Barnes (1833�1907). In the second season, the writers started to enjoy writing about Smithers and Burns's relationship, and they often pitched episodes with them as the focus, but many never came to fruition. In the 2011 episode Flaming Moe, it was shown for his last will and testament that his full legal name is Charles Montgomery Plantagenet Schicklgruber Burns. The names Plantagenet and Schicklgruber indicate a mix of English royal blood (see House of Plantagenet) with that of Adolf Hitler's lineage (see Alois Schicklgruber). Voice Harry Shearer modeled his voice for Burns on Lionel Barrymore and Ronald Reagan. Burns was originally voiced by actor Christopher Collins in the episode "Homer's Odyssey". He was soon replaced by Harry Shearer, who has voiced the character ever since. He modeled the voice on Lionel Barrymore and Ronald Reagan. Shearer is also the voice of Smithers and is able to perform dialogue between the two characters in one take. Shearer said that Burns is the most difficult character for him to voice because it is rough on his vocal cords and he often needs to drink tea and honey to soothe his voice. He describes Burns as his favorite character, saying he "like[s] Mr. Burns because he is pure evil. A lot of evil people make the mistake of diluting it. Never adulterate your evil." Reception In 2006, Wizard magazine rated Burns the 45th greatest villain of all time. In a 2007 article, Entertainment Weekly named Smithers the 16th greatest sidekick of all time. They also described Smithers and Burns as being "TV's most functional dysfunctional couple". In a 2003 article, EW also named "Last Exit to Springfield" the greatest episode of The Simpsons. Other episodes which feature Burns placed on the list, including "Rosebud", at number two, and the "Who Shot Mr. Burns?" two-part episode, at number 25. Vanity Fair placed "Rosebud" first on their list of the top 25 The Simpsons episodes. Forbes estimates Burns's net worth at $1.3 billion, placing 12th on the 2008 Forbes Fictional 15 list. Burns has been on the list since 1989 and has previously placed fifth in 2005, second in 2006 and sixth in 2007 when he was estimated to be worth $16.8 billion. Burns's evil has made him a popular example of terrible television bosses. In 2006, outplacement firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas released a report saying that Burns was one of the eight worst bosses on television. The News & Observer named Burns the third worst boss, calling him "heartless, greedy and exceptionally ugly, Mr. Burns makes Ebenezer Scrooge seem downright lovely." In the run-up to the New York City's 2009 mayoral election, several posters appeared throughout the city, showing Burns and accompanied by the words "No Third Terms, Vote for Burns" � a reference to Mayor Michael Bloomberg's unprecedented run for a third term that year�in the style of Shepard Fairey's Obama poster. The city's Board of Elections announced that December that Burns had received 27 write in votes out of 299 write in votes cast. In the first episode of the sixth season of American Dad TV Show, in the opening scene, Roger is disguised as the Crypt Keeper from Tales from the Crypt, and is talking about The Simpsons episode "Who Shot Mr. Burns?".   (IMG: http://www.wearysloth.com/Gallery/ActorsR/14652-5002.gif ) (6 of 16 lists - 86 points - highest ranking #4 Balta1701) German terrorist Hans Gruber (Alan Rickman) and his band of thieves took over Nakatomi Tower and held the entire company hostage. Hans Gruber was quite the mastermind, though, assembling a team capable of breaking through a number of high-level security measures to infiltrate the main vault in search of hundreds of millions of dollars of negotiable bearer bonds. On the way, he personally killed Joseph Takagi, the company CEO, and was deft enough to keep both the hostages and his own crew together while distractions like McClane were running around the building screwing things up for him. At one point, Hans would find himself on the wrong side of the building, coming face-to-face with McClane himself and pretending to be a company employee. It wasn't entirely believable, but it was strong enough to buy himself the opportunity to get back with his German compadres. It was Hans Gruber who anticipated the FBI shutting down the building's power, thereby allowing his gang to open the vault. It was Hans Gruber who told his right-hand man Karl to "shoot the glass," inflicting further injury to McClane. And it was Hans Gruber who discovered McClane's wife was among the hostages, setting up a showdown between the thief and the cop with her caught in the middle. Unfortunately, it was Hans Gruber who fell out a window, ending his felonous plans, and setting up a little revenge story we like to call Die Hard with a Vengeance.   (IMG: http://ticketsthere.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/michael-myers.jpg ) (5 of 16 lists - 93 points - highest ranking #2 GoSox05) Michael Myers is a fictional character from the Halloween series of slasher films. He first appears in John Carpenter's Halloween (1978) as a young boy who murders his older sister, then fifteen years later returns home to murder more teenagers. In the original Halloween, the adult Michael Myers, referred to as The Shape in the closing credits, was portrayed by Nick Castle for most of the film, with Tony Moran and Tommy Lee Wallace substituting in during the final scenes. He was created by Debra Hill and John Carpenter. Michael Myers has appeared in ten films, as well as novels, a video game and several comic books. The character is the primary antagonist in the Halloween film series, except Halloween III: Season of the Witch, which is not connected in continuity to the rest of the films. Since Castle, Moran, and Wallace put on the mask in the original film, six people have stepped into the role. Tyler Mane is the only actor to have portrayed Michael Myers in consecutive films, and one of only two actors to portray the character more than once. Michael Myers is characterized as pure evil, both directly in the films, by the filmmakers who created and developed the character over nine films, as well as by random participants in a survey. Appearances Michael Myers is the primary antagonist in all of the Halloween films, with the exception of Halloween III: Season of the Witch, as that film did not feature any of the characters from the original two films and had nothing to do with Michael Myers. Michael would return immediately following Halloween III, in the aptly titled Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers. The silver screen is not the only place Michael Myers has appeared; there have been literary sources that have expanded the universe of Michael. Films Michael Myers made his first appearance in the original 1978 film, Halloween, although the masked character is credited as "The Shape" in the first two films. In the beginning of Halloween, a six-year-old Michael (Will Sandin) murders his teenage sister Judith (Sandy Johnson) on Halloween. Fifteen years later, Michael (Nick Castle) escapes Smith's Grove Sanitarium and returns to his hometown of Haddonfield, Illinois. He stalks teenage babysitter Laurie Strode (Jamie Lee Curtis) on Halloween, while his psychiatrist Dr. Sam Loomis (Donald Pleasence) attempts to track him down. Murdering her friends, Michael finally attacks Laurie, but she manages to fend him off long enough for Loomis to save her. Loomis shoots Michael six times in the chest, before Michael falls over the house's second-story balcony ledge; when Loomis goes to check Michael's body, he finds it missing. Michael returns in the sequel, Halloween II (1981). The film picks up directly where the original ends, with Loomis (Pleasence) still looking for Michael's body. Michael (Dick Warlock) follows Laurie Strode (Curtis) to the local hospital, where he wanders the halls in search of her, killing security guards, doctors and nurses that get in his way. Loomis learns that Laurie Strode is Michael's younger sister, and rushes to the hospital to find them. He causes an explosion in the operating theater, allowing Laurie to escape as he and Michael are engulfed by the flames. Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers (1988) picks the story up ten years after the events of Halloween II. Michael (George P. Wilbur) and Dr. Loomis (Pleasence) are revealed to have survived the explosion, although Michael has been in a coma at the Ridgemont Federal Sanitarium for a decade. Michael wakes from his coma when he learns Laurie Strode has died, but also learns that she has a seven-year-old daughter, Jamie Lloyd (Danielle Harris). Returning to Haddonfield, he causes a city-wide blackout and massacres the town's police force, before being shot down a mine shaft by the state police. Halloween 5: The Revenge of Michael Myers (1989) begins immediately after the fourth film ends, with Michael Myers (Donald L. Shanks) escaping the mine shaft and being nursed back to health by a local hermit. The next year, Michael kills the hermit and returns to Haddonfield to find Jamie (Harris) again, chasing her through his childhood home in a trap set up by Loomis (Pleasence). Michael is eventually captured and taken to the local police station, but an unseen figure kills the officers and frees him. Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995) takes place six years after the events of The Revenge of Michael Myers; both Jamie (J. C. Brandy) and Michael (Wilbur) have disappeared from Haddonfield. Jamie has been kidnapped and impregnated by the Cult of Thorn, led by Dr. Terence Wynn (Mitch Ryan), Loomis' friend and colleague from Smith's Grove. Wynn is revealed to have been manipulating Michael Myers all along, and was his mysterious savior in Halloween 5. Michael kills Jamie, but not before she hides her newborn, who is discovered and taken in by Tommy Doyle (Paul Stephen Rudd). While trying to protect the baby from Michael and Wynn, Tommy learns that the Curse of Thorn may be the cause of Michael's obsession with killing his entire family, in addition to his seemingly supernatural abilities. Ignoring the events of the previous three films, Halloween H20: 20 Years Later (1998) establishes that Michael Myers (Chris Durand) has been missing since the explosion in 1978. Laurie Strode (Curtis) has faked her death to escape her brother, and is now living in California under an assumed name with her teenage son John (Josh Hartnett). On the twentieth anniversary of their last meeting, Michael tracks Laurie and her son to the private boarding school where she is headmistress, and murders John's friends. Getting her son to safety, Laurie willingly goes back to face Michael, and succeeds in decapitating him. Halloween: Resurrection (2002), which picks up three years after H20, retcons Michael's death, establishing that the man Laurie decapitated was a paramedic whom Michael had attacked and swapped clothes with. Michael (Brad Loree) tracks down an institutionalized Laurie (Curtis) and kills her. Returning to Haddonfield, he finds and kills a group of college students filming an internet reality show inside his childhood home. Contestant Sara Moyer (Bianca Kajlich) and show producer Freddie Harris (Busta Rhymes) escape by trapping Michael in a burning garage. A new version of Michael Myers appears in Rob Zombie's Halloween (2007), a reimagining of the original film. The film follows the basic premise of the original film, with an increased focus on Michael's childhood: ten-year-old Michael (Daeg Faerch) is shown killing animals and suffering verbal abuse from Judith (Hanna R. Hall) and his mother's boyfriend Ronnie (William Forsythe), both of whom he later murders. During his time in Smith's Grove, Michael takes up the hobby of creating papier-m�ch� masks and receives unsuccessful therapy from Dr. Sam Loomis (Malcolm McDowell). As an adult, Michael (Tyler Mane) returns to Haddonfield to reunite with his beloved younger sister Laurie (Scout Taylor-Compton). Laurie, however, is terrified of him and ends up shooting him in self-defense. Zombie's story is continued in the sequel, Halloween II (2009), which picks right where the remake leaves off and then jumps ahead one year. Here, Michael (Mane) is presumed dead, but resurfaces after a vision of his deceased mother Deborah (Sheri Moon Zombie) informs him that he must track Laurie (Taylor-Compton) down so that they can "come home". In the film, Michael and Laurie have a mental link, with the two sharing visions of their mother. During the film's climax, Laurie apparently kills Michael by stabbing him repeatedly in the face and chest with his own knife. Literature Michael Myers made his literary debut in October 1979 when Curtis Richards released a novelization of the film. The book follows the events of the film, but expands on the festival of Samhain and Michael's time at Smith's Grove Sanitarium. Michael returned to the world of literature with the 1981 adaptation of Halloween II written by Jack Martin; it was published alongside the first film sequel, with the novel following the film events, with an additional victim, a reporter, added to the novel. The final novelization to feature Michael was Halloween IV, released October 1988. The novel was written by Nicholas Grabowsky, and like the previous adaptations, follows the events of Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers. Over a four month period, Berkley Books published three young adult novels written by Kelly O'Rourke; the novels are original stories created by O'Rourke, with no direct continuity with the films. The first, released on October 1, 1997, titled The Scream Factory, follows a group of friends who set up a haunted house attraction in the basement of Haddonfield City Hall, only to be stalked and killed by Michael Myers while they are there. The Old Myers Place is the second novel, released December 1, 1997, and focuses on Mary White, who moves into the Myers house with her family and takes up residence in Judith Myers' former bedroom. Michael returns home and begins stalking and attacking Mary and her friends. O'Rourke's final novel, The Mad House, was released on February 1, 1998. The Mad House features a young girl, Christine Ray, who joins a documentary film crew that travels to haunted locations; they are currently headed to Smith Grove Mental Hospital. The crew is quickly confronted by Michael Myers. The character's first break into comics came with a series of comics published by Brian Pulido's Chaos Comics. The first, simply titled Halloween, was intended to be a one-issue special, but eventually two sequels spawned: Halloween II: The Blackest Eyes and Halloween III: The Devil's Eyes. All of the stories were written by Phil Nutman, with Daniel Farrands�writer for Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers�assisting on the first issue; David Brewer and Justiniano worked on the illustrations. Tommy Doyle is the main protagonist in each of the issues, focusing on his attempts to kill Michael Myers. The first issue includes backstory on Michael's childhood, while the third picks up after the events of the film Halloween H20. In 2003, Michael appeared in the self-published comic One Good Scare, written by Stefan Hutchinson and illustrated by Peter Fielding. The main character in the comic is Lindsey Wallace, the young girl who first saw Michael Myers alongside Tommy Doyle in the original 1978 film. Hutchinson wanted to bring the character back to his roots, and away from the "lumbering Jason-clone" the film sequels had made him. On July 25, 2006, as an insert inside the DVD release of Halloween: 25 Years of Terror, the comic book Halloween: Autopsis was released. Written by Stefan Hutchinson and artwork by Marcus Smith and Nick Dismas, the story is about a photographer assigned to take pictures of Michael Myers. As the photographer, Carter, follows Dr. Loomis; he begins to take on Loomis's obsession himself, until finally meeting Michael Myers in person, which results in his death. In 2008, Devil's Due Publishing began releasing more Halloween comic books, starting with a four issue mini series, titled Halloween: Nightdance. Written by Stefan Hutchinson, Nightdance takes place in Russellville, and follows Michael's obsession with Lisa Thomas, a girl who reminds him of his sister Judith. Lisa is afraid of the dark after Michael trapped her in a basement for days, and years later, he starts sending her disturbing, child-like drawings and murdering those around her on Halloween. Meanwhile, Ryan Nichols is hunting Michael down after seeing him attack and kidnap his wife. In the end, Michael frames Ryan for the murders and buries Lisa alive. Hutchinson explains that Nightdance was an attempt to escape the dense continuity of the film series and recreate the tone of the 1978 film; Michael becomes inexplicably fixated on Lisa, just as he did with Laurie in the original Halloween, before the sequels established that a sibling bond was actually his motivation for stalking her. Included in the Nightdance trade paperback is the short prose story Charlie, which features Charlie Bowles, a Russellville serial killer who taps into the same evil force which motivates Michael Myers. To celebrate the anniversary of the Halloween series, Devil's Due released a one-shot comic entitled Halloween: 30 Years of Terror in August 2008, written by Hutchinson. An anthology collection inspired by John Carpenter's original film, Michael appears in various stories, tampering with Halloween candy, decapitating a beauty queen, tormenting Laurie Strode, and killing a school teacher. Characterization "I met this six year old child with this blank, pale, emotionless face, and the blackest eyes; the devil's eyes [�] I realized what was living behind that boy's eyes was purely and simply�evil." � Loomis' description of a young Michael was inspired by John Carpenter's experience with a real life mental patient. A common characterization is that Michael Myers is evil. John Carpenter has described the character as "almost a supernatural force - a force of nature. An evil force that's loose," a force that is "unkillable". Professor Nicholas Rogers elaborates, "Myers is depicted as a mythic, elusive bogeyman, one of superhuman strength who cannot be killed by bullets, stab wounds, or fire." Carpenter's inspiration for the "evil" that Michael would embody came when he was in college. While on a class trip at a mental institution in Kentucky, Carpenter visited "the most serious, mentally ill patients". Among those patients was a young boy around twelve to thirteen years-old. The boy gave this "schizophrenic stare", "a real evil stare", which Carpenter found "unsettling", "creepy", and "completely insane". Carpenter's experience would inspire the characterization Loomis would give of Michael to Sheriff Brackett in the original film. Debra Hill has stated the scene where Michael kills the Wallace's German Shepherd was done to illustrate how he is "really evil and deadly". The ending scene of Michael being shot six times, and then disappearing from the ground outside the house, was meant to terrify the imagination of the audience. Carpenter tried to keep the audience guessing as to who Michael Myers really is�he is gone, and everywhere at the same time; he is more than human; he may be supernatural, and no one knows how he got that way. To Carpenter, keeping the audience guessing was better than explaining away the character with "he's cursed by some..." For Josh Hartnett, who portrayed John Tate in Halloween H20, "it's that abstract, it's easier for me to be afraid of it. You know, someone who just kind of appears and, you know [mimics stabbing noise from Psycho] instead of an actual human who you think you can talk to. And no remorse, it's got no feelings, that's the most frightening, definitely." Richard Schickel, film critic for TIME, felt Michael was "irrational" and "really angry about something", having what Schickel referred to as "a kind of primitive, obsessed intelligence". Schickel considered this the "definition of a good monster", by making the character appear "less than human", but having enough intelligence "to be dangerous". "Michael Myers is enduring because he's pure evil." �Steve Miner Dominique Othenin-Girard attempted to have audiences "relate to 'Evil', to Michael Myers's 'ill' side". Girard wanted Michael to appear "more human [�] even vulnerable, with contradicting feelings inside of him". He illustrated these feelings with a scene where Michael removes his mask and sheds a tear. Girard explains, "Again, to humanize him, to give him a tear. If Evil or in this case our boogeyman knows pain, or love or demonstrate a feeling of regrets; he becomes even more scary to me if he pursue his malefic action. He shows an evil determination beyond his feelings. Dr. Loomis tries to reach his emotional side several times in [Halloween 5]. He thinks he could cure Michael through his feelings." Daniel Farrands, writer of The Curse of Michael Myers, describes the character as a "sexual deviant". According to him, the way Michael follows girls around and watches them contains a subtext of repressed sexuality. Farrands theorizes that, as a child, Michael became fixated on the murder of his sister Judith, and for his own twisted reasons felt the need to repeat that action over and over again, finding a sister-like figure in Laurie who excited him sexually. He also believes that by making Laurie, Michael's literal sister, the sequels took away from the simplicity and relatability of the original Halloween. Nevertheless, when writing Curse, Farrands was tasked with creating a mythology for Michael which defined his motives and why he couldn't be killed. He says, "He can't just be a man anymore, he's gone beyond that. He's mythical. He's supernatural. So, I took it from that standpoint that there's something else driving him. A force that goes beyond that five senses that has infected this boy's soul and now is driving him." As the script developed and more people became involved, Farrands admits that the film went too far in explaining Michael Myers and that he himself was not completely satisfied with the finished product. Michael does not speak in the films; the first time audiences ever hear his voice is in the 2007 remake. Michael speaks as a child during the beginning of the film, but while in Smith's Grove he stops talking completely. Rob Zombie originally planned to have the adult Michael speak to Laurie in the film's finale, simply saying his childhood nickname for her, "Boo". Zombie explained that this version was not used because he was afraid having the character talk at that point would demystify him too much, and because the act of Michael handing Laurie the photograph of them together was enough. Describing aspects of Michael Myers which he wanted to explore in the comic book Halloween: Nightdance, writer Stefan Hutchinson mentions the character's "bizarre and dark sense of humor", as seen when he wore a sheet over his head to trick a girl into thinking he was her boyfriend, and the satisfaction he gets from scaring the characters before he murders them, such as letting Laurie know he is stalking her. Hutchinson feels there is a perverse nature to Michael's actions: "see the difference between how he watches and pursues women to men". He also suggests that Michael Myers' hometown of Haddonfield is the cause of his behaviour, likening his situation to that of Jack the Ripper, citing Myers as a "product of normal surburbia - all the repressed emotion of fake Norman Rockwell smiles". Hutchinson describes Michael as a "monster of abjection". When asked his opinion of Rob Zombie's expansion on Michael's family life, Hutchinson says that explaining why Michael does what he does "[reduces] the character". That being said, Hutchinson explores the nature of evil in the short story Charlie�included in the Halloween Nightdance trade paperback�and says that Michael Myers spent fifteen years "attuning himself to this force to the point where he is, as Loomis says, 'pure evil'". Nightdance artist Tim Seeley describes the character's personality in John Carpenter's 1978 film as "a void", which allows the character to be more open to interpretation than the later sequels alloted him. He surmises that Michael embodies a part of everyone; a part people are afraid will one day "snap and knife someone", which lends to the fear that Michael creates on screen. A study was conducted by California State University's Media Psychology Lab, on the psychological appeal of movie monsters�Vampires, Freddy Krueger, Frankenstein's monster, Jason Voorhees, Godzilla, Chucky, Hannibal Lecter, King Kong, The Alien, and the shark from Jaws�which surveyed 1,166 people nationwide (United States), with ages ranging from 16 to 91. It was published in the Journal of Media Psychology. In the survey, Michael was considered to be the "embodiment of pure evil"; when compared to the other characters, Michael Myers was rated the highest. Michael was characterized lending to the understanding of insanity, being ranked second to Hannibal Lecter in this category; he also placed first as the character who shows audiences the "dark side of human nature". He was rated second in the category "monster enjoys killing" by the participants, and believed to have "superhuman strength". Michael was rated highest among the characters in the "monster is an outcast" category. In popular culture In Robot Chicken's nineteenth episode, "That Hurts Me", Michael Myers (voiced by Seth Green) appears as a housemate of "Horror Movie Big Brother", alongside other famous slasher movie killers such as Jason Voorhees, Ghostface, Freddy Krueger, Pinhead, and Leatherface. Myers is evicted from the house, and takes off his mask to reveal himself to be the comedian Mike Myers, and utters his Austin Powers catchphrase, "I feel randy, baby, yeah!" He then proceeds to kill the host. Michael appeared on the April 25, 2008 episode of Ghost Whisperer, starring Jennifer Love Hewitt, titled "Horror Show". Here, a spirit communicates with Hewitt's character by placing her in scenes from the deceased's favorite horror movies, and one of the scenes involved Michael Myers. The Cold Case episode "Bad Night" has the main characters reopening a 1978 murder case after new evidence indicates the victim was not killed by a mentally disturbed man who, after seeing Halloween in theatres, went on a killing spree dressed as Michael. Michael Myers makes a cameo appearance in Rob Zombie's The Haunted World of El Superbeasto, released on September 22, 2009. In the collection of short stories The Nightmares on Elm Street: Freddy Krueger's Seven Sweetest Dreams, a character, while looking through a book entitled Beasts Who Walk As Men: A Case History of America's Vilest Serial Killers, finds a page in it mentioning Michael, as well as Jason Voorhees and the Sawyer family. In one of the various merchandises to feature the character, Michael Myers made his video game debut with the 1983 Atari video game Halloween. The game is rare to find, often being played on emulators. No characters from the films are specifically named, with the goal of the game focusing on the player, who is a babysitter, protecting children from a "homicidal maniac [who] has escaped from a mental institution". Michael was one of several horror icons to be included in the 2009 version of Universal Studios Hollywood's Halloween Horror Nights event, as a part of a maze entitled Halloween: The Life and Crimes of Michael Myers.   (IMG: http://images.picturesdepot.com/photo/j/jaws_shark-25147.jpg ) (7 of 16 lists - 95 points - highest ranking #5 GoSox05) During an evening beach party on the fictional Amity Island in New England, Chrissie Watkins, a 23-year-old woman, leaves a beach party to go skinny dipping, only to be dragged back and forth violently and then under the water. Amity's police chief, Martin Brody, is notified that Christine is missing, and deputy Len Hendricks finds her remains on the beach. The medical examiner informs Brody that the death was due to a shark attack. A short time later, a boy is killed by a shark at the beach. The boy's mother places a bounty on the shark, sparking an amateur shark-hunting frenzy and attracting the attention of local professional shark hunter Quint. Brought in by Brody, marine biologist Matt Hooper examines Christine's remains and concludes she was killed by a shark, not a boat. A prank by two boys causes misguided panic and the real shark enters a nearby estuary, killing a man and causing Brody's son to go into shock after witnessing the attack. Brody convinces Vaughan to hire Quint. Quint reluctantly allows Hooper to join the hunt along with Brody. The three set out to catch or kill the shark aboard Quint's vessel, the Orca. Brody is given the task of laying a chum line while Quint uses fishing tackle to try to hook the shark. As Brody continues chumming, an enormous great white shark looms up behind the boat; the trio watch the great white circle the Orca while Hooper takes pictures of the shark for research purposes. They estimate it weighs 3 short tons (2.7 t) and is 25 feet (7.6 m) long. Quint harpoons the shark with a line attached to a flotation barrel, designed to prevent the shark from submerging and to track it on the surface, but the shark pulls the barrel under and disappears. The shark reappears, damaging the boat's hull before slipping away. In the morning, the men make repairs to the engine. Attempting to call the Coast Guard for help, Brody is stopped by Quint, who destroys the radio with a baseball bat. After a long chase Quint harpoons another barrel to the shark. The men tie the barrels to the stern, but the shark, after Quint harpoons it again adding a third barrel, drags the boat backwards, forcing water onto the deck and into the engine, flooding it. Quint is about to cut the ropes when the cleats are pulled off the stern. The shark continues attacking the boat and Quint heads toward shore with the shark in pursuit, hoping to draw the animal into shallow waters, where it will get beached and, once unable to swim, suffocate. In his obsession to kill the shark, Quint overtaxes Orca's engines, causing them to stall. With the boat immobilized, the trio try a desperate approach: Hooper dons his SCUBA gear and enters the ocean inside a shark proof cage in order to stab the shark in the mouth with a hypodermic spear filled with strychnine. When the shark attacks and begins destroying the cage, Hooper drops his spear. The shark gets tangled in the cage's remains, allowing Hooper to escape to the seabed. As Quint and Brody raise the remnants of the cage, the shark throws itself onto the boat, crushing the transom. As the boat sinks, Quint slides down the slippery deck into the shark's mouth and is eaten alive. Brody retreats to the boat's partly submerged cabin. When the shark attacks him there, he shoves a pressurized scuba tank into the shark's mouth, then takes Quint's rifle and climbs the Orca's mast. Brody shoots at the tank wedged in the shark's mouth, causing it to explode and blow the shark to pieces. Hooper emerges, and the two make rafts out of the Orca's remains to paddle back to Amity Island. Sequels The film spawned three sequels, all of which failed to match the success of the original. Indeed, their combined domestic grosses barely cover half of the original's. Spielberg was unavailable to do a sequel, as he was working on Close Encounters of the Third Kind with Richard Dreyfuss. Jaws 2 was directed by Jeannot Szwarc; Roy Scheider, Lorraine Gary, Murray Hamilton, and Jeffrey Kramer reprised their roles from the original film. It is generally regarded as the best of the sequels. The next film, Jaws 3-D, directed by Joe Alves, was released in the 3-D format, although the effect did not transfer to television or home video, where it was renamed Jaws 3. Dennis Quaid and Louis Gossett, Jr. starred in the movie. Jaws: The Revenge, directed by Joseph Sargent, featured the return of Lorraine Gary and starred Michael Caine, is considered one of the worst movies ever made. While all three sequels made a profit at the box office (Jaws 2 and Jaws 3-D are among the top 20 highest-grossing films of their respective years), critics and audiences were generally dissatisfied with the films. Legacy A large replica of the film's shark hangs from a wooden frame. A sign next to it says "Jaws" and a man standing nearby is about a third of the height of the shark. A pulley and rope are used to pretend to hold the shark's mouth open. "JAWS" on display at Universal Studios Florida Jaws was a key film in establishing the benefits of a wide national release backed by heavy media advertising, rather than a progressive release that let a film slowly enter new markets and build support over a period of time. It was also the first film to successfully use "wide release" as a distribution pattern, changing the then-usual handling of film distribution and marketing. Jaws and Star Wars are retrospectively considered to have marked the beginning of the new business model in American filmmaking and the beginning of the end of the New Hollywood period. Similar to the fear of showers created by the pivotal scene in the 1960 film Psycho, Jaws caused many viewers to be afraid to enter the ocean. The film was credited with reduced beach attendance in the summer of 1975. Although it is considered a thriller-horror classic, the film is recognized as being responsible for perpetuating negative stereotypes about sharks and their behavior. Author Peter Benchley stated that he would not have written the original novel had he known what sharks are really like in the wild. Benchley later wrote Shark Trouble, a non-fiction book about shark behavior, and Shark Life, another non-fiction book describing his dives with sharks. Conservation groups have bemoaned the fact that the film has made it considerably harder to convince the public that sharks should be protected. Jaws set the template for many future horror films, so much so that the script for Ridley Scott's 1979 science fiction film Alien was pitched to studio executives with the proposed tag line: "Jaws in space." In the 2000s, an independent group of fans produced a feature-length documentary. The Shark is Still Working features interviews with a range of cast and crew from the film, and some from the sequels. It is narrated by Roy Scheider and dedicated to Peter Benchley, who died in 2006.   (IMG: http://images4.fanpop.com/image/photos/24500000/The-Terminator-terminator-24509187-1920-1080.jpg ) (6 of 16 lists - 107 points - highest ranking #4 BigEdWalsh) "The Terminator" (also known as the T-800, T-850 or T-101) refers to a number of fictional characters portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger – a cyborg, initially portrayed as a programmable assassin and military infiltration unit. "The Terminator" character first appeared as the titular antagonist in The Terminator, a 1984 film directed and co-written by James Cameron, and its sequels. The first film in the series features only one cyborg: the one portrayed by Schwarzenegger, although a second Terminator played by Franco Columbu is shown in a future flashback scene. In the first two sequels, Schwarzenegger's Terminator is pitted against other Terminators; it appears briefly in the third sequel as a CGI model. In the sequels, Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, Schwarzenegger reprises the role, but with a twist: Schwarzenegger is the hero instead of the villain playing a different but visually identical Terminator in each of the three films. Within the Terminator universe created by Cameron, Terminators of the same "model" share identical characteristics. In the production of the films, this has allowed multiple Terminators to be portrayed by Schwarzenegger. In the context of the stories, this plot device provides a certain continuity for the human characters, by exploiting their emotional familiarity with a particular "human" visage. "The Terminator" is the name of Arnold Schwarzenegger's character in the credits of the three Terminator movies. At different times, the character is given more specific designations such as model and series numbers, in efforts to distinguish Schwarzenegger's character from other Terminators. The Terminator appears in Terminator Salvation. Schwarzenegger reprises the role via facial CGI (he was unable to appear in person as he was Governor of California at the time), while the character itself is physically portrayed by Roland Kickinger. The title has also been used as a generic name for other human-simulating characters in the "Terminator" universe, notably the liquid metal shape-shifting T-1000 antagonist in the sequel Terminator 2: Judgment Day. The Terminator from the original film was ranked #22 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains list of villains and was also ranked #14 on Empire's list of the 100 Greatest Movie Characters. The Terminator from the second film was ranked #48 on AFI's list of heroes. Character nomenclature The end credits of the first three Terminator films list Schwarzenegger's character as simply "The Terminator". Later films call the newer terminator characters by their series numbers (T-1000, T-X, etc.). The only consistent name for Schwarzenegger's Terminator character has been "The Terminator". Kyle Reese in The Terminator and Schwarzenegger's character in Terminator 2 refer to it as a "Cyberdyne Systems Model 101." In Terminator 3, the Terminator refers to itself as a "T-101," which could be an abbreviation of its model number. In Terminator Salvation, the T2 Extreme Edition DVD, and the Terminator 2 video game he is referred to as an 800 series and a T-800. The T3 extras refer to him as an "850 series Model 101", a "T-850", and a "T-101". Additionally, most merchandising for T2 and T3 - both at the time of their original releases and retroactively - (e.g. Action Masters miniatures, Cinemaquette statues, Sideshow Collectables replicas, Hollywood Collectibles statuettes, ArtFX kits, Medicom figures, Hot Toys, and McFarlane Toys) have all used the T-800 and T-850 nomenclature, contributing to this designation having arguably the most popular and widely disseminated usage, especially in direct juxtaposition to the explicitly named T-600s and T-1000. Terminator Salvation has the first on-screen usage of the term T-800, when John Connor sees blueprints of said series' endoskeleton. In the T2 commentary, Cameron states that the Model 101s all look like Schwarzenegger, with a 102 looking like someone else, leading to speculation that the 101 refers to the physical appearance while the 800 refers to the endoskeleton common to many models. A scene deleted from the theatrical cut, but restored in the Terminator 2 Special Edition, lends the most credence to this explanation. In this scene, John and Sarah shut down The Terminator for modification according to his instructions. When he reboots, the upper-left of his HUD reads "Cyberdyne Systems Series 800 Model 101 Version 2.4". Additionally, the original Terminator 2 teaser trailer further verifies this on a display monitor during cyborg tissue generation, referencing the Series 800 Model 101. Role in the series A Cyberdyne Systems Model 101 Terminator, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger, is the main antagonist in The Terminator, the original Terminator film. An identical Series 800 Model 101, having been reprogrammed by the resistance in the future, is one of the protagonists in Terminator 2: Judgment Day. In Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, Schwarzenegger plays an updated T-850 unit, with the same outward appearance as the Series 800. His character is destroyed at the end of each of these films. The fourth installment, Terminator Salvation, reveals the origin of the 101 Model. Roland Kickinger was cast as the principal actor but CGI was used to superimpose Schwarzenegger's face from the original 1984 film. The original Terminator was sent to terminate a single target, Sarah Connor, in 1984, to prevent the birth of her son, John, the future leader of the human resistance. It survives being caught in a truck exploding, though it is fully revealed as a machine. The Terminator was finally crushed in a hydraulic press by Sarah after a lengthy chase. However, its damaged main CPU and right arm were recovered by Cyberdyne. These artifacts were used to dramatically advance the technological level and direction of the research at Cyberdyne, paradoxically leading to the creation of Skynet. But its remains were destroyed at the end of the second movie when John threw them in the molten metal vat. Schwarzenegger's Terminator's role was reversed in the second film. He was reprogrammed by the future John Connor and sent back to protect his younger self from the T-1000. This Terminator is taught how to speak in slang-like terms like "Hasta La Vista". At the end of the film, he orders Sarah to lower him into a molten metal vat in order to destroy the CPU, though John wanted him to stay with them. In the third film, he is again portrayed as the hero, this time protecting John and his future wife Kate Brewster from a T-X. He tells John he postponed Judgment Day, because the original planned Judgment Day, August 29, 1997, passed without incident. They are also running from Judgment Day, trying to postpone it again, but they fail. They run for protection and the Terminator is destroyed when it jams its remaining hydrogen fuel cell into the T-X's mouth (with a cold remark of "You are terminated!"), resulting in a massive detonation that destroys them both. In the fourth film, the Terminator makes a brief cameo, though once again as an antagonist. Being the very first T-800 produced, it engages John Connor in battle during Connor's attempt to rescue Kyle Reese from the Skynet base in San Francisco. John holds his own with his advanced weaponry, but is unable to stop the Terminator until it is drenched in molten metal and then liquid nitrogen, freezing it temporarily. As John begins planting hydrogen fuel cells (similar to the ones powering the model from Terminator 3) around to blow the base up, the Terminator resumes its attack but is intercepted by Marcus Wright. Although the Terminator succeeds in stabbing John through the heart, Marcus finishes the fight by ramming a metal bar through the Terminator's neck and twisting its head off, killing it. According to Cameron, this Terminator was supposed to be the first Terminator of its kind to be covered with human flesh and skin. Characteristics In the fictional Terminator universe, the Terminator is a formidable robotic assassin and soldier, designed by the military supercomputer Skynet for infiltration and combat duty, towards the ultimate goal of exterminating the human resistance. It can speak naturally, copy the voices of others, read human handwriting, and even genuinely sweat, smell, and bleed. To detect the Terminators, who are otherwise indistinguishable from humans, the human resistance uses dogs to alert humans to their presence. The most notable science fiction characteristics are that of an expert system featuring strong AI functionality combined with machine learning, and the system can interpret arbitrary non-formalized tasks. The other notable science fiction component is that of a power source which can last 120 years. A trait persistent throughout the series is the faint red (or blue in the case of the T-X Terminatrix) glow of the "eyes" when online, which dim to nothing when a Terminator shuts down. In all four movies, the lack of the glow has been used to show when one is out of action. The trait is so characteristic that light-up eyes are often found on Terminator merchandise, with some even replicating the dimming/reillumination effect that occurs during shut down or start up. Construction A description from Kyle Reese from the film "The Terminator" states that: The Terminator is an infiltration unit, part man-part machine. Underneath it's a hyperalloy combat chassis, microprocessor controlled, fully armored, very tough. But outside it's living human tissue. Flesh, skin, hair, blood, grown for the cyborgs. As seen in the movies, a Terminator can withstand standard 20th century firearms, crash through walls intact, and survive explosions to some degree. Repeated shotgun blasts have enough force to knock it down and temporarily disable it, while heavy amounts of automatic fire are able to compromise the organic disguise layer. In the second film, the Terminator says he can run for 120 years on his existing power cell. In the finale to Terminator 2, his power source is damaged, and he is able to find an alternate source, described on the DVD commentary as heat sinks, harnessing the thermal energy from the hot surroundings. In the third film, the Terminator - an 850 series rather than the 800 series depicted in the first two films - operates on two hydrogen fuel cells and discards one of them early due to damage. It explodes shortly thereafter with enough force to produce a small mushroom cloud. The endoskeleton is actuated by a powerful network of hydraulic servomechanisms, making Terminators superhumanly strong. For instance, in the third movie, Schwarzenegger's character was able to handle firing a Browning .30 machine gun from the hip with one hand, while holding a coffin containing an alive John Connor and a heavy cache of weapons, showing no signs of the extra weight being any real concern. Late in the first film, the Terminator is stripped of its organic elements by fire. What remains is the machine itself, in James Cameron's own words "a chrome skeleton, like death rendered in steel." In the later Terminator films, armies of endoskeleton-only Terminators are seen. They are visually identical to the one in the first film, and feature prominently in the "future war" sequences of those films. CPU The Terminator CPU is a room-temperature superconducting artificial neural network with the ability to learn. In Terminator 2, The Terminator states that "the more contact [he] has with humans, the more [he] learns." In the original film, he learns how to swear from the punks he encounters in the beginning of the film. In the Special Edition, he says that Skynet "presets the switch to 'read-only' when [Terminators] are sent out alone", to prevent them from "thinking too much". Sarah and John activate his learning ability, after which he becomes more curious and begins trying to understand and imitate human behavior. This leads to his use of the catchphrase "Hasta la vista, baby." A line spoken by the Terminator at the end of the movie shows that Terminators have the potential to understand emotion: "I know now why you cry, but it is something I can never do." Sarah muses in the closing narration that the Terminator had "learned the value of human life". The terminator's developing appreciation for life and emotion was also displayed shortly before its destruction when John was frantically trying to convince it not to be destroyed, to which it replied "I'm sorry, John." An apology would have been an unlikely action for a machine with no emotional comprehension. Organic covering The flesh-covering that is used on the majority of Terminator models has similar qualities to real human muscle and skin, as well as the ability to sweat, simulate breathing, and produce realistic body odor. Although Terminator flesh does contain blood, it only displays very minimal bleeding when damaged and has never been shown to experience any kind of profuse bleeding even from massive lacerations, dozens of gunshot wounds, or even complete removal. In the absence of a circulatory system, the flesh uses a system of "nanobots" which maintain the skin. It is unknown what biological processes take place to sustain the flesh covering, since Terminators do not require the consumption of food. Under 2007-era analysis, this blood is shown to be similar to human blood, using a synthetic oxygen carrier rather than human red blood cells, as Terminator endoskeletons contain no bone marrow. Terminator flesh heals by itself, and at a much faster rate than normal human tissue and has never been shown to bruise or discolor from trauma, even after several days. However, a Terminator's flesh covering can die if it sustains adequately massive damage, at which point it takes on a waxy, corpse-like pallor and begins to decompose. Although clearly not the normal procedure, a bare T-888 endoskeleton is able to grow itself a new flesh covering using 2007 technology (with the assistance of a geneticist and its own knowledge of future formulae) by submerging itself in a blood-like bath. This improvised process results in a deformed covering that has the appearance of a burn victim and lacks its own biological eyes, requiring it to steal some and subsequently undergo cosmetic surgery to produce a more normal appearance. The theft of the eyes suggests that Terminator flesh is capable of accepting some degree of organ grafts from ordinary humans, that it can circumvent transplant rejection, and is capable of sustaining the life of the grafted tissue via its own unknown biological process. Physical template It has been shown that Terminators' flesh coverings are somehow grown identically, producing many multiple copies of exactly the same physical appearance, indicating the use of specific physical templates for different variations of a model or series. The most well known is that worn by multiple T-800/850 Model 101 units portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger; a scene in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles displays a memory of a T-888 model, referred to as "Vick", facing a room (presumably in the factory where he was created) of several dozen units sharing an identical template to himself, naked and moving in unison to his direction. The 'Arnold' model came to be known as the 101, which refers to its likeness and skin type. A deleted scene from Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines reveals that the Model 101's appearance was based on Chief Master Sergeant William Candy, with his Southern accent replaced by the more menacing voice of one of the developers. One part of the scene shows Candy next to a partially complete endoskeleton, indicating that the Terminators were being developed by humans before Judgment Day. This contradicts information from the first film, where Kyle Reese refers to the Model 101 as "new", replacing the older rubber-skinned 600 series, also seen in Terminator Salvation. The T-800 is shown to be stronger both physically, tearing a malfunctioning T-600 in half. It's also the first model to be manufactured using a titanium alloy. However, titanium loses strength when heated above 430 �C (806 �F) which later prompted Skynet's decision to use Coltan, which is also referred as columbite–tantalite, for better heat resistance as its metal base as stated in "Terminator-The Sarah Connor Chronicles"; it is also used for the T-850 and T-888 models. According to Terminator Salvation, the T-800 was the first terminator to have a human styled skeleton built using coltan and titanium alloy. The earlier Terminators had a bulkier appearance. An entirely different origin of the Model 101's physical and vocal templates was provided in the novel T2: Infiltrator (published prior to T3), in the form of former counter-terrorist Dieter von Rossbach. The reason stated for copying Dieter was that Skynet was looking in the old military files for someone whose body could effectively conceal the Terminator's massive endoskeleton. The music video for the Guns N' Roses song "You Could Be Mine" shows a T-800 having its flesh covering applied by a large industrial mold.

i don't know

According to a once-popular myth, oysters could only be eaten in months containing what letter in their names?

Shucks!: Why British oysters are off the menu | The Independent Shucks!: Why British oysters are off the menu Friday 17 September 2010 23:00 BST Click to follow Shucks!: Why British oysters are off the menu 1/8 8/8 Immo Klink Back in the 1980s, I once had a peripatetic lunch in London with Michael Broadbent, the delightful chap who was then Director of Fine Wines at Christie's. We had fallen to talking about old wines and old recipes and he had rhapsodised about the beef and oyster pie in a City pub called the George and Vulture, which Dickens mentions several times in The Pickwick Papers. But when he rang to book a table, my drinking companion found the dish was no longer on the menu. So he devised a literally moveable feast. We began with oysters and a cocktail of Guinness and champagne at Sweetings, then strode out to Pickwick's oak-panelled tavern for steak and kidney pudding, and then to Bow Wine Vaults which was then serving a particularly fine tawny port to accompany the Stilton. That ambulatory luncheon charted a key point in the history of the British oyster. In the 19th century, the oyster had been a staple diet of the poor. The humble bivalve was eaten in prodigious quantities. In 1860, the three oyster companies in Whitstable alone, employing more than 100 boats and over 500 people, sent 50 million tons of oysters to London. Most of them were eaten by the poorest folk. "Oysters and poverty always seem to go together," as Pickwick's Sam Weller remarked. Beef and oyster pies and puddings had been a classic Victorian dish. The poorer you were, the more oysters you put in. Rich folk bigged up the amount of beefsteak. But then the see-saw tipped. The meat became less costly than the oysters. Over the years, oysters became so expensive that only the George and Vulture seemed to keep it on the menu. Then it went there, too. Oysters became the rich man's food. In that mode, the oyster has been undergoing something of a revival in recent years. There are now 40 oyster bars in London and the Loch Fyne and Livebait chains have been spreading oyster consumption at more than £1-a-mollusc throughout the rest of the nation. "There's been a tremendous revival over the past 10 years," says Robin Hancock, director of Wright Bros Oyster & Porter House in London's Borough Market, which has its own oyster farm and independent oyster wholesaling business. "The smart St James's set has always been fond of quaffing oysters and bars like Wiltons, Bentleys and Greens have always been busy. We set out to make oysters more popular again. We're more spit and sawdust than champagne Charlie." The capital's new outlets are shifting 10,000 oysters a week, according to the food writer Drew Smith, who has just published a comprehensive little volume, Oyster: A World History. Yet, after all that, the British oyster industry is now teetering on the brink of a new crisis. A new virus, which has never before been seen in Britain, has wiped out more than eight million oysters at a farm in Whitstable. The OsHV-1 virus is, ironically enough for a disease which attacks a foodstuff that has for centuries been regarded as an aphrodisiac, a form of herpes. It has already devastated the oyster industries in parts of France, Jersey and Ireland, and has led to a ban on the movement of oysters in a containment area in the north Kent coast, Thames and Swale estuary of which Whitstable Bay is part and where oysters have been gathered since Roman times. Though the disease has no effect on humans, it has an 80 per cent death-rate among oysters and no known cure. "It is catastrophic," according to John Bayes, who runs a farm at the centre of the infected area, Seasalter Shellfish, which last year produced 14,000 tons of oysters worth £30m. He fears a "total wipe-out" of the significant investment he has made in seeding new oyster beds. The scale of the problem is such that, local oystermen estimate, nine out of 10 oysters eaten at the Whitstable Oyster Festival in July were imported from the non-infected parts of Ireland. "He was a bold man that first ate an oyster," Jonathan Swift once said. But once eaten, that first man was surely captivated by the quintessence of the ocean which is the oyster, as it slips from the iridescent mother-of-pearl bed that is its shell and bursts, as the poet Seamus Heaney once put it, like "a filling estuary" into the waiting mouth and on to "a palate hung with starlight". An oyster is a unique thing, the soft vulnerable body, scented with the sea, salty and flinty, heavy in the mouth, metallic on the tongue, oozing with rich erotic juices, strange, strong and sensual. Oysters are older than us, older than grass, says Drew Smith, who was for a decade the editor of The Good Food Guide. "The megalithic map of Europe is all along the continent's oyster beds. In the United States, there are middens containing shells from eaten oysters that predate the pyramids. America's great coastal cities – Boston, New York, New Orleans – are all founded on oyster beds, because you know where you find oysters you find clean water and fish and wildlife." The myths that surround them are as old as history. Pliny thought they were good for the complexion. Casanova thought they boosted the libido; he claimed to eat 50 for breakfast, in his bath, from the breast of his mistress. Those who eat them dice with death, a myth which persists in tabloid newspapers, which love a dodgy oyster story, as headlines about "sewage-filled oysters at the Fat Duck" in 2009 showed. Though as Dr Tom Pickerill of the British Shellfish Association points out, there were only 13 cases of norovirus poisoning from oysters between 2001 and 2008 – compared with several hundred from chicken or unwashed salad. The reasons for the great decline of what was in 1908 said to be the biggest marine industry in the world are manifold and interrelated. "The initial decline was mainly down to over-fishing," says Richard Green, who runs the Whitstable Oyster Fishery. "Over the centuries, since the Romans, people knew they should take only around 20 per cent of the available stocks in any year – but they got greedy." They began eating the oysters which should have been the seed stock of the future. The beds declined rapidly. That was not all. The nation's oyster beds were neglected significantly during the First and Second World wars. Frozen winters in 1929, 1940, 1947 and 1963 wiped out nearly all the native stocks. More recently, a growing yachting leisure industry painted the underside of its boats with an anti-barnacle paint which was toxic to oysters. Run-off from fertilisers, weed-killers and pesticides has polluted waters, as has industrial pollution from paper mills and other factories. New predators on oysters – snails, limpets and molluscs – arrived from abroad in the bilge water of foreign ships. In the 1960s, the British government tried to revivify the industry by introducing Pacific rock oysters to augment the declining native varieties. A younger John Bayes was in the forefront of the move in 1965. Against many predictions, it was a huge success. The rock oyster is now the standard British oyster; around 30,000 tons of them were produced last year, compared to just 500 tons of native oysters. Unlike natives, which spawn in the summer months, rock oysters can be eaten all the year round, rather than only in months whose names contain the letter "r". But it is these newer rock oysters that the OsHV-1 herpes virus is targeting. No one really knows why. Some scientist have speculated that it is to do with climate change, since the virus flourishes in warmer waters. Others suspect it may be due to over-intensive cultivation. "All living organisms have herpes, some people say, but it only presents itself when they are in poor condition," says Richard Green. There is an irony in that. Many in the industry believe that, handled properly, the oyster could be a solution to the global food crisis. "Oyster farming has a very light footprint ecologically," says Green. "It's quite different from salmon farming where you introduce intensive amounts of feed and antibiotics into the water. All oysters need is good clean water. An oyster is only as good as the water in which it grows. An oyster is a barometer of water quality." The taste of an oyster is determined not by the type or provenance of the seed-oyster, but by the character of the waters in which it is fattened. The taste changes significantly from place to place – The British Shellfish Association has just published a tasting guide to Britain's top 23 oysterbeds – and can even vary through the year as the plankton on which the oysters feed changes. Like wines which vary with their terroir, oysters can be sweet, salty, earthy, nutty, silky, steely or even melony. That quality could be even higher, laments Drew Smith, were it not for the reluctance of the Department of the Environment to police European laws on water purity. "The Government won't enforce quite sensible EU rules because they want to protect the interests of the water companies." But it is not just quality, but also quantity, that can be regenerated with depurated coastal waters. Unlike the exploitation of other natural resources, like mining or deep-sea fishing, this is environmental capital which can be renewed. "Oyster farming is good for the environment, not destructive or exploitative of it," says Smith. "In the United States, President Obama has the navy sewing oyster beds back." Bays like Chesapeake, which for hundreds of years was one of the most productive fisheries in the United States – but whose succulent oysters have been close to extinction – are now the subject of a 25-year $6bn clean-up. Obama has set tough targets for Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania to reduce the amount of pollutants flowing into the 200-mile-long estuary. The scheme is also addressing air pollution, land conservation and rebuilding depleted oyster and fish stocks. That kind of activity is needed in the UK. Richard Green hopes a new wind farm off Herne Bay, in which oyster dredgers will not be permitted to work, will create a new seed-bed for the waters of the area. "I can see that becoming thick with oysters," he says. But Drew Smith feels that such piecemeal approaches will not be enough. "We need politicians here with the imagination of Obama," he insists. Smith wants big creative schemes, as well as a more diligent application of EU rules on water purity, which he claims, at present, civil servants are not enforcing because of the power of the water companies and their lobbyists. He also wants changes in the laws governing the ownership of estuarine tidal zones, and the land beneath the low water mark. "Our laws on who owns the seabed go back to Magna Carta or even King Canute," he points out. "There is no legal protection for people who invest in cleaning up the estuary or seeding the oyster beds. You can put £100,000 worth of seed-oysters into the estuary and find they move to someone else's land. It creates a disincentive to invest." With the right conditions, Richard Green believes the oyster could become a universal food. "If a fraction of the effort, science and capital that goes into agriculture went into oysters, in a few years time, instead of chicken nuggets, kids would be asking for deep-fried oysters. The oyster could feed Africa. There are no ecological arguments against it," he says. Nor even ethical arguments. The two main arguments for vegetarianism are that animals should not be killed because they feel pain and that their cultivation is environmentally harmful. But since oysters lack a central nervous system, and farming of them is not just environmentally sustainable but beneficial to the eco-systems, the potency of the classic arguments is significantly reduced. Even the high priest of animal rights, the philosopher Peter Singer, author of the original Animal Liberation, has said that he sees "no good reason for avoiding eating sustainably produced oysters". And as for those who find oysters just too slithering a sensation in the mouth, production in large quantities would open the prospect – now verging on the heretical to most oyster lovers – that they could be widely cooked. Trendy metropolitan eateries like Mark Hix's Oyster and Chop House are already at it, although the eponymous chef concedes that he doesn't put too many oysters in his steak and oyster pie, because they are so expensive. "Originally the reason for bringing the two together was to add bulk through the oysters to the steak which was the delicacy. Today, we just put in three oysters to add a bit of fishiness," he says. Rather, says Drew Smith, oysters should come in a glut so that cooks will not feel deferential about experimentation. His book concludes with a fabulous sounding recipe for The Best Oyster Soup in the World, but which would cost about £30 a panful to cook on present prices. A glut would be good for all of us. "Oysters are about the healthiest food you can eat in terms of nutritional value," he concludes. They contain a balance of protein, vitamins and minerals – principally zinc, copper, iron and selenium. They are rich in vitamins A and B12 and are great for low-cholesterol diets. "If we can weather this difficult time, we could make the oyster feed the world," says Richard Green, before adding a bitter addendum. "I sound like a salesman, but I have almost nothing to sell". British oysters: a taster's guide Caledonian (Loch Creran) Plump, silky and with a pleasant tang – the oysters served on 'The Titanic'. Colonsay Bold and meaty in texture, these Hebridean oysters taste woody and nutty with a sugary finish. Cumbrae Redolent of woods, these have a sharp and pointy aroma of salt and brine. Loch Ryan The sustainable beds produce some of the plumpest oysters with a flavour of citrus and nuts. Lindisfarne A neutral nose with a faint sense of sea-breeze and a distinct flavour of melon. Menai Silky, meaty, with an astringent aroma of sea salt and brine. Has an earthy base reminiscent of a forest floor. Milford Haven One of only three oyster beds in Wales, their distinct salt and pepper flavour gives them a unique edge. Camel Taking 5 years to mature, these Cornish oysters are thought to have a superior flavour to their faster-growing counterparts. Duchy Special (Helford) Firm, plump, intense and with a body bursting with nutty flavours. Frenchman's Creek (Helford) Firm and plump with a delicate nose suggestive of samphire and geranium; the finish that hints at tree bark. Fal Gathered using zero-carbon boats which don't damage the beds, Fal oysters have a salty liquor and sweet flesh. Bigbury Bay Flushed with the flavours of the Avon estuary, the fishermen of Bigbury Bay eat them with smoked bacon. River Teign A light freshwater nose that belies strong flavour of cucumber and lettuce. River Exe Mild in flavour with overtones of cut grass and walnut shell; a silky texture. Poole Oysters from the organic Dorset coast are rich in tones of pecan nut, avocado and cucumber. Portsmouth Harbour A rich-bodied oyster with the flavour of salted butter and a stainless-steel finish. Jersey Thin and delicate with a finish that builds to a lingering tang of stainless steel and ends with a prick of citrus fruit. Whitstable Meaty and chewy with a crisp metallic smack in the finish; it has a mild taste of cut grass with hints of walnut shell and driftwood. Maldon (rock oyster) Richly flavoured walnut and avocado oyster set off by a whiff of sea breeze; smooth and meaty texture. West Mersea A very distinct briny nose, then a complex flavour of salted butter followed by sweet cashew. A plump, firm and meaty texture. Colchester From oysterbeds harvested since 1189, these oysters have a firm, creamy texture. It has a very clear flavour of salted butter. Source: the British Shellfish Association More about:

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What common Latin phrase literally translates as To the point of disgust

Oyster | Open Access articles | Open Access journals | Conference Proceedings | Editors | Authors | Reviewers | scientific events Crassostrea gigas from the Marennes-Oléron basin in France The word oyster is used as a common name for a number of different families of saltwater clams , bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all, oysters are in the superfamily Ostreoidea . Some kinds of oysters are commonly consumed, cooked or raw, by humans as a delicacy . Some kinds of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle . Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects. Contents Main article: Pearl oyster Almost all shell-bearing mollusks can secrete pearls, yet most are not very valuable. Pearl oysters are not closely related to true oysters, being members of a distinct family, the feathered oysters ( Pteriidae ). Both cultured pearls and natural pearls can be extracted from pearl oysters, though other molluscs, such as the freshwater mussels , also yield pearls of commercial value. The largest pearl-bearing oyster is the marine Pinctada maxima, which is roughly the size of a dinner plate. Not all individual oysters produce pearls naturally. In fact, in a harvest of two and a half tons of oysters, only three to four oysters produce absolute perfect pearls.[ citation needed ] In nature, pearl oysters produce pearls by covering a minute invading parasite with nacre . [5] Over the years, the irritating object is covered with enough layers of nacre to become a pearl. The many different types, colours and shapes of pearls depend on the natural pigment of the nacre, and the shape of the original irritant. Pearl farmers can culture a pearl by placing a nucleus, usually a piece of polished mussel shell, inside the oyster. In three to seven years, the oyster can produce a perfect pearl. These pearls are not as valuable as natural pearls, but look exactly the same. In fact, since the beginning of the 20th century, when several researchers discovered how to produce artificial pearls, the cultured pearl market has far outgrown the natural pearl market. Other types of oysters A number of bivalve molluscs (other than true oysters and pearl oysters) also have common names that include the word "oyster", usually because they either taste like or look somewhat like true oysters, or because they yield noticeable pearls. Examples include: In the Philippines, a local thorny oyster species known as Tikod Amo is a favorite seafood source in the southern part of the country. [6] Because of its good flavor, it commands high prices. Anatomy Oysters are filter feeders , drawing water in over their gills through the beating of cilia . Suspended plankton and particles are trapped in the mucus of a gill, and from there are transported to the mouth, where they are eaten, digested, and expelled as feces or pseudofaeces . Oysters feed most actively at temperatures above Script error: No such module "convert".. An oyster can filter up to Script error: No such module "convert". of water per hour. The Chesapeake Bay 's once-flourishing oyster population historically filtered excess nutrients from the estuary's entire water volume every three to four days. Today, that would take nearly a year. [7] Excess sediment, nutrients, and algae can result in the eutrophication of a body of water. Oyster filtration can mitigate these pollutants. In addition to their gills, oysters can also exchange gases across their mantles, which are lined with many small, thin-walled blood vessels . A small, three-chambered heart , lying under the adductor muscle , pumps colorless blood to all parts of the body. At the same time, two kidneys , located on the underside of the muscle, remove waste products from the blood. While some oysters have two sexes (European oyster and Olympia oyster), their reproductive organs contain both eggs and sperm. Because of this, it is technically possible for an oyster to fertilize its own egg. The gonads surround the digestive organs, and are made up of sex cells, branching tubules, and connective tissue. Once the female is fertilized, she discharges millions of eggs into the water. The larvae develop in about six hours and swim around for about two to three weeks. After that, they settle on a bed and mature within a year. Habitat and behaviour Oyster reef at about mid-tide off fishing pier at Hunting Island State Park , South Carolina A group of oysters is commonly called a bed or oyster reef. Rocks in intertidal zone covered by oysters, at Bangchuidao Scenic Area, Dalian , Liaoning Province , China As a keystone species , oysters provide habitat for many marine species. Crassostrea and Saccostrea live mainly in the intertidal zone , while Ostrea is subtidal . The hard surfaces of oyster shells and the nooks between the shells provide places where a host of small animals can live. Hundreds of animals, such as sea anemones , barnacles , and hooked mussels , inhabit oyster reefs . Many of these animals are prey to larger animals, including fish, such as striped bass , black drum and croakers . An oyster reef can increase the surface area of a flat bottom 50-fold. An oyster's mature shape often depends on the type of bottom to which it is originally attached, but it always orients itself with its outer, flared shell tilted upward. One valve is cupped and the other is flat. Oysters usually reach maturity in one year. They are protandric ; during their first year, they spawn as males by releasing sperm into the water. As they grow over the next two or three years and develop greater energy reserves, they spawn as females by releasing eggs . Bay oysters usually spawn from the end of June until mid-August. An increase in water temperature prompts a few oysters to spawn. This triggers spawning in the rest, clouding the water with millions of eggs and sperm. A single female oyster can produce up to 100 million eggs annually. The eggs become fertilized in the water and develop into larvae, which eventually find suitable sites, such as another oyster's shell, on which to settle. Attached oyster larvae are called spat. Spat are oysters less than Script error: No such module "convert". long. Many species of bivalves, oysters included, seem to be stimulated to settle near adult conspecifics . Common oyster predators include crabs , seabirds , starfish , and humans . Some oysters contain live crabs, known as oyster crabs . Nutrient cycling Bivalves , including oysters, are effective filter feeders and can have large effects on the water columns in which they occur. [11] As filter feeders, oysters remove plankton and organic particles from the water column. [12] Multiple studies have shown individual oysters are capable of filtering up to 50 gallons of water per day, and thus oyster reefs can significantly improve water quality and clarity. [13] [14] [15] [16] Oysters consume nitrogen-containing compounds ( nitrates and ammonia ), phosphates, plankton, detritus, bacteria, and dissolved organic matter, removing them from the water. [17] What is not used for animal growth is then expelled as solid waste pellets, which eventually decompose into the atmosphere as nitrogen. [5] In Maryland , the Chesapeake Bay Program plans to use oysters to reduce the amount of nitrogen compounds entering the Chesapeake Bay by Script error: No such module "convert". per year by 2010. [18] Several studies have shown that oysters and mussels have the capacity to dramatically alter nitrogen levels in estuaries. [19] [20] [21] In the U.S., Delaware is the only East Coast state without aquaculture, but making aquaculture a state-controlled industry of leasing water by the acre for commercial harvesting of shellfish is being considered. [22] Supporters of Delaware's legislation to allow oyster aquaculture cite revenue, job creation, and nutrient cycling benefits. It is estimated that one acre can produce nearly 750,000 oysters, which could filter between Script error: No such module "convert". of water daily. [22] Also see nutrient pollution for an extended explanation of nutrient remediation . Ecosystem services As an ecosystem engineer oysters provide "supporting" ecosystem services , along with "provisioning", "regulating" and "cultural" services. (See ecosystem services for service definitions and explanation.) Oysters influence nutrient cycling, water filtration, habitat structure, biodiversity, and food web dynamics. [23] Oyster feeding and nutrient cycling activities could "rebalance" shallow, coastal ecosystems if restoration of historic populations could be achieved. [24] Furthermore, assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus into shellfish tissues provides an opportunity to remove these nutrients from the environment, but this benefit has only recently been recognized. [24] [25] [26] In California's Tomales Bay, native oyster presence is associated with higher species diversity of benthic invertebrates [27] but other ecosystem services have not been studied. [28] As the ecological and economic importance of oyster reefs has become more widely acknowledged, creation of oyster reef habitat through restoration efforts has become more important- often with the goal of restoring multiple ecosystem services associated with natural oyster reefs. [29] Human history File:Whaleback Shell Midden gully - 20070722 07986.JPG The Whaleback Shell Midden in Maine contains the shells from oyster harvested for food dating from 2200-1000 years ago Middens testify to the prehistoric importance of oysters as food. In the United Kingdom , the town of Whitstable is noted for oyster farming from beds on the Kentish Flats that have been used since Roman times. The borough of Colchester holds an annual Oyster Feast each October, at which "Colchester Natives" (the native oyster, Ostrea edulis ) are consumed. The United Kingdom hosts several other annual oyster festivals, for example Woburn Oyster Festival is held in September. Many breweries produce Oyster Stout , a beer intended to be drunk with oysters that sometimes includes oysters in the brewing process. The French seaside resort of Cancale in Brittany is noted for its oysters, which also date from Roman times. Sergius Orata of the Roman Republic is considered the first major merchant and cultivator of oysters. Using his considerable knowledge of hydraulics , he built a sophisticated cultivation system, including channels and locks, to control the tides . He was so famous for this, the Romans used to say he could breed oysters on the roof of his house. [30] In Ireland , it is traditional to eat them live with Guinness and buttered brown soda bread .[ original research? ] In the early 19th century, oysters were cheap and mainly eaten by the working class . Throughout the 19th century, oyster beds in New York Harbor became the largest source of oysters worldwide. On any day in the late 19th century, six million oysters could be found on barges tied up along the city’s waterfront. They were naturally quite popular in New York City , and helped initiate the city’s restaurant trade. [31] New York's oystermen became skilled cultivators of their beds, which provided employment for hundreds of workers and nutritious food for thousands. Eventually, rising demand exhausted many of the beds. To increase production, they introduced foreign species, which brought disease; effluent and increasing sedimentation from erosion destroyed most of the beds by the early 20th century. Oysters’ popularity has put ever-increasing demands on wild oyster stocks. [32] This scarcity increased prices, converting them from their original role as working-class food to their current status as an expensive delicacy . In the United Kingdom, the native variety (Ostrea edulis) requires five years to mature and is protected by an Act of Parliament during the May to August spawning season. The current market is dominated by the larger Pacific oyster and rock oyster varieties which are farmed year round. Fishing from the wild Oysters are harvested by simply gathering them from their beds. In very shallow waters, they can be gathered by hand or with small rakes . In somewhat deeper water, long-handled rakes or oyster tongs are used to reach the beds. Patent tongs can be lowered on a line to reach beds that are too deep to reach directly. In all cases, the task is the same: the oysterman scrapes oysters into a pile, and then scoops them up with the rake or tongs. In some areas, a scallop dredge is used. This is a toothed bar attached to a chain bag. The dredge is towed through an oyster bed by a boat, picking up the oysters in its path. While dredges collect oysters more quickly, they heavily damage the beds, and their use is highly restricted. Until 1965, Maryland limited dredging to sailboats , and even since then motor boats can be used only on certain days of the week. These regulations prompted the development of specialized sailboats (the bugeye and later the skipjack ) for dredging. Similar laws were enacted in Connecticut before World War I and lasted until 1969. The laws restricted the harvesting of oysters in state-owned beds to vessels under sail. These laws prompted the construction of the oyster sloop-style vessel to last well into the 20th century. Hope is believed to be the last-built Connecticut oyster sloop, completed in 1948. Oysters can also be collected by divers . In any case, when the oysters are collected, they are sorted to eliminate dead animals, bycatch (unwanted catch), and debris. Then they are taken to market, where they are either canned or sold live. Cultivating oysters Main article: Oyster farming Oysters have been cultured for well over a century. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas , is presently the most widely grown bivalve around the world. [33] Two methods are commonly used, release and bagging. In both cases, oysters are cultivated onshore to the size of spat, when they can attach themselves to a substrate. They may be allowed to mature further to form 'seed oysters'. In either case, they are then placed in the water to mature. The release technique involves distributing the spat throughout existing oyster beds, allowing them to mature naturally to be collected like wild oysters. Bagging has the cultivator putting spat in racks or bags and keeping them above the bottom. Harvesting involves simply lifting the bags or rack to the surface and removing the mature oysters. The latter method prevents losses to some predators, but is more expensive. [34] The Pacific or Japanese oyster, Crassostrea gigas , has been grown in the outflow of mariculture ponds. When fish or prawns are grown in ponds, it takes typically Script error: No such module "convert". of feed to produce Script error: No such module "convert". of product ( dry-dry basis). The other Script error: No such module "convert". goes into the pond and after mineralization, provides food for phytoplankton, which in turn feeds the oyster. To prevent spawning, sterile oysters are now cultured by crossbreeding tetraploid and diploid oysters. The resulting triploid oyster cannot propagate, which prevents introduced oysters from spreading into unwanted habitats. [35] Restoration and recovery In many areas, non-native oysters have been introduced in attempts to prop up failing harvests of native varieties. For example, the eastern oyster was introduced to California waters in 1875, while the Pacific oyster was introduced there in 1929. [36] Proposals for further such introductions remain controversial. The Pacific oyster prospered in Pendrell Sound , where the surface water is typically warm enough for spawning in the summer. Over the following years, spat spread out sporadically and populated adjacent areas. Eventually, possibly following adaptation to the local conditions, the Pacific oyster spread up and down the coast and now is the basis of the North American west coast oyster industry. Pendrell Sound is now a reserve that supplies spat for cultivation. [37] Near the mouth of the Great Wicomico River in the Chesapeake Bay , five-year-old artificial reefs now harbor more than 180 million native Crassostrea virginica . That is far lower than in the late 1880s, when the bay’s population was in the billions, and watermen harvested about Script error: No such module "convert". annually. The 2009 harvest was less than Script error: No such module "convert".. Researchers claim the keys to the project were: using waste oyster shells to elevate the reef floor Script error: No such module "convert". to keep the spat free of bottom sediments building larger reefs, ranging up to Script error: No such module "convert". in size disease-resistant broodstock [38] The oyster-tecture movement promotes the use of oyster reefs for water purification and wave attenuation. An "Oyster-tecture" project has been implemented at Withers Estuary, Withers Swash, South Carolina, by Neil Chambers-led volunteers, at a site where pollution was affecting beach tourism. Currently, for the installation cost of $3000, roughly 4.8 million liters of water are being filtered daily. In New Jersey, however, the Department of Environmental Protection refused to allow oysters as a filtering system in Sandy Hook Bay and the Raritan Bay, citing worries that commercial shellfish growers would be at risk and that members of the public might disregard warnings and consume tainted oysters. New Jersey Baykeepers responded by changing their strategy for utilizing oysters to clean up the waterway, by partnering with Naval Weapons Station Earle. The Navy station is under 24/7 security and therefore eliminates any poaching and associated human health risk. [39] Oyster-tecture projects have been proposed to protect coastal cities, such as New York, from the threat of rising sea levels due to climate change. [40] As food File:FriedOyster.JPG Fried oyster with egg and flour is a common dish in Singapore . Oysters can be eaten on the half shell, raw, smoked , boiled , baked , fried , roasted , stewed , canned , pickled , steamed , or broiled , or used in a variety of drinks. Eating can be as simple as opening the shell and eating the contents, including juice. Butter and salt are often added. In the case of oysters Rockefeller , preparation can be very elaborate. They are sometimes served on edible seaweed, such as brown algae . Care should be taken when consuming oysters. Purists insist on eating them raw, with no dressing save perhaps lemon juice, vinegar (most commonly shallot vinegar), or cocktail sauce . Upscale restaurants pair raw oysters with a home-made Mignonette sauce , which consists primarily of fresh chopped shallot , mixed peppercorn , dry white wine and lemon juice or sherry vinegar . Like fine wine, raw oysters have complex flavors that vary greatly among varieties and regions: salty, briny, buttery, metallic, or even fruity. The texture is soft and fleshy, but crisp on the palate. North American varieties include: Kumamoto and Yaquina Bay from Oregon, Duxbury and Wellfleet from Cape Cod , Massachusetts , Malpeque from Prince Edward Island , Canada , Blue Point from Long Island , New York , Permaquids from Maine , and Cape May oysters from New Jersey . Variations in water salinity, alkalinity, and mineral/nutritional content influence their flavor profile. Oysters can contain harmful bacteria . Oysters are filter feeders, so will naturally concentrate anything present in the surrounding water. Oysters from the Gulf Coast of the United States, for example, contain high bacterial loads of human pathogens in the warm months, most notably Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus . In these cases, the main danger is for immunocompromised individuals, who are unable to fight off infection and can succumb to septicemia , leading to death. Vibrio vulnificus is the most deadly seafood-borne pathogen . Opening oysters File:Oyster knife DSC09237.jpg Special knives for opening live oysters, such as this one, have short and stout blades. Fresh oysters must be alive just before consumption or cooking. There is only one criterion: the oyster must be capable of tightly closing its shell. Open oysters should be tapped on the shell; a live oyster will close up and is safe to eat. Oysters which are open and unresponsive are dead and must be discarded. Some dead oysters, or oyster shells which are full of sand may be closed. These make a distinctive noise when tapped, and are known as 'clackers'. Opening oysters, referred to as oyster-shucking, requires skill. The preferred method is to use a special knife (called an oyster knife , a variant of a shucking knife ), with a short and thick blade about Script error: No such module "convert". long. While different methods are used to open an oyster (which sometimes depend on the type), the following is one commonly accepted oyster-shucking method. Insert the blade, with moderate force and vibration if necessary, at the hinge between the two valves. Twist the blade until there is a slight pop. Slide the blade upward to cut the adductor muscle which holds the shell closed. Inexperienced shuckers can apply too much force, which can result in injury if the blade slips. Heavy gloves are necessary; apart from the knife, the shell itself can be razor sharp. Professional shuckers require less than three seconds to open the shell. [31] If the oyster has a particularly soft shell, the knife can be inserted instead in the 'sidedoor', about halfway along one side where the oyster lips widen with a slight indentation. Opening or "shucking" oysters has become a competitive sport. Oyster-shucking competitions are staged around the world. Widely acknowledged to be the premiere event, the Guinness World Oyster Opening Championship is held in September at the Galway Oyster Festival. The annual Clarenbridge Oyster Festival 'Oyster Opening Competition' is also held in Galway, Ireland. 16x16px Media related to Oyster-shucking at Wikimedia Commons Ethical considerations The oyster is considered by some ethicists [48] to be an appropriate food choice for those concerned with animal rights, arguing it is acceptable to eat oysters due to their lack of a central nervous system and the generally sustainable and environmentally friendly way in which they are raised and harvested. One common ethical objection to the consumption of animals is that their cultivation is environmentally harmful. Regarding environmental impact, 95% of oysters are sustainably farmed and harvested (other bivalves are frequently harvested by harmful dredging), feed on plankton (very low on the food chain ), and in fact improve the marine environment by removing toxins. As such, farmed oysters are listed as a "Best Choice" (highest rating) on the Seafood Watch list. [49] The view that oysters are acceptable to eat, even by strict ethical criteria, has notably been propounded in the seminal 1975 text Animal Liberation , by philosopher Peter Singer . However, subsequent editions have reversed this position (advocating against eating oysters). Singer has stated he has "gone back and forth on this over the years", and as of 2010, says, "while you could give them the benefit of the doubt, you could also say that unless some new evidence of a capacity for pain emerges, the doubt is so slight that there is no good reason for avoiding eating sustainably produced oysters". [50] Diseases Oysters are subject to various diseases which can reduce harvests and severely deplete local populations. Disease control focuses on containing infections and breeding resistant strains, and is the subject of much ongoing research. "Dermo" is caused by a protozoan parasite ( Perkinsus marinus ). It is a prevalent pathogen , causes massive mortality, and poses a significant economic threat to the oyster industry. The disease is not a direct threat to humans consuming infected oysters. [51] Dermo first appeared in the Gulf of Mexico in the 1950s, and until 1978 was believed to be caused by a fungus . While it is most serious in warmer waters, it has gradually spread up the east coast of the United States. [52] Multinucleated sphere X (MSX) is caused by the protozoan Haplosporidium nelsoni , generally seen as a multinucleated Plasmodium . It is infectious and causes heavy mortality in the eastern oyster ; survivors, however, develop resistance and can help propagate resistant populations. MSX is associated with high salinity and water temperatures. [51] MSX was first noted in Delaware Bay in 1957, and is now found all up and down the East Coast of the United States. Evidence suggests it was brought to the US when Crassostrea gigas , a Japanese oyster variety, was introduced to Delaware Bay. [52] Some oysters also harbor bacterial species which can cause human disease; of importance is Vibrio vulnificus , which causes gastroenteritis , which is usually self-limiting, and cellulitis . Cellulitis can be so severe and rapidly spreading, often it requires amputation. It is usually acquired when the contents of the oyster come in contact with a cut skin lesion, as when shucking an oyster. See also

i don't know

What long running PBS staple features a purple, anthropomorphic Tyrannosaurus Rex known for his "I love you" song?

Barney and Friends - The Full Wiki The Full Wiki More info on Barney and Friends   Wikis Advertisements    Note: Many of our articles have direct quotes from sources you can cite, within the Wikipedia article! This article doesn't yet, but we're working on it! See more info or our list of citable articles . Related top topics (Redirected to Barney & Friends article) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Barney & Friends Barney & Friends season 3 logo Format Jeff Ayers (Baby Bop suit) Julie Johnson (Baby Bop voice) Patty Wirtz (B.J. voice) 248 (as of season thirteen) Production Original run April 6, 1992 – present Barney & Friends is an independent children's television show produced in the United States, aimed at very young children ages 1–8. The series, which first aired in 1992, features the title character Barney, a purple anthropomorphic Tyrannosaurus rex who conveys learning through songs and small dance routines with a friendly, optimistic attitude. Contents Origin and development Barney & Friends season 1 title card Barney was created in 1987 by Sheryl Leach of Dallas , Texas. She came up with the idea for the program while considering TV shows that she felt would be educational and appeal to her son. Leach then brought together a team who created a series of home videos, Barney and the Backyard Gang , which also starred actress Sandy Duncan in the first 3 videos. Later, Barney was joined by the characters Baby Bop, BJ, and Riff. Although the original videos were only a modest success outside of Texas, Barney became a major success only when the character and format were revamped for the television series and were picked up by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), debuting as Barney & Friends in 1992. The series was produced by Lyrick Studios (bought by HIT Entertainment ) and Connecticut Public Television . For several years, the show was taped at the ColorDynamics Studios facility at Greenville Avenue & Bethany Drive in Allen , after which it moved to The Studios at Las Colinas in Dallas, Texas. Currently, the series is produced in Carrollton, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. The TV series and videos are currently distributed by HiT Entertainment and Lionsgate , while the TV series has been produced by WNET since 2006. Sheryl Leach left the show in 2002 after HIT Entertainment bought Lyrick Studios. Criticism Although the show has been criticized for its lack of educational value,[citation needed] Yale researchers Dorothy and Jerome Singer have concluded that episodes contain a great deal of age-appropriate educational material, calling the program a "model of what preschool television should be." [1] One specific criticism is: [H]is shows do not assist children in learning to deal with negative feelings and emotions. As one commentator puts it, the real danger from Barney is denial: the refusal to recognize the existence of unpleasant realities. For along with his steady diet of giggles and unconditional love, Barney offers our children a one-dimensional world where everyone must be happy and everything must be resolved right away. [2] It is ranked on TV Guide 's List of the 50 Worst TV Shows of All Time at #50. [3] Cast Dinosaurs Barney the Dinosaur The protagonist is a purple and green Tyrannosaurus Rex in stuffed animal likeness, who comes to life through a child's imagination. His theme song is "Barney Is a Dinosaur," which is sung to the tune of " Yankee Doodle ". Episodes frequently end with the song "I Love You", sung to the tune of " This Old Man ," which happens to be Barney's favorite song of all time[citation needed]. Despite being a carnivorous type dinosaur, Barney likes many different foods such as fruits and vegetables, but his main favorite is a peanut butter and jelly sandwich with a glass of milk. Baby Bop A three-year-old green triceratops , Baby Bop has been on the show since the 1991 video "Barney in Concert". She carries a yellow blanket, and sings the song "My Yellow Blankey" to show how much it means to her. She refers to herself as 3 years old. She likes to eat macaroni and cheese and pizza . She wears a pink bow and pink ballet slippers. She is B.J.'s little sister. B.J. A seven-year-old yellow protoceratops , B.J. has been on the show since September 27, 1993. His theme song is "B.J.'s Song". He wears a red baseball cap and red sneakers (as heard in the lyrics of his theme). He has lost his hat in the episode Hats Off to B.J.! and sometimes says stuff to hide fears (like in the episode Barney's Halloween Party, he was shocked by the paper spiders and after learning they were fake, he said "I knew that, sort of."). Pickles are his favorite food and because of that, he actually has had them in different ways like pickles (also with pepperoni, peppers, pineapple and peanut butter) on a pizza (in the episode Barney's Adventure Bus). He is Baby Bop's older brother. Riff Referred as Cousin Riff by Baby Bop, he is an orange six-year-old hadrosaur , who is Baby Bop and B.J.'s cousin. He has been on the show since September 18, 2006. He wears green sneakers. His theme music is "I Hear Music Everywhere." Riff loves music and it's in almost everything he does. In the episode Barney – Let's Go to the Firehouse, it was revealed that Riff also likes to invent things; he created a four-sound smoke detector (the first three were different alarm sounds and the final one his own voice). He even likes marching bands and parades as much as Barney does. Adults The adults on the show are usually one or two time guest actors who portray teachers, storytellers, or other characters. One-time guests Michael and Amy's mom in the early Barney and the Backyard Gang videos. Mr. Boyd Robert Sweatman His full name is Grady Boyd and has a niece named Colleen. First worked as a janitor in Seasons 3–6 and worked as a park keeper in Seasons 7 and 8. Like Stella, Mr. Boyd reappeared in the episode The Best of Barney, taking pictures in the park. He also took the latest picture in Barney's new photo album from Stella. Children Over the years, more than one hundred children have appeared as cast members on the show. Barney & Friends mostly get local talent which is in Texas. Some notable children who have appeared on Barney & Friends and in other Barney media include: Barney Live In New York City (1994) Airings Besides the United States, the TV show has aired in Canada, Mexico and Latin America, France, Ireland, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Japan (On English-based DVDs under the name "Let's Play with Barney in English! (バーニーと英語であそぼう！, Bānī to Eigo de asobô!?)" and on television as simply "Barney & Friends (バーニー&フレンズ, Bānī ando Furenzu!?)" ), the Philippines, Turkey, Australia, and New Zealand, among others. Two known co-productions of Barney & Friends have been produced outside of the US. The Israeli co-production (החברים של ברני Hachaverim shel Barney (The Friends of Barney)) produced from 1997–1999 in Tel Aviv , Israel , was the first of these. Rather than dubbing the American episodes from Seasons 1–3, the episodes are adapted with a unique set and exclusive child actors. The other co-production was one shot in South Korea from 2001–2003, airing on KBS (under the name "바니와 친구들" (Baniwa Chingudeul (Barney and Friends)). This one, however, adapted the first six seasons (including the first three that the Israel co-production did). It was done in a similar manner as the Israel production. Music A majority of the albums of Barney and Friends feature Bob West 's voice as the voice of Barney, though the recent album The Land of Make-Believe (like every album starting with Start Singing with Barney) has Dean Wendt 's voice. Barney's famous song "I Love You" (as well as songs from Sesame Street and Metallica ) has been used by interrogators at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to coerce the detainees. [4] See also

Barney & Friends

After clashing with Zeus and his allies, what race of Greek gods was banished to Tartarus, the pit of torment lying beneath the depths of Hades?

Barney & Friends : Wikis (The Full Wiki) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Barney & Friends Barney & Friends season 3 logo Format Jeff Ayers (Baby Bop suit) Julie Johnson (Baby Bop voice) Patty Wirtz (B.J. voice) 248 (as of season thirteen) Production Original run April 6, 1992 – present Barney & Friends is an independent children's television show produced in the United States, aimed at very young children ages 1–8. The series, which first aired in 1992, features the title character Barney, a purple anthropomorphic Tyrannosaurus rex who conveys learning through songs and small dance routines with a friendly, optimistic attitude. Contents Origin and development Barney & Friends season 1 title card Barney was created in 1987 by Sheryl Leach of Dallas , Texas. She came up with the idea for the program while considering TV shows that she felt would be educational and appeal to her son. Leach then brought together a team who created a series of home videos, Barney and the Backyard Gang , which also starred actress Sandy Duncan in the first 3 videos. Later, Barney was joined by the characters Baby Bop, BJ, and Riff. Although the original videos were only a modest success outside of Texas, Barney became a major success only when the character and format were revamped for the television series and were picked up by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), debuting as Barney & Friends in 1992. The series was produced by Lyrick Studios (bought by HIT Entertainment ) and Connecticut Public Television . For several years, the show was taped at the ColorDynamics Studios facility at Greenville Avenue & Bethany Drive in Allen , after which it moved to The Studios at Las Colinas in Dallas, Texas. Currently, the series is produced in Carrollton, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. The TV series and videos are currently distributed by HiT Entertainment and Lionsgate , while the TV series has been produced by WNET since 2006. Sheryl Leach left the show in 2002 after HIT Entertainment bought Lyrick Studios. Criticism Although the show has been criticized for its lack of educational value,[citation needed] Yale researchers Dorothy and Jerome Singer have concluded that episodes contain a great deal of age-appropriate educational material, calling the program a "model of what preschool television should be." [1] One specific criticism is: [H]is shows do not assist children in learning to deal with negative feelings and emotions. As one commentator puts it, the real danger from Barney is denial: the refusal to recognize the existence of unpleasant realities. For along with his steady diet of giggles and unconditional love, Barney offers our children a one-dimensional world where everyone must be happy and everything must be resolved right away. [2] It is ranked on TV Guide 's List of the 50 Worst TV Shows of All Time at #50. [3] Cast Dinosaurs Barney the Dinosaur The protagonist is a purple and green Tyrannosaurus Rex in stuffed animal likeness, who comes to life through a child's imagination. His theme song is "Barney Is a Dinosaur," which is sung to the tune of " Yankee Doodle ". Episodes frequently end with the song "I Love You", sung to the tune of " This Old Man ," which happens to be Barney's favorite song of all time[citation needed]. Despite being a carnivorous type dinosaur, Barney likes many different foods such as fruits and vegetables, but his main favorite is a peanut butter and jelly sandwich with a glass of milk. Baby Bop A three-year-old green triceratops , Baby Bop has been on the show since the 1991 video "Barney in Concert". She carries a yellow blanket, and sings the song "My Yellow Blankey" to show how much it means to her. She refers to herself as 3 years old. She likes to eat macaroni and cheese and pizza . She wears a pink bow and pink ballet slippers. She is B.J.'s little sister. B.J. A seven-year-old yellow protoceratops , B.J. has been on the show since September 27, 1993. His theme song is "B.J.'s Song". He wears a red baseball cap and red sneakers (as heard in the lyrics of his theme). He has lost his hat in the episode Hats Off to B.J.! and sometimes says stuff to hide fears (like in the episode Barney's Halloween Party, he was shocked by the paper spiders and after learning they were fake, he said "I knew that, sort of."). Pickles are his favorite food and because of that, he actually has had them in different ways like pickles (also with pepperoni, peppers, pineapple and peanut butter) on a pizza (in the episode Barney's Adventure Bus). He is Baby Bop's older brother. Riff Referred as Cousin Riff by Baby Bop, he is an orange six-year-old hadrosaur , who is Baby Bop and B.J.'s cousin. He has been on the show since September 18, 2006. He wears green sneakers. His theme music is "I Hear Music Everywhere." Riff loves music and it's in almost everything he does. In the episode Barney – Let's Go to the Firehouse, it was revealed that Riff also likes to invent things; he created a four-sound smoke detector (the first three were different alarm sounds and the final one his own voice). He even likes marching bands and parades as much as Barney does. Adults The adults on the show are usually one or two time guest actors who portray teachers, storytellers, or other characters. One-time guests Michael and Amy's mom in the early Barney and the Backyard Gang videos. Mr. Boyd Robert Sweatman His full name is Grady Boyd and has a niece named Colleen. First worked as a janitor in Seasons 3–6 and worked as a park keeper in Seasons 7 and 8. Like Stella, Mr. Boyd reappeared in the episode The Best of Barney, taking pictures in the park. He also took the latest picture in Barney's new photo album from Stella. Children Over the years, more than one hundred children have appeared as cast members on the show. Barney & Friends mostly get local talent which is in Texas. Some notable children who have appeared on Barney & Friends and in other Barney media include: Barney Live In New York City (1994) Airings Besides the United States, the TV show has aired in Canada, Mexico and Latin America, France, Ireland, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, Japan (On English-based DVDs under the name "Let's Play with Barney in English! (バーニーと英語であそぼう！, Bānī to Eigo de asobô!?)" and on television as simply "Barney & Friends (バーニー&フレンズ, Bānī ando Furenzu!?)" ), the Philippines, Turkey, Australia, and New Zealand, among others. Two known co-productions of Barney & Friends have been produced outside of the US. The Israeli co-production (החברים של ברני Hachaverim shel Barney (The Friends of Barney)) produced from 1997–1999 in Tel Aviv , Israel , was the first of these. Rather than dubbing the American episodes from Seasons 1–3, the episodes are adapted with a unique set and exclusive child actors. The other co-production was one shot in South Korea from 2001–2003, airing on KBS (under the name "바니와 친구들" (Baniwa Chingudeul (Barney and Friends)). This one, however, adapted the first six seasons (including the first three that the Israel co-production did). It was done in a similar manner as the Israel production. Music A majority of the albums of Barney and Friends feature Bob West 's voice as the voice of Barney, though the recent album The Land of Make-Believe (like every album starting with Start Singing with Barney) has Dean Wendt 's voice. Barney's famous song "I Love You" (as well as songs from Sesame Street and Metallica ) has been used by interrogators at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to coerce the detainees. [4] See also Dialogue Shawn: I like spaghetti and pizza, are they healthy foods? Michael: Well they can be, but to be healthy, you need to eat lots of different kinds of food. Luci: Sure, look here! Come here, Shawn! These are the four food groups, Bread & Cereal, Meats & Protein, Milk & Dairy, & Fruits and Vegetables. Barney: Oh boy! Just look at all the good things to eat. I think it would take a dinosaur to eat all of that. Luci: Breads & Cereals are things like bread, and cereal, and rice, and crackers. Meats & Protein are things like Meat, and fish, and eggs, and peanut butter. Milks & Dairy are things like, milk, and butter, and cheese, ice cream, and yogurt. And there are lots of fruits and vegetables like apples, oranges, bananas, carrots, cauliflower, celery, and lots more. Barney: Yummy, yummy veggies! Michael: So a healthy meal could be.... Uh, some bread, uh, a little bit of peanut butter, uh, a piece of cheese, and uh, some celery sticks! Barney: Oh-ho. I'd like a meal like that. Shawn: Four kinds of foods make one healthy body. But what will happen if someone only ate one kind of food forever and ever? Luci: Oh you wouldn't wanna do that. Something strange might happen. Barney: Oh. Like what? Luci: I'll tell you. There once was a boy who would only eat noodles. Oodles, and oodles, and oodles of noodles. And unless mom served him, he'd go boo-hoo-hoodles. Until she would fill up his plate. Yes unless he got noodles he get him mad noodles. And wiggle and whine and act terribly ruddles. He wouldn't eat salad or meatballs or froodles. He thought those were things that could wait. But then one dark day after eating his noodles, not carrots, and oranges, and such healthy froodles, that little boy turned into a noodle. And let that be a lesson to him, me, and youdle. Shawn: That couldn't really happen could it? Luci: No Shawn, that was just story. But it wouldn't be a bad idea to remember all four food groups in every meal. Quotes about Barney & Friends I was always looking for products and programs that I felt good about and that would entertain my young son and hold his attention, because very few things would hold his attention. ... I started noticing what worked with him and what didn’t – the characters, music, pacing and so on — and I came up with a formula in my mind of what was needed in order to work with preschoolers. Reverend Joseph Chambers in Barney, "The Purple Messiah" (1993-1994) The idea of a seance is at the forefront of almost every "Barney" program. On one show Mother Goose talks to the children from one of her books. Led by Barney, the children commune with Mother Goose and conduct a seance to bring her to them. As they sing and dance their little ditty she — poof! — appears in their presence. The Bible calls that necromancy and says a person who participates in such behavior is an abomination unto the Lord. This kind of occult activity fills the "Barney" material. Conjuring someone up is certainly not kids' play! Reverend Joseph Chambers in Barney, "The Purple Messiah" (1993) Barney, the harmless, ever-so-lovable purple dinosaur who is the star of the highest-rated public TV show for children in the United States, Barney and Friends, becomes a fierce object of hate. A Barney lookalike was viciously attacked in a Texas shopping mall, and an "I Hate Barney Secret Society" has formed, turning Barney's "I Love You, You Love Me" theme song into "I Hate You, You Hate Me, Let's Go Out and Kill Barney!" ... Barney and Friends was envisioned as a toddler show. It was created in the late 1987 by Sheryl Leach , a young mother who wanted a simple program that would entertain her pre-school children. ... Kindergarteners often do still like Barney, but by grade school, most children have learned to disdain him. ... How one wields Barney (whether one "loves" him or "hates" him) is akin to riding a merry-go-round: one does it differently at different ages. Laura Desfor Edles in Cultural Sociology in Practice (2002) Ch. 3 : The Media and Popular Culture, p. 100 Barney and Friends is known for drawing the adoration of preschool viewers and the occasional joke or rolling of the eyes from parents and other adults due to its saccharin sweet content. Media and the American Child : Learning the Hard Way (2007) by George Comstock and Erica Scharrer, p. 133 External links

i don't know

Featuring Steven Van Zandt, Nils Lofgren, and Patti Scialfa, what is the name of the group that backs up Bruce Springsteen?

Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm Listeners Biography Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band are generally regarded as one of the best live bands ever. Famous for their extremely long concerts, the band is well-respected throughout rock. Note that only live recordings can be credited to Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band . The official artist credit for all of Bruce Springsteen's studio recordings (even for those recorded with the E Street Band as his studio band) is Bruce Springsteen . Since forming in 1972, the band's members have changed; however, core members include saxophonist Clarence Clemons, organist Danny Federici, bassist Garry Tallent, drummer Max Weinberg, pianist Roy Bittan and, of course, guitarist/singer/songwriter Bruce Springsteen. Guitarist Steven Van Zandt joined the band while recording Born to Run and made this record at least possible. He became one of the most honored and most influential members. Other musicians important to the band include guitarist Nils Lofgren (who stepped in after Van Zandt quit); guitarist/singer Patti Scialfa (who is also Springsten's wife); and pianist David Sancious and drummers "Mad Dog" Vini Lopez and Ernest "Boom" Carter, who all had left the band prior to Born to Run. Also, The Rising tour saw the official addition of violinist Soozie Tyrell. In 1989 the band split up, after the massive success of the Born in the USA tour and the quieter Tunnel of Love tour. However, in 1999, the band reunited and embarked on a rather successful 18-month reunion tour - the "E-United Tour" - and now were powered by three guitars (Springsteen, Van Zandt and Lofgren, with Scialfa usually playing a fourth, acoustic guitar). Following the events of September 11, 2001, Springsteen and the Band embarked on their first studio recordings (excepting a short recording session for Springsteen's 1995 Greatest Hits album) since 1984's Born in the U.S.A. The band recorded The Rising in 2002, and then hit the road for another marathon, two-year tour. After The Rising, Springsteen recorded two more albums without the E Streeters followed by "Magic", released in October 2007 and featuring the hit single "Radio Nowhere". Magic was followed up by a traditionally strong tour throughout 2008, during which original band-member and friend Danny Federici passed away. Federici had already been temporarily replaced by Charlie Giordano, with whom Springsteen played the year before during the Seeger Sessions. Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band rounded the 100-show tour at Harley-Davidson's 105th anniversary celebration. On January 27, 2009 Springsteen's twenty-fourth album "Working on a Dream" will be released. According to the official press release, Working on a Dream was recorded with the E Street Band and features twelve new Springsteen compositions plus two bonus tracks. It is the fourth collaboration between Springsteen and Brendan O'Brien, who produced and mixed the album. A new tour for 2009 is expected to be announced soon. Springsteen and the E Street Band will play The Super Bowl halftime show on February 1, 2009. Saturday 27th July 2009 saw Bruce and the E-Streeters played The Glastonbury Festival, England. This was the band's first-ever UK festival performance, a total of 135,000 people watched an epic, two-and-a-half hour headlining set. Current members

E Street Band

From the Greek for a district in Thessaly, what element, whit the atomic number of 12, uses the symbol Mg?

Bruce Springsteen’s Biography — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm Listeners Biography Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949 in Freehold, New Jersey, United States) is an American songwriter, singer, and guitarist. With a recording career stretching back to 1966 that continues to this day, he's recorded multiple award-winning studio albums and toured constantly, inspiring generations of pop and rock musicians. He's often known as "The Boss". He has frequently played as Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band . Most widely known for his brand of heartland rock infused with pop hooks, poetic lyrics, and Americana sentiments, he often sings songs centered around his native New Jersey. Initially inspired by the tuneful songwriting of British invasion music as well as the vocal swagger of Elvis Presley , his eloquence in expressing ordinary, everyday problems has earned him numerous awards, including twenty Grammy Awards and an Academy Award, along with a notoriously dedicated and devoted global fan base. He has sold over 70 million releases in the U.S. alone. Springsteen's lyrics often concern men and women struggling to make ends meet. In this sense he was sometimes compared to Woody Guthrie and other popular folk artists. He has gradually become more and more identified with progressive politics, particularly working-class pride. Springsteen is also noted for his support of various relief and rebuilding efforts in New Jersey and elsewhere, and for his response to the September 11, 2001 attacks, on which his album The Rising reflects. Springsteen's recordings have tended to alternate between commercially accessible rock and roll albums, often inspired by contemporary pop rock , and somber folk -oriented works. Much of his iconic status stems from the concerts and marathon shows in which he and the E Street Band present intense ballads, rousing anthems, and party rock and roll songs, among which Springsteen intersperses long, whimsical tales or deeply emotional stories alongside numerous jokes and asides. Springsteen has long had the nickname "The Boss," a term which he was initially reported to dislike but now seems to have come to terms with, as he sometimes jokingly refers to himself as such on stage. The nickname originated when a young Springsteen, playing club gigs with a band in the 1960s, took on the task of collecting the band's nightly pay and distributing it amongst his bandmates. Early years Springsteen was born in a hospital in Long Branch, New Jersey. He was raised in nearby Freehold. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was a bus driver of Dutch and Irish ancestry. His mother, Adele Ann Zirilli, was a legal secretary of Italian ancestry. He has an older sister, Virginia, and a younger sister, Pamela. Pamela Springsteen had a brief film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full time. Raised a Roman Catholic, Springsteen attended the St. Rose of Lima parochial school in Freehold Borough, where he was at odds with both the nuns and other students, even though much of his later music reflected a deep Catholic ethos and included many rock-influenced, traditional Irish-Catholic hymns. In ninth grade he transferred to the public Freehold High School, but did not fit in there either. He completed high school but felt so uncomfortable that he skipped his own graduation ceremony. He briefly attended Ocean County College, but dropped out. It is rumored that the Dean of Students confronted Springsteen because his clothing made the other students "uncomfortable." Springsteen had been inspired to take up music at the age of seven after seeing Elvis Presley on The Ed Sullivan Show. At 13, he bought his first guitar for $18; later, his mother took out a loan to buy the 16-year-old Springsteen a $60 Kent guitar, an event he later memorialized in his song "The Wish". In 1965, he went to the house of Tex and Marion Vinyard, who sponsored young bands in town. They helped him become the lead guitarist of The Castiles, and later lead singer of the group. The Castiles recorded two original songs at a public recording studio in Brick Township, New Jersey and played a variety of venues, including Cafe Wha? in Greenwich Village. Marion Vinyard said that she believed Springsteen when, as a young man, he said he was going to make it big. From 1969 through early 1971, Springsteen performed around New Jersey with guitarist Steve Van Zandt, organist Danny Federici and drummer Vini Lopez in a band called Child, later renamed Steel Mill. They went on to play the mid-Atlantic college circuit, and also briefly in California. During this time Springsteen also performed regularly at small clubs in Asbury Park and along the Jersey Shore, quickly gathering a cult following. Other acts followed over the next two years, as Springsteen sought to shape a unique and genuine musical and songwriting style: Dr Zoom & the Sonic Boom (early-mid 1971), Sundance Blues Band (mid 1971), and The Bruce Springsteen Band (mid 1971-mid 1972). With the addition of pianist David Sancious, the core of what would later become the E Street Band was formed, with occasional temporary additions such as horns sections, "The Zoomettes" (a group of female backing vocalists for "Dr Zoom") and Southside Johnny Lyon on harmonica. Musical genres explored included blues, R&B, jazz, church music, early rock'n'roll, and soul. His profilic songwriting ability, with more words in some individual songs than other artists had in whole albums, brought his skill to the attention of several people who were about to change his life: new managers Mike Appel and Jim Cretecos, and legendary Columbia Records talent scout John Hammond, who, under Appel's pressure, auditioned Springsteen in May 1972. Even after gaining international acclaim, Springsteen's New Jersey roots reverberated in his music, and he routinely praised "the great state of New Jersey" in his live shows. Drawing on his extensive local appeal, he routinely sold out consecutive nights in major New Jersey and Philadelphia venues and, much like the Grateful Dead, his song lists varied significantly from one night to the next. He also made many surprise appearances at The Stone Pony and other shore nightclubs over the years, becoming the foremost exponent of the Jersey Shore sound. 1972–1974 Springsteen signed a record deal with Columbia Records in 1972, with the help of John Hammond, who had signed Bob Dylan to the same record label a decade earlier. Springsteen brought many of his New Jersey-based colleagues into the studio with him, thus forming the E Street Band (although it would not be formally named as such for a couple more years). His debut album, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., released in January 1973, established him as a critical favorite, though sales were slow. Because of his lyrics-heavy, folk rock-rooted music exemplified on tracks like "Blinded by the Light" and "For You," as well as the Columbia and Hammond connections, critics initially compared Springsteen to Bob Dylan. "He sings with a freshness and urgency I haven't heard since I was rocked by 'Like a Rolling Stone'," wrote Crawdaddy magazine editor Peter Knobler in Springsteen's first interview/profile, in March, 1973. Crawdaddy "discovered" Springsteen in the rock press and was his earliest champion. Famed music critic Lester Bangs wrote in Creem, 1975, that when Springsteen's first album was released….."many of us dismissed it: he wrote like Bob Dylan and Van Morrison, sang like Van Morrison and Robbie Robertson, and led a band that sounded like Van Morrison's." The track "Spirit in the Night" especially showed Morrison's influence, while with "Lost in the Flood" Springsteen presented the first of his many portraits of Vietnam veterans. In September 1973 his second album, The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle was released, again to critical acclaim but no commercial success. Springsteen's songs became grander in form and scope, with the E Street Band providing a less folky, more R&B vibe and the lyrics often romanticizing teenage street life. "4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" and "Incident on 57th Street" would become fan favorites, and the long, rousing "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" would rank among Springsteen's most beloved concert numbers. In the May 22, 1974 issue of Boston's The Real Paper, music critic Jon Landau wrote after seeing a performance at the Harvard Square Theater, "I saw rock and roll future and its name is Bruce Springsteen. And on a night when I needed to feel young, he made me feel like I was hearing music for the very first time." Landau subsequently became Springsteen's manager and producer, helping to finish the epic new album, Born to Run. Given an enormous budget in a last-ditch effort at a commercially viable record, Springsteen became bogged down in the recording process while striving for a wall of sound production. But, fed by the release of an early mix of "Born to Run" to progressive rock radio, anticipation built toward the album's release. 1975–1981 On August 13, 1975, Springsteen and the E Street Band began a five-night, 10-show stand at New York's Bottom Line club; it attracted major media attention, was broadcast live on WNEW-FM, and convinced many skeptics that Springsteen was for real. (Decades later, Rolling Stone magazine would name the stand as one of the 50 Moments That Changed Rock and Roll.) With the release of Born to Run on August 25, 1975, Springsteen finally found success: while there were no real hit singles, "Born to Run", "Thunder Road", "Tenth Avenue Freeze-out" and "Jungleland" all received massive FM radio airplay and remain perennial favorites on many classic rock stations to this day. With its panoramic imagery, thundering production and desperate optimism, some fans consider this among the best rock and roll albums of all time and Springsteen's finest work. It established him as a sincere and dynamic rock and roll personality who spoke for and in the voice of a large part of the rock audience. To cap off the triumph, Springsteen appeared on the covers of both Time and Newsweek in the same week, on October 27 of that year. So great did the wave of publicity become that Springsteen eventually rebelled against it during his first venture overseas, tearing down promotional posters before a concert appearance in London. A legal battle with former manager Mike Appel kept Springsteen out of the studio for over two years, during which time he kept The E Street Band together through extensive touring across the U.S. Despite the optimistic fervor with which he often performed, the new songs he was writing and often debuting on stage had taken a more somber tone than much of his previous work. Reaching settlement with Appel in 1977, Springsteen finally returned to the studio, and the subsequent sessions produced Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978). Musically, this album was a turning point of Springsteen's career. Gone were the rapid-fire lyrics, outsized characters and long, multi-part musical compositions of the first three albums; now the songs were leaner and more carefully drawn and began to reflect Springsteen's growing intellectual and political awareness. Some fans consider Darkness Springsteen's best and most consistent record; tracks such as "Badlands" and "The Promised Land" became concert staples for decades to come, while the track "Prove It All Night" received a significant amount of radio airplay (#33, Billboard Hot 100). Other fans would prefer the work of the adventurous early Springsteen. The cross-country 1978 tour to promote the album would become legendary for the intensity of its shows. By the late 1970s, Springsteen had earned a reputation in the pop world as a songwriter whose material could provide hits for other bands. Manfred Mann's Earth Band had achieved a U.S. number one pop hit with a heavily rearranged version of Greetings' "Blinded by the Light" in early 1977. Patti Smith reached number 13 with her take on Springsteen's unreleased "Because the Night" (which Smith co-wrote) in 1978, while The Pointer Sisters hit number two in 1979 with Springsteen's also-unreleased "Fire". In September 1979, Springsteen and the E Street Band joined the Musicians United for Safe Energy anti-nuclear power collective at Madison Square Garden for two nights, playing an abbreviated setlist while premiering two songs from his upcoming album. The subsequent No Nukes live album, as well as the following summer's No Nukes documentary film, represented the first official recordings and filmings of Springsteen's fabled live act, as well as Springsteen's first tentative dip into political involvement. Springsteen continued to consolidate his thematic focus on working-class life with the double album The River in 1980, which finally yielded his first hit Top Ten single as a performer, "Hungry Heart", but also included an intentionally paradoxical range of material from good-time party rockers to emotionally intense ballads. The album sold well, and a long tour in 1980 and 1981 followed, featuring Springsteen's first extended playing of Europe and ending with a series of multi-night arena stands in major cities in the U.S. 1982–1989 Springsteen suddenly veered off the normal rock career course, following The River with the stark solo acoustic Nebraska in 1982. According to the Marsh biographies, Springsteen was in a depressed state when he wrote this material, and the result is a brutal depiction of American life. The title track on this album is about the murder spree of Charles Starkweather. The album actually started (according to Marsh) as a demo tape for new songs to be played with the E Street Band - but during the recording process, Springsteen and producer Landau realized they worked better as solo acoustic numbers; several attempts at re-recording the songs in a studio led them to realize that the original versions, recorded on a simple, low-tech four-track cassette deck in Springsteen's kitchen, were the best versions they were going to get. While Nebraska did not sell especially well, it garnered widespread critical praise (including being named "Album of the Year" by Rolling Stone magazine's critics) and influenced later significant works by other major artists, including U2's album, The Joshua Tree. It helped inspire the musical genre known as lo-fi music, becoming a cult favorite among indie-rockers. Springsteen did not tour in conjunction with Nebraska's release. Springsteen probably is best known for his album Born in the U.S.A. (1984), which sold 15 million copies in the U.S. alone and became one of the best-selling albums of all time with seven singles hitting the top 10, and the massively successful world tour that followed it. The title track was a bitter commentary on the treatment of Vietnam veterans, some of whom were Springsteen's friends and bandmates. The song was widely misinterpreted as jingoistic, and in connection with the 1984 presidential campaign became the subject of considerable folklore. Springsteen also turned down several million dollars offered by Chrysler Corporation for using the song in a car commercial. (In later years, Springsteen performed the song accompanied only with acoustic guitar to make the song's original meaning more explicitly clear. An acoustic version also appeared on Tracks, a later album.) "Dancing in the Dark" was the biggest of seven hit singles from Born in the U.S.A., peaking at No. 2 on the Billboard music charts. The music video for the song featured a young Courteney Cox dancing on stage with Springsteen, an appearance which helped kickstart the actress's career; a number of the videos for the album were made by noted film directors Brian De Palma or John Sayles. During the Born in the U.S.A. Tour he met actress Julianne Phillips. They were married in Lake Oswego, Oregon, on May 13, 1985 surrounded by intense media attention. Opposites in background, their marriage was not to be long-lived. Springsteen's 1987 album Tunnel of Love described some of his unhappinesses in the relationship and during the subsequent Tunnel of Love Express tour, Springsteen took up with backup singer Patti Scialfa, as reported by many tabloids. Subsequently, Phillips and Springsteen filed for divorce in 1988. The divorce was finalized in 1989. The Born in the U.S.A. period represented the height of Springsteen's visibility in popular culture and the broadest audience demographic he would ever reach (this was further helped by releasing Arthur Baker dance mixes of three of the singles). Live/1975–85, a five-record box set (also released on three cassettes or three CDs), was released near the end of 1986 and also became a huge success, selling 13 million units in the U.S. and becoming the first box set to debut at No. 1 on the U.S. album charts. It is one of the best selling live albums of all time. It summed up Springsteen's career to that point and displayed some of the elements that made his shows so powerful to his fans: the switching from mournful dirges to party rockers and back; the communal sense of purpose between artist and audience; the long, intense spoken passages before songs, including those describing Springsteen's difficult relationship with his father; and the instrumental prowess of the E Street Band, such as in the long coda to "Racing in the Street". Despite its popularity, some fans and critics felt the album's song selection could have been better. Springsteen concerts are the subjects of frequent bootleg recording and trading among fans. After this commercial peak, Springsteen released the much more sedate and contemplative Tunnel of Love (1987), a mature reflection on the many faces of love found, lost and squandered, which only selectively used the E Street Band. It presaged the breakup of his first marriage, to Julianne Phillips. Reflecting the challenges of love in Brilliant Disguise, Springsteen sang: I heard somebody call your name, from underneath our willow. I saw something tucked in shame, underneath your pillow. Well I've tried so hard baby, but I just can't see. What a woman like you is doing with me. The subsequent Tunnel of Love Express tour shook up fans with changes to the stage layout, favorites dropped from the set list, and horn-based arrangements; during the European leg in 1988, Springsteen's relationship with E Street Band backup singer Patti Scialfa became public. Later in 1988, Springsteen headlined the truly worldwide Human Rights Now! tour for Amnesty International. In the fall of 1989, he dissolved the E Street Band, and he and Scialfa relocated to California. 1990s Springsteen married Scialfa in 1991; they have three children Evan James (b. 1990), Jessica Rae (b.1991) and Sam Ryan (b.1994). In 1992, after risking charges of "going Hollywood" by moving to Los Angeles (a radical move for someone so linked to the blue-collar life of the Jersey Shore) and working with session musicians, Springsteen released two albums at once. Human Touch and Lucky Town were even more introspective than any of his previous work. Also different about these albums was the confidence he displayed. As opposed to his first two albums, which dreamed of happiness, and his next four, which showed him growing to fear it, at points during the Lucky Town album, Springsteen actually claims happiness for himself. Some E Street Band fans voiced (and continue to voice) a low opinion of these albums, (especially Human Touch), and did not follow the subsequent "Other Band" Tour. For other fans, however, who had only come to know Springsteen after the 1975 consolidation of the E Street Band, the "Other Band" Tour was an exciting opportunity to see Springsteen develop a working onstage relationship with a different group of musicians, and to see him explore the Asbury Park soul-and-gospel base in some of his classic material. It was also during this tour that fans generally became aware of Springsteen using a teleprompter so as to not forget his lyrics, a practice that has continued ever since. An electric band appearance on the acoustic MTV Unplugged television program (that was later released as In Concert/MTV Plugged) was poorly received and further cemented fan dissatisfaction. Springsteen seemed to realize this a few years hence when he spoke humorously of his late father during his Rock and Roll Hall of Fame acceptance speech: I've gotta thank him because — what would I conceivably have written about without him? I mean, you can imagine that if everything had gone great between us, we would have had disaster. I would have written just happy songs – and I tried it in the early '90s and it didn't work; the public didn't like it. A multiple Grammy Award winner, Springsteen also won an Academy Award in 1994 for his song "Streets of Philadelphia", which appeared in the soundtrack to the film Philadelphia. The song, along with the film, was applauded by many for its sympathetic portrayal of a gay man dying of AIDS. The music video for the song shows Springsteen's actual vocal performance, recorded using a hidden microphone, to a prerecorded instrumental track. This was a technique developed on the "Brilliant Disguise" video. In 1995, after temporarily re-organizing the E Street Band for a few new songs recorded for his first Greatest Hits album (a recording session that was chronicled in the documentary Blood Brothers), he released his second (mostly) solo guitar album, The Ghost of Tom Joad. This was generally less well-received than the similar Nebraska, due to the minimal melody, twangy vocals, and didactic nature of most of the songs, although some praised it for giving voice to immigrants and others who rarely have one in American culture. The lengthy, worldwide, small-venue solo acoustic Ghost of Tom Joad Tour that followed successfully featured many of his older songs in drastically reshaped acoustic form, although Springsteen had to explicitly remind his audiences to be quiet during the performances. Following the tour, Springsteen moved back to New Jersey with his family. In 1998, another precursor to the E Street Band's upcoming re-birth appeared in the form of a sprawling, four-disc box set of out-takes, Tracks. In 1999, Springsteen and the E Street Band officially came together again and went on the extensive Reunion Tour, lasting over a year. Highlights included a record sold-out, 15-show run at Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey to kick off the American leg of the tour. 2000s Springsteen's Reunion Tour with the E Street Band ended with a triumphant ten-night, sold-out engagement at New York City's Madison Square Garden in mid-2000 and controversy over a new song, "American Skin (41 Shots)", about the police shooting of Amadou Diallo. The final shows at Madison Square Garden were recorded and resulted in an HBO Concert, with corresponding DVD and album releases as Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band: Live in New York City. In 2002, Springsteen released his first studio effort with the full band in 18 years, The Rising, produced by Brendan O'Brien. The album, mostly a reflection on the September 11 attacks, was a critical and popular success. The title track gained airplay in several radio formats, and the record became Springsteen's best-selling album of new material in 15 years. Kicked off by an early-morning Asbury Park appearance on The Today Show, The Rising Tour commenced, barnstorming through a series of single-night arena stands in the U.S. and Europe to promote the album in 2002, then returning for large-scale, multiple-night stadium shows in 2003. While Springsteen had maintained a loyal hardcore fan base everywhere (and particularly in Europe), his general popularity had dipped over the years in some southern and midwestern regions of the U.S. But it was still strong in Europe and along the U.S. coasts, and he played an unprecedented 10 nights in Giants Stadium in New Jersey, a ticket-selling feat to which no other musical act has come close. During these shows Springsteen thanked those fans who were attending multiple shows and those who were coming from long distances or another country; the advent of robust Bruce-oriented online communities had made such practices more common. The Rising Tour came to a final conclusion with three nights in Shea Stadium, highlighted by renewed controversy over "American Skin" and a guest appearance by Bob Dylan. During the 2000s, Springsteen became a visible advocate for the revitalization of Asbury Park, and he's played an annual series of winter holiday concerts there to benefit various local businesses, organizations and causes. These shows are explicitly intended for the faithful, featuring numbers such as the unreleased (until Tracks) E Street Shuffle outtake "Thundercrack", a rollicking group-participation song that would mystify casual Springsteen fans. He also frequently rehearses for tours in Asbury Park; some of his most devoted followers even go so far as to stand outside the building to hear what fragments they can of the upcoming shows. The song "My City of Ruins" was originally written about Asbury Park, in honor of the attempts to revitalize the city. Looking for an appropriate song for a post-Sept. 11 benefit concert honoring New York City, he selected "My City of Ruins," which was immediately recognized as an emotional highlight of the concert, with its gospel themes and its heartfelt exhortations to "Rise up!" The song became associated with post-9/11 New York, and he chose it to close "The Rising" album and as an encore on the subsequent tour. At the Grammy Awards of 2003, Springsteen performed The Clash's "London Calling" along with Elvis Costello, Dave Grohl, and E Street Band member Steven Van Zandt in tribute to Joe Strummer; Springsteen and the Clash had once been considered multiple-album-dueling rivals at the time of the double The River and the triple Sandinista!. In 2004, Springsteen announced that he and the E Street Band would participate in a politically motivated "Vote for Change" tour, in conjunction with John Mellencamp, John Fogerty, the Dixie Chicks, Pearl Jam, R.E.M., Bright Eyes, Dave Matthews Band, Jackson Browne and other musicians. All concerts were to be held in swing states, to benefit MoveOn.org and to encourage people to vote against George W. Bush. A finale was held in Washington, D.C., bringing many of the artists together. Several days later, Springsteen held one more such concert in New Jersey, when polls showed that state surprisingly close. While in past years Springsteen had played benefits for causes in which he believed – against nuclear energy, for Vietnam veterans, Amnesty International and the Christic Institute – he had always refrained from explicitly endorsing candidates for political office (indeed he had rejected the efforts of Walter Mondale to attract an endorsement during the 1984 Reagan "Born in the U.S.A." flap). This new stance led to criticism and praise from the expected partisan sources. Springsteen's "No Surrender" became the main campaign theme song for John Kerry's unsuccessful presidential campaign; in the last days of the campaign, he performed acoustic versions of the song and some of his other old songs at Kerry rallies. Springsteen's stance coincided with a reduction in his fan base over the next two years, but how much was due to his politics versus his noncommercial music choices was unclear. Devils & Dust was released on April 26, 2005, and was recorded without the E Street Band. It is a low-key, mostly acoustic album, in the same vein as Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad although with a little more instrumentation. Some of the material was written almost 10 years earlier during, or shortly after, the Ghost of Tom Joad Tour, a couple of them being performed then but never released. The title track concerns an ordinary soldier's feelings and fears during the Iraq War. Starbucks rejected a co-branding deal for the album, due in part to some sexually explicit content but also because of Springsteen's anti-corporate politics. Nonetheless, the album entered the album charts at No. 1 in 10 countries (United States, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland). Springsteen began the solo Devils & Dust Tour at the same time as the album's release, playing both small and large venues. Attendance was disappointing in a few regions, and everywhere (other than in Europe) tickets were easier to get than in the past. Unlike his mid-1990s solo tour, he performed on piano, electric piano, pump organ, autoharp, ukulele, banjo, electric guitar and stomping board, as well as acoustic guitar and harmonica, adding variety to the solo sound. (Offstage synthesizer, guitar and percussion also are used for some songs.) Unearthly renditions of "Reason to Believe", "The Promised Land", and Suicide's "Dream Baby Dream" jolted audiences to attention, while rarities, frequent set list changes, and a willingness to keep trying even through audible piano mistakes kept most of his loyal audiences happy. In November 2005, New Jersey Senators Frank Lautenberg and Jon Corzine sponsored a U.S. Senate resolution to honor Springsteen on the 30th anniversary of the release of his Born to Run album. In general, resolutions honoring native sons are passed with a simple voice vote. For unstated reasons, this resolution was killed in committee. Also in November 2005, Sirius Satellite Radio started a 24-hour, seven-day-a-week radio station on Channel 10 called "E Street Radio." This channel featured commercial-free Bruce Springsteen music, including rare tracks, interviews and daily concerts of Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band recorded throughout their career. In April 2006, Springsteen released another radical departure, We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions, an American roots music project focused around a big folk sound treatment of 15 songs popularized by the radical musical activism of Pete Seeger. It was recorded with a large ensemble of musicians, including only Patti Scialfa, Soozie Tyrell, and The Miami Horns from past efforts. In contrast to previous albums, this was recorded in only three one-day sessions, and frequently one can hear Springsteen calling out key changes live as the band explores its way through the tracks. The Bruce Springsteen with The Seeger Sessions Band Tour began the same month, featuring the 18-strong ensemble of musicians dubbed the Seeger Sessions Band (and later shortened to the Sessions Band). Seeger Sessions material was heavily featured, as well as a handful of (usually drastically rearranged) Springsteen numbers. The tour proved very popular in Europe, selling out everywhere and receiving some excellent reviews, but newspapers reported that a number of U.S. shows suffered from sparse attendance. By the end of 2006, the Seeger Sessions tour toured Europe twice and toured America for only a short span. Bruce Springsteen with The Sessions Band: Live in Dublin, containing selections from three nights of November 2006 shows at the The Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, was released the following June. Springsteen's most recent album, entitled Magic, was released on October 2, 2007. Recorded with the E Street Band, it featured ten new announced Springsteen songs plus "Long Walk Home," performed once with the Sessions band, and a hidden track (the first included on a Springsteen studio release), "Terry's Song," a tribute to Springsteen's long-time assistant Terry Magovern who died on July 30, 2007. The first single "Radio Nowhere" was made available for a free download on August 28. On October 7, Magic debuted at number 1 in Ireland and the UK. Greatest Hits reentered the Irish charts at number 57, and Live in Dublin almost cracked the top 20 in Norway again. On October 11, 2007 Media Traffic reported that Springsteen's Magic sold 563,000 copies around the world in its first week, making it the best-selling record in the world for that particular week. The next world chart saw Bruce remain at the top, selling another 270,000 copies of Magic and bringing the total for that album to 833,000 copies worldwide. Sirius Satellite Radio also restarted "E Street Radio" on Channel 10, on September 27, 2007 in anticipation of Magic. Radio conglomerate Clear Channel Communications reportedly decided to not play the new album, sending an edict to its classic rock stations to not play any songs from the new album, while continuing to play older Springsteen material. An accompanying tour with the E Street Band began at the Hartford Civic Center with the album's release and was routed to North America and Europe. Springsteen and the band performed live on NBC's Today Show in advance of the opener. Springsteen was the musical guest on November 9, 2007 at former-New York Yankees manager Joe Torre's "Safe At Home" Foundation's 5th annual gala. Yankees' outfielder Bernie Williams joined Springsteen on stage and contibuted two guitar solos to an impromptu rendition of the Springsteen hit, "Glory Days". Magic was followed up by a traditionally strong tour throughout 2008, during which original band-member and friend Danny Federici passed away. Federici had already been temporarily replaced by Charlie Giordano, with whom Springsteen played the year before during the Seeger Sessions. Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band rounded the 100-show tour at Harley-Davidson’s 105th anniversary celebration. On January 27, 2009 Springsteen’s twenty-fourth album “Working on a Dream” was released. According to the official press release, Working on a Dream was recorded with the E Street Band and features twelve new Springsteen compositions plus two bonus tracks. It is the fourth collaboration between Springsteen and Brendan O’Brien, who produced and mixed the album. A new tour for 2009 is expected to be announced soon. Springsteen and the E Street Band will play The Super Bowl halftime show on February 1, 2009. Springsteen's 17th studio album, Wrecking Ball, was released on March 6, 2012. Three songs previously only available as live versions—"Wrecking Ball", "Land of Hope and Dreams", and "American Land"—appear on the album. The anthemic up-tempo rocker, "We Take Care Of Our Own" is the album's lead single. It finds The Boss singing of patriotism and brotherhood and decrying the broken promises of the government. "Wherever this flag's flown, we take care of our own," he croons. The song was released on January 19, 2012. Springsteen released his eighteenth studio album, High Hopes, on January 14, 2014. The first single and music video was a newly recorded version of the song "High Hopes", which Springsteen had previously recorded in 1995. The album was the first by Springsteen in which all songs are either cover songs, newly recorded outtakes from previous records, or newly recorded versions of songs previously released. The 2014 E Street Band touring lineup, along with deceased E Street Band members Clarence Clemons and Danny Federici, appears on the album along with guitarist Tom Morello. E Street Band The E Street Band is considered to have started in October 1972, even though it was not officially known as such until September 1974. The E Street Band was inactive from the end of 1988 through early 1999, except for a brief reunion in 1995. Current members

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As portrayed in the 1984 movie Amadeus, what classical composer is accused of having had a hand in the death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, on Dec 5, 1791?

The movie, Pictures and Costumes on Pinterest Amadeus ( 1984 ) F. Murray Abraham , Tom Hulce. Directora : Milos Forman. Historia de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , contada por su homólogo y rival secreto Antonio Salieri. See More

Antonio Salieri

For a point each, name the 2 countries surrounding the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.

EXPRESS_02272014 by Express - issuu issuu On Sundays, we’ll come to you. readexpress.com | @wapoexpress FEBRUARY 27, 2014 Thursday Wall, Wizards show they can share during four straight wins 20 D.C. FIREWATER Moonshine moves from backwoods brew to smooth city sip E12 NASA’s Kepler spots a trove of previously undiscovered planets 3 39 | 16 pm F O R E X T E N D E D F O R E C A S T, S E E PA G E 2 9 JASON HORNICK (FOR EXPRESS)/EXPRESS ILLUSTRATION NASA/AP Facing increased surveillance, some local street artists trade spray paint for a faster way to tag 14 CROWDED SPACE A PU BL ICAT ION OF TWP Sign up now for free home delivery of our new Sunday edition at SavingsNow.washpost.com. N EWS, E N T E RTA I N M E N T, A RTS, L I F E ST Y L E S FREE DAILY D.C. street artist iwillnot demonstrates his craft on an out-of-service Express box. 2 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY CHANNI ANAND (AP) eye openers DISTRACTIONS Police Redirected Mob’s Attention to New Ikea Line Police restored order in Stockholm on Wednesday after Sweden’s public employment service accidentally sent an email invitation for a recruitment event to 61,000 jobseekers instead of 1,000. Police said several thousand people showed up to the event where jobseekers sought to meet with potential employers. Police report many people were upset but no arrests were made. (AP) PET PEEVES “They say ‘leave that little girl and her rooster alone!’ ” — ARTHUR SMITH, THE MAYOR OF DUFUR, ORE., TELLS THE OREGONIAN ON TUESDAY ABOUT SOME OF THE COMMUNITY’S REACTION TO HIS DECISION TO CITE A LOCAL FAMILY FOR NOISE AND NUISANCES AFTER NEIGHBORS COMPLAINED OF 5-YEAROLD AYLA MACNAB’S PET ROOSTER DRUNKEN DIALING 311, 411 Turned Her Down, Too GOING GREEN: A woman in Jammu, India, dresses as Hindu goddess Kali on Wednesday for a procession on the eve of Maha Shivratri, a festival dedicated to the worship of the Hindu god Shiva. Are you a DC Resident diagnosed with AIDS or HIV, Cancer, Glaucoma or Muscle Spasticity? MARIJUANA CAN HELP! PLAN AHEAD. Bring your valid Doctor’s Recommendation to Takoma Wellness Center and we will • Help you complete the paperwork • Take the photos you need • Hand deliver your application to the Health Department (we pay the $100 Fee!) • Schedule your first appointment Need a valid Doctor’s Recommendation? 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(EXPRESS) T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 3 Nation 588 Soldiers Removed From Jobs Army finds troops unsuitable for their ‘positions of trust’ Washington The Army removed 588 soldiers from sensitive jobs such as sexualassault counselors and recruiters after finding they had committed infractions such as sexual assault, child abuse and drunken driving, officials said Wednesday. The move resulted from orders “We will continue working to better ensure we select the very best people for these posts.” — COL . DAV ID PAT TERSON, AN ARMY SPOKESMAN, IN A STATEMENT by Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel last year that all the services review the qualifications of people holding those jobs as part of an effort to stem a rising number of sexual assaults in the military. The Army said it reviewed the qualifications and records of 20,000 soldiers and found 588 unsuitable for their jobs as recruiters, drill sergeants, training-school instructors and staff of sexual-assault prevention and response programs. It was unclear whether they were reassigned or kicked out of the service. The Navy looked at some 11,000 In Brief employees and found five unqualified. USA Today, which first reported the results of the reviews, said the Air Force and Marines found no one to disqualify. It was unclear why the other service branches reported so few problems, but Pentagon officials said the Army did a more stringent review. It scrutinized not only its recruiting and sex-assault response and prevention staffs, but also people in other jobs it calls “positions of trust,” such as the drill sergeants and other instructors. PAULINE JELINEK (AP) AUSTIN, TEXAS Judge Strikes Down Texas Gay-Marriage Ban A federal judge declared a same-sex marriage ban in deeply conservative Texas unconstitutional Wednesday but will allow the state to enforce the law pending an appeal that will likely go to the U.S. Supreme Court. (AP) WASHINGTON Feds Sue College Chain The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau filed suit Wednesday against ITT Educational Services Inc., a for-profit college chain, alleging that it pushed students into high-cost student loans knowing they would likely end in default. (AP) NASA Finds 715 More Planets in Our Galaxy To the list of planets orbiting distant stars, add another 715. That’s the number of planets, strewn among 305 planetary systems, popping out of the observational data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope. “We’ve almost doubled today the number of planets known to humanity,” said Jack Lissauer, a NASA planetary scientist, announcing the discovery Wednesday. These new planets are all in multi-planet systems and are rela- tively modest in size — most smaller than Neptune. Four are about twice the size of Earth and are in orbits that put them in what is considered the habitable zone of their stars, at a distance that could allow water to be in a liquid state at the surface. There are surely more habitablezone planets out there. Small planets in very tight orbits are the ones most likely to be detected by Kepler. The new studies looked at only the first two years of Kepler’s data collection. To find a planet, Kepler needs to make several observations Delta Rewards to Change Delta Air Lines said Wednesday it is making changes to its frequent flier program and will reward those who buy its priciest tickets, not fly the most miles. (AP) NASA’s artist conception depicts multiple-transiting planet systems. of transits, and the more-distant planets have longer orbital periods. The discovery is good news for astronomers hoping that NASA will NASA/AP Washington ATLANTA build more advanced planet-hunting telescopes capable of directly imaging an Earth-like planet. JOEL ACHENBACH (THE WASHINGTON POST) 46% The amount Target’s profits dropped in fourth-quarter 2013 from the same period in 2012, affected by the large theft of customer data, Target said Wednesday. (AP) 4 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Nation LIPOSUCTION-TUMMYTUCK.com SP IA L ENDSEC SOON After 202.452.1332 24th&ISt.NW• 301.738.6766 • 703.533.1025 • www.vitasurgical.com This is Every Tuesday in Express Healthy adult volunteers needed The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting outpatient research studies on fear and anxiety at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Over a period of one to three visits of one to three hours each, participants will be interviewed and complete computer tasks during which heart rate will be recorded. Volunteers must be between 18-50 years of age, medically healthy, and not be taking medica tion. There is no cost for study-related tests. Compensation will be provided. F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n, p l e a s e c a l l : 1 - 8 0 0 - 4 11 - 1 2 2 2 ( T T Y: 1 - 8 6 6 - 4 11 - 1 0 1 0 ) Se habla español Or go online, clinicaltrials.gov Refer to study #: 01-M-0185 or 02-M-0321 Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Inst itute of Mental Health The NIH Clinical Center, America’s research hospital, is located on the Metro red line in Bethesda, Maryland. NIH...Turning Discovery Into Health OTHER STUDIES ! 0 Down Financing Government and Military discounts available No credit check Guaranteed financing Payment/Installment Plans Jennifer Fontaine took a fetal DNA test, which said her fetus — baby Morgan — would be fine. DNA Tests May Help Prenatal Care A DNA test of a pregnant woman’s blood is more accurate than current methods of screening for Down syndrome and other common disorders, new research published Wednesday by the New England Journal of Medicine finds. Current screening methods are imprecise. Ultrasounds and various blood tests can hint at a problem but don’t directly test for one. The next step is diagnostic testing — amniocentesis, like a needle biopsy to collect fetal cells, or chorionic villus sampling, which takes a snip of the placenta. Both bring a small risk of miscarriage. (AP) Older Dads Linked To Kid Psych Woes Number of Obese Toddlers Drops The news: Older fathers may face higher risks than previously thought for having children with psychiatric problems, including bipolar disorder, autism and attention deficits. The study: American and Swedish researchers examined data on 2.6 million Swedes born between 1973 and 2001. Published: In JAMA Psychiatry The discovery: Compared with kids of younger dads, those fathered by men at age 45 and older faced risks almost 25 times greater for bipolar disorder; 13 times greater for ADHD; and more than three times greater for autism. The takeaway: “There’s no reason to ring the alarm bells that older men shouldn’t have kids” unless the results are replicated in research and more evidence is found, molecular geneticist Simon Gregory said. (AP) The news: Toddler obesity shrank sharply in the past decade, but it’s not proof that the nation has turned a corner in the battle against childhood obesity, some experts say. The study: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011-2012 of about 9,100 people, including nearly 600 infants and toddlers Published: In the Journal of the American Medical Association The discovery: Researchers found that obesity among children ages 2 to 5 decreased — to 8 percent, from 14 percent a decade ago. That would represent a 43 percent drop. The takeaway: Some experts note that the improvement wasn’t a steady decline and it’s hard to know whether the weight figures are permanently curving down or just jumping around. (AP) Public Policy at Georgetown University Georgetown’s McCourt School of Public Policy offers summer short courses that are open to the public. STARTING AT $699 - Making an Impact in Washington (4 days) - International Program Evaluation (2 or 4 days) - Cost/Benefit Analysis (3 days) - Data Presentation & Visualization (2 days) - Designing & Developing Interactive Graphics (2 days) - Public Sector Career Workshop (2 days) For Registration & More Information -- Visit Our Website: mspp.georgetown.edu/ExecEd/ShortCourses The McCourt School also offers customized executive education for your organization. T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 5 ule Must sched e free in hom estimate by 3/9/14 to qualify! Oh Yes! 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In the photos and videos, dogs wear humorous written “confessions” and often are surrounded by the remnants of their misdeeds. At left, Maymo, a lemon beagle, poses for a shame illustration in Merrimack Valley, Mass. In late 2011, Jeremy Lakaszcyck of Boston started putting shaming videos of Maymo on YouTube. (AP) The next time you start shouting “Shame on you!” because your dog chewed up your favorite slippers, just remember that no matter how guilty your dog looks, it doesn’t know what your rant is about. Behaviorists insist that dogs lack shame. The guilty look — ears back, eyes droopy — is a reaction to the tantrum you are throwing now over the damage they did earlier. One of the first scientific stud- JEREMY LAKASZCYCK (AP) Los Angeles ies on the “guilty dog look” was conducted in 2009 by Alexandra Horowitz, an associate professor of psychology. She studied 14 dogs on how they reacted to an owner telling them not to eat a treat. When the owners returned to the room, sometimes they knew what the dogs had done and sometimes they didn’t, and sometimes the dogs had eaten the treats and sometimes they hadn’t. “I found that the ‘look’ appeared most often when owners scolded their dogs, regardless of whether the dog had disobeyed … It wasn’t ‘guilt’ but a reaction to the owner that prompted the look,” she said. SUE MANNING (AP) AP But the Shaming Continues BURIED TREASURE Go Get the Shovel A Northern California couple walking their dog last spring stumbled across a jackpot on their property: $10 million in rare gold coins buried near an old tree. Nearly all 1,427 coins, dating from 1847 to 1894, are in uncirculated, mint condition, an authenticator said. Although the face value adds up to about $28,000, some are so rare that coin experts say they could fetch nearly $1 million each. (AP) t h u r s d ay | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E x p r e s s | 7 Sears Home Services Get a Deep-Down Clean with Sears “GREEN.” Our “GREEN” carpet cleaning solutions are safe for kids, pets and the environment. Sears Ultra Care 2-Step Deep Cleaning 1 Loosen Dirt Sale! • First we loosen the dirt by pre-treating with pressurized hot water and a GREEN cleaning solution that is safe for kids & pets. • Then, we remove the cleaning agent and dirt with a low balance PH fiber rinse using our powerful truck mounted system. • The end result is carpet and upholstery that are deep down clean and soft • Our courteous, trained technicians undergo background checks. • Most furniture moved and replaced FREE. 2 3 Rooms and a FREE Hall 99 P DEaE ning Cle ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ allergy? | asthma? | cold? | flu?| dust? 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Call 1-888-689-8557 Serving Virginia, Maryland, and DC Call Every Day! 7 Days a Week – 7:00 am Thru 11:00 pm Live Operators All employees have background checks prior to working for Sears BLUE SERVICE CREW No Sub Contractors! An area is defined as a room up to 250 square feet. Combination areas Living Room/Dining Room and other areas over 250 square feet are considered as separate areas. Baths, staircases, landings, halls, walk-in closets and area rugs are priced separately. Valid for residential areas only. Prices may vary for specialty fabrics, loose back cushions, wool and oriental carpet and special services. Specialty spotters may not qualify as Green. Additional fee applies to all jobs 3rd floor or higher. Air duct pricing valid on single furnace homes only. Extra charge may apply for homes with multiple heating/cooling systems or homes with furnaces or vents that are not easily accessible. Energy savings may vary depending on the size of your home and the condition of your heating/cooling system. Offer/service not available in all areas. Minimum order may apply. Other restrictions may apply. Call for details. Not valid with any other coupon or offer. Void where prohibited. Services supplied by Sears franchises. Sears cards are issued by Citibank (South Dakota) N. A. Offer expires 3/26/14. A temporary fuel charge may be added. 8 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY World LONDON Man Who Slayed Soldier In U.K. Gets Life in Prison An al-Qaeda-inspired extremist was sentenced to life without parole Wednesday for hacking an off-duty British soldier to death on a London street in front of horrified passers-by. Images of Michael Adebolajo, 29, holding a butcher knife and cleaver with bloodied hands in the moments after the May 22, 2013, killing of Fusilier Lee Rigby shocked people around the world and sparked fears of Islamist terrorism in Britain. (AP) DAMASCUS, SYRIA Report: 175 Rebels Killed In Syria During Ambush Syrian army troops on Wednesday killed 175 rebels, many al-Qaeda-linked fighters, in an ambush described as one of the deadliest attacks by government forces against fighters near Damascus, according to state media. An opposition group said the ambush — part of a government effort to secure the capital — was carried out by the Lebanese Hezbollah group. (AP) Russia Flexes Muscle at Ukraine Putin orders military exercises as neighbor remakes government Kiev, Ukraine Leaders of Ukraine’s protest movement on Wednesday proposed a top legislator as the country’s next prime minister, while Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered major military exercises just across the border in a show of force and apparent displeasure over the country’s new direction. Putin ordered military exercises to test the readiness of units in central and western Russia, Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said in a televised statement. The exercise would “check the troops’ readiness for action in crisis situations that threaten the nation’s military security,” he said. Even though Russia denied the maneuvers had any connection to the situation in Ukraine, the massive show of force was apparent- ANDREW LUBIMOV (AP) In Brief Anti-Russian Crimean Tatars clash with a police officer Wednesday in Ukraine. Meanwhile, in Crimea ... Ukraine disbanded the elite security police force, known as the Berkut, that was reviled by protesters for spearheading most of the attacks on demonstrators in Kiev last week, the acting interior minister announced Wednesday. Members of the dissolved police force were immediately offered sanctuary in the pro-Russian Crimean Peninsula, further stoking concerns about divided loyalties in Ukraine. Also in Crimea, fistfights broke out Wednesday between pro- and anti-Russian demonstrators as about 20,000 Muslim Tatars were rallied in support of Ukraine’s interim leaders outside the regional parliament, where they encountered a smaller pro-Russian rally. (AP/ THE WASHINGTON POST ) L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO/AP Mexico costume in celebration of Carnival — wails when the real Pope Francis holds him Wednesday during a general audience in St. Peter’s Square. His mom, Paola Ciabattini, said she dressed him that way as a sign of affection toward Francis. VL ADIMIR ISACHENKOV (AP) El Chapo’s Empire, by the Numbers Big Popes Don’t Cry NINETEEN-MONTH-OLD Daniele De Sanctis — decked out in a pope ly intended to show both the new Ukrainian authorities and the West that the Kremlin was ready to use all means to protect its interests. The new Ukrainian government, which is expected to be formally approved by parliament today, will face the hugely complicated task of restoring stability in a country that is deeply divided politically and on the verge of financial collapse. The country’s pro-Russian president, Viktor Yanukovych, fled the capital over the weekend. At Kiev’s Independence Square, the heart of the protest movement against Yanukovych, the interim leaders who seized control after he fled proposed Arseniy Yatsenyuk as the country’s new prime minister. Yatsenyuk, 39, is a millionaire former banker who served as economy minister, foreign minister and parliamentary speaker before Yanukovych took office in 2010. Widely viewed as a technocratic reformer, he appears to enjoy the support of the U.S. K ARL RIT TER AND Mexican authorities say they intend to keep drug kingpin Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman in the country’s highest-security prison rather than extraditing him to the United States. But his incarceration isn’t likely to derail his Sinaloa cartel’s booming business anytime soon. Guzman leaves behind a global empire. PostTV’s Davin Coburn ran the numbers on the size of the cartel and the damage wrought during his reign. Here’s how those stats compare to other criminals, prominent people and enterprises: 5 $3 Billion The amount Sinaloa earns in annual revenue. That’s about how muc h A t la nt ic City casinos netGuzman ted in 2012. It’s also the estimated annual revenue of Amazon Web Services. No. 67 Guzman’s rank in Forbes’ list of the most powerful people in the world in 2013, one spot behind House Speaker John Boehner and one spot ahead of New York Times executive editor Jill Abramson. $5 Million The reward offered by the State Department for information leading to Guzman’s arrest. The same reward is being offered for suspects connected with the USS Cole bombing, the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the highjacking of TWA Flight 847 and several al-Qaeda operatives. No. 1 Chicago prosecutors branded Guzman “public enemy No. 1,” the first person called that since Al Capone. NATALIE JENNINGS (THE WASHINGTON POST) The number of defense ministers in NATO countries that are women, the most in its history. The latest woman to join the ministerial ranks was Italy’s Roberta Pinotti, who was sworn in Saturday as her country’s first female defense minister. (AP) T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 9 what’snew@metro A message from Metro General Manager Richard Sarles Ever wish that you could use your SmartBenefits® to buy bus and rail passes? We heard that request from our customers and now, you can. And if you commute to work twice a day, five days a week and then use Metro on the weekends too, transit passes can save you money. For the first time, workers in the Capital Region who receive SmartBenefits® from their employers may use the commuter benefit to purchase bus and rail passes. After a successful pilot program, Metro has made this option available to all employers. If you’re interested in taking advantage of this new program, check with your benefits manager at work. It’s up to your employer to opt in and assign all or a portion of your funds as a “Transit Pass Benefit” type in their monthly SmartBenefits® order. Metrorail’s “unlimited” 28-day pass for $230 and the regional 7-day bus pass available for $16 are two of the passes that commuters may be interested in purchasing. There are a dozen transit pass options available for SmartBenefits® recipients. You can learn more about them at wmata.com/smartbenefits. Make it easy to keep your SmarTrip® card loaded with transit passes by subscribing to Auto Reload. Using this program, you can automatically deduct the cost of your transit pass from your SmartBenefits® balance or credit card. The Auto Reload program will stock a new pass onto your card as soon as the last one expires. Find out more at wmata.com/ autoreload. Here at Metro, we want to make it easier for riders to keep their cards loaded with value and avoid unnecessary delays at the faregates and kiosk machines. These online services and improvements to the commuter benefit are a direct result of feedback from our riders. I hope we’ll continue hearing from you as we work to make the Metro system more responsive to the needs of our riders. F R U A Spring break for Metro riders Despite the latest blast of Arctic air, the D.C. region is planning for the arrival of spring and the beautiful cherry blossoms! The 2014 National Cherry Blossom Festival runs from Thursday, March 20 through Sunday, April 13. Just like Metro has done in years past, the rail system will take a break from its aggressive schedule of track work and rebuilding to accommodate customers traveling during Cherry Blossom season. That’s right, there will be no weekend track work during Cherry Blossom season! This year’s break for blossoms will take place over four consecutive weekends, beginning Saturday, March 22 and continuing through Sunday, April 13. As tourists flock to the area for the Cherry Blossom festival, regular Metro riders should expect more crowded conditions and may want to build extra time into their daily commutes. Visitors can plan ahead by purchasing a SmarTrip® card or a One-Day Pass before entering the Metrorail system. Find out more by visiting wmata.com. R Y 2 0 1 4 10 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Get Discounts on Your Utility Bills You may be income eligible for discounts on your utility bills through the Utility Discount Program - Apply for Discounted Rates on Telephone Electric Annual discount on one land line service per household. Potential savings are between $336-$528 annually. Natural Gas Maximum potential savings are $276 annually. Potential discount is up to $418 annually. This program is for DC residents Only. To apply for the telephone discount Lifeline Service, call 800-253-0846. Vincent C. Gray, Mayor scan For more info call 311 or visit ddoe.dc.gov/udp T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 11 NOW WITH RUSH PLUS! DOWNLOAD OUR FREE APP FOR iPHONE AND ANDROID DEVICES NOW AT THE APP STORE OR GOOGLE PLAY STORE. Silver Line Delay May Be Costly Contractor could owe millions if it misses early April deadline Tysons Corner, Va. The contractor building the Silver Line faces millions of dollars in fines if it fails to complete the project by an April deadline. Dulles Transit Partners, the contractor building the first phase of the $5.6 billion rail line, had announced Feb. 7 that it believed its work was finished, raising hopes the project could be turned over to Metro this month and that passenger service could start in the spring. But after a 15-day review, the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority said Monday that the contractor had failed to meet seven of 12 criteria set out in its contract. Issues ranged from missing safety certificates to problems with the automatic train control system — a key safety component that controls train movement and speed and an issue that has dogged the project for months. According to provisions in the contract between DTP and the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority, DTP has until April 9 to complete work on the first phase of the project. If the company fails to finish the work, it will have to pay Next Steps Once MWAA certifies that DTP has completed its work, it will work with Metro to determine when officials there will take control of the Silver Line. While MWAA is responsible for managing construction of the rail line, Metro will operate it. Metro has 90 days to complete its testing once it takes control of the line. (T WP) $25,000 per day until the work is completed. The fine increases significantly if the delays continue. If DTP is more than 92 days late, it would owe MWAA nearly $2.8 million. In addition, it would have to pay a daily fine of $75,000 per day. Ultimately, if the project is delayed more than six months from that April date, DTP could be required to pay more than $9 million. Under the terms of the contract, the payments are capped at $60 million. Metro officials, who are responsible for determining when Silver Line service will begin, have been tight-lipped about a start date and would not comment on how this latest delay might impact their plans. However, given this latest report, it’s possible that the start of passenger service could be pushed into t he summer. LORI AR ATANI (THE WASHINGTON POST ) KAREN BLEIER (GETTY IMAGES) NEW N! VERSIO PLEDGES More Metro Money Transit leaders on Wednesday scored some of the cash they need to carry out the ambitious goals for rail and bus service in the next decade. Maryland Gov. Martin O’Malley, Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe and D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray collectively committed to giving the transit authority an additional $75 million beyond pledges already made for Metro’s long-term projects. (THE WASHINGTON POST ) SHAKE THOSE WINTER BLUES save up to $300! WE’RE CLOSER THAN YOU THINK An easy 2 1/2-hour drive to riverside fun! 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Makes Moves on Marijuana Measures Annapolis A day after more than 100 people packed a Maryland State House committee room to share their views on legalizing marijuana, advocates for easing prohibitions on the drug said they feel momentum building in their favor. “The floodgates for change are 28% open now,” said Sen. Jamie Raskin, who has sponsored a bill that would legalize marijuana. But Raskin, a Democrat, also cautioned that while the legislature might agree to reduce the criminal penalties, the path to legalization has a ways to go. Lawmakers have sponsored bills in the Maryland General Assembly that would rewrite nearly a century of laws and policies outlawing marijuana. Some want to address problems in the medical marijuana bill that was passed last year. Some seek to decriminalize mari- The proportion of likely voters who said they would vote for Mayor Vincent Gray in the mayoral primary in a poll released Tuesday by WRC-TV, WAMU-FM, The Washington Informer and Marist College. He’s followed by Council members Muriel Bowser with 20 percent, Jack Evans with 13 percent and Tommy Wells with 12 percent. Others lag far behind: Andy Shallal has 6 percent, Vincent Orange has 4 percent, and Reta Jo Lewis has 3 percent. (T WP) that died in the House Judiciary Committee, which also became a burial ground for a House bill like Raskin’s. But marijuana advocates hope this year will be different, especially because Speaker Michael Busch, a fellow democrat, has set up a working group to find a way forward on marijuana legislation. Busch has said, however, that Maryland would be wise to see how legalization works in Colorado and Washington state before following their lead. Police Chief Fooled by Pot Satire Some of the strongest pushback at Tuesday’s hearing came from law enforcement officers. Annapolis Police Chief Michael Pristoop went awry, however, in citing a report of 37 marijuana overdoses in Colorado after that state legalized the drug. After a quick Google search, a legislator told Pristoop that the story had been made up for laughs by The Daily Currant, an online comedy magazine. Pristoop later apologized. But he wasn’t the only high-ranking official to be fooled by that particular piece of satire; Sweden’s justice minister faced ridicule last month for posting the same story to Facebook. (T WP) juana, while others, such as Raskin, would prefer full-blown legalization that would put marijuana in Mayor Stands By Fire Chief, Deputy Mayor Washington D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray is standing by his fire chief and deputy mayor for public safety amid calls for their resignation. Gray said Wednesday that the department is moving in the right direction under Chief Kenneth Ellerbe and Deputy Mayor Paul Quander. D.C. Council member Tommy Wells, a mayoral candidate, called on Ellerbe and Quander to step down for what he says is an inadequate response to the death of a man who collapsed near a fire station. On Wednesday, Gray praised Quander’s report on that incident, which called for the firefighters and four call center employees to be disciplined. And he says Ellerbe is reforming the department. BEN NUCKOLS (AP) a class with alcohol. The state Senate passed a decriminalization bill last year FREDRICK KUNKLE (THE WASHINGTON POST) In Brief FAIRFAX COUNTY Teen Killed by VRE Train A Fairfax County teenager was fatally struck by a Virginia Railway Express commuter train Wednesday morning, shutting down part of the line that carries passengers from Prince William County to D.C. Fairfax County police said they are investigating circumstances surrounding the death of 15-year-old Jack Chen. It is the second time this year that a person has been struck by a train along VRE’s Manassas line. (THE WASHINGTON POST) FAIRFAX COUNTY Man Given Three Months In Va. Road Rage Death Librado Cena, 58, was sentenced to three months in jail at a hearing in Fairfax County on Wednesday for delivering the single punch that led to William O’Brien’s improbable death in a road rage incident. Cena was convicted a day earlier of misdemeanor assault in the case. (TWP) EVELYN HOCKSTEIN (FTWP) Advocates hopeful that the state will ease pot prohibition George Mason University aims to grow with 1,000 foreign students. FAIRFAX George Mason Seeks More Foreign Students George Mason University aims to grow its international student enrollment by 50 percent in five years through a joint venture with an overseas recruiting firm, it announced Wednesday. The plan to add about 1,000 foreign students to a university that now has nearly 2,000 is likely to help Mason financially because out-of-state students pay far higher tuition than Virginians. (TWP) Hearsay “Holy. S---. 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Some jurisdictions may not apply 14 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Alive and Stickin’ This sly form of urban street art is on the rise and under the radar Washington On a recent Saturday afternoon near the U Street Metro station, a 30-something guy in an olivegreen jacket walked past a police officer, slapped a homemade sticker on the back of a street sign and strode away, unnoticed. Over the past five years, this street artist has blanketed greater D.C. with his trademark sticker, a sketch of his left hand bearing the enigmatic phrase “I Will Not,” which has become his pseudonym. “I want to put my hand on everything, pardon the pun,” iwillnot says. A married father of two who asked to keep his identity a secret, iwillnot is among a legion of sticker artists who are decorating — or vandalizing, depending on your perspective — electric boxes, newspaper boxes and other flat, metal surfaces around the region with miniature works of art. Some of these stickers are hand-painted, while others are block or screen printed or made on a home printer. They can be as sleek as commercial logos, but what distinguishes sticker artists from common advertisers is that artists leave their images up for interpretation, iwillnot says. That’s certainly been the case with his hand. “ S o m e p e o p l e t h i n k I ’m swearing allegiance to something, some people think it’s about detaching yourself from the current sense of urgency or whatever other trendy nonsense has infected the JASON HORNICK PHOTOS (FOR EXPRESS) Cover Story Put a ’Bot On It Look closely and you’ll likely spot a “Robot Griffin III” sticker somewhere in D.C. It’s a creation of artist BZA, who calls his works “Memebots” — “visual shells that can encapsulate any personality.” His illustrations start with a basic robot design that he alters to depict a character or celebrity. “I try to keep them really happy, fun, positive,” he says. Other D.C.-ish Memebots: “Bobby Lee Bot,” inspired by Bobby Lee of the Arlingtonbased reggae band SOJA, and “Robama.” MARISSA PAYNE (E XPRESS) ABOUT THE PHOTOS Sticker artists love to hit Express boxes. “They are brightly colored and tend to be in high traffic areas,” local artist iwillnot says. We at Express would prefer that our street boxes stay pristine, but we did ask iwillnot to go to town on one out-ofservice box to illustrate this story. STUCK ONLINE See all five surfaces of our sticker-coated Express box, plus detailed shots of the stickers that adorn it, at readexpress.com. culture,” he says. Sticker art is increasingly ubiquitous in the D.C. area, in part because of the rapid rise of surveillance cameras in the city, says street-art expert Alex Goldstein, owner of The Fridge DC art gallery in Capitol Hill. These cameras can easily capture spray-painters, who might spend hours on an installation. Sticker artists, on the other hand, can slap up their works in seconds. “They’re a lot less likely to get caught,” Goldstein says. As a result, stickers are popping up in suburban parking lots and train tunnels as well as the city’s center. But somehow, they’ve largely escaped official notice. “I just have never seen them,” says Cassandra Ball, the director of D.C.’s graffiti abatement program. “I can’t remember ever sending a crew out to take stickers off.” D.C. Public Works spokeswoman Nancee Lyons agrees. “I’ve seen band fliers and posters, but little stickers? I haven’t seen that.” Lyons’ off ice, at 14th and U streets NW, happens to sit at the epicenter of D.C.’s sticker-art explosion. Stickers have been stuck on the bus stop, electrical box and roadwork sign directly in front of the Department of Public Works headquarters. Across the street, a blue sign pointing pedestrians to Meridian Hill Park is plastered with more than 40 stickers, including one depicting a coffee mug that looks like a duck. Like spray-paint graffiti, sticker graffiti is destruction of property, punishable with fines of up to $1,000, community service or jail time. But the people behind it see themselves as artists, not vandals. “Stickers have so much value, even though they’re cheap and small,” explains a local artist who goes by “Moral,” who plasters the city with stickers featuring intricately drawn monster faces. “I’d much rather see a bunch of stickers that someone put a little thought or creativity into than just the plain, boring, gray base of a streetlight.” — IW ILLNOT, D.C.-AREA STICKER ARTIST T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 15 Cover Story Top Sticks: Local artist iwillnot told us about some of his favorite stickers and sticker-makers. CREATIVITY Poor Kid Skam This Chicago-based artist handdraws all of his stickers, which often juxtapose Dr. Seuss-like characters with punk iconography. “Each one of his stickers is a selfcontained little story.” The chip-toothed avatar of this Portland, Ore.-based artist suggests a person celebrating ignorance. “If you look at the arrow, it seems like he is shooting himself in the head with his own words.” Arrex Garth Fry Arrex, also from Portland, Ore., makes precision die-cut stickers. The sticker above features a matte orange layer on a glossy white base. “He produces professional-quality stickers, all at home.” A professional mixed-media artist in Pennsylvania, Fry hails from the D.C. area and has only produced a single sticker design: these spiffy checkered shoes. “I love the balance and the simplicity of the design.” Maryland Institute college of art Graduate programs INFORMATION SESSION Tuesday, March 4, 2014 | 6:30 - 8:30 PM WASHINGTON MARRIOTT AT METRO CENTER 775 12th Street NW | Washington, DC 20005 To RSVP, visit mica.edu/DCmica A version of this story originally appeared in Express Sunday, a new publication available for free home delivery. To get it, sign up at SavingsNow.washpost.com. To read Sunday stories online, go to readexpress.com. the show. Today you can find the installation near the gallery gift shop, but it’s not for sale. “There is no way I could track down 10,000 mostly anonymous artists and pay them maybe $1 each,” says iwillnot, who volunteered his time to create the show. Small, cheap and abundant, sticker art may be particularly resistant to the commercial forces that threaten to appropriate other facets of street art. “We don’t get a lot of cred, since what we do is so low-risk,” iwillnot says. “But we are as street as it gets.” SADIE DINGFELDER (EXPRESS) Apply to one of our campus-based or Online graduate programs: Is your personal space this tiny? digs The third Wednesday of each month in Express. XX0469 3x.5 For his part, iwillnot sees stickering as sort of a neighborhood beautification project. “I’d much rather see a bunch of stickers that someone put a little thought or creativity into than just the plain, boring, gray base of a streetlight,” he says. “D.C. is already such a gray city. I’m in a battle against the gray.” As other forms of street art are finding their way into galleries, sticker art has largely stayed on the street. “The problem is, you can’t make any money off of it,” iwillnot says. It took him years to persuade The Fridge’s Goldstein to put on a sticker-art show. That show finally happened last fall, after iwillnot posted notices on online street-art forums, asking artists around the world to mail their work to him. More than 10,000 stickers flooded his P.O. box, and iwillnot spent some 60 hours affixing them to wooden panels for 16 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Sports No Easy Road to Playoffs MIKE GEORGE (AP) Remaining schedule of the Caps is one of toughest in the NHL Capitals Aaron Hernandez is being held without bail in a Massachusetts jail. When the Capitals resume their season tonight against the Panthers, they will have just 23 games left to secure their place in the postseason. One of five Eastern Conference teams within three points of the second wild-card spot as of Wednesday, the Capitals will have little to no margin for error as they attempt to prolong their season. Sheriff: Hernandez In Scuffle NFL 7:30 P.M. “I think everybody [is] going to have to step up their level of hockey,” forward Alex Ovechkin said. “You can’t lose five games or you’re going to be done right away. I’m pretty sure this organization is not ready for that and we’re going to fight and we’re going to do our best.” The NHL’s recent Olympic hiatus provided most of the team with a two-week respite to recharge for what is arguably the most grueling stretch run in the league. Of Washington’s 23 remaining games, all but two are against teams either currently occupying a playoff spot or within four points of a potential berth. Thirteen are on the road and 11 are against teams that reconvened this week ranked among the NHL’s top 10. The Capitals face a daunting task if they have any hope of making their seventh straight playoff appearance. “It’s for real,” forward Martin PATRICK SMITH (GETTY IMAGES) Today | CSN Capitals star forward Alex Ovechkin leads the NHL with 40 goals — nine more than any other player entering Wednesday night. Erat said. “If we want to do some damage in the playoffs, we have to first get there.” In six of seven full NHL seasons since 2005, Eastern teams have needed at least 92 points to qualify for the playoffs. For the Capitals (27-23-9, 63 points) to reach that threshold, they will have to earn 29 points, about 63 percent of the points available to them. That will require a significant uptick in their overall play; to date, the Capitals have earned 53.4 percent of available points. A source of motivation can be found in how Washington has Meanwhile … Martin Erat, who just returned to Washington after representing the Czech Republic in the Winter Olympics, said Wednesday he still wants the Capitals to trade him but declined to elaborate further. General manager George McPhee recently said he planned to touch base with Erat but didn’t expect the veteran to withdraw his request. (THE WASHINGTON POST ) finished recent seasons. In four of the past six years, the Capitals have won at least 13 of their final 20 games. Facing the harsh reality of missing the postseason for the first time since 2007, the Capitals can only hope that they have once again saved their best for last. “Our team has the skill and we have the will to get ourselves there,” forward Eric Fehr said. “We’ve had our backs against the wall a number of times and we’ve always fought out of it, so we expect that to happen again this year.” Former NFL star Aaron Hernandez was involved in a scuffle with another jail inmate, but neither man required medical attention, a Massachusetts sheriff said Wednesday. The brief fight took place around noon Tuesday in a common area of the Bristol County House of Correction in Dartmouth, where only one inmate is supposed to be out of his cell at a time, Sheriff Thomas Hodgson said. It’s unclear which inmate was the aggressor. Hodgson said jail staff are interviewing witnesses and reviewing surveillance video to figure out exactly what happened and determine whether disciplinary measures or even criminal charges are warranted. Hernandez, a former New England Patriots tight end, is being held without bail after pleading not guilty to murder in the death of 27-year-old Odin Lloyd. (AP) TV Lineup ADAM VINGAN (FOR E XPRESS) Masked Man: LeBron James says his new protective mask is hot, uncomfortable and prone to fogging up. So James is in the market for design suggestions. “I’ve been talking to Marvel Comics for the last couple of days, and DC Comics, to try to come up with one of the greatest masks of all time,” James said Wednesday. He plans to use it tonight when the Miami Heat play the New York Knicks — the first game for James since he broke his nose. (AP) COLLEGE BASKETBALL (9 P.M., FOXS1) The Hoyas (16-11, 7-8 Big East) face Marquette (16-11, 8-6) before ending the regular season with two games against top 10 teams — vs. No. 9 Creighton and at No. 8 Villanova. H I G H L I G H T I N G T H E B E S T I N WA S H I N G T O N -A R E A A R T S A N D E N T E R TA I N M E N T | F E B . 2 7- M A R C H 2 , 2 0 1 4 FOREVER The Smithsonian amasses a collection of photos, clothing and artifacts chronicling the Indian-American experience E6 ALI AKBAR KHAN FOUNDATION ©LITTLESTAR 800-514-3849 THENATIONALDC.COM E2 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY The best things to do this weekend ONGOING ‘Orchid Symphony’ United States Botanic Garden Conservatory, 100 Maryland Ave. SW; through April 27, free; 202-225-8333, usbg.gov. (Federal Center) If you only know Justin Willman as the host of Food Network’s “Cupcake Wars,” you may not be aware that he’s also a magician, one who fancies himself a bit of a comedian. He’ll blow your mind — and bust your gut — Thursday. FRIDAY FRIDAY Farewell, Brandon Wardell Either you’ve been living under a rock, or you know all the words to Robin Thicke’s summer mega-hit “Blurred Lines.” He probably has other songs, too. Find out at the Patriot Center on Thursday. On 2013 album “Trouble,” the Randy Rogers Band taps into a grittier sound than the country group has been known for. Leader Rogers’ growl is not unlike the gruff tones of his peer Dierks Bentley — but with an extra dash of redneck flavor. Technically, D.C.-bred comic Brandon Wardell, above, already left Washington for Los Angeles, but he’s coming back Friday for a proper goodbye. Friends Dana Bell, Adam Friedland, Tim Miller and more join the absurd comedian for a last hurrah — before he goes to Hollywood for good. Wonderland Ball- Patriot Center, 4500 Patriot Circle, Fairfax; Thu., 8 p.m., $55; 703-9933000, patriotcenter.com. 9:30 Club, 815 V St. NW; Fri., 8 p.m., sold out; 202-265-0930, 930.com. (U Street) room, 1101 Kenyon St. NW; Fri., 7:30 p.m., $3; 202-232-5263, tinyurl .com/fbward. (Columbia Heights) THURSDAY KICK OFF MARDI GRAS WITH NATION BEAT’S CARNIVAL CARAVAN! WITH ALMA TROPICÁLIA + DJ NEVILLE C SAT MAR 1 / 8PM Justin Willman Sixth and I Historic Synagogue, 600 I St. NW; Thu., 8 p.m., $18; 202-4083100, sixthandi.org. (Gallery Place) UNITED STATES BOTANIC GARDEN In its latest exhibit, the U.S. Botanic Garden features orchids from around the world set among elaborate topiaries, musical fountains and even an orchid chandelier. It’s like “Fantasia” come to life. THURSDAY Randy Rogers Band CELEBRATE ST. PATRICK’S DAY EARLY ALAN KELLY GANG Supported in part by the Embassy of Ireland WED MAR 5 / 8PM “Alan Kelly...made the piano accordion hip in Ireland again.”—Folk Roots Free parking weekdays after 5pm and all day on weekends Rosslyn Metro + DC Circulator Stop: Two Blocks www.artisphere.com 1101 Wilson Boulevard Arlington VA 22209 @Artisphere Facebook.com/ArtisphereVA T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E3 SATURDAY SATURDAY Jennifer Ouellette Local dream-pop duo GEMS immediately call to mind Beach House, but they’ve quickly developed their own electronically inclined sound — and racked up more than 400,000 SoundCloud streams. See what the buzz is about Saturday. Scientific American’s Jennifer Ouellette makes science both easy to understand and enthralling. In her latest book, “Me, Myself, and Why,” she uses science to uncover the mysteries of identity and behavior. Politics and Prose, U Street Music Hall, 1115 U St. NW; Sat., 7 p.m., $15; 202-588-1880, ustreetmusichall.com. (U Street) 5015 Connecticut Ave. NW; Sat., 3:30 p.m., free; 202-364-1919, politics-prose.com. (Van Ness) Talib Kweli SATURDAY & SUNDAY Hailed as one of the most gifted, socially conscious and politically aware rappers, Talib Kweli, left, returns to Washington behind last year’s “Gravitas.” He’s joined on the bill by Pharoahe Monch, another New York-bred emcee of similar talents. Howard St. Vincent Annie Clark, better known by her stage name, St. Vincent, must have taken notes from recent collaborator David Byrne because her new, self-titled album is funky, futuristic and fearless. You can call it eccentric or avant-garde, but no matter how weird Clark’s music gets, it never strays too far from the pop music she adores. Clark brings the record to life in D.C. this weekend. 9:30 Club, SATURDAY David Koechner You know him best as sportscaster Champ Kind in the “Anchorman” movies — he’s the one who shouts “Whammy!” — but David Koechner is also an accomplished comedian. He makes a rare stand-up visit to D.C. this weekend. 815 V St. NW; Sat., 8 p.m., & Sun, 7 p.m., sold out; 202-2650930, 930.com. (U Street) Black Cat, 1811 14th St. NW; Sat., 9 p.m., $25; 202-667-7960, blackcatdc.com. (U Street) IN DINING Tasty drinks from local bartenders will have you seeing moonshine in a whole new light. PAGE E12 Beethoven’s Symphonies 1&2 “Eschenbach puts his whole heart out onstage, every time.” “A contemporary grand opera that delivers on a grand-opera scale!” Theatre, 620 T St. NW; Sun., 9 p.m., $25-$30; 202-803-2899, thehoward theatre.com. (Shaw-Howard U) RENATA RAKSHA widmann Photo by Scott Suchman Violin Concerto (U.S. PREMIERE) beethoven Symphony No. 2 JAKE HEGGIE and GENE SCHEER CHRISTIAN TETZLAFF NS BEGI HT G I TON 7! AT FEB. 27–MAR. 1 CONCERT HALL David and Alice Rubenstein are the Presenting Underwriters of the NSO. Now thru March 8 | Opera House David and Alice Rubenstein are the Presenting Underwriters of WNO. General Dynamics is the proud sponsor of WNO’s 2013-2014 Season. The NSO Music Director Chair is generously endowed by Roger and Vicki Sant. WNO’s production of Moby-Dick is made possible through the generous support of Jacqueline Badger Mars. Additional support is provided by an award from the National Endowment for the Arts. Tickets on sale now! (202) 467-4600 kennedy-center.org Tickets also available at the Box Office | Groups (202) 416-8400 E4 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Weekend Pass | entertainment ON THE SPOT 1811 14TH ST NW www.blackcatdc.com cliche. I feel it in my body. I don’t feel Skrillex — yet. What exactly is a Jagbag? FEB/MAR SHOWS FRI 28 SAT 1 DAVID KOECHNER Donald Rumsfeld is a Jagbag. Pete Carroll, the coach of the [Seattle] Seahawks, he is. The owner of the Redskins [Dan Snyder], he’s a Jagbag. He needs to just get it over with and change the name. It’s really petty and ridiculous. I like the Redskins, it’s a storied franchise. I went to the University of Virginia in the ’80s [and] they were brilliant. [The name Redskins] doesn’t offend me, but I’m not Native American. It offends someone else. If they just change it, it will be forgotten — it will just be over. & THE JICKS ENDLESS BOOGIE $SOLD OUT 1 EPISODE & DRINK SPECIALS $FREE ROCK N ROLL, PUNK, POP DJS KIM & SARA MATT DWYER (18+) SPEEDY ORTIZ PILE THE BIG UPS $12 WE WERE PROMISED JETPACKS HONEYBLOOD $15/$18 UPCOMING SHOWS 3/8-MIXTAPE 3/15- AND I AM NOT LYING 3/22-DUM DUM GIRLS 3/24-WARPAINT 3/28-EIGHTIES MAYHEM 3/29-FAIRWEATHER 4/4-ELIKEH 4/11-THEE SILVER MT ZION MEMORIAL ORCHESTRA 4/15-BLACK LIPS 4/16-CLOUD NOTHINGS 4/17-WE ARE SCIENTISTS 4/19-AWESOME CON-CERT! WE ARE 3 BLOCKS FROM THE U STREET / CARDOZO METRO STATION TICKETS: www.TICKETFLY.com 1-877-987-6487 It’s your WeekendPass XX0165 1x2 Every Thursday in Express As the frontman for Pavement, one of the ’90s’ most cherished and influential indie-rock bands, Stephen Malkmus threw together brainy phraseology and detached irony as if each verse were its own Jackson Pollock painting. With gnarled guitar riffs and ramshackle musicianship, he helped birth a unique brand of artsy slacker-rock. When Pavement went on hiatus in 1999, Malkmus formed the Jicks, a new vessel for his freewheeling wordplay and structurally restless pop songs. Malkmus, 47, has now made six records with the Jicks — more than he did with Pavement (which reunited briefly in 2010). Malkmus and the Jicks headline the Black Cat on Friday in support of their latest album, January’s “Wig Out at Jagbags.” Your music explores the space between hyper-literate and slacker, even stoner, mentalities. I wouldn’t mind being a mix between Stephen Hawking and Jeff Spicoli. That’s a nice middle ground. I think it’s a good place to be in music. Music that’s purely intellectual … sort of belongs in an art world — things get uptight. This is rock ’n’ roll, right? It’s about grooves and good times. Lyrically and musically, your songs come off as both carefree and impassioned. I hear that. It’s improvisational. There’s kind of a jazz element to the lyrics. They’re sort of made up in relation to the music. One of my favorite lyrics on the new album is “Condoleezza’s Rice scattered on the floor,” from “Scattegories.” What goes on in your head when you write something like that? You can really say that with feeling for some reason, just phonetically. It really works. You know Uncle Ben’s rice? It was a little bit not politically correct. But I just imagined that she could start a company, Condoleezza’s Rice, if she ever decided to go Oprah in the food world. That was the image in my head. You often reference your interests, whether highbrow or lowbrow. Sometimes it’s seemingly avantgarde, but some parts are very FM radio and ’70s. I like all those things. It just reflects my personality. “Music that’s purely intellectual … [tends to] get uptight. This is rock ’n’ roll, right? It’s about grooves and good times.” Are you being intentionally nostalgic? I think some songs are kind of wistful and looking backwards. At this point in my life, I’m looking backwards more than forward. I kind of write what I know. That What does Pavement mean to you now? LEAH NASH SAT 1 As time goes, now it feels like those songs are kind of old and classic in a certain way. We play them in the encore. We kind of ridiculously mix them into other really famous songs — like they belong there. We’ll do a Steve Miller song into a Pavement song and then into a Black Sabbath song, as if it just naturally belongs with those other songs. I’m proud of what Pavement accomplished. That people still talk about it is awesome. Do your kids listen to Pavement? A little bit. They like that song “Unfair” t hat ’s on “Crooked Rain.” That’s their favorite. They like “Tigers” [from the 2011 Jicks album “Mirror Traffic”]. They like the catchy ones, I guess — the more upbeat ones. What do you listen to these days? I listen to what [my kids] listen to and I like it. I never thought I would like “Teenage Dream” by Katy Perry or “Thrift Shop” by Macklemore [& Ryan Lewis]. I like “Holy Grail” [by Jay Z featuring Justin Timberlake]. I learned more about that kind of music than I ever thought I would. I can say I like it. DREW LITOWITZ (FOR E XPRESS) Black Cat, 1811 14th St. NW; Fri., 9 p.m., sold out; 202-667-7960, blackcatdc.com. (U Street) T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E5 JATI LINDSAY entertainment | Weekend Pass Elizabeth (Jennifer Mendenhall, left) and her son Bailey (Mark Halpern, right) chat over breakfast in Forum Theatre’s “Pluto.” Eggs Over Uneasy In the dark comedy ‘Pluto,’ a family’s world is upended over breakfast chitchat Stage Laughter, the saying goes, is the best medicine. And even if it isn’t strong enough for a cure, it might help you understand the root of your sickness. That’s director Michael Dove’s goal for Forum Theatre’s “Pluto,” which opened last week at Round House Theatre Silver Spring. The play takes place over the course of a breakfast-table conversation between a single mother, Elizabeth (Jennifer Mendenhall), and her INDIES & ARTIES reclusive son, Bailey (Mark Halpern) — a community college student who, it turns out, has somehow been involved in a local school tragedy. It sounds like a drama, but Dove insists the show’s humor is more powerful than its despair. “This is a horrible tag line, but this is the funniest play about a school shooting you will ever see,” Dove says. “And I don’t mean that to be irreverent, because it’s an extremely reverent play. But it does have a way of opening up the debate in a way that I don’t think the news can.” As Elizabeth tries to bridge a growing distance between her and Bailey — a rift magnified by the death of her husband (Bailey’s father) — she grasps desperately “This is a horrible tag line, but this is the funniest play about a school shooting you will ever see.” — MICH A EL DOV E , DIRECTOR OF FORUM THEATRE’S “PLUTO,” OPEN NOW AT ROUND HOUSE THEATRE SILVER SPRING at the receding hope of a normal life. The set looks like any suburban kitchen and the conversation borders on the banal: surface-level chitchat about Pop-Tarts flavors and test grades. But the events of the day before have thrown this family’s world askew, and it shows. CHRISTINA CAUTERUCCI (FOR E XPRESS) Forum Theatre at Round House Theatre Silver Spring, 8641 Colesville Road, Silver Spring; through March 15, $20 (pay-what-you-want tickets available an hour before showtime); 240644-1390, forumtd.org. (Silver Spring) All Weekend Oscar at Archives: One of the best free events of the year is back. The 10th Annual Showcase of Academy Award-Nominated Documentaries and Shorts Subjects gives you a chance to see these often little-seen films. Thursday, catch the incredible documentary “The Act of Killing,” left; the docs continue through Sunday. Live-action and animated shorts screen Saturday; doc shorts are Sunday. Get tickets 60 minutes before showtime; you have to be present, so no grabbing tickets for friends. KRISTEN PAGE-KIRBY (E XPRESS) National Archives, 700 Pennsylvania Ave. NW; through Sun., free; 202-357-5000, archives.gov. (Archives) FILM RIFFS 20TH CENTURY FOX The family dog (played by a human actress) has three heads, the radio speaks directly to its listeners and there’s something ominous trying to get out of the refrigerator, which shakes as if possessed. The characters don’t seem to notice the paranormal forces at play — or maybe they just don’t want to see things as they truly are. Playwright Steve Yockey is known for examining fraught social issues through a supernatural lens. He depicted AIDS as a threatening, tentacled sea monster in “Octopus” and set grieving parents in a world of giant talking birds and imaginary tea shops in “Afterlife: A Ghost Story.” In each of his plays, fantasy elements offer jumping-off points for everyday subject matter. “Sometimes [‘Pluto’] is scifi, at some points it’s horror, but, like both of those genres, it works best because [the subject matter is] something that we actually deal with,” Dove says. “The thing that theater can do best is take those topics and throw a whole new way of looking at it.” Dove chose “Pluto” for the Forum Theatre in December 2012. A week later, Adam Lanza shot and killed 20 students and six staff members at an elementary school in Sandy Hook, Conn. With the media embroiled in a gun control debate and the public in shock, Dove and the production team thought twice about their selection. “But what we came out with was, ‘That’s all the more reason to do it,’ ” Dove says. “I like choosing plays that scare me a little.” Jesus Is Magic In “Son of God,” out Friday, Diogo Morgado plays Jesus of Nazareth, a homeless rabbi who spent a chunk of his childhood as a refugee. Jesus can be quite the box-office draw. KRISTEN PAGE-KIRBY (EXPRESS) 1 ‘The Last Temptation of Christ’ Willem Dafoe played the Wonderful Counselor in this 1988 Martin Scorsese film, a movie that managed to tick a lot of people off because it suggested that maybe Jesus would have preferred to not have to die a painful, gruesome, horrible death. 2 ‘Hamlet 2’ In this 2008 play-within-a-movie, Steve Coogan plays the Prince of Peace in a musical sequel to “Hamlet,” complete with the song “Rock Me Sexy Jesus.” No, it doesn’t make much sense in the movie, either. 3 ‘King of Kings’ Jeffrey Hunter — hardcore “Star Trek” fans, turn to your neighbor and explain who he is — plays the titular role in this 1961 epic. Orson Welles provides narration, which is about as close to the voice of God as one can get. 4 ‘Ben-Hur’ This 1959 classic put the Everlasting Father at the periphery of the story (the actor playing him didn’t even get a credit). But it won 11 Oscars, so Someone was clearly pleased. 5 ‘Godspell’ In this 1973 musical based on the hit Broadway show, Victor Garber plays the Savior who loves two things: a good soft-shoe number, and everyone. E6 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Weekend Pass | entertainment WOVEN INTO AMERICA in a place best known for gemIndian-American culture ed stones and dinosaur bones because and history are explored the Smithsonian Asian Pacific Ameriwith ‘Beyond Bollywood’ can Center, which organized the show, has no home of its own, Momaya says. “The Museum of Natural HistoExhibits ry has a high visitorship,” she says. Of the 137 million objects owned by the “Between 7 and 10 million people go Smithsonian, only a handful represent through that museum annually, and the history and experience of the rough- we are really excited that so many peoly 3.3 million Americans with roots in ple might see our exhibit, whether they the Indian subcontinent. So in 2008, are coming to it intentionally or not.” when the institution decided to stage “Be yond Bol ly wood,” wh ic h the exhibition “Beyond Bollywood: will remain open for at least a year, Indian Americans Shape the Nation,” includes about two dozen historical which opens Thursday, it sent out artifacts, including a gown by an open-ended call for, well, Indian-American designer all sorts of stuff. Naeem Khan that was “People “We asked for phowor n by Michelle sort of tos, old documents, a football emptied out their Obama; cer t i f icates a nd helmet worn by awards, newspaper basements and sent Brandon Chillar, who us boxes and boxes helped the Green clippings, works of art,” says Masum Bay Packers w i n of things.” Momaya, the exhibthe Super Bowl in — M A SUM MOM AYA , CURATOR OF it ’s curator. “Peo2011; and a Pentium THE SMITHSONIAN’S “BEYOND ple sort of emptied out microprocessor BOLLYWOOD” EXHIBIT their basements and sent d e v e l o p e d b y I n d i a nus boxes and boxes of things.” American engineer Vinod Dham. Many of these ordinary items have “I would love for people to walk made it into the exhibit. For instance, away with a sense of the deep and 60 pairs of shoes — sneakers, high- diverse contributions that Indian immiheels and baby shoes as well as tradi- grants and Indian-Americans have tional Indian flats known as juttis — made to shaping the United States,” are nailed to wooden platforms near Momaya says. the gallery entrances, as if slipped off If people end up learning about by visitors on their way into the exhibit. India n-A mer ica n histor y while “In every Indian-American home trying to find the Hope Diamond, and place of worship, people take their w e l l t h at ’s ju s t f i ne w it h he r. shoes off before entering,” Momaya says. SADIE DINGFELDER (E XPRESS) The shoes should help orient visiNational Museum of Natural History, tors, as “Beyond Bollywood” is somewhat confusingly housed in the 10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW; Smithsonian National Museum of opens Thu., free; 202-633-1000, Natural History. The exhibit land- mnh.si.edu. (Smithsonian) 1 Khan First lady’s gown by Naeem Khan This dress, made by Indian-American designer Naeem Khan, was worn by Michelle Obama to the White House Governors Dinner in 2012. Khan comes from a long line of Indian textile embroiderers, says “Beyond Bollywood” curator Masum Momaya. “His ancestors embroidered in the Mughal Courts of India, and traditional techniques of embroidery have been passed down to him through the generations,” she says. Khan, who counts Beyonce and Eva Longoria among his clients, trained under American fashion designer Halston. “A lot of my work is inspired from the crosscurrents of culture between India and America,” Khan says. “I love the whole idea that you can mix the two worlds and create something new.” 2 1 Khan used semi-transparent tulle to show off the first lady’s great arms. “The one-shoulder gown on her looks so beautiful, and the Governors Dinner is well suited for that kind of glamour,” he says. 3 2 “The shape of the dress is so modern,” Khan says. “It’s a simple silhouette that’s tight on the waist — classic Hollywood meets Washington meets India.” 3 The gown was embroidered using a traditional Indian technique called zardosi, Momaya says. “It’s usually done with real gold or silver thread, which is very expensive. It’s intricate work that’s laborintensive and time-consuming.” The floral motif, Khan says, was commonly worn by Indian royalty. S.D. PHOTOS, CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: LAWRENCE JACKSON (OFFICIAL WHITE HOUSE PHOTO); CINDY ORD (GETTY IMAGES); SANDRA VUONG (SMITHSONIAN ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN CENTER); CHRISTIAN PETERSEN; SANDRA VUONG (SMITHSONIAN ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN CENTER); ALI AKBAR KHAN FOUNDATION; CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, CHICO, MERIAM LIBRARY SPECIAL COLLECTIONS T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E7 entertainment | Weekend Pass Diary of Balbir Singh Sodhi This diary contains the haunting premonitions of Balbir Singh Sodhi, the Sikh owner of an Arizona gas station who was murdered following the Sept. 11 attacks. “In the diary, he talks about his fears, how he felt things were going to change for him and members of his family after 9/11,” says curator Masum Momaya. This was the first in a series of hate crimes against South Asians, Momaya says. “He was attacked because he wore a turban and wore a beard, and people equated turbans and beards with Osama bin Laden.” TEXAS CHAINSAW HORNS & HOT MESS BURLESQUE February 28 Chillar This football helmet was once worn by Indian-American linebacker Brandon Chillar. “I think many people will be surprised to know there has been a Indian-American football player in the NFL and that he was part of the Super Bowl-winning Green Bay Packers team,” Momaya says. “I hope that children who come to the exhibit and see this will be inspired to know that not all Indian-Americans are doctors or engineers or taxi drivers.” This 1907 photo of a beet farmer in Hamilton City, Calif., illustrates Indian-Americans’ deep roots in this country. “Many Indian immigrants came to America in the ’60s and ’70s, but they started coming here in the 1800s and early 1900s as well,” Momaya says. Early waves of immigrants often settled in California, Oregon and Washington and worked on farms, she says. “There are some Indian families on the West Coast today that are fifth- and sixth-generation farmers.” S.D. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 28TH LATE SHOW THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27TH HOPSIN CHEYNE FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 28TH REAL LOUISIANA ZYDECO W/ MOJO & THE BAYOU GYPSIES MARDI GRAS PARTY W/ THE CRAWDADDIES March 4 SLICK RICK & RAKIM WITH LIVE BAND SATURDAY, MARCH 1ST BYT PRESENTS THE DC EMERGING ARTISTS SUPER SAMPLER VOL. 2 SUNDAY, MARCH 2ND TALIB KWELI March 1 Brandon Chillar’s helmet W W W. T H E H O WA R D T H E AT R E . C O M EX-RADIO FUTURA TUESDAY, MARCH 4TH AS THE PALACES BURN FILM SCREENING WEDNESDAY MARCH 5TH VERTICAL HORIZON TONIC - DISHWALLA THURSDAY MARCH 6TH JUICY J TRAVI$ SCOTT FRIDAY, MARCH 7TH EL ZOL PRESENTS JOEY MONTANA TOBY LOVE PERFORMING THE SONGS OF ASHFORD & SIMPSON VALERIE SIMPSON SATURDAY, MARCH 8TH LATE SHOW THE FREEDOM PARTY DJ HERBERT HOLLER, DJ COSI MONDAY, MARCH 10TH TRIBUTE TO BIGGIE SMALLS ODDISEE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 12TH CHIELI MINUCCI, RACHEL Z JERRY BROOKS and more... THURSDAY MARCH 13TH On the cover: The “Beyond Bollywood” curators collected family photos from Indian-American families around the United States. Here, the Ghoush family poses at Samuel P. Taylor State Park in Lagunitas, Calif., around 1970. SALT-N-PEPA EVERY SUNDAY WWW.THEHOWARDTHEATRE.COM 620 T ST. NW WASHINGTON DC E8 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E9 entertainment | Weekend Pass The Final Measure In ‘CSI: Mozart,’ BSO puts the composer’s puzzling death to rest The 1984 movie “Amadeus” points a finger at rival composer Antonio Salieri, but there are plenty of other theories as to what caused Mozart’s sudden illness and death. A few favorites include: Franz Hofdemel Mozart’s friend and Masonic brother, Hofdemel may have poisoned the composer for having an affair with his wife. The evidence? A day after Mozart’s funeral, Hofdemel attempted to kill his five-monthspregnant wife and succeeded in killing himself. Hofdemel’s wife later named the baby after Mozart and her late husband. Stage CHERISH THE LADIES Enchanting, witty Celtic music FEBRUARY 27 HAPA Beautiful Hawaiian ballads, hymns, and chants FEBRUARY 28 & MARCH 1 HABIB KOITÉ The Freemasons The secret society may have retaliated after Mozart gave away too much about their rituals in his opera “The Magic Flute.” “Mali’s biggest pop star” (Rolling Stone) MARCH 5 EDGAR MEYER MIKE MARSHALL Pork chops Mozart may have contracted trichinosis from his favorite food, a 2001 paper claims. Adventurous repertoire of bluegrass, jazz, classical, and Brazilian folk MARCH 6 ALSO ON SALE NOW: Schubert’s Winterreise 3/7 Southside Johnny & The Poor Fools 3/15 The Oak Ridge Boys 3/9 Tom Principato Band 3/20 PLUS MANY MORE! Discovery Series conducted the premieres six weeks apart in two different countries.” Just as Mozart was composing some of his greatest works, including “The Magic Flute” and his unfinished “Requiem,” he fell ill. At first, he complained of a high fever and headache, but that soon progressed to swelling and pain in his hands and legs. By the time Mozart died, his body has ballooned into comic proportions and stunk badly. Mozart’s doctor pronounced the cause of death “acute miliary fever” and called it a day. That doctor’s cursory diagnosis, made without an autopsy, launched a cottage industry that’s produced more than 100 theories as to what killed Mozart. Could he have been poisoned by rival composer Anto- nio Salieri? Was it a cuckolded friend who did the deed? Alsop will interrogate the witnesses and sort through the competing theories — a job she’s well suited for, Balle says. “I don’t want to say that Marin is a ham,” Balle says, “but it’s a requirement today for conductors to have the ability to talk to the audience, to tell a good story, and to share their insights into the music, and Marin is great at all of these things. This is a natural extension of what she already does.” SADIE DINGFELDER (E XPRESS) Music Center at Strathmore, 5301 Tuckerman Lane, North Bethesda; Fri., 8:15 p.m., $49-$83; 301-581-5100, strathmore.org. (Grosvenor-Strathmore) Vampiric habits Mozart’s tendency to sleep all day and work through the night could have resulted in a vitamin D deficiency, which kept his body from fighting off infection, according to a theory proposed in 2011. Solas 3/13 WOLFTRAP.ORG 1.877.WOLFTRAP Doctors Whatever his initial illness, the 2 liters of blood that doctors drained daily from the diminutive composer might have been what finally did him in, according to a 2010 paper. Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, 1212 Cathedral St., Baltimore; Sat., 7 p.m., $44-$73; 410-783-8000, bsomusic.org. It’s your WeekendPass Every Thursday in Express XX0165 1x2.5 THINKSTOCK/EXPRESS ILLUSTRATION Whether it’s “The Magic Flute” soundtracking a medical mystery on “House, M.D.” or “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” lightening the mood of a forensic investigation on “Body of Proof,” Mozart’s works have permeated pop culture. So perhaps it’s fitting that playwright Didi Balle has employed the police procedural format to help audiences hear Mozart with fresh ears — and figure out how he died. For “CSI: Mozart,” at Strathmore and t he Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall this weekend, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, a medical doctor Mozart and six actors will share a stage and provide different perspectives on Mozart’s life and his mysterious death at age 35. “It’s a whole new genre, really,” Balle says. Baltimore Symphony Orchestra conductor Marin Alsop will lead the staged investigation with the help of orthopedic surgeon William J. Dawson, author of several papers on Mozart’s death. In between musical excerpts and Dawson’s medical explanations, actors will re-enact episodes from the Austrian composer’s tumultuous life. “Toward the end of his life, he had fallen from favor with the Viennese, who were a bit fickle,” Balle says. “There was a recession in Vienna, they were at war, and his concerts weren’t selling the way they used to.” Things began to turn around for Mozart in 1791, when he won a flurry of commissions for new work. “That year, he wrote two fulllength operas,” Balle says, “and he Whodunnit? E10 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY 3701 Mount Vernon Ave. Alexandria, VA • 703-549-7500 Weekend Pass | entertainment For entire schedule go to Birchmere.com Find us on Facebook/Twitter! Tix @ Ticketmaster.com 800-745-3000 ‘Different Days’ RACHELLE FERRELL ZAPPA PLAYS ZAPPA “Roxy & Elsewhere 40th Anniversary Tour” Feb 28 Mar 5 6 with 7 8 Though most of the album was written during three months of grueling rehearsals in Perro’s Brooklyn bedroom, “Different Days” was the lone track The Men recorded that was already a live staple. “It was actually recorded almost as an afterthought because that was just a song that was already in our set,” Perro says. “We finished [recording] early [and said] let’s do ‘Different Days,’ which is funny because it ended up being a big part of the album.” TAB BENOIT (of the ASLEEP AT THE WHEEL DL ANNI EIGH HARMONY SWEEPSTAKES A CAPELLA FESTIVAL 2014 WATCH Awards Show • 7pm 12 LEO KOTTKE 9 Raw Beauty DWELE DON WILLIAMS 19 ‘Sleepless’ Perro plays piano and sings on this twangy, restless track that best represents his mental state during recording. “The songs that I wrote and contributed lyrics to … they all came from the same place,” Perro says. “A relationship was ending, I was feeling very, I don’t know, negative.” BOB SCHNEIDER & HAYES CARLL 21 KATHLEEN MADIGAN &23 20 ‘Madigan Again’ WALTER BEASLEY 29 CHERYL WHEELER & JOHN GORKA 30 CHRISTOPHER CROSS Apr 2 HUGH MASEKELA 3 RENAISSANCE 28 4 2013 Jazz Times Readers’ Poll Winner “Best Vocal Group”! ‘The Living Room Sessions’ 6 2013 Jazz Times Readers’ Poll Winner “Best Violinist”! 9 10 11 REGINA CARTER CANDY DULFER JIM BRICKMAN IRIS DEMENT ‘Pearly Gates’ Mark Perro, center, says The Men spent just two days in the studio in 2012 recording “Tomorrow’s Hits.” KEVIN FAULKNER THE MANHATTAN TRANSFER By Popular Demand Rockers The Men hit the road armed with ‘Tomorrow’s Hits’ Music For the first time in five years, The Men aren’t looking for tomorrow’s hits. Well, that’s not entirely true: The New York rock band is very much focused on “Tomorrow’s Hits,” its cheekily titled f ifth album. But when that record drops on Tuesday, it will be the first time since their 2010 debut, “Immaculada,” that The Men won’t have another album in the can. “ ‘Leave Home,’ when that came out [in 2011], we had already finished ‘Open Your Heart,’ ” singer and guitarist Mark Perro says. “By the time ‘Open Your Heart’ came out [in 2012], we had just finished ‘New Moon’ and we recorded ‘Tomorrow’s Hits’ in December 2012, before ‘New Moon’ even came out [in 2013]. We were always playing catch-up. The stuff we were really excited for, by the time it came out, we were moved on to something else. … We just got completely burnt out.” The Men took a slight break last fall, but are already back on the road. Ahead of Monday’s gig at the Rock and Roll Hotel, Perro walked Express through the new album, track by track. ‘Get What You Give’ ‘Dark Waltz’ With the help of a horn section, The Men channel their inner E Street Band on “Another Night,” easily the group’s most accessible song (and one befitting the album’s title). Perro says the band had been wanting to record with horns and the timing just finally worked out. “If there’s ever a time to try it, this song felt like a song that’s screaming for it — and we just went with it,” he says. With the opening, hard-edged guitar riff and a harmonica solo, “Dark Waltz” sounds like a continuation of last year’s “New Moon” and a thesis for the new album. “To me, that song really represents where we were at as a band, at that moment,” Perro says. “We really locked in together when we were recording that song.” The most straight-forward rock song on the album, “Get What You Give” boils The Men down to their basics: “I always described us as just a band,” Perro says. “When you start saying you’re this type of band, then people start getting all upset when you put out a record that doesn’t sound like your last record. So I’ve always thought of us in a much more general sense. It’s a band of dudes playing music — nothing too crazy about it.” “Tomorrow’s Hits” was recorded livein-studio in just two days, and the recordings are mostly single takes. The Men ran through this punky blues song just three times before picking the final version. “ ‘Pearly Gates’ is one of those songs that kinda needs that spontaneity,” Perro says. “You take that energy out of it and it’s just a blues song.” ‘Settle Me Down’ With a hypnotic country-rock vibe, this is the closest The Men come to balladry on “Tomorrow’s Hits.” “I was really into the groove of that song,” Perro says. “I think that’s the best part about it. We tried to have something chill, as cliche as that is, but that still moves, and being in a trance is an awesome reaction to it.” LINER NO T E S ‘Another Night’ ‘Going Down’ “Going Down” brings the album to a close by going back to what The Men do best: rock out. “I think we wanted to end on a jammer,” Perro says. “At the end it kind of fades out, the boys are soloing — I think that’s a good example of the kind of band we are.” RUDI GREENBERG (EXPRESS) Rock and Roll Hotel, 1353 H St. NE; Mon., 8 p.m., $15; 202-388-7625, rockandrollhoteldc.com. T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E11 entertainment | Weekend Pass WHO THE HECK IS ... Kieran Hebden — who goes by the name Four Tet — combines elements of free-jazz, dub, folk, EDM and house into warm, oddly emotional electronic music. The enigmatic British producer rarely participates in interviews, mostly letting his glitchy, fractured soundscapes speak for themselves. On Friday, Hebden returns to U Street Music Hall for the second time in less than two years. FOUR TET Refrigerate After Opening ALEX PETCH Hebden began his career as a guitarist for post-rock band Fridge, which he formed as a teenager in 1995 with classmates from the Elliott School in Putney, England (which was renamed ARK Putney Academy in 2012). The school is the same place where members of British indie bands The xx and Hot Chip met and began making music. Fridge released five proper studio albums from 1997 to 2007 and acted as the backing band for singersongwriter Badly Drawn Boy on a 2000 European tour. KIDS ARE FREE!! HUGE Operating Model Railroads • 250+ Tables of Trains for Sale • Trains Kids Can Ride Sat & Sun March 1st & 2nd, 10am - 4pm SHOW PLACE ARENA Prince George’s Equestrian Center 14900 Pennsylvania Ave, Upper Marlboro, MD Adults $8 - KIDS Under 12 FREE! FREE Parking! For Info Visit www.GreenbergShows.com Stop, Collaborate, Listen Hebden has worked with (and remixed) many big names, including Radiohead singer Thom Yorke, producer Madlib, elusive rapper MF Doom, Caribou’s Dan Snaith and English dubstep producer Burial (another Elliott School alumnus). Yorke has repeatedly cited Hebden as an influence, especially on Radiohead’s most recent album, 2011’s “The King of Limbs.” Don’t Call It Folktronica Critics have labeled Four Tet’s music, which occasionally incorporates instrumental folk samples, as “folktronica” (think: Avicii’s massive hit, “Wake Me Up”), a term Hebden rejects as misleading. Though his watershed album, 2003’s “Rounds,” may make use of short folk passages, the record consists entirely of obscure vinyl samples across many genres, intended to create tension and space between wide-ranging organic sounds. A Nostalgic ‘Rewind’ Hebden’s latest album, October’s “Beautiful Rewind,” is a slight departure from Four Tet’s usual aesthetic, nodding nostalgically to ’90s-era British electronic genre jungle. The sound is notable for its hyper-speed rhythmic break beats, reggae and dancehall influences, and minimalist elements. The single “Kool FM” takes its name from a U.K. pirate radio station that popularized the genre. Marathon Man Hebden’s shows regularly last as long as the average workday. His set at London’s FabricLive in October was billed as eight hours long, and while his U Street Music Hall show has no announced set length, there’s also no telling how late it could run. DREW LITOWITZ (FOR EXPRESS) U Street Music Hall, 1115 U St. NW; Fri., 10 p.m., sold out, 202-588-1880, ustreetmusichall.com. (U Street)  E12 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Weekend Pass | dining SCOTT SUCHMAN Westend Bistro’s Palmetto Moon cocktail includes a 105-proof apple-flavored moonshine. Southern Efficiency serves a cocktail of smoked cola and white whiskey (another name for moonshine) on tap. REACH FOR THE MOONSHINE The potent, once-illicit liquor gets a new role as a smooth cocktail addition If your knowledge of moonshine is limited to what you’ve seen on the Discovery Channel’s “Moonshiners” and the parts of “Deliverance” you haven’t erased from your memory, you need an update. “People have the idea that it’s still made in the backwoods,” says Jason Silerto, bartender at Westend Bistro. “Nothing could be further from the truth. Now it’s small batch and high quality.” Though the word “moonshine” — probably inspired by the smugglers who worked by the light of the moon to distribute the firewater — historically refers simply to illegally distilled spirits, the moonshines you can legally buy today are generally unaged white whiskeys produced by fermenting corn. It’s strong stuff, usually clocking in at over 100 proof and acerbic when sipped on its own, though you can detect a touch of sweetness from the corn. The following bartenders are mixing the original mountain dew into cocktails that evoke urban cool rather than backcountry shenanigans. Westend Bistro 1190 22nd St. NW; 202-974-5566, westendbistrodc.com. (Foggy Bottom) 707 Sixth St. NW; 202-289-3600, graffiatodc.com. (Gallery Place) “The mark of a really good moonshine is you should be able to drink as much as you want, pass out and wake up in the morning without a hangover,” Silerto says. He features a smootherthan-expected 105-proof apple-flavored moonshine from Palmetto Moonshine in his Palmetto Moon cocktail ($15). The autumn-inspired sipper is bolstered with peach liqueur, Absolut Elyx vodka and house-made apple cider syrup pepped with cinnamon, clove and allspice. No, it’s not served in a Mason jar — it arrives in a martini glass with a few brandied cherries. Libertine Mike Isabella’s beverage director, Taha Ismail, was more than a little skeptical when he started working with moonshine. “Everyone has a bad memory of it, myself included,” he says. “I never thought you could make a good cocktail with it.” Corsair Distillery’s pumpkin spice moonshine made him a convert. He combines the squashy spirit with lemon juice, maple syrup and allspice liqueur, then pours the mix into a goblet. The remaining two-thirds of the glass are topped off with pumpkin beer. Ismail dubbed the concoction the Smashing Pumpkins ($10) after the gloomy alterna-rockers. “I think Billy Corgan would like it,” Ismail says. 2435 18th St. NW; 202-450-3106, dclibertine.com. (Columbia Heights) Southern Efficiency Though this Adams Morgan watering hole has earned a reputation as a haven for absinthe aficionados since it opened last summer, its liquor list also features half a dozen moonshines. Two cocktails feature the spirit, including the Moonlit A f fair ($11). Clima x Moonshine (so named for the town in Virginia where it’s produced) is shaken with elderflower liqueur, rhubarb spirits, lemon juice and ice, then strained into a coupe glass. “You have to talk people into trying it, because everyone thinks it’s going to be way too strong,” general manager Morgan Tramontana says. “Most of them end up being pleasantly surprised.” 1841 Seventh St. NW; 202-316-9396, whiskeyhome.com. (Shaw-Howard U) You won’t see the word “moonshine” on the cocktail menu, but you will find white whiskey. Don’t be fooled — they’re basically the same thing. “Moonshine has t his wonderful allure and backstory,” bar manager JP Fetherston says, “but it doesn’t connote good whiskey.” So he uses Corsair Distillery’s Wry Moon to make the white whiskey and smoked cola cocktail ($7). The clear spirit is combined with house-made cola syrup accented with hickory smoke, clove and allspice. The blend goes into a keg, where it spends three days being carbonated. The finished product is available on draft, simply dressed up with a lemon wheel. NE VIN MARTELL (FOR E XPRESS) SAVE UP TO 20% NOW DURING OUR WINTER WHITE UPGRADE EVENT Offer expires soon. Call today to schedule your complimentary in-home design consultation. 4262 #L Entre Court, Chantilly, VA 20151 703.573.9300 CaliforniaClosets.com/Fairfax T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E13 dining | Weekend Pass IN OTHER CHEWS Go With the Grain Roofers Union’s broad menu teems with tasty, affordable eats HOLLEY SIMMONS (EXPRESS) JUNIOR MARVIN OF THE WAILERS PERFORMING UPRISING AND MORE FRIDAY DEL McCOURY BAND SATURDAY, MARCH 8 HOUNDMOUTH W/ RAYLAND BAXTER ASTRID RIECKEN PHOTOS (FOR THE WASHINGTON POST) MELVIN SEALS & JGB MONDAY, MARCH 10 HOLLEY SIMMONS For too long now, the discerning diner has had only a few motives — Cashion’s Eat Place and Mintwood Place, among the handful — for heading to Adams Morgan for dinner. The opening of Roofers Union this month not only adds fresh interest to the neighborhood, it does so at a price point that encourages regular attendance. The participation of Marjorie Me e k-Br ad le y, t he t a lente d chef at Ripple in Cleveland Park, is a major reason to cheer this news. A not her is t he space, formerly home to the bar Meek-Bradley called the Reef: t hree stories devoted to drinking and eating, including a second f loor with sweeping views of the bohemian scene on the ground and a rooftop. It’s that lofty outdoor venue that inspired the youthful restaurant’s name and menu, says the chef, 29, who describes Roofers Union as “an American-style beer garden. German, but not really.” Cue the house-made sausages, including chicken laced with nutmeg and ginger and cradled in a pretzel roll baked on-site. And bring on the snacks, clever and delicious and $9, on average. My posse makes quick work of the tender lamb ribs served with cuminspiced yogurt, chicken wings glossy with honey and Sriracha, and a surprise best-seller: pig ear salad. “The servers enjoy it,” MeekBradley says. “They get people to try” the toss of cured, fried-toorder ears and frisee and watercress. When pierced with a fork, an egg on top becomes the dressing. Given all the familiar food she’s Bizarre things are happening in the basement of Jack Rose Dining Saloon (2007 18th St. NW; 202588-7388). Every Saturday night, bartenders Nick Lowe and Trevor Frye concoct curious cocktails like the Ode to Omaha, which is served capped in a glass orb with hickory smoke, below, and the Maiden Voyage, which starts as a sazerac but morphs into a vieux carre as the ice melts. It’s all a part of Dram and Grain, the new weekly reservationonly cocktail and small bites experience in the intimate space. LIVE SHARON CORR OF THE CORRS FRIDAY, MARCH 14 Ready to Mardi Roofers Union’s snap pea salad, top, is topped with sesame seeds and slices of blood orange. The crispy pig ear salad with frisee and an egg, above, is a standout. offering, the chef, who is dividing her time between two neighborhoods, figures she’s free to serve a few bold statements at Roofers Union. Sweetbreads (“one of my favorite things”) are presented as though they were po’ boys, for instance. Treated to a buttermilk bath before frying and a lime mayonnaise afterward, the organ meat is heady eating. A category called “Simple” announces large plates. Steak frites, dull despite a knob of herbed butter, compares unfavorably with the pairing offered by, say, Bearnaise on Capitol Hill. Grilled salmon decorated with shaved fennel and juicy chicken cooked under a FIRST BI T E brick are more in keeping with the top toque’s style. The young and friendly servers at Roofers Union, which is dressed here and there with old tools and work uniforms, rock. Want to sample a beer or three? Not a problem. And when we run out of chips for the oniony dip, replacements are rushed over. But surely I’m not the only guy tired of having a bunch of small plates show up at the same time for the convenience of the kitchen. Maybe Meek-Bradley can do for the larger community what she has done for Adams Morga n a nd cha nge t hat ga me. TOM SIETSEMA ( THE WASHINGTON POST ) Roofers Union, 2446 18th St. NW; 202-232-7663, roofersuniondc.com. Keep your shirt on: There are plenty of places to get a king cake in time for Fat Tuesday next week. At the top of our list is pastry chef CarriAnne Hamer’s sparkly 11-inch version available for pre-order at Pearl Dive ($30, 1612 14th St. NW). Over at Bayou Bakery, chef David Guas is offering a 14-inch version of the Mardi Gras classic filled with creole cream cheese ($40, 1515 N. Courthouse Road, Arlington). And at Praline Bakery you’ll find 8-inch king cakes filled with a cinnamon swirl and topped with yellow, green and purple course sugar ($28, 4611 Sangamore Road, Bethesda). H.S. NEW & SOON 2.14 The District Fishwife opened at 1309 Fifth St. NE 2.21 Fiola Mare opened at 3050 K St. NW CHOPTEETH AFROFUNK BIG BAND W/ SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE WEDNESDAY, MARCH 19 ROYAL SOUTHERN BROTHERHOOD W/ A.J. CROCE FRIDAY, MARCH 21 THE WHEELER BROTHERS W/ DESERT NOISES THURSDAY, MARCH 27 REVEREND PEYTON’S BIG DAMN ROOTS REVOLUTION TOUR W/ DEX ROMWEBER FRIDAY, MARCH 28 JOHN K. BAND LATE-NIGHT MUSIC IN THE LOFT EVERY FRI & SAT THEHAMILTONDC.COM 4262 #L Entre Court, Chantilly, VA 20151 703.573.9300 CaliforniaClosets.com/Fairfax SAVE UP TO 20% NOW DURING OUR WINTER WHITE UPGRADE EVENT 703.573.9300 CaliforniaClosets.com/Fairfax Offer expires soon. Call today to schedule your complimentary in-home design consultation. E14 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E15 Weekend Pass | goingoutguide.com A Singer So Brave goingoutguide.com | Weekend Pass venues MICHAEL BOLTON went from punch line to in-on-the-joke when he put on a pirate hat and sang “Jack Sparrow” with The Lonely Island on “Saturday Night Live.” He probably won’t do that at Strathmore on Sunday, but anything’s possible. ►sound POWERED BY WWW.GOINGOUTGUIDE.COM THURSDAY Birchmere: Los Lobos, the Mastersons, 7:30 p.m., sold out. Blues Alley: Tuck and Patti, 8 and 10 p.m. DC9: Milagres, Alarms & Controls, Malatese, 8:30 p.m. Empire: Comeback Kid, Backtrack, Xibalba, Downpresser, To the Wind, Queensway, 5 p.m. George Mason University/Patriot Center: Robin Thicke, 8 p.m. Iota Club & Cafe: The Grand Candy, Don Zientara, 8:30 p.m. Jammin’ Java: Caroline Smith, Ayo Awosika, 7:30 p.m. Kennedy Center/Terrace Theater: Kalichstein-Laredo-Robinson Trio, 7:30 p.m. Kennedy Center/Concert Hall: National Symphony Orchestra, 7 p.m. Kennedy Center/Millennium Stage: Denyse Pearson and the Gentlemen of Distinction, 6 p.m., free. Rams Head On Stage: Larry Keel ➜PATRIOT CENTER: 4500 PATRIOT CIRCLE, FAIRFAX; 202-397-7328, ➜THE FILLMORE: 8656 COLESVILLE ➜KENNEDY CENTER: 2700 F ST. NW; THESTATETHEATRE.COM. ➜BLACK CAT: 1811 14TH ST. NW; 202-667- 202-467-4600, 800-444-1324, ➜ U STREET MUSIC HALL: 1115 U ST. 7960, BLACKCATDC.COM. KENNEDY-CENTER.ORG. NW; 202-588-1880, USTREETMUSICHALL. COM. 9:30 Club: St. Vincent, 7 p.m., sold out. Birchmere: The Mavericks, 7:30 p.m., sold out. Black Cat: Touche Amore, 7 p.m. Blues Alley: Tuck and Patti, 8 and 10 p.m. Bohemian Caverns: Ellen Christi Duo, 7 and 8:30 p.m. George Mason University/Patriot Center: Demi Lovato, 7 p.m. Jammin’ Java: The Summer Set, 8 p.m., sold out. Kennedy Center/Terrace Theater: Julia Bullock, 2 p.m. Kennedy Center/Concert Hall: The Washington Chorus, 5 p.m. Music Center at Strathmore: Michael Bolton, 7 p.m.; CityDance, 1 and 6:30 p.m. Rams Head On Stage: Rachelle Ferrell, 5 and 8 p.m. State Theatre: Cowboy Junkies, 8 p.m. The Fillmore: Shaggy, 8 p.m. The Howard Theatre: Harlem Gospel Choir, 1 p.m.; Talib Kweli, Pharoahe Monch and NaVon Smith, 9 p.m. ➜BLUES ALLEY: 1073 WISCONSIN AVE. ➜MERRIWEATHER POST PAVILION: 10475 LITTLE PATUXENT PARKWAY, ➜VELVET LOUNGE: 915 U ST. NW; ➜DAR CONSTITUTION HALL: 18TH AND COLUMBIA, MD.; 410-715-5550, C STREETS NW; 202-628-4780, DAR.ORG/ MERRIWEATHERMUSIC.COM. ➜WARNER THEATRE: 13TH AND E CONTHALL. ➜WOLF TRAP: FILENE CENTER: 1551 ➜EMPIRE: 6355 ROLLING ROAD, SPRING- STRATHMORE.ORG. TRAP ROAD, VIENNA; 703-255-1900, sold out. Birchmere: Rachelle Ferrell, 7:30 p.m. Black Cat: Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks, 9 p.m., sold out. BlackRock Center for the Arts: Ballet Hispanico Latin Dance Party, 7:30 p.m. Blues Alley: Tuck and Patti, 8 and 10 p.m. Bohemian Caverns: Tim Green, 8:30 and 10:30 p.m. Empire: Mobile Deathcamp, 6 p.m. George Mason University/Patriot Center: The Avett Brothers, Old Crow Medicine Show, 8 p.m. Iota Club & Cafe: Justin Trawick and the Common Good with Matt Hutchinson Band, 9 p.m. Jammin’ Java: Jammin’ Java’s MidAtlantic Band Battle Finals, 8 p.m. Kennedy Center/Terrace Theater: Gerald Clayton Trio, 7:30 and 9:30 p.m. Kennedy Center/Concert Hall: National Symphony Orchestra, 8 p.m. Kennedy Center/Millennium Stage: UpRooted Dance, 6 p.m., free. Music Center at Strathmore: Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, 8:15 p.m. Rams Head On Stage: Los Lobos, 6:30 and 9:30 p.m. Acoustic Power Trio, Saltwater Stringband, 8 p.m. Rock & Roll Hotel: Karaoke Cup VI, 9 p.m., free. The Fillmore: Emblem3 with Mkto, 7 p.m. The Howard Theatre: Hopsin, Cheyne, 9 p.m. Twins Jazz: Greater U Street Jazz Collective, 8 and 10 p.m. U Street Music Hall: Camo and Krooked, 7 p.m. FRIDAY 9:30 Club: Randy Rogers Band, 8 p.m., LOUNGE SHOWCASE NBC’S “UNDATEABLE” PREMIER TOUR MICHAEL BLACKSON JOHN HEFFRON JUDAH FRIEDLANDER “THE X FACTOR” may be over, but Demi Lovato, who was a judge on the Fox singing show, shouldn’t be worried. Last year, the pop singer scored a massive hit with her electronic-tinged “Heart Attack.” And if her latest single, “Neon Lights,” is any indication, EDM is where the former Disney star is headed. Find out for yourself at the Patriot Center on Sunday. Rock & Roll Hotel: Georgetown Cabaret, 9 p.m. State Theatre: Right On Band, 9 p.m. The Fillmore: Flogging Molly, 7 p.m., sold out. The Hamilton: Bob Marley Tribute: Junior Marvin of the Wailers, Nappy Riddem, 8:30 p.m.; Steve and Annie Sidley, 10:30 p.m., free. The Howard Theatre: Slick Rick, Rakim, NaVon Smith, 8 p.m. Twins Jazz: Alex Norris Quintet Featuring Troy Roberts, 8 and 10 p.m. U Street Music Hall: Greg Laswell, 7 p.m.; Four Tet, 10 p.m. MARCH 8 Comedy School grads With Chris D'Elia, Ron Funches, Next Friday & HBO's Professional DC area perform in our Lounge Brent Morin & Rick Glassman Def Comedy Jam comedians host our Lounge PABLO FRANCISCO through Sept. 21. “Ubuhle Women, Beadwork and the Art of Independence,” this NW; 202-337-4141, BLUESALLEY.COM. in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, examining the generational, social and ➜RED PALACE: 1212 H ST. NE; 202-399- CUAdrama To request accommodations for individuals with disabilities, please call 202-319-5358. Lower Mississippi Valley,” an exhibition 3201, REDPALACEDC.COM. 202-319-4000 of women living and working together Twins Jazz: Alex Norris Quintet Featuring Troy Roberts, 8 and 10 p.m. U Street Music Hall: Gems, 7 p.m.; Gent and Jawns, Alex Young Willy Joy, Rex Riot, 10 p.m. 202-787-1000, THEHAMILTONDC.COM. money.” n take their nt ... And the what they wa le op pe “Give the “cloth”), developed by a community munity. “Home Sewn: Quilts From the ➜IOTA CLUB & CAFE: 2832 WILSON JO KOY pastime in the African-American com- Army, Sheila D. Yeah, Ras Nebyu, 8 p.m. ➜ARLINGTON CINEMA & DRAFTHOUSE: 1140 Connecticut Ave. Washington, DC 20036 Feb. 27–March 2 Walking Sticks, Farma Wes, Me & This 930.COM. America’s Premier Comic Hypnotist Mad TV, HBO & Comedy Central Last Comic Standing, Tonight Show & Comedy Central 30 Rock, Zoolander & Meet the Parents Comedy Central, Conan & The World Stands Up Buy tickets @ dcimprov.com or 202.296.7008 SATURDAY 9:30 Club: St. Vincent, 8 p.m., sold out. Birchmere: Rachelle Ferrell, 7:30 p.m. Black Cat: David Koechner, Matt Dwyer, 9 p.m. BlackRock Center for the Arts: Cashore Marionettes, 1 and 8 p.m. Blues Alley: Tuck and Patti, 8 and 10 p.m. Bohemian Caverns: Tim Green, 8:30 and 10:30 p.m. Empire: Lion in the Mane, Rookie of the Year, Lily Kershaw, 5 p.m. Iota Club & Cafe: Cheick Hamala Diabate and His Band, 8:30 p.m. Jammin’ Java: Willie Nile Trio, 7 p.m.; Melodime, Courrier, Pretty Gritty, 10 p.m.; Justin Roberts, 10:30 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. Kennedy Center/Concert Hall: National Symphony Orchestra, 8 p.m. Music Center at Strathmore: Sweet Honey in the Rock, 8 p.m.; CityDance, 7:30 p.m. Rams Head On Stage: The Straits, 6 p.m.; Scott Ian, 9:30 p.m. Rock & Roll Hotel: Black Masala, Balti Mare, Jonny Grave, 8 p.m. State Theatre: Zoso, 9 p.m. The Hamilton: Bob Marley Tribute: Junior Marvin of the Wailers, Nappy Riddem, 8:30 p.m.; Harris Face, 10:30 p.m., free. The Howard Theatre: DDM, Pleasure Curses, Akoko, Hassani Kwess, the 202-633-4820, anacostia.si.edu. Arlington Arts Center: “CSA: Forty Years of Community-Sourced Art,” features veteran artists Ken Ashton, Martha Jackson Jarvis, Soledad Salame, Erik Continued on page E18 coming to STRATHMORE Sweet Honey in the Rock 40th Anniversary Celebration: Forty and Fierce! SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 8PM ►sight POWERED BY WWW.GOINGOUTGUIDE.COM Addison/Ripley: “Mira Hecht: All Things Vanish,” the artist presents her paintings and works on paper, through March 15. 1670 Wisconsin Ave. NW; 202338-5180, addisonripleyfineart.com. American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center: “Sightlines: Ann Pibal, Jill Downen, Frank Trankina and Dean Smith,” a group exhibition curated by Tim Doud features work by the artists, through April 6. “Washington Art Matters II: 1940s-1980s,” an exhibition highlighting the history of Washington art from the 1940s through the 1980s, through March 16. 4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW; 202-885-1300, american.edu/cas/ katzen. Anacostia Community Museum: “Black Baseball in the District of Columbia,” an examination of the national LEGENDARY GRAMMY-WINNING POP ICON Michael Bolton SUNDAY, MARCH 2, 7PM Anat Cohen www.strathmore.org | (301) 581-5100 Strathmore Ticket Office 5301 Tuckerman Lane, North Bethesda Groups Save! (301) 581-5199 TAKE METRO! We’re right on the Red Line. SAVE UP TO 20% NOW DURING OUR WINTER WHITE UPGRADE EVENT Offer expires soon. Call today to schedule your complimentary in-home design consultation. 4262 #L Entre Court, Chantilly, VA 20151 703.573.9300 CaliforniaClosets.com/Fairfax E16 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY THEATRE Shear Madness The Kennedy Center Theater Lab It's an ordinary day at the Shear Madness salon, when the lady upstairs gets knocked off. WHOdunit? Catch the killer at this comedy, where "shrieks of laughter night after night" (Washington Post), shake the walls of the Kennedy Center. Regular Schedule: Tuesday–Friday at 8 Saturday at 6 & 9 Sunday at 3 & 7 Fifi and Hunter Forever! Now playing through April 6 Best for ages 1-5 Mario Vargas Llosa’s La Señorita de Tacna La Vida Que Me Das… y no me alcanza Such a Life You’ve Given Me… and it’s not enough Virginia Woolf’s classic Orlando Adapted for the stage by Sarah Ruhl Rumpelstiltskin Children's Theatre Thru March 9 Thurs – Sat at 8 pm Sun at 2 pm Through March 9 Thur., Fri. & Sat. 8pm; Sun. 3pm Now through March 23 Thursday–Saturday at 7:30 pm Saturday and Sunday at 2 pm Now playing through March 16. Best for ages 5-10 Premiere! A faux tabloid romance sends Hollywood into an uproarious tailspin of scandal and greed beyond even the tabloids' wildest dreams. Scarves become birds, and socks can dance when kids play dress-up! Let your imagination go wild with this interactive and fun show! A portrayal of a family’s secrets in which memories of youthful love fade in and out of the present. In Spanish with English surtitles. “…non-stop laughs, and a rattling fun time in the theatre." -DC Metro Theater Arts “Three skilled actresses…deliver an exuberant performance, timed for laughs." -DC Theatre Scene Edgy new production of Virginia Woolf’s gender-bending classic novel beautifully adapted by Sarah Ruhl. Takes audiences on a time-traveling erotic journey with a winsome young man who awakens one morning to find himself in the throes of a surprising transformation. The Miller’s Daughter enlists riddling Rumpelstiltskin to spin straw into gold. But, his price is high. Will she solve his mystery? The Kennedy Center Theater Lab Tickets: 202-467-4600 Groups: 202-416-8400 www.shearmadness.com $50 Added Show: Thu @ 5 PM $10-15 Discover the joy of turning things inside out! $20-42 $15-$35 In Spanish with live English dubbing Theatre on the Run 3700 South Four Mile Run Dr. Arlington, VA 22206 wscavantbard.org or 703-418-4808 for tickets $10 – $35 All 2 pm Saturday shows are Pay What You Can. Imagination Stage 4908 Auburn Ave. Bethesda, MD imaginationstage.org $10+ “Rumpelstiltskin strikes theatrical gold!” –WaPo $15 Free parking / Rosslyn Metro: Three blocks The Hartke Theatre 3801 Harewood Road NE Washington, DC 20017 drama.cua.edu Imagination Stage 4908 Auburn Ave. Bethesda, MD imaginationstage.org GALA Theatre 3333 14th Street, NW 202-234-7174 www.galatheatre.org Gunston Arts Center Theater Two 2700 S. Lang St. Arlington, VA 22206 703-548-3092 www.teatrodelaluna.org The Scarlet Letter Fri Feb 28 / 8pm The novel so many dreaded in high school is given new life as we explore Hester Prynne's story through the eyes of Hawthorne himself as he questions Ruby, Hester's great-granddaughter, about the events which took place in Puritanical, Colonial Massachusetts. Artisphere 1101 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22209 Artisphere.com 703-875-1100 Nelson Rodrigues Feb 13 – Mar 9, 2014 Thu – Sat @ 8 PM Sun @ 3 PM Perfect-pitch direction – DCThtrScene A rich sensual experience - CityPaper Sexy, thoughtful…delightfully wicked. You will be captivated – B’wayWorld Spooky Action Theater 1810 16th St NW, WDC 20009 202-248-0301 www.spookyaction.org $25-35 Stud & Senior Rates A meditation on death and eternity, featuring Maurice Duruflé’s 1948 masterpiece, Requiem Op. 9 for organ and chorus. The National Presbyterian Church 4101 Nebraska Ave NW, Washington, DC washingtonmasterchorale.org (202) 596-8934 $20 $50 Irish singer, songwriter, musician & comedian performs his repertoire of traditional Irish, classic Country & Western, American & Scottish ballads. BlackRock Ctr for the Arts Germantown, MD 20874 Go to Blackrockcenter.org or call 240.912.1058 Lean & Hungry Theater Presents: Free Off-Street Parking on Fri & Sat MUSIC - CONCERTS Washington Master Chorale Perpetual Light Irish, Celtic & Comedy Seamus Kennedy Kathy Mattea Calling Me Home Saturday, THIS March 1 WEEKEND! at 8pm Sixth & I Historic Synagogue Sunday, March 2, 2014, 4:00 p.m. Pre-concert discussion at 3:00 p.m. Thursday, March 13, 2014, 7:30pm Koresh Dance Company Friday, March 21 Saturday, March 22 at 8pm Lansburgh Theatre Jon Batiste & Stay Human Saturday, March 29 at 8pm The Howard Theatre Student tickets $10 (balcony) $14.0025.00 Thomas Colohan, Artistic Director New CD On Sale Now! Located just off I-270, closer than you think! Chris Botti Thursday, May 22 at 8pm Kennedy Center WPAS.org • (202) 785-WPAS (9727) Presented by Washington Performing Arts Society T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E17 MUSIC - CONCERTS Baroque orchestra and chorus. Robert Petillo, tenor (Evangelist) Richard Giarusso, bass (Christus) Laura Choi Stuart, soprano Barbara Hollinshead, mezzo-soprano Matthew Smith, tenor Steven Combs, baritone National Presbyterian Church 4101 Nebraska Ave, NW (202)429-2121 www.bachconsort.org Single tickets $23$65 Sunday, March 2, 2014 1 p.m. In honor of the Year of the Military Woman, this performance will feature an all-female ensemble and integrate multi-media elements. Women In Military Service For America Memorial Arlington National Cemetery Arlington, Va. 22211 www.usafband.af.mil Free, no tickets required Sunday, Mar. 9 at 3pm This virtuosic ensemble performs a soul stirring program: Mozart, Piano Trio in C Major, K. 548; Shostakovich, Piano Trio in E Minor, Op. 67; Schubert, Piano Trio #2 in E Flat Major. National Academy of Sciences Auditorium 2101 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, DC Info. 202.334.2436 or www.cpnas.org Free Photo ID required The Music Center at Strathmore 5301 Tuckerman Lane North Bethesda, MD 20852 www.strathmore.org or (301) 581-5100 for tickets $25 $35 Concert presented by the Serenade! International Choral Series and Classical Movements Mount Calvary Catholic Church 6700 Marlboro Pike Forestville, MD $20 Spain’s famed boy choir: Escolania de Montserrat The Maryland Choral Society “Lord Nelson” Mass By Franz Joseph Haydn Marine Chamber Orchestra Sunday, March 16, 2014 at 3pm Sunday, March 2, 2014 at 4:00 p.m. 3:30 p.m. pre-concert discussion with Artistic Director, Richard Giarusso. Sunday at 2 p.m. Advance reservations: https://claremont-trio.eventbrite.com/ Thousands travel daily to hear this Barcelona choir sing! Don’t miss the one D.C.-area performance by this exceptional & renowned 800-year-old boy choir during their first U.S. tour! “Nobody knows what awaits in heaven. But if music exists up there, no doubt it will be made by these voices...” The “Lord Nelson” Mass is arguably the greatest of the six late Haydn Masses that stand at the summit of the composer’s long and distinguished career. The 50 voices of the MCS will be joined in performance by a full orchestra and soloists. MCS Artistic Director, Dr. Richard Giarusso, will conduct. Homage to the Godfathers Although musical style has undergone countless changes, the mastery of Haydn and Beethoven continues to serve as an inspiration for music of our time. This performance will also feature music by Rota and Prokofiev. Free pre-concert lecture This performance will feature Igor Stravinsky’s “A Soldier’s Tale”. $15 students /seniors Schlesinger Concert Hall Northern Virginia Community College 3001 N. Beauregard Street Alexandria, VA 202-433-4011 www.marineband.marines.mil Free, no tickets required Parking is available for $6 $15.00 Located just off I-270, closer than you think! Tickets: at the door or online at marylandchoralsociety.org WORLD MUSIC AND DANCE Latin Dance Lesson & Party featuring Ballet Hispanico Fri, Feb 28, 2014 7:30pm Learn Latin dance genres like Salsa, Merengue & Bachata in this hi-energy lesson by 2 members of the premier Latino dance co: Ballet Hispanico. BlackRock Ctr for the Arts Germantown, MD 20874 Go to Blackrockcenter.org or call 240.912.1058 Friday, February 28 at 8 PM PASO presents music from influential Latin American composers who share a common aesthetic – romantic nationalism. Music by Brenno Blauth, Claudio Santoro (Brazil), Arturo Marquez (Mexico) Astor Piazzolla and Jose Bragato (Argentina). Embassy of Argentina 1600 New Hampshire Ave. NW For tickets call 240-242-8032 www.panamsymphony.org It’s almost carnival season, and Brazilian/American group Nation Beat is bringing the party to Artisphere! Artisphere 1101 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22209 Artisphere.com 703-875-1100 $15 Free parking / Rosslyn Metro: Three blocks Ronald Reagan Building 1300 Pennsylvania Ave, NW Tix available at 202.397.SEAT ticketmaster.com $36 Discounts available for groups of 10+. 202-312-1427 Pan American Symphony’s Latin American Music from the Heart Nation’s Beat Carnival Caravan Sat March 1 / 8pm $25 in advance $30 at the door Sponsored by the DC Commission on the Arts & Embassy of Argentina COMEDY Washington, DC’s Premiere Political Satire Troupe Fridays & Saturdays at 7:30pm A musical, political satire. We put the MOCK in Democracy! www.capsteps.com Info: 202.312.1555 E18 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Weekend Pass | goingoutguide.com Fabulous! Special Exhibition Now on View Be dazzled by the artistic treasures from the golden age of Catherine the Great, one of Russia’s foremost art collectors and shrewdest leaders. Lecture & Performance: Opera in the Court of Catherine the Great Sat, Mar 1, 4–5:30pm Faculty and artists from the Levine School of Music illuminate the role of opera in Catherine the Great's court. Serene Sundays erg, through March 29. 1358-60 Florida Thor Sandberg and Foon Sham, alongside grounds,” the Baltimore artist will Ave. NE; 202-588-8750, connersmith the more recent arrivals Tariq Tucker, J.J. remove the sketches and scale draw- McCracken, Nikki Painter, Alex Podesta ings and leave the wall coverings which and Dane Winkler, through April 18. “Here will then become background for the and Now,” features the work of `the art works installed by artists in the Wash- center’s 12 resident artists, through ington Project for the Arts (WPA) exhi- Sun, Mar 16, 2:30–3:30pm April 13. 3550 Wilson Blvd., Arlington; bition and Art Auction Gala , Select Enjoy this vocal ensemble's fourth annual concert at Hillwood featuring pop, light jazz, and folk. 703-248-6800, findyourartist.org. 2014, through March 21. “May I Have the Concert by Not What You Think Passion of the Empress Symposium Sat, Mar 29, 11am–3:30pm Russian scholars explore the life of Catherine the Great. Presented with the Initiative for Russian Culture at American University. March is Orchid Month Mar 1–29 Sun, Mar 2 & 16, 1–5pm Learn about founder Marjorie Merriweather Post’s favorite flower. Orchids and cherry blossoms beckon for spectacular Sunday visits. Hands-on Workshop: How to Get Your Orchid to Rebloom Monuments Man: Hillwood's Marvin Ross Sun, Mar 2, 2–3:30pm Hear about Hillwood's own "Monuments Man," Marvin Ross, who was also Hillwood's first curator. Lecture: The Golden Age of American Gardens, by Eleanor Weller Reade Tue, Mar 4, 6–8pm Go coast to coast with the most splendid estates and gardens from the turn of the 20th century. Rescheduled from Feb 13 Lecture: The Art Collections of Two Powerful Women, by Dr. Asen Kirin Tue, Mar 11, 6–8pm Explore the art collections of Empress Catherine the Great of Russia and Marjorie Merriweather Post. Preschool Series: Fanciful Heroes Thu, Mar 13, 20 & 27, 10:30–11:15am Hunt for dragons, make a hero's cape, and explore a fantastical world of adventure in the Mansion.. Limited to 10 children ages 2–5, each with one accompanying adult. Sat, Mar 1 & 8, 10am–12pm Sat, Mar 15 & 22, 1–3pm Greenhouse Tours Sat, Mar 1, 8, 15 & 22, 12pm Tue, Mar 4, 11, 18 & 25, 11am and 2pm Fri, Mar 7, 14, 21 & 28, 11am and 2pm Hands-on Orchid Workshop: To Repot or Not? Sat, Mar 1, 1–3pm Sat, Mar 15, 22 & 29, 10am–12pm Lecture: First Ladies and their Cattleyas: 1929 to Present, by Arthur Chadwick Thu, Mar 6, 5:30–7:30pm Discover the decades-long tradition of presenting a new cattleya to each First Lady. Art Museum of the Americas: “Transforming Cityscapes,” an exhibition reflecting the museum’s mission to promote artists and designers from member and observer countries, through March 16. 201 18th St. NW; 202370-0147, museum.oas.org. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery: “Chigusa and the Art of Tea,” exploring the tea culture of Japan, Korea and China, this exhibition features Chinese calligraphy, Chinese and Korean tea bowls, Japanese stoneware containers and more, through July 27. “Eyes of the World: Ara Guler’s Anatolia,” the photographer’s iconic snapshots of medieval Seljuk and Armenian buildings from 1965, through May 4. “Perspectives: Rina Banerjee,” the contemporary artist draws inspiration from her birthplace of India, creating a sculptural river of glass bottles on the floor of the museum pavilion, through June 8. 1050 Independence Ave. SW; 202-633-1000, asia.si.edu. Artisphere: “#Coping,” a collection of artist Claire Brigg’s crocheted wall hangings that reflect the power of words, through March 15. “Gary Piano Delivered to You?,” resident artist Emily Francisco manipulates the deconstructed parts of an antique baby grand piano. It is related to her interactive piece “The Trans-Harmonium: A Listening Device,” which allows guests to play an antique piano keyboard connected to tuned radios, through April 6. 1101 Wilson Blvd., Arlington; 703-875-1100, artisphere.com. Athenaeum: “Katie Runnerstrom,” the artist’s work is rooted both in science and a fertile imagination. Botany, marine science and astronomy inspire her whimsical drawings and paintings, through March 16. 201 Prince St., Alexandria; 703-548-0035, nvfaa.org. LAST CHANCE BlackRock Center for the Arts: “Collective: A Visual Narrative of Tale, Time, and Thought,” an assemblage and mixed-media exhibit featuring work by Renee Lachman, Zofie Lang and Henrik Sundvquist, Thu. and Fri. 12901 Town Commons Drive, Germantown, Md.; 301-528-2260, blackrockcenter.org. Connersmith: “Between Solitude and Belonging,” photographs by Maria Frib- Fashion Forward Hands-on Orchid Workshop: To Repot or Not? Sat, Mar 1, 1–3pm Sat, Mar 15, 22 & 29, 10am–12pm Hands-on Workshop: Beyond Orchids: Ten Easy Tropical Plants for the Home SAUL LOEB (AFP/GETTY IMAGES) Passion of the Empress: Catherine The Great's Art Patronage Continued from page E15 Sat, Mar 29, 1–3pm Where Fabulous Lives For mor e inf or mation call 202.686.5807 or visit HillwoodMuseum.org 4155 Linnean Ave. NW, Washington DC Free parking FIRST LADY MICHELLE OBAMA had style blogs buzzing at her husband’s second inaugural ball with this chiffon gown. Her ensemble is on display at the American History Museum for the centennial of the first ladies exhibition. .us.com. Corcoran Gallery of Art: “Alex Prager: Face in the Crowd,” Prager displays her elaborate crowd scenes in both photography and video, through March 9. “American Journeys — Visions of Place,” a new installation of the museum’s pre-1945 American paintings and sculpture collection organized around the theme of the changing notion of place in the history of American art. 500 17th St. NW; 202-639-1700, corcoran.org. Fairfax Art League: “Art-A-Tax,” a collection of art by Larry Oskin and Oscar Vigano includes photographs, paintings and drawings, through April 18. Old Town Hall, 3999 University Drive, Fairfax; 703-273-2377, fairfaxartleague.net. Flashpoint: “Cindy Cheng: The Hero and the Villain,” an art installation composed of drawings, object arrangements and constructions, through March 29. 916 G St. NW; 202-315-1305, culturaldc.org. Folger Shakespeare Library: “Shakespeare’s the Thing,” in honor of the Bard’s 450th birthday anniversary, members of the Folger staff selected pieces from the venue’s collection that demonstrate Shakespeare’s influence on visual art, performance and scholarship, through June 15. 201 E. Capitol St. SE; 202-544-4600, folger.edu. LAST CHANCE Foundry Gallery: “Take 2,” a new members show featuring the photographic work of Gordana Gerskovic and watercolor landscapes from Alex Tolstoy, Thu.-Sun. 1314 18th St. NW; 202-463-0203, foundrygallery.org. Freer Gallery of Art: “Off the Beaten Path: Early Works by James McNeill Whistler,” drawings, etchings and watercolors from the artist that were created while he was traversing the French countryside in the summer of 1858, through Sept. 28. “Promise of Paradise: Early Chinese Buddhist Sculpture,” a collection of stone and gilt bronze Buddhist sculptures highlight two flourishing ages, the late Six Dynasties and the High Tang (sixth to eighth century). The exhibition’s dramatic focus is the monumental Cosmological Buddha: a lifesize stone sculpture covered in intricate representations of the earthly realms. It is the only one of its kind on the world. “Sylvan Sounds: Freer, Dewing and Japan,” American tonalism — T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E19 goingoutguide.com | Weekend Pass “And The Winner Is...” Watch the Oscars® Live on the BIG SCREEN Something’s Off Here … at the DC Film Society’s 22nd annual event Sunday, March 2, 2014 • 8pm at Arlington Cinema ‘N’ Drafthouse 2903 Columbia Pike, Arlington,VA Tickets $20. Doors at 6:30 pm, Red Carpet broadcast 7pm Hosted by film critics Bill Henry & Tim Gordon Door prizes, Predict the Winners contest,Trivia, Silent Auction with signed items Info/Tickets: www.dcfilmsociety.org Proceeds support the activities of DC Film Society & FilmFest DC (April 17-27) SANTIAGO SIERRA AND JORGE GALINDO “ THRILLING AND INTENSE! LIAM NEESON DELIVERS.” FOX-TV IN AUGUST 2012, SPANISH ARTIST SANTIAGO SIERRA organized a motorcade carrying paintings of Span- ish politicians by the painter Jorge Galindo. Surprised passersby took cellphone photos of the stunt, and the result is  “Los Encargados [Those in Charge],” now on display at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. shadowy paintings in muted hues — by American material culture, such as “English Magic” provides a portrait of became a gateway to Japanese art for automobiles, model rockets and soap- Britain and explores how “consumer- patron Charles Lang Freer. His name- box cars, through March 29. “Martin Pur- ism, technology and the new monotony sake museum explicitly shows the con- year,” a number of Puryear’s experimen- of work” have altered experiences with nection, exhibiting works by American tal, mixed-media works are presented, nature, culture and history, through artist Thomas Dewing alongside Japa- through March 29. 1515 14th St. NW; 202- Aug. 31. “Gravity’s Edge,” an installa- nese pieces that Freer collected in the 234-5601, hemphillfinearts.com. tion featuring paintings, sculptures and LAST CHANCE Hillyer Art Space: other pieces on paper created between late 1890s, through May 18. “The Nile and Ancient Egypt,” high quality arti- “Nancy Agati,” the Philadelphia artist 1959 and 1978 explores the force of facts from the collections of Freer Gal- displays her work, through Sat. “Radio gravity in artistic production, through lery are showcased to illuminate the Sebastian,” the local artist shows his June 15. Seventh Street and Indepen- role and importance of water animals latest mixed-media visual art, through dence Avenue SW; 202-633-1000, for ancient Egyptian religion and after- Sat. “Rosa Spina,” the abstract painter life. “Women in Chinese Painting,” an exhibits her work, through Sat. exhibit featuring 30 works introducing 9 Hillyer Court NW; 202-338-0680, Ground,” an exhibit featuring work by goddesses, court ladies, empresses and hillyerartspace.org. painter Katherine Tzu-Lan Mann and more examines the role of women in the art world, through April 27. Jefferson Drive and 12th Street SW; 202-633-1000, asia.si.edu. LAST CHANCE Goethe-Institut: “Afrofuturism: Artists on Three Continents Explore ‘Black to the Future,’ ” Daniel Kojo Schrade from Germany, Bernard Akoi Jackson from Ghana and Adejoke Tugbiyele from the United States come together to address issues of alienation and otherness in art, Thu. and Fri. 812 Seventh St. NW; 202-289-1200, goethe.de/ins/us/was. Hemphill: “Marley Dawson,” Dawson presents a sequence of objects inspired Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden: “Barbara Kruger: Belief + Doubt,” the entire museum space — walls, floor, escalator sides — is wrapped in text on vinyl by the artist, immersing visitors in halls of voices that address conflicting perceptions of democracy, power and belief. “Black Box: Santiago Sierra and Jorge Galindo,” an exhibit featuring works by Spanish artists, through May 18. “Damage Control: Art and Destruction Since 1950,” international art that has risen since the end of World War II, through May 26. “Directions: Jeremy Deller: English Magic,” footage by Deller from the film hirshhorn.si.edu. LAST CHANCE Honfleur: “Common photographer Michael B. Platt, Thu. and Fri. 1241 Good Hope Road SE; 202-3658392, honfleurgallery.com. International Visions: “Small Works Exhibition,” more than 40 national and international artists in photography, collage, sculpture, painting, prints, mixed media and more, through March 15. 2629 Connecticut Ave. NW; 202-234-5112, inter-visions.com. Jane Haslem: “The Work of a Modern Magic Realist Painter,” artist Kathryn Freeman displays her paintings, which combine classical composition with magic realism, through March 29, 2015, Continued on page E20 UNIVERSAL PICTURES AND STUDIOCANAL PRESENT A SILVER PICTURES PRODUCTION IN ASSOCIATION WITH ANTON CAPITALENTERTAINMENT S.C.A. AND LOVEFILM A JAUMECOLLET-SERRA FILM LIAM NEESON “NON-STOP” JULIANNE MOORE SCOOTEXECUTIVE MCNAIRY MICHELLE DOCKERY NATE PARKER JASON BUTLER HARNER AND ANSONMOUNT MUSICBY JOHNOTTMAN PRODUCERS STEVERICHARDS RONHALPERN OLIVIERCOURSON HERBERTW.GAINS STORY PRODUCED JEFF WADLOW BY JOEL SILVER ANDREW RONA ALEX HEINEMAN BY JOHN W.RICHARDSON & CHRIS ROACH SCREENPLAY DIRECTED BY JOHN W.RICHARDSON & CHRIS ROACH AND RYAN ENGLE BY JAUMECOLLET-SERRA THIS FILM CONTAINS DEPICTIONS OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION AUNIVERSALRELEASE © 2013 UNIVERSAL STUDIOS LOCAL LISTINGS FOR STARTS TOMORROW CHECK THEATERS AND SHOWTIMES E20 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY –Washington Post AL ! F IN E K S WE Kathleen Turner is “AN ACTRESS OF EPIC FORCE.” KATHLEEN TURNER IN “FABULOUS … “FLAWLESS … Mother Courage rages with Arena Stage has given humor, pathos, and song.” DC a very special gift.” –MD Theatre Guide –DC Metro Theater Arts THEY HAD 13 DAYS TO ACHIEVE THE MIRACULOUS: PEACE CAMP DAVID BY LAWRENCE WRIGHT DIRECTED BY MOLLY SMITH BEGINS MARCH 21 ORDER TODAY! 202-488-3300 WWW.ARENASTAGE.ORG HALLIE FOOTE as Rosalynn Carter Jerusalem Fund: “Nabila Hilmi — A Retrospective,” paintings, drawings and collage by Hilmi explore light and shadow, form and line, through March 7. 2425 Virginia Ave. NW; 202-338-1958, thejerusalemfund.org. Koshland Science Museum: Ongoing exhibits: “Earth Lab,” provides the latest data models and decision tools to create strategies for mitigating the impacts of climate change. “Life Lab,” contains information about the science of healthy living, how the brain works, and how to plan healthy meals. 525 E St. NW; 202-334-1201, koshland-sciencemuseum.org. Mexican Cultural Institute: “Man at the Crossroads: Diego Rivera’s Mural at Rockefeller Center,” an examination of the history, creation and ultimate destruction of a controversial New York mural by the great Mexican artist, through May 17. 2829 16th St. NW; 202-728-1628, icm.sre.gob.mx/imw. Morton Fine Art: “Reveries,” features new work by Jason Sho Green and Victoria Shaheen, through March 18. 1781 Florida Ave. NW; 202-628-2787, mortonfineart.com. Mount Vernon: “Gardens and Groves,” more than 40 objects including rarelyseen items from Mount Vernon’s collection, books and letters, 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, Alexandria; 703-780-2000, mountvernon.org. National Air and Space Museum: Ongoing exhibits: Explore the evolution of flight through displays, handson exhibitions and historic aircraft and spacecraft, from the Wright Brothers’ plane to Charles Lindbergh’s Spirit of St. Louis to the Apollo 11 command module Columbia. The museum also has a planetarium and Imax theater, which for a fee shows educational films on flight and outer space. Sixth Street and Independence Avenue SW; 202-633-1000, nasm.si.edu. National Building Museum: “House and Home,” an ongoing exhibition that Circle of Life KHALED NABAWY as Anwar Sadat RICHARD THOMAS as Jimmy Carter RON RIFKIN as Menachem Begin NANCY AGATI AND HILLYER ART SPACE “MAGNIFICENTLY “####... A rollicking DIRECTED... Weekend Pass PHILADELPHIA-BASED ARTIST NANCY AGATI created “PORTICO SERIES: Volo III” as an investigation of nature’s processes and transformations. Her work is now on view at the Hillyer Art Space. T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E21 goingoutguide.com | Weekend Pass explores what it means to live at home. Building: “Civic Pride: Dutch Group scripts, jewelry and ceramics, through love for German expressionism with a apart. As well-known as his work is, how- “Overdrive: L.A. Constructs the Future, Portraits From Amsterdam,” rare Sun. “Masterpieces of American Fur- display of 123 donated works, includ- ever, there are still pictures of his that 1940-1990,” an exhibition divided into depictions by Govert Flinck and Bar- niture From the Kaufman Collection, ing drawings, lithographs, etchings and haven’t been previously shown. At the five sections details the transforma- tholomeus van der Helst of meetings 1700-1830,” one of the largest collec- more, through June 29. “Garry Wino- time of his 1984 death, he left thousands tion of Los Angeles, through March 10. inside the Kloveniersdoelen, the gather- tions of Early American furniture in pri- grand,” photographer Garry Winogrand of undeveloped negatives. Some of Ongoing exhibits: Learn about the his- ing place of one of Amsterdam’s three vate hands, acquired over the course of was one of the great mid-20th-century them will appear in this retrospective, tory of buildings and their environmen- militia companies. “Heaven and Earth: five decades by George M. and Linda H. American street photographers, chroni- among the 190 or so works selected to tal impact. 401 F St. NW; 202-272-2448, Art of Byzantium From Greek Collec- Kaufman. “Modern German Prints and cling the connections that unite us, and showcase Winogrand’s keen, sometimes nbm.org. tions,” an exhibition divided into five Drawings from the Kainen Collection,” the barriers (of sex, class, age and race, satirical, yet always compassionate eye, thematic sections includes manu- the museum celebrates Ruth Kainen’s for instance) that sometimes keep us National Gallery of Art, West Local movie times DISTRICT AMC Loews Georgetown 14 AFI Silver Theatre Cultural Center Gravity 3D (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;RealD 3D: 12:20-2:40-5:00-7:20-9:40Movie Times RoboCop (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:30-3:15-6:00-8:45 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC-Closed Captions;RealD 3D: (!) 2:30-7:35 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 2:15-5:00-8:0010:45 About Last Night (R) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:15-2:45-5:15-7:45-10:15 The Wolf of Wall Street (R) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 12:30-4:15-8:00 American Hustle (R) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 1:00-4:00 Pompeii (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:00-5:00-10:00 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;RealD 3D: (!) 2:30-7:30 Her (R) AMC INDEPENDENT;CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 12:00-6:00 Endless Love (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:30-3:00-5:30-8:0010:30 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:00-2:40-5:20-8:0010:40 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 8:00-10:45 The Lego Movie (PG) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:00-5:00 That Awkward Moment (R) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 1:00-3:20-5:40 12 Years a Slave (R) AMC INDEPENDENT;CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 3:00-9:00 RoboCop: The IMAX Experience (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation;IMAX: 1:30-4:15-7:00-9:45 Son of God (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 10:00 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:45-3:30-6:15-9:00 Jim Thorpe - All American (1951) (NR) 5:00 Damn Yankees8:45 The Flame and the Arrow (NR) 3:00 Sailor's Luck (NR) 7:05 Inside Llewyn Davis (R) 12:20-9:30 The Wolf of Wall Street (R) 3:45 Dallas Buyers Club (R) 7:10 Nebraska (R) 2:30 Philomena (PG-13) 11:05-7:40 Her (R) 9:40 12 Years a Slave (R) 1:05-5:00 3111 K Street N.W. 3426 Connecticut Avenue N.W. www.AMCTheatres.com The Monuments Men (PG-13) Digital Presentation: 3:45-7:00 AMC Mazza Gallerie 5300 Wisconsin Ave. NW www.AMCTheatres.com Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 12:10 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:05-2:50-5:40-8:30 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;RealD 3D: (!) 2:55-7:50 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:00-2:30-5:00-7:30 American Hustle (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 12:50-4:00-7:10 Dallas Buyers Club (R) AMC INDEPENDENT;CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 2:45-5:35-8:20 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:30-3:00-5:30 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 8:00-10:15 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:15-5:20 Son of God (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 10:00 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 12:20-3:10-5:50-8:35 Avalon 5612 Connecticut Avenue www.theavalon.org American Hustle (R) 10 Oscar Nominations including Best Picture and all acting categories!: 1:45-8:15 The Great Beauty (La Grande Bellezza) (NR) Academy Award Nominee - Best Foreign Language Film: 4:45 Winter's Tale (PG-13) From Oscar Winner Akiva Goldsman (A BEAUTIFUL MIND): 1:30-4:30-7:30 Landmark E Street Cinema 555 11th Street NW www.landmarktheatres.com In Secret (Therese) (R) 2:00-4:30-7:00-9:30 Gloria (R) 4:00-9:30 Dallas Buyers Club (R) 1:05-4:05-9:40 Nebraska (R) 1:10-7:10 Philomena (PG-13) 12:45-3:00-5:20-7:40-9:50 Her (R) 1:30-4:15-7:00-9:30 If You Build It (NR) 1:00-3:15-5:30-7:45-10:00 Tim's Vermeer (PG-13) 1:20-3:30-9:45 2014 Oscar Nominated Animation Shorts (NR) 1:45-7:15 2014 Oscar Nominated Live Action Shorts (NR) 4:15-9:25 West End Cinema 2301 M Street NW http://westendcinema.com/ Inside Llewyn Davis (R) Two Academy Award nominations!: 6:30 The Wolf of Wall Street (R) Five Oscars Nominations- incl. Best Picture!: 8:40 The Great Beauty (La Grande Bellezza) (NR) English Subtitles;Oscar nominee- Best Foreign Language Film!: 3:30 Omar (NR) Academy Award nominee- Best Foreign Language Film!;English Subtitles: 2:304:40-7:00-9:30 2014 Oscar Nominated Documentary Shorts Program A (NR) The Lady in Number 6 // Karama Has No Walls // Facing Fear: 5:00-9:20 2014 Oscar Nominated Documentary Shorts Program B (NR) CaveDigger // Prison Terminal: 3:00-7:20 Continued on page E22 AMC Loews Center Park 8 4001 Powder Mill Rd. www.AMCTheatres.com RoboCop (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 1:15-4:00-7:10-10:00 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: 1:00-3:45-6:45 About Last Night (R) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 2:00-4:30-7:15-9:45 Pompeii (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 4:45 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;RealD 3D: (!) 1:45-7:30 Endless Love (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 2:30-5:15 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 1:30-4:15-7:00-9:45 Non-Stop (PG-13) Digital Presentation: (!) 8:00 The Lego Movie (PG) Digital Presentation: 12:45-5:45 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions;Digital Presentation: (!) 2:15-5:00-7:45 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) RealD 3D: 3:15-8:15 Son of God (PG-13) Digital Presentation: (!) 10:00 Landmark Bethesda Row Cinema 7235 Woodmont Avenue www.landmarktheatres.com The Wind Rises (Kazetachinu) (PG-13) SUBTITLED: 1:00-7:00 In Secret (Therese) (R) 1:20-4:25-7:20-9:50 Gloria (R) 1:40 August: Osage County (R) 7:30-10:10 The Past (Le passe) (PG-13) 1:05-4:05-6:55-10:05 Nebraska (R) 4:35-7:40-10:15 Philomena (PG-13) 1:50-4:40-7:50-10:00 Her (R) 1:10-3:50-6:50-9:45 The Wind Rises (Kazetachinu) (PG-13) 4:00-9:55 12 Years a Slave (R) 1:25-4:15-7:10-10:05 National Theatre Live: National Theatre's War Horse (NR) (!) 2:00 Regal Bethesda 10 7272 Wisconsin Avenue www.regalcinemas.com Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:30-7:20 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:50-3:40-6:50 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Vide;RealD 3D: (!) 5:25 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:204:20-7:10 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:40-4:50-7:40 American Hustle (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 7:45 Pompeii (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 4:40 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive V;in RealD 3D: (!) 1:50-7:30 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:00-5:00-8:00 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions: 1:00-3:50-7:50 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:10-3:00-4:10-6:40 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:15-4:00-7:00 Frozen Sing Along (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 4:30 Regal Hyattsville Royale Stadium 14 6505 America Blvd. Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:05-3:40-6:20 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:15-3:45-4:357:25-10:35 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Vide;RealD 3D: (!) 3:35 Ride Along (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 4:00-7:30-10:10 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:55-3:50-6:35 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:50-1:40-2:203:30-4:20-5:00-6:15-7:10-7:55-9:10-9:45-10:25 Vampire Academy (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 9:30 Pompeii (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 4:15-10:05 The Nut Job (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:30 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive V;in RealD 3D: (!) 1:20-7:00 Philomena (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:25 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:00-4:507:45-10:15 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions: 1:45-4:55-7:50-10:30 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:00-1:55-4:406:50-7:40-10:20 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: (!) 8:00-10:35 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:35-4:25 Son of God (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 10:00 Repentance (R) 10:00 Regal Majestic 20 & IMAX 900 Ellsworth Drive Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:50-4:35-7:15-9:50 Gravity 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Vide;RealD 3D: (!) 10:50 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:35-3:30-4:10-6:106:55-9:05 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Vide;RealD 3D: (!) 12:453:15-6:00-8:25 Ride Along (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 11:50-2:15-5:057:40-10:05 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:303:25-6:10-9:00 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:10-1:00-1:55-2:403:20-4:15-5:10-5:50-6:45-7:35-8:35-9:15-10:00-10:55 Vampire Academy (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:15-4:25-7:05 American Hustle (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:15-3:10-6:30-9:30 Pompeii (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:20-4:20-7:00-9:35 The Nut Job (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:25-2:35-4:45 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive V;in RealD 3D: (!) 11:55-2:45-5:208:00-10:40 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:05-3:45-6:20-9:05 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions: 12:20-3:00-5:45-8:30-11:05 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: (!) 8:25-9:40-10:55 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:05-1:30-2:304:00-5:00-6:40-7:45-9:25-10:20 That Awkward Moment (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 7:25 RoboCop: The IMAX Experience (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Se;IMAX: (!) 12:00-2:50-5:40-8:20-11:00 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:20-5:25 Son of God (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 10:10 Frozen Sing Along (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:40 AMC Courthouse Plaza 8 2150 Clarendon Blvd. www.AMCTheatres.com The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation;Reserved Seating: 10:40-11:40-1:30-2:25-4:15-5:15-7:15-8:15-10:00 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation;Reserved Seating: 10:00-11:30-12:30-2:00-3:00-4:30-5:30-7:00-8:00-9:30-10:30 The Wolf of Wall Street (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation;Reserved Seating: 11:00-2:45-6:45-9:25 Lone Survivor (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation;Reserved Seating: 9:45-12:40-3:30-6:30-10:35 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) Digital Presentation;Reserved Seating: (!) 10:45-1:45-4:45-7:45-10:30 That Awkward Moment (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation;Reserved Seating: 11:30-2:15-5:00-7:30-10:00 AMC Hoffman Center 22 206 Swamp Fox Rd. www.AMCTheatres.com Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 10:45-1:30-4:15 Gravity 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;RealD 3D: 10:50-1:10-3:356:00-8:15-10:30 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 11:152:05-5:00-7:50-10:30 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;RealD 3D: 10:0512:45-3:25-6:05 Ride Along (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 12:002:40-5:15-7:45-10:20 In Secret (Therese) (R) AMC INDEPENDENT;Digital Presentation: (!) 11:15-1:55-4:35-7:15-10:00 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 11:15-2:00-4:45-7:30-10:15 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 10:10-11:10-12:50-1:50-3:30-4:30-6:10-8:50-10:15-11:30 The Pretty One (R) AMC INDEPENDENT;Digital Presentation: (!) 10:00-12:15-2:35-5:05-7:259:45 The Wolf of Wall Street (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 7:00-10:50 American Hustle (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 1:00-6:45 Lone Survivor (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 4:00-9:55 Pompeii (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 10:1512:55-3:35-6:15-8:55-11:40 The Nut Job (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 10:40AM Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;RealD 3D: (!) 11:30-2:104:50-7:30 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 10:35-1:25-4:00-6:35-9:15 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: (!) 8:00-9:15-10:45-12:01 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 11:0512:05-1:45-2:45-4:25-5:25-7:05-8:05-9:45 That Awkward Moment (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 7:35-10:05 RoboCop: The IMAX Experience (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation;IMAX: 12:40-3:40-6:30-9:20 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video;Digital Presentation: 10:30-1:20-4:05-6:50-9:40 Starting Over Again (NR) AMC INDEPENDENT;Digital Presentation: (!) 10:00-1:05-4:10-7:2010:25 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) Digital Presentation: (!) 11:25-2:15-4:55-7:40-10:30 Son of God (PG-13) Digital Presentation: (!) 10:00-12:01 Angelika Film Center Mosaic 2911 District Ave The Sting (PG) 7:00 In Secret (Therese) (R) 10:10-12:30-2:50-5:10-7:30-9:50 The Monuments Men (PG-13) 10:25-12:00-1:20-4:20-7:00-8:00-9:40-10:40 The Wolf of Wall Street (R) 10:50-3:05-10:25 American Hustle (R) 10:00-1:05-4:10-7:40-10:55 Omar (NR) 11:00-1:15-3:30-5:45-8:15-10:30 Philomena (PG-13) 10:20-12:35-2:50-5:05-7:20-9:35 Her (R) 2:30-5:15 Winter's Tale (PG-13) 11:00-1:40-4:20 Regal Ballston Common 12 671 N. Glebe Road www.regalcinemas.com Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:00-5:00 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:30-2:10-4:204:50-7:10-7:45-9:50 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Vide;RealD 3D: (!) 1:40-4:30-7:05-9:40 American Hustle (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 7:00 Pompeii (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:50-4:40-7:20-10:00 The Nut Job (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:30 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive V;in RealD 3D: (!) 1:20-4:106:50-9:30 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:10-4:35-7:30 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: (!) 8:00 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:50-2:003:40-5:10-6:30-7:50 Son of God (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 10:00 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:00-4:00-7:25 In Secret (Therese) (R) 2:40-5:20-8:00 Regal Kingstowne 16 & RPX 5910 Kingstowne Towne Center Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:55-4:25-6:55 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:00-3:40-4:506:35-7:35-9:25-10:25 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Vide;RealD 3D: (!) 12:45-3:15-6:15-8:40 Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 7:50 Ride Along (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:10-4:35-8:0510:35 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:10-4:05-6:50-9:35 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:00-1:20-2:204:10-5:05-6:45-7:45-10:15 American Hustle (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 4:40-10:20 Lone Survivor (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 9:50 Pompeii (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:40-4:20-7:00-9:40 The Nut Job (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:20 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descripti;RPX;in RealD 3D: (!) 12:00-2:405:15 Philomena (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:15 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:00-3:507:10-10:05 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions: 1:50-4:30 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Ser;RPX: (!) 8:00-10:40 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:00-1:30-2:304:00-5:00-6:30-7:30-9:00-10:00 Son of God (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 10:00 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:10-3:006:10-9:10 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: (!) 9:00 Regal Potomac Yard 16 3575 Jefferson Davis Highway www.regalcinemas.com Frozen (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 2:15-4:55-7:30 RoboCop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:30-2:20-4:105:00-7:50-10:30 The Lego Movie in 3D (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Vide;RealD 3D: (!) 4:20 Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 10:10 Ride Along (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:25-3:506:30-9:15 The Monuments Men (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:50-3:30-6:10-9:10 About Last Night (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:20-2:00-2:504:00-4:40-5:20-6:40-7:20-8:00-9:20-10:00-10:30 The Wolf of Wall Street (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:505:10-9:00 American Hustle (R) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 9:40 Pompeii (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:50-4:30-7:10-9:50 The Nut Job (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 12:50 Pompeii 3D (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive V;in RealD 3D: (!) 12:50-3:105:30-8:00-10:30 Endless Love (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:00-3:306:00-9:05 3 Days to Kill (PG-13) CC-Closed Captions: 2:10-4:50-7:40-10:30 Non-Stop (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: (!) 8:00-10:40 The Lego Movie (PG) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:00-1:403:40-6:20-7:00 Son of God (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 10:00 Winter's Tale (PG-13) CC/DVS-Closed Captions & Descriptive Video Service: 1:55-4:45-7:30 Repentance (R) 10:15 E22 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY ★★★ FREE PERFORMANCES 365 DAYS A YEAR ★★★ EVERY DAY AT 6 P.M. NO TICKETS REQUIRED *Unless noted otherwise FEBRUARY 27–MARCH 12 ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 27 THU ★ Denyse Pearson 5 WED–7 FRI ★ Betty Carter’s The jazz vocalist and D.C. native brings her distinctively smooth sound to the stage for an evening of original works. Now in its 16th year, the program presents various ensembles made up of competitively selected, emerging jazz composers as they complete their weeklong residency with a free concert. Her Gentlemen of Distinction 28 FRI ★ UpRooted Dance The company presents a variety of works by artistic director Keira HartMendoza, showcasing the many styles of this local dance company. 1 SAT ★ NSO Youth Fellows Participants in the National Symphony Orchestra training program—violinists Julia Angelov (7th grade) and Jillian Khoo (9th grade), cellist Naenah Jeon (9th grade), and horn player Gabrielle Pho (7th grade)—play a recital of chamber music. 2 SUN ★ Listen Local First D.C. presents The Walking Sticks The Silver Spring, MD–based trio blends deep roots grooves and harmony with meditative and heavily acoustic pop. Jazz Ahead This is a three-night event. IN THE TERRACE THEATER The Japan Society offers a performance by the critically acclaimed group, comprised of priests from the Shingon and Tendai sects whose mission is to showcase the beauty of shomyo, one of the oldest living forms of vocal music. This tour of Shomyo no Kai is made possible by a grant from Mid Atlantic Arts Foundation with support from the National Endowment for the Arts. 9 SUN ★ This renowned annual black history production features youth from the Southeast Tennis & Learning Center who transform from a wax replica to a live portrayal of our most notable entertainers, writers, athletes, poets, entrepreneurs, and political leaders. 10 MON ★ Duke Ellington Spirited female vocal ensemble The Mellow Tones and choir The Sophisticated Ladies perform. 11 TUE ★ Polyphony Foundation This musical performance is in line with the foundation’s mission to bridge the divide between Arab and Jewish communities in Israel by creating a common ground where young people come together around classical music. ★★★★★★★★ ALL PERFORMERS AND PROGRAMS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ★★★★★★★★ 5–6 P.M. NIGHTLY ★ GRAND FOYER BARS The Millennium Stage was created and underwritten by James A. Johnson and Maxine Isaacs to make the performing arts accessible to everyone in fulfillment of the Kennedy Center’s mission to its community and the nation. Additional funding for the Millennium Stage is provided by DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities, The Isadore and Bertha Gudelsky Family Foundation, Inc., Jaylee M. Mead†, The Meredith Foundation, The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation, Dr. Deborah Rose and Dr. Jan A.J. Stolwijk, U.S. Department of Education, and the Millennium Stage Endowment Fund. 3 MON ★ ANDY DALY School of the Arts The Brooklyn-based group is a six-piece dynamic pop explosion that features a unique mix of violin, guitar, bass, drums, electric keyboards, and vocals. DAILY FOOD AND DRINK SPECIALS. 28 FRI ★ UPROOTED DANCE Family Night: Blacks in Wax 3 MON ★ Capital One Comedy Night: Andy Daly This program contains mature themes and strong language. Under the auspices of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), this evening of original musical works is hosted by Larry Groce and features performances by Nii Akwei Adoteye and Nicky Egan. Voices of a Thousand Years This event will take place from 4:45-5:45 p.m., with a performance on the Millennium Stage at 6 p.m. The former member of The Upright Citizens Brigade and host of The Andy Daly Podcast Pilot Project offers a sneak peek at his upcoming Comedy Central series Review. LA-based comedian Brandon Wardell (SXSW) opens. Special post-show happy hour from 7–8 p.m. features a signature cocktail and a discount on selected food items. Presents: “Songwriters: The Next Generation” 8 SAT ★ Shomyo no Kai– IN THE TERRACE THEATER ® SCAN TO VIEW THE SCHEDULE Live Internet broadcast, video archive, artist information, and more at kennedy-center.org/millennium TAKE METRO to the Foggy Bottom/ GWU station and ride the free Kennedy Center shuttle departing every 15 minutes until midnight. FREE TOURS are given daily by the Friends of the Kennedy Center tour guides. Tour hours: Monday thru Friday, 10 a.m.–5 p.m., and Saturday and Sunday from 10 a.m.–1 p.m. For information, call (202) 416-8340. 12 WED ★ NICKY EGAN For more information call: (202) 467-4600 GET CONNECTED! Become a fan of Millennium Stage on Facebook and check out artist photos, upcoming events, and more! PLEASE NOTE: There is no free parking for free performances. The Kennedy Center welcomes persons with disabilities. Weekend Pass Continued from page E21 photographers, through March 31. “Por- opening Sun., through June 8. Sixth traits of Planet Ocean: The Photography Street and Constitution Avenue NW; of Brian Skerry,” an underwater jour- 202-737-4215, nga.gov. ney through different marine environ- National Museum of African Art: “Africa Re-Viewed: The Photographic Legacy of Eliot Elisofon,” in celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, an exhibition focused on the photographer’s work capturing images of African culture, through Aug. 24. 950 Independence Ave. SW; 202-633-4600, africa.si.edu. National Museum of American History: “American Stories,” a crosssection of the museum’s collection of artifacts shows how stories and history have shaped our national identity. “Camilla’s Purse,” a display of Holocaust survivor Camilla Gottlieb’s purse and its contents, which include her 1884 birth certificate, through May 4. “Changing America: The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863, and the March on Washington, 1963,” a collection of photos and artifacts commemorating two major events in American history, through Sept. 7. “Food: Transforming the American Table, 1950 to 2000,” from food production to who does the cooking to where meals are consumed to what we know about what’s good for us, this exhibit explores how new technologies and social and cultural shifts have influenced major changes in food, wine and eating in America. “Puppetry in America,” artifacts from stage and screen that cover more than 160 years of puppetry, through April 13. Michelle Obama’s Second Inaugural Gown Loan, first lady Michelle Obama’s second inaugural gown temporarily replaces her first in the First Ladies Room, through Jan. 19, 2015. 14th Street and Constitution Avenue NW; 202-633-1000, americanhistory.si.edu. National Museum of Natural History: “Beyond Bollywood: Indian Americans Shape the Nation,” through images, music, visual art and first-person narratives, this exhibit explores the influence and experience of IndianAmericans in America, through Feb. 1, 2015. “Dom Pedro,” the 14-inch obelisk is a 10,363-carat aquamarine. “Living on an Ocean Planet,” a permanent exhibit that explores the ocean space and its relationship to human life. “Nature’s Best Photography Awards,” photos of plants, animals and people by the world’s best amateur and professional ments by the award-winning photojournalist. “Unintended Journeys,” images and video by Magnum Photos examine the plight of those displaced by natural disasters and global climate change within the last decade. This exhibition explores the challenges these people and communities face, through Aug. 13. “Whales: From Bone to Book,” traces the journey of fossil bones from sea cliff to museum drawer and illustration in a science book, through May 31. 10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW; 202-6331000, mnh.si.edu. National Museum of the American Indian: “As We Grow: Traditions, Toys and Games,” a new permanent exhibition at the museum displays more than 100 objects that show how Native American children play. The toys, games and clothing in these cases come from all over North, Central and South America and represent more than 30 tribes. “Ceramica de los Ancestros: Central America’s Past Revealed,” Central American ceramics from 1000 B.C. to the present, through Feb. 1, 2015. “Making Marks: Prints From Crow’s Shadow Press,” features 18 works by seven Native American artists including Rick Bartow, Phillip John Charette and Joe Feddersen, through May 26. Fourth Street and Independence Avenue SW; 202-633-1000, nmai.si.edu. National Museum of Women in the Arts: “Circa ’75: Judy Chicago,” features selected works by Chicago in honor of her 75th birthday. Chicago’s work explores female identity and women’s cultural achievements, through April 13. “Equal Exposure: Anita Steckel’s Fight Against Censorship,” artwork, papers and photographs detail the life of Steckel, who created the Fight Censorship Group. Hours for this exhibition are Monday through Friday 10 a.m. to noon and 1 p.m. to 5 p.m., through May 9. “New York Avenue Sculpture Project: Chakaia Booker,” Booker exhibits her rubbertire-based pieces outside the museum along New York Avenue as part of a series of changing installations of contemporary works by women artists, through March 9. “Workt by Hand: Hidden Labor and Historical Quilts,” a showcase of 35 18th-to-20th-century T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E23 goingoutguide.com | Weekend Pass Homegrown Beauty NIKKI PAINTER (ARLINGTON ARTS CENTER ) Community-Sourced Art.” One of the artists in the spotlight, area-based Nikki Painter, uses man-made objects to represent the relationships between people and their feelings, as in the installation above. decorative arts collection, through April 27. 1250 New York Ave. NW; 202783-5000, nmwa.org. National Portrait Gallery: “Dancing the Dream,” an exhibit featuring choreographers, impresarios and performers such as Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Michael Jackson and Beyonce, through July 13. “Mathew Brady’s Photographs of Union Generals,” studio portraits by one of the most famous photographers of the Civil War, through May 31, 2015. “Meade Brothers: Pioneers in American Photography,” a collection of daguerreotypes from the 19th-century American photographers and brothers, through June 1. “Mr. Lincoln’s Washington: A Civil War Portfolio,” features large-format reproductions of photographs, drawings and maps that document the Civil War and its impact on Washington, through Jan. 25, 2015. “One Life: Martin Luther King Jr.,” a one-room exhibition highlighting the civil rights icon in honor of the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington. Features photos and memorabilia, through June 1. “The Network,” artist Lincoln Schatz recombines interviews with famous politicians, scholars and other notables into a single-screen video. Eighth and F streets NW; 202- Cherry Blossom Pens Fahrney’s Welcomes Spring with its 85th Anniversary Exclusive 2014 Cherry Blossom Collection THE ARLINGTON ARTS CENTER CELEBRATES LOCAL ARTISTS with its new series “CSA: Forty Years of quilts from the Brooklyn Museum’s 2014 633-1000, npg.si.edu. Newseum: “Anchorman: The Exhibit,” an exhibition dedicated to the fictional exploits of anchorman Ron Burgundy and the Channel 4 Evening News team features costumes, props and footage from the film, through Aug. 31. “Civil Rights at 50,” a three-year changing exhibit follows the civil rights movement from 1963 to 1965 with images and the front pages of newspapers and magazines from the time. “Creating Camelot: The Kennedy Photography of Jacques Lowe,” intimate shots of President John F. Kennedy’s family taken by his personal photographer, through March 16. “G-Men and Journalists,” an exhibit exploring the FBI’s effort to combat crime features photographs, newspapers and interactive displays, through Jan. 4, 2015. 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW; 888-639-7386, newseum.org. Phillips Collection: “Jean Meisel: 50-65 Horizon Line,” more than 50 small watercolors of horizon lines by D.C.based artist Meisel, through May 4. “Laib Wax Room,” German artist Wolfgang Laib originally created this fragrant, illuminated beeswax chamber for the Phillips family home. It will be the museum’s first permanent installation since the Rothko Room in 1960. “Young Artists Exhibition,” artwork by students in preschool to the eighth grade at Takoma Education Campus, through March 24. “Made in the USA: American Masters from the Phillips Collection, 1850-1970,” after a four-year world tour, the museum’s collection of American masterworks returns. The exhibit, which features more than 200 pieces and more than 120 artists, examines American art from the late-19th century to the mid-20th century, opening Sat., through Aug. 31. 1600 21st St. NW; 202387-2151, phillipscollection.org. LAST CHANCE Smithsonian Amer- ican Art Museum: “Our America: The Latino Presence in American Art,” more than 90 works of art across all media by significant Latino artists who have been active since the mid-20th century, through Sun. “Modern American Realism: The Sara Roby Foundation Collection,” 71 pieces from the Sara Roby Foundation explore realism. Featured artists include Will Barnet, Isabel Bishop, Wolf Kahn, Yasuo Kuniyoshi and others, opening Fri., through Aug. 17. Eighth and F streets NW; 202-633-1000, americanart.si.edu. Susan Calloway Fine Arts: “Ink,” local artists Christian Platt and Brian Continued on page E24 Available for a limited time in Fountain Pen, Rollerball, Pencil & Journal Fh 1317 F Street NW (one block from Metro Center) 202•628•9525 Hours: M-F 9:30-6:00, Saturday 10-5 www.FahrneysPens.com E24 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Weekend Pass Continued from page E23 Petro showcase their works of ink on paper, through March 22. 1643 Wisconsin Ave. NW; 202-965-4601, callowayart.com. LAST CHANCE The Art League Gal- lery/Art League Gallery: “Student/ Faculty Show,” faculty works will be showcased alongside hundreds of paintings, drawings, prints, stained glass works, jewelry, ceramics, pottery, fiber pieces, mosaics and sculptures created by the student body over the past year, Thu.-Sun. Art League Gallery, Studio 21, 105 N. Union St., Alexandria; 703-6831780, theartleague.org. The Old Print Gallery: “Etched,” celebrates the long legacy of printmakers who specialize in and focus on etching as a way of image making, through April 5. 1220 31st St. NW; 202-965-1818, oldprintgallery.com. LAST CHANCE Touchstone: “Game Changer by Leslie Nolan,” Nolan’s newest work captures a range of emotions and moods through a changing scale and expressive brushwork, through Sun. “Occulation by Stephen Twist,” the guest artist showcases his intimate photographs that give a glimpse into his imagination, through Sun. 901 New York Ave. NW; 202-347-2787, touchstonegallery.com. U.S. Botanic Garden: “American Botanicals: Mid-Atlantic Native Plants,” illustrations of the region’s flora, through June 15. “Orchid Symphony,” displays in the conservatory feature orchids from across the world, through April 26. 100 Maryland Ave. SW; 202225-8333, usbg.gov. ►stage POWERED BY WWW.GOINGOUTGUIDE.COM SATURDAY ONLY B-fly Entertainment: “The Nayika Project” uses hip-hop and theater to tell Indian myths. Part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, opens Sat., $16.50, $11 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993, atlasarts.org. Back to Methuselah: George Bernard Shaw’s comedy charts human life from creation onward, through March 16, $40-$50, $30-$40 seniors, $20-$25 students. Mount Vernon Place United Methodist Church, Undercroft Theatre, 900 Massachusetts Ave. NW; 202-347-9620. FRIDAY ONLY Ballet Hispanico Salsa Dance Party: Company members give a high-energy lesson in salsa, merengue and bachata, opens Fri. BlackRock Center for the Arts, 12901 Town Commons Drive, Germantown, Md.; 301-528-2260, blackrockcenter.org. Beaches: Don’t forget your tissues: Signature Theatre’s Eric Schaeffer directs the musical version of the famously tearjerking film about two women, Cee Cee and Bertie, who together endure the ups and downs that 30 years of friendship can present, through March 30, $40-$94. Signature Theatre, 4200 Campbell Ave., Arlington; 703-820-9771, signature-theatre.org. SATURDAY ONLY Cashore Marionettes: Opens Sat., $14.00. BlackRock Center for the Arts, 12901 Town Commons Drive, Germantown, Md.; 301-5282260, blackrockcenter.org. Come Back to the 5 & Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean: It’s 1975, the 20th anniversary of James Dean’s death, and a group of Dean’s followers gather to commemorate the event, through March 15, $17, $14 students and seniors, $12 children. Greenbelt Arts Center, 123 Centerway, Greenbelt, Md.; 301-441-8770, greenbeltartscenter.org . FRIDAY ONLY Creatures and Cosmos: Deviated Theatre performs as part of the Atlas Intersections festival, opens Fri., $26.50, $18.50 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993, atlasarts.org. LAST CHANCE Dance Dimensions: Young dancers perform as part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, through Sat., $16.50, $12 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993, atlasarts.org. SATURDAY ONLY Dance Performance Group: Dancers ages 22 to 94 perform together as part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, opens Sat., $16.50, $12 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, Lab Theatre II, 1333 H St. NE; 202399-7993. SATURDAY ONLY DancEthos & alight dance theater: The companies perform works by six choreographers, opens Sat., $25, $20 seniors, $17 students. Arena Stage, 1101 Sixth St. SW; 202-488-3300, arenastage.org. LAST CHANCE Dissonance Dance Theatre: The show sets ballet and contemporary dance to jazz music as part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, Sat. T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E25 goingoutguide.com | Weekend Pass St. Patrick’s Parade of Washington, D.C. March 16, 2014 In the Beginning … 12 Noon - 2pm Constitution Ave from 7th to 17th Sponsored By Spon www.dcstpatsparade.com C. STANLEY PHOTOGRAPHY Grandstand Tickets Now On Sale WASHINGTON STAGE GUILD TAKES ON GEORGE BERNARD SHAW in its latest production “Back to Methuselah.” The satire about the human life span stars, from left, Brit Herring, Lynn Steinmetz and Conrad Feininger. Tribes BY NINA RAINE DIRECTED BY DAVID MUSE “ONE OF THE BEST SHOWS WASHINGTON WILL SEE IN 2014.” —Washingtonian FINAL EXTENSION! MUST CLOSE MARCH 16 opens Sun., $39.50-$64.50. Warner tute, Viola Swamp, through March 9, Theatre, 13th and E streets NW; 202- 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993, $19. Glen Echo Park, Adventure Theatre 783-4000, warnertheatredc.com. MTC, 7300 MacArthur Blvd., Glen Echo, SATURDAY ONLY Rosencrantz and Md.; 301-634-2270, adventuretheatre- Guildenstern Are Dead: The Acting Company stages Tom Stoppard’s play about two minor characters in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet,” opens Sat., $22-$44. George Mason University, Center for the Arts Concert Hall, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax; 703-993-8888, cfa.gmu.edu. Rumpelstiltskin: A fairy offers to teach a girl how to spin straw into gold for a steep price, through March 16, $10-$35. Imagination Stage, 4908 Auburn Ave., Bethesda; 301-280-1660, imaginationstage.org. LAST CHANCE Seminar: The comedy follows a group of aspiring writers whose class doesn’t go as expected, through Sun., $35-$50, $25-$40 students and seniors. Round House Theatre, 4545 East West Highway, Bethesda; 240-6441100, roundhousetheatre.org. Shear Madness: The audience plays armchair detective in the comedy, $50. Kennedy Center, Theater Lab, 2700 F St. NW; 800-444-1324, kennedy-center.org. Slam Theatre 3.0: The sketch show takes on urban living as part of Atlas’ Intersection festival, Fri. through March 8, $22, $16.50 students and Ella Fitzgerald, First Lady of Song: The legendary singer, her manager and her cousin tell the story of her rise, through March 16, $55-$60. MetroStage, 1201 N. Royal St., Alexandria; 800-4948497, metrostage.org. LAST CHANCE How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying: The musical follows a man as he ascends his company’s corporate ladder, through Sun., $31-$63.50. Olney Theatre Center, 2001 Olney-Sandy Spring Road, Olney, Md.; 301-924-3400, olneytheatre.org. I And You: A sick girl and a mysterious boy bond over Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself,” through March 23, $38.50$63.50. Olney Theatre Center, 2001 Olney-Sandy Spring Road, Olney, Md.; 301-924-3400, olneytheatre.org. SUNDAY ONLY Jane Franklin Dance: Percussionist Tom Teasley joins the group for “Blue Moon/Red River” as part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, opens Sun., $22, $16.50 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, Lab Theatre II, 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993. Miss Nelson Is Missing: When Miss Nelson disappears, her misbehaving mtc.org. Mother Courage and Her Children: Kathleen Turner of “Red Hot Patriot: The Kick-Ass Wit of Molly Ivins” returns to star in Artistic Director Molly Smith’s take on the antiwar story, through March 9, $50-$99. Arena Stage, 1101 Sixth St. SW; 202-488-3300, arenastage.org. Picasso at the Lapin Agile: The comedy imagines what would happen if Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso had met in a cafe before they were famous, through March 9, $15, $12 seniors and students. Laurel Mill Playhouse, 508 Main St., Laurel, Md.; 301-617-9906, laurelmillplayhouse.org. Pluto: A mother and her son reconnect as unusual events begin occurring around them. Presented by Forum Theatre, through March 15, $10-$20. Round House Theatre, 8641 Colesville Road, Silver Spring; 240-644-1100, roundhousetheatre.org. SUNDAY ONLY Rock of Ages: It’s 1987 Los Angeles, and two wannabe stars find love, lose it and reconnect again to a soundtrack of classic rock music, Continued on page E26 “TURBULENT, ABSORBING… WISDOMPACKED…” —The Washington Post “Absolutely terrific. A wonderful play and wonderfully performed.” Helen Cespedes, James Caverly. Photo: Teddy Wolff. class is subjected to a strict substi- seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, —WETA, Around Town “AN IMPECCABLE PRODUCTION...” —DC Theatre Scene Purchase a 3-Play Package and save up to 50%! Call for details. XX0165 2x1.5 through Sun., $33, $22 students and studiotheatre.org 202.332.3300 1501 14th St NW It’s your WeekendPass Every Thursday in Express E26 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY Weekend Pass Smithsonian American Art Museum Continued from page E25 drama by Tracy Letts, through March Center, 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993, 15, $20, $18 seniors and students. Silver atlasarts.org. LAST CHANCE Souvenir: A Fantasia Final weekend, closes March 2 | FREE! FILM: Rubén Salazar: Man in the Middle Thursday, February 27, 2014 6:30–7:30 p.m. A PBS documentary premiere on the journalist and Civil Rights leader killed during a riot. Discussion with filmmaker Phillip Rodriguez follows. Our America: The Latino Presence in American Art is organized by the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Generous support for the exhibition has been provided by Altria Group, the Honorable Aida M. Alvarez, Judah Best, The James F. Dicke Family Endowment, Sheila Duignan and Mike Wilkins, Tania and Tom Evans, Friends of the National Museum of the American Latino, The Michael A. and the Honorable Marilyn Logsdon Mennello Endowment, Henry R. Muñoz III, Wells Fargo, and Zions Bank. Additional significant support was provided by The Latino Initiatives Pool, administered by the Smithsonian Latino Center. Support for Treasures to Go, the Museum’s traveling exhibition program, comes from The C.F. Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia. his young employee in this comedy- seniors. Atlas Performing Arts on the Life of Florence Foster Jenkins: An heiress with more money than talent becomes a singer, through Sun., $27, $22 seniors, $15 students. 1st Stage, 1524 Spring Hill Road, McLean, Va.; 703-854-1856, 1ststagetysons.org. LAST CHANCE Spring Awakening: The rock musical follows the exploits of young people in love, through Sun., $10, $8 seniors and students. Montgomery College, Robert E. Parilla Performing Arts Center, 51 Mannakee St., Rockville; 240-567-5301, montgomerycollege.edu/pac. Such a Life You’ve Given Me ... and It’s Not Enough: Teatro de La Luna’s winter production features three women discussing their pursuit of balance as mothers and individuals, through March 9, $15-$40. Gunston Arts Center Theater II, 2700 S. Lang St., Arlington; 703-998-4555. LAST CHANCE Sunjata Kamalenya: A theatrical retelling of the story of Sunjata Keita, a young boy who through personal struggle, love and community, went on to become the founder of the Mali Empire, opens Fri. through Sat., $10. Publick Playhouse, 5445 Landover Road, Cheverly, Md.; 301-277-1710, arts.pgparks.com. Superior Donuts: An unlikely friendship forms between a shop owner and Road, Silver Spring; 301-593-6036, ssstage.org. LAST CHANCE Taurus Broadhurst Dance: The group performs contemporary African dance as part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, opens Fri. through Sun., $27.50, $16.50 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993, atlasarts.org. The Cole Porter Project: It’s All Right With Me: The In Series celebrates the works of Porter, through March 9, $38, $35 seniors, $20 students. Source, 1835 14th St. NW; 202-204-7800, sourcedc.org. The Commedia Princess and the Pea: A theater troupe attempts to stage the story of a sensitive princess, through March 15, $13.50. Maryland Ensemble Theatre, 31 W. Patrick St., Frederick, Md.; 301-694-4744, marylandensemble.org. The Dresser: It’s World War II, and a theatrical troupe travels Britain performing “King Lear” until its star forgets his lines during his 227th show, through March 23, $32-$60. Everyman Theatre, 315 W. Fayette St., Baltimore; 410-7522208, everymantheatre.org. The Importance of Being Earnest: Two wealthy Englishmen make up tales to entertain themselves in Oscar Wilde’s comedy, through March 16, $20-$110. A Not-So-Sweet Sound Smithsonian American Art Museum Image credit: Freddy Rodríguez, Danza de Carnaval, 1974, acrylic, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Museum purchase through the Luisita L. and Franz H. Denghausen Endowment, ©1974, Freddy Rodríguez TERESA CASTRACANE 8th and G Streets | NW Washington DC Gallery Place Metro | 11:30 a.m.–7 p.m. daily AmericanArt.si.edu/ouramerica 202-633-1000 LEE MIKESKA GARDNER STARS as the real-life heiress and hilariously bad opera singer whose Carnegie Hall performance has become legendary in “Souvenir: A Fantasia on the life of Florence Foster Jenkins” at 1st Stage. T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | E27 goingoutguide.com | Weekend Pass Straight From the Page Cocktails serve as a truth serum in Millennium Stage, 2700 F St. NW; 202- Edward Albee’s play about a dinner gone shakespearetheatre.org. 467-4600, kennedy-center.org. awry, through March 9, $16.50-$25.50, The Young Lady from Tacna: A writer imagines the romance between his aunt and a Chilean captain, through March 9, $38-$42, $26 seniors, $20 students. GALA Hispanic Theatre, 3333 14th St. NW; 202-234-7174, galatheatre.org. Tribes: A boy who was born deaf and forced to conform to a hearing world gets another perspective when he meets a girl who is losing her hearing, through March 16, $39-$75. Studio Theatre, 1501 14th St. NW; 202-332-3300, studiotheatre.org. SATURDAY ONLY Uno, Dos, Tres con Andres Salguero: Opens Sat., free. National Theatre, 1321 Pennsylvania Ave. NW; 202-628-6161, thenationaldc.com. FRIDAY ONLY UpRooted Dance: The local contemporary dance group per- DANISHA CROSBY forms, opens Fri., free. Kennedy Center, NW; 202-547-1122, 877-487-8849, Lansburgh Theatre, 450 Seventh St. THE DARK SIDE OF WRITING is the subject of “Seminar” at Round House Theatre. The play stars Marty Lodge, left, as a famous novelist and Katie deBuys, who signs up for his private lessons, eager to learn from his wisdom. We Are Proud To Present A Presentation About the Herero Of Namibia, Formerly Known As South West Africa, From the German Sudwestafrika, Between the Years 1884-1915: The title of Jackie Sibblies Drury’s play may be difficult to remember, but critics found the production hard to forget when it played at New York’s Soho Rep in 2012. The play, which gets its area debut at Woolly Mammoth, examines latent prejudices through the story of six actors as they struggle to rehearse a play about an incident of genocide, through March 9, $20-$72.50. Woolly Mammoth Theatre, 641 D St. NW; 202393-3939, woollymammoth.net. Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf: $16.50-$21.50 students and seniors. Maryland Ensemble Theatre, 31 W. Patrick St., Frederick, Md.; 301-694-4744, marylandensemble.org. SUNDAY ONLY Xuejuan Dance Ensem- ble: The group performs “Two-Way Mirror” as part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, opens Sun., $22, $16.50 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, Lang Theatre, 1333 H St. NE; 202399-7993, atlasarts.org. SATURDAY ONLY Yasmeen: The story of a goddess is told through South Indian poetry and Arabic music as part of Atlas’ Intersections festival, opens Sat., $16.50, $13.50 students and seniors. Atlas Performing Arts Center, 1333 H St. NE; 202-399-7993, atlasarts.org. Inside Media: Washington Nationals Preview March 8, 2:30 p.m. Local broadcasting legend Johnny Holliday, who hosts the Washington Nationals pregame and postgame shows on the MASN Network, previews the 2014 baseball season and shares stories from his long career in sports broadcasting. Opening Day is right around the corner! ALSO IN MARCH Inside Media: Oscar Preview March 1, 1 p.m. and 2:30 p.m. Washington Post movie critic Ann Hornaday previews the 86th annual Academy Awards and discusses some of the biggest hits — and misses — of the year. Inside Media: Uncovering Police Corruption Inside Media: Louis W. Sullivan on ‘Breaking Ground’ March 29, 2:30 p.m. March 30, 2:30 p.m. Pulitzer Prize-winning reporters Wendy Ruderman and Barbara Laker talk about their new book, “Busted: A Tale of Corruption and Betrayal in the City of Brotherly Love.” A book signing will follow the program. Former Health and Human Services Secretary Louis W. Sullivan talks about his new memoir, “Breaking Ground: My Life in Medicine,” which recounts his life from his childhood in Jim Crow south Georgia through his extraordinary career. Want free admission to the Newseum and priority seating at Newseum programs? Press Pass annual members enjoy these benefits and many more, including exclusive invitations to members-only events. Join today at newseum.org/membership. Unless otherwise noted, programs are open to the public and included with paid Newseum admission or a Press Pass membership. Seating is limited and is on a space-available basis. NEWSEUM Courtesy Mike Morgan *minimum purchase required, see store for details 1 Furniture Brand In the world Offering the largest Selection of Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bedrooms, Reclining Furniture & Best Selling Mattress brands in the US! Ask About Our NEXT DAY DELIVERY!* EXCLUSIVE OFFER! PRESENT THIS AD FOR FREE DELIVERY! Offer only applies at listed locations. Restrictions apply. See storep for complete details. Offer expires 3/3/2014. NOW OPEN! p Woodbridge, VA 14270 Smoketown Road Fredericksburg, VA 1845 Carl D. Silver Parkway 703.492.5861 Sterling, VA 45633 Dulles Eastern Plaza Manassas, VA 7378 Stream Walk Ln 571.323.9024 Winchester, VA 150 Delco Plaza 540.504.7690 twitter@AshleyFurnNVA AshleyFurniturehomestoreNVA Mon–Sat: 10am–9pm | Sun: 11am–7pm visit us online @ AshleyFurnitureHomeStore.com T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 17 Sports O’s Newbie Schooled by Buck Nationals right-handed prospect Lucas Giolito is 6-foot-6 and 255 pounds. Prospect Flashes ‘Electric’ Potential Giolito’s post-surgery pitching impresses Nats hitting coach Nationals Nationals hitting coach Rick Schu likes to tell a story about 19-year-old right-handed fireballer Lucas Giolito. Early last July, before he was promoted to his current job, Schu was a roving hitting coordinator in the organization’s farm system. And one day, he was watching game video of the Nationals’ Gulf Coast League affiliate from July 3, which also happened to be Giolito’s first game back from Tommy John surgery only 11 months earlier. Schu saw Giolito’s fastball — “electric,” he called it — behave almost like a sinker, dropping low in the strike zone, late and hard. In the pitch-tracking device, the pitch was labeled a four-seam fastball, normally a flatter pitch, but Schu was convinced it was a two-seam fastball. Schu even called coaches to double $1M check. No, it was a four-seamer, he was told, and it actually moves that much. The Nationals’ top prospect, and among the top 100 in baseball according to most lists, was hitting the high 90s on the radar gun. Seven months later, stronger and further removed from surgery, Giolito looks every bit the part of an elite pitching prospect. He looks like a small NBA power forward at 6-foot-6, 255 pounds, sports big hands that help him spin the baseball, is still maturing physically and touched 100 late in the season. “He is a can’t-miss,” Schu said. “Only come around once in a while.” Giolito’s potential major league arrival date, with an accelerated development program, could be in two years. He is likely to begin this minor league season at Class A Hagerstown. His workload will be limited this season, given his history. And perhaps, the following year, at 21, Giolito could be a contender for a September callup if he develops as most expect. JAMES WAGNER ( THE WASHINGTON POST ) The amount of a one-year contract agreed to by outfielder Mike Trout and the Los Angeles Angels on Wednesday, a prelude to a long-term deal between the young All-Star and the team. The salary is the highest in a one-year contract for a player not eligible for arbitration who wasn’t coming to the major leagues from Japan or Cuba, topping Ryan Howard’s $900,000 salary with Philadelphia in 2007. (AP) Josh Hart needed a history lesson at spring training. The outfielder, selected 37th overall in last June’s amateur draft, was visiting Baltimore’s major league spring training camp on Monday when manager Buck Showalter introduced him to Hall of Famer Frank Robinson. Showalter asked Hart if he knew who Robinson was. The 19-year-old did not. Showalter has embraced Orioles history in his time as the team’s manager and wanted to teach Hart a lesson. “I said, ‘OK, I want tomorrow by this time I want a page on Frank Robinson,’ ” Showalter explained. “I PATRICK SEMANSKY (AP) JOHN McDONNELL (THE WASHINGTON POST) Baseball Josh Hart was selected 37th by the Orioles in last June’s amateur draft. said, ‘You go home, you research it and you come back tomorrow and have it on my desk.’ ” A few hours before the Tuesday deadline, Showalter was asked whether Hart had completed the assignment. He emphasized Hart had to bring the paper to him and couldn’t email it. Hart quickly complied with Showalter’s request. “I wasn’t nervous at all, but I knew he was serious,” Hart told MASNsports.com. Robinson’s number 20 was retired by the Orioles after he led the team to four World Series, and he won the Triple Crown in 1966 when he was voted AL MVP. He became the major leagues’ first black manager with Cleveland in 1975 and later returned to Baltimore as a coach, manager and executive. Hart learned that and a lot more about Robinson in his project. (AP) Isn’t It Time To Finish Your Degree? • Evening, Online, and Accelerated Bachelor’s Degrees for Adult Learners • Management, IT, Interdisciplinary Studies, Social Science, or Social Work Ask about our Accelerated Bachelor’s to Master’s Program Open House: Thursday, March 6, 5:30 –7 p.m. Location: Edward J.Pryzbyla University Center (Brookland-CUA Metrorail stop) R.s.v.p.: Metropolitan@cua.edu or call 202-319-5256 Web: http://metro.cua.edu To request accommodations for a disability, please contact us at the phone number listed above prior to the event. The Catholic University of America admits students of any race, color, national or ethnic origin, sex, age, or disability. 18 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY “We’ve got a plan that works for us—and our employees.” —VIRGINIA AND NIZAM, BEN’S CHILI BOWL Find affordable health coverage for your small business through DC Health Link. Compare plans side by side from private insurance companies competing for your business. Find your plan today. DCHealthLink.com or call 855-532-LINK T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 19 Sports Tight Races for Conference Titles The Big 12 regular season has ended up as it always seems to: with Kansas on top. With their win over Oklahoma on Monday, the fifth-ranked Jayhawks wrapped up at least a share of their 10th straight Big 12 championship. Most of the conference races haven’t been decided, though. Here are four that figure to be interesting in the final two weeks of the regular season. JOHN MARSHALL (AP) Big East AAC Conference USA Doug McDermott, right, and No. 9 Creighton is in control, thanks to a pair of lopsided wins over No. 8 Villanova. There’s still some wiggle room for the Wildcats, though. They entered Wednesday’s game vs. Butler a half-game back of the Bluejays at 12-2 and play two of their final three games at home. Creighton plays two of its final three games on the road, against Xavier and Georgetown. Syracuse appeared to be headed toward a runaway after winning its first 25 games. Things changed quickly when the Orange lost two games last week. Now, No. 12 Virginia is atop the conference with three games left. The Cavaliers entered Wednesday’s game vs. Miami at 14-1 in the ACC, a game ahead of Syracuse. The Orange have a chance to gain ground Saturday, when they play at Virginia. No. 11 Cincinnati opened conference play 13-1, but the Bearcats’ 58-57 loss to No. 7 Louisville on Saturday made things a bit more interesting in the American Athletic Conference. Cincinnati, which has three games left, has a half-game lead over Louisville, which still has four left, starting with today’s game against Temple. SMU is two games back at 11-4 and Memphis still has an outside shot at 10-4. This one could be fun during the closing stretch. Middle Tennessee has won nine straight games and leads at 11-2, but Southern Miss, Louisiana Tech, UTEP and Tulsa are all lurking right behind at 10-3 with three games left. Today’s game between Middle Tennessee and Louisiana Tech could open things up a bit but could also make the race even more convoluted. Stay tuned. Speaker Series Global Policing in a Changing World International Police Cooperation related to Cyber Crime, Organized Crime and Counter-Terrorism International police and judiciary cooperation is a key strategy employed by law enforcement agencies to combat transnational crimes. Is this approach working? Join us on March 6th, 2014 to hear the perspectives of senior foreign police liaison officers on the effectiveness of this approach and the challenges to this strategy. Marymount University Arlington, Virginia OPEN HOUSE Programs Preview and Career Preparation Saturday, March 1 • 10 a.m. Main Campus, 2807 N Glebe Rd., Arlington, VA Marymount’s career-advancing graduate options include SPEAKERS: Maggie Titmuss, English Organized Crime Liaison Officer to the U.S. She has served with HM Customs and Excise (HMCE), the National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) and the Serious Organized Crime Agency (SOCA). THURSDAY, MARCH 6 11:30 AM–1:30 PM Marvin Center, Room 402 800 21st St NW Washington, DC 20052 Adrian Morton, Australian Federal Police (AFP) CounterTerrorism Liaison Officer to the U.S. To RSVP please visit cps.gwu.edu/security-leadership Parking is available in the building Metro: Foggy Bottom–GWU Sponsored by GW’s Master of Professional Studies in Security and Safety Leadership program, and the Bachelor of Professional Studies in Police and Security Studies program. The George Washington University is an equal opportunity/ affirmative action institution certified to operate in Va by SCHEV. 39238 RSVP: (703) 284-5902 or www.MarymountOpenHouse.com/WP www.marymount.edu Need some more personal space? digs The third Wednesday of each month in Express. XX0469 3x1 Patrick Byrne, Head of the Europol Delegation in the United States and the Chairperson of the International Law Enforcement Association. 20 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY MA IN MEDIA ENTREPRENEURSHIP • Designed for working professionals • 30-credit, part-time program • Learn from industry leaders The MA in media entrepreneurship provides the skills for innovation in a new media landscape. Early to midcareer professionals take revolutionary concepts for news and information to the next level by launching a start up or growing their current organization. INFORMATION SESSION Tuesday, March 4, 6:30 pm RSVP at american.edu/soc/mame NED DISHMAN (NBAE VIA GETTY IMAGES) Sports Wizards point guard John Wall, center, is fourth in the NBA in assists this season — averaging 8.6 per game. Wizards Learn to Share Washington’s second in assist-to-turnover ratio during February Wizards John Wall pushed the ball up the floor and Orlando Magic guard Victor Oladipo slid over to cut off his path to the basket. Wall whirled the ball behind his back, left to right, to coerce Oladipo and Tobias Harris into leaving their feet as he got to the rim. With the defense committed to him, Wall whipped the ball over to a wide-open Trevor Booker, who buried a jumper to give the Wizards a 17-point lead in the third quarter of their 115-106 win over the Magic on Tuesday. After such a sweet pass, Booker said he knew he couldn’t let down Wall by shooting a brick. Wall concurred. 7 P.M. Today | CSN+ “I know he had to hit that J,” Wall said, loud enough for Booker to hear him on the other side of the locker room. Wall started chuckling and Booker laughed as well. The mood is generally upbeat after wins, but even better when players are more engaged. And in their first game since Nene sprained a ligament in his left knee, the Wizards won with a formula that they will have to maintain if they want to have any success in his absence. They had four 20-point scorers for the first time in nearly four years and had 24 assists to just 12 turnovers. “We all were feeling it,” Bradley Beal said after scoring 21 points. “We did a great job of just moving the ball together. We were making shots. We were having fun out there.” Through the month of February, the Wizards have done their best to focus on ball movement and management, resulting in the second winning month of the season — no matter what happens when the team travels to Toronto today. “We’ve really solidified this month,” coach Randy Wittman said. The Wizards (29-28) have won four straight games and have the league’s second-best assist-to-turnover ratio this month – 1.98-to-1 — trailing only the Charlotte Bobcats. “Just shows how we can play when we move the ball and we share and you’ve got different guys you’ve got to worry about,” Wall said. “Just pace and playing as a team. Everybody is getting touches and getting shots.” MICHAEL LEE (THE WASHINGTON POST ) Veteran Addition: Drew Gooden has signed a 10-day contract with the Wizards. The veteran forward joined Washington at Wednesday’s practice and will be available for today’s game against the Toronto Raptors. The Wizards were in need of frontcourt depth after losing forward Nene to a sprained left MCL. Nene is expected to be sidelined about six weeks. Gooden hasn’t played since he was designated as an amnesty player by the Milwaukee Bucks last summer. 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Local Job Training & Placement Assistance Available. 1-800-416-8377 Newspaper Carriers PHARMACY TECH Trainees Needed Now Pharmacies now hiring. No experience? Job Training & Placement Assistance Available 1-877-240-4524 in DC, MD and VA areas. Great part-time income opportunity! Transportation required. LICENSED HOME HEALTH AIDES To apply, call 202-334-6100 (Please press “0” once connected.) COME JOIN A COMPANY THAT CARES! APPLY IN PERSON at 1010 Wisconsin Ave., #300 Washington, DC 20007 10 a.m - 2 p.m, Monday - Friday Get Local Training can get you trained & ready for Certification! NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED! Day & Evening Training! Call CTI for details! A weekly section about how to look and feel and be your best. Call 202-955-8355 XX174 1x1 XX740 1x.25 CAREER TRAINING VETERANS NEEDED Use your GI Benefits NOW for training in Healthcare. JOB PLACEMENT ASSISTANCE Offered. Call Now 1-888-395-8261 LEARN TO DRAW BLOOD For consumer information please visit www.careertechnical.edu\disclosure JOBS Shenandoah University Eleanor Wade Custer School of Nursing ASSISTANT DEAN SCHOOL OF NURSING AT THE NORTHERN VIRGINIA CAMPUS Leesburg, VA Medical Assistant training at CTI! 1-888-743-4320 For consumer information please visit www.careertechnical.edu\disclosure Why Be Ordinary When You Can beextraordinary PC SPECIALIST Call TLC! (202) 223-3500 Classes Start February 27! ENROLL TODAY! Find your passion for healthcare Call Now MEDICAL OFFICE ASSISTANT Call TLC! (202) 223-3500 Classes Start February 27! Falls Church • Silver Spring • Washington, D.C. ENROLL TODAY! SCHEV has certified Medtech, located at 6565 Arlington Blvd., Suite 100, Falls Church, VA 22042, to operate in Virginia. For useful consumer information, please visit us at www.medtech.edu/consumerinfo. DISCOVER YOUR GREATNESS MEDICAL OFFICE TRAINING PROGRAM NOW IN DC! Get the skills you need to begin a career in: The Washington Post NOW HIRING SECURITY OFFICERS 30 IMMEDIATE OPENINGS. BONUS FOR EXP. DC SECURITY OFFICERS. CALL FOR DETAILS. Downtown D.C. All shifts. Weekly pay, no exp necessary. Dress professionally Apply M-F, 9a-3p, CES Security, 8555 16th St, Ste 100, Silver Spring, MD. or Call 301-608-8264 CAREER TRAINING needed to deliver Drivers-57 CDL Trainees needed now. FT/PT. No CDL? No problem. Training avail. Start at $45k+. Call now 1-800-251-3946 Network Engineer Computer Packages Inc., a computer software company & leader in Intellectual Property Management for 45 years, is seeking a network engineer for the administration & maintenance of CPI's hosted environment in Maryland. At least 5yrs experience managing networks & configuring components therein. Exp w/ complex troubleshooting, Cisco IOS, firewalls, security procedures, & disaster recovery required. Salary commensurate with experience. Excellent benefits. Resume only to: cpijobs@computerpackages.com CAREER TRAINING MEDICAL BILLING MEDICAL OFFICE/ RECEPTION ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS Hands-on training at CTI can get you job ready! NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED! JOIN THE EXPANDING MEDICAL FIELD Financial Aid (For those who qualify) Training can be completed Mornings, Afternoons or Evenings! 1-888-567-7685 For consumer information please visit www.careertechnical.edu\disclosure BOOKKEEPER TRAINING Registered Nurse (RN) Practical Nurse (PN) Nurse Aide (NA) CALL NOW FOR A CAREER INFORMATION SESSION 866-440-3535 Hands on training at CTI! SERVING THE DC, MD & VA AREA 1-877-649-9614 Schev Certified, ACICS Accredited, PN ACEN Accredited For consumer information please visit www.careertechnical.edu\disclosure ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT TRAINING AVAILABLE! Hands on training can get you trained & ready to start work! NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED! Get Microsoft certified! HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY TRAINING PROGRAM! CTI can prepare you for an exciting career working in Hotels, Cruise Ships, Resorts & Tourism! Career opportunities include RESERVATIONS • FRONT DESK GUEST RELATIONS Hands on training includes onsite Externship! NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED! Training can be completed Morning, Afternoon or Evenings! For consumer information please visit www.careertechnical.edu\disclosure For consumer information please visit www.careertechnical.edu\disclosure 1-888-516-5315 1-888-589-9684 VETERANS Your GI Benefits can now be used for Career Training in Computers & Healthcare at CTI. Call to see if you qualify. 1-888-734-6715 For consumer information please visit www.careertechnical.edu\disclosure DENTAL ASSISTANT Trainees Needed Now! Dental Offices now hiring. No experience? Job Training & Placement Assistance Available. 1-800-678-6350 Radians College The Shenandoah University Eleanor Wade Custer School of Nursing is pleased to invite applications for the position of Assistant Dean for the School of Nursing at the Northern Virginia Campus in Leesburg, VA. This position has the primary responsibility for facilitating day-to-day operations of the nursing program consistent with the overall strategic plan and objectives of the School of Nursing and the University. Through collaboration with faculty and the School of Nursing administration, the Assistant Dean will implement, and evaluate academic and student programs and ensure the daily operation of these programs delivered at the Northern Virginia Campus. Qualifications for this position include a Master of Science in Nursing and Doctorate in Nursing or related field required, and experience with development, implementation, and evaluation of curriculum and student programs in nursing, especially the second-degree accelerated track. Nursing education administration or leadership experience preferred along with dynamic, creative, innovative perspectives. A minimum of five years teaching experience on the graduate and/or undergraduate level is desired. Strong skills in written, oral and interpersonal communication, group process, conflict resolution, and caring behaviors are essential. This position will begin August 2014. For more information and to apply, visit our website at www.su.edu/careers. Shenandoah University does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, national or ethnic origin, age, physical or mental disability or sexual orientation. Can Prepare You to Enter the Growing Field of Nursing Devoted to nursing DEVOTED TO YOU We offer training to become a Practical or Registered Nurse Ask about our evening classes Make a difference in: • Hospitals • Nursing homes • Urgent care facilities • Physicians’ offices Now approved for federal financial aid for those who qualify. 1025 Vermont Avenue NW Suite 200 Washington, D.C. 20005 Call now 1-888-445-6223 or visit us online radianscollege.edu 22 | E x p r e s s | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T h u r s d ay CAREER TRAINING DC RENTALS GET THE MEDICAL SKILLS EMPLOYERS WANT Registered & Practical Nurse Training CAPITOL HILL- Furn room, W/D, cable TV, net, nr metro, NS. Utils Incl. Starting at $750 Female pref. 240-401-8722 GLOBAL HEALTH COLLEGE SCHEV certified, ACICS accredited, PN ACEN accredited BECOME A NURSE AIDE IN JUST 6 WEEKS 866-440-3535 Don't let the snow stop you GLOBAL HEALTH COLLEGE MED BILL & CODING Trainees Needed Now Waived fee's to Pre-lease 1, 2 and 3 bedrooms 1-866-294-0466 Medical Offices now hiring. No experience? Job Training & Placement Assistance Available. In 10 Weeks NURSE ASSISTANT Med Tech/CPR 19 Days CNA to GNA 240-770-8251 OR 301-333-6254 Financial aid* Quality First Career Center Classes start soon • PHLEBOTOMY-10 WK • CNA 4 WK • CNA to GNA - 72 HOURS • CPR & FIRST AID for each adult 18yrs and older. Please call for more details. 3551 Jay Street NE, Washington DC 20019 Hours Operation M-F 9am-4pm Saturday 10am-2pm 202-388-0274 ONE & TWO BEDROOMS STARTING AT $1049 Day/Eves & Weekend Classes 6475 New Hampshire Ave., #501 Hyattsville, MD 20783 CALL 301-270-5105 Job Placement Assis/Financial Assis Avail. Out of State Endorsement www.qfccinc.com BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES ALL Utilities Included With NO APPLICATION FEE and $99.00 Security Deposit.* For Qualified Applicants • All New Kitchens w/Ice-Maker • Metrobus at your Door • All New Bathrooms • Free Off-Street Parking • All New Wall-to-Wall Carpeting • All New Lobby & Hallways • Controlled Access Entry • Abundant Closet Space FOR HIGH RISE CITY LIVING 202.397.2300 4651 Nannie Helen Burroughs Ave, NE, Washington, DC 20019 Professionally Managed by CIH Properties, Inc. *Must show this ad BAD/NEGATIVE CREDIT Removed from Credit Report. Guaranteed or your money back. 202-775-6932 SERVICE SOLUTIONS REDUCE YOUR CABLE BILL! Get an All-Digital Satellite system installed for FREE and programming starting at $19.99/mo. STUFF Brand New KING Matt Set—$195, Mattress and Foundation in plastic w/ war. delivery avail, 703-887-7666 Brand New QN Mattress Set—$85, Still in Plastic w/ warranty can del, 703-887-7666 Cherry Bedroom Set 4PC—$175, Brand New in Boxes, can deliver, 703-887-7666 INDUSTRIAL CAT. GENERATOR- 3406 model, 250kw, holds 2000G diesel, 410hr of usage, diesel tank & enclosure box inc. $35,000. 571-436-7852 NE DC- Newly renovated 2BR apt. Central Heat & CAC, W/D. Near Bus lines & new Dennys. Quiet Nghbrhd. $1100+utils. Call 202-251-4638 4Paws—Choose fr 20+ cats Sun 11-4 Sterling Petco www.fourpaws.org $v 571-4346562 CFC34517 XX740 1x.25 ADOPTA CAT/KITTEN Vet checked.Call FelineFoundation. 703-920-8665 www.ffgw.org Cutest Puppies—Puppies For Sale 304-2676333 or 304-904-6289 Bulldogs & Designers, Yorkie-Poos, Shih-Tzu Martinsburg wv ENGLISH BULLDOG PUPPY - Male, distinctive tri-color, 8 weeks, 2nd shots & vet checked, home raised. $1600. Call 540-933-6086 THE HOUSE OF LEBANON Hurry Limited Time Only *on approved credit* *income restrictions apply* CARVER TERRACE 2003 Maryland Avenue #101, Washington DC 20002 888.891.8472 NE- Huntwood Crt. Under new management. 1BR $760+. 2BR $960+. 5000 Hunt St NE. Bring ad, No application Fee! 202-399-1665 NMI Prop Mgmt. 1 BRS $750 ● ● ● ● Thank you for visiting and choosing the extravagant “House of Lebanon Senior Apartments”. This historical 4 story building, located on 27 O Street, NW Washington DC 20001 will consist of 82 senior living for individuals ages 55 and older. All applicants must provide the following information to meet qualifying guidelines for approval:  Proof of Identification required (birth certificate, social security card and photo ID)  Proof of income and assets (stubs for employment, unemployment, social security income, pension funds, etc.)  Proof of income assets (checking and savings account, money market funds, trust, stock/bonds, IRA/Keogh or other Retirement/Investment account, etc)  All applicant’s criminal background, credit and rental history will be verified. www.houseoflebanonsenior.com SE IT'S A SWEET HEART OF ADEAL! 1/2 Off 1st Month & FREE Tablet! $750 Security Deposit Minimum Income $27,000/Yr Credit/Background Check Performed One & Two Bedrooms Starting at Application Fee leasing@novodev.com www.novodev.com 3533 Ames St. NE Washington, DC 20019 202-553-3814 2942 2nd St., SE, Wash, DC 20032 Professionally Managed By CIH Properties, Inc. DC Rider METRO NEWS ON YOUR iPHONE AND ANDROID DOWNLOAD FREE. Wall to Wall Carpet/Individually Controlled Heat & Air Dishwashers/Frost Free Refrigerator Laundry Room In Every Building GAS HEAT, $ 2 BRS 875 1, 2 & 3 BEDROOM APARTMENT HOMES AVAILABLE! ALL UTILITIES INCLUDED!! WASHER/ DRYER UNIT AVAILABLE!!** FREE ACCENT WALL!! RIDGECREST/ GRANDVIEW VILLAGE APARTMENT HOMES ALL CREDIT CONSIDERED! PETS SE Huntington Village Apartments will OPEN the affordable housing waiting list for 1BR ONLY on March 5th, 2014. The waiting list will close on March 5,2014. Applications will be taken from 9:00am-12:00pm. at THEARC 1901 Mississippi Avenue SE on March 5,2014. The Following is required to apply: * Picture ID for all ADULT family members * Social Security card and Birth Certificates for all family members * Proof of household income * Must be 18 years of age to apply For more information please call 202-889-0804 CARVER Fort Dupont - Fully renovated 2 Bedroom apartment, Central Heating/AC, New appliances. Section 8 welcome. Immed move-in. 202-710-7034 (877) 543-2259 REDUCED APPLICATION FEE!! FREE SHUTTLE BUS SERVICE!! MINUTES FROM SHOPPING AND METRO!! ASK ABOUT OUR MOVE-IN SPECIAL CALL US TODAY!! **washer/ dryer unit available in select units DC RENTALS STARTING @ $829* *Limited Time Only Mon. - Fri. 9 - 5PM Sat. 10 - 2PM Call for appointments on Saturdays only (202) 563-6968 4632 Livingston Rd SE Professionally Managed By CIH Properties, Inc. SE - A St. 1 and 2 BRs, $950 to $1200 + elec. Small pets under 30lbs okay. W/D in unit, Section 8 okay. Call 202-388-3900 x15 SE DANBURY ST - Attractive 1BR $795. 1st months rent free. Good credit req. Metro Buss at corner. Call 202-563-1791 Rents Starting @ $765 $ 0 app fee • 1 & 2 br Available 305 37th Street SE SE-2BDR 1BA apt. newly renov. Sec.8 and Urban League Vouchers-OK. $1300.00. 202-744-2851 Come to Banneker Place Where Our Apartments are Like Finding a Pot of Gold 1 BR $849 $0 Application fee • $99 Security deposit* *apply and be approved by end of Feb. Metro Accessible Controlled Entry Free Parking (202) 584-1688 3738 D St. SE 20019 Professionally Managed By CIH Properties, Inc. SE - 13th St. 2 mins to metro, 2 BR, $875 +util. Section 8 okay 202-388-3900 x15 or 202-438-3499 SE- 4569 BENNING RD- 2 BRs , 1 block to subway, C/A & heat. $820 plus gas & electric. $15 app fee. Immed. Occ. 202-582-7155 SE - Furnished room, w2w carpet, CAC/heat, near bus. $165/week utilities included. 202-399-0396 OR 202-207-5569 SE-Hanover Court. Under new mgmt. 1BR $750+. 2BR $820+. $50 app fee 2412 Hartford St. #202 SE. 202-506-6416 NMI Property Management SE - Newly renovated, 1, 2 & 3 bedrooms. Central air and heat. W/D in unit. Section 8 welcome. Starting @ $1200. Call Jerome 202-321-5596 ALL NEW GATED COMMUNITY with AFFORDABLE RENTS & Unbelievable Views *Income Limits Apply • 24 hr. concierge service • Moments to the Family Size Maximum Metro rail Income • Metrobus at your 1 $45,180 doorstop • Computer, Fitness, 2 $51,600 Business & Community Center 3 $58,080 • A Salon, and much, 4 $64,500 much more **Only 1 & 2 BRs available. Must move in by 2/28/14 All found at THE OVERLOOK professionally managed by VISIT and RENT by Feb. 28th, 2014 and receive $150 off 1st Month’s Rent!* www.theoverlookdc.com NOTICE Orchard Park Village Apartments will OPEN the affordable housing waiting list for 1BR ONLY on March 5,2014. The waiting list will CLOSE on March 5,2014. Applications will be taken from 9:00am - 12:00pm. at THEARC 1901 Mississippi Avenue SE on March 5,2014. The following is required to apply: *Picture ID for all ADULT family members * Social Security card and Birth Certificates for all family members *Proof of household income * MUST be 18 years of age to apply For more information please call 202-889-6660 Southeast EHO 1 BRs fr. $810/mo 2 BRs fr. $935/mo Meadow Green Courts! NO APPLICATION FEES Convenient to shops, schools, Dishwasher. Walk-in closets., w-w carpet 5% DISCOUNT: METRO & DC GOVT employees Call for details (877) 464-9774 3539 A St. SE Mon.-Fri. 9-5. Sat. 10-4 Housing Choice Vouchers welcome where rents are within voucher program limits. T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 23 DC RENTALS 116 Irvington Street SW 202-969-2563 W/W carpet, CAC/1 Air/Heat, Dishwasher, Laundry facility, Open House Saturday from 10-4 $500 off your first month’s rent and no application fee EFFICIENCY $700 1BR fr. $775 2BR fr. $870 M-F 9-5 • Sat 10-4 Housing Choice Vouchers Welcome where rents are within voucher limits Spacious 2 bedroom condo, 1.5 bath, hardwood floor near metro, section 8 welcome. $1250/month. 202-290-4491 Perfect Price at The Perfect Location Select Studios for $1000 to $1100* CAPITOL PARK PLAZA • All Utilities Included • Fitness Center/Swimming Pool Open House on March 15 & 16 Sunday 12-4 Max. Income Qualifications: 1 pers. $45,180 • 2 pers. $51,600 * Tax Credit Studio applicants only • Restrictions Apply* 201 I Street, SW • Washington, DC 20024 Located NearThe S.W. Waterfront M-F 9-6 • Sat. 10-5 • Sun. 12-4 1.877.870.0243 SW-Madison Ct. Under New Management. Starting at 1BR $815+, 2BR $915+. 32 Chesapeake St. SW 202-561-7368 NMI Property Management MD RENTALS WOODLAND SPRINGS BLADENSBURG Cobur Terrace • Great Location • Metro Bus at your Door Step • Convenient to Super Markets and Shopping • Close to Schools Spacious Floorplans Renovated Laundry Rooms On-Site After Care/Summer Camp MD Food Bank Donations Minutes from Addison Rd Metro Station Housing Vouchers Welcome 301-735-2104 CALL TODAY LL LT TO (866) 574-7408 INSTANT PRE-APPROVAL ADDISON CHAPEL A p a r t m e n t s Experience Comfort & Luxury Spacious Modern Floorplans Efficiencies from $779! 1 BRs from $949! 2 BRs from $1220! 1 BR at $800 • 2 BR at $875 On residential street next to DeMatha HS Off-st parking • Ceiling Fans (tenant pays electric • carpet extra) 301-779-1734 • FREE UTILITIES • Swimming Pool • Private balconies and patios • Minutes to The National Harbor & Brand New TANGER Outlets CALL NOW FOR OUR FANTASTIC SPECIALS! COLONIAL VILLAGE • Walk to Elementary School LANDOVER • Free gas and water • State-of-the-art fitness center • Right across from the NEW WEGMANS • Remodeled w/brand new Kitchens • Licensed daycare on premises $ 885-$945* 990-$1,050* ♥ We Have Sweet Deals! ♥ Classic Renovation # Occupants (when you sign a 12 mo. lease). 908 Marcy Ave. • Oxon Hill, MD 20745 Some restrictions apply $599 price is for 1st Mo. Rent/ 1 BR only 866.464.0993 OAKCREST TOWERS $300 off if you move-in by Feb 28, 2014 * w/approved credit • Computer Lab **Limited Availability • Metro Accessible *Income Qualifications • After school programs Frank Em Emmet Real Estate MOVE-IN SPECIAL en t e-In Speci Mov $599 al! 1st Mon t h R (wit h a 12 Lease) On ly Mo. *Prices subject to verification Summer Ridge GARFIELD COURT • Celng Fans • Lovely Settng • Near the New ARTS DiSTRiCT • Close to Shoppng & Metro ALL UTILITIES INCLUDED for a small fee Hyattsville • Selected apts. avail available for immediate move in • Gas & El Electric Not Included Hyattsville 1 Bedroom Apts. from $850 2 Bedroom Apts. from $975 1 BR from $839 2 BR from $999 $500 Up To Two Months Rent Security Deposit On Approved Credit 301.277.6610 Call today to schedule an appointment tour! A partm ents 1BRs .................... $690 Large 2BR ........... $935 3BR...................... $950 Call Now For Details HYATTSVILLE Call Now (888) 831-6315 www.oakcresttowers.com College Park/Old Town- 1BR & 2BR. Garden style apts. 1 Block Metro, 1/2 mile to UMD. Call for specials! No security dep for active Military. JE Smith Corp 202-582-2473 • Clubhouse & Fitness Center • Washer & Dryer • Renovated Apartments Available • Less than Five Minutes from 495 • Swimming Pool • Central A/C & Heat COOL SAVINGS!! CO O !! CASTLE MANOR 1525 Elkwood Lane, BIG DEALS GOING FAST! 1Br Special Starting at $825 2Br Special Starting at $975 MD RENTALS GATED COMMUNITY • • • • • • • FREE Internet & Cable* (*1-BR only) State of the Art Fitness Center Stainless Steel Appliances** Granite Countertops** Washer & Dryer** Free Gas (cooking & heat) & Water Outdoor & Indoor Pools (**Select Units) *Subject to change. CALL NOW FOR OUR FANTASTIC SPECIALS! PARKVIEW GARDENS 6400 Riverdale Road • Riverdale, MD 20737 888-251-1872 www.parkviewgardensapartments.com Mon.-Fri. 8-5, Sat. 10-4, Sun. 12-4 RIVERDALE 1, 2 & 3 BR APTS. HUGE 2 BR TOWNHOMES • Roomy, modern apts. • Private balconies/patios • Cathedral ceiling CALL NOW FOR OUR FANTASTIC SPECIALS! RIVERDALE VILLAGE 5409 Riverdale Road • Riverdale, MD 20737 800-767-2189 Free 6-Week Summer Camp Come Visit Us: Mon. thru Fri. 8 am - 5 pm • Sat. 10 am to 4 pm • Sun. 12 pm - 4 pm 24 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY MT. RAINIER (when you sign a 12 mo. lease). Free Rent Until March 15th! • Renovated Kitchens • CloseTo 295, 495 & RTE 50 • Spacious Floorplans • Central HVAC 2 Bedrooms @ $950 per month 3 Bedrooms @ $1199 per month *Vouchers Welcome • Enormous Floor Plans • Noise Dampening Floors • Close to Shopping • Pet Friendly • Washer & Dryers in all 3 BR units 1 BR’s from $899 • 2 BR’s from $1095 HILLWOOD MANOR 202-499-2082 1 BR Special- $949 2 BR Special- $1400* 3 BR Special- $1750* ALL UTILITIES INCLUDED Save $100 off monthly rent for 2 & 3 Br *Call about our move-in specials 1439 Southern Ave. your lifestyle Transform • Largest Apts., in Oxon Hill ALL • Newly Renovated Apts. SIZES • Across from United Medical AVAILABLE Center w/ New Children’s Hospital Wing • P12 Metrobus @ Doorstep • Walk to Southern Avenue Metro • Housing Vouchers Welcome (MD) • ALL CREDIT CONSIDERED VA RENTALS • Spacious floor plans • Washer/dryer** • Amazing closet space • Fireplaces** • Controlled Access • Activity Center BRAGG TOWERS Furnished Efficiencies: $399 Wk  $1470 Mo Cable  Internet  Utilities  Housekeeping www.transformurlifestyle.com XX740 1x.25 $200 Deposit No Matter Credit Approval Type (on a 12 mo. lease) 1-BR $1050 2-BR $1150 Free Application/Instant Approval Month to Month Lease Ask About Our Credit Program Studio,1,2,3 Bedrooms/Most Utilities CALL TODAY! Forest Glen Apts. 301.593.0485 Close to the Forest Glen Metro Off-Str. Prking/Controlled Access Ceiling Fans Housing Vouchers Welcome UTILITIES INCLUDED XX740 1x.25 Southview Apartment Homes WOODBRIDGE, VA 1-800-879-4701 ALEXANDRIA, VA 14211 JEFFERSON DAVIS HWY. LUSTINEONLINE.COM 7434 RICHMOND HWY 888.801.3692 OFFICE HOURS: M-F (9-6); SAT (9-5); SUN (12-5) 1309 SOUTHVIEW DRIVE, OXON HILL, MD 20745 A SOUTHERN MANAGEMENT COMMUNITY LEXUS OF SILVER SPRING Choose from a variety of 1 & 2 Bedrooms No Move-In Fees! Call Today! Brand New Luxury Apartments Great Amenities - One Block to Metro! RIVERDALE, MD - To share Quiet SFH. W/D privileges. Close to Metro. 202-297-4271 or 301-459-1897 Room for rent, shared bath, internet and cable included, $160/ week. 202-714-7939 SE - Furn room in house, share BA/kit. Near metro & harbor. Pref female. $165/wk inc utilities/cable. 301-922-6393 SILVER SPRING, MD - Furnished rooms. M perf, all utils incl. Shr family room. Near Metro, 495 & Shoppingg center. $550. 240-701-6022 SILVER SPRING, MD - Basement w/ pvt entrance & BA $625 & 1 room $500. Bus at door, Metro 5 mins. N/S. Internet available. 301-754-0033 703.645.7368 MOUNTAIN PARADISE 14.6 AC - only $59,823 UNSPOILED MTN VIEWS PARKLIKE HOMESITE/CAMPSITE Breathtaking views of mountains & valley from this high elevation mountaintop parcel that has it all. ABUNDANT WILDLIFE, open hardwoods, like walking in a park! Includes all mineral rights, perc, general warranty deed. Special financing makes owning easy! HURRY, CALL NOW 1-800-888-1262. prosperityflats.com 2700 Dorr Ave - Fairfax, VA 22031 *Restrictions apply, prices subject to change. Please ask a Leasing Consultant for more info. Starting at $800 Limited Time Only • Renovated Apartments Available 99 South Bragg St, Alexandria, VA 22312 703-354-6300  www.BraggTowers.com 301.637.6153 Lease Now! Up to 3 Months Free Rent! Apartments Mon, tue, wed, thu 9-7 • fri, sat 9-5 • sun 11-5 TAK PK—New Hamp. Ave. Ask about our rental coupon special! (202) 553-3814 www.novodev.com *All Prices & Specials Subject to change without notice. 877-608-6548 WINDSOR COURT AND TOWER APTS 3839 64th Ave Hyattsville MD 20784 NE DC - 3123 South Dakota Avenue North East, $200 - $225 per week. Good Bus route. Call 202526-8268 • All utilities paid • No Security Deposit or move-in fees • Metrobus at front door to Pentagon & Van Dorn Metro • Free parking • Convenient to Pentagon, Shopping & I-395 Mon.-Fri. 9am-5pm. Sat. by app’t. only Silver Spring 4901 Seminary Rd., ALEXANDRIA, VA CoMe in for Great rent sPeCiaLs 3415 Parkway Terr. Dr. Suitland, Md. 888-833-9784 1st Mo. Rent/1 BR MD RENTALS BMW 2006 325 XI. Mint condition, under 40,000 miles, black interior, granite Grey. Ally wheels, garaged attached, $17,500, 814-494-0415 JUNK VEHICLES REMOVED FREE CASH PAY FOR ALL 202-714-9835 NEED A VEHICLE? Over 1,000 Cars, Trucks, SUV’s! You need 2 Paystubs & 1 Bill - Laurel, MD. Gross income must be $2k mo+. Jason 202.704.8213 Park your browser here. • 2 Playgrounds • Five Minutes for 95 South & North GYM, Lounge and Business Center Come on in and take a tour. CALL TODAY FOR AN APPOINTMENT!!! Concerts, movies, events, restaurants and more. LINDEN PARK APARTMENTS 3600 Jurgensen Drive Triangle, VA 22172 703-221-3146 OLD TOWN FAIRFAX Lg studio 700SF. A must see! $1,260 incl utils, prkg & fitness cntr. Avail now. 571-432-6339 ROOMMATES DC Rider METRO NEWS ON YOUR iPHONE AND ANDROID DOWNLOAD FREE. CHEVERLY 1 furnished bedroom, utilities/cable, wifi included. Available March 1. $600/mo. Call 202550-5375 LANDOVER, MD - M/F or couple to share house. Furnished BR. $150/week inc all utilities. No security deposit. NO Credit Check! 301-516-1243 DARCARS NISSAN 703-660-0100 SILVER SPRING, MD 1-800-266-4874 ROCKVILLE, MD WWW.SHEEHYHONDA.COM 2505 PROSPERITY TER. LEXUSOFSILVERSPRING.COM 15911 INDIANOLA DRIVE XX609 1x1 301-309-2200 ROCKVILLE, MD WWW.DARCARS.COM 15625 FREDERICK ROAD 301-309-3917 WWW.DARCARS.COM T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 25 Are Mondays Your New Fridays? If so, nominate your workplace as one of the best in the greater Washington area for Top Workplaces 2014: a special section of The Washington Post coming early this summer. washingtonpost.com/nominate XPN1244 5x10.5 26 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY For Real This Time Katy Perry has called it quits with on-and-off boyfriend John Mayer 31 Keeping Portland Weird Ode to Oy A lady sings. She sings and walks. She walks through a tub of rotting fish guts, a tub of maggots, a tub of biting lizards. Yet she keeps singing. “You give me fever,” she sings. But wait, is she singing … or screaming? When she comes to a tub with an alligator, she halts. Bugs and bites are but a few of the obstacles contestants face as they try to keep By Marc on singing and win up Silver to $10,000 on “Killer Karaoke,” a TruTV series that the New York Times called “the greatest show in television history.” It’s back for a second season (Thursdays, 10 p.m.) with rock and roller Mark McGrath replacing stunt comic Steve-O as host and a tweaked format in which the audience votes for its faves. And really, the show is pretty great. It’s as if “American Idol” and halfpipe skiing had a baby that was raised by the Marquis de Sade: music + insane physical ordeals + sadism! True, “Killer Karaoke” is sophomoric and cruel. But ultimately, it is about the indomitability of the human spirit, which will not let snakes, scorpions or stink beetles keep it from expressing itself in song. Read Marc’s previous columns at: www.washingtonpost.com/muse Carrie Brownstein and Fred Armisen stay fresh after 4 seasons of making ‘Portlandia’ Television A couple find a free parking spot in downtown Portland. Then they cram a full day’s activities into the 15 minutes it provides. … Portland’s feminist bookstore tries to bail itself out of debt with a politically correct carwash. … And so it goes on “Portlandia,” whose crystalline absurdity and truth is back for its fourth season (Thursdays, 10 p.m., IFC). The Peabody award-winning show, too finetuned to be dubbed sketch comedy, teems with indie-cinema-ish interludes. Its vignettes feel vividly indigenous to Portland, Ore., yet, at the same time, resonate with universal relevance. It’s the product of a remarkable collaboration: Carrie Brownstein (musician, comedian, actress and, by the way, a Portland resident) in saucy cahoots with Fred Armisen (a “Saturday Night Live” alum and, as his brand-new gig, bandleader for “Late Night With Seth Meyers”). “I love Portland. I love Carrie,” Armisen says, explaining the genesis of “Portlandia.” What began as just-for-us videos by Armisen and Brownstein evolved into a weekly cable-TV venture once “SNL” producer Lorne Michaels got onboard. “It’s more a mind-set than a place,” Brownstein muses. “It’s an exemplary city in how befuddled AUGUSTA QUIRK (IFC) ADAM ROSE (TURNER ENTERTAINMENT NETWORKS) Broadcast Muse Fred Armisen, left, and Carrie Brownstein celebrate Portland’s oddities as much as they mock them. High-Profile Fans Carrie Brownstein and Fred Armisen are supported by a grab bag of celebrities this season, including Kirsten Dunst, k.d. lang, Steve Buscemi, Guns N’ Roses’ Duff McKagan, director Gus Van Sant and a slew of past and present “SNL” regulars. (AP) it can sometimes be by its own attempts at progressiveness and kindness. Here, your biggest battle is whether something is local versus organic.” Portrayed as forward-thinking but self-deluded, Portland lays bare great comic possibilities. Armisen says he works backward from the real-life curiosities he runs across: He questions what, and who, might account for them. “There’s a new artisan sandwich I’m seeing everywhere,” he cites as an example. “How did that happen? You wonder who the person is that buys it, but also who it’s marketed by. And it goes from there. You don’t so much start the comic process with a smile as with a question mark.” Brownstein weighs in: “Fred is less fascinated by the phenomenon and more fascinated by the motivating factors, the character traits of some of the stranger, obsessive people who are putting out more chaos than solutions.” The mission is examination, not declaring a verdict: “Saying something’s right or wrong isn’t up to you as a comedian,” Armisen says. “Being present and funny, that’s your only job. The only message is, ‘I don’t know! That’s just how people are!’ ” FR A ZIER MOORE (AP) Back to the Swamp: DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg hinted in an interview with Fox Business Network on Tuesday that there may be a sequel in the works for the “Shrek” franchise. “We’re not finished, and more importantly, neither is he,” Katzenberg said of the ogre hero, left, voiced by Mike Myers. The interview came a day after DreamWorks announced the development of six “Shrek”-themed visitor attractions around the world. (E XPRESS) T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 27 entertainment lookout Katy B, top left, Angel Olsen, below left, and Dierks Bentley produced some of February’s best music. NINO MUNOZ 200 MASTERWORKS A Month in Music Washington Post pop critic Chris Richards picks February’s best new recordings Music Shy Glizzy, ‘Young Jefe’ When this Washington rapper looks in the mirror he sees a lover, a fighter, a nuisance, a menace, a hot head, a cool breeze, a dude crazy in love with the sound of his own trash talk. Accordingly, the highlight of Glizzy’s new mixtape reads more like a daily affirmation than a brag: “I’m so awesome!” Absolutely. Katy B, ‘Little Red’ On her second album, Katy B continues spelunking London’s dance music underground, feels big feelings in the high-decibel darkness, and sings them back out in the shape of a pop song. Temples, ‘Sun Structures’ The old-school psych-rock on this young Brit band’s debut sounds highly studied and is polished just so. But if your air guitar has been collecting dust, it’s a lovely solution. Angel Olsen, ‘Burn Your Fire For No Witness’ Everything burns slowly on Olsen’s new album, where the 26-yearold singer channels older voices (Leonard Cohen, Hope Sandoval) to describe ancient feelings (love, longing) in ways that feel new. Dierks Bentley, ‘Riser’ He can do feel-good, down-low and everywhere in-between, but Bentley is at his best on “Bourbon in Kentucky,” soaking his mangled heart in Jim Beam. “There ain’t enough bourbon in Kentucky for me to forget you,” he sings. “So forget you.” Pretty Unlikely, Eh? Comedy Central duo Keegan-Michael Key, far left, and Jordan Peele, left, have signed on for the final four episodes of the “Fargo” miniseries planned on FX. The comedians will play FBI agents searching for Billy Bob Thornton’s character. FX’s “Fargo” will be loosely based on the Coen Brothers’ 1996 film of the same name about small-town murder in Fargo, N.D., which won two Academy Awards. The miniseries debuts April 15. (E XPRESS) 120 ARTISTS MADE IN THE USA 1 AMERICAN SPIRIT AMERICAN MASTERS FROM THE PHILLIPS COLLECTION 1 8 5 0 –1 9 7 0 March 1–August 31, 2014 The exhibition is organized by The Phillips Collection. The exhibition is presented by Generous support is provided by The Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Horowitz Foundation for the Arts. Brought to you by the Made in the USA Committee 1600 21st Street, NW (Dupont Circle Metro) www.phillipscollection.org MEMBERS ENJOY UNLIMITED FREE ADMISSION AND DISCOUNTS. JOIN US! ARTHUR G. DOVE, RED SUN (DETAIL), 1935. OIL ON CANVAS, 20 1/4 X 28 IN. THE PHILLIPS COLLECTION, ACQUIRED 1935. © THE ESTATE OF ARTHUR G. DOVE, COURTESY TERRY DINTENFASS, INC. 28 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY PARAMOUNT PICTURES lookout online “The Statler and Waldorf shot looks eerily like those selfies of Patrick Stewart and Ian McKellen.” — COMMENTER PAIRESTA AT AVCLUB.COM sees similarities between Muppet Theater duo Statler and Waldorf and two reallife British actors, Patrick Stewart and Ian McKellen. The latter pair became the apple of the Internet’s eye last year when they began posting selfies while hanging out together. Likewise, @themuppets, including Statler and Waldorf, recently began posting selfies on Instagram. “Even though your bike has one fixed gear, my rage has multiple gears, but no brakes, my friend.” — KEITH WISNIEWSKI AT McSWEENEYS.NET pens a line for a parody piece called “I Hope You Enjoy This Artisanal Knuckle Sandwich,” in which one hipster threatens another after he finds out he’s been sleeping with his girlfriend. Healthy Female Volunteers Needed Stress and Anxiety Research Study The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a clinical research study with an experimental drug to determine if this drug may reduce stress and anxiety. The effects of the drug will be compared to an approved anti-anxiety drug and to a placebo, an inactive pill. You may be eligible if you are: • A healthy woman between 21-50 years of age • Willing to follow certain diet restrictions • Willing to use birth control You may not be eligible if you: • Are pregnant or nursing • Have heart or liver disease, peptic ulcer, or seizures • Have depression, anorexia, bulimia or anxiety www.clinicaltrials.gov The study involves 6 outpatient visits to the NIH Clinical Center over a period of 8-9 weeks. There is no charge for study-related procedures. Compensation is provided. Location: The NIH Clinical Center, America’s research hospital, is located on the Metro red line (Medical Center stop) in Bethesda, Maryland. Parking is provided at no cost. - For more information call: 1 800-411-1222 TTY: 1-866-411-1010 Si habla español. Online, clinicaltrials.gov - Refer to study #10-M-0049 National Institute of Mental Health NIH... Turning Discovery into Health ® “Somebody at Paramount wants some butts!” — COMMENTER MIKE BENNET AT HOLLYWOODREPORTER.COM references a line from the 1986 film “Top Gun” in response to an article about the legal clash between Paramount Pictures and the Twitter account @555uhz. The account had been tweeting “Top Gun” one frame at a time, which prompted the studio to file a Digital Millennium Copyright Act notice, asking the social network to remove the account. Twitter complied, so it seems Paramount got the butts it wanted. “America has fallen out of love with orange juice.” “IM NOT CRUNK IM TYPING” — ROBERTO A. FERDMAN AT QZ.COM — LIL JON AT REDDIT.COM responds to uses sales statistics to make a conclusion about America’s consumption of the once-staple breakfast beverage. Sales of O.J. have dropped almost every year for the past decade, culminating last year with sales hitting their lowest point in 15 years, Ferdman writes. He cites rising prices and dietary changes of the populace as two reasons for the decline. the question “How crunk are you right now on the scale from ‘OKAY’ to ‘YEAH.’ ” The rapper, known for his partying ways, took to the social media site Tuesday night to answer fans’ questions during his “Ask Me Anything” session. Lil Jon also told redditors that the only things to “turn down” for are sleep or the police and that his “Crunk Juice” cup is not dishwasher safe. T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 29 puzzles lookout Scrabble Grams PAR SCORE 140-150, BEST SCORE 217 Sudoku DIFFICULT PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20) You’ll be able to discern the weakness in the offensive being mounted by a rival. Turnabout should occur quickly. ARIES (March 21-April 19) You’re eager to get something done that others haven’t been able to do. The clock is on your side, believe it or not. TAURUS (April 20-May 20) You’ll be encouraged by events and people, especially those close to home. You’re ready for anything — almost. GEMINI (May 21-June 20) You’ll have the chance to show off just a little, but what you choose to do is less important than how and when you do it. Wednesday’s Solution CANCER (June 21-July 22) Someone in charge is likely to give you more control than usual over your own part of a major endeavor. LEO (July 23-Aug. 22) You can make a decision that shifts the tide of a current competition in your favor. Still, there may be no time to let down your guard. VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22) You’ll have just enough to work with, and with only a minor alteration, you should be able to win the day for yourself and another. LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22) You may have to rethink your current strategy. Someone is taking advantage of a weakness you weren’t even aware you had. Wednesday’s Solution FOUR RACK TOTAL Make a 2-7-letter word from the letters in each row. Add points of each word using scoring directions at right. Seven-letter words get a 50-point bonus. Blank tiles used as any letter have no point value. Scrabble is a trademark of Hasbro in the U.S. and Canada. Comics 39 16 Today: Partly sunny, windy and cold today. Very cold tonight. 29 23 SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21) You’re ready to make a certain difficult decision. What happens in the aftermath has others wondering how you do it. AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18) Others will gravitate toward you for a number of palpable reasons. By day’s end, you’ll have more than enough personal support. Forecast POOCH CAFE | PAUL GILLIGAN SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21) It may prove to be a rather emotional day as you face a situation at home that you had not anticipated. CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19) That which doesn’t come naturally to you is worth exploring more fully than usual. Right now, your capacity for learning is great. Need more Sudoku? Find another puzzle in the Comics section of The Post every Sunday and in the Style section Monday through Saturday. Tomorrow: Mostly sunny and cold tomorrow. Considerable clouds tomorrow night. PEARLS BEFORE SWINE | STEPHAN PASTIS Looking Ahead SUN MON 41 35 42 33 37 32 Sun and Moon Sunrise today: 6:44 a.m. Sunset today: 5:59 p.m. Moonrise today: 5:14 a.m. Moonset today: 4:23 p.m. Almanac Normal high: 50 Record high: 74 Normal low: 33 Record low: 12 FORECAST BY ACCUWEATHER.COM ©2014 30 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY S AV E T H E D AT E PhD in Public Policy Info Session lookout puzzles Crossword REACH THE PEAK ACROSS Please join Program Director, Dr. James Pfiffner, admissions staff and a panel of current doctoral students at the PhD Admissions Information Session on Wednesday, March 5, 7:00 p.m., at our Arlington, Virginia campus. To learn more and register, visit policy.gmu.edu/informationsession WHERE INNOVATION IS TRADITION Yearn to Learn Tours – Presents Escort Tours – Local Day Trips with Transportation And Meal/Overnight and International Trips! THE 27TH ANNUAL GULLAH FESTIVAL & TOUR May 22 to 26, 2014 $769 PP DBL/$1,095 SGL/Triple $709 5 Days 4 Nights of Fun & Learning! Deluxe Motor Coach Transportation, Hotels, Charleston & Savannah Tours, Breakfast Daily, Gullah Musical with meal & dinner in Savannah included. “A trip you don’t want to miss!” MANDELA’S LONG WALK TO FREEDOM (Escorted) Tour Johannesburg, Soweto and Cape Town 10 Days & 8 Nights – October 16th-25th, 2014 $3,200 DBL Occupancy/SGL $4,000 A trip you will never forget!! (Limited Seating) Let Yearn to Learn Tours Take you away for one or more days! Invite your friends & family to join you. Get flyers and brochures off the web for our 2014 tours at www.yearntolearntours.com Call Barbara at 301-390-5835 ***11 Years In Business*** 1 Many a homecoming attendee 5 Bacterial infection 10 Delighted expression 13 Goldfish relative 14 Diagram grammatically 15 Eugene O’Neill’s “___ Christie” 16 What every sales rep seeks 19 “... __ he drove out of sight ...” 20 “My fault!” 21 “It just doesn’t ___” 22 Arm bone 23 Cobbles, in a way 25 Main arteries 28 Group of six 29 Northern seabird 30 One who puts the punch in punch 31 “His Master’s Voice” co. 34 What college provides 38 “All right!” 39 Egypt’s Temple of ___ 40 Look ___ (visit briefly) 41 Bathroom fixture 42 Bounce on one’s knee 44 Some appetizers 47 Contorted 48 “In memoriam” items 49 Aug. follower 50 “The Princess and the Pea” prop 53 Where the most important things are listed 57 Celebratory poems 58 Flooded 59 Abbey resident 60 Always, poetically 61 They’re left at sea 62 Orange or cherry DOWN 1 Feel the pain 2 Animal house 3 Sudden hankering 4 Dashboard abbr. 5 Some silverware 6 Buccaneers’ home EDITED BY TIMOTHY E. PARKER 7 Gives guns to 8 Tire gauge meas. 9 “For ___ a jolly good fellow” 10 Battery terminal 11 Untie the knot? 12 Hinged door fasteners 15 Assisted 17 Coke or Pepsi, e.g. 18 About 30 percent of Africa 22 State whose motto is “Industry” 23 Happen again 24 Board member, for short 25 Covered with soot, e.g. 26 “Grapes of Wrath” character 27 Floor coverings 28 Wore 30 All the words in a language 31 Brie covering 32 “___ Hand Luke” 33 “Green Gables” girl 35 Run out 36 Trojan Horse, e.g. 37 Color lightly 41 Tub events 42 Bottommost areas 43 Initial poker stake 44 Small salmon (var.) 45 Bear with patience 46 Country east of Mali 47 Beauty’s beau 49 Appendectomy evidence 50 Crude, rude dude 51 White-tailed eagle 52 Actor Dick Van ___ 54 Maple fluid 55 Love-seat capacity 56 Clock standard, briefly Wednesday’s Solution The District of Columbia is placed under the jurisdiction of Congress. 1933 Germany’s parliament building is gutted by fire. Chancellor Adolf Hitler uses the fire as justification for suspending civil liberties. 1991 During Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. Bush announces that the allies will suspend combat operations. Who We Are: Published by Express Publications LLC, 1150 15th St. NW, Washington, DC 20071, a subsidiary of WP Company, LLC How to Reach Us: To place a display ad: Call 202-334-6732 or email ads@readexpress.com. To place a classified ad: Call 202-334-6200. To nominate a hawker as Star Distributor: Email circulation@readexpress.com. For circulation: Call 202-334-6992 or email circulation@readexpress.com. Spot a mistake? Let us know at corrections@readexpress.com. The newsroom: Call 202-334-6800, fax 202-334-9777 or reach out to us on Twitter @WaPoExpress. Publisher: Arnie Applebaum Executive editor: Dan Caccavaro General manager: Ron Ulrich Circulation manager: Charles Love Managing editor, features: Holly J. Morris Managing editor, news: Lori Kelley Creative director: Jon Benedict Features editor: Jennifer Barger Senior news editor: Diana D’Abruzzo Story editor: Adam Sapiro Deputy creative director: Adam Griffiths Senior editors: Sadie Dingfelder, Vicky Hallett, Kristen Page-Kirby Section editors: Michael Cunniff, Rudi Greenberg, Beth Marlowe, Lori McCue, Marissa Payne, Rachel Sadon, Holley Simmons, Jeffrey Tomik Art director: Allie Ghaman Copy editors: Samantha Dean, Sean Gossard Designer: Rachel Orr Production supervisor: Matthew Liddi Founding publisher: Christopher Ma, 1950-2011 T H U R S D AY | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | E X P R E S S | 31 people lookout IF ONLY New Roadside Attraction: Animatronic Paula Deen Paula Deen’s comeback trail is leading her to the Smoky Mountains. Deen announced Wednesday she’s opening a new restaurant, Paula Deen’s Kitchen, in Pigeon Forge, Tenn. A hub for tourists visiting the Dollywood theme park and the nearby Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Pigeon Forge draws about 10 million vacationers a year. (AP) VIE WERSHIP Young Males to Watch 30 Seconds of ‘DWTS’ Then Change Channel CAREER TR AJECTORIES Alan Thicke’s Son —> Paula Patton’s Husband —> Miley Cyrus’ Prop LARRY BUSACCA (GETTY IMAGES) Robin Thicke said Wednesday that he’d like to “thank everyone for the well wishes these last few days.” Thicke and Paula Patton announced Monday they are separating after nine years of marriage. Thicke canceled the first two dates of his tour because he lost his voice. He also canceled Tuesday’s show in Cherokee, N.C., due to “unforeseen circumstances.” (AP) “Honey, could you loosen your grip and stop clawing my shoulder?” “No.” He’s Guilty … of Protecting Biebs Katy said her gown was inspired by “Mrs. Carter.” Rosalynn, not Beyonce. A security guard for Justin Bieber admitted to taking a camera from a photographer in Atlanta, but told officers he wanted only to delete photos taken outside an arcade the singer had visited. Hugo Hesny, 32, of Davie, Fla., is charged with robbery by snatch, police said, and is scheduled to appear in court today. (AP) He Deserved It? TIRED OF ACNE? Visit Derm Consults Online The first teledermatology practice serving Washington DC, Maryland and Virginia Sign up today and in few easy steps you can start your acne treatment online. There is no waiting weeks for an appointment or traveling to a doctor’s office. We guarantee treatment within two business days. Use Skype for your Online consultation SPECUL ATION Katy Perry broke up with John Mayer sometime within the past few days, E! News reported, citing a “source close to the pair.” The source did not have more details. E! noted that Mayer wasn’t with Perry on a recent trip to London and Milan. Perry sparked engagement rumors earlier this month, when she twice wore an extravagant diamond ring on her left hand. This is not the first time Perry and Mayer have broken up, multiple news outlets observed. (E XPRESS) ABC chose Fox Sports reporter Erin Andrews, above, to replace Brooke Burke-Charvet on “Dancing With The Stars” to attract Andrews’ following of young males, an unnamed source told Us Weekly. “They’re desperate for those viewers,” the source said. “Everyone loved [Brooke], but the execs wanted a whole new show.” (EXPRESS) “As I have found out, recognition has its upside, its downside and — you may say — its backside.” — PIPPA MIDDLE- TON JOKED ABOUT HER FAMOUS BUM AT A DINNER FOR WOMEN IN ADVERTISING AND COMMUNICATIONS, E! NEWS REPORTED. Earn Your Master’s Degree in Library and Information Science • Concentrations in Cultural Heritage Information Management, Digital Libraries, Information Architecture, School Library Media, and Health Information Technology • Law Librarianship program ranked #3 in nation by U.S. News & World Report Saturday Open House March 1 2014, 10:30 a.m For more information, visit us at LIS.CUA.EDU or call 202-319-5085. • Flexible class formats • Scholarships available DermConsultsOnline.com THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA The Catholic University of America admits students of any race, color, national or ethnic origin, sex, age, or disability. For disability accommodations, contact us at the number above. 32 | E X P R E S S | 0 2 . 2 7. 2 0 1 4 | T H U R S D AY fashion & home sale 5O - 85 % NOW WHEN YOU TAKE AN EXTRA 40% OFF ORIG.* 1.99-$1000, FINAL COST .59-449.99. 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i don't know

Known as the Sooner State, what was the 48th state to join the Union on Nov 16, 1907?

Oklahoma is the 46th State Admitted to the Union | World History Project Oklahoma is the 46th State Admitted to the Union Oklahoma entered the Union as the forty-sixth state on November 16, 1907. Derived from the Choctaw Indian words "okla," meaning people, and "humma," meaning red, Oklahoma was designated Indian Territory in 1828. By 1880, sixty tribes, forced by European immigration and the U.S. government to relocate, had moved to Oklahoma. Congress opened part of the region, which the United States had acquired in 1803 under the terms of the Louisiana Purchase, to settlement by non-Native Americans in 1889 and organized the Oklahoma Territory in 1890. In 1907, the state of Oklahoma incorporated what remained of Indian Territory. Source: Library of Congress Added by: Aimee Lucido Delegations to make the territory into a state began near the turn of the 20th century, when the Curtis Act furthered the allotment of Indian tribal lands in Indian Territory. Attempts to create an all-Indian state named Oklahoma, and a later attempt to create an all-Indian state named Sequoyah failed, but the Sequoyah Statehood Convention of 1905 eventually laid the groundwork for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention, which took place two years later. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was established as the 46th state in the Union. The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century, and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy. In 1927, Oklahoma businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began a campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using an existing stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa. Source: Wikipedia Added by: Aimee Lucido “ A cyclone hit our farm. It took the roof off of our house, and destroyed our barn and all out buildings. We had a hundred Indian Runner ducks and after the storm we found them about half a mile from the house in a mud swamp, all dead. The family saw the cyclone coming and all got in the storm cellar. After the storm I salvaged what I could from the farm and left Oklahoma for Lincoln County, New Mexico, where they don't have cyclones. I have lived here ever since.” — Ben Stimmel Oklahoma Statehood Celebrated with Marriage Ceremony On Nov. 16, 1907, the Union admitted its 46th state when Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory combined to form the new state of Oklahoma. Residents throughout the state celebrated with wild jubilation and a “red letter” campaign. An unusual aspect of the festivities was a marriage ceremony symbolized the merging of the two territories. The day’s celebrations were highlighted in this article, printed by the Hobart Daily Republican (Hobart, Oklahoma) in its Nov. 16, 1907, issue:

Oklahoma

Sperm, beluga, and pilot are all types of what?

1000+ images about USA - Oklahoma on Pinterest | Parks, Turner falls and Lakes Forward Oklahoma Entered the Union: Nov. 16, 1907 (46) Capital: Oklahoma City Origin of Name: from the Choctaw words: "okla" meaning people and "humma" meaning red, which literally means "red people." State Nickname: Sooner State State Tree: Redbud State Bird:Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher State Flower: Mistletoe State Game Bird: Wild Turkey State Animal: Bison State Furbearer: Raccoon State Reptile: Collared Lizard State Song: "Oklahoma" State Parks: 51 State Motto: Labor omnia vincit (Labor conquers… See More

i don't know

What J. D. Salinger book was Mark David Chapman carrying with him when he shot John Lennon outside the Dakota apartments on Dec 8, 1980?

Chilling details of John Lennon shooting recounted at Chapman parole hearing - U.S. News U.S. News Chilling details of John Lennon shooting recounted at Chapman parole hearing By U.S. News Email New York State Dept. of Corrections Mark David Chapman is seen in this May 15, 2012, photo from the New York State Department of Corrections. The killer of ex-Beatle John Lennon says he used hollow point bullets to shoot the singer “because they were more deadly.” Mark David Chapman retold chilling details of his Dec. 8, 1980, crime during a New York parole board hearing on Aug. 22. He was denied parole for a seventh time the next day and remains at Wende Correctional Facility in western New York. The parole department released transcripts of the hearing Wednesday. Chapman said he was living in Hawaii when he decided to target Lennon “because he was very famous.” He said he also considered targeting television host Johnny Carson and actor George C. Scott. But Lennon was more famous, Chapman said. He insisted he had no anger toward Lennon: “If he was less famous than three or four other people on the list, he would not have been shot.” Associated Press Watch US News crime videos on NBCNews.com   Chapman said he bought the gun he used in Honolulu and needed only to show a driver’s license to get it. However, he said he got the hollow-point bullets from an old friend in Atlanta who was a police officer. “I made a phone call in New York and the fellow said, ‘you’re not going to get any bullets out of me. It’s just not done here.’” He said he told his Atlanta friend he needed the bullets for protection. “I didn’t tell him what I was going to do,” Chapman said. When asked why he chose hollow-point, Chapman responded “Because they were more deadly.” Asked if he wanted to “inflict death,” on Lennon, Chapman responded, “Yes. Absolutely.” Watch TODAY's morning news coverage from the day the legendary musician was assassinated outside his New York City apartment building. Chapman said he had flown from Hawaii to New York twice to check out Lennon’s apartment building, called the Dakota. He said on one trip, he saw the film “Ordinary People,” and called his wife, who was in Hawaii, and told her of his deadly plan but that he decided not to go through with it. The compulsion to kill grew again after he returned to Hawaii, so he flew back to New York without telling his wife he planned to kill Lennon, said Chapman, who was 25 at the time. Chapman said that on the day he shot Lennon, he staked out the Dakota from before noon and talked to him early in the day. “He was very kind to me” and signed an album while his wife, Yoko Ono, waited in a limousine, Chapman said. “Very cordial and very decent man,” Chapman said. “… But I was so compelled to commit murder that nothing would have dragged me away from that building.” Just before 11 p.m., Lennon and Ono arrived at the apartment building. Ono got out of the car first, Chapman said, and went into the alcove of the Dakota as Lennon lingered at the car a moment. “And then when Mr. Lennon passed me I turned, pulled out my weapon and shot him in the back,” Chapman said. The record, he said, shows him calling out “Mr. Lennon,” but he told the parole board he didn’t say that. “I just shot him,” he said. Chapman fired five shots with a .38-caliber revolver, hitting Lennon four times in front of Ono and others. There was a scream, and the Dakota doorman, Jose, grabbed Chapman’s pistol, the gunman told the parole board. Chapman said he was carrying a copy of J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye” when he shot Lennon. He claimed to identify with the main character, “who seemed to be lost and troubled.” While in prison, Chapman said, he has been in his cell writing letters, reading and thinking. He also said he has been having conjugal visits with his wife “pretty steady” for 20 years. His wife lives in Hawaii, he said. He also said he has a “deep relationship with Christ” that started when he was in a Christian camp at age 16. “So this is obviously very embarrassing for me now, having committed murder,” Chapman said. Stay informed with the latest headlines; sign up for our newsletter If he were to be paroled, Chapman said, he would go to Medina, N.Y., about 50 miles northeast of Buffalo, where a minister whom his wife met offered to refurbish an apartment and give him two jobs on his farm. Chapman said he had corresponded with the pastor but met him just two days before the parole hearing. The reason for the crime, according to Chapman: “Attention, bottom line.” He said he received the attention but now he feels it was an “absolutely ridiculously selfish act to take another human life so that I could be pumped up into, you know, something that I wasn’t to begin with.” He also told a parole commissioner, “Fame is ridiculous. It holds no value.” “It was a very selfish act and I deeply regret it,” Chapman told the board. “I’m sorry for my crime.” More content from NBCNews.com:

The Catcher in the Rye

Who's missing: Jason, Mary Ellen, Erin, Ben, Jim-Bob, Elizabeth

John Lennon Page in Fuller Up, The Dead Musicians Directory                           ALBANY - John Lennon's murderer said he had a backup                            hit list in case he was unable to get to the legendary former                            Beatle.                             Mark David Chapman spoke of the list of other celebrities in                            a parole hearing last week. The transcript of that 50-minute                            closed-door hearing was released to The Post yesterday.                             Chapman, serving a life sentence in Attica prison for the                            1980 murder, was denied release by a three-member state                            Parole Board panel. He's eligible for another hearing in two                            years.                             Chapman told the panel that within a month of deciding to kill                            Lennon, he thought up "a substitute list" consisting of several                            names.                             "Probably, I thought he wouldn't be an attainable type of                            thing, and I did think of harming some people," he told the                            board.                             He listed three names, which state officials blacked out from                            the transcript and would not release, and said there were                            several others he could not remember.                             While none of the three other Beatles were on the list,                            sources said, Jack Jones, an author who has chronicled                            Chapman for 16 years, said Jackie Onassis, George C. Scott                            and Johnny Carson were among those considered killed.                             The inmate cited feelings such as "vanity," "jealousy,"                            "anger" and "stupidity" as reasons he wanted to kill Lennon                            and other celebrities.                             While he said he was not asking the board to release him,                            Chapman insisted that he poses no threat to Lennon's family                            or other celebrities if paroled.                             During the hearing, the pudgy 45-year-old detailed his mental                            state leading up to the high-profile murder.                             He said his desire to kill Lennon began after seeing photos of                            the pop icon standing in front of the singer's Dakota                            apartment building in a book called "One Day at a Time."                             "I took it upon myself to judge him falsely for ... being                            something other than, you know, in a lotus position with a                            flower, and I got angry in my stupidity," he said.                             He spoke of an "obsession" on the night he killed Lennon,                            and claimed he heard a small voice - "probably something                            very evil" - telling him to "just do it."                             He told the board he never considered the effect the murder                            would have on Lennon's family and friends.                             Prison life the first few years was hard, and he said he                            experienced fits of rage that he learned to quell in the 1980s                            and '90s to the point that he says he is now free from any                            mental illness.                             Chapman said a recent statement from Lennon's widow,                            Yoko Ono, that she was violently shaking after witnessing                            the murder haunted him so much he said he considered                            skipping his parole hearing.                             He reiterated earlier statements that he belongs in prison,                            and is lucky to be alive.                             "I believe once you take a person's life, there's no way you                            can make up for that. Period," Chapman said.                             He also apologized to Ono, who in a letter asked the board to                            deny Chapman release for a recent statement in which he                            suggested Lennon would forgive him and want to see him                            freed.                             "Maybe it wasn't my right to speak my own crime victim's                            words," he said.   Here is the text of the decision of a New York State Division of Parole  board to deny parole to John Lennon's killer, Mark David Chapman.        The parole board was headed by R. Guy Vizzie.          The other members were W.  William Smith Jr. and Daniel J. Doyle.         Parole is denied. You murdered the victim, John Lennon, when you fired a .38 special caliber Charter Arm         revolver, filled with hollow-point bullets. You discharged all five chambers and hit Mr. Lennon as many as four         times. Mr. Lennon was returning to his residence and was in the company of his wife when you committed this         murder. This act was calculated and unprovoked. You had planned this crime for a protracted period of time and         it is apparent that you were obsessed in causing fatal harm to John Lennon. In addition to being an international         celebrity, Mr. Lennon was a husband and a father of two young children.         During your incarceration, you have maintained an exemplary disciplinary record which this panel has noted and         considered. This panel also recognizes that, because of your continued special housing status, you have been         unable to avail yourself of anti-violence and/or anti-aggression programming.         Your most vicious and violent act was apparently fueled by your need to be acknowledged. During your parole         hearing, this panel noted your continued interest in maintaining your notoriety.         When all factors are reviewed, your discretionary release is determined to be inappropriate. Additionally, this         panel strongly believes that your release to parole supervision at this time would deprecate the seriousness         of the crime and serve to undermine respect for the law.         SOURCE: New York State Division of Parole.         ATTICA, N.Y. (AP) - Mark David Chapman, the man who shot John Lennon to death 20    years ago, sought parole for the first time Tuesday.     Chapman was interviewed for 50 minutes Tuesday morning at the maximum-security Attica    state prison by three parole board members, said Tom Grant, a spokesman for the state    Division of Parole.     Grant said the decision will probably be made public Wednesday morning, after Chapman is    notified.     Chapman, 45, is serving 20 years to life in Attica for slaying Lennon outside the rock star's    Manhattan apartment in 1980. If he is denied parole, Chapman will probably be ordered held    for two more years before he gets another hearing.     He was expected to claim that he has become a born-again Christian who should be paroled    so he can spread a message of love and forgiveness. He recently said in an interview that    Lennon would have wanted him to be released.     But the odds are strongly against Chapman's release now or ever, said inmate advocate    Robert Gangi of the Correctional Association of New York.     Gangi said those who committed violent crimes in New York are almost never granted    release on their initial parole hearing. The notoriety of Chapman's crime just worsens his    chances, he said.     "The fact that it was John Lennon ... eliminates any hope for even a slim chance for    Chapman being released," Gangi said. "The parole board is not going to risk the political heat    by releasing Chapman."     Lennon's widow, Yoko Ono, had written a letter to the parole board about Chapman's    hearing. Her spokesman Eliot Mintz did not immediately return telephone calls for comment    Tuesday.     State Sen. Michael F. Nozzolio, chairman of the Senate Crime Victims, Crime and Correction    Committee, had asked parole authorities to deny Chapman's bid.     "John Lennon represented a vision of hope, peace and love," Nozzolio, wrote to Parole Board    Chairman Brion Travis.     "Tragically, his positive message and his life were fatally ended by Mark David Chapman,"    Nozzolio wrote. "It is the responsibility of the New York State Parole Board to ensure that    public safety is protected from the release of dangerous criminals like Mark David    Chapman."     Lennon was shot by Chapman outside his Manhattan apartment building in December 1980.    Some fans who gathered Tuesday at Central Park's Strawberry Fields, which is dedicated to    Lennon, said they hoped Chapman would be denied parole.     "I don't think they should ever let the guy out," said Rod Hanson. "It was a tragic loss to    everybody, not just Beatles fans."     If the parole board grants Chapman's release, he would leave Attica Dec. 4 after arranging    for a job and a place to live, Grant said. Chapman would be under the supervision of a parole    officer the rest of his life.                               John Lennon's killer has had bizarre dreams of returning to                            the scene where he blew away the famed Beatle - and                            having widow Yoko Ono lovingly embrace him.                             "I've had that dream several times," Mark David Chapman                            says of going back to the Dakota apartment house on                            Central Park West.                             "In it, Yoko Ono is friendly to me and I am, you know,                            accepted in the home and feel loved."                             Chapman, serving life at upstate Attica prison, bared his                            thoughts one week before he's scheduled to go before the                            parole board in a bid to win his freedom.                             Ono has asked the board to keep her husband's killer                            behind bars.                             The 45-year-old convict, who hopes to be sprung after 20                            years behind bars, says Lennon may have been just a                            stand-in for his skirt-chasing dad, whom Chapman hated                            and wanted to kill.                             The pudgy-faced assassin also bares the diabolical death                            plan he'd cooked up for his dad:                             "I wanted to go hold a gun to his head, make him beg.                            Blow him away. I was really mad at him.                            ...                            Chapman, who's in protective custody at Attica, regularly                            receives hate mail and is despised by some inmates.                             "There's always that potential person who wants to make a                            name for himself by saying, �I'm the guy who killed the guy                            who killed the guy,'" he says.                             Only 25 years old when he shot Lennon, Chapman argues                            he's no longer a threat to society and could never kill again.                            "I'm nobody. I'm no celebrity. I did what anybody could                            have done. There's no talent here. In fact, there's a lot of                            stupidity, a lot of insanity," he insists.                             "Nothing was accomplished. Nothing at all. Just a bunch of                            garbage. That's it."                             Chapman is still married to a Hawaii travel agent he wed                            six months before killing Lennon. He hopes to have kids                            with her if he ever gets out, he says.            Lennon Killer Says Dad Didn't Love Him         (9/27/00, 3 p.m. ET) - The man convicted of killing former Beatle John Lennon is continuing his media         campaign to win parole, and in his latest interview he's blaming his problems on that most common of          scapegoats--his father. "I think the main problem was that my father never talked about life or problems.         He didn't talk too much,"         Mark David Chapman told Court TV during an interview from the Attica Correctional Facility in upstate         New York. "Never 'I love you' or anything like that. And, I guess, the more I look back on it, I didn't feel any         love from him."         Chapman--who has become a Christian activist since being imprisoned for shooting Lennon in New York City         on December 8, 1980--said his resentment toward his father runs so deep that he even fantasized about killing         him, too. "I wanted to go hold a gun to his head, make him beg, blow him away. I was really mad at him [for]         not having any money for my mother, getting divorced, and supposedly selling the house and spending the         money on a fling or something. Perhaps, I was getting him back [by] killing John Lennon, ruining my life as         well."         During the interview, Chapman also described the events of the day he killed Lennon, including having the         musician sign an album for him on the same afternoon. "I grabbed the album I had leaning against the rail and I         said, 'John, would you sign my album?' He said, 'Sure,' and wrote his name and he handed it back to me. He         looked at me and nodded his head down and said, 'Is that all you want?'. . .It was a ruse. I really didn't want         his signature, I wanted his life. And I ended up taking both."         Chapman's full Court TV interview will air Monday (October 2) as part of the documentary Death Of A         Beatle. Chapman's parole hearing is scheduled for Tuesday (October 3), and Lennon's widow Yoko Ono has         written a letter to the parole board which is thought to oppose Chapman's release. In other interviews,         Chapman has theorized that Lennon would have forgiven him and supported his parole bid, but in an interview         with The New York Post, Elliot Mintz, a spokesman for Lennon and Ono, said, "John would have loved to         have been here to speak for himself."  'I Deserve to Die' - John Lennon's Killer           NEW YORK (Reuters) - The man who gunned down John Lennon two           decades ago says he deserved to be executed for murdering the former           Beatle but that Lennon, being a liberal, would probably have wanted him           to be released from prison.         In an interview published Tuesday, Mark David Chapman also described in         chilling detail how he posed as an autograph seeker to get close to the         musician outside his New York apartment building on Dec 8, 1980, and shot         him in the back. Chapman even recalled how a policeman cursed him after         bundling Lennon's body in a patrol car.         Chapman, 45, has a parole board hearing Oct. 3 that he hopes will allow him         to leave New York state's Attica prison, where he has spent the last 20 years         for the murder that stunned the world.         ``I should have been executed, you know,'' Chapman said. ``I'm lucky to be         alive. You know I deserve to die.         ``I think he (Lennon) would be liberal. I think he would care, I think he would         probably want to see me released,'' the convicted killer told a reporter from         the Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat and Chronicle. The interview was re-printed         in the New York Daily News on Tuesday.         Chapman was sentenced to life in prison since there have been no executions         in New York state for more than 25 years. Under state law he is eligible for         parole once he has served 20 years.         In another interview also published on Tuesday, Chapman told London's         Daily Express he might have killed the British musician -- who would have         been 60 on Oct. 9 -- to get back at his own unloving father.         ``I think the main problem was that my father never talked about life or         problems,'' Chapman said. ``I guess the more I look back on it, I didn't feel         any love from him,'' he said. ``Perhaps I was getting him back, killing John         Lennon, ruining my life as well.''         Lennon's widow Yoko Ono, who lives in New York and was with Lennon         the night of the shooting, issued a statement saying only: ``I do not wish to         offend the Parole Board by making an untimely public statement which may         be construed as an attempt to try and influence their decision.'' She is         believed to have written to the board expressing her opinion of Chapman's         parole request.         Chapman told the Daily Express he shot Lennon after considering killing his         father, who worked as a debt collector for a bank. ``I wanted to hold a gun         to his head, make him beg. Blow him away. I was really mad at him,'' he said.         In the New York interview, Chapman talks about the day of the killing, which         he spent outside the Dakota apartment building on Manhattan's fashionable         Central Park West. During the day he got Lennon to autograph one of his         albums and the singer said: ``Is that all you want?''         ``It was a ruse,'' said Chapman. ``I didn't want his signature, I wanted his life.         And I ended up getting both.''         Chapman, with a gun in the pocket of his raincoat, said he struggled with         inner demons, saying to himself: ``Help me, Devil, give me the power and the         strength to do this.''         That night, when Lennon returned from a recording studio, Chapman said ``a         voice in my head said 'Do it, do it, do it.' I aimed at his back and pulled the         trigger five times and all hell broke loose in my mind.''         Chapman, who did not run after the shooting, said police who came running         treated him with scorn. ``I remember that look of the officer as he was dragging        John Lennon's body to the back of his patrol car. How he looked at me and         cursed me.''         If he succeeds in winning freedom, Chapman wants to become a father.          His wife Gloria has visited him in prison, where he is held apart from         other inmates.         He told the New York interviewer he could not pinpoint when he wanted         to kill Lennon, but he was obsessed with the Beatles and often took the         hallucinatory drug LSD.         "Thoughts of killing John Lennon slowly began to creep into my          consciousness ... and take hold of me. I could not control them, it was         like a train, a runaway train.''         Chapman is convinced he is no longer a danger to society.         "I could never dream of hurting another person that way now. It's         not going to happen. It's just not going to happen,'' he told the Daily Express.     December 1980                John Lennon, who was widely regarded as the most thoughtful and outspoken of the four Beatles during their peak of popularity during the 1960's, dropped out of the music business, to devote his attention to his newly-born son, Sean, and to his wife, Yoko Ono. Then in November 1980, he reentered the pop mainstream with the introduction of a new album, "Double Fantasy," which, Lennon said at the time, was an extension of his family life, as the songs were direct celebrations of enduring love and the pleasures of home and hearth.        On December 8, 1980 at around 5 p.m., John and Yoko left their apartment in the historic Dakota on Central Park West in New York City to go to their recording studio to supervise the transfer of some of the "Double Fantasy" album numbers to singles. David Geffen, their record producer and friend, said that more than 700,000 copies of the album had already been sold up to that time.        As they were leaving the Dakota, they were approached by several people who were seeking autographs. Among them was a man who would be later identified as Mark David Chapman. John Lennon scribbled an autograph on the cover of "Double Fantasy" for Chapman.        The Lennons spent several hours at the studio on West 44th Street, returning to the Dakota at about 10:50 p.m. They exited their limousine on the 72nd Street curb even though a car could have driven through the entrance and into the courtyard.        Three witnesses--a doorman at the entrance, an elevator operator and a cab driver who had just dropped off a passenger--saw Mark David Chapman standing in the shadows just inside the arch.        As the Lennons walked by, Chapman called, "Mr. Lennon." Then he dropped into "a combat stance" and fired four pistol shots. According to the autopsy, two shots struck John Lennon in the left side of his back and two in his left shoulder. All four caused internal damage and bleeding.        According to police, Lennon staggered up six steps to the room at the end of the entrance used by the concierge, said, "I'm shot," then fell down.        The first policemen at the scene were Officers Steve Spire and Peter Cullen, who were in the patrol car at 72nd Street and Broadway when they heard a report of shots fired at the Dakota. The officers found Chapman standing "very calmly" where he had been.        The police said he had dropped the revolver after firing it, and said Chapman had a paperback book, J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye," and a cassette recorder with 14 hours of Beatles tapes.        The second police team at the Dakota, Officers Bill Gamble and James Moran, took Lennon to Roosevelt Hospital.  Officer Moran said they stretched Lennon out on the back seat and that the singer was "moaning." He said he asked, "Are you John Lennon?" and that Lennon had moaned, "Yeah."        Dr. Stephen Lyman of Roosevelt Hospital said Lennon was dead when the policemen arrived with him. He was pronounced dead at 11:15 p.m. Dr. Elliott M. Gross, the Chief Medical Examiner, said after the autopsy that Lennon had died of shock and loss of blood and that no one could have lived more than a few minutes with such injuries.        Yoko Ono, crying "Tell me it's not true," was taken to Roosevelt Hospital and led away in shock after she learned her husband was dead. David Geffen later issued a statement in her behalf: "John loved and prayed for the human race.  Please do the same for him."        Within minutes of the first broadcasts of the news of the shooting, people began to gather at Roosevelt Hospital and in front of the Dakota, reciting prayers, singing Lennon's songs and burning candles.        On December 14, all around the world, people paused to stand alone or come together in silence, heeding a plea from Yoko Ono that they take 10 minutes to remember the former Beatle.      From the 'Lectric Law Library's stacks  Last Will And Testament Of John Winston Ono Lennon       I, JOHN WINSTON ONO LENNON, a resident of the County of New York, State        of New York, which I declare to be my domicile do hereby make, publish        and declare this to be my Last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all        other Wills, Codicils and Testamentary dispositions by me at any time        heretofore made.    John Lennon 1940-1980   On October 9, 1940 at Oxford Street Maternity Hospital, in Liverpool England, John Winston Lennon was born to Julia and Freddie Lennon. His mother and his Aunt Mimi raised him, while his  father worked on a ship, leaving Julia and his son alone for months at a time. Between 1942 and 1944, John lived with his Aunt Mimi and Uncle George, but continued to see his mother on a regular basis. In July of 1946, John's father returned home and intended to take John to New Zealand to live with him. Julia was against the idea and announced that she wanted John to stay in England. John was given the option of whom he wanted to stay with. He chose to stay in England with his mother, and John continued to live with his Aunt Mimi, without seeing his father for the next 20 years.  In July 1955, Julia started to visit John more frequently, and John's relationship with his mother grew very strong. During this period, Julia began to teach John how to play the banjo, and soon after he began to learn the guitar. On July 15, 1958, John's mother was brutally struck, and instantly killed, by a car driven by an intoxicated off-duty policeman. The incident profoundly affected John emotionally. Throughout the rest of his life, John was haunted by his mother's tragic and unexpected death that lead him to compose many songs such as "Julia" and "Mother". Alcohol and music then became a major part of John's life, as he attempted to comfort himself from his mother's death. He continued to live with his Aunt Mimi, who bought John his first guitar for only £17.   Over the years, John started many skiffle groups. But in late 1960, he started the foundation for the group that would change the course of music forever. This group, The Beatles, consisted of himself, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Pete Best. Their shows were held at various clubs throughout Berkshire, Hamburg, Liverpool, and included the Cavern Club, where their soon-to-be manager Brian Epstein later discovered them.    With the help of Brian, the Beatles auditioned at Decca Records on New Years Day of 1962. After  being turned down by Decca Records, Epstein helped the Beatles with another audition at EMI Records with George Martin. The audition was a success and George Martin signed The Beatles to Parlophone, a division of EMI. However, George Martin decided that Pete Best was not right for studio recording, and decided to have him replaced by Ringo Starr.    During this time, Cynthia Powell and John decide to marry after it was discovered that she was pregnant. On August 23, 1962, John and Cynthia were married. On April 8, 1963, Cynthia gives birth to Julian Lennon; however, John was not able to see Cynthia or his son until two days later, because he was in London with his band.  For the last time, after literally hundreds of performances, on August 3, 1963, the Beatles headlined the bill at the Cavern Club. About a month later, the Beatles were invited to attend a Rolling Stones rehearsal, where Lennon and McCartney completed the composition of the Stones  first hit, "I Wanna be your Man." In November of 1963, Brian Epstein booked the Beatles onto the Ed Sullivan show for February of 1964. The show was a complete success, with an estimated 72 million viewers, setting new records for entertainment broadcasting.   Back in the studio, the Beatles continued to record hit after hit and become the most popular group in history. Unfortunately, Lennon remarks on their success during an interview with Maureen Cleave in March of 1966 claiming the Beatles were, "bigger than Jesus." This statement nearly destroyed the Beatles and soon after they to decide to quit touring. Lennon later apologized for his remarks, but even the "London Catholic Herald" said his remarks, although arrogant, were "...still probably true". Despite not touring, the Beatles continued to experiment in the studio and began a new revolution in music. The release of songs such as "Strawberry Fields Forever" and the album "Sgt. Pepper" shocked unexpected fans with a dramatic change in the Beatles "sound".  John soon began to experiment rather heavily with LSD and became deeply immersed in the art world. In April of 1967, John Lennon attends a "psychedelic" event where he watches many artists  perform. The many performers included Pink Floyd and Yoko Ono, whom he met on November 9, 1966 at an art exhibit preview. In May of 1968, John and Yoko became a couple after John invited  her to his home. They made love after spending the night recording experimental music, which was later released as the "Two Virgins" album. Later that year on August 22, 1968, Cynthia filed for divorce on grounds of John's adultery. On March 20, 1969 John Lennon and Yoko Ono are married n Gibraltar, near Spain. Between March 25 and March 31, John and Yoko spent their oneymoon t the Amsterdam Hilton staging their famous "Bed-In" for peace. John Lennon stated, We're taying in bed for a week, to register our protest against all the suffering and violence in the world."  On March 31, 1969, Yoko's film, "Rape (Film No. 6)", was premiered. John and Yoko attended a press conference for the occasion to appear inside a large white bag, and Bagism is born. (To learn more about Bagism, Please visit www.Bagism.com) In April 1969, John and Yoko began yet  another campaign, "Acorns For Peace". In this event, they mailed acorns to world leaders asking them to plant the acorns for peace. In June of 1960, John and Yoko performed another "Bed-In" in Montreal, where they recorded John's "Give Peace a Chance" with the help of a few friends and visitors.  In April of 1970, Paul McCartney decided to leave the Beatles, and only more tension was built up between John and Paul. On December 8, 1970, Jann Wenner of Rolling Stone Magazine interviewed John. In this interview, John criticizes just about everything from himself to God. On May 28, 1971, Paul and Linda McCartney release their new, "Ram" album. This album contained obvious offensive messages to the Lennon's, which resulted in John's composition of the song, "How Do You Sleep?", a song aimed at insulting McCartney. "How do You Sleep?" was released on John's second solo album, " Imagine ", on September 9, 1971. The title track of this album has become one of the most popular songs of all time, and more importantly, remains as powerful today as it was decades ago.  In late February of 1972, John and Paul met in New York and agreed to stop the public feuding. A few months later, the FBI believed that John was only staying in the country to upset the Republican National Convention. Soon after, deportation hearings are held against the Lennon's. John only upset the government more when he spoke at a peace rally in New York calling for an end to the Vietnam War.  On April 28, 1972, Apple releases David Peel & the Lower East Side's, "The Pope Smokes Dope", which was produced by John and Yoko, and contains "The Ballad of New York City- John Lennon/Yoko Ono". (for more information on David Peel, Please visit www.DavidPeel.org)  Over a year later, in late April of 1973, John and Yoko move into the Dakota apartment building on  the upper west side of New York. Years later, on October 7, 1975, a court appeals the deportation  order against John. Only two days later, on John's birthday, Yoko gives birth to Sean Taro Ono Lennon. A few months later, John, helping Ringo, made his last appearance in a professional recording studio, for almost four years. Fortunately, on July 27, 1976, John was granted permanent residence in America and his immigration worries were over.  On September 25, 1980, Yoko met with Sean's bodyguard, Doug McDougall, to discuss an increase in security around the Dakota, due to John and Yoko's frequent leaves to the studio. However, they decided to put off solving the problem and scheduled another meeting for October 9, 1980. On the day of John's 40th birthday and Sean's 5th, Yoko has an airplane write "Happy Birthday John + Sean - Love Yoko", nine times in the sky. By this time, they have been working on a new album, Double Fantasy", for several months, and it was almost ready to be released.    Meanwhile, in Honolulu, a mentally ill man checked out "John Lennon: One Day at a Time" from a public library, and became convinced that Lennon was a hypocrite. He became frustrated and decided that the solution to his mental instability would be to kill John Lennon. On October 29, this man flew to New York from Honolulu carrying a pistol, but no ammunition. He immediately visited the Dakota and returned there for five days straight. On November 11, he called his wife in Honolulu and admitted that he had been planning to murder John Lennon. She convinced her husband to fly home. But he returned to New York again December 5, after a short stay with his grandmother in Chicago.      Lennon announced that he had spent the last five years as a happy, secure husband and father. A few days later, on December 8, 1980, around 5PM, John autographed a copy of "Double Fantasy" for this mentally ill man from Honolulu. The sick man, standing with an open mouth, appeared amazed that he had met John. John asked him, "Is that all you want?" All the sick man could reply was with, "Thanks, John". Hours later, this mentally ill man was still standing outside the Dakota. As John and Yoko returned home, the man called out, "Mr. Lennon." As John turned toward the voice, he was shot five times in the shoulders and back.     He struggled to the security guard's office, and collapsed crying, "I'm shot, I'm shot." Police arrived  immediately and put Lennon in the car to bring him to the nearest hospital, but when asked if he knew who he was, he could not reply.     Ten minutes after the shooting occurred, Lennon arrived at Roosevelt Hospital. Unfortunately, the damage was extreme. John Winston Ono Lennon, having bled severely, was announced dead on arrival. Back at the Dakota, the mentally ill man from Honolulu had been arrested without a struggle. He had in his hand, a copy of "The Catcher in the Rye", a novel by J.D. Salinger. On December 10, 1980, John Lennon was cremated. A worldwide 10-minute silent vigil took place on December 14, 1980 at 2PM Eastern Time in John's memory. ~ workingclasshero.com                     A 360-page tell-all memoir written by the Beatle's three surviving members --                    McCartney, 58, George Harrison, 57, and Ringo Starr, 60 -- due out this autumn                    is being billed as a definitive exercise in myth-shattering.                    The tome, entitled The Beatles Anthology , will reportedly set the record straight                    on the group's drug use, sexual exploits, rivalries and -- most significantly -- the                    whys and wherefores of their break-up.                    The book, according to a recent report in a British newspaper, argues that Lennon                    walked away from the group, leaving bassist-singer McCartney to make the                    formal announcement of the split months later. If true, that would topple                    conventional theories that McCartney precipitated the split.   

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Fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance is used by what insurance company?

Compare Car Insurance Esurance’s Ad Campaigns Esurance Commercials take on GEICO May 15, 2014 GEICO’s tagline is by now probably quite familiar: “Fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance.”  When it first debuted, it was probably groundbreaking – fifteen percent is a lot of money, and fifteen minutes isn’t a lot of time.  But we live in the future now, where we expect things to happen almost-instantaneously, and fifteen minutes feels like a lifetime. Esurance’s Commercials Undercuts GEICO’s Promise Esurance has caught on to this flaw in GEICO’s advertising campaign (and so had GEICO, it seems; fewer and fewer of their ads feature it with each passing month).  Their most recent series of advertisements, since the demise of Erin Esurance , features folks of a certain age who are stuck in the past, unaware of the new cultural norms, or generally clueless. It’s a clever play on the idea that GEICO’s fifteen minutes is outdated and becoming irrelevant, and it’s funny. “I Unfriend You!” In one Esurance commercial, Beatrice posts her vacation photos to her physical wall in her home, and invites her friends to come look at them.  She also brags that she saved 15% on car insurance.  When her more tech-savvy friend calls her out, Beatrice points to her and says “I unfriend you!”  Of course, this is wrong.  It’s so wrong that it almost detracts from the point of the ad – that there are better ways to save. Be Kind, Rewind In another Esurance TV ad, Larry tells the camera confidently that he saves time by not rewinding DVDs before returning them to…Redbox, I guess, since there really isn’t anywhere you can rent DVDs anymore.  Anyway, he says that taking the time to rewind DVDs is crazy – and the implication, of course, is that so is taking 15 minutes to get a car insurance quote. Do Esurance’s Ads Work? Esurance’s new commercials are clever, endearing, and memorable – when I mention them around the office everyone knows what I’m talking about, and a friend has even taken to shouting at others “I unfriend you” when he is displeased with them.  (I kind of wish I was making that second thing up.)  They target one of their biggest competitors (Esurance’s parent company, Allstate, is on the front lines with GEICO in terms of market share and advertising budget), and they do it by going after the ubiquitous catch phrase.  If you’re paying attention to the clever, almost-subtle play, it’s a great dig at a competitor and boost for the company. However, as I mentioned before, this is the future – people are watching TV with their phones or tablets in their hands while they’re making dinner or herding children, and if they’re even watching the commercials, they aren’t always paying close attention.  An advertisement that calls out another company’s slogan is running the risk of putting that other company in the mind of viewers.  The first time I saw the new Esurance ad, I thought it was for GEICO – and I work in insurance marketing, so I’m paying pretty close attention to this sort of thing. The goal of most insurance companies’ advertising is to get people to think about insurance even if they aren’t thinking about insurance, on the hope that when the time comes to actually think about insurance, they’ll choose the company they’ve been thinking about.  However, a potential customer listening with half an ear might hear the wrong catchphrase from these advertisements.  Apparently this is a risk Esurance decided they were willing to take: lampooning the competition was worth the risk of throwing them free business.  And at the end of the day, the new Esurance commercials are pretty funny, and in the auto insurance industry, that seems to be what really matters. Compare Car Insurance Quotes

GEICO

The continental divide, the point at which watersheds tend to drain to the Pacific, instead of the Atlantic, lies principally along which mountain range?

10 Ways to Save on Auto Insurance 10 Ways to Save on Auto Insurance by Vered DeLeeuw · 9 comments I was so fed up with my insurance company! Premium hikes every single year, even though we never filed a single claim; an indifferent agent; and a premium that was outrageously expensive to begin with. For a few years, I was so busy raising small kids that I neglected our finances. But as soon as my kids grew up a little, and I had more time on my hands, I knew it was time to start shopping around for a new insurer. So I cleared up a morning, and started making phone calls. My first step with each insurer I was considering was to check its financial strength on the A.M. Best website . Admittedly, if you don’t purchase life insurance, this is not as important, but I still wanted to make sure the insurer I was considering was not about to collapse anytime soon. Of course, these things change, and after the recent financial crisis, it probably makes sense to pay another visit to the A.M. Best website (it’s on my to-do list!) Next, I talked with several insurance companies’ representatives. Remember the GEICO tagline, “fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance?” Well, this is not exactly the case. The truth is that if you really want to save, you will need to spend at least half an hour with each representative. This is actually a good thing, as you WANT them to walk you through every possible way you can save money with them. Here are the things you should be asking/ discussing: 1. Can I get a group discount? Some insurance companies offer group discounts. For example, when I bought a BMW, I received an offer from Liberty Mutual to enjoy its group discount for BMW owners. 2. If I insure all my vehicles AND my home with you, will I get a discount? Most insurance companies offer a discount if you carry more than one policy with them. 3. Do you offer a good driver discount? 4. Do you offer a Professional Group discount? – Some insurance companies offer a discount if you belong to certain professions – just because you belong to that profession, even if you don’t actually belong to any group or organization related to that profession. Next, go over the policy (whether an offer from one of the companies you talked with or your current policy), line by line, and make sure you do the following: 5. Raise your deductibles. The higher the deductible, the lower your monthly premium. I have raised our collision deductible to $1000 and our “other than collision” deductible to $500. 6. Do you NEED coverage for damage to your car? Liability coverage and uninsured motorists’ coverage are probably a must. But if your car is very old and very low in value, you could decide that you don’t really need to pay for damage to your car at all – whether collision or otherwise. 7. Do you need “transportation expenses?” I’ve decided that even if we can’t drive one of our cars, we’ll be able to manage without renting a car, so removed this section from the policy. I did however keep towing coverage. 8. How much do you drive? The default mileage on your policy is likely the average US mileage. If you drive less, your premium could be lower, especially if the car is classified as “pleasure use” rather than “commute.” 9. Make sure you get any vehicle discounts such as discounts for an anti-lock braking system, for anti-theft devices or for air bags. 10. Review your policy at each renewal. Tedious – yes. But important. Make sure that all your discounts still apply, and check to see if you may be eligible for additional discounts. I was able to save several hundred dollars in annual premiums after switching to a new insurance company and making sure I was receiving all the discounts. It didn’t take me fifteen minutes – it took several hours of research – but I think it was well worth it. Money Saving Tip: An incredibly effective way to save more is to reduce your monthly Internet and TV costs. Click here for the current Verizon FiOS promotion codes and promos to see if you can save more money every month from now on. Subscribe (and Get a Mini-Course Too!) Subscribe to our newsletter to grab free amazing content and have it delivered to you . A 7-part mini course to help you spend less and be happy will be sent to you when you subscribe, and you will also get an ever-expanding How to Save Money on Everything ebook. Alternatively, stay engaged in our discussions via our twitter and facebook pages . (Don't worry about spam, because we hate it as much as you do!) { read the comments below or add one }

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According to the nursery rhyme, who is to blow his horn, because the sheeps in the meadow and the cows in the corn?

Full text of "The nursery rhyme book" See other formats ft IC-vva3-: : '.- ; £v : ^T H ■ 1 ■■" 02*>0J£ "S&riW 2.1>$S& . B °° K 398.8.L25N c. 1 LANG # NURSERY RHYME BOOK 3 „ . II Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/nurseryrhymebook01lang The Nursery Rhyme Book OTHER CHILDREN'S BOOKS WITH DRAWINGS BY L. LESLIE BROOKE ORANGES AND LEMONS THE MAN IN THE MOON ARE ISSUED AS SEPARATE BOOKS IN PAPER COVERS Also in One Volutne NURSERY RHYME PICTURE BOOK CONTAINING THE ABOVE SELECTIONS THE THREE LITTLE PIGS TOM THUMB THE GOLDEN GOOSE THE THREE BEARS ARE ISSUED AS SEPARATE STORIES IN PAPER COVERS OR IN TWO VOLUMES IN ART BOARDS Also in One Volume THE GOLDEN GOOSE BOOK CONTAINING ALL THE ABOVE STORIES JOHNNY CROW'S GARDEN JOH NNY CROWS PA RTY In T-wo Volumes THE PELICAN CHORUS AND OTHER VERSES THE * JUMBLIES ■ AND OTHER ■ VERSES BY EDWARD LEAR Also in One Volume NONSENSE SONGS COMPRISING THE ABOVE TWO SELECTIONS THE HO USE IN THE W OOD THE TRUTH ABOUT OLD KING COLE BY G. F. HILL THE TAILOR & THE CROW PUBLISHED BY FREDERICK WARNE & CO. Copyright 1897 by F. 1 1 ante &• Co. LITTLE BO-PEEP THE NURSERY RHYME BOOK EDITED BY ANDREW LANG ILLUSTRATED BY L LESLIE BROOKE ?t LONDON-FREDERICK WARNE AND CO AND NEW YORK £^T Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Limited, Duke Street, Stamford Street, London, S. E. Pre/ace Copyright 1897 by F. Warne &■ Co. TO read the old Nursery Rhymes brings back queer lost memories of a man's own childhood. One seems to see the loose floppy picture-books of long ago, with their boldly coloured pictures. The books were tattered and worn, and my first library consisted of a wooden box full of these volumes. And I can remember being imprisoned for some crime in the closet where the box was, and how my gaolers found me, happy and impenitent, sitting on the box, with its contents all round me, reading. 8 Preface There was "Who Killed Cock Robin?" which I knew by heart before I could read, and I learned to read (entirely "without tears") by picking out. the letters in the familiar words. I remember the Lark dressed as a clerk, but what a clerk might be I did not ask. Other children, who are little now, will read this book, and remember it well when they have forgotten a great deal of history and geography. We do not know what poets wrote the old Nursery Rhymes, but certainly some of them were written down, or even printed, three hundred years ago. Grandmothers have sung them to their grandchil- dren, and they again to theirs, for many centuries. In Scotland an old fellow will take a child on his knee for a ride, and sing — " This is the way the ladies ride, Jimp and sma', — " a smooth ride, then a rough trot, — " This is the way the cadgers ride, Creels and a' ! " Preface 9 Such songs are sometimes not printed, but they are never forgotten. About the people mentioned in this book : — We do not exactly know who Old King Cole was, but King Arthur must have reigned some time about 500 to 600 a.d. As a child grows up, he will, if he is fond of poetry, read thousands of lines about this Prince, and the Table Round where his Knights dined, and how four weeping Queens carried him from his last fight to Aval on, a country where the apple-trees are always in bloom. But the reader will never forget the bag-pudding, which " the Queen next morning fried." Her name was Guinevere, and the historian says that she "was a true lover, and therefore made she a good end." But she had a great deal of unhappiness in her life. I cannot tell what King of France went up the hill with twenty thousand men, and did nothing when he got there. But I do know who Charley was that "loved good ale and wine," and also " loved good brandy," and was fond of a pretty io Preface girl, " as sweet as sugar-candy." This was the banished Prince of Wales, who tried to win back his father's kingdom more than a hundred years ago, and gained battles, and took cities, and would have recovered the throne if his officers had followed him. But he was as unfortunate as he was brave, and when he had no longer a chance, perhaps he did love good ale and wine rather too dearly. As for the pretty girls, they all ran after him, and he could not run away like Georgey Porgey. There is plenty of poetry about Charley, as well as about King Arthur. About King Charles the First, " upon a black horse," a child will soon hear at least as much as he can want, and perhaps his heart " will be ready to burst," as the rhyme says, with sorrow for the unhappy King. After he had his head cut off, "the Parliament soldiers went to the King," that is, to his son Charles, and crowned him in his turn, but he was thought a little too gay. Then we come to the King " who had a daughter fair, and gave the Prince of Orange her." Preface 11 There is another rhyme about him : — " O what's the rhyme to porringer ? Ken ye the rhyme to porringer ? King James the Seventh had ae dochter, And he gave her to an O ranger. Ken ye how he requited him ? Ken ye how he requited him ? The lad has into England come, And ta'en the crown in spite o' him. The dog, he shall na keep it lang, To flinch we'll make him fain again ; We'll hing him hie upon a tree, And James shall have his ain again.'* The truth is, that the Prince of Orange and the King's daughter fair (really a very pretty lady, with a very ugly husband) were not at all kind to the King, but turned him out of England. He was the grandfather of Charley who loved good ale and wine, and who very nearly turned out King Georgey Porgey, a German who " kissed the girls and made them cry," as the poet likewise says. Georgey was not a handsome King, and nobody cared much for him ; and if any poetry was made about him, it was 12 Preface very bad stuff, and all the world has forgotten it. He had a son called Fred, who was killed by a cricket-ball — an honourable death. A poem was made when Fred died : — " Here lies Fred, Who was alive and is dead. If it had been his father, I would much rather ; If it had been his brother, Still better than another ; If it had been his sister, No one would have missed her ; If it had been the whole gene= ration, So much the better for the nation. But as it's only Fred, Who was alive and is dead, Why there's no more to be said." h ^ Copyright 1897 by F. U'arne &■ Co. This poet seems to have preferred Charley, who wore a white rose in his bonnet, and was much handsomer than Fred. Another rhyme tells about Jim and George, and how Jim got George by the nose. This Jim was Preface 13 Charley's father, and the George whom he " got by the nose " was Georgey Porgey, the fat German. Jim was born on June 10 ; so another song says — " Of all the days that's in the year, The Tenth of June to me's most dear, When our White Roses will appear To welcome Jamie the Rover." But, somehow, George really got Jim by the nose, in spite of what the poet says ; for it does not do to believe all the history in song-books. After these songs there is not much really useful information in the Nursery Rhymes. Simple Simon was not Simon Fraser of Lovat, who was sometimes on Jim's side, and sometimes on George's, till he got his head cut off by King George. That Simon was not simple. The Babes in the Wood you may read about here and in longer poems ; for instance, in a book called "The Ingoldsby Legends." It was their wicked uncle who lost them in the wood, because he wanted their money. Uncles were exceedingly bad long ago, and often smothered their nephews in the 14 Preface Tower, or put out their eyes with red-hot irons. But now uncles are the kindest people in the world, as every child knows. About Brian O'Lin there is more than this book says : — " Brian O'Lin had no breeches to wear; He bought him a sheepskin to make him a pair, The woolly side out, and the other side in : * It's pleasant and cool,' says Brian O'Lin." He is also called Tom o' the Lin, and seems to have been connected with Young Tamlane, who was carried away by the Fairy Queen, and brought back to earth by his true love. Little Jack Horner lived at a place called Mells, in Somerset, in the time of Henry VIII. The plum he got was an estate which had belonged to the priests. I find nobody else here about whom history teaches us till we come to Dr. Faustus. He was not " a very good man " ; that is a mistake, or the poem was written by a friend of the Doctor's. In reality he was a wizard, and raised up Helen of Troy from the other world, the most beautiful woman who Preface 15 ever was seen. Dr. Faustus made an agreement with Bogie, who, after the Doctor had been gay for a long time, came and carried him off in a flash of fire. You can read about it all in several books, when you are a good deal older. Dr. Faustus was a German, and the best play about him is by a German poet. As to Tom the Piper's Son, he was probably the son of a Highlander, for they v/ere mostly on Charley's side, who was " Over the hills and far away." Another song says — " There was a wind, it came to me Over the south and over the sea, And it has blown my corn and hay- Over the hills and far away. But though it left me bare indeed, And blew my bonnet off my head, There's something hid in Highland brae, It has not blown my sword away. Then o'er the hills and over the dales, Over all England, and thro' Wales, The broadsword yet shall bear the sway, Over the hills and far away ! " Tom piped this tune, and pleased both the girls and boys. 16 Preface About the two birds that sat on a stone, on the " All-Alone Stone," you can read in a book called " The Water-Babies." Concerning the Frog that lived in a well, and how he married a King's daughter and was changed into a beautiful Prince, there is a fairy tale which an industrious child ought to read. The frog in the rhyme is not nearly so lucky. After these rhymes there come a number of riddles, of which the answers are given. Then there are charms, which people used to think would help in butter-making or would cure diseases. It is not generally thought now that they are of much use, but there can be no harm in trying. No- body will be burned now. for saying these charms, like the poor old witches long ago. The Queen Anne mentioned on page 172 was the sister of the other Princess who married the Prince of Orange, and she was Charley's aunt. She had seventeen children, and only one lived to be as old as ten years. He was a nice boy, and had a regiment of boy-soldiers. Preface 17 ''Hickory Dickory Dock" is a rhyme for count- ing out a lot of children. The child on whom the last word falls has to run after the others in the game of "Tig" or "Chevy." There is another of the same kind : — ■ " Onery Tvvoery Tickery Tin Alamacrack Tenamalin Pin Pan Musky Dan Tweedleum Twiddleum Twenty-one Black fish White trout Eery, Ory You are out." Most of the rhymes in this part of the book are sung in games and dances by children, and are very pretty to see and hear. They are very old, too, and in an old book of travels in England by a Danish gentleman, he gives one which he heard sung by i8 Preface children when Charles II. was king. They still sing it in the North of Scotland. In this collection there are nonsense songs to sing to babies to make them fall asleep. Bessy Bell and Mary Gray, on page 207, were two young ladies in Scotland long ago. The plague came to Perth, where they lived, so they built a bower in a wood, far off the town. But their lovers came to see them in the bower, and brought the infection of the plague, and they both died. There is a little churchyard and a ruined church in Scotland, where the people who died of the plague, more than two hundred years ago, were buried, and we used to believe that if the ground was stirred, the plague would fly out again, like a yellow cloud, and kill everybody. There is a French rhyme like " Blue - Eye Beauty "— " Les yeux bleus Vont aux cieux. Les yeux gris Vont a Paradis. Les yeux no'irs Vont a Purgatoire." Preface 19 None of the other rhymes seem to be anything but nonsense, and nonsense is a very good thing in its way, especially with pictures. Any child who likes can get Mrs. Markham's "History of England," and read about the Jims, and Georges, and Charleys, but I scarcely think that such children are very common. However, the facts about these famous people are told here shortly, and if there is any more to be said about Jack and Jill, I am sure. I don't know what it is, or where the hill they sat on is to be found in the geography books. Contents Copyright 1897 by F. Warne &• Co. I. Historical ..... Page 29 II. Literal and Scholastic 41 III. Tales ...... 53 IV. Proverbs ..... 75 V. Songs ...... 85 VI. Riddles and Paradoxes 121 VII. Charms and Lullabies i43 nu. Gaffers and Gammers . *53 IX. Games ..... 167 x. Jingles .... . 189 Contents Page XI. Love and Matrimony . . 197 XII. Natural History . . 217 XIII. Accumulative Stories . • 247 XIV. Relics . 26l Notes . , . . • 175 Index of First Lines • *79 Copyright 1897 by F. fVartie & Co, Frontispiece — Little Bo-Peep Title-Page Heading to Preface Medallion — Frederic. Walliae Princeps Tailpiece to Preface Heading to Contents Heading to List of Illustrations Title (Historical) Old King Cole .... Good King Arthur Page 4 5 7 12 19 21 23 29 3i 33 24 Illustrations Over the water to Charley Title (Literal and Scholastic) Great A, little a A was an archer ..... When he whipped them he made them dance Mistress Mary, how does your garden grow ? Title (Tales) .... The man in the moon . There was a crooked man Simple Simon met a pieman . He ran fourteen miles in fifteen days The lion and the unicorn His bullets were made of lead Went to sea in a bowl . He used to wear a long brown coat . Taffy came to my house and stole a piece of beef He caught fishes in other men's ditches Title (Proverbs) . To put 'em out's the only way When the wind is in the east Then 'tis at the very best Title (Songs) There I met an old man Says t'auld man tit oak tree Whenever they heard they began for to dance Page 36 4 1 43 45 48 50 53 55 57 59 61 62 64 ^ 70 72 73 75 77 80 81 85 87 91 95 Illustrations 25 Even pigs on their hind legs would after him prance So Doll and the cow danced "the Cheshire round" He'll sit in a barn .... Merry are the bells, and merry do they ring He rode till he came to my Lady Mouse hall Tailpiece ...... His mare fell down, and she made her will Three pretty girls were in them then Title (Riddles and Paradoxes) I went to the wood and got it Arthur O' Bower has broken his band Humpty Dumpty had a great fall . Elizabeth, Elspeth, Betsy, and Bess If all the world was apple-pie The man in the wilderness asked me Here am I, little jumping Joan Title (Charms and Lullabies) Cushy cow bonny, let down thy milk Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper Where's the peck of pickled pepper Hush-a-bye, baby . Home again, come again Title (Gaffers and Gammers) There was an old woman lived under a hill She had so many children she didn't know what to do Page 96 97 IOI 104 107 no "5 118 121 123 125 129 133 !35 !37 140 143 H5 146 147 149 151 153 155 "59 26 Illustrations He was dancing a jig . Title (Games) There were three jovial Welshmen Here comes a candle to light you to bed The Five Pigs Can I get there by candle-light ? Little Jackey shall have but a penny a day This is the way the ladies ride This is the way the gentlemen ride This is the way the farmers ride Title (Jingles) . Went to bed with his trousers on Hey ! diddle, diddle . The fly shall marry the humble-bee Title (Love and Matrimony) Jack fell down, and broke his crown A little boy and a little girl lived in an alley Tommy Snooks and Bessy Brooks Jack Sprat could eat no fat Betwixt them both, they lick'd the platter clean There I met a pretty miss Here comes a lusty wooer Title (Natural History) I sent him to the shop for a hap'orth of snuff Pussy-cat, pussv-cat, where have you been ? Page i6 5 167 169 174 177 183 185 187 187 187 189 191 193 195 197 199 201 203 206 207 209 21 1 217 219 221 Illustrations 27 Page Four-and- twenty tailors went to kill a snail . . 224 There was a piper, he'd a cow . . . .226 A long-tail'd pig s or a short-tail'd pig - „ 229 Dame, what makes your ducks to die ? . . .231 Little Tom Tinker's dog . . . . '233 Pussy and I very gently will play . . . .234 Lady bird, lady bird, fly away home . 235 I had a little hen, the prettiest ever seen . . 237 Higgley Piggley, my black hen . . . .238 He's under the hay-cock fast asleep . . .241 There I met an old man that would not say his prayers 243 She whipped him, she slashed him . . . .245 Title (Accumulative Stories) ..... 247 This is the house that Jack built . . . .249 The old woman and her pig . . . . .255 Title (Relics) 261 Willy boy, Willy boy, where are you going ? . . 263 What are little boys made of ? .... 265 Girls and boys, come out to play .... 267 DafFy-down-dilly has come up to town . . . 269 Barber, barber, shave a pig . . . .271 Wished to leap over a high gate . . . .273 Heading to Notes . . . . . -275 Heading to Index of First Lines . . ,279 The Nursery Rhyme Book ® I • Historical Copyright 1897 by F. ffartie &• Co. *■ 'ii i- i mm t ^mM mmmmm m gy&bN^s? Copyright 1897 by F. H-'ame & Co OLD King Cole Was a merry old soul, And a merry old soul was he ; He called for his pipe, And he called for his bowl, And he called for his fiddlers three. 32 The Nursery Rhyme Book Every fiddler, he had a fiddle, And a very fine fiddle had he ; Twee tweedle dee, tweedle dee, went the fiddlers. Oh, there's none so rare, As can compare With King Cole and his fiddlers three ! WHEN good King Arthur ruled this land, He was a goodly king ; He stole three pecks of barley- meal, To make a bag-pudding. A bag-pudding the king did make, And stufFd it well with plums . And in it put great lumps of fat, As big as my two thumbs. The king and queen did eat thereof, And noblemen beside ; And what they could not eat that night, The queen next morning fried. HE STOLE THREE PECKS OF BARLEY-MEAL The Nursery Rhyme Book 35 1HAD a little nut-tree, nothing would it bear But a silver nutmeg and a golden pear ; The King of Spain's daughter came to visit me, And all was because of my little nut-tree. I skipped over water, I danced over sea, And all the birds in the air couldn't catch me. T HE King of France, and four thousand men, They drew their swords, and put them up again. 'T^HE King of France went up the hill, 1 With twenty thousand men ; The King of France came down the hill 3 And ne'er went up again. PLEASE to remember The Fifth of November Gunpowder treason and plot ; I know no reason Why gunpowder treason Should ever be forgot. OVER the water, and over the sea, And over the water to Charley ; Charley loves good ale and wine, And Charley loves good brandy, And Charley loves a pretty girl, As sweet as sugar-candy. Over the water, and over the sea, And over the water to Charley ; I'll have none of your nasty beef, Nor I'll have none of your barley ; But I'll have some of your very best flour, To make a white cake for my Charley. 36 The Nursery Rhyme Book 37 AS I was going by Charing Cross, l I saw a black man upon a black horse ; They told me it was King Charles the First ; Oh, dear ! my heart was ready to burst ! HIGH diddle ding, Did you hear the bells ring ? The parliament soldiers are gone to the King ! Some they did laugh, some they did cry, To see the parliament soldiers pass by. HECTOR PROTECTOR was dressed all in green ; Hector Protector was sent to the Queen. The Queen did not like him, Nor more did the King ; So Hector Protector was sent back again. WHAT is the rhyme for poringer ? The King he had a daughter fair, And gave the Prince of Orange her. 38 The Nursery Rhyme Book AS I walked by myself, l And talked to myself, Myself said unto me, Look to thyself, Take care of thyself, For nobody cares for thee, I answered myself, And said to myself, In the self-same repartee, Look to thyself, Or not look to thyself, The self-same thing will be. POOR old Robinson Crusoe ! Poor old Robinson Crusoe \ They made him a coat Of an old nanny goat, I wonder how they could do so ! With a ring a ting tang, And a ring a ting tang, Poor old Robinson Crusoe ! The Nursery Rhyme Book 39 THERE was a monkey climbed up a tree, When he fell down, then down fell he. There was a crow sat on a stone, When he was gone, then there was none. There was an old wife did eat an apple, When she had eat two, she had eat a couple. There was a horse going to the mill, When he went on, he stood not still. There was a butcher cut his thumb, When it did bleed, then blood did come. There was a lackey ran a race, When he ran fast, he ran apace„ There was a cobbler clouting shoon, When they were mended, they were done. There was a chandler making candle, When he them strip, he did them handle c There was a navy went into Spain, When it returned, it came again. 40 The Nursery Rhyme Book JIM and George were two great lords, They fought all in a churn ; And when that Jim got George by the nose, Then George began to girn. SEE saw, sack-a-day ; Monmouth is a pretie boy, Richmond is another, Grafton is my onely joy ; And why should I these three destroy, To please a pious brother ! l 1 The boys are sons of Charles II. The pious brother is James, Duke of York LITERAL & SCHOLASTIC Jn^X ¥k GREAT A, little a, Bouncing B ! The cat's in the cupboard, And can't see me. 44 The Nursery Rhyme Book IF ifs and ands, Were pots and pans, There would be no need for tinkers! TELL tale, tit ! Your tongue shall be slit, And all the dogs in the town Shall have a little bit. BIRCH and green holly, boys, Birch and green holly. If you get beaten, boys, 'Twill be your own folly. COME when you're called Do what you're bid, Shut the door after you, Never be chid. The Nursery Rhyme Book 45 WAS an Archer, and shot at a frog, B was a Butcher, and had a great dog. C was a Captain, all covered with lace, D was a Drunkard, and had a red face. E was an Esquire, with pride on his brow, F was a Farmer, and followed the plough. G was a Gamester, who had but ill luck, H was a Hunter, and hunted a buck* I was an Innkeeper, who loved to bouse, J was a Joiner, and built up a house. K was King William, once governed this land, L was a Lady, who had a white hand. M was a Miser, and hoarded up gold, N was a Nobleman, gallant and bold, O was an Oyster Wench, and went about town, P was a Parson, and wore a black gown. Q was a Oueen, who was fond of good flip, R was a Robber, and wanted a whip, S was a Sailor, and spent all he got, 46 The Nursery Rhyme Book T was a Tinker, and mended a pot. U was an Usurer, a miserable elf, V was a Vintner, who drank all himself. W was a Watchman, and guarded the door, X was expensive, and so became poor, Y was a Youth, that did not love school, Z was a Zany, a poor harmless fool. A WAS an apple-pie ; B bit k; C cut it ; D dealt it ; E ate it ; F fought for it ; G got it ; H had it ; J joined it ; K kept it ; L longed for it ; M mourned for it ; N nodded at it ; O opened it ; The Nursery Rhyme Book 47 P peeped in it ; Q quartered it ; R ran for it ; S stole it ; T took it ; V viewed it ; W wanted it • X; Y, Z, and amperse-and, All wish'd for a piece in hand. PAT-A-CAKE, pat-a-cake, baker's man ! (So I will, master), as fast as I can : Pat it, and prick it, and mark it with T, Put in the oven for Tommy and me, MULTIPLICATION is vexation, Division is as bad ; The Rule of Three doth puzzle me, And Practice drives me mad. DOCTOR FAUSTUS was a good man, He whipt his scholars now and then ; When he whipp'd them he made them dance, Out of Scotland into France, Out of France into Spain, And then he whipp'd them back again ! The Nursery Rhyme Book 49 ADILLER, a dollar, A ten o'clock scholar, What makes you come so soon ? You used to come at ten o'clock, But now you come at noon. WHEN V and I together meet, They make the number Six compleat, When I with V doth meet once more, Then 'tis they Two can make but Four. And when that V from I is gone, Alas ! poor I can make but One. THIRTY days hath September, April, June, and November ; February has twenty-eight alone, All the rest have thirty-one, Excepting leap-year, that's the time When February's days are twenty-nine. 50 The Nursery Rhyme Book MISTRESS MARY, quite contrary, How does your garden grow ? With cockle-shells, and silver bells, And pretty maids all a row. The Nursery Rhyme Book 51 IN fir tar is, In oak none is, In mud eel is, In clay none is. Goat eat ivy, Mare eat oats. CROSS patch, Draw the latch, Sit by the fire and spin ; Take a cup, And drink it up, Then call your neighbours in. 1LOVE my love with an A, because he's Agreeable. I hate him because he's Avaricious. He took me to the Sign of the Acorn, And treated me with Apples. His name's Andrew, And he lives at Arlington. 52 The Nursery Rhyme Book ONE, two, Buckle my shoe ; Three, four, Shut the door ; Five, six, Pick up sticks ; Seven, eight, Lay them straight ; Nine, ten, A good fat hen ; Eleven, twelve, Who will delve ? Thirteen, fourteen, Maids a-courting ; Fifteen, sixteen, Maids a-kissing ; Seventeen, eighteen, Maid a-waiting ; Nineteen, twenty, My stomach's empty, Q Copyriglit 1897 by F. Warne &* Co. THE man in the moon, Came tumbling down, And ask'd his way to Norwich, He went by the south, And burnt his mouth With supping cold pease-porridge. 56 The Nursery Rhyme Book M y h, Y dear, do you know, 'ow a long time ago, Two poor little children, Whose names I don't know, Were stolen away on a fine summer's day, And left in a wood, as I've heard people say. And when it was night, So sad was their plight, The sun it went down, And the moon gave no light. They sobbed and they sighed, and they bitterly cried, And the poor little things, they lay down and died. And when they were dead, The Robins so red Brought strawberry-leaves And over them spread ; And all the day long They sung them this song : " Poor babes in the wood ! Poor babes in the wood ! And don't you remember the babes in the wood ? " ft A T HERE was a crooked man, and he went a crooked mile, He found a crooked sixpence against a crooked stile : He bought a crooked cat, which caught a crooked mouse, And they all lived together in a little crooked house. 57 h 58 The Nursery Rhyme Book SIMPLE SIMON met a pieman, Going to the fair ; Says Simple Simon to the pieman, "Let me taste your ware." Says the pieman to Simple Simon, "Show me first your penny." Says Simple Simon to the pieman, " Indeed I have not any." Simple Simon went a-fishing For to catch a whale : All the water he had got Was in his mother's pail ! I'LL tell you a story About Jack a Nory, — And now my story's begun : I'll tell you another About Jack his brother, — - And now my story's done. SIMPLE SIMON The Nursery Rhyme Book 61 THERE was a man, and he had nought, And robbers came to rob him ; He crept up to the chimney-pot, And then they thought they had him. But he got down on t' other side, And then they could not find him. He ran fourteen miles in fifteen days, And never looked behind him. THE lion and the unicorn Were fighting for the crown ; The lion beat the unicorn All round about the town. The Nursery Rhyme Book 63 Some gave them white bread, And some gave them brown; Some gave them plum-cake, And sent them out of town. THERE was a fat man of Bombay, Who was smoking one sunshiny day, When a bird, called a snipe, Flew away with his pipe, Which vexed the fat man of Bombay. TOM, Tom, the piper's son, Stole a pig, and away he run ! The pig was eat, and Tom was beat, And Tom went roaring down the street. BRYAN O'LIN, and his wife, and wife's mother, They all went over a bridge together ; The bridge was broken, and they all fell in, The deuce go with all ! quoth Bryan O'Lin. 6 4 The Nursery Rhyme Book THERE was a little man, And he had a little gun, And his bullets were made of C^aS-3 He went to the brook And saw a little duck, And he shot it right through the head head. head. He carried it home To his old wife Joan, And bid her a fire for to make, make, make ; To roast the little duck He had shot in the brook, And he'd go and fetch her the drake, drake, drake. THREE wise men of Gotham Went to sea in a bowl : And if the bowl had been stronger, My song would have been longer. M DOCTOR FOSTER went to Glo'ster In a shower of rain ; He stepped in a puddle, up to his middle^ And never went there again. 65 1 66 The Nursery Rhyme Book R OBIN the Bobbin, the big-bellied Ben, He ate more meat than fourscore men ; He ate a cow, he ate a calf, He ate a butcher and a half; He ate a church, he ate a steeple, He ate the priest and all the people ! A cow and a calf, An ox and a half, A church and a steeple, And all the good people, And yet he complained that his stomach wasn't full. ROBIN and Richard were two pretty men ; They laid in bed till the clock struck ten ; Then up starts Robin and looks at the sky, Oh ! brother Richard, the sun's very high : The bull's in the barn threshing the corn, The cock's on the dunghill flowing his horn, The cat's at the fire frying of fish, The dog's in the pantry breaking his dish. The Nursery Rhyme Book 67 OLD Mother Goose, when She wanted to wander, Would ride through the air On a very fine gander. Mother Goose had a house> 'Twas built in a wood, Where an owl at the door For sentinel stood. This is her son Jack, A plain-looking lad, He is not very good, Nor yet very bad. She sent him to market, A live goose he bought, Here, mother, says he, It will not go for nought. Jack's goose and her gander Grew very fond ; They'd both eat together, Or swim in one pond. 68 The Nursery Rhyme Book Jack found one morning, As I have been told, Hi: goose had laid him An egg of pure gold. Jack rode to his mother The news for to tell ; She call'd him a good boy, And said it was well. Jack sold his gold egg To a rogue of a Jew. Who cheated him out of The half of hie due. Then Jack went a-courting A lady so gay, As fair as the lily, And sweet as the May. The Jew and the Squire Came behind his back, And began to belabour The sides of poor Jack. The Nursery Rhyme Book 69 The old Mother Goose That instant came in, And turned her son Jack Into famed Harlequin. She then with her wand Touch'd the lady so fine, And turn'd her at once Into sweet Columbine. The gold egg into the sea Was thrown then, — When Jack jump'd in, And got the egg back again. The Jew got the goose, Which he vow'd he would kill, Resolving at once His pockets to fill. Jack's mother came in, And caught the goose soon, And mounting its back, Flew up to the moon. ' ' I - -'\>8$ OLD Abram Brown is dead and gone, You'll never see him more ; He used to wear a long brown coat, That button'd down before. The Nursery Rhyme Book "ji MY lady Wind, my lady Wind, Went round about the house to find A chink to get her foot in : She tried the key-hole in the door, She tried the crevice in the floor, And drove the chimney soot in. And then one night when it was dark, She blew up such a tiny spark, That all the house was pothered : From it she raised up such a flame, ; As flamed away to Belting Lane, And White Cross folks were smothered. And thus when once, my little dears, A whisper reaches itching ears, The same will come, you'll find : Take my advice, restrain the tongue, Remember what old nurse has sung Of busy lady Wind. PUNCH and Judy Fought for a pie ; Punch gave Judy A sad blow on the eye. 72 The Nursery Rhyme Book Copyright 1897 by F. IVarne & Co. TAFFY was a Welshman, Taffy was a thief; Taffy came to my house and stole a piece of beef : I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was not at home ; Taffy came to my house and stole a marrow- bone. The Nursery Rhyme Book 73 I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was not in ; Taffy came to my house and stole a silver pin : I went to Taffy's house, Taffy was in bed, I took up a poker and flung it at his head. LITTLE Tommy Tittlemouse -/ Lived in a little house ; He caught fishes In other men's ditches. 74 The Nursery Rhyme Book LITTLE Jack Horner sat in a corner, j Eating a Christmas pie ; He put in his thumb, and he pulled out a plum, And said, " What a good boy am I ! " SOLOMON GRUNDY, Born on a Monday, Christened on Tuesday, Married on Wednesday, Took ill on Thursday* Worse on Friday, Died on Saturday, Buried on Sunday : This is the end Of Solomon Grundy, PROVERBS Em TO make your candles last for a\ You wives and maids give ear-o ! To put 'em out's the only way, Says honest John Boldero. 77 78 The Nursery Rhyme Book ST. SWITHIN'S day, if thou dost rain, For forty days it will remain : St. Swithin's day, if thou be fair, For forty days 'twill rain na main IF wishes were horses, Beggars would ride ; If turnips were watches, I would wear one by my side. NATURE requires five, Custom gives seven ! Laziness takes nine, And Wickedness eleven. {Hours of Sleep. SEE a pin and pick it up, All the day you'll have good luck; See a pin and let it lay, Bad luck you'll have all the day ! The Nursery Rhyme Book 79 NEEDLES and pins, needles and pins, When a man marries his trouble begins. BOUNCE BUCKRAM, velvet's dear ; Christmas comes but once a year. A MAN of words and not of deeds, Is like a garden full of weeds ; And when the weeds begin to grow, It's like a garden full of snow ; And when the snow begins to fall, It's like a bird upon the wall ; And when the bird away does fly, It's like an eagle in the sky ; And when the sky begins to roar, It's like a lion at the door ; And when the door begins to crack. It's like a stick across your back ; And when your back begins to smart, It's like a penknife in your heart ; And when your heart begins to bleed, You're dead, and dead, and dead, indeed. 8o The Nursery Rhyme Book IF you sneeze on Monday, you sneeze for danger ; Sneeze on a Tuesday, kiss a stranger ; Sneeze on a Wednesday, sneeze for a letter ; Sneeze on a Thursday, something better ; Sneeze on a Friday, sneeze for sorrow ; Sneeze on a Saturday, see your sweetheart to-morrow. UL^ WHEN the wind is in the east, 'Tis neither good for man nor beast ; When the wind is in the north, The skilful fisher goes not forth ; The Nursery Rhyme Book 81 When the wind is in the south, It blows the bait in the fishes' mouth ; — -^---m^ When the wind is in the west, Then 'tis at the very best. HE that would thrive Must rise at five ; He that hath thriven May lie till seven ; And he that by the plough would thrive, Himself must either hold or drive.^7, "5 $ D^J? 82 The Nursery Rhyme Book A SWARM of bees in May Is worth a load of hay ; A swarm of bees in June Is worth a silver spoon ; A swarm of bees in July Is not worth a fly. YEOW mussent sing a' Sunday, Becaze it is a sin, But yeow may sing a' Monday Till Sunday cums agin. A SUNSHINY shower Won't last half an hour. FOR every evil under the sun, There is a remedy, or there is none. If there be one, try and find it ; If there be none, never mind it. The Nursery Rhyme Book 83 THE art of good driving's a paradox quite, Though custom has prov'd it so long ; If you go to the left, you're sure to go right, If you go to the right, you go wrong. A S the days lengthen, So the storms strengthen. THE fair maid who, the first of May, Goes to the fields at break of day, And washes in dew from the hawthorn tree, Will ever after handsome be. a FRIDAY night's dream, On the Saturday told, Is sure to come true, Be it never so old. ARLY to bed, and early to rise, Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 84 The Nursery Rhyme Book M ON DAY'S bairn is fair of face, Tuesday's bairn is full of grace, Wednesday's bairn is full of woe, Thursday's bairn has far to go, Friday's bairn is loving and giving, Saturday's bairn works hard for its living, But the bairn that is born on the Sabbath day Is bonny and blithe, and good and gay. FOR want of a nail, the shoe was lost ; For want of the shoe, the horse was lost ; For want of the horse, the rider was lost ; For want of the rider, the battle was lost ; For want of the battle, the kingdom was lost ; And all from the want of a horseshoe nail. M ARCH winds and April showers Bring forth May flowers. ONE misty moisty morning, When cloudy was the weather, There I met an old man Clothed all in leather ; 88 The Nursery Rhyme Book Clothed all in leather, With cap under his chin, — How do you do, and how do you do, And how do you do again ! $ THE fox and his wife they had a great strife, They never eat mustard in all their whole life ; They eat their meat without fork or knife, And loved to be picking a bone, e-ho ! The fox jumped up on a moonlight night ; The stars they were shining, and all things bright ; Oh, ho ! said the fox, it's a very fine night For me to go through the town, e-ho ! The fox when he came to yonder stile, He lifted his lugs and he listened a while ! Oh, ho ! said the fox, it's but a short mile From this unto yonder wee town, e-ho ! The fox when he came to the farmer's gate, Who should he see but the farmer's drake ; I love you well for your master's sake, And long to be picking your bone, e-ho ! The Nursery Rhyme Book 89 The grey goose she ran round the hay-stack, Oh, ho ! said the fox, you are very fat ; You'll grease my beard and ride on my back From this into yonder wee town, e-ho ! Old Gammer Hippie-hopple hopped out of bed, She opened the casement, and popped out her head ; Oh ! husband, oh ! husband, the grey goose is dead, And the fox is gone through the town, oh ! Then the old man got up in his red cap, And swore he would catch the fox in a trap ; But the fox was too cunning, and gave him the slip, And ran through the town, the town, oh ! When he got up to the top of the hill, He blew his trumpet both loud and shrill, For joy that he was safe Through the town, oh ! When the fox came back to his den, He had young ones both nine and ten " You're welcome home, daddy, you may go again, If you bring us such nice meat From the town, oh ! " M 90 The Nursery Rhyme Book M Y H f Y father he died, but I can't tell you how ; e left me six horses to drive in my plough : With my wing wang waddle oh, Jack sing saddle oh, Blowsey boys buble oh, Under the broom. I sold my six horses and I bought me a cow, I'd fain have made a fortune but did not know how : With my, &c. I sold my cow, and I bought me a calf; I'd fain have made a fortune, but lost the best half! With my, &c. I sold my calf, and I bought me a cat ; A pretty thing she was, in my chimney corner sat : With my, &c. I sold my cat, and bought me a mouse ; He carried fire in his tail, and burnt down my house : W r ith my, &c. P'l,//^^ SAYS t'auld man tit oak tree, Young and lusty was I when I kenn'd thee ; I was young and lusty, I was fair and clear, Young and lusty was I mony a lang year ; But sair fail'd am I, sair fail'd now, Sair fail'd am I sen I kenn'd thou. 92 The Nursery Rhyme Book POLLY put the kettle on, Polly put the kettle on, Polly put the kettle on, And let's drink tea. Sukey take it off again, Sukey take it off again, Sukey take it off again, They're all gone away BT LITTLE BO-PEEP has lost her sheep, -/ And can't tell where to find them ; Leave them alone, and they'll come home, And bring their tails behind them. Little Bo-peep fell fast asleep, And dreamt she heard them bleating ; But when she awoke, she found it a joke, For they were still a-fleeting. Then up she took her little crook, Determin'd for to find them ; She found them indeed, but it made her heart bleed, For they'd left all their tails behind 'em. The Nursery Rhyme Book 93 SING a song of sixpence, A bag full of rye ; Four and twenty blackbirds Baked in a pie ; When the pie was open'd, The birds began to sing ; Was not that a dainty dish, To set before the king ? The king was in his counting-house Counting out his money ; The queen was in the parlour- Eating bread and honey ; The maid was in the garden Hanging out the clothes, There came a little blackbird, And snapt off her nose. JOHNNY shall have a new bonnet, And Johnny shall go to the fair, And Johnny shall have a blue ribbon To tie up his bonny brown hair. 94 The Nursery Rhyme Book And why may not I love Johnny ? And why may not Johnny Jove me ? And why may not I love Johnny As well as another body ? And here's a leg for a stocking, And here is a leg for a shoe, And he has a kiss for his daddy, And two for his mammy, I trow. And why may not I love Johnny ? And why may not Johnny love me ? And why may not I love Johnny, As well as another body ? ELSIE MARLEY is grown so fine, She won't get up to serve the swine. But lies in bed till eight or nine, And surely she does take her time. And do you ken Elsie Marley, honey : The wife who sells the barley, honey ? She won't get up to serve her swine, And do you ken Elsie Marley, honey ? The Nursery Rhyme Book 95 TOM he was a piper's son, He learn'd to play when he was young, But all the tunes that he could play, Was " Over the hills and far away ; " Over the hills, and a great way off, And the wind will blow my top-knot off. Now Tom with his pipe made such a noise, That he pleas'd both the girls and boys, And they stopped to hear him play " Over the hills and far away." 96 The Nursery Rhyme Book Tom with his pipe did play with such skill, That those who heard him could never keep still ; Whenever they heard they began for to dance, Even pigs on their hind legs would after him prance. Copyright 1897 by F. Wanic & C As Dolly was milking her cow one day, Tom took out his pipe and began for to play ; So Doll and the cow danced " the Cheshire round," Till the pail was broke, and the milk ran on the ground. The Nursery Rhyme Book 97 He met old Dame Trot with a basket of eggs ; He used his pipe, and she used her legs ; She danced about till the eggs were all broke ; She began for to fret, but he laughed at the joke. He saw a cross fellow was beating an ass, Heavy laden with pots, pans, dishes, and glass ; He took out his pipe and played them a tune, And the jackass's load was lightened full soon. 98 The Nursery Rhyme Book LONDON BRIDGE is broken down, j Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; London Bridge is broken down, With a gay lady. How shall we build it up again ? Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; How shall we build it up again ? With a gay lady. Build it up with silver and gold, Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; Build it up with silver and gold, With a gay lady. Silver and gold will be stole away, Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; Silver and gold will be stole away, With a gay lady. Build it up with iron and steel, Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; Build it up with iron and steel, With a gay lady. The Nursery Rhyme Book 99 Iron and steel will bend and bow, Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; Iron and steel will bend and bow, With a gay lady. Build it up with wood and clay, Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; Build it up with wood and clay, With a gay lady. Wood and clay will wash away, Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; Wood and clay will wash away, With a gay lady. Build it up with stone so strong, Dance o'er my Lady Lee ; Huzza ! 'twill last for ages long, With a gay lady. I LOVE sixpence, pretty little sixpence, I love sixpence better than my life ; I spent a penny of it, I spent another, And took fourpence home to my wife. ioo The Nursery Rhyme Book Oh, my little fourpence, pretty little fourpence, I love fourpence better than my life ; I spent a penny of it, I spent another, And I took twopence home to my wife. Oh, my little twopence, my pretty little twopence, I love twopence better than my life ; I spent a penny of it, I spent another, And I took nothing home to my wife. Oh, my little nothing, my pretty little nothing, What will nothing buy for my wife ? I have nothing, I spend nothing, I love nothing better than my wife. HE north wind doth blow, And we shall have snow, And what will poor Robin do then? Poor thing ! T He'll sit in a barn, And to keep himself warm, Will hide his head under his wing. Poor thing ! HE'LL SIT IN A BARN. The Nursery Rhyme Book 103 A CARRION crow sat on an oak, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do, Watching a tailor shape his cloak ; Sing heigh ho, the carrion crow, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do. Wife, bring me my old bent bow, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do, That I may shoot yon carrion crow ; Sing heigh ho, the carrion crow, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do. The tailor he shot and missed his mark, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do, And shot his own sow quite through the heart ; Sing heigh ho, the carrion crow, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do. Wife, bring brandy in a spoon, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do, For our old sow is in a swoon ; Sing heigh ho, the carrion crow, Fol de riddle, lol de riddle, hi ding do. MERRY are the bells, and merry would they ring ; Merry was myself, and merry could I sing ; With a merry ding-dong, happy, gay, and free, And a merry sing-song, happy let us be ! Waddle goes your gait, and hollow are your hose ; Noddle goes your pate, and purple is your nose ; Merry is your sing-song, happy, gay, and free, W T ith a merry ding-dong, happy let us be ! The Nursery Rhyme Book 105 Merry have we met, and merry have we been ; Merry let us part, and merry meet again ; With our merry sing-song, happy, gay, and free, And a merry ding-dong, happy let us be ! H OT-CROSS Buns ! Hot-cross Buns ! One a penny, two a penny, Hot-cross Buns ! Hot-cross Buns ! Hot-cross Buns ! If ye have no daughters, Give them to your sons. THREE blind mice, see how they run ! They all ran after the farmer's wife, Who cut off their tails with the carving-knife Did you ever see such fools in your life ? Three blind mice. o 106 The Nursery Rhyme Book YOU shall have an apple, You shall have a plum, You shall have a rattle-basket. When your dad comes home. THERE was a frog liv'd in a well, Kitty alone, Kitty alone ; There was a frog liv'd in a well, Kitty alone, and I ! There was a frog liv'd in a well, And a farce l mouse in a mill ; Cock me cary, Kitty alone, Kitty alone and I. This frog he would a-wooing ride, Kitty alone, &c. ; This frog he would a-wooing ride 5 And on a snail he got astride, Cock me cary, &c. 1 Merry. He rode till he came to my Lady Mouse hall, Kitty alone, &c; He rode till he came to my Lady Mouse hall, And there he did both knock and call; Cock me cary, &c. The Nursery Rhyme Book 109 Quoth he, " Miss Mouse, I'm come to thee," Kitty alone, &c. ; Quoth he, " Miss Mouse, I'm come to thee, To see if thou canst fancy me ; " Cock me cary, &c. Quoth she, " Answer I'll give you none," Kitty alone, &c. ; Quoth she, " Answer I'll give you none, Until my uncle Rat come home ; " Cock me cary, &c. And when her uncle Rat came home, Kitty alone, &c. ; And when her uncle Rat came home, "Who's been here since I've been gone ? " Cock me cary, &c. "Sir, there's been a worthy gentleman," Kitty alone, &c. ; " Sir, there's been a worthy gentleman, That's been here since you've been gone ; " Cock me cary, &c. no The Nursery Rhyme Book The frog he came whistling through the brook, Kitty alone, &c. The frog he came whistling through the brook, And there he met with a dainty duck, Cock me cary, &c. This duck she swallow'd him up with a pluck, Kitty alone, Kitty alone ; This duck she swallow'd him up with a pluck, So there's an end of my history book. Cock me cary, Kitty alone, Kitty alone and I. The Nursery Rhyme Book in THERE were two birds sat on a stone, Fa, la, la, la, lal, de ; One flew away, and then there was one, Fa, la, la, la, lal, de ; The other flew after, and then there was none, Fa, la, la, la, lal, de ; And so the poor stone was left all alone, Fa, la, la, la, lal, de ! <§> WHERE are you going, my pretty maid ? " I'm going a-milking, sir," she said. " May I go with you, my pretty maid ? " " You're kindly welcome, sir," she said. " What is your father, my pretty maid ? " " My father's a farmer, sir," she said. "Say, will you marry me, my pretty maid? " Yes, if you please, kind sir," she said. " What is your fortune, my pretty maid ? " " My face is my fortune, sir," she said. " Then I can't marry you, my pretty maid ! " 'Nobody asked you, sir," she said. 112 The Nursery Rhyme Book THERE was a jolly miller Lived on the river Dee : He worked and sung from morn till niglr No lark so blithe as he ; And this the burden of his song For ever used to be — I jump mejerrime jee ! I care for nobody — no ! not I, Since nobody cares for me. IF I'd as much money as I could spend, I never would cry old chairs to mend ; Old chairs to mend, old chairs to mend, I never would cry old chairs to mend. If I'd as much money as I could tell, I never would cry old clothes to sell ; Old clothes to sell, old clothes to sell, I never would cry old clothes to sell. MY maid Mary She minds her dairy, While I go a-hoeing and mowing each morn, The Nursery Rhyme Book 113 Merrily run the reel And the little spinning-wheel Whilst I am singing and mowing my corn. UP at Piccadilly oh ! The coachman takes his stand, And when he meets a pretty girl, He takes her by the hand. Whip away for ever oh ! Drive away so clever oh ! All the way to Bristol oh ! He drives her four-in-hand. TACKY, come give me thy fiddle, J If ever thou mean to thrive : " " Nay ; I'll not give my fiddle To any man alive. " If I should give my fiddle, They'll think that I'm gone mad, For many a joyful day My fiddle and I have had." 114 The Nursery Rhyme Book I'LL sing you a song, Though not very long, Yet I think it as pretty as anv. Put your hand in your purse, You'll never be worse, And give the poor singer a penny. LITTLE Polly Flinders -/ Sat among the cinders, Warming her pretty little toes. Her mother came and caught her, And whipped her little daughter For spoiling her nice new clothes. JOHN COOK had a little grey mare; he, haw, hum ! Her back stood up, and her bones they were bare ; he, haw, hum ! John Cook was riding up Shuter's bank ; he, haw, hum ! And there his nag did kick and prank; he, haw, hum! The Nursery Rhyme Book 115 John Cook was riding up Shuter's hill; he, haw, hum ! His mare fell down, and she made her will ; he, haw, hum ! The bridle and saddle were laid on the shelf; he, haw, hum ! If you want any more you may sing it yourself; he, haw, hum ! li6 The Nursery Rhyme Book RIDE away, ride away, Johnny shall ride, And he shall have pussy-cat tied to one side, And he shall have little dog tied to the other, And Johnny shall ride to see his grandmother. THE Queen of Hearts, She made some tarts, All on a summer's day ; The Knave of Hearts, He stole those tarts, And took them clean away. The King of Hearts Called for the tarts, And beat the Knave full sore ; The Knave of Hearts Brought back the tarts, And vowed he'd steal no more. THERE was a little woman, as I've been told, Who was not very young, nor yet very old ; Now this little woman her living got, By selling codlins, hot, hot, hot. The Nursery Rhyme Book 117 DAME, get up and bake your pies, Bake your pies, bake your pies ; Dame, get up and bake your pies On Christmas Day in the morning. Dame, what makes your maidens Jie, Maidens lie, maidens lie ; Dame, what makes your maidens lie On Christmas Day in the morning ? Dame, what makes your ducks to die, Ducks to die, ducks to die ; Dame, what makes your ducks to die On Christmas Day in the morning ? Their wings are cut and they cannot fly, Cannot fly, cannot fly ; Their wings are cut and they cannot fly On Christmas Day in the morning. COLD and raw the north wind doth blow 5 Bleak in a morning early ; Ail the hills are covered with snow, And winter's now come fairly. n8 The Nursery Rhyme Book Copyright 1897 by F. ll'arne &• Ct SAW three ships come sailing by, Come sailing by, come sailing by ; The Nursery Rhyme Book 119 I saw three ships come sailing by, On New Year's Day in the morning. And what do you think was in them then, Was in them then, was in them then ? And what do you think was in them then, On New Year's Day in the morning ? Three pretty girls were in them then, Were in them then, were in them then ; Three pretty girls were in them then, On New Year's Day in the morning. And one could whistle, and one could sing, And one could play on the violin — Such joy there was at my wedding, On New Year's day in the morning. WEE Willie Winkie runs through the town, Upstairs and downstairs in his nightgown, Rapping at the window, crying through the lock> " Are the children in their beds, for now it's eight o'clock ? " 120 The Nursery Rhyme Book WHEN Little Fred was called to bed, He always acted right ; He kissed Mamma, and then Papa, And wished them all good night, He made no noise, like naughty boys, But gently upstairs Directly went, when he was sent, And always said his prayers, RIDDLES & PARADOXES I WENT to the wood and got it ; I sat me down and looked at it ; The more I looked at it the less I liked it ; And I brought it home because I couldn't help it. \_A thorn. 124 The Nursery Rhyme Book HICK-A-MORE, Hack-a-more, On the king's kitchen door ; All the king's horses, And all the king's men, Couldn't drive Hick-a-more, Hack-a-more, Off the king's kitchen door ! ^Sunshine. AS soft as silk, as white as milk, l As bitter as gall, a thick wall, And a green coat covers me all. \_A walnut. LONG legs, crooked thighs, j Little head, and no eyes. \_Pair of tongs. A RTHUR O'BOWER has broken his band, l\ He comes roaring up the land ; — The King of Scots, with all his power, Cannot turn Arthur of the Bower ! \_A storm of wind. ARTHUR O'BOWER HAS BROKEN HIS BAND The Nursery Rhyme Book 127 THERE was a king met a king In a narrow lane ; Says this king to that king, " Where have you been ? " " Oh ! I've been a hunting With my dog and my doe." " Pray lend him to me, That I may do so." " There's the dog take the dog." " What's the dog's name ? " " I've told you already." " Pray tell me again." IN marble walls as white as milk, Lined with a skin as soft as silk ; Within a fountain crystal clear, A golden apple doth appear. No doors there are to this stronghold. Yet things break in and steal the gold. 128 The Nursery Rhyme Book FLOUR of England, fruit of Spain, Met together in a shower of rain ; Put in a bag tied round with a string, If you'll tell me this riddle, I'll give you a ring. \_A plum-pudding. 1HAVE a little sister, they call her Peep, Peep ; She wades the waters deep, deep, deep ; She climbs the mountains high, high, high ; Poor little creature she has but one eye. \_A star. HIGGLEDY piggledy Here we lie, Pick'd and pluck'd, And put in a pie. My first is snapping, snarling, growling, My second's industrious, romping, and prowling. Higgledy piggledy Here we lie, Pick'd and pluck'd, And put in a pie. [Currants. HUMPTY DUMPTY sate on a wall ; Humpty Dumpty had a great fall ; Three score men and three score more Cannot place Humpty Dumpty as he was before, I \_ An e gg- T HIRTY white horses upon a red hill, Now they tramp, now they champ, now they Standstill. {Teeth and gums. 130 The Nursery Rhyme Book THOMAS A TATTAMUS took two T's, To tie two tups to two tall trees, To frighten the terrible Thomas a Tattamus ! Tell me how many T's there are in all that. OLD mother Twitchett had but one eye, And a long tail which she let fly ; And every time she went over a gap, She left a bit of her tail in a trap. \_A needle and thread. ® LITTLE Nancy Etticoat y In a white petticoat, And a red rose. The longer she stands The shorter she grows. {A candle. BLACK we are but much admired ; Men seek for us till they are tired. We tire the horse, but comfort man ; Tell me this riddle if you can. [Coals, The Nursery Rhyme Book 131 THERE were three sisters in a hall ; There came a knight amongst them all : Good morrow, aunt, to the one ; Good morrow, aunt, to the other ; Good morrow, gentlewoman, to the third ; If you were my aunt, As the other two be, I would say good morrow, Then, aunts, all three. &. FORMED long ago, yet made to-day, Employed while others sleep ; What few would like to give away, Nor any wish to keep. \_A Bed. AS I was going to St. Ives, L I met a man with seven wives ; Every wife had seven sacks, Every sack had seven cats, Every cat had seven kits : Kits, cats, sacks, and wives, How many were there going to St. Ives r 132 The Nursery Rhyme Book AS I went through the garden gap, A Who should I meet but Dick Red-cap ! A stick in his hand, a stone in his throat, If you'll tell me this riddle, I'll give you a groat. \__A cherry* AS I was going o'er Westminster bridge, L I met with a Westminster scholar ; He pulled off his cap, an' drew off his glove, And wished me a very good morrow. What is his name ? TWO legs sat upon three legs, With one leg in his lap ; In comes four legs, And runs away with one leg. Up jumps two legs, Catches up three legs, Throws it after four legs, And makes him bring bacJc one leg. [One leg is a leg of mutton ; two legs, a man ; three legs, a stool ; four legs, a dog. Copyright 1897 by F. U'arne &• Co. F7LIZABETH, Elspeth, Betsy, and i J^ C Bess, i^^Jp They all went together to seek a bird's nest. They found a bird's nest with five eggs in, They all took one, and left four in. THERE was a man of Thessaly, And he was wond'rous wise ; He jump'd into a quickset hedge, And scratch'd out both his eyes. But when he saw his eyes were out, With all his might and main He jump'd into another hedge, And scratch'd 'em in again. 134 The Nursery Rhyme Book T WOULD if I cou'd, 1 If I cou'dn't, how cou'd I ? I cou'dn't, without I cou'd, cou'd I ? Cou'd you, without you cou'd, cou'd ye ? Cou'd ye, cou'd ye ? Cou'd you, without you cou'd, cou'd ye ? a THREE children sliding on the ice Upon a summer's day, As it fell out, they all fell in, The rest they ran away. Now had these children been at home, Or sliding on dry ground, Ten thousand pounds to one penny They had not all been drown'd. You parents all that children have, And you that have got none, If you would have them safe abroad, Pray keep them safe at home. The Nursery Rhyme Book 135 IF all the world was apple-pie, And all the sea was ink, And all the trees were bread and cheese. What should we have for drink ? 136 The Nursery Rhyme Book PETER WHITE will ne'er go right. Would you know the reason why ? He follows his nose where'er he goes, And that stands all awry. THERE was a little Guinea-pig, Who, being little, was not big ; He always walked upon his feet, And never fasted when he eat. When from a place he ran away, He never at that place did stay ; And while he ran, as I am told, He ne'er stood still for young or old. He often squeak'd and sometimes vi'lent, And when he squeak'd he ne'er was silent ; Though ne'er instructed by a cat, He knew a mouse was not a rat. One day, as I am certified, He took a whim and fairly died ; And, as I'm told by men of sense, He never has been living since. "^HE man in the wilderness asked me A How many strawberries grew in the sea, I answered him as I thought good, As many as red herrings grew in the wood, 137 138 The Nursery Rhyme Book M Y true love lives far from me, Perrie, Merrie, Dixie, Dominie. Many a rich present he sends to me, Petrum, Partrum, Paradise, Temporie, Perrie, Merrie, Dixie, Dominie. He sent me a goose without a bone ; He sent me a cherry without a stone. Petrum, &c. He sent me a Bible no man could read ; He sent me a blanket without a thread. Petrum, Sec. How could there be a goose without a bone ? How could there be a cherry without a stone ? Petrum, &c. How could there be a Bible no man could read ? How could there be a blanket without a thread r Petrum, &c. When the goose is in the egg-shell, there is no bone ; When the cherry is in the blossom, there is no stone. Petrum, &c. The Nursery Rhyme Book 139 When the Bible is in the press no man it can read ; When the wool is on the sheep's back, there is no thread. Petrum, &c. I SAW a ship a-sailing, A-sailing on the sea ; And, oh ! it was all laden With pretty things for thee ! There were comfits in the cabin, And apples in the hold The sails were made of silk, And the masts were made of gold. The four-and-twenty sailors That stood between the decks, Were four-and-twenty white mice With chains about their necks. The captain was a duck, With a packet on his back ; And when the ship began to move, The captain said, "Quack ! quack ! " .few- Sfc/,'* W' ESI H ERE am I, little jumping Joan, When nobody's with me, I'm always alone. o THAT I was where I would be, Then would I be where I am not ! But where I am there I must be, And where I would be I cannot. The Nursery Rhyme Book 141 TOBACCO reek ! tobacco reek ! When you're well, 'twill make you sick. Tobacco reek ! tobacco reek ! Twill make you well when you are sick. Q THERE was an old woman, and what do you think ? She lived upon nothing but victuals and drink : Victuals and drink were the chief of her diet ; This tiresome old woman could never be quiet. Q [Mind your punctuation. ] I SAW a peacock with a fiery tail, I saw a blazing comet drop down hail, I saw a cloud wrapped with ivy round, I saw an oak creep upon the ground, I saw a pismire swallow up a whale, I saw the sea brimful of ale, I saw a Venice glass full fifteen feet deep, I saw a well full of men's tears that weep, 142 The Nursery Rhyme Book I saw red eyes all of a flaming fire, I saw a house bigger than the moon and higher, I saw the sun at twelve o'clock at night, I saw the man that saw this wondrous sight. THERE was a man and he was mad, And he jump'd into a pea-swad ; * The pea-swad was over-full, So he jump'd into a roaring bull ; The roaring bull was over-fat, So he jump'd into a gentleman's hat : The gentleman's hat was over-fine, So he jump'd into a bottle of wine ; The bottle of wine was over-dear, So he jump'd into a bottle of beer ; The bottle of beer was over-thick, So he jump'd into a club-stick ; The club-stick was over-narrow, So he jump'd into a wheel-barrow ; The wheel-barrow began to crack, So he jump'd on to a hay-stack ; The hay-stack began to blaze, So he did nothing but cough and sneeze ! 1 The pod or shell of a pea. CHARMS & LULLABIES CUSHY cow bonny, let down thy milk, And I will give thee a gown of silk ; A gown of silk and a silver tee, If thou wilt let down thy milk to me. 146 The Nursery Rhyme Book F you love me, pop and fly ; If you hate me, lie and die. [Said to pips placed in thejire ; a species of divination practised by children. PETER PIPER picked a peck of pickled pepper ; A peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked ; The Nursery Rhyme Book 147 If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper, Where's the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked ? ^3" M ATTHEW, Mark, Luke, and John, Guard the bed that I lay on ! Four corners to my bed, Four angels round my head ; One to watch, one to pray, And two to bear my soul away ! COME, butter, come, Come, butter, come ! Peter stands at the gate, Waiting for a butter'd cake ; Come, butter, come ! 148 The Nursery Rhyme Book BYE, baby bunting, Daddy's gone a hunting, To get a little hare's skin To wrap a baby bunting in. HUSHY baby, my doll, I pray you don't cry, And I'll give you some bread and some milk by-and-by ; Or perhaps you like custard, or maybe a tart, — Then to either you're welcome, with all my whole heart. DANCE to your daddy, My little babby ; Dance to your daddy, My little lamb. You shall have a fishy, In a little dishy ; You shall have a fishy When the boat comes in. HUSH-A-BYE, baby, on the tree top ; When the wind blows, the cradle will rock; When the bough bends, the cradle will fall ; Down will come baby, bough, cradle, and all. RABBIT, rabbit, rabbit-pie ! Come, my ladies, come and buy, Else your babies they will cry. 150 The Nursery Rhyme Book HEY, my kitten, my kitten, And hey, my kitten, my deary ! Such a sweet pet as this Was neither far nor neary. Here we go up, up, up, And here we go down, down, downy ; And here we go backwards and forwards, And here we go round, round, roundy. Y OUNG lambs to sell ! Young lambs to sell ! If Td as much money as I can tell, I never would cry, Young lambs to sell ! ROCK-A-BYE, baby, thy cradle is green ; Father's a nobleman, mother's a queen ; And Betty's a lady, and wears a gold ring ; And Johnny's a drummer, and drums for the king, uu* TO market, to market, To buy a plum bun ; Home again, come again, Market is done. 152 The Nursery Rhyme Book HICKUP, hickup, go away ! Come again another day ; Hickup, hickup, when I bake, I'll give to you a butter-cake. @ HICKUP, snicup, Rise up, right up, Three drops in the cup Are good for the hiccup. SWAN swam over the sea — * Swim, swan, swim, Swan swam back again, Well swam swan. GAFFERS 6 GAMMERS THERE was an old woman Lived under a hill, And if she's not gone She lives there still. 155 156 The Nursery Rhyme Book THERE was an old woman, as I've heard tell, She went to market her eggs for to sell ; She went to market all on a market-day, And she fell asleep on the king's highway. There came by a pedlar whose name was Stout ; He cut her petticoats all round about ; He cut her petticoats up to the knees, Which made the old woman to shiver and freeze : When this little woman first did wake, She began to shiver and she began to shake ; She began to wonder and she began to cry, " Oh ! deary, deary me, this is none of I ! " But if it be I, as I do hope it be, Fve a little dog at home, and he'll know me ; If it be I, he'll wag his little tail, And if it be not I, he'll loudly bark and wail." Home went the little woman all in the dark ; Up got the little dog, and he began to bark ; He began to bark, so she began to cry, " Oh ! deary, deary me, this is none of 1 1 " The Nursery Rhyme Book 157 OLD woman, old woman, shall we go a shearing?" " Speak a little louder, sir, I am very thick of hearing." " Old woman, old woman, shall I love you dearly ? " "Thank you, kind sir, I hear you very clearly." & THERE was an old woman toss'd up in a basket Nineteen times as high as the moon ; Where she was going I couldn't but ask it, For in her hand she carried a broom. " Old woman, old woman, old woman," quoth L " O whither, O whither, O whither, so high?" "To brush the cobwebs off the sky ! " " Shall I go with thee ? " " Ay, by-and-by." A LITTLE old man and I fell out ; " How shall we bring this matter about ? ,: " Bring it about as well as you can ; Get you gone, you little old man ! " 158 The Nursery Rhyme Book THERE was an old woman of Leeds Who spent all her time in good deeds; She worked for the poor Till her fingers were sore, This pious old woman of Leeds ! THERE was an old woman Lived under a hill ; She put a mouse in a bag, And sent it to mill. The miller declared By the point of his knife, He never took toll Of a mouse in his life. THERE was an old woman who lived in a shoe ; She had so many children she didn't know what to do ; She gave them some broth without any bread ; She whipped them all soundly and put them to bed. SHE HAD SO MANY CHILDREN SHE DIDN'T KNOW WHAT TO DO Copyright 1897 by F. Warm &• Co The Nursery Rhyme Book 161 THERE was an old woman had three sons, Jerry, and James, and John : Jerry was hung, James was drowned, John was lost and never was found, And there was an end of the three sons. Jerry, and James, and John ! THERE was an old man of Tobago, Who lived on rice, gruel, and sago, Till, much to his bliss, His physician said this — ( 'To a leg, sir, of mutton you may go." THERE was an old woman of Norwich, Who lived upon nothing but porridge ; Parading the town, She turned cloak into gown, This thrifty old woman of Norwich. 162 The Nursery Rhyme Book THERE was an old woman called Nothing-at-all, Who rejoiced in a dwelling exceedingly small ; A man stretched his mouth to its utmost extent, And down at one gulp house and old woman went. THERE was an old man> And he had a calf, And that's half; He took him out of the stall, And put him on the wall ; And that's all. o LD Betty Blue Lost a holiday shoe, What can old Betty do ? Give her another To match the other, And then she may swagger in two. The Nursery Rhyme Book 163 OLD Mother Hubbard Went to the cupboard To get her poor dog a bone ; But when she came there The cupboard was bare, And so the poor dog had none. She went to the baker's To buy him some bread, But when she came back The poor dog was dead. She went to the joiner's To buy him a coffin, But when she came back The poor dog was laughing. She took a clean dish To get him some tripe, But when she came back He was smoking his pipe. She went to the fishmonger's To buy him some fish And when she came back He was licking the dish, 164 The Nursery Rhyme Book She went to the ale-house To get him some beer, But when she came back The dog sat in a chair. She went to the tavern For white wine and red, But when she came back The dog stood on his head, She went to the hatter's To buy him a hat, But when she came back He was feeding the cat, She went to the barber's To buy him a wig, But when she came back He was dancing a jig. She went to the fruiterer's To buy him some fruit, But when she came back He was playing the flute. .She went to the tailor's To buy him a coat, But when she came back He was riding a goat* . i6 5 166 The Nursery Rhyme Book She went to the cobbler's To buy him some shoes, But when she came back He was reading the news. She went to the sempstress To buy him some linen, But when she came back The dog was spinning. She went to the hosier's To buy him some hose, But when she came back He was dress'd in his clothes. The dame made a curtsey, The dog made a bow ; The dame said, ''Your servant,' The dog said, Ct Bow, wow." THERE were three jovial Welshmen, As I have heard them say, And they would go a-hunting Upon St. David's day. All the day they hunted, And nothing could they find But a ship a-sailing, A-sailing with the wind. 169 170 The Nursery Rhyme Book One said it was a ship ; The other he said nay ; The third said it was a house, With the chimney blown away. And all the night they hunted, And nothing could they find But the moon a-gliding, A-gliding with the wind. One said it was the moon ; The other he said nay ; The third said it was a cheese, And half o't cut away. And all the day they hunted, And nothing could they find But a hedgehog in a bramble-bush 3 And that they left behind. The first said it was a hedgehog ; The second he said nay ; The third it was a pin- cushion, And the pins stuck in wrong way. The Nursery Rhyme Book 171 And all the night they hunted, And nothing could they find But a hare in a turnip field, And that they left behind. The first said it was a hare ; The second he said nay ; The third said it was a calf, And the cow had run away. And all the day they hunted, And nothing could they find But an owl in a holly-tree, And that they left behind. One said it was an owl ; The other he said nay ; The third said 'twas an old man, And his beard growing grey. TACK, be nimble, J And, Jack, be quick 5 And, Jack, jump over The candlestick, 172 The Nursery Rhyme Book QUEEN ANNE, Queen Anne, you sit in the sun, As fair as a lily, as white as a wand. I send you three letters, and pray read one ; You must read one, if you can't read all ; So pray, Miss or Master, throw up the ball. [Children hunting bats,] BAT, bat (clap hands), 1 Come under my hat, And I'll give you a slice of bacon ; And when I bake, I'll give you a cake, If I am not mistaken. [At the conclusion, the captive is privately asked if he will have oranges or lemons [the tivo leaders of the arch having previously agreed 'which designation shall belona to each), and he goes behind the one he may chance to name. When all are thus divided into tivo parties, they conclude the game by trying to pull each other beyond a certain line.~\ GAY go up and gay go down, To ring the bells of London town. Bull's eyes and targets, Say the bells of St. Marg'ret's. The Nursery Rhyme Book 173 Brickbats and tiles, Say the bells of St. Giles'. Halfpence and farthings, Say the bells of St. Martin s. Oranges and lemons, Say the bells of St. Clement's. Pancakes and fritters, Say the bells of St. Peter's. Two sticks and an apple, Say the bells at Whitechapel. Old Father Baldpate, Say the slow bells at Aldgate. You owe me ten shillings, Say the bells at St. Helen's. Pokers and tongs, Say the bells at St. John's. Kettles and pans, Say the bells at St. Ann's. 174 The Nursery Rhyme Book When will you pay me ? Say the bells at Old Bailey. When I grow rich, Say the bells at Shoreditch. Pray when will that be ? Say the bells of Stepney. I am sure I don't know, Says the great bell at Bow. Here comes a candle to light you to bed, And here comes a chopper to chop off your head. \ v \Y/'/k Copyright 1897 by F. JVarne & Co. The Nursery Rhyme Book 175 [Game on a child's features,] HERE sits the Lord Mayor ; [Forehead. Here sit his two men ; [Eyes. Here sits the cock ; [Right cheek, Here sits the hen ; [Left cheek Here sit the little chickens \ [Tip of nose. Here they run in, [Mouth. Chinchopper, chinchopper, Chinch opper, chin ! [Chuck the ch'uu DANCE, Thumbkin, dance ; [Keep the thumb in motion. Dance, ye merrymen, every one ; [All the fingers in motion. For Thumbkin, he can dance alone, [The thumb only moving. Thumbkin, he can dance alone; [Ditto. Dance, Foreman, dance, [The first finger moving. Dance, ye merrymen, every one ; [The whole moving. But, Foreman, he can dance alone, Foreman, he can dance alone. [And so on -with the others, naming the second finger " Longman? the third finger " Ringman? and the fourth finger " Littlemany Littleman cannot dance alone.) 176 The Nursery Rhyme Book [Children stand round, and are counted one by one, by means of this rhyme. The child upon ivhom the last number falls is out, for " Hide or See£," or any other game ivhere a victim is required.} HICKORY (1), Dickory (2), Dock (3), The mouse ran up the clock (4) ; The clock struck one (5) ; The mouse was gone (6) ; (7)> u ( 8 )> T (9)' s P ells 0UT J a [A game at bull.} CUCKOO, cherry-tree, Catch a bird, and give it to me ; Let the tree be high or low, Let it hail, rain, or snow. [A song set tofvefngers. - ] 1. '"T^HIS pig went to market ; 1 2. This pig stayed at home; 3. This pig had a bit of meat, 4. And this pig had none ; 5. This pig said, " Wee, wee, wee ! I can't find my way home." THE FIVE PIGS The Nursery Rhyme Book 179 [A play 'with the face. The child exclaims ;] RING the bell ! [Giving a lock of its hair a pull. Knock at the door ! [Tapping its forehead. Draw the latch ! [Pulling up its nose. And Walk in ! [Opening its mouth and putting in itsjinger. [Game ivith the hands. ] PEASE-PUDDING hot Pease-pudding cold, Pease-pudding in the pot, Nine days old. Some like it hot, Some like it cold, Some like it in the pot ? Nine days old. IS John Smith within ? M - " Yes, that he is." " Can he set a shoe ? " — " Ay, marry, two, Here a nail, there a nail, Tick, tack, too." i8o The Nursery Rhyme Book i . WENT up one pair of stairs. 1 2. Just like me. I. I went up two pair of stairs. 2. Just like me. i. I went into a room. 2. Just like me. I. I looked out of a window. 2. Just like me. I. And there I saw a monkey. 2. Just like me. 1AM a gold lock. 2. I am a gold key. I am a silver lock. 2. I am a silver key, I am a brass lock. 2. I am a brass key, I am a lead lock. 2. I am a lead key. I am a monk lock. 2. I am a monk key ! The Nursery Rhyme Book 181 Suitors. W E are three brethren out of Spain, Come to court your daughter Jane. Mother. My daughter Jane she is too young. And has not learned her mother-tongue. Suitors. Be she young, or be she old, For her beauty she must be soldo So fare you well, my lady gay, We'll call again another day. Mother. Turn back, turn back, thou scornful knight, And rub thy spurs till they be bright. Suitors. Of my spurs take you no thought, For in this town they were not bought ; So fare you well, my lady gay, We'll call again another day. 182 The Nursery Rhyme Book Mother. Turn back, turn back, thou scornful knight, And take the fairest in your sight. Suitor. The fairest maid that I can see, Is pretty Nancy — come to me. Here comes your daughter safe and sound, Every pocket with a thousand pound, Every finger with a gay gold ring. Please to take your daughter in. RIDE a cock-horse to Banbury Cross, To buy little Johnny a galloping-horse ; It trots behind, and it ambles before, And Johnny shall ride till he can ride no more. RIDE a cock-horse to Banbury Cross, To see what Tommy can buy ; A penny white loaf, a penny white cake, And a twopenny apple-pie. The Nursery Rhyme Book 183 [The following is a game played thus: A string of boys and girls, each holding by his predecessor's skirts, approaches ttuo others, ivho iviih joined and elevated hands form a double arch. After the dialogue, the line passes through, and the last ii caught by a sudden loivering of the arms — if possible. ~\ HOW many miles is it to Babylon ? " — " Threescore miles and ten." " Can I get there by candle-light ? "— " Yes, and back again ! If your heels are nimble and light, You may get there by candle-light," 184 The Nursery Rhyme Book RIDE a cock-horse to Banbury Cross, To see an old lady upon a white horse ; Rings on her fingers, and bells on her toes, And so she makes music wherever she goes. [A string of children, hand in hand, stand in a rotv. A child (a) stands in front of them, as leader ; tivo other children (b and c) form an arch, each holding both the hand': of the other, ] a. T^v RAW a pail of water JLy For my lady's daughter. My father's a king, and my mother's a queen ; My two little sisters are dress'd in green, Stamping grass and parsley, Marigold leaves and daisies. One rush, two rush, Pray thee, fine lady, come under my bush. [a passes by under the arch,folloived by the tuhole string of children, the last of •whom is taken captive by B and C. The verses are repeated, until all are taken. - ] SEE-SAW sacradown, Which is the way to London town / One foot up and the other down, And that is the way to London town. The Nursery Rhyme Book 185 SEE, saw, Margery Daw Sold her bed and lay upon straw,. Was not she a dirty slut, To sell her bed and lie in the dirt ! '■" f' ' r , .":■■%.■, y\s ■v-'' 11 ,#K" "■\ ltf . v "%' v f" fe ■■•■ ^■',2*1 ^v. t^;>V r *»;W Wl- ■ ■*- SEE, saw, Margery Daw, Little Jackey shall have a new master; Little Jackey shall have but a penny a day, Because he can't work any faster. 2 A 186 The Nursery Rhyme Book [The following is used by schoolboys, tvhen tzvo are starting to run a race.] NE to make ready, And two to prepare ; Good luck to the rider, And away goes the mare. o [A game on the slate.~\ EGGS, butter, bread, Stick, stock, stone dead ! Stick him up, stick him down, Stick him in the old man's crown ! WHO goes round my house this night ? None but bloody Tom ! Who steals all the sheep at night ? None but this poor one. WHOOP, whoop, and hollow, Good dogs won't follow, Without the hare cries " Pee-wit." The Nursery Rhyme Book 187 THIS is the way the ladies ride: Tri, tre, tre, tree, Tri, tre, tre, tree ! This is the way the ladies ride : Tri, tre, tre, tre, tri-tre-tre- tree ! This is the way the gentlemen ride : Gallop-a-trot, Gallop-a-trot ! This is the way the gentlemen ride : Gallop-a-gallop-a-trot ! This is the way the farmers ride : Hobbledy-hoy, Hobbledy-hoy ! This is the way the farmers ride : Hobbledy hobbledy-hoy ! 188 The Nursery Rhyme Book HERE stands a post. Who put it there ? " " A better man than you : Touch it if you dare ! " THERE were two blackbirds Sitting on a hill, The one nam'd Jack, The other nam'd Jill Fly away Jack ! Fly away Jill ! Come again Jack ! Come again Jill ! JINGLES ffl] DEEDLE, deedle, dumpling, my son John Went to bed with his trousers on ; One shoe off, the other shoe on, Deedle, deedle, dumpling, my son John. 192 The Nursery Rhyme Book COCK-a-doodle-doo ! My dame has lost her shoe ; My master's lost his fiddling-stick, And don't know what to do. Cock-a-doodle-doo ! What is my dame to do ? Till master finds his fiddling-stick, She'll dance without her shoe. Cock-a-doodle-doo ! My dame has lost her shoe, And master's found his fiddling-stick ; Sing doodle-doodle-doo ! Cock-a-doodle-doo ! My dame will dance with you, While master fiddles his fiddling-stick, For dame and doodle-doo. Cock-a-doodle-doo ! Dame has lost her shoe ; Gone to bed and scratch'd her head, And can't tell what to do. Copyright 1897 by F. J!"ar?te & Co. HEY ! diddle, diddle, The cat and the fiddle, The cow jumped over the moon ; The little dog laugh'd To see the sport, While the dish ran after the spoon. 193 2 B 194 The Nursery Rhyme Book PUSSICAT, wussicat, with a white foot, . When is your wedding ? for I'll come to't. The beer's to brew, the bread's to bake, Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, don't be too late, DING, dong, bell, Pussy's in the well ! Who put her in ? — Little Tommy Lin. Who pulled her out ? — Dog with long snout. What a naughty boy was that To drown poor pussy-cat, Who never did any harm, But kill'd the mice in his father's barn. a DIDDLEDY, diddledy 5 dumpty ; The cat ran up the plum-tree. I'll lay you a crown I'll fetch you down ; So diddledy, diddledy, dumpty. FIDDLE-DE-DEE, fiddle-de-dee, The fly shall marry the humble-bee. They went to the church, and married was she The fly has married the humble-bee. TO market, to market, to buy a fat pig ; Home again, home again, dancing a jig, Ride to the market to buy a fat hog ; Home again, home again, jiggety-jog. 196 The Nursery Rhyme Book HANDY SPANDY, Jack-a-dandy, Loved plum-cake and sugar-candy ; He bought some at a grocer's shop, And out he came, hop, hop, hop. TWEEDLE-DUM and Tweedle-dee Resolved to have a battle For Tweedle-dum said Tweedle-dee Had spoiled his nice new rattle c Just then flew by a monstrous crow As big as a tar-barrel, Which frightened both the heroes so They quite forgot their quarrel. RUB a dub dub, Three men in a tub : And who do you think they be ? The butcher, the baker, The candlestick-maker ; Turn 'em out, knaves all three ! ^ I ACK and Jill went up the hill J To fetch a pail of water ; Jack fell down and broke his crown. And Jill came tumbling after. i 99 200 The Nursery Rhyme Book ROSEMARY green, And lavender blue, Thyme and sweet marjoram. Hyssop and rue. BRAVE news is come to town Brave news is carried ; Brave news is come to town Jemmy Dawson's married. SYLVIA, sweet as morning air 5 Do not drive me to despair : Long have I sighed in vain, Now I am come again : Will you be mine or no, no-a-no, — Will you be mine or no ? Simon, pray leave off your suit, For of your courting you'll reap no fruit. I would rather give a crown Than be married to a clown ; Go for a booby, go, no-a-no, — Go, for a booby, go. Wm »'• W L v THERE was a little boy and a little girl Lived in an alley ; Says the little boy to the little girl, " Shall I, oh ! shall I ? " 2 C 202 The Nursery Rhyme Book Says the little girl to the little boy, "What shall we do?" Says the little boy to the little girl, " I will kiss you." WHEN I was a bachelor I lived by myself, And all the meat I got I put upon a shelf; The rats and the mice did lead me such a life That I went to London to get myself a wife. The streets were so broad and the lanes were so narrow, I could not get my wife home without a wheel- barrow ; The wheelbarrow broke, my wife got a fall, Down tumbled wheelbarrow, little wife, and all, BLUE eye beauty, Grey eye greedy, Black eye blackie, Brown eye brownie. ill) rv ^ Un 'Pe? AS Tommy Snooks and Bessy Brooks L Were walking out one Sunday, Says Tommy Snooks to Bessy Brooks, " To-morrow will be Monday/' 204 The Nursery Rhyme Book OH, madam, I will give you the keys of Canterbury, To set all the bells ringing when we shall be merry, If you will but walk abroad with me, If you will but walk with me Sir, I'll not accept of the keys of Canterbury, To set all the bells ringing when we shall be merry ; Neither will I walk abroad with thee, Neither will I talk with thee ! Oh, madam, I will give you a fine carved comb, To comb out your ringlets when I am from home, If you will but walk with me, &c. Sir, I'll not accept, &c. Oh, madam, I will give you a pair of shoes of cork, One made in London, the other made in York, If you will but walk with me, &c. Sir, I'll not accept, &c. The Nursery Rhyme Book 205 Madam, I will give you a sweet silver bell, To ring up your maidens when you are not well. If you will but walk with me, &c. Sir, I'll not accept, &c. Oh, my man John, what can the matter be ? I love the lady and the lady loves not me ! Neither will she walk abroad with me, Neither will she talk with me. Oh, master dear, do not despair, The lady she shall be, shall be your only dear ; And she will walk and talk with thee, And she will walk with thee ! Oh, madam, I will give you the keys of my chest, To count my gold and silver when I am gone to rest, If you will but walk abroad with me, If you will but talk with me. Oh, sir, I will accept of the keys of your chest, To count your gold and silver when you are gone to rest, And I will walk abroad with thee, And I will talk with thee ! 2o6 The Nursery Rhyme Book j ACK in the pulpit, out and in, Sold his wife for a minikin pin. ACK SPRAT could eat no fat, His wife could eat no lean : The Nursery Rhyme Book 207 And so, betwixt them both, you see. They lick'd the platter clean. BESSY BELL and Mary Gray, They were two bonny lasses ; They built their house upon the lea, And covered it with rashes. Bessy kept the garden gate, And Mary kept the pantry ; Bessy always had to wait, While Mary lived in plenty. 2o8 The Nursery Rhyme Book T 'HERE was a little man, And he woo'd a little maid, And he said, " Little maid, will you wed, wed, wed ? I have little more to say, Than will you, yea or nay, For least said is soonest mended-ded, ded, ded " The little maid replied, Some say a little sighed, " But what shall we have for to eat, eat, eat ? Will the love that you're so rich in Make a fire in the kitchen ? Or the little god of love turn the spit, spit, spit ? " UP hill and down dale, Butter is made in every vale, And if that Nancy Cook Is a good girl, She shall have a spouse, And make butter anon, Before her old grandmother Grows a young man. AS I was going up Pippen-hill, l Pippen-hill was dirty There I met a pretty miss, And she dropt me a curtsey, 209 2 D 210 The Nursery Rhyme Book Little miss, pretty miss, Blessings light upon you ! If I had half-a-crown a day I'd spend it all on you. HERE comes a lusty wooer, My a dildin, my a daldin ; Here comes a lusty wooer, Lily bright and shine a'. " Pray, who do you woo, My a dildin, my a daldin : Pray, who do you woo, Lily bright and shine a' : i 5 » " For your fairest daughter, My a dildin, my a daldin ; For your fairest daughter, Lily bright and shine a'." "Then there she is for you, My a dildin, my a daldin ; Then there she is for you, Lily bright and shine a'. " HERE COMES A LUSTY WOOER The Nursery Rhyme Book 213 MASTER I have, and I am his man. Gallop a dreary dun ; Master I have, and I am his man, And I'll get a wife as fast as I can ; With a heighly gaily gamberaily, Higgledy piggledy, niggledy, niggledy, Gallop a dreary dun. I HAD a little husband, No bigger than my thumb ; I put him in a pint pot, And there I bid him drum, I bought a little horse, That galloped up and down ; I bridled him, and saddled him 2 And sent him out of town, I gave him some garters To garter up his hose, And a little handkerchief To wipe his pretty nose v 214 The Nursery Rhyme Book DID you see my wife, did you see, did you see, Did you see my wife looking for me ? She wears a straw bonnet, with white ribbands on it, And dimity petticoats over her knee. §> I DOUBT, I doubt, my fire is out ; My little wife isn't at home ; I'll saddle my dog, and I'll bridle my cat, And I'll go fetch my little wife home. LOVE your own, kiss your own, 4 Love your own mother, hinny, For if she was dead and gone, You'd ne'er get such another, hinny. CURLY locks ! curly locks ! wilt thou be mine? Thou shalt not wash dishes, nor yet feed the swine, But sit on a cushion and sew a fine seam, And feed upon strawberries, sugar, and cream! The Nursery Rhyme Book 215 GEORGEY PORGEY, pudding and pie, Kissed the girls and made them cry ; When the girls come out to play, Georgey Porgey runs away. THERE was a lady loved a swine " Honey," quoth she, " Pig-hog, wilt thou be mine ? " " Grunt," quoth he. " I'll build thee a silver stye, Honey," quoth she ; " And in it thou shalt lie ; " " Grunt," quoth he. " Pinned with a silver pin, Honey," quoth she, " That you may go out and in ; " " Grunt," quoth he. " Wilt thou now have me. Honey," quoth she ; " Grunt, grunt, grunt," quoth he, And went his way. 216 The Nursery Rhyme Book WHERE have you been all the day, My boy Willy?" " I've been all the day Courting of a lady gay : But, oh ! she's too young To be taken from her mammy." " What work can she do, My boy Willy ? Can she bake and can she brew, My boy Willy ? " "She can brew and she can bake, And she can make our wedding-cake : But, oh ! she's too young To be taken from her mammy." " What age may she be ? What age may she be ? My boy Willy ? " "Twice two, twice seven. Twice ten, twice eleven : But, oh ! she's too young To be taken from her mammy." NATURAL HISTORY 2 E 1HAD a little dog, and they called him Buff; I sent him to the shop for a hap'orth of snuff; But he lost the bag, and spill'd the snuff: "So take that cuff— and that's enough." 2I 9 220 The Nursery Rhyme Book BURNIE bee, burnie bee, Tell me when your wedding be ? If it be to-morrow day, Take your wings and fly away. A SOME little mice sat in a barn to spin ; Pussy came by, and popped her head in ; " Shall I come in and cut your threads off? " " Oh no, kind sir, you will snap our heads off? " ALL of a row, l Bend the bow, Shot at a pigeon, And killed a crow. GREY goose and gander, Waft your wings together, And carry the good king's daughter Over the one strand river. PUSSY-CAT, pussy-cat, where have you been ? I've been up to London to look at the queen. Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, what did you there ? I frighten'd a little mouse under the chair, 222 The Nursery Rhyme Book CUCKOO, Cuckoo, What do you do ? " In April I open my bill ; In May I sing night and day ; In June I change my tune ; In July Away I fly ; In August Away I must." HICKETY, pickety, my black hen, She lays eggs for gentlemen ; Gentlemen come every day To see what my black hen doth lay. THE cock doth crow, To let you know, If you be wise, 'Tis time to rise. The Nursery Rhyme Book 223 ROBERT BARNES, fellow fine, Can you shoe this horse of mine ? " Yes, good sir, that I can, As well as any other man ; There's a nail, and there's a prod, And now, good sir, your horse is shod." Q \_Bird boy's song. ] EAT, birds, eat, and make no waste ; I lie here and make no haste : If my master chance to come, You must fly, and I must run. HIE hie," says Anthony, " Puss in the pantry, Gnawing, gnawing A mutton mutton-bone ; See now she tumbles it, See now she mumbles it, See how she tosses The mutton mutton-bone." 224 The Nursery Rhyme Book FOUR and twenty tailors went to kill a snail ; The best man among them durst not touch her tail. The Nursery Rhyme Book 225 She put out her horns like a little Kyloe cow ; Run, tailors, run, or she'll kill you all e'en now. THE cuckoo's a fine bird : He sings as he flies ; He brings us good tidings ; He tells us no lies. He sucks little birds' eggs To make his voice clear ; And when he sings " Cuckoo ! " The summer is near. CROAK ! " said the Toad, " I'm hungry, I think ; To-day I've had nothing to eat or to drink ; I'll crawl to a garden and jump through the pales, And there I'll dine nicely on slugs and on snails." " Ho, ho !" quoth the Frog, " is that what you mean? Then I'll hop away to the next meadow stream ; There I will drink, and eat worms and slugs too, And then I shall have a good dinner like you." 2 F THERE was a piper, he'd a cow, And he'd no hay to give her ; He took his pipes and played a tune " Consider, old cow, consider 3 '' 226 The Nursery Rhyme Book 227 The cow considered very well, For she gave the piper a penny, That he might play the tune again, Of " Corn rigs are bonnie." A PIE sate on a pear-tree, A pie sate on a pear-tree, A pie sate on a pear-tree. Heigh O, heigh O, heigh O ! Once so merrily hopp'd she, Twice so merrily hopp'd she, Thrice so merrily hopp'd she. Heigh O, heigh O, heigh O I ONCE I saw a little bird Come hop, hop, hop ; So I cried, " Little bird, Will you stop, stop, stop ? " And was going to the window, To say, " How do you do ? " But he shook his little tail, And far away he flew. 228 The Nursery Rhyme Book THE winds they did blow ; The leaves they did wag ; Along came a beggar boy, And put me in his bag. He took me up to London ; A lady did me buy, Put me in a silver cage, And hung me up on high 5 With apples by the fire, And nuts for to crack, Besides a little feather bed To rest my little back. COCK ROBIN got up early At the break of day, And went to Jenny's window, To sing a roundelay. He sang Cock Robin's love To the pretty Jenny Wren ; And when he got unto the end, Then he began again. The Nursery Rhyme Book 229 BETTY PRINGLE had a little pig, Not very little and not very big ; When he was alive he lived in clover ; But now he's dead, and that's all over. So Billy Pringle he laid down and cried, And Betty Pringle she laid down and died ; So there was an end of one, two, and three : Billy Pringle he, Betty Pringle she, And the piggy wiggy. ALONG-TAIL'D pig, or a short-tail'd pig, Or a pig without e'er a tail, A sow-pig, or a boar-pig, Or a pig with a curly tail. 230 The Nursery Rhyme Book A LITTLE cock-sparrow sat on a green tree {tris), And he cherruped, he cherruped, so merry was he {tris) ; A little cock-sparrow sat on a green tree, And he cherruped, he cherruped, so merry was he. A naughty boy came with his wee bow and arrow {tris), Determined to shoot this little cock-sparrow {tris) ; A naughty, &c. Determined, &c. "This little cock-sparrow shall make me a stew {tris), And his giblets shall make me a little pie too " {tris) ; " Oh, no," said the sparrow, " I wofit make a stew ; " So he flapped his wings, and away he flew. L r ITTLE Robin Red-Breast Sat upon a rail : Niddle-naddle went his head ! Wiggle-waggle went his tail. The Nursery Rhyme Book 231 DAME, what makes your ducks to die ? What the pize ails 'em ? what the pize ails 'em ? They kick up their heels, and there they lie • What the pize ails 'em now ? Heigh, ho ! heigh, ho ! Dame, what makes your ducks to die ? What a pize ails 'em ? what a pize ails 'em ? Heigh, ho ! heigh, ho ! Dame, what ails your ducks to die ? Eating o' polly-wigs, eating o' polly-wigs. Heigh, ho ! heigh, ho ! 232 The Nursery Rhyme Book IN the month of February, When green leaves begin to spring, Little lambs do skip like fairies, Birds do couple, build, and sing. PUSSY CAT sits by the fire ; How did she come there ? In walks the little dog, Says, " Pussy ! are you there ? " " How do you do, Mistress Pussy ? Mistress Pussy, how d'ye do ? " " I thank you kindly, little dog, I fare as well as vou ! " THERE was a little boy went into a barn, And lay down on some hay ; An owl came out and flew about, And the little boy ran away. The Nursery Rhyme Book 233 THE dove says, " Coo, coo, what shall I do ? I can scarce maintain two." " Pooh, pooh," says the wren ; " I have got ten, And keep them all like gentlemen ! " BOW, wow, wow, Whose dog art thou ? " Little Tom Tinker's dog, Bow, wow, wow," 2 G 234 The Nursery Rhyme Book LEG over leg, j As the dog went to Dover ; When he came to a stile, Jump he went over. &* 1LOVE little pussy, her coat is so warm ; And if I don't hurt her she'll do me no harm. So I'll not pull her tail nor drive her away, But pussy and I very gently will play. The Nursery Rhyme Book 235 \Imitated frem a pigeon. ~\ CURR dhoo, curr dhoo, Love me, and I'll love you ! LADY bird, lady bird, fly away home ; / Thy house is on fire, thy children all gone- All but one, and her name is Ann, And she crept under the pudding-pan. 236 The Nursery Rhyme Book PUSSY sits behind the fire- How can she be fair ? In comes the little dog : " Pussy, are you there ? " So, so, Mistress Pussy, Pray how do you do ? " " Thank you, thank you, little dog, I'm very well just now." LITTLE Robin-Redbreast sat upon a tree ; j Up went Pussy cat, and down went he ; Down came Pussy cat, and away Robin ran : Says little Robin-Redbreast, " Catch me if you can." Little Robin-Redbreast jump'd upon a wall ; Pussy cat jump'd after him, and almost got a fall ; Little Robin chirp'd and sang, and what did Pussy say? Pussy cat said " Mew," and Robin jump'd away. MARY had a pretty bird With feathers bright and yellow — Slender legs — upon my word — He was a pretty fellow. Copyright 1897 by F. Warne &■ Co. I HAD a little hen, the prettiest ever seen ; She washed me the dishes, and kept the house clean ; She went to the mill to fetch me some flour ; She brought it home in less than an hour ; She baked me my bread, she brew'd me my ale ; She sat by the fire, and told many a fine tale. HIGGLEY Piggley, My black hen, She lays eggs For gentlemen ; Sometimes nine, And sometimes ten. Higgley Piggley, My black hen ! 238 The Nursery Rhyme Book 239 COME, take up your hats, and away let us haste To the Butterfly's ball, and the Grasshopper's feast ; The trumpeter, Gad-fly, has summoned the crew, And the revels are now only waiting for you. On the smooth-shaven grass, by the side of a wood, Beneath a broad oak which for ages had stood, See the children of earth, and the tenants of air, To an evening's amusement together repair. And there came the Beetle, so blind and so black, Who carried the Emmet, his friend, on his back ; And there came the Gnat and the Dragon-fly too, With all their relations, green, orange, and blue. And there came the Moth, with her plumage of down, And the Hornet with jacket of yellow and brown ; And with him the Wasp, his companion, did bring ; But they promised that evening to lay by their sting. Then the sly little Dormouse peeped out of his hole, And led to the feast his blind cousin the Mole ; And the Snail, with her horns peeping out of her shell, Came, fatigued with the distance, the length of an ell. A mushroom the table, and on it was spread A water-dock leaf, which their table-cloth made, 240 The Nursery Rhyme Book The viands were various, to each of their taste, And the Bee brought the honey to sweeten the feast. With steps most majestic the Snail did advance, And he promised the gazers a minuet to dance ; But they all laughed so loud that he drew in his head, And went in his own little chamber to bed. Then, as evening gave way to the shadows of night, Their watchman, the Glow-worm, come out with his light. So home let us hasten, while yet we can see, For no watchman is waiting for you or for me. BAH, bah, black sheep, Have you any wool ? "Yes, marry, have I, Three bags full : One for my master, And one for my dame, But none for the little boy Who cries in the lane." The Nursery Rhyme Book 241 L r ITTLE boy blue, come, blow up your horn ; The sheep's in the meadow, the cow's in the corn. 2 H 242 The Nursery Rhyme Book " Where's the little boy that looks after the sheep ? " " He's under the hay-cock fast asleep." " Will you wake him ? " " No, not I ; For if I do, he'll be sure to cry." V GOD bless the master of this house, The mistress bless also, And all the little children That round the table go ; And all your kin and kinsmen, That dwell both far and near ; I wish you a merry Christmas, And a happy New Year. LITTLE girl, little girl, where have you been ? d " Gathering roses to give to the queen." " Little girl, little girl, what gave she you ? " " She gave me a diamond as big as my shoe." DJDD DIlllJD XHOD Df'DU; GOOSEY, goosey, gander, Where shall I wander ? Upstairs, downstairs, And in my lady's chamber. There I meet an old man That would not say his prayers ; I took him by the left leg, And threw him downstairs. 244 The Nursery Rhyme Book JENNY Wren fell sick, J Upon a merry time ; In came Robin-Redbreast And brought her sops and wine. "Eat well of the sops, Jenny, Drink well of the wine." " Thank you, Robin, kindly, You shall be mine." Jenny she got well, And stood upon her feet, And told Robin plainly She loved him not a bit. Robin, being angry, Hopped upon a twig, Saying, " Out upon you. Fie upon you Bold-faced jig." THE hart he loves the high wood, The hare she loves the hill, The knight he loves his bright sword, The lady — loves her will. I HAD a little pony, His name was Dapple-grey I lent him to a lady, To ride a mile away. She whipped him, she slashed him, She rode him through the mire; I would not lend my pony now For all the iady's hire. 246 The Nursery Rhyme Book A FARMER went trotting Upon his grey mare ; Bumpety, bumpety, bump ! With his daughter behind him, So rosy and fair ; Lumpety, lumpety, lump ! A raven cried " Croak ; " And they all tumbled down ; Bumpety, bumpety, bump ! The mare broke her knees, And the farmer his crown ; Lumpety, lumpety, lump. The mischievous raven Flew laughing away ; Bumpety, bumpety, bump ! And vowed he would serve them The same the next day ; Bumpety, bumpety, bump ! ACCUMULATIVE STORIES T HIS is the house that Jack built. 2. This is the malt That lav in the house that Jack built, 3. This is the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. 249 7. 1 250 The Nursery Rhyme Book 4. This is the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. 5. This is the dog, That worried the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. 6. This is the cow with the crumpled horn, That toss'd the dog, That worried the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. 7. This is the maiden all forlorn, That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn, That tossed the dog, That worried the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. The Nursery Rhyme Book 251 8. This is the man all tatter'd and torn, That kissed the maiden all forlorn, That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn, That tossed the dog, That worried the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. 9. This is the priest all shaven and shorn, That married the man all tatter'd and torn, That kiss'd the maiden ail forlorn, That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn, That tossed the dog, That worried the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. 10. This is the cock that crow'd in the morn, That waked the priest all shaven and shorn, That married the man all tatter'd and torn, That kiss'd the maiden all forlorn, That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn, That tossed the dog, 252 The Nursery Rhyme Book That worried the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. 1 1. This is the farmer sowing his corn, That kept the cock that crow'd in the morn, That waked the priest all shaven and shorn, That married the man all tatter'd and torn, That kissed the maiden all forlorn, That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn, That tossed the dog, That worried the cat, That kill'd the rat, That ate the malt, That lay in the house that Jack built. The Nursery Rhyme Book 253 AN old woman was sweeping her house, and she L found a little crooked sixpence. " What," said she, " shall I do with this little sixpence ? I will go to market, and buy a little pig." As she was coming home, she came to a stile ; but the pig would not go over the stile. She went a little farther, and she met a dog. So she said to the dog — " Dog, dog, bite pig ! Pig won't get over the stile ; And I shan't get home to-night." But the dog would not. She went a little farther, and she met a stick. So she said — " Stick, stick, beat dog ! Dog won't bite pig ? Pig won't get over the stile, And I shan't get home to-night." But the stick would not. She went a little farther, and she met a fire. So she said — " Fire, fire, burn stick ! Stick won't beat dog ; 254 The Nursery Rhyme Book Dog won't bite pig ; Pig won't get over the stile, And I shan't get home to-night." But the fire would not. She went a little farther, and she met some water. So she said — " Water, water, quench fire ! Fire won't burn stick ; Stick won't beat dog ; Dog won't bite pig ; Pig won't get over the stile, And 1 shan't get home to-night." But the water would not. She went a little farther, and she met an ox. So she said — " Ox, ox, drink water ! Water won't quench fire ; Fire won't burn stick ; Stick won't beat dog ; Dog won't bite pig ; Pig won't get over the stile, And I shan't get home to-night." THE OLD WOMAN AND HER PIG The Nursery Rhyme Book 257 But the ox would not. She went a little farther, and she met a butcher. So she said — " Butcher, butcher, kill ox ! Ox won't drink water ; Water won't quench fire ; Fire won't burn stick ; Stick won't beat dog ; Dog won't bite pig ; Pig won't get over the stile, And I shan't get home to-night." But the butcher would not. She went a little farther, and she met a rope. So she said — " Rope, rope, hang butcher ! Butcher won't kill ox ; Ox won't drink water ; Water won't quench fire ; Fire won't burn stick ; Stick won't beat dog ; Dog won't bite pig ; Pig won't get over the stile, And I shan't get home to-night.'* 2 K 258 The Nursery Rhyme Book But the rope would not. She went a little farther, and she met a rat. So she said — " Rat, rat, gnaw rope ! Rope won't hang butcher : Butcher won't kill ox ; Ox won't drink water ; Water won't quench fire ; Fire won't burn stick ; Stick won't beat dog ; Dog won't bite pig ; Pig won't get over the stile, And I shan't get home to-night/' But the rat would not. She went a little farther, and she met a cat. So she said — " Cat, cat, kill rat ; Rat won't gnaw rope ; Rope won't hang butcher ; Butcher won't kill ox ; Ox won't drink water ; Water won't quench fire ; The Nursery Rhyme Book 259 Fire won't burn stick ; Stick won't beat dog ; Dog won't bite pig ; Pig won't get over the stile, And I shan't get home to-night." The cat said, " If you will give me a saucer of milk, I will kill the rat." So the old woman gave the cat the milk, and when she had lapped up the milk — The cat began to kill the rat ; The rat began to gnaw the rope ; The rope began to hang the butcher ; The butcher began to kill the ox ; The ox began to drink the water ; The water began to quench the fire ; The fire began to burn the stick ; The stick began to beat the dog ; The dog began to bite the pig ; The pig jumped over the stile, And so the old woman got home that night. 260 The Nursery Rhyme Book THIS is the key of the kingdom. In that kingdom there is a city. In that city there is a town. In that town there is a street. In that street there is a lane. In that lane there is a yard. In that yard there is a house. In that house there is a room. In that room there is a bed. On that bed there is a basket. In that basket there are some flowers. Flowers in the basket, basket in the bed, bed in the room, &c. &c. ® {,filu'i'iti > h p '»Si'.'> .'it ii y v,ii /i,' '!'. 1 ,'ij »« , 'ii.\\iii,\«i •; WILLY boy, Willy boy, where are you going ? I'll go with you, if I may. " I'm going to the meadow to see them a mowing ; I'm going to help them make hay." 263 264 The Nursery Rhyme Book THE girl in the lane, that couldn't speak plain, Cried, " Gobble, gobble, gobble." The man on the hill, that couldn't stand still, Went hobble, hobble, hobble. HINK, minx ! the old witch winks, The fat begins to fry : There's nobody at home but little jumping Joan, Father, mother, and I. HANNAH BANTRY in the pantry, Eating a mutton bone ; How she gnawed it, how she clawed it, When she found she was alone ! LITTLE Miss Muffet j Sat on a tuffet, Eating of curds and whey ; There came a spider, And sat down beside her, And frightened Miss Muffet away. HM&- What are Little Boys made of ?" WHAT are little boys made of, made of; What are little boys made of? " Snaps and snails, and puppy-dogs' tails ; And that's what little boys are made of, made of." What are little girls made of, made of, made of ; What are little girls made of ? " Sugar and spice, and all that's nice ; And that's what little girls are made of, made of.' 26s 2 L 266 The Nursery Rhyme Book WHAT'S the news of the day, Good neighbour, I pray ? "They say the balloon Is gone up to the moon." Sb KING'S SUTTON is a pretty town s And lies all in a valley ; There is a pretty ring of bells, Besides a bowling-alley : Wine and liquor in good store, Pretty maidens plenty ; Can a man desire more ? There ain't such a town in twenty. COME, let's to bed, Says Sleepy-head ; "Tarry a while," says Slow; "Put on the pot," Says Greedy-gut, " Let's sup before we go." GIRLS and boys, come out to play ; The moon doth shine as bright as day ; Leave your supper, and leave your sleep, And come with your playfellows into the street. Come with a whoop, come with a call, Come with a good will or not at all. Up the ladder and down the wall, A halfpenny roll will serve us all. You find milk, and I'll find flour, And we'll have a pudding in half-an-hour. 267 268 The Nursery Rhyme Book HOW many days has my baby to play ? Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday. A ROUND the green gravel the grass grows green, l\ And all the pretty maids are plain to be seen ; Wash them with milk, and clothe them with silk, And write their names with a pen and ink. fc AS I was going to sell my eggs, L I met a man with bandy legs, Bandy legs and crooked toes ; I tripped up his heels, and he fell on his nose. MY little old man and I fell out; I'll tell you what 'twas all about : I had money, and he had none, And that's the way the row begun. F^AFFY- *-^ Down- DlLLY has come 269 270 The Nursery Rhyme Book DARBY and Joan were dress'd in black, Sword and buckle behind their back ; Foot for foot, and knee for knee, Turn about Darby's company. F all the seas were one sea, What a great sea that would be ! And if all the trees were one tree, What a great tree that would be ! And if all the axes were one axe, What a great axe that would be ! And if all the men were one man, What a great man he would be ! And if the great man took the great axe, And cut down the great tree, And let it fall into the great sea, What a splish splash that would be ! RAIN, rain, go away ; Come again another day ; Little Arthur wants to play. The Nursery Rhyme Book 271 BARBER, barber, shave a pig ; How many hairs will make a wig ? " Four-and-twenty, that's enough : " Give the barber a pinch of snuff. 272 The Nursery Rhyme Book LITTLE Tom Tucker j Sings for his supper ; What shall he eat ? White bread and butter. How shall he cut it, Without e'er a knife ? How will he be married Without e'er a wife ? WHO comes here ? " A grenadier." "What do you want?" "A pot of beer." " Where is your money ? " " I've forgot." "Get you gone, You drunken sot ! " TO market, to market, to buy a plum-cake ; Back again, back again, baby is late , To market, to market, to buy a plum-bun, Back again, back again, market is done. The Nursery Rhyme Book 273 BLOW, wind, blow ! and go, mill, go ! That the miller may grind his corn ; That the baker may take it, And into rolls make it, And send us some hot in the morn. J* \f. Mi Copyright 1897 by F. Warne & Co. A MAN went a hunting at Reigate, And wished to leap over a high gate ; Says the owner, " Go round, With your gun and your hound, For you never shall leap over my gate." 2 M 274 The Nursery Rhyme Book THERE was a little nobby colt, His name was Nobby Gray ; His head was made of pouce straw, His tail was made of hay. He could ramble, he could trot, He could carry a mustard-pot, Round the town of Woodstock, Hey, Jenny, hey ! WE'RE all in the dumps, For diamonds are trumps ; The kittens are gone to St. Paul's ! The babies are bit, The moon's in a fit, And the houses are built without walls. p* B [Notes.) p-, THE origin of the right nursery rhymes is, of course, popular, like the origin of ballads, tales {M'drchen), riddles, proverbs, and, indeed, of literature in general. They are probably, in Eng- land, of no great antiquity, except in certain cases, where they supply the words to some child's ballet, some dance game. A game may be of prehistoric antiquity, as appears in the rudimentary forms of backgammon, Pachisi and Patullo, common to Asia, and to the Aztecs, as Dr. Tylor has demonstrated. The child's game — "Buck, buck, How many fingers do I hold up ? " was known in ancient Rome as bucca, though it would be audacious to infer that it survived in Britain since the Norman Conquest. Hop -scotch is also exceedingly ancient, and the curious will find the theories of its origin in Mr. Gommc's learned work on Children's Dances and Songs, published by the Folk- 276 Notes Lore Society. Dr. Nicholson's book on the Folk -Lore of Children in Sutherland, still unpublished when I write, may also be consulted. One of the songs collected by Dr. Nicholson was copied down by a Danish traveller in London during the reign of Charles II. Robert Chambers's "Popular Rhymes of Scotland" is also a treasure of this kind of antiquities. It is probable that the Lowland rhymes have occasionally Gaelic counterparts, as the nursery tales certainly have, but I am unacquainted with any researches on this topic by Celtic scholars. In Mr. Halliwell's Collection, from which this volume is abridged, no manuscript authority goes further back than the reign of Henry VIII., though King Arthur and Robin Hood are men- tioned. The obscure Scottish taunt, levelled at Edward I. when besieging Berwick, is much in the manner of a nursery rhyme : — " Kyng Edward, When thu havest Berwic, Pike thee! When thu havest geton, Dike thee!" This, as Sir Herbert Maxwell says, "seems deficient in salt," but was felt to be irritating by the greatest of the Plantagenets* The jingles on the King of France, against the Scots in the time of James I., against the Tory, or Irish rapparee, and about the Gunpowder Plot, are of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The Great Rebellion supplies " Hector Protector " and " The Parliament soldiers are gone to the king ; " " Over the water and over the sea" (or lee) is a parody of a Jacobite ditty of 1748, and refers genially to that love of ale and wine which Prince Charles displayed as early as he showed military Notes 277 courage, at the age of fourteen, when he distinguished himself at the siege of Gaeta. His grandfather, James II., lives in "The rhyme for porringer ; " his father in " Jim and George were two great lords." Tout jinit par des chansons. Of non-historical jingles, Mr. Halliwell found traces in MSS. as old as the fifteenth century. But it would be a very rare accident that led to their being written down when nobody dreamed of studying Folk-Lore with solemnity. "Thirty days hath September" occurs in the " Return from Parnassus," of Shakspeare's date, and a few snatches, like " When I was a little boy," occur in Shak- speare himself, just as a German version of "My Minnie me slew" comes in Goethe's Faust. Indeed, the scraps of magical versified spells in M'drchen are entirely of the character of nursery rhymes, and are of dateless antiquity. The rhyme of " Dr. Faustus " may be nearly as old as the mediaeval legend dramatised by Marlowe. The Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists put nursery rhymes in the mouths of characters ; a few jingles creep into the Miscellanies, such as "The Pills to purge Melancholy." Among these (17 19) is "Tom the piper's son," who played "Over the hills and far away," a song often adapted to Jacobite uses. In 17 19, when the Spanish plan of aid to James III. collapsed, pipers must have been melancholy enough. Melismata (1611) already knows the "Frog who lived in a well," and in Deuteromelia (1609) occurs the "Three blind mice." On the Riddles, or Devinettes, chapters might be, and have been written. They go back to Samson's time, at least, and are as widely distributed as proverbs, even among Wolufs and Fijians. The most recent discussion is in Mr. Max Muller's "Contributions to the Science of Mythology" (1897). For using "charms," like 278 Notes "Come, butter, come," many an old woman was burned by the wisdom of our ancestors. Such versified charms, deducunt carmlna Iunam, are the karakias of the Maoris, and the mantras of Indian superstition. The magical papyri of ancient Egypt are full of them. In our own rhyme, "Hiccup," regarded as a personal kind of fiend ("Animism"), is charmed away by a promise of a butter-cake. There is a collection of such things in Reginald Scot's "Discovery of Witchcraft." Thus our old nursery rhymes are smooth stones from the brook of time, worn round by constant friction of tongues long silent. We cannot hope to make new nursery rhymes, any more than we can write new fairy tales. [ Index of- First • Lines u±s, A carrion crow sat on an oak A diller, a dollar ...... A farmer went trotting .... A little cock-sparrow sat on a green tree - A little old man and I fell out A long- tail'd pig, or a short-tail'd pig A man of words and not of deeds . A man went a hunting at Reigate . A pie sate on a pear-tree A sunshiny shower .... A swarm of bees in May A was an apple-pie .... A was an Archer, and shot at a frog All of a row ..... Around the green gravel the grass grows green Arthur O' Bower has broken his band As I walked by myself. As I was going by Charing Cross . As I was going o'er Westminster Bridge . As I was going to sell my eggs 279 Page 103 49 246 230 157 229 79 273 227 82 82 46 45 220 268 124 38 37 132 268 280 Index of First Lines As I was going to St. Ives As I was going up Pippen-hill As I went through the garden gap As soft as silk, as white as milk As the days lengthen As Tommy Snooks and Bessy Brooks Bah, bah, black sheep .... Barber, barber, shave a pig Bat, bat ..... Bessy Bell and Mary Gray . Betty Pringle had a little pig . Birch and green holly, boys . Black we are but much admired Blow, wind, blow ! and go, mill, go ! Blue eye beauty . . . Bounce Buckram, velvet's dear Bow, wow, wow ..... Brave news is come to town . Bryan O'Lin, and his wife, and wife's mother Burnie bee, burnie bee .... Bye, baby bunting . COCK-A-DOODLE-DOO ! . . Cock Robin got up early Cold and raw the north wind doth blow . Come, butter, come ...*%* Come, let's to bed .... Come, take up your hats, and away let us haste Come when you're called . " Croak ! " said the Toad, « I'm hungry, I think " Cross patch ...... Cuckoo, cherry-tree .... Cuckoo, Cuckoo . Curly locks ! curly locks ! wilt thou be mine ? Cuir dhoo, curr dhoo .... Cushy cow bonny, let down thy milk Page !3i 209 132 124 83 203 240 271 172 207 229 44 130 273 202 79 2 33 200 220 148 192 228 117 i47 266 2 39 44 225 5i 176 222 214 235 H5 Index of First Lines 281 Page Daffy-down-dilly has come up to town . " . 269 Dame, get up and bake your pies . 117 Dame, what makes your ducks to die ? • 2 3 x Dance, Thumbkin, dance .... • J 75 Dance to your daddy . . 148 Darby and Joan were dress'd in black . 270 Deedle, deedle, dumpling, my son John . . 191 Did you see my wife, did you see, did you see ? . 214 Diddledy, diddledy, dumpty .... • i94 Ding, dong, bell ...... • J 94 Doctor Faustus was a good man 48 Doctor Foster went to Glo'ster . 65 Draw a pail of water ..... , 184 Early to bed, and early to rise 83 Eat, birds, eat, and make no waste . 223 Eggs, butter, bread . 186 Elizabeth, Elspeth, Betsy, and Bess J 33 Elsie Marley is grown so fine . 94 Fiddle-de-dee, fiddle-de-dee . J 95 Flour of England, fruit of Spain . 128 For every evil under the sun . 82 For want of a nail, the shoe was lost ... 84 Formed long ago, yet made to-day . l S l Four and twenty tailors went to kill a snail 224 Friday night's dream . 83 Gay go up and gay go down . 172 Georgey Porgey, pudding and pie . 215 Girls and boys, come out to play . 267 God bless the master of this house . 242 Goosey, goosey, gander . 2 43 Great A, little a ....,' . 43 Grey goose and gander . 220 Handy Spandy, Jack-a-dandy , 196 Hannah Bantry in the pantry . 264 2 N 282 Index of First Lines He that would thrive Hector Protector was dressed all in green Here am I, little jumping Joan Here comes a lusty wooer Here sits the Lord Mayor Here stands a post Hey ! diddle, diddle . Hey, my kitten, my kitten Hick-a-more, Hack-a-more . Hickety, pickety, my black hen Hickory, Dickory, Dock Hickup, hickup, go away ! Hickup, snicup " Hie, hie," says Anthony Higgledy piggledy Higgley Piggley . High diddle ding . Hink, minx ! the old witch winks Hot-cross Buns . How many days has my baby to play ? How many miles is it to Babylon ? Humpty Dumpty sate on a wall Hush-a-bye, baby, on the tree top Hushy baby, my doll, I pray you don't cry I am a gold lock ..... I doubt, I doubt, my fire is out I had a little dog, and they called him Buff I had a little hen, the prettiest ever seen . I had a little husband .... I had a little nut-tree, nothing would it bear I had a little pony .... I have a little sister, they call her Peep, Peep I love little pussy, her coat is so warm I love my love with an A, becau r e he's Agreeable I love sixpence, pretty little sixpence I saw a peacock with a fiery tail I saw a ship a-sailing Page 81 37 140 210 175 188 193 150 124 222 176 152 152 223 128 238 37 264 105 268 183 129 149 148 180 214 219 237 213 35 245 128 23+ 5 1 99 141 J 39 Index of First Lines 283 I saw three ships come sailing by . I went to the wood and got it I went up one pair of stairs I would if I cou'd .... If all the seas were one sea If all the world was apple-pie If I'd as much money as I could spend . If ifs and ands ..... If wishes were horses .... If you love me, pop and fly . If you sneeze on Monday, you sneeze for danger I'll sing you a song .... I'll tell you a story .... In fir tar is . In marble walls as white as milk In the month of February Is John Smith within ? . Jack and Jill went up the hill Jack, be nimble . •» Jack in the pulpit, out and in . Jack Sprat could eat no fat Jacky, come give me thy fiddle Jenny Wren fell sick . Jim and George were two great lords John Cook had a little grey mare ; he, haw, hum Johnny shall have a new bonnet King's Sutton is a pretty town Lady bird, lady bird, fly away home Leg over leg ..... Little Bo-peep has lost her sheep . Little boy blue, come, blow up your horn Little girl, little girl, where have you been ? Little Jack Horner sat in a corner . Little Miss MufFet . Little Nancy Etticoat . Page 118 123 180 !34 270 112 44 78 146 80 114 58 5i 127 232 179 199 171 206 206 "3 244 40 114 93 266 235 234 9; 241 242 74 264 130 284 Index of First Lines Little Polly Flinders . Little Robin- Redbreast Little Robin- Redbreast sat upon a tree Little Tom Tucker Little Tommy Tittle mouse . London Bridge is broken down Long legs, crooked thighs Love your own, kiss your own March winds and April showers Mary had a pretty bird . Master I have, and I am his man Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John Merry are the bells, and merry would they ring Mistress Mary, quite contrary Monday's bairn is fair of face Multiplication is vexation My dear, do you know . My father he died, but I can't tell you how My lady Wind, my lady Wind My little old man and I fell out My maid Mary . My true love lives far from me Nature requires five Needles and pins, needles and pins O that I was where I would be Oh, madam, I will give you the keys of Canter Old Abram Brown is dead and gone Old Betty Blue . Old King Cole . Old Mother Goose, when Old Mother Hubbard . Old Mother Twitchett had but one eye Old woman, old woman, shall we go a-shearing Once I saw a little bird One misty moisty morning bury Page 114 230 236 272 73 98 124 214 84 236 213 M7 104 50 84 47 56 90 7i 268 1 12 138 78 79 140 204 70 162 3 1 67 163 130 i57 227 87 Index of First Lines 285 One to make ready One, two . . • Over the water, and over the sea Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man Pease-pudding hot Peter Piper picked a peck Peter White will ne'er go right Please to remember Polly put the kettle on . Poor old Robinson Crusoe Punch and Judy . Pussicat, wussicat, with a white foot Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, where have you been ? Pussy-cat sits by the fire Pussy sits behind the fire Queen Anne, Queen Anne, you sit in the sun Rabbit, rabbit, rabbit-pie Rain, rain, go away Ride a cock-horse to Banbury Cross ( 1 ) Ride a cock-horse to Banbury Cross (2) Ride a cock-horse to Banbury Cross Ride away, ride away, Johnny shall ride Ring the bell .... Robert Barnes, fellow fine Robin and Richard were two pretty men Robin the Bobbin, the big-bellied Ben Rock-a-bye, baby, thy cradle is green Rosemary green .... Rub a dub dub .... Says t'auld man tit oak tree See a pin and pick it up See, saw, Margery Daw ( 1 ) See, saw, Margery Daw (2) See saw, sack-a-day Page 186 52 36 47 179 146 136 35 92 38 7i 194 221 232 236 172 149 270 182 182 184 116 179 223 66 66 150 200 196 9i 78 185 185 40 286 Index of First Lines See-saw sacradown Simple Simon met a pieman . Sing a song of sixpence Solomon Grundy Some little mice sat in a barn to spin St. Swithin's day, if thou dost rain . Swan swam over the sea Sylvia, sweet as morning air . Taffy was a Welshman, Taffy was a thief Tell tale, tit The art of good driving's a paradox quite The cock doth crow .... The cuckoo's a fine bird The dove says, " Coo, coo, what shall I do ? " The fair maid who, the first of May The fox and his wife they had a great strife The girl in the lane, that couldn't speak plain The hart he loves the high wood The King of France, and four thousand men The King of France went up the hill The lion and the unicorn The man in the moon .... The man in the wilderness asked me The north wind doth blow The old woman and her pig . The Queen of Hearts .... The winds they did blow There was a crooked man, and he went a crook There was a fat man of Bombay There was a frog liv'd in a well There was a jolly miller There was a king met a king There was a lady loved a swine There was a little boy and a little girl There was a little boy went into a barn There was a little Guinea-pig There was a little man .... Page 184 58 93 74 220 78 152 200 72 44 83 222 225 233 83 88 264 244 35 35 62 55 i37 100 253 116 228 57 63 106 1 12 127 215 201 232 136 64 Index of First Lines 287 Page There was a little man ...... 208 There was a little nobby colt . . . . 274 There was a little woman, as I've been told . .116 There was a man, and he had nought . » .61 There was a man and he was mad . . . .142 There was a man of Thessaly . . * • I 33 There was a monkey climbed up a tree . . -'39 There was a piper, he'd a cow . . • .226 There was an old man . . . . . .162 There was an old man of Tobago . . . .161 There was an old woman . . . . .155 There was an old woman . . . . .158 There was an old woman, and what do you think . 141 There was an old woman, as I've heard tell . .156 There was an old woman called Nothing-at-all . .162 There was an old woman had three sons . . .161 There was an old woman of Leeds . . .158 There was an old woman of Norwich . . .161 There was an old woman toss'd up in a basket . . 157 There was an old woman who lived in a shoe . .158 There were three jovial Welshmen . . <■ . 169 There were three sisters in a hall . „ . .131 There were two birds sat on a stone . . .111 There were two blackbirds . . » . .188 Thirty days hath September ..... 49 Thirty white horses upon a red hill . . . 1 29 This is the house that Jack built .... 249 This is the key of the kingdom . . . .260 This is the way the ladies ride . . . .187 This pig went to market . . . . .176 Thomas a Tattamus took two T's . . . .130 Three blind mice, see how they run ! . .105 Three children sliding on the ice . . .134 Three wise men of Gotham . . . . .65 Tobacco reek ! tobacco reek ! . . . .141 To make your candles last for a' . . -77 To market, to market . . . . . 1 5 1 To market, to market, to buy a fat pig . . ■ . 195 288 Index of First Lines To market, to market, to buy a plum-cake Tom he was a piper's son Tom, Tom, the piper's son Tweedle-dum and Tweedle-dee Two legs sat upon three legs . Up at Piccadilly oh ! Up hill and down dale . We are three brethren out of Spain Wee Willie Winkie runs through the town We're all in the dumps . What are little boys made of, made of? What is the rhyme for por'inger ? What's the news of the day? . When good King Arthur ruled this land When I was a bachelor I lived by myself When little Fred was called to bed When the wind is in the east . When V and I together meet Where are you going, my pretty maid ? Where have you been all the day ? . Who comes here ? Who goes round my house this night ? Whoop, whoop, and hollow . Willy boy, Willy boy, where are you going ? Yeow mussent sing a' Sunday , You shall have an apple Younc lambs to sell ! Page 272 95 63 196 132 "3 208 181 119 274 265 37 266 3 2 202 120 80 49 216 272 186 186 263 82 106 150 THE END <UX

Little Boy Blue

What was the name by which we called Thailand before 1939 and between 1945 and 1949?

Rhymes - Blind Pig & The Acorn Four seeds in a row one for the rook, one for the crow, one to die, and one to grow. or  Four seeds in a row, one for the rook, one for the crow, one will wither and one will grow. or various other rhymes all the with the same gist! ------------------ A few weeks ago I had a piece of the rhyme going around in my head while we were planting beans. I decided to google around and see what I could discover about it.  Mud Cat Cafe -my favorite online forum for music information offered up the following details about the rhyme. From: peregrina How to sow Beans. 'One for the mouse, One for the crow, One to rot, One to grow.' [1850 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. II. 515] 'Kernels,' said Pa. 'Four kernels. ‥One for the blackbird, One for the crow, And that will leave Just two to grow.' [1941 L. I. Wilder Little Town on Prairie ii.] Careful farmers‥sow their seed broadcast, saying: One for wind and one for crow one to die and one to grow. [1961 N. Lofts House at Old Vine i. 34] From: Jim Dixon A few more: From Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, Volume 11, 1874, page 299: The number of kernels in a hill may be designated thus: One for the blackbird, one for the crow, One for the cut-worm, and one to grow. Monthly Packet of Evening Readings, Volume 19, (London: Mozley and Smith, 1875), page 213: —and the rule for sowing is, 'One for the mouse, one for the crow, One to rot, and one to grow' Annual Report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture ..., Volume 19 (Lansing: State of Michigan, 1880), page 148: I do not believe in the old rhyme— "One for the black bird, One for the crow, One to get mouldy And one to grow." Work and Leisure: The Englishwoman's Advertiser, Reporter and Gazette, Vol. 7 (London: Hatchards, 1882), page 211: The old farming adage— 'One for the mouse, one for the crow, One to rot, and one to grow,' is true of fruits as well as of seeds. Gardeners' Chronicle, Vol. 8 (London: Haymarket Pub., 1890), page 686 There is an old country saying— "Sow four beans as you make your row, One to rot, and one to grow, One for the pigeon, and one for the crow." ----------------- Easy to see the rhyme is old and prolific. I jumped at the quote from the Little House book thinking that's where I remembered it from...but what I had in my head was closer to some of the others so who knows where I heard it. Have you ever heard the rhyme? Drop back by tomorrow and I'll tell you about the new things I planted in my garden this year.  Tipper p.s. The Pressley Girls will be playing this Friday night, May 29 @ 7:00 p.m. at the  Historical Union County Courthouse in Blairsville Ga . Paul and I will be helping them out-hope to see you there! April 17, 2015 My father used to do something like Mr. Davenport but not to that extent. He also played the spoons. Sometimes after dark he would drum his fingers on the table to make galloping horse sounds and recite: Whenever the moon and stars are set, Whenever the wind is high, All night long in the dark and wet, A man goes riding by. Late in the night when the fires are out,  Why does he gallop and gallop about? Whenever the trees are crying aloud, And ships are tossed at sea, By, on the highway, low and loud, By at the gallop goes he. By at the gallop he goes, and then  By he comes back at the gallop again. Comment by Ed Ammons May 2013 --------------------- The poem Ed remembers his father reciting is Windy Nights written by Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).  I wasn't familiar with the poem until Ed left his comment back in 2013. I like the poem and I like the image of Ed's father reciting it as he drummed his fingers. Tipper The Dandelion by John Banister Tabb With locks of gold to-day, To-morrow, silver gray; O man, thy fortune told! ------------------------ B.Ruth introduced me to this little poem last week when she left the following comments: "Tipper, Guess what this is? Then you will know what I remember about the first signs of Spring where I grew up as a child.... WITH LOCKS OF GOLD TODAY; TO-MORROW, SILVER GRAY; O MAN, THY FORTUNE TOLD!" and "Tipper, The answer was Dandelion... We had gazillions of them in the Secret City...along walkways, drive ways, grassy medians, and lawns. One time a visitor from across the sea asked our local newspaper "What are those beautiful yellow flowers that bloom along all the sidewalks in your city?" In all her travels she had never seen anything so beautiful...In other words..one mans weed is another ones beautiful flower! I remember helping spread the Dandelion seeds many times...as did all the children in the neighborhood...lol The poem THE DANDELION was written by John Tabb" ----------------- Drop back by in a few days and I'll share my Dandelion Jelly Recipe with you! Tipper October 11, 2014 Back when we first started discussing rhymes here on the Blind Pig, Ed Ammons sent me the following email about a rhyme his mother used to say: My mother used to recite a little poem or phrase that included the words "Tom Toddy, Tom Toddy, all head and no body." Have your or your parents ever hear of such? That little scrap is all I remember. Ed A few months later Ed sent me this email: Hey Tipper A couple of months ago I sent you an email about a little rhyme my mother used to recite. She would say "Tom Toddy, Tom Toddy, all head and no body. I asked if you or your dad or mom had heard it or anything like it. Well, today I was "working" I thought again about it. After a bit of googling, I found this  http://www.folkwales.org.uk/arctd7.html .  It's not verbatim but the resemblance is striking. How can it not be the same? After researching the line Ed's Mother used to say, I discovered tom-toddy is another name for a young frog or for a tadpole. And as you can see from the glossary entry below it's also apparently the name for a strange drinking game.  The tadpole part certainly fits the little rhyme.   I'm hoping some of you can shed even more light on the little rhyme. However one thing is already clear-like much of our heritage and culture it came from over the big pond with those first white settlers of Appalachia. Tipper Baa Baa Black Sheep Have You Any Wool? Yes, sir, yes, sir three bags full. One for the master, one for the dame, And one for the little boy who lives down the lane. ----------------- I don’t remember where I first learned the rhyme Baa Baa Black Sheep – maybe at school? The rhyme didn’t take on much significance to me because the only sheep I had ever seen were on tv or in books. Turns out the poem is talking about taxes and the unfairness of them. The “little boy down the lane” symbolizes farmers or everyday citizens who were subject to the Monarchy of England. The book Heavy Words Lightly Thrown The Reason Behind The Rhyme written by Christ Roberts, gives insight into the real meaning of the rhyme. “The wealth of England was largely a result of the trade in wool, hence the “woolsack” on which the Lord Chancellor still sits today in the House of Lords. The woolsack was introduced by King Edward III in the fourteenth century and though originally filled with English wool, it is currently packed with wool from each of the countries of the Commonwealth, in order to express unity among member states…. During feudal times, taxes did not go to the Chancellor or even the European Union. In the Middle Ages, farmers were required to give one-third of their income (which could be in the form of goods such as wool) to their “master”-the local lord-who would in turn pass one-third of it to the King and another third to the “dame” (representing the Church). The final third they kept for themselves or sold, and this was the part that went to the “little boy.” Another nursery rhyme that has serious grown up meaning behind it. Sort of disappointing to learn so many of the old rhymes were born out of frustration and bondage.  I suppose in those days folks used the rhymes as their own sort of free speech-they were able to say what they wanted yet claim it was nothing more than a diddy to entertain their children.  Tipper Old King Cole was a merry old soul, And a merry old soul was he. He called for his pipe, and he called for his bowl, And he called for his fiddlers three. Every fiddler he had a fiddle,                           And a very fine fiddle had he. Oh there’s none so rare, As can compare, With King Cole and his fiddlers three. or this version Old King Cole was a merry old soul, and a merry old soul was he; He called for his pipe in the middle of the night And he called for his fiddlers three. Every fiddler had a fine fiddle, and a very fine fiddle had he; Oh there's none so rare as can compare With King Cole and his fiddlers three. ------------------------ Historians say the origin of this rhyme dates all the way back to the third century. But when it comes to deciding exactly who Old King Cole was-there are varying opinions. The identity of King Cole could have been one of three different Celtic Kings of Britian: Coel Godhebog better known as Cole the Magnificent; Coel Hen, known as Coel the Old; or St. Ceneu ap Coel. Coel is the Celtic word for the English word Cole-so that explains that part. Cole the Magnificent was the Lord of Colchester -b.220 Decurion of Rome. His daughter, Helena had a son with Constantius who became Constantine the Great. Coel the Old (Coel Hen c.350-c.420) was referred to as the old because of his longevity. He reigned during the decline of the Roman Empire. He was believed to have been the last Decurion. St. Ceneu ap Coel was Coel the Old's son. St. Ceneu ap was Sainted for holding up Christian ways. The rhyme was most likely written about Coel the Old but no one knows for sure. I'm not sure when or how I learned the rhyme-probably at school. I only learned the first lines: Old King Cole was a merry old soul, And a merry old soul was he. He called for his pipe, and he called for his bowl, And he called for his fiddlers three. I always pictured a kind heavy set bearded man as Old King Cole in my mind-I still do. I also always thought it would be pretty cool to 'call' for all the things I needed and have them arrive around my chair. I have to get my own bowl when I want it-and I don't really need a pipe for anything-but it sure is nice having a fiddle player at my beck and call. I have fiddle tunes on demand...just don't tell her I said that.  Tipper *Source: Roberts, Chris. Heavy words lightly thrown: the reason behind the rhyme. Large print ed. Waterville, Me.: Thorndike Press, 2006. Print; http://www.rhymes.org.uk/old_king_cole.htm For if I do He’s sure to cry. One of our uncles used to say this rhyme to Paul when he was young. So when I hear it I think of the uncle and of Paul with a shock of blond hair falling into his big brown eyes. The rhyme could be used to describe anyone who isn’t doing their job or that has left their watch unattended. According to the book Heavy Words Lightly Thrown The Reason Behind The Rhyme written by Christ Roberts, the rhyme details Charles II and the good life he lead during his exile from Britain. While Charles II was ‘under the haystack’ troubles ‘sheep in the meadow and cows in the corn’ were plaguing his country. From the book: “The rhyme is a lament by the remaining Royalists that the country was in disarray, lacking a king to lead it (no Leviathan figure, for those familiar with Hobbe’s philosophy). Even these Cavaliers, however are critical of Charles, as the final lines contain a suggestion that he might lack a certain moral fiber and should be more vigorous in reclaiming the throne.” Do you remember Little Boy Blue? Tipper p.s. The Pressley Girls and the Blind Pig Gang will be performing this Saturday-June 28 at 12:00 p.m. at the Martins Creek Community Center's Annual Jamboree. There'll be vendors, muisc, and food come by and see us if you can! *Source: Roberts, Chris. Heavy words lightly thrown: the reason behind the rhyme. Large print ed. Waterville, Me.: Thorndike Press, 2006. Print. This old man, he played one, He played knick-knack with his thumb, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played two, He played knick-knack with my shoe, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played three, He played knick-knack on my knee, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played four, He played knick-knack at my door, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played five, He played knick-knack with his hive, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played six, He played knick-knack with his sticks, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played seven, He played knick-knack up in heaven, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played eight, He played knick-knack on my gate, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played nine, He played knick-knack rise and shine, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. This old man, he played ten, He played knick-knack on his hen, With a knick-knack, paddy whack, Give the dog a bone, This old man came rolling home. As kids we loved to sing this rhyme. I was always a little jealous of the kids who could remember every line-all the way up to 10-at least I could always chime in on the repetitive parts. The rhyme has traditionally been used to help children learn to count. It dates from the nineteenth century. The repeating words sound like nonsense words-seemingly added in to increase the rhythmic quality of the rhyme. However the book Heavy Words Lightly Thrown The Reason Behind The Rhyme written by Christ Roberts, tells us the words actually do have meaning. In 1673, knick-knack was used to describe furniture or a keepsake and is still used today to describe small figurines, photos, pieces of art, etc. In 1881 paddy-whack meant an Irishman (a derogatory term). We know giving a dog a bone is a euphemism for giving someone something to pacify them and rolling home was once used to describe someone who ‘rolled’ from drinking as they headed for home. Wikipedia has this interesting entry about the rhyme: A similar version was included in Cecil Sharp and Sabine Baring-Gould's English Folk-Songs for Schools, published in 1906. It was collected several times in England in the early twentieth century with a variety of lyrics. In 1948 it was included by Pete Seeger and Ruth Crawford in their American Folk Songs for Children and recorded by Seeger in 1953. It received a boost in popularity when it was adapted for the 1958 film The Inn of the Sixth Happiness by composer Malcolm Arnold as "The Children's Marching Song", which led to hit singles for Cyril Stapleton and Mitch Miller. In popular culture Columbo whistles this tune in almost every episode. It also appears as a motif in the musical score. Do you remember singing knick-knack paddy whack give the dog a bone? Tipper *Source: Roberts, Chris. Heavy words lightly thrown: the reason behind the rhyme. Large print ed. Waterville, Me.: Thorndike Press, 2006. Print. Yankee Doodle come to town, Riding on a pony. Stuck a feather in his cap, And called it macaroni. I remember this rhyme as being a celebratory chant of sorts in Mrs. Sult’s second grade classroom at Martins Creek Elementary. Actually a lot of the rhymes we’ve been discussing over the last several months take me back to her classroom. A lover of rhymes and poems she must have been. According to the book Heavy Words Lightly Thrown The Reason Behind The Rhyme written by Chris Roberts, the earliest mention of Yankee Doodle comes to us from 1768 when a Boston periodical mentioned the song as being a popular tune of the time. The book also tells the rhyme was a favorite mocking tool of British soldiers in the Revolutionary War, until the Americans began using the rhyme as a chant for themselves-even singing the rhyme as the British surrendered at the end of the war. In a vague sense, I always knew the rhyme was connected to the days of the Revolution; however I never understood how the macaroni part came into play. Of course in my mind I pictured the macaroni we eat today. The book Heavy Words Lightly Thrown The Reason Behind The Rhyme explains the word. In the early 1770s a group of well to do British males toured around Europe where they picked up a new style of dress. Once they were home in Britain, their styles became all the rage with even clergy taking on some of the new fads. These style changing young men were called Macaroni. So the British Gentry were taunting the hayseed Americans saying – you Yankee Doodle stuck a feather in your hat and think you’ve reached the highest style of British Macaroni. Tipper *Source: Roberts, Chris. Heavy words lightly thrown: the reason behind the rhyme. Large print ed. Waterville, Me.: Thorndike Press, 2006. Print. How does your garden grow? With silver bells and cockle-shells, And pretty maids all in a row. ------------------ This is a rhyme I remember from early childhood. My given name is Mary and someone used to say the poem to me…or maybe it was several people who said it to me. Whenever I hear the rhyme, I envision myself-little Tipper-walking around Big Grandma and Mamaw's flower garden. One of my earliest memories is of being with Mamaw in her garden. I looked down and saw a bumblebee that had landed on the collar of my sweater. I still remember how its stark bright color stood out on the light yellow yarn. Mamaw noticed something had stopped me in my tracks and then she saw the bee and shooed it away. I think she thought I was afraid of it-but I wasn't. I just somehow realized the loveliness of the bee and the moment of being with Mamaw among her flowers. Since that day the words to the rhyme Mary Mary Quiet Contrary have twined with the memory in my mind. The book Heavy Words Lightly Thrown The Reason Behind The Rhyme written by Christ Roberts, says the rhyme is indeed about Mary...but which Mary is it? Mary Tudor, Mary Queen of Scots, or even Mary the mother of Jesus. The book gives varying information, showing any of the Marys mentioned would work in the poem. However, the one that makes the best sense to me-is the Mary I remember from childhood-me. Tipper

i don't know

Which company is responsible for "The Gun that Won the West"?

The Winchester Repeating Rifle, The Gun That Won The West The Gun That Won The West 1873 Winchester Repeating Rifles Well over 100 years ago the Winchester repeating rifle was introduced to the world. The final evolution of a rifle started in 1848 when the concept of a repeating firearm was developed by Walter Hunt, who designed and manufactured the "Rocket Ball and Volition Repeater". A lever acting, tube loading repeater. His partner George Arrowsmith and a machinist named Lewis Jennings improved on the original design and were granted a US Patent in 1849. Many people were involved at the time, all of whom improved on the original design. Most notable was Benjamin Tyler Henry, the foreman of then investor Courtland Palmer. Henry would eventually have his name attached to one of the first profitable incarnations of the original design. Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson of handgun fame even had a go at the development. Smith, Wesson and Henry formed the "Volcanic Arms Company" to produce and market the final design in 1855. An investor at that time was Oliver F. Winchester. A man with no knowledge of firearms, actually being more conversant with sewing machines than firearms. But, as a shrewd investor, by 1857 he owned the majority of stock in Volcanic Arms.   Shown below are the Winchester Rifle Model 1873 (top) in 32-20 caliber and a Model 94 Carbine (bottom) in 30-30 caliber. The 1873 was not the first bearing the Winchester name. But, because of its popularity it was nicknamed "The Gun That Won The West". Anyway, back to the story... The next and probably most important development was the .44 caliber rim fire cartridge. This made a repeating rifle's power equivalent to the current single shot rifles. By this time the repeating rifles were marketed by the New Haven Arms Company, but were actually designed wholly by Henry. They all bore the inscription "NEW HAVEN CONN. PATENT FEB 14 1854". They were still Volcanic Arms rifles at that time. The New Haven Arms Company made about 13,500 rifles which came officially to be known as Henry rifles. They were an improvement of the Volcanic design. Of that most were brass frames. Both the Volcanic and Henry rifles made by New Haven are valuable collector items. One can expect near $20,000 (or more) for one in VG shape. As an aside, the most popular caliber appeared to be .38 for these. In 1866 the name was officially changed to Winchester Repeating Arms Company and was entirely owned by Winchester. It follows that the first real Winchester should be the Model 1866. The major change from the old gun was the incorporation of a totally round magazine tube. Winchester's plant foreman of the day Nelson King designed it to replace the slotted tube design. Now dirt no longer got into the works and the reliability of the gun went up considerably. In those days the frames were made of brass. Eventually the frames were made in iron, and the model number 1867 was assigned to some of them. Steel was used in 1884. The named stamped incorporated "KING'S PATENT" to signify the change. My Model 1873 is an example of the early Winchester at it's greatest popularity. It was manufactured in many calibers, but the most favoured was the .44-40. This was a center fire cartridge used in the early Colt revolver. So it was only necessary to pack one type of ammunition. .38-40 was offered in 1879 and .32-20 in 1882. Mine is the latter, and it was made in 1882. As well some were made in .22 rimfire. But by far the most popular was the .44. Round on the left is 32-20 for 1873, on right is 30-30 for 1894. Lately I have had a lot of requests about the availability of ammunition for older Winchester Rifles. My first caution is to be aware that all the rifles up to the model 94 used black powder. 32-20 Pistol ammunition is available, and fits the 73 perfectly. More is mentioned later on that subject. However, be aware that the load is smokeless, not black. I have fired them, but still do not feel comfortable doing so. I prefer to pop the bullet and reload with black powder. But, do not be tempted to fill the cartridge up with powder, they hold much more powder than is safe to fire. Get a good powder scale and use about 15.5 grains of fff ! Of all the older rounds 45-70 seems to be the only one that has survived. Only because of the military history of the things. There are a number of publications on the subject of converting newer cases to older styles. Check with Dixie Gun Works for the publications. The Model 1876 was introduced to answer the need for a larger bore, more powerful rifle There were a couple of other models between the 1873 and the 1894 that I have. They even had a go at a bolt action single shot. The 94 remains as the current lever action rifle. First introduced (naturally) in 1894, it was from a patent design by John Browning. It is noteable that this was the first rifle produced for smokeless powder. All previous models used black powder. I still handload black powder for my 73, but some folk prefer to shoot the 32-20 pistol cartridges now available. Oh yes, my 94 has a history all its own. Click here to find out about the British Columbia Rangers and the rifle in WW2 on the Canadian West Coast As a historical researcher I would be amiss to not mention the colorful history of the Winchester. Early incarnations of the rifle were good, but had lots of faults. So until Winchester and the 73 came along they were not accepted too widely. The companies were in and out of financial difficulty. The Civil War caused and cured a lot of the financial difficulties. They actually did order some Henry rifles. They are worth a lot of money if you can prove they are authenic ones inspected by C.G. Chapman and stamped with his intitials. But, the opening of the West and need to have a reliable repeating rifle became paramount. Sort of like Bill Gates and Microsoft, Winchester was the right product at the right time. And naturally the demand for the product was great with the cowboy, the cavalry and the natives. You could say they had all sides covered! It was very difficult to reload after each shot on a horse. An interesting aside is the numbers of rifles produced around the time of "Custer's Last Stand". The year after it the 1866 rifles peaked with 16,299 and the 1873 dipped to 476. I am sure this is significant, but of what I don't know. On the same subject as Custer's Last Stand, there is a hill near the battle called "Henry Hill", because of the large amount of spent Henry rifle cases that were found (and still can be found I am told). But, here is the interesting fact! Custer and his troops used the single shot Springfield rifle. The indians were the ones who used the repeating rifle. Custer was totally outgunned in his battle. The Springfield was more accurate, but once it got to close range combat he never stood a chance. To establish a "time line" 1873 happens to be the year the San Francisco Cable Car System was opened. So, even though it was the "Wild West" things were indeed rather civilized! By WW1 Winchester was the leading domestic producer of firearms. But, the end of the war saw hundreds of other firms in the market, and the position of the company started to slip. The depression just about totally killed them. In 1931 they were purchased by John M. Olin's Western Cartridge Company. From there the focus changed to sporting models. Makes sense, no war to fight, the gangsters all wanted machine guns. So what was left? In around 1963 Winchester regained its reputation and the company was once again known as a producer of quality firearms. Olin had considerable foresight in keeping the Winchester name. The final change in ownership came into the U.S. Repeating Arms Company. And in spite of several misshaps and buyouts the Winchester name lives on. And what happened to the family? Well, when Oliver and his daughter died he left behind a widow with a considerable guilt problem. Sarah turned to the psychics and was told that she had to build a place for all the spirits that Winchester had created. Thus started one of the strangest projects in history. Click here for the full story   Here is a belt buckle I picked up for $5. Will add it to my steady growing collection of "Stuff ". If you are interested in putting a value on your rifle, regardless of make get ahold of a copy of "The Standard Catalog of Firearms" by Ned Schwing (ISBN: 0-87341-675-9). For information on Black Powder versions get the catalog from Dixie Gun Works (http://www.dixiegunworks.com). They have parts breakdowns on the model 73. As well, be aware that all rifles were made in various versions and types. 73's had 3 versions, all identified by the mounting of the dust cover. The first model had grooved guides in either side (serial numers to 31000). Second model had a single guide held on by two screws (serial number to 90000). Third model had a central rail machined into the receiver. And then, they were available as rifles (24" barrel), carbines (20" barrel) and muskets (30" barrel). The poorest versions of 73's are worth about $300 US. Old, first models in VG shape can be over $10000 (for carbines). The dates for various the 73's and 94's are linked below. If you have an alphabet letter in the serial number it means the rifle has had a post manufacture repair or modification done by the factory. As well, I am sorry, but I am unable to give you a value on your rifle. Mainly to do with the liability of trying to appraise "antiquities". But, if you check the library I am sure you can get a copy of the book mentioned above. It has all that information and more.

Winchester Repeating Arms Company

What New Orleans Jazz Legend was commonly known as Satchmo, short for Satchelmouth?

The Winchester Rifle: The Gun That Won the West-Science Reference Guide-Science Reference Services, Library of Congress) Buffalo Bill Cody - Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress DEFINITIONS Rifling refers to spiral grooves that have been formed into the barrel of a firearm. It is the means by which a firearm imparts a spin to a projectile to gyroscopically stabilize it to improve accuracy. A repeating rifle is a single barreled rifle containing multiple rounds of ammunition that are loaded from a reservoir chamber (magazine) by means of a manual or automatic mechanism. BRIEF HISTORY (For a detailed history, read Stephen Hunter’s article in the Washington Post , cited below.) In the 1800s the idea of a repeating rifle was finally realized by Oliver Winchester, the largest stockholder of the New Haven Arms Co. of Connecticut. He was assigned US patent No. 5501, which protected improvements to the Henry rifle. The new technology included a spring-closed loading port on the right-hand side of the frame, directly at the rear of the magazine tube, and resulted in the first reliable lever-action repeating rifle, produced as the first Winchester, Model 1866. Famous for its rugged construction, the original Winchester rifle allowed the rifleman to fire a number of shots before having to reload: hence the term, "repeating rifle." Manufacturing of the Model 1866 started in Bridgeport, Conn. in 1867; the Winchester Repeating Arms Company moved to New Haven in 1871. The Company also manufactured and licensed to the U.S. government the M1 Carbine, the standard 30 caliber weapon used by Allied forces in World War II. The U.S. Repeating Arms Co. (owned by Herstal Group, a Belgian gun-making conglomerate that also owns Browning Arms Co.) announced in January 2006 that it would close its Winchester plant in New Haven on March 31. The plant closing will end production of a celebrated line of rifles and shotguns known collectively as "the gun that won the West." ARTICLE Hunter, Stephen. “Out With A Bang: The Loss of the Classic Winchester Is Loaded With Symbolism.”    Washington Post, January 20, 2006; Page C01. BOOKS <SciRR> indicates books in the Science Reading Room. The History of Winchester firearms 1866-1992. 6th ed. Edited by Thomas Henshaw. Clinton, NJ, Winchester Press, c1993. 268 p.    TS533.2.H57 1993 Smith, W.H.B. and Joseph E. Smith. The book of rifles. 4th ed. Harrisburg, PA, The Stackpole Co., 1972. 656 p.    Revised and enl. ed. of author’s The N.R.A. book of small arms, v. 2, Rifles, published in 1948.    TS535.S548 1963 <SciRR> Walter, John. Rifles of the world. 2nd ed. Iola, WI, Krause Publications, c1998. 510 p.    "The definitive illustrated guide to the world’s centrefire & rimfire rifles."    TS536.4.W39 1998 <SciRR> Walter, John. The guns that won the West: firearms on the American frontier, 1848-1898. London, Greenhill Books, Mechanicsburg, PA. Stackpole Books, 1999. 288 p.    Includes bibliographical references.

i don't know

There are no member countries of the United Nations that begin with the letter x or what other letter?

Member States | United Nations United Nations On 19 September 1991, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic informed the United Nations that it had changed its name to Belarus.   UN Statistics on Bosnia and Herzegovina The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations, the Charter having been signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified 19 October 1945, until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission as new Members of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Croatia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/238  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/237  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Slovenia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/236  of 22 May 1992. By resolution  A/RES/47/225  of 8 April 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/55/12  of 1 November 2000. On 4 February 2003, following the adoption and promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the official name of " Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. In a letter dated 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia informed the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence. Montenegro held a 21 May 2006 referendum and declared itself independent from Serbia on 3 June. On 28 June 2006 it was accepted as a United Nations Member State by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/60/264 .   The Republic of Cabo Verde changed its official name from The Republic of Cape Verde on 24 October 2013 in a request submitted to the Secretary-General by the country's Permanent Representative to the United Nations.   UN Statistics on Croatia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations, the Charter having been signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified 19 October 1945, until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission as new Members of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/237  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Croatia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/238  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Slovenia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/236  of 22 May 1992. By resolution A/RES/47/225 of 8 April 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/55/12  of 1 November 2000. On 4 February 2003, following the adoption and promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the official name of " Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. In a letter dated 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia informed the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence. Montenegro held a 21 May 2006 referendum and declared itself independent from Serbia on 3 June. On 28 June 2006 it was accepted as a United Nations Member State by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/60/264 .   UN Statistics on Czech Republic Czechoslovakia was an original Member of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. In a letter dated 10 December 1992, its Permanent Representative informed the Secretary-General that the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic would cease to exist on 31 December 1992 and that the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, as successor States, would apply for membership in the United Nations. Following the receipt of their application, the Security Council, on 8 January 1993, recommended to the General Assembly that the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic be both admitted to United Nations membership. Both the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were thus admitted on 19 January of that year as Member States. On 17 May 2016 the Permanent Mission of the Czech Republic to the United Nations informed the UN that the short name to be used for the country is Czechia.   Democratic People's Republic of Korea 17-09-91 Democratic Republic of the Congo 20-09-60 Zaire joined the United Nations on 20 September 1960.  On 17 May 1997, its name was changed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.    UN Statistics on Egypt Egypt and Syria were original Members of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. Following a plebiscite on 21 February 1958, the United Arab Republic was established by a union of Egypt and Syria and continued as a single Member. On 13 October 1961, Syria, having resumed its status as an independent State, resumed its separate membership in the United Nations. On 2 September 1971, the United Arab Republic changed its name to the Arab Republic of Egypt.   Gambia (Islamic Republic of the) 21-09-65 UN Statistics on Germany The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic were admitted to membership in the United Nations on 18 September 1973.  Through the accession of the German Democratic Republic to the Federal Republic of Germany, effective from 3 October 1990, the two German States united to form one sovereign State.   UN Statistics on Indonesia By letter of 20 January 1965, Indonesia announced its decision to withdraw from the United Nations "at this stage and under the present circumstances". By telegram of 19 September 1966, it announced its decision "to resume full cooperation with the United Nations and to resume participation in its activities". On 28 September 1966, the General Assembly took note of this decision and the President invited representatives of Indonesia to take seats in the Assembly.   Lao People’s Democratic Republic 14-12-55 UN Statistics on Libya Following the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 66/1, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations of a Declaration by the National Transitional Council of 3 August changing the official name of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to "Libya" and changing Libya's national flag.   UN Statistics on Malaysia The Federation of Malaya joined the United Nations on 17 September 1957. On 16 September 1963, its name was changed to Malaysia, following the admission to the new federation of Singapore, Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak. Singapore became an independent State on 9 August 1965 and a Member of the United Nations on 21 September 1965.   UN Statistics on Montenegro The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations, the Charter having been signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified 19 October 1945, until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission as new Members of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/237  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Croatia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/238  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Slovenia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/236  of 22 May 1992. By resolution  A/RES/47/225  of 8 April 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/55/12  of 1 November 2000. On 4 February 2003, following the adoption and promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the official name of " Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. In a letter dated 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia informed the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence. Montenegro held a 21 May 2006 referendum and declared itself independent from Serbia on 3 June. On 28 June 2006 it was accepted as a United Nations Member State by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/60/264 .   UN Statistics on Russian Federation The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was an original Member of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. In a letter dated 24 December 1991, Boris Yeltsin, the President of the Russian Federation, informed the Secretary-General that the membership of the Soviet Union in the Security Council and all other United Nations organs was being continued by the Russian Federation with the support of the 11 member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16-09-80 UN Statistics on Serbia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations, the Charter having been signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified 19 October 1945, until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission as new Members of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/237  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Croatia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/238  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Slovenia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/236  of 22 May 1992. By resolution  A/RES/47/225  of 8 April 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/55/12  of 1 November 2000. On 4 February 2003, following the adoption and promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the official name of " Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. In a letter dated 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia informed the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence.    UN Statistics on Singapore The Federation of Malaya joined the United Nations on 17 September 1957. On 16 September 1963, its name was changed to Malaysia, following the admission to the new federation of Singapore, Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak. Singapore became an independent State on 9 August 1965 and a Member of the United Nations on 21 September 1965.   UN Statistics on Slovakia Czechoslovakia was an original Member of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. In a letter dated 10 December 1992, its Permanent Representative informed the Secretary-General that the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic would cease to exist on 31 December 1992 and that the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, as successor States, would apply for membership in the United Nations. Following the receipt of their application, the Security Council, on 8 January 1993, recommended to the General Assembly that the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic be both admitted to United Nations membership. Both the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were thus admitted on 19 January of that year as Member States.   UN Statistics on Slovenia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations, the Charter having been signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified 19 October 1945, until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission as new Members of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/237  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Croatia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/238  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Slovenia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/236  of 22 May 1992. By resolution  A/RES/47/225  of 8 April 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/55/12  of 1 November 2000. On 4 February 2003, following the adoption and promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the official name of " Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. In a letter dated 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia informed the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence. Montenegro held a 21 May 2006 referendum and declared itself independent from Serbia on 3 June. On 28 June 2006 it was accepted as a United Nations Member State by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/60/264 .   UN Statistics on South Sudan The Republic of South Sudan formally seceded from Sudan on 9 July 2011 as a result of an internationally monitored referendum held in January 2011, and ‎was admitted as a new Member State ‎by the United Nations General Assembly on 14 ‎July 2011.   UN Statistics on Syrian Arab Republic Egypt and Syria were original Members of the United Nations from 24 October 1945. Following a plebiscite on 21 February 1958, the United Arab Republic was established by a union of Egypt and Syria and continued as a single Member. On 13 October 1961, Syria, having resumed its status as an independent State, resumed its separate membership in the United Nations. On 2 September 1971, the United Arab Republic changed its name to the Arab Republic of Egypt.   The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 08-04-93 UN Statistics on The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an original Member of the United Nations, the Charter having been signed on its behalf on 26 June 1945 and ratified 19 October 1945, until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission as new Members of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/237  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Croatia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/238  of 22 May 1992. The Republic of Slovenia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/46/236  of 22 May 1992. By resolution  A/RES/47/225  of 8 April 1993, the General Assembly decided to admit as a Member of the United Nations the State being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the United Nations as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was admitted as a Member of the United Nations by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/55/12  of 1 November 2000. On 4 February 2003, following the adoption and promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the official name of " Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" was changed to Serbia and Montenegro. In a letter dated 3 June 2006, the President of the Republic of Serbia informed the Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro was being continued by the Republic of Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence. Montenegro held a 21 May 2006 referendum and declared itself independent from Serbia on 3 June. On 28 June 2006 it was accepted as a United Nations Member State by General Assembly resolution  A/RES/60/264 .  

W

According to the modern NFL rules, what is the range of numbers that a quarterback can wear?

France Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs Fact Sheet July 21, 2016 More information about France is available on the France Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet. U.S.-FRANCE RELATIONS The United States and France established diplomatic relations in 1778 following the United States' declaration of independence from Great Britain, and France provided key assistance to the United States as an ally during its war of independence. The Vichy Government of France severed diplomatic relations with the United States in 1942 during World War II; relations were normalized in 1944. The United States and France are among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (P5). Relations between the United States and France are active and friendly. The two countries share common values and have parallel policies on most political, economic, and security issues. Differences are discussed frankly and have not generally been allowed to impair the pattern of close cooperation that characterizes relations between the two countries. Ambassador Jane D. Hartley arrived at Embassy Paris in October 2014. The U.S. and France work closely on many issues, most notably in combating terrorism, efforts to stem the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and on regional problems, including in Africa, the Middle East, the Balkans, and Central Asia. As one of the P5+1 powers and as a leader of the European Union, France is working to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. France is a major contributor to the Counter-ISIL Coalition. In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, France fully supports U.S. engagement in the peace process. France is one of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) top five troop contributors. The French support NATO modernization efforts and are leading contributors to the NATO Response Force. France also closely collaborates with the U.S. on international public health threats like Ebola. U.S. Assistance to France The United States provides no development assistance to France. Bilateral Economic Relations France is a member of the European Union and is the United States’ third-largest trading partner in Europe (after Germany and the U.K.). Trade and investment between the United States and France are strong. On average, over $1 billion in commercial transactions, including sales of U.S. and French foreign affiliates, take place every day. U.S. exports to France include industrial chemicals, aircraft and engines, electronic components, telecommunications, computer software, computers and peripherals, analytical and scientific instrumentation, medical instruments and supplies, and broadcasting equipment. The United States is the top destination for French investment and the United States is the largest foreign investor in France. The United States and France have a bilateral convention on investment and a bilateral tax treaty addressing, among other things, double taxation and tax evasion. France's Membership in International Organizations France and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations, including the United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, G-20, G-7, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization. France also is an observer to the Organization of American States. Bilateral Representation The U.S. Ambassador to France is Jane D. Hartley ; other principal embassy officials are listed in the Department's Key Officers List . France maintains an embassy in the United States at 4101 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20007 (tel. 202-944-6000). More information about France is available from the Department of State and other sources, some of which are listed here:

i don't know

On December 10, 1906, which totally badassed US president won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War, the first American ever to win a Nobel Prize?

Theodore Roosevelt - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Theodore Roosevelt A+E Networks Introduction The rising young Republican politician Theodore Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the United States in September 1901, after the assassination of William McKinley. Young and physically robust, he brought a new energy to the White House, and won a second term on his own merits in 1904. Roosevelt confronted the bitter struggle between management and labor head-on and became known as the great “trust buster” for his strenuous efforts to break up industrial combinations under the Sherman Antitrust Act. He was also a dedicated conservationist, setting aside some 200 million acres for national forests, reserves and wildlife refuges during his presidency. In the foreign policy arena, Roosevelt won a Nobel Peace Prize for his negotiations to end the Russo-Japanese War and spearheaded the beginning of construction on the Panama Canal. After leaving the White House and going on safari in Africa, he returned to politics in 1912, mounting a failed run for president at the head of a new Progressive Party. Google Theodore Roosevelt’s Early Life and Career Theodore Roosevelt was born on October 27, 1858, into a wealthy family in New York City. Known as “Teedie”–later “Teddy”–he was frail and sickly as a boy, and as a teenager followed a program of gymnastics and weightlifting to build up his strength. Upon graduating from Harvard College in 1880, Roosevelt married Alice Hathaway Lee and entered Columbia University Law School, though he dropped out after only one year to enter public service. He was elected to the New York State Assembly at the age of 23, and served two terms (1882-84). Both his wife and mother died on the same day in 1884, and the grieving Roosevelt spent the next two years on a ranch he owned in the Badlands of the Dakota Territory, where he hunted big game, drove cattle and worked as a frontier sheriff. Upon returning to New York, he married his childhood sweetheart, Edith Kermit Carow. The couple would raise six children, including Roosevelt’s daughter from his first marriage, Alice. Did You Know? Early in his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt sparked a scandal when he invited the African-American educator Booker T. Washington to dine with him and his family; he was the first president ever to entertain a black man in the White House. In 1886, Roosevelt ran unsuccessfully for mayor of New York City. Two years later, President Benjamin Harrison rewarded Roosevelt’s service to the Republican Party with a job on the U.S. Civil Service Commission; he was reappointed by Harrison’s successor, Grover Cleveland . In 1895, Roosevelt became president of the New York City Board of Police Commissioners, and in 1897 William McKinley named him as assistant secretary of the U.S. Navy. Upon the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in 1898, Roosevelt left his post as naval secretary to become colonel of the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, known as the “Rough Riders.” Once in Cuba, Roosevelt led the Rough Riders in a brave, costly uphill charge in the Battle of San Juan; he returned home as one of the war’s most visible heroes. Teddy Roosevelt’s Unexpected Path to the White House The Republican political machine in New York threw their considerable support behind the returning war hero, helping Roosevelt defeat a popular Democratic candidate to win the governorship. Once elected, Roosevelt displayed his characteristic independence and unwillingness to buckle to the pressure of party bosses. In 1900, the leading New York Republican Thomas C. Platt conspired with national party boss Mark Hanna to get Roosevelt named as McKinley’s running mate, in order to keep him from running for a second term in the governor’s office. Roosevelt campaigned vigorously for McKinley, traveling by train for more than 21,000 miles to speak in 24 states, and McKinley and Roosevelt won in a landslide over Democrats William Jennings Bryan and Adlai E. Stevenson. On September 6, 1901, a deranged anarchist named Leon Czolgosz shot McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley died eight days later, and Roosevelt was sworn in as the 26th president. Only 42 years old when he took office, he was the youngest president in the nation’s history, and his youth and vigor immediately transformed the public image of the presidency. From the time of his First Annual Message to Congress in December 1901, Roosevelt expressed the progressive belief that government should mediate between conflicting forces (including capital and labor, isolationism and expansionism and conservation and development) in order to stabilize American society. Theodore Roosevelt’s Domestic Policy Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations, or trusts, which threatened to restrain trade. In 1902, his government brought a successful suit under the previously ineffective Sherman Antitrust Act against the Northern Securities Company, a railroad combination formed by James J. Hill, E.H. Harriman and J.P. Morgan . That same year, he intervened in a prolonged coal strike in Pennsylvania , using a combination of negotiation tactics to halt the strike and gain a modest pay increase for the miners. Roosevelt also used his executive power to further his passion for conservationism. In June 1902, the National Reclamation Act (dedicated to large-scale irrigation projects in the American West) became the first major legislative achievement of his presidency. In addition, Roosevelt set aside almost 200 million acres–almost five times as much land as all his predecessors combined–for national forests, reserves and wildlife refuges. Despite his progressivism and his reputation as a “trust buster,” Roosevelt was able to amass the support of more conservative Republicans and business interests and win a landslide victory over the Democrats in 1904. He was the first president to win reelection after gaining the White House due to the death of his predecessor. Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy Like McKinley, Roosevelt sought to bring the United States out of its isolationism and fulfill its responsibility as a world power. He believed that America should “speak softly and carry a big stick” in the realm of international affairs and that its president should be willing to use force to back up his diplomatic negotiations. Roosevelt followed this big-stick policy most conspicuously in his dealings in Latin America. In 1903, he helped Panama secede from Colombia in order to facilitate the beginning of construction on the Panama Canal , which he later claimed as his greatest accomplishment as president. The following year, after several European nations had attempted to forcibly collect on debts owed to them by Latin American nations, Roosevelt issued a “corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the United States would bar foreign intervention in Latin America and act to police the hemisphere, ensuring that countries paid their international debts. To prepare the United States for its expanded role on the world stage, Roosevelt sought to build up the country’s defenses, and by the end of his presidency he had transformed the U.S. Navy into a major international force at sea. Outside the Western Hemisphere, he led negotiations to end the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-05, winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. He also reached an agreement with Japan that traded diplomatic recognition of that country in return for Japan’s acceptance of the ongoing U.S. presence in the Philippines. Theodore Roosevelt: After the White House As the 1908 election approached, Roosevelt prepared grudgingly to fulfill the campaign pledge he had made in 1904 not to seek another term, and threw his support behind Secretary of War William Howard Taft . Immediately after leaving office in early 1909, Roosevelt left for a 10-month African safari and a tour of Europe, where he enjoyed international acclaim. Upon his return, Roosevelt found that President Taft had failed to follow through on the promised program of progressive reforms, instead siding with the more conservative wing of the Republican Party. Incensed, Roosevelt campaigned against Taft for the Republican nomination in 1912; when that effort failed, he and his supporters bolted to form the Progressive Party, popularly known as the Bull Moose Party. (Roosevelt had once referred to himself in a letter as being “as strong as a bull moose.”) While campaigning in Milwaukee, Roosevelt was shot in the chest by a fanatic, but soon recovered. With the Republican Party split, Democrat Woodrow Wilson took the White House, winning 435 electoral votes to Roosevelt’s 88 (Taft received only eight). Despite the loss, Roosevelt’s run marked the most successful third-party effort in American history, and many of Wilson’s progressive reforms over the next eight years would echo Roosevelt’s 1912 platform. Roosevelt was an early advocate of American entry into World War I , which broke out in Europe in 1914, and strongly criticized Wilson’s early policy of neutrality. Once the United States entered the war in 1917, all four of Roosevelt’s sons volunteered to fight; his beloved youngest son, Quentin, was shot down and killed while flying a mission over Germany. Politically and physically active until the end, Roosevelt died in his sleep on January 6, 1919, at his family home in Oyster Bay, New York, at the age of 60. Access hundreds of hours of historical video, commercial free, with HISTORY Vault . Start your free trial today. Tags

Theodore Roosevelt

The Curious Case of Benjamin Buttons, the story (and movie) about a boy/man who ages in reverse, was written by what great Jazz Age writer?

World War One Woodrow Wilson   World War One, WOODROW WILSON The president who led the nation through the hard years of World War I was Woodrow Wilson. He was probably the only president who was a brilliant student and teacher as well as a statesman. He had been a college professor, president of Princeton University, and the author of books on American government. He had also been governor of New Jersey. Woodrow Wilson worked out his political beliefs in the classroom. Then he entered politics to put his theories of government into practice. Appearance and Personality Wilson was a slender man, about five feet eleven inches tall. He had a high forehead, high cheekbones, long, thin nose, and long jaw, thrust forward in a stubborn line. His blue-gray eyes, behind rimless nose glasses, had a way of narrowing when he talked, giving him a stern, almost grim expression. He could be cold and disagreeable with men he felt were not sympathetic to him. In fact his greatest fault was his inability to work with those who were not willing to follow his lead completely. He had absolute confidence in his own judgment. His family and his many close friends knew him as a totally different kind of man--affectionate, charming, generous, and full of fun. He might have been a successful vaudeville actor. He could dance a jig and the cakewalk. He told delightful stories in black, Scottish, and Irish dialects and wrote nonsense jingles. His friends went into gales of laughter over his imitations of mutual acquaintances. He sang well and he had a beautiful speaking voice. Above all, he loved good conversation. Clever, well-bred people who understood him brought out the best qualities of his brilliant and witty mind. His friends made up a very important part of his life. Once a friendship with him was broken, however, he could never again resume it. A Family of Ministers and Educators Woodrow Wilson was born into a family of Presbyterian ministers and teachers. His grandfather, James Wilson, migrated to the United States from Ulster, Ireland, in 1807. He married an Irish girl, Anne Adams, who came on the same ship. James Wilson became a newspaper publisher in Steubenville, Ohio. One of his sons, Joseph Ruggles Wilson, was Woodrow Wilson's father. He became a Presbyterian minister. Wilson's mother was Janet (Jessie) Woodrow. She was born in Carlisle, England, just across the border from Scotland. Her father, Thomas Woodrow, was a Scottish Presbyterian minister. In 1836 he brought his family to the United States. In time he settled in Ohio, and there his daughter and Joseph Ruggles Wilson were married. Childhood and Schooling Thomas Woodrow Wilson was born Christmas week, Dec. 28, 1856, in Staunton, Va., where his father was minister of the First Presbyterian Church. He had two older sisters, Marion and Anne. A brother, Joseph Ruggles Wilson, Jr., was ten years younger. Tommy, as he was called in his childhood, was a year old when the family moved to Augusta, Ga. He remembered as a child of four standing beside the garden gate and hearing a man say in great excitement that Mr. Lincoln was elected and there was to be war. He ran into the house to ask his father what it meant. He was to see a great deal of the destruction and waste of war in the South and to learn to hate it. The Wilson family was happy and affectionate. Tommy and his father were unusually close. The boy did not go to school until he was 13. Until then his father had been his only teacher. Dr. Wilson took the boy on visits to the neighboring cotton gin, corn mill, iron foundry, and ammunition plant and explained how they operated. He taught him to look up unfamiliar words in the dictionary and to repeat them until he could use them easily. He taught him how to write simply and express his meaning exactly. This skill with words helped make Wilson famous. Tommy's interest in parliamentary law began when he was a boy. He organized and made himself president of a club, the Lightfoots, which played baseball and engaged in various secret and adventurous activities. They met in the hayloft of Dr. Wilson's barn. Tommy wrote a constitution for the club and conducted its meetings according to 'Robert's Rules of Order'. The boys were impressed with their leader. They would have been more impressed if they could have known that this tall, thin boy with spectacles, big ears, and a pale face would one day write the constitution for the League of Nations. In 1870, when the boy was 14, the family moved to Columbia, S.C. It was a lonely period, and he amused himself by studying nautical terms and writing a fanciful yarn of the sea. He imagined himself to be Admiral Wilson of the United States Navy, whose fleet destroyed a nest of pirates in the South Pacific. The story took the form of daily reports, directed to the Navy Department at Washington, D.C. He began to read books on the science of government. A picture of William Gladstone hung over his desk. He explained to his cousin: "That is Gladstone, the greatest statesman that ever lived. I intend to be a statesman too." The College Student In 1873 he entered Davidson College in North Carolina. He was badly prepared for college. By the end of the term his health broke down from overwork. After 15 months of studying by himself he entered Princeton, then known as the College of New Jersey. Here he discovered the fine qualities of his mind and gained a confidence in himself which he never lost. He studied the art of public speaking and was active in the college debating society. In his senior year he wrote a brilliant essay on "Cabinet Government in the United States." He dropped the name Thomas and signed himself "Woodrow Wilson." After his graduation from Princeton in 1879 he entered the University of Virginia to study law. He took his law degree in 1882 and entered into a partnership, Renick and Wilson, in Atlanta, Ga. A brief struggle to build up a practice convinced him that he would never make a successful lawyer. He returned to the "advantages and delights of study" in 1883. This time he spent two years at Johns Hopkins University studying history and political science. For all his brilliance, Wilson never stood at the top of his class. He refused to study subjects that bored him, and he had great contempt for the pursuit of high marks and academic degrees. He took his degree of doctor of philosophy from Johns Hopkins only at the insistence of friends who pointed out that it meant a higher salary as a teacher. He submitted as his dissertation a book on 'Congressional Government', which was published in 1885, a year after he left the university. In this penetrating study he made the point that congressional government, as practiced in the United States, divides responsibility and thus lends itself to inefficiency and corruption. The College Professor When he was 29 years old he started on his career as an educator. He was associate professor of history at Bryn Mawr College (for women) (1885-88) and then professor of history and political economy at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. (1888-90). In 1890 he returned as professor of jurisprudence and political economy to the College of New Jersey. In the next 20 years he was to see it grow into the great Princeton University. For eight years (1902-10) he was president of the university. Year after year the Princeton students elected him their most popular professor. He was an inspiring teacher. He had small respect for the kind of mind that accumulates facts and dates. He believed in the importance of "developing the mind by using it rather than stuffing it." "The essence of the cultured mind is its capacity for relating knowledge," he declared. They were busy years. In addition to teaching he had published 'Congressional Government' (1885), 'The State' (1889), 'Division and Reunion' (1893), 'George Washington' (1896), 'A History of the American People' (1902), and 'Constitutional Government in the United States' (1908). He wrote many essays and book reviews and was in great demand as a lecturer. He was always overworked and suffered repeated sick spells which required long periods of rest. Historians have suspected that he suffered perhaps as many as three strokes--two minor and one more serious--during the 1890s. In 1906 he was told that he must retire and lead a very quiet life, but he kept on going. Without the help and sympathy of his wife, he could never have accomplished all that he did. Marriage and Family Life He had married Ellen Axson of Rome, Ga., in 1885. They had three daughters--Margaret (born in 1886), Jessie (1887), and Eleanor (1889). His wife saw that he had quiet for his working hours, freedom from money worries, and the frequent association of intellectual friends. On the small salary of a teacher they managed to help their younger relatives get a college education by opening their home to them. A friend of later years wrote, "The more I am with the Wilsons the more I am struck by their unrivaled home life. I have never dreamed such sweetness and love could be." President of Princeton University As president of Princeton, Wilson launched his first reform crusade--to build a university that would produce leaders and statesmen. The first problem was to get rid of the upper-class eating clubs. "The side-shows are swallowing up the circus," he remarked. The second was to establish a stronger graduate college. He proposed a plan in which graduates and undergraduates should live together in small colleges presided over by teachers and tutors. Students and professors would benefit by the mutual stimulation of cultured, scholarly ideals. He succeeded in reorganizing the courses of study and in adding to the faculty 47 young scholars, called preceptors. Their duty was individual supervision of the students and the development of small discussion groups. But on the major issues he failed. Students and alumni opposed elimination of social clubs. A group in the faculty was determined to place the graduate college under a separate administration and to house its students in a quadrangle far removed from the undergraduate campus, libraries, and laboratories. Wilson was convinced that such plans reduced the graduate college to little more than an expensive hall of residence. When two alumni willed several million dollars to the graduate college on condition that the opposition's plans be carried out, Wilson was defeated. He felt that the issue was between democracy and the power of money and special privilege. Reform Governor of New Jersey The Princeton battle attracted wide publicity and led to his election as governor of New Jersey in 1910. He showed his independence and his capacity for getting things done. Again, as at Princeton, he plunged into battle with forces he was convinced opposed the public good. New Jersey was run by a group of political bosses who thought they could use Wilson as a respectable front. He side-stepped the Democratic party machine and appealed directly to the voters for support of his program. In a little over a year he put through a public utility control act, a corrupt political practices act, a workmen's compensation act, and a direct primary act. These bold reforms attracted national attention to the college president turned politician. In 1912 he won the Democratic party's nomination for president of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt split the Republican party and Wilson won the election. The electoral vote was 435 for Wilson, 88 for Roosevelt, and 8 for Taft. But Wilson won only 42 percent of the popular vote. The combined vote for Roosevelt and Taft exceeded Wilson's by more than 1,300,000. Life in the White House The Wilson family was far from happy about the prospect of going to the White House. The outgoing president, William Howard Taft, said to them, "I'm glad to be going--this is the lonesomest place in the world." Eleanor Wilson wrote in her memoirs that the day before her father's inauguration she wept until she was exhausted, crying, "It will kill them--it will kill them both." Yet the Wilson family adapted themselves very quickly to life in the White House. Mrs. Wilson made a simple and democratic home, as she had done wherever they went. Two weddings took place in the White House in the first two years. Jessie married Francis B. Sayre on Nov. 26, 1913, and Eleanor married William Gibbs McAdoo on May 7, 1914. Mrs. Wilson's health began to fail early in 1914. Her ability to endear herself to everyone was indicated by an action of Congress. Informed that she was sinking, they hastily passed a bill for slum clearance in Washington, which she had very much at heart, so that she might be told of it before she died, in August of that year. Dependent as he had always been on his wife's companionship, the president became lonely and depressed. Through his personal physician, Col. Cary Grayson, he met a beautiful and gracious widow, Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt. Wilson and Mrs. Galt were married in December 1915. A Political Reformer in the White House Wilson called his philosophy of government the "new freedom." "What I am interested in is having the government of the United States more concerned about human rights than about property rights," he declared. Convinced that strong executive leadership was necessary for progress, he went further than any other president in forcing his wishes on Congress. He called Congress in extra session early in April 1913 and addressed the two houses in person. This broke a precedent of long standing. From time to time after that he went before Congress with parts of his program. The result was a mass of progressive legislation unequaled in any administration up to that time. Tariff reform. The Underwood-Simmons tariff lowered duties on more than a hundred items. A tariff commission was established in 1916 to study tariffs and make recommendations. Income tax. To offset the loss in revenue from tariff reductions, a graduated income tax law was enacted as authorized by the newly adopted 16th Amendment to the Constitution. It was levied according to wealth. Currency and credit reform. The Federal Reserve banking system was established, and a board of control was set up to administer the system. For the first time in American history, finance and credits were placed under government direction. The Federal Farm Loan Act created 12 farm loan-banks to give cheap and easy credit to farmers and tenants. Regulation of business. The Federal Trade Commission was created, with power to forbid unfair business practices. The Clayton Act, designed to strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, defined the methods of competition that the Commission was empowered to forbid. It made officers of corporations liable for illegal acts of those corporations, exempted labor unions from antitrust acts, and forbade the use of labor injunctions except where necessary to protect property. Other social legislation. The La Follette Seamen's bill required better living and working conditions for ocean and lake sailors. The Adamson Act set an eight-hour working day for railroad workers. Diplomacy in Latin America Congress in 1912 had enacted a Panama tolls law that violated the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901 with Great Britain, guaranteeing equal treatment in the use of the canal. Wilson persuaded Congress to repeal the act. American businessmen were investing heavily in the mines, railroads, and other resources of Latin America. Wilson announced soon after his inauguration that he would abandon "dollar diplomacy." This meant that investors could no longer expect the United States government to protect their interests. Nevertheless, Wilson permitted United States intervention to restore order in Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. In 1914 the Marines seized the port of Veracruz, Mexico, when Mexican police arrested several American sailors. Mediation by the "A B C powers" (Argentina, Brazil, and Chile) averted war. In March 1916 a Mexican rebel, Francisco (Pancho) Villa, raided Columbus, N. M., killing 17 Americans. With the permission of President Carranza of Mexico, the United States sent an expedition into Mexico under Gen. John J. Pershing. They failed to catch Villa and were withdrawn in January 1917. Wilson and World War I In the summer of 1914 all Europe was plunged into war. Wilson called upon the United States to be neutral "even in spirit," but few Americans were able to remain impartial. For two years the president made every effort to avoid war. Even after the unarmed British liner Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine with a loss of almost 1,200 lives including 124 Americans, he argued: "There is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight." In 1916 he was reelected. He defeated the Republican candidate Charles Evans Hughes by an electoral vote of 277 to 254. The campaign slogan "He kept us out of war" probably won him more popular votes than any other factor. After the election Wilson tried to end the war by active mediation. The Germans, however, resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. On April 2, 1917, the president asked Congress for a declaration of war. Before a joint session of the two houses he read the solemn words, "The present German submarine warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind. It is a war against all nations. . . . We are accepting this challenge. . . . The world must be made safe for democracy." On April 6, Congress declared war. In the next 18 months the United States built an army of 4 million men by conscription, sent 2 million men overseas to France, and united the entire population behind the war effort. A vast propaganda machine was created under the title of the Committee on Public Information. The words of Wilson reached the German people by radio for the first time in history. Leaflets were scattered from airplanes, shot from guns and rockets, and smuggled behind the enemy lines. Wilson said that this was a "war to end war." He spoke of "peace without victory" and without revenge. On Jan. 8, 1918, he announced his Fourteen Points as the basis for a peace settlement. They were more than peace terms; they were terms for a better world. He followed this speech with his famous "self-determination" speech on February 11 in which he said: "National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. 'Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action. . . . " The Battle for the Peace Treaty The war came to an end on Nov. 11, 1918. The German proposals for peace came in the midst of the Congressional elections. Wilson appealed to the people to support his policies by returning a Democratic majority to both houses. The party was defeated, however, and with a Republican majority in control he was no longer able to lead the Congress. Against the advice of those close to him, the president decided to attend the peace conference in Paris and fight for his policies in person. He took with him few advisers, and none from the Republican party. On December 13 he arrived in Europe. Probably no man has ever been given such an ovation. Wherever he went enormous crowds gathered, sobbing, cheering, shouting his name. The peace conference dragged on week after weary week. David Lloyd George of England, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, all were experienced and shrewd diplomats and each was determined to have his own way. The endless arguing and the official receptions and banquets frayed Wilson's nerves. He suffered a brief but severe illness. Thereafter he was more tense, nervous, and irritable. The peace as agreed upon in June 1919 did contain many of his ideas. His greatest success was in writing into the Versailles Treaty the Covenant (constitution) of a League of Nations. On July 10, 1919, he laid it before a hostile Senate, led by Henry Cabot Lodge and a "little group of willful men," as Wilson called them. They were especially opposed to the League of Nations, but Wilson refused to compromise his dream. In search of popular support that would overwhelm the Senate, he toured the country in defense of the League. Exhausted, he collapsed in Pueblo, Colo., late in September. A stroke left him paralyzed. For a month only his wife and his doctor were allowed to see him. Then, with his wife guiding his hand, he placed a wobbly signature on major bills. Only a strong will kept him alive. When Secretary of State Robert Lansing presumed to call Cabinet meetings, Wilson promptly dismissed him. He refused to let his vice-president, Thomas R. Marshall, take charge. In her memoirs Edith Wilson said that the president remained the active head of state, making decisions on the basis of digests that she had prepared. Wilson was unable to participate in the 1920 presidential campaign, and the Democratic candidate, James M. Cox, was overwhelmingly defeated by the Republican Warren G. Harding. Wilson died on Feb. 3, 1924. He was buried in the National Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul in Washington, D.C.  

i don't know

What drink consists of equal parts of stout beer and champagne, usually served in a champagne flute?

Bartending/Cocktails/Glossary - Wikibooks, open books for an open world Bartending/Cocktails/Glossary Bartending Guide  · Cocktails (section)  · Cocktails (category)   This is an A–Z list of all cocktail recipes in the Wikibooks Bartending Guide . Since this is a manually edited list, you also might want to check the automated category listing for new entries not yet added to this list. Adding a new cocktail? Please use the new template {{ Cocktails list entry }} to help us get things organized. Thanks! Please note: To make it easier to maintain this list into the future, sections are being moved one letter at a time into subpages. Until that process is complete, you will need to use the contents list below or scroll down the page. Eventually, the contents list above will be all that you need. We apologize for the inconvenience. On this page: 1 oz (3 cl) vodka 1 oz (3 cl) rum 1 oz (3 cl) tequila 1 oz (3 cl) gin 1 oz (3 cl) blue Curaçao splash of sour mix top with 7-Up or other citrus soda Description: Typically a pale, semi-translucent blue in color. Method: Pour equal parts of vodka, rum, tequila, gin, and blue Curaçao. Add a splash of sour mix, and then top up with 7-Up. Serve on the rocks in a highball glass. Note: In some places, a more polite name is used, such as AMF, Blue Motorcycle, or China Blue. 1 tsp Bailey's Irish Cream Blue Curacao (optional) 2 drops of Grenadine syrup Description: Looks almost exactly like it sounds. Appears as a small brain at the top of the shot glass with a layer of red at the bottom. Method: Fill shot glass halfway with Peach Schnapps. Slowly add about 1 tsp Bailey's Irish Cream until the shot glass is almost full. Optionally add a little Blue Curacao and finally add 2 drops of Grenadine syrup. Tabasco sauce ground cinnamon Method: Mix equal parts vodka and Tabasco sauce in a shot glass. Carefully ignite it with a lighter. It may be necessary to warm the drink a bit to get it to burn. While it burns, sprinkle some ground cinnamon on the flame and watch it burn. 1 part sloe gin top with orange juice Method: Pour and then shake with ice and strain into shot glass or cordial. Slam it down. Notes: If you have no sloe gin, grenadine syrup can be substituted. Drink as a shooter or as a cocktail. See also: ½ oz (1.5 cl) gin or brandy ½ oz (1.5 cl) heavy cream ½ oz (1.5 cl) white crème de cacao nutmeg descr = After-dinner cocktail Method: Combine ingredients over ice, shake, and strain into a cocktail glass. Sprinkle nutmeg on top. Note: It is said to be named after Czar Alexander II of Russia. 1 oz (3 cl) amaretto liqueur 4 oz (12nbsp;cl) cream 1 oz (3 cl) Campari 1 oz (3 cl) red vermouth A splash of soda water Description: Before-dinner cocktail Method: Mix the ingredients directly in an old-fashioned glass filled with ice-cubes, add a splash of soda water, and garnish with half orange slice. An IBA Official Cocktail: Official Website See also: 1½ oz (4.5nbsp;cl) gin 1½ oz (4.5nbsp;cl) bourbon 2 dashes Angostura bitters Muddle orange peel in bitters and 1 oz (3 cl) of gin. Add the remainder of the gin, the bourbon, and ice. Stir 30 seconds to awaken the aromatics of the liquors. Strain into an Old Fashioned glass, and fill the glass with ice. Garnish with sour cherries. 1 oz (3 cl) gin (sometimes vodka is substituted) 2 oz (6nbsp;cl) citrus soda Method: Fill a highball glass with ice. Pour ingredients over the ice. Stir gently, and serve Notes: Named after the stinging nightwasp of Brazil. The apoica is a relatively easy to prepare alternative to a gin and tonic. See also:   Bartending Guide entry Apple Martini (aka Appletini) Vodka and either apple juice, apple cider or apple liqueur. Typically, the apple vodka is shaken or stirred with a sweet and sour mix and then strained into a Martini glass. May be garnished with a slice of Granny Smith apple. Apple Pie Shooter 2 oz (6nbsp;cl) apple juice, 1 oz (3 cl) vodka, whipped cream in a can, and cinnamon sugar in a salt or pepper shaker. Two people are required. The designated drinker sits in a chair with head back and mouth open. The second person pours the apple juice and then the vodka into the mouth. In order for the full taste of the drink to come out, the drinker must keep his or her throat closed, this also prevents choking. The second person then adds a good size shot of whipped cream and a light sprinkling of the cinnamon sugar. The drinker then sits up, swishes to mix the ingredients, swallows. There can be different recipes for this shot; some do 1 part vodka, 1 part apple juice; others do 2:1 parts, it all depends on how strong the shot is wanted. Apricot Pie 0.5 oz (1.5 cl) light rum, 0.5 oz (1.5 cl) sweet vermouth, 4 dashes each of apricot brandy and lemon juice, 2 dashes of grenadine. Shake mixture with ice and strain into a glass. Around The World Brandy, Whisky, Gin, Vodka, rum,Tequila & Beer. Avenger 2 oz (6nbsp;cl) vodka, 1 oz (3 cl) energy drink, 2 oz (6nbsp;cl) orange juice, 2 oz (6nbsp;cl) pineapple juice, dash lemon juice, dash bitters. Use a Collins glass with or without ice, dash in the lemon juice and bitters, add the energy drink, fill up the glass with even amounts of orange and pineapple juice, stir all ingredients, garnish with a lemon wedge. The Avenger is a sweet party cocktail with a tropical flavour, originating from Melbourne, Australia. Aviation 2 oz (6nbsp;cl) gin (or vodka), 1 oz (3 cl) lemon juice, 1 oz (3 cl) maraschino liqueur. Shake or stir with ice. Strain into a cocktail glass. Serve with a cherry. Common brands of maraschino are Maraska, Luxardo and Stock. Other cherry-flavoured liqueurs or the syrup from maraschino cherries should not be substituted, as they are much sweeter and have a very different taste. B-52 A B-52 cocktail Kahlua, Baileys, Grand Marnier. The B-52 is a layered shot served in a pousse-cafe glass. Variations include using half measures in a shot glass, using teaspoons of grand marnier to fill a double shot glass. Alternatively, in a rocks glass, stir and strain into ice-filled glass. Kahlua may be replaced with another coffee liqueur, Baileys with another Irish Cream and Grand Marnier with another Curaçao. See also: Wikipedia ; Cross, Robert (1996,2003). the classic 1000 cocktail recipes. Foulsham . ISBN 0-572-02852-0 . B and B 1 measure (30 mL) brandy, 1 measure (30 mL) Benedictine. Float the Brandy on top of the Benedictine. Baby Guinness Tia Maria, topped up with Baileys. The Baileys should be poured into the Tia Maria using the back of a spoon, this slows down the pouring of the Baileys and should allow the Baileys to sit on top of the Tia Maria to look like a baby pint of Guinness. The glass used to drink this should be a small whiskey glass or a shot/shooter glass. It is very sweet to taste which is why it is very popular among young adults. Bailey's Comet ½ shot (15 mL) of Baileys Irish Cream, ½ shot (15 mL) of Goldschlager (although any thin flammable cinnamon except Hot Damn will do), splash of flammable alcohol (Bacardi 151 works well), pinch of cinnamon. Fill shot glass half way with Baileys Irish Cream. Layer on top half shot of Goldschlager. Add splash of flammable alcohol. Dim the lights, and ignite. Sprinkling cinnamon into the flame will cause sparks to appear in an otherwise dim blue flame. Banana Banshee 2 oz (60 mL) cream, 1 oz (30 mL) banana liqueur and 1 oz (30 mL) cacao liqueur (white). Pour into an ice filled shaker. Shake and pour into a cocktail glass. Add a garnish of nutmeg powder. The drink is reputed to have been invented by Nick Castrogiovanni of Nick's Big Train Bar in New Orleans. Banana Daiquiri 2 measures (60 mL) light rum, 1 measure banana liqueur (Pisang Ambon), 1 measure (30 mL) lime juice, half a banana, crushed ice. Mix the rum, banana liqueur, lime juice, the banana and the ice in a blender. Strain into a cocktail glass. Bandera 1 shot (30 mL) of silver tequila, 1 shot (30 mL) of sangrita, 1 shot (30 mL) of lemon juice, salt on a small dish. There is no method to mix this drink. You should drink, one at a time, the shot of tequila, sangrita and lemon juice. Salt is used for lowering the 'boom' of the tequila. Named after the Mexican flag. Bandito 1 part Kahlúa, 3 parts ginger ale, ice. Pour Kahlúa into glass with ice. Top off with ginger ale. Tastes sweet. Bastille Bomb 1 part blue curaçao, 1 part Cointreau, 1 part grenadine. The Bastille Bomb is a layered shot. First add the grenadine (the most dense of the liquids), then the curaçao, then the Cointreau (the least dense). Beautiful 1 oz Hennessy® cognac, 1 oz Grand Marnier® orange liqueur. Pour each ingredient into a brandy snifter and serve. Bee's Kiss 2 parts light rum, 1 part honey, 1 part sour cream, crushed ice. Put the ice, rum, honey and sour cream in a blender. Blend until the mixture is smooth. Strain into a cocktail glass. Serve the cocktail without garnish. Belfast Bomber 1 oz (30 mL) Baileys, 1 oz (30 mL) cognac, fill with ice. Build over ice drink with a straw Bellbird 1 oz (30 mL) light rum, 1 oz (30 mL) gold rum, ½ oz (15 mL) Razzmatazz (crème de cassis and chambord are acceptable substitutions), ¾ fill with cranberry juice, ¼ fill with pineapple juice. Build drink in an iced hurricane glass, roll into shaker for a few shakes, pour back into glass, garnish with a squeeze of lime and serve. Bellini 2 oz (60 mL) white peach purée, 5 oz (150 mL) prosecco sparkling wine. Pour peach purée then prosecco into a mixing glass filled with ice. Gently roll the shaker end over end to mix the ingredients. Do not shake as shaking will make the prosecco flat and could cause the mixing glass to explode. Strain into a champagne glass and serve. Bartender Giusepi Cipriani invented this cocktail at Harry's Bar, Venice in 1948. The drink was named after the 15th century Italian painter, Giovanni Bellini. It is reported that the pink glow of one of Bellini's painting is the inspiration to this cocktail. Originally this cocktail would only be made for four months of the year when the white peaches were in season. This was the case until Giusepi's son Arrigo began using a flash frozen peach purée. With the opening of Harry's Bar in New York City, the Bellini has been embraced throughout the western hemisphere. Between The Sheets ½ oz (15 mL) brandy, ½ oz (15 mL) rum, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, 1 oz (30 mL) lemon juice. Bitch Slammer (also B Slammer) 1 part vodka, 3 parts sparkling wine. Mix directly in the sparkling wine bottle. Serve chilled in long champagne glasses A vodka based cocktail from Peachtree City, Georgia Black Cow Root beer, vanilla ice cream. Pour root beer into a (preferably chilled) glass or mug. Top with one scoop of vanilla ice cream. Black Devil 1½ oz (45 mL) tequila, 12 oz (350 mL) Coke, squeeze of lime. Build over ice in a glass. Black Dick 1 oz (30 mL) creme de banane, 1 oz (30 mL) Kahlúa. Also known as Black Banana. Black Forest 1 oz (30 mL) creme de cacao, 1 oz (30 mL) cherry liqueur, 1 oz (30 mL) Kirschwasser, 1 oz (30 mL) cream. Shake all ingredients together and pour into a Collins glass. Add a little more cream as a floater, then add a cherry. Black Martini ⅔ oz (20 mL) gin, ⅓ oz (10 mL) black sambuca. Pour ingredients over ice. Shake gently. Strain into cocktail glass. Another cocktail called Black Martini is as follows: 4 ½ oz (130 mL) vodka (Absolut), 2 oz (60 mL) chambord raspberry liqueur, 1 oz (30 mL) blue curacao, ice. Combine in shaker. Shake vigorously. Strain into cocktail glass. Black Russian Black and Tan Stout beer (such as Guinness) and another, lighter beer (such as an ale or lager). A common technique is to fill the glass half full of the light beer, and then carefully pour the dark beer in, over an upside-down spoon, so that the two don't mix. Black Velvet 6 oz (180 mL) cold Guinness, 6 oz (180 mL) cold dry champagne or other dry sparkling wine. A black velvet is made by filling a tall flute glass halfway full of chilled stout and floating the sparkling wine on top of the stout, with the differing densities of the liquids allowing them to remain largely in separate layers (as in a pousse-café). The effect is best achieved if it is poured over a spoon turned upside down over the top of the glass so that the liquid runs gently down the sides rather than splashing into the lower layer and mixing with it. A "champagne in mourning" mixture created in 1861 to commemorate German-born Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's consort, who died of typhoid fever at age 42. Black Velvet is also known as Bismark and Champagne Velvet. According to Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, the black velvet was the favorite drink of Otto von Bismarck, who supposedly drank it by the gallon. In Germany, the cocktail often goes by his name. A common variation is the poor man's black velvet, prepared with a cider or perry bottom layer. Blacksmith 1 part brandy, 1 part drambuie, 1 part Kahlúa Blaster Bates Blaster Bates is a type of alcoholic fruit drink, believed to be first founded in Cheshire, England and named after local personality Blaster Bates. It is made with 2 measures vodka , 4 oz. Orange Juice, 2 oz. Milk, 1 Banana, ¼ cup Blueberries, ¼ cup Raspberries. The ingredients are mixed in a blender for 30 seconds, then served into a Collins glass. Blaster Shooter (Jägerbomber) ½ a can of Red Bull or other "energy drink". 1 shot (30 mL) of Sprite, 7-Up or other lemon-lime soda, mixed with the Red Bull, 1 shot (30 mL) of Jägermeister or other liqueur, poured into a shot glass. The Blaster is taken by dropping the shot of Jägermeister into a Collins glass and drinking like a shot. The drink is popular because it causes intoxication and also allegedly lets the drinker become more alert. Bleeding Brain (Brain Haemorrhage) 1 oz (30 mL) peach schnapps, ¼ oz (7 mL) Baileys, dash of grenadine. Pour schnapps into a shot glass. Float Baileys over the back of a spoon. Pour a little grenadine through the Baileys until it falls into the schnapps. Bloody Caesar 1oz (30 mL) Vodka. Celery salt the rim of the glass. Dash Worcestershire sauce, dash Tabasco, Clamato Juice Serve in a highball, garnish Lemon/Lime, Salt/Pepper and a celery stick. (Only Available in Canada) Bloody Mary 1½ oz (45 mL) vodka, 3 oz (90 mL) tomato juice, ½ ounce (15 mL) lemon juice, 7 drops Worcestershire sauce, 3 drops Tabasco sauce, 1 pinch freshly ground pepper, 1 pinch of celery salt, ¼ teaspoon (1 cm³) freshly grated horseradish. Shake with ice. Strain into an old-fashioned glass filled with ice. Garnish with pickled asparagus sprig or slice of celery. Blue Hawaiian 1 part light rum, 1 part blue curacao, 2 parts pineapple juice, 1 part cream of coconut, 1 cup (250 mL) ice, 1 cocktail cherry, 1 piece of pineapple. Shake the rum, the blue curacao, the pineapple juice and the cream of coconut with the ice. Strain into a highball glass and garnish with a cherry and a piece of pineapple. Blue Lagoon 1 oz (30 mL) vodka, 1 oz (30 mL) Malibu rum, 1 oz (30 mL) blue curaçao, 7 oz (200 mL) lemonade. Optionally, sugar the glass rim. Shake vodka and rum with crushed ice poured into the glass. Add lemonade, then pour blue curacao down the inside of the glass for effect. Many bars will use one shot (30 mL) of blue curaçao, throw in some lemon bar mix, and call it a Blue Lagoon. Supposedly created in the 1960's by Andy MacElhone (son of Harry, of Harry's Bar in Paris ). Blue Blazer 1 part boiling water, 1 part whisky, 1 tsp (5 mL) powdered sugar or honey, lemon peel garnish (optional). The whisky, ignited, is poured from one mug into the mug of boiling water, back and forth until the blue flame goes out (4-6 times). It is then poured into the serving mug or Irish Coffee mug containing the honey or sugar and lemon peel. It was created by Jerry Thomas, a bartender and author, while working at the El Dorado in San Francisco. Reportedly while making the drink, US President Ulysses S Grant was so impressed that he gave Thomas a cigar. Thomas would only make the drink if the outside temperature was 10 °C or below or if the person ordering the drink had a cold or the flu, whose symptoms the drink was to alleviate. [1] Blue Hawaiian Blue Whale 1 part frozen lemonade, one part blue curaçao, two parts vodka. Pour frozen lemonade into a pitcher. Add curacao and vodka. Celebrated for its potency and its festive, aqua-blue colour. Brandy and Coke Brandy Cocktail 2 oz (60 mL) brandy, ¼ tsp (1 cm³) sugar syrup, 2 dashes bitters, 1 twist of lemon peel. Stir all ingredients (except lemon peel) with ice and strain into a cocktail glass. Add the twist of lemon peel and serve. Brandy Punch 1.5 oz (45 mL) brandy or cognac, 0.5 oz (15 mL) cointreau, 2 dashes angustura bitters. Brass Monkey Equal parts vodka, rum and orange juice. It is thus essentially a screwdriver with rum added. Pulp-free orange juice is usually desirable for reasons of palatability, though freshly squeezed juice may also yield a good brass monkey. Dark rum is also preferable, since it is the mixing of the brown rum with the orange juice that produces the distinct brass-like coloration for which this drink is named. Much of this drink's notoriety comes from the Beastie Boys' song: "Monkey tastes Def when you pour it on ice. Come on y'all it's time to get nice". An alternative cocktail, often attributed to the Beastie Boys track, is essentially a variation on a mimosa. It consists of three parts malt liquor and one part Sunny Delight. Typically Olde English 800 or St Ides is used, and always in the forty-ounce bottle. The first quarter to third of the bottle is consumed, and then topped off with Sunny D, capped, inverted, and guzzled. Brave Bull 1½ oz (45 mL) tequila, ½ oz (15 mL) Kahlúa. Build over ice in a rocks glass. [2] Bronx Cocktail 1 oz (30 mL) vermouth, 1 oz (30 mL) gin, juice of ¼ orange, 1 slice orange. Shake all ingredients (except orange slice) with ice and strain into a cocktail glass. Add the orange slice and serve. For a dry Bronx cocktail, use dry vermouth; for a Bronx golden cocktail, use half dry and half sweet, and add an egg yolk. The Bronx was supposedly invented by Johnnie Solon of the Waldorf-Astoria bar in Manhattan. Buck's Fizz Orange juice, chilled Brut champagne, dash of grenadine. Fill a champagne glass ⅓ full of orange juice. Top with champagne and a dash of grenadine. The drink is named after London's Buck's Club where it was first served in 1921. The Buck's Fizz is the English version of the French mimosa and predates the mimosa by 3 years. Both drinks are usually served at breakfast or brunch. Although the recipe given here, with grenadine, may be the original usage, most British people will understand 'Buck's Fizz' to refer to a mixture of orange juice and champagne; i.e. it is the usual British term for what Americans would call a 'Mimosa'. Sometimes, where real Champagne is not available or cannot be afforded, a white wine is used in its place. Bullfrog 12 shots vodka, 1 qt lemonade. Shake well in a closed container, pour into an open container and stir well. Bull's Milk 1 oz (30 mL) light rum, 1.5 oz (45 mL) brandy, 1 cup (240 mL) milk. Bullshot (also known as Crunk Juice) 1 part vodka, 2 parts Red Bull. Pour Red Bull into vodka. Add ice (optional). Serve chilled. Burnt Fuselage 1 part triple sec, 1 part cognac, and 1 part dry vermouth served over ice and garnished with lemon. Buttery Nipple Caipirinha One lime (tip: get rid of white centre), 1-2 tsp (5-10 mL) sugar (to taste), cachaça (to fill glass containing lime, sugar, and ice). Cut the lime in four pieces and crush with sugar using a wooden pestle in a whiskey tumbler or similar glass. Add cachaça, stir, and finally add crushed or grained ice, or ice in cubes. The finer the ice, the faster it cools, but also dilutes the mixture. The amount of cachaça can vary from one to two doses, depending on the size of the glass. Although not an original procedure, water may be added to dilute, but it is normally not necessary as the ice will melt. Shake vigorously. Caipirinha is a traditional Brazilian drink. If you don't have cachaça on hand, replace with a good quality clear rum (in this case, the drink is called a "caipiríssima"), or vodka can also be used ("caipiroska"). In Europe, it is fashionable to use brown sugar instead of white, giving the drink a mossy colour and an earthy, warmer feel to it. Some bartenders use simple syrup in order to minimise the mixing needed and crunchiness of sugar crystals. Some people also replace the ice cubes with chopped ice, but this causes it to melt more quickly, watering down the drink. Some health-conscious Brazilians will drink it with a sugar substitute such as aspartame. A "caipifruta" is prepared in the same way, replacing or complementing the lime with any other fruit (always fresh, never juices). Popular fruits include passion fruit, kiwi, lemon, pineapple and strawberry. A caipirinha should be drunk quickly, as the essential oils of the lime peel, set free while pounding the lime halves, will give an unpleasant, bitter taste Caipiroska See for Caipirinha. Cachaça is substituted by vodka. Caipirísima See for Caipirinha. Cachaça is substituted by rum. Careless Memory 1 part whisky, 1 part Bacardi, 1 part dark rum, 1 part Malibu poured over ice and mixed with Coca-Cola. If the Coca-Cola is flat (as is preferable for this particular drink) the mixture is shaken before serving. The sweetness of the rums and cola combine with the coconut of the Malibu to mask the drink's true alcoholic content. Drinking two is recommended only for those with strong stomachs or a strong desire for amnesia. It is named after a song by pop group Duran Duran and has been likened to Douglas Adams's fictional drink called the Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster . Caribbean Sling 1 part Gin, 1 part Rum, dash of Cointreau or Triple Sec, big squeeze of lime, big squeeze of lemon. Pour over ice in a high ball glass. Top off with club soda and garnish with marachino cherry. Created by David Ruisard in Houston in 2006. Very light but still fairly complex. Great for hot summer days. A big improvement over the syrup induced Singapore Sling. Carlo Sud ½ oz Benedictine, 2 oz amber rum, 1 to 2 dashes Angostura bitters. Combine all ingredients in a shaker half-filled with ice and stir until well chilled. Strain into a cocktail glass. Run lemon twist around rim and drop into drink. Cast Iron Chowder Place a rusty nail in a double shot glass of cheap Vodka (Kamchatka or Taaka is ideal). Remove the nail and add the Vodka to a cup of orange soda (e.g. Fanta or Sunkist)and garnish with a lime wedge. Reputed to be a favorite drink of Mick Jagger. Cement Mixer 1 oz (30 mL) Baileys, 1 oz (30 mL) lime juice. Fill a shot glass 2/3 full with Baileys, and gently float the lime juice on top. Taken correctly, the Cement mixer provides an interesting texture in one's mouth. However, in a short time the creme solidifies, care must be taken to consume a Cement mixer before this happens as the solidified version is not very palatable. Champagne Blues Champagne, blue curaçao, lemon peel. Pre-chill champagne and curaçao. Pour champagne into a chilled glass. Add curaçao to taste. Twist lemon peel over drink and drop into glass. Cheeky Vimto Cherry Dr. Pepper ½ oz. Captain Morgan Run, ½ oz. Cherry Schnapps (Mc.Guillicutty's is best), 1 oz. Captain Morgan TATTOO & a splash of Cola. Can be made into a full size drink. Tastes just like Cherry Dr. Pepper when you add the Cola. Butterscotch schnapps, Baileys. Half fill a 4shot glass with butterscotch schnapps. Then, holding a teaspoon over the shotglass, gently pour Baileys on top so it floats over the schnapps. That's it! Coconut Pie 1 shot Malibu® coconut rum, 1 shot Kahlua® coffee liqueur, fill with cold milk. Serve with or without ice. [4] Comfortable Screw 2 fingers of Southern Comfort, on the rocks in a tall glass. Fill with orange juice. Condom A two layer shot. First layer: vodka. Second layer: Baileys. Fill the glass at ¾ of vodka. Then pour the Bailey's gently over the vodka with a spoon. Try getting the drinker to dip their finger in the shot before drinking. Cosmonaut 2 parts Tang® powdered soft drink, 1 part vodka, 3 crushed ice cubes. Mix really well and serve. [5] Cosmopolitan 1½ parts vodka, 1 part triple sec, 1 part cranberry juice, dash of lime. Shake with ice. Strain into a cocktail glass. The Cosmopolitan was first created by Cheryl Cook in South Beach, Miami in either 1985 or 1986. Toby Cecchini is credited with changing the rose's lime cordial to fresh lime juice and standardising the triple sec as Cointreau. Common recipes include: (1) (Dale DeGroff) 1½ oz (45 mL) citron vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) Cointreau, ¼ oz (7 mL) fresh lime juice, 1 oz (30 mL) cranberry juice. Shake all ingredients with ice. Strain into a chilled cocktail glass. Garnish with an orange peel. (2) (Gary Regan) 1½ oz (45 mL) citrus vodka, 1 oz (30 mL) triple sec, ½ oz (15 mL) fresh lime juice, 1 or 2 dashes cranberry juice, for colour. Shake and strain into a chilled cocktail glass. Garnish with a lime wedge. (3) (Voted Best Cosmopolitan in London, England by Time Out) 35 mL cytrynowa (Polish lemon vodka), 15 mL triple sec, 5 mL Rose's Lime Cordial, 5 mL fresh lime juice, 20 mL cranberry juice, 2 dashes Hoppes Orange Bitters. Shake with ice, and then strain into Cocktail Glass. Garnish with a flamed orange twist. [6] [7] Crazy Ivan 1 part black tea (brewed), 1 part vodka. Pour vodka into hot tea. Drink immediately. Creeping Death 4 shots vodka, 8 shots extra dry vermouth, 1 pinch salt, fill with orange juice. Shake well. [8] Crunk Juice 8 oz can Red Bull energy drink, 1½ oz cognac. Pour both ingredients into a cup, stir slightly, and serve. [9] Cuba Libre 90 mL (3 oz) Coca-Cola, 30 mL (1 oz) rum, 60 mL (2 oz) gin (optional), 2 dashes bitters (optional), lime wedge. Rub the rim of a highball glass with the lime. Fill the glass with ice. Add rum. Fill with Coca-Cola. Drop in the lime squeeze. Jones' Bar Guide omits the gin and bitters, but they are said by some to greatly improve the quality of the drink. The Cuba Libre ("Freedom for Cuba") was invented in Havana, Cuba around 1900. Patriots aiding Cuba during the Spanish-American War and, later, expatriates avoiding Prohibition, regularly mixed rum and Coca-Cola as a cocktail and a toast to this West Indies island. See also: Wikipedia . Cucaracha 1 part Kahlúa, 1 part tequila. Pour the Kahlúa, then slowly pour in the tequila so that two distinct layers are form. Some mixing in the middle is fine (and even desirable) but at the top it should be all tequila. Light the tequila with a lighter, and allow the blue flame to burn. It helps to use the lighter on the side of the glass too, to warm up all of the liquid. Works best in a tall shot glass. When the flame starts to taper off (or when you can't hold yourself back any longer, or when you think it's good and hot) suck up all of it through a straw as quickly as possible. Daiquiri This refers to a family of cocktails. Daiquirí Natural is the basic mix, that serves as the starting point to the more complex cocktails of the family: 1.3 oz (40 mL) light-dry rum, 0.7 oz (20 mL) lime juice, 1 teaspoon (5 mL) sugar, crushed ice. Mix the ingredients in a shaker and serve. Daiquiri Floridita is the most common and famous version of this cocktail, allegedly it was invented by Constantino Ribalaigua Vert, barman and owner of the Floridita in the 1950s, whom Ernest Hemingway nicknamed El grande Constante. This recipe is also known as Daiquirí Frappé: 1.5 oz (45 mL) light-dry rum, the juice of 1 lime, 1 tsp (5 mL) sugar, crushed ice, 10 drops of maraschino liqueur. Mix all the ingredients in a blender until the ice is finely crushed and serve iced. Strawberry Daiquiri: ½ oz (15 mL) strawberry schnapps, 1 oz (30 mL) light rum, 1 oz (30 mL) lime juice, 1 tsp (5 mL) powdered sugar, 1 oz (30 mL) strawberries, crushed ice. Mix all the ingredients in a blender until the ice is finely crushed and serve iced. Other versions: Papa's is the version of the cocktail that Hemingway allegedly preferred (Papa is the nickname that fishermen gave Hemingway in Cuba), is identical to the Floridita Daiquiri, it only substitutes lime juice with grapefruit juice. It is said that Hemingway drank this cocktail with no sugar and doubled the rum. Mulata is the same cocktail as the Floridita Daiquiri, but instead of light-dry rum (which is colourless) it requires aged rum, which gives the cocktail an amber colour. Other versions, which did not originate in the Floridita, are also common in bars worldwide, such as Banana daiquiri and Strawberry daiquiri. Danis 2 oz (60 mL) vodka, 2 oz (60 mL) orange juice, 3 oz (90 mL) grapefruit soda or Squirt. Mix vodka and orange juice, add ice, add soda. A variant of the cocktail uses sweetened grapefruit juice and club soda, instead of the grapefruit soft drink. Serve over ice in a short glass. Dark And Stormy 15 mL lime juice, 4 knobs of ginger cut into small pieces, 50 mL Goslings Black Seal Rum (other dark rum will suffice). Load with ice, shake and strain. Top with either fiery ginger beer, ginger beer or soda depending on preference and amount of ginger used. Add slice of lime to garnish. Combine as warranted, the ideal ratio culminates in a dark cola colour. The Dark And Stormy originated in Bermuda, where Gosling's distillery was founded. There is a variant made with vodka, called the Clear And Sunny. Also, the Partly Cloudy is made with vodka and gatorade when you are out of rum and ginger beer. Darth Vader ½ oz (15 mL) vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) light rum, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, 2 oz (60 mL) sour mix, ½ oz (15 mL) gin, ½ oz (15 mL) Jose Cuervo silver tequila, Jägermeister. Stirred method: Pour all ingredients, except Jägermeister, directly into an iced Collins glass. Fill the remainder of the glass with Jägermeister. Shaken method: Shake all ingredients, except Jägermeister, in a cocktail shaker with ice. Strain into an iced Collins glass. Fill the remainder of the glass with Jägermeister. Darth Vader with a Lightsaber Same drink as above, except add 1 freeze pop. Dead German Equal parts Jägermeister and Goldschläger in a shot glass. Dead Nazi Equal parts Jägermeister and Rumplemintz Peppermint Schnaps in a shot glass. Death In The Afternoon 1 oz (30 mL) absinthe (or Pernod or Absente), 5 oz (150 mL) chilled champagne. Pour absinthe into a flute and top with the champagne. Devil's Tail 1½ oz (45 mL) rum, 1 oz (30 mL) vodka, 1 tbsp (15 mL) lime juice, 1½ tsp (7 mL) grenadine syrup, 1½ tsp (7 mL) apricot brandy. Blend all ingredients together with a half cup of crushed ice until smooth. Serve in a champagne flute. Dew 2 oz whiskey, 10 oz Mountain Dew® citrus soda. Combine the two ingredients in a tall glass with/without ice. [10] Dirty Hooker Eccentric Elmer Ectoplasm First variation: 3 oz (90 mL) vodka, 1.5 oz (45 mL) Grand Marnier orange liqueur, 1.5 oz (45 mL) blue curacao liqueur, 1 splash orange juice. Stir in a glass and serve over ice. Second variation: This variation is more complex, and involves floating a solid over the drink. 1 package lime jelly, 1 cup (240 mL) boiling water, ¾ cup (60 mL) rum (or vodka or tequila), ½ oz (15 mL) blue curacao, ½ oz (15 mL) peach schnapps, 1 splash orange juice, 1 splash pineapple juice. Dissolve the jelly in the boiling water. Leave to cool. Mix in the rum (or vodka or tequila). Set in a freezer, whipping with a whisk just before it sets in order to introduce air bubbles (for effect). Shake the blue curacao, peach schnapps, orange juice and pineapple juice and strain into a cocktail glass. Spoon the jelly onto the top. Ectoplasm is a cocktail that is meant to have a "green slime" appearance, in order to resemble ectoplasm. Eggnog 8 fresh eggs, 1 cup (250 mL) sugar, 3 cups (750 mL) milk, 2 cups (500 mL) heavy/whipping cream, ground nutmeg to sprinkle on servings, 1 cup (250 mL) white rum, 3 cups (750 mL) brandy or whisky or cognac. Separate eggs into yolks and whites in separate bowls. Beat egg-yolks with ½ of sugar, set aside. Beat egg-whites until stiff, then mix in other ½ of sugar. Pour the yolks into the whites and mix together slowly. Stir in milk slowly. Stir in ½ of cream slowly. Whip rest (½) of cream and fold in carefully. Serve at room temperature by ladling the eggnog into cups and sprinkling nutmeg on top.n(Optional) Add in white rum and brandy to servings according to taste. Can be served hot if desired. Eggnog is a type of milk-based punch belonging to the posset family of drinks. It originates in Europe and its name may have originated from grog or from a small drinking cup known as a noggin. Eggnog typically consists of milk, eggs and sugar mixed together and may be served with or without added spirits. Other ingredients include spices such as nutmeg, cinnamon, coriander or allspice. Eggnog is typically served as a winter drink. Although rarely as good as "homemade" recipes, ready-made eggnog containing alcohol and "just-add-alcohol" versions are available for purchase in a variety of stores. It is sometimes added as a flavouring to food or other drinks. [11] [12] [13] El Presidente 1 oz (30 mL) light rum, 1 oz (30 mL) dry vermouth, 1 tsp (5 mL) grenadine, 1 tsp (5 mL) blue curaçao, twist of orange peel, maraschino cherry, cracked ice. Combine ice and liquids in a large glass. Stir well and strain. Twist the orange peel over the glass, and then drop it in. Garnish with a maraschino cherry. The El Presidente is a cocktail of pre-revolutionary Cuban origin. Although popular throughout the island nation, the recipe shown here was developed at the La Florida bar by Constantino Ribailagua. Electric Lemonade 40 mL vodka, 2 mL blue curaçao, fresh pressed orange juice. Shake the ingredients and serve in a highball glass. It is green coloured. Esoteric Solipsist Equal parts Fernet Branca, Pernod, Italian grappa and tequila. Extra Dry Martini 1 splash dry vermouth, 3 measures (90 mL) gin, 2 olives. Splash vermouth into the shaker, swirl it around, then dump it out. Add the gin to the mix. Prepare as a stirred cocktail in a cocktail glass. An Extra Dry Martini can be made similar to a Martini, but with even less vermouth than a Dry Martini (qv). Reference: The Official Harvard Student Agencies Bartending Course, Third Edition, ISBN 0-312-25286-2 . Extra Extra Dry Martini 3 oz (90 mL) gin, 2 olives. Prepare 3 oz (90 mL) of gin as a stirred cocktail. Do not add vermouth. Reference: The Official Harvard Student Agencies Bartending Course, Third Edition, ISBN 0-312-25286-2 . Flaming Dr. Pepper ½ shot (15 mL) amaretto, ½ shot (15 mL) 151-proof rum, ½ pint (250 mL) of lager. Fill half of shot glass with amaretto, top with rum. Ignite shot glass mix. Pick up shot glass by sides, drop (bottom first) into pint glass and chug. It is a flaming cocktail that tastes like the soft drink Dr Pepper, although it does not contain any. This drink inspired an episode of the animated television show The Simpsons. The drink on that episode was known at first as the "Flaming Homer", later as the "Flaming Moe" (after the programme's bartender). Flaming Engineer Flaming Lamborghini 0.5 oz (15 mL) of each of blue curacao, Baileys, Kahlúa, Galliano, Bacardi rum, Bacardi 151. This is a complicated drink that requires two separate drinks. The first drink is a layered shot in a shot glass. First layer blue caracao, second layer Baileys. The second drink is layered as well, but in a Martini glass. First layer Kahlúa, second layer Galliano, third layer Bacardi rum, fourth layer Bacardi 151. Light the Bacardi 151. Carefully pour the shot into the Martini glass. Use a straw to drink the entire drink in one gulp. Flaming Nazi 0.5 oz (15 mL) tequila, 0.5 oz (15 mL) white Sambuca, Tabasco. Pour tequila into a shot glass. Add a few drops of Tabasco, enough to cover the tequila. Carefully layer the white Sambuca over the Tabasco and tequila. Flirtini 3 to 4 fresh raspberries, 1½ oz (45 mL) Stolichnaya Razberi vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) Cointreau, splash of fresh lime juice, splash of pineapple juice, splash of cranberry juice, Brut champagne or other dry sparkling wine, Mint sprig for garnish. Muddle the raspberries in the bottom of a chilled champagne flute. Pour the vodka, Cointreau and fruit juices into a shaker two-thirds full of ice cubes. Shake very well. Strain into the champagne flute. Top with the champagne. Add the mint sprig. Alternate ingredients: 1 oz (30 mL) Stoli Raspberry, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, splash of fresh lime juice, ½ oz (15 mL) pineapple juice, 4 raspberries muddled at bottom of glass, a float of sparkling wine. Florida ½ oz (15 mL) gin, 1½ tsp (7 mL) Kirschwasser, 1½ tsp (7 mL) triple sec, 1 oz (30 mL) orange juice, 1 tsp (5 5mL) lemon juice. Shake all ingredients with ice, strain into a cocktail glass and serve. Frangelico Luau 1 part Frangelico, 3 parts pineapple juice, a dash of grenadine. Mix ingredients in blender. Serve in tall glass of ice. Garnish with slice of pineapple. French 75 40-50 mL lemon juice, 90 mL gin, 1 white of egg, 15 mL cream, 1.5 tsp (7.5 mL) sugar, 3-4 ice cubes, 90 mL cold champagne. Shake the first 6 ingredients in a shaker. Strain. Add champagne. The French 75 was first made by American army officers and got his name from a French First World War rapid fire gun. Older version: 1 tsp (5 mL) absinthe, 1 part gin, 2 parts calvados. If bourbon whiskey is substituted for the gin, it becomes a French 95, and if cognac is substituted for gin, it becomes a French 125. [14] French Martini 1¼ oz (35 mL) chambord raspberry liqueur, ¾ oz (20 mL) Grand Marnier, 2 oz (60 mL) orange juice, 1 oz (30 mL) soda water. Mix all ingredients in a shaker with ice, chill and strain in a Martini glass or cocktail class. You may also add sugar to the rim if you like. Alternative ingredients: 1½ oz (45 mL) good quality grain vodka (Ketel 1), ¼ oz (7.5 mL) chambord, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) fresh pineapple juice, 1 twist lemon peel. [15] Frozen Matador 1½ oz (45 mL) tequila, 2 oz (60 mL) pineapple juice, 1 tbsp (15 mL) lime juice. The ingredients are mixed with crushed ice in a blender and served with a pineapple stick in an old-fashioned glass. Frozen Pineapple Daiquiri 1½ oz (45 mL) light rum, 4 pineapple chunks, 1 tbsp (15 mL) lime juice, ½ tsp (5 mL) sugar. Fruit & Nut Chocolate Martini 1 oz (30 mL) Blackcurrant Vodka, ½ shot (15 mL) Creme de Cacao, ½ shot (15 mL) Creme de Cassis, ½ shot (15 mL) Frangelico, ½ shot (15 mL) Irish Cream Liqueur, ¾ shot (20 mL) heavy cream. Shake & Strain into a Martini Glass. Garnish: Shavings from a chocolate bar. Named after Cadbury's Fruit & Nut chocolate bar. Origin unknown; found in Difford's Guide to Cocktails 2005 (a new edition comes out every year around the Holidays). Funky Blue Drink Double shot (60 mL) of vodka, shot (30 mL) of Archers (peach schnapps), one glass of white wine, shot of blue curacao. Served in a pint glass topped up with lemonade. This particular cocktail is believed to have originated in Sheffield in the United Kingdom, and is well known for its distinctive colour and its pleasant refreshing taste. Fuzzy Navel 1 part vodka, 1 part peach schnapps, ½ part pineapple juice, splash orange juice. Mix and pour over ice Hot Buttered Rum 1.5 oz (45 mL) rum, 1 tsp (5 mL) sugar, freshly boiled water, butter, nutmeg. Pour rum into a cup. Stir in sugar. Top up with water. Add a knob of butter and sprinkle with nutmeg. The Joy of Cooking describes this drink as one that "makes you see double and feel single". Replacing the boiling water with hot cider makes a "Stonewall". Hot Totty Add one shot of Jack Daniels to an 8 oz (240 mL) glass of tea (amount of tea can be raised or lowered to taste). It can be served hot or over ice. Hunter Thompson Fill a highball glass with ice cubes and then pour Wild Turkey 101 to the rim. Favorite drink of author Hunter S. Thompson Lights Out Liquid Cocaine 1 part Jägermeister, 1 part Goldschläger. Should be shot as soon as its poured as the 2 liquors take a couple of seconds to mix. Liquidex Long Island Iced Tea ½ oz (15 mL) vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) gin, ½ oz (15 mL) tequila, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, ½ oz (15 mL) rum, 1½ oz (45 mL) sweet and sour, splash of Coke. Stir. Garnish with lemon twist. Build ingredients over a Collins glass with ice. Some bartenders give the drink a short shake, but this is optional. Some choose to mix it without tequila. Some have nicknamed a Long Island with tequila a "Texas Iced Tea". Lynchburg Lemonade Named after the home town of Jack Daniels, Lynchburg, Tennessee. A Lynchburg Lemonade is a cocktail made with Jack Daniels, orange liqueur, sour mix, and any lemon-lime soda to fill. It is typically served on the rocks in a Collins glass, and garnished with a lemon or cherry. Mai Tai The Maitai is a well-known cocktail purportedly invented at the Trader Vic restaurant in Oakland, California in 1944. Trader Vic's amicable rival, Don the Beachcomber, claimed to have created it first in 1933 at his own newly opened little bar (later a famous restaurant) in Hollywood. The Beachcomber's recipe is far more complicated than that of the Trader's and tastes quite different. Maitai is the Tahitian word for "good". The Trader Vic story of its invention is that the Trader (Victor J. Bergeron) created it one afternoon for some friends who were visiting from Tahiti. One of them tasted it and cried out: "Maitai roa!" ("Very good!") Hence the name. The first three of the following Maitai recipes are provided by Trader Vic's to The Search for the Ultimate Mai Tai website. Recipe 1: The Original Trader Vic Formula - 1944: 2 oz (60 mL) of 17-year old J. Wray and Nephew Rum over shaved ice. Add juice from one fresh lime. ½ oz (15 mL) Holland DeKuyper Orange Curaçao, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) Trader Vic's Rock Candy Syrup. ½ oz (15 mL) French Garnier Orgeat Syrup. Shake vigorously. Add a sprig of fresh mint. Recipe 2: "Old Way" Trader Vic Maitai Formula - 1997: 1 oz (30 mL) Fine Jamaican rum (15 or 8 year old), 1 oz (30 mL) Martinique rum (St. James), ½ oz (15 mL) Orange Curaçao, ½ ounce (15 mL) Orgeat Syrup, juice from one fresh lime (about ¾ oz[20 mL]). Mix and serve as in the original formula. Recipe 3: Today's Trader Vic Maitai (This recipe is very close to what Trader Vic's restaurants apparently serve.): 2 oz (60 mL) light rum, 1 oz (30 mL) triple sec, ½ oz (15 mL) lime juice, ½ oz (15 mL) Orgeat syrup, ½ tsp (2.5 mL) grenadine, maraschino cherry, pineapple. Shake all the ingredients in a shaker with ice and strain into an old fashioned glass over crushed ice. Garnish with fruits and serve with a straw. Recipe 4: Don the Beachcomber Maitai: This version is much closer to what Don the Beachcomber served in his restaurants. It can be garnished with various fruits, as in the above recipe. Falernum, which is now difficult to obtain in the United States except from a single supplier in Seattle, is a flavored Caribbean syrup with a very different taste from the Orgeat syrup used in the Maitai 1. Ingredients: 2 oz (60 mL) water, ¾ oz (20 mL) fresh lime juice, 1 oz (30 mL) fresh grapefruit juice, 1 oz (30 mL) sugar syrup, 1 oz (30 mL) dark rum, 1½ oz (20 mL) golden rum, ½ oz (15 mL) Cointreau or triple sec, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) Falernum syrup, 2 dashes or scant ½ tsp Angostura bitters, 1 dash or scant ¼ tsp Pernod or other anisette-flavoured pastis. Shake all the ingredients in a shaker with ice and strain into a tall highball glass filled with crushed ice. Garnish with fruits and serve with a straw. Recipe 5: Pineapple Variation Maitai: 4 oz (120 mL) orange juice, 4 oz (120 mL) pineapple juice, 1 oz (30 mL) lime juice, 1 oz (30 mL) dark rum, 1 oz (30 mL) light rum, 1 oz (30 mL) triple sec, ½ oz (15 mL) grenadine. Maiden Head 3 oz (90 mL) cherry brandy, 2 oz (60 mL) cherry 7-up, 2 oz (60 mL) cherry soda, whipped cream, a cherry. All liquids should be chilled and mixed with a stirring stick. Top the cocktail with whipped cream and a cherry. The name probably comes from fact that cherry, the theme ingredient of this cocktail, and maiden head are both slang terms for the hymen. [24] [25] [26] Maiden's Prayer 1½ oz (45 mL)gin, 1 oz (30 mL) lemon juice, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec. Shake all ingredients with ice, strain into a cocktail glass, and serve. Another cocktail by the same name is made of: 1 part gin, 1 part light rum, 1 part Cointreau, 1 part lemon juice. Shake with crushed ice and strain into a chilled wine or cocktail glass. Garnish with a lemon twist. Martini 1 measure (30 mL) dry vermouth, 5 measures (150 mL) gin, 2 olives. Pour a small splash of vermouth in the shaker. Add gin to the mix. Melted ice will bring the liquid content up to 3 oz (90 mL) total. Prepare as a stirred cocktail. Mixing a Martini is a trying task, as it is difficult to measure out just enough vermouth. Harvard suggests using a metal shaker and rimming the full edge with the liquid. This means pouring in enough that the liquid coats the bottom of the shaker, but doesn't start to fill it. A dry Martini can be made by rimming half the shaker, leaving part of the bottom untouched by vermouth; and an extra dry Martini is done by splashing a little vermoth in the shaker, swirling it around, and dumping it back out before adding the gin. Reference: The Official Harvard Student Agencies Bartending Course, Third Edition, ISBN 0-312-25286-2 . Maude 2 oz (60 mL) vodka, ginger ale, a splash of grenadine, and a garnish of two maraschino cherries. Served on the rocks. It is named after the character played by Bea Arthur on the 1970s sitcom Maude, and is found mainly in bars catering to gay men. Melon Bomb Michelada Very popular Mexican cocktail. Preparation differs from state to state. This recipe is in the San Luis Potosí/Cuernavaca style: 355 mL beer (any kind will do), 120 mL Clamato (Clam-Tomato cocktail; optional, but highly recommended), 1 or 2 lemons, Worcestershire Sauce, maggi juice, Black-Label Valentina Sauce (hard to get for people outside of Mexico), salt, pepper, chilled beer mug, ice. Have a beer mug chilled, then frost it with salt and lemon. Pour in about 25 to 35 mL of Valentina Sauce. Squeeze in your lemons. Add some Worcestershire sauce, then the Maggi juice. Now, salt and pepper to taste, then stir. Add your 120 mL of Clamato, then keep stirring. Finally, pour in your beer while you keep stirring. Add some ice if you like. There's no secret for mixing the best Michelada, it must suit your taste. If you want to make liter-sized Micheladas, you need to vary proportionally the quantity of ingredients shown in this table. But then again, it must please you. It's some sort of acquired taste. You must not replace the Valentina sauce with some other kind of sauce (say, Tabasco). It won't taste the same. Mickey Mouse More than one drink shares this name, this recipe is from webtender . 3 oz (90 mL) tomato juice, 1 dash lemon juice, ½ tsp (2.5 mL) Worcestershire sauce, 2-3 drops Tabasco sauce, 1 wedge lime, ice cubes. Shake all ingredients (except lime wedge) with ice and strain into an old-fashioned glass over ice cubes. Add salt and pepper to taste. Add the wedge of lime and serve. Midnight Baya This drink was created in Kissimmee, Florida by Brent M. Farmer in 2006. It is a variation of the traditional mojito that substitutes the lime with blueberries and blackberries, and regular clear rum with vanilla flavor rum. 4-6 blueberries, 4-6 blackberries, 6-9 mint leaves (optional), sugar (optional), 1 part vanilla flavored rum, 3 parts club soda, and 3-4 raspberries. Place the blueberries and blackberries into a shaker, muddle them well with a pestle, add the vanilla rum and fill the shaker with ice, then shake well (up to 30 times). Afterwards, pour it through a strainer (to filter out the berry skins) into a tall ice filled glass, top it with the club soda, stir and garnish with raspberries. Mint leaves can be added for a more traditional mojito flavor and sugar for extra sweetness. Midnight Cowboy 2 oz (60 mL) bourbon, 1 oz (30 mL) dark rum, ½ oz (15 mL) heavy cream. Can be shaken with ice and strained into a cocktail glass, or served on the rocks. Midori Sour There are a number of different cocktail recipes with the name "Midori Sour". The below is one variant of this. Combine in a glass equal quantities of the following ingredients in this order (double shots are suggested, but other amounts are also usable): Midori, chambord, lime juice (note: not lime cordial as this is not generally bitter enough). The sweet tastes of the Midori and the chambord combine with the bitterness of the lime juice to create a unique drink. Mimosa 6/10 chilled champagne, 4/10 orange juice (Simply Orange or freshly-squeezed is preferred). Pour orange juice into a champagne flute, then add champagne. Mint Julep 2.5 oz (75 mL) bourbon whiskey, 3 tsp (15 mL) simple syrup, sprig of mint. Muddle mint leaves and syrup in glass. Add shaved or crushed ice and then Bourbon. Garnish with a whole sprig of mint. Another variation, courtesy of Alton Brown: Muddle ten mint leaves and 1 ½ teaspoons (7.5 mL) of superfine sugar (which can be made by pulsing sugar in a food processor) until you've got a paste. Add a splash of seltzer water, and mix with the muddled mint. Then fill the glass about ¾ with ice. Add 2 ½ oz (75 mL) bourbon, and finish with a splash of seltzer water. Garnish with mint, and serve. Mojito Mojito (pronounced mo-HEE-toe) is a traditional Cuban cocktail which became quite popular in the United States during the late 1890s. For details and variations on the recipe, see Bartending/Cocktails/Mojito . As an example, this is this is how they prepare Mojitos at "La Bodeguita del Medio": 1 tsp (5 mL) of sugar, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) fresh lime juice, 2 mint sprigs (not a forest!), crush gently, add 1½ oz (45 mL) white Cuban rum, add ice cubes, add 2 oz (60 mL) soda water. Stir well, garnish with a sprig of mint. The mint leaves should be gently bruised with a muddler or similar implement in the bottom of an empty tall glass. add the sugar and lime, and then the rum. Fill the glass with ice cubes. Mix everything together and top the glass with soda (club soda). Molotov Cocktail ½ shot (15 mL) Vodka (cheap vodka is best, meant to burn going down), ½ shot (15 mL) Everclear (151 can be used but it would change the flavour). Fill with vodka. Add Everclear (or 151). Ignite, blow out and slam shot. Non-flaming variant: ½ shot (15 mL) vodka, ½ shot (15 mL) Everclear (or 151), splash of Red Hot (or Tabasco), pinch of chili powder. Layer into shot glass with Red Hot on top. Sprinkle with chili powder. Slam shot. Be careful not to rub eyes afterwards. Montgomery The Montgomery Cocktail is a very dry Martini: 15 parts gin to 1 part vermouth dry. It is named after Fieldmarshall Viscount Montgomery of Alamein. Churchill once said Montgomery needed a superiority of 15:1 to risk an attack. Moonraker 1½ oz (45 mL) tequila, 4 oz (120 mL) pineapple juice, ½ oz (15 mL) Blue Curaçao liqueur. Mix tequila and pineapple juice in a highball glass with ice. Drop the Blue Curaçao into the center of the drink and serve. Moscow Mule 2 oz (60 mL) lime juice, 2 oz (60 mL) vodka, 8 oz (240 mL) ginger ale. Mix all the above ingredients in a highball glass with ice. 1 part Jägermeister , 2 parts Mountain Dew, more or less to taste. Typically served in an 8 oz (240 mL) highball glass. Mudslide 1 part vodka, 1 part Kahlúa, 1 part coffee liqueur, 1 part milk, ice. Put all ingredients in blender and blend for 30 seconds. Mulled Red Wine 2 oz (60 mL) sugar syrup, 750 mL bottle Bordeaux (red), 1 pt (500 mL) ruby port, 1 cup (250 mL) brandy, 7 whole cloves, several cinnamon sticks, ½ tsp (2.5 mL) grated nutmeg, lemon peel. Dissolve sugar in a flaming pan. Add ingredients and mix on low heat. Serve when hot. Serves about 10. Old Fashioned A recipe with many variations, almost always featuring bourbon and sugar. Add slice of orange, tsp of sugar (5 mL) or simple syrup, maraschino cherry (without stem) and two dashes of Angostura bitters to bottom of an Old Fashioned glass. Fill glass with ice. Add 2 oz (60 mL) bourbon and stir. Serve with stir or short straw. An Old Fashioned glass is similar to a bucket or tumbler. This drink is sometimes ordered as a call. On occasion Southern Comfort, Scotch, or various Rye whiskies may be desired. One-Balled Dictator 1 part good champagne, 5 parts cheap liebfraumilch. Shake the concoction very violently but for a short duration, then pour into a "rocks" type glass. Before drinking, add one cinnamon ball, the type found in bags of bulk candy. You now have a One-Balled Dictator. A splash of Galliano liqueur added just before shaking will create a Mussolini. One-Balled Dictator is a wine cocktail drunk by World War II veterans. The name is seen by some as a little unorthodox, yet is still seen as a reasonably tasty drink. Symbolism: The combination of the milky-white liebfraumilch with the champagne will produce a very white drink, where the German very quickly overwhelms the French. The wide-mouthed rocks glass provides breathing room for the drink, which has only one ball. Taken together, this is clearly a joke reference to Adolf Hitler, who, after the invasion of Poland, took over France in a very successful and fast way, through the "lightning war" or blitzkrieg, during the early years of World War II. The reference to Hitler's "one ball" comes from the lyrics to a crude song sung by British soldiers, to the tune of the Colonel Bogey March. Although the symbolism renders this primarily a joke recipe, the actual drink produced is unique and quite pleasant. The fiery taste of the cinnamon gives an interesting contrast to the "cooler" flavour of the white wines. This drink originated in Cincinnati, Ohio in the late 1940s, concocted by veteran members of the US 82nd Airborne Division. One-five-one (151) proof rum ½ shot love, 1/8th shot tequila, 1/8th shot blueberry vodka, 1/8th bacardi razz, 1/8th big juicy Paloma 120 mL silver (white) tequila, 240 mL grapefruit flavoured soda, a twist of lemon, salt and a small dish for frosting. Chill a high glass. Twist some lemon juice on the mouth of the glass and turn it upside-down into a salt-filled dish to create the frosting. Add some ice. Pour the tequila first, then the grapefruit soda. Stir as needed, then decorate with a lemon rind. Alternative: Instead of using silver tequila, you could use rested (reposado) variation. It gives a more "wooden" texture to the experience. Its name translates as "dove". Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster The Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster is a fictional alcoholic drink which is mentioned in Douglas Adams' humorous science fiction radio series, novels, computer game, movie, comic book mini-series, and television series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. See Bartending/Cocktails/Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster for details. Pearl Harbor 1 oz (30 mL) Midori, ½ oz (15 mL) vodka, fill glass with pineapple juice, 1 slice pineapple, 1 piece cherry. Pour the Midori and vodka in a cocktail glass, and then fill with pineapple juice. Garnish with a slice of pineapple and a cherry. Sit down and enjoy. Pimm's No. 1 Cup 1½ oz (45 mL) Pimm's No. 1, juice of ¼ lemon, ginger ale. Build in an ice filled highball glass. Garnish with a cucumber slice, lemon slice and mint sprig.Pimm's Cup was invented in 1840 along with Pimm's No.1. It was served exclusively at Mr. Pimm's Oyster bar in London. Pink Gin 1 dash Angostura bitters, 40 mL gin. Add a few drops of Angostura bitters to the glass, then pour in the gin. Add an ice cube and top up with tap water to taste. Pink Snowman 8 oz (250 mL) orange juice, 10 oz (300 mL) frozen strawberries, 2 large scoops vanilla ice cream, 1 smaller scoop vanilla ice cream. Blend without ice. Blend with 2 scoops of ice cream and serve with the third. Reference: The Official Harvard Student Agencies Bartending Course, Third Edition, ISBN 0-312-25286-2 . Pink Sock 1½ oz (45 mL) vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, ⅓ oz (10 mL) lime juice, 1½ oz (45 mL) strawberry orange juice, splash chambord. Shake all of the ingredients except for the Chambord over ice and pour into a Martini glass. Then add the chambord to the glass and allow it to sink to the bottom. The Pink Sock is a weak, sweet strawberry orange Cosmopolitan with a raspberry sinker. Pink Squirrel The Pink Squirrel is a frozen cocktail made of 1 oz (30 mL) Creme de Noyaux, 1 oz (30 mL) Creme de Cacao, 1 oz (30 mL) Half and half, 2 scoops of vanilla ice cream. Blend with ice. Serve. Piña Colada 2 oz (60 mL) rum, 3 oz (90 mL) pineapple juice or crushed pineapple with juice, 2 oz (60 mL) coconut milk. Combine all ingredients in a blender. Mix until ice is crushed to a slushy consistency. Pour into a piña colada glass. Garnish with a pineapple slice. The piña colada originated from Puerto Rico. Planter's Punch 2 jiggers (90 mL) Jamaica rum, 1 jigger (45 mL) lime juice, ½ jigger (20 mL) simple syrup, ice. Shake well and pour into tall glass with ice. Decorate with fruit. Pope's Penis 1 shot (25 mL) of tequila and 1 shot (25 mL) of Malibu are poured over ice and the (highball) glass is then filled with a fruit juice and blackcurrant. There are 2 main variants: Benedict - uses apple juice; John Paul - uses cranberry juice. To have the penis Ordained is to add of a slice of lemon. Polish Martini Porn Star ½ ounce (15 mL) Blue Curaçao (or ½ ounce [15 mL] Bols Blue), ½ ounce (15 mL) Raspberry Sourpuss. Prairie Fire ½ oz (15 mL) Bacardi 151, ½ oz (15 mL) Tabasco sauce. Pour in shot glass. Chaser highly advised. Alternative recipe: 1 oz (30 mL) tequila, dash Tabasco sauce. This is sometimes not a drink which is meant to be enjoyed. It is most often purchased and given to an unsuspecting friend as a prank, much like the Cement Mixer. Prairie Oyster 1 whole raw egg yolk, 1 tsp (5 mL) Worcestershire sauce, 1 tbsp (15 mL) tomato juice, a dash of pepper, 2 dashes of vinegar. The ingredients should be carefully poured into a glass so as to not break the yolk, tradition holds that one should also not break it in the act of drinking the cocktail. Other recipes call for the inclusion of varying quantities of vinegar, tomato juice, brandy, wine or various spices. The pepper helps kill the bad taste of the eggs. A Prairie Oyster is a mixed drink intended as a morning hangover remedy. An episode of the anime Cowboy Bebop entitled "Heavy Metal Queen" featured references to the unappetising nature of a Prairie Oyster as a hangover remedy as a plot element. Pregnancy Test 1½ oz (45 mL) vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, ⅓ oz (20 mL) lime juice, splash chambord. Shake all of the ingredients except for the Chambord over ice and pour into a Martini glass. Then add the chambord to the glass and allow it to sink to the bottom. The Pregnancy Test is a citrus Martini with a raspberry sinker. Prince of Wales ¾ oz (20 mL) Madeira wine, ¾ oz (20 mL) brandy, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) orange curaçao, 1 dash Angostura bitters. Shake ingredients in iced cocktail shaker. Strain into cocktail glass. Fill glass with champagne. Add orange slice. Punch Punch is a general term for any of a wide assortment of mixed drinks, either soft or alcoholic, often containing fruit or fruit juice. Punch is typically served at parties in large, wide bowls known as punchbowls. In a large number of Caribbean, Pacific or Indian Ocean countries, punch is also drunk as an aperitif before meals. The original drink was made from five different ingredients, namely arrack, sugar, lemon, water and tea. Because of this it was named panch which is the Hindi for five. This name was adopted by the sailors of the British East India Company and brought back to England, from where it was introduced into other European countries. In Germanic culture, punch (or Punsch in German) refers to a mixture of several fruit juices and spices, often with wine or liquor added. Punch is popular in Germany, as well as with many Germans who emigrated to America. The traditional German Christmas often includes a Feuerzangenbowle ("Burnt Punch" or "Burning Fire Tongs Bowl"). This is a punch made from red wine, and flaming rum poured over a sugar hat, a large conical sugar cube placed on the "Feuerzange" which supports it above the bowl. In Korean culture, sujeonggwa is a traditional punch made from dried persimmons, cinnamon and ginger. Recipes: A very simple punch recipe is to add sherbet to chilled ginger ale; Summer Cup: wash and hull a large punnet of strawberries and put them in a large bowl with 100 mL of gin and 50 mL of Cointreau. Allow them to soak for a while. Add plenty of ice, and a bottle of medium dry white sparkling wine. Top up with at least 500 mL of soda water to taste. Serve in long tall glasses with a sprig of mint. Typical alcoholic punch generally contains cask wine, Passion Pop or similar, juice, soft drink, cordial and vodka. 1 part Tia Maria, 1 part Grand Marnier. Usually served with a slice of orange. Rob Roy 1 part Italian red vermouth,2 parts scotch whiskey. Stirred not shaken. Rolls Royce 1½ oz (45 mL) gin, ½ oz (15 mL) each sweet vermouth and dry vermouth, and 1 tsp (5 mL) Benedictine, stirred with ice and strained into a cocktail glass. Romulan Ale "Classic" recipe: 1 part 151 proof rum, 1 part Everclear or absolute (190 proof), 1 part blue curaçao. "Lighter" recipe: 1 part 151 proof rum, 1 part 100 proof vodka, 1 part blue curaçao. Romulan Ale is somewhat popular in collegiate circles, especially among fraternities that encourage drinking of very strong alcoholic beverages at social functions. It is named after the blue-coloured Star Trek series drink Romulan Ale, from the Romulan Empire, that is illegal in Federation-controlled territory, but oft consumed by Star Fleet officers when there is a call for a lightening of mood. Different recipes call for different spirits to be mixed, but generally the strongest of rum, vodka or pure grain alcohol, and blue-coloured orange-flavoured liqueurs are used. Root Beer Float A combination of Root Beer Vodka and Irish Cream. Originally made with one part Root Beer Vodka to one part Bailey's Irish Cream. Rossini A combination of puréed strawberries and sparkling wine. A common recipe specifies one part strawberry purée for two parts wine. The strawberry mixture may be passed through a sieve in order to remove seeds, if desired. Rude Cosmopolitan 1½ oz (45 mL) tequila, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, 1 oz (30 mL) cranberry juice, 4 fresh limes (squeezed). Shake with ice and finely strain into a Martini glass. Garnish with flamed orange rind. A regular Cosmopolitan - just substitute vodka for tequila. Rum Swizzle 2 oz (60 mL) dark rum, 1 oz (30 mL) lime juice, 1 oz (30 mL) pineapple juice, 1 oz (30 mL) orange juice, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) falernum (a juice). Shake with ice. Strain into a highball glass filled with ice. Garnish with a slice of orange and a cherry. The entire concoction is, of course, to be stirred with the Swizzle Stick. The Swizzle stick was invented by the Swizzle Inn in Bermuda. Their signature drink was, of course, the Swizzle. Rum And Cola 1.5 oz (45 mL) rum in a tall glass, filled with ice. Top with coke and stir. Garnish with a lemon slice. Rusty Nail 1 shot (30 mL) blended scotch, 1 shot (30 mL) drambuie. Pour drambuie over ice. Follow with scotch and give it a quick stir. Saketini 2 ½ oz (75 mL) gin or vodka, 1½ tsp (7.5 mL) sake, 1 cocktail olive. In a mixing glass half-filled with ice cubes, combine the gin or vodka with the sake. Stir well. Strain into a cocktail glass. Garnish with the olive. Sangria Liquids: 50% wine, 25% orange juice, 12.5% Sprite/7up, 12.5% Tango Tropical, 1 bottle of grapefruit liquor for every 30 litres. Solids: 1 500 g tin pineapple, 3 tins peach, 4 oranges, 3 limes, 2 lemons, 2-3 applies, half a sweet melon. It is recommend to add 750 mL of liquor for every 30 litres, some Cointreau or brandy, but when money is short then "generic" vodka would do. Remember, in a good sangria, there is never too much fruit. So, if in doubt, go for it. And in the end, ice is always a good idea so remember to buy it the day before and add it 10 or 15 minutes before the party starts. To prepare the sangria you'll need half a day or so, but the preparation shouldn't take more than an hour. Start by cutting all the fruits, pealing the citrics but leaving the apples skin on. Then pour all the wine in a container and all the fruits in with the wine. Add the sugar to taste (this would depend on how many fruits you had) and some cinnamon (be generous). Then leave to rest for 4-6 hours so that the wine soaks all the fruits and all the sugar dissolves well. Just before the party starts, add the rest of the liquids and ice. [27] Sangrita 2 cups (500 mL) freshly-squeezed orange juice, 3 tbsps (45 mL) grenadine, ¼ tsp (1 mL) chili powder (to taste), 1 cup (250 mL) tomato juice (optional), 3 tsps (15 mL) salt, 1½ oz (45 mL) tequila. Pour tequila into a glass over ice cubes, mix the rest of the ingredients together and add to the tequila. Garnish with a lime wedge. Sangrita is a tequila based drink that is popular in the home state of tequila, Jalisco. There are many variations. Alternative Entry: 2 cups (500 mL) tomato juice, 1 cup (250 mL) orange juice, ¼ cup (60 mL) lime juice, 2 tsp (10 mL) Hot Sauce (tabasco), 2 tsp (10 mL) minced onion, 2 tsp (10 mL) Worcestershire sauce, cracked pepper, celery, salt and seasoned salt to taste. Shake very well, strain, and refrigerate. Sangrita is a popular beverage to drink with tequila. This beverage is a tangy mixture of tomato and orange juices, usually spiked with hot chilis and lime juice. It may sound odd in flavour, but sangrita is the perfect accompaniment to good quality tequila, like an aged anejo or a good reposado. The tequila and sangrita are poured into separate shot glasses and the two are alternately sipped, not chased. First the tequila, then the chilled sangrita. Slowly, one after the other. Satan's Whiskers ½ oz (15 mL) gin, ½ oz (15 mL) dry vermouth, ½ oz (15 mL) sweet vermouth, ½ oz (15 mL) fresh-squeezed orange juice, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) Grand Marnier, 1 dash orange bitters. Shake all ingredients with ice and strain into a cocktail glass. Garnish with a twist of orange peel. Satan's Whiskers is a more florid variation of the Bronx cocktail. The variation above has "straight" whiskers. For the "curled" variety, substitute ¼ oz (7.5 mL) orange curaçao in place of the Grand Marnier, and increase the orange bitters to ¼ oz.(7.5 mL) [28] The Saugeen Slammer 1 oz (30mL) gin, 1 oz (30mL) vodka, 1 oz (30 mL) rum, 1 oz (30 mL) whisky, 1 oz (30 mL) tequila, 1 oz (30 mL) raspberry sour puss, 250 mL lemonade, 250 mL Sprite, splash of lime juice Sazerac 2 oz (60 mL) rye whiskey (Old Overholt is the predominant brand in New Orleans, but Jim Beam and Wild Turkey also make a Rye), 1 tbsp (15 mL) Simple Syrup (granulated sugar dissolved in boiling water, thicker is better), 6 dashes of Peychaud's Bitters (there is no substitute, seriously), 6 dashes of absinthe (Herbsaint/Pernod is an acceptable substitute). Chill (or even freeze) a double old fashioned glass or tumbler. (Avoid using ice to chill the glass, because it makes the sides of the glass too watery for the Herbsaint.) Coat the inside of the glass with the Herbsaint. Roll the glass so that it doesn't puddle in the bottom. Add the rye, simple syrup and bitters with a splash of water. The Sazerac is one of the oldest cocktails. The original recipe was developed by Antoine Peychaud (pay-show) in his New Orleans' French Quarter apothecary, circa 1820. Peychaud's drink was then popularised at a Coffee House in the French Quarter, called the Sazerac Coffee House. One version of the history says that the proprietor of the Sazerac Coffee House, was also the importer of Sazerac de Forge et fils (Sazerac & Sons) Cognac. Over time, the recipe evolved from cognac to rye whiskey. Peychaud was developing his bitters as a curative for heart burn and indigestion, and added the cognac-absinthe concoction with sugar, to make it palatable. Even today, Peychaud's bitters mixed with club soda is a bartender's quick antidote for indigestion. Bitters and lemon is also used (by bartenders) to treat hiccoughs. Sazerac™ is often considered closest to the original recipe, however it is a trade secret. Screaming Orgasm ½ oz (15 mL) vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) amaretto, ½ oz (15 mL) triple sec, ½ oz (15 mL) white creme de cacao, 1 oz (30 mL) light cream. Shake all of the ingredients into a cocktail shaker with ice, then strain it into a cocktail glass. Alternative style: 1 oz (30 mL) vodka, ¾ oz (20 mL) Kahlúa, ½ oz (15 mL) amaretto, ½ oz (15 mL) Bailey's Irish Cream. Decorate with hazelnuts. Add all ingredients into a lowball glass. Related Drinks: The Multiple Screaming Orgasm contains half ounces of Baileys Irish Cream, Kahlúa and light rum instead of triple sec and creme de cacao, and is generally mixed with ice into a Collins glass. As an option, ½ oz (15 mL) Godiva Chocolate Liqueur may be added. Screwdriver 2 measures (60 mL) vodka, 4 ½ (130 mL) measures orange juice. Mix both the ingredients in a highball glass with ice. Garnish with a slice of orange. It is said to have been named by American oil-rig workers in the Middle East who opened and stirred cans of this beverage with their screwdrivers. Sea Breeze 2 cups (500 mL) vodka, 2 cups (500 mL) grapefruit juice, 1½ cups (375 mL) cranberry juice, 1 lime (cut in eighths), 1 cup (250 mL) soda water (optional). Combine in a pitcher. Makes about 10 10-oz (300 mL) drinks. Reference: Young and Hungry. Seaside-Summerbliss 2 parts red wine, 3 parts sweet non-alcoholic apple cider. Red wine first, then the cider. [29] Serbian Guerilla Fighter ⅓ oz (10 mL) pear brandy (Kruskovac), ⅓ oz (10 mL) plum brandy (Slivovitz), ⅓ oz (10 mL) Yukon Jack. Yukon first, Kruskovac middle, Slivovica on top. Light, blow out and drink. Sex on the Beach 2 oz (60 mL) vodka, 1 oz (30 mL) peach schnapps or chambord, splash of orange juice, splash of cranberry juice. The juice content can be modified to suit the individual. Alternative recipe: 1 oz (30 mL) peach schnapps, 1 oz (30 mL) vodka, 2 oz (60 mL) orange juice, 2 oz (60 mL) pineapple juice, 2 oz (60 mL) cranberry juice. Sex with an Alligator ½ oz (15 mL) melon liqueur, ½ splash sweet and sour mix, ½ oz (15 mL) raspberry liqueur, ½ oz (15 mL) Jägermeister. Pour melon liqueur and sweet and sour mix into a shot or pousse-cafe glass. Sink raspberry liqueur onto the side of the glass, and top with jager. Properly made, this shot will consist of 3 layers. Reference: DrinkStreet.com Sexy Alligator Layered Shot. Tanqueray and sweet and sour. Razzmatazz on bottom and jagermeister on top. Shandy Shandy is a mixture of bitter beer and lemonade, served in a pint or half-pint glass. Quantities are about equal measures although sometimes it's about 2/3 bitter to ⅓ lemonade. The same drink made with lager is known as a Lager Top. Shandy Gaff A Shandy Gaff is a variant of the shandy. It is made of equal parts ginger beer and beer. "Jamaican Style" ginger beer is generally preferred, but difficult to purchase in many areas. The beer is best added last, to avoid spillage. Shirley Temple 1 dash grenadine, white soda to fill, 1 cherry. Build as a highball. This drink is layered. the grenadine is made to lie at the bottom and the soda at the top, as with water and oil. Reference: The Official Harvard Student Agencies Bartending Course, Third Edition, ISBN 0-312-25286-2 . Alternative: 4 oz (120 mL) lemon-lime soda or ginger ale and 2 oz (60 mL) orange juice can be used. Club soda may substitute for lemon-lime soda. The grenadine may be sprinkled over top, especially in variations involving juice. This cocktail may be garnished with a slice of lemon and a cherry. Some variations specify filling a glass completely with ice and then mixing however much of the ingredients will fit; others specify only a little ice. Named after the actress of the same name. Shot Train Line up six shots of different alcoholics content in descending order. Drink quickly. For added visual appeal, set the first shot, which should be over 70% alcohol, on fire. Typically this is used as a drinking game, racing other opponents to finish the row of shots. 1 oz (30 mL) cognac, 1 oz (30 mL) lemon juice, 1 oz (30 mL) Cointreau or triple sec. Shake with ice, and then strain into a cocktail glass. Sugar rim on the glass. See Bartending/Cocktails/Sidecar for details. Silver Bullet 40 mL gin, 20 mL Jägermeister, 10 mL fresh lemon juice, There are various variations of this recipe, however. Some use whisky or kümmel instead of Jägermeister, others use different amounts of the main ingredients. Silver Gin Fizz Juice of ½ lemon, juice of ½ lime (optional), 1 tbsp (15 mL) powdered sugar (or less, to taste), 1 egg white, 2 oz (60 mL) gin, chilled soda water. Shake juice, sugar, egg and gin with ice. Then shake it some more. Once you are warn out, strain into a Fizz or Highball glass (don't put any ice in the glass). Top the frothy mix with a few ounces of cold soda water. Singapore Sling 1½ oz (45 mL) gin, ½ oz (15 mL) Peter Cherry Heering, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) Cointreau, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) Benedictine, 2 oz (60 mL) pineapple juice, dash of Angostura bitters, 2 dashes grenadine, ½ fresh lime juice, club soda (optional), orange slice (for garnish), cherry (for garnish). Shake all ingredient (except soda) and strain into highball glass. Top with soda. Garnish with orange slice and cherry. Ngiam Tong Boon, bartender at Raffles Hotel, Singapore, created this drink in 1915. Originally created for women, this cocktail has become popular among both sexes. The recipe varies from book to book, listed is the original recipe from Raffles. An alternative is simply dash grenadine, 1 oz (30 mL) gin, ½ oz (15 mL) cherry brandy, orange juice and bar mix to fill the glass. Top with orange and a cherry. Slippery Nipple ½ shot (15 mL) butterscotch schnapps in a shot glass, ½ shot (15 mL) Bailey's Irish Cream on top. Alternative: 1 part white Sambuca, 1 part Baileys. Sloe Gin Fizz 1 oz. (30 mL) sloe gin, 2 oz (60 mL) sour mix. Fill with soda. Cherry garnish. Same as Tom Collins, substitute gin with sloe gin. Alternative: 1 part sloe gin, 1 part gin, .75 part fresh lemon juice, 1 part simple syrup, 3-4 parts soda water. Smoove B 12 oz (350 mL) horchata (a Mexican rice beverage), 4 oz (120 mL) Kahlúa. Mix in tumbler and serve. Named after the Onion columnist of the same name. Snakebite Equal measures lager and cider, served in a pint glass. Snakebite and Black is Snakebite with a shot of blackcurrant cordial in it. Snakebite is said to congeal if left overnight. Snowshoe 3 parts bourbon, 1 part peppermint schnapps. Pour over ice. The key is to only add the schnapps until there is a hint of mint flavour. Other recipes give equal ratios of schnapps to bourbon, but the bourbon gets clobbered by the overwhelming peppermint flavour, and it tastes like bourbon-flavoured Scope. Southern Peach Staten Island Ferry Steeplejack 1½ oz (45 mL) Calvados (apple brandy),2 ½ oz (75 mL) apple juice, ¼ oz (7.5 mL) fresh lime juice. Served in a Collins glass with ice. Fill with soda. Add lime wheel. Stinger 1.5 oz (45 mL) brandy, 0.5 oz (15 mL) white creme de menthe. The ingredients are combined in a cocktail shaker and strained into a cocktail glass. The origins of this drink are murky, but it is mentioned in bartender's recipe books as far back as Tom Bullock's Ideal Bartender, published in 1917. Strawberry Dream 3 strawberries, ¾ oz (20 mL) butterscotch schnapps, ¾ oz (20 mL) Bacardi light rum, ¾ oz (20 mL) Baileys Irish Cream, ¾ oz (20 mL) cream, 1½ oz (45 mL) milk, 4 ice cubes. For garnishing and presentation: thimble full of strawberry syrup, 1 strawberry. Blend ingredients until smooth. Coat the glass with the thimble full of strawberry syrup. Pour blended drink gently into glass. Garnish glass with the extra strawberry (of course!) Serve immediately (if possible in a tall cocktail glass/hurricane glass), and enjoy! Suburban 1½ oz (45 mL) rye whisky, ½ oz (15 mL) dark Jamaican rum, ½ oz (15 mL) port, dash of orange bitters, dash of Angostura bitters. Stir all ingredients in a cocktail shaker with cracked ice. Strain into a chilled cocktail glass. The Suburban is a drink sometimes associated with horse-racing and draws its name from the Suburban Handicap that was run in Brooklyn during the 1880s. Swank Motel 1 shot (30 mL) triple sec, 1 shot (30 mL) gin, tonic. The usual garnish is a maraschino cherry. Limes are said to bring out the gin taste too strongly, and are generally avoided. Sweet Chocolate Brown 2 parts Goldschlager, 1 part Canadian whiskey (traditionally Pendleton Whiskey), 1 part chocolate sauce. Mix into an ice-filled shaker. Serve over rocks in a lowball glass. Drink is usually slammed or chugged; taken in one large gulp. Sweet Tight Pussy 1 oz (30 mL) pineapple juice, ½ oz (15 mL) Midori melon liqueur, ½ oz (15 mL) peach schnapps, ½ oz (15 mL) 7-Up. Pour all ingredients into a cocktail shaker. Shake, strain into a shot glass, and serve. Swervin' Mervin Mix ¼ oz Rum, ¼ oz Gin, ¼ oz Vodka, ¼ oz Triple sec, and ¼ oz Midori melon liqueur. Finish with orange or pineapple juice and greadine. Shake and have ice added. Tequila Sunrise 2 oz (60 mL) tequila, 4 oz (120 mL) orange juice, 1 oz (30 mL) grenadine. Mix the tequila and orange juice in a mix glass with ice cubes, then pour it over in a highball glass with crushed ice cubes. Then top with grenadine, making it sink gradually down in the glass, making the illusion of a sunrise. [31] Texas Tea 1 oz (30 mL) Vodka, 1 oz (30 mL) Gin, 1 oz (30 mL) Rum, 1 oz (30 mL) Triple-sec, 1 oz (30 mL) Tequila. Stir over rocks into pint glass. Add 1 oz (30 mL) Dr. Pepper, top with lime and/or lemon. Three Dollar Shoes Three Wise Men 2/3 oz (20 mL) Jack Daniel's Whiskey, 2/3 oz (20 mL) Jim Beam Whiskey, 2/3 oz (20 mL) Johnnie Walker Scotch (Red Label). Pour ingredients into a shot glass and shoot. Three Wise Men Go Hunting ½ oz (15 mL) Jack Daniels Whiskey, ½ oz (15 mL) Jim Beam Whiskey, ½ oz (15 mL) Johnnie Walker Scotch (Red Label), ½ oz (15 mL) Wild Turkey Bourbon. Pour into a shot glass and shoot. 1 ounce each of Pineapple Schnapps, Triple Sec, two ounces of TY KU Black premium Sake, Sweet and Sour Mix, strain and serve with cayenne pepper on top. Ti'Punch 50 mL white agricultural rum, 10 mL cane syrup (cane sugar also works), ½ lime. Pour rum, then cane juice. Squeeze lime juice, then drop lime into drink. Stir. The Ti'Punch is a rum-based mixed drink that is especially popular in Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guyana and other French-speaking Caribbean states. It is usually served as an apéritif before starting a meal, both as a matter of tradition and because the drink itself is strongly alcoholic. A popular tradition is that of chacun prépare sa propre mort (roughly, each prepares his own death), where instead of serving the mixed drink, the bartender or host will simply place out the ingredients, and everyone will prepare the drink according to their own taste. Opinions differ as to whether it should be served with or without ice, but most agree that the "real" ti'punch should be served without ice. Tinto De Verano 1 bottle (750 mL) of red wine, 500 mL of lemonade, lots of ice. Pour the wine and lemonade into a pitcher and throw in lots of ice. If you feel like a stronger drink, add a shot of rum, or a vermouth such as martini . Pour into tall glasses and garnish with a twist of lemon. Tinto de Verano is a refreshing wine based cocktail similar to sangria which is very popular in Andalucia. The name translates as red wine of summer, and it is commonly drunk in summer. It is very refreshing, and is commonly served in beachside chiringuitos. It is also often home-made, or indeed bought ready-bottled from supermarkets. In the Costa del Sol it is common for locals to drink tinto verano while tourists drink sangria. Notes: The wine should be full bodied, but does not need to be expensive, a cheap tempranillo will do; the lemonade used should not be too sweet or taste strongly of lemon, but rather should be as close as possible to Spanish gaseosa or casera, which is carbonated water with a hint of artificial lemon flavouring and a hint of artificial sweetener. A stronger or sweeter lemonade such as Fanta, or traditional Americal lemonade will not do. If this kind of lemonade is unavailable, it can be replaced with carbonated water some sugar and a little lemon. Sprite would work, though it is not ideal, diet or lite sprite would work well. Tinto verano can be served with fruit, which makes it very similar to sangria. [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] Tom Collins Cracked ice, 1.5 oz (45 mL) gin, juice of one lemon (about 1 oz [30 mL]), 1 tsp (5 mL) fine sugar or sugar syrup, club soda. Garnish. Fill a Collins glass up about two-thirds with ice. Add sugar, lemon juice and gin. Stir well. Top off glass with club soda. A garnish, such as a maraschino cherry, is optional. Variations include using (unsweetened) lime juice instead of lemon juice; skipping the sugar in the above recipe, and using lemon-lime soda instead of club soda; and using "Collins mixer" soda (essentially slightly sweet lime soda) om place of the lime juice, sugar and club soda. Tombstone 1 part barley wine, 2 parts cider. It is popular in England, especially in Gloucestershire. Trader Vic's Rum Fizz 1½ oz (45 mL) light rum, 1 oz (30 mL) lemon juice, 2 tsp (10 mL) sugar, 1 egg, ½ oz (15 mL) chilled cream soda, grated orange rind. Shake juice, sugar, egg and rum with ice. Strain and top with cream soda. Polish off with grated orange rind. This is a Gin Fizz (qv) made with egg yolk instead of egg white. A Royal Fizz uses both. Give the drink its fizz with champagne instead of soda water and you've got a Diamond Fizz. And although the most popular Fizzes were anchored with gin, most any spirit can be worked into the routine. Tschunk squashed Lime, cane sugar, crushed ice, 20% rum, 80% club mate [37] Tucker Death Mix 1 litre grain alcohol (such as Everclear), 1 quart (1 L) Gatorade (Tucker says that lemon-lime is the "only true flavour"), 1 can Red Bull. Each batch makes slightly more than 2 litres of the 86 proof Tucker Death Mix, similar in alcohol content to a hard liquor such as vodka or rum. It was invented and popularised by Tucker Max as a way to quickly become inebriated. Variation: A variation of the Tucker Death Mix that appears in drinksmixer.com and freedrinkrecipes.com replaces 250 mL of grain alcohol with a second can of Red Bull, substituting alcohol content for flavour and caffeine. The volume produced is still the same but the alcoholic content is reduced to 32.4% (65 proof). Note: drinksmixer.com has the alternative composition listed as being 59 proof, which is presumably a miscalculation. The origins of the alternative composition of TDM are not known; however, it is worth noting that since Tucker Max was the eponymous originator of the beverage, the original proportions with higher alcohol content appearing on his website should be technically considered more correct. Tupper's Top Up Shot formation in a 2 oz shot glass- 15 mL vodka, 15 mL rum, 15 mL tequila, top up with raspberry sour puss Turbo Shandy Equal measures lager and alcoholic lemonade. The brand is not important although it is often made with Stella Artois and Smirnoff Ice. Dangerously effective. Twentieth Century-Cafe Royal Cocktail book 1937 Combine-1½ oz dry gin, ¾ oz white Lillet, ¾ oz white Creme de Cacao, ¾ oz fresh lemon juice, shake with ice and strain up into cocktail glass Vodka, rum, tequila, triple sec, amaretto, orange juice, pineapple juice, cranberry juice and crushed ice. Walter De Camp 40 mL bourbon, 20 mL lemon juice, 10 mL maple syrup, 2 drops Angostura, ice, slice of orange (for decoration). The drink was designed by Jasu Piasecki. It is named after a Finnish writer who writes answers to questions about partying, restaurants and celebrities in the Finnish City magazine after the writer described that "It has to contain whiskey, be a short drink and taste really good." Wedding Belle ⅓ dry gin, ⅓ Dubonnet, 1/6 orange juice and 1/6 cherry brandy, shaken with ice and strained into a glass. Whiskey Sour A Whiskey Sour is made with a double shot (50 mL) of whiskey (typically an American whiskey or bourbon will be used), 30 mL of lemon juice, 20 mL Gomme (a sugar syrup used in most cocktail bars), 2 dashes of Angostura bitters and a dash of egg white if required. The ingredients are then shaken and strained into a rocks (Old Fashioned) glass with cubed ice and garnished with a lemon twist. By increasing the ratio of lemon juice to Gomme one can increase the sourness of the cocktail. Too much Gomme will result in a cocktail that is too sickly and loses its original appeal - being sour. The flavour of a sour, especially a whiskey sour, has been likened to that of sour sweets that leaves the mouth watering and the tongue tingling but always wanting more. White Lady (or Delilah) 2 oz (60 mL) gin, 1 oz (30 mL) lemon juice, 1 oz (30 mL) Cointreau or triple sec. Shake or stir with ice. Strain into a cocktail glass, and garnish with a lemon twist. The White Lady is also known as the Delilah, possibly because it has a sweet, delicate flavour that masks its significant alcohol content. It is essentially a Sidecar made with gin in place of brandy. White Russian 1½ oz (45 mL) vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) Kahlúa, 4 tsps (20 mL) cream or milk. Mix together in glass. Add Cream to top off glass and blend until homogeneous. A White Russian is a twist on the Black Russian with the addition of cream. Wiki Waki Woo 0.5 oz (15 mL) vodka, 0.5 oz (15 mL) rum, ½ oz (15 mL) 151-proof rum, 0.5 oz (15 mL) tequila, 0.5 oz (15 mL) triple sec, 1 oz amaretto, 1 oz orange juice, 1 oz pineapple juice, 1 oz cranberry juice. Combine all ingredients except the 151 with ice in a glass, put a straw in it and pour the 151 into the straw. Wild Berry Fizz Skyy Berry, Raspberry Liquor, Sour Mix, topped with Champagne, sugar rim Wild Tea 1 part Wild Turkey brand bourbon, 2 parts Arizona Sweet Tea...delicious summer drink, created by JD of Hopatcong. Wisconsin Lunchbox A glass of half beer and half orange juice, with a shot of Amaretto dropped into it. It is similar to an Irish Carbomb or a Boilermaker. Like other similar such drinks, it is meant to be consumed quickly. Woo Woo (or Woo Woos) 1 ¼ oz (35 mL) vodka, ½ oz (15 mL) peach schnapps, 1 ¼ oz (35 mL) cranberry juice. Contents are poured in order over ice in a highball glass. The juice content can be modified to suit the individual. The cocktail was believed to have been made famous by Aled Jones from the Chris Moyles show on BBC Radio 1. Since then, this drink has picked up a reputation for being popular within the homosexual community. Zombie ½ Orange Juice and ½ Bar Mix (lemon or lime juice) ½ oz (15 mL) White Rum, ½ oz (15 mL) Amber Rum, ½ oz (15 mL) Dark Rum and ½ oz(15 mL) Cherry Brandy garnish with an Orange and Cherry Serve in a Zombie glass (Collins). The Zombie is a strong cocktail made of fruit juices and rum, so named because of its perceived effects on the drinker. Scottish comedian and actor Billy Connolly commented on the concoction's potential to make one drunk from the feet up; he felt fine until he got up to go to the bathroom, whereupon he collapsed to the floor having temporarily lost the use of his legs. For more information on this drink see Bartending/Cocktails/Zombie .

Black Velvet

Which famous Vice Admiral, who died on December 7, 1817, is famous for navigating a life boat 3,618 nautical miles to the island of Timor, having been put overboard by mutineer Fletcher Christian?

Guinness and Champagne: Two Great Tastes, Do They Taste Great Together? - 2 Hollywood Winos 2 Hollywood Winos Seghesio – A Sonoma Winery & 2009 Chianti Station Is Beaujolais Nouveau “the” Thanksgiving Wine? So  in all honesty I feel the need to preface this entry with the stipulation that I am a purist when it comes to most things. I have a modern design sensibility that usually prefers to celebrate simple uncomplicated things and bask in their functional honesty. For instance, years ago when it seemed the city was full of  bars specialized in a myriad of martini concoctions from Appletini’s to Chochotini’s to ones that featured bacon, I could not be swayed from a classic dirty gin martini. Ok once in a while I would shake it up with vodka (pun intended), but you probably understand where I’m coming from. For the sake of changing up the blog a bit, I decided to try something new this time. I’ve been reading lately about a fad in the mixology world of what’s being called Champagne Cocktails. Drinks combining Champagne or Sparkling Wine with the likes of Beer, Cognac or a number of liqueurs. This isn’t a new fad, it’s apparently been around for way over a hundred years. For our taste today we decided upon a simple classic called The Black Velvet, it consists of equal parts of champagne (or in this case Roederer Estate Anderson Valley Brut Sparkling Wine) and Guinness stout. I poured half a glass of bubbly into a champagne flute and carefully dribbled in another have of Guinness over the back of a spoon. In a bout of research done post taste test, I learned that inverting the order of the pours makes for a more attractive drink with the dark stout settled at the bottom of the glass. Steve Says: The Black Velvet sounded like an odd combination off the bat and as it turns out, it certainly is. In my mind it clearly doesn’t live up to its hype. I find it too sweet and the Guinness imparts a huge toasty, yeasty heaviness that simply overpowers the drink. I suppose that I shouldn’t be surprised, after all Guinness is one of the heavier beers you can find. Also the in-your-face bitterness of the Guinness doesn’t appear to be softened at all by the sparkling wine. Unfortunately it’s almost undrinkable. I’m always up for trying anything once, but this will likely be my one and only experiment with the Black Velvet. That being said, perhaps with some tinkering of the recipe and the bubbly used you might find a more pleasing balance but it’s clearly not my style of drink in its current form. On the bright side, I did enjoy finishing off the sparkling wine on its own. It shows a pleasing character. Of course it won’t stop you in your tracks, but with hints of tart green apple, a touch of sugar and slightly muted crispness it is certainly drinkable. It is unremarkable, but for  its price point of $10 when you need a quick inexpensive glass of bubbly it could certainly fill the bill. The Black Velvet 1 star out of 5 The Roederer Estate Anderson Valley Brut Sparkling Wine 2.5 stars out of 5  

i don't know

Poseidon, the god of the sea in Greek mythology, was known by what name in Roman mythology?

POSEIDON - Greek God of the Sea & Earthquakes (Roman Neptune) Poseidon Poseidon-Neptune and Hippocamps, Greco-Roman mosaic C3rd A.D., Sousse Archaeological Museum POSEIDON was the Olympian god of the sea, earthquakes, floods, drought and horses. He was depicted as a mature man with a sturdy build and dark beard holding a trident (a three-pronged fisherman's spear). MYTHS At birth Poseidon was swallowed whole by his father Kronos (Cronus), but Zeus later enlisted the aid of the goddess Metis who fed the Titan a magical elixir causing him to disgorge the god. << More >> During the War of the Titanes, the Kyklopes (Cyclopes) crafted a magical trident for Poseidon, and together with his brothers Zeus and Haides he defeated the elder gods and imprisoned them in Tartaros. << More >> Poseidon and his brothers drew lots for the division of the cosmos after the fall of the Titanes, and won the sea as his domain. When the Gigantes (Giants) besieged the gods of Olympos, Poseidon crushed Polybotes beneath the island of Kos (Cos). < <More >> He entered a contest with the goddess Athena for dominion over Athens and produced the very first horse as a gift. But the king refused him the prize and in anger Poseidon afflicted the land with drought. The god assaulted his sister Demeter in the shape of a horse as she was wandering the earth in search of her daughter Persephone. << More >> Poseidon seduced many nymphs and mortal woman often in the guise of an animal or flowing water. Some of his most famous conquests were the Gorgon Medousa (Medusa), Tyro, Amymone, and Aithra mother of the hero Theseus. << More >> The god helped build the walls of the city of Troy, but when King Laomedon refused the payment he had promised, Poseidon sent a sea-monster to ravage the land. << More >> The hero Odysseus blinded the god's son Polyphemos on his return from Troy and Poseidon sent a storm to scatter and wreck the hero's fleet. << More >> Many other myths are detailed over the following pages. SYMBOLS & ATTRIBUTES Poseidon's most distinctive attribute was the trident, a three-pronged fishing spear. He sometimes also wielded a boulder encrusted with sea creatures (crayfish, octopi, fish, etc.). The god was either clothed in a robe (chiton) and cloak (himation) or depicted nude with just a cloak draped loosely about his arms and shoulders. He was often crowned with a wreath of wild celery or a simple headband. Below are some examples of his attributes as depicted in ancient Greek art:- 1. Trident & boulder; 2. Trident's head; 3. Boulder with sea creatures; 4. Headband; 5. Wreath of celery-leaves; 6. Billowing cloak. SACRED ANIMALS & PLANTS Poseidon's sacred animals were the bull, the horse and the dolphin. As god of the sea he was also closely associated with fish and other marine creatures. His chariot was drawn by a pair of fish-tailed horses (Greek: hippokampoi). The most famous of his sacred animals in myth was the Cretan Bull, sire of the Minotaur. Poseidon's sacred plants were the pine tree and wild celery which were used to crown victors at the god's Isthmian Games. Below are examples of the god's animals as depicted in ancient Greek art and photos of his sacred plants:- 1. Hippocamp (half-horse, half-fish); 2. Dolphin; 3. Pine tree; 4. Wild celery. POSEIDON PAGES ON THEOI.COM This site contains a total of 6 pages describing the god, including general descriptions, mythology, and cult. The content is outlined in the Index of Poseidon Pages (left column or below). FAMILY OF POSEIDON KRONOS & RHEA (Homer Iliad 15.187, Hesiod Theogony 453, Apollodorus 1.4, Diodorus Siculus 5.68.1, et al) OFFSPRING See Family of Poseidon Poseidon was a son of the Titans Kronos (Cronus) and Rheia and a grandson of Ouranos (the Heavens) and Gaia (the Earth). He was a brother of the gods Zeus, Haides, Hera, Demeter and Hestia. Poseidon married the marine-goddess Amphitrite, eldest child of Nereus, first born son of Pontos (the Sea), a marital alliance which secured his dominion over the sea. Their son was the fish-tailed god Triton. He also had numerous mortal offspring including giants such as Antaios and the cyclops Polyphemos, magical horses like Pegasos and Arion, and various human kings, heroes and villians including Theseus and Bellerophontes. << More >> Below are two graphics depicting Poseidon's family tree, the first with names transliterated from the Greek and the second with the common English spellings:- CLASSICAL LITERATURE QUOTES Chariot of Poseidon, Greco-Roman mosaic, Bardo National Museum I) THE HOMERIC HYMNS Homeric Hymn 22 to Poseidon (trans. Evelyn-White) (Greek epic C7th or 6th B.C.) : "I begin to sing about Poseidon, the great god, mover of the earth and fruitless sea, god of the deep who is also lord of Helikon (Helicon) and wide Aigai (Aegae). O Shaker of the Earth (Ennosigaios), to be a tamer of horses and a saviour of ships! Hail Poseidon Holder of the Earth (gaienokhos), dark-haired lord! O blessed one, be kindly in heart and help those who voyage in ships!" II) THE ORPHIC HYMNS Orphic Hymn 17 to Poseidon (trans. Taylor) (Greek hymns C3rd B.C. to 2nd A.D.) : "Hear, Poseidon, ruler of the sea profound, whose liquid grasp begirds the solid ground; who, at the bottom of the stormy main, dark and deep-bosomed holdest they watery reign. Thy awful hand the brazen trident bears, and sea's utmost bound thy will reveres. Thee I invoke, whose steeds the foam divide, from whose dark locks the briny waters glide; shoe voice, loud sounding through the roaring deep, drives all its billows in a raging heap; when fiercely riding through the boiling sea, thy hoarse command the trembling waves obey. Earth-shaking, dark-haired God, the liquid plains, the third division, fate to thee ordains. 'Tis thine, cerulean daimon, to survey, well-pleased, the monsters of the ocean play. Confirm earth's basis, and with prosperous gales waft ships along, and swell the spacious sails; add gentle peace, and fair-haired health beside, and pour abundance in a blameless tide." III) OTHER HYMNS Aelian, On Animals 12. 45 (trans. Schofield) (Greek natural history C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : "Arion [the poet rescued by a dolphin] wrote a hymn of thanks to Poseidon that bears witness to the dolphin's love of music and is a kind of payment of the reward due to them also for having saved his life. This is the hymn : ‘Highest of the gods, lord of the sea, Poseidon of the golden trident, earth-shaker in the swelling brine, around thee the finny monsters (theres) in a ring swim and dance, with nimble flingings of their feet leaping lightly, snub-nosed hounds with bristling neck, swift runners, music-loving dolphins, sea-nurslings of the Nereis (Nereid) maids divine, whom Amphitrite bore, even they that carried me, a wanderer on the Sikelian (Sicilian) main, to the headland of Tainarion (Taenarum) in Pelops' land, mounting me upon their humped backs as they clove the furrow of Nereus' plain, a path untrodden, when deceitful men had cast me from their sea-faring hollow ship in to the purple swell of sea.’" ANCIENT GREEK & ROMAN ART Poseidon, Athenian red-figure calyx krater C5th B.C., Yale University Art Gallery POSEIDON (Poseidôn), the god of the Mediterranean sea. His name seems to be connected with potos, pontos and potamos, according to which he is the god of the fluid element. (Müller, Proleg. p. 290.) He was a son of Cronos and Rhea (whence he is called Kronios and by Latin poets Saturnius, Pind. Ol. vi. 48; Virg. Aen. v. 799.) He was accordingly a brother of Zeus, Hades, Hera, Hestia and Demeter, and it was determined by lot that he should rule over the sea. (Hom. Il. xiv. 156, xv. 187, &c.; Hes. Theog, 456.) Like his brothers and sisters, he was, after his birth, swallowed by his father Cronos, but thrown up again. (Apollod. i. 1. § 5, 2. § 1.) According to others, he was concealed by Rhea, after his birth, among a flock of lambs, and his mother pretended to have given birth to a young horse, which she gave to Cronos to devour. A well in the neighbourhood of Mantineia, where this is said to have happened, was believed, from this circumstance, to have derived the name of the "Lamb's Well," or Arne. (Paus. viii. 8. § 2.) According to Tzetzes (ad Lycoph. 644) the nurse of Poseidon bore the name of Arne; when Cronos searched after his son, Arne is said to have declared that she knew not where he was, and from her the town of Arne was believed to have received its name. According to others, again, he was brought up by the Telchines at the request of Rhea. (Diod. v. 55.) In the earliest poems, Poseidon is described as indeed equal to Zeus in dignity, but weaker. (Hom. Il. viii. 210, xv. 165, 186, 209; comp. xiii. 355, Od. xiii. 148.) Hence we find him angry when Zeus, by haughty words, attempts to intimidate him; nay, he even threatens his mightier brother, and once he conspired with Hera and Athena to put him into chains (Hom. Il. xv. 176, &c., 212, &c.; comp. i. 400.); but, on the other hand, we also find him yielding and submissive to Zeus (viii. 440). The palace of Poseidon was in the depth of the sea near Aegae in Euboea (xiii. 21; Od. v. 381), where he kept his horses with brazen hoofs and golden manes. With these horses he rides in a chariot over the waves of the sea, which become smooth as he approaches, and the monsters of the deep recognise him and play around his chariot. (Il. xiii. 27, comp. Virg. Aen. v. 817, &c., i. 147; Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1240, &c.) Generally he himself put his horses to his chariot, but sometimes he was assisted by Amphitrite. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 1158, iv. 1325; Eurip. Androm. 1011; Virg. Aen. v. 817.) But although he generally dwelt in the sea, still he also appears in Olympus in the assembly of the gods. (Hom. II. viii. 440, xiii. 44, 352, xv. 161, 190, xx. 13.) Poseidon in conjunction with Apollo is said to have built the walls of Troy for Laomedon (vii. 452; Eurip. Androm. 1014),whence Troy is called Neptunia Pergama (Neptunus and Poseidon being identified, Ov. Fast. i. 525, Heroid. iii. 151; comp. Virg. Aen. vi. 810.) Accordingly, although he was otherwise well disposed towards the Greeks, yet he was jealous of the wall which the Greeks built around their own ships, and he lamented the inglorious manner in which the walls erected by himself fell by the hands of the Greeks. (Hom. Il. xii. 17, 28, &c.) When Poseidon and Apollo had built the walls of Troy, Laomedon refused to give them the reward which had been stipulated, and even dismissed them with threats (xxi. 443); but Poseidon sent a marine monster, which was on the point of devouring Laomedon's daughter, when it was killed by Heracles. ii. 5 § 9.) For this reason Poseidon like Hera bore an implacable hatred against the Trojans, from which not even Aeneas was excepted (Hom. Il. xx. 293, &c.; comp. Virg. Aen. v. 810; Il. xxi. 459, xxiv. 26, xx. 312, &c.), and took an active part in the war against Troy, in which he sided with the Greeks, sometimes witnessing the contest as a spectator from the heights of Thrace, and sometimes interfering in person, assuming the appearance of a mortal hero and encouraging the Greeks, while Zeus favoured the Trojans. (Il. xiii. 12, &c., 44, &c., 209, 351, 357, 677, xiv. 136, 510.) When Zeus permitted the gods to assist whichever party they pleased, Poseidon joining the Greeks, took part in the war, and caused the earth to tremble; he was opposed by Apollo, who, however, did not like to fight against his uncle. (Il. xx. 23, 34, 57, 67, xxi. 436, &c.) In the Odyssey, Poseidon appears hostile to Odysseus, whom he prevents from returning home in consequence of his having blinded Polyphemus, a son of Poseidon by the nymph Thoosa. (Hom. Od. i. 20, 68, v. 286, &c., 366, &c., 423, xi. 101, &e., xiii. 125; Ov. Trist. i. 2. 9.) Being the ruler of the sea (the Mediterranean), he is described as gathering clouds and calling forth storms, but at the same he has it in his power to grant a successful voyage and save those who are in danger, and all other marine divinities are subject to him. As the sea surrounds and holds the earth, he himself is described as the god who holds the earth (gaiêochos), and who has it in his power to shake the earth (enosichthôn, kinêtêr gas). He was further regarded as the creator of the horse, and was accordingly believed to have taught men the art of managing horses by the bridle, and to have been the originator and protector of horse races. (Hom. Il. xxiii. 307, 584; Pind. Pyth. vi.50 ; Soph. Oed. Col. 712, &c.) Hence he was also represented on horseback, or riding in a chariot drawn by two or four horses, and is designated by the epithets hippios, hippeios, or hippios anax. (Paus. i. 30. § 4, viii. 25. § 5, vi. 20. § 8, viii. 37. § 7 ; Eurip. Phoen. 1707; comp. Liv. i. 9, where he is called equester.) In consequence of his connection with the horse, he was regarded as the friend of charioteers (Pind. Ol. i. 63, &c.; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 156), and he even metamorphosed himself into a horse, for the purpose of deceiving Demeter. The common tradition about Poseidon creating the horse is as follows:-- when Poseidon and Athena disputed as to which of them should give the name to the capital of Attica, the gods decided, that it should receive its name from him who should bestow upon man the most useful gift. Poseidon their created the horse, and Athena called forth the olive tree, for which the honour was conferred upon her. (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 12.) According to others, however, Poseidon did not create the horse in Attica, but in Thessaly, where he also gave the famous horses to Peleus. (Lucan, Phars. vi. 396, &c.; Hom. Il. xxiii. 277; Apollod. iii. 13. § 5.) The symbol of Poseidon's power was the trident, or a spear with three points, with which he used to shatter rocks, to call forth or subdue storms, to shake the earth, and the like. Herodotus (ii. 50, iv. 188) states, that the name and worship of Poseidon was imported to the Greeks from Libya, but he was probably a divinity of Pelasgian origin, and originally a personification of the fertilising power of water, from which the transition to regarding him as the god of the sea was not difficult. It is a remarkable circumstance that in the legends about this divinity there are many in which he is said to have disputed the possession of certain countries with other gods. Thus, in order to take possession of Attica, he thrust his trident into the ground on the acropolis, where a well of sea-water was thereby called forth; but Athena created the olive tree, and the two divinities disputed, until the gods assigned Attica to Athena. Poseidon, indignant at this, caused the country to be inundated. (Herod. viii. 55; Apollod. iii. 14. § 1 ; Paus. i. 24. § 3, &c.; Hygin. Fab. 164.) With Athena he also disputed the possession of Troezene, and at the command of Zeus he shared the place with her. (Paus. ii. 30. § 6 ) With Helios he disputed the sovereignty of Corinth, which along with the isthmus was adjudged to him, while Helios received the acropolis. (ii. 1. § 6.) With Hera he disputed the possession of Argolis, which was adjudged to the former by Inachus, Cephissus, and Asterion, in consequence of which Poseidon caused the rivers of these river-gods to be dried up. (ii. 15. § 5, 22. § 5; Apollod. ii. 1. § 4.) With Zeus, lastly, he disputed the possession of Aegina, and with Dionysus that of Naxos. (Plut. Sympos. ix. 6.) At one time Delphi belonged to him in common with Ge, but Apollo gave him Calauria as a compensation for it. (Paus. ii. 33. § 2, x. 5. § 3; Apollon. Rhod. iii. 1243, with the Schol.) The following legends also deserve to be mentioned. In conjunction with Zeus he fought against Cronos and the Titans (Apollod. i. 2. § 1), and in the contest with the Giants he pursued Polybotes across the sea as far as Cos, and there killed him by throwing the island upon him. (Apollod. i. 6. § 2; Paus. i. 2. § 4.) He further crushed the Centaurs when they were pursued by Heracles, under a mountain in Leucosia, the island of the Seirens. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 4.) He sued together with Zeus for the hand of Thetis, but he withdrew when Themis prophesied that the son of Thetis would be greater than his father. (Apollod. iii. 13. § 5; Tzetz. ad Lyc. 178.) When Ares had been caught in the wonderful net by Hephaestus, the latter set him free at the request of Poseidon (Hom. Od. viii. 344, &c.), but Poseidon afterwards brought a charge against Ares before the Areiopagus, for having killed his son Halirrhothius. (Apollod. iii. 14. § 2.) At the request of Minos, king of Crete, Poseidon caused a bull to rise from the sea, which the king promised to sacrifice; but when Minos treacherously concealed the animal among a herd of oxen, the god punished Minos by causing his daughter Pasiphaë to fall in love with the bull. (Apollod. iii. § 3, &c.) Periclymenus, who was either a son or a grandson of Poseidon, received from him the power of assuming various forms. (i. 9. § 9, iii. 6. § 8.) Poseidon was married to Amphitrite, by whom he had three children, Triton, Rhode, and Benthesicyme (Hes. Theog. 930; Apollod. i. 4. § 6, iii. 15. § 4); but he had besides a vast number of children by other divinities and mortal women. He is mentioned by a variety of surnames, either in allusion to the many legends related about him, or to his nature as the god of the sea. His worship extended over all Greece and southern Italy, but he was more especially revered in Peloponnesus (which is hence called oikêtêrion Poseidônos) and in the Ionic coast towns. The sacrifices offered to him generally consisted of black and white bulls (Hom. Od. iii. 6, Il. xx. 404; Pind. Ol. xiii. 98; Virg. Aen. v. 237); but wild boars and rams were also sacrificed to him. (Hom. Od. xi. 130, &c., xxiii. 277; Virg. Aen. iii. 119.) In Argolis bridled horses were thrown into the well Deine as a sacrifice to him (Paus. viii. 7. § 2), and horse and chariot races were held in his honour on the Corinthian isthmus. (Pind. Nem. v. 66, &c.) The Panionia, or the festival of all the Ionians near Mycale, was celebrated in honour of Poseidon. (Herod. i. 148.) In works of art, Poseidon may be easily recognised by his attributes, the dolphin, the horse, or the trident (Paus. x. 36. § 4), and he was frequently represented in groups along with Amphitrite, Tritons, Nereids, dolphins, the Dioscuri, Palaemon, Pegasus, Bellerophontes, Thalassa, Ino, and Galene. (Paus. ii. 1. § 7.) His figure does not present the majestic calm which characterises his brother Zeus; but as the state of the sea is varying, so also is the god represented sometimes in violent agitation, and sometimes in a state of repose. It must be observed that the Romans identified Poseidon with their own Neptunus, and that accordingly the attributes belonging to the former are constantly transferred by the Latin poets to the latter. Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. SOURCES (ALL POSEIDON PAGES)

Neptune

A bone is joined to a muscle by what tough band of inelastic fibrous tissue?

Poseidon | Greek mythology | Britannica.com Greek mythology Cronus Poseidon, in Greek religion , god of the sea (and of water generally), earthquakes, and horses. He is distinguished from Pontus, the personification of the sea and the oldest Greek divinity of the waters. The name Poseidon means either “husband of the earth” or “lord of the earth.” Traditionally, he was a son of Cronus (the youngest of the 12 Titans ) and of Cronus’s sister and consort Rhea , a fertility goddess. Poseidon was a brother of Zeus , the sky god and chief deity of ancient Greece , and of Hades , god of the underworld. When the three brothers deposed their father, the kingdom of the sea fell by lot to Poseidon. His weapon and main symbol was the trident, perhaps once a fish spear . According to the Greek poet Hesiod , Poseidon’s trident, like Zeus’s thunderbolt and Hades’ helmet, was fashioned by the three Cyclopes . Poseidon, marble statue from Melos, 2nd century bce; in the National Archaeological Museum, … Alinari/Art Resource, New York As the god of earthquakes, Poseidon was also connected to dry land, and many of his oldest places of worship in Greece were inland, though these were sometimes centred on pools and streams or otherwise associated with water. In this aspect, he was known as enosichthon and ennosigaios (“earth-shaker”) and was worshipped as asphalios (“stabilizer”). As the god of horses, Poseidon is thought likely to have been introduced to Greece by the earliest Hellenes, who also introduced the first horses to the country about the 2nd century bce. Poseidon himself fathered many horses, best known of which was the winged horse Pegasus by the Gorgon Medusa . Ruins of a temple of Poseidon, Attica, Greece. © Digital Vision/Getty Images Poseidon came into conflict with a variety of figures in land disputes. Notable among these was a contest for sovereignty over Attica , which he lost to the goddess Athena . Despite losing, Poseidon was also worshipped there, particularly at Colonus (as hippios, “of horses”). Poseidon hurling his trident, coin (reverse), 306–282 bce. Diameter 1.1 inches (28 mm). WGS Photofile Athena Poseidon’s offspring were myriad . He was the father of Pelias and Neleus by Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus, and thus became the divine ancestor of the royal families of Thessaly and Messenia. Many of his sons became rulers in other parts of the ancient Greek world. Otherwise he had many monstrous offspring, including giants and savage creatures, such as Orion , Antaeus , and Polyphemus . Progenitor of many, with several consorts, Poseidon also was married to the Oceanid Amphitrite , with whom he also had multiple offspring, including the sea creature Triton . The chief festival in Poseidon’s honour was the Isthmia , the scene of famous athletic contests (including horse races), celebrated in alternate years near the Isthmus of Corinth . His character as a sea god eventually became his most prominent in art, and he was represented with the attributes of the trident, the dolphin , and the tuna. The Romans, ignoring his other aspects, identified him with Neptune as sea god. Amphitrite and Poseidon in a chariot drawn by Tritons, detail of a frieze from an altar in the … Giraudon/Art Resource, New York Poseidon - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) In the religion and mythology of ancient Greece, Poseidon was the god of the sea and of water in general. Unpredictable and often violent, he frequently represented the destructive power of the sea and was also the god of earthquakes. He was closely associated with horses as well. In art, Poseidon was typically shown as a bearded man carrying a trident (a three-pronged fishing spear) and accompanied by a dolphin or a tuna. He traveled over the sea in a chariot pulled by creatures that had the heads and bodies of horses and the tails of fish. Poseidon was one of the 12 chief gods who lived on Mount Olympus. The Romans identified their god Neptune with Poseidon. Article History

i don't know

What youth groups motto is “Be Prepared”?

Boy Scout Motto Boy Scout Motto Be Prepared: The Motto of the Boy Scouts of America Excerpted from page 54, Boy Scout Handbook, 11th ed, (#33105), copyright 1998 by BSA, ISBN 0-8395-3105-2 Be Prepared. That's the motto of the Boy Scouts. "Be prepared for what?" someone once asked Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting, "Why, for any old thing." said Baden-Powell. The training you receive in your troop will help you  live up to the Scout motto. When someone has an accident, you are prepared because of your first aid instruction. Because of lifesaving practice, you might be able to save a nonswimmer who has fallen into deep water. But Baden-Powell wasn't thinking just of being ready for emergencies. His idea was that all Scouts should prepare themselves to become productive citizens and to give happiness to other people. He wanted each Scout to be ready in mind and body for any struggles, and to meet with a strong heart whatever challenges might lie ahead. Be prepared for life - to live happily and without regret, knowing that you have done your best. That's what the Scout motto means. Page updated on: May 02, 2013 © 1994-2017 - U.S. Scouting Service Project | Site Map | Disclaimer | Project Team | Contact Us | Privacy Policy Materials found at U. S. Scouting Service Project, Inc. Websites may be reproduced and used locally by Scouting volunteers for training purposes consistent with the programs of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) [ Links to BSA Sites ], the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) or other Scouting and Guiding Organizations. No material found here may be used or reproduced for electronic redistribution or for commercial or other non-Scouting purposes without the express permission of the U. S. Scouting Service Project, Inc. (USSSP) or other copyright holders. USSSP is not affiliated with BSA or WOSM and does not speak on behalf of BSA or WOSM. Opinions expressed on these web pages are those of the web authors. You can support this website with in two ways: Visit Our Trading Post at www.ScoutingBooks.com or make a donation by clicking the button below. (U.S. Scouting Service Project Donation) (Ruth Lyons Memorial Donations)

Boy Scouts

Dec 6, 1850 saw the invention of the Ophthalmoscope, a device that allows doctors to examine what part of the body?

Boy Scout Motto and Aims Boy Scout Aims and Methods Aims of Scouting Character Development This aim is to build self-reliance, self-discipline, self-confidence, and self-respect. The scout understands and improves himself: his personal qualities, his values, his outlook on life. Citizenship Training This aim is to nurture respect of, participation in, and caring for community, nation, and world while fostering a commitment of service to others and an understanding of local, state, and national government. Citizenship refers to the scout's relationship to others - his obligations to other people, to the society he lives in, and to the government of his society. Personal Fitness This aim is to develop life-long physical, mental, emotional, and moral fitness. Fitness includes a healthy, strong body, a mind able to imagine and reason, and a spirit of courage, caring, and self-control. Methods of Scouting Ideals The ideals of Boy Scouting are spelled out in the Scout Oath , the Scout Law , the Scout motto, and the Scout slogan. The Boy Scout measures himself against these ideals and continually tries to improve. The goals are high, and as he reaches for them, he has some control over what and who he becomes. Patrols The patrol method gives Boy Scouts an experience in group living and participating citizenship. It places responsibility on young shoulders and teaches boys how to accept it. The patrol method allows Scouts to interact in small groups where members can easily relate to each other. These small groups determine troop activities through elected representatives. Outdoor Programs Boy Scouting is designed to take place outdoors. It is in the outdoor setting that Scouts share responsibilities and learn to live with one another. In the outdoors the skills and activities practiced at troop meetings come alive with purpose. Being close to nature helps Boy Scouts gain an appreciation for the beauty of the world around us. The outdoors is the laboratory in which Boy Scouts learn ecology and practice conservation of nature's resources. Advancement Boy Scouting provides a series of surmountable obstacles and steps in overcoming them through the advancement method. The Boy Scout plans his advancement and progresses at his own pace as he meets each challenge. The Boy Scout is rewarded for each achievement, which helps him gain self-confidence. The steps in the advancement system help a Boy Scout grow in self-reliance and in the ability to help others. Associations With Adults Boys learn a great deal by watching how adults conduct themselves. Scout leaders can be positive role models for the members of the troop. In many cases a Scoutmaster who is willing to listen to boys, encourage them, and take a sincere interest in them can make a profound difference in their lives. Personal Growth As Boy Scouts plan their activities and progress toward their goals, they experience personal growth. The Good Turn concept is a major part of the personal growth method of Boy Scouting. Boys grow as they participate in community service projects and do Good Turns for others. Probably no device is as successful in developing a basis for personal growth as the daily Good Turn. The religious emblems program also is a large part of the personal growth method. Frequent personal conferences with his Scoutmaster help each Boy Scout to determine his growth toward Scouting's aims. Leadership Development The Boy Scout program encourages boys to learn and practice leadership skills. Every Boy Scout has the opportunity to participate in both shared and total leadership situations. Understanding the concepts of leadership helps a boy accept the leadership role of others and guides him toward the citizenship aim of Scouting. Uniform The uniform makes the Boy Scout troop visible as a force for good and creates a positive youth image in the community. Boy Scouting is an action program, and wearing the uniform is an action that shows each Boy Scout's commitment to the aims and purposes of Scouting. The uniform gives the Boy Scout identity in a world brotherhood of youth who believe in the same ideals. The uniform is practical attire for Boy Scout activities and provides a way for Boy Scouts to wear the badges that show what they have accomplished. Scout Motto Be Prepared The Scout motto means that you are always ready to do what is necessary to help others. It also means you are ready, willing, and able to do what is necessary in any situation that comes along. You are also being prepared to live a full and worthwhile life, being a physically fit, honorable citizen of strong character. Scout Slogan Do a Good Turn Daily This does not mean that you should do just one Good Turn during the day and then stop. It means you should always be looking for extra opportunities to help others, quietly and without boasting. Remember that a Good Turn is an act of kindness, not just something you do because it is good manners. Good Turns should be done for family, friends, adults, children, and especially for those that are not able to do the task themselves.

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Who became the first state when they ratified the US Constitution on December 7, 1787?

Delaware ratifies the Constitution - Dec 07, 1787 - HISTORY.com Delaware ratifies the Constitution Publisher A+E Networks On this day in 1787, Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the Constitution, doing so by a unanimous vote. This momentous event occurred exactly one year after the Hampshire Herald published a statement by Thomas Grover listing the demands made by the participants in Shays’ Rebellion. The post-war economy left farmers of western Massachusetts and throughout the 13 states in distress. Many were unable to pay debts with the worthless paper money issued by state governments. Captain Daniel Shays, a Continental Army veteran, led an attack on the federal arsenal in Springfield, Massachusetts, as part of an effort to close the courts where debt lawyers sued debtors. Volunteers put down the rebellion, but wealthy men throughout the new states were terrified that such a revolt might be repeated. To further their fears, Shays-ite candidates swept the Massachusetts legislature in the next election. Debtors’ uprisings like Shays’ Rebellion were a significant impetus for the Philadelphia convention to strengthen the American union. Alexander Hamilton first called for discussions on revising the Articles of Confederation based on improving economic relations in the new republic. The process began in a hurried and extra-legal manner. The Constitutional Convention’s dictate that the new Constitution would come into effect after merely nine states ratified was strictly illegal under the Articles, which demanded unanimity among the states for amendments to take effect. The drafters wanted to take action quickly before the nation was irreversibly fractured. Delaware’s ratification indicated that the states were indeed willing to consider an extra-legal document drafted behind closed doors. In many ways, the ratification process was a sort of second American revolution and Delaware’s unanimous vote accurately foretold that it would take place without bloodshed. Related Videos

Delaware

Which president’s policy was to “speak softly and carry a big stick”?

The Ratification Process: State by State [ushistory.org] 16c. The Ratification Process: State by State The man behind the signature: This portrait of John Hancock was painted by John Singleton Copley. The ratification process started when the Congress turned the Constitution over to the state legislatures for consideration through specially elected state conventions of the people. Five state conventions voted to approve the Constitution almost immediately (December 1787 to January 1788) and in all of them the vote was unanimous (Delaware, New Jersey, Georgia) or lopsided (Pennsylvania, Connecticut). Clearly, the well-organized Federalists began the contest in strong shape as they rapidly secured five of the nine states needed to make the Constitution law. The Constitution seemed to have easy, broad, and popular support. However, a closer look at who ratified the Constitution in these early states and how it was done indicates that the contest was much closer than might appear at first glance. Four of the five states to first ratify were small states that stood to benefit from a strong national government that could restrain abuses by their larger neighbors. This copy of the Constitution was used by delegates to the New York ratification convention. The process in Pennsylvania, the one large early ratifier, was nothing less than corrupt. The Pennsylvania state assembly was about to have its term come to an end, and had begun to consider calling a special convention on the Constitution, even before Congress had forwarded it to the states. Antifederalists in the state assembly tried to block this move by refusing to attend the last two days of the session, since without them there would not be enough members present for the state legislature to make a binding legal decision. As a result extraordinarily coercive measures were taken to force Antifederalists to attend. Antifederalists were found at their boarding house and then dragged through the streets of Philadelphia and deposited in the Pennsylvania State House with the doors locked behind them. The presence of these Antifederalists against their will, created the required number of members to allow a special convention to be called in the state, which eventually voted 46 to 23 to accept the Constitution. The first real test of the Constitution in an influential state with both sides prepared for the contest came in Massachusetts in January 1788. Here influential older Patriots like Governor John Hancock and Sam Adams led the Antifederalists. Further, the rural western part of the state, where Shays' Rebellion had occurred the previous year, was an Antifederalist stronghold. A bitterly divided month-long debate ensued that ended with a close vote (187-168) in favor of the Constitution. Crucial to this narrow victory was the strong support of artisans who favored the new commercial powers of the proposed central government that might raise tariffs (taxes) on cheap British imports that threatened their livelihood. The Federalists' narrow victory in Massachusetts rested on a cross-class alliance between elite nationalists and urban workingmen. A revolutionary leader in Massachusetts, Samuel Adams founded Bowdoin College when he was governor of Massachusetts. At the time, Maine (where Bowdoin College is located) was part of Massachusetts. The Massachusetts vote also included an innovation with broad significance. John Hancock who shifted his initial opposition to the Constitution led the move toward ratification. Satisfied that certain amendments protecting individual rights were going to be considered by the first new Congress that would meet should the Constitution become law. This compromise helped carry the narrow victory in Massachusetts and was adopted by every subsequent state convention to ratify (except Maryland). By the spring conventions in the required nine states had ratified, and the Constitution could become law. But with powerful, populous, and highly divided Virginia and New York yet to vote, the legitimacy of the new national system had not yet been fully resolved.

i don't know

What famous Christmas icon was created by Montgomery Ward employee Robert L. May in 1939 for one of their catalogs?

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer : snopes.com Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Was Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer created to bring comfort to a girl whose mother was dying of cancer? - - Claim: The character 'Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer' was created by a father to bring comfort to his daughter as her mother was dying of cancer. Mixture WHAT'S TRUE: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer was created by a man whose wife was dying of cancer. WHAT'S FALSE: The story of Rudolph was created by a father to bring comfort to his daughter as her mother lay dying of cancer. Example: [Collected via e-mail, December 2010] A man named Bob May, depressed and brokenhearted, stared out his drafty apartment window into the chilling December night. His 4-year-old daughter Barbara sat on his lap quietly sobbing. Bob's wife, Evelyn, was dying of cancer. Little Barbara couldn't understand why her mommy could never come home. Barbara looked up into her dad's eyes and asked, "Why isn't Mommy just like everybody else's Mommy?" Bob's jaw tightened and his eyes welled with tears. Her question brought waves of grief, but also of anger. It had been the story of Bob's life. Life always had to be different for Bob. Small when he was a kid, Bob was often bullied by other boys. He was too little at the time to compete in sports. He was often called names he'd rather not remember. From childhood, Bob was different and never seemed to fit in. Bob did complete college, married his loving wife and was grateful to get his job as a copywriter at Montgomery Ward during the Great Depression. Then he was blessed with his little girl. But it was all short-lived. Evelyn's bout with cancer stripped them of all their savings and now Bob and his daughter were forced to live in a two-room apartment in the Chicago slums. Evelyn died just days before Christmas in 1938. Bob struggled to give hope to his child, for whom he couldn't even afford to buy a Christmas gift. But if he couldn't buy a gift, he was determined to make one — a storybook! Bob had created an animal character in his own mind and told the animal's story to little Barbara to give her comfort and hope. Again and again Bob told the story, embellishing it more with each telling. Who was the character? What was the story all about? The story Bob May created was his own autobiography in fable form. The character he created was a misfit outcast like he was. The name of the character? A little reindeer named Rudolph, with a big shiny nose. Bob finished the book just in time to give it to his little girl on Christmas Day. But the story doesn't end there. The general manager of Montgomery Ward caught wind of the little storybook and offered Bob May a nominal fee to purchase the rights to print the book. Wards went on to print, Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer and distribute it to children visiting Santa Claus in their stores. By 1946 Wards had printed and distributed more than six million copies of Rudolph. That same year, a major publisher wanted to purchase the rights from Wards to print an updated version of the book. In an unprecedented gesture of kindness, the CEO of Wards returned all rights back to Bob May. The book became a best seller. Many toy and marketing deals followed and Bob May, now remarried with a growing family, became wealthy from the story he created to comfort his grieving daughter. But the story doesn't end there either. Bob's brother-in-law, Johnny Marks, made a song adaptation to Rudolph. Though the song was turned down by such popular vocalists as Bing Crosby and Dinah Shore , it was recorded by the singing cowboy, Gene Autry. "Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer" was released in 1949 and became a phenomenal success, selling more records than any other Christmas song, with the exception of "White Christmas." The gift of love that Bob May created for his daughter so long ago kept on returning back to bless him again and again. And Bob May learned the lesson, just like his dear friend Rudolph, that being different isn't so bad. In fact, being different can be a blessing. Origin:To most of us, the character of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, immortalized in song and a popular holiday television special, has always been an essential part of our Christmas folklore, but Rudolph is in fact a mid-twentieth century invention whose creation can be traced to a specific time and person. However, the glurgified account of that event reproduced above, while essentially correct in its broad strokes, erroneously inverts a key aspect of the process: The story of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer was not developed by a man who was seeking to bring comfort to his daughter as her mother lay dying of cancer and who subsequently sold his creation to a department store chain. Instead, the Rudolph character and story was developed for commercial purposes by a Montgomery Ward copywriter at the specific request of his employer, and that copywriter then tested the story out on his own daughter during the development process to ensure it would appeal to children. Rudolph came to life in 1939 when the Chicago-based Montgomery Ward company asked one of their copywriters, 34-year-old Robert L. May, to come up with a Christmas story they could give away in booklet form to shoppers as a promotional gimmick — the Montgomery Ward stores had been buying and distributing coloring books to customers at Christmastime every year, and May's department head saw creating a giveaway booklet of their own as a way to save money. Robert May, who had a penchant for writing children's stories and limericks, was tapped to create the booklet. May, drawing in part on the tale of The Ugly Duckling and his own background (he was often taunted as a child for being shy, small, and slight), settled on the idea of an underdog ostracized by the reindeer community because of his physical abnormality: a glowing red nose. Looking for an alliterative name, May considered and rejected Rollo (too cheerful and carefree a name for the story of a misfit) and Reginald (too British) before deciding on Rudolph. He then proceeded to write Rudolph's story in verse as a series of rhyming couplets, testing it out on his 4-year-old daughter, Barbara, as he went along. Although Barbara was thrilled with Rudolph's story, May's boss was worried that a story featuring a red nose — an image associated with drinking and drunkards — was unsuitable for a Christmas tale. May responded by taking Denver Gillen, a friend from Montgomery Ward's art department, to the Lincoln Park Zoo to sketch some deer. Gillen's illustrations of a red-nosed reindeer overcame the hesitancy of May's superiors, and the Rudolph story was approved. Montgomery Ward distributed 2.4 million copies of the Rudolph booklet in 1939, and although wartime paper shortages curtailed printing for the next several years, a total of 6 million copies had been distributed by the end of 1946. The post-war demand for licensing the Rudolph character was tremendous, but since May had created the story on a "work made for hire" basis as an employee of Montgomery Ward, that company held the copyright to Rudolph, and May received no royalties for his creation. Deeply in debt from the medical bills resulting from his wife's terminal illness (she died about the time May created Rudolph), May persuaded Montgomery Ward's corporate president, Sewell Avery, to turn the copyright over to him in January 1947, and with the rights to his creation in hand, May's financial security was assured. (Unlike Santa Claus and other familiar Christmas figures of the time, the Rudolph character was a protected trademark that required licensing and the payment of royalties for commercial use.) "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" was reprinted commercially beginning in 1947 and shown in theaters as a nine-minute cartoon the following year, but the Rudolph phenomenon really took off when May's brother-in-law, songwriter Johnny Marks, developed the lyrics and melody for a Rudolph song. Marks' musical version of "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (turned down by many in the music industry who didn't want to meddle with the established Santa legend) was recorded by cowboy crooner Gene Autry in 1949, sold two million copies that year, and went on to become one of the best-selling songs of all time (second only to "White Christmas"). A stop-action television special about Rudolph produced by Rankin/Bass and narrated by Burl Ives was first aired in 1964 and remains a popular perennial holiday favorite in the U.S. May quit his copywriting job in 1951 and spent seven years managing the Rudolph franchise his creation had spawned before returning to Montgomery Ward, where he worked until his retirement in 1971. May died in 1976, comfortable in the life his reindeer creation had provided for him. The story of Rudolph is primarily known to us through the lyrics of Johnny Marks' song (which provides only the barest outlines of Rudolph's story) and the 1964 television special. The story Robert May wrote is substantially different from both of them in a number of ways. Rudolph was neither one of Santa's reindeer nor the offspring of one of Santa's reindeer, and he did not live at the North Pole. Rudolph dwelled in an "ordinary" reindeer village elsewhere, and although he was taunted and laughed at for having a shiny red nose, he was not regarded by his parents as a shameful embarrassment; Rudolph was brought up in a loving household and was a responsible reindeer with a good self-image and sense of worth. Moreover, Rudolph also did not rise to fame when Santa picked him out from a reindeer herd because of his shiny nose; instead, Santa discovered the red-nosed reindeer quite by accident, when he noticed the glow emanating from Rudolph's room while he was delivering presents to Rudolph's house. Worried that the thickening fog that night (already the cause of several accidents and delays) would keep him from completing his Christmas Eve rounds, Santa tapped Rudolph to lead his team, which the young reindeer agreed to do, after first stopping to complete one last task: leaving behind a note for his mother and father. As Ronald Lankford noted in his cultural history of American Christmas songs, Rudolph's story was a classic reflection of American values during the 1940s and beyond: Much like the modern Santa Claus song, Rudolph's story is for children; more specifically, it is a children's story about overcoming adversity and earning, by personal effort, respect in the adult world. As a young deer (child) with a handicap that turns out to be an unrecognized asset, Rudolph comes to the rescue of an adult (Santa) at the last minute (on Christmas Eve). When Rudolph saves the day, he gains respect from both his peers (the reindeer who refused to include him in games) and the adult world. The story of Rudolph, then, is the fantasy story made to order for American children: each child has the need to express and receive approval for his or her individuality and/or special qualities. Rudolph's story embodies the American Dream for the child, written large because of the cultural significance of Christmas. Originally published: 16 December 2013 Thank you for writing to us! Although we receive hundreds of e-mails every day, we really and truly read them all, and your comments, suggestions, and questions are most welcome. Unfortunately, we can manage to answer only a small fraction of our incoming mail. Our site covers many of the items currently being plopped into inboxes everywhere, so if you were writing to ask us about something you just received, our search engine can probably help you find the very article you want. Choose a few key words from the item you're looking for and click here to go to the search engine. (Searching on whole phrases will often fail to produce matches because the text of many items is quite variable, so picking out one or two key words is the best strategy.) 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Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer

Who authored the 1823 immortal poem, "A Visit from St. Nicholas"?

Montgomery Ward - First thoughts about Montgomery Ward Montgomery Ward is the name of two historically distinct American retail enterprises. It can refer either to the defunct mail order and department store retailer which operated between 1872 and 2001, or to the original name of the online retailer Wards. Write here your first thoughts about Montgomery Ward ... 16 Jan 2017     02:48 ✨ NEW on ETSY ✨. Vintage 1970's Suede + Knit Cardigan with Suede Panels. by Montgomery Ward. Size:… 15 Jan 2017     22:35 Those not looking long term (Sears, Montgomery Ward, etc.) will suffer for their shortsightedness. Capitalism is good that way. 15 Jan 2017     17:29 US troops carry Sewell Avery, Montgomery Ward president, from his office after he refuses to negotiate with unions & end… 15 Jan 2017     13:40 Trump knows about civil rights. He was in a Montgomery Ward in March while talking about "Selma" Hayek. 15 Jan 2017     05:01 Everyone is all like "remember the memories of and I'm still here reminiscing about Montgomery Ward's... 15 Jan 2017     04:17 paging through a Sears, Penny's, or Montgomery Ward's catalog & circling the things I was hopeful to get for Christmas. 14 Jan 2017     23:44 Andy Kennedy needs to take that blazer back to Montgomery Ward 14 Jan 2017     17:44 1900 section drawing of Montgomery Ward and Co's 'beehive' in Chicago with the tallest tower in the city 14 Jan 2017     13:35 Whoever has not experienced the pleasure of taking a young la... 14 Jan 2017     04:16 Photos: Panorama City , Montgomery Ward and Towers to become mixed-use development via 13 Jan 2017     16:48 Baseball cannot be learned as a trade. It begins with the spo... 30 Dec 2016     04:15 1962 Sea King 3 Montgomery Ward rebuild Part 5 prop shaft re-grease and ... 22 Dec 2016     03:03 Fun Fact , Rudolph was created for Montgomery Ward department stores 22 Dec 2016     00:49 Fun Fact : Rudolph was originally created for a coloring book to be given away at Montgomery Ward 21 Dec 2016     22:26 there are still some pretty decent sized catalogs people get they just aren't sears or Montgomery Ward anymore 21 Dec 2016     21:24 Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer was a marketing device created by department store Montgomery Ward to sell coloring books to kids 21 Dec 2016     18:50 Here’s a nice view of a Montgomery Ward store, all decked out for the holidays in 1965. This Wards store is just... 21 Dec 2016     06:04 oops, I forgot to say lol it's a 1984 Montgomery Ward Christmas catalog. 20 Dec 2016     21:14 Rudolph was actually conceived by a department store, Montgomery Ward, as a marketing gimmick to get kids to buy *** �� 20 Dec 2016     20:35 Montgomery Ward gave the rights back to the author; as a result, rights to the MWard books and rights to the poem are... 20 Dec 2016     20:25 Memory says there was a licensing deal since Rudolph was created for Montgomery Ward stores, they own the underlying rights. 20 Dec 2016     19:00 In the field of outdoor sports, the American boy is easily ... 20 Dec 2016     17:32 And Montgomery Ward hasn't existed in years, so they would be used canoes! 20 Dec 2016     17:17 Iran could come out with 24 armed flat bottomed aluminum canoes from Montgomery Ward. Defense lobby would call it an "existential threat." 20 Dec 2016     14:54 Talk about True story: Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer was originally by Montgomery Ward.… 20 Dec 2016     14:32 Who remembers them Montgomery Ward days, when you get a catalog thick as ish full of Christmas toys and clothing... 20 Dec 2016     12:48 I liked a video Getting an Old Montgomery Ward Lawn Mower Running 20 Dec 2016     10:46 So neat watching my childhood come alive. Although, I've never went to Montgomery Ward or had one of their... 20 Dec 2016     04:04 I don't blame you. It was probably next to a Montgomery Ward. 20 Dec 2016     01:48 Superhero and watches in the 1978 Montgomery Ward Christmas Catalog. 19 Dec 2016     22:47 And remember kids...Rudolph was created as a marketing tool by Montgomery Ward department stores! 19 Dec 2016     21:24 "The Most Famous Reindeer of All" was by Montgomery Ward?! Well, coloring books ARE popular again. 19 Dec 2016     14:58 US department store Montgomery Ward published in 1939. But this beloved story also has an… 19 Dec 2016     14:29 Rudolph" was actually created by Montgomery Ward in the late 1930's for a holiday promotion. The rest is history 19 Dec 2016     14:26 No service on Thurman, all buses go to Montgomery Park or Yeon. No service to stops on Yeon Frontage Rd. No service on Ward... 19 Dec 2016     14:04 Which Christmas character was created for Montgomery Ward coloring book? 15 Dec 2016     22:37 A fantastic night view of Chris-Town Mall, all decked out for Christmas. That is one inviting Montgomery Ward... 21 Nov 2016     14:55 Skeletal remains found in neighborhood near George Ward Park 21 Nov 2016     05:39 When you told everybody your from 3rd ward come to find out you from Montgomery 19 Nov 2016     18:21 what are your thoughts on David Montgomery and Da'Leon Ward today? 19 Nov 2016     15:52 Nice. I looked for a pic of the dancing Santa from the Montgomery Ward commercial few yrs back. I think I prefer him. 18 Nov 2016     18:42 EIN: 01-1181094 ROMANS, better call Christine ROMANS MASSEY'S, MONTGOMERY WARD look up foundation and mob bosses 18 Nov 2016     18:09 credit Montgomery Ward:$400.00 12/16 EZ: 1064 8120 1279 bill me later should be paid with foundations I told companies so why 18 Nov 2016     16:11 I got a Montgomery Ward Christmas Catalog. At work. None of us even knew they were still in business. 18 Nov 2016     13:09 HARD COVER 1972 Montgomery Ward Spring and Summer Catalog - - Add your ads on:… 18 Nov 2016     00:13 These stickers are on my house doors. You can still barely read that the shelter for the ar… 27 Sep 2016     18:42 "Montgomery Ward sent me a bathtub and a crosscut saw!" 27 Sep 2016     14:46 Theres the montgomery ward lounge its next to the girls bathroom on the second floor of SCE right across from the MSA lounge. 26 Sep 2016     12:11 Artomatic Baltimore November 4th-December 10th 6 weekends of Visual and Performing Arts! Artists registration is... 25 Sep 2016     18:08 Wonderful plaid and other patterned short sleeve day dresses from Montgomery Ward, 1956. 25 Sep 2016     17:09 I can totally help with my trusty 1960's Montgomery Ward sewing machine! 25 Sep 2016     15:04 In need of sturdy boots. Turning to a random page in my Montgomery Ward catalog and shopping from 25 Sep 2016     10:39 Montgomery Ward catalog - Fall/Winter 1968. I need something like this. I love the vintage. 25 Sep 2016     01:16 [ Thanks! He's quite the Mego rarity. He was made for Montgomery Ward's holiday catalog, to battle the Bionic Man! ] 24 Sep 2016     08:34 Artomatica free indoor arts festival, is coming to the historic Montgomery Ward Warehouse. 24 Sep 2016     04:04 Simmons 16 yard touchdown to Jaelen Ward. Rancho 42 Montgomery 21. 24 seconds left in first half 23 Sep 2016     21:41 Free indoor art festival Artomatic coming to Montgomery Ward Warehouse in South Baltimore 23 Sep 2016     21:25 The historic Montgomery Ward Warehouse in South Baltimore will host a free indoor art festival this November. 17 Aug 2016     14:51 have you thought about getting into the Montgomery Ward building in Panorama City ? I bet the new developer would let you in.. 18 Jul 2016     16:43 .athletes Kahmari Montgomery and JaMari Ward will compete in the World Junior Championships: 17 Jul 2016     23:31 They wouldn't know a hate crime if it tapped its foot in a Montgomery Ward men's restroom & solicited a *** 😖 17 Jul 2016     21:58 Thinking about my love for & led me here. Note where grandpa worked. 17 Jul 2016     19:30 Agree. What about doctors ward rounds? Recently been an IP and could hear everyone's issues. Was awful! 17 Jul 2016     04:50 which Montgomery ward did you work at? I worked at St. Charles store 17 Jul 2016     02:46 Oh yeah, how can I forget Montgomery Ward? I actually worked there for two years. And Eagle Country Market. Worked there one summer. 16 Jul 2016     19:02 Inflatable Crinolines featured in the Montgomery Ward catalog! 1950s 16 Jul 2016     17:03 The top floor of the Montgomery Ward building is going to make a beautiful spot for Artomatic… 16 Jul 2016     14:05 About to walk through the old Montgomery Ward distro center with to scope the space for Artomatic Baltimore. 16 Jul 2016     07:25 did you ever see our Montgomery Ward stove? 04 Jun 2016     03:03 This great made by Montgomery Ward sale today Ridge Road just East of https… 25 May 2016     04:43 WAYBACK WEDNESDAY: Montgomery Ward closure was end of an era – San Angelo Standard Times… 25 Apr 2016     00:30 Consider that Montgomery Ward has been gone for about 15 years. 04 Feb 2016     23:04 Big thanks to Todd Gee and Michael Burton who impersonated Daniel Burnham and A. Montgomery Ward today at our... 21 Dec 2015     10:23 not really cuz I have Montgomery Ward TV radio that needs Ds but I have plug 😂😂😂 21 Dec 2015     04:01 Coming up shortly, Montgomery Gentry, Taylor Swift & Ward Thomas. Listen at 21 Dec 2015     00:31 Rudolph the red nosed reindeer was created by a department store -- Montgomery Ward. All for MARKETING purposes. 20 Dec 2015     02:44 Hillary reminds me of a throwback Montgomery Ward mannequin 19 Dec 2015     23:15 was created as a promotional vehicle for Montgomery Ward department stores in 1939. Who said Christmas wasn't commercial? 19 Dec 2015     23:02 "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" is literally capitalist propaganda - it was written as advertising for Montgomery Ward department stores. 19 Dec 2015     22:16 Walmart is like any other pc dimwitted corp. One day they are going to get theirs. Just like congress. Remember Montgomery Ward! NO! 19 Dec 2015     21:50 he was just a coloring book character for Montgomery Ward. (That's right. I went 😉) 19 Dec 2015     21:21 Had no idea the song was written in 1949, and the story was written in 1939 for Montgomery Ward. 19 Dec 2015     03:32 I miss the old store "Montgomery Ward" We always found the best furniture deals there and it was usually pretty good quality. 18 Dec 2015     22:58 Dorothy M. “Dottie” Martin: She later worked for Montgomery Ward, taught sewing at Singer Sewing Machine and w... 18 Dec 2015     22:49 Friday’s Fact: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer first appeared in a 1939 children’s Christmas storybook by Robert L. May for Montgomery Ward. 02 Dec 2015     13:00 I don't want to say the fridge in the break room is old, but it's from Montgomery Ward. 30 Nov 2015     05:56 Montgomery Ward - 1872 - he makes the first mail-order catalog - people don't have to make there own clothes 13 Aug 2015     22:12 Set of 12 Cam Wheels for Fancy Sewing Machine stitching Montgomery Ward machine 05 Aug 2015     09:39 I regard myself as a seriously handsome chap. I'm sorry if I appear as a 30% Montgomery Ward sale. I will do better. 04 Aug 2015     16:56 When the transportation infrastructure was in place, became home to mail-order retailers Montgomery Ward & Sears, Roebuck & Co. 04 Aug 2015     15:46 We love the advertisements along the construction site of the Montgomery Ward building at Douglas and Topeka in... 04 Aug 2015     00:25 He can go out2Rolla,MO& get a job at Montgomery Ward or something w/no problem. 03 Aug 2015     19:43 J. Montgomery Mosher and the first psychiatric ward in a general hospital 03 Aug 2015     14:40 ::looks inside::. I see someone put me on the Montgomery Ward mailing list. 03 Aug 2015     01:19 Anyone remember Montgomery Ward?? MBC has mismatched plates and I got a monkey ward! @ Mission… 02 Aug 2015     14:30 I'm the coolest kid in the park... @ Montgomery Ward Park 22 Jul 2015     18:51 From way back in 1925 - a advertisement for Montgomery Ward & Company. . 02 Jul 2015     03:25 AL State Sen. Cam Ward arrested on DUI charge - Montgomery Alabama news. 02 Jul 2015     03:00 Montgomery Ward no 204 Wooden Washing Tub Holder & Wringer - Full read by eBay 02 Jul 2015     00:33 Well, it's a really bad budget year and his signature legislation is riding on the nitwits in Montgomery getting... 01 Jul 2015     20:04 Vintage "Style House" by Montgomery Ward fitted queen sheet and two standard pillowcases in funky… 01 Jul 2015     19:54 Montgomery Ward has the best selection in militia groups and barbed wire fences 01 Jul 2015     03:53 I think it's some kid that used to work for Montgomery Ward. 01 Jul 2015     03:22 Photoset: jojothemodern: totallyrecalled: Pac-Man in 1982 Montgomery Ward Christmas Catalog One more I will... 30 Jun 2015     19:06 they're just because Montgomery Ward wanted me to 30 Jun 2015     18:34 Vintage Montgomery Ward sewing machine model no. UHT J1265 08 Jun 2015     14:12 1895 Montgomery Ward & Co for all the Spring and Summer Styles. 07 Jun 2015     18:43 sneaking away from my mom & sister in Montgomery Ward to play Terminator 2...got in a lot of trouble for that one. 06 Jun 2015     21:59 1925 vintage ad for Montgomery Ward Catalogue -111811 06 Jun 2015     14:50 Found an old 1978 Montgomery Ward catalog at an estate sale. 06 Jun 2015     11:02 Dec 28 2000- U.S. retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years 05 Jun 2015     14:59 The Spirit of Progress, atop the Montgomery Ward administration offices. From the architectural boat… 05 Jun 2015     14:24 The massive Prairie-Style headquarters of Montgomery Ward. From the architectural boat tour of Chicago. 24 Apr 2015     13:01 As one who has a Montgomery Ward mower I bought for $25, I can respect mower game. 24 Apr 2015     04:36 John Montgomery ward`s in 1880 the only one thrown by a Pennsylvania native 24 Apr 2015     01:01 Was TThibs at a first communion before game?; tonite's wardrobe is right out of old Montgomery Ward catalogue. 24 Apr 2015     00:18 Cook Book from Montgomery Ward on the Art of Good LINK:. 23 Apr 2015     21:34 Stamped Hercules Montgomery Ward on left side of action and 1929 Model on barrel? 23 Apr 2015     03:53 Wonder Washer. Wonder Washerby Montgomery Ward. (Visit the Hot New Releases in Appliances list for authoritativ… 23 Apr 2015     02:20 This steel-and-iron Royal Windsor, manufactured on behalf of Montgomery Ward, sold for around $80 in 01 Mar 2015     04:31 Somewhere, there is a small town where all old businesses still thrive. Montgomery Ward, Woolworth's.. 28 Feb 2015     00:57 In Nov. 1936 Consumer Union Reports reviewed this Montgomery Ward toaster and said it's "generally and... 27 Feb 2015     17:31 try the Montgomery Ward at butler mall 27 Feb 2015     13:29 Jon Montgomery worth the early start good pick 27 Feb 2015     13:27 Olympic gold medalist Jon Montgomery is waking up the crowd at 27 Feb 2015     03:34 Great. When I was w/ Montgomery Ward one dept did YMCA event for over 20 yrs. Raised nearly $1mil /year toward end. 27 Feb 2015     00:57 Thugged out loioney toon Ts used to be sold at Montgomery Ward! Lol y'all too young to remember that though 26 Feb 2015     21:39 Do you recognize this man? He's wanted for questioning in an alleged sex assault: http:/… 26 Feb 2015     20:40 I'm Dan Bassill. From '75 to 2000 I led a vol-based tutor/mentor program hosted at the corporate HQ of Montgomery Ward in Chi. 26 Feb 2015     19:22 Wow! I just won this for free, Vintage Mini Montgomery Ward Catalog 1875 26 Feb 2015     18:28 to 102 W Randolph! . This spot started off as Garfield Exchange Bank Building, turned into Montgomery Ward &... 26 Feb 2015     16:56 1956-57 Fall/Winter Montgomery Ward catalog I used to make paper doll families from this catalog. 26 Feb 2015     13:08 My grandfather sold TVs & speakers for 15 years at Montgomery Ward - was proud of his retirement watch. 26 Feb 2015     02:32 New Montgomery Ward receiver with Camden Yards on top 26 Feb 2015     00:12 After Kanye dropped out of college, he worked as a telemarketer and sold insurance to Montgomery Ward credit card holders. 12 Feb 2015     05:48 Permanent Press Men's Shirt ~ Montgomery Ward from breezybluewillow on Ruby Lane http:… 07 Feb 2015     19:14 You have sorely misjudged me, Montgomery Ward. 07 Feb 2015     04:19 It was only a couple years ago that we had to replace the 30yo Montgomery Ward microwave. 06 Feb 2015     23:11 Got the weirdest thing in the mail this week. Yes, that's a Montgomery Ward catalog. 06 Feb 2015     21:28 East Ward Town Hall Meeting on Thursday, Feb. 12, at 6 p.m. 06 Feb 2015     20:32 Stephen Somerstein on the Road from to Montgomery: 06 Feb 2015     16:23 The Montgomery Ward catalog is out! (Yes, you read that right, MONTGOMERY WARD is alive again) And for… 06 Feb 2015     15:19 See Freedom Journey 1965: Photographs of the to Montgomery March during pay-as-you-wish hours tonight (6-8): 06 Feb 2015     05:32 There was a Montgomery Ward catalog in the mail today, talk about a throwback... 06 Feb 2015     04:30 I got a large TV at Montgomery Ward's for $80. And the thing never died. I finally gave it away to get a flat screen. 06 Feb 2015     04:26 I feel like a Radio Shack's liquidation sale will be some rubbish. Best liquidation sales ever: Jacobson's & Montgomery Ward's 06 Feb 2015     01:54 Who knew there was still a Montgomery Ward lol 06 Feb 2015     00:50 Kmart and RadioShack are as useless now as Montgomery Ward and Woolworth were in the 1980s and 1990s. 06 Feb 2015     00:47 Someone should tell JCPenney that Montgomery Ward is looking for pinochle partner in the senior lounge; but lights go out at 7 pm. 05 Feb 2015     23:18 Common sense says to keep employees happy and that will do anything for you. Walmart will be Montgomery Ward soon 05 Feb 2015     22:46 my grandmother always took me to Montgomery ward. Glad she passed before their fall. She wouldn't know what to do. 05 Feb 2015     22:45 Just as my parents tell me about 5 & Dime and Montgomery Ward. I will tell my son about Circuit City and RadioShack. 05 Feb 2015     21:26 FLASHBACK ATTACK! Just reached into my mailbox and pulled out a MONTGOMERY WARD CATALOG! Check your calendars every one, is it 1872 again? 05 Feb 2015     14:49 John Montgomery Ward: Former Nittany Lion and MLB Hall of Famer. Also credited for creating the curveball. 05 Feb 2015     05:33 I am so excited! I got my Montgomery Ward catalog today! Said my grandmother in 1950. Who knew these… 04 Feb 2015     23:08 1978 Electric dreams from Montgomery Ward catalog - Tudor 04 Feb 2015     21:53 Wow I didn't know Montgomery Ward was still around. This catalog came in the mail for a former… 04 Feb 2015     14:40 News Radio, brought to you by Montgomery Ward 21 Dec 2014     15:10 Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer was created in 1939 to lure shoppers into the Montgomery Ward department store! 14 Dec 2014     01:24 WOW I Never Knew this! The True Story of Rudolph A man named Bob May, depressed and brokenhearted, stared out his drafty apartment window into the chilling December night. His 4-year-old daughter Barbara sat on his lap quietly sobbing. Bob's wife, Evelyn, was dying of cancer. Little Barbara couldn't understand why her mommy could never come home. Barbara looked up into her dad's eyes and asked, "Why isn't Mommy just like everybody else's Mommy?" Bob's jaw tightened and his eyes welled with tears. Her question brought waves of grief, but also of anger. It had been the story of Bob's life. Life always had to be different for Bob. Small when he was a kid, Bob was often bullied by other boys. He was too little at the time to compete in sports. He was often called names he'd rather not remember. From childhood, Bob was different and never seemed to fit in. Bob did complete college, married his loving wife and was grateful to get his job as a copywriter at Montgomery Ward during the Great Depression . Then he wa ... 13 Dec 2014     18:55 Rajie / Roger Cook, (b 1930) an internationally known graphic designer, photographer and artist. He has been the President of Cook and Shanosky Associates, Inc., a graphic design firm he founded in 1967. The firm produced all forms of corporate communications including: Corporate Identity, Advertising, Signage, Annual Reports and Brochures. His graphic design and photography have been used by IBM, Container Corporation of America, Montgomery Ward, Squibb Corporation, Black & Decker, Volvo, Subaru, AT&T, New York Times, Bell Atlantic, BASF, Lenox, and a number of other major international corporations. He received the Presidential Award for Design Excellence from President Reagan and Elizabeth Dole on January 30,1984 in the Indian Treaty Room of the Old Executive Office Building in Washington, DC. Juries under the auspices of the National Endowments chose the thirteen winners of the Federal Design Achievement Awards for the Arts. In 2003, “Symbols Signs” a project designed by his firm for the US Depart ... 02 Dec 2014     10:30 DECEMBER 2 1949, GENE AUTRY'S "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer" hit the record charts. The "red-nosed reindeer" concept came from a 1939 Montgomery Ward ad campaign. 1961 - Cuban leader Fidel Castro declared in a nationally broadcast speech that he was a Marxist-Leninist and that he was going to lead Cuba to communism. 1982, a surgical team at the University of Utah Medical Center performed the first ARTIFICIAL HEART IMPLANT. The patient, 61-year-old Dr. Barney Clark, lived for 112 days with his new fake heart. The artificial heart was invented by a VENTRILOQUIST . . . the late Paul Winchell. 1998 - Microsoft Corp. chairman Bill Gates donated $100 million to help immunize children in developing countries. 10 Nov 2014     02:23 I remember as a kid getting excited for JcPenney, Sears, and Montgomery Ward's Christmas Catalogs in the mail and circling the things I had hoped Santa Claus would bring. 16 Oct 2014     14:41 Chicago Firsts Throughout their city’s history, Chicagoans have demonstrated their ingenuity in matters large and small: The nation’s first skyscraper, the 10-story, steel-framed Home Insurance Building, was built in 1884 at LaSalle and Adams streets and demolished in 1931. When residents were threatened by waterborne illnesses from sewage flowing into Lake Michigan, they reversed the Chicago River in 1900 to make it flow toward the Mississippi. Start of the "Historic Route 66" which begins at Grant Park on Adams Street in the front of the Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago was the birthplace of: the refrigerated rail car (Swift) mail-order retailing (Sears and Montgomery Ward) the car radio (Motorola) the TV remote control (Zenith) The first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction, ushering in the Atomic Age, took place at the University of Chicago in 1942. The spot is marked by a Henry Moore sculpture on Ellis Avenue between 56th and 57th streets. The 1,450-foot Sears Tower, completed in 1974, is the ... 07 Oct 2014     00:52 I honestly have no idea, probably came from Montgomery Ward 10 Sep 2014     23:36 "Where'd you get your degree, Montgomery Ward?". Quote of the day 😂 10 Sep 2014     19:20 Always wanted to spend time with Montgomery ward... 09 Sep 2014     22:22 The is at Montgomery Ward Park! Stop by for a delicious frozen treat! Blood orange and original today! 09 Sep 2014     02:45 Montgomery Ward . Old School jams on your radio! Hot 100.9 09 Sep 2014     02:36 Washing machines make the bass drop, inside of a Montgomery Ward! 08 Sep 2014     22:05 Sears isn't funny, and besides, you bought tools at Sears and clothes from Montgomery Ward. How much did she pay for her hat? 08 Sep 2014     21:51 A sophisticated look, & no price tag.Is it true she would leave the Montgomery Ward catalogue open to show what she paid for it? 08 Sep 2014     02:56 This is one of the first affordable quartz. Bought it in 1978 at Montgomery Ward for $70. 12 Aug 2014     20:58 MUSIC HISTORY 101 AUGUST 12, 1927 - Born on this day, in West Plains, Missouri: Grammy winning gospel and country music singer/musician PORTER WAGONER (d. October 28, 2007) Well-known for hosting his own "The Porter Wagoner Show" where he became an icon with his flashy Nudie and Manuel suits and blond pompadour, he introduced a then little known Dolly Parton on his long-running television show in 1967. Also known as "Mr. Grand Ole Opry", Wagoner charted 81 singles from 1954–1983. He was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2002. As a child, he sold the pelts of rabbits he trapped to scrape together the $8 he needed to buy his first guitar, a National, from Montgomery Ward and spent hours pretending that the stump of a felled oak tree was the Opry stage and that he was introducing country stars, quitting school in the seventh grade to pursue his dream. His first band, The Blue Ridge Boys, performed on radio station KWPM-AM from a butcher shop in his native West Plains, Missouri where Wagoner cut ... 19 Jul 2014     16:21 I'm so st. Paul I remember Montgomery Wards ... 19 Jul 2014     16:12 Loved this placed had nicest people there. Michelle was the best. I found key ring from Montgomery Wards want to give to her and the place is closed. 19 Jul 2014     16:06 I'm so Naptown when I was a child my fav stores were Montgomery Ward, Ventures, & Cubs 19 Jul 2014     16:04 I'm so Chicago, I remember staying in the house watching the TV my momma bought at Montgomery Ward while drowning out the noise of them *** parakeets she bought at Woolworths, all while she was out at Venture or Goldblatts shopping for my school clothes... ...still mad that Funtown closed 19 Jul 2014     15:54 Okay told ya I'd be back just had to think ,, then I'm done : I am so Chicago that I remember when Montgomery Wards was on State and Adams St,, downtown Chicago,when there was no Jewels, Food for Less, Aldi, Ultra,,,we had National Food on 63rd st.and Wiebolts on 63rd where you redeemed all them green stamps we licked ...im out telling my age lol 😄😄 19 Jul 2014     15:49 I'm so Chi...I remember buying furniture from Montgomery Ward's in Evergreen Plaza. 19 Jul 2014     15:48 I'm so Clarksville we used to shop at Montgomery Ward. 19 Jul 2014     15:46 I'm so Chicago. I remember Ventures on 95th, Silo on 87th and Montgomery Wards . 19 Jul 2014     15:24 that I took the 95E to 95th and the Dan Ryan and caught the 95W to shop at Coda, Chess King, Jeans West and Roberto's, saw the North Pole exhibit every Christmas, rent my tuxes for all three proms from Gingiss, saw Breakin, Breakin 2 and Krush Groove and whatever else was at the show on Easter (in my Montgomery Ward Easter suit, yes, also bought) at The Plaza (YES EVERBLACK) !!! 19 Jul 2014     15:23 Anyone need a 5.2 cubic foot chest freezer? This a Montgomery Ward almost as old as me and has the battle scars to prove it. It works great and the interior is clean. Jo and I got it from my parents for free, then my grandpa gave us a larger unit, so here it is, offered for the same price we paid. Otherwise we post it on Craigslist. 18 Jul 2014     21:57 next week will be the Montgomery Ward catalog. 18 Jul 2014     21:55 The Taste of River North is tonight! Enjoy great food, music and crafts from 5-10 at A. Montgomery Ward Park! 18 Jul 2014     21:51 " I just told him I'd put his name on the Montgomery Ward mailing list. " 18 Jul 2014     20:58 Im so St.Paul that Montgomery Ward use to be in the midway 18 Jul 2014     13:41 Montgomery Ward tractor at will county steam show, this weekend at Round Barn Farm 18 Jul 2014     13:16 Let's go to Montgomery Ward's, you guys. 18 Jul 2014     02:09 80 ism died at about the time Montgomery Ward was becoming.. This explains you. 17 Jul 2014     23:00 I recall when one could buy guns mail-order from Sears Roebuck and Montgomery Ward. 17 Jul 2014     21:59 Sale Vintage teacup and saucer set of 2 teal Montgomery Ward Color Connection pair 20 Jun 2014     13:17 Does anyone know anything about a Montgomery ward thirty two? Looks to be in really nice shape from the photo. Where can I find information on this little guy?? 20 Jun 2014     12:20 The title character in this film was originally created as part of a publicity campaign for Montgomery Ward in 1939 - 20 Jun 2014     10:38 This is a shot of my daily driver. Its a 60's vintage Montgomery Wards (Japanese) machine. I got it at the dump. Brought it home,serviced it and she runs like a Deere. I built my station out of a drafting table, (also free) and modeled it after the workstations I had back in the day. This also has a tilt top so you can bring the head close for small jobs. I also designed it so you are centered behind the needle. 20 Jun 2014     10:32 I remember the Candy House that MW had at Christmas time. My mom would put it all together and put it under the tree like Santa had delivered it. The candy house was made up of a variety of little candies like peppermints and licorice. The house itself was made of a really lightweight white cardboard. I wish I could still buy those. The gingerbread houses are just not the same. This candy house made our Christmas :) 20 Jun 2014     08:30 Montgomery Ward Catalog "Home on the Range" guitar. Manufacture date: November 8, 1938. 20 Jun 2014     04:18 Washer Montgomery Wards Delicate Reg Perm Press and Prewash Cycles Works Great $100.00 GE Heavy Duty Automatic Gas Dryer $75.00 Normal Low Knit and No heat Settings Dryer belt makes noise but works awesome Both work awesome I am moving and they come with my rental so I am trying to make it so I don't have to move them to new place free 36" tv to good home telegraph and Alexis 20 Jun 2014     00:00 Montgomery ward 16 cu.ft . Stand up freezer $45 19 Jun 2014     23:19 It's in there and I can take it out? Amazing. Ordering a computer from the Montgomery Ward catalogue right now! 19 Jun 2014     22:53 Bought this Montgomery Ward lantern several months ago. I am having trouble removing the burner. Anyone have tips on how to remove the burner without damaging the lantern? 19 Jun 2014     19:53 Bennigans next to Montgomery Wards , next to Circuit City.Thursday Nights was amazing. 19 Jun 2014     18:25 Just hooked up my elderly neighbor's for him. Montgomery Ward television. 19 Jun 2014     16:44 FOR SALE: Standard Churn Co 8 Qt Butter Churn with Tulip Red Handles. Beautiful SCC 8 qt churn with red handles and tulip jar. Mfg around 1947 and sold by Montgomery Ward. Says 'fill to here' on side of jar as well as 8. Gears work smooth and jar lid screws easily. $100 19 Jun 2014     15:32 Futon from Montgomery Wards . Leather arms. Still in boxes, never been used. $400 or best offer 19 Jun 2014     14:04 Couch and loveseat. Older style but in very good shape. Has not been used much at all. Was purchased new at Montgomery ward furniture in Mitchell. It is in our garage, ready to go. Located in piedmont. 19 Jun 2014     12:22 I have these collectible items for sale: American Indiana Filly Guitar $60 Montgomery Ward Sewing Machine complete in box with accessories $125 model # 25 ns-1992 Shaun White Mini Skateboard $25 Norman Rockwell Illustrator $15 Motorola Car Phone in case $25 Mini glass ornaments $25 8 track tapes (list available) Albums (list available) More pictures available All prices OBO, 8 tracks and Albums can be sold as all or individual for best offer Located in North Platte Nebraska 19 Jun 2014     05:14 Montgomery ward portable sewing machine~80$ pickup in Hsv 19 Jun 2014     05:12 Star Wars Toys 1978-xx-xx Montgomery Ward Christmas Catalog P357 Check out the Bootleg Figures at t 19 Jun 2014     03:44 Here are 4 images of the property of the old North-52 Drive-in and Charlestowne Square Mall. (1) is from January 1990, 4 months after Hurricane Hugo. You can see tiles of the movie screen scattered on the ground. (2) is from February 1994. The theater is now a warehouse and offices. (3) is from July 2003. More warehouses were built and the mall is now gone except for the Montgomery Ward section. It's soon to be a Verizon call center. The Regal cinema is also there. (4) is from September 2010. The new City Hall is now in place. 19 Jun 2014     03:13 Please join us July 17 to celebrate my Dad auction style!! Share with your friends. In order to settle the Estate of Tyrone Emerson the following items will be sold at No Reserve to the highest bidder located at: 415 Main Street. maple park, il Ty was a self employed contractor for over 40 years the following items were used in his trades as well as items from his collections throughout the years. Thusday Evening July 17th 2014 5:00 P.M. Trucks * Boat * TOOLS 1978 GMC Kurbmaster work van, AT 139K miles runs and drives used everyday in Ty's business 1986 GMC Sierra K2500 55,147 org. miles! 4 spd, great shape drove to Mexico and back last year, sells with s+s Slide in camper 1978 Glastron Sportster XL tri-hull boat with 70 Johnson outboard motor runs! TOOLS HILTI DX 451 piston drill; HILTI TE72 Hammer Drill; BOSCH Chop Saw 1365 with box; RYOBI R160 Router; DeWalt 10 Chop Saw; Pro tech Table Saw; Ryobi 10" precision table saw; Sawzall; Elect. Tin Snips; Craftsman 15 gal 5.5 hp air compressor; Passlode Impul ... 18 Jun 2014     23:52 Montgomery ward combination safe 16 by 19 broken handle but does not effect anything.everything works 100.00 firm no holds pick up east side muskogee 18 Jun 2014     22:56 East Durham. BELSAW MACHINERY PLANER (made for Montgomery Ward circa 1960's?) Trims/Cuts rough wood to size. 12" planer, motor, all controls and an extra set of knives. This is a specialty tool for woodworking. Must pick up! $675.00 18 Jun 2014     22:37 I'll never forget the time my daughter was 2 years old and hid inside one of these racks at Montgomery Ward to take a dump in her diaper of course and I had the store put on lockdown because I thought she was kidnapped.it was definitely one of scariest times in mine and Carlos life!!!Le'Aundra Luevanos 18 Jun 2014     20:15 It's alive! Thanks, Bill Hiatt, for fixing up my classic, Montgomery Ward snow blower :-) 18 Jun 2014     20:07 Montgomery Ward refrigerator. freezer on top fridge on bottom. works good asking $125 obo can send pic of inside. poos 18 Jun 2014     19:25 HEROES DIARY KATHRYN JOHANNA KUHLMAN (1907-1976) Kathryn Johanna Kuhlman was born on May 9, 1907, in Concordia, Missouri. Her parents were German and she was one of four children. Her mother was a harsh disciplinarian, who showed little love or affection. On the other hand, she had an extremely close and loving relationship with her father. She would describe, as a small child how, her father would come home from work and she would hang on his leg and cling to him. She often said that her relationship with God the Father was extremely real because of her relationship with her own father. Kathryn was converted, when she was 14, at an evangelistic meeting held in a small Methodist church. When she was 16 she graduated from high school, which only went to tenth grade in their town. Her older sister Myrtle had married an itinerant evangelist, Everette B. Parrott. They spent their time travelling and asked that Kathryn could join them for the summer. Her parents agreed and she went to Oregon to help out. She w ... 18 Jun 2014     16:46 Im explain I had to cut my old box spring mattress to build a new frame to keep from falling thru it. the on line Montgomery Wards 18 Jun 2014     15:25 lyndseymarcella is shooting for Montgomery Ward Christmas Catalog today! 18 Jun 2014     15:24 I remember when. .. In the early 60's credit cards were not common but Mom received her first from Montgomery Wards . She went down and bought Dad three new suits. The next morning Dad was getting dressed with his new suit, all while Mom was watching from the bed. She would watch every piece go on, Dad would carefully check each item for perfect fit. Dad tied his neck tie, put on his suit jacket, standing in front of the mirror checking to be sure all looked good. Mom was eyeing Dad from head to toes then told Dad, "you better call your boss, you ARE going to be late " and with a wink of the eye... I remember when. .. 18 Jun 2014     00:09 "Telegram transcripts of this program will be available with 8-10 weeks at Montgomery Ward and other fine retailers." 17 Jun 2014     23:44 New music video from Nate Montgomery. One of my favorite songs of his, check it out! 17 Jun 2014     18:40 Photo: gameraboy: View Master Ad by Drive-In Mike on Flickr. From the 1974 Montgomery Ward Christmas... 17 Jun 2014     16:17 A bank in Grant Park ! Montgomery Ward is turning over in his grave, from 17 Jun 2014     15:33 "Bad guys in Grant Park ," says Bonnie McGrath But, Bonnie, don't the banks ALWAYS win? 17 Jun 2014     15:09 The bad guys are in Grant Park and Montgomery Ward is turning over in his grave 17 Jun 2014     13:10 Check out the Montgomery Ward Priced at $4.25 million, you don't even have to order it through a catalog. 17 Jun 2014     07:42 don't forget to stop at Montgomery Ward's 16 Jun 2014     22:08 Montgomery Ward Plaza literally has everything you need within walking distance. My ideal place to buy a condo and live.😍 16 Jun 2014     13:43 I think Target became too successful and was a threat to places like KMART and JC PENNY and MONTGOMERY WARD. I... 16 Jun 2014     13:13 before u no it, target, sears, radio shack will join Montgomery Ward in the low end store cemetery. 15 Jun 2014     21:37 Montgomery Ward was the first company in the United States to advertise, Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back 08 Jun 2014     15:41 Montgomery Ward and Company Retail Store, Central Ave., St. Petersburg, Florida -- ( if they say so I guess! Before my time. Probably the original location prior to Central Plaza location opened ?) .. 27 May 2014     23:26 Does anyone remember good old Montgomery Ward's in south Sacramento 27 May 2014     21:48 Korvette was located on Gratiot and 12 Mile and was in Roseville for many years. The roots of the company name itself extend to Ferkauf’s Brooklyn boyhood. “E.J.” stands for Eugene (Ferkauf) and Joe Zwillenberg, friend and Korvette employee from the very beginning, and “Korvette” is inspired by the Corvette, a class of World War II warships operated by the Royal Canadian Navy. A popular, and false, story behind the name’s origin soon arises - that E.J. Korvette stands for “Eight Jewish Korean War Veterans.” (Where the myth started remains a mystery, but it endures to this day. Evidence of that turned up in NBC Nightly News’ report on Ferkauf’s passing, where Brian Williams made mention of it and briefly outlined the name’s true origin. Personally, I was just delighted to see the story covered on network news.) By 1953, five years on, Ferkauf has four more stores – on Third Avenue and 42nd Street in NYC, in White Plains, at Rockefeller Center, and in Hempstead, Long Island. These .. ... 27 May 2014     20:01 Some things you might not know about me.my pet peeve -rudeness, no excuse. My first jobs: kiosk at Montgomery Wards in a mall, Sears Roebuck in the customer complaint and repairs department, front desk at full service dry cleaners sub station, a day care worker in charge of 2-3 yr old age group, a snack bar worker in a skating rink, a waitress in a restaurant across from a major university, a waitress on international dr in orlando and a waitress at the busiest cafe on orange ave near the airport (mco), all before the age of 21. I started working when I was 14, my dad did it so I had to do it too. I have him to thank for my great work ethic. Love ya Bobby Buffington! All of those experiences could very well be the reason why so many are still alive today.hehe 27 May 2014     17:29 pachinko commercial for Montgomery Ward - 27 May 2014     17:02 15 ft. Montgomery Ward Chest Freezer. Works great. Pick up in New Ulm. $75. 27 May 2014     16:03 When oh when oh when will be open in Montgomery?!? 27 May 2014     15:09 Montgomery Ward deep freezer Excellent working condition a bit on the older side but still works like brand new has slight dent on tip of the top but does not! effect working condition Model number-FFt808500C Serial -57H01435 Amps-2.5 h.p.-1/6 115v 60 hertz Asking $200 obo cannot upload pics at the moment must come get it off my back porch 27 May 2014     07:35 Challenge yourself to new lifestyle to ward off obesity - Montgomery Advertiser: Challenge yourself to new lif... 27 May 2014     03:44 Going school-clothes shopping at Montgomery Wards ! Monkey wards!!! 27 May 2014     02:49 Was it j c penneys Or was it Montgomery Wards . Or sears? One of the stores use to have a candy department. It was great. Help me out here. 27 May 2014     02:45 Montgomery ward refrigerator. Works great. In process of cleaning it right now. No problems with it at all. $130.00 obo. U pick up or can haul with gas fee 27 May 2014     02:12 Montgomery Ward rototiller. 5 HP motor stopped working while tilling garden this year. Motor not locked up but not sure what's wrong. FREE. Located in Glidden pick up only. 27 May 2014     00:50 For sale Montgomery ward lawn tractor does not run but turns over all attachments and manuals $750.00 OBO 26 May 2014     23:30 If you have visited many cemeteries, you undoubtedly have run across a stump or tree style monument. There were several sources to these stones. From the late 1800's into the early 20th century there were two groups of fraternal benefit societies that sought to protect families and their financial futures in case of the death of the family's breadwinner. One was Modern Woodmen of America (MWA), the other was Woodsmen of the World (WOW). They both offered an early type of insurance plan that included the benefit of a stump or tree type of monument...generally carved from limestone. There were also stones made during the "rustic movement" that sought to maintain a park like atmosphere in cemeteries...thus using naturally occurring tree forms as headstones. Often these were imbued with much symbolism, in the form of doves, ivy, flowers, etc. Other symbols included on WOW and MWA stones were axes, mauls, wedges...any woodworking tool and often a Dove of Peace with an olive branch. They were often inscribed wi ... 26 May 2014     22:43 The only things missing are the Psycho Ward and the Montgomery Ward... 26 May 2014     22:31 Montgomery Ward building in Hanover may welcome new life 26 May 2014     21:17 Just pulled out a receipt my grandma had from 1988 when she bought her charcoal grill at Montgomery Ward. 26 May 2014     16:13 Noah Sanderson please spread the word about me Akeal Alexander Montgomery, Leesa Bafford, Adam Joseph Ward, and a... 26 May 2014     16:11 These were post cards I found behind some wood trim when I remodeled the front room of my house I owned on Stevenson st They are from Montgomery Wards .in 1912 saying that your shipment will be coming in on the Wabash railroad . The second one says sorry your order has been delayed 2 weeks .ha ha .some things never change ..notice the one cent stamp? 26 May 2014     15:12 1959 Montgomery Ward's ad for swimming pools. 26 May 2014     14:11 For sale, located just outside of Galesburg Montgomery Ward riding mower, needs some work. Needs starter and battery. Ignition switch and saftey switches have been bypassed. new starter is 35$ online mower does start and run when borrowing the starter from my other mower. Missing a couple parts for the choke and throttle cable Pretty easy fix just dont care to bother with it. Asking $125obo. 26 May 2014     09:19 curious... Piece of the Pie pizza at Arborland MALL.not arborland strip mall. Back in the Service Merchandise days when I met my first love. Covered, but still with the dolphin. Not going so far back to remember the 'pool' with the "fountain" when the mall was uncovered, where I pushed my older brother in when he was trying to grab the change and my mother game out to find him soaked. he he he, Montgomery Wards ? 26 May 2014     08:29 Del Monte factory in East Oakland across from Montgomery Wards in "Jingle Town" on the 1920"s ..note the all woman crew with bails of tomatoes. 26 May 2014     07:51 Oaklands Del Monte factory in the 20"s ..notice all woman crew with crates of tomatos...was located behind Montgomery Wards in "Jingle Town". 26 May 2014     06:38 Montgomery ward chest freezer... 10.3 cu. Ft. Height 34-11/16 in, width 41 in, depth 23 in. Manual defrost. Works great just to big for us. You pick up. make offer. 26 May 2014     05:22 Out shopping at Goodwill a few weeks ago. Been looking for a baseball glove for a lefty (several months of looking). Still like to play around a little. Got a Doug De Cinces that's seen it's best days, but still serviceable and a Roger Clemens that still has a lot of life left. Go by their sporting good section, where the choices are usually kids stuff, but there is a full size lefty that looks pretty good. Quick look ... hmm ... Stan Musial. Haven't heard from him in a while. Price is right ($6). Done deal. Get back to the crib and start looking at it. Montgomery Ward Hawthorn Award Series. I'm holding a 50+ year old glove that looks and feels brand new. This glove has never been on the field of play. Not a scuff mark one. Never been sweated in until my hand got clammy inside it, I had to teach it what a baseball is; or at least remind it. It's been in a few (very few) games of "catch". The leather is so soft I could hardly believe it. The stitching right at perfect. Like new. The last ... 26 May 2014     04:19 What was your first job in the SFV? I was 16 and was a PBX Operator at Montgomery Wards ! Yes, I was the one that would get on the speaker every night and let you know that the store was closing! There were 2 of us that answered all the calls and transferred them to the appropriate department. And yes...it actually was on of those old ones that you see from the 70's. You actually did "plug them in" to the correct extension! 26 May 2014     01:36 Last one .who remembers buying a fresh pair of corduroy pants from Montgomery Ward??? 13 May 2014     12:09 When I was 12 in '53 we got our first TV. My big sister Janet worked at Montgomery Ward and got an employee discount. Saturday mornings we watched Roy Rogers, Gene Autry, Fury, Sky King (I was in love with Penney), and Wild Bill Elliott, among others. This morning I was surfing channels and came across Roy Rogers. After watching Roy and Dale with Pat and Nellybelle, Trigger and Bullet, I feel better. Happy Trails to you. 29 Apr 2014     00:15 Today in labor history: On the orders of President Roosevelt, the U.S. Army seizes the Chicago headquarters of the unionized Montgomery Ward & Co. after management defies the National Labor Relations Board - 1944 20 Apr 2014     15:07 When it opened, the Stefko Shopping Center was quite a wonder. The earliest of Bethlehem's suburban shopping centers, it still serves the northeast nearly 60 years later. The boulevard was once called Newton Street and it was barely passable as recently as 1950. Real Estate developer John Stefko saw the future in post-war US and led the charge to serve the expanding suburbs. Food Fair was the anchor of his center, and it has of course changed hands. Anyone recall some earlier stores? I'll start it off - The Pin, Mr. Sands, State Store, Montgomery Ward, GC Murphy, Sherwin Williams, First National Bank... 15 Apr 2014     22:31 Here’s your history lesson of the day, and it’s a duzy. Do you all remember the department store chain Montgomery Ward? It was in the same class as JC Penney and Sears, and like Penney’s and Sears had a robust catalog business in the 20th century. The catalog ended in 1985 and the stores closed in 2000. The incident we are going to talk about happened during World War 2, in 1944. When I read this it initially put my jaw on the floor, but when I thought about it for a moment, I realized that it put all of the pieces together regarding Marxist tactics and motivations. In early 1943 employees of Montgomery Ward went on strike in seven cities: Jamaica, New York; Detroit; Chicago; St. Paul; Denver; San Rafael, California and Portland, Oregon. (For the sake of brevity, I will henceforth refer to Montgomery Ward as “Wards”, which is what people casually referred to them as back in the day.) Wards stood their ground and refused to recognize or capitulate to the union thugs in these seven locations. Now ... 14 Apr 2014     00:08 Havin fun with the besties Candace Montgomery Ward & Sam Vestal Bout to fix some chicken casserole! Yum! 🍴😜 13 Apr 2014     23:01 I can now learn to grill the way it was done in 1957! Thanks Montgomery Wards . :-) 13 Apr 2014     21:32 Music & Song ministry. Doc Dominique Ward Ward, new Life Choir, Quentin Williams & Judge Montgomery Jr was on fire today! Great service. 13 Apr 2014     20:52 Comfort is the name of this beauty. An amazing estate robe made by Montgomery Ward, could be used for a great cover up, zips up front. Flower Power at 13 Apr 2014     19:40 Montgomery ward front tine tiller. Upgraded 5hp rotoboss550 engine. Forward and reverse with new belts. Fresh oil and fuel. $225.00 located in washington 13 Apr 2014     17:55 1960 Montgomery Ward sewing machine still works Great !! Make me a reasonable offer and it's yours :) 13 Apr 2014     17:23 As I said, Roosevelt just went right ahead **nationalized** Montgomery Ward--and, yes, called them out, too! 13 Apr 2014     16:15 Montgomery Ward turned into an apartment house. My mother-in-law Edna Kern lived in three different apartments in that building before she moved in with my husband Ron Kern and I. (her son). I used to joke that one of the upstairs apartments was probably the department where I had bought my wedding dress in 1971. (simple blue dress). Anyone have a picture of the huge painting on the side depicting the year Escanaba was founded? 13 Apr 2014     16:10 April 1, 1998 -- A federal judge in Little Rock, Ark., dismissed a sexual harassment case against President Bill Clinton, stating the case had no "genuine issues" worthy of trial. Although President Clinton had denied any wrongdoing, a unanimous ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in May 1997 allowed the case to proceed, thereby establishing a precedent allowing sitting presidents to be sued for personal conduct that allegedly occurred before taking office. April 2, 1792 -- Congress established the first U.S. Mint at Philadelphia. April 4, 1968 -- Civil rights leader Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King was shot and killed by a sniper in Memphis, Tenn. As head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, he had championed nonviolent resistance to end racial oppression and had been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He is best remembered for his "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered at the 1963 Civil Rights March on Washington. That march and King's other efforts helped the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ... 13 Apr 2014     15:31 So if the Santa Fe New Mexican does not run "My View" on Mayor Javier Gonzales proposal to close the Plaza to vehicle traffic - Here is what I wrote. The Plaza is always changing. Kudo’s to our new Mayor Javier Gonzales and the plan to stop motor traffic on the Plaza and help create a more safe and friendly atmosphere. I was surprised at the response from some of the local businesses. I am a lifelong resident of Santa Fe with my family having come up the Camino Rael in 1598. My first “Plaza” job was at First National Bank in 1978, and back then Zook’s, Capital Pharmacy, and Moore’s were still on the Plaza. But even then the Plaza was not the Plaza of my grandparents because their Plaza changed when John Gaw Meem presented his ideals for Pueblo Revival style. Facades were put up to change the look of the Plaza, and thankfully the Catron’s refused and kept their building as it is presently. So what changed? We did. Our town did and we did it progressively. We gained a couple of mini-mall ... 13 Apr 2014     11:32 Up thinking: am I the only one who remembers service merchandise and Montgomery Wards 😳😳😳 13 Apr 2014     05:24 Montgomery Ward upright freezer works great $60 must pick up 13 Apr 2014     03:55 Does anyone remember Woolworth, zodys, Montgomery Wards ,or wonder world? 13 Apr 2014     03:50 Went to Montgomery ward and ordered a hutch! 13 Apr 2014     03:23 Who remembers Wendy Wards modeling classes at Montgomery Wards in Southgate? 12 Apr 2014     23:39 Montgomery Ward on 34th Street or the 5th Avenue Theater or the Rocking Chair Theaters? 12 Apr 2014     22:37 Here is my original 1965 View-Master (in a Montgomery Ward box) and six sets of Disney reels. One set had photos of Tomorrowland dated 1966. I took the last three photos through the View-Master itself so not the best quality. I got the viewer when I was five. 12 Apr 2014     20:45 A Quick History of Bicycles 8. The Kid's Bike Introduced just after the First World War by several manufacturers, such as Mead, Sears Roebuck , and Montgomery Ward, to revitalize the bike industry (Schwinn made its big splash slightly later), these designs, now called "classic", featured automobile and motorcyle elements to appeal to kids who, presumably, would rather have a motor. If ever a bike needed a motor, this was it. These bikes evolved into the most glamorous, fabulous, ostentatious, heavy designs ever. It is unbelievable today that 14-year-old kids could do the tricks that we did on these 65 pound machines! They were built into the middle '50s, by which time they had taken on design elements of jet aircraft and even rockets. By the '60s, they were becoming leaner and simpler. to be continued... 12 Apr 2014     19:08 In 1958, Montgomery Ward was advertising the latest technology in duplicating machines...the mimeograph machine!...Well, Globe High School's business students and those who worked with the Wigwam or the Papoose (GHS student newspaper) certainly took advantage of the latest and the greatest...like Doris Larson, for example. In 1957-58, she was a member of the Wigwam staff...and she certainly had her time at that mimeo machine...posting the Montgomery Ward advertisement of Jan., 1958 and a photo from the Wigwam, 1958...take a look at those 1958 prices!!!...and for those of you from another generation of students, take a look at that mimeograph machine because it's now a thing of the past.but it sure saved a lot of time and work and duplication of paper, paper, paper..click on image to enlarge... 12 Apr 2014     18:54 Yeah. Dumb move. My Marvels would be looking nice right now. I also had some Montgomery Ward.They wouldn't let me have FROM *** 12 Apr 2014     17:59 1985 Montgomery Ward Frostless 15 2014 season opener today. Saga leads off. 12 Apr 2014     17:12 I have a Montgomery Ward chest freezer 23 cu ft with 2 baskets for sale in Bandon. Measures 35 h x 62"w x 27 deep. Has locking feature and will see if I have the key. It is huge and works excellent.(dispite surface blemishes) It is still in use but the house is in escrow so I need to sell it. Asking $200 --- call or msg me asap 347 3100 12 Apr 2014     17:00 WoW... check this out!! We just received a vintage 1941 radio/record player! It came from montgomery ward and it even had all the original paperwork with it... I have not been able to plug it up but the previous owner stated all the lights still work on it when plugged up... 12 Apr 2014     16:31 My mom called the other day - she found this paper mason wrote in college after "interviewing" her! She was able to read it on her magnifying machine. She thought it was so cute - she doesn't remember ever reading it before. Love this: “Hey Old Lady, whatcha got to eat?” This is the start of most conversations I have with my Grandma. “Hey Old Man, what do you want?” she replies. I know she’ll make me anything I ask, and it will fill me to my heart’s content. That’s how Grandma Munson is; she’ll do anything for anyone… especially her favorite grandson! As long as I’ve known her, she has been pouring her heart into meals and sending love home in to-go plates. Granny Munson is all of ‘4”10, and she lives up to every inch. Despite her stature, she holds the world in the palm of her hand. My Granddad called her a woman wrestler and said she could eat the bark off of trees! At 86 years old, she still hasn’t let time catch up with her; she is too busy cooking, going to churc ... 16 Mar 2014     15:51 Watching property brothers this morning and they used the exact same mid-century mod Montgomery Ward dresser we have from Bob’s folks. 28 Feb 2014     17:11 I've heard it called the Montgomery Ward bldng. It'll be a tower connected to the performing arts center 17 Feb 2014     23:12 February 17 1801 - The U.S. House of Representatives broke an electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Jefferson was elected president and Burr became vice president. 1817 - The first gaslit streetlights appeared on the streets of Baltimore, MD. 1865 - Columbia, SC, burned. The Confederates were evacuating and the Union Forces were moving in. 1876 - Julius Wolff was credited with being the first to can sardines. 1878 - In San Francisco, CA, the first large city telephone exchange opened. It had only 18 phones. 1897 - The National Congress of Mothers was organized in Washington, DC, by Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst. It was the forerunner of the National PTA. 1913 - The Armory Show opened at the 69th Regiment Armory in New York City. The full-scale exhibition was of contemporary paintings and was organized by the Association of Painters and Sculptors. 1924 - Swimmer Johnny Weissmuller set a world record in the 100-yard freestyle. He did it with a time of 57-2/5 seconds in Mi ... 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The wickedest man in the world, Dr. Simon Bar Sinister is the man antagonist in what TV cartoon?

Professor Simon Barsinister | Antagonists Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Edit Voiced by Allen Swift, and based on the voice and looks of Lionel Barrymore, Simon appeared to be only two feet tall. Simon's most famous saying was, "Simon says!" His henchman was Cad Lackey, who, though generally dull-witted, was occasionally capable of pointing out flaws in his boss's plans. Contrary to the mad scientist stereotype, Simon actually paid attention to Cad's suggestions. In the 2007 live-action film adaptation, he is portrayed by Peter Dinklage. In the movie, Bar Sinister was originally a geneticist for a company in Capital City, using dogs as test subjects for the betterment of mankind. But after being laughed at by the mayor after attempting to have his research expanded to law enforcement, Bar Sinister began his work to create a super-power formula to get revenge and he took away Underdog's superpowers and put them in little blue pills and fed them to German shepherds and was sent to jail for his crimes. However, the incident resulted in the destruction of his lab that not only caused scarring of his forehead, the loss of some of his hair, and a limp in his right leg, but created Underdog. Name Edit "Bar Sinister" is a macaronic reference to a heraldic mark, called barre sinister in French and bend sinister in English. The bend sinister is a line from the top right to the bottom left, and its diminutive form, correctly called a baton sinister, denotesillegitimacy. Despite its heraldic inaccuracy, the term bar sinister has been used in literary contexts to denote bastardy since the early 19th century. Hence, the name Simon Bar Sinister could be translated as "Simon the Bastard". Episodes in which he is prominent Edit "Simon Says" (first appearance): Invents a camera used to freeze living things in photographs. "Go Snow": Invents the Snow Gun to turn people into snowmen and snowwomen. After he snowed Underdog into submission, Underdog managed to defrost himself and then flew around in circles, making Simon and Cad too dizzy to continue their plan. "The Big Shrink": Desires to be the biggest man in the world, so he invents Pure Distilled Shrinking Water to shrink people to the size of his thumb. After using the shrinking chemical on Underdog and Sweet Polly, he uses his Rainmaking Machine to make it rain Shrinking Water all over the city, and he even shrinks Cad. Underdog, Polly and the townspeople shrink him to the size of a flea and tickle him into telling them the cure to the shrinking water. After Simon tells the townspeople the cure, he and Cad are sent to jail. "Weathering the Storm": Invents the Weather Machine to distort the Earth's weather patterns, but finds out he can't use the Weather Machine against Earth if he's on Earth. Cad points out they could use the Weather Machine if they weren't on the Earth. Simon and Cad spoil the Moon launch at Cape Canaveral by stealing a spacecraft with Sweet Polly as their prisoner after incapacitating the astronauts who were supposed to go with Sweet Polly. Sensing the danger,General Brainley, in charge of organizing the Moon launch, sent word for Underdog. Simon warns that if Underdog were to go to the moon, to harm Simon, Sweet Polly would be harmed. While Simon demonstrates the Weather Machine's powers, he creates a flood, which floods the Capitol Building, but Underdog makes a built-in drain, sending the flood out to sea. Then, Simon creates a lightning storm, but Underdog throws the lightning bolt into the sky. Then, Simon tries a tornado, but Underdog stops it with his atomic breath. Simon, after listening to one of Cad's suggestions, threatens to press all the keys on his Weather Machine unless the Earth agrees to make Simon dictator, and the world leaders have one hour to decide. Underdog knew it would be impossible for him to stop tornados, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and many other natural disasters all at once, and even if Simon spotted Underdog nearing the Moon, he would press all the keys on the Weather Machine and destroy the Earth, with Sweet Polly, too. Underdog turns invisible and defeats Simon and Cad, destroys the Weather Machine, rescues Sweet Polly and returns Simon, Cad, Polly, and the spaceship to Earth where Simon and Cad will be sent to jail. "The Phoney Booths": Replaces phone booths with Phoney Booths to brainwash people who use the booths. Underdog is also the victim of Simon Bar Sinister's phoney booths, but Underdog overcomes Simon's power, and destroys Simon's evil phone booths and Simon and Cad are once again sent to jail. "The Forget-Me-Net": Invents a net to erase the memories of others. He planned to use the net on Underdog by robbing a jewelry store and a toy store, but Underdog was busy taming a typhoon and stopping a band of pirates. So, he decides to kidnap Sweet Polly and use the net on Underdog, erasing Polly's memory in the process. After using the net on Underdog, he realizes the cure to the net's effects is if the victim hears his or her name, so he disguises Underdog as an elderly woman who sells apples, and then plans to erase the memories of all the people in Washington D.C.Underdog and Polly regain their memories and stop Simon and Cad by using the Forget-Me-Net against them, causing both Simon and Cad to forget who they are. "Simon Says 'No Thanksgiving' ": He plans to make himself master of the city with an army consisting of 3 airplanes, 3 tanks and 12 soldiers. Sweet Polly overheard it and the police that she informed of this laughed at the fact of Simon using 3 airplanes, 3 tanks, and 12 soldiers. He planned it on the same day of the Thanksgiving Day parade and was disappointed at that. Cad points out if Simon's plan fails, he and Cad will be laughingstocks of the city. So he plans to go back in time and destroy Thanksgiving by having the Indians fight the Pilgrims. With that done, he'll be able to push the buttons on Main Street locking every door in the city and he'll be able to carry out his plan. Underdog and Polly as usual foiled his plan. When his army started the attack, they were quickly arrested and Simon was the laughingstock of the city. "The Tickle Feather Machine": After the narrator makes reference to Simon's previous failed inventions to conquer the world (the Shrinking Water, the Weather Machine, the Snow Gun and the Forget-Me-Net, respectively), Simon decides to run for dictator, but quickly realizes nobody will vote for him since he's the most wicked person in the world. So Simon and Cad must vote for Simon themselves and prevent others from voting. He invents the Tickle Feather Machine to make people laugh so hard, they won't vote against him. After firing the Tickle Feather on Underdog and Sweet Polly, he and Cad vote for him for dictator and threatened a cook, a banker, a construction worker, and Sweet Polly to do whatever he says. It may look as though Simon was legally elected, but he wasn't. Underdog found info that Sweet Polly revealed on the television like Simon Bar Sinister and Cad are convicted criminals and they weren't registered to vote. This caused those that Simon threatened with the Tickle Feather Machine to turn against him as Underdog disposes of the Tickle Feathers. "The Big Dipper": Invents the Big Dipper Machine to steal every water reservoir in the world, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, lagoons, ponds, and swimming pools. Underdog stops Simon from dipping all the water in the world, and Underdog restores all the water to everybody, and Simon and Cad are sent to jail again. "Simon Says 'Be My Valentine' ": Uses his Valentine Vault to turn others into Valentine cards. Simon and his thugs intended to use the Valentine Vault on Underdog, but first they needed Sweet Polly as the bait. When Underdog arrived to rescue Polly, he was turned into a Valentine that Simon was going to use for a dartboard. When Simon and his thugs left the lab to use the Valentine Vault on the Mayor and the City's Officials, Underdog broke free of his Valentine Prison using his Super Energy Pill and rescued Sweet Polly. Simon and his gang were eventually defeated and turned into Valentine Cards themselves. "The Vacuum Gun": Enlists the help of Batty-Man, Riff Raff, Electric Eel, and the gangs that each one led to pull crimes all over the world. Underdog managed to defeat them all. Simon's diabolical machines "Weathering the Storm" "The Tickle Feather Machine" The Weather Machine's designs are similar to a pipe organ. Simon used it to distort the Earth's weather patterns, but finds out he can't use the Weather Machine against Earth if he's on Earth. Cad points out they could find a spot that wasn't on the Earth so they could use the Weather Machine. Simon and Cad, with Sweet Polly captive, use the Weather Machine on the Moon, but Underdog destroys it, rescues Sweet Polly and returns the stolen spacecraft to Earth at which point Simon and Cad are arrested by the military police. The narrator makes reference of this weapon at the beginning of the episode "The Tickle Feather Machine", only that time, its designs were similar to a ray gun. Pop-culture references Edit In an episode of Will & Grace entitled "Whose Mom Is It, Anyway?", character Will Truman (played by Eric McCormack) calls Grace Adler (played by Debra Messing) Simon Bar Sinister. Simon Chardiet, notable guitarist and guest musician with Rancid, has performed in a Rockabilly trio called "Simon & The Bar Sinisters from the 1990s until the present day. There was also a New York based heavy Metal band called "Simon Barr Sinister" (note the two r's in "Barr") during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Most notable is their heavy rendition of Gordon Lightfoot's "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". In a 1993 HBO special, Dennis Miller referred to H. Ross Perot as a "Simon Bar Sinister Replicant", also a reference to the synthetic people in the film Blade Runner, or the book Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?   Some or all of the information and/or categories on this page may have come from another site such as the Villains Wikia or TVTropes.org . This may include previous edits that are different than the current version. Changes to this page to provide original content are welcomed and encouraged, but this notice must remain on the page at all times. To visit this page on the Villains Wikia, click here .

Underdog

On December 8th, 1941, FDR delivered his famous "a date that will live in infamy" speech. To what was he referring?

Film Character Introduction: Bill Ferny, Simon Bar Sinister, Chris Adams, El Shaitan, Django, Calvera, Bernardo O'reilly, Goldmember: Amazon.es: Books LLC: Libros en idiomas extranjeros Libros en idiomas extranjeros EUR 37,51 Precio final del producto Elige envíos GRATIS más rápidos con Amazon Premium o elige envío GRATIS en 4-5 días No disponible temporalmente. Puedes comprarlo ya y te lo enviaremos cuando esté en stock. Recibirás un e-mail con la fecha de entrega estimada en cuanto tengamos más información. El cobro a tu cuenta se realizará sólo cuando se envíe el producto. Vendido y enviado por Amazon. Se puede envolver para regalo. Cantidad: Para ver las direcciones, por favor Iniciar sesión Usar esta ubicación: Actualizar Introduce un código postal válido. Introduce un código postal válido. O Añadir a la Lista de deseos ¿Tienes uno para vender? Volver atrás Ir adelante Escuchar Reproduciendo... Interrumpido   Estás escuchando una muestra de la edición de audio Audible. Más información Ver esta imagen Film Character Introduction: Bill Ferny, Simon Bar Sinister, Chris Adams, El Shaitan, Django, Calvera, Bernardo O'reilly, Goldmember (Inglés) Tapa blanda – 15 sep 2010 Tapa blanda, 15 sep 2010 "Vuelva a intentarlo" Descripción del producto Reseña del editor Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 335. Not illustrated. Chapters: Bill Ferny, Simon Bar Sinister, Chris Adams, El Shaitan, Django, Calvera, Bernardo O'reilly, Goldmember, Camille Montes, Bantha, Svengali, Brad Whitaker, Randle Mcmurphy, Rodney Skinner, Derek Smalls, Rocco Lampone, Carmen Cortez, Holden Mcneil, Tulse Luper, Omnidroid, Max, Chan Ho Nam, Carlotta, Charles Robinson, Father, Countess Lisl Von Schlaf, Captain Sabertooth, Bruno Tattaglia, Archbishop Gilday, Ellsworth, Frederick Keinszig, Cardinal Lamberto, Tange Sazen, Buford T. Justice, Jeff Spicoli, Robot Torg, Charlie Croker, Louis Winthorpe Iii, Boo (Monsters, Inc.), Newton Crosby, Lisa, Turist Ömer, Z.o.w.i.e., Captain Paul Ames, Pumpkinhead, Butch the Bulldog, B. J. Harrison, Phyllis Dietrichson, Billy Rosewood, the Little Man, Kat Nipp, Ben Hubbard, Raimundo Tempio, Becky Preston, Chiss, Dara Lynn Preston, Marty Preston, Maria Gambrelli, Bob Stencil, List of Film Supervillains, Silver Sparrow, Pyros, Stratos, Antereans, Stabbery. Excerpt: Dr. Simon Bar Sinister was the main antagonist in the Underdog cartoon show. Simon is the wickedest man in the world, and it was his ambition to rule the world, but each time, Underdog defeated him. Voiced by Allen Swift, and based on the voice and looks of Lionel Barrymore, Simon appeared to be only two feet tall. The "Bar Sinister" in his name was a macaronic reference to a mark from heraldry, in English called a bend sinister; on a shield it was denoted by a line (to those facing the shield) from the top right to the bottom left. (The French equivalent is barre, and is pronounced the same way.) His name could be translated as "Simon, the Bastard" (see baton sinister). Additionally, his name could be a mock or pun on Simon Bar Jonas or Simon bar Kokhba. In Aramaic, the word bar means "son of". Simon's most famous saying was, "Simon says!" His henchman was Cad ... No es necesario ningún dispositivo Kindle. Descárgate una de las apps de Kindle gratuitas para comenzar a leer libros Kindle en tu smartphone, tablet u ordenador. Apple

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Originally titled Your Radio Playhouse, what long running PBS radio series is hosted by Ira Glass?

Long Runners - TV Tropes Long Runners You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share YMMV Truly Superman is too super to kill (but it took several decades to change his red underpants).note Chronologically from top left: George Reeves in The Adventures of Superman , Christopher Reeve in Superman , Brandon Routh in Superman Returns , Henry Cavill in Man of Steel . Franchises which have somehow passed the test of time. There is a clue in here for what people want to watch and listen to. Some of these shows began with bad ratings or went through creative slumps , but got here thanks to Network to the Rescue (and avoiding being Screwed by the Network ). Some of these shows are even Older Than Television . See also:     open/close all folders      At least 10 years  The Adventures Of Ozzie And Harriet (1952-66; notable as the longest-running American sitcom until being surpassed by The Simpsons ) Air Gear by Oh!Great ran for a full decade from 2002 to 2012 and ended with 357 chapters. The Angry Video Game Nerd : began in 2004 and still ongoing with The Movie released in 2014. The Apprentice : also began in 2004 and still ongoing, though Donald Trump has been fired for controversial comments on immigration. Aqua Teen Hunger Force , which started in 2001 (2000 if you count the stealth airing of the first episode) and, after a few title changes, was cancelled in 2015. The Atheist Experience (1997-present) Bananas in Pyjamas — the "costumed" series debuted in 1991 and ended in 2002, but a an All-CGI Cartoon adaptation beginning in 2011 has made the show one of these. Barney Bunch : Started off as a trolling group on Newgrounds in 2005. Moved to YouTube in 2006 and became the semi-affliliated "Speakonia Community". Despite numerous videos and accounts getting terminated, it's still going. Baywatch (9/22/1989-5/14/2001; eleven seasons and 242 episodes) Beachcombers (387 episodes from 1972-91; longest dramatic series in Canada) Beat the Clock : Total of 18 years (1950-61, 1969-74, 1979-80, 2002-03). Between the Lions (2000-10) Big Brother : The show premiered in the Netherlands in 1999. While the original version has ended, several international versions continue to air and would belong here. The BIONICLE toy-line released its first sets in the Summer of 2001 and its last sets in the winter of 2010, hitting the 10 year mark on the dot. And then coming back 2015, solidifying their stay. Break the Bank (1945-57) Brum (1991-2002, still in syndication in some territories) The Carol Burnett Show (1967-78) Cat and Girl , a web comic that has been running since 1999. Catch Phrase , a British game show that lasted sixteen years. (Not to be confused with the much less successful American version upon which it was based.) Cheers (11 years, immediately followed by spinoff Frasier which went another 11. As a result, Kelsey Grammer played Frasier Crane from 1984-2004.) Chilly Willy (produced by Walter Lantz ) ran from 1953 to 1972. However, the studio only did an average of three cartoons per year with the character. As a result he only has 50 shorts despite being in production for 19 years. Chi's Sweet Home (2004-2015) Sanrio 's Cinnamoroll, who would later become a very popular character in Japan, has been winning the hearts of Sanrio fans since 2002. Which is surprising since Sanrio itself didn't expect a character to come this close to being popular along with My Melody and Hello Kitty . Claymore (The manga ran from 2001 to 2014 and ended with 155 chapters and 5 extra chapters, it also produced a 26-episode anime in 2007) Comedy Central Presents (1998-2011, 14 seasons, over 260 episodes; a show that has about 30 minutes of Stand-Up Comedy by a different comedian each episode) Countdown (1974-87) Dallas (1978-91) Deadliest Catch - 10 seasons (2005-), plus a four-episode miniseries called America's Deadliest Season which served as a pilot in 2004. Still ongoing. Definitely Not the Opera (CBC Radio variety show since 1994, named Brand X 1994-97; hosted by Sook-Yin Lee since 2002) Definition . Lasted from 1974 to 1989, 15 years. Degrassi (2001-15, over 200 episodes so far; the very first incarnation of it was actually in 1979 with Kids of Degrassi Street) The Doctors (1963-82; 5280 episodes) Dora the Explorer (2000-15) Dragon Ball : The manga started in late 1984 and ended in 1995. Three anime series were broadcast between 1986 and 1997, the first two adapting the manga. Dragon Ball Kai , a re-edit of the second anime , was broadcast between 2009 to 2015. Spawned two movies ( Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods and Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection �F� ) that are considered canon. A fourth anime series, Dragon Ball Super , began airing in June 2015. There are also a number of TV specials and OVAs . Official Spin Offs like Jaco the Galactic Patrolman may also be included. Dusty's Treehouse, a children's series in the same vein as Mister Rogers' Neighborhood starring future voice actor/director Stu Rosen and produced for Los Angeles CBS affiliate KNXT, ran in various forms from 1966-80. Syndicated re-runs aired on Nickelodeon from 1980-84. The EarthSiege/ Starsiege / Tribes series (July 1994-) Ed, Edd 'n' Eddy (1999-2009, Cartoon Network 's longest running series) ER (15 years, 1994-2009) Fifteen To One (British quiz show, 1988-2003) Finkleman's 45s (CBC radio retro music show; October 5, 1985 - June 25, 2005) Fist of the North Star (1983-1988, 245 chapters) and its prequel Fist of the Blue Sky (2001-2010, 260 chapters) lasted a combined total of 16 years as a manga. That's not counting the one-off 1996 novel Cursed City penned by writer Buronson and the 30th anniversary Last Piece one-shot published in 2013, not to mention the various spinoffs and parodies, as well as anime and video game adaptations that were published throughout the years, even when the manga was not in serialization anymore. Firan MUX (circa 1997-) Fred Penner's Place (CBC children's show, 1985-97) Frasier ran for 11 seasons between September 16, 1993 and May 13, 2004 for a total of 264 episodes. The French Chef, a PBS Cooking Show starring Julia Child, ran for 10 years from 1963 to 1973. It's still being rerun on cable. The Frugal Gourmet, another PBS cooking show, aired from 1983 to 1997. The Funday Pawpet Show (November 1999-; 600 episodes as of July 18, 2010) Fullmetal Alchemist : Original manga began in 2001 and finished in 2010, has had two anime series (the first ran from 2003-2004, the second from 2009-2010), 5 OVA's, and 2 movies, one for each respective anime series (the first was released in 2005, the second in 2011). Futari Ecchi (1997-) holds the record for the longest running manga with near explicit sex being showcased in every single chapter, in every volume. Something that sounds so bland and lewd has a reason for having more than 50 volumes published - the series is basically an insightful encyclopedia for sex in manga form, no gratuitous sex scenes for the sake of it, everything being shown relates to detailed research on the author's part, something beyond than Plot with Porn , an actual bona-fide sex-ed curriculum in manga format. Futurama (March 28, 1999-August 10, 2003 [FOX episodes]/March 23, 2008-September 4, 2013 [Comedy Central episodes], 140 episodes and four made-for-DVD moviesnote Bender's Big Score, The Beast with a Billion Backs, Bender's Game, and Into the Wild Green Yonder) The Garfield Specials aired from 1982-1992. Gintama (2004 to present) having 530 chapters on their long life to not to include 6 anime seasons and one Light Novel about a spin off of the main series. Good Eats (debuted July 7, 1999; Food Network 's longest-running consecutive original program, with 14 seasons and 249 episodes). Ended in 2011. El Goonish Shive (Started in January of 2002) Habbo (A Social Network opened in 2000 at Finland, then gradually released internationally.) Hana Yori Dango (the manga ran for 11 years, and dramas based on it are still in development) Happy Tree Friends (Web Series running December 24, 1999-present) Haruhi Suzumiya (series of light novels, 2003-present) Hawaii Five-O (the original version lasted from 1968-1980) Hannity and Colmes (12 and a half years, plus Hannity) Hell's Kitchen (2005-present, 2004-present if UK version is counted) Hi-5 (Started airing in January 1999 and also spawned a very successful American incarnation.) History Detectives (PBS history show, 2003-12; a revamped version is scheduled for 2014.) How It's Made (2001-present) Hunter � Hunter - Published in March of 1998 and still ongoing, though definitely not continuously ; currently 33 volumes and over 350 chapters long. It's first anime adaption by Nippon Animation aired from late 1999 to early 2001, with a final OVA series continuing from 2003 to 2004. Its second anime adaption by Madhouse lasted from 2011 to 2014, ending accordingly due to reaching too close to the current point of the manga. El Intermedio (2006-present), Spanish news satire. InuYasha (although the anime got axed when it was going to overtake the manga , the manga itself ran from 1996-2008; the anime came back and finished the story in 2009-2010. That's 14 years if you count the anime as part of its run as well) Iron Chef (started in 1993; between Iron Chef Japan and Iron Chef America, that's nearly (but not quite) two decades in one form or another.) The Jeffersons (spinoff of All in the Family , lasted 11 seasons) The Joker's Wild (originally ran from 1972-75 on CBS, followed by syndicated revivals from 1977-86 and 1990-91; total of 13 seasons) Kabouter Plop (1997-present) Kevin & Kell started in 1995, making it one of the oldest webcomics in existence. Lassie (1954-73) The Late Late Show (since 1995 on CBS; hosted by Tom Snyder {1995-99}, Craig Kilborn {1999-2005}, Craig Ferguson {2005-}) Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (1999-; in 2015, it became the longest-running first-run drama series in primetime, carrying on the mantle of its parent series) The Life of Nob T. Mouse began in December 1996 and is still going. Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous (1984-95) M*A*S*H (1972-83) MA Dtv (1995-2009; is considered Saturday Night Live 's longest-running rival sketch show, and like SNL had its share of cast changes, writer changes, and executive producer changes) Major (15 years; started in 1994 and reached over 700 chapters by the time it finished in 2010) Married... with Children (1987-97; longest-running live-action sitcom on FOX) Match Game (18 years—1962-69 on NBC, 1973-82 on CBS and syndication, 1983-84 as The Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour, 1990-91 on ABC and 1998-99 in syndication) Max and Ruby (2002-2013), the second animated series based on the works of Rosemary Wells . (The show got temporarily cancelled in 2007, but new episodes started getting made in 2009. The series than stopped making episodes for good in 2013) MegaTokyo began in August of 2000. Midsomer Murders , which has aired on ITV since 1997 and continued even after the main character left in 2011 (replaced by his cousin). LEGO Mindstorms , began in 1998, still going today. Monitor (NBC Radio weekend show ran just shy of 20 years, from June 1955 to January 1975) The Montel Williams Show (1991-2008) RiffTrax (2006-present) Mythbusters (2003-2016; production wrapped up in November 2015 but the season is to air in 2016. And then they announced that the series is going to be rebooted instead...) Naruto (first published in 1999 and aired in 2002. Now has 72 volumes, over 650 episodes, twelve OVAs, eleven movies, numerous games, twelve novels, two comedy spin-offs, and a miniseries. The manga officially ended on November 10, 2014, at 700 chapters, and the final movie (for now) was released on August 7, 2015. As of now, the anime is still ongoing, and there's also a sequel series. ) The Now Show (first broadcast in 1998 and still airing) NYPD Blue started in 1993 and ended in 2005 (12 seasons). Ohayo Kodomo Show (a Japanese children's variety show, 1965-1980) One Piece (started publication in 1997. Over 800 manga chapters in 80+ volumes, more than 700 episodes, twelve movies, and counting.) In 2010, the creator announced that the story had reached its halfway point; if this is true, then the series will run for a total of 26 years. Incredibly ironic given that when Eiichiro Oda initially thought up the plot of the series, he planned to end it after 5 years. Only Fools and Horses initially ran from 1981-1991 (10 years), and continued for another 7 years with annual Christmas specials. The O'Reilly Factor (started in 1996, not going anywhere soon) Parlamentet (aired on Swedish television from 1999-2011, though the possibility of further episodes has not been ruled out; by contrast, its parent programme, the BBC's If I Ruled The World , only aired for fourteen episodes in 1998-99) Penny Arcade , since 1998. Phenomena has lasted atleast 12 years and is still not finnished. The first Pico flash, Pico's School, was made in 1999. Since then, Pico has been kept alive ( in a sense ) as Newgrounds ' Series Mascot by all sorts of Newgrounders to this day. And to think, Pico's School was inspired by Columbine . Pinwheel (13 years, 1977-90. Was Nickelodeon 's biggest show at 260 episodes until You Can't Do That on Television dethroned it.) Play For Today : Drama anthology series that ran from 1970 to 1984. Pretty Cure (airing weekly since 2004) The Pyramid Game Show series: 19 years (27 years worth of episodes due to the overlapping syndicated versions): 1973-74, CBS (The $10,000 Pyramid) 1974-80, ABC (The $10,000/$20,000 Pyramid) 1974-79, syndicated (The $25,000 Pyramid) 1981, syndicated (The $50,000 Pyramid) 1982-88, CBS (The $25,000 Pyramid; called The New $25,000 Pyramid from November 8, 1982 - January 28, 1985) 1985-88, syndicated (The $100,000 Pyramid) 1991, syndicated (The $100,000 Pyramid) 2002-04, syndicated (Pyramid) 2012, GSN (The Pyramid) Questionable Content passed this mark on July 31, 2013. Radio Dead Air, Nash Bozard's internet radio show, has been running weekly since July 2000. It makes his show the longest running entity connected with That Guy with the Glasses (even if the show was on for about 8 years before he even began making videos in 2009, let alone getting signed on to TGWTG in 2010.) Red Dwarf (1988-1993; 1997-1999; 2009; 2012, ten seasons including the mini-series Back To Earth) The Red Green Show (1990-2005, 300 episodes and a movie. Could go for almost thirty years if you count the length of time Steve Smith has been playing the Red Green character, having first done it on Smith and Smith in the late 1970s.) Red vs. Blue started in 2003 and is ongoing. Retro Game Master , known as Game Center CX in its native Japan. Has been running since 2003, with the 17th season celebrating the tenth anniversary. Ryan's Hope (13 years, 1975-89) Sally Jessy Raphael (ran from 1983-2002; canceled by distributor Studios USA due to the fading popularity of talk shows. And yet Jerry's been on for going on 18 years now...) Says You! has been running since 1997. Saber y Ganar, a Spanish daily quiz show, started on 17th February, 1997. Since October 2011, it runs all seven days a week. It has consistently been the most viewed show in its channel since 2004. Schlock Mercenary (published daily since June 12, 2000...and not missing a single day) Shortpacked! (2005-2015, starting and ending on January 17th) Silent Witness (1996-, 13+ seasons, the oldest currently active crime show in the English language) Sluggy Freelance has been daily since August 25, 1997. Smallville , true to its long-running parent franchise, ran for ten seasons and a season 11 Comic-Book Adaptation . It's the current (2013) record holder for longest-running American sci-fi show. South Park (1997-, 19 seasons, renewed through a 23rd) Space Ghost Coast to Coast ran for three days short of ten years on [adult swim] alone, and then for 1 day short of two more years on Game Tap . SpongeBob SquarePants (May 1, 1999-October 11, 2004/May 6th 2005-present) (Widely considered as the most popular cartoon of the decade and rightfully took its place as one of the most successful cartoons of all time. Despite this, it was cancelled in 2004, with the movie set to be the series finale. However, the movie did so well, beyond expectations, that Nickelodeon saw potential in the show, and quickly renewed it for a fourth season.) Stargate SG-1 (10 years, longest continuously running sci-fi show on U.S. television after Mystery Science Theater 3000 . Also 5 years for its spinoff, Stargate Atlantis . Universe picking up immediately after Atlantis ended means that there was a current Stargate-verse 1997-2011.) Supernatural (2005-) Survivor has been on the air since 2000. Tech Infantry , which started as a fan-made Tabletop RPG expansion pack in the mid-1990s, still has a couple of people writing short stories set in that universe today. They Think It's All Over ran from 1995-2006 for 19 full series and two summer specials. This American Life has aired nationally since 1996 (beginning locally one year earlier as Your Radio Playhouse), as well as a Showtime TV series from 2007-09. Thuis (Belgian soap opera, since 1995) Tic-Tac-Dough (originally ran from 1956-59 on NBC, then in syndication from 1978-86 and 1990-91; total of 12 seasons) Tokyo Friend Park II (Japanese game show, aired nearly every week from April 1994 through March 2011, plus another year prior if you count the original Tokyo Friend Park which aired from October 1992 through September 1993) Trinton Chronicles : (1999-2011 as a web original) True Life : MTV documentary series, with topics like, "I Have Schizophrenia", "I'm a Staten Island Girl", "I Don't Like My Small Breasts", "I'm Embarrassed of My Mom", and "I'm Living With My Ex" (among others), running since 1998. was created in 2004 and is possibly one of the longest-running forum role playing games in existence.note The fact that the setting's an entire planet with user-created lore probably helps. Video And Arcade Top 10 (Canadian kids game show about video games that aired from 1991-2006, and one of the longest running English language Canadian game shows in history) Wicked (2003-present) Winx Club (2004-14. It was originally supposed to stop after three seasons and a movie. Then, it was scheduled to stop after a third movie, which is to be released during summer of 2014. Now, a seventh season has been announced.) World War II Online , the massive multiplayer war simulator, went to paid subscription on June 6, 2001 and is still going strong. WWE 's WWE SmackDown , has been airing regularly since April 29, 1999. The X-Men Film Series (2000-present) is the longest-running superhero movie franchise. Hugh Jackman appears as Wolverine in 9 of the 10 entries,note in the exception, Deadpool , the title character still wears a Jackman mask making him the actor who has played the same superhero in the most movies. X-Play (1998-2012, originally as GameSpot TV on ZDTV) Yu-Gi-Oh! got its start as a manga by Kazuki Takahashi in 1996. In addition to the original manga, the franchise has developed into five other manga series, seven anime series, one 30-minute animated movie, and two full-length animated movies. (The Collectible Card Game that most of the franchise was based on didn't actually debut until 1999; the anime series that most fans are familiar with was sponsored by Konami, revolving around their version of the card game to ensure their domination of the card game license.) Z Cars (1962-1978) The following Cirque du Soleil troupes: Alegr�a (1994-98 tent tour, 1999-2000 residency in Biloxi, MS, 2001-09 tent tour relaunch; 2009-13 arena tour) Quidam (1996-2010 tents, 2010-16 arenas) Dralion (1999-2010 tents; 2010-14 arenas) Varekai (2002-13 tents, 2013- arenas) Zumanity (2003-)     At least 20 years  Ah! My Goddess ; the manga ran from 1988 to 2014, and it's had several anime adaptations. America's Funniest Home Videos (original pilot aired in November 1989, launched January 1990. From 1999-2000, it ran only as occasional specials, but the Tom Bergeron-hosted revamp returned it to series status) America's Most Wanted (1987-1996, 1997-2012; longest-running show on FOX. It was actually canceled in Fall 1996 but fans, law enforcement, and the governments of 32 states rallied together to successfully persuade FOX to uncancel the show a month and a half later. Upon returning, it resumed its regular Saturday-night timeslot and paired with C.O.P.S. . This combination itself was a long runner as one of the longest unchanged primetime schedules in American television history lasting 15th years until it was sent to Lifetime in 2011. They would only air the program for a little under a year, ending in 2012.) Arthur (1996-present), a cartoon based on the books by Marc Brown. It is the second longest-running animated series in America behind The Simpsons . At the Movies ( Siskel & Ebert ): From 1986-99 with Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert, 1999-2000 with Ebert and guests, 2000-06 with Ebert and Richard Roeper, 2006-08 with Roeper and guests, 2008-09 with Ben Lyons and Ben Mankiewicz, and 2009-10 with A.O. Scott and Michael Phillips, for a total of 24 years. Revived on PBS in 2011 as Roger Ebert Presents "At the Movies". If one counts their 1975-82 tenure on Opening Soon at a Theater Near You/Sneak Previews (which ran for another 14 years after they left for a total run of 21 years) and their 1982-86 stint on the original At the Movies, Siskel and Ebert were co-presenting film review programs for 24 years. Australia's Funniest Home Videos (the Australian version of America's Funniest Home Videos ) has been running since 1990. Barney & Friends : The first videos came out from 1987-1991. The show premiered in 1992. Although, new episodes haven't been produced since 2010, the show is not officially canceled, as a new season is set to premiere in 2017 . Bastard : First volume published in 1988 (with a one-shot pilot in 1987 titled Wizard!!). It was serialized irregularly by Weekly Jump before switching to Ultra Jump in 2000 (with a seven-year hiatus between 2001 and 2008) and as a result, only a relatively small set of 26 volumes have been published. Berserk : First volume published in 1990 (with a one-shot pilot in 1989), and has been serialized in Young Animal since 1992. However, it's only published bimonthly, so it only reached a comparatively-small 38 volumes in 2016. However, the 1997-98 anime was only 25 episodes and only lasted half a year; the fact that it went through 13 volumes of story in that time is telling as to why. Best Motoring , from December 1987 to June 2011 (22 and a half years) The Bill (pilot in 1983, full series in 1984, weekly since 1987. Ended in September 2010.) The Bold and the Beautiful (1987-) Brookside, (Channel 4 UK soap opera and one of the channel's first shows, 1982-2003) Buffy the Vampire Slayer : The movie was admittedly a flop, but it premiered in 1992, the series ran from 1996-2003, and the comic books are still coming out with season 10 right now. Captain Kangaroo (29 years, 1955-84) If you include the 1997 revival, this comes to 31 years. The Carry On film franchise included at least one film a year every year from 1958-78 (followed by Carry On Columbus in 1992). Casualty (20 years, first broadcast 1986) Its spinoff Holby City has already had a 10+ year run in its own right (since 1999). The Chibi Maruko-chan franshise has been running for almost 30 years, with the manga running for 23 years before ending and the second anime (over 900 episodes so far) running for almost 19. Chuckle Vision aired from 1987 to 2009. Cirque du Soleil troupes: Saltimbanco opened in 1992, originally closed in February 1997, and was brought back in October 1998. As a tent-based tour it ran until 2006, and relaunched as an arena tour in 2007. In this form it ran until 2012. Myst�re has been running nonstop in Las Vegas, Nevada since 1993. Concentration (24 years on NBC and in syndication {1958-78, 1987-91}, minus a five-month hiatus in 1973) C.O.P.S. (second longest-running show on Fox and the longest-running Reality Show , currently on Spike TV ) Crossroads , British soap opera (26 years, 1964-88 and 2001-03). The Darkon Wargaming Club has been around since 1985. Dateline (running continuously since 1992) The David Susskind Show (1958-1986) Den Ace (1989-present), a series of Tokusatsu shorts parodying Ultraman . Detective Conan , also known as Case Closed in English, in publication since 1994 and on the air since 1996 with 700+ episodes, 18 movies, and 70+ volumes. It's still going in both anime and manga form. Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!!! (Japanese comedy/variety show, running since October 1989). EastEnders (3,300+ episodes since 1985) FC De Kampioenen (1990-2011) Belgian sitcom. Fort Boyard (1990-) French summer TV game show. The Friendly Giant (Canadian children's show, 1958-85) FurryMUCK 1990-today. May be the oldest text-based virtual reality game still around. Les Guignols de l'info (French satirical puppet show , 1988-) Gunnm (the manga has been around since 1990) Gunsmoke (September 10, 1955-March 31, 1975) Famously the longest running drama series in primetime television, a title it now officially shares with Law & Order. Gute Zeiten Schlechte Zeiten ("Good Times, Bad Times", German soap with 4,000+ episodes, running since 1992; based on a Dutch soap called Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden, which has run for 3,500 episodes since 1990) Hajime no Ippo (manga serialization started in 1989, has since topped 1,000 chapters and going strong) The Halloween series: The first film came out in 1978 and the last one was released in 2002. Not counting the Rob Zombie rem akes . Have I Got News for You (British satirical panel show, started 1990 and still going despite several libel cases and not having a permanent presenter since sacking Angus Deayton in 2002) The Hollywood Squares (1966-81, 1986-89, 1998-2004; total of 24 years, or 25 if you count The Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour {1983-84}) In the Life (June 1992 - December 2012); the longest-running LGBT newsmagazine Inside the Actors Studio (airing on Bravo since 1994) Issues and Answers (1960-81) which, along with Meet the Press and Face the Nation, represented the height of Sunday-morning political television in the US. The Jerry Springer Show (running in syndication since 1991, started as a public-affairs talk show based at WLWT in Cincinnati; its parent company syndicated it nationally as it slowly evolved into its current "freakshow" format. It switched distributors from Multimedia to Universal when Multimedia was bought out by a newspaper company in 1995, along with Sally Jessy Raphael's show) Kalkofes Mattscheibe , one of Germany's most prominent and most merciless parody shows, was on radio from 1991-1998, and has been on TV since 1994 (with breaks and Channel Hops ). Oliver Kalkofe commented in 2014 that German TV had only become worse in the meantime. Later... with Jools Holland (British variety show, 1992-) Landline (Australian rural issues program, 1992-) Late Show with David Letterman (1993-2015; adding the Late Night years at NBC, a 33-year run in late-night television) Law & Order : September 13, 1990 - May 24, 2010. Fell just short of beating Gunsmoke's record, though at least they're now tied. Was the longest-running first-run drama series in primetime for all of The Noughties . The Letter People : First broadcast in 1976, it ran clear into the 1990s. The Littlest Pet Shop toy line has been in continuous production since 1992. Love of Life (7,315 episodes from 1951-80) Lux Radio Theatre , a weekly American radio series which adapted Hollywood films for radio broadcast, ran for 21 years, 1934-1955. Maury (Maury Povich's talk show; started in 1991 and still going strong. Switched distributors from Paramount to Universal in 1998) Media Watch (Australian media analysis program; first aired in May 1989, isn't going anywhere any time soon) Mega Man : The first game was released to the NES in 1987. The series celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2013. Les Mis�rables has been running on the West End since 1985. Morningside (CBC Radio morning show, 1976-97) The Movie Show (running since 1986 in Australia; the original hosts switched networks in 2004 and now present At The Movies, which is the same show in all but name). Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom (1963-88 [original series], 2002-present [revival]) Neighbours (since 1985, with 5,000+ episodes) Nick News with Linda Ellerbee (1992-2015) The Oprah Winfrey Show (1986-2011) The London production of The Phantom of the Opera has been running since 1986; the Broadway staging since 1988. The Phil Donahue Show (1967-96 on national TV, 3 years on Dayton, Ohio local TV) The show that inspired most Talk Shows after it, including Oprah and Sally Jessy Raphael. Play School (BBC children's show, 1964-88) Poirot (first episode shown in 1989, an occasional break in the 1990s and 2000s and a final episode in 2013) Pok�mon (since 1996, 22 games (many released in pairs or as Updated Rereleases ) for the main line of games alone, and 900+ episodes, and 17+ movies (one per year) for the anime since 1997). The Polka Dot Door (Canadian children's show, 1971-93) Power Rangers (began in 1993 with only a one-year hiatus, over 800 episodes so far) Queen for a Day ( Game Show , 1945-64 and 1969-70; 20 years) Rage (Music Video show, on Australian TV since 1987) Rainbow (British children's series on Thames TV, 1972-92) Reading Rainbow (16 seasons over 26 years, appears to have been Killed Off for Real in 2009, but was resurrected as an Internet Outreach project in the form of an iPad app in 2012, and 2015 saw a burst of new content. The third longest-running kids show on PBS behind Mister Rogers' Neighborhood and Sesame Street ) The Real World (1992-, over 400 episodes, one of the first successful Reality TV shows and MTV 's longest running show.) The Red Skelton Show (1951-71) Regional Contact (CTV Ottawa local newsmagazine, Sunday evenings since 1988) Samson En Gert , has been running since 1990. The Secret Storm (squeaks in at 20 years and 7 days, 1954-74) Shadowrun (FASA's premier RPG survived the downfall of its parent company and just celebrated its 20th Anniversary) Shima Shima Tora No Shimajiro has been on the air since 1993, and it's still going. Shortland Street is Television New Zealand's longest-running soap opera, first aired on May 25, 1992 and still going strong. The Simpsons started its 25th season in September 2013, and has been renewed for a 26th, so the show will run through at least 2015. While there are rumors that FOX will can the show after season 25 now that a new syndication deal has been made, making it possible for the show to air in reruns on cable TV and on streaming sites like Hulu and Netflix, Al Jean is planning to have the show complete 30 seasons, making the show end in 2019. Has been on the air as a series since December 17, 1989 note with the first episode being the Christmas special, "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire." The first regular episode is "Bart the Genius," though had it not been for the sloppy animation and behind-the-scenes issues Matt Groening was having with creating the show, "Some Enchanted Evening" — where Homer and Marge leave the kids with a female fugitive who poses as a babysitter — would have been the series premiere, though the title characters originated in animated shorts on The Tracy Ullman Show back in 1987.) Slayers : Began in 1989 in a serialized magazine as a novel series; had an anime run (1995-97); had two OVAs and five movies (1995-2001); anime was Un-Cancelled in 2008 and released two more seasons. The bulk of the long run was through the novels, which kept running through the new millennium and are still being made. Star Trek (22 years in all its TV incarnations, 1966-69; 1973-74; 1987-2005, plus 10+ on film, not counting the seven-year hiatus between Nemesis and Star Trek 2009 ) STOMP! starring the Yes/No group has been at the Orpheum Theater in New York City since the mid-90's - and it's still there. Street Fighter : The first game debuted in 1987, the more popular sequel, Street Fighter II : The World Warrior, was released in arcades in 1991. Sunday Night Baseball (on ESPN since 1990) Sunday Night Football (on ESPN 1987-2005, NBC 2006-present. TNT split the coverage with ESPN from 1990-97.) Taggart (20+ years, longest running cop show on UK TV at the moment) Talk Soup ran from 1991-2002. Its successor, plainly titled The Soup , has been airing since 2004. This Old House (PBS home improvement show, airing since 1980. Its spinoff program The New Yankee Workshop had a 20-year run in its own right, 1989-2009.) Time Shock (Japanese quiz show, aired weekly 1969-1986, 1989-1990, and Time Shock 21 in 2000-2002, plus periodic specials 2002-present) The original Tom and Jerry series ran from 1940-1967. If one counts the various spin-offs and movies that are still being produced to this day, then it's been going for more than 70 years. To Tell the Truth (1956-68, 1969-78, 1980-81, 1990-91, 2000-01; total of 24 seasons) Tournament of Kings, a Las Vegas dinner theater rival to the Medieval Times chain, opened with the Excalibur Hotel and Casino in 1990 as King Arthur's Tournament; it was retooled and renamed in 1998 and continues to run today. Truth or Consequences (1950-51, 1954-75, 1977-78, 1987-88; total of 24 seasons, although it is best known for the 19 years {1956-75} hosted by Bob Barker) Un, dos, tres , weekly Spanish game show that aired ten seasons intermittently between 1972 and 2004. Not counting skips between seasons, it stayed on air for about 20 years. VeggieTales began in 1993 and is still going. Waratte Iitomo !, a live-broadcast Japanese variety show, has been on the air since October, 1982. There has only been one host throughout its entire run, who holds a Guinness world record for longest continued hosting of a live television program. Warhammer 40,000 , the first game Rogue Trader, was released in 1986. Warhammer , the game of fantasy battles, actually appeared first, in 1983. WCW Saturday Night managed 27 years, with a couple of name changes along the way. Whose Line Is It Anyway? started out on BBC Radio 4 in 1988, then moved onto Channel 4 the same year, where it lasted for 10 seasons; the show moved to Hollywood in 1998, when it got picked up by ABC . The show was cancelled in 2003 � and by cancelled, we mean it stopped filming new episodes; new episodes continued to air on Freeform until November 2006. Several years later, the series was uncanceled and made a Channel Hop to The CW , where new episodes began airing in 2013. This makes for over 20 years' worth of Whose Line (and counting). WWE RAW has been airing since 1993, has aired over 1000 episodes. What's My Line? (24 years; 1950-67, then 1968-75) Yamara from 1988 in Dragon Magazine to 2006 in webcomic form. You've Been Framed, British home video series, first broadcast in 1989.     At least 30 years  20/20 (airing on ABC since 1978) American Bandstand (30 years on ABC , five years locally in Philadelphia , one year in syndication, one year on USA Network ; 37 total) Another World (35 years, 1964-99; 8,891 episodes) Antiques Roadshow (started in 1977 and is still ongoing) Arthur (although the cartoon has already been mentioned in the "At least 10 years" section, the books series ran for 34 years, 1976-2010) BattleTech (since 1984, with several ownership changes. Spawned a long running video game series , and an expanded universe since 1986) Guyver : The manga is still in production after starting in 1986, although it has considerably slowed since Yoshiki Takaya doesn't use assistants. Care Bears : Since its launch in 1981, is over thirty years old if one doesn't count in the hiatuses the franchise took. Even if one did count in the hiatus, the one hiatus starting in 1993 through 2001 and another from 2008 through 2012 totaled 12 years, still leaving the franchise's "active" periods with a span of a little over 20 years. Car Talk (began on WBUR Boston in 1977, and was picked up nationally by NPR in 1987. New episodes stopped being produced in 2012 and the older of the two brothers who co-hosted the show, Tom Magliozzi, died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in 2014, but Tom and his brother Ray still had recorded enough material for them to continue broadcasting new shows of never-before-aired material for at least a few more years to come) Countdown (Britain; the first programme on Channel 4, started in 1982, with 5,000+ episodes) The first Dark Tower book was released in 1982. An Interquel taking place between books four and five was released in 2012. Discworld ; first released in 1983, it went on to span 41 books before the author's death in 2015, as well as numerous short stories, reference books, stage shows, tv adaptations and various different types of games. Even after suffering from Alzheimer's disease, Sir Terry Pratchett managed to release a new book almost every year. Doctor Who ran from 1963 to 1989, and again from 2005 to present, for a total of 37 years. It is listed in Guinness World Records as both the longest-running, non-consecutive, science fiction television series (when awarded in 2006, the show had 43 years under its belt since the first episode/serial, and a total of 723 episodes), as well as the most successful science fiction series. When it was put on hiatus in 1989, it was announced as a temporary measure. During the hiatus, the BBC produced a telemovie, novelizations of the old episodes, and books with new stories, so it was no big stretch that the BBC celebrated the franchise's 50th anniversary in 2013. Also a counter-example to the claim in the introduction that these shows avoided being Screwed by the Network as the hiatus was instigated by an executive who hated the show. Don McNeill's Breakfast Club aired on NBC Blue (later ABC Radio) from 1933-68. Doraemon started off as a manga that ran from 1969-1996. There's the first anime series that aired in 1973 then ended in the same year due to budget issue that eventually caused the animation studio to went bankrupt. There'a second and more popular anime series that lasted from 1979 to 2005. Just a month later, a third anime series started airing in 2005 with all the characters redesigned and all the voice actors were replaced. Eat Bulaga, a Philippine noontime variety show running since 1979. Entertainment Tonight started in 1981 and is still in production. Evening at Pops (PBS Boston Pops concert program, aired 1970-2005) Evil Dead started in 1981, and with the recent Evil Dead reboot movie, and the Ash vs. Evil Dead series, the franchise has lasted for over 30 years. Family Feud (airing since 1976 on ABC {1976-85}, CBS {1988-94}, NBC {2008 specials}, and syndication {1977-85, 1988-95, 1999-}) Firing Line (public-affairs program, aired in syndication 1966-71 and then on PBS 1971-99; 1,504 episodes over 33 years) Front Page Challenge (Canadian celebrity panel quiz show that ran from 1957-95) Garfield (a newspaper comic strip, 1978-present) Glass Mask (the manga has been running since 1976. Has had several anime adaptations, the oldest ran during 1984 and the newest in 2005. And we're not counting the dorama, the Noh play, etc.) Good Morning America (ABC weekday morning show, airing since 1975) Grange Hill (BBC children's drama, 1978-2008) Gundam (16 TV and OAV series', 11+ movies, more manga and video games {separate and original stories, not just adaptations} than we dare to count, and good Lord, the model kits! If one were to watch every Gundam animated work continuously, not counting eating, sleeping, or bathroom breaks, the total runtime would last more than one week.) Here's Humphrey (Australian children's show, 1966-2003, briefly revived in 2007) The House (CBC Radio parliamentary affairs show, year-round since October 1977) The Howard Stern Show (some incarnation of the show has existed since the late 1970s) Inside The NFL (1977-2008 on HBO, Showtime 2008-) The Jack Benny Program (33 years on radio and television, 1932-65) Jackanory (1965-96, brief relaunch in 2007) JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (started on January 1st in 1987 on Weekly Jump; it switched to Ultra Jump (a monthly publication) in 2004, and has published over 100 volumes spanning eight major story arcs) Jubilee! — The last traditional showgirl revue in Las Vegas to close ran from 1981 to 2016. Last of the Summer Wine (British TV Sitcom , the world's longest-running): 31 series (1973, 1975-1977, 1979, 1982-1983, 1985, 1987-1993, 1995, 1997-2010) over 37 1/2 years. Late Night with... (1982- on NBC; hosted by David Letterman {1982-93}, Conan O'Brien {1993-2009}, Jimmy Fallon {2009-2014}, and Seth Meyers {2014-}) The Lawrence Welk Show (Locally on KTLA in Los Angeles 1955-1971, then nationally on ABC 1955-1971 and in syndication 1971-1982; reruns still air on some PBS stations) Legends in Concert, a celebrity impersonator revue, has been performing somewhere in Las Vegas, NV since 1983. Sister productions in Atlantic City, NJ, Branson, MO, and Myrtle Beach, SC have all had decade-plus runs; the latter two are still performing. Live from Lincoln Center (PBS classical music program, airing since 1976) The talk show now known as Live! with Kelly and Michael has a continuous history dating back to at least 1983: The Morning Show (1983�1988), initially a local show on WABC-TV in New York City, hosted by Regis Philbin and Cyndy Garvey. That show is the successor to local talk shows in both New York and Los Angeles that date back to 1970 (in NYC) and 1971 (in L.A.), with the L.A. show hosted by Philbin and Garvey for several years. Garvey left in 1984, and after a year with Ann Abernathy in the co-host chair, Kathie Lee Gifford (then Johnson) debuted in 1985. The show went national in 1988 as... Live! with Regis and Kathie Lee (1988�2000). After Gifford left in 2000, then there was... Live! with Regis (2000�2001), when the producers tried out several prospective co-hosts. The hiring of Kelly Ripa brought us to... Live! with Regis and Kelly (2001�2011). Philbin left in early 2011, leading to... Live! with Kelly (2011�2012), with Ripa joined by a revolving cast of guest co-hosts. Eventually, producers settled on former NFL player Michael Strahan, creating... Live! with Kelly and Michael (2012�present) Look and Read (produced irregularly from 1967-2004) The original theatrical Looney Tunes series ran from 1930-69. In that period of time, it went through various directors, animators, producers, and characters and that's not counting the various spinoffs, revivals, and movies. Lou Dobbs Tonight, originally titled Moneyline (aired on CNN from 1980-2009, and on Fox Business Network since 2011) Max and Ruby (Although the series is also mentioned in the "At least 10 years" section, Rosemary Wells has been making books starring "Max And Ruby" since 1979) The McLaughlin Group (PBS current affairs debate program, airing since 1982) Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968-2001, although reruns still air) Morning Edition (airing on NPR since 1979) Motor Week (airing on PBS since October 15, 1981 ) Mr. Squiggle (Australian children's show, 1959-95) Sanrio 's My Melody debuted in 1975. She would become one of Sanrio's very beloved characters in the company. Nature (PBS wildlife program, airing since 1982) Newsnight (broadcast on the same channel since 1980 if you don't count its predecessor) The News Quiz (satirical Panel Game running on BBC Radio Four since 1977) Nightline (ABC prime time news program, airing since 1980) Ouke no Monshou ( Shoujo manga by Chieko Hosokawa, has been running since 1976 just like Glass Mask . Had a short video drama as well.) Parkinson (British chat show hosted by Michael Parkinson, aired on The BBC from 1971-82 and then again in 1987-88 and 1998-2004, then on ITV from 2004-07) A Prairie Home Companion (radio variety show, running since 1974 with two very similar shows running during the breaks from 1987-89 and 1989-92. Garrison Keillor has been hosting this show, but not the very similar ones that ran during its breaks) Question Time (British current affairs debate program, running since 1979) Quirks and Quarks (general-interest science program on CBC Radio since 1975) Quote Unquote, that innocuous literary quiz that appears at lunchtimes, has been on BBC Radio 4 with the same host (Nigel Rees) since 1976. Royal Canadian Air Farce (since 1973 on radio, since 1993 on TV; ended with a New Year's Eve special on December 31, 2008) Sabado Gigante started in June 1962 (as Gran Show Dominical before moving from Sunday to Saturday in 1966), Channel Hopped from Chile's Canal 13 to Univision in 1986, and from there, ran all the way up until April 17, 2015. "Don Francisco" (Mario Kreutzberger) hosted the show for its entire run. Ireland's The Late Late Show (since July 1962, has only had three regular presenters (Gay Byrne (1962-99), Pat Kenny (1999-2009), Ryan Tubridy (since 2009)). Not to be confused with the American The Late Late Show , which has "only" been running since 1995.) The James Bond film series began with Dr. No in 1962; the twenty-third film, Skyfall , was released to mark the series' fiftieth anniversary in 2012. German broadcaster ZDF 's flagship news programme heute began airing on the channel's launch date, 1 April 1963. It has occupied its current 19:00 timeslot since 1973. General Hospital (over 10,000 episodes since April 1963) Clifford the Big Red Dog (1963-present, a series of children's books, also had a brief run on TV during the early 2000s and a new movie is scheduled for 2016) The BBC pop-science programme Horizon has been running since May 1964. Match of the Day (UK football highlights and discussion show): started in August 1964, survived in various forms even during periods when highlights rights have gone to other channels, and now has a Spin-Off series (Match of the Day 2, on air since the 2004-05 season) and magazine. Since 1965, Gamera has starred in 12 films with a new one currently in the works. The Katzenjammer Kids is a comic strip that debuted December 1897, and has been published ever since, with new strips still appearing regularly today. This makes it most likely the longest-running piece of serial fiction in any medium or format. B�cassine was in continuous publication from 1905-62. The character is still used in advertising. Gasoline Alley debuted on November 25th, 1918. The original protagonist, Walt Wallet, is still alive, and is now 115 years old due to Frank King's insistence that the characters be allowed to age, even though his wife Phyllis died of old age in 2004 and his adopted son Skeezix now has ambiguous age, despite clearly being elderly. Walt is so old, in fact, that they had a story arc involving him being investigated for social security fraud, since the government just couldn't believe he could be that old. Felix the Cat is the longest-lasting animated cartoon character in history, making his debut in 1919 (and if we count an even earlier prototype short, it may even be 1917) having appeared in over 150 theatrical cartoons, decades worth of comics, hundreds of TV cartoons, two movies, and the two TV revivals The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat and Baby Felix, and he is still appearing in merchandise to this day. And he even has a new cartoon series on the way for 2013. In fact, one of the very first TV broadcasts featured Felix way back in 1928. Meow! Popeye was first introduced in 1929, in the comic strip Thimble Theater, which was later renamed after him. Olive Oyl is older still; she appeared in the strip ten years earlier in 1919. Lørdagsbarnetimen (The Saturday Children's Hour) was a weekly radio series produced by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) which aired every Saturday from December 1924 to September 2010 (apart from a forced hiatus during World War II ). The Grand Ole Opry: Airing weekly on Nashville radio station WSM-AM since 1925, with an edited version of the program being carried on national radio and television outlets since the 1940s. Radioavisen: Daily news broadcast on Danmarks Radio (DR) starting August 1, 1926. At first with two daily programs, gradually with more. Now there is a Radioavis every hour. Aired nationwide since 1927. Danmarks Radio is also responsible for Julehilsen til Grønland (Christmas greetings to Greenland), first aired in 1932 as a means for people in Denmark to send greetings to friends and family in Greenland and vice versa. Mickey Mouse is one of the world's most beloved cartoon characters. Making his debut in 1928, he has appeared in over 130 theatrical cartoons, 8 movies, hundreds of comics, 10 TV shows, and many video games. The Daily Service is a 15-minute religious programme which has aired daily on BBC Radio since 1928, making it the longest-running daily radio broadcast in British history. Hamburger Hafenkonzert (Hamburg harbor concert): Broadcast weekly on NDR in Germany since June 1929 � even through WWII. Music and the Spoken Word: Weekly broadcast of music by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir (and a short sermon), which started in 1929. Proto-Superhero The Shadow debuted in 1930 as a radio Horror Host for suspense stories, but quickly migrated to pulp novels and comic strips until 1949. Following two short-lived attempts at a Shadow television series in the '50s, the character was revived in print in 1963, and several new comic book tales were released in the decades to follow as '30s-retro miniseries, or as one-shot original accompaniments to collected reprints. Most recently, the character has appeared on film in the 1994 Alec Baldwin feature and from 2011-present in comic miniseries from Dynamite Entertainment. Pause Signal Danmarks Radio (DR). This little tune first aired on August 28, 1931 and has since been used to fill up short spaces between programs. The tune is a melody from the 1300s, the oldest known Danish folk melody. Irregular scheduling, yet frequently heard for decades. Nowadays used as regular broadcast only on one channel (P5), the tune has become waiting music on DR's telephone system, and since early 2009 the signal that calls the audience to the second half of concerts in the broadcaster's new concert hall. Hockey Night in Canada began airing on radio in November 1931 and moved to television in November 1952 (the first year of regular television broadcasts in Canada), and is the world's longest-running sports show. The Metropolitan Opera airs a radio broadcast season each year. Although going since Christmas of 1931 (and broadcast in January 1910 over experimental radio broadcasts), unlike The Guiding Light it only airs episodes during a season and is not continuous. The first "Lucha Libre" promotion in Mexico, EMLL, got started in 1933. While it later changed its name to CMLL , this was representative of its horizons expanding from "Mexico" to "Mundial", ownership and programming remained continuous and it is the longest continuously running pro wrestling promotion in history. The Brazilian obligatory 7p.m. radio news show A Voz do Brazil has been running since 1935. Mumfie the elephant , who made his debut in a children's novel in 1936, has spawned numerous books (including various reprints of the original Katherine Tozer stories), 2 TV series (soon to be three with the upcoming reboot of Magic Adventures of Mumfie, a radio play, a direct-to-video movie and numerous pieces of merchandise (most of them being stuffed animals of the main character). Statler : It's impressive that this show lasted 50 years. Waldorf: It's impressive this show lasted more than one! Both: Do-ho-ho-ho-hoh!

This American Life

What famous 1898 volunteer military unit was named after the members of Buffalo Bill's famous Wild West show?

Radio Archive by Date | This American Life By Location Where stories take place Radio Archive by Date Some people are super-stoked for the political changes that are coming. We hear from them. And others. Share Copy and paste the HTML below to embed this episode into your web page or blog. <script src="http://audio.thisamericanlife.org/widget/widget.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="this-american-life-608" class="this-american-life" style="width:540px;"></div> Width: We’ve fought two wars since 9/11. We got help from tens of thousands of Iraqis and Afghans—some were targeted or killed because they helped us. We owe these people. We’ve passed laws that say so. ... Share

i don't know

Following a year trial, Seattle resident Amanda Knox had her fate decided at the hands of an Italian jury. How did they find her?

Amanda Knox Found Guilty in Italian Murder Trial, Sentenced to 26 Years | Fox News Amanda Knox Found Guilty in Italian Murder Trial, Sentenced to 26 Years Published December 05, 2009 Facebook 0 Twitter 0 Email Print PERUGIA, Italy –  American college student Amanda Knox was found guilty of murdering her British roommate and sentenced to 26 years in prison early Saturday after a year-long trial that gripped Italy and drew intense media attention. Her co-defendant, former boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito, was convicted and sentenced to 25 years. The two also were found guilty of sexual assault in the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher, a 21-year-old student from England. LIVESHOTS: Amanda Knox’s 'Assassin's Mask' "No, no," Knox said, bursting into tears and clinging to one of her lawyers as the judge read the verdict just after midnight following some 13 hours of deliberations. Minutes later, the 22-year-old Knox, who is from Seattle, and the 25-year-old Sollecito were put in police vans with sirens blaring and driven back to jail. Prosecutors had sought life imprisonment, Italy's stiffest sentence. Courts can give less severe punishment than what prosecutors demand. The American's father, Curt Knox, asked if he would fight on for his daughter, replied, with tears in his eyes: "Hell, yes." "This is just wrong," her stepmother, Cassandra Knox, said, turning around immediately after hearing the verdict. Her family had insisted she was innocent and a victim of character assassination. The family said later in a statement they would appeal the ruling. One of Knox's attorneys, Luciano Ghirga, was asked if she was distraught. "Yes, I challenge anyone not to be," he replied. Silence fell on the packed and tense courtroom as the jurors walked in. Kercher's mother and sister cried at the verdict. "The sentence is fair and satisfactory for the family," said their lawyer, Francesco Maresca. "It was a heartfelt sentence. There is deep suffering on all sides." A juror, a woman, also looked like she was crying after the verdict. A group of local youths who gathered outside the courthouse shouted insults and "assassin!" at the Knox family as they walked in to hear the verdict. Throughout the trial, prosecutors depicted Knox as a promiscuous and manipulative she-devil whose personality clashed with her roommate's. They say Knox had grown to hate Kercher. The most intimate details of Knox's life were examined, from her lax hygiene — allegedly a point of contention with Kercher — to her sex life, even including a sex toy. "It appears clear to us that the attacks on Amanda's character in much of the media and by the prosecution had a significant impact on the judges and jurors and apparently overshadowed the lack of evidence in the prosecution's case against her," the statement said. The eight-member jury was not sequestered during the trial. Kercher's body was found in a pool of blood with her throat slit on Nov. 2, 2007, in the bedroom of the house she shared with Knox while the two were studying in the medieval town of Perugia in central Italy. Prosecutors said the Leeds University student was murdered the previous night. In Seattle, relatives and friends clasped hands as they watched the verdict on TV. "Oh God, no," her uncle, Mick Huff, cried when it was announced. Other friends buried their faces in their hands and shook their heads. "They didn't listen to the facts of the case," said Elisabeth Huff, Knox' grandmother. "All they did was listen to the media's lies." Madison Paxton, Knox's friend from the University of Washington, said: "They're convicting a made-up person ... "They they're convicting 'foxy Knoxy.' That's not Amanda." Prosecutors argued that on the night of the murder, Knox and Sollecito met at the apartment where Kercher and Knox lived. They say a fourth person was there, Rudy Hermann Guede, an Ivory Coast citizen who has been convicted in the murder and sentenced to 30 years in prison. Guede, who is appealing his conviction, says he was in the house the night of the murder but did not kill Kercher. The prosecution says Knox and Kercher started arguing, and that Knox joined the two men in brutally attacking and sexually assaulting the Briton under "the fumes of drugs and possibly alcohol." Knox said Kercher was a friend whose slaying shocked and saddened her. Defense lawyers described the American, who made the dean's list at the University of Washington, as a smart and cheerful woman, at one point even comparing her to film character Amelie, the innocent and dreamy girl in the 2001 French movie of the same title. That is the film Knox and Sollecito said they were watching at his home on the night of the murder, where they say they smoked marijuana and had sex. Knox said she went home the next morning to find the door to the house open and Kercher dead. The prosecution said a 6 1/2-inch (15.2-centimeter) knife authorities found at Sollecito's house had Kercher's DNA on the blade and Knox's on the handle. Defense lawyers said the knife was too big to match Kercher's wounds and the amount of DNA collected was too small to determine with certainty whose it was. The defense maintained there was not enough evidence for a conviction and no clear motive. However, prosecutor Manuela Comodi said violent crimes can lack a motive. "We live at a time where violence is purposeless," she told the jury. The pair also was convicted of illegally carrying a weapon — the knife — and of staging a burglary at the house where the murder occurred by breaking a window, supposedly in an effort to sidetrack the investigation. Knox also was convicted of defaming a man she had originally implicated in the case. After the murder, Knox told investigators she was home and had to cover her ears to block out Kercher's screams. She accused a Congolese man, Patrick Diya Lumumba, of the killing. Lumumba, who owns a pub in Perugia where Knox worked, was jailed briefly but was later cleared. Knox said during the trial that police pressure led her to initially accuse an innocent man. Advertisement

Guilty

In the numbering system used in baseball scorekeeping (where the pitcher is #1, shortstop #6, etc), what position is #2?

DEC. 4: UPDATE: AMANDA KNOX VERDICT at 3:00 PM TODAY | West Seattle Herald / White Center News Major fire rages through multiple apartments on Delridge Way SW Photo courtesy Janet Huff VERDICT SOON TO COME. Amanda, now 22, spent her last two birthdays in an Italian prison. The verdict to decide her fate will be read between Dec. 4 and Dec. 6. She is pictured here with her young cousin. DEC. 4: UPDATE: AMANDA KNOX VERDICT at 3:00 PM TODAY Italian TV just anounced Knox verdict to be read at 3:00 pm Seattle time By 12/04/2009 DEC. 4 UPDATE: UPDATE: The verdict of the Amanda Knox murder trial will be read at midnight in Perugia, Italy, 3:00 pm Seattle time, according to West Seattle Herald news sources in Italy. According to our sources, when the verdict is ready, jury members will inform the clerk of court, who will inform the defense at least an hour before the reading of the verdict. It is possible the jurors already know her fate. Now, Amanda is in Capanne prison. She has the right, if she wants, to be in the Courthouse at the moment of the reading. She's being informend in these moments. It is nine hours later in Perugia, Italy where attorney Luciano Ghirga, one of the lawyers on Amanda Knox's team wrapped up Knox's defense in the Italian murder trial today with an emotional appeal to the court to acquit her of charges that she murdered roommate Meredith Kercher. Today was the final day of summations in the nine-month long murder trial which is expected to produce a verdict by this Friday or Saturday. Seated in the courtroom were Knox's father Curt, her mother, Edda Mellas, and the oldest of her three younger sisters, Deanna, 20. Today Ghirga spoke of Amanda and how he has daughters just like her and has gotten to know her well over these past two years. He told the jury that she is genuine and lovable, unlike what the prosecutor has said about her. Attorney Dalla Vedova was Amanda's lawyer who spoke in court Tuesday. "The radio announcer described Vedova as a figure behaving affectionately towards Amanda, as a grandpa," said Alessandro Fino in an email to the West Seattle Herald moments ago. He is a student of physics at the Università DI Bari, a college of about 4,000 in southern Italy. He is immersed on live radio and TV broadcasts about the trial, which have been frequent this week. On Monday, well-known Italian defense attorney, Giulia Bongiorno, spoke in court on Knox's behalf, characterizing Knox as a naive young girl and not a killer. Bongiorno is a member of Italian Parliament and successfully had defended Italy's former premier Giulio Andreotti. She attacked the prosecution for their vicious characterizations of Knox. "These three attorneys have done a fantastic job, hanmmering hard on shotty police work," Janet Huff told the West Seattle Herald this afternoon. Huff is Amanda's aunt. She will remain in West Seattle for the verdict while caring for her children and nephews here. "They had her convicted before the trial started," Huff added referring to the police. "The prosecution got reamed this week, looked foolish, and made a lot of errors. It was good for us." Knox's family texts Huff from the courtroom with minute by minute updates. Immediately after Ghirga concluded, the prosecutor addressed the court. He asked to give his rebuttal right away, an unusual move. He was already scheduled for the following morning, but witnesses say he was visibly shaken. The judge allowed it. Within a few minutes of his address all the power went out in the court room and he was forced to stop. However, the power was restored about 10 minutes later, and he continued for two hours. On Dec. 4 or 5, it is expected that verdicts will be read in Meredith Kercher’s murder trial in Perugia, Italy to decide if West Seattle’s UW student will be set free to enjoy her Christmas holiday with her family back home in Arbor Heights, or remain in Capanne prison for 30 years or more. If found guilty, her defense team would appeal. In Italy, the appeal process lasts over two years and costs over one million dollars. Saturday, Nov. 28, Amanda's parents, Curt Knox and Edda Mellas, were charged with defamation by the Perugia Police department for giving an interview with a newspaper months ago recounting Amanda's statement the the police struck her head, deprived her of food and water, and refused to provide her with an English translator, As we reported here. Knox, who turned 22 on July 9, has already been in prison for two years on suspicion of sexually assaulting and murdering her British roommate Meredith Kercher Nov. 1, 2007 during the third week into her college studies there. The trial began Jan. 16 of this year. Also accused are Raffaele Sollecito, her boyfriend at the time of the murder, and Rudy Guede, who was already found guilty of the murder and is serving his sentence. Closing arguments were being made by Sollecito's lawyer Nov. 28. Knox's lawyers will make their closing arguments Dec. 1 and 2. On Friday, Nov. 20, Perugia prosecutor Giuliano Mignini gave a seven-hour closing argument claiming Knox’s motivation to stab Ms. Kercher to death was personal animosity toward her roommate of three weeks. The following day in court the prosecutor also showed a movie graphically depicting a computer generated Amanda killing a computer generated Meredith. The animation would stop and a gory still photo of Ms. Kercher would be inserted. He “demanded” that Knox be sent to jail for life. "The prosecutor's final presentation, which included a computer animated movie showing Knox murdering her roommate, is as imaginary and fantastical as the case against Knox," said author Maine-based author Douglas Preston, who has been closely following the case. His best-selling book "Monster of Florence" describes his own entanglement with Knox's prosecutors on a different murder case, this one involving a serial killer who struck between the 1960's-1980s. In his book, now in production as a movie starring Tom Cruise, Preston experienced threats during his interrogation received by the prosecutor as his findings of who the "monster" was contradicted the prosecutor's findings. "If the jury and judges reach a verdict based on facts only, she would have to be acquitted," Preston added. "Public opinion in Italy has been utterly poisoned against her. If she is convicted there will be, I am afraid, a tragic miscarriage of justice." Knox has testified that she was visiting Sollecito the evening of the murder and arrived home the following morning to find police on the scene. Her defense team and independent investigators have stated that some of the stab wounds they studied on a recent autopsy of Ms. Kercher did not match the knife the prosecutor claims was the murder weapon. Knox, her family, and defense team has stated that she was friendly toward Ms. Kercher and that no friction between the two existed. Amanda’s family agreed to share some thoughts with the West Seattle Herald as the verdict nears. “Amanda and Meredith were very friendly,” said Janet Huff, Knox’s aunt. “Just two days before (the murder) they attended the Chocolate Festival together and had been out together to local pubs. There were quite a few photos of the two of them together in the days before her murder on Amanda's computer. Too bad the Italian police completely fried it when trying to get into it and were not able to retrieve a single thing. “We’re terrified and hopeful at the same time,” added Huff. “Things have been nuts this whole time,” she said, referring to the two-year ordeal of her niece. “I feel hopeful if the ruling is based on the evidence only. For logical people that’s what they’ll do. Our stomachs are in knots all the time.” Another motive, money, has been brought up in court. Guede claimed that Knox fought Ms. Kercher to steal $200. However, both Knox’s father and Huff said Amanda had enough money in her bank account and a theft of $200 would have been unnecessary. “Amanda had a good amount of savings in her bank account from her three jobs she worked before she left, so why would she go after a brand new roommate for a couple hundred dollars that she did not need,” Huff said. Knox’s case has been grueling for her, and for her sisters, parents, extended family, friends and supporters. Most of her family will be present at the trial. That includes her father and stepmother, Curt and Cassandra Knox, her mother and stepfather, Edda and Chris Mellas, her sisters Deanna, Ashley, and Delaney, and her aunt, Christina Hagge. Some will have arrived Thanksgiving weekend in time to hear closing arguments from the defense teams of Amanda and Raffaele. Her aunt and uncle, Janet and Mick Huff, her uncle, Kevin Hagge, and her grandmother, Elizabeth, or “Oma,” will stay home and watch Amanda’s cousins. Janet expects to field media requests for family statements. “I’m feeling pretty good from the perspective of the verdict, assuming they are only listening to what has been presented as evidence,” said Curt. “There’s been so much misreporting from the press during this long, eight-month trial. I’m still uncomfortable the jury will remember this.” The jury consists of six citizens and two judges. Curt refers to Italy’s system that allows jurors to return home at night from the courtroom and go to work during the week. This gives the jurors the opportunity to read the tabloids and watch TV entertainment news that may be prone to sensationalize the court case and influence their opinion based on titillating reporting. “It’s been a very long journey and I’m hoping that they get it right and we can bring her home,” said Curt, who is unemployed and was part of Macy’s huge corporate lay-off a year and a half ago. While some have perceived Amanda’s father on TV news interviews as calm and unruffled, he acknowledged another side of himself. “Of course I feel as emotional about my daughter’s trial as the others in our family,” he said. “I just may hide them better than other people do. People might not think I wear my heart on my sleeve, but it’s there.” “She’ll have quite a support group over there,” said her aunt, Christina Hagge. “The stress is getting me a little more emotional as the verdict is getting close. It certainly brings sleepless nights. “It would be nice to be with my husband and kids sitting around the table for Thanksgiving, but supporting Amanda is what really matters,” added Hagge. “And we’ll be a little more thankful when this comes to a close.” We encourage our readers to comment. No registration is required. We ask that you keep your comments free of profanity and keep them civil. They are moderated and objectionable comments will be removed.

i don't know

Who is missing: Benjamin Franklin, Ulysses S. Grant, Andrew Jackson, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln?

Abraham Lincoln & Benjamin Franklin - First thoughts about Abraham Lincoln & Benjamin Franklin Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States , serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization. Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States . 5.0/5 Abraham Lincoln Benjamin Franklin George Washington Thomas Jefferson Andrew Jackson Alexander Hamilton Ulysses S. Grant Andrew Lincoln United States Martin Luther King Thomas Edison Republican Party Ulysses Grant Legislative Assembly Bharat Ratna Magsaysay Award 28 Aug 2015     00:35 If the quotation is attributed to Albert Einstein , Mark Twain , Benjamin Franklin, or Abraham Lincoln it is almost certain false. 29 Mar 2015     10:57 I only have four boyfriends: Benjamin Franklin, George Washington , Andrew Jackson , and Abraham Lincoln. 07 Feb 2015     00:52 I was thinking more Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, and Abigail Adams Riley-Weldon. But we can discuss 26 Jan 2015     04:21 I need Abraham Lincoln and Benjamin Franklin .. A bunch of Hamilton's and Andrew Jackson s can fw it too .. That's a dream . 22 Nov 2014     13:22 No. Name About him Important Personalities 1. Abraham Lincoln (1809-'65) Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the U.S.A. from 1861 to 1865 and was returned from the Republican Party . He opposed slavery and was a great champion of democracy. He was assassinated in 1865. 2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Franklin was a famous American philosopher and statesman who actively helped in promoting the declaration of independence. 3. Acharya Vinoba Bhave Born 11 September, 1895 in Gujrat. He was educated at Baroda.Met Gandhiji and joined Sabarmati Ashram in 1916.He was originator of Bhoodan yagna Movement.He received Magsaysay Award in 1969. He received Bharat Ratna award in 1983. 4. C.N.Annadurai Was the founding father of Dravida Munnetra Kazhakam (DMK), a political party of South India.DMK obtained absolute majority in the Tamil nadu Legislative Assembly at the elections of 1967 and 1971. 5. Horgovind Khurana Has become famous in carrying out research work in the U.S.A. He was awarded Nobel Prize in 1968 i ... 17 Oct 2014     06:06 I always kind of shrug inside when I tell people that I was a mailman. But, it turns out that these people also worked for the postal service: Walt Disney , Charles Bukowski , William Faulkner , Abraham Lincoln, Harry S. Truman , William Mckinley , Benjamin Franklin, Will Hays, Sherman Hemsley , Charles Lindbergh . . . 15 Oct 2014     13:30 Shout out to that 5th week in a month when you have to pay that extra Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson , and Abraham Lincoln. But I love my home care provider Happy Wednesday Boogies!!! 07 Oct 2014     03:06 Only *** you should be tryna be friends w/ is Benjamin Franklin , Thomas Edison , Abraham Lincoln & George Washington . 16 Sep 2014     21:33 George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , John Adams , Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln are church of Philadelphia 16 Aug 2014     11:01 With faces such as Abraham Lincoln and Benjamin Franklin, it might not be a big surprise to soon see Rosa Parks grace the canvas of banknotes. 09 Jun 2014     13:40 To all my barbies out there who date Benjamin Franklin, George Washing, Abraham Lincoln, you’ll be better off in life. Get that money.🎀💸💗💰 02 Jun 2014     02:32 From Pastor Ken's Notebook To Yours: (From the "Got Time for a Little Chuckle?" Department) History Rewritten... True lies written by 6th Graders on their history exams. Abraham Lincoln was America's greatest precedent. Lincoln's mother died in infancy, and he was born in a log cabin which he built with his own hands. Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves by signing the Emasculation Proclamation . On the night of April 14, 1865, Lincoln went to the theater and got shot in his seat by one of the actors in the moving picture show. They believe the assinator was John Wilkes Booth , a suposingly insane actor. This ruined Booth's career. Delegates from the original 13 states formed the Contented Congress. Thomas Jefferson , a virgin, and Benjamin Franklin were to 2 singers of the Declaration of Independence. Franklin discovered electricity by rubbing two cats backward and declared, "a horse divided against itself can not stand." Franklin died in 1790 and is still dead. The greatest writer of the Renaissance was Will ... 26 May 2014     17:12 In 2005 there was a TV series entitled "The Greatest American". The American public voted on 100 great Americans selected by a panel of experts. This was the final result (Top 10): 1. Ronald Reagan 2.Abraham Lincoln 3. Martin Luther King , Jr. 4. George Washington 5.Benjamin Franklin 6. George W. Bush 7. Bill Clinton 8. Elvis Presley 9. Oprah Winfrey 10. Franklin D. Roosevelt If there is one person you could vote off the list, who would it be? 19 May 2014     12:00 Who are the true Ascended Masters of the I.I.A.? In the late 18th century, Karl von Eckartshausen, a Christian mystic, describes the true Adepts of the Rose Cross in the following terms: "These sages, whose number is small, are children of light, and are opposed to darkness. They dislike mystification and secrecy; they are open and frank, have nothing to do with secret societies and with external ceremonies. They possess a spiritual temple, in which God is presiding". Later, in the early 20th century, Max Heindel, a Rosicrucian Initiate, emphasizes that the roots of the Brothers of the Rose Cross, immersed in the western mystery tradition, are almost impossible to be traced as "theirs is a work which aims to encourage the evolution of humanity, they have labored far back into antiquity--under one guise or another". Famous Rosicrucian Initiates... George Washington , Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, Marquis de LaFayette Thomas Paine Arnold Krumm-Heller George Clymer Ethan Allen Hitchcock John Brown Willi ... 04 May 2014     16:10 As a small kid, maybe I was 6 or 7, in a time where there was no Google or even internet or a PC at home, in a time when I should have been reading Child Craft, I was fascinated by those big fat books that my elder brother, 8 years elder to me, would read, the World Book Encyclopedia . I quit reading Child Craft soon and switched to those big fat books. I would read about all the Presidents of America, still remember Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of United States . I read about Oliver Cromwell , Benjamin Franklin, Lawrence of Arabia among the many other countless men who made an impact to society and did much more than live an ordinary existence, like mine. There was this one man I still remember, William Wallace , the article on him was very very inspiring. I am talking about reading this almost 24 years back. Today, I saw Braveheart, not sure how this movie eluded me for 19 years! Great depiction of William Wallace , although historically a little inaccurate. Mel Gibson has done an amazing job as a d ... 17 Apr 2014     04:23 RETHINK 15 Poverty does not produce poverty. It's only poverty mentality that produces poverty. Your father's failure or poverty is not a gift of failure or poverty to you. Where you are coming from is not your problem. Abraham Lincoln was born in a farm one room cabin house. Benjamin Franklin had two years of schooling and dropped out at age 10 and yet, he was one of the American founding fathers, began first subscription library and founder of Pennsyvania university. Sam Walton started Wal-mart with $2000 he borrowed from his father in-law and $500 of his. Every great man scaled a fence. Your future can never be made by your pocket. Give that responsibility to your mind. No amount of money in your pocket will be superior to your mentality. The prodigal son ignored his mind and his pocket lost everything inside it. Until he came back to his mentality, he never knew his way back home. Start thinking and stop blaming. The mind is the king that rules our destiny. God has something in there for you.-'As a ma ... 15 Apr 2014     12:31 Natalie lost a tooth last night. She just came into me and said. "Mommy the tooth fairy only had $5.00 but it's ok, I like the Abraham Lincoln the 16th president of the United States . I just really wanted to see what Benjamin Franklin looks like under my pillow." OMG I LOVE LOVE LOVE HER! 04 Apr 2014     10:31 NEW RELEASE - Four Great Americans by Baldwin - Learn more about George Washington , Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin and Daniel Webster 10 Mar 2014     09:30 Today In History March 10th 0049 BC - Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon and invaded Italy. 1496 - Christopher Columbus concluded his second visit to the Western Hemisphere when he left Hispaniola for Spain. 1629 - England's King Charles I dissolved Parliament and did not call it back for 11 years. 1656 - In the American colony of Virginia, suffrage was extended to all free men regardless of their religion. 1776 - " Common Sense " by Thomas Paine was published. 1785 - Thomas Jefferson was appointed minister to France. He succeeded Benjamin Franklin. 1792 - John Stone patented the pile driver. 1804 - The formal ceremonies transferring the Louisiana Purchase from France to the U.S. took place in St. Louis. 1806 - The Dutch in Cape Town , South Africa surrendered to the British. 1814 - In France, Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by a combined Allied Army at the battle of Laon. 1848 - The U.S. Senate ratified the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , which ended the war with Mexico. 1849 - Abraham Lincoln applied for a pat ... 27 Feb 2014     16:08 ~FJW~ May I add social media to this list? “Shakespeare, Leonardo Da Vinci , Benjamin Franklin and Abraham Lincoln never saw a movie, heard a radio or looked at television. They had 'Loneliness' and knew what to do with it. They were not afraid of being lonely because they knew that was when the creative mood in them would work.” ― Carl Sandburg 26 Feb 2014     21:18 George Washington ’s Birthday - February 22, 1732.History teaches us that there are very few indispensable men, men with the character and power and dignity to mold and shape events rather than being molded by them. Washington was such a man and, in reverent thanks for all he accomplished, the nation used to set aside his birthday as a national holiday. It�= �s time to revive that tradition. It’s time once again to acknowledge the holiday as a day upon which we can remember and reflect all that Washington did to secure what Abraham Lincoln later called, “a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” The intellectual movement that made America possible included some of the finest political and legal minds the nation has ever produced, Benjamin Franklin, Patrick Henry , George Mason , John Adams , Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine among them. It was Washington alone, however, who had the character and fortitude and experience to lead an army in ... 12 Feb 2014     16:46 Folks are usually about as happy as they make their minds up to be Abraham Lincoln American President Abraham Lincoln's (born February 12, 1809) favorite childhood books included: Aesop's Fables, Robinson Crusoe , and Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Like this quote on Goodreads 11 Feb 2014     12:46 **Events - February 11 1752 - Through the efforts of Benjamin Franklin, the Pennsylvania Hospital opened. It was the very first hospital in America. 1808 - Judge Jesse Fell experimented by burning anthracite coal to keep his house warm on this winter day in Wilkes-Barre, PA. He successfully showed how clean the coal burned and how cheaply it could be used as a heating fuel. As a result, that area of northeast Pennsylvania became an important coal mining area for generations. Those who settled in the area to work the coal mines were referred to as ‘coal *** ��. 1861 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln and his wife left Springfield, IL by train for Washington, DC (and their new gigs as president and first lady). About 400 miles into the trip, Mary Lincoln reportedly turned to the new President and said, "Did you lock the back door, Abe?" and "I think I left my makeup bag on the counter..." (Verification of some of these facts is pending.) 1916 - The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra presented its first conc ... 11 Feb 2014     03:00 My dad's Bio Commissioner Frank Avila): Commissioner M. Frank Avila was born and raised in Chicago and has lived in Chicago his whole life except for part of his undergraduate college years at the University of Illinois and graduate school at the University of Arizona where he earned a Masters of Science in Finance. Commissioner Avila is a spiritual man who tries to make God first in his life. Commissioner Avila reads the Bible with his wife Sherry on a daily basis. Commissioner Avila also likes to read and reflect on the writings of Plato, Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln and Jose Vasconcelos. Commissioner Avila's top temporal priority is his family. Commissioner Avila has been married to the first and only woman for almost 44 years--his wife educator Sharilyn Kay "Sherry" Avila (nee Hooste) has been his partner and supporter for almost a half a century. Frank and Sherry have 3 children: Frank a lawyer and CPT in the US Army, Quinn a Cisco Rotor Engineer and Microsoft Networker, and A ... 02 Feb 2014     19:43 Somebody tried telling me one person cant make a difference. Here is a list of people who made a difference, so don't tell me I can't. Abraham Lincoln - Abraham Lincoln overcame many setbacks to become the most influential American President . In his famous Gettysburg speech, he inspired the nation with his noble words and helped to bring about the abolishment of slavery. people Benjamin Franklin. Great polymath and promoter of American ideals at home and in the US. A practical man of great dynamism and good character. Mikhail Gorbachev . Had the courage, tenacity and strength of character to give up the absolute power of Soviet Communism. Moved the Soviet Union to democracy and respect for human rights. Gorbachev enabled the Berlin Wall to come down giving freedom to Eastern Europe . Jesus Christ . Prophet and inspiration of Christianity. Taught a message of love, forgiveness and faith. Born in a turbulent period of Roman rule, after his crucifixion, his message inspired millions around the world. William Wi ... 30 Jan 2014     01:44 "How many famous, rich, and successful high school and college dropouts besides Winston Churchill , Benjamin Franklin, Bill Gates , Steve Jobs , Patrick Henry , Abraham Lincoln and Mark Zuckerberg will it take to debunk" the myth that college is the only road to success? 27 Jan 2014     12:25 "Someday" is no day. "Someday" is not on any calendar Every1 makes plans for "someday" but the fact remains that "someday" never come. So, "never put off until until tomorrow what u can do today." By Abraham Lincoln Becos "Do u love life. ? Then do not squander time, for that is the stuff that life is made of." by Benjamin Franklin 23 Jan 2014     12:54 "He can compress the most words into the smallest idea of any man I know." - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) "Don't let it end like this. Tell them I said something." - last words of Pancho Villa (1877-1923) "The right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins." - Oliver Wendell Holmes (1841-1935) "The difference between fiction and reality? Fiction has to make sense." - Tom Clancy "It's not the size of the dog in the fight, it's the size of the fight in the dog." - Mark Twain (1835-1910) "It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both." - Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), "The Prince" "Whatever is begun in anger ends in shame." - Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) "The President has kept all of the promises he intended to keep." - Clinton aide George Stephanopolous speaking on Larry King Live "We're going to turn this team around 360 degrees." - Jason Kidd , upon his drafting to the Dallas Mavericks "Half this game is ninety percent mental." - Yogi Berra "There is only one nature - the di ... 18 Jan 2014     16:20 We all know that the Declaration of Independence was adopted in Philadelphia, that Abraham Lincoln was tall, and that John F. Kennedy Jr . said, Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country. But there are literally thousands of great American-history facts that we don’t know about . Here’s a grab bag of twenty: 1. The shortest inaugural address in U.S. history -- 135 words -- was given in 1793 by George Washington . His dentures hurt, and he wanted to get it over with. 2. George Washington was also quite an alcohol manufacturer. In 1798 alone, he produced 11,000 gallons of whiskey. 3. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark , the great explorers of the Northwest, gave President Thomas Jefferson two bear cubs. Jefferson kept his new pets on the South Lawn of the White House . 4. Benjamin Franklin invented the lightning rod, but he didn’t stop there. He’s also credited for the urinary catheter. 5. Abigail Adams , foreshadowing later feminists like Susan B. Anthony , tartly r . ... 15 Jan 2014     01:51 Everytime I go to work my coworkers look like benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln , Ulysses Grant & sooo on !! 17 Dec 2013     16:13 Humility does not mean thinking less of yourself than of other people, nor does it mean having a low opinion of your own gifts.  It means freedom from thinking about yourself at all.  ~ William Temple     Swallow your pride occasionally, it's non-fattening!  ~ Author Unknown     It is well to remember that the entire population of the universe, with one trifling exception, is composed of others.  ~Andrew J. Holmes, Wisdom in Small Doses     What kills a skunk is the publicity it gives itself.  ~Abraham Lincoln     A man wrapped up in himself makes a very small bundle.  ~Benjamin Franklin     Most of us retain enough of the theological attitude to think that we are little gods.  ~ Oliver Wendell Holmes , Jr.     It wasn't until late in life that I discovered how easy it is to say "I don't know."  ~W.  Somerset Maugham     Humility is to make a right estimate of one's self.  ~ Charles Haddon Spurgeon     If I only had a little humility, I would be perfect.  ~ Ted Turner     There are ... 15 Nov 2013     21:43 Freedom of speech Throughout American history, it is fairly easy to identify those who have acted as catalysts in social, political, or economic change. History books highlight and praise the likes of George Washington , Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King , Jr., Franklin Delano Roosevelt , and Woodrow Wilson . They all share two significant characteristics the pursuit to better their country and the bravery to stand up for what they thought was right. Without their bravery and the freedom to act on it, it is questionable whether America's courageous figures would have accomplished all that they did. For that reason, the American citizens' right to the freedom of speech makes their lives and their posterity's lives better. Freedom of speech not only allows for change, but it encourages freethinking and the open exchange of ideas. It fosters healthy debate, active participation in government, and reform when needed. By being able to discuss suspected problems and trying to work towards a sol ... 16 Oct 2013     19:15 I'm currently reading the book "Riches Within Your Reach" by Robert Collier . He has this question in the prologue: Why is it that most of the great men of the world, most of the usually successful men, started life under a handicap? Then he enumerated them: Demosthenes - the greatest orator the ancient world produced, stuttered! Julius Caesar - epileptic. Napoleon - was of humble parentage, and so poor that it was with the greatest difficulty that he got his appointment to the Military Academy . Far from being a born genius, he stood forty-sixth in his class at the Military Academy . And there were only sixty-five in the class. His shortness of stature and extreme poverty discouraged him to such an extent that in his early letters to friends, he frequently referred to thoughts of suicide. Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson and a number of US Presidents started life in the poorest and humblest of homes, with little education and no advantages. Thomas Edison - was a newsboy on trains. Andrew C ... 07 Oct 2013     01:43 part 2 WHO DO YOU THINK PULLS THE STRINGS OF THE PUPPET POLITIANS AND THOSE THAT ARE IN CHARGE OF VARIOUS MAJOR INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS ? we all need to know the facts. The Federal Reserve Cartel: Part II: The Freemason BUS & The House of Rothschild August 3, 2013 — Dean Henderson Fabulous "sea" horses and mermaids with baby mantatees. Trang, Thailand.(Part two of a five-part series excerpted from Chapter 19: The Eight Families: Big Oil & Their Bankers…) In 1789 Alexander Hamilton became the first Treasury Secretary of the United States . Hamilton was one of many Founding Fathers who were Freemasons. He had close relations with the Rothschild family which owns the Bank of England and leads the European Freemason movement. George Washington , Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Ethan Allen , Samuel Adams , Patrick Henry , John Brown and Roger Sherman were all Masons. Roger Livingston helped Sherman and Franklin write the Declaration of Independence. He gave George Washington his oaths of office while he was ... 29 Sep 2013     08:21 I love money. I love currensy. I love Franklin Roosevelt on the dime. John F Kennedy on the half-dollar. Susan Anthony on the silver dollar. Sacagawea on the golden dollar. George Wasington on the $1 dollar bill. Thomas Jefferson on the $2 dollar bill. Abraham Lincoln on the $5. Alexander Hamilton on the $10. Andrew Jackson on the $20. Ulysses Grant on the $50. Benjamin Franklin on the $100 bill. William Mckinley on the $500 dollar bill. Grover Cleveland on the $1000 bill, James Mafison on the $5000 dollar bill. Salmon Chase on the $10,000 dollar bill. & Woodrow Wilson on the $100,000 bill. Call me a *** IDGAF I love all them *** 06 Jul 2013     12:35 The History of the Self- Made Man . In his rise from being the son of a candle maker to a legend among men, Benjamin Franklin became America’s original self- Made Man . Abraham Lincoln likewise captured the public imagination when he made the improbable leap from lowly log-cabin to the White House . Yet the concept really took hold in American culture during the post Civil-War period. The so-called Second Industrial Revolution was in full swing, new inventions quickly made men rich and famous, and factories sprung from the ground, seemingly overnight. While a young man’s destiny had formerly been laid out for him practically at birth (he would follow his father into the family business) the possibility now existed to leave hearth and home and strike out for one’s individual success. For the young man who was willing to work hard and get ahead, the nation seemed to offer innumerable opportunities to strike it rich. Inspired by real examples like Andrew Carnegie and the fictional heroes of Horatio Alger’ ... 04 Jul 2013     16:10 Are there any fellow Deists out there? You just may be a Deist and not even know it... I am. Deists believe God exists, created and governs the universe and that God gave humans the ability to reason. Deists also reject of all religions based on books that claim to contain the revealed word of God, of all religious dogma and demagogy and reject of reports of miracles, prophecies and religious "mysteries". Deists believe that God does not meddle in the everyday lives of human beings. Praying for an "A" on a school exam does not do any good but studying more will do a better job of increasing your score. Deists do not deny that there was a person called Jesus, and praised him for his benevolent teachings, but they flatly denied his divinity. If you are a Deist, you would be in good company. George Washington , Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine , Ethan Allen , and the 18th century economist Adam Smith were all Deists. 01 Jul 2013     03:49 A shorter , simpler, revised version of "Independence Day"Independence Day Would slavery still exist if Abraham Lincoln had never been born? Would America have even “gained its’ independence” to end slavery if George Washington , or Paul Revere , or one of the two other men, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott , who rode with Revere that night to help announce, “The British Are Coming!” had never been born? It was three God had purposed to ride. It was not two nor one as history indicates that Paul Revere rode alone, but it took three to send out a successful call to arms. Would we have electricity or the light bulb had Thomas Edison or Benjamin Franklin not been born, and would we still be riding horse drawn carriages if Henry Ford not been born? Referring to I Cor.12:28 God “had” a calling and a purpose for every person, apostles, prophet,-“preachers”, teacher, healings-”nurses and doctor”, helps-“social worker”, governments-“elected officials”, diversities of tongues- “transl ... 24 Jun 2013     03:29 The Bean got ' Assassins Creed ' for her birthday. She dashed in after playing it awhile, "OMG, I just shot Lincoln!" Me: You shot Lincoln? Abraham Lincoln?" Bean: "President Lincoln." Me: "Are you a bad guy?" Bean, insulted: "No, I'm on the side of good. Lincoln is on the side of bad." Then before bed, Bean: I just met Benjamin Franklin. Boy, is he young. His face isn't even fat yet." 15 Jun 2013     17:11 6. Who is considered to be The Father of the United States ? a. Thomas Edison b. Abraham Lincoln c. Benjamin Franklin d. George Washington 09 Jun 2013     19:44 all my friends are on paper. George Washington , Thomas Jefferson , Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Jackson , Benjamin Franklin & Alexander Hamilton 21 May 2013     02:31 Prophet generations are born near the end of a Crisis, during a time of rejuvenated community life and consensus around a new societal order. Prophets grow up as the increasingly indulged children of this post-Crisis era, come of age as self-absorbed young crusaders of an Awakening, focus on morals and principles in midlife, and emerge as elders guiding another Crisis.[44] Due to their location in history, such generations tend to be remembered for their coming-of-age fervor and their values-oriented elder leadership. Their main societal contributions are in the area of vision, values, and religion. Their best-known historical leaders include John Winthrop , William Berkeley, Samuel Adams , Benjamin Franklin, James Polk , Abraham Lincoln, Herbert Hoover , and Franklin Roosevelt. These people were principled moralists who waged idealistic wars and incited others to sacrifice. Few of them fought themselves in decisive wars, and they are remembered more for their inspiring words than for great actions. (Example ... 11 May 2013     13:20 Thomas Jefferson , Leonardo Da Vinci , Benjamin Franklin, and Jose Rizal , were polyglots and polymaths [super geniuses] who revered reason and believed in God. Aristotle, whose ideas & achievements continue to carry the world, & Thomas Aquinas , who ended the Middle Ages & ushered in the Renaissance, were reason-giants who believed in God. Galileo, a glorious man of science who was satan-ed by the church believed in God. Paine believed in God and loathed the bible. John Locke , George Washington , James Madison , Abraham Lincoln, Mark Twain , & Charles Darwin were deists. 05 May 2013     07:33 I need therapy. My best friends always seem to leave me: Benjamin Franklin, Ulysses S. Grant , Andrew Jackson , Alexander Hamilton , Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson , and George Washington . Sometimes they come back but then they leave again. :-( 29 Apr 2013     04:56 I love Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson , Alexander Hamilton , oh Abraham Lincoln can get it to lol 29 Apr 2013     00:27 All I need in my life is George Washington , Abraham Lincoln, Alexander Hamilton , Andrew Jackson , Ulysses S Grant , and Benjamin Franklin. 💵💰💸 11 Mar 2013     17:31 Andrew Jackson ,Benjamin Franklin, Ulysses S. Grant , Alexander Hamilton , Abraham Lincoln, George Washington . My favorite men they keep me going all about my money. 05 Mar 2013     23:50 Great Quotes from Great Leaders: Special Edition by Peggy Anderson 1. "Well done is better than well said." Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) 2. "A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to put its pants on." Winston Churchill (1874-1965) 3. "Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless." Mother Teresa (1910-1997) 4. "Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth." George Washington (1732-1799) 5. "The time is always right to do what is right." Martin Luther King , Jr. (1929-1968) 6. "All the adversity I've had in my life, has strengthened me. You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you." Walt Disney (1901-1966) 7. "Leave nothing for tomorrow which can be done today." Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) 8. "The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack of will." Vince Lombardi (1913-1970) 9. "It is bette ... 03 Mar 2013     23:28 Positive Thoughts for the Day: In many ways, our limitations are self-inflicted. We are capable of so much more than we give ourselves credit for, especially when God is involved in whatever we are doing. Take a minute and consider someone you know of who had humble beginnings. I can think of MANY! Benjamin Franklin, Margaret Thatcher , Rosa Parks , Frederick Douglas , Abraham Lincoln, Harriet Tubman , Dr. Benjamin Carson , Mother Theresa , and, of course, Jesus as well as his parents! The success of these people is not measured in their material wealth but in what they accomplished despite the odds. You do not have to be born with a silver spoon in your mouth to be intended for great things. You do not have to be young. Many people do not realize their full potential until much later in life. So give yourself some credit, and know that you have a purpose. It may not be as large as those listed above, but we all have the ability to succeed. You just have to ALLOW yourself to succeed! 28 Feb 2013     09:33 I can't stop imagining hw lng people ll continue to refer to names like- Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Nelson Mandela , Obafemi Awolowo , Nnamdi Azikwe , Isaac Newton , Thomas Edison nd William Bill Gates , etc. You. Wil agree wit me that d most common factor amongst theses people s dat d mention of their names alone connote d same massage of success to generation to come. Obviously, these people who were born lyk U nd I nt only affected their own generations but they av continued to affected more generations even after their death 4 centuries It s even more interesting to know dat some of dem came 4rm more difficult nd rough background den some of us, so what excuse do we hav abt our life? 16 Feb 2013     18:55 We're about to open the cash drawing period! Spend $50 and draw for "presidents!!" Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson , Abraham Lincoln, George Washington !! 13 Feb 2013     19:19 Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln and Winston Churchill promoted the freedom of the press. Hacked Off opposes it. I know which side I'm on. 12 Feb 2013     00:14 TODAY IN HISTORY February 11th is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 323 days remaining until the end of the year (324 in leap years). 1531 – Henry VIII is recognized as supreme head of the Church of England. 1752 – Pennsylvania Hospital , the first hospital in the United States , is opened by Benjamin Franklin. 1790 – The Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers, petitions U.S. Congress for abolition of slavery. 1794 – First session of United States Senate open to the public. 1808 – Jesse Fell burns anthracite on an open grate as an experiment in heating homes with coal. 1858 - In southern France, Marie-Bernarde Soubirous, a 14-year-old French peasant girl, first claims to have seen the Virgin Mary , the mother of Jesus Christ and a central figure in the Roman Catholic religion. 1861 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln leaves home in Springfield, Illinois, and embarks on his journey to Washington, D.C. 1861 – American Civil War : United States House of Represen ... 10 Feb 2013     17:06 Charles Darwin - Came up with the theory of Evolution Charles Dickens - Author of so many wonderful novels Emily Dickenson - Poet Pythagoras - came up with one of the most fundamental mathematical theorems ("The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the square of the other two sides") Lord Byron - Poet Tycho Brahe - astronomer Michaelangelo - Painter Alexander Graham Bell - made the telephone Thomas Edison - guy who made the light bulb Einstein - need i explain who this is? Michael Faraday - Scientist Leonardo Da Vinci - Artist Pablo Picasso - Artist Isaac Newton - founder of the concept of gravity Benjamin Franklin - founder of electricity Abraham Lincoln - American President Cleopatra - Egyptian Pharoah Shakespeare - writer Beethoven - composer Mozart - composer What do you notice about this list? ALL people who have made a significant contribution to our society. ALL people who were considered geniuses in their fields. ALL people who are currently highly respected and love ... 04 Feb 2013     20:22 The best way to try to become a better man is to imitate values, teachings, and morals that were important to your own personal inspirational heroes. The six historically inspirational men I have been studying recently include: Jesus Christ , Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt, Alvin C. York , and Plato. When I read about the lives of these men I can see important characteristics that every person should try to retain and live by. 25 Jan 2013     14:32 THE EAGLE HAS LANDED! Excuse me Miss. I'm here to pick up the Benjamin Franklin family.hmmm Sorry nobody by that name here. There is the the Andrew Jackson brothers, the Abraham Lincoln and George Washington families. 24 Jan 2013     01:52 I like... Being an American. I like... Belonging as a citizen to this great nation; the leader of the free world I like... The concept and framework put into effect almost 237 years ago. I like... Our rich heritage, and that liberty was secured by opposing tyranny and oppression. I like... Benjamin Franklin; Thomas Jefferson ; Abraham Lincoln; and Ronald Reagan I like... a Democratic Republic . I like... checks and balances. I like... honesty, values, and integrity. I like... small government, smaller taxes, and efficiency. I like... to get paid for my efforts. I like... the freedome to choose what my efforts will be each day. I like... We The people. I like... In God We Trust I like... the pledge of allegiance I like... ONE nation under God I like... a strong military I like... the Second Amendment I like... the concept of indivisible I like... that when we don't get it right the first time, given proper leadership that the nation eventually will. I like... that we have a president rather than a king. and ... 18 Jan 2013     04:59 Southern folks are patient and hopeful and in spite of the USA genocide committed against their ancestors they have maintained a great deal of self-control while preparing steadily for the a rebirth of USA violence against them and their culture. Southern people whose presence remains disproportionate in the various USA military forces are still able to recognize political monsters when they see one.    Obama, Biden, DemoNazis, and Judeo-Neocon Republican hinchmen and even many PC Southern Congressmen simply do not understand Southern thinking and culture, because it is still in the Southern States where there is still hope for western Christian civilization, and where the names Karl Marx , Pol Pot , Fidel Castro , Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, Friedrich Engels , Moses Hess, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , Ulysses S. Grant , Abraham Lincoln, William Tecumseh Sherman , Philip Henry Shridan, Benjamin Franklin (Butcher) Butler, Franklin D. Roosevelt , John F. Kennedy and Barack Hussein Obama II ARE NOT heros but are seen ... 16 Jan 2013     09:21 Today, I am embarrrassed and ashamed to call myself a New Yorker . Employing tactics to circumvent any input by the general public, the New York State Legislature and Gov Aldoph Cuomo have enacted a bill that shreds the Constitional rights of every citizen in this state. "Those Who Sacrifice Liberty For Security Deserve Neither" - Benjamin Franklin. Particularly if the "security" purchased at the expense of liberty is nothing more than smoke and mirrors. The NY SAFE Act will not reduce violent crime, nor will it curb gun violence. It will not protect our children at school, or the common citizen who faces violent assault, home invasion, or any other manner of molestation by criminals. Just as all the other gun control policies in this state over the past several decades have completely failed. Just as draconian gun regulation in NYC has completeely failed. "Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people." -Abraham Lincoln. Today in New York State , it was none of these thi ... 15 Jan 2013     21:03 FAMOUS ATHEISTS! Among the atheists, I'll also include other freethinkers such as deists and agnostics: Benjamin Franklin -- American Founding Father "I have found Christian dogma unintelligible. Early in life, I absenteed myself from Christian assemblies." "Lighthouses are more helpful than churches." John Adams -- U.S. President & Founding Father "Where do we find a precept in the Bible for Creeds, Confessions, Doctrines and Oaths, and whole carloads of other trumpery that we find religion encumbered with in these days?" "The divinity of Jesus is made a convenient cover for absurdity." "This would be the best of all possible worlds, if there were no religion in it." Abraham Lincoln -- American President (1809-1865) "The Bible is not my book nor Christianity my profession. I could never give assent to the long, complicated statements of Christian dogma." Aldous Huxley -- author " Brave New World " "You never see animals going through the absurd and often horrible fooleries of magic and religion. Only man b ... 15 Jan 2013     12:59 Dem *** name Andrew Jackson , George Washington , Abraham Lincoln, and Benjamin Franklin make u do shyt u really don't want to do Str8 Up 11 Jan 2013     20:05 Thank you to Vanessa Harrison Stirewalt for posting this list, I am now passing it on. It's good to know we who have Asperger's/high-functioning autism spectrum disorder can rest assured we are capable, not to mention awesome, and always will be, as all these people are/were... A list of famous people that are believed to have had, or have been confirmed to have had, Asperger's Syndrome/high-functioning autism: Abraham Lincoln- US President Al Gore- US Vice President Albert Einstien- Theory of Relativity Alexander Graham Bell - Inventor of the Telephone Alfred Hitchcock- Director Andy Kaufman - Actor Andy Warhol - Artist Benjamin Franklin- A Founding Father/ Inventor/ Writer Bill Gates - Revolutionized Computers Bob Dylan- Singer/Songwriter Bobby Fisher- World Chess Champion Charles Dickinson- Writer Charles Schultz - Cartoonist Crispin Glover - Actor Dan Akroyd - Actor Daryl Hannah - Actress Emily Dickinson - Poet George Washington - A Founding Father/ US President Henry Ford - Revolutionized the Car Industry/ Ford ... 07 Jan 2013     17:38 George Washington (First): “It is impossible to rightly govern the world without the Bible.”   John Adams (Second): “The Bible is the best book in the world. It contains more…than all the libraries I have seen.”   Thomas Jefferson (Third): “The Bible makes the best people in the world.”   John Quincy Adams (Sixth): “It is an invaluable and inexhaustible mine of knowledge and virtue.”   Andrew Jackson (Seventh): “That book, sir, is the rock on which our Republic rests.”   Zachary Taylor (Twelfth): “It was for the love of the truths of this great book that our fathers abandoned their native shore for the wilderness.”   Abraham Lincoln (Sixteenth): “But for this Book we could not know right from wrong. I believe the Bible is the best gift God has ever given to man.”   Ulysses S. Grant (Eighteenth): “The Bible is the Anchor of our liberties.”   Rutherford B. Hayes (Nineteenth): “The best religion the world has ever know is the religion of the Bible. It builds up all ... 05 Jan 2013     21:55 Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson , Samuel Clemens , Abraham Lincoln, Charles Darwin , Albert Einstein , Richard Feynman , Carl Sagan , Neil Tyson, Sigmund Freud , Ernest Hemingway , Thomas Edison , Nikola Tesla , John Lennon , Kurt Vennegut, Bill Nye , Richard Dawkins . Just a very small sample of people, who were our scientists, our politicians, and our artists, who all wanted to improve the knowledge and lives of their fellows. And they wanted to do this without needing to believe that there existed a cosmic entity who would reward them for it. 04 Jan 2013     15:32 United States OF AMERICA HIDDEN TRUE FACTS: All of our founding fathers were Free Mason. The first family to settle in the United States last name was Washington so if that's your last name then that's a slave name. Declaration of Independents & the constitution & the 1st American Flag ever was made out of Hemp. George Washington was 6'2 200 lbs which was a giant back then & he was a sex addict. He would send his Generals to war & sleep with there wives. All of them!! He smoked pot & grew it in his back yard. Abraham Lincoln to his dying days really Truely believed in vampires & thought they really killed his son. It was in his diaries. He smoked pot. Benjamin Franklin bought a 40 Acre farm just so he could grow Marijuana out of it. He was apart of the Hellfire club which was a sex club for orgies where he would take politicians to bribe them. Back then drinking water could kill u cuz of parasites so during senate meeting they would drink wine, smoke weed threw pipes, sit next to grog would women,& discus ... 08 Dec 2012     15:52 Time for a little Trivia!!! The 1st person who answers correctly will win a $5 gift card to Smokey Bones ! And the question is. Which president was the first to decorate the White House Christmas tree? A) Franklin Pierce B) Benjamin Franklin C) George Washington D) Abraham Lincoln 26 Nov 2012     13:29 and some more.A bad case of laryngitis forced Abraham Lincoln to lip-sync the Gettysburg Address . The speech was actually delivered by an aide hidden beneath the stage, The word “testify” comes from men in the Roman court swearing to a statement made by swearing on their *** The first speeding ticket was given in 1895 in the city of Hampshire. The culprit was fined for clocking the terrific velocity of 6 miles per hour, According to a British law passed in 1845, suicide is a very serious crime for which the punishment was death by hanging, An early draft of the Declaration of Independence included a line by Benjamin Franklin inviting King George to "kisse our collective *** , 24 Nov 2012     14:48 Doy you know these facts on thanksgiving ? I didnt but found it interesting: Benjamin Franklin wanted the turkey to be the national bird of the United States . Sarah Josepha Hale, an American magazine editor, persuaded Abraham Lincoln to declare Thanksgiving a national holiday. She is also the author of the popular nursery rhyme "Mary Had a Little Lamb" Abraham Lincoln issued a ' Thanksgiving Proclamation ' on third October 1863 and officially set aside the last Thursday of November as the national day for Thanksgiving. The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade tradition began in the 1920's. In 1939, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would take place on November 23rd, not November 30th, as a way to spur economic growth and extend the Christmas shopping season. Congress to passed a law on December 26, 1941, ensuring that all Americans would celebrate a unified Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November every year. Since 1947, the National Turkey Federation has presented a live turkey and . ... 24 Nov 2012     00:31 "Do we really need school? I don't mean education, just forced schooling: six classes a day, five days a week, nine months a year, for twelve years. Is this deadly routine really necessary? And if so, for what? Don't hide behind reading, writing, and arithmetic as a rationale, because 2 million happy homeschoolers have surely put that banal justification to rest. Even if they hadn't, a considerable number of well-known Americans never went through the twelve-year wringer our kids currently go through, and they turned out all right. George Washington , Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson , Abraham Lincoln? Someone taught them, to be sure, but they were not products of a school system, and not one of them was ever "graduated" from a secondary school. Throughout most of American history, kids generally didn't go to high school, yet the unschooled rose to be admirals, like Farragut; inventors, like Edison; captains of industry, like Carnegie and Rockefeller; writers, like Melville and Twain and Conrad; and even ... 21 Nov 2012     22:09 Benjamin Franklin wanted turkeys to be the official national bird and badmouthed their rivals -- bald eagles -- for their "bad moral character." Abraham Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863, and according to legend, his son Thad so loved a turkey fated for the Thanksgiving dinner that he convinced his father to write an order of reprieve for the creature's life. In 1989 President George H.W. Bush proclaimed, "This fine tom turkey has been granted a presidential pardon as of right now," and set into motion the official pardoning tradition that continues today. Sadly the presidential pardon isn't much of a golden parachute for turkeys; according to The New York Times , after their pardons White House turkeys "don't live very long. Most adopted turkeys are commercially bred broad-breasted whites, genetically disposed to grow to a marketable size in about four months. Even on a diet of only a couple of cups of turkey feed a day, they become obese." Check out this video of President Obama ... 21 Nov 2012     10:03 Friend: You are where u ar today not because you didn’t graduate with a good grades or because you didn’t go to school. No, the truth is that you are where you are because you have not acquired the relevant trainings and skills that will make you a solution to your environment. School doesn’t make any man great, it is conscious investment in training and relevant literatures (books) that will ignite your creativity and make you outstanding in any field of life’s pursuit…. What is your excuse? Check out the greats: Abraham Lincoln, Michael Faraday , Benjamin Franklin, Bill Gates and even our own Aliko Dangote , they all have one thing in common….NO UNIVERSITY GRADES!!! 18 Nov 2012     01:56 Jesus Christ , Martin Luther King , Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, the list goes on-those who are risk takers are the people who didn't play it safe, the people who can see opportunity when others only see risk!! 13 Nov 2012     17:47 Mentally running through American history this morning. No fictional story could ever beat the reality that is the history of our nation. One tiny group of people refused to live under government controlled religion. So they got up and moved to a whole new continent and built an entire nation. One that would eventually go to war with the very country it left and beat it! We have braved Civil War s and world wars, disease, famine, persecution. We have such courageous men and women who struggled to build and defend our nation. William Bradford , Nathan Hale , Patrick Henry , Paul Revere , Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, 'Stonewall' Jackson, Harriet Tubman , Lewis and Clark, Daniel Boone ... I could spend all day listing people but sadly I do not have that much time. 13 Nov 2012     11:09 Timeless Wisdom from Great Leaders Zig Ziglar had this to say about quotes: "If you're like me, you'll jump at the chance to bypass all the churning and scoop the cream right off the top. And that's what quotes are...the cream of our learning." I couldn't agree more! Since I was a freshman in college, I've loved quotations. The right words can engage the brain and bring an idea to life. With quotes, I've had many "a-ha" moments, where I've read it and thought, "Wow, that's exactly how I feel!" An idea that was once a "blur" can suddenly become crystal clear. This extraordinary book will be a source of inspiration and knowledge for many years to come. It is a beautiful coffee table edition with 160 pages, 75 wonderful photographs and over 400 great quotations from leaders in all walks of life. Some of the leaders include: Benjamin Franklin, Winston Churchill , Thomas Jefferson , Mother Teresa , Martin Luther King , Jr., Walt Disney , Abraham Lincoln, Eleanor Roosevelt , Nelson Mandela , Albert Einstein , John F. K ... 07 Nov 2012     16:50 U.S. Presidents who were Freemasons George Washington , James Monroe , Andrew Jackson , James Polk , James Buchanan , Abraham Lincoln (inducted postmortem by the lodge that he had petitioned for, and was denied, membership in while running for the U.S. Senate), Andrew Johnson , James Garfield , William Mckinley , Theodore Roosevelt , William Taft, Warren Harding , Franklin D. Roosevelt , Harry Truman , Lyndon Johnson , and Gerald Ford . Famous early Americans who were Freemasons: Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock , Paul Revere , Benedict Arnold , Stephen Austin, Jim Bowie , David Crockett , and Sam Houston . Rudyard Kipling used masonic symbols and characters in some of his writings, most notably The Man Who Would Be King. One of the main characters in Leo Tolstoy 's War and Peace becomes a Freemason. The plot of the opera "Die ZauberflÅ¡te" ("The Magic Flute") contains several references to Masonic ideals and ceremonies. Mozart and his librettist Emanuel Schikaneder were brothers in the same Masonic lodge. Freemasons, along wi ... 31 Oct 2012     20:28 Parcial Preface from the book Defenders Guide For Life's Toughest Questions By Ray Comfort: There is a popular atheist poster that says, "Atheism: Good enough for these *** " pictured in the poster are icons of history--- from top left there are faces of Ernest Hemingway , Abraham Lincoln, Carl Sagan , Mark Twain , Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin, Albert Einstein , and of Course, Charles Darwin . This poster is typical of those who called themselves atheists. For example, Thomas Jefferson said,"I have ever thought religion a concern purely between our God and our consciences, for which we were accountable to Him, and not to the priests." He wasn't an athiest. Albert Einstein lamented the fact that athiests lied about his beliefs: "In view of such harmony in the cosmos which I, with my limited human mind, am able to recognize, there are yet people who say there is no God. But what makes me angry is that they quote me for support of such views."(not done) 24 Oct 2012     14:06 Greatness in our materialistic world is defined as fame, popularity, scholastic or economic achievement, and notoriety. GREATNESS MAY RESULT FROM THESE QUALITIES, BUT THEY ARE NOT THE DEFINITION OF GREATNESS. Greatness may best be defined by the people throughout history whom we consider great. Among those who would be considered great in the context of their influence and impact on human society are such names as Mother Teresa , Nelson Mandela , Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther , Martin Luther King , Michael Jordan , Tiger Woods , George Washington Carver , Thomas Edison , Benjamin Franklin, Mahatma Gandhi , Henry Ford , Bill Gates , Walt Disney , Alexander Graham Bell , Albert Einstein , Babe Ruth , Jesse Owens , Florence Nightingale , Helen Keller , Pablo Picasso , Sam Walton , Oprah Winfrey , Steven Spielberg , the Wright Brothers , Steven Jobs , and Bessie Coleman . 20 Oct 2012     18:20 Facts About Hemp You Probably Didn't Know.. 1. It has 50,000 USES! It's been used for thousands of years by a wide variety of cultures. Hemp is currently being used worldwide in industries such as fabric, food, bio-diesel fuel, paper, plastics, rope, building material, molded panels, car components, wallpaper, acoustic baffling, barn bedding for farm animals and much, much more. All products made solely from hemp fibre are also biodegradable, compostable and recyclable. As such, they are easy on landfills. 2. It was legal to pay taxes with hemp in America from 1631 until the early 1800s. In 1850 there were more than 8,300 hemp farms in the United States . 3. Refusing to grow hemp in America during the 17th and 18th centuries was against the law! You could be jailed in Virginia for refusing to grow hemp from 1763 to 1769. 4. George Washington , Thomas Jefferson and other founding fathers grew hemp. Abraham Lincoln also grew Hemp. 5. Benjamin Franklin owned one of the first paper mills in America, and it proc ... 17 Oct 2012     02:11 This is a debate? I wonder what Thomas Jefferson , Benjamin Franklin, George Washington , Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt , J.F.K and Ronald Reagan would have to say to these men and to our nation right now? 15 Oct 2012     09:37 Who said ."I like pigs. Dogs look up to us. Cats look down at us. Pigs treat us as equals." Albert Einstein . Will Rogers. Abraham Lincoln. Benjamin Franklin. Winston Churchill . 02 Oct 2012     20:07 I Know There Is A God... The debate concerning the existence of God is one of the oldest and most discussed debates in human history. ( Christopher Columbus ) believed the hand of God guided him safely to America. (The Pilgrims) believed God had guided them to this land. They gave thanks to God for their bountiful blessings. ( George Washington ) believed help was needed from God to govern a nation. (Benjamin Franklin) gave credit to God for America’s Independence... "I have lived, Sir, a long time, and the longer I live, the more convincing proofs I see of this truth--that God Governs the affairs of men. And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without His notice, is it probable that an empire can rise without His aid?" ( Thomas Jefferson ) believed in God... “My God! How little do my countrymen know what precious blessings they are in possession of, and which no other people on earth enjoy!” (Abraham Lincoln) frequently referenced God; "We have forgotten God. We have forgotten the gracious hand which ... 30 Sep 2012     21:31 "They who would give up an essential liberty for temporary security, deserve neither liberty or security." Benjamin Franklin "Every step we take towards making the State our Caretaker of our lives, by that much we move toward making the State our Master." Dwight D. Eisenhower "If ye love wealth greater than liberty, the tranquility of servitude greater than the animating contest for freedom, go home from us in peace. We seek not your counsel, nor your arms. Crouch down and lick the hand that feeds you; and may posterity forget that ye were our countrymen." Samuel Adams "We the People are the rightful masters of both Congress and the Courts--not to overthrow the Constitution, but to overthrow the men who pervert the Constitution." Abraham Lincoln "This is the issue of this election: whether we believe in our capacity for self-government or whether we abandon the American Revolution and confess that a little intellectual elite in a far-distant capital can plan our lives for us better than we can plan for ou ... 18 Sep 2012     05:31 Things/ people I'm grateful for (9/17/12) 1276) Paul Newman , as evidence that you can be rich and still be a kind and generous person 1277) Johnny Depp , for showing us that making the interesting career choice can be as successful as making the expected one 1278) Benjamin Franklin, for daring to succeed at a wide variety of things 1279) Leonardo Da Vinci , for a mind that reached beyond all limits 1280) Abraham Lincoln, for preserving a divided nation qand correcting injustice, while fighting against his own depression 16 Sep 2012     05:09 *** is going on in my life lately??? I just got a letter saying I'm being sued by a convicted felon because the *** sent me a money order and I sent it back. Which now the *** claims he didnt get and wants $2k plus $1k in interest... As swipe no wonder your in jail. Then I get a cd that's f'd up (thank you Frank for helping me out) and now fb recommends the following friends to me; Abraham Lincoln , Benjamin Franklin , George Washington and Samuel Adams ... Am I getting that f'ing old that fb thinks we can be friends? I'm going to bed before I go down to the liquor store and get a bottle of Mad Dog 20/20 and a pack of Newports... 14 Sep 2012     21:53 So, in watching the new Lincoln trailer, I was kinda peeved about ol' Abe's voice. And apparently I'm not the only one who just doesn't think it sounds like him. But that's got me thinking...who the *** knows what Abraham Lincoln sounds like? We got this idea in our head of some big deep Liam Neeson -esque voice. George Washington can sound however he wants. Benjamin Franklin, who cares? But Abraham Lincoln's voice is engraved in our heads even though no one alive has ever heard it. Random thoughts brought to you by Jesse Argueta. 11 Sep 2012     22:04 who makes $72,000 a year and wants a 35% increase? teachers in chicago! they make more money then people who work 7 days a week and alot harder job. According to the US Census Bureau , the median household income is about $51,425, and median income per person is about $27,041. thats greed at its finest. now i am not bashin teachers. teachers help young Americans everyday, i have had great teachers and i consider them some of the best people ive ever met and friends. but when 23 million people are unemployed and there are americans fighting for our freedom half a world away that are getting paid way less then the teachers. then you got to look back at yourself and say im grateful for what i have and how much money i make, because your doin a job for the people of this world by making the next Susan B. Anthony , Thomas Edison ,Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson , John F. Kennedy , Martin Luther King Jr.,Abraham Lincoln, Charles Lindbergh , and Ronald Wilson Reagan . It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy i ... 29 Aug 2012     03:08 I only wish the likes of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams , Thomas Paine , Abraham Lincoln and all founding GOD FEARING fathers were a part of our election this year 29 Aug 2012     01:39 Unless ur name is Abraham Lincoln, George Washington , Andrew Jackson , or Benjamin Franklin !. 👈 my homies for life 26 Aug 2012     00:19 50 Best Successful Quotes of All Time 1. “Identify your problems but give your power and energy to solutions.” Tony Robbins 2. “You live longer once you realize that any time spent being unhappy is wasted.” Ruth E. Renkl 3. “The only true wisdom is knowing that you know nothing.” Socrates 4. “Things work out best for those who make the best of how things work out.” John Wooden 5. “Let no feeling of discouragement prey upon you, and in the end you are sure to succeed.” Abraham Lincoln 6. ” If you are not willing to risk the usual you will have to settle for the ordinary.” Jim Rohn 7. “Trust because you are willing to accept the risk, not because it’s safe or certain.” Anonymous 8. “When your life flashes before your eyes, make sure you’ve got plenty to watch.” Anonymous 9. “Screw it, Let’s do it!” Richard Branson 10. “Be content to act, and leave the talking to others.” Baltasa 11. “Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.” Steve Jobs 12. ... 14 Aug 2012     04:29 Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson and sometimes even Abraham Lincoln with 19 cents that is...! 22 Jul 2012     03:16 Does anyone have autobiographies on Benjamin Franklin, Theodore Roosevelt , or Abraham Lincoln? 04 Jul 2012     15:03 It's a good day to read about Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson , George Washington , and Abraham Lincoln. Experts say to feed into your child's fascination and run away with them. It's the best way to facilitate maximum learning. He was just telling me about Mount Rushmore yesterday. Do they teach that in kindergarten? Wow! 04 Jul 2012     14:21 Choose Your Master When establishing our nation's foundation, our founding fathers chose God as revealed by his Son Jesus Christ . • The fingerprints of their faith are found on everything from the Declaration of Independence to the George Washington Monument . • One sultry day, when our fathers were caught in bitter debate, Benjamin Franklin called them to prayer. • Our forefathers were buiding a politics based upon prayer, not power. • Ronald Reagan :"If we ever forget that we're one nation under God, then we will be a nation gone under." • Abraham Lincoln:"I know that the Lord is always on the side of the right; but it is my constant anxiety and prayer that I and this nation should be on the Lord's side." • Thomas Jefferson :"I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just; that His justice cannot sleep forever." • Abraham Lincoln: "I have been driven many times upon my knees by the overwhelming conviction that I had nowhere else to go." • Abraham Lincoln: "It is the duty of natio ... 03 Jul 2012     03:39 - dha only males i love are : Abraham Lincoln, Alexander Hamilton , Andrew Jackson , Ulysses Grant , '& Benjamin Franklin $ ;) ! 26 Jun 2012     14:41 Thomas Jefferson of USA was 33yrs when he drafted the declaration of independence.Benjamin Franklin was 26yrs when he wrote poor Richards Almanac, Charles Dickens was 24yrs when he began his pickwick papers and 25 when he wrote Oliver Twist. Isaac Newton was 24 when he formulated the law of gravity.On the other hand,Abraham Lincoln was in his 70s when he became the president of the United States of America.So also was Nelson Mandela of South Africa .Fatai Rolling Dollas,his music became popular at 80.You are not too young.I do not know your age but if you think you are young,be careful so you do not waste that enormous ability to make a mark.Know that no one remains young for ever,so get yourself established on time.You are not too old.Age is in the mind,if you do not mind it,it does not matter.There are realms that take maturity to reach.Ageing is a season of life which everyone must pass through.Do what must be done now.IT IS NEVER TOO EARLY OR TOO LATE.Enjoy your day! 21 Jun 2012     17:30 If you can't see the danger in corperations being treated as people then you are on the opposite side of: Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson , Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt , Samuel Clemens , Will Rogers, and everyone else who desires FREEDOM from Corperate Controll of our Government. This ALONE should be enough reason NOT to elect Romney. 19 Jun 2012     04:03 Forget about Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter , I'm waiting for the sequels George Washington : Zombie Killer, Thomas Jefferson : Werewolf Slayer and Benjamin Franklin: Whoremonger (wait, that one actually happened.) 25 May 2012     01:46 They say I'm anti social I be like how? I get along good with Benjamin Franklin, Andrew Jackson & Abraham Lincoln $lol 15 May 2012     01:44 I only want associates, no friends...I only want a will, no god parents...if I ever get married I will not invite anybody on my side...beyond George Washington , Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson , Ulysses Grant , and Benjamin Franklin would be my best man. 04 May 2012     02:58 Time is money and Money is time that's y i make Money and i always have time for it $$$ s/o to money $ 1: George Washington $ 2: Thomas Jefferson $ 5: Abraham Lincoln $ 10: Alexander Hamilton $ 20: Andrew Jackson $ 50: Ulysses S. Grant $ 100: Benjamin Franklin $ 500: William Mckinley $ 1000: Grover Cleveland $ 5000: James Madison $ 10 000: Salmon P. Chase $ 100 000: Woodrow Wilson 23 Apr 2012     02:09 Okay, the following "topic" is something that, to me, is so awesome that I think everyone old enough should know about it: the Epic Rap Battles of History. Season one is on the channel nicepeter. The matches are, in order: John Lennon vs Bill O'Reilly, Darth Vader vs Adolph Hitler , Abraham Lincoln vs Chuck Norris , Sarah Palin vs Lady Gaga , Hulk Hogan and Macho Man vs Kim Jong -Il, Justin Bieber vs Beethoven, Albert Einstein vs Steven Hawking , Genghis Khan vs the Easter Bunny , Napoleon Dynamite vs Napoleon Bonaparte , Benjamin Franklin vs Billy Mays , Gandalf vs Dumbledore, Dr. Seuss vs William Shakespeare , Mr. T vs Mr. Rogers, Christopher Columbus vs Captain Kirk , and Nicepeter vs Epiclloyd (the makers of the Rap Battles) Season two is on the channel ERB. The matches so far are, in order: Darth Vader vs Hitler 2, Master Chief vs Leonidas, the Wright Brothers vs the Mario brothers, and Elvis Presley vs Michael Jackson . Each one is more awesome than you can imagine (so long as you don't mind a little swearing) ... 22 Apr 2012     22:09 Among the greatest souls on earth who have proudly served the Creator, Allah, God, SUGMAD during their time, people such as: Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King , George Washington , Benjamin Franklin among the others, had learned the secret knowledge of Dreams. They learnt to listen to their divine guidance mainly through the dream state. Abraham Lincoln was probably the most remarkable soul who could even see the future (particularly his own future). Because of the divine mission he accepted to carry out through his work, he developed with time the knowledge of dreams, visions or prophecy. With that inner connection with the higher power, he surrendered to GOD Will; knowing that the mission was the most important for the glory of the Creator. Eventually, despite of all the fears and challenges he carried on. And when the mission was over, in a vision, he was taken out of his physical body into one of the heavens, where he saw his future. When he awoke he explained to his wife what he saw, but she did not ... 10 Apr 2012     17:00 Do not Say What Can I do im only one Person how Can I change the World All it takes is courage to Change the world Thomas Jefferson , Martin Luther King , Lord Buddha , William Shakespeare ,Abraham Lincoln , Charles Darwin , Rosa Parks , Elvis Presley , Marie Curie , Mother Teresa ,Joan of Arc , Mahatma Gandhi ,Galileo Galilei , Marcus Aurelius ,Benjamin Franklin ( They All Changed the World and So can you BE the Change you wish to see in the World if you see an injustice Speak up Do something Don't Wait for someone else to do it Be the Change you want to see in the world

George Washington

President Obama is not the first sitting US president to win a peace prize. Who was the first president to win a Nobel Prize?

United States Presidents and The Illuminati / Masonic Power Structure Pt1b  and the Illuminati / Masonic Power Structure  pt1b 1825-1829 John Quincy Adams, 6th. President of the United States (DR) Unknown Mason status. (Rumored famous Anti Mason.) Vice President, John C. Calhoun, 1829-1832. Unknown Mason Status. 1826-1828 Robert Trimble. S.C.J. Associate Justice. Nominated by President John Quincy Adams. Also was Master of his lodge, Union #16 in Paris, Kentucky. Confirmed Mason. 1826 CAPTAIN WILLIAM MORGAN, of New York, an intelligent man, and an inflexible republican, convinced of the dangers of Secret Societies, in a free Government, resolved to use his best endeavors for their suppression. Being a Royal Arch Mason, he had witnessed the corruption of the Institution. He saw it was an engine of personal advantage and political aggrandizement; that it gave to its members unfair advantages and extra privileges over the unsuspecting community; that its insidious influence extended to every transaction in society, raising as it were the Masonic combination unto a PRIVILEGED ORDER, who, under the Royal Names of GRAND KINGS, Grand Sovereigns, and Grand High Priests, in darkness and secrecy, ruled and plundered the people. CAPTAIN MORGAN was a soldier and a brave man. He saw this detestable conspiracy and he dared to risk his life by bursting its shackles and warning an injured people! Morgan wrote a book exposing the Masons, (Illuminations of Masonry) He was arrested  by a gang of Masonic desperadoes, at the insistence of the Master of the lodge of Masons in Canadaigua. (B.J. Lossing, The Empire State, American Publishing Company 1888 p. 471) who came 60 miles after him, in the morning about sunrise, Sept. 11, 1826. Morgan was bound and weighted and drowned in the Niagra River by the Masons. An Account of the Savage Treatment of Captain William Morgan, by Edward Giddins A monument to William Morgan, thirty eight feet in height and weighing forty tons stands in the old cemetery in Batavia, New York. On its base are carved the following inscriptions: "Sacred to the memory of William Morgan, a native of Virginia, a captain in the war of 1812, a respectable citizen of Batavia, and a martyr to the freedom of writing, printing and speaking the truth. He was abducted from near this spot in the year of 1826, by Freemasons, and murdered for revealing the secrets of their order. The court records of Genesee County, and files of the Batavia Advocate, kept in the recorder's office, contain the history of the events that caused the erection of this monument, September 13, 1882. The bane of our civil institutions is to be found in Masonry, already powerful and daily becoming more so. I owe to my country an exposure of its dangers." - Captain William Morgan. Following the murder of Captain Morgan, three state legislatures investigated Freemasonry. New York, 1829; Massachusetts, 1834; and Pennsylvania, 1836. In addition to obtaining corroborative testimony from other Masons who left Freemasonry, as to the nature and substance of the oaths, the investigations revealed that an operative criminal empire had entrenched itself in America. Obstruction to the investigations was encountered at every level. AMERICA'S SUBVERSION The Enemy Within 1829 John Quincy Adams, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (NR) Unknown Mason Status. 1829 The Massachusetts  of 1829. This convention passes resolutions stating that: "No Mason is worthy to receive the votes of free men or fit to serve as a juror."  1829-1837 Andrew Jackson, 7th. President of the United States (D) Confirmed Mason. (The New Age Magazine, January 1953, pg. 44) Initiated: The record for Brother Jackson has not been located. He seems to have been a Member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 1, Nashville, Tennessee, as early as 1800. It was the first Lodge in Tennessee, organized in 1789, under a Dispensation from the Grand Lodge of North Carolina. The name was later changed to Harmony Lodge No. 1 on November 1, 1800. Brother Jackson is officially listed as a Member in the Lodge Return to the Grand Lodge of North Carolina and Tennessee for 1805. On December 27, 1813, the Grand Lodge of Tennessee was granted its own Constitution. Brother Jackson was the sixth Grand Master of Masons of Tennessee, serving from October 7, 1822 until October 4, 1824. Strengthened Presidential Veto Power. Vice President John C. Calhoun, 1829-1832. Unknown Mason status. Vice President, Martin Van Buren 1833-1837. Confirmed Mason. Andrew Jackson was related to the following Presidents: William Harrison, Jefferson, Tyler, Benjamin Harrison, Calvin Coolidge, Harry Truman, and Lyndon Johnson. (Everything is Under Control. Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups by Robert Anton Wilson pg 39-40) 1829-1861 John McLean, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Nominated by Mason President Andrew Jackson. McLean is listed in 10,000 Famous Freemasons as having been a member of Columbus Lodge #30 in Columbus, Ohio, but he is not listed in Masonic Trivia and Facts or in the The MSA 1940s study. Confirmed Mason. 1830-1844 Henry Baldwin, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Nominated by Mason President Andrew Jackson. Also was Master of Lodge #45 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1805 1830 September 11. Anti-Mason Convention Held in Philadelphia.   The Proceedings of the United States Anti-Masonic Convention    1830's and 1840's most Masonic lodges in the Northeast had to surrender their charters and disband. Radical doubt was cast on the American Revolution because of the involvement of the "Founding Fathers" in Masonry. In a booklet by "Tubal Cain of Utica, was information concerning the involvement of Washington, Jefferson, Franklin, and the Marquis de LaFayette. These facts were widely circulated according to letters and diaries of the period. 1831 The uproar of the public at the outrages of Masonic treatment of William Morgan is probably the greatest popular uprising in American history and resulted in our nations first national political party conventions in (The Anti-Mason Party Convention in Baltimore). In Syracuse, New York, Lincoln's future Secretary of State, William H. Seward, remarked in a speech: "Have you not seen Freemasonry thus stained with blood." (William H. Seward, Oration of 1831, University of Rochester, Library Archives). 1831 Henry Clay, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (NR) Confirmed Mason. Henry Clay was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky and Grand Orator for the G.L. 1806-09. Very good friends to the Illuminati Dupont's. The DuPont's were already one of the primary top families, it is rumored that Clay was coming to them for guidance on how to steer the nation. The DuPont's played a role in the building of the American capital, which was laid out and constructed with numerous occult patterns. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) See also You'll never think the same way again 1831 Guiseppi Mazzini 33� Founder of Italian Freemasonry. Revolutionary Terrorist Leader. Sicilian Gangster. Mafia Founder. Confirmed Mason. Took over for Adam Weishaupt's Illuminati. America's Subversion The Enemy Within. Chapter Supplement: Treason Giuseppi Mazzini was in close communication with the Confederate General, Albert Pike, who was the head of the Illuminati in the United States. 1832 It all began at Yale. General William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft put together a super secret society for the elite children of the Anglo-American Wall Street banking establishment. Skull and Bones. William Huntington Russell's step-brother Samuel Russell ran "Russell & Co.", the world's largest OPIUM smuggling operation in the world at the time. Alphonso Taft is the Grandfather of our ex-president Howard Taft, the creator of the Forerunner to the United Nations. skull_and_bones.htm 1832 The Anti-Mason party challenges Mason Andrew Jackson and his running mate Martin Van Buren for the office of President of the United States. 1832 William Wirt, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency. Confirmed Mason. This one is not in the history books. 1833 John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States, wrote a letter to W.L. Stone which is one of the most devastating analyses of Masonry on record and demonstrates clearly, by a man who should know, the extent of the festering cancer in our courts and newspapers.  Letters on the Masonic Institution, by John Quincy Adams 1835-1867 James Moore Wayne, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Nominated by Mason President Andrew Jackson. Unknown Mason Status. 1836-1864 Roger Brooke Taney, S.C.J. Chief Justice. Nominated by Mason President Andrew Jackson. Unknown Mason Status. 1836-1841 Phillip Pendleton Barbour, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Nominated by Mason President Andrew Jackson. Unknown Mason Status. 1836 William H. Harrison, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (W) Unknown Mason status. 1836 Hugh L. White, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (W) Unknown Mason status. 1836 Daniel Webster, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (W) Unknown Mason status. 1837-1841 Martin Van Buren, 8th. President of the United States (D) Confirmed Mason.  Vice President, Richard M. Johnson 1837-1841. Unknown Mason status. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, who was blood related to both President Martin Van Buren and to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, is on record. 1837-1865 John Catron, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President Martin Van Buren. 1838-1852 John McKinley, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Martin Van Buren. 1842-1860 Peter Vivian Daniel, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Martin Van Buren. Other parts of the world during this Presidency: Switzerland: 1839-1858 Jonas Furrer, 1839 Leader of the Zurich Liberals. 1842-1846,Vice President of the Swiss Confederation. 1846-1858. President of the Swiss Confederation four times. Confirmed Mason. 1840 Martin Van Buren, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Confirmed Mason. 1841 James Shields. He was an Irish immigrant who settled in Illinois and became an active Mason in January 1841. Shields was a Democrat who became state auditor in 1841. Lincoln and the Whig party protested his policies, and several satirical letters appeared in the Springfield newspaper questioning Shields' honesty and mocking his physical courage. Shields was told that Lincoln had written these letters, and he challenged Lincoln to a duel. (Lincoln's 'Duel'", by Thomas O. Jewett, at page 142. Also see Collected Works of Lincoln, volume 1, at page 292.) 1841 William Henry Harrison, 9th. President of the United States (Whig ) Son of Benjamin Harrison one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Died one month after taking office from Pneumonia. Unknown Mason status. Vice President, John Tyler, 1841. Unknown Mason status. However Henry Clay, Confirmed Mason was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky and Grand Orator for the G.L. 1806-09, and the leader of the Whig party, and I believe the power behind this President. Very good friends to the Illuminati DuPont's. The DuPont's played a role in the building of the American capital, which was laid out and constructed with numerous occult patterns. Harrison is related to the following Presidents: Jefferson, Jackson, Tyler. Benjamin Harrison, (William Harrison's grandson). (Everything is Under Control. Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups by Robert Anton Wilson pg 39-40) 1841-1845 John Tyler, 10th. President of The United States (Whig) after the death of William H. Harrison. Confirmed Mason. (Masonic Edition, Holy Bible 1951 Edition) No Vice President during this term. However Henry Clay, Confirmed Mason was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky and Grand Orator for the G. L. 1806-09, and the leader of the Whig party, and I believe the power behind this President. Very good friends to the Illuminati DuPont's. Tyler was related to the following Presidents: William H. Harrison, Jefferson, Jackson and Benjamin Harrison. (Everything is Under Control. Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups by Robert Anton Wilson pg 39-40)  1845-1872 Samuel Nelson, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President John Tyler. 1844 Henry Clay, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (W) Confirmed Mason. Henry Clay was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky and Grand Orator for the G.L. 1806-09. Very good friends to the Illuminati Dupont's.  1844 Murder of Joseph Smith. Also a descendent of Joseph Smith, Jr. who was Satanic Ritually Abuse victim, has quietly told certain people that her family is indeed a Satanic bloodline. Further, I have mentioned other confidential pieces of information about how the leaders of the Salt Lake City Mormon church (LDS) are working with the various parts of the Illuminati's empire, including the Jehovah�s Witnesses.1944 Brigham Young takes command of the Mormon Church. Young's first name was Brigham. It was given to him because of the importance of the Brigham family. His grandmother was Sibil Brigham. Sibyls were prophetesses of the ancient world, and the name is a semi-common occult name. Brigham Young and his family practiced magic. They were also intimately aware of their genealogy, which goes back to the Merovingian Dynasty!  One wonders if it is coincidence that the Merovingian's primary symbol, the bee is also the symbol for the Mormon church and Utah. Look at a Deseret Industries (Mormon thrift stores) building in your area and you will see the bee on their side. But not only does Brigham Young have Merovingian blood from at least two lines of blood (and possibly as many as 6 lines of blood back), but he also is related to the Collins (Illuminati family of Massachusetts) Further, Brigham Young is also a blood relative of the Wheelers. If Young's Wheeler relatives are related to the Satanic Illuminati Wheelers, then we have an example of how 3 strains of top Satanic blood have interwoven and resulted in the birth of the Freemason, Witch, and President of the LDS Brigham Young. Although the public split occurred between Mormonism and Masonry before the Mormons went to Utah, that was only for public consumption. The leadership have coordinated activities. The Mormon religion is really a high rite of Freemasonry, and this explains why when the Mormons went to Utah, the Mormons held Masonic schools. (Hosea Stout mentions these Mormon Masonic schools in On The Mormon Frontier; The Diary of Hosea Stout, ed. by Juanita Brooks, 2 vols., Salt Lake City: Univ. of Utah Press, 1964, 2: 415, 423.) After going to Utah, Brigham Young contacted the chiefs of Freemasonry in England and proposed that Mormonism be granted a public charter to become its own Masonic Rite. The hierarchy told him no. The Freeman Bloodline "Yes, Mason's, it is said, were among the mob that murdered Joseph and Hyrum Smith in Carthage Jail. Joseph, leaping the fatal window, gave the Masonic signal of distress. The answer was the roar of his murder's muskets and the deadly balls that pierced his heart". (Mormon Elder Heber C. Kimball, a former Mason, quoted by Orson F. Whitney, Life of Heber C. Kimbal, p. 26) (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) 1844 Benjamin Disraelli, prime Minister of England, was attributed with this statement in 1844: "The world is governed by very different personages from what is imagined by those who are not behind the scenes." 1845-1849 James K. Polk, 11th. President of the United States (D) Confirmed Mason. (The New Age Magazine, January 1953, pg. 44) Initiated: June 5, 1820, Columbia Lodge No. 31, Columbia, Tennessee. Brother Polk assisted in the Cornerstone Laying of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., May 1, 1847. Governor of Tennessee 1839-1841. Vice President, George M. Dallas, 1845-1849. Unknown Mason status. 1845-1851 Levi Woodbury, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by Mason President James K. Polk. 1846-1870 Robert Cooper Grier, S.C.J. Associate justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President James K. Polk. 1848 Lewis Cass, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Unknown Mason Status. 1848 Alexander Dumas wrote his The Count Of Monte Cristo. The Count is the Jesuit General. Monte=Mount, Cristo=Christ. The Count of the Mount of Christ. Alexander Dumas was talking about the Jesuit General getting vengeance when the Jesuits were suppressed, and many of them were consigned to an island, three hours sailing, West, off the coast of Portugal. And so, when the Jesuits finally regained their power, they punished all of the monarchs of Europe who had suppressed them, drove them from their thrones, including the Knights of Malta from Malta, using Napoleon. And Alexander Dumas, who fought for the Italian patriots in 1848, to free Rome from the temporal power of the Pope, wrote many books and one of the books was to expose this, and that was The Count Of Monte Cristo. 1849-1850 Zachary Taylor, 12th. President of the United States (Whig) Confirmed Mason. Also a member of the Knights Of The Garter. Order of the Garter is the core leader of the Committee Of 300. Vice President, Millard Fillmore 1849-1850. Unknown Mason status. On June 21, 1850, nine days after the secession convention, Governor Quitman was indicted by a federal grand jury for violating the U.S. Neutrality Laws! The charge was based on Quitman's leadership of a well-financed conspiracy to invade and ``liberate'' Cuba from Spanish rule. Then two weeks later, on July 3, President Taylor threatened to hang those ``taken in rebellion against the Union.'' The next day the President fell ill, vomited blackish material, and died soon after. The Quitman prosecution was delayed. (You may recall that Taylor's body was recently dug up by Kentucky authorities, looking for evidence of arsenic poisoning.) The Scottish Rite's KKK Project 1849. October, 7. Edgar Allan Poe was murdered by a blow to the head. Poe was not a drunk or drug addict as history would lead you to believe and did not die from a drug overdose. (John F. Courtney, M.D. Addiction and Edgar Allan (sic) Poe, Resident and Staff Physician, January, 1971 p. 107-115). Poe was exposing the Mason's through many of his short stories. It was inevitable that Poe would not only run afoul of the festering secret society's but end a victim of their 'arguments'. He was not a passive recipient, and he did his best to immortalize a searing indictment in Masonry in at least four of his short stories.  1. The Cask of Amontillado. A Roman Catholic aristocrat takes revenge on his Freemason enemy by walling him into a corner of the family catacombs, thus destroying his life and freedom by masonry. (Kent Bales, "Poetic justice in the Cask of Amontillado", Poe Studies, 6, 1972, p. 51) Insult is added to injury in this tale since Poe drew its central character and basic narrative situation from the Freemason, Benjamin Franklin. Since the name of Franklin's hero in Montresor and this is of course the name Poe has chosen for his; that his source is indeed Franklin is confirmed by William H. Shurr ("Montresor's Audience" in the 'Cask of Amontillado' Poe Studies, 1, 1977)  2.The Devil in the Belfry. Published in The Philadelphia Saturday Chronicle of May 18, 1839. Poe satirizes president Martin Van Buren and his corrupt political machine in New York. (Poe's Political Satire, University of Texas studies in English, 35, 1956, 81-95-Burton R. Pollin, City University of New York) 3. Mellonta Tauta. This criticizes the aura of sanctimony which surrounds Mason George Washington, specifically in a tedious "George Washington cornerstone ceremony" Washington actually laid the cornerstone to the Capitol building in a full Masonic regalia and there is a widely circulated painting of this event. Washington's Masonic Apron 4. Never Bet The Devil Your Head. This is Poe's most gruesome portrayal of Masonry and has some parallel to a well-known Masonic story - Kipling's "The Man Who Would Be King" in which esoteric bridge-symbolism forms an important backdrop. The man does not take the advice Poe's story offers and looses his head on a covered bridge. Royal Arch Masonry is obsessed with bridge symbolism (Princess Diana was murdered under a covered bridge) to the same extent that the Masonic grade of Ninth degree is up to it's neck in decapitation ritual. (Revelation 20:4 And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast , neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands ; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years). See also: Revelation Prophecy - Guillotine Execution 1850-1853 Millard Fillmore, 13th. President of the United States (Whig) Unknown Mason status. No Vice President during this term. It should be noted that only two Whig Party members were elected for the office of the President, and both died in office. Succeeded by their Whig Party vice Presidents, neither won a second term. Both times replaced by the Democratic Party.  However Henry Clay, Confirmed Mason was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky and Grand Orator for the G.L. 1806-09, and the leader of the Whig party, and I believe the power behind this President. Very good friends to the Illuminati DuPont's. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) 1851-1857 Benjamin Robbins Curtis, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Millard Fillmore. 1851 Emerson Cogswell Whitney. Skull and Bones. Field: Education: "Died Dec. 1, 1851" 1853 Winfield Scott. Grad from West Point. Fought in the war of 1812 and rose to the rank of major general. Fought in the battle of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane in 1814.Supervised the removal of the Cherokee Indians from Southern state to reservations west of the Mississippi River. Unsuccessful Whig candidate for President in 1853. Confirmed Mason. 1853-1857 Franklin Pierce, 14th. President of the United states (D) Confirmed Mason. (Masonic Edition, Holy Bible 1951 Edition) Also a member of the Knights Of The Garter. Order of the Garter is the core leader of the Committee Of 300. Vice President, William R. King, 1853. Unknown Mason status. Franklin Pierce was a cousin to Presidents James Garfield and Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison. (Everything is Under Control. Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups by Robert Anton Wilson pg 39-40) August Belmont, the U.S. representative of Britain's Rothschild banks, paid for Pierce's 1852 election campaign. Though this blatant foreign intrusion caused a flare-up of resentment among the voters, Pierce was elected the 14th President, and his foreign and domestic backers took over. Caleb Cushing became U.S. attorney general. Jefferson Davis became secretary of war. Banker August Belmont became ambassador to Holland. The Scottish Rite's KKK Project 1853-1861 John Archibald Campbell, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Franklin Pierce. 1854 Edward Payson Whitney. Skull and Bones. Field: Medicine: "Disappeared in 1858. 1854  George de Forest Lord. Skull and Bones. 1856  James Lyman Whitney. Skull and Bones. Field: Library Work, Boston Public Library. 1856 John C. Freemont, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (R) Unknown Mason status. 1856 Millard Fillmore, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (A) Unknown Mason status. 1857-1861 James Buchanan, 15th. President of the United States (D) Confirmed Mason. (The New Age Magazine, January 1953, pg. 44) Initiated: December 1l, 1816, Lodge No. 43, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Brother Buchanan became Worshipful Master of Lodge No. 43 1822-1823; and in 1824 was appointed District Deputy Grand Master for the Counties of Lancaster, Lebanon and York. Vice President, John C. Breckinridge, 1857-1861. Confirmed Mason.  Joining Pike's new Scottish Rite Supreme Council in 1859 was the U.S. vice president, John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky. He would soon run for President on a secession platform, his campaign managed by Caleb Cushing. In March 1860, the U.S. treasury secretary, Howell Cobb, joined Pike's Supreme Council. (Cobb was a ruler of the Georgia Masonic mafia with Robert Toombs and James Bulloch.) If you are going to lead a revolt against a government, it is handy to have the head of that government's treasury take charge of your finances, as Cobb did for his Masonic boss Albert Pike. The Scottish Rite's KKK Project 1858-1881 Nathan Clifford, Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by Mason President James Buchanan. Other Parts of the world during this presidency: Mexico: 1857-1871 Benito Juarez, 1857,Vice President of Mexico. 1858 President of Mexico. Removed in 1863 by Napoleon III of France, but Juarez resistance lead him back to victory as the President in 1867.Confirmed Mason. 1860 Stephen A. Douglas, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Confirmed Mason. (Is This Of Your Own Free Will And Accord?," by R.V. Havlik, at page 67. Also Stephen A. Douglas: Freemason, by Wayne C. Temple.) 1860 John C. Breckenridge, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Confirmed Mason. 1860 John Bell, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency. Confirmed Mason. 1860, 20 December,  the State of South Carolina announced it would secede and become a separate republic. The Federal Government's response to this bold move was to immediately call on various States to send troops to suppress the South Carolinians. Six Southern states promptly refused to comply. They too seceded and joining with South Carolina, formed The Confederate States of America, with Mississippian Jefferson Davis as their President. (Two of the seven Governors were Freemasons: John Ellis of North Carolina and Isham Harris from Tennessee). Some six weeks later a Peace Convention was held on 4 February, 1861, with both sides in attendance. It hoped to put an end to the dangerous situation, but it failed. Notable Freemasons at that meeting were John Crittenden and Stephen Douglas of Kentucky, and Robert Toombs from Georgia. THE electronic NORTH CAROLINA MASON July/August, 1993 vol.1 #3  1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln, 16th. President of the United states (R) Unknown Mason status. Rumored Rosicrucian, (which is a branch of Free Masonry) Lincoln�s wife Mary Todd (Tied in with Satanic Collins) was into the occult. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, 1861-1865. Unknown Mason status. Vice President Andrew Johnson, confirmed Mason was selected to run on Lincolns successful re-election ticket of 1864. Edwin M. Stanton, Lincoln's Secretary of War, was an avid Freemason. (Edwin M. Stanton and Freemasonry," by Erving E. Beauregard, in Lincoln Herald, Winter 1993. See especially page 125, citing "Reminiscences," letters from Edwin M. Stanton to Chauncey, Washington City, letter dated August 27, 1864.) One month after the re-election of Lincoln, and the successful assassination, Andrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United States. Note: We have a non mason President, or one whom looses favor, and then a Mason Vice President shuffled into office before the President dies or is forced out of office. Did President Lincoln suspend the U.S. Constitution? American Patriot Network | America's Caesar Abraham Lincoln and the Birth of a Modern Empire After Willie's death in the White House in 1862, Mary Todd often visited the home of the Lauries who were well-known Georgetown mediums. Here a clairvoyant would darken the parlor and arrange the patrons in a circle with their hands on the table. The goal was to attain communication with invisible beings; in Mary's case, it was Eddie and Willie, her two dead sons. There were possibly as many as eight s�ances held in the White House itself. MARY TODD LINCOLN AND CLAIRVOYANCE "In the late spring of the year of 1808 Nancy Hanks, who was of the family lineage of McAdden was visiting some of her family in the community of Lincolnton, North Carolina. During her stay in the Carolina's, she visited many neighboring families she had known for many years; one such was the Springs family. The sordid details had been omitted but obviously the young Nancy Hanks had found herself in a compromised position and was forced to succumb to the lust of A.A. Springs. She became pregnant as a result. There were no details of a love affair or an act of violence on a helpless female. Abraham Lincoln was the result of that act, which leads one to wonder if the name Lincoln was real or fabricated from the area of conception which was Lincolnton. Was there really a Thomas Lincoln? Since the Springs were of the race that called themselves "Jewish", Lincoln was part Jewish and as part of the Springs family, he also became a relative of the Rothschild family by blood." Pandora's Box -- Proving Abraham Lincoln was a Rothschild Charles Chiniquy, was the great exposer of the Jesuit assassination of President Lincoln, when he wrote his masterpiece Fifty Years In The Church Of Rome in 1886. He proves that Lincoln was assassinated by the Jesuits, and that it was covered-up by our government at the time. Of the Jesuit hand in Lincoln�s murder we read: "I feel safe in stating that nowhere else can be found in one book the connected presentation of the story leading up to the death of Abraham Lincoln, which was instigated by the "black" pope, the General of the Jesuit Order, camouflaged by the "white" pope, Pius IX, aided, abetted and financed by other "Divine Righters" of Europe, and finally consummated by the Roman Hierarchy and their paid agents in this country and French Canada on "Good Friday" night, April 14, 1865, at Ford�s Theatre, Washington, D.C." [The Suppressed Truth About The Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln, Burke McCarty, 1973, originally published in 1924] The Black Pope 1862-1881 Noah Haynes Swayne, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President Abraham Lincoln. 1862-1890 Samuel Freeman Miller, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Abraham Lincoln. 1862-1877 David Davis, Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President Abraham Lincoln. Davis, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln's, is listed in 10,000 Famous Freemasons as having been buried with Masonic ceremonies in Bloomington, Illinois. He is not listed in the other sources as having been a Freemason. 1863  William Collins Whitney. Skull and Bones. Field: Secretary of Navy (1885-9) Promoter & Financier. 1863-1897 Stephen Johnson Field, Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President Abraham Lincoln. 1864-1873 Salmon Portland Chase, Chief Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Abraham Lincoln. Bowling Green was a close friend of Lincoln and one of the most prominent men in New Salem, Illinois, Lincoln's first home town. Green was a Justice of the Peace Confirmed Mason. (Lincoln and Freemasonry," at pages 21-22, and Sandburg's biography of Lincoln, volume 1, pages 175 and 288-289.) Other friends were Ninian Edwards, and James Shields. Confirmed Masons. (Stephen A. Douglas: Freemason, by Wayne C. Temple.) . The best man at Abraham Lincoln's wedding to Mary Todd was James Matheny, a member of the Springfield Masonic Lodge and a past Master of the Grand Lodge of Illinois. Lincoln's closest neighbor, James Gourley, was also a Mason, as were other friends and business associates. (Chicago 1860: A Mason's Wigwam?," by Olivier Fraysse, in Lincoln Herald, Fall 1985, at pages 71-72, citing Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Illinois ..., Chicago, 1857; 10,000 Famous Freemasons by W.R. Denslow; Lincoln's Manager: David Davis, by W.L. King, and Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, volume IV, at page 336.) Even the fianc� of Ann Rutledge, reported to be Abraham Lincoln's first true love, was Junior Warden of a local Masonic Lodge. (Lincoln and Freemasonry," at page 23.) Lincoln's idol in politics was Henry Clay, a U.S. Senator and Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, candidate for President several times, and one of the most influential Americans of the first half of the 1800's. Henry Clay was the Grand Master of Masons in Kentucky in 1820-1821. It should be noted, though, that in 1830 and 1831, during the height of the influence of the Anti-Masonic Party in American politics, Clay said he had been inactive for many years. Clay was then seeking the Presidency. He might have helped his chances by specifically denouncing Masonry, but he refused to do that. Since Henry Clay was Lincoln's role model in politics, it would be reasonable to expect that Lincoln would have been influenced by Clay's Masonic involvement -- rising to the level of Grand Master of Kentucky, and Clay's refusal to denounce Masonry even when that action could have helped him politically. (The Antimasonic Party, by William Preston Vaughn, at page 56.) The list of prominent people connected with the Civil War and politics in that era who were Masons is very long, including Winfield Scott, George B. McClellan, Robert Anderson, Winfield Scott Hancock, Benjamin F. Butler, Simon Cameron, Lewis Cass, John J. Crittenden, Andrew G. Curtin, David G. Farragut, Nathaniel P. Banks, John A. McClernand, Thomas H. Benton, John A. Logan, Sam Houston, Stephen A. Hurlbut, Andrew Johnson, Edwin M. Stanton, Gideon Welles, Albert Sidney Johnston, P.G.T. Beauregard, Howell Cobb, John B. Floyd, Albert Pike, Sterling Price, Robert Toombs, Godfrey Weitzel, Henry A. Wise. (House Undivided: The Story of Freemasonry and the Civil War, by Allen E. Roberts, at pages 333-344.) Note:1856-(1865?) John Wilkes Booth, the man who killed Lincoln in 1865. Confirmed 33rd degree Mason. Of course, John Wilkes Booth, he was never killed. Corbett never killed Booth in the barn. Booth escaped Washington with a password, according to Finis Bates� work The Escape And Suicide Of John Wilkes Booth. He escaped to Kansas, and on his death bed confessed to his physician that he was John Wilkes Booth who shot Lincoln. And he escaped with the help of a Masonic password. So just like there was a patsy for the Lincoln assassination, there was a patsy for the Kennedy assassination. black-pope see also: Rewriting U.S. History "I landed on that peculiar paper you call money during your Civil War and on the back of your dollar during the World War. Since 1935 I have shared the greenback with the pyramid and eye whose keen vision, like mine, bridges Heaven and Earth. The Eagle Speaks The Franklin Institute Science Museum 1864 George B. McClellan, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Unknown Mason status. 1864-1901 Jean Henri Dunant, founder of the Red Cross in 1864, also founder of the World's Young Men Christian Foundation, co-winner of the the first Nobel Prize for Peace in 1901. Known to promote interest in the treatment of prisoners of war, the abolition of slavery, international arbitration, disarmament, and a Jewish homeland. Confirmed Mason. Red Cross Admits They Helped Nazi's Escape 1865-1869 Andrew Johnson, 17th. President of the United States (D) National Union Party." Confirmed Mason. (The New Age Magazine, January 1953, pg. 44) (Lodge records lost during the Civil War) Initiated: May 5, 1851, Greenville Lodge No. 119, Greenville, Tennessee. Military Governor of Tennessee, 1862-1865. No Vice President during this term. In April 1866, a year after the murder of Abraham Lincoln, Albert Pike's Supreme Council met in full costume inside the White House. There Lincoln's successor President Andrew Johnson granted a pardon to Pike for his role in the murder of Lincoln. The Scottish Rite's KKK Project Other parts of the world during this Presidency: Canada: 1867-1891 Sir John Alexander Macdonald, first prime minister of the Dominion of Canada. Though accused of devious and unscrupulous methods, he is remembered for his achievements. Confirmed Mason. 1866 Nathan Bedford Forest. (First Imperial Wizard) Forest was approached by the leaders of the Den of the Invisible Empire, which had possession of the secret archives of Samuel Adams and which organization still existed under the name of the Sons of Liberty. Forest agreed to accept the leadership, but preferred the name of the recently formed Ku Klux Klan, for the visible organization. The Ku Klux Klan has been Masonic since its conception.  The Scottish Rite's KKK Project (Ku Klux Klan Constitution of the United Klans of America. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: Imperial Press, 1968 p. 18)  1867 General William Tecumseh Sherman said, "We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Lakota's, known to whites as the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children." ( Historian Ward Churchill, A LITTLE MATTER OF GENOCIDE; HOLOCAUST AND DENIAL IN THE AMERICAS, 1492 TO THE PRESENT (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1997). ISBN 0-87286-323-9. pg.240) 1867 The Presidency of the United States is to be controlled by Freemasonry, is thoroughly documented by Christian author, Ralph Epperson, in his book, "The New World Order". On page 171, Epperson quotes testimony given in March, 1867, before the House Judiciary Committee, by General Gordon Granger. General Granger related a meeting between himself, President Andrew Jackson, who was a Mason, and Albert Pike, the most famous of all Masons. General Granger reported his surprise that President Jackson considered himself to be subordinate to Albert Pike. This subordination is detailed in the oath the initiate takes during the Third Degree, called the Master Mason's degree, inside the Blue Lodge. This oath states, "I do promise...that I will obey all...summonses given to me from the hand of a Brother Master Mason ..."  1868 Horatio Seymour, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Unknown Mason status. 1869-1877 Ulysses S. Grant, 18th. President of the United States (R) Unknown Mason status. Vice President, Schuyler Colfax, 1869-1873. Unknown Mason status. Vice President, Henry Wilson 1873-1875. Unknown Mason status. Jonas Mills Bundy (b.1835-1891) Confirmed Illuminati. Was a key advisor to President Grant, President Garfield, and President Chester A. Arthur. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) Grant was related to the following Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, maybe Washington, van Buren, and Tafts. (Everything is Under Control. Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups by Robert Anton Wilson pg 39-40) 1870-1880 William Strong, S.C.J. Associate Justice, Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Ulysses S. Grant. 1870-1892 Joseph P. Bradley, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Ulysses S. Grant. 1873-1882 Ward Hunt, Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Ulysses S. Grant. 1874-1888 Morrison Remick Waite, Chief Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Ulysses S. Grant. 1871 South Carolina, without declaring martial law, President Grant sent troops into nine counties of South Carolina to enforce a proclamation commanding the residents to give up their arms and ammunition. Grant suspended the writ of habeas corpus. More than 600 arrests had been made by the end of 1871. 1872 Horace Greeley, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Unknown Mason status. 1872 Charles Taze Russell, Founded International Bible Students Association. Forerunner to the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. Known as the Jehovah's Witnesses. Was a Knights Templar Mason of York Rite, in Allegheny Pa. Confirmed Mason. Also Russell had a secret Rosicrucian membership with the Quakertown, PA group of Rosicrucian's, as revealed by the pyramid he ordered erected over his grave site. His use of the Winged-Sun-Disk. Russell owned a cemetery in Pittsburgh. Leading Satanists try to own cemeteries for several reasons. First, it facilitates the disposal of human sacrifices which are buried in pieces below the fresh holes dug for someone else's burial. When the casket is placed in the hole, it would be rare for anyone to dig below the casket level ever again. Second, magic power is associated with cemeteries. The spiritual power of the dead is pulled up by making a circle of light over them then within the circle a naked Satanist lays. Third, specific bones are sought such as the skulls and left hands. Left hands are preserved in order to hold candles for certain ceremonies. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) I am very glad to have this particular opportunity of saying a word about some of the things in which we agree with our Masonic friends, because we are speaking in a building dedicated to Masonry, and we also are Masons. I am a Freemason. Charles Taze Russell. Secrets Of The Watchtower And Bible Tract Society 1876 Samuel J. Tilden, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Unknown Mason status. 1877-1881 Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th. President of the United States (R) Unknown Mason status. Vice President William A. Wheeler, 1877-1881. Unknown Mason Status. The Wheeler's have had major Satanic ties to the Illuminati. Have yet been able to identify if this Wheeler is one of those. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) 1877-1911 John Marshall Harlan, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President Rutherford B. Hayes. For several decades early in the 19th century, John Marshall was Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. In Chicago, a law school is named after him. The Establishment falsely portrays him as a great pillar of honor. A heavily documented book, however, shows the massive corruption involving Chief Justice Marshall, including huge land grabs by his relatives, litigation which Chief Justice Marshall covered up on his high court and did not disqualify himself. See: "The History of the Supreme Court" by Gustavus Myers, a book generally NOT allowed to be on the shelves of law libraries. Chief Justice Marshall's allegedly "famous" decision, Marbury vs. Madison, as the book documents, was a brazen scheme to block STATE SUPREME COURTS from proceeding with litigation contesting and investigating huge land grabs done by the Chief Justice and his circle of thieves and swindlers. America's Great Fairy Tales-pt.1 1878  Edward Baldwin Whitney. Skull and Bones. Field: Law: Justice, New York Supreme Ct. 1880-1887 William Burnham Woods, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President Rutherford B. Hayes. 1880 Winefield S. Hancock, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (D) Unknown Mason status. 1881 James A. Garfield, 20th. President of The United States (R) Confirmed Mason. (New World Order: The Ancient Plan of Secret Societies, William T. Still, pg. 21) Initiated: November 19, 1861, Magnolia Lodge, No. 20, Columbus, Ohio. Owing to Civil War duties, Brother Garfield did not receive the Third Degree until November 22, 1864 in Columbus Lodge No. 30, Columbus, Ohio. On October 10, 1866, he Affiliated with Garrettsville Lodge No. 246, Garrettsville, Ohio, serving as its Chaplain in 1868-1869. Brother Garfield then became a Charter Member of Pentalpha Lodge No. 23 of Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1869; in fact, he was one of the Petitioners for the Lodge Charter. Assassinated. Died while in office September 19, 1881. after he was shot in a railroad station. Vice President, Chester A. Arthur 1881. Unknown Mason status. Jonas Mills Bundy (b.1835-1891) Rumored Illuminati. Was a key advisor to President Grant, President Garfield, and President Chester A. Arthur. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) President Garfield was a cousin to Presidents Franklin Pierce and Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison. (Everything is Under Control. Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups by Robert Anton Wilson pg 39-40) James Garfield had an affair with Mrs Lucia Gilbert Calhoun  Before he became President Presidents and their reputed Affairs I think Garfield was assassinated on a monetary issue; he was resisting the banking plans of the Jesuits. He was a radical, red Republican, too, you know, so they got rid of their own. I�m not familiar with all of the details. All I know is Burke McCarty in the book The Suppressed Truth About The Assassination Of Lincoln named McKinley and Garfield as other victims of the Jesuit Order. And had the Lincoln assassination been solved, that would never have happened. The other important issue is that Garfield was a Freemason. So, they assassinate their own Freemasons, when they want to. The Black Pope 1881-1889 Stanley Matthews. S.C.J. Associate Justice. Nominated by Mason President James A. Garfield. Became a Mason in 1847, but demitted in 1856, long before he served on the Supreme Court. 1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur, 21st. President of the United States (R) Unknown Mason status. No Vice president during this term. Jonas Mills Bundy (b.1835-1891) Confirmed Illuminati. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) Was a key advisor to President Grant, President Garfield, and President Chester A. Arthur. 1882-1902 Horace Gray, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Chester A. Arthur. 1882-1893 Samuel Blatchford, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Confirmed Mason. Nominated by President Chester A. Arthur. 1882  Joseph Ernest Whitney. Skull and Bones. Field: Education: "Died Feb. 25th, 1893" 1884 James G. Blaine, loosing Presidential candidate for Presidency (R) Unknown Mason status. 1885-1889 Grover Cleveland, 22nd. President of the United States (D) Illuminati Puppet. William Collins Whitney, (of the Satanic Collins.) was the power behind Pres. Cleveland, who was his puppet. He also directed a group of powerful important capitalists called the Whitney Group. (Fritz Springmeier, The Illuminati Bloodlines) Vice President, Thomas A. Hendricks 1885. Unknown Mason status. Cleveland was a cousin to Presidents Franklin Pierce and James Garfield and Benjamin Harrison. (Everything is Under Control. Conspiracies, Cults, and Cover-Ups by Robert Anton Wilson pg 39-40) Grover Cleveland had an affair with Maria Halpin Before he became President, and while he was still a bachelor. They had a son, Oscar. Presidents and their reputed Affairs 1888-1910 Melville Weston Fuller, S.C.J. Chief Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Grover Cleveland. 1888-1893 Lucius Quintus C. Lamar, S.C.J. Associate Justice. Unknown Mason Status. Nominated by President Grover Cleveland.  

i don't know

December 11, 1941 saw what 2 countries declare war on the United States?

BBC ON THIS DAY | 11 | 1941: Germany and Italy declare war on US About This Site | Text Only 1941: Germany and Italy declare war on US Germany and Italy have announced they are at war with the United States. America immediately responded by declaring war on the two Axis powers. Three days ago, US President Franklin Roosevelt announced America was at war with Japan, the third Axis power, following the surprise attack on its naval base at Pearl Harbor. Today Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, made his declaration first - from the balcony over the Piazza Venezia in Rome - pledging the "powers of the pact of steel" were determined to win. Then Adolf Hitler made his announcement at the Reichstag in Berlin saying he had tried to avoid direct conflict with the US but, under the Tripartite Agreement signed on 27 September 1940, Germany was obliged to join with Italy to defend its ally Japan. "After victory has been achieved," he said. "Germany, Italy and Japan will continue in closest co-operation with a view to establishing a new and just order." He accused President Roosevelt of waging a campaign against Germany since 1937, blamed him for the outbreak of war in 1939 and said he was planning to invade Germany in 1943. Over in Washington, President Roosevelt told Congress the free world must act quickly and decisively against the enemy. "The forces endeavouring to enslave the entire world now are moving towards this hemisphere. "Delay invites danger. Rapid and united efforts by all peoples of the world who are determined to remain free will ensure world victory for the forces of justice and righteousness over the forces of savagery and barbarism." Resolutions against Germany and Italy were passed without debate. The only person who did not vote for war was pacifist Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin who had also voted against war with Japan. In the Senate the vote was unanimous. Both Democrats and Republicans have agreed to "adjourn politics" for the duration of the war and focus on national defence. They have passed a new law which allows US servicemen to fight anywhere in the world. Following the shock of Pearl Harbor, American citizens are flocking to volunteer for the US Navy and Marine Corps which do not take conscripts. The US Army has already grown tenfold since the draft was introduced last year.

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What company advertises its products with the tag line “Life’s Good”?

December 1941 December 1941 1 DECEMBER 1941 Marshal P�tain and General Goering reaffirmed Franco-German collaboration at St. Florentin. (France gave Germany naval and air bases in North Africa for release of war prisoners and reduction of occupation costs. Times, Dec. 5, 1941, p. 1.) 1 DECEMBER 1941 Ambassador Kurusu said the Japanese felt they must surrender or fight the United States. "Mr. Kurusu said that he noted that the President was returning to Washington in advance of his schedule and inquired what the reason for this was. The Secretary indicated that one of the factors in the present situation was the loud talk of the Japanese Prime Minister. (". . . the Japanese people believe that the United States wants to keep Japan fighting with China and to keep Japan strangled." Peace, p. 822.) " See doc. 2 DECEMBER 1941 The United States asked Japan for reasons for increasing its forces in Indochina ("It was my clear understanding that by the terms of the agreement-and there is no present need to discuss the nature of that agreement-between Japan and the French Government at Vichy that the total number of Japanese forces permitted by the terms of that agreement to be stationed in Indochina was very considerably less than the total amount of the forces already there. "The stationing of these increased Japanese forces in Indochina would seem to imply the utilization of these forces by Japan for purposes of further aggression, since no such number of forces could possibly be required for the policing of that region. . . . because of the broad problem of American defense. I should like to know the intention of the Japanese Government." [President Roosevelt in note handed to Japanese envoys by Under Secretary Welles.] Peace, p. 823 f.) See doc. Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 130, pp. 540 f. 2 DECEMBER 1941 (Because of "the deteriorating international situation." Times, Dec. 3, 1941, p. 4.) 5 December 1941 MEMORANDUM REGARDING A CONVERSATION BETWEEN THE SECRETARY OF STATE, THE JAPANESE AMBASSADOR (NOMURA), AND MR. KURUSU Japanese reply to query of Dec. 2: Troop movements in French Indochina were precautionary measures. ("As Chinese troops have recently shown frequent signs of movements along the northern frontier of French Indochina bordering on China, . . ." Cf. ". . . the Japanese troops . . . have been reinforced . . ." Peace, p. 828.) See doc. 6 DECEMBER 1941 President Roosevelt sent message to the Japanese Emperor asking troop withdrawal from French Indochina. ("Developments are occurring in the Pacific area which threaten to deprive each of our nations and all humanity of the beneficial influence of the long peace between our two countries. . . . During the past few weeks it has become clear to the world that Japanese military, naval, and air forces have been sent to Southern Indochina in such large numbers as to create a reasonable doubt on the part of other nations that this continuing concentration in Indochina is not defensive in its character. . . the people of the Philippines, of the hundreds of Islands of the East Indies, of Malaya, and of Thailand itself are asking themselves whether these forces of Japan are preparing or intending to make attack in one or more of these many directions. . . . It is clear that a continuance of such a situation is unthinkable." Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 129, p. 465. Cf. Peace, pp. 829 f. See doc. ) 6 DECEMBER 1941 Britain declared war on Finland, Hungary, and Rumania. ("No satisfactory replies having been received from the Finnish, Hungarian, and Rumanian Governments to notes addressed to them last week," as to ending wars with Russia. Times, December 6, 1941, p.1. "The Finnish Government's reply showed no disposition to respond to this overture nor have they ceased to pursue aggressive military operations on territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, an ally of Great Britain, in the closest collaboration with Germany. "The Finnish Government have sought to contend that their war against Soviet Russia does not involve participation in the general European war. This contention His Majesty's Government find it impossible to accept." Times, Dec. 7, 1941, p. 19. "The Hungarian [Rumanian], Government have for many months been pursuing aggressive military operations on territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, an ally of Great Britain, in the closest collaboration with Germany, thus participating in the general European war and making substantial contribution to the German war effort." Times, p. 19.) 6 DECEMBER 1941 Australia, Britain, the Netherlands Indies, and the United States completed defensive precautionary measures. (In event of a Pacific conflict. Times, p. 1.) 6 DECEMBER 1941 The United States signed lend‑lease agreement with Bolivia. (Times, p. 47.) The United States signed lend‑lease agreement with Bolivia. (Times, p. 47.) 7 DECEMBER 1941 HITLER ON PUNISHMENT OF OFFENDERS IN OCCUPIED TERRITORY "Night-and-Fog Decree" (Nacht-und-Nebel Erlass)." Within the occupied territories, the adequate punishment for offences committed against the German State or the occupying power which endanger their security or a state of readiness is on principle the death penalty. " See doc. 7 December 1941 MEMORANDUM REGARDING A CONVERSATION, BETWEEN THE SECRETARY OF STATE, THE JAPANESE AMBASSADOR (NOMURA), AND MR. KURUSU "The Japanese Ambassador asked for an appointment to see the Secretary at 1:00 p.m., but later telephoned and asked that the appointment be postponed to 1:45 as the Ambassador was not quite ready. The Ambassador and Mr. Kurusu arrived at the Department at 2:05 p.m. and were received by the Secretary at 2:20." See doc. 7 December 1941 CANADA DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN " Now, therefore, we do hereby declare and proclaim that a state of war with Japan exists and has existed as and from the seventh day of December, 1941. " See doc. 7 December 1941 Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, at 1:20 p. m. [Washington time] and also occupied the International Settlement at Shanghai. (Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 129, p. 474.) 7 December 1941 Japanese reply rejecting United States note of Nov. 26 was subsequently delivered to Secretary Hull at 2:15 p. m. [Washington time]. ("Obviously it is the intention of the American Government to conspire with Great Britain and other countries to obstruct Japan's efforts toward the establishment of peace through the creation of a new order in East Asia, and especially to preserve Anglo‑American rights and interests by keeping Japan and China at war. This intention has been revealed clearly during the course of the present negotiation. Thus, the earnest hope of the Japanese Government to adjust Japanese-American relations and to preserve and promote the peace of the Pacific through cooperation with the American Government has finally been lost." Bulletin, p. 470. Cf. Peace, p. 838.) "As soon as Secretary Hull had finished reading this note he turned to the Japanese Ambassador and said: " 'I must say that in all my conversations with you (the Japanese Ambassador) during the last nine months I have never uttered one word of untruth. This is borne out absolutely by the record. In all my fifty years of public service I have never seen a docu�ment that was more crowded with infamous falsehoods and distortions‑infamous falsehoods and distortions on a scale so huge that I never imagined until today that any Government on this planet was capable of uttering them.' " Japan, Vol. II, p. 787. 8 December 1941 THE AMBASSADOR IN JAPAN (GREW) TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE "Excellency, I have‑the honor to inform Your Excellency that there has arisen a state of war between Your Excellency's country and Japan beginning today." See doc. 8 December 1941 Japan invaded Thailand which capitulated. (Times, Dec. 9, 1941, p. 1.) 8 December 1941 AUSTRALIA DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN Union of South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Free France declared war on Japan. (Bulletin, p. 559.) "For the first time in the history of the Pacific, armed conflict stalks abroad. No other country than Japan desired war in the Pacific. The responsibility for this actual resort to war is therefore upon Japan.... Australia goes to its battle stations in defense of its very way of living. " See doc. 8 December 1941 THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS DECLARES WAR WITH JAPAN Declaration of war by The Netherlands and The Netherlands East Indies against Japan. ("In view of Japan's aggression against two powers with whom The Netherlands maintain particularly close relations, aggression directly threatening vital Netherlands interests . . " Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 130, pp. 558 f.) See doc. 8 December 1941 PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL'S BROADCAST ON WAR WITH JAPAN "You will remember that a month ago, with the full approval of the nation and of the Empire, I pledged the word of Great Britain that should the United States become involved in a war with Japan, a British declaration would follow within the hour. " See doc. 8 December 1941 Britain declared war against Japan. ("On the evening of December 7th His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom learned that the Japanese forces, without a previous warning either in the form of a declaration of war or of an ultimatum with a conditional declaration of war, had attempted a landing on the coast of Malaya and had bombed Singapore and Hong Kong. "In view of these wanton acts of unprovoked aggression, committed in flagrant violation of international law and particularly of Article I of the Third Hague Convention relative to the opening of hostilities, to which both Japan and the United Kingdom are parties, . . ." Commons, Vol. 376, col. 1358.) 8 December 1941 THE UNITED KINGDOM'S NOTIFICATION OF A STATE OF WAR WITH JAPAN "In view of these wanton acts of unprovoked aggression, committed in flagrant violation of international law, and particularly of Article 1 of the Third Hague Convention, relative to the opening of hostilities, to which both Japan and the United Kingdom are parties, His Majesty's Ambassador at Tokyo has been instructed to inform the Imperial Japanese Government in the name of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom that a state of war exists between the two countries. " See doc. 8 December 1941 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S ADDRESS TO CONGRESS Asking for a Declaration of a State of War between the United States and Japan, " Yesterday, 7 December 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. " See doc. 8 December 1941 The United States declared a state of war with Japan. ("Whereas the Imperial Government of Japan has committed unprovoked acts of war against the Government and the people of the United States of America: Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congressassembled, That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial Government of Japan which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and the President is hereby authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to carryon war against theImperial Government of Japan; and, to bring the conflict to a successfultermination, all of the resources of the country are hereby pledged by, the Congress of the United States. Approved, December 8, 1941, 4:10 p. m., E. S. T." 55 Stat. pt. I, p. 795.) 8 December 1941 Canada declared war on Japan. (Bulletin, p. 558.) 8 December 1941 Colombia broke diplomatic relations with Japan. ("The aggression which took place yesterday by the armed forces of the Japanese Empire against the United States constitutes the case clearly foreseen in Resolution Number Fifteen approved at the Second Meeting of Foreign Ministers at Habana on 'reciprocal assistance and defensive cooperation of the American nations' by which it is declared that `every attempt of a non‑American State against the integrity or inviolability of territory, against the sovereignty or political independence of an American State will be considered as an act of aggression against the States which sign this declaration.' " Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 129, p. 489.) 8 December 1941 Costa Rica declared war on Japan. (". . . because of unex�pected and extraordinary aggression of which your country has been the object on the part of Japan while negotiations for peace were going on between the two nations and in accordance with the principles of solidarity and defense of this hemisphere declared in various agreements [between the] American republics . . ." Bulletin, p. 490.) 8 December 1941 The Dominican Republic declared war on Japan. (". . . faithful to the noble principles which inspire its foreign policy . . . in order that it may be unified with the great American people in the defense of the sacred ideals of liberty and democracy which they so brilliantly support." Bulletin, p. 492.) 8 December 1941 El Salvador declared war on Japan. ("The Japanese attack on Hawaii and Manila is considered by me [President Martinez] contrary to the principle of law and treatment which is due a country with which Japan was at peace and is absolutely unjustified." Bulletin, p. 493.) 8 December 1941 Guatemala declared war on Japan. (". . . thus expressing solidarity of Guatemalan Government and people with the United States of America with which indestructible bonds of loyal friendship unite Guatemala." Bulletin, p. 494.) 8 December 1941 Haiti declared war on Japan. ("In view of the unjustifiable aggression of the Japanese Government against American possessions in the Pacific the Republic of Haiti, faithful to its policy of friendship and complete understanding with the United States of America and in accord with the Pan‑American doctrines of continental solidarity, has placed itself alongside of the sister republic in declaring war against the Japanese Empire." Bulletin, p. 495.) 8 December 1941 Honduras declared war on Japan. (Bulletin, p. 496.) Panama declared war on Japan. (By resolution of National Assembly. Bulletin, p. 500.) 9 December 1941 RADIO ADDRESS DELIVERED BY PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT FROM WASHINGTON " The sudden criminal attacks perpetrated by the Japanese in the Pacific provide the climax of a decade of international immorality." See doc. 9 December 1941 CHINA'S DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST JAPAN, ALSO AGAINST GERMANY AND ITALY " The Chinese Government hereby formally declares war on Japan. " China declared war on Japan (Bulletin, p. 506.) See doc. 9 December 1941 Cuba declared war on Japan. ("We consider that this aggression by a non‑American state against the integrity and inviolability of an American state is such a case as is contemplated in declaration No. 15 of the Conference of Habana, by virtue of which all the nations of this continent should likewise consider themselves attacked in the same way and should act jointly." Bulletin, pp. 491 f.) 9 December 1941 Mexico broke diplomatic relations with Japan. ("In accordance with the spirit of the resolutions adopted at the Second Consultative Meeting held at Habana in July 1940, . . ." Bulletin,p. 497.) 11 December 1941 THE GERMAN DECLARATION OF WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES Germany and Italy declared a state of war with the United States. (Bulletin, pp. 481 f.) "The German representatives handed to Mr. Atherton a copy of a note that is being delivered this morning, December 11, to the American Charg� d'Affaires in Berlin. Dr. Thomsen said that Germany considers herself in a state of war with the United States" See doc. 11 December 1941 HITLER ANNOUNCED TO THE REICHSTAG THE DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST THE UNITED STATES " Germany and Italy have been finally compelled, in view of this, and in loyalty to the Tri-Partite act, to carry on the struggle against the U.S.A. and England jointly and side by side with Japan for the defense and thus for themaintenance of the liberty and independence of their nations andempires." See doc. 11 December 1941 MUSSOLINI'S WAR STATEMENT Rome. " The powers of the steel pact, Fascist Italy and Nationalist Socialist Germany, ever closely linked, participate from today on the side of heroic Japan against the United States of America. " (Bulletin, pp. 481 f.) See doc. 11 December 1941 GERMANY, ITALY, AND JAPAN SIGN NEW PACT BARRING A SEPARATE PEACE WITH THE UNITED STATES OR GREAT BRITAIN " Italy, Germany and Japan undertake each for himself that none of the parties to the present accord will conclude either armistice or peace, be it with the United States or with England without complete and reciprocal agreement [of the three signatories to this pact]. " See doc. 11 December 1941 PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL'S REVIEW OF THE WAR TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS "It may well be that we shall have to suffer considerable punishment, but we shall defend ourselves everywhere with the utmost vigor in close co-operation with the United States and Netherlands Navies. The naval power of Great Britain and the United States was very greatly superior and is still largely superior to the combined forces of the three Axis Powers." See doc. 11 December 1941 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S ADDRESS TO CONGRESS Requesting recognition of a State of War existing between the United States and Germany and the United States and Italy. "The long-known and the long-expected has thus taken place. The forces endeavoring to enslave the entire world now are moving toward this hemisphere. " Peace, pp 848‑849.) See doc. 11 December 1941 Hungary broke diplomatic relations with the United States. "The Hungarian Prime Minister informed the American minister that in view of the solidarity of Central European states, which he compared with the solidarity of the republics of the Western Hemisphere, Hungary was obliged to break diplomatic relations with the United States. . . ." Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 482.) 11 December 1941 Poland declared war with Japan. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 507.) 11 December 1941 Nicaragua declared war on Japan. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 499.) 11 December 1941 Cuba, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua declared war with Germany and Italy. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, pp. 492, 547, 550, 560.) 11 December 1941 Mexico broke diplomatic relations with Germany and Italy. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 548.) 12 December 1941 Haiti, Honduras, Panama declared war on Germany and Italy. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 560.) 12 December 1941 Rumania declared war with the United States. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 561.) 12 December 1941 EAMON DE VALERA'S SPEECH ON EIRE NEUTRALITY CORK, IRELAND " The policy of the state remains unchanged. We can only be friendly neutral. From the moment this war began, there was, for this state, only one policy possible, neutrality. Our circumstances, our history, the incompleteness of our national freedom through the partition of our country, made any other policy impossible." See doc. 13 December 1941 El Salvador declared war on Germany and Italy. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 560.) 13 December 1941 Bulgaria declared war on the United States. ("in accordance with article 3 of the Tripartite pact." Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 561) as did Hungary. (Ibid., p. 561.) 16 December 1941 Czechoslovakia declared war on all countries at war with Great Britain, Russia, or the United States. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 561.) 17 December 1941 Albania reported declared war on the United States. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 129, p. 561.) 20 December 1941 Nicaragua declared war on Rumania, Hungary, Bulgaria. (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 131, p. 584.) 20 December 1941 JOSEPH GOEBBELS' PLEA FOR CLOTHING FOR TROOPS ON THE RUSSIAN FRONT, ALSO HITLER'S PROCLAMATION READ BY GOEBBELS "Nevertheless, there are still in the homeland countless objects of Winter equipment of the civil population which the population admittedly cannot very well spare but which, however, the front needs at this time without a doubt to a greater degree than the Fatherland. " See doc. 21 December 1941 THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ASSUMPTION OF THE DIRECT COMMAND BY ADOLPH HITLER WITH HIS PROCLAMATION TO THE GERMAN ARMY " In logical pursuance of his decision of Feb. 4, 1938, the F�hrer, while fully appreciating the services rendered by the former Commander in Chief of the army, Field Marshal von Brauchitsch, decided to unite in his hands the command of the entire armed forces with the High Command of the army. " See doc. 23 December 1941 Mexico broke off relations with Bulgaria, Hungary, and Rumania. (". . . for reasons connected with continental solidarity . . ." (Bulletin, Vol. V., No. 131, p. 584.) 26 December 1941 PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL'S ADDRESS TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES "The fact that my American forebears have for so many generations played their part in the life of the United States, and that here I am, an Englishman, welcomed in your midst, makes this experience one of the most moving and thrilling in my life, which is already long and has not been entirely uneventful. I wish indeed that my mother, whose memory I cherish, across the vale of years, could have been here to see. By the way, I cannot help reflecting that if my father had been American and my mother British instead of the other way around, I might have got here on my own." See doc.

i don't know

The Green Bay Packers play at what storied stadium?

Packers.com | Birth of a Team & a Legend BENGTSON PERIOD Phil Bengtson Following the third consecutive title in 1967, Lombardi turned over the head-coaching duties to Phil Bengtson and one year later announced that he was leaving Green Bay to become coach/GM of the Washington Redskins. Bengtson coached the Packers from 1968-70, compiling a 20-21-1 record. He resigned in December 1970.   THE DEVINE DAYS Dan Devine, one of the nation’s most successful college coaches, succeeded Bengtson as head coach and general manager in January 1971. After settling for a 4-8-2 record during his first year, Devine and the Packers appeared on the road to new heights when 1972 produced a 10-4 record and the team’s first Central Division title since 1967. But the Packers’ Super Bowl hopes dissolved in the second half of 1973 and they slipped to 5-7-2. They continued their regression in 1974, going 6-8, and Devine resigned.   THE STARR TREK Winner of a recorded five NFL championships as a starting quarterback, Bart Starr was the overwhelming choice of Packers fans to succeed Devine and the executive committee complied by awarding him a three-year contract as head coach and general manager, Dec. 24, 1974. Starr asked for “the prayers and patience of Packer fans everywhere … We will earn everything else.” Starr had only one season of experience as a coach – he was Devine’s quarterbacks coach in 1972 – and things didn’t turn out as he and Packers fans had hoped. He was handcuffed by a disastrous trade for aging quarterback John Hadl, which was agreed to by Devine just before the trade deadline of his final season. Having given up five prime draft picks in the Hadl deal, the Packers finished 4-10, 5-9 and 4-10 again in Starr’s first three seasons. They raised hope with an 8-7-1 finish in 1978, but then couldn’t get over the hump. Over five more seasons, the Packers enjoyed only one winning record, a 5-3-1 finish in the strike-shortened 1982 season. The Packers made the playoffs that year and beat the St. Louis Cardinals in a home playoff game, but when the Packers went 8-8 in 1983, Starr was fired the day following a disappointing 23-21 loss at Soldier Field to the rival Chicago Bears. THE GREGG ERA The Packers replaced Starr with another beloved player from the Lombardi era. On Dec. 24, 1983, Forrest Gregg, a former Starr teammate and one of the premier offensive tackles in football history, became the Packers’ ninth head coach. Gregg had led Cincinnati into Super Bowl XVI following the 1981 season and his 19-6 record over the 1981-82 seasons was the best in pro football. He started out with back-to-back 8-8 seasons as he tried to mold the roster in his own tough-guy image, but he went 4-12 and 5-9-1 in his final two years and resigned (Jan. 15, 1988) to become head coach at his alma mater, Southern Methodist University.   INFANTE SIGNS ON On Feb. 3, 1988, after interviewing a host of candidates and having his preferred choice, Michigan State coach George Perles, accept the job and then back out, executive vice president of football operations Tom Braatz hired Lindy Infante as Gregg’s successor. Infante, who had been the Cleveland Browns’ offensive coordinator, was considered a shrewd play-caller, but except for a 10-6 finish in 1989, his teams largely struggled on offense and he was fired after four seasons. By then, Braatz also had been fired and replaced by Ron Wolf, who was given the title of general manager and complete control over the Packers’ football operation. Wolf was hired Nov. 27, 1991. Braatz had been hired prior to Gregg’s final season as coach in a power-sharing arrangement and fired one week before Wolf was hired. The front-office overhaul was executed by Bob Harlan, who had been named president of the Packers prior to the 1989 season after serving the team for 18 years in several administrative roles. Harlan had joined the Packers when Devine was coach and general manager and had witnessed each coaching hire in the years since finish with a worse record than his predecessor. In the 24 seasons since Lombardi had stepped down as coach, the Packers had finished with a winning record five times and qualified for the playoffs only twice. Harlan was determined to put an end to the drought. Wolf began the process Dec. 22, 1991, by firing Infante.   THE HOLMGREN ERA Wolf named Mike Holmgren, offensive architect of San Francisco’s four-time Super Bowl champions, to succeed Infante, Jan. 11, 1992. Holmgren, sought by five other clubs, received a five-year contract. Next, Wolf traded for quarterback Brett Favre, who had played little in his rookie season with Atlanta. But Wolf had rated Favre much higher than most NFL scouts while he was still working for the New York Jets and confidently rolled the dice. Not only hadn’t the Packers won in 24 years, but their quarterback situation had been less than desirable for most of that time, as well. Three games into the Wolf-Holmgren Era, Favre led the Packers to a stunning, last-minute victory over the Cincinnati Bengals at Lambeau Field. The next week, he made his debut as a starter and the Packers were headed in the right direction for the first time in a quarter-century. In 1992, the Packers surprised the NFL with a 9-7 finish. Holmgren became only the third head coach in team history to register a winning record in his first season, and it was punctuated by a six-game winning streak, the team’s longest since 1965. Holmgren guided the Packers into the playoffs in 1993,  forging a second-straight 9-7 record. They also won their first playoff game in 11 years on a “Hail Mary” Favre-to-Sterling Sharpe pass in the final minute that eliminated Detroit, 28-24. They then fell at Dallas, 27-17, in the divisional round. The Packers reached the playoffs again in 1994 and ’95, only to be eliminated on two more occasions by the Cowboys. But the Favre-led Packers were on the upswing. After finishing 9-7 for a third straight time in 1994, they improved to 11-5 and won their first NFC Central Division title since 1972. They also advanced one more round in the playoffs, losing to Dallas in the NFC Championship Game in ’95 after getting bounced in the divisional round the year before. Two highlights of those seasons were holding the incomparable Barry Sanders to minus-1 yard on 13 attempts in a 16-12 playoff victory at Lambeau Field following the ’94 season, and formally dethroning the defending Super Bowl champion San Francisco 49ers in their own stadium, 3Com Park, 27-17, in an NFC Divisional Playoff. Putting nearly three decades of disappointment emphatically behind them, the Packers rewarded their long-patient faithful in 1996. Shunting aside eight of their first nine foes, they swept to a 13-3 record and their second straight division championship. Then, they captured their first NFL title since 1967, dispatching New England, 35-21, in Super Bowl XXXI at the Louisiana Superdome. Displaying impressive consistency on both sides of the ball, they documented their superiority, outscoring three opponents 100-48 in a postseason sweep. Appropriately, the first two wins were before their Lambeau loyalists – a 35-14 divisional triumph over the 49ers and a 30-13 win over the upstart Carolina Panthers in the NFC title game. In winning a 12th NFL championship, extending their own league record, the Packers joined an elite group of teams with three or more Super Bowls (Dallas, San Francisco, Pittsburgh, Oakland and Washington). The Packers thus entered 1997 with an opportunity to win back-to-back Super Bowls for a second time – and came breathtakingly close to achieving their objective. Sweeping to a second consecutive 13-3 mark, they smothered the 49ers on a soggy, rain-swept afternoon in San Francisco, 23-10. In a seesaw affair, Super Bowl XXXII in San Diego found the Packers trailing Denver at halftime, 17-14. Hopes of a repeat were high, however, when Favre engineered an 85-yard drive, knotting the contest, 24-24, early in the fourth quarter. But the Broncos later scored with only 1:45 remaining and a last-minute Packers drive fell short when Favre’s pass for tight end Mark Chmura fell incomplete inside the Denver 20, with only 28 seconds left, sealing the Broncos’ 31-24 win. A third straight Super Bowl trip, a realistic goal at the outset, eluded the Packers in 1998, their 80th season. Historic accomplishment, however, did not, as they advanced to the playoffs for the sixth year in a row, a team record, while posting a seventh consecutive winning season. They set another team record by stretching their Lambeau Field winning streak to 25 games – the second longest in NFL history – before falling to the Minnesota Vikings on Oct. 5. They finished 11-5, equaling another team standard by posting a double-digit victory total for the fourth consecutive year (11-5 in 1995, 13-3 in both 1996 and 1997). The only other time Green Bay had strung together four seasons of 10-plus wins was 67 years earlier – Lambeau’s triple NFL champions of 1929-32  (12-0-1 in 1929, 10-3-1 in 1930, 12-2 in 1931 and 10-3-1 in 1932). In the wake of these considerable achievements, the Packers’ season came to a dramatic and painful end in an NFC Wild Card game at San Francisco, when a 27-23 lead abruptly dissolved into a 30-27 49ers victory. Steve Young’s 25-yard touchdown pass to Terrell Owens sealed the game with just three seconds left. Only five days later, Holmgren resigned to become head coach and director of football operations for the Seattle Seahawks. Mike Holmgren's first Packers coaching staff, in 1992, contained five future head coaches: Jon Gruden, Dick Jauron, Steve Mariucci, Andy Reid and Ray Rhodes.   ROUGH RHODE(S) Moving swiftly, Wolf tabbed Ray Rhodes, former Eagles head coach and Green Bay defensive coordinator, as the Packers’ 12th head coach, Jan. 11, 1999. The Packers launched 1999 under Rhodes in breathtaking fashion, winning three of the first four games in the last minute. Fate, however, suddenly stopped smiling as Green Bay (8-8) missed the playoffs for the first time since 1992, ending seven straight winning seasons. Saying the Packers lacked the needed toughness and fire, Wolf relieved Rhodes soon after the season finale.   THE SHERMAN TENURE After searching more than two weeks, Wolf surprised many NFL observers by naming Mike Sherman as the Packers’ 13th head coach, Jan. 18, 2000. As recently as the 1997-98 seasons, Sherman had served as the Packers’ tight ends/ assistant offensive line coach. Sherman finished 9-7, but out of the playoffs his first season. Soon thereafter, on Feb. 1, 2001, Wolf retired as the team’s executive vice president and general manager, and Harlan quickly named Sherman to replace Wolf. Sherman became the first head coach with the GM title since Starr in 1980. Wolf’s impressive nine-year tenure included 101 total victories (including eight in the playoffs) and the NFL’s best regular-season record (83-45) since the 1993 advent of free agency. Sherman returned the Packers to the playoffs in 2001 and again in 2002, when they tied for the league’s best record at 12-4. But they lost in the second round of the playoffs in 2001 and the first round in 2002. In 2003, the Packers appeared destined to reach the NFC Championship Game, if not the Super Bowl, when they won their final four regular-season games, including an inspiring 41-7 victory over Oakland engineered by a heavy-hearted Favre following the death of his father. The following week, Green Bay captured an improbable division title in the last two minutes of the season, when Arizona upset Minnesota and the Lambeau Field crowd broke the news to the Packers.  But Donovan McNabb led the Philadelphia Eagles to a come-from-behind, 20-17 overtime win to end an emotional Packers run in the divisional playoffs. Not to be forgotten, the 2003 season included changes to three of the most-revered records in Packers history (Gregg’s 33-year-old consecutive-games streak, broken by Favre; Taylor’s 41-year-old season rushing record, surpassed by Ahman Green; and Hutson’s 58-year-old career scoring mark, eclipsed by Ryan Longwell). The Packers won a third straight NFC North title under Sherman in 2004, but lost to Minnesota in a Wild Card Playoff at Lambeau. On Jan. 14, 2005, Harlan restructured the team’s football operations, naming Ted Thompson general manager, with full authority over football decisions. Harlan said he based the decision on his belief in a preferred structure – separate individuals for the GM and head-coach positions. The Packers crumbled to a 4-12 mark in 2005 and Thompson dismissed Sherman. He made the announcement on Jan. 2, 2006, saying it was time for a new face to lead the team.   THE PRESENT Thompson underwent an intensive nine-day search to tab Mike McCarthy the franchise’s 14th head coach (Jan. 12, 2006). McCarthy guided the Packers to a resilient four-game winning streak to close his first season as head coach with an 8-8 record, keeping the team in contention for the playoffs until the final weekend of 2006, when mere percentage points dubbed the Giants the NFC’s last postseason qualifier. McCarthy was disappointed the Packers just missed the playoffs, particularly because the team was as healthy as it had been all season and was playing its best football the last month. But the NFL’s youngest club carried that momentum into 2007, winning its first four games and ultimately tying the then-franchise record for regular-season victories with a 13-3 mark. McCarthy also tied Sherman’s team mark for the most wins by a head coach in his first two seasons (21). With Joe Philbin taking over as offensive coordinator, Ryan Grant emerging at midseason as a feature back, and Favre enjoying a brilliant final season in Green Bay, the offense finished second in the league, its highest ranking since 1983. Grant then posted franchise playoff records of 201 rushing yards and three touchdowns in a 42-20 snow-filled NFC playoff triumph over Seattle at Lambeau, but the club’s quest for a fifth Super Bowl appearance came up agonizingly short. In the third-coldest game in NFL championship history, with a temperature of minus-1 and wind chill of minus-23 at kickoff, Green Bay fell at home, 23-20, in overtime to the New York Giants in the NFC Championship Game. In 2008, the torch was passed to Aaron Rodgers from Favre, who retired in March with virtually every significant NFL passing record, un-retired in July and was traded to the New York Jets during the first week of training camp. Rodgers became just the second quarterback in league history to pass for more than 4,000 yards in his first season as a starter, and the offense produced a 4,000-yard passer, 1,200-yard rusher (Grant) and two 1,000-yard receivers (Greg Jennings, Donald Driver) for the first time in team history. On defense, the team set a franchise record with seven touchdowns, including six on interception returns, leading to Pro Bowl berths for three-fourths of the starting secondary in Nick Collins, Charles Woodson and Al Harris. But that wasn’t enough to overcome injuries and other shortcomings on that side of the ball, and with the team losing seven games by four points or less, the final 6-10 mark was just the franchise’s second losing season dating back to 1992. That led to a series of changes on the coaching staff, most of them on defense, as McCarthy hired Dom Capers as his new defensive coordinator to institute a switch to a 3-4 scheme. The players responded faster than most predicted in 2009, climbing all the way to No. 2 in the league in yards allowed and No. 1 against the run for the first time in team history, setting a franchise record for the fewest rushing yards allowed per game (83.3). That defensive prowess was highlighted by Woodson winning NFL Defensive Player of the Year, rookie Clay Matthews leading the team in sacks, and Collins joining both as Pro Bowl honorees. Combined with another dynamic season on offense – as the quartet of Rodgers, Grant, Jennings and Driver repeated their feat of the prior year and a new franchise record for points (461) was established – the Packers won seven of their final eight regular-season games to finish 11-5 and earn an NFC Wild Card playoff berth. Rodgers earned his first Pro Bowl nod and made a memorable postseason debut, throwing for a Green Bay postseason-record 423 yards and record-tying four TDs as he rallied the Packers from a 21-point second-half deficit. Emerging tight end Jermichael Finley also set a team playoff mark with 159 yards receiving and tied a team postseason record with nine receptions. Ultimately the Packers came up short, however, dropping a 51-45 overtime heartbreaker in Arizona, the highest-scoring postseason game in NFL history. But the disappointment fueled a determination and the late-season surge sparked a genuine optimism heading into 2010. That optimism led to high expectations, and the Packers became a popular preseason pick to represent the NFC in the Super Bowl. Boasting both a deep and maturing roster, and relative scheme continuity on both sides of the ball, Green Bay was primed for a deep playoff run. The team got out to a 3-1 start in the season’s first quarter, but injuries to key players mounted. Grant, a back-to-back 1,200-yard rusher, was lost for the season in Week 1. Finley, the team’s leading receiver entering Week 5, was also placed on injured reserve, as was linebacker Nick Barnett, the third all-time leading tackler in franchise history. By season’s end, the Packers would place 15 players on the season-ending injured list. Despite the injuries, the Packers never blinked. Rodgers led the offense by throwing for nearly 4,000 yards and posting a quarterback rating of 101.2. Jennings finished with 1,265 yards and earned his first selection to the Pro Bowl. Defensively, the Packers ranked No. 2 in the NFL in scoring defense at 15.0 points per game. Matthews, who racked up 13½ sacks, was voted a Pro Bowl starter and a consensus first-team All-Pro and was named the league’s Defensive Player of the Year by various publications. In the secondary, Woodson set career highs in tackles and forced fumbles, becoming the team’s emotional leader throughout. His counterpart at corner, Tramon Williams, led the team with six interceptions, earning his first bid to the Pro Bowl, where he was joined by Collins, who was chosen for the third consecutive year. The Packers’ six losses came by a combined 20 points, and they became the first team since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 to never trail a game by more than seven points over an entire season. They finished the regular season with a 10-6 record and secured the sixth and final seed in the NFC’s playoff bracket. Taking to the road for the NFC playoffs, the Packers started by bottling up the Eagles’ offensive attack and winning the opening-round Wild Card game at Philadelphia by a score of 21-16. The following week they traveled to Atlanta to take on the top-seeded Falcons. After an initial back and forth, Green Bay exploded with a 28-point second quarter and never looked back. On the strength of a near-flawless display of quarterbacking by Rodgers (31 of 36 for 366 yards and three TDs), and two crucial interceptions by Williams, the Packers hammered the Falcons, 48-21, the second-largest margin of victory in team postseason history. For the NFC championship, the Packers faced their division rival, the Chicago Bears, for a chance to return to the Super Bowl for the first time since the 1997 season. The game marked just the second-ever meeting between the two teams in the postseason. The Packers got out to a 14-0 lead early in the second quarter. The opportunistic defense forced three Chicago turnovers, highlighted by an improbable 18-yard interception return for a touchdown by nose tackle B.J. Raji that put Green Bay ahead, 21-7, late in the fourth quarter. Rookie cornerback Sam Shields sealed the 21-14 win on the Bears’ final drive, making his second interception of the game to send the franchise to its fifth Super Bowl.  The Super Bowl pitted the Packers against the AFC champion Pittsburgh Steelers. In what was billed as a matchup between two renowned 3-4 defenses, it was the Green Bay offense, led once again by the exceptionally precise Rodgers, that was the difference. The Packers stormed out to a 21-3 lead in the first half, with two touchdowns coming off the arm of Rodgers and one on an interception return by Collins. Under circumstances reflective of the entire season, the Packers were forced to overcome injuries, as veteran stalwarts Driver and Woodson were both ruled out of the game late in the first half. The Steelers fought their way back, but a forced fumble by Matthews at the start of the fourth quarter led to another Rodgers touchdown pass. Forcing a turnover on downs on Pittsburgh’s final drive, the Packers won the franchise’s fourth Super Bowl, 31-25. In the months that followed the season, both Thompson and McCarthy were rewarded with multi-year contract extensions. With an unquestioned franchise quarterback, a nucleus of young veterans, and a roster even further bolstered by the return of injured players and a 10-man draft class, all eyes were set on the quest for another world title in 2011. Due to a league-wide work stoppage that began in early March, the Packers were deprived of an offseason program. The ongoing labor negotiations meant that the players first convened as a team at the start of training camp in late July. With an abbreviated training camp schedule and a bull’s-eye on their backs as the reigning champions, the Packers would have to rely on their stable roster and established schemes to help pick up where the team had left off in early February. And that they did. Beginning with the NFL’s season-opening Thursday night spectacle against the New Orleans Saints at Lambeau Field, the Packers stormed through the regular season, reeling off a team-record 13 consecutive wins en route to a franchise-best 15-1 record. The team became just the sixth in NFL history to reach the 15-win plateau, and when combining the start of 2011 with the six wins that closed out 2010, the 19-game winning streak was the longest in team history and second longest in league annals. The franchise laid claim to its first NFC North division title since 2007 and secured the conference’s No. 1 seed for the playoffs. Throughout the season, the recipe for success was written by Rodgers and a prolific offense that scored 560 points, the third-highest total in league history. Rodgers earned the league’s Most Valuable Player award and consensus first-team All-Pro honors from almost every major publication. His 122.5 cumulative passer rating set a new NFL record and he also eclipsed the previous franchise single-season marks for yards, touchdowns, completion percentage, yards per attempt and 300-yard games. The Packers continued to display their knack for taking the football away on defense, leading the NFL with 31 interceptions, the most by a Green Bay team since 1962. Woodson tied for the NFL lead with seven INTs. The defense’s 38 takeaways tied for the league lead and helped contribute to the team’s plus-24 differential in the turnover department, a mark that also tied for No. 2 in franchise history. Joining Rodgers, Woodson and Matthews in the Pro Bowl were Jennings, FB John Kuhn, Raji and C Scott Wells, giving the Packers seven representatives, the most voted in for the franchise since 1967. In the postseason, Green Bay fell victim to uncharacteristic, costly turnovers in its only contest, and lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants in the divisional round, 37-20. The loss to the Giants left a foul taste in the team’s collective mouth as they entered the offseason with a renewed focus on the ultimate prize in 2012.  The Packers entered the 2012 campaign with strong motivation and a recalibrated focus that centered upon getting the team to peak at the right time: the end of the regular season and playoffs. With that in mind, the club overcame its share of adversity in the season’s early going, recovering from a 2-3 start to win 9 of 10 games in Weeks 6-16 and putting itself in prime position for the postseason. With a win at Chicago in Week 15, the Packers secured their second consecutive NFC North title, marking the franchise’s first back-to-back divison conquest since it captured three straight from 2002-04. During the regular season, it was once again a Rodgers-led offense that forged the team’s identity. The unit ranked No. 5 in the league in scoring despite being plagued by injuries throughout the season. Five different players started at running back in addition to five different combinations on the offensive line, and primary targets Jennings and Jordy Nelson missed 12 full games combined and parts of others with various ailments.   Defensively, the Packers climbed to No. 11 in pass defense on the strength of an 81-yard-per-game improvement over the previous season. Despite suffering a hamstring injury in Week 9 that shelved him for a month, Matthews still managed to finish fifth in the NFL with 13 sacks and became the first player in franchise history to be named to the Pro Bowl in each of his first four seasons in the league. The defense was also aided by second-round pick Casey Hayward, who led the team and all NFL rookies with six interceptions. Finishing the season with an 11-5 record, the Packers laid claim to the No. 3 seed in the NFC and a Wild Card matchup with the division-rival Minnesota Vikings. The game marked the two teams’ third meeting over a six-week stretch, and the defense managed to keep league MVP Adrian Peterson in check while Rodgers and the offense built a 24-3 margin en route to a 24-10 victory. In the following week’s divisional-round contest at San Francisco, the 49ers’ offense proved too much for Green Bay to handle, and despite only trailing 24-21 at halftime, a second-half surge saw the Packers ultimately fall, 45-31. The typically quiet Green Bay offseason was highlighted by long-term contract extensions for both Matthews and Rodgers. The Packers welcomed the 2013 campaign and an upgraded facility, as the organization put the finishing touches on the first phase of another Lambeau Field construction project that was highlighted by the addition of 6,700 new seats in the south end zone of the stadium bowl. In 2013 the Packers were beseiged by injuries to key players at a host of positions. Bryan Bulaga, Randall Cobb, Finley, Hayward and Matthews all missed significant portions of the season. However, the most devastating blow came against the Bears in Week 9, when Rodgers suffered a broken collarbone that would sideline him for the ensuing seven games, a stretch that saw the team post a 2-4-1 record during his absence. Despite the volume of adversity, there were a number of positives. First and foremost was the emergence of rookie RB Eddie Lacy, who powered the Packers to the No. 7-ranked rush offense in the league and led all NFL rookies with 284 carries, 1,178 yards (4.1 avg.) and 11 TDs, all team rookie records. Lacy earned a bid to the Pro Bowl, was named second-team All-Pro by AP, and became the first Packer since RB John Brockington in 1971 to be voted the recipient of the AP’s Offensive Rookie of the Year. Another bright spot was the play of backup QB Matt Flynn, who breathed life into the staggering team, keeping its playoff hopes alive with comeback victories in Weeks 14-15.  Rodgers returned in Week 17 with the Packers needing a victory at the archrival Bears to advance to the postseason. With the season on the line in the waning moments of the finale, Rodgers escaped pressure on a fourth-and-8 play and found Cobb wide open downfield for a game-winning 48-yard TD, clinching the Packers’ third consecutive NFC North division title and earning the No. 4 seed in the playoffs. The Packers welcomed San Francisco to Lambeau Field for the Wild Card game. With the game tied at 20-20 late in the fourth quarter, the 49ers burned the remaining 5:06 off the clock, and kicked a game-winning 33-yard field goal as time expired. With an offseason to rest and nine new additions through the draft, the Packers were ready to hit the ground running in 2014. After road losses in two of the first three games of the 2014 season, the Packers won each of the next four games. The winning streak was fueled by an offense that put up at least 38 points in three of the contests. Over the four games, Rodgers threw 13 TDs and zero INTs, setting the pace for a season that would result in him being named the NFL MVP by AP for the second time in his career. After a loss at New Orleans, Green Bay returned to Lambeau after the bye week to register wins over Chicago and Philadelphia as it became the second team in NFL history (Los Angeles Rams, 1950) to score 53-plus points in back-to-back games. The Packers went back on the road to take on division foe Minnesota and came away with a 24-21 victory that was powered by Lacy’s season-high 125 rushing yards and two TDs. Green Bay hosted New England the next week in a battle of two of the NFL’s best teams and quarterbacks. Rodgers and Tom Brady both recorded passer ratings over 100.0, and Green Bay edged the eventual Super Bowl champs, 26-21. In Week 14, the Packers used a 31-point first half to hold off a Falcons team that scored 30 points in the second half, to win 43-37. Green Bay’s five-game winning streak came to an end in Buffalo, as the Packers fell to the Bills, 21-13. Green Bay rebounded the next week in Tampa Bay with a 20-3 victory in which the defense sacked Josh McCown seven times and held the Bucs to 109 total net yards. The Packers entered the final game of the regular season against the Lions with the NFC North title on the line. Green Bay built a 14-0 lead, but Rodgers re-injured the calf he hurt the previous week on his 4-yard TD pass to Cobb. Matthew Stafford connected with Calvin Johnson on two TDs to tie the game at 14. Rodgers, who returned to the game after a visit to the locker room to treat his calf, would find Cobb for another TD and sneak one in from a yard out to give Green Bay a 28-14 lead. The Packers held on for a 30-20 victory, capturing their franchise-record fourth straight division title. Green Bay completed the regular season tied for first in the NFL with a 12-4 record, including an unblemished 8-0 at home. Rodgers threw 24 touchdowns with zero interceptions at Lambeau, joining Brady (2003) as the only QBs in NFL history to throw 200-plus passes at home in a single regular season with no INTs. Rodgers’ set an NFL record with a 133.2 passer rating at home during the regular season. The Packers’ home success during the regular season continued into the divisional round when they hosted the Dallas Cowboys. Green Bay rallied from an eight-point deficit in the second half to take a 26-21 lead. With under five minutes to play, Dallas faced a fourth-and-2 at the Packers’ 32-yard line and QB Tony Romo launched a pass to leaping WR Dez Bryant that was initially ruled a completion at the Green Bay 1-yard line. After replay review, the call was overturned and the Packers converted two third downs to secure the victory. The season came to an end the following week in Seattle after the Seahawks rallied in the final minutes of the fourth quarter to beat the Packers, 28-22, in overtime. Green Bay used the offseason to lock up free agents Cobb and T Bryan Bulaga, setting them up for another run in 2015. The Packers entered the 2015 regular season short-handed after losing Pro Bowl WR Jordy Nelson to a season-ending knee injury in the preseason. Green Bay overcame the loss early in the season, starting 6-0 for just the fourth time since 1945. The winning streak involved a victory at Chicago in Week 1, followed by prime-time wins at Lambeau Field over Seattle and Kansas City. In Week 4, the Packers won a defensive battle at San Francisco, 17-3, marking the sixth time since 2000 that Green Bay allowed three or fewer points on the road. Green Bay returned to Lambeau and completed the 6-0 start with victories over St. Louis (24-10) and San Diego (27-20). The victory over the Chargers was the 100th regular-season win for McCarthy in just his 150th game, making him the fastest active NFL coach at the time to reach the 100-win plateau and tied for the seventh fastest in NFL history. The Week 6 contest also saw Rodgers go over the 30,000-yard passing mark for his career on just 3,652 attempts, the fewest needed in NFL history. After the bye week, the Packers dropped three consecutive games, losing on the road to two undefeated teams, Denver and Carolina, and then came up two points short to Detroit at home. Green Bay got back on track with a 30-13 win at Minnesota, recording six sacks to tie the single-season franchise record for most games (three) with six-plus sacks (1966, 1978, 1991). Green Bay honored Hall of Famer Brett Favre by unveiling his name and retired No. 4 during halftime of the Packers’ first home Thanksgiving game since 1923. The night would end with a four-point loss to the Bears. Green Bay found itself in another tight game the next week in Detroit. Trailing by two points, Rodgers launched a 61-yard pass that would connect with a leaping TE Richard Rodgers in the end zone as time expired to give Green Bay a 27-23 victory. Green Bay returned home to beat Dallas, 28-7, and then traveled to defeat the Oakland Raiders, 30-20. The Packers finished the regular season with a road loss to Arizona (38-8) and a home loss to Minnesota (20-13). The Packers’ 10-6 record earned them the 31st postseason appearance in franchise history, tied for the most in the NFL. It was also the seventh consecutive season making the playoffs, a team record. As the No. 5 seed, the Packers traveled to take on NFC East champion Washington. A 35-18 victory over the Redskins advanced Green Bay to the divisional round of the playoffs. Nearly three weeks after losing at Arizona, Green Bay returned to the desert for a postseason meeting with the Cardinals. After a back-and-forth game, the Packers found themselves down seven and 41 yards away from the end zone with time for one play. Aaron Rodgers heaved a pass to the end zone that WR Jeff Janis leaped to grab and the game went into overtime. For the second consecutive year, Green Bay’s season would end on the first possession of overtime as Arizona went 80 yards in three plays to score a touchdown and win the game, 26-20.  

Lambeau Field

On December 7, 1787, which US state became the first to ratify the US Constitution, a fact that they display on their license plates?

Green Bay Packers Tickets | 2017 Packers Tickets Green Bay Packers Tickets TicketCity > Green Bay Packers Tickets All Games Back to Top The Packers average ticket price for regular season NFL games has remained relatively consistent over the last six seasons. Average Packers ticket prices experienced no change with a flat rate in 2014 and 2015 at a $188 average ticket price. The largest increase came during the 2012 season with an increase of 42% moving from $118 average ticket price to $205 average ticket price. The average ticket price for Houston Texans regular season NFL tickets for 2016 is currently at its highest over the previous six years with a price of $228. (Data updated 11/2/2016) How to Buy Green Bay Packers Tickets 1. Scan through the 2017 Green Bay Packers Schedule and select the game that you would like to attend, or use the opponent or date filters beside the Green Bay Packers ticket listings to find the perfect matchup. 2. Click “Select” to reveal all available Green Bay Packers tickets, the Lambeau Field interactive seating chart, ticket quantity, and ticket price filters. Use the ticket price filter, and ticket quantity filter to quickly refine your search to the available Green Bay Packers tickets that are in your price range. You can also utilize the “eTickets Only” filter to find all Green Bay Packers tickets that will be delivered electronically. The Lambeau Field interactive map can be employed to reveal all tickets available for a preferred section. Select the perfect tickets and click “Go” to proceed to checkout. 3. Review the checkout page to ensure that the correct Green Bay Packers tickets have been selected, and read through any ticket notes or delivery information. If everything looks correct, fill out the checkout information, and purchase your Green Bay Packers Tickets! Need help finding the right Green Bay Packers Tickets? Our Sales and Service teams are available 7 days a week at 1-800-880-8886. 2017 Packers Season Preview The 2016 Green Bay Packers schedule is set and once again the Packers are looking to win another championship. The Packers are expected to be one of the top teams in the NFL as they have made it to the playoffs the last seven seasons and won the Super Bowl in 2010. The 2015 season was the first time in four years the Packers were unable to clinch the NFC North, however they did make it through the wild card round with a win against the Washington Redskins. Unfortunately, the team fell to the Arizona Cardinals in the 2015 divisional playoffs. Aaron Rodgers will continue to lead the team offensively and continue to prove himself as one of the top quarterbacks in the NFL. The Packers added a new nose tackle to their defense as they drafted Kenny Clark in the first round of the 2016 NFL draft. The 2016 Packers season is sure to be an exciting one as the Packers host one of their top rivals, the Detroit Lions, at their first home game. TicketCity is the place to go for Green Bay Packers tickets. Whether you are planning on cheering on the Packers at Lambeau Field, or supporting Green Bay on the road, TicketCity has some of the best deals for all Green Bay Packers tickets, including home and away games. Green Bay Packers Football at Lambeau Field Address: 1265 Lombardi Ave, Green Bay, Wisconsin, 54304 The Packers play their home games at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The stadium is named after the team’s first head coach and general manager Curly Lambeau. Lambeau Field, opened in 1957, is the NFL’s oldest stadium and the third oldest in professional sports behind MLB stadiums Wrigley Field and Fenway Park. “The Frozen Tundra” has a capacity of more than 73 thousand screaming fans. Special to Lambeau Field is the famous Lambeau Leap, started by LeRoy Butler in 1993 when he jumped into the stands following a score to celebrate with the Packer faithful. The Green Bay Packers home bench is on the Lambeau Field sideline with sections 112-128, so grab Green Bay Packers tickets in this section to sit near your team. Lambeau Field parking information is covered in our Packers event guide. Lambeau Field Seating Chart Packers vs. Bears Not many rivalries can touch this one. These two storied franchises have faced each other more than 185 times with their first meeting occurring in 1921. The Packers and the Bears have won 20+ NFL Championships and have over 45 players combined in the Hall of Fame. With these two teams in the same division, this heated rivalry will continue to build off the legacy that started over 90 years ago. Packers vs. Vikings Over 100 meetings, numerous close games, and a quarterback leaving one team for the other, it is no wonder why this rivalry has become one of the NFL’s best. The fans have no love for each other, and with 25+ division titles between the two teams, the Packers and Vikings are often fighting for a division crown when they faceoff. Packers vs. Lions Becoming division opponents in 1933 and meeting at least twice in a season since 1932, this matchup is the longest continuously running rivalry in the NFL. This rivalry has been showcased often times on Thanksgiving Day which just adds to the intensity when these two teams go up against one another. Green Bay Packers in the Super Bowl, NFC Championship and NFL Playoffs As the third oldest franchise in the NFL, the Packers have established themselves as one of the most respected organizations in football. With multiple Super Bowl championships and over 8 conference championships, Green Bay has set the standard of how other NFL franchises are judged. The Packers have made the playoffs 25+ times in their history that started in 1919. Green Bay Packers Event Guide Back to Top What is the best way to get to Lambeau Field? We’d suggest taking the shuttles set up by the Green Bay Metro. There are four bus routes that start five hours before kickoff and run for three hours following the game, leaving Lambeau every 30 minutes. How can I buy cheap Green Bay Packers tickets? TicketCity offers a big selection of Green Bay Packers tickets which include some of the lowest priced seats on the market. Packers tickets fluctuate based on demand and opponent. Marquee NFC opponents, like the Minnesota Vikings, New Orleans Saints and Dallas Cowboys, can drive up home game prices. While cheap tickets are more plentiful for, non-conference or non-divisional opponents. Those games may offer best opportunity to purchase Green Bay Packers tickets near face value. Where is the best place to park at Lambeau Field? Much of the parking immediately surrounding the stadium is reserved for media, suite level, or club seat parking. However, there are a few general parking lots mixed in with all of the reserved parking areas. The largest general parking lot is located on the southeast corner of the stadium at the corner of Oneida and Armed Forces Drive. A second smaller general parking lot is located on the northwest corner of the stadium just south of the club seat parking lot on Ridge Road. There are a number of smaller private lots in the surrounding areas that allow you to reserve a spot before the game. These smaller lots fill up quickly so be sure to plan in advance. Where can I find the 2016-2017 Green Bay Packers football schedule? The Packers 2016-2017 football schedule is listed as soon as it is announced by the NFL. The Packers plays in the NFC North, which means games against the Minnesota Vikings, Chicago Bears, and Detroit Lions. Game times are announced by the NFL as soon as the TV schedule is set. Green Bay Packers home opener is typically one of the most popular games. If you are looking for Packers news or scores, then visit our partners at CBS Sports. They are also a good source for the official Green Bay Packers team roster. What time do the gates open prior to a Packers game? All gates open to the general public two hours before kickoff. Does my child need a ticket to attend the game? Everyone wishing to enter Lambeau Field is required to have a ticket, regardless of age. Can I buy Green Bay Packers football season tickets? Green Bay Packers season tickets are available to buy until kickoff of their home opener. Check our listings above or call us if you would like to purchase Green Bay Packers season tickets. Let us know if you want a particular section at Lambeau Field. Where are good places to eat before a Packers game? Green Bay has a number of great sports bars. We recommend Knuckles Sports Bar & Grill, Gipper Sports Bar & Grill, or The Vault. If you are looking for a pre-game pizza, try Sammy’s Pizza & Restaurant or Glass Nickel Pizza Company. Barbeque fans should try Joe’s Texas BBQ, it is one of the best places in Wisconsin. For a more upscale dining experience, try Bret Favre’s Steakhouse, Black and Tan Grille, or Republic Chophouse. Hinterland Brewery, and Titletown Brewing are two great brewpubs close to Lambeau Field. If you are looking for a trendier option with a more progressive menu, try Kavarna Coffeehouse, or The Urban Frog. Other good places in the area are Old Chicago, Greek Boys Gyros, and S.A.L.T. Where can I tailgate before a Packers game? Most of the stadium parking is sold out to season ticket holders, so if you want to be one of the few to get in, be there when lots open four hours prior to kickoff. You can also go to the Tundra Tailgating Zone, where there is an organized event with food and drinks for purchase. Green Bay Packers Preview History Back to Top 2015 Green Bay Packers Season Preview The Green Bay Packers fell one quarter short of making the Super Bowl in 2014. A 4th quarter rally by the Seattle Seahawks, and an overtime touchdown, put the nails in what looked to be a 2nd Super Bowl appearance for Aaron Rodgers. The loss put a damper on what was a fantastic season, that saw Green Bay return to prominence in the NFC. The Packers lost big play receiver Jon Jones in the offseason, but retain the core of their high powered offensive cast, including Aaron Rodgers, Eddie Lacy, Randall Cobb, and Jordy Nelson. Green Bay spent extra attention on the defense in the 2015 NFL draft, bringing in Damarious Randall and Quinten Rollins to add depth to their secondary for 2015. Barring any major injury the Packers should once again have one of the top offenses in the NFL in 2015 and should be a contender for the NFC North title, and should be Super Bowl Contenders. A week 1 matchup with defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots will put the Packers on display from the start of the 2015 season. 2014 Green Bay Packers Season Preview The Green Bay Packers had their franchise player go down for half the season and still found a way to make the playoffs, so watch out for the Packers when they have a healthy Aaron Rodgers in 2014. After a good start, the Packers had to stumble into the playoffs at 8-7-1 with Rodgers out. The former MVP was back for the playoffs but Green Bay fell just short of beating the 49ers in the first round. This year, the Packers have added more pieces to the puzzle to ensure they don’t fall short again, including first-round draft pick HaHa Clinton-Dix. The Alabama safety is a hard hitter and should slot into the starting lineup right away. Also joining the green and yellow is Julius Peppers, and the Packers didn’t lose much outside of WR James Jones. Green Bay will kick off in Seattle in Week 1, a rematch of the controversial “Fail Mary” play from last season. Going into Week 10, the Packers will have only played three home games, but they’ll welcome the Bears, Eagles, Patriots and Falcons into Lambeau over that next month. 2013 Green Bay Packers Season Preview The 2013 Green Bay Packers will look slightly different from the 2012 version after three familiar faces moved on this offseason—wide receivers Greg Jennings and Donald Driver, and defensive back Charles Woodson. Even without the three stars in green and gold, the future is bright for the Packers. Aaron Rodgers remains arguably the best quarterback in the NFL. Randall Cobb emerged last season as a top-flight receiver, and will be part of a formidable receiving corps including Jordy Nelson and James Jones. In the second round of the NFL Draft, the Packers snagged Alabama running back Eddie Lacy to sure up the backfield with Cedric Benson out of the picture. With a potent offense and star power on the defensive side of the ball, the Packers promise to be one of the best teams in the NFL again this season. 2011 Green Bay Packers Season Preview Entering the season as the defending Super Bowl champions carries with it a great deal of pressure, but the Green Bay Packers are certainly well-equipped to handle it. With the core of talented players back from last year's title run, there's no reason to believe the Packers won't be back in the conversation this year. With one of the best arms in the NFL, quarterback Aaron Rodgers was the most important piece of Green Bay's championship offense last season. However, he didn't do it alone and will have all his favorite weapons back this year including Greg Jennings and Donald Driver. Also back this year will be standout tight end Jermichael Finley - who missed much of last season due to injury. Ryan Grant will handle the running duties, and if he can stay healthy is certainly reliable. Another reason the Packers go to the Super Bowl in 2010 was in part due to their stout defense. That should be the case once again in 2011 as they bring back veteran cornerback Charles Woodson along with standout safety Nick Collins. Additionally, with linebackers Clay Matthews and A.J. Hawk patrolling the middle, offenses will find it tough to move the ball. 2010 Green Bay Packers Season Preview Green Bay coach Mike Sherman has an offense that is loaded with talented players. Running back Ryan Grant showed last year that, when he's healthy, he can be one of the most productive backs in the league, as he ran for 1,253 yards and 11 touchdowns. While receivers Donald Driver and Greg Jennings are not among the elite players at their position, they are extremely reliable targets for Rodgers. The offensive line may be a question mark, however, as Rodgers was among the most sacked quarterbacks last year. Despite the fact that he is entering his 13th season in the league, Charles Woodson remains one of the best defensive players in the NFL and is coming off a year where he had nine interceptions. Woodson and Al Harris are the anchors of a very talented secondary. The linebacking corps should be solid as well, as middle linebacker A.J.Hawk is great at stopping the run. 2009 Green Bay Packers Season Preview The Green Bay Packers are excited about the 2009 football season. That is because they head into the new season without any talk about quarterback controversy; this year's Pack team belongs to Aaron Rodgers. Rodgers showed great promise early in 2008, so Green Bay just has to get him playing at that level again to improve on their 6-10 record from '08. Other bright spots for the Packers include; running back Ryan Grant, tight end Jermichael Finley and defensive lineman Aaron Kampman. If those players and a few of their veterans can get things going in the right direction, then expect the Packers to make noise in the NFC. Green Bay already has one of the toughest home crowds in the NFL and if the Pack have a shot then Lambeau Field will be rocking. No other NFC team wants to go through Lambeau in December or January, so Green Bay needs to win early and make that a reality. 2009 could be the year the Packers put it all together. 2008 Green Bay Packers Season Preview The Green Bay Packers are one of the most exciting teams in the NFL for a number of reasons. With one of the top offenses in the nation, a sloid defense, and several recent winning seasons, the Packers are looking strong heading into the 2008 season. A game at the storied "frozen tundra" of Lambeau Field in Green Bay is truly the most celebrated football experience a fan can have. Just three years after coming within one game of reaching the Super Bowl, the Green Bay Packers enter the 2010 season as one of the favorites to return to that level once again. Aaron Rodgers has emerged as one of the league's elite quarterbacks and an NFC North title is within the Packers' grasp. Green Bay Packers News

i don't know

Barak Obama was 47 at the time of his inauguration. Who was the youngest president, aged 42 at the time of his swearing in?

Question - Youngest President of the United States By Martin Kelly Updated February 29, 2016. While many mistakenly say that John F. Kennedy was the youngest president of the United States, this is in error. He was the youngest president ever elected to the presidency at the age of 43. However, Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest man to serve as president when he took over after William McKinley's assassination . He was 42.  The founders of the Constitution decided that the age requirement to become a member of the House of Representatives should be 25, to become a Senator should be 30, and to become the president to be 35. One reason why this was the case was to make sure that individuals had the time to gain real world experience before leading the nation. In addition, there were no term limits set on the presidency until the passage of the 22nd amendment in 1947. Older presidents would not be able to stay in office quite as long, avoiding the appearance of a monarchical president. Finally, there was a belief that by the age of 35 individuals would have created a reputation for themselves on the national stage so that voters and electors would know ore about who they were electing as president. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World   Some question whether this age limit could be considered age discrimination. However, this issue is moot in that individuals who are even 40 years of age are often cited as being too young when they run for president. When President Obama ran for the presidency in 2008, he was 46 years old. Articles such as one written by one of John McCain's justice advisory committee members, Steven Calabresi, argued that he was still too young to serve as president. This despite the fact that he was 11 years old than he minimum required by the Constitution. However, in a poll taken during 2008, 13% of those polled stated that they thought he was too young to be president. The point of this is that in the United States, there is a perception that age is important in terms of gaining experience and reputation when being considered for the presidency.  Here are the ages of the ten youngest presidents to have served in the United States since its founding:

Theodore Roosevelt

What is the largest city in Canada?

Question - Youngest President of the United States By Martin Kelly Updated February 29, 2016. While many mistakenly say that John F. Kennedy was the youngest president of the United States, this is in error. He was the youngest president ever elected to the presidency at the age of 43. However, Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest man to serve as president when he took over after William McKinley's assassination . He was 42.  The founders of the Constitution decided that the age requirement to become a member of the House of Representatives should be 25, to become a Senator should be 30, and to become the president to be 35. One reason why this was the case was to make sure that individuals had the time to gain real world experience before leading the nation. In addition, there were no term limits set on the presidency until the passage of the 22nd amendment in 1947. Older presidents would not be able to stay in office quite as long, avoiding the appearance of a monarchical president. Finally, there was a belief that by the age of 35 individuals would have created a reputation for themselves on the national stage so that voters and electors would know ore about who they were electing as president. continue reading below our video What are the Seven Wonders of the World   Some question whether this age limit could be considered age discrimination. However, this issue is moot in that individuals who are even 40 years of age are often cited as being too young when they run for president. When President Obama ran for the presidency in 2008, he was 46 years old. Articles such as one written by one of John McCain's justice advisory committee members, Steven Calabresi, argued that he was still too young to serve as president. This despite the fact that he was 11 years old than he minimum required by the Constitution. However, in a poll taken during 2008, 13% of those polled stated that they thought he was too young to be president. The point of this is that in the United States, there is a perception that age is important in terms of gaining experience and reputation when being considered for the presidency.  Here are the ages of the ten youngest presidents to have served in the United States since its founding:

i don't know

December 12, 2003 saw the death of Keiko, an Orca whale, off the coast of Finland. Keiko achieved fame as a star in what movie series?

Free Willy Makes A Splash For 20 Year Anniversary / Story Of Keiko The Killer Whale And His Ties To Michael Jackson | ALL THINGS MICHAEL Free Willy Makes A Splash For 20 Year Anniversary / Story Of Keiko The Killer Whale And His Ties To Michael Jackson Posted on 0 Source: Huffington Post July 16 marks the 20th anniversary of the release of “Free Willy,” the emotional family film which stole the hearts of viewers. Starring Jason James Richter as a young man who becomes friends with an Orca whale named Willy (played by famous whale Keiko), “Free Willy” brought in $77.69 million at the box office and was followed by two sequels: “Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home” and “Free Willy 3: The Rescue.” Twenty years ago, Warner Bros. released the family film, Free Willy and millions of children and adults fell in love with Keiko, the orca whale starring in the movie. Children were mesmerized by the relationship of a troubled 12-year-old boy and the 2000-pound captive whale that needed his help to return to the ocean to join his family. Little did we know… but life was about to imitate art. After spending months with Keiko in Mexico City, our last day of filming was bittersweet. We were anxious to move on to our next location, but leaving Keiko to languish behind in a tiny chlorinated pool was unacceptable. We (the producers) made a pledge to do something about it! But how? After the first preview of the film, we knew we had touched an emotional chord when a man came up to us and offered money to help free the whales! Warner Bros. received more mail than Santa that year from kids insisting that “Willy”/Keiko be set free. By teaming up with the Earth Island Foundation, the “Free Willy/Keiko Foundation” was created and an 800# was featured at the end of the film for anyone who wanted to make a donation to help Keiko. Adults and children overwhelmingly responded from around the world. The movie went on to become a big hit for the studio, but Keiko was still deteriorating in his under-sized tank. Now what? Theresa Demarest’s film Keiko, the Untold Story of the Star of Free Willy documents the great effort, commitment and perseverance from several organizations, most notably Earth Island and the Humane Society, to strike a deal with the Mexican amusement park that owned Keiko to donate the whale to the Foundation. Donations came from WB, New Regency, The McCaw Foundation and the public and UPS to fly Keiko to his new rehab facility in Oregon and eventually Keiko was flown home to Iceland in a U.S. Air Force carrier! Life imitating art, indeed. When adults talk to us about Free Willy, they remember it as a childhood favorite that they watched repeatedly. Now as young parents, they are eager to share it with their own kids. After the tragic event at Sandy Hook, we were very touched to learn that Jessica Rekos (age six) had been a big fan of Free Willy and watched it many times and dreamed of becoming a marine biologist. She would have loved Keiko, the Untold Story to see how the “real Willy” got released back into the wild. A Free Willy/Keiko fundraising event on August 17th at the Egyptian Theater in Hollywood will provide an opportunity to entertain and educate a new generation of kids to believe beyond their wildest dreams that they can make a difference in this world. Both Free Willyand Keiko the Untold Story of the Star of Free Willy will be shown after a Blue Carpet reception. Cast and crew from both films will participate in a Q&A between the films. Teaming with LAUSD’s Beyond the Bell Division, the Free Willy/Keiko Foundation will also bring 200 students to the event. It’s great to know that the message is as relevant today as it was 20 years ago! ‘Free Willy’ Turns 20: Catching Up With Star Jason James Richter Source: The Daily Beast If you were a child growing up in the ’90s, you probably saw the film Free Willy. (And you probably watched it so many times your VHS tape got too worn out to play.) If you were one of those kids who saw and fell in love with the movie, about the unlikely bond between a boy and a whale, you definitely wanted to be that boy. After all, how cool would it have been to play with a giant whale all day? Well, Jason James Richter was that boy. And, he confirms, it was extremely cool. Click here to read complete article: http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/07/16/free-willy-turns-20-catching-up-with-star-jason-james-richter.html And now…Keiko’s Life Story… *Despite the movie’s flurry of poignant news accounts about his plight, and an onslaught of would-be saviors, 15-year-old Keiko, was as lucky as his alter ego Willy. The 21-foot, 31 2 -ton orca continued to languish in a small tank built for dolphins at southern Mexico City’s Reino Aventura amusement park, which has owned him for nine years. Michael Jackson, who wrote and performed Free Willy‘s closing theme and became interested in Keiko during the Mexico stop on his Dangerous tour. Morris says his handlers called last November with a plan to move Keiko to Jackson’s Neverland Ranch in Santa Ynez Valley, Calif., where Keiko would cavort in a specially built tank with a female. ”This lady called me every day,” says Morris. ”She would say, Michael wants to know, ‘How’s my whale?”’ But after facing allegations, Jackson abruptly ended his world tour to enter rehab and flew to seclusion in Europe. Source: EW  http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,302295,00.html Keiko died December 12, 2003 Click here to read Keiko’s story:  http://www.orcanetwork.org/captivity/keikostory.html “Will You Be There,” the theme for the film, won the MTV Movie Award for “Best Song in a Movie” in 1994. It was also included in the album All Time Greatest Movie Songs released by Sony in 1999.  Rate this:

Free Willy

Named for the gynecologist that invented them, what exercises for the pelvic muscles were originally developed to combat incontinence?

A Death a Day: December 2007 A Death a Day how somebody died, every day | an 8-month project December 31, 2007 December 31 | Commodus August 31, 161 – December 31, 192: Age 31 "Not naturally wicked but, on the contrary, as guileless as any man that ever lived. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature." — Dio Cassius Commodus was Emperor of Rome between the years 180 and 192 C.E. He was the son of Marcus Aurelius and, yes, he's the guy portrayed by Joachim Phoenix in Gladiator. Surprisingly, he was in real life almost as much of a bastard as Phoenix portrayed him to be. His father was a sober, wise man who ruled during a difficult period in Rome's history. Commodus was not the first Roman emperor who inherited the title from his father, but he was the first to be "born to the purple", that is, born during his father's rule. Commodus was handsome, strong, athletic, but he was vain, impatient, cruel, and ultimately quite foolish. A shown in the movie, he really did like to fight gladiators in the Coliseum; he did it in the nude. He never lost, naturally, since the penalty for winning against the Emperor would be infinitely worse than being humbled by him in the ring. He was no coward: he also faced wild animals, incapable of faking submission — and he won. Publicly, he never killed his opponents, but privately he frequently did. He also charged the City of Rome a million sesterces for each appearance (to get a sense of the value, the average legionary was paid 1,200 sesterces per annum). His behaviour got even more eccentric: wounded soldiers would be placed in the arena for Commodus to kill with a sword. And people missing their feet due to accident or disease were taken to the arena where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. There was more. He kept taking on new names, and when the number of his names reached 12 (Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus Herculeus Romanus Exsuperatorius Amazonius Invictus Felix Pius) he ordered that the 12 months of the year be renamed according to each of his names. So January became Lucius, etc. He also renamed Rome "Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana", and renamed all kinds of institutions after himself too (for example, the Senate was renamed "Commodian Fortunate Senate", the legions were renamed "Commodianae", etc.). It was all too much for his enemies, and the number of plots for his death increased. One group of conspirators, including his lover, Marcia, poisoned him on December 31, 192, but he vomited it all up again. They then sent a wrestler named Narcissus to Commodus in his bath to strangle him. This attempt succeeded. Upon his death the Senate immediate declared him a public enemy and changed the names of the months and the city and everything else back again. December 30 | Grigori Rasputin January 22, 1869 – December 30, 1916: Age 47 Rasputin was a Russian mystic who had a considerable following among the nobility of early 20th century Russia. After an unexceptional childhood, he spent a few months in a monastery, married, and had three children. In 1901 he made a pilgrimage to various places, including Greece and Jerusalem. By 1903 he had arrived in St. Petersburg, where he began to develop a reputation for healing and prophesy. In 1905, he was in Siberia when he got word that the son of the Tsar, who was hemophilic, was bleeding after a fall from a horse. Rasputin was able to provide some relief through prayer and practical advice like "Don't let the doctors bother him too much, let him rest." Every time the boy had an injury, the boy's mother called on Rasputin, and he got better. She came to believe that God spoke to her through Rasputin, and his influence over the royal household grew. A group of Russian nobles, viewing this influence as too great a threat, invited Rasputin to dinner and served him cakes and red wine laced with cyanide. Although they put enough poison to kill many men in the food, Rasputin appeared unaffected. One of the assassins, panicking, pulled out a gun and shot him in the back. Then they ran out of the palace, leaving the body alone. It was a cold night, however, so one came back to get a coat, and he leaned over to check on the body. Rasputin opened his eyes, grabbed him by the throat, whispered “You bad boy” in his ear, threw him across the room, and tried to run away. The other assassins, however, had returned, and they shot him three more times. He fell down but still wasn’t dead, so they hit him until he stopped moving, wrapped his body in a sheet and threw it in the freezing river. When he body was recovered and autopsied it was found he had still been alive when thrown in the river: he either drowned or died of hypothermia. No conversation of Rasputin can be complete without this: turn up the volume and click here . December 29 | Thomas Becket c.1118 – December 29, 1170: Age 52 Thomas Becket came from humble beginnings. Sexual interest by an aristocrat in his sister led to his being educated in the knowledge and culture of the higher classes, and a connection with the then-Archbishop of Canterbury led to diplomatic work for the Church and, ultimately, an introduction to King Henry II and a post as Lord Chancellor. Becket set about his new post with gusto, becoming an amusing companion and bon vivant as well as an efficient and devoted administrator. He and the King became good friends, with Henry even sending his eldest son to live in Becket's household. A turning point came when the old Archbishop of Canterbury died and Becket was appointed in his place. Confident that his friend would look out for his interests, Henry planned to diminish the independence of the Church in England. Becket, however, underwent a complete change in external character, becoming a stern, virtuous ascetic, devoted to the interests of the Church above all things. A series of legal conflicts led to personal conflicts and the rift in the famous friendship began. Becket was stubborn and a bit fanatical, and even annoyed the Pope himself with his opinionated pursuit of what he deemed to be the Church's best interest. It came to a head with the Constitutions of Clarendon, a set of legislative procedures that would restrict ecclesiastical privilege in England. The King demanded he sign the document; Becket refused. Over the next seven years the two great men struggled and feuded. Becket spent much of this time outside of England, being protected by the King's enemies and trying to persuade the Pope to excommunicate the whole country. It all came to a head in 1170 when the king uttered the fateful question, "Who will rid me of this troublesome priest?" — or words to that effect. There are many different versions but he definitely said something. Most historians agree that the King's outburst was not spoken with intent, but four knights interpreted it as a royal command and set about assassinating Becket. They ambushed him in Canterbury Cathedral. A bystander, who was wounded in the attack, wrote: "The wicked knight leapt suddenly upon him, cutting off the top of the crown which the unction of sacred chrism had dedicated to God. Next he received a second blow on the head, but still he stood firm and immovable. At the third blow he fell on his knees and elbows, offering himself a living sacrifice, and saying in a low voice, 'For the name of Jesus and the protection of the Church, I am ready to embrace death.' But the third knight inflicted a terrible wound as he lay prostrate. By this stroke, the crown of his head was separated from the head in such a way that the blood white with the brain, and the brain no less red from the blood, dyed the floor of the cathedral. The same clerk who had entered with the knights placed his foot on the neck of the holy priest and precious martyr, and, horrible to relate, scattered the brains and blood about the pavements, crying to the others, 'Let us away, knights; this fellow will arise no more.'" The crime haunted King Henry for the remaining 20 years of his life and reign. The public, both in England and outside of England, held him accountable for the murder. When it was discovered that Becket wore a hairshirt (a rough, uncomfortable garment made of animal hair) under his clerical finery, the public went mad and declared him a martyr, clamouring for his canonisation, which took place just three years after his death. Henry, desperate to regain some kind of public standing, humbled himself with a public penance at Becket's tomb in July of 1174. But he had lost ground that he never fully regained. Most significantly, his eldest son Henry, who had grown up in Becket's household, hated him for it. Henry died in 1189, nearly 20 years after Becket, weak, ill, and estranged from all but one bastard son. December 28 | Florence Lawrence January 2, 1886 - December 28, 1938: Age 52 Florence Lawrence, born in Hamilton, Canada in 1888, was one of the most prolific film actors in history, but for most of her career was known simply as "The Biograph Girl". In the early days of movies, studios kept the identities of their stars secret, afraid that fame might lead to higher wages. In 1910 she was lured to the Independent Motion Company with the promise of a marquee, making her the first performer to be identified by name on screen and in film advertising. Lawrence also loved cars. She was the first to invent a working turn signal for a car. It was a signalling arm attached to the rear fender of the car, that used electricity to raise and lower a sign indicating the turn direction. There was another signal for stop. Unfortunately she didn't patent it properly, so never received credit. She retired in 1912, but was persuaded to return to work in 1915. During a shoot a staged fire got out of control and she was injured. The studio refused to pay for her medical expenses. It took her months to recover, and she never regained her position as a leading film star. She tried manufacturing a line of cosmetics, but it didn't pan out. In 1929 she lost a lot of money in the stock market crash. By this time she was in chronic pain from a bone marrow disease, myelofibrosis. In December 1938 she was found unconscious in her apartment after trying to commit suicide by eating ant poison. She died in hospital a few hours later. She was buried in an unmarked grave. In 1991, actor Roddy McDowall paid for a memorial marker for her grave. It now reads: FLORENCE LAWRENCE December 26 | Jane Creba May 13, 1990 - December 26, 2005: Age 15 Jane Creba was a 15-year-old high school student. She was out shopping on Boxing Day (December 26, a traditional day for big sales in Canada) with her older sister on a busy street in Toronto. She left her sister for a moment to skip across the street to an athletic wear store when a gunfight erupted. Creba was hit by one bullet that entered and exited her upper torso. She was rushed to the hospital, and died during emergency surgery. In the confusion after the accident, Creba was the first to be taken to hospital as her injuries were the worst. Her older sister, whom she had left on the other side of the road, did not at first understand that she had been hurt. When she couldn't find Jane, she called her mother, who called police. By the time the family reached the hospital, Jane had died. The incident is thought to have been related to a street gang feud, and certainly had nothing to do with Jane or with any of the other people injured. Altogether 10 young men, including three teenagers, were charged with murder or manslaughter in relation to Jane's death and the injuries of six others. December 25 | James Brown May 3, 1933 - December 25, 2006: Age 73 The Hardest Working Man in Show Business finally finished the job a year ago today. He was a singer, songwriter, and band leader, and record producer who was probably the most important figure in the transformation of traditional R&B and gospel into soul and funk. His style, much imitated, was entirely unique, a crazy blend of shouting, dancing, strutting, self-caricature and underneath it all, incredible rhythms. Brown was also an activist who advocated for African Americans and the poor. Brown arrived for a dental appointment at December 23 in such poor health that the dentist sent him straight to the doctor without doing any work on him. He had a persistent cough and looked weak and dazed. Brown went to the hospital the next day, and was admitted for observation. He was in the midst of a busy schedule of performances, and cancelled just a few, hoping to be well enough to perform again by New Year's Eve. Instead, his condition just got worse, and around a quarter to 2am Christmas Day he told a friend by his bedside, "I'm going away tonight." Then he took three long, quiet breaths and closed his eyes. Cause of death was congestive heart failure resulting from complications of pneumonia. Here he is doing his trademark "cape finale" , where his MC tries to get him to leave the stage and he keeps coming back for more. This one's hilarious, every time the MC comes out he brings a different "cape"! December 24 | Alban Berg February 9, 1885 - December 24, 1935: Age 50 Alban Berg was a Viennese composer. He was a student and lifelong friend of Arnold Schoenberg, and his compositions combined Schoenberg's 12-tone technique with a romantic style. In the summer of 1935, Berg was stung on the back by a wasp. The bite became infected, and Berg developed septicemia, a condition in which bacteria enter the bloodstream and the immune response causes the body to go into shock. The treatment, today, is antibiotics, but penicillin, the first effective modern antibiotic treatment, hadn't come into broad use yet. Like all of Schoenberg's students, he was obsessed with numbers. Berg calculated his chances based on a personal numerology, and predicted he would die on December 24 — and he did. Here is a link to Glenn Gould playing Berg's first published piece of music: a stunning piano sonata. It's about 10 minutes long. Enjoy! December 23 | Tojo Hideki December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948: Age 63 Tojo Hideki was Prime Minister of Japan and Chief of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff at the time of Japan's unconditional surrender in 1945. General MacArthur ordered the arrest of Tojo, but American military policy arrived at his home just as he shot himself in the chest. He had had a doctor draw a charcoal "X" on his chest at the location of his heart, but although he shot himself directly through the mark, he missed his heart and didn't die. "I am very sorry it is taking me so long to die," he remarked. "I wished to commit suicide but sometimes that fails." Once he recovered from his injuries, he was tried and found guilty of a number of crimes, including waging unprovoked and aggressive wars and ordering inhumane treatment of Prisoners of War. The Americans had determined that the Emperor himself should not be directly impugned by any testimony, allowing the Japanese monarchy to remain intact. The Emperor was presented as a figurehead who was controlled by the military, but in fact this was not the case. Hirohito, although not always bellicose, took a keen interest in the war and had considerable influence over military decisions. Thus when Tojo inadvertantly offered testimony that implied the Emperor had influence, the Americans called a recess, met with Tojo, and coached him to recant the problematic section. Tojo accepted full responsibility for the crimes of which he was accused, and was sentenced to death. He was hanged on December 23, 1947. Posted by December 22 | Constantia Jones 1708 - December 22, 1738: Age 30 Constantia Jones was a prostitute living and working in London in the 18th century. She was sentenced to hang for stealing 36 shillings and a half-guinea (about $600) from a customer. The evidence for her conviction was the say-so of the gentleman in question, who stated that "As I stood against the Wall, [she] came behind me, and with one hand she took hold of . . . --and the other she thrust into my Breeches Pocket and took my Money." Prostitution was very common (when hasn't it been?) and was tolerated in general, although the women in the profession suffered the kind of discrimination evident in Jones' conviction on the testimony of one person. Robbing the clients was not uncommon, as most gentlemen were unwilling to endure the humiliation of giving evidence. Guilty or no, Jones was 30 years old when she was executed, yet had already been in jail 20 times previously: a hard life, and one that ended in a noose on December 22, 1738. Posted by December 21 | F. Scott Fitzgerald September 24, 1896 - December 21, 1940: Age 44 F. Scott Fitzgerald was a writer of short stories and novels who thrived during the 20s, then dived during the 30s. For Fitzgerald and his wife, Zelda, living famously high off the profits of his first novel, the 1920s were one long party. But don't be fooled, like I was, by the appearance of superficiality: Fitzgerald was a sensitive, profound writer and his style was brilliant, immaculate, accessible and yet elevating at the same time. By the 1930s the drinking had ravaged his health and Zelda's intense personality had self-destructed, leading to a breakdown, a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and life in an asylum. Fitzgerald's literary output dwindled. To earn money, he turned to Hollywood, writing what he referred to as "hack" scripts. He completed only one novel in the 30s (Tender is the Night). He tried to commit suicide twice. In 1940, his heart began to go: he had a heart attack in November of that year. He continued to work on his last novel, The Last Tycoon, in bed. On December 20 he felt well enough to go to the theatre, but experienced chest pains during the show. The next day, while waiting for the doctor to visit, Fitzgerald was sitting in an armchair making note for an article. According to Malcolm Forbes in They Went That-a-Way, he "suddenly stood up, reached for the mantel, then fell over dead of another heart attack." Scott Fitzgerald was one of the 20th century's best writers. If you haven't read any of his stories or novels, run to a library right now. The Great Gatsby is a good place to start, but there is much more. Also, here is some rare footage of him at work. Sources: Wikipedia ; Forbes, Malcolm, They Went That-a-Way, Simon and Schuster, 1988 Posted by December 20 | Bobby Darin May 14, 1936 - December 20, 1973: Age 37 When Bobby Darin was just eight years old, he overheard a doctor tell his mother that he would be lucky to reach the age of 16. This was because he had several bouts of rheumatic fever as an infant, a disease that often leaves the heart in a damaged condition. From that time on, Darin (born Walden Robert Cassotto) knew that his life would be short. He was the illegitimate son of a very young woman (17 when he was born) and a father whose identity he never knew. His grandparents raised him as their own, and it was not until he was an adult that he discovered that his "sister" was in fact his mother. He was an extremely popular musician during the 1950s and 1960s. Although he was a very popular teen idol, he was in fact an astute and very accomplished musician with a versatile style, with hits ranging from "Splish Splash" and "Dream Lover" to "Mack the Knife" and "Beyond the Sea". He was also a successful actor, winning a Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer as well as an Academy Award nomination. Toward the end of his life, he became more politically aware and active, starting a record label for folk and protest music. In 1971 he had heart surgery, an attempt to correct the damage from his childhood illness. His health declined but his activity did not; performing in Las Vegs in the early 1970s he often had to take oxygen after performing. In 1973 his mechanical heart valve clotted, and on December 20 he died following an operation to repair it. It was the old medical joke: the operation was successful, but the patient died. Here he is singing "Mack the Knife" , a classic rendition of one of the best songs ever written (by Kurt Weill, for Threepenny Opera). Enjoy! March 29, 1928 - December 19, 2005: Age 77 "He's crazy like a fox." — John Gotti, boss of the Gambino family, on Vincent Gigante in 1988 Vincent Gigante started faking mental illness in 1969 in order to escape criminal charges of bribery. He adopted eccentric habits, such as walking around the neighbourhood in pyjamas and a bathrobe, mumbling incoherently. Although law enforcement officials didn't believe him, having prominent psychiatrists testify that he suffered from schizophrenia, dementia, and psychosis worked: he got off. When Fat Tony Salerno, the boss of the Genovese family, was sentenced to 100 years in prison, the rumour was that Salerno wasn't the real boss: Gigante was. Despite the fact that Gigante had continued to act eccentrically, hanging out all day playing pinochle in a storefront club, it was said that mob business took place during the whispered conversations in the club. According to FBI surveillance reports, after midnight he would go to his mistress's house, change into elegant clothes, converse with associates and read or watch TV. The next morning he would reappear downtown in his shabby clothes. "It was hard to understand what enjoyment he got out of being a mob boss," said Ronald Goldstock, the former director of the New York State Organized Crime Task Force. "His only pleasure appeared to be the pure power he exercised." (from the New York Times obituary) When in 1990 Gigante was charged with racketeering and murder, he was able to delay his trial seven years on the grounds that he was mentally unfit to stand trial. The tactic was effective for a while, but in 1997 Gigante was convicted on all but the murder charges and sentenced to 12 years in prison. This despite attending his trial in a wheelchair, mumbling and oblivious. In 2003 Gigante pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice, acknowledging that the whole insanity issue had been a charade. It was for a deal: by pleading guilty to this he received an additional 3 years, but avoided facing other more serious charges that would have put him, at 75, through a lengthy trial with uncertain outcome. In 2005 he began to have difficulty breathing and swelling in his lower body. After a brief stint in a private medical facility, he was returned to prison in early December, where he died on December 19. December 18 | Kirsty MacColl 10 October 1959 - 18 December 2000: Age 41 Kirsty MacColl was a British musician and songwriter who was active during the 80s and 90s, getting a lot of attention from other artists for her witty, biting, sometimes sad works. She is probably best known (to me at least) for the song "In These Shoes", which was played over the runway scene in Kinky Boots. Her worldly success was uneven, and came slowly, primarily due to bad luck with record companies who didn't seem to know how to classify her material. In the year 2000 she was she took a vacation with her family to Cozumel in Mexico. On December 18 she and her sons were diving in an area that was supposed to be free of boats. As the group surfaced, a powerboat drove into the area, heading for one of the boys. MacColl, who was not in the boat's path, was able to push him out of the way, but in the process put herself under the boat and was killed instantly. The boy had only minor injuries. As it happens, the boat in question was owned by a Mexican millionaire. One of his employees claimed to have been driving (this is disputed by witnesses). He was sentenced to 2 years 10 months in prison but was able to get off by paying a fine of about US$90, plus punitive damages of US$2,150 to her family. It is rumoured that he was paid to take the fall. Here is a link to another song she wrote that was made popular by the Pogues, perfect for this time of year: Fairytale of New York . Enjoy! December 17 | Harold Holt August 5, 1908 - December 17, 1967: Age 59 Harold Holt was an Australian politician who was elected Prime Minister in 1966. He had a long political career, but is remembered mostly for his support of Australian and American involvement in the Vietnam War (the Tony Blair of his day?), and for his mysterious disappearance. He was an experienced swimmer and skindiver, but was suffering from health problems. He had collapsed the year before from "vitamin deficiency", leading some to suspect heart troubles, and was on strong painkillers for the flare-up of an old shoulder injury. On December 17 he went with friends to Cheviot Beach on the eastern arm of Port Phillip Bay, an area with heavy surf, strong currents, and dangerous rip tides. He insisted on plunging into the water despite warnings from his friends, and quickly disappeared from view. They raised the alarm immediately and for the next two days that area of the coast was combed in one of the largest search operations in Australian history. They never found him. Rumours about his disappearance being faked abounded, with stories ranging from running away with a mistress, to being picked up by a Chinese submarine, to being abducted by a UFO. There were also rumours that it was suicide. The most likely explanation, however, is that Holt was caught in the strong undertow and carried out to sea, where he drowned. December 16 | Nina Hamnett February 14, 1890 - December 16, 1956: Age 66 Nina Hamnett was a Welsh artist who lived a flamboyant, Bohemian lifestyle that included bisexuality, promiscuity, a bestselling autobiography, libel suits, and lots of alcohol. She once danced naked on the table of a café in Paris, a feat I personally find admirable. She hung out with the greatest and most avant-garde artists of the age, including Modigliani, Picasso, Diaghilev, and Cocteau. Her bestselling autobiography, Laughing Torso, irritated Aleister Crowley so much that he sued her for libel over her allegation that he was a black magician. He lost the suit; the judge didn't believe that the allegation wasn't true. However it was a lose-lose situation for Hamnett: if he were not a black magician, she might lose the suit; if he were, as the judge seems to have believed, wouldn't he make a very unfortunate enemy? She did, however, outlive him (he died in 1947). As it happens, her life went into decline after the lawsuit. She was a heavy drinker and spent a lot of the latter half of her life in bars, reminiscing about the good days. In 1956 she fell from her apartment window and was impaled on the fence 40 feet below. It is not certain whether it was a drunken accident or an attempt at suicide; if it were the latter, it was successful, as she died. Her last words were, "Why don't they let me die?" At right: One of her works, Der Sturm, c. 1913. December 15 | Sitting Bull c. 1831 - December 15, 1890: Age 59 "It is through this mysterious power that we too have our being, and we therefore yield to our neighbors, even to our animal neighbors, the same right as ourselves to inhabit this vast land." "There are things they tell us that sound good to hear, but when they have accomplished their purpose they will go home and will not try to fulfill our agreements with them." Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who played key roles in the wars against the whites in 19th century United States. He was present at The Battle of Little Bighorn, also known as Custer's Last Stand, the most famous and last major victory of the native people against the white armies. During most of his adult life Sitting Bull took a militant stance against the white invaders, but in 1881, five years after the victory at Little Bighorn, he surrendered to the whites along with his family and a few other warriors. After nearly two years of imprisonment in various forts, Sitting Bull and his family were transferred to Standing Rock Agency, an indian reservation in North and South Dakota. In 1885 Sitting Bull was allowed to leave the reservation to join Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show. He earned $50 a week for riding once around the ring. It is said that he would curse the audience in Lakota; it is also said that he would give speeches about the education of the young and normalization of relations between the Sioux and the Whites. It is possible that both are true, as it was during his travels with the Wild West Show that Sitting Bull came to realize that the whites were not just small bands of soldiers and settlers, but a very large and technologically advanced society. He realized that the native people were doomed if they continued to fight. After four months he returned home. Back at home, he became associated with the Ghost Dance movement. There is no evidence that he joined, but some evidence that he allowed or even encouraged others to do so. This was a nationwide spiritual movement among Native Americans that prophecied a return to peace and prosperity through various magical interventions, after which all evil would be swept from the land. To many Natives, this meant that all whites would be swept from the land. This added an element of mystery and fear to the already-stressful relations between whites and Native Americans, and an uneasy escalation of troops began in areas where the Ghost Dance was adopted, often resulting in confrontation. Indian Affairs decided to arrest Sitting Bull, afraid that his involvement would give the movement credibility. Sitting Bull did not resist arrest, but about 150 of his followers gathered around his cabin in a warlike mood. One of them fired a shot at one of the officers and in the ensuing melee Sitting Bull was shot in the head. December 14 | George Gipp February 18, 1895 - December 14, 1920: Age 25 "I've got to go, Rock. It's all right. I'm not afraid. Some time, Rock, when the team is up against it, when things are wrong and the breaks are beating the boys, ask them to go in there with all they've got and win just one for the Gipper. I don't know where I'll be then, Rock. But I'll know about it, and I'll be happy." This is the famous speech that young George Gipp spoke to his coach, Knute Rockne, while on his deathbed. Gipp (better known as "The Gipper") was a brilliant player for Notre Dame when he died. Apparently he was out after curfew one night, and was forced to sleep outside. By morning he had contracted pneumonia and died of a related infection. Some say, however, that he contracted strip throat after his final game on November 20. Whatever the cause, Gipp ended up on his deathbed giving the speech that would live famously on for decades. After his death, Rockne used the story and the line "Win one for the Gipper" to inspire the team to an underdog victory. Twenty years later, in 1940, Ronald Reagan played Gipp in the film Knute Rockne, All American and earned the nickname "The Gipper". The story does not end there. Responding to an allegation that Gipp had fathered an illegitimate daughter, born five days after his death, the medical examiner ordered an exhumation and DNA testing using his femur. (The result: he had not.) Some members of Gipp's family objected to the proceedings (which were filmed for ESPN) and have filed a lawsuit alleging that the remains of Gipp's sister were disturbed by the exhumation. December 13 | Lupe Vélez July 18, 1908 - December 13, 1944: Age 36 "The first time you buy a house you think how pretty it is and sign the check. The second time you look to see if the basement has termites. It's the same with men." Lupe Vélez was a Mexican actress most famous for her role as Mexican Spitfire. She had a talent for comedy, and the "Mexican Spitfire" character, which parodied stereotypes of Hispanic women, was popular enough to become a series and to make her a major star. The list of her lovers is truly impressive, and includes Errol Flynn, Johnny Weismuller (whom she married), Anthony Quinn, Charlie Chaplin, Red Skelton, Gary Cooper, and John Gilbert, to name but a few. Also among them was a married Austrian actor named Harald Maresch. Lupe seems to have been in love with him, and when she became pregnant with his child could not choose abortion and could not face the shame of bringing an illegitimate child into the world. She took an overdose of Seconal and died in her sleep, leaving a suicide note that read, "To Harald, may God forgive you and forgive me too but I prefer to take my life away and our baby's before I bring him with shame or killing him, Lupe." A nasty urban legend perpetrated by Kenneth Anger in Hollywood Babylon claims that she died by drowning with her head in the toilet, but it seems to be not only undocumented by any shred of evidence, but also wildly implausible. Let's hope Mythbusters gets onto this one. December 12 | Keiko the Orca 1976 - December 12, 2003: Age 27 Keiko was the orca who starred in the first Free Willy movie in 1993. He was captured near Iceland (age 3) and sold to an aquarium there. From there, he was sold to Marineland in Ontario, and then in 1985 to an aquarium in Mexico. The irony of his appearance in a film about a captive whale released into the wild was not lost on the public, and a movement (vigorously supported by the film studio) to free Keiko, the "real" Willy, was begun. The plan was controversial. On the one hand, it had enormous public appeal. On the other, Willy had been in captivity since the age of three, so probably had limited survival skills and no links to other whales in the wild. However the plan went ahead, and he was airlifted to Oregon in January 1996 where a special facility had been built for rehabilitating his health, which was not good. Things went well, and by September 1998 he had gained more than a ton in weight and was flown to Iceland for training. His training included supervised "walks" in the open ocean, during which he frequently interacted with wild whales. During one of these, his trainers lost track of him, but he turned up two months later in September 2002 following a boat in Norway. When first spotted he was in good health, having travelled over 1,000 miles in the North Atlantic. However in Norway he allowed fans to play with him and crawl on his back. Local biologists and his trainers felt the interaction with humans was a step in the wrong direction, and persuaded him to move to a more remote location, where they hoped that he might be picked up by a passing whale pod and led back into the open ocean. This did not happen, and his trainers had to continue to feed and care for him. Keiko died of pneumonia in December 2003. After showing signs of lethargy and lack of appetite for a day, he suddenly beached himself and died in the early evening of December 12. At 27 he was young by the standards of wild orca, but old by the standards of captive ones: he was the second oldest male among captive orca. December 11 | Hugh Scrutton September 13, 1947 - December 11, 1985: age 38 Hugh Scrutton owned a computer rental store in Sacramento, California. He left his computer rental store at Century Plaza shopping center for lunch at about noon, when he stopped to pick up what he may have thought to be litter. It was a pipe bomb concealed in a wooden box. The bomb exploded, sending shrapnel as far as 150 feet. Scrutton took the full force of the blast in his chest. Metal shrapnel penetrated his heart and tore off his right hand. Scrutton was a victim of the Unabomber, an America terrorist who carried out a bombing campaign from the late 1970 through to the mid 1990s. December 10 | Ed Wood, Jr. October 10, 1924 - December 10, 1978: Age 44 Ed Wood Jr. was an American film director who, two years after his death, was thrust into the spotlight by receiving the Golden Turkey Award for the "Worst Director of All Time". His masterwork, Plan 9 from Outer Space, received the "Worst Movie of All Time" award. One of the paradoxes of set theory is that as soon as something reaches an extreme in a given set, it becomes a candidate for the opposite set. Wouldn't you be curious to view the "Worst Movie of All Time". Many people have been, including myself, and although the movie is truly awful it's quite enjoyable to view because it's so funny. There is also another quality present in Ed Wood's films: a naiveté so invincible that despite the bad acting, directing, sets, editing, costumes, and everything else, you can't help but be entertained. Tim Burton caught this quality nicely in his biopic, Ed Wood. In real life, Ed Wood's path was difficult. His films were terrible, but he managed to get things done by virtue of his dogged persistence and his relationship with Bela Lugosi, a very famous horror film actor who had fallen on hard times. When Lugosi died, Wood could no longer find funding for his films and got by taking any film work he could get, writing, assistant directing and producing, and even acting in bad semi-pornographic films. He also wrote softcore/horror blends for pulp fiction. He relied more and more on whiskey to relieve his depression and his marriage and finances suffered inversely with his consumption. Having been evicted from his apartment, he died of a heart attack in the bedroom of a friend while watching football. According to one biography, he yelled to his wife in the other room "Kathy, I can't breathe!", but she didn't respond. About 90 minutes later a friend entered the bedroom and found him dead. Two years later he achieved posthumous fame with his Golden Turkey Award. December 9 | Andrea Absolonová December 26, 1976 - December 9, 2004: Age 27 As an Olympic high diver on the Czech team in Atlanta in 1996, Andrea Absolonová injured her spine while diving from the 10 metre platform. She never quite recovered her full abilities (although she did compete in Sydney in 2000) and soon turned to modelling. When she was in her early 20s, a photographer persuaded Absolonová to pose nude while shooting for a billboard ad. This quickly led to a flourishing career posing for adult entertainment magazines and performing in adult films. Her screen name was Lea de Mae, and her healthy good looks ensured international success. Her image was on the cover and in the centerfold of Hustler magazine in October 2004. In July 2004 she began to experience headaches and problems with her left eye. Medical scans revealed a brain tumour, which was removed through surgery in August, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. The treatment was bad enough, but the pains in her back and head continued as well. By November the pains were so extreme that only high doses of painkillers provided any relief. Her left eye would roll up and her left limbs were sluggish and trembled. Further scans revealed additional tumours. Two more surgeries relieved the pain somewhat but were otherwise ineffective. She had glioblastoma, a very aggressive form of cancer, and the treatments never got ahead of it fast enough. By early December Absolonová running a high fever and hallucinating. Then, after a couple of days of mild improvement, she died on December 9. December 8 | John Lennon October 9, 1940 - December 8, 1980: Age 40 "My role in society, or any artist's or poet's role, is to try and express what we all feel. Not to tell people how to feel. Not as a preacher, not as a leader, but as a reflection of us all." John Lennon was a songwriter, musician, artist, writer, and peace activist who was probably most famous for being of the founding members of the Beatles. He was born during an air raid. His dad, a merchant seaman, was in and out of the picture, in the end tried to "kidnap" Lennon to emigrate with him to New Zealand. His mother caught him in time and the scene climaxed in a heated argument, during which Lennon's dad many him choose between them. Lennon chose his dad, but then ran after his mom when she walked away. Lennon was 5 at the time. He lived during most of his childhood and adolescence with an aunt, with his mother visiting nearly every day. When he was 17 she was hit by a car and killed. Given the huge influence of the Beatles, especially on those of us where were alive in the 60s, it's a bit surprising to remember that the band really only existed for 10 years: 1960-1970, and then surprising again to realize that Lennon lived and worked for only 10 years after that. After the breakup of the Beatles Lennon went on to work on his own and in other collaborative projects, continuing to create groundbreaking music, art, and to exert as much influence as he could for peace in the world. On December 8, 1980, after spending several hours at a recording studio, Lennon and his wife returned to their apartment at about 10 minutes to 11pm. His wife preceded him into the building, but as Lennon walked toward the entrance a man stepped forward and called out "Mr. Lennon!" Lennon turned around, and the man fired five shots. Four of them hit him, one piercing Lennon's aorta. He staggered up the steps of the building, saying, "I'm shot," and collapsed in the reception area. The doorman called the police, who arrived within minutes. They put Lennon, moaning, into the back seat of their cruiser and rushed him to hospital. Ont he way, one of the officers asked "Do you know who you are?" Lennon nodded but couldn't speak, and lost consciousness shortly after that. He was dead on arrival at the hospital when he arrived at 11:15. He had lost more than 80% of his blood volume, making his blood pressure far too low to supply oxygen to his brain and other organs. According to the Chief Medical Examiner, nobody could have lived more than a few minutes with those injuries. Sources: Wikipedia entries on John Lennon and his killer, Mark David Chapman . Posted by January 3, 106 BC - December 7, 43 BC: Age 63 "It is a great thing to know our vices." Cicero was a lawyer, statesman, political theorist and philosopher in Rome during the heady times of Caesar and Mark Anthony. Anyone who has taken classical Latin in school has read excerpts, at least, from his essays, which are beautifully written and considered the pinnacle of Latin prose style of the era. Cicero passionately believed in the ideal of the Roman Republic when Julius Caesar began to systematically accumulate power and dismantle the traditional forms of government in order to secure his position. Cicero opposed Caesar until it became clear that resistance was futile. At that point Caesar extended the hand of peace, inviting him to return to Rome (he had prudently withdrawn). Cicero was a respected politician and citizen and his support was valuable to Caesar. Cicero acquiesced, focusing his efforts on trying to persuade Caesar to revive the Republic and on protecting what little of it remained. He did not fare so well under Mark Anthony. After Caesar's assasination in 44 BC, a brief period of instability brought Cicero much prominence and popularity as various factions competed for his favour. Mark Anthony rose to become the other leading man in Rome as consul, and a power struggle ensued: Cicero's eloquence and influence over Anthony's control over the armies. The outcome was inevitable. Anthony's power grew, and his paranoia along with it. He began to draw up long lists of "enemies of the state" to be hunted and murdered by his soldiers. Cicero made the list as soon as he lost the favour of Octavian, Caesar's nephew and adopted son. He tried to take ship to Macedonia, but was caught leaving his villa in Formiae. It is said that his last words were "there is nothing proper about what you are doing, soldier, but do try to kill me properly". They cut off his head, and later his head and hands were put on display in the Forum. Anthony's wife Fulvia is said to have taken his head, pulled out his tongue, and stabbed it repeatedly with a hairpin in rage. 270? - December 6, 343: Age 73? Yes! It's true! Santa Claus died on this day! Nicholas' parents were were affluent Christians in what is now Turkey in a Greek city, Patara. Nicholas himself was an extremely pious infant. Legend has it that he carefully observed canonical feasts by abstaining from his mother's breasts on the appropriate days. His parents died when he was quite young, and he devoted his inheritance to charitable works. The most famous story has it that he heard of an affluent man who had lost all of his money, including the dowry for his three daughters. The daughters had no prospects of marriage, and were facing life working in a brothel if something didn't change in the family fortunes. When Nicholas heard of this, he took a bag of gold, snuck up to the man's house at night, and threw it in the window. The man used the gold as a dowry, and married off his eldest daughter. Later, Nicholas returned and threw a second bag of gold into the house. Finally, with the third daughter, the father secretly kept watch, caught Nicholas in the act, showered him with thanks, and told the world what a great guy he was. This act of secret giving, combined with the proximity of his Saint-Day to Christmas has, through a complex series of transformations, given rise to the modern-day stories of Santa Claus as a bringer of gifts on Christmas Eve. For his help to the poor, Nicholas became the patron saint of pawnbrokers. These three bags of gold morphed into the three golden balls that you see hanging outside pawnbrokers' shops in pre-literate days. He is also the saint of sailors and all things nautical, the patron saint of Greece, and the patron of children and students. This latter association is probably because of another story: during a famine, an innkeeper caught and killed three children, pickling them in a tub of brine with the intention of selling them as ham. Nicholas found the three children and brought them back to life: this is seen in some of his statues showing three infants in a tub at his feet. Another version of the story has the three victims as adults, possibly the origin of the English legend of Sweeney Todd, the barber who murdered his customers and gave them to his girlfriend to bake into pies for her shop. Anyway, these three lucky people, whatever age they were, were revived by St. Nicholas. Nicholas became the Bishop of the city of Myra. He was one of the participants in the First Council of Nicaea, a pivotal meeting of the Christian world that resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine, called the Nicene Creed. The was a great controversy at the time about whether Christ was of the same substance as his Father, or whether he was simply a creation of his Father. Arius, a priest from Alexandria, espoused the latter view, which was voted down, and perhaps Saint Nicholas' contribution to the argument had an influence on that decision: he became so enraged by Arius' views that he rushed over to him and boxed his ears. (I had to look that up: it usually means striking someone on both ears at the same time. I bet it hurts.) Nicholas' death is unusual in two respects. One, he died an old man in his bed: very unusual for a saint. Most of the early saints died in an untimely way in horrible torment. Two, his body stayed in one piece, we think. Getting the knuckle of a major saint could turn a small cathedral into a place of pilgrimage, bringing in tourists and boosting local trade. Thus most saints' bodies did not stay together, but were distributed/traded/sold for maximum merit/influence/profit. Originally his body was kept at Myra, but when the city was overtaken by Muslims some enterprising Italians "liberated" the remains, taking them to Bari, in Apulia, Italy. They have stayed there every since, oozing an oily substance known as "Manna di S. Nicola". They were examined by scientists in 1950 who concluded that Nicholas was a short man, only about 5 feet tall, and had a broken nose. Maybe Arius hit him back. If you're wondering how the name "St. Nicholas" morphed into "Santa Claus", it was through the Germanic form of "Nicholas", which is "Klaus" (dropping the first syllable and eliding the second and third). The Dutch tradition of "Sinterklaas", based on St. Nicholas, came to North American through New Amsterdam (now New York) in the 17th century. The gift-giving, child-oriented stories of St. Nicholas are common to all Christian cultures, so the tradition was easily adopted by Christian people as they arrived in the United States. December 5 | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart January 27, 1756 - December 5, 1791: Age 35 "I never lie down at night without the reflection that — young as I am — I may not live to see another day. Yet no one of all my acquaintances could say that in company I am morose or disgruntled." Mozart was perhaps the most brilliant musical genius in European history; certainly he is the most famous. He began playing piano at the age of 3; his first composition was created at the age of 5. He early career is a laundry list of such incredible bits of information. Certain Mozart was a child prodigy, but his father Leopold, a musician and composer himself, was also a canny marketer, and made the most of his son's talent. Mozart's older sister, Nannerl, was also a talented young musician, and the Mozart family travelled around Europe exhibiting the young prodigies. Mozart went on to be an equally brilliant adult composer. (Nannerl, on the other hand, was discouraged and never performed in public once she had reached her late teens. It was thought she would not be "marriageable" if she performed as an adult.) Mozart's gigantic output of operas, symphonies, concerti, chamber music, and choral music are still performed and loved today. There is a special brilliance, a lightness to his music that is irresistable. His personal life was more difficult, as he had a rocky relationship with his father (he eventually moved from Salzburg to Vienna to get away from him) and the life of a freelance composer has never been an easy one in any age. For the most part he prospered until the 1790s brought an economic downturn and concomitant financial problems for the Mozart family (by this time he was married and had two children). However the year 1791 was a very productive one artistically and financially. Alas, this was also the year of his death. His final illness came in November of 1791, when he was only 35. He came down on November 20 with swelling, pain, and vomiting. The most likely diagnosis is acute rheumatic fever, of which he had had several attacks starting when he was young. He was working at the time on a Requiem, and continued to do so during his illness until the swelling of his limbs made it impossible. On December 4 he seemed a little better, then suddenly much worse. He said to his sister-in-law, "You must stay here tonight and see me die...Why, I have already the taste of death on my tongue." According to his son Karl, who was 7 when he died, "A few days before he died, his whole body became so swollen that the patient was unable to make the smallest movement, moreover, there was a stench, which reflected an internal disintegration which, after death, increased to the extent that an autopsy was rendered impossible." Just before he died, he asked his wife what the doctor had said after his visit that day. When she lied by telling him something positive, he said, "It isn't true. I shall die, now when I am able to take care of you and the children. Ah, now I will leave you unprovided for." According to his wife, as he spoke these words, "Suddenly he vomited — it gushed out of him in an arc — it was brown, and he was dead." Much is made of the fact that Mozart was buried in a common grave and had a simple funeral, but this was normal practice for middle class people in Austria in that period. Click here to see and hear the gorgeous 2nd movement of his clarinet concerto, written in the last year of his life. Sources: Wikipedia ; Solomon, Maynard, Mozart, Harper Collins, 1995 This post is for Stephen Prime, a damn good first violin, who suggested the subject. Posted by December 4 | Frank Zappa December 21, 1940 - December 4, 1993: Age 52 "If you wind up with a boring, miserable life because you listened to your mom, your dad, your teacher, your priest or some guy on TV telling you how to do your shit, then YOU DESERVE IT." Frank Zappa was a composer, musician, and an artist in many other media as well. I remember as a child being shocked and a little frightened by things I learned about Frank Zappa: for example, there was a poster of him sitting on a toilet, half-naked, pants around his ankles, in almost every bedroom of a certain type of intellectual teenager ( watch and hear his thoughts on this in a UK interview ). His album covers were disturbing ("Weasels Ripped My Flesh" featured a cartoon of a smiling American guy holding a flesh-ripping weasel to his face). His song titles were disturbing. He gave his children weird names (Moon, Dweezil, Ahmet, and Diva). The thing that really bothered me the most was that he was ugly, or so it seemed to me at the time. He wasn't, actually, it was just that in not trying to cultivate a beautiful, acceptable image he (probably inadvertantly) created an image of deliberate personal ugliness. Or so it seemed to a middle-class small-town Canadian girl-child in the 1960s. This truly puzzled and frightened me. It carried, for me, the terrifying vibration of inner freedom. Music was at the core of what his did, believed, thought, explored, and expressed. As a young man he discovered Edgard Varèse, a very avant-garde contemporary composer. He was so obsessed with Varèse that his mother gave him, as a fifteenth birthday present, permission to call the composer long distance at his home in New York. Unfortunately Varèse was away in Europe at the time but Zappa spoke to his wife, and later received a friendly letter from Varèse himself. He framed the letter and kept it on display for the rest of his life. Zappa's music was disturbing, intricate, sometimes ugly, often beautiful, always at or near the edge of the current cultural climate. Naturally he insisted on producing his records himself and maintaining artistic control; this paid off in a large output of original, brilliant, and extremely influential musical explorations. My friend Ken wrote to me last week "All idealism is an attempt to dismiss a specific suffering or struggle from one's experience". Zappa was an anti-idealist. He was brilliant at seeing things exactly as they are, and pointing it out to whomever was interested in hearing what he had to say. During the 1980s he was active in the fight against quasi-censorship of music through "ratings" labels on record albums. See this appearance on Crossfire to see Zappa's style. It is impossible to "fit" Zappa into a tiny entry like this. My advice is: get on the net and explore. Also, check out what his kids are doing....great things, all four of them. In 1991 he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. The prognosis was terminal (as it is for all of us, but his was more terminal than most). He continued to work, focusing on orchestral and synclavier (an early digital synthesizer) works. He died on December 4, 1993. Finally, a quote from him relevant his current state of non-being: "Well, I believe that those energies and processes exist. I just don't think that they've been adequately described or adequately named yet, because people are too willing to make it all into something that supports a religious theory of one flavor or another. If you start defining these things in nuts-and-bolts scientific terms, people reject it because it's not fun, y'know. It takes some of the romance out of being dead ... because of people's desires to have eternal life and to extend their influence from beyond the grave ... all that Houdini type stuff ... but basically, I think when you're dead ... you're dead. It comes with the territory." December 3 | Elizabeth Glaser November 11, 1947 - December 3, 1994: Age 47 Elizabeth Glaser had one piece of very bad luck: she received an HIV-infected blood transfusion in 1981 while giving birth to her daughter Ariel. Although it was Glaser who as infected, Ariel received the virus eventually as well through breastfeeding. In 1984, her son Jake was born, he had contracted HIV from his mother in utero. Nobody knew this until Ariel began to get sick. In 1985 all three family members were tested for HIV and found positive. At the time, there was no treatment, and AIDS was a death sentence. In 1987 AZT was approved as a life-extending drug, but it was approved only for adults. Although Glaser and her husband (actor Paul Michael Glaser) fought hard to have Ariel treated with AZT, permission came too late and Ariel died in 1988. Glaser co-founded the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation in 1988 in an effort to save her own child as well as other HIV-positive children. For 6 years she worked to raise public awareness of HIV infection in children and to encourage funding for pediatric AIDS drugs and research. Her health began to fail in 1994 and she died in December. The Foundation continues, and is a major force in funding the study of pediatric HIV issues. Jake is now a healthy young adult. July 8, 1934 - December 2, 1982: Age 48 "The pen is mightier than the sword, and considerably easier to write with." Marty Feldman was a British writer and comic actor who was instantly recognizable by his bulging, out-of-synch eyes (the result of a thyroid condition). He worked closely with all the other great comedians of 20th century, including all the cast members of Monty Python, Jim Henson and the Muppets, Tim Brooke-Jones, and Mel Brooks. In 1967 he worked with John Cleese and Graham Chapman in At Last the 1948 Show, a precursor to the genius of Monty Python. In fact several famous Python sketches are lifted from the earlier show, including Four Yorkshiremen (click to view, it's worth it!) . Feldman was a heavy smoker (5-6 packs a day), and this probably contributed to his early death of a heart attack, aggravated on by shellfish food poisoning, while filming in Mexico for the movie Yellowbeard. Earlier that day he met the cartoonist Sergio Aragones, who immortalized the meeting in DC Comic Solo #11 as "I killed Marty Feldman". You can read it here . Here's another clip to enjoy: The Randy Footballer . Spot Michael Palin and Terry Jones among the cast. December 1 | Bandit July 2004 - December 1, 2007: Age 3 Bandit was the best cat. Everybody says their cat is the best, I guess, but Bandit really was the best, certainly the best of all the cats we've ever known. He was smart, affectionate, and a dangerous hunter of mice and birds. We had a game, where we would throw a hackysack back and forth with Bandit in the middle. Bandit would leap heroically three or four feet into the air, sometimes even catching it in midair (he always relinquished it immediately so that the game could continue — he seemed to understand that the chase is more fun than the kill). When a large rat got into our house he dueled it ferociously until it managed to slip out an open door, never to return. Our decision to let Bandit be an outdoor cat was a calculated risk. We took it, feeling that his roaming, hunting ways were too much a part of his quality of life to confine him. Thus the whole neighbourhood knew him, knew him by name because he always wore an ID tag with name, address and phone number, plus two bells in order to give his small prey a chance to keep clear (although even with two bells he learned to stalk silently when he wanted to). It was our neighbours who found Bandit crying between two houses across the road, and came to get us. He stopped crying when I arrived, but was holding his hindquarters awkwardly. We figured his leg was broken and, worried he would maul us if given a sharp pain (he was quite capable), simply presented him with an open-sided, open-topped basket. He pulled himself in with his front legs, dragging his hindquarters. His tail drooped over the edge. The ride to the vet's was calm. He didn't cry once, just looked around with interest, and rested his head on my hands when I scritched him. I imagined he even purred a little. He was so calm, quiet, and affectionate that we were sure he'd be okay, which in retrospect was naive. After a very long wait, the vet delivered the news: his pelvis was fractured in several places and, much worse, his spine was crushed. His hindquarters showed very little function when he arrived but had become completely unresponsive, even to strong pinching of his toes. There was some possibility of driving to Guelph (1 hour away) in hope of finding a neurological surgeon who might stabilize him enough to repair the broken bones, but life with his hindquarters in a cart and no control of his poo was not a realistic option, in our opinion, for our Great Hunter. We couldn't be with him during the examination, and were shocked by his appearance when we saw him again. During the two hours since bringing him in, he had become shocky and unresponsive. He was sedated, of course. His gums, nose, and tongue were white, and his paws (including the front ones) were cold (his temperature had been 5 degrees Celsius below normal when we brought him in). He was in a large open cage at waist height, so we were able to stroke him, support his head with our hands, and scritch him under the jaw and chin. He knew we were there, responded very faintly to our caresses, but even as we stood with him debating the Guelph option, his energy/spirit palpably flickered and lowered. After a long and tearful goodbye, we asked the doctor to euthanize him. I rested my hand on his neck and side while the doctor inserted the needles into his IV. I felt a wave of energy move up my right arm, and he was dead. I remember bringing him home from his litter at 12 weeks, three years ago. A friend and I drove him from Waterloo, 1.5 hours away, along with his two brothers whom she was adopting (and who now continue to rejoice in a full, happy, indoor-cat life). Bandit's two brothers cried loudly most of the way home. But Bandit simply assumed a Sphinx posture, crossed his front paws, and looked curiously around him for the whole trip. Much the same as he did during the last drive to the vet. His attitude, at rest, was always calm, alert, engaged. He was the best cat. Posted by December 1 | Alexander I December 23, 1777 - December 1?, 1825: Age 47? Alexander was the grandson of Catherine the Great (see November 17). She had no faith in his father, her son Paul, so she took Alexander from him soon after he was born. His childhood was characterized by the battle between his grandmother and his father and, like certain children under such circumstances, he withdrew into himself, presenting to the outside world whatever personality and views seemed to suit whomever he was dealing with. Catherine died in 1796. Paul I succeeded her and tried to put through a number of reforms that were met with hostility and conflict. He was murdered in 1801, less than five years after his ascension, and Alexander became Tsar at the age of 23. It seems likely that Alexander knew of the plots against his father, but it is not known whether he was actually implicated in his father's murder. His reign was difficult. The balance of power in Europe was constantly shifting, and in 1812 he had to deal with the invasion of Napoleon. Reform was desperately needed, but bitterly opposed by many factions. He tried to put through many of the same kinds of reforms his father did, but gradually, as he became older, he began to reverse them, and became suspicious of the people around him. It was not unfounded; at least one attempt was made to kidnap him. In the autumn of 1825 he became ill while traveling and died of typhus on December 1. His wife died a few months later. His death came as a great surprise. There was confusion around the succession, as he had no living legitimate children. His brother Constantine had renounced the succession some years earlier but that had not been announced publicly. In the end, another younger brother, Nicholas, succeeded him as Nicholas I. There were rumours that he had really faked his death and funeral, and that he was living incognito as a monk or in some foreign land. A hermit named Feodor Kuzmich emerged, travelling around Russia doing good works for people, and speaking and acting in a mysteriously aristocratic fashion. Many people, even today, believe that Feodor Kuzmich was in fact Alexander I, who had chosen this strange way to renounce his throne and expiate the sin of patricide. People believed that an unknown soldier had been buried in Alexander's place. So persistent was this rumour that the Soviets opened his tomb in 1925, 100 years after his death. Inside they found nothing. The tomb was empty. Nobody knows why.

i don't know

Whom did Time Magazine tab as their Person of the Year for 2011?

Time Person of the Year 2011: ‘The protester’ - The Washington Post Time Person of the Year 2011: ‘The protester’ The inside track on Washington politics. Be the first to know about new stories from PowerPost. Sign up to follow, and we’ll e-mail you free updates as they’re published. You’ll receive free e-mail news updates each time a new story is published. You’re all set! Got it By Elizabeth Flock December 14, 2011 As it has for the past eight decades, Time magazine selected its person of the year Wednesday morning. The distinction goes to the man or woman (or sometimes group or idea) the magazine’s editors believe had the greatest impact during the past twelve months, for good or for ill. In 2011, they chose: “ The Protester .” Thousands of Egyptians gather in Cairo’s Tahrir Square to show Islamists and others are united in wanting change. (Amr Abdallah Dalsh/Reuters) Over the past year, “the protester” has voiced dissent against authoritarian leaders, first in Tunisia , and then in Egypt , Libya , Syria , Yemen and Bahrain . The protester in Spain and in Greece , which even had its own protest dog , struggled with a floundering economy. The protester voiced anger over possibly rigged elections, in countries as diverse as Russia and the Democratic Republic of Congo . In the U.S., the Occupy Wall Street protester began demonstrating first in New York, and then in Washington, Chicago, and cities as small as Trenton, N.J. In this year’s report, Time pieced together what all these revolutions have in common , why they protest , and what the legacy of the year’s protests will be. The magazine profiles a citizen journalist who started the live stream for Occupy Wall Street from Zuccotti Park, and a protester in Mexico who has had enough of the drug violence in that country. “There was a lot of consensus among our people,” Time Managing Editor Richard Stengel told the “Today” show about the choice of the protester. “It felt right.” “Many are outraged by this choice and will hold a demo,” joked Andrew Stroehlein, of the International Crisis Group, of the choice. At first glance, the social media universe greeted the choice with few complaints — unlike with last year’s contentious decision. So many people were upset when Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg took the title over WikiLeaks’ Julian Assange, Time editor spoke out in defense of the cover. There are some hints of dissent. “Time's ‘Person of the Year’ is the person they did not put on their U.S. edition covers,” The Post’s Anup Kaphle wrote on Twitter. In a viral screengrab, Internet users complained about the Dec. 5 cover story selection . Time Magazine put a protester with the headline “Revolution Redux on the cover of its Europe, Asia and South Pacific editions, but opted for the headline “Why Anxiety is Good For You” on the cover of its U.S. edition. Although Time’s now-famous distinction began as “Man of the Year” in 1927, evolving to “Person of the Year” later, the magazine has in recent years rewarded ideas and groups, including its choice of “The American Soldier” in 2003, “The Good Samaritans” in 2005, and “You” in 2006. “So... it's ‘me’ again, minus the mirror,” New York Times’ J. David Goodman wrote of this year’s choice. Below, see images from Egypt, post-revolution: View Photo Gallery: It is a hard road toward democratic reforms in Egypt. A week after protesters broke into the Israeli Embassy in Cairo, the Egyptian military government took steps it said were necessary to preserve order, expanding its powers to detain people without charging them. national

Protest

Los Angeles is the largest city in California? What city holds the honor of being the second largest?

TIME Person of the Year: Everything You Wanted To Know | TIME.com Follow @TIME How long has Person of the Year been around? It has a great origin story—or maybe more of a legend. At the end of 1927, the editors of TIME looked at the year’s covers and realized they had somehow failed to put Charles Lindbergh on the cover. He’d done his historic flight in May, but no cover. They decided they could get away with putting him on the cover months later by calling him “Man of the Year.” It was a stopgap. And here we are 86 years later. The challenge is that on one hand, we’re trying to make a decision about who best represents the news of the year. But the pick also needs to have archival value. You need the sense that it will stand the test of time. So ideally, we want our Person of the Year to be both a snapshot of where the world is and a picture of where it’s going. Someone, or in rare cases, something, that feels like a force of history. (POLL:  TIME’s Person of the Year Shortlist: Their Year on Twitter ) Tell me about the ‘for better or worse’ caveat that’s often attached to Person of the Year. The criterion is “the person or persons who most affected the news and our lives, for good or ill, and embodied what was important about the year.” A lot of news is bad news and a lot of people who make bad news are very powerful people. TIME’s editors aren’t immune to that reality. Famously, they named Hitler in 1938 and Stalin in 1939 and again in 1942. These were men who had a huge impact, not just in those years but over the entire century. It’s easy to stand by those choices, looking back. Arguably you could do a bad guy every year and be justified. Earth isn’t a person and neither is the personal computer. What’s the deal with these inanimate objects? It’s a good question. What I hear anecdotally is that readers are most satisfied when the Person of the Year is a person. Sometimes it’s been a thing; sometimes it’s been a collective. In 2011, it was  The Protester , a sort of representative figure. We thought long and hard about that. Could we execute it in a way that would be satisfying? Would people understand what we were trying to say? We decided that we could, and they would. I think the personal computer really stands up. Although Steve Jobs was profiled for that issue, and you could argue the editors might have been more forward-looking had they named Steve Jobs for that year, 1982. (MORE:  How Egypt’s Gen. al-Sisi Won TIME’s Person of the Year Poll ) Is that something you hear a lot? Why wasn’t Steve Jobs ever Person of the Year? Definitely, particularly the year he died. To me the optimal year would have been 1984, when the first Mac came out. The 1984 Person of the Year was Peter Ueberroth, who ran the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Looking back, it’s easy to judge, but that would have been a good year for Steve. Has the Person of the Year ever been someone who is deceased? No. But nowhere is it written that it couldn’t be. How secretive is the process of putting together the issue? It’s a really fun journalistic property and I think a lot of fun leaks out of it if people have a sense of who it’s going to be. We have runners-up in the issue, so there are a number of stories in the mix each year, and we have to stay flexible, given the nature of the news. Very few people on the staff know who the front-runner is, or even the short list. Really only the people for whom it’s necessary to know, know — including a small circle of editors and the writer working on the story. Layout meetings are held in secret. This is my fourth year editing it and I’ve developed a good poker face. Is it true that the announcement is made before the cover goes to the printers? Yes, this year the announcement will be made on the Today show and to TIME’s 5.2 million Twitter followers on the morning of Dec. 11, as the issue goes to press.  It goes live on TIME.com immediately, and our plan is for readers to be able to download the tablet edition on the 11th as well. Do you feel outside pressure to make a certain choice, especially with social networking and the Internet? We invite it, because we do this online poll, which is extremely unscientific and liable to be hacked. Response to the Person of the Year issue tends to be very focused on whom we put on the cover, but the issue is also our take on the entire year in review. The poll is part of our effort to remind ourselves and readers: these were the things that happened this year and these were the people who made them happen or the people to whom they happened. Certain narratives start to present themselves just through that group of names, about business or technology or human rights or culture or politics. What’s nice about the poll is that we get an unregulated sense of who piques the public’s interest—in some cases, who piques enough interest for someone to bother hacking an Internet poll. And while we don’t make our selection based on the poll results, it’s always interesting to see where some of our preferred candidates end up. People always seem surprised to see entertainers like Miley Cyrus on the Person of the Year poll list. Can you talk about why pop stars are included? TIME has always covered news in its broadest sense. Working on Person of the Year, I’ve spent a lot of time in the archives and I learned that for the first four decades of its life, TIME put a person on the cover every week. There were a handful of exceptions (a  horse , a  flag , the  city of Paris ), but otherwise every week you’d see person on the cover—that’s part of the magazine’s ongoing legacy. Those people are not always world leaders or presidents of the United States or CEOs. Sometimes they are Julia Child or Woody Allen or Charlie’s Angels. And some of those covers are the most enduring covers of TIME. I’m not saying Miley Cyrus is the equivalent of Charlie’s Angels, but I do think there are arguments to be made for cultural figures. They don’t impact the news in the same way a dictator would, but they certainly signal something about where the world is at a given time. If people remember 2013 as the year of Miley Cyrus twerking, I wouldn’t say that’s entirely wrong. Do you have any Person of the Year choices you find inspiring or unusual? I’ve become partial to You from 2006. It’s a great issue. It gets a lot of flak because of the Mylar cover, but if you go back and read that issue of TIME, it’s a very strong statement about what was happening with user-generated content. I also like the “25 and Under” issue from 1966, partly because it has a great composite illustration on the cover, which is hard to pull off, but also it was a clever move to identify what would later be known as the Baby Boomer generation at that moment. Any hints for this year? No.

i don't know

Santa's Little Helper is the family dog on what TV series?

Santa's Little Helper | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Santa's Little Helper races at the Springfield Downs . History Homer was relying on a Christmas bonus to buy presents, but didn't get it. He was relying on this bonus because the jar of Christmas money that Marge accumulates for the family's Christmas treats was disposed of to pay for the removal of a tattoo that Bart got on his arm. Homer took the small amount of Christmas money he made working as Santa Claus at the Springfield Mall and bet it at the dog track. He had inside information on what dog was going to win, but instead bet on the "long shot," Santa's Little Helper, believing his name to be a sign. Santa's Little Helper finished last (apparently, it was the latest in a long string of last-place finishes), and his frustrated owner abandoned him. Homer and Bart brought him home, and everyone was so happy with him that it was a merry Christmas after all. [1] Snowball II , Maggie and Santa's Little Helper together for a picture Sometimes, Santa's Little Helper can be seen chewing on the newspaper and other objects in the Simpson's household (sometimes ignored or tolerated by the family), tearing up the furniture, digging holes in the backyard and eating food from the living room table. It is stated that Homer and Santa's Little Helper's birthdays are on the same day. [2] With a few exceptions, Santa's Little Helper doesn't make any sound that resembles a bark. However, he does have an ability to think just like a person. Once, he made a sound similar to "chewy", and Homer writes it down in his review, amazed that the dog spoke English. [3] He is also shown to have ridden a circus ball on his hind legs and speak the phrase 'We love... you!' in an attempt to be given some attention from the Simpson family. [4] In addition, he was mascot of Duff Beer , and was known as Suds McDuff (a reference to a similar, real life mascot Spuds MacKenzie). [5] Santa's Little Helper licking Bart Santa's Little Helper's life with the Simpsons is not always easy. Due to his disobedience and destructive behavior nearly caused the Simpson family to give him away, but he passed an obedience class, thus he could stay. [6] Santa's Little Helper almost passed away from gastric torsion (referred to in the show as a "twisting of the stomach") because Homer initially couldn't afford $750 for the required operation. [7] He also broke two legs when Bart's treehouse was demolished by Mr. Burns ' slanted oil well drill (The latter of which caused Bart Simpson to hate Burns immensely). [8] Santa's Little Helper is sometimes a bad dog. At one time, Santa's Little Helper was shortly abandoned by Bart for Laddie , a purebred and very well-trained dog he bought from a mail-order catalog together with various other expensive gifts and gadgets. To do that, Bart used a credit card he applied for under the name of his dog, yet the credit card company misread the form and issued a card to Mr. "Santos L. Halper". Laddie learned many tricks that Santa's Little Helper was completely unable to perform (most notably a back flip, CPR and using a toilet). The Simpson family nearly forgot about their old pet, and Bart eventually gave him away instead of Laddie when repo men take back everything he fraudulently purchased. Feeling guilty about this disloyalty and bored with his too perfect new dog, Bart tried to get Santa's Little Helper back. When he finally found him, Santa's Little Helper was serving as a guide dog for a blind man named Mr. Mitchell, but eventually chose to return to his former owner, Bart. [9] Santa's Little Helper growling at the family Santa's Little Helper has also shown aptitude in other areas. When neglected by the Simpson family, he ran away, and was adopted by Mr. Burns, and made into a very fearsome guard dog. When Bart was searching for Santa's Little Helper, Bart managed to reawaken Santa's Little Helper's good memories of him. It shown that while the Simpson family sleeps in the night, Santa's Little Helper and Snowball II both watch old episodes of "Lassie" on TV. [10] When Homer and Marge are investigated by Child Protective Services, one of the things noted in the report is "dogs mating on dining room table." At which Santa's Little Helper shamefully turns away. [11] One time, Bart brings Santa's Little Helper to school for show and tell, and Mrs. Krabappel and the entire class, except for Martin Prince are fascinated by him. Mrs. Krabappel feeds him cookies, and the class dotes on him, but they later put him away, and Santa's Little Helper gets into the heating ducts. This later indirectly causes Skinner to be fired. [12] Homer and Santa's Little Helper sleeping on the floor He also becomes a great hero after he saves Homer in a cornfield maze, and then becomes enrolled as a police dog, teamed up with Officer Lou. Both Lou and Santa's Little Helper make a good team, foiling crimes together. After biting Bart's left leg (due to the fact he got furious when the court stated that he violated one of the police codes while catching Snake Jailbird ), Santa's Little Helper is sent off by the Simpson family to live with Lou . Later on, once Springfield Elementary is in danger and Bart isn't able to escape, Santa's Little Helper comes in to save him, and goes back to living with the Simpsons. [13] Unlike when he was the Duff mascot (which depicts the dog as a coward), Santa's Little Helper is depicted as a very brave and smart dog. Santa's Little Helper sleeping in his doghouse Santa's Little Helper has been implied to be bisexual. At the time, the Simpson family is watching a gay pride parade marching down Evergreen Terrace, and one of the groups marching is the Gay Dog Alliance. The marching dogs are clothed in a series of typically camp gay costumes, and Santa's Little Helper, showing excitement by panting, shows an interest in several of the dogs, one of whom winks at him. Santa's Little Helper's attempt to join the dogs is thwarted by the fact that he is currently on a leash, noticing his interest, Homer chooses to take the family away from the pride parade. [14] Physical Appearance

The Simpsons

If Omnipotence is Latin for all powerful, what is Latin for all knowing?

Santa's Little Helper Facts | The Simpsons | The Fact Site Santa’s Little Helper Facts | The Simpsons Home » Film & TV »Santa’s Little Helper Facts | The Simpsons Santa’s Little Helper Facts | The Simpsons Everyone who has ever watched an episode of The Simpsons will know who Santa’s Little Helper is. He’s that troublesome, destructive, and very loveable ex-racing dog who the whole family adores. But so do the creators of The Simpsons , they love him. So do the viewers. He was made to be as realistic as a cartoon dog can be, and he sure is. Here are 10 interesting facts about Santa’s Little Helper. Santa’s Little Helper was made to be a realistic dog. Despite some of his wacky cutaways, Simpson family dog Santa’s Little Helper is actually quite realistic. Unlike most of his cartoon brethren who wear clothes, walk on their hind legs and talk, Matt Groening created Santa’s Little Helper to be more like a real dog. He’s energetic, playful, inquisitive, and above-all he can be destructive at times. Let us not forget all the times the Simpsons have left him home alone only to return to a torn sofa and a houseful broken objects! Santa’s Little Helper’s core characteristics mirror Homer’s characteristics. It’s been pointed out by some staff members on The Simpsons that they write the character of Homer in the same way they do Santa’s Little Helper. Writer John Swartzwelder once said “Both are loyal. Both have the same emotional rage. And both will growl and possible snap if you try to take their food.” Santa’s Little Helper’s racing number is No. 8. This is significant because he first appeared in the episode ‘Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire‘, and this was the eighth episode to be produced by The Simpsons staff. However, this was the first ever episode of The Simpsons to air, and writer Al Jean commented on this saying “the next seven didn’t have the dog, people wondered why”. Santa’s Little Helper has sired two litters of puppies. He fathered a litter of 25 puppies with racing greyhound She’s The Fastest in the episode ‘Two Dozen and One Greyhounds‘. These were kidnapped by C. Montgomery Burns, who wanted to turn them into a coat, Cruella De Vil-style, after all you may recall seeing his vest, his vest, made from real Gorilla chest. However, Monty eventually decided against skinning the litter for a coat and they all went on to become champion racers who earned him a cool $10 million. The second litter was a littler of 8 Greyhound-Poodle crosses that were mothered by Dr. Hibbert’s poodle Rosa Barks after Santa’s Little Helper paid her ‘a late-night booty call’ in the episode ‘Today I Am A Clown‘. Dan Castellaneta (the voice of Homer) has voiced Santa’s Little Helper since 1995. Although the sound effects for Santa’s Little Helper originally came from voice-actor Frank Welker, Dan Castellaneta started doing the noises for Santa’s Little Helper in 1995, after doing the barking noises in a few episodes. Its hinted at that Santa’s Little Helper is bisexual. Oh, and probably had a one-night stand with Snowball V. As a gay pride parade marches down Evergreen Terrace, Santa’s Little Helper is seen panting excitedly after a member of the Gay Dog Alliance winks at him. Rushing in his excitement to join the dogs Santa’s Little Helper forgets he’s on a leash and gets yanked back. The morning after a crazy Simpsons New Year’s party both Snowball V and Santa’s Little Helper are seen leaving the doghouse, both of them looking ashamed about what happened the night before. Santa’s Little Helper only has one known sibling, a brother. In the episode ‘The Bonfire of The Manatees‘ Homer takes the family to visit their ‘country cousins’ on a rural farm. At the farm is Santa’s Little Helper’s (unnamed) brother, who is owned by the farm owner Les. When Bart asks one of the children on the farm how they are related the child tells him that it’s because their dogs are brothers. The writers have admitted they weren’t thinking long-term when they came up with Santa’s Little Helper’s name. When writing the episode where the family dog makes his debut, the writers have said they backed themselves into a corner: all was written but the dog’s name. They needed something Christmas-related, an omen stupid enough to make Homer bet the family’s Christmas fund. But as writer Al Jean said “We weren’t considering what might happen in ten years, when we’ve got to use this name.” The staff of The Simpsons love writing Santa’s Little Helper. The creators of The Simpsons enjoyed writing Santa’s Little Helpers so much when they wrote the episode ‘Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire‘ that they decided to centre more episodes on him in the future. All told Santa’s Little Helper has featured in 50 episodes to date. 51, if you count the movie. That’s right, the Simpsons family dog has featured in half-a-hundred episodes, most of them where he played a main part in moving the episodes plot along, or where he himself was the main plot point. For a cartoon dog born without a name that’s not too bad.

i don't know

The boll weevil, a species of beetle, causes damage to which crop?

Weevils - Weevil Facts & Control Information Weevils Weevils: Facts, Identification & Control What Are Weevils? Weevils are actually beetles. Most belong to the family Curculionidae. There are more species in this family than in any other beetle group. Scientists estimate that there are over 1,000 species of Curculionidae in North America. Weevil species occur in a wide range of colors and body shapes. Many are slender or oval-shaped insects. Depending on the species, weevils range in size from about 3 mm to over 10 mm in length. They are usually dark-colored—brownish to black. Some have scales or shiny hairs covering part of their bodies. The most distinctive feature of weevils is the shape of their head. An adult weevil has an elongated head that forms a snout. The mouth is at the end of the snout. Some weevils have a snout that is as long as the body. Another family of beetles called Bruchidae, such as the cowpea weevil, have a different appearance from the typical weevil. They lack the elongated snout found in the Curculionidae. What Do Weevils Eat? Weevils feed on plants in the larval stage and as adults. Some weevils can be very destructive to crops. For many years, one of the most destructive weevils was the cotton boll weevil. The black vine weevil , Otiorhychus sulcatus (F.), is found in many parts of the United States. It feeds on a variety of plants, including hemlocks and rhododendrons. Most weevils are found in fields, gardens or orchards. A few weevils attack stored grains and seeds. They can be very destructive, and their damage is often very expensive. The most common stored product weevils are the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), and the cowpea weevil , Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). However, a few weevils become structural pests. These are the weevils that upset homeowners because they invade homes—often in great numbers. Some of them invade in the fall. They hide during the winter and leave in the spring. Others invade in the summer when the weather starts turning hot. Weevil Life Cycle Life cycle of weevils depends greatly on the species. For some, in spring, the adult weevils lay their eggs on the ground near the host plant. When the eggs hatch, the larvae burrow into the ground and feed on the roots. Since the larvae are underground, people seldom see them. Many of the larvae spend the winter in the ground and emerge as adults the following spring. However, the adults that emerge during the summer or fall may invade homes for shelter. Some, like the Asiatic oak weevil, are attracted to light, so they are drawn to homes at night. Others may be attracted by the warmth from the house. Weevil Control Homeowners might not notice weevils when they are gathered on the outside of the home. But if the weevils manage to find an opening and invade the home, the homeowner often finds hundreds of insects crawling on the walls and windowsills. A vacuum cleaner is a quick way to remove weevils from the walls and furniture. Be sure to take the vacuum outside to empty it so the weevils don’t reinfest the home. If weevils haven’t invaded, there is time for some prevention. Check outside for any openings that weevils could use to get inside. Look around doors and windows for missing caulk and damaged weather stripping. Check attic vents and crawl space vents for torn screens. Most likely, homeowners seeing weevils are dealing with the stored product species. The most important control methods are to find the infested material and eliminate it. Careful inspection of items before purchasing can help prevent getting a new infestation. Products with holes or signs of damage on the packaging should not be purchased. The Orkin Man™ can help homeowners manage weevils. He will use Orkin’s exclusive A.I.M. system—Assess, Implement and Monitor. He will design a treatment plan for your home’s situation. By focusing on the source of the problem—outside or inside of the home—he will be able to help keep weevils from invading again. When weevils invade , they can come in large numbers. Homeowners often feel more confident calling the local Orkin branch office to get The Orkin Man™ to help get weevils out of their home and keep them out. Types of Weevils Boll Weevil —The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is a type of beetle that is known to cause severe damage to cotton crops. The boll weevil measures an average length of 6 mm. It feeds on the buds and flowers of the cotton plant. Flour Weevil —Wherever flour is present, the beetle known as the flour weevil (Family Tenebrionidae) follows. They are not able to feed on whole grains. These beetles are not actually weevils. Rice Weevil —While it is true that the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) is harmless in itself, it hurts human beings on a larger magnitude by compromising food supplies. What it lacks in stinging or biting, it makes up for in causing destruction on a potentially massive scale. Bean Weevil — is the scientific name of The bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus) the farmers’ scourge. Technically, they belong to the cadre of seed beetles and are not true weevils. Wheat Weevil —Commonly called the granary weevil, the wheat weevil (Sitophilus granarius) holds notoriety for its destructive potential in agriculture. Historically, it is known as one of the most formidable pests. Black Vine Weevils —The black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) is believed to be another species that migrated to the United States. Rose Weevil —The rose weevil (Merhynchites bicolor) is a serious threat to all horticulturists. Its snout can drill through flower buds. These weevils cause irreparable harm by feeding on petals. White Pine Weevil —The white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) is a pest that infests pine and spruce trees. Cowpea Weevil —True to its name, this pest infests cowpeas and stored soybeans. Cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus) lay eggs on the stored beans that they eat, and the larvae use the beans as food while they develop. More facts about weevils:

Cotton

A staunch conservationist, which US President is credited with creating the National Forest Service, 5 national parks, 18 national monuments, 51 Bird Reserves, four Game Preserves, and 150 National Forests?

The Boll Weevil in Missouri: History, Biology and Management Clyde E. Sorenson MU Delta Center The cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis, is the most important pest of cotton in much of America's Cotton Belt. Its importance is due not only to the considerable damage it does but also to its disruption of management programs that target other pests. High numbers of boll weevils can cause you to apply insecticide repeatedly during the growing season because the boll weevil goes through several overlapping generations during every crop season, reproduces quickly, moves often and can be controlled with insecticides only during its adult stage. Applying insecticides can reduce populations of organisms that regulate the populations of other cotton pests, such as aphids, plant bugs and the bollworm complex. The presence of significant boll weevil populations dictates, to some extent, the management of other pests. History and distribution The boll weevil is not native to the United States. It originated in Mexico and Central America where it fed on native tree cottons. It probably adapted to domesticated cottons in Central America in pre-Columbian times. It was first detected in the United States in Texas, about 1892. The boll weevil spread across the Cotton Belt at an average rate of about 60 miles a year and made it to the Carolinas by 1922. It was first detected in Missouri about 1913. Today, you can find the boll weevil in the mid-South cotton-production region, which is Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi and Tennessee, and in Texas, New Mexico and parts of Alabama. States successfully eradicating the boll weevil are North Carolina, South Carolina, California, Florida, Georgia and parts of Alabama. Another subspecies of the boll weevil is found in Arizona, but it feeds predominantly on a wild relative of cotton. The boll weevil is found throughout the Missouri cotton-production region, and cotton is the only host of the boll weevil in the state. It appears to be most abundant along Crowley's Ridge, a north-south ridge extending from the Ozarks south into Arkansas, and in areas near major waterways (Figure 1). Researchers are trying to definitively establish the distribution in the state. Figure 1 Distribution of boll weevils in southern Missouri, spring 1994. The insect's life cycle The boll weevil, like all beetles, undergoes complete metamorphosis. Female boll weevils deposit eggs in cotton flower buds, called squares, and in small bolls. Each female may produce as many as 200 eggs during her life span. The female seals the oviposition hole with frass, or droppings, leaving a characteristic brown, raised area at the site. The bracts of infested squares usually yellow, flare and the squares drop from the plant. Infested bolls may or may not drop. Larvae hatching from the eggs feed on the square or boll tissue for approximately seven days to 14 days (depending on temperature) and then pupate. The pupal stage lasts about five days, after which the new adult emerges. Newly emerged adults feed on squares, pollen or bolls. Females begin laying eggs three days to five days after they emerge. Generation time from egg to egg averages about 18 days to 21 days, although it can be shorter or longer depending on environmental conditions. Figure 2 illustrates the life cycle of the boll weevil. Figure 2 The boll weevil has four stages in its life cycle: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Under favorable conditions, it completes the cycle in 2-1/2 to 3 weeks. Toward the end of summer, as cotton plants mature and days grow shorter, most emerging adult weevils enter a pre-diapause state. Diapause is a resting state comparable to hibernation that adult boll weevils enter to survive winter. Pre-diapause boll weevils typically don't mate but instead spend a great deal of time feeding to build up fat reserves for the winter. During this phase of the annual cycle, boll weevils travel great distances. Individual insects may move more than 30 miles in search of remaining food or wintering habitat. Diapausing boll weevils generally spend the winter in leaf litter in wooded areas near cotton fields. However, a few overwinter in fence rows, grass banks and other sites. Survival is highest in hardwood litter sites. The boll weevils remain in these overwintering sites until warming temperatures, lengthening days and perhaps moisture trigger the break of diapause. Abundance from year to year varies dramatically because of fluctuations in the severity of winters. Spring-emerging boll weevils search for the nearest cotton field and search for squares there. Those emerging before squares are available may feed on the terminal buds of cotton plants or on the pollen of flowering plants around the field. The boll weevil, however, must have cotton pollen available to successfully mate. Once males feed on squares, they produce a pheromone, released in their frass, that is attractive to both females and males. Females are attracted because pheromone identifies not only an oviposition resource but a food source as well. Females know that males can't produce the pheromone until they find squares. Males are attracted to the pheromone because it identifies food and possible mates. Once females respond to the pheromone, the insects mate, and the annual cycle starts again. The insects may produce three generations to five generations a year in southeastern Missouri. Mortality factors Over the course of a year, many factors contribute to boll weevil mortality. These factors include predation, parasitism, disease, weather and others. Predation is a relatively minor component in boll weevil population dynamics compared with other insect pests. Because most of the life cycle is spent inside the square, weevils tend to be safe from predators. However, studies have shown that some ants, especially fire ants, are effective predators of boll weevils. A number of insects, spiders, birds and other animals eat adult boll weevils, but these predators only have a minor effect on infestations. Parasites also have little effect on boll weevil populations. Several native parasitic wasps do attack weevil larvae but rarely in numbers high enough to reduce populations. An exotic parasitic wasp, Catolaccus grandis, is effective, but it cannot overwinter at these latitudes. It may be useful in release programs, though. Disease organisms do kill some boll weevils, but again, normally not at levels that will control infestations. Suicidal emergence can be a significant factor. In some years, many boll weevils come out of diapause long before cotton squares are available. Because most (but not all) emerging weevils will live for only about two weeks without cotton pollen, most of these early emergers die without reproducing. Weather is probably the most important cause of boll weevil death in Missouri (and much of the rest of the Cotton Belt). Because the boll weevil is a tropical insect that traveled north, it is not well-adapted to the climate of much of the United States. Boll weevils start to die at about 23 degrees Fahrenheit; the percentage that dies increases as the temperature drops. Research we've conducted shows that most boll weevils don't survive after an hour at 5 degrees Fahrenheit. Because overwintering boll weevils are insulated by leaf litter, air temperatures usually have to drop lower than the values mentioned above. Snow or ice cover also insulate effectively and protect boll weevils from lethal temperatures. In most years in Missouri, less than 10 percent of the boll weevils that enter wintering habitat survive to spring. A series of severe winters in the late 1970s virtually eradicated the weevil in Missouri; populations did not recover until the late 1980s. High heat, drought and cultivation may kill some larvae during the growing season. The impact of these factors has not been measured in the mid-South growing region. The boll weevil's damage Most damage to cotton by the boll weevil is caused by females laying eggs and larvae feeding. In heavy infestations, nearly every square receives an egg as soon as it is large enough to support the development of a larva (when squares are roughly the size of a pencil eraser); under these conditions, virtually no fruit may be set. The potential for damage is greater because of the boll weevil's short generation time. Two or more generations may occur during viable fruit set. You could lose more than 50 percent of your crop to boll weevils; complete crop failures have occurred. Squares and small bolls fed on by adult boll weevils typically drop from the plant. Larger bolls may not drop but may be more susceptible to invasion by boll-rot organisms. Adults feed on terminals of seedling cotton before squares are available. In rare instances, this feeding causes enough injury to reduce stand or retard plant growth. Management Winter is probably the most effective killer of boll weevils each year in Missouri. Unfortunately, you can't modify the weather or wintering habitat in this area. However, you can manage boll weevil populations through a combination of cultural and chemical control strategies. An important tool for boll weevil management is the pheromone trap. This trap uses a synthetic version of the pheromone produced by male boll weevils to attract weevils of both sexes. These traps give good information on the activity and the number of weevils in a cotton field. Cultural control Cultivation destroys some of the larvae in squares that have fallen off the plant, but other practices are more useful. Managing a crop for earliness establishes much of the fruit before boll weevil numbers rise, and it reduces the time the crop is vulnerable to the insect. Early planting (as soil temperatures allow), early maturing varieties, fertility management to prevent lush, late-season growth, using growth regulators such as Pix (mepiquat chloride) and other earliness practices help reduce boll weevil impact. In some years, a substantial number of weevils can develop in a field after harvest, particularly if harvest was early and regrowth occurs. Destroy crop residues as soon as possible after harvest to reduce overwintering populations. Mowing with a flail or rotary mower is preferable to disking or otherwise trying to bury the residue. To be effective, destroy residue on an area-wide basis. If only a few growers leave residue standing through the fall, enough boll weevils can be produced to infest neighboring growers' acreage the following spring. Chemical control You can use three types of insecticide applications during the cotton-growing season to reduce boll weevil populations. The first two types reduce populations during the growing season; the third reduces populations going into wintering habitat. The first kind of boll weevil insecticide treatment frequently is called a "pin-head square" application. Time the application to coincide with the appearance of the first squares, when they are about the size of a kitchen matchhead. A well-timed pin-head square application can greatly reduce the number of boll weevil colonizers in a field and may eliminate the need for more insecticide treatments later in the season. Pin-head applications are, therefore, the most important chemical "tools" available for boll weevil management. Base your decision to make a pin-head application on pheromone-trap captures. Place pheromone traps when plants emerge at a rate of one trap per 10 acres to 20 acres. You should treat your crop if, during a two-week period prior to the appearance of the first square, you capture one weevil to two weevils in each trap each week. The second type of boll weevil insecticide application is an "in-season," threshold-based treatment. These are directed at populations that have exceeded the economic threshold and that will cause economic loss if left unchecked. Missouri's threshold is 10 percent to 15 percent squares with boll weevil punctures. Examine a minimum of 100 randomly selected squares before you decide whether to treat. Begin scouting when the first squares are one-third grown (about the size of a pencil eraser), and continue weekly until cutout (when square production drops off). You may need to repeat in-season treatments at four-day to five-day intervals until the population is reduced. Late in the season (during and after cutout), raise the threshold to reflect the increasing scarcity of squares. At this time the threshold should be between 20 percent to 30 percent punctured squares, and you should examine small bolls for signs of adult feeding and egg laying. The third type of insecticide treatment option to use against boll weevils is the "diapause-control" spray. Its goal is to reduce the number of boll weevils entering wintering habitat. If you want the diapause-control treatment to be effective, make it part of an area-wide program. Diapause-control sprays are applied to cotton fields after the crop is made but before boll weevils move to wintering habitat (in Missouri this would be about the beginning of September). You may spray several times prior to harvest at 10-day to 14-day intervals. Discontinue when the crop residue is destroyed or killing frost occurs. The need for diapause treatments is based on damage rates in the field and pheromone trap captures. Eradicating the boll weevil The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), in cooperation with state governments and grower organizations, is coordinating a nationwide effort to eradicate the boll weevil from U.S. cotton-production regions. The program uses intensive pheromone trapping, pin-head applications based on pheromone trapping, in-season insecticide applications when needed and intensive diapause-control programs to reduce populations to far below economic significance. As of 1994, boll weevils had been eradicated from North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, California, Arizona and parts of Alabama. Active programs are underway in Alabama, Texas and parts of Tennessee and Mississippi. In North Carolina, where the boll weevil has been eradicated the longest, cotton acreages have increased from fewer than 100,000 acres to more than 450,000 acres. Insecticide applications have been reduced by approximately 50 percent. In Georgia, insecticide applications have been cut from 10 to 12 per season to about four per season, and acreage has grown from fewer than 200,000 acres to almost 1,000,000 acres. A regional plan exists for eradicating the boll weevil from the mid-South growing region. Current plans call for an eradication program to begin in the Missouri production region in 1999-2000, at the same time as in northwestern Tennessee and northeastern Arkansas. This three-state area would be the last to come into the mid-South regional program. The rationale for this late entry is that waiting may allow for a severe winter, which could reduce populations naturally. Grower participation is mandatory if a program is established in an area. The decision to initiate the program is made by a vote of cotton growers in the proposed program area. State legislation is required to enable the program. Costs of the programs have been shared; growers pay for 70 percent of the program, and the government picks up 30 percent. Eradication programs usually last at least three years; future programs will be five years long. The highest costs come during the first two years, but the payment structure usually is designed so that costs are spread out. Total costs have ranged from approximately $50 to $150 an acre. The range in costs is due to varying levels of boll weevil pressure in program regions and the timing of program initiation. We can expect costs in any program undertaken in Missouri to be lower than these rates because of relatively low boll weevil numbers and the concentration of cotton acreage in a relatively small area of the state. Find MU Extension on  

i don't know

What had Grandma been drinking too much of in the song 'Grandma got run over by a reindeer'?

Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer Lyrics Page 2 ( color )  or ( B&W ) CHORUS: Grandma got run over by a reindeer Walking home from our house Christmas Eve. You can say there's no such thing as Santa, But as for me an' Grandpa, we believe.   She'd been drinking too much eggnog, And we begged her not to go. But she forgot her medication, And she staggered out the door into the snow. When we found her Christmas morning, At the scene of the attack She had hoof prints on her forehead, And incriminating Claus marks on her back. CHORUS Now we're all so proud of Grandpa,  He's been taking this so well. See him in there watching football,  Drinking beer and playing cards with cousin Mel. It's not Christmas without Grandma,  All the family's dressed in black. And we just can't help but wonder  Should we open up her gifts or send them back? (SEND THEM BACK!!! ) Now the goose is on the table And the pudding made of fig (ahhhhh!) And the blue and silver candles, that would just have matched the hair in Grandma's wig. I've warned all my friends and neighbours,  Better watch out for yourselves. they should never give a license, to a man who drives a sleigh and plays with elves. (Sing it, Grandpa!)

Eggnog

Mug, Hires, and Barq's are all types of what?

POE - GRANDMA GOT RUN OVER BY A REINDEER LYRICS Grandma Got Run Over By A Reindeer Lyrics Poe - Grandma Got Run Over By A Reindeer Lyrics Grandma got run over by a reindeer Walking home from our house Christmas Eve You can say there's no such thing as Santa But as for me and Grandpa, we believe She'd been drinking too much eggnog And we begged her not to go, please don't go But she forgot her medication And she staggered out the door into the snow When we found her Christmas morning At the scene of the attack She had hoof-prints on her forehead And incriminating Claus marks on her back Now we're all so proud of Grandpa, he's been taking this so well See him in there watching football Drinking beer and playing cards with Cousin Mel It's not Christmas without Grandma All the family's dressed in black And we just can't figure out Should we open up her gifts, or send them back? Send them back! Grandma got run over by a reindeer Coming home from our house Christmas Eve You can say there's no such thing as Santa But as for me and Grandpa, we believe As for me and Grandpa, we believe As for me and Grandpa, we believe, oh yeah, oh yeah Writer(s): Randy Brooks

i don't know

Dec 13, 1953 saw the birth of Ben Bernanke, Harvard grad with a PhD from MIT. What position does he hold, and rather poorly at that?

Home - Economics Books: A Core Collection - UF Business Library at University of Florida Economics Books: A Core Collection Economics Books: A Core Collection: Home A core collection of books on all aspects of economics "Ideas shape the course of history." – John Maynard Keynes ISBN: 9781412961424.1412961424. 2 vols., Sage. Publication Date: 2010 Interest in economics is at an all-time high. Among the challenges facing the nation is an economy with rapidly rising unemployment, failures of major businesses and industries, and continued dependence on oil with its wildly fluctuating price. Americans are debating the proper role of the government in company bailouts, the effectiveness of tax cuts versus increased government spending to stimulate the economy, and potential effects of deflation. Economists have dealt with such questions for generations, but they have taken on new meaning and significance. Tackling these questions and encompassing analysis of traditional economic theory and topics as well as those that economists have only more recently addressed, 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook is intended to meet the needs of several types of readers. The Academic Scribblers by By William Breit and Roger L. Ransom Call Number: HB87 .B72 1998 (Library West) ISBN: 0691059861.Thirdedition,PrincetonUniversityPress,282p.$19.75 Publication Date: 1998 The Academic Scribblers offers a thoughtful and highly literate summary of modern economic thought. It presents the story of economics through the lives of twelve major modern economists, beginning with Alfred Marshall and concluding with Paul Samuelson and Milton Friedman. In a very real sense, this book picks up where Robert Heilbroner's classic The Wordly Philosophers leaves off. Whereas Heilbroner begins with Smith and ends with Joseph Schumpeter, Breit and Ransom bring the story of modern American and British economic theory up to the 1980s. The Academic Scribblers is an elegant summary of modern economic policy debate and an enticement into a happy engagement with the "dismal science" of economics. Call Number: HB103.S6 P455 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780300169270.Yale,345p.$32.50 Publication Date: 2010 Adam Smith (1723–90) is celebrated all over the world as the author of The Wealth of Nations and the founder of modern economics. A few of his ideas—that of the “invisible hand” of the market and that “It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest” have become iconic. Yet Smith saw himself primarily as a philosopher rather than an economist and would never have predicted that the ideas for which he is now best known were his most important. This book shows the extent to which The Wealth of Nations and Smith’s other great work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, were part of a larger scheme to establish a grand “Science of Man,” one of the most ambitious projects of the European Enlightenment and which was only half complete on Smith’s death in 1790. Nick Phillipson reconstructs Smith’s intellectual ancestry and shows what Smith took from, and what he gave to, in the rapidly changing intellectual and commercial cultures of Glasgow and Edinburgh as they entered the great years of the Scottish Enlightenment. Above all he explains how far Smith’s ideas developed in dialogue with those of his closest friend, the other titan of the age, David Hume. Call Number: BF575.F14 H37 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780374100964.Farrar,StrausandGiroux,309p.$27.00 Publication Date: 2011 Outlines a counterintuitive approach to changing the world by assessing its failures, drawing on myriad disciplines to argue that complex challenges must be met through adaptive trial-and-error practices that do not depend on expert opinions or ready-made solutions Call Number: HC106.5 .G32 1998eb e-book (netLibrary) ISBN: 0618094679.40thanniversary,HoughtonMifflin, 276p. Publication Date: 1998 'A compelling challenge to conventional thought' - "New York Times". In this newly updated edition of his classic text on the "economics of abundance", Galbraith lays bare the hazards of individual and social complacency about economic inequality. It is as relevant now, with the ever-widening gap between rich and poor, as when it was first published 40 years ago. Galbraith challenges why we worship work and productivity when so many of the goods we produce are superfluous, and why we grudge spending on public works while ignoring extravagance in the private sector. "The Affluent Society" exemplifies Galbraith's wit, clarity and eloquence of prose. American Amnesia: How the War on Government Led Us to Forget What Made America Great by Jacob S. Hacker; Paul Pierson Call Number: HC106.84 .H33 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781451667820 Publication Date: Simon & Schuster, 2016. $28.00 From the groundbreaking author team behind the bestselling Winner-Take-All Politics, a timely and topical work that examines what’s good for American business and what’s good for Americans—and why those interests are misaligned. In Winner-Take-All Politics, Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson explained how political elites have enabled and propelled plutocracy. Now in American Amnesia, they trace the economic and political history of the United States over the last century and show how a viable mixed economy has long been the dominant engine of America’s prosperity. Like every other prospering democracy, the United States developed a mixed economy that channeled the spirit of capitalism into strong growth and healthy social development. In this bargain, government and business were as much partners as rivals. Public investments in education, science, transportation, and technology laid the foundation for broadly based prosperity. Programs of economic security and progressive taxation provided a floor of protection and business focused on the pursuit of profit—and government addressed needs business could not. The mixed economy was the most important social innovation of the twentieth century. It spread a previously unimaginable level of broad prosperity. It enabled steep increases in education, health, longevity, and economic security. And yet, extraordinarily, it is anathema to many current economic and political elites. And as the advocates of anti-government free market fundamentalist have gained power, they are hell-bent on scrapping the instrument of nearly a century of unprecedented economic and social progress. In American Amnesia, Hacker and Pierson explain how—and why they must be stopped. Call Number: HB74.P8 A494 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691142333.PrincetonUniversityPress,2009.230p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2009 The global financial crisis has made it painfully clear that powerful psychological forces are imperiling the wealth of nations today."Animal spirits" are driving financial events worldwide. In this book, acclaimed economists George Akerlof and Robert Shiller put forward a bold new vision that will transform economics and restore prosperity.Akerlof and Shiller reassert the necessity of an active government role in economic policymaking by recovering the idea of animal spirits, a term John Maynard Keynes used to describe the gloom and despondence that led to the Great Depression and the changing psychology that accompanied recovery. Like Keynes, Akerlof and Shiller know that managing these animal spirits requires the steady hand of government--simply allowing markets to work won't do it. In rebuilding the case for a more robust, behaviorally informed Keynesianism, they detail the most pervasive effects of animal spirits in contemporary economic life--such as confidence and fear, bad faith, corruption, a concern for fairness, and show how Reaganomics, Thatcherism, and the rational expectations revolution failed to account for them.Animal Spiritsoffers a road map for reversing the financial misfortunes besetting us today. Call Number: HC60 .H8195 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780231145626.ColumbiaBusinessSchoolPub.,198p.$22.95. Publication Date: 2009 Over the past twenty years more citizens in China and India have raised themselves out of poverty than anywhere else at any time in history. They accomplished this through the local business sector -- the leading source of prosperity for all rich countries. In most of Africa and other poor regions the business sector is weak, but foreign aid continues to fund government and NGOs. Switching aid to the local business sector in order to cultivate a middle class is the oldest, surest, and only way to eliminate poverty in poor countries.A bold fusion of ethics and smart business, The Aid Trapshows how the same energy, goodwill, and money that we devote to charity can help local business thrive. R. Glenn Hubbard and William Duggan, two leading scholars in business and finance, demonstrate that by diverting a major share of charitable aid into the local business sector of poor countries, citizens can take the lead in the growth of their own economies. Although the aid system supports noble goals, a local well-digging company cannot compete with a foreign charity that digs wells for free. By investing in that local company a sustainable system of development can take root. Call Number: HM35 .L35 1993 (Library West) ISBN: 0029177758.FreePress,241p.$14.00 Publication Date: 1993 Witty economists are about as easy to find as anorexic mezzo-sopranos, natty mujahedeen, and cheerful Philadelphians. But Steven E. Landsburg...is one economist who fits the bill. In a wide-ranging, easily digested, unbelievably contrarian survey of everything from why popcorn at movie houses costs so much to why recycling may actually reduce the number of trees on the planet, the University of Rochester professor valiantly turns the discussion of vexing economic questions into an activity that ordinary people might enjoy. Call Number: HB74.5B69 2012 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9781849808460.EdwardElgar,506p. Publication Date: 2012 In this book, Simon Bowmaker offers a remarkable collection of conversations with leading economists about research in economics. He has selected a broad sample of the great economists of our time, including people whose perspectives span most of the major subdivisions of economics research, from micro to macro, from theoretical to empirical, from rationalist to behavioralist. This innovative volume contains 25 interviews with practicing economists, presenting insightful personal accounts into an often-misunderstood field. Contributors to this volume were asked to reflect on their own experience in economics research, including their methods of working, the process of scientific discovery and knowledge creation, and the challenges of successfully disseminating their work. The unique and compelling interview format showcases each contributor's personal connection to his or her work, presenting a view of current economics research that is technical, comprehensive, and refreshingly human. Both students and current scholars in economics will find much to admire in this book's window into the inner workings of some of the brightest and best-known minds in the field. Call Number: HD30.28 .D587 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393062434.WWNorton&Co., 483p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2008 Game theory means rigorous strategic thinking. It's the art of anticipating your opponent's next moves, knowing full well that your rival is trying to do the same thing to you. Though parts of game theory involve simple common sense, much is counterintuitive, and it can only be mastered by developing a new way of seeing the world. Using a diverse array of rich case studies--from pop culture, TV, movies, sports, politics, and history--the authors show how nearly every business and personal interaction has a game-theory component to it. Are the winners of reality-TV contests instinctive game theorists? Do big-time investors see things that most people miss? What do great poker players know that you don't? Mastering game theory will make you more successful in business and life, and this lively book is the key to that mastery. Call Number: HB171.S376 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674052260.HarvardUniversityPress,356p.,$28.95 Publication Date: 2012 Economists make confident assertions in op-ed columns and on cable news-so why are their explanations often at odds with equally confident assertions from other economists? And why are all economic predictions so rarely borne out? Harnessing his frustration with these contradictions, Jonathan Schlefer set out to investigate how economists arrive at their opinions. While economists cloak their views in the aura of science, what they actually do is make assumptions about the world, use those assumptions to build imaginary economies (known as models), and from those models generate conclusions. Schlefer takes up current controversies such as income inequality and the financial crisis, for which he holds economists in large part accountable. Although theorists won international acclaim for creating models that demonstrated the inherent instability of markets, ostensibly practical economists ignored those accepted theories and instead relied on their blind faith in the invisible hand of unregulated enterprise. Schlefer explains how the politics of economics allowed them to do so. The Assumptions Economists Make renders the behavior of economists much more comprehensible, if not less irrational. Auctions by Timothy P. Hubbard; Harry J. Paarsch Call Number: HF5476 .H83 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780262528535 Publication Date: MIT, 2015. $15.95 Although it is among the oldest of market institutions, the auction is ubiquitous in today's economy, used for everything from government procurement to selling advertising on the Internet to course assignment at MIT's Sloan School. And yet beyond the small number of economists who specialize in the subject, few people understand how auctions really work. This concise, accessible, and engaging book explains both the theory and the practice of auctions. It describes the main auction formats and pricing rules, develops a simple model to explain bidder behavior, and provides a range of real-world examples. The authors explain what constitutes an auction and how auctions can be modeled as games of asymmetric information -- that is, games in which some players know something that other players do not. They characterize behavior in these strategic situations and maintain a focus on the real world by illustrating their discussions with examples that include not just auctions held by eBay and Sotheby's, but those used by Google, the U.S. Treasury, TaskRabbit, and charities. Readers will begin to understand how economists model auctions and how the rules of the auction shape bidder incentives. They will appreciate the role auctions play in our modern economy and understand why these selling mechanisms are so resilient. Call Number: HB74 .P65 H83 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9781476700250.Simon&Schuster,351p.,$28.00 Publication Date: 2013 In this groundbreaking book, two economists explain why economic imbalances cause civil collapse-- and why the United States could be next. From the Ming Dynasty to Ottoman Turkey to imperial Spain, the Great Powers of the world emerged as the greatest economic, political, and military forces of their time--only to collapse into rubble and memory. What is at the root of their demise--and how can the United States stop this pattern from happening again? Glenn Hubbard and Tim Kane present a bold, sweeping account of why powerful nations and civilizations break down under the heavy burden of economic imbalance. Hubbard and Kane compare the twenty-first-century United States to the empires of old and challenge Americans to address the real problems of our country's dysfunctional fiscal imbalance. If there is not a new economics and politics of balance, they show that there will be an inevitable demise ahead. Call Number: HB171.S713 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780465022526. 4th edition, Basic Books, 689 p. $39.95 Publication Date: 2011 The fourth edition of Basic Economics is both expanded and updated. A new chapter on the history of economics itself has been added, and the implications of that history examined. A new section on the special role of corporations in the economy has been added to the chapter on government and big business, among other additions throughout the book. Basic Economics, which has now been translated into six languages, has grown so much that a large amount of material in the back of the book in previous editions has now been put online instead, so the book itself and its price will not have to expand. The central idea of Basic Economics, however, remains the same: that the fundamental facts and principles of economics do not require jargon, graphs, or equations, and can be learned in a relaxed and even enjoyable way. Call Number: HG255 .S837 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691149097.PrincetonUniversityPress,$29.95 Publication Date: 2013 The name of the remote New Hampshire town where representatives of 44 nations gathered in July 1944, in the midst of the century's second great war, has become shorthand for enlightened globalization. The story surrounding the historic Bretton Woods accords is full of startling drama, intrigue, and rivalry, which are vividly brought to life in Steil's epic account. Call Number: HB74 .P8 .P27 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691144023. Princeton University Press, 211 p., $35.00 Publication Date: 2014 A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other fields. Research has also shown that economics can provide insight into many aspects of sports, including soccer. Beautiful Game Theory is the first book that uses soccer to test economic theories and document novel human behavior. In this brilliant and entertaining book, Ignacio Palacios-Huerta illuminates economics through the world’s most popular sport. He offers unique and often startling insights into game theory and microeconomics, covering topics such as mixed strategies, discrimination, incentives, and human preferences. He also looks at finance, experimental economics, behavioral economics, and neuroeconomics. Soccer provides rich data sets and environments that shed light on universal economic principles in interesting and useful ways. Essential reading for students, researchers, and sports enthusiasts, Beautiful Game Theory is the first book to show what soccer can do for economics. Call Number: QA29.N25 N37 1999 (Library West) ISBN: 0684853701.Simon&Schuster,459p. Publication Date: 1999 At the age of 31 John Nash, mathematical genius, suffered a devastating breakdown and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Yet after decades of leading a ghost-like existence, he was to re-emerge to win a Nobel Prize and world acclaim. The inspiration for a major motion picture directed by Ron Howard, Sylvia Nasar's award-winning biography is a drama about the mystery of the human mind, a triumph over incredible adversity, and the healing power of love. Call Number: HF5386 .H243 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691140469.PrincetonUniversityPress,216p.,$24.95 Publication Date: 2011 The first book to seriously measure the advantages of beauty, Beauty Pays demonstrates how society favors the beautiful and how better-looking people experience startling but undeniable benefits in all aspects of life. Noted economist Daniel Hamermesh shows that the attractive are more likely to be employed, work more productively and profitably, receive more substantial pay, obtain loan approvals, negotiate loans with better terms, and have more handsome and highly educated spouses. Hamermesh illustrates how attractive workers make more money, how these amounts differ by gender, and how looks are valued differently based on profession. He considers whether extra pay for good-looking people represents discrimination, and, if so, who is discriminating. Hamermesh even examines whether government programs should aid the ugly. He also discusses whether the economic benefits of beauty will persist into the foreseeable future and what the "looks-challenged" can do to overcome their disadvantage. Beauty Pays proves that beauty's rewards are anything but superficial. Call Number: HB74.P8 B455 2007 (Library West & Legal information Center) ISBN: 9780691122847.PrincetonUniversityPress,312p.$45.00 Publication Date: 2007 In the last decade, behavioral economics, borrowing from psychology and sociology to explain decisions inconsistent with traditional economics, has revolutionized the way economists view the world. But despite this general success, behavioral thinking has fundamentally transformed only one field of applied economics - finance. Peter Diamond and Hannu Vartiainen's "Behavioral Economics and Its Applications" argues that behavioral economics can have a similar impact in other fields of economics. In this volume, some of the world's leading thinkers in behavioral economics and general economic theory make the case for a much greater use of behavioral ideas in six fields where these ideas have already proved useful but have not yet been fully incorporated - public economics, development, law and economics, health, wage determination, and organizational economics. The result is an attempt to set the agenda of an important development in economics - an agenda that will interest policymakers, sociologists, and psychologists as well as economists. Call Number: HB74.5 .B48 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674036185.HarvardUniversityPress,315p.$45.00 Publication Date: 2010 Better Living Through Economics consists of twelve case studies that demonstrate how economic research has improved economic and social conditions over the past half century by influencing public policy decisions. Economists were obviously instrumental in revising the consumer price index and in devising auctions for allocating spectrum rights to cell phone providers in the 1990s. Economists built the foundation for eliminating the military draft in favor of an all-volunteer army in 1973, for passing the Earned Income Tax Credit in 1975, for deregulating airlines in 1978, for adopting the welfare-to-work reforms during the Clinton administration, and for implementing the Pension Reform Act of 2006 that allowed employers to automatically enroll employees in a 401(k). Other important policy changes resulting from economists’ research include a new approach to monetary policy that resulted in moderated economic fluctuations (at least until 2008!), the reduction of trade impediments that allows countries to better exploit their natural advantages, an improved method of placing new physicians in hospital residencies that is more likely to keep married couples in the same city, and the adoption of tradable emissions rights which has improved our environment at minimum cost. Call Number: HB71 .B37 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691137162.Princeton,312p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2010 One of the central tenets of mainstream economics is Adam Smith's proposition that, given certain conditions, self-interested behavior by individuals leads them to the social good, almost as if orchestrated by an invisible hand. This deep insight has, over the past two centuries, been taken out of context and used as the cornerstone of free-market orthodoxy. In Beyond the Invisible Hand, Kaushik Basu argues that mainstream economics and its conservative popularizers have misrepresented Smith's insight and hampered our understanding of how economies function, why some economies fail and some succeed, and what the nature and role of state intervention might be. Comparing this view of the invisible hand with the vision described by Kafka--in which individuals pursuing their atomistic interests, devoid of moral compunction, end up creating a world that is mean and miserable--Basu argues for collective action and the need to shift our focus from the efficient society to one that is also fair. It maintains that, by ignoring the role of culture and custom, traditional economics promotes the view that the current system is the only viable one, thereby serving the interests of those who do well by this system. Beyond the Invisible Hand challenges readers to fundamentally rethink the assumptions underlying modern economic thought and proves that a more equitable society is both possible and sustainable. By scrutinizing Adam Smith's theory, this impassioned critique of contemporary mainstream economics debunks traditional beliefs regarding best economic practices, self-interest, and the social good. Call Number: HB172.5 .A789 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262019736. 415 p., MITPress,$40.00 Publication Date: 2013 Macroeconomists have been caricatured either as credulous savants in love with thebeauty of their mathematical models or as free-market fundamentalists who admit no doubt as to themarket's wisdom. In this book, Kartik Athreya draws a truer picture, offering a nontechnicaldescription of prominent ideas and models in macroeconomics, arguing for their value as interpretivetools as well as their policy relevance. Athreya deliberately leaves out the technical machinery,providing students new to modern macroeconomics as well as readers with no formal training in economics or mathematics with an essential guide to the sometimes abstract ideas that drive macroeconomists' research and practical policy advice. Athreya describes the main approach to macroeconomic model construction,the foundational Walrasian general equilibrium framework, and its modern version, theArrow-Debreu-McKenzie (ADM) model. In the heart of the book, Athreya shows how the Walrasian approach shapes and unifiesmuch of modern macroeconomics. He details models central to ongoing macroeconomic analyses: theneoclassical and stochastic growth models, the standard incomplete-markets model, theoverlapping-generations model, and the standard search model. Athreya's accessible primer traces thelinks between the views and policy advice of modern macroeconomists and their shared theoreticalapproach. Call Number: HD75 .M439 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0195170024..OxfordUniversityPress,250p.$25.00 Publication Date: 2004 The study of economic development is one of the newest, most exciting, and most challenging branches of the broader discipline of economics and political economy. Although one could claim that Adam Smith was the first "development economist", the systematic study of the problems and processes of economic development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America has emerged only over the past five decades. This biography of the subject of economic development will focus on the essential ideas in the evolution of development thought and policy over the subject's half-century of life. In concise form and avoiding undue technicality, it highlights the influence of development theory on policymaking and on the mixed record of successes and failures in promoting development efforts. Gerald Meier-one of the world's most prominent leading thinkers in the economics of development - interprets the past treatment of development problems with the present and future in mind. He re-interprets the past two generations of development economists in a contemporary voice. And in a forward-looking fashion, the book's perspectives should make the next generation of development problems-and development economists-more intelligible. The reader is invited to consider whether development economists really know how to put matters right. Call Number: HB3722 .B67 2010 (UBORROW) ISBN: 9780765682246.Sharpe. Publication Date: 2010 This timely and authoritative set explores four centuries of good times and hard times in major economies throughout the world. Nearly 400 signed articles cover events from Tulipmania during the 1630s to the U.S. economic stimulus package of 2009, and introduce readers to underlying concepts, economic theories, recurring themes, major institutions, events, and notable figures. Written in a clear, accessible style, Booms and Busts supports history and economics curricula, and provides vital insights and perspective for students, teachers, and the general public--anyone interested in understanding the historical precedents, causes, and longer-term effects of the current global economic crisis. A chronology of major booms and busts throughout history, a glossary of economic terms, sources for further research, a topic finder, and a comprehensive index help make this encyclopedia the definitive reference on one of the most critical issues of our time. Call Number: HC51 .M395 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780226556659.UniversityofChicago,$35.00 Publication Date: 2010 The big economic story of our times is how China and India began to embrace neoliberal ideas of economics and attributed a sense of dignity and liberty to the bourgeoisie they had denied for so long. The result was an explosion in economic growth and proof that economic change depends less on foreign trade, investment, or material causes, and a whole lot more on ideas and what people believe. So says Deirdre N. McCloskey in Bourgeois Dignity, a fiercely contrarian history that wages a similar argument about economics in the West. She turns her attention to seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe to reconsider the birth of the industrial revolution and the rise of capitalism. According to McCloskey, our modern world was not the product of new markets and innovations, but rather the result of shifting opinions about them. During this time, talk of private property, commerce, and even the bourgeoisie itself radically altered, becoming far more approving and flying in the face of prejudices several millennia old. The wealth of nations, then, didn’t grow so dramatically because of economic factors: it grew because rhetoric about markets and free enterprise finally became enthusiastic and encouraging of their inherent dignity. Bourgeois Dignity is a feast of intellectual riches from one of our most spirited and ambitious historians. Bourgeois Equality: How Ideas, Not Capital or institutions, Enriched the World by Deirdre N. McCloskey Call Number: HC79.T4 M4 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780226333991 Publication Date: University of Chicago, 2016. $45.00  There's little doubt that most humans today are better off than their forebears. Stunningly so, the economist and historian Deirdre McCloskey argues in the concluding volume of her trilogy celebrating the oft-derided virtues of the bourgeoisie. The poorest of humanity, McCloskey shows, will soon be joining the comparative riches of Japan and Sweden and Botswana.   Why? Most economists--from Adam Smith and Karl Marx to Thomas Piketty--say the Great Enrichment since 1800 came from accumulated capital. McCloskey disagrees, fiercely. "Our riches," she argues, "were made not by piling brick on brick, bank balance on bank balance, but by piling idea on idea." Capital was necessary, but so was the presence of oxygen. It was ideas, not matter, that drove "trade-tested betterment."  Nor were institutions the drivers. The World Bank orthodoxy of "add institutions and stir" doesn't work, and didn't. McCloskey builds a powerful case for the initiating role of ideas--ideas for electric motors and free elections, of course, but more deeply the bizarre and liberal ideas of equal liberty and dignity for ordinary folk. Liberalism arose from theological and political revolutions in northwest Europe, yielding a unique respect for betterment and its practitioners, and upending ancient hierarchies. Commoners were encouraged to have a go, and the bourgeoisie took up the Bourgeois Deal, and we were all enriched.   Few economists or historians write like McCloskey--her ability to invest the facts of economic history with the urgency of a novel, or of a leading case at law, is unmatched. She summarizes modern economics and modern economic history with verve and lucidity, yet sees through to the really big scientific conclusion. Not matter, but ideas. Big books don't come any more ambitious, or captivating, than Bourgeois Equality. Call Number: HB501 .M5534 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 9780226556635 Publication Date: Chicago, 2006. For a century and a half, the artists and intellectuals of Europe have scorned the bourgeoisie. And for a millennium and a half, the philosophers and theologians of Europe have scorned the marketplace. The bourgeois life, capitalism, Mencken’s “booboisie” and David Brooks’s “bobos”—all have been, and still are, framed as being responsible for everything from financial to moral poverty, world wars, and spiritual desuetude. Countering these centuries of assumptions and unexamined thinking is Deirdre McCloskey’s The Bourgeois Virtues, a magnum opus that offers a radical view: capitalism is good for us. McCloskey’s sweeping, charming, and even humorous survey of ethical thought and economic realities—from Plato to Barbara Ehrenreich—overturns every assumption we have about being bourgeois. Can you be virtuous and bourgeois? Do markets improve ethics? Has capitalism made us better as well as richer? Yes, yes, and yes, argues McCloskey, who takes on centuries of capitalism’s critics with her erudition and sheer scope of knowledge. Applying a new tradition of “virtue ethics” to our lives in modern economies, she affirms American capitalism without ignoring its faults and celebrates the bourgeois lives we actually live, without supposing that they must be lives without ethical foundations. High Noon, Kant, Bill Murray, the modern novel, van Gogh, and of course economics and the economy all come into play in a book that can only be described as a monumental project and a life’s work. The Bourgeois Virtues is nothing less than a dazzling reinterpretation of Western intellectual history, a dead-serious reply to the critics of capitalism—and a surprising page-turner. Call Number: HB75 .C2478 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9814304808.Secondedition,WorldScientific,539p.$43.00 Publication Date: 2011 Blending past present, this brief history of economics is the perfect book for introducing students to the field.A Brief History of Economics illustrates how the ideas of the great economists not only influenced societies but were themselves shaped by their cultural milieu. Understanding the economists' visions - lucidly and vividly unveiled by Canterbery - allows readers to place economics within a broader community of ideas. Magically, the author links Adam Smith to Isaac Newton's idea of an orderly universe, F Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby to Thorstein Veblen, John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath to the Great Depression, and Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities to Reaganomics. The second edition is right up-to-date with a lively discussion of the economic crises of 2007-2010. Often humorous, Canterbery's easy style will make the student's first foray into economics lively and relevant. Readers will dismiss "dismal" from the science. Business Cycle Economics: Understanding Recessions and Depressions From Boom to Bust by Todd A. Knoop Call Number: HB3711 .K627 2015 (Library West, Pending Order) ISBN: 9781440831744 Publication Date: Prager, 2015. $58.00 Presents the empirical data of business cycles and the theories that economists have developed to explain and prevent them, and considers case studies of recessions and depressions in the United States and internationally. * Features four primary forecasting techniques and assesses the effectiveness of these methods in forecasting actual business cycles * Examines the reasons behind the lessening frequency of recessions in postwar America * Makes the subject of economic crises timely and relevant by addressing the recent global financial crisis and the European debt crisis * Reveals how the collapse of the housing market led to a credit crunch and a global economic slowdown Economics Books: C - D The Calculus of Consent by by James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock Call Number: JC423 .B86 (Library West) ISBN: UniversityofMichiganPress,361p.$25.95 Publication Date: 1962 The 'Calculus' is already a book for the ages. This classic work analyses the political organisation of a free society through the lens of the economic organisation of society. The authors acknowledge their unease as economists in analysing the political organisation, but they take the risk of forging into unfamiliar territory because they believe the benefits of their perspective will bear much fruit.As the authors state, their objective in this book is 'to analyze the calculus of the rational individual when he is faced with questions of constitutional choice...We examine the (choice) process extensively only with reference to the problem of decision-making rules'. The authors describe their approach as 'economic individualism'. They believe that economists have explored individual choice extensively in the market sector while social scientists have largely ignored the dynamics of individual decision-making in the dynamics of forming group action in the public sector. Written in the early 1960s, "The Calculus of Consent" has become a bulwark of the public choice movement for which James M. Buchanan is so justly famous. Call Number: HG3881.5.I58 C49 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691142319.PrincetonUniversityPress,352p.$75.00 Publication Date: 2010 The right of governments to employ capital controls has always been the official orthodoxy of the International Monetary Fund, and the organization's formal rules providing this right have not changed significantly since the IMF was founded in 1945. But informally, among the staff inside the IMF, these controls became heresy in the 1980s and 1990s, prompting critics to accuse the IMF of indiscriminately encouraging the liberalization of controls and precipitating a wave of financial crises in emerging markets in the late 1990s. Jeffrey Chwieroth explores the inner workings of the IMF to understand how its staff's thinking about capital controls changed so radically. In doing so, he also provides an important case study of how international organizations work and evolve. Drawing on original survey and archival research, extensive interviews, and scholarship from economics, politics, and sociology, Chwieroth traces the evolution of the IMF's approach to capital controls from the 1940s through spring 2009 and the first stages of the subprime credit crisis. Call Number: HB501 .P43613 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674430006.HarvardUniversityPress, 685 p., $39.95 Publication Date: 2014 Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings will transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. Piketty shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, Piketty says, and may do so again. Capital in the Twenty-First Century reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today. Call Number: HB501 .F7 2002 e-book (netLibrary) and Library West ISBN: 0226264211.Reprintof1982edition,UniversityofChicagoPress,208p.$13.00 Publication Date: 2002 How can we benefit from the promise of government while avoiding the threats it can pose to individual freedom? In this classic book, Milton Friedman answers this question with the definitive statement of his immensely influential economic philosophy, one in which competitive capitalism - the organization of the bulk of economic activity through private enterprise operating in a free market - serves as both a device for achieving economic freedom and a necessary condition for political freedom. In the process, he outlines the role that government should play in a society dedicated to freedom and relying primarily on the market to organize economic activity. Call Number: HB501 .K239 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781586488710.PublicAffairs,397p. Publication Date: 2010 In early 2009, many economists, financiers, and media pundits were confidently predicting the end of the American-led capitalism that has shaped history and economics for the past 100 years. Yet the U.S. economic model, far from being discredited, may be strengthened by the financial crisis. In this provocative book, Anatole Kaletsky re-interprets the financial crisis as part of an evolutionary process inherent to the nature of democratic capitalism. Capitalism, he argues, is resilient. Its first form, Capitalism 1.0, was the classical laissez-faire capitalism that lasted from 1776 until 1930. Next was Capitalism 2.0, New Deal Keynesian social capitalism created in the 1930s and extinguished in the 1970s. Its last mutation, Reagan-Thatcher market fundamentalism, culminated in the financially-dominated globalization of the past decade and triggered the recession of 2009-10. The self-destruction of Capitalism 3.0 leaves the field open for the next phase of capitalism’s evolution. Capitalism is likely to transform in the coming decades into something different. Capitalism: A Short History by Jurgen Kocka Call Number: (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780691165226 Publication Date: Princeton, 2016. $26.95 In this book, one of the world's most renowned historians provides a concise and comprehensive history of capitalism in global perspective from its medieval origins to the 2008 financial crisis and beyond. From early commercial capitalism in the Arab world, China, and Europe, to nineteenth- and twentieth-century industrialization, to today's globalized financial capitalism, Jürgen Kocka offers an unmatched, balanced account of capitalism, one that weighs its huge achievements against its great costs, crises, and failures. Based on intensive research, the book puts the rise of capitalist economies in social, political, and cultural context, and shows how their current problems and foreseeable future are connected to a long history. Sweeping in scope, the book describes how capitalist expansion was connected to colonialism; how industrialism brought unprecedented innovation, growth, and welfare but also increasing inequality; and how managerialism, financialization, and globalization later changed the face of capitalism. The book also addresses the idea of capitalism in the work of thinkers such as Marx, Weber, and Schumpeter, and chronicles how criticism of capitalism is as old as capitalism itself, fed by its persistent contradictions and recurrent emergencies. Authoritative and accessible, Capitalism provides an enlightening account of a force that has shaped the modern world like few others. Call Number: HX86 .S33 1950 (Library West) ISBN: 3rd edition, Harper,431 p. $15.99 Publication Date: 1950 Schumpeter's contention in this text that the seeds of capitalism's decline were internal, and his equal and opposite hostility to centralist socialism have perplexed, engaged and infuriated readers since the book's publication in the 1940s. By refusing to become an advocate for either position Schumpeter was able both to make his own original contribution and to clear the way for a more balanced consideration of one of the most important social movements of the 20th century. Call Number: HB103 .K47 B25 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674057753.HarvardUniversityPress,197p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2011 The Great Recession of 2008 restored John Maynard Keynes to prominence. After decades when the Keynesian revolution seemed to have been forgotten, the great British theorist was suddenly everywhere. The New York Times asked, “What would Keynes have done?” The Financial Times wrote of “the undeniable shift to Keynes.” Le Monde pronounced the economic collapse Keynes’s “revenge.” Two years later, following bank bailouts and Tea Party fundamentalism, Keynesian principles once again seemed misguided or irrelevant to a public focused on ballooning budget deficits. Backhouse and Bateman elaborate the misinformation and caricature that have led to Keynes’s repeated resurrection and interment since his death in 1946. Keynes’s engagement with social and moral philosophy and his membership in the Bloomsbury Group of artists and writers helped to shape his manner of theorizing. He designed models based on how specific kinds of people (such as investors and consumers) actually behave—an approach that runs counter to the idealized agents favored by economists at the end of the century. Keynes wanted to create a revolution in the way the world thought about economic problems. He saw capitalism as essential to a society’s well-being but also morally flawed, and he sought a corrective for its main defect: the failure to stabilize investment. Keynes’s nuanced views, the authors suggest, offer an alternative to the polarized rhetoric often evoked by the word “capitalism” in today’s political debates. Call Number: HB172.K67 2010(Library West) ISBN: 9780809094813.HillandWang,224p.$17.95 Publication Date: 2001 The award-winning illustrator Grady Klein has paired up with the world’s only stand-up economist, Yoram Bauman, PhD, to take the dismal out of the dismal science. The Cartoon Introduction to Economics is the most digestible, explicable, and humorous 200-page introduction to microeconomics you’ll ever read. Bauman has put the “comedy” into “economy” at comedy clubs and universities around the country and around the world (his “Principles of Economics, Translated” is a YouTube cult classic). As an educator at both the university and high school levels, he has learned how to make economics relevant to today’s world and today’s students. As Google’s chief economist, Hal Varian, wrote, “You don’t need a brand-new economics. You just need to see the really cool stuff, the material they didn’t get to when you studied economics.” The Cartoon Introduction to Economics is all about integrating the really cool stuff into an overview of the entire discipline of microeconomics. Rendering the cool stuff fun is the artistry of the illustrator and lauded graphic novelist Klein. So if the vertiginous economy or a dour professor’s 600-page econ textbook has you desperate for a fun, factual guide to economics, reach for The Cartoon Introduction to Economics and let the collaborative genius of the Klein-Bauman team walk you through an entire introductory microeconomics course. Call Number: HB172 .K67 2012 v.2 (Library West) ISBN: 9780809033614. HillandWang,$17.95 Publication Date: 2011 Need to understand today’s economy? This is the book for you. The Cartoon Introduction to Economics, Volume Two: Macroeconomics is the most accessible, intelligible, and humorous introduction to unemployment, inflation, and debt you’ll ever read. Whereas Volume One: Microeconomics dealt with the optimizing individual, Volume Two: Macroeconomics explains the factors that affect the economy of an entire country, and indeed the planet. It explores the two big concerns of macroeconomics: how economies grow and why economies collapse. It illustrates the basics of the labor market and explains what the GDP is and what it measures, as well as the influence of government, trade, and technology on the economy. Along the way, it covers the economics of global poverty, climate change, and the business cycle. In short, if any of these topics have cropped up in a news story and caused you to wish you grasped the underlying basics, buy this book. Call Number: HB98.3 .O87 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9781932841145.Agate,432p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2007 At its narrowest definition, "Chicago School" refers to a movement in economics whose central figure was Milton Friedman. At its broadest definition, the term refers to a system of research encouraged at the University of Chicago since its founding in 1892, which has produced luminaries in the natural and social sciences and a distinctive style of exposition and debate. This book begins with both definitions and explores how the broad Chicago tradition attracted and shaped the researchers who built an intellectual movement that not only revolutionized economics and finance, but was deeply influential in law, sociology and government. Emphasizing the links between the lives and ideas of dozens of famous Chicago researchers, it spans many intellectual fields over more that a century. The sometimes dizzying result is held together by core principles that define the Chicago tradition: insistence that ideas must be supported by both theory and data, hard work and vigorous debate. Chicagonomics: The Evolution of Chicago Free Market Economics by Lanny Ebenstein Call Number: HB98.3 .E235 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780230621954 Publication Date: St. Martin's Press, 2015. $29.99 Chicagonomics explores the history and development of classical liberalism as taught and explored at the University of Chicago. Ebenstein's tenth book in the history of economic and political thought, it deals specifically in the area of classical liberalism, examining the ideas of Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, and is the first comprehensive history of economics at the University of Chicago from the founding of the University in 1892 until the present. The reader will learn why Chicago had such influence, to what extent different schools of thought in economics existed at Chicago, the Chicago tradition, vision, and what Chicago economic perspectives have to say about current economic and social circumstances. Ebenstein enlightens the personal and intellectual relationships among leading figures in economics at the University of Chicago, including Jacob Viner, Frank Knight, Henry Simons, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, Aaron Director, and Friedrich Hayek. He recasts classical liberal thought from Adam Smith to the present. Call Number: HB87 .W45 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107012424.CambridgeUniversityPress,428p.,$150.00 Publication Date: 2012 The Clash of Economic Ideas interweaves the economic history of the last hundred years with the history of economic doctrines to understand how contrasting economic ideas have originated and developed over time to take their present forms. It traces the connections running from historical events to debates among economists, and from the ideas of academic writers to major experiments in economic policy. The treatment offers fresh perspectives on laissez faire, socialism and fascism; the Roaring Twenties, business cycle theories and the Great Depression; Institutionalism and the New Deal; the Keynesian Revolution; and war, nationalization and central planning. After 1945, the work explores the postwar revival of invisible-hand ideas; economic development and growth, with special attention to contrasting policies and thought in Germany and India; the gold standard, the interwar gold-exchange standard, the postwar Bretton Woods system and the Great Inflation; public goods and public choice; free trade versus protectionism; and finally fiscal policy and public debt. Call Number: QC903 .N8545 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780300189773.YaleUniversityPress, 378 p., $30.00 Publication Date: 2013 Climate change is profoundly altering our world in ways that pose major risks to human societies and natural systems. We have entered the Climate Casino and are rolling the global-warming dice, warns economist William Nordhaus. But there is still time to turn around and walk back out of the casino, and in this essential book the author explains how. nbsp; Bringing together all the important issues surrounding the climate debate, Nordhaus describes the science, economics, and politics involved—and the steps necessary to reduce the perils of global warming. Using language accessible to any concerned citizen and taking care to present different points of view fairly, he discusses the problem from start to finish: from the beginning, where warming originates in our personal energy use, to the end, where societies employ regulations or taxes or subsidies to slow the emissions of gases responsible for climate change. nbsp; Nordhaus offers a new analysis of why earlier policies, such as the Kyoto Protocol, failed to slow carbon dioxide emissions, how new approaches can succeed, and which policy tools will most effectively reduce emissions. In short, he clarifies a defining problem of our times and lays out the next critical steps for slowing the trajectory of global warming. Call Number: HM708 .S43 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0691118213.PrincetonUniversityPress,320p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2004 Human beings are the only species in nature to have developed an elaborate division of labor between strangers. Even something as simple as buying a shirt depends on an astonishing web of interaction and organization that spans the world. But unlike that other uniquely human attribute, language, our ability to cooperate with strangers did not evolve gradually through our prehistory. Only 10,000 years ago -- a blink of an eye in evolutionary time -- humans hunted in bands, were intensely suspicious of strangers, and fought those whom they could not flee. Yet since the dawn of agriculture we have refined the division of labor to the point where, today, we live and work amid strangers and depend upon millions more. In The Company of Strangers, Paul Seabright provides an original evolutionary and sociological account of the emergence of those economic institutions that manage not only markets but also the world's myriad other affairs. Seabright explores how our evolved ability of abstract reasoning has allowed institutions like money, markets, and cities to provide the foundation of social trust. But how long can the networks of modern life survive when we are exposed as never before to risks originating in distant parts of the globe? This lively narrative shows us the remarkable strangeness, and fragility, of our everyday lives. Call Number: HC21 .C33 2003 (Library West) ISBN: 0195127048.OxfordUniversityPress,Fourthedition.463p. Publication Date: 2003 The fourth edition of this comprehensive economic history of the world from paleolithic times to the present takes into account the dramatic recent events that have completely realigned the economies and polities of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and offers additional background and perspective on the non-European world, a completely revised chapter on non-Western economies on the eve of Western expansion, and a new chapter on the world economy at the end of the twentieth century. Grounded in modern economic theory, but written in non-technical language in an engaging narrative style accessible even to non-specialists, the new edition highlights historic and recent events that have contributed to prosperity and material well-being—that is, to "development"—as well as those that have resulted in continued "underdevelopment" for large areas of the world. Cameron places the contemporary world economy, especially recent developments in Eastern Europe, the European Community, and the Persian Gulf, into broad historical perspective, making both the former East-West rivalry and the North-South split more understandable. Call Number: HB61 .C647 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780865976658..LibertyFund,637p.$34.00 Publication Date: 2008 In this user-friendly volume, respected economist David R. Henderson brings together 152 of the most brilliant minds in economics to show how the analysis of economic topics can illuminate many aspects of the average person's daily life. Some of the noted contributors include Nobel Prize winners, Gary Becker and George Stigler, former presidential economic advisors, financial columnists, and economists such as Armen Alchian, Don Boudreaux, Deepak Lal, Anna Schwartz, Lawrence Summers, and Murray Rothbard.The entries cover numerous topics, including basic concepts, discrimination and labour issues, corporations and financial markets, economics of legal issues, regulation, environmental regulation, taxes, economic policy, macroeconomics, money and banking, international economics, economic systems, schools of economic thought, and more. The encyclopaedia provides the reader with a wealth of economic analysis about important issues in a comprehensive, yet readable and engaging format. Originally published as "The Fortune Encyclopedia of Economics" and now thoroughly revised and updated, this Liberty Fund edition contains numerous new entries, updates of previously published articles, and a new introduction and index. Call Number: HB172.5 .M68 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 9781422101797.HarvardBusinessSchoolPress,189p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2006 Now more than ever before, executives and managers need to understand their larger economic context. In A Concise Guide to Macroeconomics, David Moss leverages his many years of teaching experience at Harvard Business School to lay out important macroeconomic concepts in engaging, clear, and concise terms. In a simple and intuitive way, he breaks down the ideas into "output," "money," and "expectations." In addition, Moss introduces powerful tools for interpreting the big-picture economic developments that shape events in the contemporary business arena. Detailed examples are also drawn from history to illuminate important concepts. This book is destined to become a staple in MBA courses-as well as the go-to resource for executives and managers at all levels seeking to brush up on their knowledge of macroeconomic dynamics. Concrete Economics: The Hamilton Approach to Economic Growth and Policy by Stephen S. Cohen; J. Bradford DeLong Call Number: HC106.84 .C64 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781422189818 Publication Date: HBR Press, 2016. $28.00 History, not ideology, holds the key to growth. Brilliantly written and argued, Concrete Economics shows how government has repeatedly reshaped the American economy ever since Alexander Hamilton’s first, foundational redesign. This book does not rehash the sturdy and long-accepted arguments that to thrive, entrepreneurial economies need a broad range of freedoms. Instead, Steve Cohen and Brad DeLong remedy our national amnesia about how our economy has actually grown and the role government has played in redesigning and reinvigorating it throughout our history. The government not only sets the ground rules for entrepreneurial activity but directs the surges of energy that mark a vibrant economy. This is as true for present-day Silicon Valley as it was for New England manufacturing at the dawn of the nineteenth century. The authors’ argument is not one based on abstract ideas, arcane discoveries, or complex correlations. Instead it is based on the facts--facts that were once well known but that have been obscured in a fog of ideology--of how the US economy benefited from a pragmatic government approach to succeed so brilliantly. Understanding how our economy has grown in the past provides a blueprint for how we might again redesign and reinvigorate it today, for such a redesign is sorely needed. Confronting Capitalism: Real Solutions for a Troubled Economic System by Philip Kotler Call Number: HB501 .K5966 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780814436455 Publication Date: AMACOM, 2015. $26.00 With the fall of the Berlin Wall, one economic modelemerged triumphant. Capitalism - spanning a spectrumfrom laissez faire to authoritarian - shapes the market economies of all the wealthiest and fastest-growing nations. But trouble is cracking its shiny veneer. In the U.S., Europe, and Japan, economic growth has slowed down. Wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few; natural re sources are exploited for short-term profit; and good jobs are hard to find. With piercing clarity, Philip Kotler explains 14 major problems undermining capitalism, including persistent poverty, job creation in the face of automation, high debt burdens, the disproportionate influence of the wealthy on public policy, steep environmental costs, boom-bust economic cycles, and more. Amidst its dire assessment of what's ailing us, Confronting Capitalism delivers a heartening message: We can turn things around. Movements toward shared prosperity and a higher purpose are reinvigorating companies large and small, while proposals abound on government policies that offer protections without stagnation. Kotler identifies the best ideas, linking private and public initiatives into a force for positive change. Combining economic history, expert insight, business lessons, and recent data, this landmark book elucidates today's critical dilemmas and suggests solutions for returning to a healthier, more sustainable Capitalism - that works for all. Call Number: HB90 .W65 201 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780262517836.MITPress,406p.,$35.00 Publication Date: 2012 Contending Economic Theories offers a unique comparative treatment of the three main theories in economics as it is taught today: neoclassical, Keynesian,and Marxian. The authors identify each theory's starting point, its goals and foci, and its internal logic. They connect their comparative theory analysis to the larger policy issues that divide the rival camps of theorists around such central issues as the role government should play in the economy and the class structure of production, stressing the different analytical, policy, and social decisions that flow from each theory's conceptualization of economics. The authors, building on their earlier book Economics: Marxian versus Neoclassical, offer an expanded treatment of Keynesian economics and a comprehensive introduction to Marxian economics, including its class analysis of society. Beyond providing asystematic explanation of the logic and structure of standard neoclassical theory, they analyzerecent extensions and developments of that theory around such topics as market imperfections,information economics, new theories of equilibrium, and behavioral economics, considering whetherthese advances represent new paradigms or merely adjustments to the standard theory. They alsoexplain why economic reasoning has varied among these three approaches throughout the twentiethcentury, and why this variation continues today--as neoclassical views give way to new Keynesianapproaches in the wake of the economic collapse of 2008. Contending Perspectives in Economics: A Guide to Contemporary Schools of Thought by John Harvey Call Number: (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780857932037 Publication Date: Elgar, 2015. $99.95 'Fifty years ago I used Robert L. Heilbroner's The Worldly Philosophers to get students excited about economics. Today I would use John T. Harvey's Contending Perspectives in Economics. The book is beautifully written and full of insights into who economists are and why they think the way they do.'-Paul D. Bush, California State University, USThis accessible book provides a non-technical yet rigorous introduction to the various competing schools of thought in economics including Neoclassical, Marxist, Austrian, Post Keynesian, Institutionalist, New Institutionalist, and Feminist. The unique features of each approach are highlighted, complemented by discussions of methodology, world views, popular themes, and current activities. Importantly, the book also examines common criticisms and how each school responds. In the interest of preserving balance and accuracy, every chapter covering a heterodox school of thought has been vetted by an acknowledged expert in that particular field. Though written for use in undergraduate courses, this guide will no doubt offer a great deal to any scholar wishing to gain a fresh perspective and greater understanding of the variety and breadth of current economic thinking. Call Number: HD2961.B687 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691151250.PrincetonUniversityPress,262p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis—pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior—show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers.The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment.A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative. Call Number: HJ2381 .S737 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0877667209.2ndedition.UrbanInstitutePress,334p.$29.50 Publication Date: 2007 "Contemporary U.S. Tax Policy is, at its heart, an exciting, if not always pretty, tale of democratic decisionmaking," writes C. Eugene Steuerle. The landmark 2004 first edition outlined the principles of taxation in the early postwar period and the tax policy battles that began with the Reagan revolution and continue today. The second edition has been expanded to investigate President George W. Bush's second term in office: the push to privatize Social Security, the stalled tax code revision, the extension of the 2001 tax cuts, and other battles. Tax policy history has always been messy, repetitive, and rancorous. Yet even in a contentious political environment, evolution--and revolution--can occur. Call Number: HQ783 .S694 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780231152143. Columbia University Press, 660 p., $34.95 Publication Date: 2014 It has long been recognized that an improved standard of living results from advances in technology, not from the accumulation of capital. It has also become clear that what truly separates developed from less-developed countries is not just a gap in resources or output but a gap in knowledge. In fact, the pace at which developing countries grow is largely a function of the pace at which they close that gap. Thus, to understand how countries grow and develop, it is essential to know how they learn and become more productive and what government can do to promote learning. In Creating a Learning Society, Joseph E. Stiglitz and Bruce C. Greenwald cast light on the significance of this insight for economic theory and policy. Taking as a starting point Kenneth J. Arrow's 1962 paper "Learning by Doing," they explain why the production of knowledge differs from that of other goods and why market economies alone typically do not produce and transmit knowledge efficiently. Closing knowledge gaps and helping laggards learn are central to growth and development. But creating a learning society is equally crucial if we are to sustain improved living standards in advanced countries. Stiglitz and Greenwald provide new models of "endogenous growth," up-ending the thinking about both domestic and global policy and trade regimes. They show how well-designed government trade and industrial policies can help create a learning society, and how poorly designed intellectual property regimes can retard learning. The volume concludes with brief commentaries from Philippe Aghion and Michael Woodford, as well as from Nobel Laureates Kenneth J. Arrow and Robert M. Solow. Call Number: HB3722 .R68 2010 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9781594202506.PenguinPress,353p. Publication Date: 2010 Nouriel Roubini and Stephen Mihm, a professor of economic history and a New York Times Magazine writer, show that financial cataclysms are as old and as ubiquitous as capitalism itself. The last two decades alone have witnessed comparable crises in countries as diverse as Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, Pakistan, and Argentina. All of these crises-not to mention the more sweeping cataclysms such as the Great Depression-have much in common with the current downturn. Bringing lessons of earlier episodes to bear on our present predicament, Roubini and Mihm show how we can recognize and grapple with the inherent instability of the global financial system, understand its pressure points, learn from previous episodes of "irrational exuberance," pinpoint the course of global contagion, and plan for our immediate future. Perhaps most important, the authors-considering theories, statistics, and mathematical models with the skepticism that recent history warrants- explain how the world's economy can get out of the mess we're in, and stay out. A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy by Joel Mokyr Call Number: HD75 .M65 2016 (Library West, Forthcoming) ISBN: 9780691168883 Publication Date: Princeton, 2016. $35.00 During the late eighteenth century, innovations in Europe triggered the Industrial Revolution and the sustained economic progress that spread across the globe. While much has been made of the details of the Industrial Revolution, what remains a mystery is why it took place at all. Why did this revolution begin in the West and not elsewhere, and why did it continue, leading to today's unprecedented prosperity? In this groundbreaking book, celebrated economic historian Joel Mokyr argues that a culture of growth specific to early modern Europe and the European Enlightenment laid the foundations for the scientific advances and pioneering inventions that would instigate explosive technological and economic development. Bringing together economics, the history of science and technology, and models of cultural evolution, Mokyr demonstrates that culture--the beliefs, values, and preferences in society that are capable of changing behavior--was a deciding factor in societal transformations. Mokyr looks at the period 1500-1700 to show that a politically fragmented Europe fostered a competitive "market for ideas" and a willingness to investigate the secrets of nature. At the same time, a transnational community of brilliant thinkers known as the "Republic of Letters" freely circulated and distributed ideas and writings. This political fragmentation and the supportive intellectual environment explain how the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not China, despite similar levels of technology and intellectual activity. In Europe, heterodox and creative thinkers could find sanctuary in other countries and spread their thinking across borders. In contrast, China's version of the Enlightenment remained controlled by the ruling elite. Combining ideas from economics and cultural evolution, A Culture of Growth provides startling reasons for why the foundations of our modern economy were laid in the mere two centuries between Columbus and Newton. The Curse of Cash by Kenneth S. Rogoff Call Number: HG350 .R64 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780691172132 Publication Date: Princeton, 2016. $29.95 From the New York Times bestselling author of This Time Is Different, "a fascinating and important book" (Ben Bernanke) about phasing out most paper money to fight crime and tax evasion--and to battle financial crises by tapping the power of negative interest rates The world is drowning in cash--and it's making us poorer and less safe. In The Curse of Cash, Kenneth Rogoff, one of the world's leading economists, makes a persuasive and fascinating case for an idea that until recently would have seemed outlandish: getting rid of most paper money. Even as people in advanced economies are using less paper money, there is more cash in circulation--a record $1.4 trillion in U.S. dollars alone, or $4,200 for every American, mostly in $100 bills. And the United States is hardly exceptional. So what is all that cash being used for? The answer is simple: a large part is feeding tax evasion, corruption, terrorism, the drug trade, human trafficking, and the rest of a massive global underground economy. As Rogoff shows, paper money can also cripple monetary policy. In the aftermath of the recent financial crisis, central banks have been unable to stimulate growth and inflation by cutting interest rates significantly below zero for fear that it would drive investors to abandon treasury bills and stockpile cash. This constraint has paralyzed monetary policy in virtually every advanced economy, and is likely to be a recurring problem in the future. The Curse of Cash offers a plan for phasing out most paper money--while leaving small-denomination bills and coins in circulation indefinitely--and addresses the issues the transition will pose, ranging from fears about privacy and price stability to the need to provide subsidized debit cards for the poor. While phasing out the bulk of paper money will hardly solve the world's problems, it would be a significant step toward addressing a surprising number of very big ones. Provocative, engaging, and backed by compelling original arguments and evidence, The Curse of Cash is certain to spark widespread debate. Call Number: HB95 .F723 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691153193.PrincetonUniversity,$26.95 Publication Date: 2011 Who was the greater economist—Adam Smith or Charles Darwin? The question seems absurd. Darwin, after all, was a naturalist, not an economist. But Robert Frank, New York Times economics columnist and best-selling author of The Economic Naturalist, predicts that within the next century Darwin will unseat Smith as the intellectual founder of economics. The reason, Frank argues, is that Darwin's understanding of competition describes economic reality far more accurately than Smith's. And the consequences of this fact are profound. Indeed, the failure to recognize that we live in Darwin's world rather than Smith's is putting us all at risk by preventing us from seeing that competition alone will not solve our problems. Smith's theory of the invisible hand, which says that competition channels self-interest for the common good, is probably the most widely cited argument today in favor of unbridled competition—and against regulation, taxation, and even government itself. But what if Smith's idea was almost an exception to the general rule of competition? That's what Frank argues, resting his case on Darwin's insight that individual and group interests often diverge sharply. Far from creating a perfect world, economic competition often leads to "arms races," encouraging behaviors that not only cause enormous harm to the group but also provide no lasting advantages for individuals, since any gains tend to be relative and mutually offsetting. The good news is that we have the ability to tame the Darwin economy. The best solution is not to prohibit harmful behaviors but to tax them. By doing so, we could make the economic pie larger, eliminate government debt, and provide better public services, all without requiring painful sacrifices from anyone. That's a bold claim, Frank concedes, but it follows directly from logic and evidence that most people already accept. Call Number: HG3756.U54 H96 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691140681.PrincetonUniversityPress,378p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 Before the twentieth century, personal debt resided on the fringes of the American economy, the province of small-time criminals and struggling merchants. By the end of the century, however, the most profitable corporations and banks in the country lent money to millions of American debtors. How did this happen? The first book to follow the history of personal debt in modern America, Debtor Nation traces the evolution of debt over the course of the twentieth century, following its transformation from fringe to mainstream—thanks to federal policy, financial innovation, and retail competition. How did banks begin making personal loans to consumers during the Great Depression? Why did the government invent mortgage-backed securities?Examining the intersection of government and business in everyday life, Louis Hyman takes the reader behind the scenes of the institutions that made modern lending possible: the halls of Congress, the boardrooms of multinationals, and the back rooms of loan sharks. America's newfound indebtedness resulted not from a culture in decline, but from changes in the larger structure of American capitalism that were created, in part, by the choices of the powerful—choices that made lending money to facilitate consumption more profitable than lending to invest in expanded production. From the origins of car financing to the creation of subprime lending, Debtor Nation presents a nuanced history of consumer credit practices in the United States and shows how little loans became big business. Call Number: HG3701 .K88 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780307959805.AlfredA.Knopf,331p.,$26.95 Publication Date: 2013 One of our foremost economic thinkers challenges a cherished tenet of today's financial orthodoxy: that spending less, refusing to forgive debt, and shrinking government--"austerity"--is the solution to a persisting economic crisis like ours or Europe's, now in its fifth year. Robert Kuttner makes the most powerful argument to date that austerity is the wrong answer. He makes clear that universal belt-tightening, as a prescription for recession, defies economic logic. And while the public debt gets most of the attention, it is private debts that crashed the economy and are sandbagging the recovery--mortgages, student loans, consumer borrowing to make up for lagging wages, speculative shortfalls incurred by banks. As Kuttner observes, corporations get to use bankruptcy to walk away from debts. Homeowners and small nations don't. Thus, we need more public borrowing and investment to revive a depressed economy, and more forgiveness and reform of the overhang of past debts. Kuttner uncovers the double standards in the politics of debt, from Robinson Crusoe author Daniel Defoe's campaign for debt forgiveness in the seventeenth century to the two world wars and Bretton Woods. Just as debtors' prisons once prevented individuals from surmounting their debts and resuming productive life, austerity measures shackle, rather than restore, economic growth--as the weight of past debt crushes the economy's future potential. Above all, Kuttner shows how austerity serves only the interest of creditors--the very bankers and financial elites whose actions precipitated the collapse. Lucid, authoritative, provocative--a book that will shape the economic conversation and the search for new solutions. Call Number: HB74.P8 C69 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780525950257.Dutton,245p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2007 Freakonomics revealed much about our society. Now, one of America's most respected economists reveals how individuals can turn economic reasoning to their advantage in their daily life—at home, at work, even on vacation. Tyler Cowen explains how understanding the incentives that work best with each individual is the key to successful and satisfactory daily interactions—from getting the kids to do the dishes to having a productive business meeting, attracting a mate to finding a good guide in a foreign country. Discovering your inner economist, Cowen suggests, can lead to a happier, more satisfying life. What better carrot could you ask for? Call Number: HG540 .P73 2014 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691161129.PrincetonUniversityPress,$35.00 Publication Date: 2014 The U.S. dollar's dominance seems under threat. The near collapse of the U.S. financial system in 2008-2009, political paralysis that has blocked effective policymaking, and emerging competitors such as the Chinese renminbi have heightened speculation about the dollar's looming displacement as the main reserve currency. Yet, as "The Dollar Trap" powerfully argues, the financial crisis, a dysfunctional international monetary system, and U.S. policies have paradoxically strengthened the dollar's importance. Eswar Prasad examines how the dollar came to have a central role in the world economy and demonstrates that it will remain the cornerstone of global finance for the foreseeable future. With vast amounts of foreign financial capital locked up in dollar assets, including U.S. government securities, other countries now have a strong incentive to prevent a dollar crash. Prasad takes the reader through key contemporary issues in international finance and offers new ideas for fixing the flawed monetary system. Readers are also given a rare look into some of the intrigue and backdoor scheming in the corridors of international finance. "The Dollar Trap" offers a panoramic analysis of the fragile state of global finance and makes a compelling case that, despite all its flaws, the dollar will remain the ultimate safe-haven currency. Economics Books: E Call Number: HC106.8 .D664 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781935191254.ISIBooks,358p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2009 The definitive history of supply-side economics—the most consequential economic counterrevolution of the twentieth century—and an incredibly timely work that reveals the foundations of America’s prosperity at a time when those very foundations are under attack. Call Number: HC335.G3856 (Marston Science Library and FLARE) ISBN: BelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,456p. Publication Date: 1962 These 14 essays covering a wide range of subjects of great current interest reflect the continuous evolution of the author's thought from 1951 to 1961. Range and flexibility characterize Mr. Gerschenkron's dynamic approach to Europe's industrial history. Connecting evolution in individual countries with their degree of economic backwardness, he presents the industrialization of the continent as a "case of unity in diversity," thus offering a cogent alternative, supported by case studies, to the traditional view of industrialization as monotonous repetition of the same process from country to country. Brought together for the first time, these essays were originally published in specialized periodicals in the United States and abroad. Call Number: HB71 (Library West) ISBN: 9781906924775.OpenBook, 253 p., $14.99 Publication Date: 2012 Part memoir, part crash-course in economic theory, this book looks at economic ideas through a personal lens. Together with an introduction to some of the central concepts of modern economic thought, Ariel Rubinstein offers some powerful and entertaining reflections on his childhood, family and career. Call Number: HV6768 .F57 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691134543.PrincetonUniversityPress,240p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2008 Meet the economic gangster. He's the United Nations diplomat who double-parks his Mercedes on New York City streets at rush hour because the cops can't touch him—he has diplomatic immunity. He's the Chinese smuggler who dodges tariffs by magically transforming frozen chickens into frozen turkeys. The dictator, the warlord, the unscrupulous bureaucrat who bilks the developing world of billions in aid. The calculating crook who views stealing and murder as just another part of his business strategy. In Economic Gangsters, Raymond Fisman and Edward Miguel take readers into the secretive, chaotic, and brutal worlds inhabited by these lawless and violent thugs. Join these two sleuthing economists as they follow the foreign aid money trail into the grasping hands of corrupt governments and shady underworld characters. Spend time with ingenious black marketeers as they game the international system. Follow the steep rise and fall of stock prices of companies with unseemly connections to Indonesia's former dictator. Fisman and Miguel use economics to get inside the heads of these "gangsters," and propose solutions that can make a difference to the world's poor—including cash infusions to defuse violence in times of drought, and steering the World Bank away from aid programs most susceptible to corruption. Take an entertaining walk on the dark side of global economic development with Economic Gangsters. Call Number: HD82.E26 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230238831.PalgraveMacmillan,288p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2010 Editors Durlauf and Blume have selected key articles from the original 8-volume edition of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and collected them into one handy volume. Each article in this compendium covers the fundamental themes within the discipline and is written by a leading practitioner in the field. Call Number: HM548 .Z42 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691139364.PrincetonUniversityPress,2011.478p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 Over the past three decades, economic sociology has been revealing how culture shapes economic life even while economic facts affect social relationships. This work has transformed the field into a flourishing and increasingly influential discipline. No one has played a greater role in this development than Viviana Zelizer, one of the world's leading sociologists. Economic Lives synthesizes and extends her most important work to date, demonstrating the full breadth and range of her field-defining contributions in a single volume for the first time.Economic Lives shows how shared cultural understandings and interpersonal relations shape everyday economic activities. Far from being simple responses to narrow individual incentives and preferences, economic actions emerge, persist, and are transformed by our relations to others. Distilling three decades of research, the book offers a distinctive vision of economic activity that brings out the hidden meanings and social actions behind the supposedly impersonal worlds of production, consumption, and asset transfer. Providing an important perspective on the recent past and possible futures of a growing field, Economic Lives promises to be widely read and discussed. Call Number: HB71 .F6957 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780465002177.BasicBooks,226p.$26.00 Publication Date: 2007 Why do the keypads on drive-up cash machines have Braille dots? Why are round-trip fares from Orlando to Kansas City higher than those from Kansas City to Orlando? For decades, Robert Frank has been asking his economics students to pose and answer questions like these as a way of learning how economic principles operate in the real world-which they do everywhere, all the time. Once you learn to think like an economist, all kinds of puzzling observations start to make sense. Drive-up ATM keypads have Braille dots because it’s cheaper to make the same machine for both drive-up and walk-up locations. Travelers from Kansas City to Orlando pay less because they are usually price-sensitive tourists with many choices of destination, whereas travelers originating from Orlando typically choose Kansas City for specific family or business reasons. The Economic Naturalist employs basic economic principles to answer scores of intriguing questions from everyday life, and, along the way, introduces key ideas such as the cost-benefit principle, the “no cash on the table” principle, and the law of one price. This is as delightful and painless a way to learn fundamental economics as there is. Call Number: HD30.22 .E25 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521193948. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2009. 287 p. $39.99 This book brings together classic writings on the economic nature and organization of firms, including works by Ronald Coase, Oliver Williamson, and Michael Jensen and William Meckling, as well as more recent contributions by Paul Milgrom, Bengt Holmstrom, John Roberts, Oliver Hart, Luigi Zingales, and others. Part I explores the general theme of the firm's nature and place in the market economy; Part II addresses the question of which transactions are integrated under a firm's roof and what limits the growth of firms; Part III examines employer-employee relations and the motivation of labor; and Part IV studies the firm's organization from the standpoint of financing and the relationship between owners and managers. The volume also includes a consolidated bibliography of sources cited by these authors and an introductory essay by the editors that surveys the new institutional economics of the firm and issues raised in the anthology. Call Number: HB75 .B664 1997 (Library West) ISBN: 0521571537.Fifthedition,CambridgeUniversityPress, 725p.$85.00 Publication Date: 1997 This is a history of economic thought from Adam Smith to John Maynard Keynes--but it is a history with a difference. Firstly, it is history of economic theory, not of economic doctrines. Secondly, it includes detailed Reader's Guides to nine of the major texts of economics in the effort to encourage students to become acquainted at first hand with the writings of all the great economists. This fifth edition adds new Reader's Guides to Walras' Elements of Pure Economics and Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money as well as major additions to the chapters on marginal productivity theory, general equilibrium theory and welfare economics. Call Number: BJ1535 .A8 F75 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107026278.CambridgeUniversityPress,431p.,$34.99 Publication Date: 2013 Why are people loyal? How do groups form and how do they create incentives for their members to abide by group norms? Until now, economics has only been able to partially answer these questions. In this groundbreaking work, Paul Frijters presents a new unified theory of human behaviour. To do so, he incorporates comprehensive yet tractable definitions of love and power, and the dynamics of groups and networks, into the traditional mainstream economic view. The result is an enhanced view of human societies that nevertheless retains the pursuit of self-interest at its core. This book provides a digestible but comprehensive theory of our socioeconomic system, which condenses its immense complexity into simplified representations. The result both illuminates humanity's history and suggests ways forward for policies today, in areas as diverse as poverty reduction and tax compliance. Call Number: HB74.5.H36 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 0230612431.PalgraveMacmillan, 240p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2009 Economists can help shape monetary policy, global policy and even how much you pay for a new pair of shoes. For example, do you know who benefits the most from globalization? How do fitness studios and providers of Internet access earn most of their money? - From the laziness and irrationality of their customers. Including contributions from top thinkers in the economic field from around the world, such as Philippe Aghion, Paul Krugman, Daniel Gros, and George Lowenstein. The book includes chapters on: - Financial Markets: Are They Completely Efficient or Totally Nuts (rational vs. emotional) - The Art of Selling: How marketers use consumer decision making data to sell us products we don't need Economics 2.0 makes an impressive case for the argument that economics is not a dry science and that economics principles impact much of our day to day life. Completely without formulas and theoretical ballast, the authors present current findings of prominent economists and expand the economic knowledge of their readers. The authors manage to make complex relationships clear thanks to their clear writing style. Call Number: HB171 .D37 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0192853457.OxfordUniversityPress,172p.$9.95 Publication Date: 2007 Here Partha Dasgupta, an internationally recognized authority in economics, presents readers with a solid introduction to its basic concepts, including efficiency, equity, sustainability, dynamic equilibrium, property rights, markets, and public goods. Throughout, he highlights the relevance of economics to everyday life, providing a very human exploration of a technical subject. Dasgupta covers enduring issues such as population growth, the environment, and poverty. For example, he explores how the world's looming population problems affect us at the local, national, and international level. Economics has the capacity to offer us deep insights into some of the most formidable problems of life. Here, Dasgupta goes beyond the basics to show it's innate effects on our history, culture, and lifestyles. Call Number: HB75 .S293165 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691140636. Princeton University Press, 489 p. $45.00 Publication Date: 2011 In clear, nontechnical language, this introductory textbook describes the history of economic thought, focusing on the development of economic theory from Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations to the late twentieth century. The text concentrates on the most important figures in the history of economics, from Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx in the classical period to John Maynard Keynes and the leading economists of the postwar era, such as John Hicks, Milton Friedman, and Paul Samuelson. It describes the development of theories concerning prices and markets, money and the price level, population and capital accumulation, and the choice between socialism and the market economy. The book examines how important economists have reflected on the sometimes conflicting goals of efficient resource use and socially acceptable income distribution. It also provides sketches of the lives and times of the major economists. Economics Evolving repeatedly shows how apparently simple ideas that are now taken for granted were at one time at the cutting edge of economics research. For example, the demand curve that today's students probably get to know during their first economics lecture was originally drawn by one of the most innovative theorists in the history of the subject. The book demonstrates not only how the study of economics has progressed over the course of its history, but also that it is still a developing science. Call Number: HB171 .E26 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781137383587.PalgraveMacmillan,195p.,$20.00 Publication Date: 2014 Alfred Marshall, the founder of modern economics, once described economics as 'the study of mankind in the ordinary business of earning a living'. In Economics for the Curious, 12 Nobel Laureates show that 'the ordinary business of earning a living' covers a wide range of activities, as they take readers on an engaging tour of some of the everyday issues that can be explored using basic economic principles. Written in the plainest possible language, Nobel Laureates including Paul Krugman, Eric Maskin, Finn E. Kydland and Vernon Smith confront some of the key issues challenging society today - challenges that claim attention in any phase of the business cycle. The range of topics includes how economic tools can be used to rebuild nations in the aftermath of a war; financing retirement as longevity increases; the sustainable use of natural resources and what governments should really be doing to boost the economy.Economics for the Curious is an accessible but informative display of the kinds of questions economics can illuminate. It will appeal to anyone who has an interest in economics and the world around them, and we hope it will encourage further interest and study in the topic from readers everywhere. Call Number: HB71 .A235 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781595581013.NewPress,2010.217p. Why do contemporary economists consider food subsidies in starving countries, rent control in rich cities, and health insurance everywhere "inefficient"? Why do they feel that corporate executives deserve no less than their multimillion-dollar "compensation" packages and workers no more than their meager wages? At a time when growing numbers of people are deeply anxious about the workings of our economy, here is a lively and accessible debunking of the two elements that make economics the "science" of the rich: the definition of what is efficient and the theory of how wages are determined. The first is used to justify the cruelest policies, the second grand larceny. Filled with lively examples—from food riots in Indonesia to eminent domain in Connecticut and everyone from Adam Smith to Jeremy Bentham to Larry Summers—Economics for the Rest of Us shows how today's dominant economic theories evolved, how they explicitly favor the rich over the poor, and why they're not the only—or best—options. Written for anyone with an interest in understanding contemporary economic thinking—and why it is dead wrong—Economics for the Rest of Us offers a foundation for a fundamentally more just economic system. Economics: Making Sense of the Modern Economy by The Economist; Richard Davies Call Number: HB171.5.E3363 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781610396158 Publication Date: Public Affairs, 2015. 4th ed. $18.99 The world of economics is changing. Years of turmoil in the global economy mean that nothing will ever be quite the same again. This is the starting point and theme of this radically revised Economist books classic, now available for the first time in America. Richard Davies, economics editor ofThe Economist, takes us on a journey through the paper's own analysis of the state of the world's economies, how we reached this point and what to expect in the next decade. He explores: what's gone wrong since 2008, why it's happened and how we can stop it happening again; the shifting focus of economics from banking to labor economics; the future hopes and challenges for the world economy. Along the way, we encounter the global economy laid bare, from banks, panics, and crashes to innovative new policies to improve how markets function; from discussions around jobs, pay, and inequality to the promise of innovation and productivity; from the implications of emerging markets and the globalisation of trade through to the sharing economy and the economics of Google and eBay. The result is a fascinating review of the global economy and the changing role of economics in the new world order. Call Number: HD87 .C69 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691145181. Princeton University Press, 2011. 346 p. $24.95 The world's leading economies are facing not just one but many crises. The financial meltdown may not be over, climate change threatens major global disruption, economic inequality has reached extremes not seen for a century, and government and business are widely distrusted. At the same time, many people regret the consumerism and social corrosion of modern life. What these crises have in common, Diane Coyle argues, is a reckless disregard for the future—especially in the way the economy is run. How can we achieve the financial growth we need today without sacrificing a decent future for our children, our societies, and our planet? How can we realize what Coyle calls "the Economics of Enough"?Running the economy for tomorrow as well as today will require a wide range of policy changes. The top priority must be ensuring that we get a true picture of long-term economic prospects, with the development of official statistics on national wealth in its broadest sense, including natural and human resources. Saving and investment will need to be encouraged over current consumption. Above all, governments will need to engage citizens in a process of debate about the difficult choices that lie ahead and rebuild a shared commitment to the future of our societies. Creating a sustainable economy—having enough to be happy without cheating the future—won't be easy. But The Economics of Enough starts a profoundly important conversation about how we can begin—and the first steps we need to take. Call Number: HB72 .S36513 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780470620748.OxfordUniversityPress,352p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2011 In The Economics of Good and Evil, Sedlacek radically rethinks his field, challenging our assumptions about the world. Economics is touted as a science, a value-free mathematical inquiry, he writes, but it's actually a cultural phenomenon, a product of our civilization. It began within philosophy—Adam Smith himself not only wrote The Wealth of Nations, but also The Theory of Moral Sentiments—and economics, as Sedlacek shows, is woven out of history, myth, religion, and ethics. "Even the most sophisticated mathematical model," Sedlacek writes, "is, de facto, a story, a parable, our effort to (rationally) grasp the world around us." Economics not only describes the world, but establishes normative standards, identifying ideal conditions. Science, he claims, is a system of beliefs to which we are committed. To grasp the beliefs underlying economics, he breaks out of the field's confines with a tour de force exploration of economic thinking, broadly defined, over the millennia. He ranges from the epic of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament to the emergence of Christianity, from Descartes and Adam Smith to the consumerism in Fight Club. Throughout, he asks searching meta-economic questions: What is the meaning and the point of economics? Can we do ethically all that we can do technically? Does it pay to be good? Placing the wisdom of philosophers and poets over strict mathematical models of human behavior, Sedlacek's groundbreaking work promises to change the way we calculate economic value. Call Number: BJ1500.T78 B47 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780061774133. HarperStudio, 2010. 193 p Through her colourful - and often surprising - stories (examples range from pouring milk on your corn flakes to international gold trading) the acclaimed journalist takes us on a journey that reveals the deep layers of trust involved in even the simplest of transactions and how our stock in integrity is our most valuable economic asset. A big idea book with the entertainment value of Predictably Irrational, it also sheds light on our current economic crisis and the inner workings of global financial markets. Beginning with things we take for granted in our daily lives - milk, money, and markets - this book shows how much we depend on and benefit from integrity. Through the eyes of Toyota, the number one carmaker in the world, we learn how integrity is an investment with a financial payoff and through the experience of successful start ups like eBay and Amazon we can understand how integrity is built up over time. Not only does this book reveal how integrity is an important source of our prosperity, but it also lays out a system for how to generate more integrity and more wealth. Bernasek explains the DNA of integrity and reveals the key building blocks of disclosure, norms, and accountability. This book isn't just an interesting read about the way global markets really work. It also delivers clear and practical steps to building a stronger economy based upon trust that will benefit everyone. "The Economics of Integrity" offers a bold new way to look at our economy; this is a book for our times. The Economics of Poverty: History, Measurement, and Policy by Martin Ravallion Call Number: HC79.P6 .R3798 2016 (Library West) ISBN: 9780190212766 Publication Date: Oxford, 2016. $49.95 There are fewer people living in extreme poverty in the world today than 30 years ago. While that is an achievement, continuing progress for poor people is far from assured. Inequalities in access to key resources threaten to stall growth and poverty reduction in many places. The world's poorest have made only a small absolute gain over those 30 years. Progress has been slow against relative poverty as judged by the standards of the country and time one lives in, and a great many people in the world's emerging middle class remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty. The Economics of Poverty reviews critically past and present debates on poverty, spanning both rich and poor countries. The book provides an accessible new synthesis of current economic thinking on key questions: How is poverty measured? How much poverty is there? Why does poverty exist, and is it inevitable? What can be done to reduce poverty? Can it even be eliminated? The book does not assume that readers know economics already. Those new to the subject get a lot of help along the way in understanding its concepts and methods. Economics lives through its relevance to real world problems, and here the problem of poverty is both the central focus and a vehicle for learning. Call Number: HC79 .P55 D65 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393913408.6thedition,W.W.Norton,733p.,$45.00 Publication Date: 2012 The field of Environmental Economics is more important than ever, with new economics theories quickly becoming government policy. The leading ideas in the field are communicated through journal articles, and the most important ones are collected in the new edition of this classic book-half the articles in the Sixth Edition are brand-new. And the editor, Robert Stavins of Harvard, is a leading international economist. The Sixth Edition of Economics of the Environment is the most extensive one in a generation, with seventeen new articles, all of which were published after 2005. In addition, editor Robert Stavins is an increasingly prominent name, with a high-profile recent article (2011: a new look at the Tragedy of the Commons) that is included in the book. Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of the Dismal Science by Dani Rodrik Call Number: HB75 .R5785 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780393246414 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2015. $27.95 In the wake of the financial crisis and the Great Recession, economics seems anything but a science. In this sharp, masterfully argued book, Dani Rodrik, a leading critic from within, takes a close look at economics to examine when it falls short and when it works, to give a surprisingly upbeat account of the discipline.Drawing on the history of the field and his deep experience as a practitioner, Rodrik argues that economics can be a powerful tool that improves the world--but only when economists abandon universal theories and focus on getting the context right. Economics Rules argues that the discipline's much-derided mathematical models are its true strength. Models are the tools that make economics a science.Too often, however, economists mistake a model for the model that applies everywhere and at all times. In six chapters that trace his discipline from Adam Smith to present-day work on globalization, Rodrik shows how diverse situations call for different models. Each model tells a partial story about how the world works. These stories offer wide-ranging, and sometimes contradictory, lessons--just as children's fables offer diverse morals.Whether the question concerns the rise of global inequality, the consequences of free trade, or the value of deficit spending, Rodrik explains how using the right models can deliver valuable new insights about social reality and public policy. Beyond the science, economics requires the craft to apply suitable models to the context.The 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers challenged many economists' deepest assumptions about free markets. Rodrik reveals that economists' model toolkit is much richer than these free-market models. With pragmatic model selection, economists can develop successful antipoverty programs in Mexico, growth strategies in Africa, and intelligent remedies for domestic inequality.At once a forceful critique and defense of the discipline, Economics Rules charts a path toward a more humble but more effective science. Call Number: HB171.C484 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781620408124 Publication Date: Bloomsbury, 2014. In his bestselling 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism, Cambridge economist Ha-Joon Chang brilliantly debunked many of the predominant myths of neoclassical economics. Now, in an entertaining and accessible primer, he explains how the global economy actually works—in real-world terms. Writing with irreverent wit, a deep knowledge of history, and a disregard for conventional economic pieties, Chang offers insights that will never be found in the textbooks. Unlike many economists, who present only one view of their discipline, Chang introduces a wide range of economic theories, from classical to Keynesian, revealing how each has its strengths and weaknesses, and why there is no one way to explain economic behavior. Instead, by ignoring the received wisdom and exposing the myriad forces that shape our financial world, Chang gives us the tools we need to understand our increasingly global and interconnected world often driven by economics. From the future of the Euro, inequality in China, or the condition of the American manufacturing industry here in the United States—Economics: The User’s Guide is a concise and expertly crafted guide to economic fundamentals that offers a clear and accurate picture of the global economy and how and why it affects our daily lives. Economism: Bad Economics and the Rise of Inequality by James Kwak; Simon Johnson (Foreword by) Call Number: HB71 .K893 2016 (Library West, Forthcoming) ISBN: 9781101871195 Publication Date: Pantheon, 2017. $25.95 The coauthor of the best-selling 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown now gives us a bracing deconstruction of the framework for understanding the world that is learned as gospel in Economics 101, regardless of its imaginary assumptions and misleading half-truths. "Economism": an ideology that distorts the valid principles and tools of Economics 101, propagated by self-styled experts, zealous lobbyists, clueless politicians, and ignorant pundits. In order to illuminate the fallacies of economism, James Kwak first offers a primer on supply and demand, market equilibrium, and social welfare: the underpinnings of most popular economic arguments.  Then he provides a historical account of how economism became a prevalent mode of thought in the United States--focusing on the people who packaged Econ 101 into sound bites that were then repeated until they took on the aura of truth. He shows us how issues of the moment in contemporary American society--labor markets, taxes, finance, health care, macroeconomic management, among others--are shaped by economism, demonstrating in each case with clarity and elan how, because of its failure to reflect the complexities of our world, economism has had a deleterious influence on policies that affect hundreds of millions of Americans. Call Number: HB72 .D36 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199730568. Oxford University Press, 2011. 257 p. $35.00 Economics is today among the most influential of all professions. Economists alter the course of economic affairs and deeply affect the lives of current and future generations. Yet, virtually alone among the major professions, economics lacks a body of professional ethics to guide its practitioners. Over the past century the profession consistently has refused to adopt or even explore professional economic ethics. As a consequence, economists are largely unprepared for the ethical challenges they face in their work. The Economist's Oath challenges the economic orthodoxy. It builds the case for professional economic ethics step by step-first by rebutting economists' arguments against and then by building an escalating positive case for professional economic ethics. The book surveys what economists do and demonstrates that their work is ethically fraught. It explores the principles, questions, and debates that inform professional ethics in other fields, and identifies the lessons that economics can take from the best established bodies of professional ethics. George DeMartino demonstrates that in the absence of professional ethics, well-meaning economists have committed basic, preventable ethical errors that have caused severe harm for societies across the globe. The book investigates the reforms in economic education that would be necessary to recognize professional ethical obligations, and concludes with the Economist's Oath, drawing on the book's central insights and highlighting the virtues that are required of the "ethical economist." The Economist's Oath seeks to initiate a serious conversation among economists about the ethical content of their work. It examines the ethical entailments of the immense influence over the lives of others that the economics profession now enjoys, and proposes a framework for the new field of professional economic ethics. Call Number: HC106.83 .E26 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780231143646.ColumbiaUniversityPress,317p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2007 In this valuable resource, more than thirty of the world's top economists offer innovative policy ideas and insightful commentary on our most pressing economic issues, such as global warming, the global economy, government spending, Social Security, tax reform, real estate, and political and social policy, including an extensive look at the economics of capital punishment, welfare reform, and the recent presidential elections. Contributors are Nobel Prize winners, former presidential advisers, well-respected columnists, academics, and practitioners from across the political spectrum. Joseph E. Stiglitz takes a hard look at the high cost of the Iraq War; Nobel Laureates Kenneth Arrow, Thomas Schelling, and Stiglitz provide insight and advice on global warming; Paul Krugman demystifies Social Security; Bradford DeLong presents divergent views on the coming dollar crisis; Diana Farrell reconsiders the impact of U.S. offshoring; Michael J. Boskin distinguishes what is "sense" and what is "nonsense" in discussions of federal deficits and debt; and Ronald I. McKinnon points out the consequences of the deindustrialization of America.Additional essays question whether welfare reform was successful and explore the economic consequences of global warming and the rebuilding of New Orleans. They describe how a simple switch in auto insurance policy could benefit the environment; unravel the dangers of an unchecked housing bubble; and investigate the mishandling of the lending institutions Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Balancing empirical data with economic theory, The Economists' Voice proves that the unique perspective of the economist is a vital one for understanding today's world. ISBN: 9781846285608.Springer, 312 p. Publication Date: 2007 Based on over 15 years experience in the design and delivery of successful first-year courses, this book equips undergraduates with the mathematical skills required for degree courses in economics, finance, management and business studies. The book starts with a summary of basic skills and takes its readers as far as constrained optimisation helping them to become confident and competent in the use of mathematical tools and techniques that can be applied to a range of problems in economics and finance. Designed as both a course text and a handbook, the book assumes little prior mathematical knowledge beyond elementary algebra and is therefore suitable for students returning to mathematics after a long break. The fundamental ideas are described in the simplest mathematical terms, highlighting threads of common mathematical theory in the various topics. Features include: a systematic approach: ideas are touched upon, introduced gradually and then consolidated through the use of illustrative examples; several entry points to accommodate differing mathematical backgrounds; numerous worked examples and exercises to illustrate the theory and applications; full solutions to exercises, available to lecturers via the web. Vass Mavron is Professor of Mathematics in the Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Wales Aberystwyth. Tim Phillips is Professor of Mathematics and Professorial Fellow in the School of Mathematics at Cardiff University. Call Number: HC59.72.P6 E17 2001 e-book (netLibrary) and Library West ISBN: 026205065X.MITPress,342p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2001 Since the end of World War II, economists have tried to figure out how poor countries in the tropics could attain standards of living approaching those of countries in Europe and North America. Attempted remedies have included providing foreign aid, investing in machines, fostering education, controlling population growth, and making aid loans as well as forgiving those loans on condition of institutional reforms. None of these solutions has delivered as promised. The problem is not the failure of economics, William Easterly argues, but the failure to apply economic principles to practical policy work. In this book Easterly shows how these solutions all violate the basic principle of economics, that people -- private individuals and businesses, government officials, even aid donors -- respond to incentives. Easterly first discusses the importance of growth. He then analyzes the development solutions that have failed. Finally, he suggests alternative approaches to the problem. Written in an accessible, at times irreverent, style, Easterly's book combines modern growth theory with anecdotes from his fieldwork for the World Bank. Call Number: HB76 .E452 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107040533.CambridgeUniversityPress, 470 p., $85.00 Publication Date: 2014 The sequel to Eminent Economists, this book presents the ideas of some of the most outstanding economists of the past half century. The contributors, representing divergent points of the ideological compass, present their life philosophies and reflect on their conceptions of human nature, society, justice, and the source of creative impulse. These self-portraits reveal details of the economists' personal and professional lives that capture the significance of the total person. The essays represent streams of thought that lead to the vast ocean of economics, where gems of the discipline lie, and the volume will appeal to a wide array of readers, including professional economists, students and laypersons who seek a window into the heart of this complex field. The contributors include Alan S. Blinder, Clair Brown, John Y. Campbell, Vincent P. Crawford, Paul Davidson, Angus Deaton, Harold Demsetz, Peter Diamond, Avinash Dixit, Barry Eichengreen, Jeffrey Frankel, Richard B. Freeman, Benjamin M. Friedman and John Hull. Call Number: K487.E3 E53 2000 (Library West, Business Reference and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 185898565X.5Vols.,EdwardElgarPub.,$1,390.00 Publication Date: 2000 The Encyclopedia of Law and Economics is a monumental reference work that surveys the entire literature on law and economics in over 3,000 pages. The entries consist of two elements: a review of the literature written by an authority in the field and a bibliography which covers most of the published material in the particular area. The reviews are written in an accessible style which will be suitable for non-specialists, such as lawyers, judges, politicians and students as well as scholars of law and economics. This authoritative Encyclopedia will rapidly become established as a leading bibliographic and reference source in law and economics. Call Number: HB3717 2008 .G337 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781451644920 Publication Date: Simon & Schuster, 2015. $26.00 The years since the Great Crisis of 2008 have seen slow growth, high unemployment, falling home values, chronic deficits, a deepening disaster in Europe-and a stale argument between two false solutions, "austerity" on one side and "stimulus" on the other. Both sides and practically all analyses of the crisis so far take for granted that the economic growth from the early 1950s until 2000-interrupted only by the troubled 1970s-represented a normal performance. From this perspective the crisis was an interruption, caused by bad policy or bad people, and full recovery is to be expected if the cause is corrected. The End of Normal challenges this view. Placing the crisis in perspective, Galbraith argues that the 1970s already ended the age of easy growth. The 1980s and 1990s saw only uneven growth, with rising inequality within and between countries. And the 2000s saw the end even of that-despite frantic efforts to keep growth going with tax cuts, war spending, and financial deregulation. When the crisis finally came, stimulus and automatic stabilization were able to place a floor under economic collapse. But they are not able to bring about a return to high growth and full employment. Today, four factors impede a return to normal. They are the rising costs of real resources, the now-evident futility of military power, the labor-saving consequences of the digital revolution, and the breakdown of law and ethics in the financial sector. The Great Crisis should be seen as a turning point, a barometer of the rise of unstable economic conditions, which should be regarded as the new normal. Policies and institutions going forward should be designed, above all, modestly, to cope with this fact, maintaining conditions for a good life in difficult times. Call Number: HC59.72.P6 S225 2005 (Library West) ISBN: 1594200459.PenguinPress,396p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2005 Among the most eagerly anticipated books of any year, this landmark exploration of prosperity and poverty distills the life work of an economist Time calls one of the world's 100 most influential people. Sachs's aim is nothing less than to deliver a big picture of how societies emerge from poverty. To do so he takes readers in his footsteps, explaining his work in Bolivia, Russia, India, China, and Africa, while offering an integrated set of solutions for the interwoven economic, political, environmental, and social problems that challenge the poorest countries. Marrying passionate storytelling with rigorous analysis and a vision as pragmatic as it is fiercely moral, The End of Poverty is a truly indispensable work. Call Number: HB3743 .K78 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393088779.W.W.Norton,$24.95 Publication Date: 2012 The Great Recession is more than four years old-and counting. Yet, as Paul Krugman points out in this powerful volley, "Nations rich in resources, talent, and knowledge-all the ingredients for prosperity and a decent standard of living for all-remain in a state of intense pain." How bad have things gotten? How did we get stuck in what now can only be called a depression? And above all, how do we free ourselves? Krugman pursues these questions with his characteristic lucidity and insight. He has a powerful message for anyone who has suffered over these past four years-a quick, strong recovery is just one step away, if our leaders can find the "intellectual clarity and political will" to end this depression now. Call Number: HB61 .E66 2004 e-book (netLibrary) and Library West ISBN: 1843760290.EdwardElgarPub.,320p.$144.00 Publication Date: 2004 "Eponymy - the practice of affixing the name of the scientist to all or part of what he/she has found - has many interesting features but only a very few attempts have been made to tackle the subject lexicographically in science and art. This is the first eponymous dictionary of economics ever published in any language." "There are hundreds of eponyms and the average economist will probably be acquainted with, let alone be able to master, a relatively restricted number of them. The Dictionary fills this void in a manageable volume that describes all relevant economic eponyms. Some rare but interesting eponyms are also included and all have a succinct bibliography for further reading." Julio Segura and Carlos Rodriguez Braun have assembled a unique Dictionary that will be an invaluable and much welcomed reference book for economic journalists, economists and economic scholars at all levels of academe, and in all areas of economics and its associated fields. Call Number: HC79.E5S538 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199583584.OxfordUniversityPress,2011.136p.$11.95 Publication Date: 2011 In broad terms, environmental economics looks at how economic activity and policy affect the environment in which we live. Some production generates pollution, such as power station emissions causing acid rain and contributing to global warming, but household consumption decisions also affect theenvironment, where more consumption can mean more waste sent to polluting incinerators. However, pollution is not an inevitable consequence of economic activity - environmental policies can require polluting firms to clean up their emissions, and can encourage people to change their behaviour,through environmental taxes on polluting goods, for example. Generally, though, these measures will involve some costs, such as installing pollution control equipment. So there's a trade-off: a cleaner environment, but economic costs. In recent years, many economists have argued for greater use ofincentive in the form of pollution charges and emissions trading rather than more traditional direct regulation of polluters. In this Very Short Introduction, Stephen Smith discusses environmental issues including pollution control, reducing environmental damage, and global climate change policies, answering questions about how we should balance environmental and economic considerations, and what form government policiesshould take. Including many illustrative case studies and examples he shows that this is an exciting field of economics, and one that is at the heart of many public debates and controversies. Call Number: HG925 .S75 2016 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393254020 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2016. $28.95 In 2010, the 2008 global financial crisis morphed into the "eurocrisis." It has not abated. The 19 countries of Europe that share the euro currency--the eurozone--have been rocked by economic stagnation and debt crises. Some countries have been in depression for years while the governing powers of the eurozone have careened from emergency to emergency, most notably in Greece.In The Euro, Nobel Prize-winning economist and best-selling author Joseph E. Stiglitz dismantles the prevailing consensus around what ails Europe, demolishing the champions of austerity while offering a series of plans that can rescue the continent--and the world--from further devastation.Hailed by its architects as a lever that would bring Europe together and promote prosperity, the euro has done the opposite. As Stiglitz persuasively argues, the crises revealed the shortcomings of the euro. Europe's stagnation and bleak outlook are a direct result of the fundamental challenges in having a diverse group of countries share a common currency--the euro was flawed at birth, with economic integration outpacing political integration. Stiglitz shows how the current structure promotes divergence rather than convergence. The question then is: Can the euro be saved?After laying bare the European Central Bank's misguided inflation-only mandate and explaining how eurozone policies, especially toward the crisis countries, have further exposed the zone's flawed design, Stiglitz outlines three possible ways forward: fundamental reforms in the structure of the eurozone and the policies imposed on the member countries; a well-managed end to the single-currency euro experiment; or a bold, new system dubbed the "flexible euro."With its lessons for globalization in a world economy ever more deeply connected, The Euro is urgent and essential reading. Call Number: HB71 .N44 1982 (Library West) ISBN: 0674272277.BelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,437p.$33.74 Publication Date: 1982 This book contains the most sustained and serious attack on mainstream, neoclassical economics in more than forty years. Nelson and Winter focus their critique on the basic question of how firms and industries change overtime. They marshal significant objections to the fundamental neoclassical assumptions of profit maximization and market equilibrium, which they find ineffective in the analysis of technological innovation and the dynamics of competition among firms. To replace these assumptions, they borrow from biology the concept of natural selection to construct a precise and detailed evolutionary theory of business behavior. They grant that films are motivated by profit and engage in search for ways of improving profits, but they do not consider them to be profit maximizing. Likewise, they emphasize the tendency for the more profitable firms to drive the less profitable ones out of business, but they do not focus their analysis on hypothetical states of industry equilibrium. The results of their new paradigm and analytical framework are impressive. Not only have they been able to develop more coherent and powerful models of competitive firm dynamics under conditions of growth and technological change, but their approach is compatible with findings in psychology and other social sciences. Finally, their work has important implications for welfare economics and for government policy toward industry. Call Number: HG540 .E33 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199753789.OxfordUniversityPress,215p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2010 For more than half a century, the U.S. dollar has been not just America's currency but the world's. It is used globally by importers, exporters, investors, governments and central banks alike. It is, as a critic of U.S. policies once put it, America's "exorbitant privilege." However, recent events have raised concerns that this soon may be a privilege lost. In Exorbitant Privilege, one of our foremost economists, Barry Eichengreen, traces the rise of the dollar to international prominence over the course of the 20th century. But now, with the rise of China, India, Brazil and other emerging economies, America no longer towers over the global economy. It follows, Eichengreen argues, that the dollar will not be as dominant. But this does not mean that the coming changes will necessarily be sudden and dire—or that the dollar is doomed to lose its international status. Challenging the presumption that there is room for only one true global currency—either the dollar or something else—Eichengreen shows that several currencies have shared this international role over long periods. What was true in the distant past will be true, once again, in the not-too-distant future. The dollar will lose its international currency status, Eichengreen warns, only if the United States repeats the mistakes that led to the financial crisis and only if it fails to put its fiscal and financial house in order. The greenback's fate hinges, in other words, not on the actions of the Chinese government but on economic policy decisions here in the United States. Incisive, challenging and iconoclastic, Exorbitant Privilege is a fascinating analysis of the changes that lie ahead. It is a challenge, equally, to those who warn that the dollar is doomed and to those who regard its continuing dominance as inevitable. An Extraordinary Time: The End of the Postwar Boom and the Return of the Ordinary Economy by Marc Levinson Call Number: HC54 .L398 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780465061983 Publication Date: Basic Books, 2016. $27.99 The decades after World War II were a golden age across much of the world. It was a time of economic miracles, an era when steady jobs were easy to find and families could see their living standards improving year after year. And then, around 1973, the good times vanished. The world economy slumped badly, then settled into the slow, erratic growth that had been the norm before the war. The result was an era of anxiety, uncertainty, and political extremism that we are still grappling with today. InAn Extraordinary Time, acclaimed economic historian Marc Levinson describes how the end of the postwar boom reverberated throughout the global economy, bringing energy shortages, financial crises, soaring unemployment, and a gnawing sense of insecurity. Politicians, suddenly unable to deliver the prosperity of years past, railed haplessly against currency speculators, oil sheikhs, and other forces they could not control. From Sweden to Southern California, citizens grew suspicious of their newly ineffective governments and rebelled against the high taxes needed to support social welfare programs enacted when coffers were flush. Almost everywhere, the pendulum swung to the right, bringing politicians like Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan to power. But their promise that deregulation, privatization, lower tax rates, and smaller government would restore economic security and robust growth proved unfounded. Although the guiding hand of the state could no longer deliver the steady economic performance the public had come to expect, free-market policies were equally unable to do so. The golden age would not come backagain. A sweeping reappraisal of the last sixty years of world history,An Extraordinary Time offers forces us to come to terms with how little control we actually have over the economy. Call Number: HB74.5 .E97 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691124797.PrincetonUniversityPress,375p.$55.00 Publication Date: 2009 Since the 1980s, there has been explosive growth in the use of experimental methods in economics, leading to exciting developments in economic theory and policy. Despite this, the status of experimental economics remains controversial. In Experimental Economics, the authors draw on their experience and expertise in experimental economics, economic theory, the methodology of economics, philosophy of science, and the econometrics of experimental data to offer a balanced and integrated look at the nature and reliability of claims based on experimental research. The authors explore the history of experiments in economics, provide examples of different types of experiments, and show that the growing use of experimental methods is transforming economics into a genuinely empirical science. They explain that progress is being held back by an uncritical acceptance of folk wisdom regarding how experiments should be conducted, a failure to acknowledge that different objectives call for different approaches to experimental design, and a misplaced assumption that principles of good practice in theoretical modeling can be transferred directly to experimental design. Experimental Economics debates how such limitations might be overcome, and will interest practicing experimental economists, nonexperimental economists wanting to interpret experimental research, and philosophers of science concerned with the status of knowledge claims in economics. Call Number: HQ801.82 .O94 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781422191651.HarvardBusinessReviewPress,241 p. Publication Date: 2014 Conquering the dating market-from an economist's point of view After more than twenty years, economist Paul Oyer found himself back on the dating scene-but what a difference a few years made. Dating was now dominated by sites like Match.com, eHarmony, and OkCupid. But Oyer had a secret weapon: economics.It turns out that dating sites are no different than the markets Oyer had spent a lifetime studying. Monster.com, eBay, and other sites where individuals come together to find a match gave Oyer startling insight into the modern dating scene. The arcane language of economics-search, signaling, adverse selection, cheap talk, statistical discrimination, thick markets, and network externalities-provides a useful guide to finding a mate. Using the ideas that are central to how markets and economics and dating work, Oyer shows how you can apply these ideas to take advantage of the economics in everyday life, all around you, all the time.For all online daters-and for anyone else swimming in the vast sea of the information economy-this book uses Oyer's own experiences, and those of millions of others, to help you navigate the key economic concepts that drive the modern age. Economics Books: F Failed: What the "Experts" Got Wrong About the Global Economy by Mark Weisbrot Call Number: HB3782 .W45 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780195170184 Publication Date: Oxford, 2015. $27.95 Why did the Eurozone end up with an unemployment rate more than twice than that of the United States and six years after the collapse of Lehman Brothers? Was crisis in the Eurozone inevitable? What caused the prolonged economic failure experienced by the majority of the world's low- andmiddle-income countries at the end of the 20th century?Failed analyzes and ties together some of the most important economic developments of recent years with the common theme that they have been widely misunderstood and in some cases almost completely ignored. A central argument of Failed is that there are always viable alternatives to prolongedeconomic failure. Author Mark Weisbrot shows that political agendas are often the root cause of avoidable financial crises and drawing on lessons learned from previous crises, recessions, and subsequent recovers can prevent further failures in the future. Call Number: HB3722 .P67 2009 (Library West and Legal Information Center)) ISBN: 9780674035140.HarvardUniversityPress,346p.$23.95 Publication Date: 2009 The financial and economic crisis that began in 2008 is the most alarming of our lifetime because of the warp-speed at which it is occurring. How could it have happened, especially after all that we’ve learned from the Great Depression? Why wasn’t it anticipated so that remedial steps could be taken to avoid or mitigate it? What can be done to reverse a slide into a full-blown depression? Why have the responses to date of the government and the economics profession been so lackluster? Richard Posner presents a concise and non-technical examination of this mother of all financial disasters and of the, as yet, stumbling efforts to cope with it. No previous acquaintance on the part of the reader with macroeconomics or the theory of finance is presupposed. This is a book for intelligent generalists that will interest specialists as well. Call Number: HC21 .C63 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691121352.PrincetonUniversityPress,420p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2007 Why are some parts of the world so rich and others so poor? Why did the Industrial Revolution - and the unprecedented economic growth that came with it - occur in eighteenth-century England, and not at some other time, or in some other place? Why didn't industrialization make the whole world rich - and why did it make large parts of the world even poorer? In A Farewell to Alms, Gregory Clark tackles these profound questions and suggests a new and provocative way in which culture - not exploitation, geography, or resources - explains the wealth, and the poverty, of nations." "A sobering challenge to the idea that poor societies can be economically developed through outside intervention, A Farewell to Alms may change the way global economic history is understood. Feeling Smart: Why Our Emotions Are More Rational Than We Think by Eyal Winter Call Number: BF448 .W56413 2014 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781610394901 Publication Date: Public Affairs, 2014. $26.99 Which is smarter—your head or your gut? It’s a familiar refrain: you’re getting too emotional. Try and think rationally. But is it always good advice? In this surprising book, Eyal Winter asks a simple question: why do we have emotions? If they lead to such bad decisions, why hasn’t evolution long since made emotions irrelevant? The answer is that, even though they may not behave in a purely logical manner, our emotions frequently lead us to better, safer, more optimal outcomes. In fact, as Winter discovers, there is often logic in emotion, and emotion in logic. For instance, many mutually beneficial commitments—such as marriage, or being a member of a team—are only possible when underscored by emotion rather than deliberate thought. The difference between pleasurable music and bad noise is mathematically precise; yet it is also something we feel at an instinctive level. And even though people are usually overconfident—how can we all be above average?—we often benefit from our arrogance. Feeling Smart brings together game theory, evolution, and behavioral science to produce a surprising and very persuasive defense of how we think, even when we don’t. Call Number: HB3717 2008 .T46 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230108462. Palgrave Macmillan, 262 p. $95.00 Publication Date: 2011 Written for the motivated non-specialist, this work provides the most clear and thorough coverage available of the causes and consequences of the Great Financial Crisis and the role of the Federal Reserve in preventing it from escalating into a massive depression a la the 1930s. The Great Recession that followed the popping of the dual credit and housing bubbles deprived more than 8 million Americans of their jobs and triggered a per capita loss of income of more $6,000 in 2008 and 2009 alone. This work provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of the myriad forces that combined to create the bubbles that were the source of the economic contraction. It retraces the chain reaction that took place as these bubbles deflated. The channels through which the crisis spilled over to produce the Great Recession are carefully laid out. The book is unique in thoroughly contrasting the Federal Reserve’s brilliant implementation of policies that saved us from disaster in the recent crisis with its inept behavior that strongly contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Call Number: HB3743 .K58 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780199730551.OxfordUniversityPress,400p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 In the past few years, millions of people have lost very substantial portions of their wealth. And while the markets have rebounded considerably, they are still far from a full recovery. Now, professional economists, policy experts, public intellectuals, and the public at large are all struggling to understand the crisis that has engulfed us. In The Financial Crisis of Our Time, Robert W. Kolb provides an essential, comprehensive review of the context within which these events unfolded, arguing that while the crisis had no single cause, housing finance played a central role, and that to understand what happened, one must comprehend the mechanism by which the housing industry came into crisis. Kolb offers a history of the housing finance system as it developed throughout the twentieth century, and especially in the period from 1990 to 2006, showing how the originate-to-distribute model of mortgage financing presented market participants with a "clockwork of perverse incentives." In this system, various participants-simply by pursuing their narrow personal interests-participated in an elaborate mechanism that led to disaster. The book then gives a narrative of the crisis as it developed and analyzes all of the participants in the housing market, from the home buyers to investors in collaterialized debt obligations (CDOs). Robert W. Kolb provides one of the most comprehensive and illuminating accounts of the events that will be studied for decades to come as the financial crisis of our time. Call Number: HB145 .D87 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691156644. Princeton University Press, 276 p., $39.50 Publication Date: 2014 Finding Equilibrium explores the post-World War II transformation of economics by constructing a history of the proof of its central dogma--that a competitive market economy may possess a set of equilibrium prices. The model economy for which the theorem could be proved was mapped out in 1954 by Kenneth Arrow and Gerard Debreu collaboratively, and by Lionel McKenzie separately, and would become widely known as the "Arrow-Debreu Model." While Arrow and Debreu would later go on to win separate Nobel prizes in economics, McKenzie would never receive it. Till Düppe and E. Roy Weintraub explore the lives and work of these economists and the issues of scientific credit against the extraordinary backdrop of overlapping research communities and an economics discipline that was shifting dramatically to mathematical modes of expression. Finding Equilibrium shows the complex interplay between each man's personal life and work, and examines compelling ideas about scientific credit, publication, regard for different research institutions, and the awarding of Nobel prizes. Instead of asking whether recognition was rightly or wrongly given, and who were the heroes or villains, the book considers attitudes toward intellectual credit and strategies to gain it vis-à-vis the communities that grant it. Telling the story behind the proof of the central theorem in economics, Finding Equilibrium sheds light on the changing nature of the scientific community and the critical connections between the personal and public rewards of scientific work. Call Number: HG230.3 T395 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393073393.W.W.Norton,235p.,$24.95 Publication Date: 2012 America’s economic future is uncertain. Mired in a long crippling economic slump and hamstrung by bitter partisan debate over the growing debt and the role of government, the nation faces substantial challenges, exacerbated by a dearth of vision and common sense among its leaders. Prominent Stanford economist John B. Taylor brings his steady voice of reason to the discussion with a natural solution: start with the country’s founding principles of economic and political freedom-limited government, rule of law, strong incentives, reliance on markets, a predictable policy framework-and reconstruct its economic foundation from these proven principles. Channeling his high-level experience as both a policymaker and researcher, Taylor then zeroes in on current policy issues-the budget, monetary policy, government regulation, tax reform-and lays out in simple terms bold strategies designed to place the country on sound footing in each of these areas. Call Number: HG3881 .W65 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780801890482.JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,248p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2008 The latest book from Financial Times columnist Martin Wolf explains why global imbalances cause financial crises—including the one ravaging the United States right now—and outlines the steps for ending this destructive cycle. Reviewing global financial crises since 1980, Wolf lays bare the links between the microeconomics of finance and the macroeconomics of the balance of payments, demonstrating how the subprime lending crisis in the United States fits into a pattern that includes the economic shocks of 1997, 1998, and early 1999 in Latin America, Russia, and Asia. He explains why the United States is now the “borrower and spender of last resort,” makes the case that this is an untenable arrangement, and argues that global economic security depends on the ability of emerging economies to develop robust financial systems based on domestic currencies. Sharply and clearly argued, Wolf’s prescription for fixing global finance illustrates why he has been described as "the world's preeminent financial journalist." Call Number: HB3730 .B83 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9781608198511.Bloombury, 251 p. Publication Date: 2013 Picture an early scene from "The Wizard of Oz" Dorothy hurries home as a tornado gathers in what was once a clear Kansas sky. Hurriedly, she seeks shelter in the storm cellar under the house, but, finding it locked, takes cover in her bedroom. We all know how that works out for her.Many investors these days are a bit like Dorothy, putting their faith in something as solid and trustworthy as a house (or, say, real estate). But market disruptions--storms--seem to arrive without warning, leaving us little time to react. Why are we so often blindsided by these things, left outdoors with nothing but our little dogs? More to the point: how did Kansas go from blue skies to tornadoes in such a short time?In this deeply researched and piercingly intelligent book, physicist Mark Buchanan shows how a simple feedback loop can lead to major consequences, the kind predictable by mathematical models but hard for most people to anticipate. From his unique perspective, Buchanan argues that our basic assumptions about economic markets--that they are for the most part stable, with occasional interruptions--are simply wrong. Markets really act more like the weather: a brief heat wave can become a massive storm in a matter of a few days, or even hours."The Physics of Finance" reimagines the basics of how economics, with consequences that affect everyone. Call Number: HC102.5 .A2 F76 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691159119.PrincetonUniversityPress, 273 p., $29.95 Publication Date: 2013 The period leading up to the Great Depression witnessed the rise of the economic forecasters, pioneers who sought to use the tools of science to predict the future, with the aim of profiting from their forecasts. This book chronicles the lives and careers of the men who defined this first wave of economic fortune tellers, men such as Roger Babson, Irving Fisher, and John Moody. They competed to sell their distinctive methods of prediction to investors and businesses, and thrived in the boom years that followed World War I. Yet, almost to a man, they failed to predict the devastating crash of 1929. Walter Friedman paints vivid portraits of entrepreneurs who shared a belief that the rational world of numbers and reason could tame--or at least foresee--the irrational gyrations of the market. Despite their failures, this first generation of economic forecasters helped to make the prediction of economic trends a central economic activity, and shed light on the mechanics of financial markets by providing a range of statistics and information about individual firms. They also raised questions that are still relevant today. What is science and what is merely guesswork in forecasting? Does the act of forecasting set in motion unforeseen events that can counteract the forecast made? Fortune Tellers highlights the risk and uncertainty that are inherent to capitalism itself. Call Number: HB135 .S24 1983 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 0674313011.HarvardUniversityPress,604p. Publication Date: 1983 Foundations of Economic Analysis is a book by Paul A. Samuelson published in 1947 (Enlarged ed., 1983). It sought to demonstrate a common mathematical structure underlying multiple branches of economics from two basic principles: optimizing behavior of agents and stability of equilibrium as to economic systems (such as markets or economies). Among other contributions, it advanced the theory of index numbers and generalized welfare economics. It is especially known for definitively stating and formalizing qualitative and quantitative versions of the "comparative statics" method for calculating how a change in any parameter (say, a change in tax rates) affects an economic system. One of its key insights about comparative statics, called the correspondence principle, states that stability of equilibrium implies testable predictions about how the equilibrium changes when parameters are changed. (Wikipedia) Call Number: QP360.5 .G566 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199744251. Oxford University Press, 467 p., $69.95 Publication Date: 2011 A new academic field, neuroeconomics, has emerged at the border of the social and natural sciences. In Foundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis, Paul Glimcher argues that a meaningful interdisciplinary synthesis of the study of human and animal choice is not only desirable, but also well underway, and so it is time to formally develop a foundational approach for the field. He does so by laying the philosophical and empirical groundwork and integrating the theory of choice and valuation with the relevant physical constraints and mechanisms. While there has been an intense debate about the value and prospects of neuroeconomics, Glimcher argues that existing data from neuroeconomics' three parent fields, neuroscience, psychology and economics, already specify the basic features of the primate choice mechanism at all three levels of analysis. His central argument is that combining these three disciplines gives us enough insight to define many of the fundamental features of decision making that have previously eluded scholars working within each individual field. With this in mind, Glimcher provides a comprehensive overview of the neuroscience, psychology, and economics of choice behavior, which will help readers from many disciplines to grasp the rich interconnections between these fields and see how their data and theory can interact to produce new insights, constraints, and questions. Call Number: HC105 .F68 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780226384757.UniversityofChicagoPress,2011.353p.$110.00 The political decisions made by the founding fathers were crucial to the success of the early republic. But the economic decisions they made were just as pivotal, ensuring the general welfare and common defense of the United States for decades to come. Founding Choices explores these economic choices and their profound influence on American life, westward expansion, and influence abroad. Among the topics covered are finance, trade, and monetary and banking policy, with a focus on the factors guiding those policies and their end result. This book redresses the relative neglect of the economic achievements of the founders. It will be essential reading for historians and economists alike. Call Number: HB501 .B38 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 0691096155.PrincetonUniversityPress,318p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2002 William Baumol rejects the conventional view that capitalism benefits society through price competition—that is, products and services become less costly as firms vie for consumers. Where most others have seen this as the driving force behind growth, he sees something different—a compound of systematic innovation activity within the firm, an arms race in which no firm in an innovating industry dares to fall behind the others in new products and processes, and inter-firm collaboration in the creation and use of innovations. While giving price competition due credit, Baumol stresses that large firms use innovation as a prime competitive weapon. However, as he explains it, firms do not wish to risk too much innovation, because it is costly, and can be made obsolete by rival innovation. So firms have split the difference through the sale of technology licenses and participation in technology-sharing compacts that pay huge dividends to the economy as a whole—and thereby made innovation a routine feature of economic life. This process, in Baumol's view, accounts for the unparalleled growth of modern capitalist economies. Baumol shows in this original work that the capitalist growth process, at least in societies where the rule of law prevails, comes far closer to the requirements of economic efficiency than is typically understood. This book marks a milestone in the comprehension of the accomplishments of our free-market economic system—a new understanding that promises to benefit many countries that lack the advantages of this immense innovation machine. Call Number: HB501 .F72 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 0151334811.HarcourtBraceJovanovich, 338p. Publication Date: 1980 In this classic about economics, freedom, and the relationship between the two, Milton and Rose Friedman explain how our freedom has been eroded and our prosperity undermined through the explosion of laws, regulations, agencies, and spending in Washington, and how good intentions often produce deplorable results when government is the middleman. The Friedmans also provide remedies for these ills--they tell us what to do in order to expand our freedom and promote prosperity. Free Trade under Fire by Douglas A. Irwin Call Number: HF1756.I68 2015 (Library West, Pre-Order) ISBN: 9780691166254 Publication Date: Princeton, 2015. 4th ed. $27.95 Growing international trade has helped lift living standards around the world, and yet free trade is always under attack. Critics complain that trade forces painful economic adjustments, such as plant closings and layoffs of workers, and charge that the World Trade Organization serves the interests of corporations, undercuts domestic environmental regulations, and erodes America's sovereignty. Why has global trade--and trade agreements such as NAFTA--become so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In Free Trade under Fire, Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that litter the debate over trade and gives the reader a clear understanding of the issues involved. This fourth edition has been thoroughly updated to include the most recent policy developments and the latest research findings on the impact of trade. Call Number: HB3722 .S842 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393075960.W.W.Norton&Co.,361p.$18.45 Publication Date: 2010 The current global financial crisis carries a made-in-America label. In this forthright and incisive book, Nobel Laureate Joseph E. Stiglitz explains how America exported bad economics, bad policies, and bad behavior to the rest of the world, only to cobble together a haphazard and ineffective response when the markets finally seized up. Drawing on his academic expertise, his years spent shaping policy in the Clinton administration and at the World Bank, and his more recent role as head of a UN commission charged with reforming the global financial system, Stiglitz outlines a way forward building on ideas that he has championed his entire career: restoring the balance between markets and government, addressing the inequalities of the global financial system, and demanding more good ideas (and less ideology) from economists. Economic Books: G - H Game Theory by by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume Call Number: HB144.R66 1997 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230238909.PalgraveMacmillan,368p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2010 Following the recent publication of the award winning and much acclaimed The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, second edition which brings together Nobel Prize winners and the brightest young scholars to survey the discipline, we are pleased to announce The New Palgrave Economics Collection. Due to demand from the economics community these books address key subject areas within the field. Each title is comprised of specially selected articles from the Dictionary and covers a fundamental theme within the discipline. All of the articles have been specifically chosen by the editors of the Dictionary, Steven N.Durlauf and Lawrence E.Blume and are written by leading practitioners in the field. The Collections provide the reader with easy to access information on complex and important subject areas, and allow individual scholars and students to have their own personal reference copy. Call Number: QA269 .A44 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780195300222. Second edition, Oxford University Press, 2011. 470 p. $65.00 Games and Decision Making, Second Edition, is a unique blend of decision theory and game theory. From classical optimization to modern game theory, authors Charalambos D. Aliprantis and Subir K. Chakrabarti show the importance of mathematical knowledge in understanding and analyzing issues in decision making. Through an imaginative selection of topics, Aliprantis and Chakrabarti treat decision and game theory as part of one body of knowledge. They move from problems involving the individual decision-maker to progressively more complex problems such as sequential rationality, auctions, and bargaining. By building each chapter on material presented earlier, the authors offer a self-contained and comprehensive treatment of these topics. Successfully class-tested in an advanced undergraduate course at the Krannert School of Management and in a graduate course in economics at Indiana University, Games and Decision Making, Second Edition, is an essential text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of decision theory and game theory. The book is accessible to students who have a good basic understanding of elementary calculus and probability theory. Call Number: QA269 .L8 (Marston Science Library) ISBN: Wiley,509P.$15.95 Publication Date: 1957 Superb nontechnical introduction to game theory and related disciplines, primarily as applied to the social sciences. Clear, comprehensive coverage of utility theory, 2-person zero-sum games, 2-person non-zero-sum games, n-person games, individual and group decision-making, much more. Appendixes. Bibliography. Graphs and figures. Games of Strategy by Avinash K. Dixit; Susan Skeath; David H. Reiley Call Number: HB144 .D59 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780393919684 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2015. $156.00 A clear, comprehensive introduction to the study of game theory. In the Fourth Edition, new real-world examples and compelling end-of-chapter exercises engage students with game theory. Call Number: HC79 .I5 C725 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691156798.PrincetonUniversityPress,159p.,$19.95 Publication Date: 2014 Why did the size of the U.S. economy increase by 3 percent on one day in mid-2013--or Ghana's balloon by 60 percent overnight in 2010? And why was Greece's chief statistician charged with treason in 2013 for apparently doing nothing more than trying to accurately report the size of his country's economy? The answers to all these questions lie in the way we define and measure national economies around the world: Gross Domestic Product. This informative book tells the story of GDP, making sense of a statistic that appears constantly in the news, business, and politics, and that seems to rule our lives--but that hardly anyone actually understands. Diane Coyle traces the history of this artificial, complex, but exceedingly important statistic from its eighteenth- and nineteenth-century precursors through its invention in the 1940s and its postwar golden age, and then through the Great Crash up to today. The reader learns why this standard measure of the size of a country's economy was invented, how it has changed over the decades, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. The book explains why even small changes in GDP can decide elections, influence major political decisions, and determine whether countries can keep borrowing or be thrown into recession. The book ends by making the case that GDP was a good measure for the twentieth century but is increasingly inappropriate for a twenty-first-century economy driven by innovation, services, and intangible goods. Call Number: HB171 .K45 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230004764.PalgraveMacmillanfortheRoyalEconomicSociety,428p.$32.95 Publication Date: 2007 In 1936, Keynes published the most provocative book written by any economist of his generation. Arguments about the book continued until his death in 1946, and still continue today. This new edition, published 70 years after the original, features a new introduction by Paul Krugman, which discusses the significance and continued relevance of The General Theory. '"The General Theory" is nothing less than an epic journey out of intellectual darkness. That, as much as its continuing relevance to economic policy, is what makes it a book for the ages. Read it, and marvel.' - From the introduction by Paul Krugman. Reprinted with an Editorial introduction and prefaces to the German, Japanese and French eds. from the 1974 Collected writings printing and a new introduction by Paul Krugman - Main text originally published: London : Macmillan, 1936. Includes bibliographical references and index. Call Number: HC79.T4 M646 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 6910948370.PrincetonUniversityPress,359p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2002 The growth of technological and scientific knowledge in the past two centuries has been the overriding dynamic element in the economic and social history of the world. Its result is now often called the knowledge economy. But what are the historical origins of this revolution and what have been its mechanisms? In The Gifts of Athena, Joel Mokyr constructs an original framework to analyze the concept of "useful" knowledge. He argues that the growth explosion in the modern West in the past two centuries was driven not just by the appearance of new technological ideas but also by the improved access to these ideas in society at large--as made possible by social networks comprising universities, publishers, professional sciences, and kindred institutions. He shows that changes in the intellectual and social environment and the institutional background in which knowledge was generated and disseminated brought about the Industrial Revolution, followed by sustained economic growth and continuing technological change.Mokyr draws a link between intellectual forces such as the European enlightenment and subsequent economic changes of the nineteenth century, and follows their development into the twentieth century. He further explores some of the key implications of the knowledge revolution. Among these is the rise and fall of the "factory system" as an organizing principle of modern economic organization. He analyzes the impact of this revolution on information technology and communications as well as on the public's state of health and the structure of households. By examining the social and political roots of resistance to new knowledge, Mokyr also links growth in knowledge to political economy and connects the economic history of technology to the New Institutional Economics. The Gifts of Athena provides crucial insights into a matter of fundamental concern to a range of disciplines including economics, economic history, political economy, the history of technology, and the history of science. Call Number: HC51.A45 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199596652. Oxford University Press, 170 p., $11.95 Publication Date: 2011 Why are some countries rich and others poor? In 1500, global income differences were small, but disparities have grown dramatically since Columbus reached America. In this Very Short Introduction, Robert C. Allen shows how the interplay of geography, globalization, technological change, and economic policy has determined the wealth and poverty of nations. Allen shows how the industrial revolution was Britain's path-breaking response to the challenge of globalization. Western Europe and North America joined Britain to form a club of rich nations, pursuing four polices—creating a national market by abolishing internal tariffs and investing in transportation, erecting an external tariff to protect their fledgling industries from British competition, creating banks to stabilize the currency and mobilize domestic savings for investment, and promoting mass education to prepare people for industrial work. Together these countries pioneered new technologies that have made them ever richer. A few countries—Japan, Soviet Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and perhaps China—have caught up with the West through creative responses to the technological challenge and with Big Push industrialization that has achieved rapid growth through coordinated investment. Call Number: HM821 .M555 2016 (Online) ISBN: 9780674737136 Publication Date: Belknap Harvard, 2016. $29.95 One of the worldâe(tm)s leading economists of inequality, Branko Milanovic presents a bold new account of the dynamics that drive inequality on a global scale. Drawing on vast data sets and cutting-edge research, he explains the benign and malign forces that make inequality rise and fall within and among nations. He also reveals who has been helped the most by globalization, who has been held back, and what policies might tilt the balance toward economic justice. Global Inequality takes us back hundreds of years, and as far around the world as data allow, to show that inequality moves in cycles, fueled by war and disease, technological disruption, access to education, and redistribution. The recent surge of inequality in the West has been driven by the revolution in technology, just as the Industrial Revolution drove inequality 150 years ago. But even as inequality has soared within nations, it has fallen dramatically among nations, as middle-class incomes in China and India have drawn closer to the stagnating incomes of the middle classes in the developed world. A more open migration policy would reduce global inequality even further. Both American and Chinese inequality seems well entrenched and self-reproducing, though it is difficult to predict if current trends will be derailed by emerging plutocracy, populism, or war. For those who want to understand how we got where we are, where we may be heading, and what policies might help reverse that course, Milanovicâe(tm)s compelling explanation is the ideal place to start. Call Number: HD2321 .D53 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781609180065. 6th edition, Guilford Press, 2011. $60.00 Widely adopted throughout the world, this definitive text comprehensively examines how the global economy works and its effects on people and places. Peter Dicken provides a balanced yet critical analysis of globalization processes and debates. The text synthesizes a wealth of data on production, distribution, consumption, and innovation, including detailed case studies of key global industries. Students learn how the global economic map is being shaped and reshaped by dynamic interactions among transnational corporations, states, consumers, labor, and civil society organizations. Useful features include more than 250 quick-reference figures and tables. Call Number: JZ1318 .S74 2003b (e-book) ISBN: 9780199662661. 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, $11.95 Publication Date: 2013 'Globalization' has become one of the defining buzzwords of our time - a term that describes a variety of accelerating economic, political, cultural, ideological, and environmental processes that are rapidly altering our experience of the world. It is by its nature a dynamic topic - and thisVery Short Introduction has been fully updated for a third edition, to include recent developments in global politics, the global economy, and environmental issues. Presenting globalization in accessible language as a multifaceted process encompassing global, regional, and local aspects of social life, Manfred B. Steger looks at its causes and effects, examines whether it is a new phenomenon, and explores the question of whether, ultimately, globalization is agood or a bad thing. Call Number: HF1418.5 .R6425 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393071610. W.W. Norton & Co., 2011. 346 p. $26.95 In this eloquent challenge to the reigning wisdom on globalization, Dani Rodrik reminds us of the importance of the nation-state, arguing forcefully that when the social arrangements of democracies inevitably clash with the international demands of globalization, national priorities should take precedence. Combining history with insight, humor with good-natured critique, Rodrik’s case for a customizable globalization supported by a light frame of international rules shows the way to a balanced prosperity as we confront today’s global challenges in trade, finance, and labor markets. Call Number: HG3881 .E347 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691139371.Princeton,2nded.265p.$28.95 Publication Date: 2008 Written by economist Barry Eichengreen, this book emphasizes the importance of the international monetary system for understanding the international economy. Globalizing Capital is intended for not only economists, but also a general audience of historians, political scientists, professionals in government and business, and anyone with a broad interest in international relations. Eichengreen demonstrates that the international monetary system can be understood and effectively governed only if it is seen as a historical phenomenon extending from the period of the gold standard to today's world of fluctuating prices. This updated edition continues to document the effect of floating, exchange rates and contains a new chapter on the Asian financial crisis, the advent of the euro, the future of the dollar, and related topics. Globalizing Capital shows how these and other recent developments can be put in perspective only once their political and historical contexts are understood. Call Number: HB501 .B372 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0300109415.YaleUniversityPress,321p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2007 Imagine this: a mere century ago, the purchasing power of an average American was one-tenth of what it is today. But what will it take to sustain that growth through the next century? And what can be said about economic growth to aspiring nations seeking higher standards of living for their citizens? In this important book, William J. Baumol, Robert E. Litan, and Carl J. Schramm contend that the answers to these questions lie within capitalist economies, though many observers make the mistake of believing that “capitalism” is of a single kind. Writing in an accessible style, the authors dispel that myth, documenting four different varieties of capitalism, some “Good” and some “Bad” for growth. The authors identify the conditions that characterize Good Capitalism—the right blend of entrepreneurial and established firms, which can vary among countries—as well as the features of Bad Capitalism. They examine how countries catching up to the United States can move faster toward the economic frontier, while laying out the need for the United States itself to stick to and reinforce the recipe for growth that has enabled it to be the leading economic force in the world. This pathbreaking book is a must read for anyone who cares about global growth and how to ensure America’s economic future. Call Number: HB75 .N347 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780684872988. Simon & Schuster, 558 p., $35.00 Publication Date: 2011 In a sweeping narrative, the author of the megabestseller A Beautiful Mind takes us on a journey through modern history with the men and women who changed the lives of every single person on the planet. It’s the epic story of the making of modern economics, and of how economics rescued mankind from squalor and deprivation by placing its material fate in its own hands rather than in Fate. Nasar’s account begins with Charles Dickens and Henry Mayhew observing and publishing the condition of the poor majority in mid-nineteenth-century London, the richest and most glittering place in the world. This was a new pursuit. She describes the often heroic efforts of Marx, Engels, Alfred Marshall, Beatrice and Sydney Webb, and the American Irving Fisher to put those insights into action—with revolutionary consequences for the world. From the great John Maynard Keynes to Schumpeter, Hayek, Keynes’s disciple Joan Robinson, the influential American economists Paul Samuelson and Milton Freedman, and India’s Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen, she shows how the insights of these activist thinkers transformed the world—from one city, London, to the developed nations in Europe and America, and now to the entire planet. In Nasar’s dramatic narrative of these discoverers we witness men and women responding to personal crises, world wars, revolutions, economic upheavals, and each other’s ideas to turn back Malthus and transform the dismal science into a triumph over mankind’s hitherto age-old destiny of misery and early death. This idea, unimaginable less than 200 years ago, is a story of trial and error, but ultimately transcendent, as it is rendered here in a stunning and moving narrative. Call Number: HG538 .F858 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691137940.PrincetonUniversityPress,265p.$19.95 Publication Date: 2008 Friedman and Schwartz's A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960, published in 1963, stands as one of the most influential economics books of the twentieth century. A landmark achievement, the book marshaled massive historical data and sharp analytics to support the claim that monetary policy—steady control of the money supply—matters profoundly in the management of the nation's economy, especially in navigating serious economic fluctuations. The chapter entitled "The Great Contraction, 1929-33" addressed the central economic event of the century, the Great Depression. Published as a stand-alone paperback in 1965, The Great Contraction, 1929-1933 argued that the Federal Reserve could have stemmed the severity of the Depression, but failed to exercise its role of managing the monetary system and ameliorating banking panics. The book served as a clarion call to the monetarist school of thought by emphasizing the importance of the money supply in the functioning of the economy—a concept that has come to inform the actions of central banks worldwide. This edition of the original text includes a new preface by Anna Jacobson Schwartz, as well as a new introduction by the economist Peter Bernstein. It also reprints comments from the current Federal Reserve chairman, Ben Bernanke, originally made on the occasion of Milton Friedman's 90th birthday, on the enduring influence of Friedman and Schwartz's work and vision. The Great Divide: Unequal Societies and What We Can Do About Them by Joseph E. Stiglitz Call Number: HC110.I5 S8667 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780393248579 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2015. In The Great Divide, Joseph E. Stiglitz expands on the diagnosis he offered in his best-selling book The Price of Inequality and suggests ways to counter America's growing problem. With his signature blend of clarity and passion, Stiglitz argues that inequality is a choice--the cumulative result of unjust policies and misguided priorities.Gathering his writings for popular outlets including Vanity Fair and the New York Times, Stiglitz exposes in full America's inequality: its dimensions, its causes, and its consequences for the nation and for the world. From Reagan-era to the Great Recession and its long aftermath, Stiglitz delves into the irresponsible policies--deregulation, tax cuts, and tax breaks for the 1 percent--that are leaving many Americans farther and farther beyond and turning the American dream into an ever more unachievable myth. With formidable yet accessible economic insight, he urges us to embrace real solutions: increasing taxes on corporations and the wealthy; offering more help to the children of the poor; investing in education, science, and infrastructure; helping out homeowners instead of banks; and, most importantly, doing more to restore the economy to full employment. Stiglitz also draws lessons from Scandinavia, Singapore, and Japan, and he argues against the tide of unnecessary, destructive austerity that is sweeping across Europe.Ultimately, Stiglitz believes our choice is not between growth and fairness; with the right policies, we can choose both. His complaint is not so much about capitalism as such, but how twenty-first-century capitalism has been perverted. His is a call to confront America's economic inequality as the political and moral issue that it is. If we reinvest in people and pursue the other policies that he describes, America can live up to the shared dream of a more prosperous, more equal society. ISBN: 9780691153544.PrincetonUniversityPress,376p. Publication Date: 2013 In The Great Escape, Angus Deaton--one of the foremost experts on economic development and on poverty--tells the remarkable story of how, starting 250 years ago, some parts of the world began to experience sustained progress, opening up gaps and setting the stage for today's hugely unequal world. Deaton takes an in-depth look at the historical and ongoing patterns behind the health and wealth of nations, and he addresses what needs to be done to help those left behind. Deaton describes vast innovations and wrenching setbacks: the successes of antibiotics, pest control, vaccinations, and clean water on the one hand, and disastrous famines and the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the other. He examines the United States, a nation that has prospered but is today experiencing slower growth and increasing inequality. He also considers how economic growth in India and China has improved the lives of more than a billion people. Deaton argues that international aid has been ineffective and even harmful. He suggests alternative efforts--including reforming incentives to drug companies and lifting trade restrictions--that will allow the developing world to bring about its own Great Escape. Demonstrating how changes in health and living standards have transformed our lives, The Great Escape is a powerful guide to addressing the well-being of all nations. Call Number: HB3717 1929 .G32 (Library West) ISBN: HoughtonMifflin,212p. Publication Date: 1955 This work examines the 'gold-rush fantasy' in American psychology and describes its dire consequences. The Florida land boom, the operations of Insull, Kreuger and Hatry, and the Shandoah Corporation all come together in Galbraith's study of concerted human greed and folly. Reviewing Galbraith's classic examination of the 1929 financial collapse, The Atlantic Monthly said, "Economic writings are seldom notable for their entertainment value, but this book is. Galbraith's prose has grace and wit, and he distills a good deal of sardonic fun from the whopping errors of the nation's oracles and the wondrous antics of the financial community." Call Number: HB95 .B867 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674058132.HarvardUniversityPress, 303 p., $29.95 Publication Date: 2012 Just as today’s observers struggle to justify the workings of the free market in the wake of a global economic crisis, an earlier generation of economists revisited their worldviews following the Great Depression. The Great Persuasion is an intellectual history of that project. Angus Burgin traces the evolution of postwar economic thought in order to reconsider many of the most basic assumptions of our market-centered world. Conservatives often point to Friedrich Hayek as the most influential defender of the free market. By examining the work of such organizations as the Mont Pelerin Society, an international association founded by Hayek in 1947 and later led by Milton Friedman, Burgin reveals that Hayek and his colleagues were deeply conflicted about many of the enduring problems of capitalism. Far from adopting an uncompromising stance against the interventionist state, they developed a social philosophy that admitted significant constraints on the market. Postwar conservative thought was more dynamic and cosmopolitan than has previously been understood. It was only in the 1960s and ’70s that Friedman and his contemporaries developed a more strident defense of the unfettered market. Their arguments provided a rhetorical foundation for the resurgent conservatism of Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan and inspired much of the political and economic agenda of the United States in the ensuing decades. Burgin’s brilliant inquiry uncovers both the origins of the contemporary enthusiasm for the free market and the moral quandaries it has left behind. Call Number: HF1014 .P46 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary and Library West) ISBN: 9780691158686.PrincetonUniversityPress,219p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2013 China's economic growth is sputtering, the Euro is under threat, and the United States is combating serious trade disadvantages. Michael Pettis argues that we are undergoing a critical rebalancing of the world economies. He shows that severe trade imbalances spurred on the recent financial crisis and were the result of unfortunate policies that distorted the savings and consumption patterns of certain nations. Pettis examines the reasons behind these destabilizing policies, and he predicts severe economic dislocations--a lost decade for China, the breaking of the Euro, and a receding of the U.S. dollar--that will have long-lasting effects. Pettis explains how China has maintained massive--but unsustainable--investment growth by artificially lowering the cost of capital. He discusses how Germany is endangering the Euro by favoring its own development at the expense of its neighbors. And he looks at how the U.S. dollar's role as the world's reserve currency burdens America's economy. Although various imbalances may seem unrelated, Pettis shows that all of them--including the U.S. consumption binge, surging debt in Europe, China's investment orgy, Japan's long stagnation, and the commodity boom in Latin America--are closely tied together, and that it will be impossible to resolve any issue without forcing a resolution for all. Demonstrating how economic policies can carry negative repercussions the world over, The Great Rebalancing sheds urgent light on our globally linked economic future. Call Number: HC106.83.C694 2011(Library West) ISBN: 9780525952718. Dutton, 109 p. $12.95 Publication Date: 2011 Tyler Cowen's The Great Stagnation, the eSpecial heard round the world that ignited a firestorm of debate and redefined the nature of our economic malaise, is now-at last-a book. America has been through the biggest financial crisis since the great Depression, unemployment numbers are frightening, media wages have been flat since the 1970s, and it is common to expect that things will get worse before they get better. Certainly, the multidecade stagnation is not yet over. How will we get out of this mess? One political party tries to increase government spending even when we have no good plan for paying for ballooning programs like Medicare and Social Security. The other party seems to think tax cuts will raise revenue and has a record of creating bigger fiscal disasters that the first. Where does this madness come from? As Cowen argues, our economy has enjoyed low-hanging fruit since the seventeenth century: free land, immigrant labor, and powerful new technologies. But during the last forty years, the low-hanging fruit started disappearing, and we started pretending it was still there. We have failed to recognize that we are at a technological plateau. The fruit trees are barer than we want to believe. That's it. That is what has gone wrong and that is why our politics is crazy. Cowen reveals the underlying causes of our past prosperity and how we will generate it again. This is a passionate call for a new respect of scientific innovations that benefit not only the powerful elites, but humanity as a whole. Call Number: H62 .T465 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262515894. 2nd edition, MIT Press, 166 p. $22.00 Publication Date: 2011 This book is an invaluable handbook for young economists working on their dissertations, preparing their first articles for submission to professional journals, getting ready for their first presentations at conferences and job seminars, or undertaking their first refereeing assignments. In clear, concise language--a model in itself--William Thomson describes how to make written and oral presentations both engaging and efficient. Declaring "I would certainly take up arms for clarity, simplicity, and unity," Thomson covers the basics of clear exposition, including such nuts-and-bolts topics as titling papers, writing abstracts, presenting research results, and holding an audience's attention. This second edition features a substantial new chapter, "Being a Graduate Student in Economics," that offers guidance on such essential topics as the manners and mores of graduate school life, financial support, selecting an advisor, and navigating the job market. The chapter on giving talks has been rewritten to reflect the widespread use of presentation software, and new material has been added to the chapter on writing papers. Call Number: HB139 .K45 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9781405182584.6theditionBlackwellPub.,585p.$44.95 Publication Date: 2008 A Guide to Econometrics has established itself as a preferred text for teachers and students throughout the world. It provides an overview of the subject and an intuitive feel for its concepts and techniques without the notation and technical detail that characterize most econometrics textbooks. The sixth edition has two major additions, a chapter on panel data and an innovative chapter on applied econometrics. Existing chapters have been revised and updated extensively, particularly the specification chapter (to coordinate with the applied econometrics chapter), the qualitative dependent variables chapter (to better explain the difference between multinomial and conditional logit), the limited dependent variables chapter (to provide a better interpretation of Tobit estimation), and the time series chapter (to incorporate the vector autoregression discussion from the simultaneous equations chapter and to explain more fully estimation of vector error correction models). Several new exercises have been added, some of which form new sections on bootstrapping and on applied econometrics. Call Number: HB74.5 .H43 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781849804431. Edward Elgar, 410 p., $37.00 Publication Date: 2011 The testimonies recorded here provide a great insight into the minds of some of the most popular and successful to have graced a lecture hall. The range of styles is wide, but the theme of inspiration is common to all. Call Number: HB95 .M43 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691122960.PrincetonUniversityPress,230p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2009 Adam Smith turned economic theory on its head in 1776 when he declared that the pursuit of self-interest mediated by the market itself - not by government - led, via an invisible hand, to the greatest possible welfare for society as a whole. "The Hesitant Hand" examines how subsequent economic thinkers have challenged or reaffirmed Smith's doctrine, some contending that society needs government to intervene on its behalf when the marketplace falters, others arguing that government interference ultimately benefits neither the market nor society. Steven Medema explores what has been perhaps the central controversy in modern economics from Smith to today. He traces the theory of market failure from the 1840s through the 1950s and subsequent attacks on this view by the Chicago and Virginia schools. Medema follows the debate from John Stuart Mill through the Cambridge welfare tradition of Henry Sidgwick, Alfred Marshall, and A. C. Pigou, and looks at Ronald Coase's challenge to the Cambridge approach and the rise of critiques affirming Smith's doctrine anew. He shows how, following the marginal revolution, neoclassical economists, like the preclassical theorists before Smith, believed government can mitigate the adverse consequences of self-interested behavior, yet how the backlash against this view, led by the Chicago and Virginia schools, demonstrated that self-interest can also impact government, leaving society with a choice among imperfect alternatives. "The Hesitant Hand" demonstrates how government's economic role continues to be bound up in questions about the effects of self-interest on the greater good. Call Number: HB75 .S456 (Storage Auxillary) ISBN: OxfordUniversityPress,1260p.$162.00 Publication Date: 1954 At the time of his death in 1950, Joseph Schumpeter was working on his monumental "History of Economic Analysis" . Unprecedented in scope, the book was to provide a complete history of economic theory from Ancient Greece to the end of World War II. A major contribution to the history of ideas as well as to economics, "History of Economic Analysis" rapidly gained a reputation as a unique and classic work. Topics addressed include the techniques of economic analysis, contemporaneous developments in other sciences and the sociology of economics. This inclusiveness extends to the periods and individuals who figure in the book. As well as dealing with all of the major economists from Adam Smith to Maynard Keynes, the book considers the economic writings of Plato and Aristotle, of the Medieval Scholastics and of the major European economists. Throughout, Schumpeter perceived economics as a human science. Call Number: HC103.W34 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780324786620.11thedition,SouthWesternCengageLearning,624p.$186.95 Publication Date: 2010 Tying America's past to the economic policies of today and beyond, HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY 11e presents events chronologically for easy understanding. Get a firm foundation in the evolution of the American economy with this ever-popular classic. Hive Mind: How Your Nation's IQ Matters So Much More Than Your Own by Garett Jones Call Number: BF431 .J596 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780804785969 Publication Date: Stanford, 2016. $29.95 Over the last few decades, economists and psychologists have quietly documented the many ways in which a person's IQ matters. But, research suggests that a nation's IQ matters so much more.As Garett Jones argues in Hive Mind, modest differences in national IQ can explain most cross-country inequalities. Whereas IQ scores do a moderately good job of predicting individual wages, information processing power, and brain size, a country's average score is a much stronger bellwether of its overall prosperity. Drawing on an expansive array of research from psychology, economics, management, and political science, Jones argues that intelligence and cognitive skill are significantly more important on a national level than on an individual one because they have "positive spillovers." On average, people who do better on standardized tests are more patient, more cooperative, and have better memories. As a result, these qualities--and others necessary to take on the complexity of a modern economy--become more prevalent in a society as national test scores rise. What's more, when we are surrounded by slightly more patient, informed, and cooperative neighbors we take on these qualities a bit more ourselves. In other words, the worker bees in every nation create a "hive mind" with a power all its own. Once the hive is established, each individual has only a tiny impact on his or her own life. Jones makes the case that, through better nutrition and schooling, we can raise IQ, thereby fostering higher savings rates, more productive teams, and more effective bureaucracies. After demonstrating how test scores that matter little for individuals can mean a world of difference for nations, the book leaves readers with policy-oriented conclusions and hopeful speculation: Whether we lift up the bottom through changing the nature of work, institutional improvements, or freer immigration, it is possible that this period of massive global inequality will be a short season by the standards of human history if we raise our global IQ. Homer Economicus: The Simpsons and Economics by Joshua Hall (Editor) Call Number: HB172 .H66 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780804791717. Stanford, $24.95 Publication Date: 2014 In Homer Economicus a cast of lively contributors takes a field trip to Springfield, where the Simpsons reveal that economics is everywhere. By exploring the hometown of television's first family, this book provides readers with the economic tools and insights to guide them at work, at home, and at the ballot box. Since The Simpsons centers on the daily lives of the Simpson family and its colorful neighbors, three opening chapters focus on individual behavior and decision-making, introducing readers to the economic way of thinking about the world. Part II guides readers through six chapters on money, markets, and government. A third and final section discusses timely topics in applied microeconomics, including immigration, gambling, and health care as seen in The Simpsons. Reinforcing the nuts and bolts laid out in any principles text in an entertaining and culturally relevant way, this book is an excellent teaching resource that will also be at home on the bookshelf of an avid reader of pop economics. Call Number: HB3743 .M53 2014 (Library West, Forthcoming Order) ISBN: 9780226081946.UniversityofChicagoPress. Publication Date: 2014-05-12 The Great American Recession resulted in the loss of eight million jobs between 2007 and 2009. More than four million homes were lost to foreclosures. Is it a coincidence that the United States witnessed a dramatic rise in household debt in the years before the recession;that the total amount of debt for American households doubled between 2000 and 2007 to $14 trillion? Definitely not. Atif Mian and Amir Sufi reveal how the Great Recession and Great Depression, as well as the current economic malaise in Europe, were caused by a large run-up in household debt followed by a significantly large drop in household spending. Though the banking crisis captured the public’s attention, Mian and Sufi argue strongly with actual data that current policy is too heavily biased toward protecting banks and creditors. Increasing the flow of credit, they show, is disastrously counterproductive when the fundamental problem is too much debt. As their research shows, excessive household debt leads to foreclosures, causing individuals to spend less and save more. Less spending means less demand for goods, followed by declines in production and huge job losses. How do we end such a cycle? With a direct attack on debt, say Mian and Sufi. More aggressive debt forgiveness after the crash helps, but we can be rid of painful bubble-and-bust episodes only if the financial system moves away from its reliance on inflexible debt contracts. House of Debt offers convincing answers to some of the most important questions facing the modern economy today. How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life: An Unexpected Guide to Human Nature and Happiness by Russ Roberts Call Number: BJ1005.S6453R63 2014 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781591846840 Publication Date: Portfolio Penguin, 2014. $27.95 A forgotten book by one of history's greatest thinkers reveals the surprising connections between happiness, virtue, fame, and fortune. Adam Smith may have become the patron saint of capitalism after he penned his most famous work, The Wealth of Nations. But few people know that when it came to the behavior of individuals—the way we perceive ourselves, the way we treat others, and the decisions we make in pursuit of happiness—the Scottish philosopher had just as much to say. He developed his ideas on human nature in an epic, sprawling work titled The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Most economists have never read it, and for most of his life, Russ Roberts was no exception. But when he finally picked up the book by the founder of his field, he realized he’d stumbled upon what might be the greatest self-help book that almost no one has read. In How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life, Roberts examines Smith’s forgotten masterpiece, and finds a treasure trove of timeless, practical wisdom. Smith’s insights into human nature are just as relevant today as they were three hundred years ago. What does it take to be truly happy? Should we pursue fame and fortune or the respect of our friends and family? How can we make the world a better place? Smith’s unexpected answers, framed within the rich context of current events, literature, history, and pop culture, are at once profound, counterintuitive, and highly entertaining. By reinvigorating Smith’s neglected classic, Roberts provides us with an invaluable look at human behavior through the lens of one of history’s greatest minds. Call Number: HB3722 .C37 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780374173203.Farrar,StrausandGiroux,390p.$28.00 Publication Date: 2009 In How Markets Fail, John Cassidy describes the rising influence of what he calls utopian economics—thinking that is blind to how real people act and that denies the many ways an unregulated free market can produce disastrous unintended consequences. He then looks to the leading edge of economic theory, including behavioral economics, to offer a new understanding of the economy—one that casts aside the old assumption that people and firms make decisions purely on the basis of rational self-interest. Taking the global financial crisis and current recession as his starting point, Cassidy explores a world in which everybody is connected and social contagion is the norm. In such an environment, he shows, individual behavioral biases and kinks—overconfidence, envy, copycat behavior, and myopia—often give rise to troubling macroeconomic phenomena, such as oil price spikes, CEO greed cycles, and boom-and-bust waves in the housing market. These are the inevitable outcomes of what Cassidy refers to as “rational irrationality”—self-serving behavior in a modern market setting. Combining on-the-ground reporting, clear explanations ofesoteric economic theories, and even a little crystal-ball gazing, Cassidy warns that in today’s economic crisis, conforming to antiquated orthodoxies isn’t just misguided—it’s downright dangerous. How Markets Fail offers a new, enlightening way to understand the force of the irrational in our volatile global economy. Call Number: HB95 .F37 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780195397918.OxfordUniversityPress,208p.$22.95 Publication Date: 2010 "Of all the economic bubbles that have been pricked," the editors of The Economist recently observed, "few have burst more spectacularly than the reputation of economics itself." Indeed, the financial crisis that crested in 2008 destroyed the credibility of the economic thinking that had guided policymakers for a generation. But what will take its place? In How the Economy Works, one of our leading economists provides a jargon-free exploration of the current crisis, offering a powerful argument for how economics must change to get us out of it. Roger E. A. Farmer traces the swings between classical and Keynesian economics since the early twentieth century, gracefully explaining the elements of both theories. During the Great Depression, Keynes challenged the longstanding idea that an economy was a self-correcting mechanism; but his school gave way to a resurgence of classical economics in the 1970s—a rise that ended with the current crisis. Rather than simply allowing the pendulum to swing back, Farmer writes, we must synthesize the two. From classical economics, he takes the idea that a sound theory must explain how individuals behave—how our collective choices shape the economy. From Keynesian economics, he adopts the principle that markets do not always work well, that capitalism needs some guidance. The goal, he writes, is to correct the excesses of a free-market economy without stifling entrepreneurship and instituting central planning. Recent events have shown that we cannot afford to treat economics as an ivory-tower abstraction. It has a direct impact on our lives by guiding regulators and policymakers as they make decisions with far-reaching practicalconsequences. Written in clear, accessible language, How the Economy Works makes an argument that no one should ignore. Hubris: Why Economists Failed to Predict the Crisis and How to Avoid the Next One by Meghnad Desai Call Number: (Library West, Forthcoming Order) ISBN: 9780300213546 Publication Date: Yale, 2015. $28.00 The failure of economists to anticipate the global financial crisis and mitigate the impact of the ensuing recession has spurred a public outcry. Economists are under fire, but questions concerning exactly how to redeem the discipline remain unanswered. In this provocative book, renowned economist Meghnad Desai investigates the evolution of economics and maps its trajectory against the occurrence of major political events to provide a definitive answer.   Desai underscores the contribution of hubris to economists' calamitous lack of foresight, and he makes a persuasive case for the profession to re-engage with the history of economic thought. He dismisses the notion that one over-arching paradigm can resolve all economic eventualities while urging that an array of already-available theories and approaches be considered anew for the insights they may provide toward preventing future economic catastrophes. With an accessible style and keen common sense, Desai offers a fresh perspective on some of the most important economic issues of our time. Economic Books: I - K Identity Economics: How our Identities Shape our Work, Wages, and Well-Being by by George A. Akerlof and Rachel E. Kranton Call Number: HB74.P8 A4944 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691146485.PrincetonUniversityPress,185p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2010 In 1995, economist Rachel Kranton wrote future Nobel Prize-winner George Akerlof a letter insisting that his most recent paper was wrong. Identity, she argued, was the missing element that would help to explain why people—facing the same economic circumstances—would make different choices. This was the beginning of a fourteen-year collaboration—and of Identity Economics. Identity economics is a new way to understand people's decisions—at work, at school, and at home. With it, we can better appreciate why incentives like stock options work or don't; why some schools succeed and others don't; why some cities and towns don't invest in their futures—and much, much more. Identity Economics bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save. Thus people's identity—their conception of who they are, and of who they choose to be—may be the most important factor affecting their economic lives. And the limits placed by society on people's identity can also be crucial determinants of their economic well-being. Call Number: HF1359 .B499 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0195170253.OxfordUniversityPress,308p.$28.00 Publication Date: 2004 In the passionate debate that currently rages over globalization, critics have been heard blaming it for a host of ills afflicting poorer nations, everything from child labor to environmental degradation and cultural homogenization. Now Jagdish Bhagwati, the internationally renowned economist, takes on the critics, revealing that globalization, when properly governed, is in fact the most powerful force for social good in the world today. Drawing on his unparalleled knowledge of international and development economics, Bhagwati explains why the "gotcha" examples of the critics are often not as compelling as they seem. With the wit and wisdom for which he is renowned, Bhagwati convincingly shows that globalization is part of the solution, not part of the problem. This edition features a new afterword by the author, in which he counters recent writings by prominent journalist Thomas Friedman and the Nobel Laureate economist Paul Samuelson and argues that current anxieties about the economic implications of globalization are just as unfounded as were the concerns about its social effects. Inequality: What can Be Done? by Anthony B. Atkinson Call Number: HC79.I5 A822 2015 (Library West, Forthcoming Order) ISBN: 9780674504769 Publication Date: Harvard, 2015. Inequality is one of our most urgent social problems. Curbed in the decades after World War II, it has recently returned with a vengeance. We all know the scale of the problemâe"talk about the 99% and the 1% is entrenched in public debateâe"but there has been little discussion of what we can do but despair. According to the distinguished economist Anthony Atkinson, however, we can do much more than skeptics imagine. Atkinson has long been at the forefront of research on inequality, and brings his theoretical and practical experience to bear on its diverse problems. He presents a comprehensive set of policies that could bring about a genuine shift in the distribution of income in developed countries. The problem, Atkinson shows, is not simply that the rich are getting richer. We are also failing to tackle poverty, and the economy is rapidly changing to leave the majority of people behind. To reduce inequality, we have to go beyond placing new taxes on the wealthy to fund existing programs. We need fresh ideas. Atkinson thus recommends ambitious new policies in five areas: technology, employment, social security, the sharing of capital, and taxation. He defends these against the common arguments and excuses for inaction: that intervention will shrink the economy, that globalization makes action impossible, and that new policies cannot be afforded. More than just a program for change, Atkinsonâe(tm)s book is a voice of hope and informed optimism about the possibilities for political action. Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know by James K. Galbraith Call Number: HM821 .G35 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780190250478 Publication Date: Oxford, 2016. $16.95 Over the past thirty years, the issue of economic inequality has emerged from the backwaters of economics to claim center stage in the political discourse of America and beyond - a change prompted by a troubling fact: numerous measures of income inequality, especially in the United States inthe last quarter of the twentieth century, have risen sharply in recent years. Even so, many people remain confused about what, exactly, politicians and media persons mean when they discuss inequality. What does "economic inequality" mean? How is it measured? Why should we care? Why did inequalityrise in the United States? Is rising inequality an inevitable feature of capitalism? What should we do about it? Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know takes up these questions and more in plain and clear language, bringing to life one of the great economic and political debates of our age. Inequality expert James K. Galbraith has compiled the latest economic research on inequality and explains his findingsin a way that everyone can understand. He offers a comprehensive introduction to the study of economic inequality, including its philosophical and theoretical origins, the variety of concepts in wide use, empirical measures and their advantages and disadvantages, competing modern theories of thecauses and effects of rising inequality in the United States and worldwide, and a range of policy measures.The topic of economic inequality is going to become only more important as we approach the 2016 presidential elections. This latest addition to the popular What Everyone Needs to Know series from Oxford University Press will tell you everything you need to know to make informed opinions on thissignificant issue. Call Number: HC79.I55 S53 1999 e-book (netLibrary) Library West and the Legal Information Center ISBN: 087584863X.HarvardBusinessSchoolPress,352p.$29.95 Publication Date: 1999 Information Goods -- from movies and music to software code and stock quotes - have supplanted industrial goods as the key drivers of world markets. Confronted by this New Economy, many instinctively react by searching for a corresponding New Economics to guide their business decisions. Executives charged with rolling out cutting-edge software products or on-line versions of their magazines are tempted to abandon the classic lessons of economics, and rely instead on an ever changing roster of trends, buzzwords, and analogies that promise to guide strategy in the information age. Not so fast, say authors Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian. In Information Rules they warn managers, "Ignore basic economic principles at your own risk. Technology changes. Economic laws do not." Understanding these laws and their relevance to information goods is critical when fashioning today's successful competitive strategies. Information Rules introduces and explains the economic concepts needed to navigate the evolving network economy. Information Rules will help business leaders and policy makers - from executives in the entertainment, publishing, hardware, and software industries to lawyers, finance professionals, and writers -- make intelligent decisions about their information assets. The Inner Lives of Markets: How People Shape Them and They Shape Us by Tim Sullivan; Ray Fisman Call Number: HB171 .F545 2016 (Library West) ISBN: 9781610394925 Publication Date: Public Affairs, 2016. $25.99 America's economic revolution isn't just driven by technology. It's about markets. The past twenty-five years have witnessed a remarkable shift in how we get the stuff we want. If you’ve ever owned a business, rented an apartment, or shopped online, you've had a front-row seat for this revolution-in-progress. Breakthrough companies like Amazon and Uber have disrupted the old ways and made the economy work better--all thanks to technology. At least that's how the story of the modern economy is usually told. But in this lucid, wry book, Ray Fisman and Tim Sullivan show that the revolution is bigger than tech: it is really a story about the transformation of markets. From the auction theories that power Google's ad sales algorithms to the models that online retailers use to prevent internet fraud, even the most high-tech modern businesses are empowered by theory first envisioned by economists. And we're all participants in this revolution. Every time you book a room on Airbnb, hire a car on Lyft, or click on an ad, you too are reshaping our social institutions and our lives.The Inner Lives of Markets is necessary reading for the modern world: it reveals the blueprint for how we work, live, and shop, and offers wisdom for how to do it better. Call Number: HB161 .S646 1976 (Library West) ISBN: 0198281846.2Vols,ClarendonPress,1080p. Publication Date: 1976 First published in 1776, the year in which the American Revolution officially began, Smith's "Wealth of Nations" sparked a revolution of its own. In it Smith analyzes the major elements of political economy, from market pricing and the division of labour to monetary, tax, trade and other government policies that affect economic behaviour. Throughout he offers seminal arguments for free trade, free markets and limited government. Criticizing mercantilists who sought to use the state to increase their nations' supply of precious metals, Smith points out that a nation's wealth should be measured by the well-being of its people. Prosperity in turn requires voluntary exchange of goods in a peaceful, well-ordered market. How to establish and maintain such markets? For Smith the answer lay in man's social instincts, which government may encourage by upholding social standards of decency, honesty and virtue, but which government undermines when it unduly interferes with the intrinsically private functions of production and exchange. Social and economic order arise from the natural desires to better one's (and one's family's) lot and to gain the praise and avoid the censure of one's neighbours and business associates. Individuals behave decently and honestly because it gives them a clear conscience as well as the good reputation necessary for public approbation and sustained, profitable business relations. Call Number: HB76 .I57 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9781405157155.BlackwellPub.,419p.$74.95 Publication Date: 2007 By focusing on the human side as well as the intellectual dimensions of how economists work and think, this collection of interviews with top economists of the 20th century becomes a startling and lively introduction to the modern world of macroeconomics. It is a fun read! Acclaim for "Inside the Economist's Mind" - 'In candid interviews, these great economists prove to be fabulous story tellers of their lives and times. Unendingly gripping for insiders, this book should also help non-specialists understand how economists think' - Professor Julio Rotemberg, Harvard University Business School, and Editor, "Review of Economics and Statistics". 'Economics used to be called the 'dismal science'. It will be impossible for anybody to hold that view anymore ...This is science with flesh and blood, and a lot of fascinating stories that you will find nowhere else' - Dr. Jean-Pascal Benassy, Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques, Paris, France. 'This book provides a rare and intriguing view of the personal and professional lives of leading economists ...It is like A Beautiful Mind, scaled by a factor of 16 [the number of interviews in the book]' - Professor Lee Ohanian, University of California at Los Angeles. " ...if you want an insider view of how economics has been developing in the last decades, this is the (only) book for you' - Professor Giancarlo Gandolfo, University of Rome 'La Sapienza,' Rome. 'Here we see the HUMAN side of path-breaking research, the personalities and pitfalls, the DRAMA behind the science' - Professor Francis X. Diebold, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Call Number: HG501 .A95 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262012492.MITPress,203p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2009 Stephen Axilrod is the ultimate Federal Reserve insider. He worked at the Fed's Board of Governors for over thirty years and after that in private markets and as a consultant on monetary policy. With Inside the Fed, he offers his unique perspective on the inner workings of the Federal Reserve System during the last fifty years—writing about personalities as much as policy—based on his knowledge and observations of every Fed chairman since 1951. Axilrod's discussion focuses on how the personalities of the various chairmen affected their capacity for leadership. He describes, for example, Arthur Burns's response to political pressure from the Nixon White House and Paul Volcker's radical shift to an anti-inflationary policy at the end of the 1970s—a transition in which Axilrod himself played a crucial role. As for the Greenspan years, Axilrod points to the unintended effects of the Fed's newfound "garrulousness" (the plethora of announcements and hints about policy intentions)—one of which was the Fed's loss of credibility in the aftermath of the chairman's 1996 comment about "irrational exuberance." And Axilrod incisively outlines the problems—including the subprime mess—inherited from Greenspan by the current chairman, Ben Bernanke. Great leadership in monetary policy, Axilrod says, is determined not by pure economic sophistication but by the ability to push through political and social barriers to achieve a paradigm shift in policy—and by the courage and bureaucratic moxie to pull it off. Call Number: HD53 .K37 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521763264.Cambridge,368p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2010 There is arguably no award more recognized in the academic and professional worlds than the Nobel Prize. The public pays attention to the prizes in the fields of economics, literature, and peace because their recipients are identified with particular ideas, concepts, or actions that often resonate with or sometimes surprise a global audience. The Nobel Prize in Economic Science established by the Bank of Sweden in 1969 has been granted to 64 individuals. Thomas Karier explores the core ideas of the economic theorists whose work led to their being awarded the Nobel in its first 40 years. He also discusses the assumptions and values that underlie their economic theories, revealing different and controversial features of the content and methods of the discipline. The Nobelists include Keynesians, monetarists, financial economists, behaviorists, historians, statisticians, mathematicians, game theorists, and other innovators. Rich in biographical details, illuminating the modern history of the discipline as a whole, Intellectual Capital allows an audience of lay and professional readers to readily understand the notions that define modern economic science and practice. It pointedly asks, and answers, whether the prizes have been awarded to those economists "who have during the previous year rendered the greatest service to mankind. Call Number: HB172 .V34 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393934243.8thedition,W.W.Norton&Company,739p.$178.95 Publication Date: 2010 For over 20 years Hal Varian’s Intermediate Microeconomics has given students the most current and complete coverage of intermediate microeconomics at an appropriate mathematical level. The Eighth Edition includes contemporary case studies and examples and relevant coverage of the current economic crisis—all in focused, lecture-length chapters. Call Number: HG501 .A95 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262015622. Revised edition, MIT Press, 2011. 225 p. $24.95 Stephen Axilrod is the ultimate Federal Reserve insider. He worked at the Fed's Board of Governors for more than thirty years and after that in private markets and as a consultant on monetary policy. With Inside the Fed, he offers his unique perspective on the inner workings of the Federal Reserve System during the last fifty years—writing about personalities as much as policy—based on his knowledge and observations of every Fed chairman since 1951. This new,post-financial meltdown edition offers his assessment of the Fed's action (and inaction) during the crisis and expanded coverage of the Fed in the Bernanke era. In this revised edition, Axilrod gives an account of the Fed's dramatic, even mind-bending, experiences in the great credit crisis of 2007-2009. He assesses the full range of the Fed's unusual and innovative actions during the crisis and the beginnings of its aftermath. He questions whether the Fed used its monetary and regulatory powers to full effect to minimize and contain the disruption of the nation's—and the world's—financial stability. And, in an entirely new chapter, he evaluates Bernanke's performance through his full first term (as well as the early part of his second) in light of his actions during the crisis. In later chapters he also reevaluates the image, stature, and structure of the Fed in the aftermath of the crisis and the new comprehensive financial legislation subsequently enacted.Great leadership in monetary policy, Axilrod says, is determined not by pure economic sophistication but by the ability to push through political and social barriers to achieve a paradigm shift in policy—and by the courage and bureaucratic moxie to pull it off. Call Number: HD53 .K583 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781594035272. Encounter Books, $16.95 Publication Date: 2011 The discipline of economics is not what it used to be. Over the last few decades, economists have begun a revolutionary reorientation in how we look at the world, and this has major implications for politics, policy, and our everyday lives. For years, conventional economists told us an incomplete story that leaned on the comfortable precision of mathematical abstraction and ignored the complexity of the real world with all of its uncertainties, unknowns, and ongoing evolution. What economists left out of the story were the positive forces of creativity, innovation, and advancing technology that propel economies forward. Economists did not describe the dynamic process that leads to new pharmaceuticals, cell phones, Web-based information services-forces that fundamentally alter how we live our daily lives. Economists also left out the negative forces that can hold economies back: bad governance, counterproductive social practices, and patterns of taking wealth instead of creating it. They took for granted secure property rights, honest public servants, and the willingness of individuals to experiment and adapt to novelty. From Poverty to Prosperity is not Tipping Point or Freakonomics. Those books offer a smorgasbord of fascinating findings in economics and sociology, but the findings are only loosely related. From Poverty to Prosperity on the other hand, tells a big picture story about the huge differences in the standard of living across time and across borders. It is a story that draws on research from the world's most important economists and eschews the conventional wisdom for a new, more inclusive, vision of the world and how it works. Call Number: HB171 .M4613 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781405183581.WileyBlackwell,334p.$34.95 Publication Date: 2009 "Invitation to Economics" empowers the reader to spot naive and spurious economic arguments by inculcating an intuitive 'feel' for economics. A unique and critical guide to understanding economic arguments in the media, this work focuses on microeconomics, specifically on the idea that economic policies often have important indirect effects. Key ideas are applied repeatedly in numerous case studies drawn from newspapers and other media. Economic principles are presented in an accessible and non-rigorous format using case studies. This work incorporates the value judgments and political judgments that underlie economic policies. Call Number: HG4910 .S457 2015 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9780691166261 Publication Date: Princeton, 2015. 3rd ed. In this revised, updated, and expanded edition of his New York Times bestseller, Nobel Prize–winning economist Robert Shiller, who warned of both the tech and housing bubbles, now cautions that signs of irrational exuberance among investors have only increased since the 2008–9 financial crisis. With high stock and bond prices in the United States, and rising housing prices in many countries, the post-subprime boom may well turn out to be another illustration of Shiller’s influential argument that psychologically driven volatility is an inherent characteristic of all asset markets. In other words, Irrational Exuberance is as relevant as ever. But Irrational Exuberance is about something far more important than the current situation in any given market because the book explains the forces that move all markets up and down. It shows how investor euphoria can drive asset prices up to dizzying and unsustainable heights, and how, at other times, investor discouragement can push prices down to very low levels. Previous editions covered the stock and housing markets—and famously predicted their crashes. This new edition expands its coverage to include the bond market, so that the book now addresses all of the major investment markets. This edition also includes updated data throughout, as well as Shiller’s 2013 Nobel Prize lecture, which puts the book in broader context. In addition to diagnosing the causes of asset bubbles, Irrational Exuberance recommends urgent policy changes to lessen their likelihood and severity—and suggests ways that individuals can decrease their risk before the next bubble bursts. No one whose future depends on a retirement account, a house, or other investments can afford not to read it. For more information, including new developments and regular data updates, please go to www.irrationalexuberance.com Jane Austen, Game Theorist by Michael Suk-you Chew Call Number: PR4038.G36 C49 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary and Library West) ISBN: 9780691155760.PrincetonUniversityPress.272p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2013 Game theory--the study of how people make choices while interacting with others--is one of the most popular technical approaches in social science today. But as Michael Chwe reveals in his insightful new book, Jane Austen explored game theory's core ideas in her six novels roughly two hundred years ago.Jane Austen, Game Theoristshows how this beloved writer theorized choice and preferences, prized strategic thinking, argued that jointly strategizing with a partner is the surest foundation for intimacy, and analyzed why superiors are often strategically clueless about inferiors. With a diverse range of literature and folktales, this book illustrates the wide relevance of game theory and how, fundamentally, we are all strategic thinkers. Although game theory's mathematical development began in the Cold War 1950s, Chwe finds that game theory has earlier subversive historical roots in Austen's novels and in "folk game theory" traditions, including African American folktales. Chwe makes the case that these literary forebears are game theory's true scientific predecessors. He considers how Austen in particular analyzed "cluelessness"--the conspicuous absence of strategic thinking--and how her sharp observations apply to a variety of situations, including U.S. military blunders in Iraq and Vietnam. Jane Austen, Game Theoristbrings together the study of literature and social science in an original and surprising way. Call Number: HB119.G33 P37 2005 (Library West) ISBN: 0374281688.Farrar,StrausandGiroux,820p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2005 John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) was one of America’s most famous economists for good reason. From his acerbic analysis of America’s “private wealth and public squalor” to his denunciation of the wars in Vietnam and Iraq, Galbraith consistently challenged “conventional wisdom” (a phrase he coined). He did so as a witty commentator on America’s political follies and as a versatile author of bestselling books—such as The Affluent Society and The New Industrial State—that warn of the dangers of deregulated markets, corporate greed, and inattention to the costs of our military power. Here, in the first full-length biography of Galbraith and his times, Richard Parker provides not only a nuanced portrait of this extraordinary man, but also an important reinterpretation of twentieth-century public policy and economic practices. Call Number: HB103.K47S55 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199591640.OxfordUniversityPress,2010.$11.95 Publication Date: 2010 John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) is a central thinker of the twentieth century, not just an economic theorist and statesman, but also in economics, philosophy, politics, and culture. In this Very Short Introduction Lord Skidelsky, a renowned biographer of Keynes, explores his ethical and practical philosophy, his monetary thought, and provides an insight into his life and works. In the recent financial crisis Keynes's theories have become more timely than ever, and remain at the centre ofpolitical and economic discussion. With a look at his major works and his contribution to twentieth-century economic thought, Skidelsky considers Keynes's legacy on today's society. Keynes: The Return of the Master by by Robert Jacob Alexander Skidelsky Call Number: HB99.7 .S58 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781586488277.PublicAffairs,256p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2009 The ideas of John Maynard Keynes have never been more timely. No one has bettered Keynes's description of the psychology of investors during a financial crisis: ‘The practice of calmness and immobility, of certainty and security, suddenly breaks down. New fears and hopes will, without warning, take charge of human conduct… the market will be subject to waves of optimistic and pessimistic sentiment.' Keynes's preeminent biographer, Robert Skidelsky, Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, brilliantly synthesizes from Keynes's career and life the aspects of his thinking that apply most directly to the world we currently live in. In so doing, Skidelsky shows that Keynes's mixture of pragmatism and realism – which distinguished his thinking from the neo-classical or Chicago school of economics that has been the dominant influence since the Thatcher-Reagan era and which made possible the raw market capitalism that created the current global financial crisis – is more pertinent and applicable than ever. Crucially Keynes offers nervous capitalists – and Keynes never wavered in his belief in the capitalist system – a positive answer to the question we now face: When unbridled capitalism falters, is there an alternative? "In the long run," as Keynes famously said, "we are all dead". We may not have time to wait for the perfect theoretical operation of capital as the neo-classicists insist will happen eventually. In the meantime, we have Keynes: more supple, more human and more magnificently real than ever. Call Number: HB95 .W25 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393077483.W.W.NortonandCo.,382p.,$28.95 Publication Date: 2011 As the stock market crash of 1929 plunged the world into turmoil, two men emerged with competing claims on how to restore balance to economies gone awry. John Maynard Keynes, the mercurial Cambridge economist, believed that government had a duty to spend when others would not. He met his opposite in a little-known Austrian economics professor, Freidrich Hayek, who considered attempts to intervene both pointless and potentially dangerous. The battle lines thus drawn, Keynesian economics would dominate for decades and coincide with an era of unprecedented prosperity, but conservative economists and political leaders would eventually embrace and execute Hayek's contrary vision. From their first face-to-face encounter to the heated arguments between their ardent disciples, Nicholas Wapshott here unearths the contemporary relevance of Keynes and Hayek, as present-day arguments over the virtues of the free market and government intervention rage with the same ferocity as they did in the 1930s. Call Number: HB103.K47 T49 2014 (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780262028318. MIT Press. 117 p. $24.95 Publication Date: 2014-09-12 As the global economic crisis continues to cause damage, some policy makers have called for a more Keynesian approach to current economic problems. In this book, the economists Peter Temin and David Vines provide an accessible introduction to Keynesian ideas that connects Keynes's insights to today's global economy and offers readers a way to understand current policy debates. John Maynard Keynes (1883--1946) created the branch of economics now known as macroeconomics. He played a major role in the reconstruction of Europe and the world economy after the Second World War. Keynesian economics came to be identified with efforts to mitigate the Great Depression and with postwar economic policies that helped power a golden age of economic growth. Temin and Vines argue that Keynes also provided a way to understand the interactions among nations, and therein lies his relevance for today's global crisis. Temin and Vines survey economic thinking before Keynes and explain how difficult it was for Keynes to escape from conventional wisdom. They set out the Keynesian analysis of a closed economy and expand the analysis to the international economy, using a few simple graphs to present Keynes's formal analyses in an accessible way. They discuss problems of today's world economy, showcasing the usefulness of a simple Keynesian approach to current economic policy choices. Keynesian ideas, they argue, can lay the basis for a return to economic growth. Call Number: HB137 .K36 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781451651201.Simon&Schuster, 287 p., $27.00 Publication Date: 2014 We are bombarded every day with numbers that tell us how we are doing, whether the economy is growing or shrinking, whether the future looks bright or dim. Gross national product, balance of trade, unemployment, inflation, and consumer confidence guide our actions, yet few of us know where these numbers come from or what they mean. In The Leading Indicators, Zachary Karabell tells the fascinating history of these indicators. They were invented in the mid-twentieth century to address the urgent challenges of the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. They were rough measures- designed to give clarity in a data-parched world that was made up of centralized, industrial nations-yet we still rely on them today. We live in a world shaped by information technology and the borderless flow of capital and goods. What is urgently needed, Karabell makes clear, is not that we invent a new set of numbers but that we tap into the thriving data revolution, which offers unparalleled access to the information we need. Companies should not base their business plans on GDP projections; individuals should not decide whether to buy a home or get a degree based on the national unemployment rate. If you want to buy a home, look for a job, start a company, or run a business, you should find your own indicators. National housing figures don't matter; local ones do. You can find them at the click of a button. Personal, made-to-order indicators will meet our needs today, and the revolution is well underway. We need only to join it. Call Number: HB76 .L58 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262027960 Publication Date: MIT, 2014. Lives of the Laureates offers readers an informal history of modern economic thought as told through autobiographical essays by twenty-three Nobel Prize laureates in Economics. The essays not only provide unique insights into major economic ideas of our time but also shed light on the processes of intellectual discovery and creativity. The accounts are accessible and engaging, achieving clarity without sacrificing inherently difficult content. This sixth edition adds four recent Nobelists to its pages: Eric Maskin, who illustrates his explanation of mechanism design with an example involving a mother, a cake, and two children; Joseph Stiglitz, who recounts his field's ideological wars linked to policy disputes; Paul Krugman, who describes the insights he gained from studying the model of the Capitol Hill Babysitting Coop (and the recession it suffered when more people wanted to accumulate babysitting coupons than redeem them); and Peter Diamond, who maps his development from student to teacher to policy analyst. Lives of the Laureates grows out of a continuing lecture series at Trinity University in San Antonio, which invites Nobelists from American universities to describe their evolution as economists in personal as well as technical terms. These lectures demonstrate the richness and diversity of contemporary economic thought. The reader will find that paths cross in unexpected ways--that disparate thinkers were often influenced by the same teachers -- and that luck as well as hard work plays a role in the process of scientific discovery. The LaureatesLawrence R. Klein - Kenneth J. Arrow - Paul A. Samuelson - Milton Friedman - George J. Stigler - James Tobin - Franco Modigliani - James M. Buchanan - Robert M. Solow - William F. Sharpe - Douglass C. North - Myron S. Scholes - Gary S. Becker - Robert E. Lucas, Jr. - James J. Heckman - Vernon L. Smith - Edward C. Prescott - Thomas C. Schelling - Edmund S. Phelps - Eric S. Maskin - Joseph E. Stiglitz - Paul Krugman - Peter A. Diamond Call Number: HG3000.L82 B3 1979b (Library West) ISBN: 0883556774.HyperionPress,[originallypublishedinLondonin1873].176p. Publication Date: 1979 Much of what we consider modern economics is the work of British journalist and economist Walter Bagehot, one of the first editors of the influential newspaper The Economist and an early proponent of business cycles. Here, he develops his theory of central banking, much of which continues to impact financial thinking today. First published in 1873, Lombard Street explores the history of London's Lombard Street, from how it came to be the traditional home of banks and moneylenders to how the value of money was determined by the institutions there. Joint stocks, private banking, and the regulation of the banking reserve: Bagehot's discussion of these fundamental economic issues makes this a vital resource for anyone wishing to understand financial history. WALTER BAGEHOT (1826-1877) also wrote The English Constitution (1867), Physics and Politics (1872), and The Postulates of English Political Economy (1885), among other works. Making Globalization Work by by Joseph E. Stiglitz Call Number: HF1359 .S753 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393061222.W.W.Norton&Co.,358p.$26.95 Publication Date: 2006 Four years after he outlined the challenges our increasingly interdependent world was facing in Globalization and Its Discontents, Joseph E. Stiglitz offered his agenda for reform. Now in paperback, Making Globalization Work offers inventive solutions to a host of problems, including the indebtedness of developing countries, international fiscal instability, and worldwide pollution. Stiglitz also argues for the reform of global financial institutions, trade agreements, and intellectual property laws, to make them better able to respond to the growing disparity between the richest and poorest countries. Now more than ever before, globalization has gathered the peoples of the world into one community, bringing with it a need to think and act globally. This trenchant, intellectually powerful book is an invaluable step in that process. This paperback edition contains a brand-new preface. Call Number: HB75 .C25 2003 (Library West) ISBN: 9812383247.4thedition,WorldScientificPub.,285p.$25.00 Publication Date: 2003 A classic returns. The third edition of The Making of Economics appeared in 1987. Now, in a major revision, Ray Canterbery brings the book right up to date with new chapters on the "casino economy" (a term the author invented to describe an economy driven by making money with money rather than focusing on real production, now overtaken by reality), Joseph Schumpeter, globalization, and general equilibrium. Canterbery retains the engaging flavor of the earlier editions by covering the times and ideas of the major economists, such as Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, Mill, and Marshall, while giving ample ink to the remarkable dissidents — Marx, Veblen, Galbraith, Heilbroner, and other "radicals". Canterbery again unmasks a traditional economics eschewing value judgements but itself standing on hidden ones even as he traces its origins to Isaac Newton's idea of an orderly universe. Personal references relate the great economists' ideas to the societies in which they lived, making the historical figures really come alive. Economics is displayed as a developing discipline, a discipline still evolving. Call Number: HB75 .C25 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9812835156.4thedition,WorldScientificPub.,235p.$38.00 Publication Date: 2009 Volume II in The Making of Economics, 4th Edition series fills a major gap in the literature of economics, providing in brief fashion a complete treatment of high theory in economics. Like Volume I, the book is accessible to the intelligent reader, be they advanced undergraduate or graduate students, laypeople, or professors of economics and finance. The author walks the reader through the maze of contemporary economics, acquainting them with the most up-to-date theories as well as recent economic history. The learning tasks are eased by volleys of examples as well as dramatic illustrations. The progression is from neoclassical Keynesian economics to monetarism, continuing with mathematical economics and econometrics, the theory of economic growth, the new classical economics, game theory, experimental economics, and global economics. For example, common threads between Smithian classical economics and new classical economics are woven into the fabric of discussions directing the way to the higher theory. The new chapters on mathematics and econometrics, game theory, experimental economics, and globalization are not to be found in other surveys of what the author calls the "Modern Superstructure of Economics." Although designed to be used with Volume I, it can also stand alone as a text or textbook supplement for a wide range of courses in economics and finance. ISBN: 9780691158983.PrincetonUniversityPress,392p. Publication Date: 2013 In this book, Nobel Prize-winning economist Edmund Phelps draws on a lifetime of thinking to make a sweeping new argument about what makes nations prosper--and why the sources of that prosperity are under threat today. Why did prosperity explode in some nations between the 1820s and 1960s, creating not just unprecedented material wealth but "flourishing"--meaningful work, self-expression, and personal growth for more people than ever before? Phelps makes the case that the wellspring of this flourishing was modern values such as the desire to create, explore, and meet challenges. These values fueled the grassroots dynamism that was necessary for widespread, indigenous innovation. Most innovation wasn't driven by a few isolated visionaries like Henry Ford; rather, it was driven by millions of people empowered to think of, develop, and market innumerable new products and processes, and improvements to existing ones. Mass flourishing--a combination of material well-being and the "good life" in a broader sense--was created by this mass innovation. Yet indigenous innovation and flourishing weakened decades ago. In America, evidence indicates that innovation and job satisfaction have decreased since the late 1960s, while postwar Europe has never recaptured its former dynamism. The reason, Phelps argues, is that the modern values underlying the modern economy are under threat by a resurgence of traditional, corporatist values that put the community and state over the individual. The ultimate fate of modern values is now the most pressing question for the West: will Western nations recommit themselves to modernity, grassroots dynamism, indigenous innovation, and widespread personal fulfillment, or will we go on with a narrowed innovation that limits flourishing to a few? A book of immense practical and intellectual importance, Mass Flourishing is essential reading for anyone who cares about the sources of prosperity and the future of the West. Call Number: HB139 .A53984 2015 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691152837 Publication Date: Princeton, 2015. $79.50 Applied econometrics, known to aficionados as 'metrics, is the original data science. 'Metrics encompasses the statistical methods economists use to untangle cause and effect in human affairs. Through accessible discussion and with a dose of kung fu–themed humor, Mastering 'Metrics presents the essential tools of econometric research and demonstrates why econometrics is exciting and useful. The five most valuable econometric methods, or what the authors call the Furious Five--random assignment, regression, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity designs, and differences in differences--are illustrated through well-crafted real-world examples (vetted for awesomeness by Kung Fu Panda's Jade Palace). Does health insurance make you healthier? Randomized experiments provide answers. Are expensive private colleges and selective public high schools better than more pedestrian institutions? Regression analysis and a regression discontinuity design reveal the surprising truth. When private banks teeter, and depositors take their money and run, should central banks step in to save them? Differences-in-differences analysis of a Depression-era banking crisis offers a response. Could arresting O. J. Simpson have saved his ex-wife's life? Instrumental variables methods instruct law enforcement authorities in how best to respond to domestic abuse. Wielding econometric tools with skill and confidence, Mastering 'Metrics uses data and statistics to illuminate the path from cause to effect. Shows why econometrics is important Explains econometric research through humorous and accessible discussion Outlines empirical methods central to modern econometric practice Works through interesting and relevant real-world examples Call Number: HB74.M3I57 (Library West and FLARE) ISBN: 0135617537.PrenticeHall,508p.$49.00 Publication Date: 1971 Mathematical Optimization and Economic Theory provides a self-contained introduction to and survey of mathematical programming and control techniques and their applications to static and dynamic problems in economics, respectively. It is distinctive in showing the unity of the various approaches to solving problems of constrained optimization that all stem back directly or indirectly to the method of Lagrange multipliers. In the 30 years since its initial publication, there have been many more applications of these mathematical techniques in economics, as well as some advances in the mathematics of programming and control. Nevertheless, the basic techniques remain the same today as when the book was originally published. Thus, it continues to be useful not only to its original audience of advanced undergraduate and graduate students in economics, but also to mathematicians and other researchers who are interested in learning about the applications of the mathematics of optimization to economics. Call Number: HB135 .M3698 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262015073.3rdedition,MITPress,959p.$59.00 Publication Date: 2011 This text offers a comprehensive presentation of the mathematics required to tackle problems in economic analysis. To give a better understanding of the mathematical concepts,the text follows the logic of the development of mathematics rather than that of an economics course. The only prerequisite is high school algebra, but the book goes on to cover all the mathematics needed for undergraduate economics. It is also a useful reference for graduate students. After a review of the fundamentals of sets,numbers, and functions, the book covers limits and continuity, the calculus of functions of one variable, linear algebra, multivariate calculus, and dynamics. To develop the student's problem-solving skills, the book works through a large number of examples and economic applications. This streamlined third edition offers an array of new and updated examples. [Some of the lengthier proofs and examples have been moved to the book's Web site. This combination of formats allows the authors to add content without expanding the physical size of the book. The book and the Web material are integral to each other; examples and figures on the Web are cross-referenced in the text. A student solutions manual will be available in e-book form. Instructors will be able to access online instructor's material that includes Power Point slides. Call Number: HB141 .B64 2015 (Library West & MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9781107032941 Publication Date: Cambridge, 2014. $29.99 Concern about the role and the limits of modeling has heightened after repeated questions were raised regarding the dependability and suitability of the models that were used in the run-up to the 2008 financial crash. In this book, Lawrence Boland provides an overview of the practices of and the problems faced by model builders to explain the nature of models, the modeling process, and the possibility for and nature of their testing. In a reflective manner, the author raises serious questions about the assumptions and judgments that model builders make in constructing models. In making his case, he examines the traditional microeconomics-macroeconomics separation with regard to how theoretical models are built and used and how they interact, paying particular attention to the use of equilibrium concepts in macroeconomic models and game theory and to the challenges involved in building empirical models, testing models, and using models to test theoretical explanations. Call Number: HG221.M66 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230238886.PalgraveMacmillan,384p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2010 Following the recent publication of the award winning and much acclaimed The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, second edition which brings together Nobel Prize winners and the brightest young scholars to survey the discipline, we are pleased to announce The New Palgrave Economics Collection. Due to demand from the economics community these books address key subject areas within the field. Each title is comprised of specially selected articles from the Dictionary and covers a fundamental theme within the discipline. All of the articles have been specifically chosen by the editors of the Dictionary, Steven N.Durlauf and Lawrence E.Blume and are written by leading practitioners in the field. The Collections provide the reader with easy to access information on complex and important subject areas, and allow individual scholars and students to have their own personal reference copy. Call Number: HB849.44 .L36 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 1416532218.FreePress,275p.$26.00 Publication Date: 2007 Steven Landsburg's writings are living proof that economics need not be "the dismal science." Readers of The Armchair Economist and his columns in Slate magazine know that he can make economics not only fun but fascinating, as he searches for the reasons behind the odd facts we face in our daily lives. In More Sex Is Safer Sex, he brings his witty and razor-sharp analysis to the many ways that our individually rational decisions can combine into some truly weird collective results -- and he proposes hilarious and serious ways to fix just about everything. Landsburg's solutions to the many ways that modern life is unfair or inefficient are both jaw-dropping and maddeningly defensible. We should encourage people to cut in line at water fountains on hot days. We should let firefighters keep any property they rescue from burning houses. We should encourage more people to act like Scrooge, because misers are just as generous as philanthropists. Why do parents of sons stay married more often than parents who have only daughters? Why does early motherhood not only correlate with lower income, but actually cause it? Why do we execute murderers but not the authors of vicious computer viruses? The lesson of this fascinating, fun, and endlessly provocative book is twofold: many apparently very odd behaviors have logical explanations, and many apparently logical behaviors make no sense whatsoever. Call Number: HC79.P6 K374 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780525951896.Dutton,308p.$26.95 Publication Date: 2011 "A leading economist and researcher report from the front lines of a revolution in solving the world's most persistent problem. When it comes to global poverty, people are passionate and polarized. At one extreme: We just need to invest more resources. At the other: We've thrown billions down a sinkhole over the last fifty years and accomplished almost nothing. Dean Karlan and Jacob Appel present an entirely new approach that blazes an optimistic and realistic trail between these two extremes. In this pioneering book Karlan and Appel combine behavioral economics with worldwide field research. They take readers with them into villages across Africa, India, South America, and the Philippines, where economic theory collides with real life. They show how small changes in banking, insurance, health care, and other development initiatives that take into account human irrationality can drastically improve the well-being of poor people everywhere. We in the developed world have found ways to make our own lives profoundly better. We use new tools to spend smarter, save more, eat better, and lead lives more like the ones we imagine. These tools can do the same for the impoverished. Karlan and Appel's research, and those of some close colleagues, show exactly how. In America alone, individual donors contribute over two hundred billion to charity annually, three times as much as corporations, foundations, and bequests combined. This book provides a new way to understand what really works to reduce poverty; in so doing, it reveals how to better invest those billions and begin transforming the well-being of the world"-- Call Number: HB139 .A54 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691120348.PrincetonUniversityPress,373p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2008 The core methods in today's econometric toolkit are linear regression for statistical control, instrumental variables methods for the analysis of natural experiments, and differences-in-differences methods that exploit policy changes. In the modern experimentalist paradigm, these techniques address clear causal questions such as: Do smaller classes increase learning? Should wife batterers be arrested? How much does education raise wages? Mostly Harmless Econometrics shows how the basic tools of applied econometrics allow the data to speak. In addition to econometric essentials, Mostly Harmless Econometrics covers important new extensions—regression-discontinuity designs and quantile regression—as well as how to get standard errors right. Joshua Angrist and Jörn-Steffen Pischke explain why fancier econometric techniques are typically unnecessary and even dangerous. The applied econometric methods emphasized in this book are easy to use and relevant for many areas of contemporary social science.An irreverent review of econometric essentials A focus on tools that applied researchers use most Chapters on regression-discontinuity designs, quantile regression, and standard errors Many empirical examples A clear and concise resource with wide applications Call Number: HB171 .W54 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393337648.RevisedEd.W.W.Norton,354p.$16.95 Publication Date: 2010 Finally! A book about economics that won’t put you to sleep. In fact, you won’t be able to put this bestseller down. In our challenging economic climate, this perennial favorite of students and general readers is more than a good read, it’s a necessary investment—with a blessedly sure rate of return. Demystifying buzzwords, laying bare the truths behind oft-quoted numbers, and answering the questions you were always too embarrassed to ask, the breezy Naked Economics gives readers the tools they need to engage with pleasure and confidence in the deeply relevant, not so dismal science. This revised and updated edition adds commentary on hot topics, including the current economic crisis, globalization, the economics of information, the intersection of economics and politics, and the history—and future—of the Federal Reserve. Call Number: HB95 .S74 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199560516.Oxford,150p,$11.95 Publication Date: 2010 Anchored in the principles of the free-market economics, "neoliberalism" has been associated with such different political leaders as Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Augusto Pinochet, and Junichiro Koizumi. In its heyday during the late 1990s, neoliberalism emerged as the world's dominant economic paradigm, stretching from the Anglo-American heartlands of capitalism to the former communist bloc all the way to the developing regions of the global South. Today, however, neoliberalism has been discredited as the global economy, built on its principles, has been shaken to its core by the worst financial calamity since the 1930s. Is neoliberalism doomed or will it regain its former status? Will the new U.S. President Barack Obama embrace or reject the neoliberal agenda of his predecessors in the White House? And how will his decision impact the current global economic order? Is there a viable alternative to neoliberalism? Exploring the origins, core claims, and various forms of neoliberalism, this Very Short Introduction offers a concise and accessible introduction to one of the most debated "isms" of our time. Call Number: HC106.8 .B3749 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 0230615872.PalgraveMacmillan,266p.$28.00 Publication Date: 2009 As a domestic policy advisor to Ronald Reagan, Bruce Bartlett was one of the originators of Reaganomics, the supply-side economic theory that conservatives have clung to for decades. In The Failure of Economics, Bartlett goes back to the economic roots that made Impostor a bestseller and abandons the conservative dogma in favor of a policy strongly based on what's worked in the past. Marshalling compelling history and economics, he explains how economic theories that may be perfectly valid at one moment in time under one set of circumstances tend to lose validity over time because they are misapplied under different circumstances. Bartlett makes a compelling, historically-based case for large tax increases, once anathema to him and his economic allies. In The Failure of Economics, Bartlett seeks to clarify a compelling and way forward for the American economy. Call Number: HB99.5 .N4913 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521876605.CambridgeUniversityPress,2008.558p.$59.00 Publication Date: 2008 Institutions frame behaviors and exchanges in markets, business networks, communities, and organizations throughout the world. Thanks to the pioneering work of Ronald Coase, Douglas North and Olivier Williamson, institutions are now recognized as being a key factor in explaining differences in performance between industries, nations, and regions. The fast-growing field of new institutional economics analyzes the economics of institutions and organizations using methodologies, concepts, and analytical tools from a wide range of disciplines (including political science, anthropology, sociology, management, law, and economics). With contributions from an international team of researchers, New Institutional Economics provides theoreticians, practitioners, and advanced students in economics and social sciences with a guide to the many recent developments in the field. It explains the underlying methodologies, identifies issues and questions for future research, and shows how results apply to decision making in law, economic policy, management, regulation and institutional design. Call Number: HB74.P8 T53 2008 (Library West &Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9780300122237.YaleUniversityPress,293p.$26.00 Publication Date: 2008 Every day we make decisions on topics ranging from the personal investments we select to the schools we pick for our children to the foods we eat to the causes we champion. Unfortunately, as authors Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein astutely observe, we don't always choose well. The reason, the authors explain, is that we all are susceptible to cognitive biases and blunders that make us human, fallible, and prone to error.Thaler and Sunstein invite us to enter an alternative world, one that recognizes our humanness as a given. They show that the way we think can be used to our advantage: it is possible to design environments that make it more likely for us to act in our own interests. Using colourful examples from all aspects of life, Thaler and Sunstein demonstrate how 'choice architecture' can be established to nudge us in beneficial directions without restricting the full menu of choices available to us. Nudge offers a unique new take, from neither the left nor the right, on many current issues, and is one of the most engaging and provocative books to come along in years. On the Wealth of Nations by by P.J. O'Rourke and Adam Smith Call Number: HB161 O76 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 0871139499.AtlanticMonthlyPress,242p.$21.95 Publication Date: 2006 As one of the first titles in Atlantic Monthly Press' "Books That Changed the World" series, America's most provocative satirist, P. J. O'Rourke, reads Adam Smith's revolutionary The Wealth of Nations so you don't have to. Recognized almost instantly on its publication in 1776 as the fundamental work of economics, The Wealth of Nations was also recognized as really long: the original edition totaled over nine hundred pages in two volumes--including the blockbuster sixty-seven-page "digression concerning the variations in the value of silver during the course of the last four centuries," which, "to those uninterested in the historiography of currency supply, is like reading Modern Maturity in Urdu." Although daunting, Smith's tome is still essential to understanding such current hot-topics as outsourcing, trade imbalances, and Angelina Jolie. In this hilarious, approachable, and insightful examination of Smith and his groundbreaking work, P. J. puts his trademark wit to good use, and shows us why Smith is still relevant, why what seems obvious now was once revolutionary, and why the pursuit of self-interest is so important. Call Number: HB75 .B33x 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 0691096260.PrincetonUniversityPress,368p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2002 In some of Western culture's earliest writings, Hesiod defined the basic economic problem as one of scarce resources, a view still held by most economists. Diocletian tried to save the falling Roman Empire with wage and price fixes—a strategy that has not gone entirely out of style. And just as they did in the late nineteenth century, thinkers trained in physics renovated economic inquiry in the late twentieth century. Taking us from Homer to the frontiers of game theory, this book presents an engrossing history of economics, what Alfred Marshall called "the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life."While some regard economics as a modern invention, Roger Backhouse shows that economic ideas were influential even in antiquity—and that the origins of contemporary economic thought can be traced back to the ancients. He reveals the genesis of what we have come to think of as economic theory and shows the remarkable but seldom explored impact of economics, natural science, and philosophy on one another. He introduces fascinating characters who have thought about money and markets, including theologians, philosophers, politicians, lawyers, and poets as well as economists themselves. We learn how some of history's most influential concepts arose from specific times and places: from the Stoic notion of natural law to the mercantilism that rose with the European nation-state; from postwar development economics to the recent experimental and statistical economics made possible by affluence and powerful computers.This book is the best history of economics—and among the finest intellectual histories—to be published since Heilbroner's The Worldly Philosophers. It proves that economics has been anything but "the dismal science." Call Number: QA269 .B475 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0195300572.OxfordUniversityPress,639p.$74.00 Publication Date: 2007 Ken Binmore's previous game theory textbook, Fun and Games (D.C. Heath, 1991), carved out a significant niche in the advanced undergraduate market; it was intellectually serious and more up-to-date than its competitors, but also accessibly written. Its central thesis was that game theory allows us to understand many kinds of interactions between people, a point that Binmore amply demonstrated through a rich range of examples and applications. This replacement for the now out-of-date 1991 textbook retains the entertaining examples, but changes the organization to match how game theory courses are actually taught, making Playing for Real a more versatile text that almost all possible course designs will find easier to use, with less jumping about than before. In addition, the problem sections, already used as a reference by many teachers, have become even more clever and varied, without becoming too technical. Playing for Real will sell into advanced undergraduate courses in game theory, primarily those in economics, but also courses in the social sciences, and serve as a reference for economists. Call Number: HC110.15 F64 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary and Library West) ISBN: 9780226256610.UniversityofChicagoPress,148p. Publication Date: 2013 With Political Arithmetic, Nobel Prize-winning economist Robert Fogel and his collaborators tell the story of economist Simon Kuznets, the founding of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the creation of the concept of GNP, which for the first time enabled us to measure the performance of entire economies. The book weaves together the many strands of political and economic thought and historical pressures that together created the demand for more detailed economic thinking--Progressive-era hopes for activist government, the production demands of World War I, Herbert Hoover's interest in business cycles as President Harding's commerce secretary, and the catastrophic economic failures of the Great Depression--and shows how, through trial and error, measurement and analysis, economists such as Kuznets rose to the occasion and in the process built a discipline whose knowledge could be put to practical use in everyday decision-making. The product of a lifetime of studying the workings of economies and skillfully employing the tools of economics, Political Arithmetic is simultaneously a history of a key period of economic thought and a testament to the power of applied ideas. Call Number: HB3717 .M24 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691145013.PrincetonUniversityPress, 356 p. Publication Date: 2013 Behind every financial crisis lurks a "political bubble"--policy biases that foster market behaviors leading to financial instability. Rather than tilting against risky behavior, political bubbles--arising from a potent combination of beliefs, institutions, and interests--aid, abet, and amplify risk. Demonstrating how political bubbles helped create the real estate-generated financial bubble and the 2008 financial crisis, this book argues that similar government oversights in the aftermath of the crisis undermined Washington's response to the "popped" financial bubble, and shows how such patterns have occurred repeatedly throughout US history. The authors show that just as financial bubbles are an unfortunate mix of mistaken beliefs, market imperfections, and greed, political bubbles are the product of rigid ideologies, unresponsive and ineffective government institutions, and special interests. Financial market innovations--including adjustable-rate mortgages, mortgage-backed securities, and credit default swaps--become subject to legislated leniency and regulatory failure, increasing hazardous practices. The authors shed important light on the politics that blinds regulators to the economic weaknesses that create the conditions for economic bubbles and recommend simple, focused rules that should help avoid such crises in the future. The first full accounting of how politics produces financial ruptures, Political Bubbles offers timely lessons that all sectors would do well to heed. Call Number: HB137.Z55 2007 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 006135323X.Harper,280p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2008 Do you know why you still have a headache after taking a one-cent aspirin, but why that same headache disappears if the aspirin costs fifty cents? Do you know why recalling the Ten Commandments reduces people’s tendency to lie, or why honor codes are actually effective in reducing dishonesty at the workplace? Do you know why, after doing careful and extensive research on which car to buy, a random meeting with someone who had an awful experience with that car changes your decision? Why do we make decisions contrary to our better judgment? What is “better judgment?” Predictably Irrational challenges us to ponder these questions (questions we sometimes avoid) and demonstrates how irrationality manifests itself in situations (often very peculiar and hilarious situations) where rational thought is expected. We all succumb to irrationality, it’s about time we find out how it affects our daily lives in a significant way. In this astounding new book, groundbreaking in scope and totally original, Dan Ariely cuts to the heart of our strange behaviors and presents outstanding material that will keep every reader transfixed. Call Number: HC106.84 .S23 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781400068418. Random House, 324 p., $27.00 Publication Date: 2011 For more than three decades, Jeffrey D. Sachs has been at the forefront of international economic problem solving. But Sachs turns his attention back home in The Price of Civilization, a book that is essential reading for every American. In a forceful, impassioned, and personal voice, he offers not only a searing and incisive diagnosis of our country’s economic ills but also an urgent call for Americans to restore the virtues of fairness, honesty, and foresight as the foundations of national prosperity. As he has done in dozens of countries around the world in the midst of economic crises, Sachs turns his unique diagnostic skills to what ails the American economy. He finds that both political parties—and many leading economists—have missed the big picture, offering shortsighted solutions such as stimulus spending or tax cuts to address complex economic problems that require deeper solutions. Sachs argues that we have profoundly underestimated globalization’s long-term effects on our country, which create deep and largely unmet challenges with regard to jobs, incomes, poverty, and the environment. America’s single biggest economic failure, Sachs argues, is its inability to come to grips with the new global economic realities. Yet Sachs goes deeper than an economic diagnosis. By taking a broad, holistic approach—looking at domestic politics, geopolitics, social psychology, and the natural environment as well—Sachs reveals the larger fissures underlying our country’s current crisis. He shows how Washington has consistently failed to address America’s economic needs. He describes a political system that has lost its ethical moorings, in which ever-rising campaign contributions and lobbying outlays overpower the voice of the citizenry. He also looks at the crisis in our culture, in which an overstimulated and consumption-driven populace in a ferocious quest for wealth now suffers shortfalls of social trust, honesty, and compassion. Finally, Sachs offers a plan to turn the crisis around. He argues persuasively that the problem is not America’s abiding values, which remain generous and pragmatic, but the ease with which political spin and consumerism run circles around those values. He bids the reader to reclaim the virtues of good citizenship and mindfulness toward the economy and one another. Most important, he bids each of us to accept the price of civilization, so that together we can restore America to its great promise. The Price of Civilization is a masterly road map for prosperity, founded on America’s deepest values and on a rigorous understanding of the twenty-first-century world economy. Call Number: PS3618.O3159P75 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691135090.PrincetonUniversityPress,203p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2008 Stanford University student and Cuban American tennis prodigy Ramon Fernandez is outraged when a nearby mega-store hikes its prices the night of an earthquake. He crosses paths with provost and economics professor Ruth Lieber when he plans a campus protest against the price-gouging retailer—which is also a major donor to the university. Ruth begins a dialogue with Ramon about prices, prosperity, and innovation and their role in our daily lives. Is Ruth trying to limit the damage from Ramon's protest? Or does she have something altogether different in mind? As Ramon is thrust into the national spotlight by events beyond the Stanford campus, he learns there's more to price hikes than meets the eye, and he is forced to reconsider everything he thought he knew. What is the source of America's high standard of living? What drives entrepreneurs and innovation? What upholds the hidden order that allows us to choose our careers and pursue our passions with so little conflict? How does economic order emerge without anyone being in charge? Ruth gives Ramon and the reader a new appreciation for how our economy works and the wondrous role that the price of everything plays in everyday life. The Price of Everything is a captivating story about economic growth and the unseen forces that create and sustain economic harmony all around us. Call Number: HC110.I5 S867 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393088694.W.W.Norton&Co., 414 p., $27.96 Publication Date: 2012 The top 1 percent of Americans control 40 percent of the nation's wealth. And, as Joseph E. Stiglitz explains, while those at the top enjoy the best health care, education, and benefits of wealth, they fail to realize that "their fate is bound up with how the other 99 percent live." Stiglitz draws on his deep understanding of economics to show that growing inequality is not inevitable: moneyed interests compound their wealth by stifling true, dynamic capitalism. They have made America the most unequal advanced industrial country while crippling growth, trampling on the rule of law, and undermining democracy. The result: a divided society that cannot tackle its most pressing problems. With characteristic insight, Stiglitz examines our current state, then teases out its implications for democracy, for monetary and budgetary policy, and for globalization. He closes with a plan for a more just and prosperous future. Call Number: HB171.5 .F75 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780202309699.TransactionPublishers,357p.$34.95 Publication Date: 2007 Economics is sometimes divided into two parts: positive economics and normative economics. The former deals with how the economic problem is solved, while the latter deals with how the economic problem should be solved. The effects of price or rent control on the distribution of income are problems of positive economics. The desirability of these effects on income distribution is a problem of normative economics. Within economics, the major division is between monetary theory and price theory. Monetary theory deals with the level of prices in general, with cyclical and other fluctuations in total output, total employment, and the like. Price theory deals with the allocation of resources among different uses, the price of one item relative to another. Prices do three kinds of things. They transmit information, they provide an incentive to users of resources to be guided by this information, and they provide an incentive to owners of resources to follow this information. Milton Friedman's classic book provides the theoretical underpinning for and understanding of prices. Economics is not concerned solely with economic problems. It is a social science, and is therefore concerned primarily with those economic problems whose solutions involve the cooperation and interaction of different individuals. It is concerned with problems involving a single individual only insofar as the individual's behavior has implications for or effects upon other individuals. "Price Theory" is concerned not with economic problems in the abstract, but with how a particular society solves its economic problems. Call Number: HB221 .H62 2005 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521818643.7thedition,CambridgeUniversityPress,614p.$55.00 Publication Date: 2005 Featuring extensive coverage of information, uncertainty, and game theory, this volume is a new edition of a classic textbook in intermediate microeconomics. It contains over a hundred examples illustrating the applicability of economic analysis not only to mainline economic topics but also issues in politics, history, biology, the family, and many other areas. The text generally describes recent research published in scholarly books and articles, providing students with a good idea of the scientific work done by professional economists in a variety of areas. Jack Hirshleifer is Distinguished Professor of Economics, Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles Amihai Glazer is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Irvine David Hirshleifer holds the Ralph M. Kurtz Chair of Finance at The Ohio State University. Call Number: HF5416.5 .P66 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780809094691.HillandWang,352p.$26.99 Publication Date: 2009 Prada stores carry a few obscenely expensive items in order to boost sales for everything else (which look like bargains in comparison). People used to download music for free, then Steve Jobs convinced them to pay. How? By charging 99 cents. That price has a hypnotic effect: the profit margin of the 99 Cents Only store is twice that of Wal-Mart. Why do text messages cost money, while e-mails are free? Why do jars of peanut butter keep getting smaller in order to keep the price the “same”? The answer is simple: prices are a collective hallucination. In Priceless, the bestselling author William Poundstone reveals the hidden psychology of value. In psychological experiments, people are unable to estimate “fair” prices accurately and are strongly influenced by the unconscious, irrational, and politically incorrect. It hasn’t taken long for marketers to apply these findings. “Price consultants” advise retailers on how to convince consumers to pay more for less, and negotiation coaches offer similar advice for businesspeople cutting deals. The new psychology of price dictates the design of price tags, menus, rebates, “sale” ads, cell phone plans, supermarket aisles, real estate offers, wage packages, tort demands, and corporate buyouts. Prices are the most pervasive hidden persuaders of all. Rooted in the emerging field of behavioral decision theory, Priceless should prove indispensable to anyone who negotiates. Call Number: HF1373 .P75 2009 (Library West and Business Reference) ISBN: 9780691128122.2vols.PrincetonUniversityPress,1246p.$250.00 Publication Date: 2009 Increasing economic globalization has made understanding the world economy more important than ever. From trade agreements to offshore outsourcing to foreign aid, this two-volume encyclopedia explains the key elements of the world economy and provides a first step to further research for students and scholars in public policy, international studies, business, and the broader social sciences, as well as for economic policy professionals. Written by an international team of contributors, this comprehensive reference includes more than 300 up-to-date entries covering a wide range of topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development. Call Number: HB171 .M25 1936 (Library West) ISBN: 8thedition,MacmillanandCo.,Limited,871p. Publication Date: 1936 British economist Alfred Marshall (1842-1924) was one of the most prominent thinkers of his age on the philosophy of finance, and this, considered his greatest work, was for years the standard text on the subject. First published in 1890, the 1920 eighth edition serves as an excellent primer on such topics as: . basic economic laws, the purpose of economic studies, fundamental concepts including wealth, production, consumption, labor, income, capital, and others, understanding consumer demand, an introduction to market studies, and much more. Call Number: HB119.S35 M43 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674025233.HarvardUniversityPress,736p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2007 Pan Am, Gimbel's, Pullman, Douglas Aircraft, Digital Equipment Corporation, British Leyland—all once as strong as dinosaurs, all now just as extinct. Destruction of businesses, fortunes, products, and careers is the price of progress toward a better material life. No one understood this bedrock economic principle better than Joseph A. Schumpeter. "Creative destruction," he said, is the driving force of capitalism. Described by John Kenneth Galbraith as "the most sophisticated conservative" of the twentieth century, Schumpeter made his mark as the prophet of incessant change. His vision was stark: Nearly all businesses fail, victims of innovation by their competitors. Businesspeople ignore this lesson at their peril—to survive, they must be entrepreneurial and think strategically. Yet in Schumpeter's view, the general prosperity produced by the "capitalist engine" far outweighs the wreckage it leaves behind. During a tumultuous life spanning two world wars, the Great Depression, and the early Cold War, Schumpeter reinvented himself many times. From boy wonder in turn-of-the-century Vienna to captivating Harvard professor, he was stalked by tragedy and haunted by the specter of his rival, John Maynard Keynes. By 1983—the centennial of the birth of both men—Forbes christened Schumpeter, not Keynes, the best navigator through the turbulent seas of globalization. Time has proved that assessment accurate. Prophet of Innovation is also the private story of a man rescued repeatedly by women who loved him and put his well-being above their own. Without them, he would likely have perished, so fierce were the conflicts between his reason and his emotions.Drawing on all of Schumpeter's writings, including many intimate diaries and letters never before used, this biography paints the full portrait of a magnetic figure who aspired to become the world's greatest economist, lover, and horseman—and admitted to failure only with the horses. Call Number: LC66 .G65 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674028678.HarvardUniversityPress,488p. Publication Date: 2008 This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century.The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slow-down was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it. Call Number: HG4521 .M284 2003 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393062458.Revisededition,W.W.Norton&Co.,414p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2007 Updated with a new chapter that draws on behavioural finance, the field that studies the psychology of investment decisions, here is the best-selling, authoritative and gimmick-free guide to investing. Burton Malkiel evaluates the full range of investment opportunities, from stocks, bonds and money markets to insurance, home ownership and tangible assets such as gold or collectibles. This edition includes new strategies for rearranging your portfolio for retirement, along with the book's classic life-cycle guide to investing, which matches the needs of investors in any age bracket. "A Random Walk Down Wall Street" long ago established itself as the first book to purchase before starting a portfolio and this "entertaining and informative" ("Financial Times") book remains the best investing guide money can buy. Call Number: HB501 .M554 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 0393050211.W.W.Norton,278p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2002 From the wild swings of the stock market to the online auctions of eBay to the unexpected twists of the world's post-Communist economies, markets have suddenly become quite visible. We now have occasion to ask, "What makes these institutions work? How important are they? How can we improve them?" Taking us on a lively tour of a world we once took for granted, John McMillan offers examples ranging from a camel trading fair in India to the $20 million per day Aalsmeer flower market in the Netherlands to the global trade in AIDS drugs. Eschewing ideology, he shows us that markets are neither magical nor immoral. Rather, they are powerful if imperfect tools, the best we've found for improving our living standards. A New York Times Notable Book. Call Number: HB3716 .K77 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393071016.W.W.Norton&Co.,191p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2009 In 1999, in The Return of Depression Economics , Paul Krugman surveyed the economic crises that had swept across Asia and Latin America, and pointed out that those crises were a warning for all of us: like diseases that have become resistant to antibiotics, the economic maladies that caused the Great Depression were making a comeback. In the years that followed, as Wall Street boomed and financial wheeler-dealers made vast profits, the international crises of the 1990s faded from memory. But now depression economics has come to America: when the great housing bubble of the mid-2000s burst, the U.S. financial system proved as vulnerable as those of developing countries caught up in earlier crisesa-and a replay of the 1930s seems all too possible.In this new, greatly updated edition of The Return of Depression Economics , Krugman shows how the failure of regulation to keep pace with an increasingly out-of-control financial system set the United States, and the world as a whole, up for the greatest financial crisis since the 1930s. He also lays out the steps that must be taken to contain the crisis, and turn around a world economy sliding into a deep recession. Brilliantly crafted in Krugmana-s trademark stylea-lucid, lively, and supremely informeda-this new edition of The Return of Depression Economics will become an instant cornerstone of the debate over how to respond to the crisis. Call Number: HD82 .H38 1976 (Legal Information Center and Marston Science Library) ISBN: 0226320782.Reprint,UniversityofChicagoPress,248p.$17.00 Publication Date: 1876 c. 1944 An unimpeachable classic work in political philosophy, intellectual and cultural history, and economics, The Road to Serfdom has inspired and infuriated politicians, scholars, and general readers for half a century. Originally published in 1944—when Eleanor Roosevelt supported the efforts of Stalin, and Albert Einstein subscribed lock, stock, and barrel to the socialist program—The Road to Serfdom was seen as heretical for its passionate warning against the dangers of state control over the means of production. For F. A. Hayek, the collectivist idea of empowering government with increasing economic control would lead not to a utopia but to the horrors of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. First published by the University of Chicago Press on September 18, 1944, The Road to Serfdom garnered immediate, widespread attention. The first printing of 2,000 copies was exhausted instantly, and within six months more than 30,000 books were sold. In April 1945, Reader’s Digest published a condensed version of the book, and soon thereafter the Book-of-the-Month Club distributed this edition to more than 600,000 readers. A perennial best seller, the book has sold 400,000 copies in the United States alone and has been translated into more than twenty languages, along the way becoming one of the most important and influential books of the century. Call Number: HB71 .B7786 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521513845.CambridgeUniversityPress,382p.$85.00 Publication Date: 2009 Since economies are dynamic processes driven by creativity, social norms, and emotions as well as rational calculation, why do economists largely study them using static equilibrium models and narrow rationalistic assumptions? Economic activity is as much a function of imagination and social sentiments as of the rational optimisation of given preferences and goods. Richard Bronk argues that economists can best model and explain these creative and social aspects of markets by using new structuring assumptions and metaphors derived from the poetry and philosophy of the Romantics. By bridging the divide between literature and science, and between Romanticism and narrow forms of Rationalism, economists can access grounding assumptions, models, and research methods suitable for comprehending the creativity and social dimensions of economic activity. This is a guide to how economists and other social scientists can broaden their analytical repertoire to encompass the vital role of sentiments, language, and imagination. Call Number: HB801 .M83 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780805092646.TimesBooks, 288 p., $28.00 Publication Date: 2013 A surprising and intriguing examination of how scarcity—and our flawed responses to it—shapes our lives, our society, and our culture Why do successful people get things done at the last minute? Why does poverty persist? Why do organizations get stuck firefighting? Why do the lonely find it hard to make friends? These questions seem unconnected, yet Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir show that they are all examples of a mind-set produced by scarcity. Mullainathan and Shafir show that scarcity creates a similar psychology for everyone struggling to manage with less than they need. Busy people fail to manage their time efficiently for the same reasons the poor and those maxed out on credit cards fail to manage their money. The dynamics of scarcity reveal why dieters find it hard to resist temptation, why students and busy executives mismanage their time, and why sugarcane farmers are smarter after harvest than before. Mullainathan and Shafir discuss how scarcity affects our daily lives, recounting anecdotes of their own foibles and making surprising connections that bring this research alive. Their book provides a new way of understanding why the poor stay poor and the busy stay busy, and it reveals not only how scarcity leads us astray but also how individuals and organizations can better manage scarcity for greater satisfaction and success. Call Number: HB119.S28D628 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199857203.292p.,$39.95 Publication Date: 2012 Thomas Schelling, who wrote the foreword for this book, won the Nobel Prize in economics for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis." This came after he had taught a course in game theory and rational choice to advanced students and government officials for 45 years. In this book, Robert Dodge provides in language for a broad audience, the concepts that Schelling taught. Armed with Schelling's understanding of game theory methods and his approaches to problems, the general reader can improve daily decision making. Mathematics often make game theory challenging but was not a major part of Schelling's course and is even less of a factor in this book. Along with a summary of the material Schelling presented, included are problems from the course and similar less challenging questions. While considerable analysis is done with the basic game theory tool -- the two-by-two matrix -- much of the book is descriptive and rational decision-making is explained with stories. Chapter supplements are added to illuminate points presented by Schelling, including writings by Paul Krugman, Thomas Friedman, Steven Levitt, and others. A Short History of Economic Thought by by Bo Sandelin, Hans-Michael Trautwein and Richard Wundrak Call Number: HB75 .S293 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780415438858.2ndedition,Routledge,118p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2008 This book provides an elementary introduction to the history of economic thought and has been considerably overhauled and updated since the appearance of the first edition in 2002. A chapter is devoted to each of the major developments in the history of the discipline, with a brand new introduction setting the scene. This short history of economic thinking covers large ground by outlining the main schools of thought and paradigm shifts in the field. Greater coverage is allowed to the major Anglo-American trends while retaining the innovative coverage of mainland European thinking so characteristic of the original. In the final chapter, the authors draw together some of the key strands and comment on some major works and textbooks in the history of economic ideas. The book concludes by reflecting on the changes in economic thinking within the general context of the philosophy of science. Call Number: CB158 .S54 2012 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9781594204111.PenguinPress, 534 p., $27.95 Publication Date: 2012 Nate Silver built an innovative system for predicting baseball performance, predicted the 2008 election within a hair’s breadth, and became a national sensation as a blogger—all by the time he was thirty. The New York Times now publishes FiveThirtyEight.com, where Silver is one of the nation’s most influential political forecasters. Drawing on his own groundbreaking work, Silver examines the world of prediction, investigating how we can distinguish a true signal from a universe of noisy data. Most predictions fail, often at great cost to society, because most of us have a poor understanding of probability and uncertainty. Both experts and laypeople mistake more confident predictions for more accurate ones. But overconfidence is often the reason for failure. If our appreciation of uncertainty improves, our predictions can get better too. This is the “prediction paradox”: The more humility we have about our ability to make predictions, the more successful we can be in planning for the future. In keeping with his own aim to seek truth from data, Silver visits the most successful forecasters in a range of areas, from hurricanes to baseball, from the poker table to the stock market, from Capitol Hill to the NBA. Silver observes that the most accurate forecasters tend to have a superior command of probability, and they tend to be both humble and hardworking. They distinguish the predictable from the unpredictable, and they notice a thousand little details that lead them closer to the truth. Because of their appreciation of probability, they can distinguish the signal from the noise. With everything from the health of the global economy to our ability to fight terrorism dependent on the quality of our predictions, Nate Silver’s insights are an essential read. Call Number: HT612 .C53 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691162546.PrincetonUniversityPress,364p.,$29.95 Publication Date: 2014 How much of our fate is tied to the status of our parents and grandparents? How much does this influence our children? More than we wish to believe. While it has been argued that rigid class structures have eroded in favor of greater social equality, The Son Also Rises proves that movement on the social ladder has changed little over eight centuries. Using a novel technique--tracking family names over generations to measure social mobility across countries and periods--renowned economic historian Gregory Clark reveals that mobility rates are lower than conventionally estimated, do not vary across societies, and are resistant to social policies. The good news is that these patterns are driven by strong inheritance of abilities and lineage does not beget unwarranted advantage. The bad news is that much of our fate is predictable from lineage. Clark argues that since a greater part of our place in the world is predetermined, we must avoid creating winner-take-all societies. Clark examines and compares surnames in such diverse cases as modern Sweden, fourteenth-century England, and Qing Dynasty China. He demonstrates how fate is determined by ancestry and that almost all societies have similarly low social mobility rates. These figures are impervious to institutions, and it takes hundreds of years for descendants to shake off the advantages and disadvantages of their ancestors. Clark contends that societies should act to limit the disparities in rewards between those of high and low social rank. Challenging popular assumptions about mobility and revealing the deeply entrenched force of inherited advantage, The Son Also Rises is sure to prompt intense debate for years to come. Call Number: HB74.P8 C695 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691143163.Revisededition,PrincetonUniversityPress,$21.95 Publication Date: 2010 For many, Thomas Carlyle's put-down of economics as "the dismal science" rings true--especially in the aftermath of the crash of 2008. But Diane Coyle argues that economics today is more soulful than dismal, a more practical and human science than ever before.The Soulful Sciencedescribes the remarkable creative renaissance in economics, how economic thinking is being applied to the paradoxes of everyday life.This revised edition incorporates the latest developments in the field, including the rise of behavioral finance, the failure of carbon trading, and the growing trend of government bailouts. She also discusses such major debates as the relationship between economic statistics and presidential elections, the boundary between private choice and public action, and who is to blame for today's banking crisis. Call Number: HF1359 .B42 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 007154903X.McGrawHill,369p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2009 With technology and globalization advancing at breakneck speed, the world economy becomes more complex by the day. Activists, politicians, and media enablers—conservative and liberal, left and right, informed and just plain wrong—consistently seize this opportunity to present woefully simplistic explanations and hype the latest myths regarding issues affecting the economy. Their purpose is not to educate but to advocate and, in many cases involving the media, manufacture outrage to drive ratings higher. So, where can you find the truth about today’s economy and how it affects you? Turn off the TV, put down the magazine, log off the Internet—and read this book. Spin-Free Economics places the current economic debates where they belong: in the middle of the road. With no political ax to grind, Nariman Behravesh takes a centrist approach to explain how today’s economic issues affect individuals and businesses. Along the way, he debunks myths regarding the effects of immigration, unemployment, regulation, productivity, education, health care, and other headline issues. Taking Economics Seriously by by Dean Baker Call Number: HB171 .B22 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262014182.MITPress,136p.$14.95 Publication Date: 2010 There is nothing wrong with economics, Dean Baker contends, but economists routinely ignore their own principles when it comes to economic policy. What would policy look like if we took basic principles of mainstream economics seriously and applied them consistently? In the debate over regulation, for example, Baker—one of the few economists who predicted the meltdown of fall 2008—points out that ideological blinders have obscured the fact there is no "free market" to protect. Modern markets are highly regulated, although intrusive regulations such as copyright and patents are rarely viewed as regulatory devices. If we admit the extent to which the economy is and will be regulated, we have many more options in designing policy and deciding who benefits from it. Taking Economics Seriously offers an alternative Econ 101. It introduces economic principles and thinks through what we might gain if we free ourselves from ideological blinders and get back to basics in the most troubled parts of our economy. Call Number: QA269 .V65 1953 (Marston Science Library) ISBN: PrincetonUniversityPress,641p.$25.00 Publication Date: 1953, c 1944 This is the classic work upon which modern-day game theory is based. What began more than sixty years ago as a modest proposal that a mathematician and an economist write a short paper together blossomed, in 1944, when Princeton University Press published "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. In it, John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern conceived a groundbreaking mathematical theory of economic and social organization, based on a theory of games of strategy. Not only would this revolutionize economics, but the entirely new field of scientific inquiry it yielded--game theory--has since been widely used to analyze a host of real-world phenomena from arms races to optimal policy choices of presidential candidates, from vaccination policy to major league baseball salary negotiations. And it is today established throughout both the social sciences and a wide range of other sciences. Call Number: HB175 .W364 1964 (Library West) ISBN: FreePress,436p. Publication Date: 1964, c. 1947 Weber is often incorrectly assumed to be an advocate of bureaucracy and a mechanistic society, rather than someone who described bureaucracy__with at least some degree of correctness--as the most efficient and rationalmeans of organization. In fact, as R.J. Kilcullen puts it, "bureaucracy was for Weber what capitalism was for Marx, the admired enemy." No understanding of the way modern organizations work would be complete without a study of this book. Max Weber was a versatile thinker who was a professor of political economy at the universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg in Germany. He is best known today as onne of the founding fathers of modern sociology. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization grew out of his philosophical inquiries into the nature of authority and how it is transmitted. Weber identified three types of authority: the "charismatic," based on the individual qualities of a leader and reverence for them among his or her followers; the "traditional," based on custom and usage; and the "rational-legal" based on the rule of objective law. Bureaucracy is the most efficient way of implementing the rule of law. [Source: Business: The Ultimate Resource, 2nd ed., 2006] Call Number: BF441 .K238 2011 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9780374275631. 499 p., $30.00 Publication Date: 2011 Daniel Kahneman, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his seminal work in psychology that challenged the rational model of judgment and decision making, is one of our most important thinkers. His ideas have had a profound and widely regarded impact on many fields—including economics, medicine, and politics—but until now, he has never brought together his many years of research and thinking in one book. In the highly anticipated Thinking, Fast and Slow, Kahneman takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. Kahneman exposes the extraordinary capabilities—and also the faults and biases—of fast thinking, and reveals the pervasive influence of intuitive impressions on our thoughts and behavior. The impact of loss aversion and overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the challenges of properly framing risks at work and at home, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning the next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems work together to shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives—and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Thinking, Fast and Slow will transform the way you think about thinking. Call Number: HB3722.R45 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691142166.PrincetonUniversityPress,496p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2009 This Time Is Different presents a comprehensive look at the varieties of financial crises, and guides us through eight astonishing centuries of government defaults, banking panics, and inflationary spikes--from medieval currency debasements to today's subprime catastrophe. Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, leading economists whose work has been influential in the policy debate concerning the current financial crisis, provocatively argue that financial combustions are universal rites of passage for emerging and established market nations. The authors draw important lessons from history to show us how much--or how little--we have learned. Using clear, sharp analysis and comprehensive data, Reinhart and Rogoff document that financial fallouts occur in clusters and strike with surprisingly consistent frequency, duration, and ferocity. They examine the patterns of currency crashes, high and hyperinflation, and government defaults on international and domestic debts--as well as the cycles in housing and equity prices, capital flows, unemployment, and government revenues around these crises. While countries do weather their financial storms, Reinhart and Rogoff prove that short memories make it all too easy for crises to recur. An important book that will affect policy discussions for a long time to come, This Time Is Different exposes centuries of financial missteps. Call Number: HB3722.S659 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780670021253.Viking,357p.$32.95 Publication Date: 2009 In Too Big to Fail, Andrew Ross Sorkin delivers the first definitive blow-by-blow account of this epochal crisis - from the machinations inside Lehman Brothers' plush offices to the corridors of power in Washington to secret meetings in Moscow. Sorkin recounts how, motivated as often by ego and greed as by fear and sheer self-preservation, the most powerful men and women in finance and politics decided the fate of the world's economy. This true story is not only a look at banks that were too big to fail but also a humbling human drama about a cast of bold-faced names who thought they themselves were too big to fail. Call Number: HD30.23 .L578 2014 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9781118781807. Wiley, 285 p. Publication Date: 2014 A detailed look at how economists shaped the world, and how the legacy continues Trillion Dollar Economists explores the prize-winning ideas that have shaped business decisions, business models, and government policies, expanding the popular idea of the economist's role from one of forecaster to one of innovator. Written by the former Director of Economic Research at Bloomberg Government, the Kauffman Foundation and the Brookings Institution, this book describes the ways in which economists have helped shape the world ? in some cases, dramatically enough to be recognized with a Nobel Prize or Clark Medal. Detailed discussion of how economists think about the world and the pace of future innovation leads to an examination of the role, importance, and limits of the market, and economists' contributions to business and policy in the past, present, and future. Few economists actually forecast the economy's performance. Instead, the bulk of the profession is concerned with how markets work, and how they can be made more efficient and productive to generate the things people want to buy for a better life. Full of interviews with leading economists and industry leaders, Trillion Dollar Economists showcases the innovations that have built modern business and policy. Readers will: Review the basics of economics and the innovation of economists, including market failures and the macro-micro distinction Discover the true power of economic ideas when used directly in business, as exemplified by Priceline and Google Explore the future of economics in business applications, and the policy ideas, challenges, and implications Economists have helped firms launch new businesses, established new ways of making money, and shaped government policy to create new opportunities and a new landscape on which businesses compete. Trillion Dollar Economists provides a comprehensive exploration of these contributions, and a detailed look at innovation to come. Call Number: HT361 .G53 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781594202773.PenguinPress, 338p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2011 America is an urban nation. More than two thirds of us live on the 3 percent of land that contains our cities. Yet cities get a bad rap: they're dirty, poor, unhealthy, crime ridden, expensive, environmentally unfriendly... Or are they? As Edward Glaeser proves in this myth-shattering book, cities are actually the healthiest, greenest, and richest (in cultural and economic terms) places to live. New Yorkers, for instance, live longer than other Americans; heart disease and cancer rates are lower in Gotham than in the nation as a whole. More than half of America's income is earned in twenty-two metropolitan areas. And city dwellers use, on average, 40 percent less energy than suburbanites. Glaeser visits Bangalore and Silicon Valley, whose strangely similar histories prove how essential education is to urban success and how new technology actually encourages people to gather together physically. He discovers why Detroit is dying while other old industrial cities-Chicago, Boston, New York-thrive. He investigates why a new house costs 350 percent more in Los Angeles than in Houston, even though building costs are only 25 percent higher in L.A. He pinpoints the single factor that most influences urban growth-January temperatures-and explains how certain chilly cities manage to defy that link. He explains how West Coast environmentalists have harmed the environment, and how struggling cities from Youngstown to New Orleans can "shrink to greatness." And he exposes the dangerous anti-urban political bias that is harming both cities and the entire country. Using intrepid reportage, keen analysis, and eloquent argument, Glaeser makes an impassioned case for the city's import and splendor. He reminds us forcefully why we should nurture our cities or suffer consequences that will hurt us all, no matter where we live. Call Number: HB501 .C51715 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781846143281. Allen Lane, 286 p. $25.00 Publication Date: 2010 Chang (Bad Samaritans) takes on the "free-market ideologues," the stentorian voices in economic thought and, in his analysis, the engineers of the recent financial catastrophe. Free market orthodoxy has inserted its tenterhooks into almost every economy in the world--over the past three decades, most countries have privatized state-owned industrial and financial firms, deregulated finance and industry, liberalized international trade and investments, and reduced income taxes and welfare payments. But these policies have unleashed bubbles and ever increasing income disparity. How can we dig ourselves out? By examining the many myths in the narrative of free-market liberalism, crucially that the name is itself a misnomer: there is nothing "free" about a market where wages are largely politically determined; that greater macroeconomic stability has not made the world economy more stable; and a more educated population itself won't make a country richer. An advocate of big, active government and capitalism as distinct from a free market, Chang presents an enlightening précis of modern economic thought--and all the places it's gone wrong, urging us to act in order to completely rebuild the world economy. Call Number: HC78 .P63 E27 2013 (Library West ISBN: 9780465031252. Basic Books, 394 p. Publication Date: 2014 Over the last century, global poverty has largely been viewed as a technical problem that merely requires the right "expert" solutions. Yet all too often, experts recommend solutions that fix immediate problems without addressing the systemic political factors that created them in the first place. Further, they produce an accidental collusion with "benevolent autocrats," leaving dictators with yet more power to violate the rights of the poor.In The Tyranny of Experts, economist William Easterly, bestselling author of The White Man's Burden, traces the history of the fight against global poverty, showing not only how these tactics have trampled the individual freedom of the world's poor, but how in doing so have suppressed a vital debate about an alternative approach to solving poverty: freedom. Presenting a wealth of cutting-edge economic research, Easterly argues that only a new model of development-one predicated on respect for the individual rights of people in developing countries, that understands that unchecked state power is the problem and not the solution -will be capable of ending global poverty once and for all. Uncommon Sense: Economic Insights, From Marriage to Terrorism by by Gary S. Becker and Richard A. Posner Call Number: HB71 .B435 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780226041018.TheUniversityofChicagoPress,373p.$29.00 Publication Date: 2009 On December 5, 2004, the still-developing blogosphere took one of its biggest steps toward mainstream credibility, as Nobel Prize - winning economist Gary S. Becker and renowned jurist and legal scholar Richard A. Posner announced the formation of the Becker-Posner Blog. In no time at all, the blog had established a wide readership and reputation as a reliable source of lively, thought-provoking commentary on current events, its pithy and profound weekly essays highlighting the value of economic reasoning when applied to unexpected topics. "Uncommon Sense" gathers the most important and innovative entries from the blog, arranged by topic, along with updates and even reconsiderations when subsequent events have shed new light on a question. Whether it's Posner making the economic case for the legalization of gay marriage, Becker arguing in favor of the sale of human organs for transplant, or even the pair of scholars vigorously disagreeing about the utility of collective punishment with reference to Israel's battles with Hezbollah and Hamas, the writing is always clear, the interplay energetic, and the resulting discussion deeply informed and intellectually substantial. To have a single thinker of the stature of Becker or Posner addressing questions of this nature would make for fascinating reading; to have both, writing and responding to each other, is an exceptionally rare treat. With "Uncommon Sense", they invite the adventurous reader to join them on a whirlwind intellectual journey. All they ask is that you leave your preconceptions behind. Call Number: HB172.5 .H358 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781594631405. Riverhead, 245 p., $27.95 Publication Date: 2014 A provocative and lively exploration of the increasingly important world of macroeconomics, by the author of the bestselling The Undercover Economist. Thanks to the worldwide financial upheaval, economics is no longer a topic we can ignore. From politicians to hedge-fund managers to middle-class IRA holders, everyone must pay attention to how and why the global economy works the way it does. Enter Financial Times columnist and bestselling author Tim Harford. In this new book that demystifies macroeconomics, Harford strips away the spin, the hype, and the jargon to reveal the truth about how the world’s economy actually works. With the wit of a raconteur and the clear grasp of an expert, Harford explains what’s really happening beyond today’s headlines, why all of us should care, and what we can do about it to understand it better. ISBN: 9780691135847.PrincetonUniversityPress,280p.$39.50 Publication Date: 2010 In this landmark work of economic sociology, Lucien Karpik introduces the theory and practical tools needed to analyze markets for singularities. Singularities are goods and services that cannot be studied by standard methods because they are multidimensional, incommensurable, and of uncertain quality. Examples include movies, novels, music, artwork, fine wine, lawyers, and doctors. Valuing the Unique provides a theoretical framework to explain this important class of products and markets that for so long have eluded neoclassical economics. With this innovative theory--called the economics of singularities--Karpik shows that, because of the uncertainty and the highly subjective valuation of singularities, these markets are necessarily equipped with what he calls "judgment devices"--such as labels, brands, guides, critics, and rankings--which provide consumers with the credible knowledge needed to make reasonable choices. He explains why these markets are characterized by the primacy of competition by qualities over competition by prices, and he identifies the conditions under which singularities are constructed or are in danger of losing their uniqueness. Call Number: HG230.3 .W49 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262027342. 359 p., M.I.T Press, $27.95 Publication Date: 2014 Since 2008, economic policymakers and researchers have occupied a brave new economicworld. Previous consensuses have been upended, former assumptions have been cast into doubt, and newapproaches have yet to stand the test of time. Policymakers have been forced to improvise andresearchers to rethink basic theory. George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate and one of this volume'seditors, compares the crisis to a cat stuck in a tree, afraid to move. In April 2013, theInternational Monetary Fund brought together leading economists and economic policymakers to discussthe slowly emerging contours of the macroeconomic future. This book offers their combined insights.The editors and contributors--who include the Nobel Laureate and bestselling author Joseph Stiglitz,Federal Reserve Vice Chair Janet Yellen, and the former Governor of the Bank of Israel StanleyFischer--consider the lessons learned from the crisis and its aftermath. They discuss, among otherthings, post-crisis questions about the traditional policy focus on inflation; macroprudential tools(which focus on the stability of the entire financial system rather than of individual firms) andtheir effectiveness; fiscal stimulus, public debt, and fiscal consolidation; and exchange ratearrangements. Call Number: HC59.3 .W47 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780300170313.YaleUniversityPress, 332p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2011 The world spins in economic turmoil, and who can tell what will happen next? Cold numbers and simple statistical projections don't take into account social, financial, or political factors that can dramatically alter the economic course of a nation or a region. In this unique book, more than twenty leading economists and experts render thorough, rigorously researched prognoses for the world's major economies over the next five years. Factoring in such varied issues as the price of oil, the strength of the U.S. dollar, geopolitics, tax policies, and new developments in investment decision making, the contributors ground their predictions in the realities of current events, political conditions, and the health of financial institutions in each national economy. The most comprehensive volume on the global economy available today, this book presents up-to-date research on Russia, Australia, Europe, sub-Saharan and South Africa, the major Asian economies, North America, and the largest economies of Latin America. With unsurpassed expertise, the authors explain what's going on in individual countries, how important current global issues will impact them, and what economic scenarios they most likely will face in upcoming years. Call Number: HB171 .W43 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9781907994043. London Publishing Partnership, 197 p., $27.99 Publication Date: 2012 With the financial crisis continuing after five years, people are questioning why economics failed either to send an adequate early warning ahead of the crisis or to resolve it quickly. The gap between important real-world problems and the workhorse mathematical model-based economics being taught to students has become a chasm. This book examines what economists need to bring to their jobs, and the way in which education in universities could be improved to fit graduates better for the real world. Call Number: HJ8101.J64 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780307906960. Pantheon, 352 p., $26.95 Publication Date: 2012 America is mired in debt-more than $30,000 for every man, woman, and child. Bitter fighting over deficits, taxes, and spending bedevils Washington, D.C., even as partisan gridlock has brought the government to the brink of default. Yet the more politicians on both sides of the aisle rant and the citizenry fumes, the more things seem to remain the same. InWhite House Burning,Simon Johnson and James Kwak-authors of the national best seller13 Bankersand cofounders ofThe Baseline Scenario,a widely cited blog on economics and public policy-demystify the national debt, explaining whence it came and, even more important, what it means to you and to future generations. They tell the story of the Founding Fathers’ divisive struggles over taxes and spending. They chart the rise of the almighty dollar, which makes it easy for the United States to borrow money. They account for the debasement of our political system in the 1980s and 1990s, which produced today’s dysfunctional and impotent Congress. And they show how, if we persist on our current course, the national debt will harm ordinary Americans by reducing the number of jobs, lowering living standards, increasing inequality, and forcing a sudden and drastic reduction in the government services we now take for granted. But Johnson and Kwak also provide a clear and compelling vision for how our debt crisis can be solved while strengthening our economy and preserving the essential functions of government. They debunk the myth that such crucial programs as Social Security and Medicare must be slashed to the bone.White House Burninglooks squarely at the burgeoning national debt and proposes to defuse its threat to our well-being without forcing struggling middle-class families and the elderly into poverty. Carefully researched and informed by the same compelling storytelling and lucid analysis as13 Bankers, White House Burningis an invaluable guide to the central political and economic issue of our time. It is certain to provoke vigorous debate. Call Number: HC59.7 .E22 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 1594200378.PenguinPress,436p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2006 In his previous book, The Elusive Quest for Growth, William Easterly criticized the utter ineffectiveness of Western organizations to mitigate global poverty, and he was promptly fired by his then-employer, the World Bank. The White Man's Burden is his widely anticipated counterpunch—a brilliant and blistering indictment of the West's economic policies for the world's poor. Sometimes angry, sometimes irreverent, but always clear-eyed and rigorous, Easterly argues that we in the West need to face our own history of ineptitude and draw the proper conclusions, especially at a time when the question of our ability to transplant Western institutions has become one of the most pressing issues we face. Call Number: HB501 |b .M45 2012eb e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780199859573.OxfordUniversityPress,154p.,$21.95 Publication Date: 2012 A review of the headlines of the past decade seems to show that disasters are often part of capitalist systems: the high-tech bubble, the Enron fraud, the Madoff Ponzi scheme, the great housing bubble, massive lay-offs, and a widening income gap. Disenchantment with the market economy hasreached the point that many even question capitalism itself. Allan H. Meltzer disagrees, passionately and persuasively. Drawing on deep expertise as a financial historian and authority on economic theory, he provides a resounding answer to the question, "why capitalism?" Only capitalism, he writes, maximizes both growth and individual freedom. Unlikesocialism, capitalism is adaptive, not rigid - private ownership of the means of production flourishes wherever it takes root, regardless of culture. Laws intended to tamper with its fundamental dynamics, such as those that redistribute wealth, fail. European countries boasting extensive welfareprograms have not surpassed the more market-oriented United States. Capitalism does require a strong legal framework, Meltzer writes, and it does not solve all problems efficiently. But he finds that its problems stem from universal human weaknesses - such as dishonesty, venality, and expediency -which are not specific to capitalism. Along the way, he systematically analyzes the role of government, positing that regulations are static, but markets are dynamic, usually seeking ways to skirt the rules. Regulation is socially useful if it brings private costs into line with social costs (forexample, the cost of taxes to hire policemen compared to that of the impact of rampant crime); if it doesn't, regulation simply invites circumvention. Vigorously argued, sweeping in scope, Why Capitalism? reminds us of the fundamental vitality of the one economic system that has survived every challenge, and risen to dominate the globe. Call Number: HQ1381 .E89 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691121734. Princeton University Press, 392 p., $45.00 Publication Date: 2014 Gender matters in economics—for even with today’s technology, fertility choices, market opportunities, and improved social norms, economic outcomes for women remain markedly worse than for men. Drawing on insights from feminism, postmodernism, psychology, evolutionary biology, Marxism, and politics, this textbook provides a rigorous economic look at issues confronting women throughout the world—including nonmarket scenarios, such as marriage, family, fertility choice, and bargaining within households, as well as market areas, like those pertaining to labor and credit markets and globalization. Mukesh Eswaran examines how women’s behavioral responses in economic situations and their bargaining power within the household differ from those of men. Eswaran then delves into the far-reaching consequences of these differences in both market and nonmarket domains. The author considers how women may be discriminated against in labor and credit markets, how their family and market circumstances interact, and how globalization has influenced their lives. Eswaran also investigates how women have been empowered through access to education, credit, healthcare, and birth control; changes in ownership laws; the acquisition of suffrage; and political representation. Throughout, Eswaran applies sound economic analysis and new modeling approaches, and each chapter concludes with exercises and discussion questions. This textbook gives readers the necessary tools for thinking about gender from an economic perspective. Addresses economic issues for women throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries Looks at both market and nonmarket domains Requires only a background in basic economic principles Includes the most recent research on the economics of gender in a range of areas Concludes each chapter with exercises and discussion questions Call Number: HF1359 .W6534 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0300102526.YaleUniversityPress,398p. Publication Date: 2004 The debate on globalization has reached a level of intensity that inhibits comprehension and obscures the issues. In this book a highly distinguished international economist scrupulously explains how globalization works as a concept and how it operates in reality. Martin Wolf confronts the charges against globalization, delivers a devastating critique of each, and offers a realistic scenario for economic internationalism in the future. Wolf begins by outlining the history of the global economy in the twentieth century and explaining the mechanics of world trade. He dissects the agenda of globalization's critics, and rebuts the arguments that it undermines sovereignty, weakens democracy, intensifies inequality, privileges the multi-national corporation, and devastates the environment. The author persuasively defends the principles of international economic integration, arguing that the biggest obstacle to global economic progress has been the failure not of the market, but of politics and government, in rich countries as well as poor. He examines the threat that terrorism poses and maps the way to a global market economy that can work for everyone. Call Number: HB74.P65A28 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780307719218.CrownBusiness,529p.,$30.00 Publication Date: 2012 Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine? Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are? Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence? Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including: - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West? - Are America's best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority? - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson's breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions? Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at-and understand-the world. Call Number: HN89.S6 H33 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781416588696.SimonandSchuster,357p. Publication Date: 2010 A groundbreaking work that identifies the real culprit behind one of the great economic crimes of our time— the growing inequality of incomes between the vast majority of Americans and the richest of the rich. Why do the “have it- alls” have so much more? And how have they managed to restructure the economy to reap the lion’s share of the gains and shift the costs of their new economic playground downward, tearing new holes in the safety net and saddling all of us with increased debt and risk? In their lively and provocative Winner-Take-All Politics, renowned political scientists Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson demonstrate convincingly that the usual suspects—foreign trade and financial globalization, technological changes in the workplace, increased education at the top—are largely innocent of the charges against them. Instead, they indict an unlikely suspect and take us on an entertaining tour of the mountain of evidence against the culprit. The guilty party is American politics. Runaway inequality and the present economic crisis reflect what government has done to aid the rich and what it has not done to safeguard the interests of the middle class. The winner-take-all economy is primarily a result of winner-take-all politics. In an innovative historical departure, Hacker and Pierson trace the rise of the winner-take-all economy back to the late 1970s when, under a Democratic president and a Democratic Congress, a major transformation of American politics occurred. With big business and conservative ideologues organizing themselves to undo the regulations and progressive tax policies that had helped ensure a fair distribution of economic rewards, deregulation got under way, taxes were cut for the wealthiest, and business decisively defeated labor in Washington. And this transformation continued under Reagan and the Bushes as well as under Clinton. Hacker and Pierson’s gripping narration of the epic battles waged during President Obama’s first two years in office reveals an unpleasant but catalyzing truth: winner-take-all politics, while under challenge, is still very much with us. Winner-Take-All Politics shows how a political system that traditionally has been responsive to the interests of the middle class has been hijacked by the superrich. It not only changes how we think about American politics, but also points the way to rebuilding a democracy that serves the interests of the many rather than just those of the wealthy few. Call Number: HB3717 1929 .K55 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780520275850.40thanniversaryedition,UniversityofCaliforniaPress,336p.,$29.95 Publication Date: 2013 In this magisterial account of the Great Depression, MIT economist Charles Kindleberger emphasizes three factors that continue to shape global financial markets: panic, the power of contagion, and importance of hegemony. Reissued on its fortieth anniversary with a new foreword by Barry J. Eichengreen and J. Bradford DeLong, this masterpiece of economic history shows why U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers, during the darkest hours of the 2008 global financial crisis, turned to Kindleberger and his peers for guidance. Call Number: HB135 .M667 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107002975.CambridgeUniversityPress,421p.,$39.99 Publication Date: 2012 During the last two centuries, the way economic science is done has changed radically: it has become a social science based on mathematical models in place of words. This book describes and analyses that change – both historically and philosophically – using a series of case studies to illuminate the nature and the implications of these changes. It is not a technical book; it is written for the intelligent person who wants to understand how economics works from the inside out. This book will be of interest to economists and science studies scholars (historians, sociologists and philosophers of science). But it also aims at a wider readership in the public intellectual sphere, building on the current interest in all things economic and on the recent failure of the so-called economic model, which has shaped our beliefs and the world we live in. Call Number: HB76 .H4 1986 (Library West) ISBN: 067163318X.6thedition,Simon&Schuster,365p.$14.00 Publication Date: 1992 Hailed by John Kenneth Galbraith almost a half century ago as a "brilliant achievement, The Worldly Philosophers with more than 2 million copies sold, not only enables us to see more deeply into our history, but helps us to better understand our own times. Heilbroner provides the new theme that connects thinkers as different as Adam Smith and Karl Marx: the desire to understand how a capitalist society works. It is a focus never more needed than in this age of confusing economic headlines. In a bold new last chapter titled "The End of the Worldly Philosophy?" Heilbroner reminds us that the word "end" refers both to the purpose and the limits of economics. This chapter conveys a concern that today's increasingly "scientific" economics may overlook fundamental social and political issues that are central to economics. Thus, unlike its predecessors, this new edition provides not just an indispensable illumination of our past, but a call to action for our future. Call Number: HB3722 .G76 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199322190. Oxford University Press, 266 p., $27.95 Publication Date: 2013 During the last several years, the world has been rocked by two major economic crises: the US subprime meltdown and the European sovereign debt crisis. Neither of these episodes happened purely by accident. Rather, like many economic disasters, they were the result of poor policy choices. In WRONG: Nine Economic Policy Disasters and What We Can Learn from Them, Richard Grossman examines nine of history's worst economic policy blunders of the last 250 years in order to learn why these policies were adopted and how they went so wrong. Considering events as diverse as trade policy in the 18th century, famine relief policy in the 19th century, post-war reconstruction in the 20th century, and the subprime and sovereign debt crises in the 21st century, WRONG presents detailed post-mortem analyses of some of the world's most severe economic policy failures. Where do bad economic policies come from? The most glaring errors have been made when policy makers have been guided by ideology rather than cold, hard analysis. Presented clearly and jargon-free, Grossman's WRONG provides a valuable guide book for policy makers... and the citizens who elect them.

Chair of the Federal Reserve

On December 14, 1911, Norwegian Roald Amundsen became the first person to visit where?

Home - Economics Books: A Core Collection - UF Business Library at University of Florida Economics Books: A Core Collection Economics Books: A Core Collection: Home A core collection of books on all aspects of economics "Ideas shape the course of history." – John Maynard Keynes ISBN: 9781412961424.1412961424. 2 vols., Sage. Publication Date: 2010 Interest in economics is at an all-time high. Among the challenges facing the nation is an economy with rapidly rising unemployment, failures of major businesses and industries, and continued dependence on oil with its wildly fluctuating price. Americans are debating the proper role of the government in company bailouts, the effectiveness of tax cuts versus increased government spending to stimulate the economy, and potential effects of deflation. Economists have dealt with such questions for generations, but they have taken on new meaning and significance. Tackling these questions and encompassing analysis of traditional economic theory and topics as well as those that economists have only more recently addressed, 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook is intended to meet the needs of several types of readers. The Academic Scribblers by By William Breit and Roger L. Ransom Call Number: HB87 .B72 1998 (Library West) ISBN: 0691059861.Thirdedition,PrincetonUniversityPress,282p.$19.75 Publication Date: 1998 The Academic Scribblers offers a thoughtful and highly literate summary of modern economic thought. It presents the story of economics through the lives of twelve major modern economists, beginning with Alfred Marshall and concluding with Paul Samuelson and Milton Friedman. In a very real sense, this book picks up where Robert Heilbroner's classic The Wordly Philosophers leaves off. Whereas Heilbroner begins with Smith and ends with Joseph Schumpeter, Breit and Ransom bring the story of modern American and British economic theory up to the 1980s. The Academic Scribblers is an elegant summary of modern economic policy debate and an enticement into a happy engagement with the "dismal science" of economics. Call Number: HB103.S6 P455 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780300169270.Yale,345p.$32.50 Publication Date: 2010 Adam Smith (1723–90) is celebrated all over the world as the author of The Wealth of Nations and the founder of modern economics. A few of his ideas—that of the “invisible hand” of the market and that “It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest” have become iconic. Yet Smith saw himself primarily as a philosopher rather than an economist and would never have predicted that the ideas for which he is now best known were his most important. This book shows the extent to which The Wealth of Nations and Smith’s other great work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, were part of a larger scheme to establish a grand “Science of Man,” one of the most ambitious projects of the European Enlightenment and which was only half complete on Smith’s death in 1790. Nick Phillipson reconstructs Smith’s intellectual ancestry and shows what Smith took from, and what he gave to, in the rapidly changing intellectual and commercial cultures of Glasgow and Edinburgh as they entered the great years of the Scottish Enlightenment. Above all he explains how far Smith’s ideas developed in dialogue with those of his closest friend, the other titan of the age, David Hume. Call Number: BF575.F14 H37 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780374100964.Farrar,StrausandGiroux,309p.$27.00 Publication Date: 2011 Outlines a counterintuitive approach to changing the world by assessing its failures, drawing on myriad disciplines to argue that complex challenges must be met through adaptive trial-and-error practices that do not depend on expert opinions or ready-made solutions Call Number: HC106.5 .G32 1998eb e-book (netLibrary) ISBN: 0618094679.40thanniversary,HoughtonMifflin, 276p. Publication Date: 1998 'A compelling challenge to conventional thought' - "New York Times". In this newly updated edition of his classic text on the "economics of abundance", Galbraith lays bare the hazards of individual and social complacency about economic inequality. It is as relevant now, with the ever-widening gap between rich and poor, as when it was first published 40 years ago. Galbraith challenges why we worship work and productivity when so many of the goods we produce are superfluous, and why we grudge spending on public works while ignoring extravagance in the private sector. "The Affluent Society" exemplifies Galbraith's wit, clarity and eloquence of prose. American Amnesia: How the War on Government Led Us to Forget What Made America Great by Jacob S. Hacker; Paul Pierson Call Number: HC106.84 .H33 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781451667820 Publication Date: Simon & Schuster, 2016. $28.00 From the groundbreaking author team behind the bestselling Winner-Take-All Politics, a timely and topical work that examines what’s good for American business and what’s good for Americans—and why those interests are misaligned. In Winner-Take-All Politics, Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson explained how political elites have enabled and propelled plutocracy. Now in American Amnesia, they trace the economic and political history of the United States over the last century and show how a viable mixed economy has long been the dominant engine of America’s prosperity. Like every other prospering democracy, the United States developed a mixed economy that channeled the spirit of capitalism into strong growth and healthy social development. In this bargain, government and business were as much partners as rivals. Public investments in education, science, transportation, and technology laid the foundation for broadly based prosperity. Programs of economic security and progressive taxation provided a floor of protection and business focused on the pursuit of profit—and government addressed needs business could not. The mixed economy was the most important social innovation of the twentieth century. It spread a previously unimaginable level of broad prosperity. It enabled steep increases in education, health, longevity, and economic security. And yet, extraordinarily, it is anathema to many current economic and political elites. And as the advocates of anti-government free market fundamentalist have gained power, they are hell-bent on scrapping the instrument of nearly a century of unprecedented economic and social progress. In American Amnesia, Hacker and Pierson explain how—and why they must be stopped. Call Number: HB74.P8 A494 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691142333.PrincetonUniversityPress,2009.230p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2009 The global financial crisis has made it painfully clear that powerful psychological forces are imperiling the wealth of nations today."Animal spirits" are driving financial events worldwide. In this book, acclaimed economists George Akerlof and Robert Shiller put forward a bold new vision that will transform economics and restore prosperity.Akerlof and Shiller reassert the necessity of an active government role in economic policymaking by recovering the idea of animal spirits, a term John Maynard Keynes used to describe the gloom and despondence that led to the Great Depression and the changing psychology that accompanied recovery. Like Keynes, Akerlof and Shiller know that managing these animal spirits requires the steady hand of government--simply allowing markets to work won't do it. In rebuilding the case for a more robust, behaviorally informed Keynesianism, they detail the most pervasive effects of animal spirits in contemporary economic life--such as confidence and fear, bad faith, corruption, a concern for fairness, and show how Reaganomics, Thatcherism, and the rational expectations revolution failed to account for them.Animal Spiritsoffers a road map for reversing the financial misfortunes besetting us today. Call Number: HC60 .H8195 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780231145626.ColumbiaBusinessSchoolPub.,198p.$22.95. Publication Date: 2009 Over the past twenty years more citizens in China and India have raised themselves out of poverty than anywhere else at any time in history. They accomplished this through the local business sector -- the leading source of prosperity for all rich countries. In most of Africa and other poor regions the business sector is weak, but foreign aid continues to fund government and NGOs. Switching aid to the local business sector in order to cultivate a middle class is the oldest, surest, and only way to eliminate poverty in poor countries.A bold fusion of ethics and smart business, The Aid Trapshows how the same energy, goodwill, and money that we devote to charity can help local business thrive. R. Glenn Hubbard and William Duggan, two leading scholars in business and finance, demonstrate that by diverting a major share of charitable aid into the local business sector of poor countries, citizens can take the lead in the growth of their own economies. Although the aid system supports noble goals, a local well-digging company cannot compete with a foreign charity that digs wells for free. By investing in that local company a sustainable system of development can take root. Call Number: HM35 .L35 1993 (Library West) ISBN: 0029177758.FreePress,241p.$14.00 Publication Date: 1993 Witty economists are about as easy to find as anorexic mezzo-sopranos, natty mujahedeen, and cheerful Philadelphians. But Steven E. Landsburg...is one economist who fits the bill. In a wide-ranging, easily digested, unbelievably contrarian survey of everything from why popcorn at movie houses costs so much to why recycling may actually reduce the number of trees on the planet, the University of Rochester professor valiantly turns the discussion of vexing economic questions into an activity that ordinary people might enjoy. Call Number: HB74.5B69 2012 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9781849808460.EdwardElgar,506p. Publication Date: 2012 In this book, Simon Bowmaker offers a remarkable collection of conversations with leading economists about research in economics. He has selected a broad sample of the great economists of our time, including people whose perspectives span most of the major subdivisions of economics research, from micro to macro, from theoretical to empirical, from rationalist to behavioralist. This innovative volume contains 25 interviews with practicing economists, presenting insightful personal accounts into an often-misunderstood field. Contributors to this volume were asked to reflect on their own experience in economics research, including their methods of working, the process of scientific discovery and knowledge creation, and the challenges of successfully disseminating their work. The unique and compelling interview format showcases each contributor's personal connection to his or her work, presenting a view of current economics research that is technical, comprehensive, and refreshingly human. Both students and current scholars in economics will find much to admire in this book's window into the inner workings of some of the brightest and best-known minds in the field. Call Number: HD30.28 .D587 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393062434.WWNorton&Co., 483p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2008 Game theory means rigorous strategic thinking. It's the art of anticipating your opponent's next moves, knowing full well that your rival is trying to do the same thing to you. Though parts of game theory involve simple common sense, much is counterintuitive, and it can only be mastered by developing a new way of seeing the world. Using a diverse array of rich case studies--from pop culture, TV, movies, sports, politics, and history--the authors show how nearly every business and personal interaction has a game-theory component to it. Are the winners of reality-TV contests instinctive game theorists? Do big-time investors see things that most people miss? What do great poker players know that you don't? Mastering game theory will make you more successful in business and life, and this lively book is the key to that mastery. Call Number: HB171.S376 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674052260.HarvardUniversityPress,356p.,$28.95 Publication Date: 2012 Economists make confident assertions in op-ed columns and on cable news-so why are their explanations often at odds with equally confident assertions from other economists? And why are all economic predictions so rarely borne out? Harnessing his frustration with these contradictions, Jonathan Schlefer set out to investigate how economists arrive at their opinions. While economists cloak their views in the aura of science, what they actually do is make assumptions about the world, use those assumptions to build imaginary economies (known as models), and from those models generate conclusions. Schlefer takes up current controversies such as income inequality and the financial crisis, for which he holds economists in large part accountable. Although theorists won international acclaim for creating models that demonstrated the inherent instability of markets, ostensibly practical economists ignored those accepted theories and instead relied on their blind faith in the invisible hand of unregulated enterprise. Schlefer explains how the politics of economics allowed them to do so. The Assumptions Economists Make renders the behavior of economists much more comprehensible, if not less irrational. Auctions by Timothy P. Hubbard; Harry J. Paarsch Call Number: HF5476 .H83 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780262528535 Publication Date: MIT, 2015. $15.95 Although it is among the oldest of market institutions, the auction is ubiquitous in today's economy, used for everything from government procurement to selling advertising on the Internet to course assignment at MIT's Sloan School. And yet beyond the small number of economists who specialize in the subject, few people understand how auctions really work. This concise, accessible, and engaging book explains both the theory and the practice of auctions. It describes the main auction formats and pricing rules, develops a simple model to explain bidder behavior, and provides a range of real-world examples. The authors explain what constitutes an auction and how auctions can be modeled as games of asymmetric information -- that is, games in which some players know something that other players do not. They characterize behavior in these strategic situations and maintain a focus on the real world by illustrating their discussions with examples that include not just auctions held by eBay and Sotheby's, but those used by Google, the U.S. Treasury, TaskRabbit, and charities. Readers will begin to understand how economists model auctions and how the rules of the auction shape bidder incentives. They will appreciate the role auctions play in our modern economy and understand why these selling mechanisms are so resilient. Call Number: HB74 .P65 H83 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9781476700250.Simon&Schuster,351p.,$28.00 Publication Date: 2013 In this groundbreaking book, two economists explain why economic imbalances cause civil collapse-- and why the United States could be next. From the Ming Dynasty to Ottoman Turkey to imperial Spain, the Great Powers of the world emerged as the greatest economic, political, and military forces of their time--only to collapse into rubble and memory. What is at the root of their demise--and how can the United States stop this pattern from happening again? Glenn Hubbard and Tim Kane present a bold, sweeping account of why powerful nations and civilizations break down under the heavy burden of economic imbalance. Hubbard and Kane compare the twenty-first-century United States to the empires of old and challenge Americans to address the real problems of our country's dysfunctional fiscal imbalance. If there is not a new economics and politics of balance, they show that there will be an inevitable demise ahead. Call Number: HB171.S713 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780465022526. 4th edition, Basic Books, 689 p. $39.95 Publication Date: 2011 The fourth edition of Basic Economics is both expanded and updated. A new chapter on the history of economics itself has been added, and the implications of that history examined. A new section on the special role of corporations in the economy has been added to the chapter on government and big business, among other additions throughout the book. Basic Economics, which has now been translated into six languages, has grown so much that a large amount of material in the back of the book in previous editions has now been put online instead, so the book itself and its price will not have to expand. The central idea of Basic Economics, however, remains the same: that the fundamental facts and principles of economics do not require jargon, graphs, or equations, and can be learned in a relaxed and even enjoyable way. Call Number: HG255 .S837 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691149097.PrincetonUniversityPress,$29.95 Publication Date: 2013 The name of the remote New Hampshire town where representatives of 44 nations gathered in July 1944, in the midst of the century's second great war, has become shorthand for enlightened globalization. The story surrounding the historic Bretton Woods accords is full of startling drama, intrigue, and rivalry, which are vividly brought to life in Steil's epic account. Call Number: HB74 .P8 .P27 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691144023. Princeton University Press, 211 p., $35.00 Publication Date: 2014 A wealth of research in recent decades has seen the economic approach to human behavior extended over many areas previously considered to belong to sociology, political science, law, and other fields. Research has also shown that economics can provide insight into many aspects of sports, including soccer. Beautiful Game Theory is the first book that uses soccer to test economic theories and document novel human behavior. In this brilliant and entertaining book, Ignacio Palacios-Huerta illuminates economics through the world’s most popular sport. He offers unique and often startling insights into game theory and microeconomics, covering topics such as mixed strategies, discrimination, incentives, and human preferences. He also looks at finance, experimental economics, behavioral economics, and neuroeconomics. Soccer provides rich data sets and environments that shed light on universal economic principles in interesting and useful ways. Essential reading for students, researchers, and sports enthusiasts, Beautiful Game Theory is the first book to show what soccer can do for economics. Call Number: QA29.N25 N37 1999 (Library West) ISBN: 0684853701.Simon&Schuster,459p. Publication Date: 1999 At the age of 31 John Nash, mathematical genius, suffered a devastating breakdown and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Yet after decades of leading a ghost-like existence, he was to re-emerge to win a Nobel Prize and world acclaim. The inspiration for a major motion picture directed by Ron Howard, Sylvia Nasar's award-winning biography is a drama about the mystery of the human mind, a triumph over incredible adversity, and the healing power of love. Call Number: HF5386 .H243 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691140469.PrincetonUniversityPress,216p.,$24.95 Publication Date: 2011 The first book to seriously measure the advantages of beauty, Beauty Pays demonstrates how society favors the beautiful and how better-looking people experience startling but undeniable benefits in all aspects of life. Noted economist Daniel Hamermesh shows that the attractive are more likely to be employed, work more productively and profitably, receive more substantial pay, obtain loan approvals, negotiate loans with better terms, and have more handsome and highly educated spouses. Hamermesh illustrates how attractive workers make more money, how these amounts differ by gender, and how looks are valued differently based on profession. He considers whether extra pay for good-looking people represents discrimination, and, if so, who is discriminating. Hamermesh even examines whether government programs should aid the ugly. He also discusses whether the economic benefits of beauty will persist into the foreseeable future and what the "looks-challenged" can do to overcome their disadvantage. Beauty Pays proves that beauty's rewards are anything but superficial. Call Number: HB74.P8 B455 2007 (Library West & Legal information Center) ISBN: 9780691122847.PrincetonUniversityPress,312p.$45.00 Publication Date: 2007 In the last decade, behavioral economics, borrowing from psychology and sociology to explain decisions inconsistent with traditional economics, has revolutionized the way economists view the world. But despite this general success, behavioral thinking has fundamentally transformed only one field of applied economics - finance. Peter Diamond and Hannu Vartiainen's "Behavioral Economics and Its Applications" argues that behavioral economics can have a similar impact in other fields of economics. In this volume, some of the world's leading thinkers in behavioral economics and general economic theory make the case for a much greater use of behavioral ideas in six fields where these ideas have already proved useful but have not yet been fully incorporated - public economics, development, law and economics, health, wage determination, and organizational economics. The result is an attempt to set the agenda of an important development in economics - an agenda that will interest policymakers, sociologists, and psychologists as well as economists. Call Number: HB74.5 .B48 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674036185.HarvardUniversityPress,315p.$45.00 Publication Date: 2010 Better Living Through Economics consists of twelve case studies that demonstrate how economic research has improved economic and social conditions over the past half century by influencing public policy decisions. Economists were obviously instrumental in revising the consumer price index and in devising auctions for allocating spectrum rights to cell phone providers in the 1990s. Economists built the foundation for eliminating the military draft in favor of an all-volunteer army in 1973, for passing the Earned Income Tax Credit in 1975, for deregulating airlines in 1978, for adopting the welfare-to-work reforms during the Clinton administration, and for implementing the Pension Reform Act of 2006 that allowed employers to automatically enroll employees in a 401(k). Other important policy changes resulting from economists’ research include a new approach to monetary policy that resulted in moderated economic fluctuations (at least until 2008!), the reduction of trade impediments that allows countries to better exploit their natural advantages, an improved method of placing new physicians in hospital residencies that is more likely to keep married couples in the same city, and the adoption of tradable emissions rights which has improved our environment at minimum cost. Call Number: HB71 .B37 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691137162.Princeton,312p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2010 One of the central tenets of mainstream economics is Adam Smith's proposition that, given certain conditions, self-interested behavior by individuals leads them to the social good, almost as if orchestrated by an invisible hand. This deep insight has, over the past two centuries, been taken out of context and used as the cornerstone of free-market orthodoxy. In Beyond the Invisible Hand, Kaushik Basu argues that mainstream economics and its conservative popularizers have misrepresented Smith's insight and hampered our understanding of how economies function, why some economies fail and some succeed, and what the nature and role of state intervention might be. Comparing this view of the invisible hand with the vision described by Kafka--in which individuals pursuing their atomistic interests, devoid of moral compunction, end up creating a world that is mean and miserable--Basu argues for collective action and the need to shift our focus from the efficient society to one that is also fair. It maintains that, by ignoring the role of culture and custom, traditional economics promotes the view that the current system is the only viable one, thereby serving the interests of those who do well by this system. Beyond the Invisible Hand challenges readers to fundamentally rethink the assumptions underlying modern economic thought and proves that a more equitable society is both possible and sustainable. By scrutinizing Adam Smith's theory, this impassioned critique of contemporary mainstream economics debunks traditional beliefs regarding best economic practices, self-interest, and the social good. Call Number: HB172.5 .A789 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262019736. 415 p., MITPress,$40.00 Publication Date: 2013 Macroeconomists have been caricatured either as credulous savants in love with thebeauty of their mathematical models or as free-market fundamentalists who admit no doubt as to themarket's wisdom. In this book, Kartik Athreya draws a truer picture, offering a nontechnicaldescription of prominent ideas and models in macroeconomics, arguing for their value as interpretivetools as well as their policy relevance. Athreya deliberately leaves out the technical machinery,providing students new to modern macroeconomics as well as readers with no formal training in economics or mathematics with an essential guide to the sometimes abstract ideas that drive macroeconomists' research and practical policy advice. Athreya describes the main approach to macroeconomic model construction,the foundational Walrasian general equilibrium framework, and its modern version, theArrow-Debreu-McKenzie (ADM) model. In the heart of the book, Athreya shows how the Walrasian approach shapes and unifiesmuch of modern macroeconomics. He details models central to ongoing macroeconomic analyses: theneoclassical and stochastic growth models, the standard incomplete-markets model, theoverlapping-generations model, and the standard search model. Athreya's accessible primer traces thelinks between the views and policy advice of modern macroeconomists and their shared theoreticalapproach. Call Number: HD75 .M439 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0195170024..OxfordUniversityPress,250p.$25.00 Publication Date: 2004 The study of economic development is one of the newest, most exciting, and most challenging branches of the broader discipline of economics and political economy. Although one could claim that Adam Smith was the first "development economist", the systematic study of the problems and processes of economic development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America has emerged only over the past five decades. This biography of the subject of economic development will focus on the essential ideas in the evolution of development thought and policy over the subject's half-century of life. In concise form and avoiding undue technicality, it highlights the influence of development theory on policymaking and on the mixed record of successes and failures in promoting development efforts. Gerald Meier-one of the world's most prominent leading thinkers in the economics of development - interprets the past treatment of development problems with the present and future in mind. He re-interprets the past two generations of development economists in a contemporary voice. And in a forward-looking fashion, the book's perspectives should make the next generation of development problems-and development economists-more intelligible. The reader is invited to consider whether development economists really know how to put matters right. Call Number: HB3722 .B67 2010 (UBORROW) ISBN: 9780765682246.Sharpe. Publication Date: 2010 This timely and authoritative set explores four centuries of good times and hard times in major economies throughout the world. Nearly 400 signed articles cover events from Tulipmania during the 1630s to the U.S. economic stimulus package of 2009, and introduce readers to underlying concepts, economic theories, recurring themes, major institutions, events, and notable figures. Written in a clear, accessible style, Booms and Busts supports history and economics curricula, and provides vital insights and perspective for students, teachers, and the general public--anyone interested in understanding the historical precedents, causes, and longer-term effects of the current global economic crisis. A chronology of major booms and busts throughout history, a glossary of economic terms, sources for further research, a topic finder, and a comprehensive index help make this encyclopedia the definitive reference on one of the most critical issues of our time. Call Number: HC51 .M395 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780226556659.UniversityofChicago,$35.00 Publication Date: 2010 The big economic story of our times is how China and India began to embrace neoliberal ideas of economics and attributed a sense of dignity and liberty to the bourgeoisie they had denied for so long. The result was an explosion in economic growth and proof that economic change depends less on foreign trade, investment, or material causes, and a whole lot more on ideas and what people believe. So says Deirdre N. McCloskey in Bourgeois Dignity, a fiercely contrarian history that wages a similar argument about economics in the West. She turns her attention to seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe to reconsider the birth of the industrial revolution and the rise of capitalism. According to McCloskey, our modern world was not the product of new markets and innovations, but rather the result of shifting opinions about them. During this time, talk of private property, commerce, and even the bourgeoisie itself radically altered, becoming far more approving and flying in the face of prejudices several millennia old. The wealth of nations, then, didn’t grow so dramatically because of economic factors: it grew because rhetoric about markets and free enterprise finally became enthusiastic and encouraging of their inherent dignity. Bourgeois Dignity is a feast of intellectual riches from one of our most spirited and ambitious historians. Bourgeois Equality: How Ideas, Not Capital or institutions, Enriched the World by Deirdre N. McCloskey Call Number: HC79.T4 M4 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780226333991 Publication Date: University of Chicago, 2016. $45.00  There's little doubt that most humans today are better off than their forebears. Stunningly so, the economist and historian Deirdre McCloskey argues in the concluding volume of her trilogy celebrating the oft-derided virtues of the bourgeoisie. The poorest of humanity, McCloskey shows, will soon be joining the comparative riches of Japan and Sweden and Botswana.   Why? Most economists--from Adam Smith and Karl Marx to Thomas Piketty--say the Great Enrichment since 1800 came from accumulated capital. McCloskey disagrees, fiercely. "Our riches," she argues, "were made not by piling brick on brick, bank balance on bank balance, but by piling idea on idea." Capital was necessary, but so was the presence of oxygen. It was ideas, not matter, that drove "trade-tested betterment."  Nor were institutions the drivers. The World Bank orthodoxy of "add institutions and stir" doesn't work, and didn't. McCloskey builds a powerful case for the initiating role of ideas--ideas for electric motors and free elections, of course, but more deeply the bizarre and liberal ideas of equal liberty and dignity for ordinary folk. Liberalism arose from theological and political revolutions in northwest Europe, yielding a unique respect for betterment and its practitioners, and upending ancient hierarchies. Commoners were encouraged to have a go, and the bourgeoisie took up the Bourgeois Deal, and we were all enriched.   Few economists or historians write like McCloskey--her ability to invest the facts of economic history with the urgency of a novel, or of a leading case at law, is unmatched. She summarizes modern economics and modern economic history with verve and lucidity, yet sees through to the really big scientific conclusion. Not matter, but ideas. Big books don't come any more ambitious, or captivating, than Bourgeois Equality. Call Number: HB501 .M5534 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 9780226556635 Publication Date: Chicago, 2006. For a century and a half, the artists and intellectuals of Europe have scorned the bourgeoisie. And for a millennium and a half, the philosophers and theologians of Europe have scorned the marketplace. The bourgeois life, capitalism, Mencken’s “booboisie” and David Brooks’s “bobos”—all have been, and still are, framed as being responsible for everything from financial to moral poverty, world wars, and spiritual desuetude. Countering these centuries of assumptions and unexamined thinking is Deirdre McCloskey’s The Bourgeois Virtues, a magnum opus that offers a radical view: capitalism is good for us. McCloskey’s sweeping, charming, and even humorous survey of ethical thought and economic realities—from Plato to Barbara Ehrenreich—overturns every assumption we have about being bourgeois. Can you be virtuous and bourgeois? Do markets improve ethics? Has capitalism made us better as well as richer? Yes, yes, and yes, argues McCloskey, who takes on centuries of capitalism’s critics with her erudition and sheer scope of knowledge. Applying a new tradition of “virtue ethics” to our lives in modern economies, she affirms American capitalism without ignoring its faults and celebrates the bourgeois lives we actually live, without supposing that they must be lives without ethical foundations. High Noon, Kant, Bill Murray, the modern novel, van Gogh, and of course economics and the economy all come into play in a book that can only be described as a monumental project and a life’s work. The Bourgeois Virtues is nothing less than a dazzling reinterpretation of Western intellectual history, a dead-serious reply to the critics of capitalism—and a surprising page-turner. Call Number: HB75 .C2478 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9814304808.Secondedition,WorldScientific,539p.$43.00 Publication Date: 2011 Blending past present, this brief history of economics is the perfect book for introducing students to the field.A Brief History of Economics illustrates how the ideas of the great economists not only influenced societies but were themselves shaped by their cultural milieu. Understanding the economists' visions - lucidly and vividly unveiled by Canterbery - allows readers to place economics within a broader community of ideas. Magically, the author links Adam Smith to Isaac Newton's idea of an orderly universe, F Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby to Thorstein Veblen, John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath to the Great Depression, and Tom Wolfe's The Bonfire of the Vanities to Reaganomics. The second edition is right up-to-date with a lively discussion of the economic crises of 2007-2010. Often humorous, Canterbery's easy style will make the student's first foray into economics lively and relevant. Readers will dismiss "dismal" from the science. Business Cycle Economics: Understanding Recessions and Depressions From Boom to Bust by Todd A. Knoop Call Number: HB3711 .K627 2015 (Library West, Pending Order) ISBN: 9781440831744 Publication Date: Prager, 2015. $58.00 Presents the empirical data of business cycles and the theories that economists have developed to explain and prevent them, and considers case studies of recessions and depressions in the United States and internationally. * Features four primary forecasting techniques and assesses the effectiveness of these methods in forecasting actual business cycles * Examines the reasons behind the lessening frequency of recessions in postwar America * Makes the subject of economic crises timely and relevant by addressing the recent global financial crisis and the European debt crisis * Reveals how the collapse of the housing market led to a credit crunch and a global economic slowdown Economics Books: C - D The Calculus of Consent by by James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock Call Number: JC423 .B86 (Library West) ISBN: UniversityofMichiganPress,361p.$25.95 Publication Date: 1962 The 'Calculus' is already a book for the ages. This classic work analyses the political organisation of a free society through the lens of the economic organisation of society. The authors acknowledge their unease as economists in analysing the political organisation, but they take the risk of forging into unfamiliar territory because they believe the benefits of their perspective will bear much fruit.As the authors state, their objective in this book is 'to analyze the calculus of the rational individual when he is faced with questions of constitutional choice...We examine the (choice) process extensively only with reference to the problem of decision-making rules'. The authors describe their approach as 'economic individualism'. They believe that economists have explored individual choice extensively in the market sector while social scientists have largely ignored the dynamics of individual decision-making in the dynamics of forming group action in the public sector. Written in the early 1960s, "The Calculus of Consent" has become a bulwark of the public choice movement for which James M. Buchanan is so justly famous. Call Number: HG3881.5.I58 C49 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691142319.PrincetonUniversityPress,352p.$75.00 Publication Date: 2010 The right of governments to employ capital controls has always been the official orthodoxy of the International Monetary Fund, and the organization's formal rules providing this right have not changed significantly since the IMF was founded in 1945. But informally, among the staff inside the IMF, these controls became heresy in the 1980s and 1990s, prompting critics to accuse the IMF of indiscriminately encouraging the liberalization of controls and precipitating a wave of financial crises in emerging markets in the late 1990s. Jeffrey Chwieroth explores the inner workings of the IMF to understand how its staff's thinking about capital controls changed so radically. In doing so, he also provides an important case study of how international organizations work and evolve. Drawing on original survey and archival research, extensive interviews, and scholarship from economics, politics, and sociology, Chwieroth traces the evolution of the IMF's approach to capital controls from the 1940s through spring 2009 and the first stages of the subprime credit crisis. Call Number: HB501 .P43613 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674430006.HarvardUniversityPress, 685 p., $39.95 Publication Date: 2014 Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings will transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. Piketty shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, Piketty says, and may do so again. Capital in the Twenty-First Century reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today. Call Number: HB501 .F7 2002 e-book (netLibrary) and Library West ISBN: 0226264211.Reprintof1982edition,UniversityofChicagoPress,208p.$13.00 Publication Date: 2002 How can we benefit from the promise of government while avoiding the threats it can pose to individual freedom? In this classic book, Milton Friedman answers this question with the definitive statement of his immensely influential economic philosophy, one in which competitive capitalism - the organization of the bulk of economic activity through private enterprise operating in a free market - serves as both a device for achieving economic freedom and a necessary condition for political freedom. In the process, he outlines the role that government should play in a society dedicated to freedom and relying primarily on the market to organize economic activity. Call Number: HB501 .K239 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781586488710.PublicAffairs,397p. Publication Date: 2010 In early 2009, many economists, financiers, and media pundits were confidently predicting the end of the American-led capitalism that has shaped history and economics for the past 100 years. Yet the U.S. economic model, far from being discredited, may be strengthened by the financial crisis. In this provocative book, Anatole Kaletsky re-interprets the financial crisis as part of an evolutionary process inherent to the nature of democratic capitalism. Capitalism, he argues, is resilient. Its first form, Capitalism 1.0, was the classical laissez-faire capitalism that lasted from 1776 until 1930. Next was Capitalism 2.0, New Deal Keynesian social capitalism created in the 1930s and extinguished in the 1970s. Its last mutation, Reagan-Thatcher market fundamentalism, culminated in the financially-dominated globalization of the past decade and triggered the recession of 2009-10. The self-destruction of Capitalism 3.0 leaves the field open for the next phase of capitalism’s evolution. Capitalism is likely to transform in the coming decades into something different. Capitalism: A Short History by Jurgen Kocka Call Number: (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780691165226 Publication Date: Princeton, 2016. $26.95 In this book, one of the world's most renowned historians provides a concise and comprehensive history of capitalism in global perspective from its medieval origins to the 2008 financial crisis and beyond. From early commercial capitalism in the Arab world, China, and Europe, to nineteenth- and twentieth-century industrialization, to today's globalized financial capitalism, Jürgen Kocka offers an unmatched, balanced account of capitalism, one that weighs its huge achievements against its great costs, crises, and failures. Based on intensive research, the book puts the rise of capitalist economies in social, political, and cultural context, and shows how their current problems and foreseeable future are connected to a long history. Sweeping in scope, the book describes how capitalist expansion was connected to colonialism; how industrialism brought unprecedented innovation, growth, and welfare but also increasing inequality; and how managerialism, financialization, and globalization later changed the face of capitalism. The book also addresses the idea of capitalism in the work of thinkers such as Marx, Weber, and Schumpeter, and chronicles how criticism of capitalism is as old as capitalism itself, fed by its persistent contradictions and recurrent emergencies. Authoritative and accessible, Capitalism provides an enlightening account of a force that has shaped the modern world like few others. Call Number: HX86 .S33 1950 (Library West) ISBN: 3rd edition, Harper,431 p. $15.99 Publication Date: 1950 Schumpeter's contention in this text that the seeds of capitalism's decline were internal, and his equal and opposite hostility to centralist socialism have perplexed, engaged and infuriated readers since the book's publication in the 1940s. By refusing to become an advocate for either position Schumpeter was able both to make his own original contribution and to clear the way for a more balanced consideration of one of the most important social movements of the 20th century. Call Number: HB103 .K47 B25 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674057753.HarvardUniversityPress,197p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2011 The Great Recession of 2008 restored John Maynard Keynes to prominence. After decades when the Keynesian revolution seemed to have been forgotten, the great British theorist was suddenly everywhere. The New York Times asked, “What would Keynes have done?” The Financial Times wrote of “the undeniable shift to Keynes.” Le Monde pronounced the economic collapse Keynes’s “revenge.” Two years later, following bank bailouts and Tea Party fundamentalism, Keynesian principles once again seemed misguided or irrelevant to a public focused on ballooning budget deficits. Backhouse and Bateman elaborate the misinformation and caricature that have led to Keynes’s repeated resurrection and interment since his death in 1946. Keynes’s engagement with social and moral philosophy and his membership in the Bloomsbury Group of artists and writers helped to shape his manner of theorizing. He designed models based on how specific kinds of people (such as investors and consumers) actually behave—an approach that runs counter to the idealized agents favored by economists at the end of the century. Keynes wanted to create a revolution in the way the world thought about economic problems. He saw capitalism as essential to a society’s well-being but also morally flawed, and he sought a corrective for its main defect: the failure to stabilize investment. Keynes’s nuanced views, the authors suggest, offer an alternative to the polarized rhetoric often evoked by the word “capitalism” in today’s political debates. Call Number: HB172.K67 2010(Library West) ISBN: 9780809094813.HillandWang,224p.$17.95 Publication Date: 2001 The award-winning illustrator Grady Klein has paired up with the world’s only stand-up economist, Yoram Bauman, PhD, to take the dismal out of the dismal science. The Cartoon Introduction to Economics is the most digestible, explicable, and humorous 200-page introduction to microeconomics you’ll ever read. Bauman has put the “comedy” into “economy” at comedy clubs and universities around the country and around the world (his “Principles of Economics, Translated” is a YouTube cult classic). As an educator at both the university and high school levels, he has learned how to make economics relevant to today’s world and today’s students. As Google’s chief economist, Hal Varian, wrote, “You don’t need a brand-new economics. You just need to see the really cool stuff, the material they didn’t get to when you studied economics.” The Cartoon Introduction to Economics is all about integrating the really cool stuff into an overview of the entire discipline of microeconomics. Rendering the cool stuff fun is the artistry of the illustrator and lauded graphic novelist Klein. So if the vertiginous economy or a dour professor’s 600-page econ textbook has you desperate for a fun, factual guide to economics, reach for The Cartoon Introduction to Economics and let the collaborative genius of the Klein-Bauman team walk you through an entire introductory microeconomics course. Call Number: HB172 .K67 2012 v.2 (Library West) ISBN: 9780809033614. HillandWang,$17.95 Publication Date: 2011 Need to understand today’s economy? This is the book for you. The Cartoon Introduction to Economics, Volume Two: Macroeconomics is the most accessible, intelligible, and humorous introduction to unemployment, inflation, and debt you’ll ever read. Whereas Volume One: Microeconomics dealt with the optimizing individual, Volume Two: Macroeconomics explains the factors that affect the economy of an entire country, and indeed the planet. It explores the two big concerns of macroeconomics: how economies grow and why economies collapse. It illustrates the basics of the labor market and explains what the GDP is and what it measures, as well as the influence of government, trade, and technology on the economy. Along the way, it covers the economics of global poverty, climate change, and the business cycle. In short, if any of these topics have cropped up in a news story and caused you to wish you grasped the underlying basics, buy this book. Call Number: HB98.3 .O87 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9781932841145.Agate,432p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2007 At its narrowest definition, "Chicago School" refers to a movement in economics whose central figure was Milton Friedman. At its broadest definition, the term refers to a system of research encouraged at the University of Chicago since its founding in 1892, which has produced luminaries in the natural and social sciences and a distinctive style of exposition and debate. This book begins with both definitions and explores how the broad Chicago tradition attracted and shaped the researchers who built an intellectual movement that not only revolutionized economics and finance, but was deeply influential in law, sociology and government. Emphasizing the links between the lives and ideas of dozens of famous Chicago researchers, it spans many intellectual fields over more that a century. The sometimes dizzying result is held together by core principles that define the Chicago tradition: insistence that ideas must be supported by both theory and data, hard work and vigorous debate. Chicagonomics: The Evolution of Chicago Free Market Economics by Lanny Ebenstein Call Number: HB98.3 .E235 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780230621954 Publication Date: St. Martin's Press, 2015. $29.99 Chicagonomics explores the history and development of classical liberalism as taught and explored at the University of Chicago. Ebenstein's tenth book in the history of economic and political thought, it deals specifically in the area of classical liberalism, examining the ideas of Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, and is the first comprehensive history of economics at the University of Chicago from the founding of the University in 1892 until the present. The reader will learn why Chicago had such influence, to what extent different schools of thought in economics existed at Chicago, the Chicago tradition, vision, and what Chicago economic perspectives have to say about current economic and social circumstances. Ebenstein enlightens the personal and intellectual relationships among leading figures in economics at the University of Chicago, including Jacob Viner, Frank Knight, Henry Simons, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, Aaron Director, and Friedrich Hayek. He recasts classical liberal thought from Adam Smith to the present. Call Number: HB87 .W45 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107012424.CambridgeUniversityPress,428p.,$150.00 Publication Date: 2012 The Clash of Economic Ideas interweaves the economic history of the last hundred years with the history of economic doctrines to understand how contrasting economic ideas have originated and developed over time to take their present forms. It traces the connections running from historical events to debates among economists, and from the ideas of academic writers to major experiments in economic policy. The treatment offers fresh perspectives on laissez faire, socialism and fascism; the Roaring Twenties, business cycle theories and the Great Depression; Institutionalism and the New Deal; the Keynesian Revolution; and war, nationalization and central planning. After 1945, the work explores the postwar revival of invisible-hand ideas; economic development and growth, with special attention to contrasting policies and thought in Germany and India; the gold standard, the interwar gold-exchange standard, the postwar Bretton Woods system and the Great Inflation; public goods and public choice; free trade versus protectionism; and finally fiscal policy and public debt. Call Number: QC903 .N8545 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780300189773.YaleUniversityPress, 378 p., $30.00 Publication Date: 2013 Climate change is profoundly altering our world in ways that pose major risks to human societies and natural systems. We have entered the Climate Casino and are rolling the global-warming dice, warns economist William Nordhaus. But there is still time to turn around and walk back out of the casino, and in this essential book the author explains how. nbsp; Bringing together all the important issues surrounding the climate debate, Nordhaus describes the science, economics, and politics involved—and the steps necessary to reduce the perils of global warming. Using language accessible to any concerned citizen and taking care to present different points of view fairly, he discusses the problem from start to finish: from the beginning, where warming originates in our personal energy use, to the end, where societies employ regulations or taxes or subsidies to slow the emissions of gases responsible for climate change. nbsp; Nordhaus offers a new analysis of why earlier policies, such as the Kyoto Protocol, failed to slow carbon dioxide emissions, how new approaches can succeed, and which policy tools will most effectively reduce emissions. In short, he clarifies a defining problem of our times and lays out the next critical steps for slowing the trajectory of global warming. Call Number: HM708 .S43 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0691118213.PrincetonUniversityPress,320p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2004 Human beings are the only species in nature to have developed an elaborate division of labor between strangers. Even something as simple as buying a shirt depends on an astonishing web of interaction and organization that spans the world. But unlike that other uniquely human attribute, language, our ability to cooperate with strangers did not evolve gradually through our prehistory. Only 10,000 years ago -- a blink of an eye in evolutionary time -- humans hunted in bands, were intensely suspicious of strangers, and fought those whom they could not flee. Yet since the dawn of agriculture we have refined the division of labor to the point where, today, we live and work amid strangers and depend upon millions more. In The Company of Strangers, Paul Seabright provides an original evolutionary and sociological account of the emergence of those economic institutions that manage not only markets but also the world's myriad other affairs. Seabright explores how our evolved ability of abstract reasoning has allowed institutions like money, markets, and cities to provide the foundation of social trust. But how long can the networks of modern life survive when we are exposed as never before to risks originating in distant parts of the globe? This lively narrative shows us the remarkable strangeness, and fragility, of our everyday lives. Call Number: HC21 .C33 2003 (Library West) ISBN: 0195127048.OxfordUniversityPress,Fourthedition.463p. Publication Date: 2003 The fourth edition of this comprehensive economic history of the world from paleolithic times to the present takes into account the dramatic recent events that have completely realigned the economies and polities of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and offers additional background and perspective on the non-European world, a completely revised chapter on non-Western economies on the eve of Western expansion, and a new chapter on the world economy at the end of the twentieth century. Grounded in modern economic theory, but written in non-technical language in an engaging narrative style accessible even to non-specialists, the new edition highlights historic and recent events that have contributed to prosperity and material well-being—that is, to "development"—as well as those that have resulted in continued "underdevelopment" for large areas of the world. Cameron places the contemporary world economy, especially recent developments in Eastern Europe, the European Community, and the Persian Gulf, into broad historical perspective, making both the former East-West rivalry and the North-South split more understandable. Call Number: HB61 .C647 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780865976658..LibertyFund,637p.$34.00 Publication Date: 2008 In this user-friendly volume, respected economist David R. Henderson brings together 152 of the most brilliant minds in economics to show how the analysis of economic topics can illuminate many aspects of the average person's daily life. Some of the noted contributors include Nobel Prize winners, Gary Becker and George Stigler, former presidential economic advisors, financial columnists, and economists such as Armen Alchian, Don Boudreaux, Deepak Lal, Anna Schwartz, Lawrence Summers, and Murray Rothbard.The entries cover numerous topics, including basic concepts, discrimination and labour issues, corporations and financial markets, economics of legal issues, regulation, environmental regulation, taxes, economic policy, macroeconomics, money and banking, international economics, economic systems, schools of economic thought, and more. The encyclopaedia provides the reader with a wealth of economic analysis about important issues in a comprehensive, yet readable and engaging format. Originally published as "The Fortune Encyclopedia of Economics" and now thoroughly revised and updated, this Liberty Fund edition contains numerous new entries, updates of previously published articles, and a new introduction and index. Call Number: HB172.5 .M68 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 9781422101797.HarvardBusinessSchoolPress,189p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2006 Now more than ever before, executives and managers need to understand their larger economic context. In A Concise Guide to Macroeconomics, David Moss leverages his many years of teaching experience at Harvard Business School to lay out important macroeconomic concepts in engaging, clear, and concise terms. In a simple and intuitive way, he breaks down the ideas into "output," "money," and "expectations." In addition, Moss introduces powerful tools for interpreting the big-picture economic developments that shape events in the contemporary business arena. Detailed examples are also drawn from history to illuminate important concepts. This book is destined to become a staple in MBA courses-as well as the go-to resource for executives and managers at all levels seeking to brush up on their knowledge of macroeconomic dynamics. Concrete Economics: The Hamilton Approach to Economic Growth and Policy by Stephen S. Cohen; J. Bradford DeLong Call Number: HC106.84 .C64 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781422189818 Publication Date: HBR Press, 2016. $28.00 History, not ideology, holds the key to growth. Brilliantly written and argued, Concrete Economics shows how government has repeatedly reshaped the American economy ever since Alexander Hamilton’s first, foundational redesign. This book does not rehash the sturdy and long-accepted arguments that to thrive, entrepreneurial economies need a broad range of freedoms. Instead, Steve Cohen and Brad DeLong remedy our national amnesia about how our economy has actually grown and the role government has played in redesigning and reinvigorating it throughout our history. The government not only sets the ground rules for entrepreneurial activity but directs the surges of energy that mark a vibrant economy. This is as true for present-day Silicon Valley as it was for New England manufacturing at the dawn of the nineteenth century. The authors’ argument is not one based on abstract ideas, arcane discoveries, or complex correlations. Instead it is based on the facts--facts that were once well known but that have been obscured in a fog of ideology--of how the US economy benefited from a pragmatic government approach to succeed so brilliantly. Understanding how our economy has grown in the past provides a blueprint for how we might again redesign and reinvigorate it today, for such a redesign is sorely needed. Confronting Capitalism: Real Solutions for a Troubled Economic System by Philip Kotler Call Number: HB501 .K5966 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780814436455 Publication Date: AMACOM, 2015. $26.00 With the fall of the Berlin Wall, one economic modelemerged triumphant. Capitalism - spanning a spectrumfrom laissez faire to authoritarian - shapes the market economies of all the wealthiest and fastest-growing nations. But trouble is cracking its shiny veneer. In the U.S., Europe, and Japan, economic growth has slowed down. Wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few; natural re sources are exploited for short-term profit; and good jobs are hard to find. With piercing clarity, Philip Kotler explains 14 major problems undermining capitalism, including persistent poverty, job creation in the face of automation, high debt burdens, the disproportionate influence of the wealthy on public policy, steep environmental costs, boom-bust economic cycles, and more. Amidst its dire assessment of what's ailing us, Confronting Capitalism delivers a heartening message: We can turn things around. Movements toward shared prosperity and a higher purpose are reinvigorating companies large and small, while proposals abound on government policies that offer protections without stagnation. Kotler identifies the best ideas, linking private and public initiatives into a force for positive change. Combining economic history, expert insight, business lessons, and recent data, this landmark book elucidates today's critical dilemmas and suggests solutions for returning to a healthier, more sustainable Capitalism - that works for all. Call Number: HB90 .W65 201 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780262517836.MITPress,406p.,$35.00 Publication Date: 2012 Contending Economic Theories offers a unique comparative treatment of the three main theories in economics as it is taught today: neoclassical, Keynesian,and Marxian. The authors identify each theory's starting point, its goals and foci, and its internal logic. They connect their comparative theory analysis to the larger policy issues that divide the rival camps of theorists around such central issues as the role government should play in the economy and the class structure of production, stressing the different analytical, policy, and social decisions that flow from each theory's conceptualization of economics. The authors, building on their earlier book Economics: Marxian versus Neoclassical, offer an expanded treatment of Keynesian economics and a comprehensive introduction to Marxian economics, including its class analysis of society. Beyond providing asystematic explanation of the logic and structure of standard neoclassical theory, they analyzerecent extensions and developments of that theory around such topics as market imperfections,information economics, new theories of equilibrium, and behavioral economics, considering whetherthese advances represent new paradigms or merely adjustments to the standard theory. They alsoexplain why economic reasoning has varied among these three approaches throughout the twentiethcentury, and why this variation continues today--as neoclassical views give way to new Keynesianapproaches in the wake of the economic collapse of 2008. Contending Perspectives in Economics: A Guide to Contemporary Schools of Thought by John Harvey Call Number: (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780857932037 Publication Date: Elgar, 2015. $99.95 'Fifty years ago I used Robert L. Heilbroner's The Worldly Philosophers to get students excited about economics. Today I would use John T. Harvey's Contending Perspectives in Economics. The book is beautifully written and full of insights into who economists are and why they think the way they do.'-Paul D. Bush, California State University, USThis accessible book provides a non-technical yet rigorous introduction to the various competing schools of thought in economics including Neoclassical, Marxist, Austrian, Post Keynesian, Institutionalist, New Institutionalist, and Feminist. The unique features of each approach are highlighted, complemented by discussions of methodology, world views, popular themes, and current activities. Importantly, the book also examines common criticisms and how each school responds. In the interest of preserving balance and accuracy, every chapter covering a heterodox school of thought has been vetted by an acknowledged expert in that particular field. Though written for use in undergraduate courses, this guide will no doubt offer a great deal to any scholar wishing to gain a fresh perspective and greater understanding of the variety and breadth of current economic thinking. Call Number: HD2961.B687 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691151250.PrincetonUniversityPress,262p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis—pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior—show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers.The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment.A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative. Call Number: HJ2381 .S737 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0877667209.2ndedition.UrbanInstitutePress,334p.$29.50 Publication Date: 2007 "Contemporary U.S. Tax Policy is, at its heart, an exciting, if not always pretty, tale of democratic decisionmaking," writes C. Eugene Steuerle. The landmark 2004 first edition outlined the principles of taxation in the early postwar period and the tax policy battles that began with the Reagan revolution and continue today. The second edition has been expanded to investigate President George W. Bush's second term in office: the push to privatize Social Security, the stalled tax code revision, the extension of the 2001 tax cuts, and other battles. Tax policy history has always been messy, repetitive, and rancorous. Yet even in a contentious political environment, evolution--and revolution--can occur. Call Number: HQ783 .S694 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780231152143. Columbia University Press, 660 p., $34.95 Publication Date: 2014 It has long been recognized that an improved standard of living results from advances in technology, not from the accumulation of capital. It has also become clear that what truly separates developed from less-developed countries is not just a gap in resources or output but a gap in knowledge. In fact, the pace at which developing countries grow is largely a function of the pace at which they close that gap. Thus, to understand how countries grow and develop, it is essential to know how they learn and become more productive and what government can do to promote learning. In Creating a Learning Society, Joseph E. Stiglitz and Bruce C. Greenwald cast light on the significance of this insight for economic theory and policy. Taking as a starting point Kenneth J. Arrow's 1962 paper "Learning by Doing," they explain why the production of knowledge differs from that of other goods and why market economies alone typically do not produce and transmit knowledge efficiently. Closing knowledge gaps and helping laggards learn are central to growth and development. But creating a learning society is equally crucial if we are to sustain improved living standards in advanced countries. Stiglitz and Greenwald provide new models of "endogenous growth," up-ending the thinking about both domestic and global policy and trade regimes. They show how well-designed government trade and industrial policies can help create a learning society, and how poorly designed intellectual property regimes can retard learning. The volume concludes with brief commentaries from Philippe Aghion and Michael Woodford, as well as from Nobel Laureates Kenneth J. Arrow and Robert M. Solow. Call Number: HB3722 .R68 2010 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9781594202506.PenguinPress,353p. Publication Date: 2010 Nouriel Roubini and Stephen Mihm, a professor of economic history and a New York Times Magazine writer, show that financial cataclysms are as old and as ubiquitous as capitalism itself. The last two decades alone have witnessed comparable crises in countries as diverse as Mexico, Thailand, Brazil, Pakistan, and Argentina. All of these crises-not to mention the more sweeping cataclysms such as the Great Depression-have much in common with the current downturn. Bringing lessons of earlier episodes to bear on our present predicament, Roubini and Mihm show how we can recognize and grapple with the inherent instability of the global financial system, understand its pressure points, learn from previous episodes of "irrational exuberance," pinpoint the course of global contagion, and plan for our immediate future. Perhaps most important, the authors-considering theories, statistics, and mathematical models with the skepticism that recent history warrants- explain how the world's economy can get out of the mess we're in, and stay out. A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy by Joel Mokyr Call Number: HD75 .M65 2016 (Library West, Forthcoming) ISBN: 9780691168883 Publication Date: Princeton, 2016. $35.00 During the late eighteenth century, innovations in Europe triggered the Industrial Revolution and the sustained economic progress that spread across the globe. While much has been made of the details of the Industrial Revolution, what remains a mystery is why it took place at all. Why did this revolution begin in the West and not elsewhere, and why did it continue, leading to today's unprecedented prosperity? In this groundbreaking book, celebrated economic historian Joel Mokyr argues that a culture of growth specific to early modern Europe and the European Enlightenment laid the foundations for the scientific advances and pioneering inventions that would instigate explosive technological and economic development. Bringing together economics, the history of science and technology, and models of cultural evolution, Mokyr demonstrates that culture--the beliefs, values, and preferences in society that are capable of changing behavior--was a deciding factor in societal transformations. Mokyr looks at the period 1500-1700 to show that a politically fragmented Europe fostered a competitive "market for ideas" and a willingness to investigate the secrets of nature. At the same time, a transnational community of brilliant thinkers known as the "Republic of Letters" freely circulated and distributed ideas and writings. This political fragmentation and the supportive intellectual environment explain how the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not China, despite similar levels of technology and intellectual activity. In Europe, heterodox and creative thinkers could find sanctuary in other countries and spread their thinking across borders. In contrast, China's version of the Enlightenment remained controlled by the ruling elite. Combining ideas from economics and cultural evolution, A Culture of Growth provides startling reasons for why the foundations of our modern economy were laid in the mere two centuries between Columbus and Newton. The Curse of Cash by Kenneth S. Rogoff Call Number: HG350 .R64 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780691172132 Publication Date: Princeton, 2016. $29.95 From the New York Times bestselling author of This Time Is Different, "a fascinating and important book" (Ben Bernanke) about phasing out most paper money to fight crime and tax evasion--and to battle financial crises by tapping the power of negative interest rates The world is drowning in cash--and it's making us poorer and less safe. In The Curse of Cash, Kenneth Rogoff, one of the world's leading economists, makes a persuasive and fascinating case for an idea that until recently would have seemed outlandish: getting rid of most paper money. Even as people in advanced economies are using less paper money, there is more cash in circulation--a record $1.4 trillion in U.S. dollars alone, or $4,200 for every American, mostly in $100 bills. And the United States is hardly exceptional. So what is all that cash being used for? The answer is simple: a large part is feeding tax evasion, corruption, terrorism, the drug trade, human trafficking, and the rest of a massive global underground economy. As Rogoff shows, paper money can also cripple monetary policy. In the aftermath of the recent financial crisis, central banks have been unable to stimulate growth and inflation by cutting interest rates significantly below zero for fear that it would drive investors to abandon treasury bills and stockpile cash. This constraint has paralyzed monetary policy in virtually every advanced economy, and is likely to be a recurring problem in the future. The Curse of Cash offers a plan for phasing out most paper money--while leaving small-denomination bills and coins in circulation indefinitely--and addresses the issues the transition will pose, ranging from fears about privacy and price stability to the need to provide subsidized debit cards for the poor. While phasing out the bulk of paper money will hardly solve the world's problems, it would be a significant step toward addressing a surprising number of very big ones. Provocative, engaging, and backed by compelling original arguments and evidence, The Curse of Cash is certain to spark widespread debate. Call Number: HB95 .F723 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691153193.PrincetonUniversity,$26.95 Publication Date: 2011 Who was the greater economist—Adam Smith or Charles Darwin? The question seems absurd. Darwin, after all, was a naturalist, not an economist. But Robert Frank, New York Times economics columnist and best-selling author of The Economic Naturalist, predicts that within the next century Darwin will unseat Smith as the intellectual founder of economics. The reason, Frank argues, is that Darwin's understanding of competition describes economic reality far more accurately than Smith's. And the consequences of this fact are profound. Indeed, the failure to recognize that we live in Darwin's world rather than Smith's is putting us all at risk by preventing us from seeing that competition alone will not solve our problems. Smith's theory of the invisible hand, which says that competition channels self-interest for the common good, is probably the most widely cited argument today in favor of unbridled competition—and against regulation, taxation, and even government itself. But what if Smith's idea was almost an exception to the general rule of competition? That's what Frank argues, resting his case on Darwin's insight that individual and group interests often diverge sharply. Far from creating a perfect world, economic competition often leads to "arms races," encouraging behaviors that not only cause enormous harm to the group but also provide no lasting advantages for individuals, since any gains tend to be relative and mutually offsetting. The good news is that we have the ability to tame the Darwin economy. The best solution is not to prohibit harmful behaviors but to tax them. By doing so, we could make the economic pie larger, eliminate government debt, and provide better public services, all without requiring painful sacrifices from anyone. That's a bold claim, Frank concedes, but it follows directly from logic and evidence that most people already accept. Call Number: HG3756.U54 H96 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691140681.PrincetonUniversityPress,378p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 Before the twentieth century, personal debt resided on the fringes of the American economy, the province of small-time criminals and struggling merchants. By the end of the century, however, the most profitable corporations and banks in the country lent money to millions of American debtors. How did this happen? The first book to follow the history of personal debt in modern America, Debtor Nation traces the evolution of debt over the course of the twentieth century, following its transformation from fringe to mainstream—thanks to federal policy, financial innovation, and retail competition. How did banks begin making personal loans to consumers during the Great Depression? Why did the government invent mortgage-backed securities?Examining the intersection of government and business in everyday life, Louis Hyman takes the reader behind the scenes of the institutions that made modern lending possible: the halls of Congress, the boardrooms of multinationals, and the back rooms of loan sharks. America's newfound indebtedness resulted not from a culture in decline, but from changes in the larger structure of American capitalism that were created, in part, by the choices of the powerful—choices that made lending money to facilitate consumption more profitable than lending to invest in expanded production. From the origins of car financing to the creation of subprime lending, Debtor Nation presents a nuanced history of consumer credit practices in the United States and shows how little loans became big business. Call Number: HG3701 .K88 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780307959805.AlfredA.Knopf,331p.,$26.95 Publication Date: 2013 One of our foremost economic thinkers challenges a cherished tenet of today's financial orthodoxy: that spending less, refusing to forgive debt, and shrinking government--"austerity"--is the solution to a persisting economic crisis like ours or Europe's, now in its fifth year. Robert Kuttner makes the most powerful argument to date that austerity is the wrong answer. He makes clear that universal belt-tightening, as a prescription for recession, defies economic logic. And while the public debt gets most of the attention, it is private debts that crashed the economy and are sandbagging the recovery--mortgages, student loans, consumer borrowing to make up for lagging wages, speculative shortfalls incurred by banks. As Kuttner observes, corporations get to use bankruptcy to walk away from debts. Homeowners and small nations don't. Thus, we need more public borrowing and investment to revive a depressed economy, and more forgiveness and reform of the overhang of past debts. Kuttner uncovers the double standards in the politics of debt, from Robinson Crusoe author Daniel Defoe's campaign for debt forgiveness in the seventeenth century to the two world wars and Bretton Woods. Just as debtors' prisons once prevented individuals from surmounting their debts and resuming productive life, austerity measures shackle, rather than restore, economic growth--as the weight of past debt crushes the economy's future potential. Above all, Kuttner shows how austerity serves only the interest of creditors--the very bankers and financial elites whose actions precipitated the collapse. Lucid, authoritative, provocative--a book that will shape the economic conversation and the search for new solutions. Call Number: HB74.P8 C69 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780525950257.Dutton,245p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2007 Freakonomics revealed much about our society. Now, one of America's most respected economists reveals how individuals can turn economic reasoning to their advantage in their daily life—at home, at work, even on vacation. Tyler Cowen explains how understanding the incentives that work best with each individual is the key to successful and satisfactory daily interactions—from getting the kids to do the dishes to having a productive business meeting, attracting a mate to finding a good guide in a foreign country. Discovering your inner economist, Cowen suggests, can lead to a happier, more satisfying life. What better carrot could you ask for? Call Number: HG540 .P73 2014 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780691161129.PrincetonUniversityPress,$35.00 Publication Date: 2014 The U.S. dollar's dominance seems under threat. The near collapse of the U.S. financial system in 2008-2009, political paralysis that has blocked effective policymaking, and emerging competitors such as the Chinese renminbi have heightened speculation about the dollar's looming displacement as the main reserve currency. Yet, as "The Dollar Trap" powerfully argues, the financial crisis, a dysfunctional international monetary system, and U.S. policies have paradoxically strengthened the dollar's importance. Eswar Prasad examines how the dollar came to have a central role in the world economy and demonstrates that it will remain the cornerstone of global finance for the foreseeable future. With vast amounts of foreign financial capital locked up in dollar assets, including U.S. government securities, other countries now have a strong incentive to prevent a dollar crash. Prasad takes the reader through key contemporary issues in international finance and offers new ideas for fixing the flawed monetary system. Readers are also given a rare look into some of the intrigue and backdoor scheming in the corridors of international finance. "The Dollar Trap" offers a panoramic analysis of the fragile state of global finance and makes a compelling case that, despite all its flaws, the dollar will remain the ultimate safe-haven currency. Economics Books: E Call Number: HC106.8 .D664 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781935191254.ISIBooks,358p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2009 The definitive history of supply-side economics—the most consequential economic counterrevolution of the twentieth century—and an incredibly timely work that reveals the foundations of America’s prosperity at a time when those very foundations are under attack. Call Number: HC335.G3856 (Marston Science Library and FLARE) ISBN: BelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,456p. Publication Date: 1962 These 14 essays covering a wide range of subjects of great current interest reflect the continuous evolution of the author's thought from 1951 to 1961. Range and flexibility characterize Mr. Gerschenkron's dynamic approach to Europe's industrial history. Connecting evolution in individual countries with their degree of economic backwardness, he presents the industrialization of the continent as a "case of unity in diversity," thus offering a cogent alternative, supported by case studies, to the traditional view of industrialization as monotonous repetition of the same process from country to country. Brought together for the first time, these essays were originally published in specialized periodicals in the United States and abroad. Call Number: HB71 (Library West) ISBN: 9781906924775.OpenBook, 253 p., $14.99 Publication Date: 2012 Part memoir, part crash-course in economic theory, this book looks at economic ideas through a personal lens. Together with an introduction to some of the central concepts of modern economic thought, Ariel Rubinstein offers some powerful and entertaining reflections on his childhood, family and career. Call Number: HV6768 .F57 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691134543.PrincetonUniversityPress,240p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2008 Meet the economic gangster. He's the United Nations diplomat who double-parks his Mercedes on New York City streets at rush hour because the cops can't touch him—he has diplomatic immunity. He's the Chinese smuggler who dodges tariffs by magically transforming frozen chickens into frozen turkeys. The dictator, the warlord, the unscrupulous bureaucrat who bilks the developing world of billions in aid. The calculating crook who views stealing and murder as just another part of his business strategy. In Economic Gangsters, Raymond Fisman and Edward Miguel take readers into the secretive, chaotic, and brutal worlds inhabited by these lawless and violent thugs. Join these two sleuthing economists as they follow the foreign aid money trail into the grasping hands of corrupt governments and shady underworld characters. Spend time with ingenious black marketeers as they game the international system. Follow the steep rise and fall of stock prices of companies with unseemly connections to Indonesia's former dictator. Fisman and Miguel use economics to get inside the heads of these "gangsters," and propose solutions that can make a difference to the world's poor—including cash infusions to defuse violence in times of drought, and steering the World Bank away from aid programs most susceptible to corruption. Take an entertaining walk on the dark side of global economic development with Economic Gangsters. Call Number: HD82.E26 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230238831.PalgraveMacmillan,288p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2010 Editors Durlauf and Blume have selected key articles from the original 8-volume edition of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and collected them into one handy volume. Each article in this compendium covers the fundamental themes within the discipline and is written by a leading practitioner in the field. Call Number: HM548 .Z42 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691139364.PrincetonUniversityPress,2011.478p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 Over the past three decades, economic sociology has been revealing how culture shapes economic life even while economic facts affect social relationships. This work has transformed the field into a flourishing and increasingly influential discipline. No one has played a greater role in this development than Viviana Zelizer, one of the world's leading sociologists. Economic Lives synthesizes and extends her most important work to date, demonstrating the full breadth and range of her field-defining contributions in a single volume for the first time.Economic Lives shows how shared cultural understandings and interpersonal relations shape everyday economic activities. Far from being simple responses to narrow individual incentives and preferences, economic actions emerge, persist, and are transformed by our relations to others. Distilling three decades of research, the book offers a distinctive vision of economic activity that brings out the hidden meanings and social actions behind the supposedly impersonal worlds of production, consumption, and asset transfer. Providing an important perspective on the recent past and possible futures of a growing field, Economic Lives promises to be widely read and discussed. Call Number: HB71 .F6957 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780465002177.BasicBooks,226p.$26.00 Publication Date: 2007 Why do the keypads on drive-up cash machines have Braille dots? Why are round-trip fares from Orlando to Kansas City higher than those from Kansas City to Orlando? For decades, Robert Frank has been asking his economics students to pose and answer questions like these as a way of learning how economic principles operate in the real world-which they do everywhere, all the time. Once you learn to think like an economist, all kinds of puzzling observations start to make sense. Drive-up ATM keypads have Braille dots because it’s cheaper to make the same machine for both drive-up and walk-up locations. Travelers from Kansas City to Orlando pay less because they are usually price-sensitive tourists with many choices of destination, whereas travelers originating from Orlando typically choose Kansas City for specific family or business reasons. The Economic Naturalist employs basic economic principles to answer scores of intriguing questions from everyday life, and, along the way, introduces key ideas such as the cost-benefit principle, the “no cash on the table” principle, and the law of one price. This is as delightful and painless a way to learn fundamental economics as there is. Call Number: HD30.22 .E25 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521193948. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, 2009. 287 p. $39.99 This book brings together classic writings on the economic nature and organization of firms, including works by Ronald Coase, Oliver Williamson, and Michael Jensen and William Meckling, as well as more recent contributions by Paul Milgrom, Bengt Holmstrom, John Roberts, Oliver Hart, Luigi Zingales, and others. Part I explores the general theme of the firm's nature and place in the market economy; Part II addresses the question of which transactions are integrated under a firm's roof and what limits the growth of firms; Part III examines employer-employee relations and the motivation of labor; and Part IV studies the firm's organization from the standpoint of financing and the relationship between owners and managers. The volume also includes a consolidated bibliography of sources cited by these authors and an introductory essay by the editors that surveys the new institutional economics of the firm and issues raised in the anthology. Call Number: HB75 .B664 1997 (Library West) ISBN: 0521571537.Fifthedition,CambridgeUniversityPress, 725p.$85.00 Publication Date: 1997 This is a history of economic thought from Adam Smith to John Maynard Keynes--but it is a history with a difference. Firstly, it is history of economic theory, not of economic doctrines. Secondly, it includes detailed Reader's Guides to nine of the major texts of economics in the effort to encourage students to become acquainted at first hand with the writings of all the great economists. This fifth edition adds new Reader's Guides to Walras' Elements of Pure Economics and Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money as well as major additions to the chapters on marginal productivity theory, general equilibrium theory and welfare economics. Call Number: BJ1535 .A8 F75 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107026278.CambridgeUniversityPress,431p.,$34.99 Publication Date: 2013 Why are people loyal? How do groups form and how do they create incentives for their members to abide by group norms? Until now, economics has only been able to partially answer these questions. In this groundbreaking work, Paul Frijters presents a new unified theory of human behaviour. To do so, he incorporates comprehensive yet tractable definitions of love and power, and the dynamics of groups and networks, into the traditional mainstream economic view. The result is an enhanced view of human societies that nevertheless retains the pursuit of self-interest at its core. This book provides a digestible but comprehensive theory of our socioeconomic system, which condenses its immense complexity into simplified representations. The result both illuminates humanity's history and suggests ways forward for policies today, in areas as diverse as poverty reduction and tax compliance. Call Number: HB74.5.H36 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 0230612431.PalgraveMacmillan, 240p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2009 Economists can help shape monetary policy, global policy and even how much you pay for a new pair of shoes. For example, do you know who benefits the most from globalization? How do fitness studios and providers of Internet access earn most of their money? - From the laziness and irrationality of their customers. Including contributions from top thinkers in the economic field from around the world, such as Philippe Aghion, Paul Krugman, Daniel Gros, and George Lowenstein. The book includes chapters on: - Financial Markets: Are They Completely Efficient or Totally Nuts (rational vs. emotional) - The Art of Selling: How marketers use consumer decision making data to sell us products we don't need Economics 2.0 makes an impressive case for the argument that economics is not a dry science and that economics principles impact much of our day to day life. Completely without formulas and theoretical ballast, the authors present current findings of prominent economists and expand the economic knowledge of their readers. The authors manage to make complex relationships clear thanks to their clear writing style. Call Number: HB171 .D37 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0192853457.OxfordUniversityPress,172p.$9.95 Publication Date: 2007 Here Partha Dasgupta, an internationally recognized authority in economics, presents readers with a solid introduction to its basic concepts, including efficiency, equity, sustainability, dynamic equilibrium, property rights, markets, and public goods. Throughout, he highlights the relevance of economics to everyday life, providing a very human exploration of a technical subject. Dasgupta covers enduring issues such as population growth, the environment, and poverty. For example, he explores how the world's looming population problems affect us at the local, national, and international level. Economics has the capacity to offer us deep insights into some of the most formidable problems of life. Here, Dasgupta goes beyond the basics to show it's innate effects on our history, culture, and lifestyles. Call Number: HB75 .S293165 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691140636. Princeton University Press, 489 p. $45.00 Publication Date: 2011 In clear, nontechnical language, this introductory textbook describes the history of economic thought, focusing on the development of economic theory from Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations to the late twentieth century. The text concentrates on the most important figures in the history of economics, from Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Marx in the classical period to John Maynard Keynes and the leading economists of the postwar era, such as John Hicks, Milton Friedman, and Paul Samuelson. It describes the development of theories concerning prices and markets, money and the price level, population and capital accumulation, and the choice between socialism and the market economy. The book examines how important economists have reflected on the sometimes conflicting goals of efficient resource use and socially acceptable income distribution. It also provides sketches of the lives and times of the major economists. Economics Evolving repeatedly shows how apparently simple ideas that are now taken for granted were at one time at the cutting edge of economics research. For example, the demand curve that today's students probably get to know during their first economics lecture was originally drawn by one of the most innovative theorists in the history of the subject. The book demonstrates not only how the study of economics has progressed over the course of its history, but also that it is still a developing science. Call Number: HB171 .E26 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781137383587.PalgraveMacmillan,195p.,$20.00 Publication Date: 2014 Alfred Marshall, the founder of modern economics, once described economics as 'the study of mankind in the ordinary business of earning a living'. In Economics for the Curious, 12 Nobel Laureates show that 'the ordinary business of earning a living' covers a wide range of activities, as they take readers on an engaging tour of some of the everyday issues that can be explored using basic economic principles. Written in the plainest possible language, Nobel Laureates including Paul Krugman, Eric Maskin, Finn E. Kydland and Vernon Smith confront some of the key issues challenging society today - challenges that claim attention in any phase of the business cycle. The range of topics includes how economic tools can be used to rebuild nations in the aftermath of a war; financing retirement as longevity increases; the sustainable use of natural resources and what governments should really be doing to boost the economy.Economics for the Curious is an accessible but informative display of the kinds of questions economics can illuminate. It will appeal to anyone who has an interest in economics and the world around them, and we hope it will encourage further interest and study in the topic from readers everywhere. Call Number: HB71 .A235 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781595581013.NewPress,2010.217p. Why do contemporary economists consider food subsidies in starving countries, rent control in rich cities, and health insurance everywhere "inefficient"? Why do they feel that corporate executives deserve no less than their multimillion-dollar "compensation" packages and workers no more than their meager wages? At a time when growing numbers of people are deeply anxious about the workings of our economy, here is a lively and accessible debunking of the two elements that make economics the "science" of the rich: the definition of what is efficient and the theory of how wages are determined. The first is used to justify the cruelest policies, the second grand larceny. Filled with lively examples—from food riots in Indonesia to eminent domain in Connecticut and everyone from Adam Smith to Jeremy Bentham to Larry Summers—Economics for the Rest of Us shows how today's dominant economic theories evolved, how they explicitly favor the rich over the poor, and why they're not the only—or best—options. Written for anyone with an interest in understanding contemporary economic thinking—and why it is dead wrong—Economics for the Rest of Us offers a foundation for a fundamentally more just economic system. Economics: Making Sense of the Modern Economy by The Economist; Richard Davies Call Number: HB171.5.E3363 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781610396158 Publication Date: Public Affairs, 2015. 4th ed. $18.99 The world of economics is changing. Years of turmoil in the global economy mean that nothing will ever be quite the same again. This is the starting point and theme of this radically revised Economist books classic, now available for the first time in America. Richard Davies, economics editor ofThe Economist, takes us on a journey through the paper's own analysis of the state of the world's economies, how we reached this point and what to expect in the next decade. He explores: what's gone wrong since 2008, why it's happened and how we can stop it happening again; the shifting focus of economics from banking to labor economics; the future hopes and challenges for the world economy. Along the way, we encounter the global economy laid bare, from banks, panics, and crashes to innovative new policies to improve how markets function; from discussions around jobs, pay, and inequality to the promise of innovation and productivity; from the implications of emerging markets and the globalisation of trade through to the sharing economy and the economics of Google and eBay. The result is a fascinating review of the global economy and the changing role of economics in the new world order. Call Number: HD87 .C69 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691145181. Princeton University Press, 2011. 346 p. $24.95 The world's leading economies are facing not just one but many crises. The financial meltdown may not be over, climate change threatens major global disruption, economic inequality has reached extremes not seen for a century, and government and business are widely distrusted. At the same time, many people regret the consumerism and social corrosion of modern life. What these crises have in common, Diane Coyle argues, is a reckless disregard for the future—especially in the way the economy is run. How can we achieve the financial growth we need today without sacrificing a decent future for our children, our societies, and our planet? How can we realize what Coyle calls "the Economics of Enough"?Running the economy for tomorrow as well as today will require a wide range of policy changes. The top priority must be ensuring that we get a true picture of long-term economic prospects, with the development of official statistics on national wealth in its broadest sense, including natural and human resources. Saving and investment will need to be encouraged over current consumption. Above all, governments will need to engage citizens in a process of debate about the difficult choices that lie ahead and rebuild a shared commitment to the future of our societies. Creating a sustainable economy—having enough to be happy without cheating the future—won't be easy. But The Economics of Enough starts a profoundly important conversation about how we can begin—and the first steps we need to take. Call Number: HB72 .S36513 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780470620748.OxfordUniversityPress,352p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2011 In The Economics of Good and Evil, Sedlacek radically rethinks his field, challenging our assumptions about the world. Economics is touted as a science, a value-free mathematical inquiry, he writes, but it's actually a cultural phenomenon, a product of our civilization. It began within philosophy—Adam Smith himself not only wrote The Wealth of Nations, but also The Theory of Moral Sentiments—and economics, as Sedlacek shows, is woven out of history, myth, religion, and ethics. "Even the most sophisticated mathematical model," Sedlacek writes, "is, de facto, a story, a parable, our effort to (rationally) grasp the world around us." Economics not only describes the world, but establishes normative standards, identifying ideal conditions. Science, he claims, is a system of beliefs to which we are committed. To grasp the beliefs underlying economics, he breaks out of the field's confines with a tour de force exploration of economic thinking, broadly defined, over the millennia. He ranges from the epic of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament to the emergence of Christianity, from Descartes and Adam Smith to the consumerism in Fight Club. Throughout, he asks searching meta-economic questions: What is the meaning and the point of economics? Can we do ethically all that we can do technically? Does it pay to be good? Placing the wisdom of philosophers and poets over strict mathematical models of human behavior, Sedlacek's groundbreaking work promises to change the way we calculate economic value. Call Number: BJ1500.T78 B47 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780061774133. HarperStudio, 2010. 193 p Through her colourful - and often surprising - stories (examples range from pouring milk on your corn flakes to international gold trading) the acclaimed journalist takes us on a journey that reveals the deep layers of trust involved in even the simplest of transactions and how our stock in integrity is our most valuable economic asset. A big idea book with the entertainment value of Predictably Irrational, it also sheds light on our current economic crisis and the inner workings of global financial markets. Beginning with things we take for granted in our daily lives - milk, money, and markets - this book shows how much we depend on and benefit from integrity. Through the eyes of Toyota, the number one carmaker in the world, we learn how integrity is an investment with a financial payoff and through the experience of successful start ups like eBay and Amazon we can understand how integrity is built up over time. Not only does this book reveal how integrity is an important source of our prosperity, but it also lays out a system for how to generate more integrity and more wealth. Bernasek explains the DNA of integrity and reveals the key building blocks of disclosure, norms, and accountability. This book isn't just an interesting read about the way global markets really work. It also delivers clear and practical steps to building a stronger economy based upon trust that will benefit everyone. "The Economics of Integrity" offers a bold new way to look at our economy; this is a book for our times. The Economics of Poverty: History, Measurement, and Policy by Martin Ravallion Call Number: HC79.P6 .R3798 2016 (Library West) ISBN: 9780190212766 Publication Date: Oxford, 2016. $49.95 There are fewer people living in extreme poverty in the world today than 30 years ago. While that is an achievement, continuing progress for poor people is far from assured. Inequalities in access to key resources threaten to stall growth and poverty reduction in many places. The world's poorest have made only a small absolute gain over those 30 years. Progress has been slow against relative poverty as judged by the standards of the country and time one lives in, and a great many people in the world's emerging middle class remain vulnerable to falling back into poverty. The Economics of Poverty reviews critically past and present debates on poverty, spanning both rich and poor countries. The book provides an accessible new synthesis of current economic thinking on key questions: How is poverty measured? How much poverty is there? Why does poverty exist, and is it inevitable? What can be done to reduce poverty? Can it even be eliminated? The book does not assume that readers know economics already. Those new to the subject get a lot of help along the way in understanding its concepts and methods. Economics lives through its relevance to real world problems, and here the problem of poverty is both the central focus and a vehicle for learning. Call Number: HC79 .P55 D65 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393913408.6thedition,W.W.Norton,733p.,$45.00 Publication Date: 2012 The field of Environmental Economics is more important than ever, with new economics theories quickly becoming government policy. The leading ideas in the field are communicated through journal articles, and the most important ones are collected in the new edition of this classic book-half the articles in the Sixth Edition are brand-new. And the editor, Robert Stavins of Harvard, is a leading international economist. The Sixth Edition of Economics of the Environment is the most extensive one in a generation, with seventeen new articles, all of which were published after 2005. In addition, editor Robert Stavins is an increasingly prominent name, with a high-profile recent article (2011: a new look at the Tragedy of the Commons) that is included in the book. Economics Rules: The Rights and Wrongs of the Dismal Science by Dani Rodrik Call Number: HB75 .R5785 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780393246414 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2015. $27.95 In the wake of the financial crisis and the Great Recession, economics seems anything but a science. In this sharp, masterfully argued book, Dani Rodrik, a leading critic from within, takes a close look at economics to examine when it falls short and when it works, to give a surprisingly upbeat account of the discipline.Drawing on the history of the field and his deep experience as a practitioner, Rodrik argues that economics can be a powerful tool that improves the world--but only when economists abandon universal theories and focus on getting the context right. Economics Rules argues that the discipline's much-derided mathematical models are its true strength. Models are the tools that make economics a science.Too often, however, economists mistake a model for the model that applies everywhere and at all times. In six chapters that trace his discipline from Adam Smith to present-day work on globalization, Rodrik shows how diverse situations call for different models. Each model tells a partial story about how the world works. These stories offer wide-ranging, and sometimes contradictory, lessons--just as children's fables offer diverse morals.Whether the question concerns the rise of global inequality, the consequences of free trade, or the value of deficit spending, Rodrik explains how using the right models can deliver valuable new insights about social reality and public policy. Beyond the science, economics requires the craft to apply suitable models to the context.The 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers challenged many economists' deepest assumptions about free markets. Rodrik reveals that economists' model toolkit is much richer than these free-market models. With pragmatic model selection, economists can develop successful antipoverty programs in Mexico, growth strategies in Africa, and intelligent remedies for domestic inequality.At once a forceful critique and defense of the discipline, Economics Rules charts a path toward a more humble but more effective science. Call Number: HB171.C484 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781620408124 Publication Date: Bloomsbury, 2014. In his bestselling 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism, Cambridge economist Ha-Joon Chang brilliantly debunked many of the predominant myths of neoclassical economics. Now, in an entertaining and accessible primer, he explains how the global economy actually works—in real-world terms. Writing with irreverent wit, a deep knowledge of history, and a disregard for conventional economic pieties, Chang offers insights that will never be found in the textbooks. Unlike many economists, who present only one view of their discipline, Chang introduces a wide range of economic theories, from classical to Keynesian, revealing how each has its strengths and weaknesses, and why there is no one way to explain economic behavior. Instead, by ignoring the received wisdom and exposing the myriad forces that shape our financial world, Chang gives us the tools we need to understand our increasingly global and interconnected world often driven by economics. From the future of the Euro, inequality in China, or the condition of the American manufacturing industry here in the United States—Economics: The User’s Guide is a concise and expertly crafted guide to economic fundamentals that offers a clear and accurate picture of the global economy and how and why it affects our daily lives. Economism: Bad Economics and the Rise of Inequality by James Kwak; Simon Johnson (Foreword by) Call Number: HB71 .K893 2016 (Library West, Forthcoming) ISBN: 9781101871195 Publication Date: Pantheon, 2017. $25.95 The coauthor of the best-selling 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown now gives us a bracing deconstruction of the framework for understanding the world that is learned as gospel in Economics 101, regardless of its imaginary assumptions and misleading half-truths. "Economism": an ideology that distorts the valid principles and tools of Economics 101, propagated by self-styled experts, zealous lobbyists, clueless politicians, and ignorant pundits. In order to illuminate the fallacies of economism, James Kwak first offers a primer on supply and demand, market equilibrium, and social welfare: the underpinnings of most popular economic arguments.  Then he provides a historical account of how economism became a prevalent mode of thought in the United States--focusing on the people who packaged Econ 101 into sound bites that were then repeated until they took on the aura of truth. He shows us how issues of the moment in contemporary American society--labor markets, taxes, finance, health care, macroeconomic management, among others--are shaped by economism, demonstrating in each case with clarity and elan how, because of its failure to reflect the complexities of our world, economism has had a deleterious influence on policies that affect hundreds of millions of Americans. Call Number: HB72 .D36 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199730568. Oxford University Press, 2011. 257 p. $35.00 Economics is today among the most influential of all professions. Economists alter the course of economic affairs and deeply affect the lives of current and future generations. Yet, virtually alone among the major professions, economics lacks a body of professional ethics to guide its practitioners. Over the past century the profession consistently has refused to adopt or even explore professional economic ethics. As a consequence, economists are largely unprepared for the ethical challenges they face in their work. The Economist's Oath challenges the economic orthodoxy. It builds the case for professional economic ethics step by step-first by rebutting economists' arguments against and then by building an escalating positive case for professional economic ethics. The book surveys what economists do and demonstrates that their work is ethically fraught. It explores the principles, questions, and debates that inform professional ethics in other fields, and identifies the lessons that economics can take from the best established bodies of professional ethics. George DeMartino demonstrates that in the absence of professional ethics, well-meaning economists have committed basic, preventable ethical errors that have caused severe harm for societies across the globe. The book investigates the reforms in economic education that would be necessary to recognize professional ethical obligations, and concludes with the Economist's Oath, drawing on the book's central insights and highlighting the virtues that are required of the "ethical economist." The Economist's Oath seeks to initiate a serious conversation among economists about the ethical content of their work. It examines the ethical entailments of the immense influence over the lives of others that the economics profession now enjoys, and proposes a framework for the new field of professional economic ethics. Call Number: HC106.83 .E26 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780231143646.ColumbiaUniversityPress,317p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2007 In this valuable resource, more than thirty of the world's top economists offer innovative policy ideas and insightful commentary on our most pressing economic issues, such as global warming, the global economy, government spending, Social Security, tax reform, real estate, and political and social policy, including an extensive look at the economics of capital punishment, welfare reform, and the recent presidential elections. Contributors are Nobel Prize winners, former presidential advisers, well-respected columnists, academics, and practitioners from across the political spectrum. Joseph E. Stiglitz takes a hard look at the high cost of the Iraq War; Nobel Laureates Kenneth Arrow, Thomas Schelling, and Stiglitz provide insight and advice on global warming; Paul Krugman demystifies Social Security; Bradford DeLong presents divergent views on the coming dollar crisis; Diana Farrell reconsiders the impact of U.S. offshoring; Michael J. Boskin distinguishes what is "sense" and what is "nonsense" in discussions of federal deficits and debt; and Ronald I. McKinnon points out the consequences of the deindustrialization of America.Additional essays question whether welfare reform was successful and explore the economic consequences of global warming and the rebuilding of New Orleans. They describe how a simple switch in auto insurance policy could benefit the environment; unravel the dangers of an unchecked housing bubble; and investigate the mishandling of the lending institutions Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Balancing empirical data with economic theory, The Economists' Voice proves that the unique perspective of the economist is a vital one for understanding today's world. ISBN: 9781846285608.Springer, 312 p. Publication Date: 2007 Based on over 15 years experience in the design and delivery of successful first-year courses, this book equips undergraduates with the mathematical skills required for degree courses in economics, finance, management and business studies. The book starts with a summary of basic skills and takes its readers as far as constrained optimisation helping them to become confident and competent in the use of mathematical tools and techniques that can be applied to a range of problems in economics and finance. Designed as both a course text and a handbook, the book assumes little prior mathematical knowledge beyond elementary algebra and is therefore suitable for students returning to mathematics after a long break. The fundamental ideas are described in the simplest mathematical terms, highlighting threads of common mathematical theory in the various topics. Features include: a systematic approach: ideas are touched upon, introduced gradually and then consolidated through the use of illustrative examples; several entry points to accommodate differing mathematical backgrounds; numerous worked examples and exercises to illustrate the theory and applications; full solutions to exercises, available to lecturers via the web. Vass Mavron is Professor of Mathematics in the Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Wales Aberystwyth. Tim Phillips is Professor of Mathematics and Professorial Fellow in the School of Mathematics at Cardiff University. Call Number: HC59.72.P6 E17 2001 e-book (netLibrary) and Library West ISBN: 026205065X.MITPress,342p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2001 Since the end of World War II, economists have tried to figure out how poor countries in the tropics could attain standards of living approaching those of countries in Europe and North America. Attempted remedies have included providing foreign aid, investing in machines, fostering education, controlling population growth, and making aid loans as well as forgiving those loans on condition of institutional reforms. None of these solutions has delivered as promised. The problem is not the failure of economics, William Easterly argues, but the failure to apply economic principles to practical policy work. In this book Easterly shows how these solutions all violate the basic principle of economics, that people -- private individuals and businesses, government officials, even aid donors -- respond to incentives. Easterly first discusses the importance of growth. He then analyzes the development solutions that have failed. Finally, he suggests alternative approaches to the problem. Written in an accessible, at times irreverent, style, Easterly's book combines modern growth theory with anecdotes from his fieldwork for the World Bank. Call Number: HB76 .E452 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107040533.CambridgeUniversityPress, 470 p., $85.00 Publication Date: 2014 The sequel to Eminent Economists, this book presents the ideas of some of the most outstanding economists of the past half century. The contributors, representing divergent points of the ideological compass, present their life philosophies and reflect on their conceptions of human nature, society, justice, and the source of creative impulse. These self-portraits reveal details of the economists' personal and professional lives that capture the significance of the total person. The essays represent streams of thought that lead to the vast ocean of economics, where gems of the discipline lie, and the volume will appeal to a wide array of readers, including professional economists, students and laypersons who seek a window into the heart of this complex field. The contributors include Alan S. Blinder, Clair Brown, John Y. Campbell, Vincent P. Crawford, Paul Davidson, Angus Deaton, Harold Demsetz, Peter Diamond, Avinash Dixit, Barry Eichengreen, Jeffrey Frankel, Richard B. Freeman, Benjamin M. Friedman and John Hull. Call Number: K487.E3 E53 2000 (Library West, Business Reference and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 185898565X.5Vols.,EdwardElgarPub.,$1,390.00 Publication Date: 2000 The Encyclopedia of Law and Economics is a monumental reference work that surveys the entire literature on law and economics in over 3,000 pages. The entries consist of two elements: a review of the literature written by an authority in the field and a bibliography which covers most of the published material in the particular area. The reviews are written in an accessible style which will be suitable for non-specialists, such as lawyers, judges, politicians and students as well as scholars of law and economics. This authoritative Encyclopedia will rapidly become established as a leading bibliographic and reference source in law and economics. Call Number: HB3717 2008 .G337 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781451644920 Publication Date: Simon & Schuster, 2015. $26.00 The years since the Great Crisis of 2008 have seen slow growth, high unemployment, falling home values, chronic deficits, a deepening disaster in Europe-and a stale argument between two false solutions, "austerity" on one side and "stimulus" on the other. Both sides and practically all analyses of the crisis so far take for granted that the economic growth from the early 1950s until 2000-interrupted only by the troubled 1970s-represented a normal performance. From this perspective the crisis was an interruption, caused by bad policy or bad people, and full recovery is to be expected if the cause is corrected. The End of Normal challenges this view. Placing the crisis in perspective, Galbraith argues that the 1970s already ended the age of easy growth. The 1980s and 1990s saw only uneven growth, with rising inequality within and between countries. And the 2000s saw the end even of that-despite frantic efforts to keep growth going with tax cuts, war spending, and financial deregulation. When the crisis finally came, stimulus and automatic stabilization were able to place a floor under economic collapse. But they are not able to bring about a return to high growth and full employment. Today, four factors impede a return to normal. They are the rising costs of real resources, the now-evident futility of military power, the labor-saving consequences of the digital revolution, and the breakdown of law and ethics in the financial sector. The Great Crisis should be seen as a turning point, a barometer of the rise of unstable economic conditions, which should be regarded as the new normal. Policies and institutions going forward should be designed, above all, modestly, to cope with this fact, maintaining conditions for a good life in difficult times. Call Number: HC59.72.P6 S225 2005 (Library West) ISBN: 1594200459.PenguinPress,396p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2005 Among the most eagerly anticipated books of any year, this landmark exploration of prosperity and poverty distills the life work of an economist Time calls one of the world's 100 most influential people. Sachs's aim is nothing less than to deliver a big picture of how societies emerge from poverty. To do so he takes readers in his footsteps, explaining his work in Bolivia, Russia, India, China, and Africa, while offering an integrated set of solutions for the interwoven economic, political, environmental, and social problems that challenge the poorest countries. Marrying passionate storytelling with rigorous analysis and a vision as pragmatic as it is fiercely moral, The End of Poverty is a truly indispensable work. Call Number: HB3743 .K78 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393088779.W.W.Norton,$24.95 Publication Date: 2012 The Great Recession is more than four years old-and counting. Yet, as Paul Krugman points out in this powerful volley, "Nations rich in resources, talent, and knowledge-all the ingredients for prosperity and a decent standard of living for all-remain in a state of intense pain." How bad have things gotten? How did we get stuck in what now can only be called a depression? And above all, how do we free ourselves? Krugman pursues these questions with his characteristic lucidity and insight. He has a powerful message for anyone who has suffered over these past four years-a quick, strong recovery is just one step away, if our leaders can find the "intellectual clarity and political will" to end this depression now. Call Number: HB61 .E66 2004 e-book (netLibrary) and Library West ISBN: 1843760290.EdwardElgarPub.,320p.$144.00 Publication Date: 2004 "Eponymy - the practice of affixing the name of the scientist to all or part of what he/she has found - has many interesting features but only a very few attempts have been made to tackle the subject lexicographically in science and art. This is the first eponymous dictionary of economics ever published in any language." "There are hundreds of eponyms and the average economist will probably be acquainted with, let alone be able to master, a relatively restricted number of them. The Dictionary fills this void in a manageable volume that describes all relevant economic eponyms. Some rare but interesting eponyms are also included and all have a succinct bibliography for further reading." Julio Segura and Carlos Rodriguez Braun have assembled a unique Dictionary that will be an invaluable and much welcomed reference book for economic journalists, economists and economic scholars at all levels of academe, and in all areas of economics and its associated fields. Call Number: HC79.E5S538 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199583584.OxfordUniversityPress,2011.136p.$11.95 Publication Date: 2011 In broad terms, environmental economics looks at how economic activity and policy affect the environment in which we live. Some production generates pollution, such as power station emissions causing acid rain and contributing to global warming, but household consumption decisions also affect theenvironment, where more consumption can mean more waste sent to polluting incinerators. However, pollution is not an inevitable consequence of economic activity - environmental policies can require polluting firms to clean up their emissions, and can encourage people to change their behaviour,through environmental taxes on polluting goods, for example. Generally, though, these measures will involve some costs, such as installing pollution control equipment. So there's a trade-off: a cleaner environment, but economic costs. In recent years, many economists have argued for greater use ofincentive in the form of pollution charges and emissions trading rather than more traditional direct regulation of polluters. In this Very Short Introduction, Stephen Smith discusses environmental issues including pollution control, reducing environmental damage, and global climate change policies, answering questions about how we should balance environmental and economic considerations, and what form government policiesshould take. Including many illustrative case studies and examples he shows that this is an exciting field of economics, and one that is at the heart of many public debates and controversies. Call Number: HG925 .S75 2016 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393254020 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2016. $28.95 In 2010, the 2008 global financial crisis morphed into the "eurocrisis." It has not abated. The 19 countries of Europe that share the euro currency--the eurozone--have been rocked by economic stagnation and debt crises. Some countries have been in depression for years while the governing powers of the eurozone have careened from emergency to emergency, most notably in Greece.In The Euro, Nobel Prize-winning economist and best-selling author Joseph E. Stiglitz dismantles the prevailing consensus around what ails Europe, demolishing the champions of austerity while offering a series of plans that can rescue the continent--and the world--from further devastation.Hailed by its architects as a lever that would bring Europe together and promote prosperity, the euro has done the opposite. As Stiglitz persuasively argues, the crises revealed the shortcomings of the euro. Europe's stagnation and bleak outlook are a direct result of the fundamental challenges in having a diverse group of countries share a common currency--the euro was flawed at birth, with economic integration outpacing political integration. Stiglitz shows how the current structure promotes divergence rather than convergence. The question then is: Can the euro be saved?After laying bare the European Central Bank's misguided inflation-only mandate and explaining how eurozone policies, especially toward the crisis countries, have further exposed the zone's flawed design, Stiglitz outlines three possible ways forward: fundamental reforms in the structure of the eurozone and the policies imposed on the member countries; a well-managed end to the single-currency euro experiment; or a bold, new system dubbed the "flexible euro."With its lessons for globalization in a world economy ever more deeply connected, The Euro is urgent and essential reading. Call Number: HB71 .N44 1982 (Library West) ISBN: 0674272277.BelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,437p.$33.74 Publication Date: 1982 This book contains the most sustained and serious attack on mainstream, neoclassical economics in more than forty years. Nelson and Winter focus their critique on the basic question of how firms and industries change overtime. They marshal significant objections to the fundamental neoclassical assumptions of profit maximization and market equilibrium, which they find ineffective in the analysis of technological innovation and the dynamics of competition among firms. To replace these assumptions, they borrow from biology the concept of natural selection to construct a precise and detailed evolutionary theory of business behavior. They grant that films are motivated by profit and engage in search for ways of improving profits, but they do not consider them to be profit maximizing. Likewise, they emphasize the tendency for the more profitable firms to drive the less profitable ones out of business, but they do not focus their analysis on hypothetical states of industry equilibrium. The results of their new paradigm and analytical framework are impressive. Not only have they been able to develop more coherent and powerful models of competitive firm dynamics under conditions of growth and technological change, but their approach is compatible with findings in psychology and other social sciences. Finally, their work has important implications for welfare economics and for government policy toward industry. Call Number: HG540 .E33 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199753789.OxfordUniversityPress,215p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2010 For more than half a century, the U.S. dollar has been not just America's currency but the world's. It is used globally by importers, exporters, investors, governments and central banks alike. It is, as a critic of U.S. policies once put it, America's "exorbitant privilege." However, recent events have raised concerns that this soon may be a privilege lost. In Exorbitant Privilege, one of our foremost economists, Barry Eichengreen, traces the rise of the dollar to international prominence over the course of the 20th century. But now, with the rise of China, India, Brazil and other emerging economies, America no longer towers over the global economy. It follows, Eichengreen argues, that the dollar will not be as dominant. But this does not mean that the coming changes will necessarily be sudden and dire—or that the dollar is doomed to lose its international status. Challenging the presumption that there is room for only one true global currency—either the dollar or something else—Eichengreen shows that several currencies have shared this international role over long periods. What was true in the distant past will be true, once again, in the not-too-distant future. The dollar will lose its international currency status, Eichengreen warns, only if the United States repeats the mistakes that led to the financial crisis and only if it fails to put its fiscal and financial house in order. The greenback's fate hinges, in other words, not on the actions of the Chinese government but on economic policy decisions here in the United States. Incisive, challenging and iconoclastic, Exorbitant Privilege is a fascinating analysis of the changes that lie ahead. It is a challenge, equally, to those who warn that the dollar is doomed and to those who regard its continuing dominance as inevitable. An Extraordinary Time: The End of the Postwar Boom and the Return of the Ordinary Economy by Marc Levinson Call Number: HC54 .L398 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780465061983 Publication Date: Basic Books, 2016. $27.99 The decades after World War II were a golden age across much of the world. It was a time of economic miracles, an era when steady jobs were easy to find and families could see their living standards improving year after year. And then, around 1973, the good times vanished. The world economy slumped badly, then settled into the slow, erratic growth that had been the norm before the war. The result was an era of anxiety, uncertainty, and political extremism that we are still grappling with today. InAn Extraordinary Time, acclaimed economic historian Marc Levinson describes how the end of the postwar boom reverberated throughout the global economy, bringing energy shortages, financial crises, soaring unemployment, and a gnawing sense of insecurity. Politicians, suddenly unable to deliver the prosperity of years past, railed haplessly against currency speculators, oil sheikhs, and other forces they could not control. From Sweden to Southern California, citizens grew suspicious of their newly ineffective governments and rebelled against the high taxes needed to support social welfare programs enacted when coffers were flush. Almost everywhere, the pendulum swung to the right, bringing politicians like Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan to power. But their promise that deregulation, privatization, lower tax rates, and smaller government would restore economic security and robust growth proved unfounded. Although the guiding hand of the state could no longer deliver the steady economic performance the public had come to expect, free-market policies were equally unable to do so. The golden age would not come backagain. A sweeping reappraisal of the last sixty years of world history,An Extraordinary Time offers forces us to come to terms with how little control we actually have over the economy. Call Number: HB74.5 .E97 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691124797.PrincetonUniversityPress,375p.$55.00 Publication Date: 2009 Since the 1980s, there has been explosive growth in the use of experimental methods in economics, leading to exciting developments in economic theory and policy. Despite this, the status of experimental economics remains controversial. In Experimental Economics, the authors draw on their experience and expertise in experimental economics, economic theory, the methodology of economics, philosophy of science, and the econometrics of experimental data to offer a balanced and integrated look at the nature and reliability of claims based on experimental research. The authors explore the history of experiments in economics, provide examples of different types of experiments, and show that the growing use of experimental methods is transforming economics into a genuinely empirical science. They explain that progress is being held back by an uncritical acceptance of folk wisdom regarding how experiments should be conducted, a failure to acknowledge that different objectives call for different approaches to experimental design, and a misplaced assumption that principles of good practice in theoretical modeling can be transferred directly to experimental design. Experimental Economics debates how such limitations might be overcome, and will interest practicing experimental economists, nonexperimental economists wanting to interpret experimental research, and philosophers of science concerned with the status of knowledge claims in economics. Call Number: HQ801.82 .O94 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781422191651.HarvardBusinessReviewPress,241 p. Publication Date: 2014 Conquering the dating market-from an economist's point of view After more than twenty years, economist Paul Oyer found himself back on the dating scene-but what a difference a few years made. Dating was now dominated by sites like Match.com, eHarmony, and OkCupid. But Oyer had a secret weapon: economics.It turns out that dating sites are no different than the markets Oyer had spent a lifetime studying. Monster.com, eBay, and other sites where individuals come together to find a match gave Oyer startling insight into the modern dating scene. The arcane language of economics-search, signaling, adverse selection, cheap talk, statistical discrimination, thick markets, and network externalities-provides a useful guide to finding a mate. Using the ideas that are central to how markets and economics and dating work, Oyer shows how you can apply these ideas to take advantage of the economics in everyday life, all around you, all the time.For all online daters-and for anyone else swimming in the vast sea of the information economy-this book uses Oyer's own experiences, and those of millions of others, to help you navigate the key economic concepts that drive the modern age. Economics Books: F Failed: What the "Experts" Got Wrong About the Global Economy by Mark Weisbrot Call Number: HB3782 .W45 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780195170184 Publication Date: Oxford, 2015. $27.95 Why did the Eurozone end up with an unemployment rate more than twice than that of the United States and six years after the collapse of Lehman Brothers? Was crisis in the Eurozone inevitable? What caused the prolonged economic failure experienced by the majority of the world's low- andmiddle-income countries at the end of the 20th century?Failed analyzes and ties together some of the most important economic developments of recent years with the common theme that they have been widely misunderstood and in some cases almost completely ignored. A central argument of Failed is that there are always viable alternatives to prolongedeconomic failure. Author Mark Weisbrot shows that political agendas are often the root cause of avoidable financial crises and drawing on lessons learned from previous crises, recessions, and subsequent recovers can prevent further failures in the future. Call Number: HB3722 .P67 2009 (Library West and Legal Information Center)) ISBN: 9780674035140.HarvardUniversityPress,346p.$23.95 Publication Date: 2009 The financial and economic crisis that began in 2008 is the most alarming of our lifetime because of the warp-speed at which it is occurring. How could it have happened, especially after all that we’ve learned from the Great Depression? Why wasn’t it anticipated so that remedial steps could be taken to avoid or mitigate it? What can be done to reverse a slide into a full-blown depression? Why have the responses to date of the government and the economics profession been so lackluster? Richard Posner presents a concise and non-technical examination of this mother of all financial disasters and of the, as yet, stumbling efforts to cope with it. No previous acquaintance on the part of the reader with macroeconomics or the theory of finance is presupposed. This is a book for intelligent generalists that will interest specialists as well. Call Number: HC21 .C63 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691121352.PrincetonUniversityPress,420p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2007 Why are some parts of the world so rich and others so poor? Why did the Industrial Revolution - and the unprecedented economic growth that came with it - occur in eighteenth-century England, and not at some other time, or in some other place? Why didn't industrialization make the whole world rich - and why did it make large parts of the world even poorer? In A Farewell to Alms, Gregory Clark tackles these profound questions and suggests a new and provocative way in which culture - not exploitation, geography, or resources - explains the wealth, and the poverty, of nations." "A sobering challenge to the idea that poor societies can be economically developed through outside intervention, A Farewell to Alms may change the way global economic history is understood. Feeling Smart: Why Our Emotions Are More Rational Than We Think by Eyal Winter Call Number: BF448 .W56413 2014 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781610394901 Publication Date: Public Affairs, 2014. $26.99 Which is smarter—your head or your gut? It’s a familiar refrain: you’re getting too emotional. Try and think rationally. But is it always good advice? In this surprising book, Eyal Winter asks a simple question: why do we have emotions? If they lead to such bad decisions, why hasn’t evolution long since made emotions irrelevant? The answer is that, even though they may not behave in a purely logical manner, our emotions frequently lead us to better, safer, more optimal outcomes. In fact, as Winter discovers, there is often logic in emotion, and emotion in logic. For instance, many mutually beneficial commitments—such as marriage, or being a member of a team—are only possible when underscored by emotion rather than deliberate thought. The difference between pleasurable music and bad noise is mathematically precise; yet it is also something we feel at an instinctive level. And even though people are usually overconfident—how can we all be above average?—we often benefit from our arrogance. Feeling Smart brings together game theory, evolution, and behavioral science to produce a surprising and very persuasive defense of how we think, even when we don’t. Call Number: HB3717 2008 .T46 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230108462. Palgrave Macmillan, 262 p. $95.00 Publication Date: 2011 Written for the motivated non-specialist, this work provides the most clear and thorough coverage available of the causes and consequences of the Great Financial Crisis and the role of the Federal Reserve in preventing it from escalating into a massive depression a la the 1930s. The Great Recession that followed the popping of the dual credit and housing bubbles deprived more than 8 million Americans of their jobs and triggered a per capita loss of income of more $6,000 in 2008 and 2009 alone. This work provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of the myriad forces that combined to create the bubbles that were the source of the economic contraction. It retraces the chain reaction that took place as these bubbles deflated. The channels through which the crisis spilled over to produce the Great Recession are carefully laid out. The book is unique in thoroughly contrasting the Federal Reserve’s brilliant implementation of policies that saved us from disaster in the recent crisis with its inept behavior that strongly contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Call Number: HB3743 .K58 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780199730551.OxfordUniversityPress,400p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2011 In the past few years, millions of people have lost very substantial portions of their wealth. And while the markets have rebounded considerably, they are still far from a full recovery. Now, professional economists, policy experts, public intellectuals, and the public at large are all struggling to understand the crisis that has engulfed us. In The Financial Crisis of Our Time, Robert W. Kolb provides an essential, comprehensive review of the context within which these events unfolded, arguing that while the crisis had no single cause, housing finance played a central role, and that to understand what happened, one must comprehend the mechanism by which the housing industry came into crisis. Kolb offers a history of the housing finance system as it developed throughout the twentieth century, and especially in the period from 1990 to 2006, showing how the originate-to-distribute model of mortgage financing presented market participants with a "clockwork of perverse incentives." In this system, various participants-simply by pursuing their narrow personal interests-participated in an elaborate mechanism that led to disaster. The book then gives a narrative of the crisis as it developed and analyzes all of the participants in the housing market, from the home buyers to investors in collaterialized debt obligations (CDOs). Robert W. Kolb provides one of the most comprehensive and illuminating accounts of the events that will be studied for decades to come as the financial crisis of our time. Call Number: HB145 .D87 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691156644. Princeton University Press, 276 p., $39.50 Publication Date: 2014 Finding Equilibrium explores the post-World War II transformation of economics by constructing a history of the proof of its central dogma--that a competitive market economy may possess a set of equilibrium prices. The model economy for which the theorem could be proved was mapped out in 1954 by Kenneth Arrow and Gerard Debreu collaboratively, and by Lionel McKenzie separately, and would become widely known as the "Arrow-Debreu Model." While Arrow and Debreu would later go on to win separate Nobel prizes in economics, McKenzie would never receive it. Till Düppe and E. Roy Weintraub explore the lives and work of these economists and the issues of scientific credit against the extraordinary backdrop of overlapping research communities and an economics discipline that was shifting dramatically to mathematical modes of expression. Finding Equilibrium shows the complex interplay between each man's personal life and work, and examines compelling ideas about scientific credit, publication, regard for different research institutions, and the awarding of Nobel prizes. Instead of asking whether recognition was rightly or wrongly given, and who were the heroes or villains, the book considers attitudes toward intellectual credit and strategies to gain it vis-à-vis the communities that grant it. Telling the story behind the proof of the central theorem in economics, Finding Equilibrium sheds light on the changing nature of the scientific community and the critical connections between the personal and public rewards of scientific work. Call Number: HG230.3 T395 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393073393.W.W.Norton,235p.,$24.95 Publication Date: 2012 America’s economic future is uncertain. Mired in a long crippling economic slump and hamstrung by bitter partisan debate over the growing debt and the role of government, the nation faces substantial challenges, exacerbated by a dearth of vision and common sense among its leaders. Prominent Stanford economist John B. Taylor brings his steady voice of reason to the discussion with a natural solution: start with the country’s founding principles of economic and political freedom-limited government, rule of law, strong incentives, reliance on markets, a predictable policy framework-and reconstruct its economic foundation from these proven principles. Channeling his high-level experience as both a policymaker and researcher, Taylor then zeroes in on current policy issues-the budget, monetary policy, government regulation, tax reform-and lays out in simple terms bold strategies designed to place the country on sound footing in each of these areas. Call Number: HG3881 .W65 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780801890482.JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,248p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2008 The latest book from Financial Times columnist Martin Wolf explains why global imbalances cause financial crises—including the one ravaging the United States right now—and outlines the steps for ending this destructive cycle. Reviewing global financial crises since 1980, Wolf lays bare the links between the microeconomics of finance and the macroeconomics of the balance of payments, demonstrating how the subprime lending crisis in the United States fits into a pattern that includes the economic shocks of 1997, 1998, and early 1999 in Latin America, Russia, and Asia. He explains why the United States is now the “borrower and spender of last resort,” makes the case that this is an untenable arrangement, and argues that global economic security depends on the ability of emerging economies to develop robust financial systems based on domestic currencies. Sharply and clearly argued, Wolf’s prescription for fixing global finance illustrates why he has been described as "the world's preeminent financial journalist." Call Number: HB3730 .B83 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9781608198511.Bloombury, 251 p. Publication Date: 2013 Picture an early scene from "The Wizard of Oz" Dorothy hurries home as a tornado gathers in what was once a clear Kansas sky. Hurriedly, she seeks shelter in the storm cellar under the house, but, finding it locked, takes cover in her bedroom. We all know how that works out for her.Many investors these days are a bit like Dorothy, putting their faith in something as solid and trustworthy as a house (or, say, real estate). But market disruptions--storms--seem to arrive without warning, leaving us little time to react. Why are we so often blindsided by these things, left outdoors with nothing but our little dogs? More to the point: how did Kansas go from blue skies to tornadoes in such a short time?In this deeply researched and piercingly intelligent book, physicist Mark Buchanan shows how a simple feedback loop can lead to major consequences, the kind predictable by mathematical models but hard for most people to anticipate. From his unique perspective, Buchanan argues that our basic assumptions about economic markets--that they are for the most part stable, with occasional interruptions--are simply wrong. Markets really act more like the weather: a brief heat wave can become a massive storm in a matter of a few days, or even hours."The Physics of Finance" reimagines the basics of how economics, with consequences that affect everyone. Call Number: HC102.5 .A2 F76 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691159119.PrincetonUniversityPress, 273 p., $29.95 Publication Date: 2013 The period leading up to the Great Depression witnessed the rise of the economic forecasters, pioneers who sought to use the tools of science to predict the future, with the aim of profiting from their forecasts. This book chronicles the lives and careers of the men who defined this first wave of economic fortune tellers, men such as Roger Babson, Irving Fisher, and John Moody. They competed to sell their distinctive methods of prediction to investors and businesses, and thrived in the boom years that followed World War I. Yet, almost to a man, they failed to predict the devastating crash of 1929. Walter Friedman paints vivid portraits of entrepreneurs who shared a belief that the rational world of numbers and reason could tame--or at least foresee--the irrational gyrations of the market. Despite their failures, this first generation of economic forecasters helped to make the prediction of economic trends a central economic activity, and shed light on the mechanics of financial markets by providing a range of statistics and information about individual firms. They also raised questions that are still relevant today. What is science and what is merely guesswork in forecasting? Does the act of forecasting set in motion unforeseen events that can counteract the forecast made? Fortune Tellers highlights the risk and uncertainty that are inherent to capitalism itself. Call Number: HB135 .S24 1983 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 0674313011.HarvardUniversityPress,604p. Publication Date: 1983 Foundations of Economic Analysis is a book by Paul A. Samuelson published in 1947 (Enlarged ed., 1983). It sought to demonstrate a common mathematical structure underlying multiple branches of economics from two basic principles: optimizing behavior of agents and stability of equilibrium as to economic systems (such as markets or economies). Among other contributions, it advanced the theory of index numbers and generalized welfare economics. It is especially known for definitively stating and formalizing qualitative and quantitative versions of the "comparative statics" method for calculating how a change in any parameter (say, a change in tax rates) affects an economic system. One of its key insights about comparative statics, called the correspondence principle, states that stability of equilibrium implies testable predictions about how the equilibrium changes when parameters are changed. (Wikipedia) Call Number: QP360.5 .G566 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199744251. Oxford University Press, 467 p., $69.95 Publication Date: 2011 A new academic field, neuroeconomics, has emerged at the border of the social and natural sciences. In Foundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis, Paul Glimcher argues that a meaningful interdisciplinary synthesis of the study of human and animal choice is not only desirable, but also well underway, and so it is time to formally develop a foundational approach for the field. He does so by laying the philosophical and empirical groundwork and integrating the theory of choice and valuation with the relevant physical constraints and mechanisms. While there has been an intense debate about the value and prospects of neuroeconomics, Glimcher argues that existing data from neuroeconomics' three parent fields, neuroscience, psychology and economics, already specify the basic features of the primate choice mechanism at all three levels of analysis. His central argument is that combining these three disciplines gives us enough insight to define many of the fundamental features of decision making that have previously eluded scholars working within each individual field. With this in mind, Glimcher provides a comprehensive overview of the neuroscience, psychology, and economics of choice behavior, which will help readers from many disciplines to grasp the rich interconnections between these fields and see how their data and theory can interact to produce new insights, constraints, and questions. Call Number: HC105 .F68 2011 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780226384757.UniversityofChicagoPress,2011.353p.$110.00 The political decisions made by the founding fathers were crucial to the success of the early republic. But the economic decisions they made were just as pivotal, ensuring the general welfare and common defense of the United States for decades to come. Founding Choices explores these economic choices and their profound influence on American life, westward expansion, and influence abroad. Among the topics covered are finance, trade, and monetary and banking policy, with a focus on the factors guiding those policies and their end result. This book redresses the relative neglect of the economic achievements of the founders. It will be essential reading for historians and economists alike. Call Number: HB501 .B38 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 0691096155.PrincetonUniversityPress,318p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2002 William Baumol rejects the conventional view that capitalism benefits society through price competition—that is, products and services become less costly as firms vie for consumers. Where most others have seen this as the driving force behind growth, he sees something different—a compound of systematic innovation activity within the firm, an arms race in which no firm in an innovating industry dares to fall behind the others in new products and processes, and inter-firm collaboration in the creation and use of innovations. While giving price competition due credit, Baumol stresses that large firms use innovation as a prime competitive weapon. However, as he explains it, firms do not wish to risk too much innovation, because it is costly, and can be made obsolete by rival innovation. So firms have split the difference through the sale of technology licenses and participation in technology-sharing compacts that pay huge dividends to the economy as a whole—and thereby made innovation a routine feature of economic life. This process, in Baumol's view, accounts for the unparalleled growth of modern capitalist economies. Baumol shows in this original work that the capitalist growth process, at least in societies where the rule of law prevails, comes far closer to the requirements of economic efficiency than is typically understood. This book marks a milestone in the comprehension of the accomplishments of our free-market economic system—a new understanding that promises to benefit many countries that lack the advantages of this immense innovation machine. Call Number: HB501 .F72 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 0151334811.HarcourtBraceJovanovich, 338p. Publication Date: 1980 In this classic about economics, freedom, and the relationship between the two, Milton and Rose Friedman explain how our freedom has been eroded and our prosperity undermined through the explosion of laws, regulations, agencies, and spending in Washington, and how good intentions often produce deplorable results when government is the middleman. The Friedmans also provide remedies for these ills--they tell us what to do in order to expand our freedom and promote prosperity. Free Trade under Fire by Douglas A. Irwin Call Number: HF1756.I68 2015 (Library West, Pre-Order) ISBN: 9780691166254 Publication Date: Princeton, 2015. 4th ed. $27.95 Growing international trade has helped lift living standards around the world, and yet free trade is always under attack. Critics complain that trade forces painful economic adjustments, such as plant closings and layoffs of workers, and charge that the World Trade Organization serves the interests of corporations, undercuts domestic environmental regulations, and erodes America's sovereignty. Why has global trade--and trade agreements such as NAFTA--become so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In Free Trade under Fire, Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that litter the debate over trade and gives the reader a clear understanding of the issues involved. This fourth edition has been thoroughly updated to include the most recent policy developments and the latest research findings on the impact of trade. Call Number: HB3722 .S842 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393075960.W.W.Norton&Co.,361p.$18.45 Publication Date: 2010 The current global financial crisis carries a made-in-America label. In this forthright and incisive book, Nobel Laureate Joseph E. Stiglitz explains how America exported bad economics, bad policies, and bad behavior to the rest of the world, only to cobble together a haphazard and ineffective response when the markets finally seized up. Drawing on his academic expertise, his years spent shaping policy in the Clinton administration and at the World Bank, and his more recent role as head of a UN commission charged with reforming the global financial system, Stiglitz outlines a way forward building on ideas that he has championed his entire career: restoring the balance between markets and government, addressing the inequalities of the global financial system, and demanding more good ideas (and less ideology) from economists. Economic Books: G - H Game Theory by by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume Call Number: HB144.R66 1997 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230238909.PalgraveMacmillan,368p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2010 Following the recent publication of the award winning and much acclaimed The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, second edition which brings together Nobel Prize winners and the brightest young scholars to survey the discipline, we are pleased to announce The New Palgrave Economics Collection. Due to demand from the economics community these books address key subject areas within the field. Each title is comprised of specially selected articles from the Dictionary and covers a fundamental theme within the discipline. All of the articles have been specifically chosen by the editors of the Dictionary, Steven N.Durlauf and Lawrence E.Blume and are written by leading practitioners in the field. The Collections provide the reader with easy to access information on complex and important subject areas, and allow individual scholars and students to have their own personal reference copy. Call Number: QA269 .A44 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780195300222. Second edition, Oxford University Press, 2011. 470 p. $65.00 Games and Decision Making, Second Edition, is a unique blend of decision theory and game theory. From classical optimization to modern game theory, authors Charalambos D. Aliprantis and Subir K. Chakrabarti show the importance of mathematical knowledge in understanding and analyzing issues in decision making. Through an imaginative selection of topics, Aliprantis and Chakrabarti treat decision and game theory as part of one body of knowledge. They move from problems involving the individual decision-maker to progressively more complex problems such as sequential rationality, auctions, and bargaining. By building each chapter on material presented earlier, the authors offer a self-contained and comprehensive treatment of these topics. Successfully class-tested in an advanced undergraduate course at the Krannert School of Management and in a graduate course in economics at Indiana University, Games and Decision Making, Second Edition, is an essential text for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of decision theory and game theory. The book is accessible to students who have a good basic understanding of elementary calculus and probability theory. Call Number: QA269 .L8 (Marston Science Library) ISBN: Wiley,509P.$15.95 Publication Date: 1957 Superb nontechnical introduction to game theory and related disciplines, primarily as applied to the social sciences. Clear, comprehensive coverage of utility theory, 2-person zero-sum games, 2-person non-zero-sum games, n-person games, individual and group decision-making, much more. Appendixes. Bibliography. Graphs and figures. Games of Strategy by Avinash K. Dixit; Susan Skeath; David H. Reiley Call Number: HB144 .D59 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780393919684 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2015. $156.00 A clear, comprehensive introduction to the study of game theory. In the Fourth Edition, new real-world examples and compelling end-of-chapter exercises engage students with game theory. Call Number: HC79 .I5 C725 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691156798.PrincetonUniversityPress,159p.,$19.95 Publication Date: 2014 Why did the size of the U.S. economy increase by 3 percent on one day in mid-2013--or Ghana's balloon by 60 percent overnight in 2010? And why was Greece's chief statistician charged with treason in 2013 for apparently doing nothing more than trying to accurately report the size of his country's economy? The answers to all these questions lie in the way we define and measure national economies around the world: Gross Domestic Product. This informative book tells the story of GDP, making sense of a statistic that appears constantly in the news, business, and politics, and that seems to rule our lives--but that hardly anyone actually understands. Diane Coyle traces the history of this artificial, complex, but exceedingly important statistic from its eighteenth- and nineteenth-century precursors through its invention in the 1940s and its postwar golden age, and then through the Great Crash up to today. The reader learns why this standard measure of the size of a country's economy was invented, how it has changed over the decades, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. The book explains why even small changes in GDP can decide elections, influence major political decisions, and determine whether countries can keep borrowing or be thrown into recession. The book ends by making the case that GDP was a good measure for the twentieth century but is increasingly inappropriate for a twenty-first-century economy driven by innovation, services, and intangible goods. Call Number: HB171 .K45 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230004764.PalgraveMacmillanfortheRoyalEconomicSociety,428p.$32.95 Publication Date: 2007 In 1936, Keynes published the most provocative book written by any economist of his generation. Arguments about the book continued until his death in 1946, and still continue today. This new edition, published 70 years after the original, features a new introduction by Paul Krugman, which discusses the significance and continued relevance of The General Theory. '"The General Theory" is nothing less than an epic journey out of intellectual darkness. That, as much as its continuing relevance to economic policy, is what makes it a book for the ages. Read it, and marvel.' - From the introduction by Paul Krugman. Reprinted with an Editorial introduction and prefaces to the German, Japanese and French eds. from the 1974 Collected writings printing and a new introduction by Paul Krugman - Main text originally published: London : Macmillan, 1936. Includes bibliographical references and index. Call Number: HC79.T4 M646 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 6910948370.PrincetonUniversityPress,359p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2002 The growth of technological and scientific knowledge in the past two centuries has been the overriding dynamic element in the economic and social history of the world. Its result is now often called the knowledge economy. But what are the historical origins of this revolution and what have been its mechanisms? In The Gifts of Athena, Joel Mokyr constructs an original framework to analyze the concept of "useful" knowledge. He argues that the growth explosion in the modern West in the past two centuries was driven not just by the appearance of new technological ideas but also by the improved access to these ideas in society at large--as made possible by social networks comprising universities, publishers, professional sciences, and kindred institutions. He shows that changes in the intellectual and social environment and the institutional background in which knowledge was generated and disseminated brought about the Industrial Revolution, followed by sustained economic growth and continuing technological change.Mokyr draws a link between intellectual forces such as the European enlightenment and subsequent economic changes of the nineteenth century, and follows their development into the twentieth century. He further explores some of the key implications of the knowledge revolution. Among these is the rise and fall of the "factory system" as an organizing principle of modern economic organization. He analyzes the impact of this revolution on information technology and communications as well as on the public's state of health and the structure of households. By examining the social and political roots of resistance to new knowledge, Mokyr also links growth in knowledge to political economy and connects the economic history of technology to the New Institutional Economics. The Gifts of Athena provides crucial insights into a matter of fundamental concern to a range of disciplines including economics, economic history, political economy, the history of technology, and the history of science. Call Number: HC51.A45 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199596652. Oxford University Press, 170 p., $11.95 Publication Date: 2011 Why are some countries rich and others poor? In 1500, global income differences were small, but disparities have grown dramatically since Columbus reached America. In this Very Short Introduction, Robert C. Allen shows how the interplay of geography, globalization, technological change, and economic policy has determined the wealth and poverty of nations. Allen shows how the industrial revolution was Britain's path-breaking response to the challenge of globalization. Western Europe and North America joined Britain to form a club of rich nations, pursuing four polices—creating a national market by abolishing internal tariffs and investing in transportation, erecting an external tariff to protect their fledgling industries from British competition, creating banks to stabilize the currency and mobilize domestic savings for investment, and promoting mass education to prepare people for industrial work. Together these countries pioneered new technologies that have made them ever richer. A few countries—Japan, Soviet Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and perhaps China—have caught up with the West through creative responses to the technological challenge and with Big Push industrialization that has achieved rapid growth through coordinated investment. Call Number: HM821 .M555 2016 (Online) ISBN: 9780674737136 Publication Date: Belknap Harvard, 2016. $29.95 One of the worldâe(tm)s leading economists of inequality, Branko Milanovic presents a bold new account of the dynamics that drive inequality on a global scale. Drawing on vast data sets and cutting-edge research, he explains the benign and malign forces that make inequality rise and fall within and among nations. He also reveals who has been helped the most by globalization, who has been held back, and what policies might tilt the balance toward economic justice. Global Inequality takes us back hundreds of years, and as far around the world as data allow, to show that inequality moves in cycles, fueled by war and disease, technological disruption, access to education, and redistribution. The recent surge of inequality in the West has been driven by the revolution in technology, just as the Industrial Revolution drove inequality 150 years ago. But even as inequality has soared within nations, it has fallen dramatically among nations, as middle-class incomes in China and India have drawn closer to the stagnating incomes of the middle classes in the developed world. A more open migration policy would reduce global inequality even further. Both American and Chinese inequality seems well entrenched and self-reproducing, though it is difficult to predict if current trends will be derailed by emerging plutocracy, populism, or war. For those who want to understand how we got where we are, where we may be heading, and what policies might help reverse that course, Milanovicâe(tm)s compelling explanation is the ideal place to start. Call Number: HD2321 .D53 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781609180065. 6th edition, Guilford Press, 2011. $60.00 Widely adopted throughout the world, this definitive text comprehensively examines how the global economy works and its effects on people and places. Peter Dicken provides a balanced yet critical analysis of globalization processes and debates. The text synthesizes a wealth of data on production, distribution, consumption, and innovation, including detailed case studies of key global industries. Students learn how the global economic map is being shaped and reshaped by dynamic interactions among transnational corporations, states, consumers, labor, and civil society organizations. Useful features include more than 250 quick-reference figures and tables. Call Number: JZ1318 .S74 2003b (e-book) ISBN: 9780199662661. 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, $11.95 Publication Date: 2013 'Globalization' has become one of the defining buzzwords of our time - a term that describes a variety of accelerating economic, political, cultural, ideological, and environmental processes that are rapidly altering our experience of the world. It is by its nature a dynamic topic - and thisVery Short Introduction has been fully updated for a third edition, to include recent developments in global politics, the global economy, and environmental issues. Presenting globalization in accessible language as a multifaceted process encompassing global, regional, and local aspects of social life, Manfred B. Steger looks at its causes and effects, examines whether it is a new phenomenon, and explores the question of whether, ultimately, globalization is agood or a bad thing. Call Number: HF1418.5 .R6425 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393071610. W.W. Norton & Co., 2011. 346 p. $26.95 In this eloquent challenge to the reigning wisdom on globalization, Dani Rodrik reminds us of the importance of the nation-state, arguing forcefully that when the social arrangements of democracies inevitably clash with the international demands of globalization, national priorities should take precedence. Combining history with insight, humor with good-natured critique, Rodrik’s case for a customizable globalization supported by a light frame of international rules shows the way to a balanced prosperity as we confront today’s global challenges in trade, finance, and labor markets. Call Number: HG3881 .E347 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691139371.Princeton,2nded.265p.$28.95 Publication Date: 2008 Written by economist Barry Eichengreen, this book emphasizes the importance of the international monetary system for understanding the international economy. Globalizing Capital is intended for not only economists, but also a general audience of historians, political scientists, professionals in government and business, and anyone with a broad interest in international relations. Eichengreen demonstrates that the international monetary system can be understood and effectively governed only if it is seen as a historical phenomenon extending from the period of the gold standard to today's world of fluctuating prices. This updated edition continues to document the effect of floating, exchange rates and contains a new chapter on the Asian financial crisis, the advent of the euro, the future of the dollar, and related topics. Globalizing Capital shows how these and other recent developments can be put in perspective only once their political and historical contexts are understood. Call Number: HB501 .B372 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0300109415.YaleUniversityPress,321p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2007 Imagine this: a mere century ago, the purchasing power of an average American was one-tenth of what it is today. But what will it take to sustain that growth through the next century? And what can be said about economic growth to aspiring nations seeking higher standards of living for their citizens? In this important book, William J. Baumol, Robert E. Litan, and Carl J. Schramm contend that the answers to these questions lie within capitalist economies, though many observers make the mistake of believing that “capitalism” is of a single kind. Writing in an accessible style, the authors dispel that myth, documenting four different varieties of capitalism, some “Good” and some “Bad” for growth. The authors identify the conditions that characterize Good Capitalism—the right blend of entrepreneurial and established firms, which can vary among countries—as well as the features of Bad Capitalism. They examine how countries catching up to the United States can move faster toward the economic frontier, while laying out the need for the United States itself to stick to and reinforce the recipe for growth that has enabled it to be the leading economic force in the world. This pathbreaking book is a must read for anyone who cares about global growth and how to ensure America’s economic future. Call Number: HB75 .N347 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780684872988. Simon & Schuster, 558 p., $35.00 Publication Date: 2011 In a sweeping narrative, the author of the megabestseller A Beautiful Mind takes us on a journey through modern history with the men and women who changed the lives of every single person on the planet. It’s the epic story of the making of modern economics, and of how economics rescued mankind from squalor and deprivation by placing its material fate in its own hands rather than in Fate. Nasar’s account begins with Charles Dickens and Henry Mayhew observing and publishing the condition of the poor majority in mid-nineteenth-century London, the richest and most glittering place in the world. This was a new pursuit. She describes the often heroic efforts of Marx, Engels, Alfred Marshall, Beatrice and Sydney Webb, and the American Irving Fisher to put those insights into action—with revolutionary consequences for the world. From the great John Maynard Keynes to Schumpeter, Hayek, Keynes’s disciple Joan Robinson, the influential American economists Paul Samuelson and Milton Freedman, and India’s Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen, she shows how the insights of these activist thinkers transformed the world—from one city, London, to the developed nations in Europe and America, and now to the entire planet. In Nasar’s dramatic narrative of these discoverers we witness men and women responding to personal crises, world wars, revolutions, economic upheavals, and each other’s ideas to turn back Malthus and transform the dismal science into a triumph over mankind’s hitherto age-old destiny of misery and early death. This idea, unimaginable less than 200 years ago, is a story of trial and error, but ultimately transcendent, as it is rendered here in a stunning and moving narrative. Call Number: HG538 .F858 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691137940.PrincetonUniversityPress,265p.$19.95 Publication Date: 2008 Friedman and Schwartz's A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960, published in 1963, stands as one of the most influential economics books of the twentieth century. A landmark achievement, the book marshaled massive historical data and sharp analytics to support the claim that monetary policy—steady control of the money supply—matters profoundly in the management of the nation's economy, especially in navigating serious economic fluctuations. The chapter entitled "The Great Contraction, 1929-33" addressed the central economic event of the century, the Great Depression. Published as a stand-alone paperback in 1965, The Great Contraction, 1929-1933 argued that the Federal Reserve could have stemmed the severity of the Depression, but failed to exercise its role of managing the monetary system and ameliorating banking panics. The book served as a clarion call to the monetarist school of thought by emphasizing the importance of the money supply in the functioning of the economy—a concept that has come to inform the actions of central banks worldwide. This edition of the original text includes a new preface by Anna Jacobson Schwartz, as well as a new introduction by the economist Peter Bernstein. It also reprints comments from the current Federal Reserve chairman, Ben Bernanke, originally made on the occasion of Milton Friedman's 90th birthday, on the enduring influence of Friedman and Schwartz's work and vision. The Great Divide: Unequal Societies and What We Can Do About Them by Joseph E. Stiglitz Call Number: HC110.I5 S8667 2015 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780393248579 Publication Date: W.W. Norton, 2015. In The Great Divide, Joseph E. Stiglitz expands on the diagnosis he offered in his best-selling book The Price of Inequality and suggests ways to counter America's growing problem. With his signature blend of clarity and passion, Stiglitz argues that inequality is a choice--the cumulative result of unjust policies and misguided priorities.Gathering his writings for popular outlets including Vanity Fair and the New York Times, Stiglitz exposes in full America's inequality: its dimensions, its causes, and its consequences for the nation and for the world. From Reagan-era to the Great Recession and its long aftermath, Stiglitz delves into the irresponsible policies--deregulation, tax cuts, and tax breaks for the 1 percent--that are leaving many Americans farther and farther beyond and turning the American dream into an ever more unachievable myth. With formidable yet accessible economic insight, he urges us to embrace real solutions: increasing taxes on corporations and the wealthy; offering more help to the children of the poor; investing in education, science, and infrastructure; helping out homeowners instead of banks; and, most importantly, doing more to restore the economy to full employment. Stiglitz also draws lessons from Scandinavia, Singapore, and Japan, and he argues against the tide of unnecessary, destructive austerity that is sweeping across Europe.Ultimately, Stiglitz believes our choice is not between growth and fairness; with the right policies, we can choose both. His complaint is not so much about capitalism as such, but how twenty-first-century capitalism has been perverted. His is a call to confront America's economic inequality as the political and moral issue that it is. If we reinvest in people and pursue the other policies that he describes, America can live up to the shared dream of a more prosperous, more equal society. ISBN: 9780691153544.PrincetonUniversityPress,376p. Publication Date: 2013 In The Great Escape, Angus Deaton--one of the foremost experts on economic development and on poverty--tells the remarkable story of how, starting 250 years ago, some parts of the world began to experience sustained progress, opening up gaps and setting the stage for today's hugely unequal world. Deaton takes an in-depth look at the historical and ongoing patterns behind the health and wealth of nations, and he addresses what needs to be done to help those left behind. Deaton describes vast innovations and wrenching setbacks: the successes of antibiotics, pest control, vaccinations, and clean water on the one hand, and disastrous famines and the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the other. He examines the United States, a nation that has prospered but is today experiencing slower growth and increasing inequality. He also considers how economic growth in India and China has improved the lives of more than a billion people. Deaton argues that international aid has been ineffective and even harmful. He suggests alternative efforts--including reforming incentives to drug companies and lifting trade restrictions--that will allow the developing world to bring about its own Great Escape. Demonstrating how changes in health and living standards have transformed our lives, The Great Escape is a powerful guide to addressing the well-being of all nations. Call Number: HB3717 1929 .G32 (Library West) ISBN: HoughtonMifflin,212p. Publication Date: 1955 This work examines the 'gold-rush fantasy' in American psychology and describes its dire consequences. The Florida land boom, the operations of Insull, Kreuger and Hatry, and the Shandoah Corporation all come together in Galbraith's study of concerted human greed and folly. Reviewing Galbraith's classic examination of the 1929 financial collapse, The Atlantic Monthly said, "Economic writings are seldom notable for their entertainment value, but this book is. Galbraith's prose has grace and wit, and he distills a good deal of sardonic fun from the whopping errors of the nation's oracles and the wondrous antics of the financial community." Call Number: HB95 .B867 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674058132.HarvardUniversityPress, 303 p., $29.95 Publication Date: 2012 Just as today’s observers struggle to justify the workings of the free market in the wake of a global economic crisis, an earlier generation of economists revisited their worldviews following the Great Depression. The Great Persuasion is an intellectual history of that project. Angus Burgin traces the evolution of postwar economic thought in order to reconsider many of the most basic assumptions of our market-centered world. Conservatives often point to Friedrich Hayek as the most influential defender of the free market. By examining the work of such organizations as the Mont Pelerin Society, an international association founded by Hayek in 1947 and later led by Milton Friedman, Burgin reveals that Hayek and his colleagues were deeply conflicted about many of the enduring problems of capitalism. Far from adopting an uncompromising stance against the interventionist state, they developed a social philosophy that admitted significant constraints on the market. Postwar conservative thought was more dynamic and cosmopolitan than has previously been understood. It was only in the 1960s and ’70s that Friedman and his contemporaries developed a more strident defense of the unfettered market. Their arguments provided a rhetorical foundation for the resurgent conservatism of Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan and inspired much of the political and economic agenda of the United States in the ensuing decades. Burgin’s brilliant inquiry uncovers both the origins of the contemporary enthusiasm for the free market and the moral quandaries it has left behind. Call Number: HF1014 .P46 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary and Library West) ISBN: 9780691158686.PrincetonUniversityPress,219p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2013 China's economic growth is sputtering, the Euro is under threat, and the United States is combating serious trade disadvantages. Michael Pettis argues that we are undergoing a critical rebalancing of the world economies. He shows that severe trade imbalances spurred on the recent financial crisis and were the result of unfortunate policies that distorted the savings and consumption patterns of certain nations. Pettis examines the reasons behind these destabilizing policies, and he predicts severe economic dislocations--a lost decade for China, the breaking of the Euro, and a receding of the U.S. dollar--that will have long-lasting effects. Pettis explains how China has maintained massive--but unsustainable--investment growth by artificially lowering the cost of capital. He discusses how Germany is endangering the Euro by favoring its own development at the expense of its neighbors. And he looks at how the U.S. dollar's role as the world's reserve currency burdens America's economy. Although various imbalances may seem unrelated, Pettis shows that all of them--including the U.S. consumption binge, surging debt in Europe, China's investment orgy, Japan's long stagnation, and the commodity boom in Latin America--are closely tied together, and that it will be impossible to resolve any issue without forcing a resolution for all. Demonstrating how economic policies can carry negative repercussions the world over, The Great Rebalancing sheds urgent light on our globally linked economic future. Call Number: HC106.83.C694 2011(Library West) ISBN: 9780525952718. Dutton, 109 p. $12.95 Publication Date: 2011 Tyler Cowen's The Great Stagnation, the eSpecial heard round the world that ignited a firestorm of debate and redefined the nature of our economic malaise, is now-at last-a book. America has been through the biggest financial crisis since the great Depression, unemployment numbers are frightening, media wages have been flat since the 1970s, and it is common to expect that things will get worse before they get better. Certainly, the multidecade stagnation is not yet over. How will we get out of this mess? One political party tries to increase government spending even when we have no good plan for paying for ballooning programs like Medicare and Social Security. The other party seems to think tax cuts will raise revenue and has a record of creating bigger fiscal disasters that the first. Where does this madness come from? As Cowen argues, our economy has enjoyed low-hanging fruit since the seventeenth century: free land, immigrant labor, and powerful new technologies. But during the last forty years, the low-hanging fruit started disappearing, and we started pretending it was still there. We have failed to recognize that we are at a technological plateau. The fruit trees are barer than we want to believe. That's it. That is what has gone wrong and that is why our politics is crazy. Cowen reveals the underlying causes of our past prosperity and how we will generate it again. This is a passionate call for a new respect of scientific innovations that benefit not only the powerful elites, but humanity as a whole. Call Number: H62 .T465 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262515894. 2nd edition, MIT Press, 166 p. $22.00 Publication Date: 2011 This book is an invaluable handbook for young economists working on their dissertations, preparing their first articles for submission to professional journals, getting ready for their first presentations at conferences and job seminars, or undertaking their first refereeing assignments. In clear, concise language--a model in itself--William Thomson describes how to make written and oral presentations both engaging and efficient. Declaring "I would certainly take up arms for clarity, simplicity, and unity," Thomson covers the basics of clear exposition, including such nuts-and-bolts topics as titling papers, writing abstracts, presenting research results, and holding an audience's attention. This second edition features a substantial new chapter, "Being a Graduate Student in Economics," that offers guidance on such essential topics as the manners and mores of graduate school life, financial support, selecting an advisor, and navigating the job market. The chapter on giving talks has been rewritten to reflect the widespread use of presentation software, and new material has been added to the chapter on writing papers. Call Number: HB139 .K45 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9781405182584.6theditionBlackwellPub.,585p.$44.95 Publication Date: 2008 A Guide to Econometrics has established itself as a preferred text for teachers and students throughout the world. It provides an overview of the subject and an intuitive feel for its concepts and techniques without the notation and technical detail that characterize most econometrics textbooks. The sixth edition has two major additions, a chapter on panel data and an innovative chapter on applied econometrics. Existing chapters have been revised and updated extensively, particularly the specification chapter (to coordinate with the applied econometrics chapter), the qualitative dependent variables chapter (to better explain the difference between multinomial and conditional logit), the limited dependent variables chapter (to provide a better interpretation of Tobit estimation), and the time series chapter (to incorporate the vector autoregression discussion from the simultaneous equations chapter and to explain more fully estimation of vector error correction models). Several new exercises have been added, some of which form new sections on bootstrapping and on applied econometrics. Call Number: HB74.5 .H43 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781849804431. Edward Elgar, 410 p., $37.00 Publication Date: 2011 The testimonies recorded here provide a great insight into the minds of some of the most popular and successful to have graced a lecture hall. The range of styles is wide, but the theme of inspiration is common to all. Call Number: HB95 .M43 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691122960.PrincetonUniversityPress,230p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2009 Adam Smith turned economic theory on its head in 1776 when he declared that the pursuit of self-interest mediated by the market itself - not by government - led, via an invisible hand, to the greatest possible welfare for society as a whole. "The Hesitant Hand" examines how subsequent economic thinkers have challenged or reaffirmed Smith's doctrine, some contending that society needs government to intervene on its behalf when the marketplace falters, others arguing that government interference ultimately benefits neither the market nor society. Steven Medema explores what has been perhaps the central controversy in modern economics from Smith to today. He traces the theory of market failure from the 1840s through the 1950s and subsequent attacks on this view by the Chicago and Virginia schools. Medema follows the debate from John Stuart Mill through the Cambridge welfare tradition of Henry Sidgwick, Alfred Marshall, and A. C. Pigou, and looks at Ronald Coase's challenge to the Cambridge approach and the rise of critiques affirming Smith's doctrine anew. He shows how, following the marginal revolution, neoclassical economists, like the preclassical theorists before Smith, believed government can mitigate the adverse consequences of self-interested behavior, yet how the backlash against this view, led by the Chicago and Virginia schools, demonstrated that self-interest can also impact government, leaving society with a choice among imperfect alternatives. "The Hesitant Hand" demonstrates how government's economic role continues to be bound up in questions about the effects of self-interest on the greater good. Call Number: HB75 .S456 (Storage Auxillary) ISBN: OxfordUniversityPress,1260p.$162.00 Publication Date: 1954 At the time of his death in 1950, Joseph Schumpeter was working on his monumental "History of Economic Analysis" . Unprecedented in scope, the book was to provide a complete history of economic theory from Ancient Greece to the end of World War II. A major contribution to the history of ideas as well as to economics, "History of Economic Analysis" rapidly gained a reputation as a unique and classic work. Topics addressed include the techniques of economic analysis, contemporaneous developments in other sciences and the sociology of economics. This inclusiveness extends to the periods and individuals who figure in the book. As well as dealing with all of the major economists from Adam Smith to Maynard Keynes, the book considers the economic writings of Plato and Aristotle, of the Medieval Scholastics and of the major European economists. Throughout, Schumpeter perceived economics as a human science. Call Number: HC103.W34 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780324786620.11thedition,SouthWesternCengageLearning,624p.$186.95 Publication Date: 2010 Tying America's past to the economic policies of today and beyond, HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY 11e presents events chronologically for easy understanding. Get a firm foundation in the evolution of the American economy with this ever-popular classic. Hive Mind: How Your Nation's IQ Matters So Much More Than Your Own by Garett Jones Call Number: BF431 .J596 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780804785969 Publication Date: Stanford, 2016. $29.95 Over the last few decades, economists and psychologists have quietly documented the many ways in which a person's IQ matters. But, research suggests that a nation's IQ matters so much more.As Garett Jones argues in Hive Mind, modest differences in national IQ can explain most cross-country inequalities. Whereas IQ scores do a moderately good job of predicting individual wages, information processing power, and brain size, a country's average score is a much stronger bellwether of its overall prosperity. Drawing on an expansive array of research from psychology, economics, management, and political science, Jones argues that intelligence and cognitive skill are significantly more important on a national level than on an individual one because they have "positive spillovers." On average, people who do better on standardized tests are more patient, more cooperative, and have better memories. As a result, these qualities--and others necessary to take on the complexity of a modern economy--become more prevalent in a society as national test scores rise. What's more, when we are surrounded by slightly more patient, informed, and cooperative neighbors we take on these qualities a bit more ourselves. In other words, the worker bees in every nation create a "hive mind" with a power all its own. Once the hive is established, each individual has only a tiny impact on his or her own life. Jones makes the case that, through better nutrition and schooling, we can raise IQ, thereby fostering higher savings rates, more productive teams, and more effective bureaucracies. After demonstrating how test scores that matter little for individuals can mean a world of difference for nations, the book leaves readers with policy-oriented conclusions and hopeful speculation: Whether we lift up the bottom through changing the nature of work, institutional improvements, or freer immigration, it is possible that this period of massive global inequality will be a short season by the standards of human history if we raise our global IQ. Homer Economicus: The Simpsons and Economics by Joshua Hall (Editor) Call Number: HB172 .H66 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780804791717. Stanford, $24.95 Publication Date: 2014 In Homer Economicus a cast of lively contributors takes a field trip to Springfield, where the Simpsons reveal that economics is everywhere. By exploring the hometown of television's first family, this book provides readers with the economic tools and insights to guide them at work, at home, and at the ballot box. Since The Simpsons centers on the daily lives of the Simpson family and its colorful neighbors, three opening chapters focus on individual behavior and decision-making, introducing readers to the economic way of thinking about the world. Part II guides readers through six chapters on money, markets, and government. A third and final section discusses timely topics in applied microeconomics, including immigration, gambling, and health care as seen in The Simpsons. Reinforcing the nuts and bolts laid out in any principles text in an entertaining and culturally relevant way, this book is an excellent teaching resource that will also be at home on the bookshelf of an avid reader of pop economics. Call Number: HB3743 .M53 2014 (Library West, Forthcoming Order) ISBN: 9780226081946.UniversityofChicagoPress. Publication Date: 2014-05-12 The Great American Recession resulted in the loss of eight million jobs between 2007 and 2009. More than four million homes were lost to foreclosures. Is it a coincidence that the United States witnessed a dramatic rise in household debt in the years before the recession;that the total amount of debt for American households doubled between 2000 and 2007 to $14 trillion? Definitely not. Atif Mian and Amir Sufi reveal how the Great Recession and Great Depression, as well as the current economic malaise in Europe, were caused by a large run-up in household debt followed by a significantly large drop in household spending. Though the banking crisis captured the public’s attention, Mian and Sufi argue strongly with actual data that current policy is too heavily biased toward protecting banks and creditors. Increasing the flow of credit, they show, is disastrously counterproductive when the fundamental problem is too much debt. As their research shows, excessive household debt leads to foreclosures, causing individuals to spend less and save more. Less spending means less demand for goods, followed by declines in production and huge job losses. How do we end such a cycle? With a direct attack on debt, say Mian and Sufi. More aggressive debt forgiveness after the crash helps, but we can be rid of painful bubble-and-bust episodes only if the financial system moves away from its reliance on inflexible debt contracts. House of Debt offers convincing answers to some of the most important questions facing the modern economy today. How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life: An Unexpected Guide to Human Nature and Happiness by Russ Roberts Call Number: BJ1005.S6453R63 2014 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9781591846840 Publication Date: Portfolio Penguin, 2014. $27.95 A forgotten book by one of history's greatest thinkers reveals the surprising connections between happiness, virtue, fame, and fortune. Adam Smith may have become the patron saint of capitalism after he penned his most famous work, The Wealth of Nations. But few people know that when it came to the behavior of individuals—the way we perceive ourselves, the way we treat others, and the decisions we make in pursuit of happiness—the Scottish philosopher had just as much to say. He developed his ideas on human nature in an epic, sprawling work titled The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Most economists have never read it, and for most of his life, Russ Roberts was no exception. But when he finally picked up the book by the founder of his field, he realized he’d stumbled upon what might be the greatest self-help book that almost no one has read. In How Adam Smith Can Change Your Life, Roberts examines Smith’s forgotten masterpiece, and finds a treasure trove of timeless, practical wisdom. Smith’s insights into human nature are just as relevant today as they were three hundred years ago. What does it take to be truly happy? Should we pursue fame and fortune or the respect of our friends and family? How can we make the world a better place? Smith’s unexpected answers, framed within the rich context of current events, literature, history, and pop culture, are at once profound, counterintuitive, and highly entertaining. By reinvigorating Smith’s neglected classic, Roberts provides us with an invaluable look at human behavior through the lens of one of history’s greatest minds. Call Number: HB3722 .C37 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780374173203.Farrar,StrausandGiroux,390p.$28.00 Publication Date: 2009 In How Markets Fail, John Cassidy describes the rising influence of what he calls utopian economics—thinking that is blind to how real people act and that denies the many ways an unregulated free market can produce disastrous unintended consequences. He then looks to the leading edge of economic theory, including behavioral economics, to offer a new understanding of the economy—one that casts aside the old assumption that people and firms make decisions purely on the basis of rational self-interest. Taking the global financial crisis and current recession as his starting point, Cassidy explores a world in which everybody is connected and social contagion is the norm. In such an environment, he shows, individual behavioral biases and kinks—overconfidence, envy, copycat behavior, and myopia—often give rise to troubling macroeconomic phenomena, such as oil price spikes, CEO greed cycles, and boom-and-bust waves in the housing market. These are the inevitable outcomes of what Cassidy refers to as “rational irrationality”—self-serving behavior in a modern market setting. Combining on-the-ground reporting, clear explanations ofesoteric economic theories, and even a little crystal-ball gazing, Cassidy warns that in today’s economic crisis, conforming to antiquated orthodoxies isn’t just misguided—it’s downright dangerous. How Markets Fail offers a new, enlightening way to understand the force of the irrational in our volatile global economy. Call Number: HB95 .F37 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780195397918.OxfordUniversityPress,208p.$22.95 Publication Date: 2010 "Of all the economic bubbles that have been pricked," the editors of The Economist recently observed, "few have burst more spectacularly than the reputation of economics itself." Indeed, the financial crisis that crested in 2008 destroyed the credibility of the economic thinking that had guided policymakers for a generation. But what will take its place? In How the Economy Works, one of our leading economists provides a jargon-free exploration of the current crisis, offering a powerful argument for how economics must change to get us out of it. Roger E. A. Farmer traces the swings between classical and Keynesian economics since the early twentieth century, gracefully explaining the elements of both theories. During the Great Depression, Keynes challenged the longstanding idea that an economy was a self-correcting mechanism; but his school gave way to a resurgence of classical economics in the 1970s—a rise that ended with the current crisis. Rather than simply allowing the pendulum to swing back, Farmer writes, we must synthesize the two. From classical economics, he takes the idea that a sound theory must explain how individuals behave—how our collective choices shape the economy. From Keynesian economics, he adopts the principle that markets do not always work well, that capitalism needs some guidance. The goal, he writes, is to correct the excesses of a free-market economy without stifling entrepreneurship and instituting central planning. Recent events have shown that we cannot afford to treat economics as an ivory-tower abstraction. It has a direct impact on our lives by guiding regulators and policymakers as they make decisions with far-reaching practicalconsequences. Written in clear, accessible language, How the Economy Works makes an argument that no one should ignore. Hubris: Why Economists Failed to Predict the Crisis and How to Avoid the Next One by Meghnad Desai Call Number: (Library West, Forthcoming Order) ISBN: 9780300213546 Publication Date: Yale, 2015. $28.00 The failure of economists to anticipate the global financial crisis and mitigate the impact of the ensuing recession has spurred a public outcry. Economists are under fire, but questions concerning exactly how to redeem the discipline remain unanswered. In this provocative book, renowned economist Meghnad Desai investigates the evolution of economics and maps its trajectory against the occurrence of major political events to provide a definitive answer.   Desai underscores the contribution of hubris to economists' calamitous lack of foresight, and he makes a persuasive case for the profession to re-engage with the history of economic thought. He dismisses the notion that one over-arching paradigm can resolve all economic eventualities while urging that an array of already-available theories and approaches be considered anew for the insights they may provide toward preventing future economic catastrophes. With an accessible style and keen common sense, Desai offers a fresh perspective on some of the most important economic issues of our time. Economic Books: I - K Identity Economics: How our Identities Shape our Work, Wages, and Well-Being by by George A. Akerlof and Rachel E. Kranton Call Number: HB74.P8 A4944 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691146485.PrincetonUniversityPress,185p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2010 In 1995, economist Rachel Kranton wrote future Nobel Prize-winner George Akerlof a letter insisting that his most recent paper was wrong. Identity, she argued, was the missing element that would help to explain why people—facing the same economic circumstances—would make different choices. This was the beginning of a fourteen-year collaboration—and of Identity Economics. Identity economics is a new way to understand people's decisions—at work, at school, and at home. With it, we can better appreciate why incentives like stock options work or don't; why some schools succeed and others don't; why some cities and towns don't invest in their futures—and much, much more. Identity Economics bridges a critical gap in the social sciences. It brings identity and norms to economics. People's notions of what is proper, and what is forbidden, and for whom, are fundamental to how hard they work, and how they learn, spend, and save. Thus people's identity—their conception of who they are, and of who they choose to be—may be the most important factor affecting their economic lives. And the limits placed by society on people's identity can also be crucial determinants of their economic well-being. Call Number: HF1359 .B499 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0195170253.OxfordUniversityPress,308p.$28.00 Publication Date: 2004 In the passionate debate that currently rages over globalization, critics have been heard blaming it for a host of ills afflicting poorer nations, everything from child labor to environmental degradation and cultural homogenization. Now Jagdish Bhagwati, the internationally renowned economist, takes on the critics, revealing that globalization, when properly governed, is in fact the most powerful force for social good in the world today. Drawing on his unparalleled knowledge of international and development economics, Bhagwati explains why the "gotcha" examples of the critics are often not as compelling as they seem. With the wit and wisdom for which he is renowned, Bhagwati convincingly shows that globalization is part of the solution, not part of the problem. This edition features a new afterword by the author, in which he counters recent writings by prominent journalist Thomas Friedman and the Nobel Laureate economist Paul Samuelson and argues that current anxieties about the economic implications of globalization are just as unfounded as were the concerns about its social effects. Inequality: What can Be Done? by Anthony B. Atkinson Call Number: HC79.I5 A822 2015 (Library West, Forthcoming Order) ISBN: 9780674504769 Publication Date: Harvard, 2015. Inequality is one of our most urgent social problems. Curbed in the decades after World War II, it has recently returned with a vengeance. We all know the scale of the problemâe"talk about the 99% and the 1% is entrenched in public debateâe"but there has been little discussion of what we can do but despair. According to the distinguished economist Anthony Atkinson, however, we can do much more than skeptics imagine. Atkinson has long been at the forefront of research on inequality, and brings his theoretical and practical experience to bear on its diverse problems. He presents a comprehensive set of policies that could bring about a genuine shift in the distribution of income in developed countries. The problem, Atkinson shows, is not simply that the rich are getting richer. We are also failing to tackle poverty, and the economy is rapidly changing to leave the majority of people behind. To reduce inequality, we have to go beyond placing new taxes on the wealthy to fund existing programs. We need fresh ideas. Atkinson thus recommends ambitious new policies in five areas: technology, employment, social security, the sharing of capital, and taxation. He defends these against the common arguments and excuses for inaction: that intervention will shrink the economy, that globalization makes action impossible, and that new policies cannot be afforded. More than just a program for change, Atkinsonâe(tm)s book is a voice of hope and informed optimism about the possibilities for political action. Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know by James K. Galbraith Call Number: HM821 .G35 2016 (Library West, On Order) ISBN: 9780190250478 Publication Date: Oxford, 2016. $16.95 Over the past thirty years, the issue of economic inequality has emerged from the backwaters of economics to claim center stage in the political discourse of America and beyond - a change prompted by a troubling fact: numerous measures of income inequality, especially in the United States inthe last quarter of the twentieth century, have risen sharply in recent years. Even so, many people remain confused about what, exactly, politicians and media persons mean when they discuss inequality. What does "economic inequality" mean? How is it measured? Why should we care? Why did inequalityrise in the United States? Is rising inequality an inevitable feature of capitalism? What should we do about it? Inequality: What Everyone Needs to Know takes up these questions and more in plain and clear language, bringing to life one of the great economic and political debates of our age. Inequality expert James K. Galbraith has compiled the latest economic research on inequality and explains his findingsin a way that everyone can understand. He offers a comprehensive introduction to the study of economic inequality, including its philosophical and theoretical origins, the variety of concepts in wide use, empirical measures and their advantages and disadvantages, competing modern theories of thecauses and effects of rising inequality in the United States and worldwide, and a range of policy measures.The topic of economic inequality is going to become only more important as we approach the 2016 presidential elections. This latest addition to the popular What Everyone Needs to Know series from Oxford University Press will tell you everything you need to know to make informed opinions on thissignificant issue. Call Number: HC79.I55 S53 1999 e-book (netLibrary) Library West and the Legal Information Center ISBN: 087584863X.HarvardBusinessSchoolPress,352p.$29.95 Publication Date: 1999 Information Goods -- from movies and music to software code and stock quotes - have supplanted industrial goods as the key drivers of world markets. Confronted by this New Economy, many instinctively react by searching for a corresponding New Economics to guide their business decisions. Executives charged with rolling out cutting-edge software products or on-line versions of their magazines are tempted to abandon the classic lessons of economics, and rely instead on an ever changing roster of trends, buzzwords, and analogies that promise to guide strategy in the information age. Not so fast, say authors Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian. In Information Rules they warn managers, "Ignore basic economic principles at your own risk. Technology changes. Economic laws do not." Understanding these laws and their relevance to information goods is critical when fashioning today's successful competitive strategies. Information Rules introduces and explains the economic concepts needed to navigate the evolving network economy. Information Rules will help business leaders and policy makers - from executives in the entertainment, publishing, hardware, and software industries to lawyers, finance professionals, and writers -- make intelligent decisions about their information assets. The Inner Lives of Markets: How People Shape Them and They Shape Us by Tim Sullivan; Ray Fisman Call Number: HB171 .F545 2016 (Library West) ISBN: 9781610394925 Publication Date: Public Affairs, 2016. $25.99 America's economic revolution isn't just driven by technology. It's about markets. The past twenty-five years have witnessed a remarkable shift in how we get the stuff we want. If you’ve ever owned a business, rented an apartment, or shopped online, you've had a front-row seat for this revolution-in-progress. Breakthrough companies like Amazon and Uber have disrupted the old ways and made the economy work better--all thanks to technology. At least that's how the story of the modern economy is usually told. But in this lucid, wry book, Ray Fisman and Tim Sullivan show that the revolution is bigger than tech: it is really a story about the transformation of markets. From the auction theories that power Google's ad sales algorithms to the models that online retailers use to prevent internet fraud, even the most high-tech modern businesses are empowered by theory first envisioned by economists. And we're all participants in this revolution. Every time you book a room on Airbnb, hire a car on Lyft, or click on an ad, you too are reshaping our social institutions and our lives.The Inner Lives of Markets is necessary reading for the modern world: it reveals the blueprint for how we work, live, and shop, and offers wisdom for how to do it better. Call Number: HB161 .S646 1976 (Library West) ISBN: 0198281846.2Vols,ClarendonPress,1080p. Publication Date: 1976 First published in 1776, the year in which the American Revolution officially began, Smith's "Wealth of Nations" sparked a revolution of its own. In it Smith analyzes the major elements of political economy, from market pricing and the division of labour to monetary, tax, trade and other government policies that affect economic behaviour. Throughout he offers seminal arguments for free trade, free markets and limited government. Criticizing mercantilists who sought to use the state to increase their nations' supply of precious metals, Smith points out that a nation's wealth should be measured by the well-being of its people. Prosperity in turn requires voluntary exchange of goods in a peaceful, well-ordered market. How to establish and maintain such markets? For Smith the answer lay in man's social instincts, which government may encourage by upholding social standards of decency, honesty and virtue, but which government undermines when it unduly interferes with the intrinsically private functions of production and exchange. Social and economic order arise from the natural desires to better one's (and one's family's) lot and to gain the praise and avoid the censure of one's neighbours and business associates. Individuals behave decently and honestly because it gives them a clear conscience as well as the good reputation necessary for public approbation and sustained, profitable business relations. Call Number: HB76 .I57 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9781405157155.BlackwellPub.,419p.$74.95 Publication Date: 2007 By focusing on the human side as well as the intellectual dimensions of how economists work and think, this collection of interviews with top economists of the 20th century becomes a startling and lively introduction to the modern world of macroeconomics. It is a fun read! Acclaim for "Inside the Economist's Mind" - 'In candid interviews, these great economists prove to be fabulous story tellers of their lives and times. Unendingly gripping for insiders, this book should also help non-specialists understand how economists think' - Professor Julio Rotemberg, Harvard University Business School, and Editor, "Review of Economics and Statistics". 'Economics used to be called the 'dismal science'. It will be impossible for anybody to hold that view anymore ...This is science with flesh and blood, and a lot of fascinating stories that you will find nowhere else' - Dr. Jean-Pascal Benassy, Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques, Paris, France. 'This book provides a rare and intriguing view of the personal and professional lives of leading economists ...It is like A Beautiful Mind, scaled by a factor of 16 [the number of interviews in the book]' - Professor Lee Ohanian, University of California at Los Angeles. " ...if you want an insider view of how economics has been developing in the last decades, this is the (only) book for you' - Professor Giancarlo Gandolfo, University of Rome 'La Sapienza,' Rome. 'Here we see the HUMAN side of path-breaking research, the personalities and pitfalls, the DRAMA behind the science' - Professor Francis X. Diebold, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Call Number: HG501 .A95 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262012492.MITPress,203p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2009 Stephen Axilrod is the ultimate Federal Reserve insider. He worked at the Fed's Board of Governors for over thirty years and after that in private markets and as a consultant on monetary policy. With Inside the Fed, he offers his unique perspective on the inner workings of the Federal Reserve System during the last fifty years—writing about personalities as much as policy—based on his knowledge and observations of every Fed chairman since 1951. Axilrod's discussion focuses on how the personalities of the various chairmen affected their capacity for leadership. He describes, for example, Arthur Burns's response to political pressure from the Nixon White House and Paul Volcker's radical shift to an anti-inflationary policy at the end of the 1970s—a transition in which Axilrod himself played a crucial role. As for the Greenspan years, Axilrod points to the unintended effects of the Fed's newfound "garrulousness" (the plethora of announcements and hints about policy intentions)—one of which was the Fed's loss of credibility in the aftermath of the chairman's 1996 comment about "irrational exuberance." And Axilrod incisively outlines the problems—including the subprime mess—inherited from Greenspan by the current chairman, Ben Bernanke. Great leadership in monetary policy, Axilrod says, is determined not by pure economic sophistication but by the ability to push through political and social barriers to achieve a paradigm shift in policy—and by the courage and bureaucratic moxie to pull it off. Call Number: HD53 .K37 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521763264.Cambridge,368p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2010 There is arguably no award more recognized in the academic and professional worlds than the Nobel Prize. The public pays attention to the prizes in the fields of economics, literature, and peace because their recipients are identified with particular ideas, concepts, or actions that often resonate with or sometimes surprise a global audience. The Nobel Prize in Economic Science established by the Bank of Sweden in 1969 has been granted to 64 individuals. Thomas Karier explores the core ideas of the economic theorists whose work led to their being awarded the Nobel in its first 40 years. He also discusses the assumptions and values that underlie their economic theories, revealing different and controversial features of the content and methods of the discipline. The Nobelists include Keynesians, monetarists, financial economists, behaviorists, historians, statisticians, mathematicians, game theorists, and other innovators. Rich in biographical details, illuminating the modern history of the discipline as a whole, Intellectual Capital allows an audience of lay and professional readers to readily understand the notions that define modern economic science and practice. It pointedly asks, and answers, whether the prizes have been awarded to those economists "who have during the previous year rendered the greatest service to mankind. Call Number: HB172 .V34 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393934243.8thedition,W.W.Norton&Company,739p.$178.95 Publication Date: 2010 For over 20 years Hal Varian’s Intermediate Microeconomics has given students the most current and complete coverage of intermediate microeconomics at an appropriate mathematical level. The Eighth Edition includes contemporary case studies and examples and relevant coverage of the current economic crisis—all in focused, lecture-length chapters. Call Number: HG501 .A95 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262015622. Revised edition, MIT Press, 2011. 225 p. $24.95 Stephen Axilrod is the ultimate Federal Reserve insider. He worked at the Fed's Board of Governors for more than thirty years and after that in private markets and as a consultant on monetary policy. With Inside the Fed, he offers his unique perspective on the inner workings of the Federal Reserve System during the last fifty years—writing about personalities as much as policy—based on his knowledge and observations of every Fed chairman since 1951. This new,post-financial meltdown edition offers his assessment of the Fed's action (and inaction) during the crisis and expanded coverage of the Fed in the Bernanke era. In this revised edition, Axilrod gives an account of the Fed's dramatic, even mind-bending, experiences in the great credit crisis of 2007-2009. He assesses the full range of the Fed's unusual and innovative actions during the crisis and the beginnings of its aftermath. He questions whether the Fed used its monetary and regulatory powers to full effect to minimize and contain the disruption of the nation's—and the world's—financial stability. And, in an entirely new chapter, he evaluates Bernanke's performance through his full first term (as well as the early part of his second) in light of his actions during the crisis. In later chapters he also reevaluates the image, stature, and structure of the Fed in the aftermath of the crisis and the new comprehensive financial legislation subsequently enacted.Great leadership in monetary policy, Axilrod says, is determined not by pure economic sophistication but by the ability to push through political and social barriers to achieve a paradigm shift in policy—and by the courage and bureaucratic moxie to pull it off. Call Number: HD53 .K583 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781594035272. Encounter Books, $16.95 Publication Date: 2011 The discipline of economics is not what it used to be. Over the last few decades, economists have begun a revolutionary reorientation in how we look at the world, and this has major implications for politics, policy, and our everyday lives. For years, conventional economists told us an incomplete story that leaned on the comfortable precision of mathematical abstraction and ignored the complexity of the real world with all of its uncertainties, unknowns, and ongoing evolution. What economists left out of the story were the positive forces of creativity, innovation, and advancing technology that propel economies forward. Economists did not describe the dynamic process that leads to new pharmaceuticals, cell phones, Web-based information services-forces that fundamentally alter how we live our daily lives. Economists also left out the negative forces that can hold economies back: bad governance, counterproductive social practices, and patterns of taking wealth instead of creating it. They took for granted secure property rights, honest public servants, and the willingness of individuals to experiment and adapt to novelty. From Poverty to Prosperity is not Tipping Point or Freakonomics. Those books offer a smorgasbord of fascinating findings in economics and sociology, but the findings are only loosely related. From Poverty to Prosperity on the other hand, tells a big picture story about the huge differences in the standard of living across time and across borders. It is a story that draws on research from the world's most important economists and eschews the conventional wisdom for a new, more inclusive, vision of the world and how it works. Call Number: HB171 .M4613 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781405183581.WileyBlackwell,334p.$34.95 Publication Date: 2009 "Invitation to Economics" empowers the reader to spot naive and spurious economic arguments by inculcating an intuitive 'feel' for economics. A unique and critical guide to understanding economic arguments in the media, this work focuses on microeconomics, specifically on the idea that economic policies often have important indirect effects. Key ideas are applied repeatedly in numerous case studies drawn from newspapers and other media. Economic principles are presented in an accessible and non-rigorous format using case studies. This work incorporates the value judgments and political judgments that underlie economic policies. Call Number: HG4910 .S457 2015 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9780691166261 Publication Date: Princeton, 2015. 3rd ed. In this revised, updated, and expanded edition of his New York Times bestseller, Nobel Prize–winning economist Robert Shiller, who warned of both the tech and housing bubbles, now cautions that signs of irrational exuberance among investors have only increased since the 2008–9 financial crisis. With high stock and bond prices in the United States, and rising housing prices in many countries, the post-subprime boom may well turn out to be another illustration of Shiller’s influential argument that psychologically driven volatility is an inherent characteristic of all asset markets. In other words, Irrational Exuberance is as relevant as ever. But Irrational Exuberance is about something far more important than the current situation in any given market because the book explains the forces that move all markets up and down. It shows how investor euphoria can drive asset prices up to dizzying and unsustainable heights, and how, at other times, investor discouragement can push prices down to very low levels. Previous editions covered the stock and housing markets—and famously predicted their crashes. This new edition expands its coverage to include the bond market, so that the book now addresses all of the major investment markets. This edition also includes updated data throughout, as well as Shiller’s 2013 Nobel Prize lecture, which puts the book in broader context. In addition to diagnosing the causes of asset bubbles, Irrational Exuberance recommends urgent policy changes to lessen their likelihood and severity—and suggests ways that individuals can decrease their risk before the next bubble bursts. No one whose future depends on a retirement account, a house, or other investments can afford not to read it. For more information, including new developments and regular data updates, please go to www.irrationalexuberance.com Jane Austen, Game Theorist by Michael Suk-you Chew Call Number: PR4038.G36 C49 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary and Library West) ISBN: 9780691155760.PrincetonUniversityPress.272p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2013 Game theory--the study of how people make choices while interacting with others--is one of the most popular technical approaches in social science today. But as Michael Chwe reveals in his insightful new book, Jane Austen explored game theory's core ideas in her six novels roughly two hundred years ago.Jane Austen, Game Theoristshows how this beloved writer theorized choice and preferences, prized strategic thinking, argued that jointly strategizing with a partner is the surest foundation for intimacy, and analyzed why superiors are often strategically clueless about inferiors. With a diverse range of literature and folktales, this book illustrates the wide relevance of game theory and how, fundamentally, we are all strategic thinkers. Although game theory's mathematical development began in the Cold War 1950s, Chwe finds that game theory has earlier subversive historical roots in Austen's novels and in "folk game theory" traditions, including African American folktales. Chwe makes the case that these literary forebears are game theory's true scientific predecessors. He considers how Austen in particular analyzed "cluelessness"--the conspicuous absence of strategic thinking--and how her sharp observations apply to a variety of situations, including U.S. military blunders in Iraq and Vietnam. Jane Austen, Game Theoristbrings together the study of literature and social science in an original and surprising way. Call Number: HB119.G33 P37 2005 (Library West) ISBN: 0374281688.Farrar,StrausandGiroux,820p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2005 John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) was one of America’s most famous economists for good reason. From his acerbic analysis of America’s “private wealth and public squalor” to his denunciation of the wars in Vietnam and Iraq, Galbraith consistently challenged “conventional wisdom” (a phrase he coined). He did so as a witty commentator on America’s political follies and as a versatile author of bestselling books—such as The Affluent Society and The New Industrial State—that warn of the dangers of deregulated markets, corporate greed, and inattention to the costs of our military power. Here, in the first full-length biography of Galbraith and his times, Richard Parker provides not only a nuanced portrait of this extraordinary man, but also an important reinterpretation of twentieth-century public policy and economic practices. Call Number: HB103.K47S55 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199591640.OxfordUniversityPress,2010.$11.95 Publication Date: 2010 John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) is a central thinker of the twentieth century, not just an economic theorist and statesman, but also in economics, philosophy, politics, and culture. In this Very Short Introduction Lord Skidelsky, a renowned biographer of Keynes, explores his ethical and practical philosophy, his monetary thought, and provides an insight into his life and works. In the recent financial crisis Keynes's theories have become more timely than ever, and remain at the centre ofpolitical and economic discussion. With a look at his major works and his contribution to twentieth-century economic thought, Skidelsky considers Keynes's legacy on today's society. Keynes: The Return of the Master by by Robert Jacob Alexander Skidelsky Call Number: HB99.7 .S58 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9781586488277.PublicAffairs,256p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2009 The ideas of John Maynard Keynes have never been more timely. No one has bettered Keynes's description of the psychology of investors during a financial crisis: ‘The practice of calmness and immobility, of certainty and security, suddenly breaks down. New fears and hopes will, without warning, take charge of human conduct… the market will be subject to waves of optimistic and pessimistic sentiment.' Keynes's preeminent biographer, Robert Skidelsky, Emeritus Professor of Political Economy at the University of Warwick, brilliantly synthesizes from Keynes's career and life the aspects of his thinking that apply most directly to the world we currently live in. In so doing, Skidelsky shows that Keynes's mixture of pragmatism and realism – which distinguished his thinking from the neo-classical or Chicago school of economics that has been the dominant influence since the Thatcher-Reagan era and which made possible the raw market capitalism that created the current global financial crisis – is more pertinent and applicable than ever. Crucially Keynes offers nervous capitalists – and Keynes never wavered in his belief in the capitalist system – a positive answer to the question we now face: When unbridled capitalism falters, is there an alternative? "In the long run," as Keynes famously said, "we are all dead". We may not have time to wait for the perfect theoretical operation of capital as the neo-classicists insist will happen eventually. In the meantime, we have Keynes: more supple, more human and more magnificently real than ever. Call Number: HB95 .W25 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393077483.W.W.NortonandCo.,382p.,$28.95 Publication Date: 2011 As the stock market crash of 1929 plunged the world into turmoil, two men emerged with competing claims on how to restore balance to economies gone awry. John Maynard Keynes, the mercurial Cambridge economist, believed that government had a duty to spend when others would not. He met his opposite in a little-known Austrian economics professor, Freidrich Hayek, who considered attempts to intervene both pointless and potentially dangerous. The battle lines thus drawn, Keynesian economics would dominate for decades and coincide with an era of unprecedented prosperity, but conservative economists and political leaders would eventually embrace and execute Hayek's contrary vision. From their first face-to-face encounter to the heated arguments between their ardent disciples, Nicholas Wapshott here unearths the contemporary relevance of Keynes and Hayek, as present-day arguments over the virtues of the free market and government intervention rage with the same ferocity as they did in the 1930s. Call Number: HB103.K47 T49 2014 (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780262028318. MIT Press. 117 p. $24.95 Publication Date: 2014-09-12 As the global economic crisis continues to cause damage, some policy makers have called for a more Keynesian approach to current economic problems. In this book, the economists Peter Temin and David Vines provide an accessible introduction to Keynesian ideas that connects Keynes's insights to today's global economy and offers readers a way to understand current policy debates. John Maynard Keynes (1883--1946) created the branch of economics now known as macroeconomics. He played a major role in the reconstruction of Europe and the world economy after the Second World War. Keynesian economics came to be identified with efforts to mitigate the Great Depression and with postwar economic policies that helped power a golden age of economic growth. Temin and Vines argue that Keynes also provided a way to understand the interactions among nations, and therein lies his relevance for today's global crisis. Temin and Vines survey economic thinking before Keynes and explain how difficult it was for Keynes to escape from conventional wisdom. They set out the Keynesian analysis of a closed economy and expand the analysis to the international economy, using a few simple graphs to present Keynes's formal analyses in an accessible way. They discuss problems of today's world economy, showcasing the usefulness of a simple Keynesian approach to current economic policy choices. Keynesian ideas, they argue, can lay the basis for a return to economic growth. Call Number: HB137 .K36 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781451651201.Simon&Schuster, 287 p., $27.00 Publication Date: 2014 We are bombarded every day with numbers that tell us how we are doing, whether the economy is growing or shrinking, whether the future looks bright or dim. Gross national product, balance of trade, unemployment, inflation, and consumer confidence guide our actions, yet few of us know where these numbers come from or what they mean. In The Leading Indicators, Zachary Karabell tells the fascinating history of these indicators. They were invented in the mid-twentieth century to address the urgent challenges of the Great Depression, World War II, and the Cold War. They were rough measures- designed to give clarity in a data-parched world that was made up of centralized, industrial nations-yet we still rely on them today. We live in a world shaped by information technology and the borderless flow of capital and goods. What is urgently needed, Karabell makes clear, is not that we invent a new set of numbers but that we tap into the thriving data revolution, which offers unparalleled access to the information we need. Companies should not base their business plans on GDP projections; individuals should not decide whether to buy a home or get a degree based on the national unemployment rate. If you want to buy a home, look for a job, start a company, or run a business, you should find your own indicators. National housing figures don't matter; local ones do. You can find them at the click of a button. Personal, made-to-order indicators will meet our needs today, and the revolution is well underway. We need only to join it. Call Number: HB76 .L58 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262027960 Publication Date: MIT, 2014. Lives of the Laureates offers readers an informal history of modern economic thought as told through autobiographical essays by twenty-three Nobel Prize laureates in Economics. The essays not only provide unique insights into major economic ideas of our time but also shed light on the processes of intellectual discovery and creativity. The accounts are accessible and engaging, achieving clarity without sacrificing inherently difficult content. This sixth edition adds four recent Nobelists to its pages: Eric Maskin, who illustrates his explanation of mechanism design with an example involving a mother, a cake, and two children; Joseph Stiglitz, who recounts his field's ideological wars linked to policy disputes; Paul Krugman, who describes the insights he gained from studying the model of the Capitol Hill Babysitting Coop (and the recession it suffered when more people wanted to accumulate babysitting coupons than redeem them); and Peter Diamond, who maps his development from student to teacher to policy analyst. Lives of the Laureates grows out of a continuing lecture series at Trinity University in San Antonio, which invites Nobelists from American universities to describe their evolution as economists in personal as well as technical terms. These lectures demonstrate the richness and diversity of contemporary economic thought. The reader will find that paths cross in unexpected ways--that disparate thinkers were often influenced by the same teachers -- and that luck as well as hard work plays a role in the process of scientific discovery. The LaureatesLawrence R. Klein - Kenneth J. Arrow - Paul A. Samuelson - Milton Friedman - George J. Stigler - James Tobin - Franco Modigliani - James M. Buchanan - Robert M. Solow - William F. Sharpe - Douglass C. North - Myron S. Scholes - Gary S. Becker - Robert E. Lucas, Jr. - James J. Heckman - Vernon L. Smith - Edward C. Prescott - Thomas C. Schelling - Edmund S. Phelps - Eric S. Maskin - Joseph E. Stiglitz - Paul Krugman - Peter A. Diamond Call Number: HG3000.L82 B3 1979b (Library West) ISBN: 0883556774.HyperionPress,[originallypublishedinLondonin1873].176p. Publication Date: 1979 Much of what we consider modern economics is the work of British journalist and economist Walter Bagehot, one of the first editors of the influential newspaper The Economist and an early proponent of business cycles. Here, he develops his theory of central banking, much of which continues to impact financial thinking today. First published in 1873, Lombard Street explores the history of London's Lombard Street, from how it came to be the traditional home of banks and moneylenders to how the value of money was determined by the institutions there. Joint stocks, private banking, and the regulation of the banking reserve: Bagehot's discussion of these fundamental economic issues makes this a vital resource for anyone wishing to understand financial history. WALTER BAGEHOT (1826-1877) also wrote The English Constitution (1867), Physics and Politics (1872), and The Postulates of English Political Economy (1885), among other works. Making Globalization Work by by Joseph E. Stiglitz Call Number: HF1359 .S753 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393061222.W.W.Norton&Co.,358p.$26.95 Publication Date: 2006 Four years after he outlined the challenges our increasingly interdependent world was facing in Globalization and Its Discontents, Joseph E. Stiglitz offered his agenda for reform. Now in paperback, Making Globalization Work offers inventive solutions to a host of problems, including the indebtedness of developing countries, international fiscal instability, and worldwide pollution. Stiglitz also argues for the reform of global financial institutions, trade agreements, and intellectual property laws, to make them better able to respond to the growing disparity between the richest and poorest countries. Now more than ever before, globalization has gathered the peoples of the world into one community, bringing with it a need to think and act globally. This trenchant, intellectually powerful book is an invaluable step in that process. This paperback edition contains a brand-new preface. Call Number: HB75 .C25 2003 (Library West) ISBN: 9812383247.4thedition,WorldScientificPub.,285p.$25.00 Publication Date: 2003 A classic returns. The third edition of The Making of Economics appeared in 1987. Now, in a major revision, Ray Canterbery brings the book right up to date with new chapters on the "casino economy" (a term the author invented to describe an economy driven by making money with money rather than focusing on real production, now overtaken by reality), Joseph Schumpeter, globalization, and general equilibrium. Canterbery retains the engaging flavor of the earlier editions by covering the times and ideas of the major economists, such as Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, Mill, and Marshall, while giving ample ink to the remarkable dissidents — Marx, Veblen, Galbraith, Heilbroner, and other "radicals". Canterbery again unmasks a traditional economics eschewing value judgements but itself standing on hidden ones even as he traces its origins to Isaac Newton's idea of an orderly universe. Personal references relate the great economists' ideas to the societies in which they lived, making the historical figures really come alive. Economics is displayed as a developing discipline, a discipline still evolving. Call Number: HB75 .C25 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9812835156.4thedition,WorldScientificPub.,235p.$38.00 Publication Date: 2009 Volume II in The Making of Economics, 4th Edition series fills a major gap in the literature of economics, providing in brief fashion a complete treatment of high theory in economics. Like Volume I, the book is accessible to the intelligent reader, be they advanced undergraduate or graduate students, laypeople, or professors of economics and finance. The author walks the reader through the maze of contemporary economics, acquainting them with the most up-to-date theories as well as recent economic history. The learning tasks are eased by volleys of examples as well as dramatic illustrations. The progression is from neoclassical Keynesian economics to monetarism, continuing with mathematical economics and econometrics, the theory of economic growth, the new classical economics, game theory, experimental economics, and global economics. For example, common threads between Smithian classical economics and new classical economics are woven into the fabric of discussions directing the way to the higher theory. The new chapters on mathematics and econometrics, game theory, experimental economics, and globalization are not to be found in other surveys of what the author calls the "Modern Superstructure of Economics." Although designed to be used with Volume I, it can also stand alone as a text or textbook supplement for a wide range of courses in economics and finance. ISBN: 9780691158983.PrincetonUniversityPress,392p. Publication Date: 2013 In this book, Nobel Prize-winning economist Edmund Phelps draws on a lifetime of thinking to make a sweeping new argument about what makes nations prosper--and why the sources of that prosperity are under threat today. Why did prosperity explode in some nations between the 1820s and 1960s, creating not just unprecedented material wealth but "flourishing"--meaningful work, self-expression, and personal growth for more people than ever before? Phelps makes the case that the wellspring of this flourishing was modern values such as the desire to create, explore, and meet challenges. These values fueled the grassroots dynamism that was necessary for widespread, indigenous innovation. Most innovation wasn't driven by a few isolated visionaries like Henry Ford; rather, it was driven by millions of people empowered to think of, develop, and market innumerable new products and processes, and improvements to existing ones. Mass flourishing--a combination of material well-being and the "good life" in a broader sense--was created by this mass innovation. Yet indigenous innovation and flourishing weakened decades ago. In America, evidence indicates that innovation and job satisfaction have decreased since the late 1960s, while postwar Europe has never recaptured its former dynamism. The reason, Phelps argues, is that the modern values underlying the modern economy are under threat by a resurgence of traditional, corporatist values that put the community and state over the individual. The ultimate fate of modern values is now the most pressing question for the West: will Western nations recommit themselves to modernity, grassroots dynamism, indigenous innovation, and widespread personal fulfillment, or will we go on with a narrowed innovation that limits flourishing to a few? A book of immense practical and intellectual importance, Mass Flourishing is essential reading for anyone who cares about the sources of prosperity and the future of the West. Call Number: HB139 .A53984 2015 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691152837 Publication Date: Princeton, 2015. $79.50 Applied econometrics, known to aficionados as 'metrics, is the original data science. 'Metrics encompasses the statistical methods economists use to untangle cause and effect in human affairs. Through accessible discussion and with a dose of kung fu–themed humor, Mastering 'Metrics presents the essential tools of econometric research and demonstrates why econometrics is exciting and useful. The five most valuable econometric methods, or what the authors call the Furious Five--random assignment, regression, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity designs, and differences in differences--are illustrated through well-crafted real-world examples (vetted for awesomeness by Kung Fu Panda's Jade Palace). Does health insurance make you healthier? Randomized experiments provide answers. Are expensive private colleges and selective public high schools better than more pedestrian institutions? Regression analysis and a regression discontinuity design reveal the surprising truth. When private banks teeter, and depositors take their money and run, should central banks step in to save them? Differences-in-differences analysis of a Depression-era banking crisis offers a response. Could arresting O. J. Simpson have saved his ex-wife's life? Instrumental variables methods instruct law enforcement authorities in how best to respond to domestic abuse. Wielding econometric tools with skill and confidence, Mastering 'Metrics uses data and statistics to illuminate the path from cause to effect. Shows why econometrics is important Explains econometric research through humorous and accessible discussion Outlines empirical methods central to modern econometric practice Works through interesting and relevant real-world examples Call Number: HB74.M3I57 (Library West and FLARE) ISBN: 0135617537.PrenticeHall,508p.$49.00 Publication Date: 1971 Mathematical Optimization and Economic Theory provides a self-contained introduction to and survey of mathematical programming and control techniques and their applications to static and dynamic problems in economics, respectively. It is distinctive in showing the unity of the various approaches to solving problems of constrained optimization that all stem back directly or indirectly to the method of Lagrange multipliers. In the 30 years since its initial publication, there have been many more applications of these mathematical techniques in economics, as well as some advances in the mathematics of programming and control. Nevertheless, the basic techniques remain the same today as when the book was originally published. Thus, it continues to be useful not only to its original audience of advanced undergraduate and graduate students in economics, but also to mathematicians and other researchers who are interested in learning about the applications of the mathematics of optimization to economics. Call Number: HB135 .M3698 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262015073.3rdedition,MITPress,959p.$59.00 Publication Date: 2011 This text offers a comprehensive presentation of the mathematics required to tackle problems in economic analysis. To give a better understanding of the mathematical concepts,the text follows the logic of the development of mathematics rather than that of an economics course. The only prerequisite is high school algebra, but the book goes on to cover all the mathematics needed for undergraduate economics. It is also a useful reference for graduate students. After a review of the fundamentals of sets,numbers, and functions, the book covers limits and continuity, the calculus of functions of one variable, linear algebra, multivariate calculus, and dynamics. To develop the student's problem-solving skills, the book works through a large number of examples and economic applications. This streamlined third edition offers an array of new and updated examples. [Some of the lengthier proofs and examples have been moved to the book's Web site. This combination of formats allows the authors to add content without expanding the physical size of the book. The book and the Web material are integral to each other; examples and figures on the Web are cross-referenced in the text. A student solutions manual will be available in e-book form. Instructors will be able to access online instructor's material that includes Power Point slides. Call Number: HB141 .B64 2015 (Library West & MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9781107032941 Publication Date: Cambridge, 2014. $29.99 Concern about the role and the limits of modeling has heightened after repeated questions were raised regarding the dependability and suitability of the models that were used in the run-up to the 2008 financial crash. In this book, Lawrence Boland provides an overview of the practices of and the problems faced by model builders to explain the nature of models, the modeling process, and the possibility for and nature of their testing. In a reflective manner, the author raises serious questions about the assumptions and judgments that model builders make in constructing models. In making his case, he examines the traditional microeconomics-macroeconomics separation with regard to how theoretical models are built and used and how they interact, paying particular attention to the use of equilibrium concepts in macroeconomic models and game theory and to the challenges involved in building empirical models, testing models, and using models to test theoretical explanations. Call Number: HG221.M66 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780230238886.PalgraveMacmillan,384p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2010 Following the recent publication of the award winning and much acclaimed The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, second edition which brings together Nobel Prize winners and the brightest young scholars to survey the discipline, we are pleased to announce The New Palgrave Economics Collection. Due to demand from the economics community these books address key subject areas within the field. Each title is comprised of specially selected articles from the Dictionary and covers a fundamental theme within the discipline. All of the articles have been specifically chosen by the editors of the Dictionary, Steven N.Durlauf and Lawrence E.Blume and are written by leading practitioners in the field. The Collections provide the reader with easy to access information on complex and important subject areas, and allow individual scholars and students to have their own personal reference copy. Call Number: HB849.44 .L36 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 1416532218.FreePress,275p.$26.00 Publication Date: 2007 Steven Landsburg's writings are living proof that economics need not be "the dismal science." Readers of The Armchair Economist and his columns in Slate magazine know that he can make economics not only fun but fascinating, as he searches for the reasons behind the odd facts we face in our daily lives. In More Sex Is Safer Sex, he brings his witty and razor-sharp analysis to the many ways that our individually rational decisions can combine into some truly weird collective results -- and he proposes hilarious and serious ways to fix just about everything. Landsburg's solutions to the many ways that modern life is unfair or inefficient are both jaw-dropping and maddeningly defensible. We should encourage people to cut in line at water fountains on hot days. We should let firefighters keep any property they rescue from burning houses. We should encourage more people to act like Scrooge, because misers are just as generous as philanthropists. Why do parents of sons stay married more often than parents who have only daughters? Why does early motherhood not only correlate with lower income, but actually cause it? Why do we execute murderers but not the authors of vicious computer viruses? The lesson of this fascinating, fun, and endlessly provocative book is twofold: many apparently very odd behaviors have logical explanations, and many apparently logical behaviors make no sense whatsoever. Call Number: HC79.P6 K374 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780525951896.Dutton,308p.$26.95 Publication Date: 2011 "A leading economist and researcher report from the front lines of a revolution in solving the world's most persistent problem. When it comes to global poverty, people are passionate and polarized. At one extreme: We just need to invest more resources. At the other: We've thrown billions down a sinkhole over the last fifty years and accomplished almost nothing. Dean Karlan and Jacob Appel present an entirely new approach that blazes an optimistic and realistic trail between these two extremes. In this pioneering book Karlan and Appel combine behavioral economics with worldwide field research. They take readers with them into villages across Africa, India, South America, and the Philippines, where economic theory collides with real life. They show how small changes in banking, insurance, health care, and other development initiatives that take into account human irrationality can drastically improve the well-being of poor people everywhere. We in the developed world have found ways to make our own lives profoundly better. We use new tools to spend smarter, save more, eat better, and lead lives more like the ones we imagine. These tools can do the same for the impoverished. Karlan and Appel's research, and those of some close colleagues, show exactly how. In America alone, individual donors contribute over two hundred billion to charity annually, three times as much as corporations, foundations, and bequests combined. This book provides a new way to understand what really works to reduce poverty; in so doing, it reveals how to better invest those billions and begin transforming the well-being of the world"-- Call Number: HB139 .A54 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691120348.PrincetonUniversityPress,373p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2008 The core methods in today's econometric toolkit are linear regression for statistical control, instrumental variables methods for the analysis of natural experiments, and differences-in-differences methods that exploit policy changes. In the modern experimentalist paradigm, these techniques address clear causal questions such as: Do smaller classes increase learning? Should wife batterers be arrested? How much does education raise wages? Mostly Harmless Econometrics shows how the basic tools of applied econometrics allow the data to speak. In addition to econometric essentials, Mostly Harmless Econometrics covers important new extensions—regression-discontinuity designs and quantile regression—as well as how to get standard errors right. Joshua Angrist and Jörn-Steffen Pischke explain why fancier econometric techniques are typically unnecessary and even dangerous. The applied econometric methods emphasized in this book are easy to use and relevant for many areas of contemporary social science.An irreverent review of econometric essentials A focus on tools that applied researchers use most Chapters on regression-discontinuity designs, quantile regression, and standard errors Many empirical examples A clear and concise resource with wide applications Call Number: HB171 .W54 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393337648.RevisedEd.W.W.Norton,354p.$16.95 Publication Date: 2010 Finally! A book about economics that won’t put you to sleep. In fact, you won’t be able to put this bestseller down. In our challenging economic climate, this perennial favorite of students and general readers is more than a good read, it’s a necessary investment—with a blessedly sure rate of return. Demystifying buzzwords, laying bare the truths behind oft-quoted numbers, and answering the questions you were always too embarrassed to ask, the breezy Naked Economics gives readers the tools they need to engage with pleasure and confidence in the deeply relevant, not so dismal science. This revised and updated edition adds commentary on hot topics, including the current economic crisis, globalization, the economics of information, the intersection of economics and politics, and the history—and future—of the Federal Reserve. Call Number: HB95 .S74 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199560516.Oxford,150p,$11.95 Publication Date: 2010 Anchored in the principles of the free-market economics, "neoliberalism" has been associated with such different political leaders as Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Augusto Pinochet, and Junichiro Koizumi. In its heyday during the late 1990s, neoliberalism emerged as the world's dominant economic paradigm, stretching from the Anglo-American heartlands of capitalism to the former communist bloc all the way to the developing regions of the global South. Today, however, neoliberalism has been discredited as the global economy, built on its principles, has been shaken to its core by the worst financial calamity since the 1930s. Is neoliberalism doomed or will it regain its former status? Will the new U.S. President Barack Obama embrace or reject the neoliberal agenda of his predecessors in the White House? And how will his decision impact the current global economic order? Is there a viable alternative to neoliberalism? Exploring the origins, core claims, and various forms of neoliberalism, this Very Short Introduction offers a concise and accessible introduction to one of the most debated "isms" of our time. Call Number: HC106.8 .B3749 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 0230615872.PalgraveMacmillan,266p.$28.00 Publication Date: 2009 As a domestic policy advisor to Ronald Reagan, Bruce Bartlett was one of the originators of Reaganomics, the supply-side economic theory that conservatives have clung to for decades. In The Failure of Economics, Bartlett goes back to the economic roots that made Impostor a bestseller and abandons the conservative dogma in favor of a policy strongly based on what's worked in the past. Marshalling compelling history and economics, he explains how economic theories that may be perfectly valid at one moment in time under one set of circumstances tend to lose validity over time because they are misapplied under different circumstances. Bartlett makes a compelling, historically-based case for large tax increases, once anathema to him and his economic allies. In The Failure of Economics, Bartlett seeks to clarify a compelling and way forward for the American economy. Call Number: HB99.5 .N4913 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521876605.CambridgeUniversityPress,2008.558p.$59.00 Publication Date: 2008 Institutions frame behaviors and exchanges in markets, business networks, communities, and organizations throughout the world. Thanks to the pioneering work of Ronald Coase, Douglas North and Olivier Williamson, institutions are now recognized as being a key factor in explaining differences in performance between industries, nations, and regions. The fast-growing field of new institutional economics analyzes the economics of institutions and organizations using methodologies, concepts, and analytical tools from a wide range of disciplines (including political science, anthropology, sociology, management, law, and economics). With contributions from an international team of researchers, New Institutional Economics provides theoreticians, practitioners, and advanced students in economics and social sciences with a guide to the many recent developments in the field. It explains the underlying methodologies, identifies issues and questions for future research, and shows how results apply to decision making in law, economic policy, management, regulation and institutional design. Call Number: HB74.P8 T53 2008 (Library West &Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9780300122237.YaleUniversityPress,293p.$26.00 Publication Date: 2008 Every day we make decisions on topics ranging from the personal investments we select to the schools we pick for our children to the foods we eat to the causes we champion. Unfortunately, as authors Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein astutely observe, we don't always choose well. The reason, the authors explain, is that we all are susceptible to cognitive biases and blunders that make us human, fallible, and prone to error.Thaler and Sunstein invite us to enter an alternative world, one that recognizes our humanness as a given. They show that the way we think can be used to our advantage: it is possible to design environments that make it more likely for us to act in our own interests. Using colourful examples from all aspects of life, Thaler and Sunstein demonstrate how 'choice architecture' can be established to nudge us in beneficial directions without restricting the full menu of choices available to us. Nudge offers a unique new take, from neither the left nor the right, on many current issues, and is one of the most engaging and provocative books to come along in years. On the Wealth of Nations by by P.J. O'Rourke and Adam Smith Call Number: HB161 O76 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 0871139499.AtlanticMonthlyPress,242p.$21.95 Publication Date: 2006 As one of the first titles in Atlantic Monthly Press' "Books That Changed the World" series, America's most provocative satirist, P. J. O'Rourke, reads Adam Smith's revolutionary The Wealth of Nations so you don't have to. Recognized almost instantly on its publication in 1776 as the fundamental work of economics, The Wealth of Nations was also recognized as really long: the original edition totaled over nine hundred pages in two volumes--including the blockbuster sixty-seven-page "digression concerning the variations in the value of silver during the course of the last four centuries," which, "to those uninterested in the historiography of currency supply, is like reading Modern Maturity in Urdu." Although daunting, Smith's tome is still essential to understanding such current hot-topics as outsourcing, trade imbalances, and Angelina Jolie. In this hilarious, approachable, and insightful examination of Smith and his groundbreaking work, P. J. puts his trademark wit to good use, and shows us why Smith is still relevant, why what seems obvious now was once revolutionary, and why the pursuit of self-interest is so important. Call Number: HB75 .B33x 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 0691096260.PrincetonUniversityPress,368p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2002 In some of Western culture's earliest writings, Hesiod defined the basic economic problem as one of scarce resources, a view still held by most economists. Diocletian tried to save the falling Roman Empire with wage and price fixes—a strategy that has not gone entirely out of style. And just as they did in the late nineteenth century, thinkers trained in physics renovated economic inquiry in the late twentieth century. Taking us from Homer to the frontiers of game theory, this book presents an engrossing history of economics, what Alfred Marshall called "the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life."While some regard economics as a modern invention, Roger Backhouse shows that economic ideas were influential even in antiquity—and that the origins of contemporary economic thought can be traced back to the ancients. He reveals the genesis of what we have come to think of as economic theory and shows the remarkable but seldom explored impact of economics, natural science, and philosophy on one another. He introduces fascinating characters who have thought about money and markets, including theologians, philosophers, politicians, lawyers, and poets as well as economists themselves. We learn how some of history's most influential concepts arose from specific times and places: from the Stoic notion of natural law to the mercantilism that rose with the European nation-state; from postwar development economics to the recent experimental and statistical economics made possible by affluence and powerful computers.This book is the best history of economics—and among the finest intellectual histories—to be published since Heilbroner's The Worldly Philosophers. It proves that economics has been anything but "the dismal science." Call Number: QA269 .B475 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 0195300572.OxfordUniversityPress,639p.$74.00 Publication Date: 2007 Ken Binmore's previous game theory textbook, Fun and Games (D.C. Heath, 1991), carved out a significant niche in the advanced undergraduate market; it was intellectually serious and more up-to-date than its competitors, but also accessibly written. Its central thesis was that game theory allows us to understand many kinds of interactions between people, a point that Binmore amply demonstrated through a rich range of examples and applications. This replacement for the now out-of-date 1991 textbook retains the entertaining examples, but changes the organization to match how game theory courses are actually taught, making Playing for Real a more versatile text that almost all possible course designs will find easier to use, with less jumping about than before. In addition, the problem sections, already used as a reference by many teachers, have become even more clever and varied, without becoming too technical. Playing for Real will sell into advanced undergraduate courses in game theory, primarily those in economics, but also courses in the social sciences, and serve as a reference for economists. Call Number: HC110.15 F64 2013 e-book (MyiLibrary and Library West) ISBN: 9780226256610.UniversityofChicagoPress,148p. Publication Date: 2013 With Political Arithmetic, Nobel Prize-winning economist Robert Fogel and his collaborators tell the story of economist Simon Kuznets, the founding of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the creation of the concept of GNP, which for the first time enabled us to measure the performance of entire economies. The book weaves together the many strands of political and economic thought and historical pressures that together created the demand for more detailed economic thinking--Progressive-era hopes for activist government, the production demands of World War I, Herbert Hoover's interest in business cycles as President Harding's commerce secretary, and the catastrophic economic failures of the Great Depression--and shows how, through trial and error, measurement and analysis, economists such as Kuznets rose to the occasion and in the process built a discipline whose knowledge could be put to practical use in everyday decision-making. The product of a lifetime of studying the workings of economies and skillfully employing the tools of economics, Political Arithmetic is simultaneously a history of a key period of economic thought and a testament to the power of applied ideas. Call Number: HB3717 .M24 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691145013.PrincetonUniversityPress, 356 p. Publication Date: 2013 Behind every financial crisis lurks a "political bubble"--policy biases that foster market behaviors leading to financial instability. Rather than tilting against risky behavior, political bubbles--arising from a potent combination of beliefs, institutions, and interests--aid, abet, and amplify risk. Demonstrating how political bubbles helped create the real estate-generated financial bubble and the 2008 financial crisis, this book argues that similar government oversights in the aftermath of the crisis undermined Washington's response to the "popped" financial bubble, and shows how such patterns have occurred repeatedly throughout US history. The authors show that just as financial bubbles are an unfortunate mix of mistaken beliefs, market imperfections, and greed, political bubbles are the product of rigid ideologies, unresponsive and ineffective government institutions, and special interests. Financial market innovations--including adjustable-rate mortgages, mortgage-backed securities, and credit default swaps--become subject to legislated leniency and regulatory failure, increasing hazardous practices. The authors shed important light on the politics that blinds regulators to the economic weaknesses that create the conditions for economic bubbles and recommend simple, focused rules that should help avoid such crises in the future. The first full accounting of how politics produces financial ruptures, Political Bubbles offers timely lessons that all sectors would do well to heed. Call Number: HB137.Z55 2007 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 006135323X.Harper,280p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2008 Do you know why you still have a headache after taking a one-cent aspirin, but why that same headache disappears if the aspirin costs fifty cents? Do you know why recalling the Ten Commandments reduces people’s tendency to lie, or why honor codes are actually effective in reducing dishonesty at the workplace? Do you know why, after doing careful and extensive research on which car to buy, a random meeting with someone who had an awful experience with that car changes your decision? Why do we make decisions contrary to our better judgment? What is “better judgment?” Predictably Irrational challenges us to ponder these questions (questions we sometimes avoid) and demonstrates how irrationality manifests itself in situations (often very peculiar and hilarious situations) where rational thought is expected. We all succumb to irrationality, it’s about time we find out how it affects our daily lives in a significant way. In this astounding new book, groundbreaking in scope and totally original, Dan Ariely cuts to the heart of our strange behaviors and presents outstanding material that will keep every reader transfixed. Call Number: HC106.84 .S23 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781400068418. Random House, 324 p., $27.00 Publication Date: 2011 For more than three decades, Jeffrey D. Sachs has been at the forefront of international economic problem solving. But Sachs turns his attention back home in The Price of Civilization, a book that is essential reading for every American. In a forceful, impassioned, and personal voice, he offers not only a searing and incisive diagnosis of our country’s economic ills but also an urgent call for Americans to restore the virtues of fairness, honesty, and foresight as the foundations of national prosperity. As he has done in dozens of countries around the world in the midst of economic crises, Sachs turns his unique diagnostic skills to what ails the American economy. He finds that both political parties—and many leading economists—have missed the big picture, offering shortsighted solutions such as stimulus spending or tax cuts to address complex economic problems that require deeper solutions. Sachs argues that we have profoundly underestimated globalization’s long-term effects on our country, which create deep and largely unmet challenges with regard to jobs, incomes, poverty, and the environment. America’s single biggest economic failure, Sachs argues, is its inability to come to grips with the new global economic realities. Yet Sachs goes deeper than an economic diagnosis. By taking a broad, holistic approach—looking at domestic politics, geopolitics, social psychology, and the natural environment as well—Sachs reveals the larger fissures underlying our country’s current crisis. He shows how Washington has consistently failed to address America’s economic needs. He describes a political system that has lost its ethical moorings, in which ever-rising campaign contributions and lobbying outlays overpower the voice of the citizenry. He also looks at the crisis in our culture, in which an overstimulated and consumption-driven populace in a ferocious quest for wealth now suffers shortfalls of social trust, honesty, and compassion. Finally, Sachs offers a plan to turn the crisis around. He argues persuasively that the problem is not America’s abiding values, which remain generous and pragmatic, but the ease with which political spin and consumerism run circles around those values. He bids the reader to reclaim the virtues of good citizenship and mindfulness toward the economy and one another. Most important, he bids each of us to accept the price of civilization, so that together we can restore America to its great promise. The Price of Civilization is a masterly road map for prosperity, founded on America’s deepest values and on a rigorous understanding of the twenty-first-century world economy. Call Number: PS3618.O3159P75 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691135090.PrincetonUniversityPress,203p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2008 Stanford University student and Cuban American tennis prodigy Ramon Fernandez is outraged when a nearby mega-store hikes its prices the night of an earthquake. He crosses paths with provost and economics professor Ruth Lieber when he plans a campus protest against the price-gouging retailer—which is also a major donor to the university. Ruth begins a dialogue with Ramon about prices, prosperity, and innovation and their role in our daily lives. Is Ruth trying to limit the damage from Ramon's protest? Or does she have something altogether different in mind? As Ramon is thrust into the national spotlight by events beyond the Stanford campus, he learns there's more to price hikes than meets the eye, and he is forced to reconsider everything he thought he knew. What is the source of America's high standard of living? What drives entrepreneurs and innovation? What upholds the hidden order that allows us to choose our careers and pursue our passions with so little conflict? How does economic order emerge without anyone being in charge? Ruth gives Ramon and the reader a new appreciation for how our economy works and the wondrous role that the price of everything plays in everyday life. The Price of Everything is a captivating story about economic growth and the unseen forces that create and sustain economic harmony all around us. Call Number: HC110.I5 S867 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393088694.W.W.Norton&Co., 414 p., $27.96 Publication Date: 2012 The top 1 percent of Americans control 40 percent of the nation's wealth. And, as Joseph E. Stiglitz explains, while those at the top enjoy the best health care, education, and benefits of wealth, they fail to realize that "their fate is bound up with how the other 99 percent live." Stiglitz draws on his deep understanding of economics to show that growing inequality is not inevitable: moneyed interests compound their wealth by stifling true, dynamic capitalism. They have made America the most unequal advanced industrial country while crippling growth, trampling on the rule of law, and undermining democracy. The result: a divided society that cannot tackle its most pressing problems. With characteristic insight, Stiglitz examines our current state, then teases out its implications for democracy, for monetary and budgetary policy, and for globalization. He closes with a plan for a more just and prosperous future. Call Number: HB171.5 .F75 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780202309699.TransactionPublishers,357p.$34.95 Publication Date: 2007 Economics is sometimes divided into two parts: positive economics and normative economics. The former deals with how the economic problem is solved, while the latter deals with how the economic problem should be solved. The effects of price or rent control on the distribution of income are problems of positive economics. The desirability of these effects on income distribution is a problem of normative economics. Within economics, the major division is between monetary theory and price theory. Monetary theory deals with the level of prices in general, with cyclical and other fluctuations in total output, total employment, and the like. Price theory deals with the allocation of resources among different uses, the price of one item relative to another. Prices do three kinds of things. They transmit information, they provide an incentive to users of resources to be guided by this information, and they provide an incentive to owners of resources to follow this information. Milton Friedman's classic book provides the theoretical underpinning for and understanding of prices. Economics is not concerned solely with economic problems. It is a social science, and is therefore concerned primarily with those economic problems whose solutions involve the cooperation and interaction of different individuals. It is concerned with problems involving a single individual only insofar as the individual's behavior has implications for or effects upon other individuals. "Price Theory" is concerned not with economic problems in the abstract, but with how a particular society solves its economic problems. Call Number: HB221 .H62 2005 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521818643.7thedition,CambridgeUniversityPress,614p.$55.00 Publication Date: 2005 Featuring extensive coverage of information, uncertainty, and game theory, this volume is a new edition of a classic textbook in intermediate microeconomics. It contains over a hundred examples illustrating the applicability of economic analysis not only to mainline economic topics but also issues in politics, history, biology, the family, and many other areas. The text generally describes recent research published in scholarly books and articles, providing students with a good idea of the scientific work done by professional economists in a variety of areas. Jack Hirshleifer is Distinguished Professor of Economics, Emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles Amihai Glazer is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Irvine David Hirshleifer holds the Ralph M. Kurtz Chair of Finance at The Ohio State University. Call Number: HF5416.5 .P66 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780809094691.HillandWang,352p.$26.99 Publication Date: 2009 Prada stores carry a few obscenely expensive items in order to boost sales for everything else (which look like bargains in comparison). People used to download music for free, then Steve Jobs convinced them to pay. How? By charging 99 cents. That price has a hypnotic effect: the profit margin of the 99 Cents Only store is twice that of Wal-Mart. Why do text messages cost money, while e-mails are free? Why do jars of peanut butter keep getting smaller in order to keep the price the “same”? The answer is simple: prices are a collective hallucination. In Priceless, the bestselling author William Poundstone reveals the hidden psychology of value. In psychological experiments, people are unable to estimate “fair” prices accurately and are strongly influenced by the unconscious, irrational, and politically incorrect. It hasn’t taken long for marketers to apply these findings. “Price consultants” advise retailers on how to convince consumers to pay more for less, and negotiation coaches offer similar advice for businesspeople cutting deals. The new psychology of price dictates the design of price tags, menus, rebates, “sale” ads, cell phone plans, supermarket aisles, real estate offers, wage packages, tort demands, and corporate buyouts. Prices are the most pervasive hidden persuaders of all. Rooted in the emerging field of behavioral decision theory, Priceless should prove indispensable to anyone who negotiates. Call Number: HF1373 .P75 2009 (Library West and Business Reference) ISBN: 9780691128122.2vols.PrincetonUniversityPress,1246p.$250.00 Publication Date: 2009 Increasing economic globalization has made understanding the world economy more important than ever. From trade agreements to offshore outsourcing to foreign aid, this two-volume encyclopedia explains the key elements of the world economy and provides a first step to further research for students and scholars in public policy, international studies, business, and the broader social sciences, as well as for economic policy professionals. Written by an international team of contributors, this comprehensive reference includes more than 300 up-to-date entries covering a wide range of topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development. Call Number: HB171 .M25 1936 (Library West) ISBN: 8thedition,MacmillanandCo.,Limited,871p. Publication Date: 1936 British economist Alfred Marshall (1842-1924) was one of the most prominent thinkers of his age on the philosophy of finance, and this, considered his greatest work, was for years the standard text on the subject. First published in 1890, the 1920 eighth edition serves as an excellent primer on such topics as: . basic economic laws, the purpose of economic studies, fundamental concepts including wealth, production, consumption, labor, income, capital, and others, understanding consumer demand, an introduction to market studies, and much more. Call Number: HB119.S35 M43 2007 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674025233.HarvardUniversityPress,736p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2007 Pan Am, Gimbel's, Pullman, Douglas Aircraft, Digital Equipment Corporation, British Leyland—all once as strong as dinosaurs, all now just as extinct. Destruction of businesses, fortunes, products, and careers is the price of progress toward a better material life. No one understood this bedrock economic principle better than Joseph A. Schumpeter. "Creative destruction," he said, is the driving force of capitalism. Described by John Kenneth Galbraith as "the most sophisticated conservative" of the twentieth century, Schumpeter made his mark as the prophet of incessant change. His vision was stark: Nearly all businesses fail, victims of innovation by their competitors. Businesspeople ignore this lesson at their peril—to survive, they must be entrepreneurial and think strategically. Yet in Schumpeter's view, the general prosperity produced by the "capitalist engine" far outweighs the wreckage it leaves behind. During a tumultuous life spanning two world wars, the Great Depression, and the early Cold War, Schumpeter reinvented himself many times. From boy wonder in turn-of-the-century Vienna to captivating Harvard professor, he was stalked by tragedy and haunted by the specter of his rival, John Maynard Keynes. By 1983—the centennial of the birth of both men—Forbes christened Schumpeter, not Keynes, the best navigator through the turbulent seas of globalization. Time has proved that assessment accurate. Prophet of Innovation is also the private story of a man rescued repeatedly by women who loved him and put his well-being above their own. Without them, he would likely have perished, so fierce were the conflicts between his reason and his emotions.Drawing on all of Schumpeter's writings, including many intimate diaries and letters never before used, this biography paints the full portrait of a magnetic figure who aspired to become the world's greatest economist, lover, and horseman—and admitted to failure only with the horses. Call Number: LC66 .G65 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780674028678.HarvardUniversityPress,488p. Publication Date: 2008 This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century.The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slow-down was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it. Call Number: HG4521 .M284 2003 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393062458.Revisededition,W.W.Norton&Co.,414p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2007 Updated with a new chapter that draws on behavioural finance, the field that studies the psychology of investment decisions, here is the best-selling, authoritative and gimmick-free guide to investing. Burton Malkiel evaluates the full range of investment opportunities, from stocks, bonds and money markets to insurance, home ownership and tangible assets such as gold or collectibles. This edition includes new strategies for rearranging your portfolio for retirement, along with the book's classic life-cycle guide to investing, which matches the needs of investors in any age bracket. "A Random Walk Down Wall Street" long ago established itself as the first book to purchase before starting a portfolio and this "entertaining and informative" ("Financial Times") book remains the best investing guide money can buy. Call Number: HB501 .M554 2002 (Library West) ISBN: 0393050211.W.W.Norton,278p.$25.95 Publication Date: 2002 From the wild swings of the stock market to the online auctions of eBay to the unexpected twists of the world's post-Communist economies, markets have suddenly become quite visible. We now have occasion to ask, "What makes these institutions work? How important are they? How can we improve them?" Taking us on a lively tour of a world we once took for granted, John McMillan offers examples ranging from a camel trading fair in India to the $20 million per day Aalsmeer flower market in the Netherlands to the global trade in AIDS drugs. Eschewing ideology, he shows us that markets are neither magical nor immoral. Rather, they are powerful if imperfect tools, the best we've found for improving our living standards. A New York Times Notable Book. Call Number: HB3716 .K77 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780393071016.W.W.Norton&Co.,191p.$24.95 Publication Date: 2009 In 1999, in The Return of Depression Economics , Paul Krugman surveyed the economic crises that had swept across Asia and Latin America, and pointed out that those crises were a warning for all of us: like diseases that have become resistant to antibiotics, the economic maladies that caused the Great Depression were making a comeback. In the years that followed, as Wall Street boomed and financial wheeler-dealers made vast profits, the international crises of the 1990s faded from memory. But now depression economics has come to America: when the great housing bubble of the mid-2000s burst, the U.S. financial system proved as vulnerable as those of developing countries caught up in earlier crisesa-and a replay of the 1930s seems all too possible.In this new, greatly updated edition of The Return of Depression Economics , Krugman shows how the failure of regulation to keep pace with an increasingly out-of-control financial system set the United States, and the world as a whole, up for the greatest financial crisis since the 1930s. He also lays out the steps that must be taken to contain the crisis, and turn around a world economy sliding into a deep recession. Brilliantly crafted in Krugmana-s trademark stylea-lucid, lively, and supremely informeda-this new edition of The Return of Depression Economics will become an instant cornerstone of the debate over how to respond to the crisis. Call Number: HD82 .H38 1976 (Legal Information Center and Marston Science Library) ISBN: 0226320782.Reprint,UniversityofChicagoPress,248p.$17.00 Publication Date: 1876 c. 1944 An unimpeachable classic work in political philosophy, intellectual and cultural history, and economics, The Road to Serfdom has inspired and infuriated politicians, scholars, and general readers for half a century. Originally published in 1944—when Eleanor Roosevelt supported the efforts of Stalin, and Albert Einstein subscribed lock, stock, and barrel to the socialist program—The Road to Serfdom was seen as heretical for its passionate warning against the dangers of state control over the means of production. For F. A. Hayek, the collectivist idea of empowering government with increasing economic control would lead not to a utopia but to the horrors of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. First published by the University of Chicago Press on September 18, 1944, The Road to Serfdom garnered immediate, widespread attention. The first printing of 2,000 copies was exhausted instantly, and within six months more than 30,000 books were sold. In April 1945, Reader’s Digest published a condensed version of the book, and soon thereafter the Book-of-the-Month Club distributed this edition to more than 600,000 readers. A perennial best seller, the book has sold 400,000 copies in the United States alone and has been translated into more than twenty languages, along the way becoming one of the most important and influential books of the century. Call Number: HB71 .B7786 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780521513845.CambridgeUniversityPress,382p.$85.00 Publication Date: 2009 Since economies are dynamic processes driven by creativity, social norms, and emotions as well as rational calculation, why do economists largely study them using static equilibrium models and narrow rationalistic assumptions? Economic activity is as much a function of imagination and social sentiments as of the rational optimisation of given preferences and goods. Richard Bronk argues that economists can best model and explain these creative and social aspects of markets by using new structuring assumptions and metaphors derived from the poetry and philosophy of the Romantics. By bridging the divide between literature and science, and between Romanticism and narrow forms of Rationalism, economists can access grounding assumptions, models, and research methods suitable for comprehending the creativity and social dimensions of economic activity. This is a guide to how economists and other social scientists can broaden their analytical repertoire to encompass the vital role of sentiments, language, and imagination. Call Number: HB801 .M83 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780805092646.TimesBooks, 288 p., $28.00 Publication Date: 2013 A surprising and intriguing examination of how scarcity—and our flawed responses to it—shapes our lives, our society, and our culture Why do successful people get things done at the last minute? Why does poverty persist? Why do organizations get stuck firefighting? Why do the lonely find it hard to make friends? These questions seem unconnected, yet Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir show that they are all examples of a mind-set produced by scarcity. Mullainathan and Shafir show that scarcity creates a similar psychology for everyone struggling to manage with less than they need. Busy people fail to manage their time efficiently for the same reasons the poor and those maxed out on credit cards fail to manage their money. The dynamics of scarcity reveal why dieters find it hard to resist temptation, why students and busy executives mismanage their time, and why sugarcane farmers are smarter after harvest than before. Mullainathan and Shafir discuss how scarcity affects our daily lives, recounting anecdotes of their own foibles and making surprising connections that bring this research alive. Their book provides a new way of understanding why the poor stay poor and the busy stay busy, and it reveals not only how scarcity leads us astray but also how individuals and organizations can better manage scarcity for greater satisfaction and success. Call Number: HB119.S28D628 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199857203.292p.,$39.95 Publication Date: 2012 Thomas Schelling, who wrote the foreword for this book, won the Nobel Prize in economics for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis." This came after he had taught a course in game theory and rational choice to advanced students and government officials for 45 years. In this book, Robert Dodge provides in language for a broad audience, the concepts that Schelling taught. Armed with Schelling's understanding of game theory methods and his approaches to problems, the general reader can improve daily decision making. Mathematics often make game theory challenging but was not a major part of Schelling's course and is even less of a factor in this book. Along with a summary of the material Schelling presented, included are problems from the course and similar less challenging questions. While considerable analysis is done with the basic game theory tool -- the two-by-two matrix -- much of the book is descriptive and rational decision-making is explained with stories. Chapter supplements are added to illuminate points presented by Schelling, including writings by Paul Krugman, Thomas Friedman, Steven Levitt, and others. A Short History of Economic Thought by by Bo Sandelin, Hans-Michael Trautwein and Richard Wundrak Call Number: HB75 .S293 2008 (Library West) ISBN: 9780415438858.2ndedition,Routledge,118p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2008 This book provides an elementary introduction to the history of economic thought and has been considerably overhauled and updated since the appearance of the first edition in 2002. A chapter is devoted to each of the major developments in the history of the discipline, with a brand new introduction setting the scene. This short history of economic thinking covers large ground by outlining the main schools of thought and paradigm shifts in the field. Greater coverage is allowed to the major Anglo-American trends while retaining the innovative coverage of mainland European thinking so characteristic of the original. In the final chapter, the authors draw together some of the key strands and comment on some major works and textbooks in the history of economic ideas. The book concludes by reflecting on the changes in economic thinking within the general context of the philosophy of science. Call Number: CB158 .S54 2012 (Library West & Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9781594204111.PenguinPress, 534 p., $27.95 Publication Date: 2012 Nate Silver built an innovative system for predicting baseball performance, predicted the 2008 election within a hair’s breadth, and became a national sensation as a blogger—all by the time he was thirty. The New York Times now publishes FiveThirtyEight.com, where Silver is one of the nation’s most influential political forecasters. Drawing on his own groundbreaking work, Silver examines the world of prediction, investigating how we can distinguish a true signal from a universe of noisy data. Most predictions fail, often at great cost to society, because most of us have a poor understanding of probability and uncertainty. Both experts and laypeople mistake more confident predictions for more accurate ones. But overconfidence is often the reason for failure. If our appreciation of uncertainty improves, our predictions can get better too. This is the “prediction paradox”: The more humility we have about our ability to make predictions, the more successful we can be in planning for the future. In keeping with his own aim to seek truth from data, Silver visits the most successful forecasters in a range of areas, from hurricanes to baseball, from the poker table to the stock market, from Capitol Hill to the NBA. Silver observes that the most accurate forecasters tend to have a superior command of probability, and they tend to be both humble and hardworking. They distinguish the predictable from the unpredictable, and they notice a thousand little details that lead them closer to the truth. Because of their appreciation of probability, they can distinguish the signal from the noise. With everything from the health of the global economy to our ability to fight terrorism dependent on the quality of our predictions, Nate Silver’s insights are an essential read. Call Number: HT612 .C53 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691162546.PrincetonUniversityPress,364p.,$29.95 Publication Date: 2014 How much of our fate is tied to the status of our parents and grandparents? How much does this influence our children? More than we wish to believe. While it has been argued that rigid class structures have eroded in favor of greater social equality, The Son Also Rises proves that movement on the social ladder has changed little over eight centuries. Using a novel technique--tracking family names over generations to measure social mobility across countries and periods--renowned economic historian Gregory Clark reveals that mobility rates are lower than conventionally estimated, do not vary across societies, and are resistant to social policies. The good news is that these patterns are driven by strong inheritance of abilities and lineage does not beget unwarranted advantage. The bad news is that much of our fate is predictable from lineage. Clark argues that since a greater part of our place in the world is predetermined, we must avoid creating winner-take-all societies. Clark examines and compares surnames in such diverse cases as modern Sweden, fourteenth-century England, and Qing Dynasty China. He demonstrates how fate is determined by ancestry and that almost all societies have similarly low social mobility rates. These figures are impervious to institutions, and it takes hundreds of years for descendants to shake off the advantages and disadvantages of their ancestors. Clark contends that societies should act to limit the disparities in rewards between those of high and low social rank. Challenging popular assumptions about mobility and revealing the deeply entrenched force of inherited advantage, The Son Also Rises is sure to prompt intense debate for years to come. Call Number: HB74.P8 C695 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691143163.Revisededition,PrincetonUniversityPress,$21.95 Publication Date: 2010 For many, Thomas Carlyle's put-down of economics as "the dismal science" rings true--especially in the aftermath of the crash of 2008. But Diane Coyle argues that economics today is more soulful than dismal, a more practical and human science than ever before.The Soulful Sciencedescribes the remarkable creative renaissance in economics, how economic thinking is being applied to the paradoxes of everyday life.This revised edition incorporates the latest developments in the field, including the rise of behavioral finance, the failure of carbon trading, and the growing trend of government bailouts. She also discusses such major debates as the relationship between economic statistics and presidential elections, the boundary between private choice and public action, and who is to blame for today's banking crisis. Call Number: HF1359 .B42 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 007154903X.McGrawHill,369p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2009 With technology and globalization advancing at breakneck speed, the world economy becomes more complex by the day. Activists, politicians, and media enablers—conservative and liberal, left and right, informed and just plain wrong—consistently seize this opportunity to present woefully simplistic explanations and hype the latest myths regarding issues affecting the economy. Their purpose is not to educate but to advocate and, in many cases involving the media, manufacture outrage to drive ratings higher. So, where can you find the truth about today’s economy and how it affects you? Turn off the TV, put down the magazine, log off the Internet—and read this book. Spin-Free Economics places the current economic debates where they belong: in the middle of the road. With no political ax to grind, Nariman Behravesh takes a centrist approach to explain how today’s economic issues affect individuals and businesses. Along the way, he debunks myths regarding the effects of immigration, unemployment, regulation, productivity, education, health care, and other headline issues. Taking Economics Seriously by by Dean Baker Call Number: HB171 .B22 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262014182.MITPress,136p.$14.95 Publication Date: 2010 There is nothing wrong with economics, Dean Baker contends, but economists routinely ignore their own principles when it comes to economic policy. What would policy look like if we took basic principles of mainstream economics seriously and applied them consistently? In the debate over regulation, for example, Baker—one of the few economists who predicted the meltdown of fall 2008—points out that ideological blinders have obscured the fact there is no "free market" to protect. Modern markets are highly regulated, although intrusive regulations such as copyright and patents are rarely viewed as regulatory devices. If we admit the extent to which the economy is and will be regulated, we have many more options in designing policy and deciding who benefits from it. Taking Economics Seriously offers an alternative Econ 101. It introduces economic principles and thinks through what we might gain if we free ourselves from ideological blinders and get back to basics in the most troubled parts of our economy. Call Number: QA269 .V65 1953 (Marston Science Library) ISBN: PrincetonUniversityPress,641p.$25.00 Publication Date: 1953, c 1944 This is the classic work upon which modern-day game theory is based. What began more than sixty years ago as a modest proposal that a mathematician and an economist write a short paper together blossomed, in 1944, when Princeton University Press published "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. In it, John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern conceived a groundbreaking mathematical theory of economic and social organization, based on a theory of games of strategy. Not only would this revolutionize economics, but the entirely new field of scientific inquiry it yielded--game theory--has since been widely used to analyze a host of real-world phenomena from arms races to optimal policy choices of presidential candidates, from vaccination policy to major league baseball salary negotiations. And it is today established throughout both the social sciences and a wide range of other sciences. Call Number: HB175 .W364 1964 (Library West) ISBN: FreePress,436p. Publication Date: 1964, c. 1947 Weber is often incorrectly assumed to be an advocate of bureaucracy and a mechanistic society, rather than someone who described bureaucracy__with at least some degree of correctness--as the most efficient and rationalmeans of organization. In fact, as R.J. Kilcullen puts it, "bureaucracy was for Weber what capitalism was for Marx, the admired enemy." No understanding of the way modern organizations work would be complete without a study of this book. Max Weber was a versatile thinker who was a professor of political economy at the universities of Freiburg and Heidelberg in Germany. He is best known today as onne of the founding fathers of modern sociology. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization grew out of his philosophical inquiries into the nature of authority and how it is transmitted. Weber identified three types of authority: the "charismatic," based on the individual qualities of a leader and reverence for them among his or her followers; the "traditional," based on custom and usage; and the "rational-legal" based on the rule of objective law. Bureaucracy is the most efficient way of implementing the rule of law. [Source: Business: The Ultimate Resource, 2nd ed., 2006] Call Number: BF441 .K238 2011 (Library West and Legal Information Center) ISBN: 9780374275631. 499 p., $30.00 Publication Date: 2011 Daniel Kahneman, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his seminal work in psychology that challenged the rational model of judgment and decision making, is one of our most important thinkers. His ideas have had a profound and widely regarded impact on many fields—including economics, medicine, and politics—but until now, he has never brought together his many years of research and thinking in one book. In the highly anticipated Thinking, Fast and Slow, Kahneman takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. Kahneman exposes the extraordinary capabilities—and also the faults and biases—of fast thinking, and reveals the pervasive influence of intuitive impressions on our thoughts and behavior. The impact of loss aversion and overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the challenges of properly framing risks at work and at home, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning the next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems work together to shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives—and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Thinking, Fast and Slow will transform the way you think about thinking. Call Number: HB3722.R45 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691142166.PrincetonUniversityPress,496p.$35.00 Publication Date: 2009 This Time Is Different presents a comprehensive look at the varieties of financial crises, and guides us through eight astonishing centuries of government defaults, banking panics, and inflationary spikes--from medieval currency debasements to today's subprime catastrophe. Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, leading economists whose work has been influential in the policy debate concerning the current financial crisis, provocatively argue that financial combustions are universal rites of passage for emerging and established market nations. The authors draw important lessons from history to show us how much--or how little--we have learned. Using clear, sharp analysis and comprehensive data, Reinhart and Rogoff document that financial fallouts occur in clusters and strike with surprisingly consistent frequency, duration, and ferocity. They examine the patterns of currency crashes, high and hyperinflation, and government defaults on international and domestic debts--as well as the cycles in housing and equity prices, capital flows, unemployment, and government revenues around these crises. While countries do weather their financial storms, Reinhart and Rogoff prove that short memories make it all too easy for crises to recur. An important book that will affect policy discussions for a long time to come, This Time Is Different exposes centuries of financial missteps. Call Number: HB3722.S659 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780670021253.Viking,357p.$32.95 Publication Date: 2009 In Too Big to Fail, Andrew Ross Sorkin delivers the first definitive blow-by-blow account of this epochal crisis - from the machinations inside Lehman Brothers' plush offices to the corridors of power in Washington to secret meetings in Moscow. Sorkin recounts how, motivated as often by ego and greed as by fear and sheer self-preservation, the most powerful men and women in finance and politics decided the fate of the world's economy. This true story is not only a look at banks that were too big to fail but also a humbling human drama about a cast of bold-faced names who thought they themselves were too big to fail. Call Number: HD30.23 .L578 2014 e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9781118781807. Wiley, 285 p. Publication Date: 2014 A detailed look at how economists shaped the world, and how the legacy continues Trillion Dollar Economists explores the prize-winning ideas that have shaped business decisions, business models, and government policies, expanding the popular idea of the economist's role from one of forecaster to one of innovator. Written by the former Director of Economic Research at Bloomberg Government, the Kauffman Foundation and the Brookings Institution, this book describes the ways in which economists have helped shape the world ? in some cases, dramatically enough to be recognized with a Nobel Prize or Clark Medal. Detailed discussion of how economists think about the world and the pace of future innovation leads to an examination of the role, importance, and limits of the market, and economists' contributions to business and policy in the past, present, and future. Few economists actually forecast the economy's performance. Instead, the bulk of the profession is concerned with how markets work, and how they can be made more efficient and productive to generate the things people want to buy for a better life. Full of interviews with leading economists and industry leaders, Trillion Dollar Economists showcases the innovations that have built modern business and policy. Readers will: Review the basics of economics and the innovation of economists, including market failures and the macro-micro distinction Discover the true power of economic ideas when used directly in business, as exemplified by Priceline and Google Explore the future of economics in business applications, and the policy ideas, challenges, and implications Economists have helped firms launch new businesses, established new ways of making money, and shaped government policy to create new opportunities and a new landscape on which businesses compete. Trillion Dollar Economists provides a comprehensive exploration of these contributions, and a detailed look at innovation to come. Call Number: HT361 .G53 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9781594202773.PenguinPress, 338p.$29.95 Publication Date: 2011 America is an urban nation. More than two thirds of us live on the 3 percent of land that contains our cities. Yet cities get a bad rap: they're dirty, poor, unhealthy, crime ridden, expensive, environmentally unfriendly... Or are they? As Edward Glaeser proves in this myth-shattering book, cities are actually the healthiest, greenest, and richest (in cultural and economic terms) places to live. New Yorkers, for instance, live longer than other Americans; heart disease and cancer rates are lower in Gotham than in the nation as a whole. More than half of America's income is earned in twenty-two metropolitan areas. And city dwellers use, on average, 40 percent less energy than suburbanites. Glaeser visits Bangalore and Silicon Valley, whose strangely similar histories prove how essential education is to urban success and how new technology actually encourages people to gather together physically. He discovers why Detroit is dying while other old industrial cities-Chicago, Boston, New York-thrive. He investigates why a new house costs 350 percent more in Los Angeles than in Houston, even though building costs are only 25 percent higher in L.A. He pinpoints the single factor that most influences urban growth-January temperatures-and explains how certain chilly cities manage to defy that link. He explains how West Coast environmentalists have harmed the environment, and how struggling cities from Youngstown to New Orleans can "shrink to greatness." And he exposes the dangerous anti-urban political bias that is harming both cities and the entire country. Using intrepid reportage, keen analysis, and eloquent argument, Glaeser makes an impassioned case for the city's import and splendor. He reminds us forcefully why we should nurture our cities or suffer consequences that will hurt us all, no matter where we live. Call Number: HB501 .C51715 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781846143281. Allen Lane, 286 p. $25.00 Publication Date: 2010 Chang (Bad Samaritans) takes on the "free-market ideologues," the stentorian voices in economic thought and, in his analysis, the engineers of the recent financial catastrophe. Free market orthodoxy has inserted its tenterhooks into almost every economy in the world--over the past three decades, most countries have privatized state-owned industrial and financial firms, deregulated finance and industry, liberalized international trade and investments, and reduced income taxes and welfare payments. But these policies have unleashed bubbles and ever increasing income disparity. How can we dig ourselves out? By examining the many myths in the narrative of free-market liberalism, crucially that the name is itself a misnomer: there is nothing "free" about a market where wages are largely politically determined; that greater macroeconomic stability has not made the world economy more stable; and a more educated population itself won't make a country richer. An advocate of big, active government and capitalism as distinct from a free market, Chang presents an enlightening précis of modern economic thought--and all the places it's gone wrong, urging us to act in order to completely rebuild the world economy. Call Number: HC78 .P63 E27 2013 (Library West ISBN: 9780465031252. Basic Books, 394 p. Publication Date: 2014 Over the last century, global poverty has largely been viewed as a technical problem that merely requires the right "expert" solutions. Yet all too often, experts recommend solutions that fix immediate problems without addressing the systemic political factors that created them in the first place. Further, they produce an accidental collusion with "benevolent autocrats," leaving dictators with yet more power to violate the rights of the poor.In The Tyranny of Experts, economist William Easterly, bestselling author of The White Man's Burden, traces the history of the fight against global poverty, showing not only how these tactics have trampled the individual freedom of the world's poor, but how in doing so have suppressed a vital debate about an alternative approach to solving poverty: freedom. Presenting a wealth of cutting-edge economic research, Easterly argues that only a new model of development-one predicated on respect for the individual rights of people in developing countries, that understands that unchecked state power is the problem and not the solution -will be capable of ending global poverty once and for all. Uncommon Sense: Economic Insights, From Marriage to Terrorism by by Gary S. Becker and Richard A. Posner Call Number: HB71 .B435 2009 (Library West) ISBN: 9780226041018.TheUniversityofChicagoPress,373p.$29.00 Publication Date: 2009 On December 5, 2004, the still-developing blogosphere took one of its biggest steps toward mainstream credibility, as Nobel Prize - winning economist Gary S. Becker and renowned jurist and legal scholar Richard A. Posner announced the formation of the Becker-Posner Blog. In no time at all, the blog had established a wide readership and reputation as a reliable source of lively, thought-provoking commentary on current events, its pithy and profound weekly essays highlighting the value of economic reasoning when applied to unexpected topics. "Uncommon Sense" gathers the most important and innovative entries from the blog, arranged by topic, along with updates and even reconsiderations when subsequent events have shed new light on a question. Whether it's Posner making the economic case for the legalization of gay marriage, Becker arguing in favor of the sale of human organs for transplant, or even the pair of scholars vigorously disagreeing about the utility of collective punishment with reference to Israel's battles with Hezbollah and Hamas, the writing is always clear, the interplay energetic, and the resulting discussion deeply informed and intellectually substantial. To have a single thinker of the stature of Becker or Posner addressing questions of this nature would make for fascinating reading; to have both, writing and responding to each other, is an exceptionally rare treat. With "Uncommon Sense", they invite the adventurous reader to join them on a whirlwind intellectual journey. All they ask is that you leave your preconceptions behind. Call Number: HB172.5 .H358 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9781594631405. Riverhead, 245 p., $27.95 Publication Date: 2014 A provocative and lively exploration of the increasingly important world of macroeconomics, by the author of the bestselling The Undercover Economist. Thanks to the worldwide financial upheaval, economics is no longer a topic we can ignore. From politicians to hedge-fund managers to middle-class IRA holders, everyone must pay attention to how and why the global economy works the way it does. Enter Financial Times columnist and bestselling author Tim Harford. In this new book that demystifies macroeconomics, Harford strips away the spin, the hype, and the jargon to reveal the truth about how the world’s economy actually works. With the wit of a raconteur and the clear grasp of an expert, Harford explains what’s really happening beyond today’s headlines, why all of us should care, and what we can do about it to understand it better. ISBN: 9780691135847.PrincetonUniversityPress,280p.$39.50 Publication Date: 2010 In this landmark work of economic sociology, Lucien Karpik introduces the theory and practical tools needed to analyze markets for singularities. Singularities are goods and services that cannot be studied by standard methods because they are multidimensional, incommensurable, and of uncertain quality. Examples include movies, novels, music, artwork, fine wine, lawyers, and doctors. Valuing the Unique provides a theoretical framework to explain this important class of products and markets that for so long have eluded neoclassical economics. With this innovative theory--called the economics of singularities--Karpik shows that, because of the uncertainty and the highly subjective valuation of singularities, these markets are necessarily equipped with what he calls "judgment devices"--such as labels, brands, guides, critics, and rankings--which provide consumers with the credible knowledge needed to make reasonable choices. He explains why these markets are characterized by the primacy of competition by qualities over competition by prices, and he identifies the conditions under which singularities are constructed or are in danger of losing their uniqueness. Call Number: HG230.3 .W49 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780262027342. 359 p., M.I.T Press, $27.95 Publication Date: 2014 Since 2008, economic policymakers and researchers have occupied a brave new economicworld. Previous consensuses have been upended, former assumptions have been cast into doubt, and newapproaches have yet to stand the test of time. Policymakers have been forced to improvise andresearchers to rethink basic theory. George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate and one of this volume'seditors, compares the crisis to a cat stuck in a tree, afraid to move. In April 2013, theInternational Monetary Fund brought together leading economists and economic policymakers to discussthe slowly emerging contours of the macroeconomic future. This book offers their combined insights.The editors and contributors--who include the Nobel Laureate and bestselling author Joseph Stiglitz,Federal Reserve Vice Chair Janet Yellen, and the former Governor of the Bank of Israel StanleyFischer--consider the lessons learned from the crisis and its aftermath. They discuss, among otherthings, post-crisis questions about the traditional policy focus on inflation; macroprudential tools(which focus on the stability of the entire financial system rather than of individual firms) andtheir effectiveness; fiscal stimulus, public debt, and fiscal consolidation; and exchange ratearrangements. Call Number: HC59.3 .W47 2011 (Library West) ISBN: 9780300170313.YaleUniversityPress, 332p.$30.00 Publication Date: 2011 The world spins in economic turmoil, and who can tell what will happen next? Cold numbers and simple statistical projections don't take into account social, financial, or political factors that can dramatically alter the economic course of a nation or a region. In this unique book, more than twenty leading economists and experts render thorough, rigorously researched prognoses for the world's major economies over the next five years. Factoring in such varied issues as the price of oil, the strength of the U.S. dollar, geopolitics, tax policies, and new developments in investment decision making, the contributors ground their predictions in the realities of current events, political conditions, and the health of financial institutions in each national economy. The most comprehensive volume on the global economy available today, this book presents up-to-date research on Russia, Australia, Europe, sub-Saharan and South Africa, the major Asian economies, North America, and the largest economies of Latin America. With unsurpassed expertise, the authors explain what's going on in individual countries, how important current global issues will impact them, and what economic scenarios they most likely will face in upcoming years. Call Number: HB171 .W43 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9781907994043. London Publishing Partnership, 197 p., $27.99 Publication Date: 2012 With the financial crisis continuing after five years, people are questioning why economics failed either to send an adequate early warning ahead of the crisis or to resolve it quickly. The gap between important real-world problems and the workhorse mathematical model-based economics being taught to students has become a chasm. This book examines what economists need to bring to their jobs, and the way in which education in universities could be improved to fit graduates better for the real world. Call Number: HJ8101.J64 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780307906960. Pantheon, 352 p., $26.95 Publication Date: 2012 America is mired in debt-more than $30,000 for every man, woman, and child. Bitter fighting over deficits, taxes, and spending bedevils Washington, D.C., even as partisan gridlock has brought the government to the brink of default. Yet the more politicians on both sides of the aisle rant and the citizenry fumes, the more things seem to remain the same. InWhite House Burning,Simon Johnson and James Kwak-authors of the national best seller13 Bankersand cofounders ofThe Baseline Scenario,a widely cited blog on economics and public policy-demystify the national debt, explaining whence it came and, even more important, what it means to you and to future generations. They tell the story of the Founding Fathers’ divisive struggles over taxes and spending. They chart the rise of the almighty dollar, which makes it easy for the United States to borrow money. They account for the debasement of our political system in the 1980s and 1990s, which produced today’s dysfunctional and impotent Congress. And they show how, if we persist on our current course, the national debt will harm ordinary Americans by reducing the number of jobs, lowering living standards, increasing inequality, and forcing a sudden and drastic reduction in the government services we now take for granted. But Johnson and Kwak also provide a clear and compelling vision for how our debt crisis can be solved while strengthening our economy and preserving the essential functions of government. They debunk the myth that such crucial programs as Social Security and Medicare must be slashed to the bone.White House Burninglooks squarely at the burgeoning national debt and proposes to defuse its threat to our well-being without forcing struggling middle-class families and the elderly into poverty. Carefully researched and informed by the same compelling storytelling and lucid analysis as13 Bankers, White House Burningis an invaluable guide to the central political and economic issue of our time. It is certain to provoke vigorous debate. Call Number: HC59.7 .E22 2006 (Library West) ISBN: 1594200378.PenguinPress,436p.$27.95 Publication Date: 2006 In his previous book, The Elusive Quest for Growth, William Easterly criticized the utter ineffectiveness of Western organizations to mitigate global poverty, and he was promptly fired by his then-employer, the World Bank. The White Man's Burden is his widely anticipated counterpunch—a brilliant and blistering indictment of the West's economic policies for the world's poor. Sometimes angry, sometimes irreverent, but always clear-eyed and rigorous, Easterly argues that we in the West need to face our own history of ineptitude and draw the proper conclusions, especially at a time when the question of our ability to transplant Western institutions has become one of the most pressing issues we face. Call Number: HB501 |b .M45 2012eb e-book (MyiLibrary) ISBN: 9780199859573.OxfordUniversityPress,154p.,$21.95 Publication Date: 2012 A review of the headlines of the past decade seems to show that disasters are often part of capitalist systems: the high-tech bubble, the Enron fraud, the Madoff Ponzi scheme, the great housing bubble, massive lay-offs, and a widening income gap. Disenchantment with the market economy hasreached the point that many even question capitalism itself. Allan H. Meltzer disagrees, passionately and persuasively. Drawing on deep expertise as a financial historian and authority on economic theory, he provides a resounding answer to the question, "why capitalism?" Only capitalism, he writes, maximizes both growth and individual freedom. Unlikesocialism, capitalism is adaptive, not rigid - private ownership of the means of production flourishes wherever it takes root, regardless of culture. Laws intended to tamper with its fundamental dynamics, such as those that redistribute wealth, fail. European countries boasting extensive welfareprograms have not surpassed the more market-oriented United States. Capitalism does require a strong legal framework, Meltzer writes, and it does not solve all problems efficiently. But he finds that its problems stem from universal human weaknesses - such as dishonesty, venality, and expediency -which are not specific to capitalism. Along the way, he systematically analyzes the role of government, positing that regulations are static, but markets are dynamic, usually seeking ways to skirt the rules. Regulation is socially useful if it brings private costs into line with social costs (forexample, the cost of taxes to hire policemen compared to that of the impact of rampant crime); if it doesn't, regulation simply invites circumvention. Vigorously argued, sweeping in scope, Why Capitalism? reminds us of the fundamental vitality of the one economic system that has survived every challenge, and risen to dominate the globe. Call Number: HQ1381 .E89 2014 (Library West) ISBN: 9780691121734. Princeton University Press, 392 p., $45.00 Publication Date: 2014 Gender matters in economics—for even with today’s technology, fertility choices, market opportunities, and improved social norms, economic outcomes for women remain markedly worse than for men. Drawing on insights from feminism, postmodernism, psychology, evolutionary biology, Marxism, and politics, this textbook provides a rigorous economic look at issues confronting women throughout the world—including nonmarket scenarios, such as marriage, family, fertility choice, and bargaining within households, as well as market areas, like those pertaining to labor and credit markets and globalization. Mukesh Eswaran examines how women’s behavioral responses in economic situations and their bargaining power within the household differ from those of men. Eswaran then delves into the far-reaching consequences of these differences in both market and nonmarket domains. The author considers how women may be discriminated against in labor and credit markets, how their family and market circumstances interact, and how globalization has influenced their lives. Eswaran also investigates how women have been empowered through access to education, credit, healthcare, and birth control; changes in ownership laws; the acquisition of suffrage; and political representation. Throughout, Eswaran applies sound economic analysis and new modeling approaches, and each chapter concludes with exercises and discussion questions. This textbook gives readers the necessary tools for thinking about gender from an economic perspective. Addresses economic issues for women throughout the world, in both developed and developing countries Looks at both market and nonmarket domains Requires only a background in basic economic principles Includes the most recent research on the economics of gender in a range of areas Concludes each chapter with exercises and discussion questions Call Number: HF1359 .W6534 2004 (Library West) ISBN: 0300102526.YaleUniversityPress,398p. Publication Date: 2004 The debate on globalization has reached a level of intensity that inhibits comprehension and obscures the issues. In this book a highly distinguished international economist scrupulously explains how globalization works as a concept and how it operates in reality. Martin Wolf confronts the charges against globalization, delivers a devastating critique of each, and offers a realistic scenario for economic internationalism in the future. Wolf begins by outlining the history of the global economy in the twentieth century and explaining the mechanics of world trade. He dissects the agenda of globalization's critics, and rebuts the arguments that it undermines sovereignty, weakens democracy, intensifies inequality, privileges the multi-national corporation, and devastates the environment. The author persuasively defends the principles of international economic integration, arguing that the biggest obstacle to global economic progress has been the failure not of the market, but of politics and government, in rich countries as well as poor. He examines the threat that terrorism poses and maps the way to a global market economy that can work for everyone. Call Number: HB74.P65A28 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9780307719218.CrownBusiness,529p.,$30.00 Publication Date: 2012 Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine? Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are? Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence? Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including: - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West? - Are America's best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority? - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson's breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions? Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at-and understand-the world. Call Number: HN89.S6 H33 2010 (Library West) ISBN: 9781416588696.SimonandSchuster,357p. Publication Date: 2010 A groundbreaking work that identifies the real culprit behind one of the great economic crimes of our time— the growing inequality of incomes between the vast majority of Americans and the richest of the rich. Why do the “have it- alls” have so much more? And how have they managed to restructure the economy to reap the lion’s share of the gains and shift the costs of their new economic playground downward, tearing new holes in the safety net and saddling all of us with increased debt and risk? In their lively and provocative Winner-Take-All Politics, renowned political scientists Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson demonstrate convincingly that the usual suspects—foreign trade and financial globalization, technological changes in the workplace, increased education at the top—are largely innocent of the charges against them. Instead, they indict an unlikely suspect and take us on an entertaining tour of the mountain of evidence against the culprit. The guilty party is American politics. Runaway inequality and the present economic crisis reflect what government has done to aid the rich and what it has not done to safeguard the interests of the middle class. The winner-take-all economy is primarily a result of winner-take-all politics. In an innovative historical departure, Hacker and Pierson trace the rise of the winner-take-all economy back to the late 1970s when, under a Democratic president and a Democratic Congress, a major transformation of American politics occurred. With big business and conservative ideologues organizing themselves to undo the regulations and progressive tax policies that had helped ensure a fair distribution of economic rewards, deregulation got under way, taxes were cut for the wealthiest, and business decisively defeated labor in Washington. And this transformation continued under Reagan and the Bushes as well as under Clinton. Hacker and Pierson’s gripping narration of the epic battles waged during President Obama’s first two years in office reveals an unpleasant but catalyzing truth: winner-take-all politics, while under challenge, is still very much with us. Winner-Take-All Politics shows how a political system that traditionally has been responsive to the interests of the middle class has been hijacked by the superrich. It not only changes how we think about American politics, but also points the way to rebuilding a democracy that serves the interests of the many rather than just those of the wealthy few. Call Number: HB3717 1929 .K55 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780520275850.40thanniversaryedition,UniversityofCaliforniaPress,336p.,$29.95 Publication Date: 2013 In this magisterial account of the Great Depression, MIT economist Charles Kindleberger emphasizes three factors that continue to shape global financial markets: panic, the power of contagion, and importance of hegemony. Reissued on its fortieth anniversary with a new foreword by Barry J. Eichengreen and J. Bradford DeLong, this masterpiece of economic history shows why U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers, during the darkest hours of the 2008 global financial crisis, turned to Kindleberger and his peers for guidance. Call Number: HB135 .M667 2012 (Library West) ISBN: 9781107002975.CambridgeUniversityPress,421p.,$39.99 Publication Date: 2012 During the last two centuries, the way economic science is done has changed radically: it has become a social science based on mathematical models in place of words. This book describes and analyses that change – both historically and philosophically – using a series of case studies to illuminate the nature and the implications of these changes. It is not a technical book; it is written for the intelligent person who wants to understand how economics works from the inside out. This book will be of interest to economists and science studies scholars (historians, sociologists and philosophers of science). But it also aims at a wider readership in the public intellectual sphere, building on the current interest in all things economic and on the recent failure of the so-called economic model, which has shaped our beliefs and the world we live in. Call Number: HB76 .H4 1986 (Library West) ISBN: 067163318X.6thedition,Simon&Schuster,365p.$14.00 Publication Date: 1992 Hailed by John Kenneth Galbraith almost a half century ago as a "brilliant achievement, The Worldly Philosophers with more than 2 million copies sold, not only enables us to see more deeply into our history, but helps us to better understand our own times. Heilbroner provides the new theme that connects thinkers as different as Adam Smith and Karl Marx: the desire to understand how a capitalist society works. It is a focus never more needed than in this age of confusing economic headlines. In a bold new last chapter titled "The End of the Worldly Philosophy?" Heilbroner reminds us that the word "end" refers both to the purpose and the limits of economics. This chapter conveys a concern that today's increasingly "scientific" economics may overlook fundamental social and political issues that are central to economics. Thus, unlike its predecessors, this new edition provides not just an indispensable illumination of our past, but a call to action for our future. Call Number: HB3722 .G76 2013 (Library West) ISBN: 9780199322190. Oxford University Press, 266 p., $27.95 Publication Date: 2013 During the last several years, the world has been rocked by two major economic crises: the US subprime meltdown and the European sovereign debt crisis. Neither of these episodes happened purely by accident. Rather, like many economic disasters, they were the result of poor policy choices. In WRONG: Nine Economic Policy Disasters and What We Can Learn from Them, Richard Grossman examines nine of history's worst economic policy blunders of the last 250 years in order to learn why these policies were adopted and how they went so wrong. Considering events as diverse as trade policy in the 18th century, famine relief policy in the 19th century, post-war reconstruction in the 20th century, and the subprime and sovereign debt crises in the 21st century, WRONG presents detailed post-mortem analyses of some of the world's most severe economic policy failures. Where do bad economic policies come from? The most glaring errors have been made when policy makers have been guided by ideology rather than cold, hard analysis. Presented clearly and jargon-free, Grossman's WRONG provides a valuable guide book for policy makers... and the citizens who elect them.

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What degree does a US law school graduate get?

Law School Basics | DiscoverLaw.org Law School Basics Law School Basics What’s a JD degree? The Juris Doctor (JD) degree is the graduate degree required to practice law in the United States. The JD degree is offered by American Bar Association (ABA)-approved law schools, by law schools that are not ABA-approved, and by many Canadian law schools. A bachelor’s degree is required for admission into a JD program. The LSAT is an integral part of the law school admission process in the United States, Canada, and a growing number of other countries. The JD program is generally a three-year, full-time academic program. All US states accept graduation from an ABA-approved law school as meeting that state’s education requirement for eligibility to sit for the bar examination. How long does it take to get a law degree? To find alternatives to the usual three-year program, talk to the individual law school. Earning your law degree is worth the time and effort. Check the LSAC Official Guide to ABA-Approved Law Schools for more information about specific programs at individual schools. What is law school like? The best way to find out what law school is like is to speak with people who are in law school, who have recently graduated, or who are practicing law. Many law school websites have multimedia tours and presentations that are the next best thing to visiting the campus. You can also find real stories from law school students on this website. Do students choose majors in law school? Though all law schools share a core curriculum, some law schools may offer specialized courses. While there are some specialty focus areas such as patent law and taxation that students can choose, most law students choose to take a wide variety of courses to maximize their career options after law school. (However, if you know that you want to specialize in a specific area of law after graduation, you should choose a law school that offers electives in that specialty.) A number of law schools have dual-degree programs that can enhance your career opportunities even more.

JD

On December 14, 1972, Eugene Cernan became the last man to do what, when he followed Harrison Schmitt into the ALM?

Is Law School Worth The Money - Business Insider jerekeys via www.flickr.com Business Insider has been in touch with a 28-year-old lawyer who has deep regrets about his decision to go to law school. He agreed to answer questions about the burdens of law school debt, and about what he'd do differently if he could. This law school graduate's answers are sobering. He attended a school that's one of the top 20 in the country, according to U.S. News and World Report, and yet he struggled to find decent work. He believes his law school tricked him into thinking he'd easily find a prestigious job after graduation. "I consider law school a waste of my life and an extraordinary waste of money. I feel like I was duped and tricked," he says. "At the end of the day, it's my own fault for being a sucker and I learned an extremely hard lesson." These days, he makes $45,000 and has $200,000 in education debt. He lives with his parents in Virginia, doesn't have a car, and doesn't even date. In his free time, he does contract work to try to pay down his debt. We've published all of his answers, which include insights into when law school might actually be a viable option. He asked that we not use his real name. Why did you decide to go to law school? Because I wanted to be a lawyer. I also wanted greater career opportunities than my BA offered me. I believed the legal education industry's sales pitch circa 2007-08 that lawyers will always be in demand and that bankruptcy will be a hot practice area when the economy is poor. What kind of job were you hoping to get? Optimal outcome would have been an associate position with a large firm making $160,000. I knew I only had a 20% chance of landing that position, so I thought a realistic outcome was at a mid-sized firm making less than the large law firm salary but still a respectable amount. What kind of job did you end up getting? I kicked around miserable small law firms for two years. My first job was at a small law firm where the owner ran through associates like tissue paper. He stole from paychecks, screamed, yelled, etc. I quit after a short while. In my next job, I worked for another small firm but this time I had to start as an "intern" even though I was a fully licensed attorney. This meant I had to work for free for three months. I did it in the hopes that this would lead to a decently paid associate position. After three months, my boss offered me $1,000 per month. I was desperate so I did it. I have a top-20 law degree and I was making the equivalent of a $12,000/year salary. McDonald's managers — nay, workers — were my economic superiors by a long stretch. After 3 months getting paid $1,000/month, I got a raise to the paltry sum of $2,000. It was insulting considering the boss hired several other attorneys and paid them peanuts as well. There's such an enormous oversupply of law school graduates so he was and is able to continue this practice. Eventually I moved onto another law firm where I am now. I don't get much responsibility and there's no upward mobility potential at my current job, but I'm happy just to have an office to myself, a boss who isn't insane, health care, and some vacation time (!). I had all of these things before I foolishly went to law school. Roughly how much do you make? $45,000 but I'm $200,000 in debt from law school so 15% of my income goes to paying my law school loans through my income-based repayment plan. Do you enjoy it at all? Occasionally, but if I had to go back and do it again, I wouldn't do it. I don't feel suicidal and desperate at my job anymore but it's still not a great position. Do you think your law school misled you about your job prospects? How? Unquestionably. My law school offered job statistics that were materially misleading and they knew it. The job statistics offered by law schools are carefully designed to induce new students to take out a life-destroying amount of debt that is, by law, non-dischargeable in bankruptcy in all but the most dire circumstances. It's pretty easy to hop on the Internet Wayback Machine and see what law schools do. They told me the median starting salary of graduates was $160,000 and some absurd percentage — like 90%+ ± of graduates were employed within 9 months of graduation. This reasonably led me to believe that even if I wasn't going to be in the top of my class and make $160,000, surely the jobs in the tier below the top big firm jobs would pay a living wage. Never in my worst nightmares did I think I'd find myself with $200,000 in debt, making less than $50,000, struggling to find job openings and to move on in my career. Law schools know exactly what they're doing and survey a small percentage of graduating classes to concoct these job and salary numbers. Because there's been a large outcry of criticism against this practice, the schools have begun to offer slightly more factual job and salary data. Law school is called an "investment," but you couldn't get away with the sales pitches that law schools use to induce new students to give them loan money, which is all they are interested in. I cannot sell an investment and lead investors to believe that the median investor makes a big 89% return. I cannot crow about all the opportunities this investment will offer when it offers nothing to 70-80% of investors. This would be a materially misleading statement and actionable. Law schools, however, operate by a different code and they want prospective students to believe a prosperous career awaits. For the majority of students, they have to struggle to put food on the table. Law school leaves many graduates in a far worse position than they started with. How much is your monthly student loan payment? My loan payment would be about $1,900 if I was on a plan to pay off the loans in about 10 years. However, because my income is so low, I'm on an income-based repayment (IBR) plan that reduces my payment to about $400 per month. With the IBR plan, I pay a lot less but the cut that the loan company takes is a percentage - 15% of discretionary income (amount by which adjusted gross income exceeds the poverty line). So if I ever make a decent wage (which I highly doubt at this juncture), the interest will have piled up on my loans and the loan provider will still get 15% so they'll make a nice profit. With the IBR plan, my debt is discharged after 25 years but at the end of 25 years, the amount my debt that is "forgiven" by the government will be a taxable gift. So I could be looking at a six-figure tax bill when I'm in my 50s. I believe this tax bill is dischargeable bankruptcy so I'm preparing for the not-unlikely possibility that I'll be forced to declare bankruptcy in late-middle age due to my legal education. Is it hard to get by? What kind of sacrifices have you had to make? Yes, it's extremely hard to get by. I can't afford rent or a car and can barely afford food. Anything extra like enjoying myself with friends, going to a movie, traveling, etc. — that's all out the window for the foreseeable future and possibly for the rest of my life thanks to law school. I live with my parents. I don't have a car. I don't go out to socialize. I don't date. I don't buy new clothes. I don't buy electronics. I don't buy much of anything. I spend my free time working other jobs to put more money toward my debt. I do contract work for other lawyers, but the pay is very low and payment is sporadic. What kind of advice would you have for somebody who's applying to law school? If you absolutely must go to law school even given the barrage of negative economic data about the legal industry and law school grads, there are only three reasons to go to law school: (1) the law school you were accepted to is named Harvard, Yale, or Stanford; (2) you got a full or very nearly-full scholarship; or (3) you have a family member or close friend who can 100% guarantee you a secure lawyer position. If you go to law school on scholarship, it will likely be contingent on GPA and law schools (are rumored to) put scholarship students in the same section, which is graded on a curve, meaning only 20–30% of scholarship students keep their scholarships. When law grads lose their scholarships, they often stay and law schools know this because the individuals who run them are students of human behavior. Law grads who lost their scholarships feel "pot committed," to use a poker term, because they put in all the work to take the LSAT, to move to the law school, make new friends, etc. If you lost your scholarship, my advice would be to drop out immediately and don't look back. They just want your money. If you don't have a great 2L summer associate position lined up (and you won't if you lost your scholarship), your law degree is going to be essentially worthless and you'll struggle to get any type of job. Some other advice: (a) Law degrees are not portable. Employers will wonder why you're not making "big bucks" as a lawyer. Shockingly, the atrocious legal employment market is not a fact understood by the general public. Employers may also believe you're a loser because you were part of the 80% not in the top 20% who could not get a large law firm job. In addition, legal education does not give you many (if any) practical skills that are marketable to employers. (b) Work for a law firm for at least a year before going to law school and see if it's something you want to do. Many lawyers, even middle-aged lawyers, are broke, depressed, desperate, and have substance abuse problems. (c) Law schools will lie to you. Do not believe a word that comes from law schools, law deans, or law professors. They are salesmen and they want you to hand them $200,000 in non-dischargeable law school loans. That's all they are interested in. They will tell you about a glorious career that awaits you. They will tell you lawyers are in demand and new technology will open the gates for prosperous new practice areas (3d printing, drones, etc.). It's all a bunch of hogwash. They will tell you that society needs lawyers and tell you stories about saving the poor and doing public interest work. This is also hogwash. Because public interest jobs are eligible for a 10-year government repayment plan, the jobs have become intensely competitive - as have JAG jobs [jobs in the Army]. You will compete against students from top 5 schools for these jobs and unless you go to a top 5 school, it's going to be difficult to land these jobs. The main point to take away is to appreciate the reality that law schools are trying to sell you a product (the law degree). Law degrees are not in demand in the market so they're trying new tricks to lure in more consumers. Be wary and use your common sense. (d) Talk to practicing lawyers by themselves (not around their employer or other lawyers) about legal practice. Ask them if they would do it again if they had the chance. Don't just speak with large firm lawyers. Talk with solo practitioners, personal injury lawyers, consumer bankruptcy lawyers, etc. Ask them if they enjoy being lawyers and if they would recommend that their child goes to law school. (e) There is an enormous oversupply of JDs in the United States. Low-paying jobs routinely receive hundreds of resumes from desperate law school grads. Why would you want to join the herd? (f) The demand for legal services is being decimated by a variety of factors: outsourcing projects like document review overseas to India, the proliferation of do-it-yourself legal services like LegalZoom which has killed demand for wills, business formation, and other tasks that was the bread and butter of small firms, technology like predictive coding is replacing the need for large armies of new lawyers, the huge oversupply of law grads, the wide availability of free information on the Internet means many people would rather do things themselves than pay a lawyer, the non-enforcement of unauthorized practice of law by bar associations means there are companies like LegalZoom and its ilk going around offering what is essentially legal services but they're not lawyers or licensed in a jurisdiction which negatively impacts demand for licensed attorneys, and legislation like tort reform and medical malpractice reform efforts is making many types of lawsuits unprofitable and uneconomical which is also decimating many small firms. And on top of all this, the economy continues to be awful regardless of what recent job reports state (dig into the numbers and see how many new jobs were "breadwinner" jobs, for example), which reduces the ability of many individuals to pay lawyers. The public simply isn't buying what lawyers are selling for the most part. (g) Law schools hire their own graduates for paltry wages in temporary jobs and include these poor people as part of their "percentage employed nine months after graduation" stats. They do it to induce a new crop of students to come to their law school so they can get their loan money, which as I've stated is all the law schools are interested in. (h) The law school is friendly while you're applying and asking questions but will become hostile after the second year. They know they've got you and they could not care less what happens to you. When you first start law school, they will set up lunches with affluent attorneys but by your third year, the law school will invite you to events with small time lawyers talking about how they started a law firm by themselves with no money and survived. The whole process is expertly crafted from beginning to end and it's not a mistake. They want you to have a small glimmer of hope when you get your degree but they could care less what happens to you after your final loan payment clears the bank. (i) Even if you "win" the law school game and get a job at a large firm, it's a job most people find miserable and the turnover rate is absurd - commonly 80% after five years. If this is the pot of gold at the end of the law school rainbow, why would you want to subject yourself to this? (j) You may think that law grads for whom law school didn't work out are just bitter and angry, but keep in mind that law grads do not have an economic interest in your attendance at law school. The law school always does. Keep this in mind and don't forget it. Your loan money pays for the law school professor's BMW. I think most people are hapless fools to attend law school today, except in extremely narrow circumstances. If you're ambitious, you should study to enter an industry that's growing like technology or oil and gas. If you got an undergraduate degree that wasn't yielding great economic benefits, don't go to law school by default. Law schools know a lot of recent college grads aren't happy about their job options and market themselves as a degree program that will get them on the fast track to the downtown high-rise corner office. Obviously, it's utterly untrue. Other than explicitly for-profit degree mills, there are very few other educational programs in America that take ambitious, smart 20-somethings and turn out distressed, indebted graduates whose lives will be destroyed by debt. If you go to law school, it's not a remote possibility that you'll end up back with your parents, in huge debt, desperately searching for work, and angry at yourself for wearing horse blinders and ignoring this information. Did you think you'd end up making more money since you went to a top 20 school? Yes, absolutely. The hype out there is that these degrees are in demand and valued by law firm employers. That's true to a certain extent but if you're part of the 80% not in the top 20%, your top law school degree is no better than the 75th ranked school where you could have got a full ride. My law degree has no power in the marketplace because I did not graduate near the top of the class. My recommendation would be to drop out immediately if you're not in the top quartile after the first semester. Don't wait until the second semester to rectify any B- grades. You need to get out and get a new life plan or else you'll likely end up like me. If you hadn't gone to law school, what career path would you have pursued? Hard to say at this point, but I probably would have explored technology more. I think getting a computer science undergrad or even community college degree leads to a more positive economic outcome than law school the vast majority of the time. Is there any aspect of the law school bubble that you think is inaccurately portrayed in the media? I think the percentage of graduates that are employed is not a statistic that the media should myopically focus on. It's more important to know the salary of these jobs. Debt-to-salary ratio would be a great metric to understand. Also, I think law schools are under a moral duty to report what percentage of their graduates are on public interest payment plans or income-based repayment plans. Law schools can easily survey ALL of their students but they don't because they know the picture will be ugly and won't help lure new students to hand them loan money. Law schools have their graduates' contact information and you can be sure, they will hunt them down like Hellhounds if the loans go unpaid. The media reports about the percentage of law grads who are employed but this is a pointless statistic if grads are landing jobs like my $1,000/month job, free internships where licensed attorneys have to essentially pay to work, or low-paid jobs where the law school hires its own grads. Also, bar passage rate is another meaningless statistic if the grad doesn't have a job. Law school does not teach its graduates how to practice law and they need to be trained by experienced attorneys after graduation so just having a bar license is meaningless to a new graduate. Did you enjoy the law school experience, in spite of the debt you incurred? There were fleeting moments of enjoyment interspersed between long episodes of sheer agony, stress, dramatics from fellow students, terror, and mostly boredom. Law school is basically a contest that you pay a life-altering amount of money to participate in. Many of the people who are attracted to law school have personality problems and are very antisocial. Don't be surprised if you're subjected to schoolyard bullying tactics by malcontents. I would have enjoyed myself more if I had studied for a Master's or gone for an associate's degree at a community college. I would have also maybe learned practical skills. I consider law school a waste of my life and an extraordinary waste of money. I feel like I was duped and tricked. At the end of the day, it's my own fault for being a sucker and I learned an extremely hard lesson. Because I went to law school, I don't see myself having a family, earning a comfortable wage, or having an enjoyable lifestyle. I wouldn't wish my law school experience on my enemy.

i don't know

MTV's The Real World is still on the air after 26 seasons. What city hosts the current incarnation, whose season finale is tonight?

Puck from The Real World -San Francisco Puck from The Real World -San Francisco Ew, what happened!? reply 600 01/31/2016 Easy. He started out as Puck. What did you think 20+ years was going to add? by C. Thomas Howell I'm shocked. Shocked, I say. No neck tattoos. by C. Thomas Howell Wow! IIRC Colin was the hot one on his season. by C. Thomas Howell reply 7 01/24/2016 How old are you people being so shocked about aging? Puck is 45 and yeah he looks a bit rough but not un-realistic at all. Lot of sun? Mortensen is 36 and he looks fine. Comparing normal people to Hollywood stars who have access to all kinds of beauty treatments is not fair. by C. Thomas Howell reply 8 01/24/2016 R8 = Puck, during downtime between selling meth and driving drunk with little kids in the car by C. Thomas Howell I think Jon Brennan from Season 2 Los Angeles ate him by C. Thomas Howell reply 10 01/24/2016 He looked like a diseased person 25 years ago. There is nothing shocking about this photo. by C. Thomas Howell Judd and Pam from the same season of Real World by C. Thomas Howell You mean people get older? by C. Thomas Howell Jon has far too many chins for one person. by C. Thomas Howell reply 15 01/24/2016 The people who keep saying that Puck "just got older" clearly have no idea what Puck has been up to in the last 20-odd years. by C. Thomas Howell reply 16 01/24/2016 Puck was probably the first villain of reality TV: homophobic trash who got fired from the show for bullying poor old Pedro. I learned about Pedro's death just as I switched off the VCR after binge watching the whole first season over the weekend. The TV went on and it was a tribute to Pedro. It was beyond shocking. I never got rid of the tapes: I just no way to play them anymore. by C. Thomas Howell reply 19 01/24/2016 OP --- Puck was an unattractive 20 year old (inside and out) and nothing has changed with age. Seriously. He really doesn't look THAT different. Just older. by C. Thomas Howell reply 20 01/24/2016 Can you post before pics of RW cast members? I can remember Puck and Colin (vaguely). I only remember most by their faces, the way they looked on the show. What happened to the southern girl and the guy in the rock band from the first show (I think) in New York City? Anybody know? by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 RW Hawaii's evil gay Justin Deabler (he's on the right) with his husband. He wasn't that cute on the show, but he looks like the really ugly love-child of Cockgobbler Aaron Schock and Neal Patrick Harris of the Harlem Burtka-Harrises. by C. Thomas Howell reply 38 01/24/2016 So many people have one or two decades of hotness. For some it's in high school, for others it's as late as their 40s or 50s. It's rare that someone stays hot their whole life. Puck looks like someone who's lived a hard life. When you look at poor people in their 50s who've mostly worked outdoor jobs and has lots of stress versus white collar workers, the difference is often shocking-- the poor look 10-20 years older. by C. Thomas Howell reply 39 01/24/2016 It's not that Puck has had a hard life, it's that he's an ugly person inside and out. by C. Thomas Howell reply 40 01/24/2016 All these people should come back and do the Challenge. Judd and Pam for The Challenge: Exes. Puck and Pedro for The Challenge: Rivals. by C. Thomas Howell The super has left the model. He's a bear now. reply 45 01/24/2016 Danny Roberts, whom I didn't know until R23 mentioned him, has quite an interesting take on why reality TV quality went downhill fast after his season on the RW: according to him until 2000, the producers were trying to typecast and oppose people to create some drama. After 2000, he says the kids already brought a storyline and a persona and wanted to be typecast upfront since a lifetime career in reality TV started to look like a viable option. by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 Why did Judd shave his head? What does Colin do for a living now? Does he still talk to Amaya or Roofie? by C. Thomas Howell reply 47 01/24/2016 Poor Dan. He looks bloated and miserable in that picture. But at least he has a blog. I found him ( mostly unintentionally) hilarious on his season. Gawd this thread is bring back memories about all of those crazy characters from The Real World ( and Road Rules. Remember that show?). by C. Thomas Howell reply 48 01/24/2016 Danny was, in addition to being incredibly hot, one of the more compelling cast members from the trailing end of when the show was interesting. Forcing people to really look at Don't Ask, Don't Tell may not have been as immediate as seeing AIDS through Pedro's eyes, but I bet it moved us towards the end of the thing quicker than it might otherwise have. [quote]Why did Judd shave his head? I assume that, like so many men before him, his hairline forced it on him. by C. Thomas Howell Did MTV ever try to do an "all-star" season of the Real World? by C. Thomas Howell reply 52 01/24/2016 The closest was the original incarnation of the Challenge. Which was where Sean Duffy and Rachel Campos hooked up. Damn you, Bunim-Murray. by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 [quote]Her arguing with that black girl That black girl's name is Heather B., and she currently hosts a radio show in NYC with TV personality Sway. She put out a few rap singles and music videos after RW New York, and even owned a hair salon for a while. by C. Thomas Howell reply 54 01/24/2016 I'm partial to the season 2 LA cast. Tami made that show, but they covered a lot of topics, including Tami's abortion. by C. Thomas Howell reply 55 01/24/2016 Dan actually looks way better now. That's the manliest he's ever looked. He should go back on the Challenge. by C. Thomas Howell Why did Beth stop doing the Challenges? by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 Speaking of former MTV hosts, Alison Stewart is almost fifty and looks fucking amazing. [quote]Dan actually looks way better now. That's the manliest he's ever looked. He should go back on the Challenge. If he's confident enough to work the whole bear thing, more power to him. I'll take a bear in decent shape to fitfat who owns over a no-longer-twink trying too hard. by C. Thomas Howell reply 58 01/24/2016 There was a guy on TRW Las Vegas who had been on the Fratpad porn site and then videos of him bottoming turned up. Whatever happened to him? (Found link via Google) by C. Thomas Howell reply 59 01/24/2016 I don't remember Dan ever being on The Challenge. Was it way back when Katie, Veronica ( remember their hilarious fight?), Mark, Coral and Julie still did The Challenge? by C. Thomas Howell reply 60 01/24/2016 And so long as we're doing MTV recollections. I had a mad crush on Dan Cortese when I was in high school. by C. Thomas Howell reply 61 01/24/2016 That guy pops up on The Challenge from time to time. He always claims that the guys ostracize him and give him the cold shoulder because of his gay porn past. He's very insecure about it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 62 01/24/2016 Lost all respect for Miami Dan when he passed on that cute, adorkable boyfriend he had for all of a nanosecond. That guy was a keeper... by C. Thomas Howell reply 63 01/24/2016 Fratpad Dustin has been doing Challenges every year. He's been on the last 3. You can watch him on The Challenge: Exes currently for free on the MTV app. He was complaining that because of his gay porn past, he never fits in with the guys. He'll never be "one of the guys" and be in their inner circle. His confessionals were quite sad. by C. Thomas Howell reply 64 01/24/2016 Really, R23? Of all the photos you choose to post and you don't post the one that most belongs on DL? by C. Thomas Howell reply 65 01/24/2016 Speaking of The Challenge, are you guys Team Wes or Team Johnny Bananas? I've always been Team Wes. He plays a very smart game and is always manipulating the others. Bananas is just a douchebag. by C. Thomas Howell reply 66 01/24/2016 Danny looks fine. Eric Nies would look better if he cut his hair and stopped dyeing it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 67 01/24/2016 Where's Eric Nies penis? I remember he showed his nude pics to Julie who was shocked. Maybe she was shocked at how small his dick was. by C. Thomas Howell reply 68 01/24/2016 Norman Korpi from the RW NY look pretty decent, considering he was on the first season with Eric & Julie. by C. Thomas Howell Dunbar is a staunch lefty now. Kind of unexpected for a southern boy. by C. Thomas Howell reply 79 01/24/2016 What happened to gay/wannabe artist Chicago Chris? He was hot...seemed like he had a fucked up life though. by C. Thomas Howell reply 80 01/24/2016 That you think Pedro was a whiny, humorless bitch shows you really weren't paying attention and still don't know anything about AIDS. by C. Thomas Howell reply 81 01/24/2016 If you want a trip down Real World memory lane this blog cover every episode season 1-10 with lots of pictures, I had forgot about so much, like that ugly dog Yoga that they found in season 1. by C. Thomas Howell reply 84 01/24/2016 R83 sounds like the cunt who was picking on the OP in the 'I just want to give up' thread. by C. Thomas Howell reply 85 01/24/2016 No, what Pedro did was get a death sentence and, instead of crawling into a ball, used all of his remaining time to educate and help prevent kids like him from getting the disease. That you only remember the peanut butter incident and think complaining about Puck sticking his disgusting hands into his food was whining or pouting still shows you to be ignorant. by C. Thomas Howell reply 87 01/24/2016 What I remember from Season 1 was the whole... "did it or did it not happen" altercation between Julie and Kevin. I believed Julie. reply 88 01/24/2016 I used to stan for this show. Its gone to shit but remember in its heyday, not everyone wanted to be on reality tv. Danny from New Orleans really resonated with me as a young gay. Chicago (season11), San Fransisco (s3), MIami (s5) and San Diego (s14) were some of the standouts. by C. Thomas Howell reply 89 01/24/2016 [quote]I thought Pedro was a whiny, humorless bitch. Judd and Pam were his self-righteous enablers. I'm agnostic on Judd, but I will respect Pam until the day I die for putting her career on hold to take care of Pedro as he was dying. by C. Thomas Howell reply 90 01/24/2016 God dammit! First of all, use troll-day or whatever: I would never tease or minimize the concerns of someone contemplating suicide. That's a FACT. Secondly, some of you just have to come to grips with the reality that there is a generation of gay men whose lives have been (thankfully) unaffected by HIV/AIDS. I honestly have nothing but admiration for the men and women who watched friends die, coped with their own diagnoses and/or dedicated their lives to educating others. Yes, I'm ignorant about HIV/AIDS because I've never known anyone with either (or at least nobody has admitted it). Like I said, when the 3rd season ran I was 12. I was also growing up in the Midwest and didn't yet identify as gay. I never made any judgments on Pedro regarding his disease...I just remember being sad that someone so young was dying from a terminal disease. I also didn't fully grasp the weight of his advocacy regarding HIV prevention (again, I was years away from being sexually active and still identified as being straight). Calling Pedro a whiny bitch might be unfair, but I was just trying to convey what I thought of him when the show aired. I haven't revisited The Real World, and if I did I'd focus on my favorite seasons (Los Angeles, Miami and Seattle). Maybe the work of HIV/AIDS activists has had a weird effect on my generation. We know we don't want to get sick, but of we do its been pounded into our heads that we can still have productive lives. That's probably why I was so glib in referring to Pedro's "sob story." by C. Thomas Howell I have never seen a single episode of Real World. by C. Thomas Howell reply 93 01/24/2016 Yeah, all that might be true, r92. I'm really sorry that your generation has such a tough time with HIV/AIDS. It's almost as if it killed 80% of your friends. The point was Pedro was a lot more than the peanut butter story AND the show SHOWED IT TO YOU. So, yes, coming away from the show without seeing that Pedro was much more than the peanut butter incident is a failing on your 12-year old self. And not thinking that anyone sticking his hands in your food, let alone a walking disease factory like Puck, is a huge violation doesn't do you any credit either...all HIV/AIDS considerations aside. by C. Thomas Howell reply 94 01/24/2016 R14, at first I chuckled at your point about Judd having an HIV friend, but back in the day people treated it like it was airborne or they'd whisper about it the way people do cancer. by C. Thomas Howell reply 96 01/24/2016 anyone have gossip on Steven Hill from the Real World Las Vegas season about a decade plus ago? by C. Thomas Howell reply 97 01/24/2016 I went to Rutgers with Dan Renzi (Miami season). I think he looks great now. I haven't thought about him since the Miami season. I would get stoned and read his column in the Livingston Medium. He was cute, but way too tall for me. by C. Thomas Howell reply 98 01/24/2016 Wasn't the Miami cast where the weird threesome happened with some crazy chick and some hardcore Republican who called Dan a faggot? by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 No, the threesome was Himbo Mike, big-titted Cuban Melissa, and a third person. Flora, the aforementioned crazy chick, attempted to crawl through the window to get a better look at it. I remember this stuff and don't know where my car keys are half the time. by C. Thomas Howell reply 100 01/24/2016 I think it's Dan's face that looks a bit bloated but his shoulder's look kind of fit. Colin uploaded a digital autobiography. It sounds like he works in the education field and studying for a doctorate degree. by C. Thomas Howell Come On Be My Baby Tonight: by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 The show really started to suck after the Seattle season. BTW, The black guy who slapped the Lyme disease girl because she called him "a homosexual" came out of the closet and announced that he was engaged to be married to a guy on one of the reunion shows a few years ago. by C. Thomas Howell reply 115 01/24/2016 Excuse my imbecility, but what are you supposed to do in a porn theater: keep your hands on the table? by C. Thomas Howell reply 116 01/24/2016 Does anybody remember pocket-size Joe from Miami? More specifically, his Amazonian girlfriend Nicole? Was she a trannie? by C. Thomas Howell reply 117 01/24/2016 "Puck was probably the first villain of reality TV: homophobic trash who got fired from the show for bullying poor old Pedro." Puck wasn't homophobic. If Pedro had been straight they still wouldn't have gotten along. He didn't "bully poor Pedro." He was a slob, he was nasty, but he didn't "bully" anybody. If either one of them had been willing to meet the other halfway, maybe they could have worked out their differences. But neither one would. I remember on one of the shows Pedro's grandfather made breakfast for everyone in the house, including some guests. Pedro declined to attend. Puck was offended by that, as well he should have been. He commented something to the effect that since he (Puck) had dirty hands Pedro must have figured his grandfather would make breakfast with dirty hands. Attending the event might have been the beginning of some mutual understanding between the two roommates but Pedro passed up the opportunity. As I recall, Pedro issued an ultimatum: if Puck were not removed from the house he would "isolate" himself from everybody in it. So they threw Puck out to appease "poor old Pedro." I think Puck was the one who was treated badly. He got REALLY mad about being tossed out to placate Pedro. Who wouldn't have been? Yes, Puck looks "rough" but he still looks better than Judd Winick. He looks REALLY bad. I always found him and his egotistical wife Pam Ling to be unbearable. by C. Thomas Howell Dan Renzi moved back to his hometown in the Midwest. He's a nurse. by C. Thomas Howell reply 124 01/24/2016 R120... David was crazy and hot. I still remember the sound of his voice yelling at Kyra (why do I remember her name) on the pay phone. I think that was the first season where two of the roommates knew each other prior to moving in (David and the other guy were both buddies at... Annapolis?). by C. Thomas Howell reply 125 01/24/2016 This show is a shell of its former self. Back in the day it was fairly groundbreaking. I think the original Chicago and San Fransisco were my favs. by C. Thomas Howell reply 126 01/24/2016 I liked the first season, largely because Julie and Heather B. were hysterical together. Their friendship was unexpected and interesting. I watched semi-regularly from Season 2 up to the New Orleans/Paris/San Diego seasons. I can't remember when I dropped it (maybe Chicago, when 9/11 took place?). But from S2 onward, I was pretty much hate-watching it, and reading the TWOP recaps, which could sometimes be funny. I can remember reading the San Francisco recaps at my desk during lunch, and mo co-workers wondered what I was laughing at. by C. Thomas Howell I think Thomas from Real World San Francisco is the hottest. by C. Thomas Howell reply 135 01/25/2016 R128, in the Another World thread folks are quoting chapter and verse scenes from Bay City circa 1976. I honestly think most DLers are late 40s to mid-50s. by C. Thomas Howell reply 136 01/25/2016 If you think one has to be old in order to discuss a show that began airing in the 90s ( since of course it isn't at all possible that anybody could have started watching the show as preteens and teens) then you aren't very bright. If you are so young that you find such a discussion shocking then I have to assume that you're a pretty pathetic youngster since you're spending your free time on message boards (full of old men) instead of with your peers. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]Kyra (why do I remember her name) Pretty hard to forget him screaming her name over and over again. [quote]I think that was the first season where two of the roommates knew each other prior to moving in (David and the other guy were both buddies at... Annapolis?). VMI reply 142 01/25/2016 [quote]Her arguing with that black girl over rather or not something was racist was one of most hilarious things I watched as a child. And when she was on the toilet and they were filming it. Was that the sunbathing thing? I remember being really irritated because one Real World had a black woman complain that she was invited to go sunbathing because it was racist, and the very next season, a new black female housemember complained because she WASN'T invited to go sunbathing and THAT was racist. Seemed really scripted. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 [quote]Puck wasn't homophobic. Yes, he was. Since Real World he's been arrested for beating his girlfriends on multiple occasions (and did time for it, if I recall), and almost killed his little boy by driving drunk and wrecking the car. He later said that sure, he'd had some JD, but he also had a sandwich with it so what's the big deal? He's trash, and you're trash for defending him. by C. Thomas Howell reply 144 01/25/2016 In a complete career change, he now catches flying hockey pucks and apparently leads with his forehead. by C. Thomas Howell reply 145 01/25/2016 Oprah Winfrey Network - Norman Korpi, Heather B. Gardner and Julie Gentry, return to the New York City loft where the first season of The Real World was filmed by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 [quote]Dunbar is a staunch lefty now. Kind of unexpected for a southern boy. What does he do for a living now? I enjoyed his interracial porn with that big black guy with the giant penis. by C. Thomas Howell R150/R152 I was just about to post 'you're welcome.' by C. Thomas Howell reply 153 01/25/2016 Thanks OP, you make me want to wash my eyes out with peroxide. He was always nasty, skinny and dirty looking in his 20s. And not dirty in a good way either. Hes the kind of roommate that brings home crabs an scabies to the communal sofa. by C. Thomas Howell reply 154 01/25/2016 R83 you left out an important detail. Puck picked his nose first and then stuck his finger in the peanut butter. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 I remember barely watching New Orleans and officially stopped watching with Chicago. Both seasons had two blond cunts who made watching a real chore. Or maybe because I was in my early 20s at that point and had outgrown it. The first season had the most likable cast. Second was fun because they all hated each other. I was bored by San Fran. Loved London and thought it had a pretty likable cast as well. They just had no drama after the craziness of LA and San Fran. Boston bored me. Seattle was ok but between that asian cunt and those two knuckleheads the allure started to fade. Funniest RW moment ever was the suicide call. "Are you kidding me?" Hawaii was pretty decent but I couldn't stand Ruthie or that one guy that dated her twin and cried 99% of the time. I saw Ruthie in WeHo not to long after the premier and she was in front of rage with a drink in hand. So that sobriety was short lived...at least back then. Also hated that dumb bitch with the third eye going on. Ugh! by C. Thomas Howell reply 156 01/25/2016 That's true R155. I think Puck was incredibly insensitive to Pedro, and that's pretty much it. He was being true to his douchie self but I don't think he was purposely being malicious. Pedro wad dying, that was lost on him. He was and is an idiot. by C. Thomas Howell reply 157 01/25/2016 I fondly remember Seattle David participating in some RW/RR challenge - it was a wrestling event and he wore a tight red singlet that showed off his hairy thighs and meaty buns. by C. Thomas Howell reply 158 01/25/2016 R156 "The funniest RW moment was the suicide call" What kind of psycho are you? These are real people. Thats fucked up, even for DL. by C. Thomas Howell Didn't Lindsay lose out to Elizabeth Hasslecunt for the 5th co-host position on The View? by C. Thomas Howell reply 161 01/25/2016 R161, no, that was Rachel Campos-Duffy (San Fran). In fact, Rachel tried out thrice for THE VIEW and always came in second. When Debbie Matenopoulos left after two seasons, it was between her and Lisa Ling, but Ling got it. Then when Ling left, it was between her and Hasslebeck, but Hasselbeck got it. After Hasselbeck left, it was between her and Jenny McCarthy, but McCarthy got it. Clearly, they didn't want her. But it's funny that she spent over a decade vying for the seat and was always denied. haha by C. Thomas Howell reply 162 01/25/2016 Kelly from New Orleans 2000 has been married to Scott Wolf for almost 12 years now and they have 3 kids. by C. Thomas Howell reply 163 01/25/2016 It's not that The View didn't want her, it was because the co-hosts loathed her. Joy and Meredith threatened to quit if they hired her. by C. Thomas Howell Steven Hill was a gorgeous specimen of a man but alas, a douche. by C. Thomas Howell reply 176 01/25/2016 R173 aww, Abe was such a cutie pie, and one of the best looking RWers/RRers. At 18 he was much younger than the others who were 2-5 years older. If I recall, the reason they turned on him was because the black chick Gladys was kicked out. It was obvious she had a crush on Abe and acted all jealous when he was with other girls, putting them down to his face and stuff. Eventually, it came to a head, and she pounded on Abe during an argument. Then Abe requested that she leave the show. Since RW/RR have a no-hit policy, she was let go. The two other girls immediately hated Abe from then on and even tried to encourage the two other guys to shun Abe,. This was the show for the rest of the season, which is partly why Abe became so attached to the Chihuahua, because he was usually ignored or kept out of things. by C. Thomas Howell reply 177 01/25/2016 R 176, he's also at least bi. And huge shooter according to someone who had a fling with him. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 R177, Yeah I remember her getting kicked off but had forgot why. I thought the shunning of Abe was because he acted very immature but again he had just barely turned 18 so what did they expect. I wonder if he ever kept the chihuahua. by C. Thomas Howell reply 179 01/25/2016 Abbe from road rules was blond, and he was the hottest dude they ever had. The ultimate buff, jock twink. by C. Thomas Howell reply 180 01/25/2016 If anyone told me 10 yrs ago that Eric Nies would be a budhist hippy I'd laugh in their face. It's amazing where life can take you. by C. Thomas Howell reply 181 01/25/2016 I think that was a different Abe, r180. That Abe was on David Guintoli's season - and was kicked off b/c he pushed or hit another (male) cast member. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 "Pam and all those like her are heroes." I wouldn't call her a "hero." She and her hubby Judd fed off their dear friend Pedro's corpse for a long time. They were feted and fawned over after this death and enjoyed the free travel and perks they got from being Pedro's friends. Judd Winick's only major success was his graphic novel "Pedro and Me." It proved lucrative, so in other comic book work he prominently featured gay or AIDs oriented themes. But he's not known as being particularly talented and his penchant for characters who are gay and/or have AIDS is just his way of trying to make people think he's a wonderful person. But it's all about money. On one of the early Real World shows Ling stated "I'm an overachiever. I've never failed at anything." And she's humble, too! Winick and Ling both have massive egos, which may be one reason why they became enamored of each other. They love attention. They think they're SO cool. They aren't. by C. Thomas Howell reply 204 01/25/2016 R182 Abe Ingersoll (dark-haired, dark-eyed) was on ROAD RULES: LATIN AMERICA (1999), Abram Boise (blond-blue-eyed) was on ROAD RULES: SOUTH PACIFIC (2003). Abram was kicked out of his season halfway through, because he hit Donell, the big fat guy that did the striptease with David Giuntoli at R141. Cant' say I blame Abram. That Donnell was a nasty bitch who was always goading Abram until he finally snapped. He really had no reason. He just began instigating him from the get-go. My theory was because Abram had the typical blond-blue-eyed looks. reverse racism, if you want to call it. by C. Thomas Howell R176, just on the show? or do you have stories? by C. Thomas Howell reply 206 01/25/2016 I always thought that Frank was the cutest guy on the Las Vegas season. He's the one on the left, and much hotter than Steven Hill (on the right). by C. Thomas Howell reply 207 01/25/2016 I forgot all about Donnell and was confusing him with Darrell who was a hot guy who (I think) also got into it with Abram. by C. Thomas Howell reply 208 01/25/2016 Zach Nichols from the second San Diego season is the hottest RW cast member ever, not to mention being one fine male specimen. He's perfection. by C. Thomas Howell Zach is more than attractive. He's like a Greek statue. by C. Thomas Howell reply 212 01/25/2016 R161 and R162 are both right. Campos made it the furthest, and was in contention for the View multiple times. But Lindsay from Seattle was in the mix, too. They gave her a try out on air at one point. by C. Thomas Howell reply 213 01/25/2016 I couldn't stand the Australian guy (Dom?) and the college guy who was going to become a lawyer, because they were both judgmental and hypocritical. Anyone remember their names, and what season? by C. Thomas Howell reply 214 01/25/2016 Blond Abram Boise became a children's book writer/illustrator. 5 years ago, while promoting his book, he was arrested near my hometown for drunkeness and peeing on a car, and in his jail cell actually pooped in his hand and smeared it all over the walls and was also charged with defacing property. by C. Thomas Howell reply 216 01/25/2016 I think the RW whose personalities most accurately reflected the city it was set in was San Francisco. I jumped the shark after that one. by C. Thomas Howell reply 217 01/25/2016 Coral "I don't wrestle, I beat bitches up!" Smith is a mommy with a cute baby daddy. by C. Thomas Howell reply 218 01/25/2016 R218 Coral and Abram were dating at one point, too. I always thought she was a dyke. by C. Thomas Howell reply 219 01/25/2016 Dom was from Ireland and Aaron didn't become a lawyer but does work in the corporate world. Neither one wants anything to do with the show. Beth S. was on their season and she was able to milk the hell out of that show for years. The cast members used to make good money doing speaking engagements but that tapered off about 15 years ago with the explosion of reality TV. David from Seattle was hygienically challenged and so was David "Come On Be My Baby Tonight", who was busted trying to pick up a hooker. Steven from RW Seattle was arrested for prostitution and eventually came out. Nathan from RW Seattle who was David's roommate at VMI tried for years to break into acting and got a few bit parts but developed a bad drug habit and dropped out of sight. Jay from the London season did eventually come out and was a TV anchor in several markets in the Pacific Northwest. A lot of them hate Bunim-Murray and at one of the reunion shows staged a protest and refused to go on, all they got out of it was tickets to the MTV Movie Awards. They made almost nothing from the show when they were filmed and were furious when they got nothing from syndication and DVD sales (which wasn't much). That being said, the challenges for many of them are their only real source of income. by C. Thomas Howell Julie(t) (RW Nola) seems less intense now and her husband is a handsome doctor . by C. Thomas Howell reply 230 01/25/2016 [quote]He actually pooped in his hand and smeared it all over the walls and was also charged with defacing property. Defecing property then. Eww! reply 231 01/25/2016 I just found out from the article below that David from RW Seattle and CT from RW Paris are cousins. They grew up in pre-gentrification Charlestown in Boston. That makes sense, because they were both the kind of hot working class East Coast guys I've always loved. by C. Thomas Howell R234 how do you mean? by C. Thomas Howell reply 235 01/26/2016 He was easily the most aggressive of any of the Real Worlders in his behavior, which is saying A LOT. He wasn't horrible on his season but on the challenges he really developed into a thug. by C. Thomas Howell reply 236 01/26/2016 IIRC, CT was removed from one of the Challenge shows after he sucker punched a gay kid. by C. Thomas Howell reply 237 01/26/2016 CT bullied Adam during his season of TRW. Adam is the son of one of the Commodores. by C. Thomas Howell reply 238 01/26/2016 Justin and his husband Mark are actually very good people and very good for each other. They met when they were 16, Mark was in the closet and both were unhappy (and Justin obnoxious). After they got together, Justin must have changed, because when I knew them when I was in Brooklyn several years ago, they could not have been nicer as individuals and as a couple. Justin never had a mean or condescending thing to say and was always incredible generous and kind. Take that for what you want, but knowing old Justin only from TV and post-marriage Justin, he's a much better person. by C. Thomas Howell Wasn't there a psychotic gay kid on the second season done in New Orleans? by C. Thomas Howell reply 243 01/26/2016 True, R342, but the point is he's a better person now, which is what I found a nice surprise relative to the show, but once I got to know him he was always kind. Considering the train wrecks from the show, it's nice to see he hasn't turned out the other way around. I should also say I never met Danny Roberts, but once I was with an elderly colleague for dinner (also in NY) and Danny and his friend or BF at the time were complete assholes at the table next to us. I actually heard one of them make a comment loud enough to the effect that I was waiting for him to die (I think it was Danny because his voice was familiar). My colleague was actually ill that day, and when we had to leave dinner to get him home (and the hospital the next day), Danny looked right at us said "ch-ching". If I hadn't been trying to get my colleague to a cab I would've told him what I thought. I'm sure most people would've thought Danny is the nice one and Justin is the jerk, but things turned out the other way, from what I saw. by C. Thomas Howell reply 244 01/26/2016 [quote] Jay from the London season did eventually come out and was a TV anchor in several markets in the Pacific Northwest. That will come as a surprise to his wife. by C. Thomas Howell reply 245 01/26/2016 [quote]He didn't bathe regularly ... and I think Janet or Lindsay said his breath smelled awful. At one point on the show, the blond, Becky< walks into the room and is a good six or so feet away from him and comments on his bad body odor. Now that is just funky. I went to high school with Nathan's fat, needy girlfriend from that season. I also was taking a summer course at a local community college (video production) and one of my classmates was a casting assistant for Bunim-Murray. She wanted me to make an audition tape and said they'd love me (I'd have ended up with the Hawaii cast) but I refused because at that point that show was a joke and no one who had any real dreams of making it was ever going to with that show hanging over their head. by C. Thomas Howell So what plays has he written? by C. Thomas Howell reply 249 01/26/2016 [quote]Coral "I don't wrestle, I beat bitches up!" Smith is a mommy with a cute baby daddy. What? But Coral is a lesbian. I knew girls who went out with her in SF. She always dated Asian girls. by C. Thomas Howell reply 250 01/26/2016 I'm surprised Abram is a children's book author because he is truly psychotic. Not just a little crazy but someone who would hurt you. He's in the current season of The Challenge: Blood Vs. Water with his brother. You could watch it now On Demand or on the MTV app to see his behavior. He went crazy on the After Show too. Thomas said he fears for his life. Cara Marie wants to dump him and run away but can't get away. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 From Jay Frank's Facebook (thanks for the link - reply 245) : "Opening night! Check me out as "your old softie" Burt Healy in ACT's production of "Annie" at Richland High School. It's a memory lane cameo appearance . . . 26 years ago I played Daddy Warbucks as a seventh grader." by C. Thomas Howell reply 252 01/26/2016 Jay is doing high school productions? Is this weird since he doesn't have high school age kids going to the school? The school would just let any old man in their production? by C. Thomas Howell reply 254 01/26/2016 He's still waiting for his big break, apparently. He's got kind of a Tommy Tune-Tony Randall thing going on. I don't know why Broadway hasn't been knocking on his door. It's a shame that he's wasting his massive talent doing High School productions. I still don't understand why those twits in London's theatre district didn't jump at the opportunity to stage "Jay Frank's Bedroom" when he went around, door to door, offering it to them. Their loss. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 I can't believe they're still doing the Challenges. Just end it already! There was a guy from Chicago who was on Days of our Lives for a while. I think his name was Kyle? He had a giant square head, but a good body, and was a total douche in Chicago. But this list of non-douche RW guys is a very, very short one. by C. Thomas Howell reply 256 01/26/2016 [quote]I'm surprised Abram is a children's book author because he is truly psychotic. Not just a little crazy but someone who would hurt you. Don't you ever find the combination of White Trash and Crazy hot? by C. Thomas Howell reply 257 01/26/2016 Any reality TV insiders who know the deal about Danny hooking up with Adam Larson from RR: The Quest? Danny was on WWHL a few years ago and wouldn't name names, but said he'd gotten with a now straight-married guy during the filming of one of the challenges. There were a few other candidates, but it pretty clear he was talking about Adam. by C. Thomas Howell reply 258 01/26/2016 Kyle Brandt. He's a Producer on Jim Rome's radio show now. He gets on air sometimes. I guess his acting career is over. Tonya Cooley, who also was on the Chicago season, sued MTV claiming that she was raped with a toothbrush, while she was passed out, by Kenny and Evan, during one of the challenge seasons. An out of court settlement was reached : by C. Thomas Howell Mix and Coral dated?!? When? They were from the same season. I can't picture them dating. by C. Thomas Howell reply 263 01/26/2016 [quote]didn't jump at the opportunity to stage "Jay Frank's Bedroom" when he went around, door to door, offering it to them. Their loss. Did he really go door to door on The Real World London? What was Bedroom about? by C. Thomas Howell reply 264 01/26/2016 Is Zach Latino? In the latest episode of The Challenge: Blood Vs. Water, Zach came back with his partner CT and had a shaved head. I did not recognize him at all. I thought it was a Mexican guy from a season I haven't watched. That guy's beauty really was all in his hair. by C. Thomas Howell I take it we will be spared Tonya ever being on MTV again. Personally, I think she was lying. by C. Thomas Howell reply 267 01/26/2016 The Miz was just in a movie about saving Christmas with Paige and that girl from 90210. by C. Thomas Howell reply 268 01/26/2016 R264 no, that poster was being ironic, because Jay's castmates used to tease him about being a 'slacker,' because they didn't think he was taking the opportunity of being in London to shop around his plays/ideas. But at R266 pointed out, Jay only had a tourist visa, not a work one, so he couldn't even do volunteer work at a playhouse. He explained this to his roommates. He eventually did put on his one-man show BEDROOM for his roommates in their apartment. by C. Thomas Howell reply 269 01/26/2016 MTV Canada has full episodes of the Real World London. This is the episode where he performs his play for the housemates. It's at around the 15 minute mark. (Sorry if this doesn't work outside of Canada) : by C. Thomas Howell reply 270 01/26/2016 So do Kenny and Evan have to pay the settlement out of their own pockets? I take it they're banned from doing any more Challenges. No wonder I haven't seen them lately. by C. Thomas Howell reply 271 01/26/2016 Mike/Miz and Coral were not in a relationship. Ever. They were in the same season BACK TO NY (where they hated each other) and subsequent CHALLENGEs (where they were friendlier, but nothing more). Coral and Abram were together for a while, though. by C. Thomas Howell Jay does the play in his underwear? Was it a sex play? by C. Thomas Howell reply 273 01/26/2016 I can't believe I remember all of these people and all these details. Do you think the kids today will remember the current Real World cast members as fondly in 10 years? Probably not. They would all be forgotten. I can't even name anyone in the current cast and all their millennial problems just seem stupid and not deep and important like it was in the first seasons. by C. Thomas Howell reply 274 01/26/2016 Heather B has a YouTube channel where she makes some interesting cocktails. She'd be fun to get drunk with. by C. Thomas Howell reply 275 01/26/2016 I see your Heather B channel and raise with C'mon be my baby tonight's (David Broom) YouTube cooking channel : by C. Thomas Howell David from Seattle has a really thick dick. Like beer can sized thick. by C. Thomas Howell reply 279 01/26/2016 Jake Bronstein from ROAD RULES: ISLANDS used to have a blog ten years ago. In one entry he posted a dick pic with the following story: [quote]Let me just begin by saying I could I could build the drama—I could weave this into a fascinating tale, ripe with clever adjectives, ridiculous analogies and unforeseen twists—but that’s what I get paid to do. No body’s paying me for this, so instead I’m just going to lay out the facts as best as I remember them. [quote]Last September FHM sent me to South Padre Island in search of strippers posing as collage girls to enter and win wet t-shirt and hot-body contests. Having never really gone to collage, this was my first spring break experience. It was absolutely bananas. I got there a day before our photo-team so I could find the articles subject. It was easily the craziest day of my life. The place was nuts. Couches on the beach. Fights. Kegs being dragged around. And Girls everywhere. At least ten grabbed me while I was walking by and just started making out. Really, these girls were going wild. But none of them wanted to come back to my room. I was probably the only guy there who wasn’t sharing his room with 10 other dudes, but apparently it wasn’t that kind of party. [quote] At 4 AM I wandered back to my room drunk, horney and, well, drunk. Did I mention horney? I remembered that in my Spring Break Kit (the little box of freebees they leave in room at Radison South Padre) there’d been a bottle of lotion. Without even turning on the lights, I grabbed the lotion, took a towel from the bathroom, undressed, laid down on the bed and took care of business. When I was done I wiped myself off, tossed the towel and passed out. When I woke up in the morning I was wrapped up in the top sheet. Gross. [quote]But there was something else too. It took me a second or two to realize, but my crotch felt itchy, dry and just plain irritated. Even before I untangled myself from the polyester cover, I noticed the bottle: Jergens Soft Shimmer Skin Radiance Moisturizer—that’s right, the crap I’d rubbed so thoroughly into my tender man-bits had gold glitter in. And thus, I had created the world’s first golden penis. PLEASE NOTE: Before you look below, the colors and clarity on this web-site do my little man no justice. Really, it's hard to apreciate the depth of the sparkle. The golden sheen. It really was quite awesome. (If anyone knows the technical reason for the loss in color and clarity, please email me...) [quote]But before you get all excited and coat your own Johnson in sparkly stuff, examine the picture above carefully. Yeah it’s gold, but can you see the undercoat of irritation. Even after showering it itched. I was limping around for at least the next day or so. Unfortunately, the photos are no longer visible, but I did save this one: by C. Thomas Howell reply 280 01/26/2016 Jake Bronstein from ROAD RULES: ISLANDS (1997) used to have a blog ten years ago. In one entry, he posted a dick pic with the following story: *** Let me just begin by saying I could I could build the drama—I could weave this into a fascinating tale, ripe with clever adjectives, ridiculous analogies and unforeseen twists—but that’s what I get paid to do. No body’s paying me for this, so instead I’m just going to lay out the facts as best as I remember them. Last September FHM sent me to South Padre Island in search of strippers posing as collage girls to enter and win wet t-shirt and hot-body contests. Having never really gone to collage, this was my first spring break experience. It was absolutely bananas. I got there a day before our photo-team so I could find the articles subject. It was easily the craziest day of my life. The place was nuts. Couches on the beach. Fights. Kegs being dragged around. And Girls everywhere. At least ten grabbed me while I was walking by and just started making out. Really, these girls were going wild. But none of them wanted to come back to my room. I was probably the only guy there who wasn’t sharing his room with 10 other dudes, but apparently it wasn’t that kind of party. At 4 AM I wandered back to my room drunk, horney and, well, drunk. Did I mention horney? I remembered that in my Spring Break Kit (the little box of freebees they leave in room at Radison South Padre) there’d been a bottle of lotion. Without even turning on the lights, I grabbed the lotion, took a towel from the bathroom, undressed, laid down on the bed and took care of business. When I was done I wiped myself off, tossed the towel and passed out. When I woke up in the morning I was wrapped up in the top sheet. Gross. But there was something else too. It took me a second or two to realize, but my crotch felt itchy, dry and just plain irritated. Even before I untangled myself from the polyester cover, I noticed the bottle: Jergens Soft Shimmer Skin Radiance Moisturizer—that’s right, the crap I’d rubbed so thoroughly into my tender man-bits had gold glitter in. And thus, I had created the world’s first golden penis. PLEASE NOTE: Before you look below, the colors and clarity on this web-site do my little man no justice. Really, it's hard to apreciate the depth of the sparkle. The golden sheen. It really was quite awesome. (If anyone knows the technical reason for the loss in color and clarity, please email me...) But before you get all excited and coat your own Johnson in sparkly stuff, examine the picture above carefully. Yeah it’s gold, but can you see the undercoat of irritation. Even after showering it itched. I was limping around for at least the next day or so. *** Unfortunately, the photos are no longer visible, but I did manage to save this one: by C. Thomas Howell reply 283 01/26/2016 [quote] Any reality TV insiders who know the deal about Danny hooking up with Adam Larson from RR: The Quest? Danny was on WWHL a few years ago and wouldn't name names, but said he'd gotten with a now straight-married guy during the filming of one of the challenges. There were a few other candidates, but it pretty clear he was talking about Adam. The link below discusses Danny on WWHL, however, if you read the comments at the bottom of the page, the people "in the know" seem to think that it was Steven Hill from the Las Vegas season. People point out that Adam wasn't even married at the time that Danny made his comments. [quote] Abram Boise today. He looks completely insane, marking up his body like that. The commenter who said that he's a psycho, wasn't kidding. by C. Thomas Howell reply 284 01/26/2016 I thought Chadwick from RR Australia was super cute but he turned out to be a real douche, first on his season, then on the RR/RW Challenge season that he did with his wife Holly (RR Maximum Velocity) - both of them were holier-than-thou cunts. by C. Thomas Howell reply 288 01/26/2016 [quote]Does anybody remember pocket-size Joe from Miami? More specifically, his Amazonian girlfriend Nicole? Was she a trannie? I remember Joe and Nicole. I remember she hated Joe's roommates and they hated her too. Melissa and Cynthia were the more vocal ones and they trashed Nicole in the confessionals. IIRC, Joe and Nicole broke up. In 2000, MTV had a reunion show for some of the seasons. Joe showed up unexpectedly to the reunion. He had some kind of career in the tech world. I really liked the Miami minus Sarah the skateboarder chick. by C. Thomas Howell reply 289 01/26/2016 I couldn't stand that guy David from NO. The song he wrote was actually a direct steal from "Luck Be a Lady Tonight" and it made me crazy that nobody called him on it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 290 01/26/2016 Melissa is the one I couldn't stand from NOLA 2000. She tried too hard to be funny and was always picking a fight with people. I remember she almost got fired at their job, because she threw a chair across the room. by C. Thomas Howell reply 291 01/26/2016 I remember Heather B mostly for the awesome fall she had when out walking a big dog. The dog took off running across the street and poor Heather B was jerked right off her feet and went sprawling head first to the pavement. Funny, but I remember they were playing "Finally" by CeCe Peniston as Heather lay face down on the street. by C. Thomas Howell reply 292 01/26/2016 Remember Road Rules:Europe? I loved that season. I think one of the female cast members from that season died. by C. Thomas Howell reply 293 01/26/2016 [quote]I couldn't stand that guy David from NO. The song he wrote was actually a direct steal from "Luck Be a Lady Tonight" and it made me crazy that nobody called him on it. Because his song was ridiculous and they were clearly making fun of him with it. by C. Thomas Howell I love those Heather B. Youtube cocktail videos. I'm already addicted. by C. Thomas Howell reply 296 01/26/2016 CT is sex wrapped up in a big, muscular mountain of a body. Sure, he can be a major jerk, but he could still get it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 297 01/26/2016 Laterrian Wallace from RR: Maximum Velocity was another hottie. There's no sound in this video, but who needs it with that bod on display? by C. Thomas Howell reply 298 01/26/2016 James Orlando was another hot guy from RR: Max Velocity. He had quite a bubble butt if I remember correctly. by C. Thomas Howell reply 299 01/26/2016 I was at a urinal once with James and he had a nice dick. I was also at a uninal twice with Yes. by C. Thomas Howell R300 were they cut or uncut? Jeez, why do people always neglect to include the details? by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 [quote]Christ, how old are you peeps? I'm 46. The first season of the Real World aired shortly after I graduated college. Do you have any other questions? You seem particularly challenged by numbers. Question for you: How old are YOU that you still use outdated slang like "peeps?" by C. Thomas Howell reply 304 01/26/2016 We all went to the same school so it was all by chance. I regret never running into Colin at the urinal. He, Malek, Victoria, Margaret, James, Yes all went to my school. by C. Thomas Howell reply 305 01/26/2016 I saw CT in person. He definitely has some type of animal magnetism. Would love to mount him and ride him silly. by C. Thomas Howell reply 306 01/26/2016 They were both cut. James had a big nutsack too. It was weird that he took his balls out too when he peed. Then instead of shaking his dick, he pushed his balls up to get the last drops. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]Christ, how old are you peeps? How old are YOU? Twelve? by C. Thomas Howell reply 310 01/26/2016 [quote]They were both cut. James had a big nutsack too. It was weird that he took his balls out too when he peed. Then instead of shaking his dick, he pushed his balls up to get the last drops. Wow, that's a lot of detail. You sure he didn't see you looking? by C. Thomas Howell reply 311 01/26/2016 I remember that Belou from RR Europe was extremely psychotic and suicidal. I'll never forget her basically just casually trying to throw herself out the window of a castle and would have been successful if her castmates hadn't reacted quickly enough to pull her back in. by C. Thomas Howell I remember Ballou being, how do you say...Motherfucking crazy? by C. Thomas Howell reply 313 01/26/2016 And on the topic of challenges... my favorite cast member was Katie. They tried repeatedly to get rid of her but the bitch just wouldn't go. I loved how ferociously she hated Veronica and would go off like a mental case. I'll never forget when they threw her into the Inferno and the challenge was that they had to hold their breath under sour milk. Whoever lasted the longest would be saved from elimination. I fucking loved that Katie knew her teammates threw her in to get rid of her and she basically said someone would have to tell her when she won because she was staying under no matter what... even if she drowned... and she meant it. The bitch was a heavy smoker and she outlasted the other person. She was satisfied that her teammates were disappointed she'd won. by C. Thomas Howell reply 314 01/26/2016 I fucking loved Katie. She was hilarious. Here's the sour milk inferno and the epic Katie vs Veronica fight. by C. Thomas Howell reply 315 01/26/2016 Karamo from Philly is frequently on Dr. Drew's show on HLN. He is the world's most earnest SJW now. by C. Thomas Howell reply 316 01/26/2016 R173 R177 Abe from RR Latin America was very cute, but I remember a whole lot came out after the show about why people didn't like him. From what I recall, he hacked into MTV or MBP and got a ton of information about his castmates. He and Gladys didn't get along and I think he revealed that he knew all this stuff about her (either she'd had a kid very young or an abortion) which was why she really freaked out on him. Towards the end he asked that she be brought back to the show because he felt responsible (though I imagine the rest of the cast freezing him out helped), but production wouldn't allow it. He was young and he wrote about the whole thing after the fact. Seemed like a decent person. I also, of course, remember that he was uncut. There was a scene with them all getting into a hot tub naked and the girls were disgusted and had to look away because of it. Another guy from that season (Brian?) was the worst. I remember them being in Mexico and helping locals pick through garbage for supplies. Obviously an unpleasant thing to do, but he went on this rant about "this is why I live in America." Uh, no, asshole, you live in America because you were lucky enough to be born there and into relative prosperity. Then they totally shamed him by giving him a gift. by C. Thomas Howell reply 317 01/26/2016 Melissa from NOLA was the one who tried to rally the gang against Mary Alice Bunim, the producer. She was the evil one in their eyes. Bunim died and John Murray sold the production company a few years ago though he is an advisor. Remember when Neil from RW London responded to a heckler by jumping offstage and shoving his tongue in the guy's mouth? And the guy responded by biting Neil's tongue in half? Remember when tough guy Danny from RW Austin mouthed off to the wrong dude and got his head bashed in so badly that he suffered brain damage? That happened after the season wrapped filming but the effects of the beating were evident when he showed up on a Challenge with his fiancee a few years later. I think he's blind in one eye. Landon....Landon....Landon. My god, he's not my type, but that guy was physical fucking perfection. And this is a tough crowd full of hot guys. Forget Zach, Landon was where it was at. by C. Thomas Howell reply 319 01/26/2016 [quote]Then instead of shaking his dick, he pushed his balls up to get the last drops. I do the same thing. Airs them out. by C. Thomas Howell reply 320 01/26/2016 This is your idea of physical perfection, R318? You have lower standards than most DLers. But then, this is the 'Brandon Is King' website. by C. Thomas Howell reply 321 01/26/2016 Landon, though hot, was nothing when compared to Zach in the looks and sheer animalistic sexiness department. And he had gayvoice to boot. by C. Thomas Howell reply 322 01/26/2016 Zach is hot but he caught a lot of shit for treating his female partner like crap and making some misogynistic comments on last season's Challenge. by C. Thomas Howell reply 323 01/26/2016 R314 Another good one from the challenges was Sarah from Road Rules. They kept on trying to get her out and she kept on beating the other people she was put up against. by C. Thomas Howell Hold your fucking tits you stupid BITCH! by C. Thomas Howell reply 326 01/26/2016 Yes, r324 - loved Sarah - most of the others on her team treated her like shit, including one of the cast members who was on her original RR season. I think David Guintoli (who came off as a genuine nice guy) and his girlfriend were her only allies on the RR team. She was a real underdog and I was so happy for her when her team won but only for her (if I recall, it was Coral who lost it for the RW team because she got stung by a bee or something). Of course, Sarah wouldn't make it past Day 1 of the challenges that have now which are, IMO, too extreme. Hope she's doing well. by C. Thomas Howell reply 327 01/26/2016 [quote]The link below discusses Danny on WWHL, however, if you read the comments at the bottom of the page, the people "in the know" seem to think that it was Steven Hill from the Las Vegas season. But Danny was only on one Challenge, and Steven wasn't on that season and Adam was. I think it was even before the first Vegas season anyway. Also, if Trishelle is the source, I don't know how much stock I'd put in it. Plus (and I can't believe I remember this) they were having some kind of truth or dare game, and someone asked Adam who he thought the hottest person there was, and he said Sean. And didn't seem to be kidding, either. Since the RR guys tending to be more athletic, they usually had the best bodies. I'm surprised we don't remember them as well. I always hoped Yes and I would see each other across a crowded room and realize we were destined to be together. Alas. by C. Thomas Howell reply 328 01/26/2016 Yes, loved Sarah too but I couldn't remember her name. I remember they tried to get rid of her multiple times and she just kept hanging in there. I remember one specific challenge that maybe had to do with riding a bull or something like that and it was the last time they could send her in and get rid of her. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]someone asked Adam who he thought the hottest person there was, and he said Sean. Who is Sean? Pedro's boyfriend? by C. Thomas Howell reply 330 01/26/2016 I felt bad for Sarah because the guys would use, manipulate, and treat her like shit every season she appeared on the show. They knew they could do it over and over again and get away with it because Sarah desperately wanted to be one of the guys. by C. Thomas Howell reply 331 01/26/2016 Danny also said in that Challenge, Stephen from Real World Seattle would stand over him naked and watch him sleep. He woke up one time and saw him and it scared him. by C. Thomas Howell Because Beth was very annoying. It was funny, and she wasn't hurt badly by it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 357 01/26/2016 Kyle Brant from the Chicago season ended up playing Phillip on days of our lives....I actually tried out for RW - I got to final casting. by C. Thomas Howell reply 358 01/26/2016 What happened to David in RW LA was a lynching of his character in which Tami was totally complicit...although it was that horrid cunt Beth's doing. This is a perfect example of black folks fucking over their brothers and sisters which I find disturbing, I'm not saying that if David was trying to rape or even mash Tami that she should smile and allow it because he is black, but she so easily was swayed by Beth's egging her on. I cannot believe that he never sued MTV for ruining his reputation in front of a national audience. I have to believe that if it had occurred in this day and time, it would have been handled with a great deal more sensitivity. To the poster upthread who said that Zach shaved his head and is no longer hot, I find that nearly impossible to believe. He could shave his head, paint himself green and wear a clown nose and he would still be hot IMHO. by C. Thomas Howell reply 359 01/26/2016 Does anyone remember when they were doing the casting for NOLA 2000? One of the candidates was a blonde chick, whose father lived in an abandoned car in the woods or something. They showed her visiting him. She seemed very nice and not your typical middle-class co-ed RW often cast. I was rooting for her, but in the end they went with Melissa. Ugh! by C. Thomas Howell Irene joined in with Beth making a mountain out of molehill with the Tami/David incident. by C. Thomas Howell reply 361 01/26/2016 My other favorite thing from the LA season was when MTV forced them to go on an Outward Bound adventure to try and bond. They bonded, but it was because the two instructors were such assholes that they all banded together to defend each other. by C. Thomas Howell reply 362 01/26/2016 LA Beth was the one trying to convince all the former castmembers to strike during one of the big reunions, wasn't she? Not realizing that since they weren't unionized they had no standing and were opening themselves up to a massive breach of contract from Bunim-Murray, IIRC. by C. Thomas Howell Maybe we're thinking of different things. by C. Thomas Howell reply 367 01/26/2016 Nevemrind, Melissa was part of the "Inside Out" reunion, but from what I can recollect, Beth also played a big part in trying to get everyone to strike. by C. Thomas Howell reply 368 01/26/2016 Boston : Remember when Montana gave WINE to little kids- wow that was Fing dumb! Her boyfriend VAJ was so FUG. Elkas boyfriend Walter was smoking hot. Genesis was the most boring dyke evah! Jason looked unclean and was that annoying "new age wussy man " of the 90s that was everywhere. Sean was dumb as a box of hair. He and Rachel were made for each other.bleh. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]Genesis was the most boring dyke evah! She may have been boring, but I remember her being absolutely beautiful. Considering how dykey RW LA Beth Anthony was, it was quite a difference. Of course, then Beth A showed up one of the Challenges and had grown her hair out and looked like a completely different person. [quote]I forgot about Montana and the wine... what were the specifics again? They had taken the kids on a field trip to some event where Bill Clinton was speaking. One of the at-risk kids asked Montana for a sip of her wine, and she stupidly gave it to him. I think one of the other castmembers might have gotten in trouble for drinking in front of the kids, but no one else was stupid enough to pass the bottle around. by C. Thomas Howell I forgot there were two Beth's on the LA Cast. by C. Thomas Howell reply 372 01/26/2016 Karamo and his bf are engaged. Whatever happened to the other gay guy on his season? I think his name was Will. by C. Thomas Howell reply 373 01/26/2016 Well, Lesbian Beth only came in to replace Irene once she got married and went off to wherever she went. The Valley, IIRC. Maybe I'm remembering this wrong, but I recall being really impressed by how compassionate and supportive Jon was towards Tami after her abortion. That's not the reaction I would have expected out of a good ole boy who's a pastor now. And the time Tami got her jaw wired shut to lose weight. by C. Thomas Howell Karamo's not the most handsome guy, but damn, he has a body for days! by C. Thomas Howell reply 375 01/26/2016 I recall Jon being one of those who grew a lot by the end of the show and was deep down a decent person. I think all the women were protective of him while the other guys bullied him by C. Thomas Howell reply 376 01/26/2016 I tend to think that Dom and Aaron were secretly fucking. They were really close, and neither one wants anything to do with the show anymore. Beth TOTALLY instigated DavidGate. Tami really was laughing, and probably wouldn't have thought anything of the horseplay if Beth had never said the word "rape". Once Irene joined in, that was all she wrote. They were the first cast to kick a cast member out. Soon after, Tami left the house for a brief period of time and got pregnant, hence the subsequent abortion. by C. Thomas Howell reply 377 01/26/2016 Tami was so self-absorbed and insufferable it was hard to find her sympathetic during the whole David drama. She did seem to be having fun (at least at first) so I never understood how it got so out of hand. Beth definitely played up the drama and made the situation much worse than it might have been. by C. Thomas Howell reply 378 01/26/2016 I remember David being totally offended when Jon wanted to hang his Confederate flag in their room. by C. Thomas Howell Here's Tyler Duckworth from RW Key West, presenting hole! by C. Thomas Howell reply 380 01/26/2016 [quote]I think all the women were protective of him while the other guys bullied him IIRC, he was the youngest and Irene was the eldest and she was very maternal towards him. I remember being in high school during some of the first seasons and thinking that all of the castmembers were these incredibly sophisticated, worldly people. And then by the time I was in my mid-twenties, I was either a peer or slightly older, and they'd started to cast for drama instead of interesting personalities, and the current casts all seemed like such tools. by C. Thomas Howell reply 381 01/26/2016 Anyone who has followed Tami's career would never try to paint her as such a gullible shrinking violet. Beth was definitely a cunty indicator and Irene was a melodramatic cop with something to prove, but Tami doesn't need anyone's help to exploit a situation and get what she can out of it. That broad would knock over her granny for a nickel... by C. Thomas Howell reply 383 01/26/2016 Tami's ex, basketball player Kenny Anderson, divorced her and didn't pay child support. She had to go on welfare for a time. by C. Thomas Howell reply 384 01/26/2016 [quote] Whatever happened to the other gay guy on his season? I think his name was Will. Willie Hernandez: Willie continued acting, and is apparently a personal shopper. by C. Thomas Howell reply 385 01/26/2016 I remember thinking that Timmy from Road Rules and Christian had a lot of sexual tension... perhaps they were just an early version of brahs. by C. Thomas Howell reply 386 01/26/2016 These people were such an important part of our lives. There's a lot of nostalgia and emotion tied to them. by C. Thomas Howell Remember when Tami was the black Peg in an episode of Married With Children? by C. Thomas Howell reply 388 01/26/2016 [quote]These people were such an important part of our lives. There's a lot of nostalgia and emotion tied to them. That, and I really do think that MTV's insistence on have the casts be as diverse as possible--especially including the gay housemates at a time when that just didn't happen--did a lot for the mindsets of people who are now starting to run the world. And being able to see Norm or Pedro go out on a date (and *KISS* the other guy!) blew my teenaged mind. by C. Thomas Howell reply 389 01/26/2016 It's likely DOPE and BOOZE. He has been aged. Too much red meat. Too many drunken nights. Too many ugly scenes with difficult people wanting his money and fame. The delusion of being a "star" sheds its ugly truth! The want of money, drink, drugs and material things take their toll on the accursed ones. He's done. He's burned out. Not even plastic surgery and dental work will return his face to its lovely youth. He's so over. You've stopped masturbating over him, haven't you? His ugly visage makes your dick limp now, doesn't it. You jack it harder and harder in your delusional fantasy of what was. Put on a tape with Brian Pumper. Look at that black man's hot, muscular body. His big cock. Hear Brian's dirty mouth. Listen to the wailings from the cunts suffering under the brunt of his cock's penetration! This is who you should masturbate to: A BLACK GOD! Bow to our black masters. Beseech them to enslave you! by C. Thomas Howell reply 390 01/26/2016 I tend to agree with the poster upthread speculating about LA Dom and Aaron. They were tighter than two ticks, and the fact that they have completely disassociated from the show and MTV is also somewhat odd. Aaron majorly pinged to me that season. I am always skeptical of the Xtian good boy who is waiting for marriage but is not against a Handy here or a bj there. Dom did not ping, but Aaron was rather stunning in that Cali beach boy surfer way, and since Dom was always half in the bag, he may have succumbed to the experience. I would stake my life that John is also gay, but I seriously doubt that he has or ever will acknowledge it. I too was taken with his growth over the season, and as dorky ass he was in many ways, he was obviously a decent, kind fella. by C. Thomas Howell Remember when Aaron freaked over Beth S. wall papering the house with his surfer boy pics? by C. Thomas Howell reply 395 01/26/2016 There used to be a guy at my gym that I swore was Mike the Miz... looked exactly like him and he liked to play around in the steam room. I later found out that Mike had actually moved into my area of town while trying to make something happen in LA. by C. Thomas Howell reply 396 01/26/2016 [quote] LA Dom and Aaron ... were tighter than two ticks, and the fact that they have completely disassociated from the show and MTV is also somewhat odd. Aaron majorly pinged to me that season. I googled Aaron Behle and he must be loaded with cash. He was VP of Skullcandy, and has now moved on to become CEO of a different corporation. No mention of a wife, though. Here's a recent photo of him. by C. Thomas Howell reply 398 01/26/2016 [quote]Remember when Aaron freaked over Beth S. wall papering the house with his surfer boy pics? It wasn't even that. It was some kind of Hunk of the Month calendar he'd done as a fundraising thing for his frat (you're no Warwick Rowers Club, Aaron). She did it after he flat-out denied that he would ever do anything like that. She wasn't the most likable person, but he was also awful to her. I also remembered a visit from her mother, who hosted a polka radio show as "The Polish Voice of Cleveland," who did not put up with his shit. She was awesome, and made Beth more likable by proxy. [quote]Here's a recent photo of him. The Cali sun be a harsh mistress. by C. Thomas Howell Forget Puck, WTF happened to Aaron? He looks like he gained 100 lbs. by C. Thomas Howell reply 400 01/26/2016 I remember Aaron freaked out on Beth saying that that kind of thing could ruin his... was it political aspirations? by C. Thomas Howell reply 401 01/26/2016 Howcome no one ever mentions the Real World Hollywood season? Was it that horrible? Come to think of it, I can't even remember one of the cast members, with the exception of Joey Kovar, the cute muscle guy who overdosed. [quote] WTF happened to Aaron? Give him a break. He's in his mid-40's and a corporate executive who probably doesn't get to work out much. I think he still looks good. by C. Thomas Howell Aaron's face wasn't even that great while on the show. Not shocking he turned out to be a bloated troll face His body was his moneymaker back in '93 by C. Thomas Howell reply 403 01/26/2016 Jay showed up to one of the reunion after parties with a man that was identified as his boyfriend. Kenny Anderson actually gave Tami a sizable settlement when the initially divorced. She had a Hummer with custom plates that read HISMONEY. Elka and Walter got married and divorced in a very short period of time. Genesis showed up to one of the reunions with a lookalike girlfriend and both looked like Barbies/Playmates. A lot of the cast members from RR/RW hate Julie from NOLA because at one time her mother was the one handling a large amount of speaking gigs for RW/RR cast members. Melissa from NOLA found out from a group that wanted to book her that Julie's mother was taking away bookings from other cast members and giving them to Julie (an organization wanted a particular cast member to speak, Julie's mother told them the cast member wasn't available and substituted Julie instead when the cast member was available) and had done that with a number of other cast members. Jacinda had a legit acting career, but for the most part she was scenery. She also was in a number of failed TV shows. by C. Thomas Howell reply 404 01/26/2016 So the 3 biggest cunts were Julie Stouffer (New Orleans), Tonya Cooley (Chicago) and Trishelle (Las Vegas)? by C. Thomas Howell reply 405 01/26/2016 Jay strikes me as the type who might believe he can pray the gay away. Marry the pretty co-worker for PR and then secretly get off with the chorus boys in your self-produced showcase. by C. Thomas Howell reply 406 01/26/2016 David Guintoli is currently starring in the Michael Bay movie 13 Hours with John Krasinski. Grimm just went into cindycation so he's making millions. He's got to be the most successful Real Worlder ever. by C. Thomas Howell reply 407 01/26/2016 Joey Kovar from RW Hollywood died from opiate intoxication in 2012. He had several freakouts during his season, and actually left the show to go into rehab briefly, returning before the season ended. He posed nude for Playgirl in 2011. by C. Thomas Howell reply 408 01/26/2016 I still say the Miz is the most successful. He was WWE champion which puts him on the same list as hulk hogan and the rock by C. Thomas Howell reply 409 01/26/2016 I remember the whole Julie thing and her mom managing a bunch of them. Seemed weird since.. wasn't Julie a Mormon whose family disapproved of her being on the show? And didn't she subsequently get kicked out of school? by C. Thomas Howell reply 412 01/26/2016 And didn't Melissa get proven right? Didn't Julie show herself to be one shady bitch on the RR/RW Battles? by C. Thomas Howell reply 413 01/26/2016 So, what happened to Neal from London? His girlfriend sent him a pig heart with a nail through it. He hated Americans. He was cute. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 Dave Giuntoli is very handsome. I was just watching Grimm the other day, and I had no idea that he was on Road Rules. What a coincidence. by C. Thomas Howell reply 415 01/26/2016 [quote]I still say the Miz is the most successful. He was WWE champion which puts him on the same list as hulk hogan and the rock Same as Hulk Hogan and The Rock? Yeah, right. No one even knows who he is outside of the WWE. Plus they don't pay better than being on 5 seasons of a network hit show and a Michael Bay movie. by C. Thomas Howell I didn't say same as, I said on the same list as. If you are so sure of your point, you don't need to edit my words. The point is that he achieved the pinnacle of his profession. Grimm played on Friday nights for a reason and I guarantee more people follow pro wrestling than some awful nbc show. I bet their net worth is comparable at worst. by C. Thomas Howell reply 418 01/26/2016 Remember when Julie tried to kill Veronica on one of the challenges during a zip line competition? I know Veronica is very annoying, but watch out for crazy money hungry Mormons! by C. Thomas Howell Not all psychos are a David, but all Davids are definitely a psycho... by C. Thomas Howell reply 431 01/26/2016 I can't lie, Veronica kicking her stubby little legs while looking terrified makes me laugh. Julie was crazy though. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 Clip mentioned above of Sarah being sent into the Gauntlet time after time after time. I can't remember if it was this season of the show but didn't the plan to throw all the girls into the Gauntlet so that they'd have an all male team for the finale backfire? I remember one of the seasons trying to do this and when it came down to the final challenge they had fucked themselves over because they needed women to successfully finish the challenge. by C. Thomas Howell reply 433 01/26/2016 Remember The Slap the girl with lupus called the angry crazy black guy a homosexual later he was arrested for being a gay whore. by C. Thomas Howell R434 it was LYME Disease not Lupus!!! by C. Thomas Howell reply 437 01/26/2016 It's amazing how in that clip with Steven and Irene he takes no responsibility for how messed up he was towards her. by C. Thomas Howell reply 438 01/26/2016 Oh and it was bullshit that they didn't kick him out of the house for slapping her. All he had to do was get "anger management." by C. Thomas Howell reply 439 01/26/2016 Jacinda had the most adorable boyfriend and she treated him rather badly. The London season was worth watching just for the glimpses of him. by C. Thomas Howell I liked mop-top MJ from Philadelphia by C. Thomas Howell reply 452 01/26/2016 The Hawaii cast seems to have made the most of themselves. According to someone's link upthread: Colin Mortensen: Colin is pursuing a doctorate and is interested in researching democratic student-led organizations in Arab national schools. Justin Deabler: Justin is currently the Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Bureau in New York. Kaia Beck: Kaia recently got a Master’s in History and a doctorate in law. She currently lives in Chicago, Illinois. Matt Simon: Matt lives in California and is a high school teacher. Teck, Ruthie, and Amaya seem to just be social media people in LA. Amaya still looks great, though. by C. Thomas Howell Was it San Diego that had the girl who was "too hard rock" for her castmates? by C. Thomas Howell reply 454 01/27/2016 [quote] Was it San Diego that had the girl who was "too hard rock" for her castmates? Yeah, that was Frankie, though she said she was too "punk rock" which is possibly even more embarrassing. She died a few years ago from cystic fibrosis. by C. Thomas Howell reply 455 01/27/2016 Jacinda (RW London) has worked steadily and successfully in movies (Bridgit Jones, Ladder 49, Poseidon) and TV (The Following, Bloodline) for several years. Jamie (RW San Diego) has also been acting for several years. They are perhaps the most successful former Real World cast members, but because of the UNFAIR GENDER-BASED PAY SCALE IN HOLLYWOOD you would never know it. THESE ACTRESSES ARE PRACTICALLY STARVING AND YOU ARE DOING NOTHING TO ADDRESS IT!! by C. Thomas Howell Since no one posted this earlier... verificatia of the above rumors. by C. Thomas Howell 01/27/2016 Melissa from NOLA was adorkable before it was a word. Jamie looked like a Neanderthal. I still hate Julie - if I saw her in the street I would kick her in the shin. by C. Thomas Howell reply 461 01/27/2016 Aww, I loved Julie. She always seemed laid back and one of the guys. I love how she came around re gays, thanks to Danny. I loved their close friendship. Since she grew up deep in the Mormon community, she had no understanding of homosexuality, just that it was wrong, but her friendship with Danny led her to see that gays aren't any different from heterosexuals. In fact, her acceptance of Danny is one of the reasons that led to her being kicked out of Brigham Young, even though she'd had their blessing before doing RW. They'd thought her presence on a national scale would be a positive image for LSD, but her sharing an apartment with men and then renouncing her anti-gay upbringing set them off. BTW: It was also cute when Julie wrote that love song for Danny to give to his military boyfriend Paul. by C. Thomas Howell reply 462 01/27/2016 R458 Frankie also had a phobia about boats, which sucked for her, because they had to work as a crew on a ship. by C. Thomas Howell Are you being sarcastic, R491? I didn't know that "transgender," "art something," "dj something," and "somewhere" are accomplishments. Please see R453 for some REAL success stories. by C. Thomas Howell 01/27/2016 I fucking loved Katie. This clip of her going after Veronica is hilarious. I could never figure out why Veronica thought she was such a great asset to any of her teams. It was obvious she was only able to stick around because she fucked all her teammates and was always able to find someone to use to distract the rest of her teammates. And funny how Veronica tries to say that Katie was lucky that she couldn't punch her because she'd beat her ass... sorry, Ronnie... Katie would bash your skull in while you laid there crying. by C. Thomas Howell reply 494 01/27/2016 R492 wasn't there also some story that Veronica went to Pua off camera and begged her to pretend that the blouse just got misplaced? I remember watching or seeing something about that. by C. Thomas Howell reply 500 01/27/2016 Here's a picture of Yes Duffy from RR Semester at Sea, with his mom and his two sons. He still looks the same. by C. Thomas Howell reply 501 01/27/2016 I'd forgotten about RR: Campus Crawl, but stumbled across this clip which was high drama. Shane (white gay guy) playfully slaps Darrell (black straight guy and a boxer) while they're making prank calls. Darrell has to leave to avoid killing Shane. I love the commentary from the other castmate about how Darrell had been more than accepting of Shane (faggot!) and to walk away after being slapped by a gay man must have been so hard for him. I also remember Eric being pretty cute, if bland. by C. Thomas Howell reply 502 01/27/2016 There should be more understanding that slapping is more common in the gay community and that the practice is a way of showing displeasure. It's not intended to injure. by C. Thomas Howell Belou casually about to throw herself out a castle window. by C. Thomas Howell reply 509 01/27/2016 You guys- I love this thread. I didnt stick with the show after Cancun and only stuck with is as long as I did cause I thought Bronne was hot. Hollywood and Brooklyn were the last good seasons of the show. by C. Thomas Howell reply 510 01/28/2016 Katie really should have screwed her team over. She made it all the way to end despite her teammates trying to sabotage her each step of the way. Her revenge should have been to just sit there during the finale, letting the Real World team win. by C. Thomas Howell reply 511 01/28/2016 Instead Katie ended up proving to be an asset by basically solving most of the puzzle, getting them the win. by C. Thomas Howell Tami singing with her group by C. Thomas Howell reply 515 01/28/2016 R513 they could've done one of those cities, instead of rehashing NY (1992, 2001), New Orleans (2000, 2010), San Diego (2004, 2011), San Francisco (1994, 2014), Chicago (2002, 2015); the upcoming season GO BIG OR GO HOME takes place in Vegas (2002, 2011, 2016)for the THIRD time! by C. Thomas Howell reply 516 01/28/2016 I recall the first big RW reunion and how much of a big deal it was. It consisted of all the cast members from the first four seasons. I specifically recall Heather B. telling Tami how bougie she was right there on the panel. by C. Thomas Howell reply 517 01/28/2016 ^ Was that before or after Tami called Heather B. a "ghetto queen?" LOL! Heather did not like that! by C. Thomas Howell The Miz had a fat ass. I'm almost sure it's been tapped. by C. Thomas Howell reply 523 01/28/2016 R522 Not that you want the opinion of a fish, but I agree wholeheartedly. I have excellent gaydar due to my job(I work with all gay men and they have educated me to the Nth degree) and I absolutely found the Miz to be softly pinging. by C. Thomas Howell reply 524 01/28/2016 Sometime around the early 2000s MTV rebroadcasted all of the Real World seasons ( and Road Rules) that had aired up until that point which allowed me the opportunity to view the first few seasons ( I was only familiar with the Hawaii, New Orleans, Chicago and Vegas seasons at that time). I wonder why MTV no longer rebroadcasts those early seasons of the show? by C. Thomas Howell reply 525 01/28/2016 It may be a music licensing issue - those old shows had a lot of pop music played each week. Or maybe MTV is just too embarrassed and doesn't want to show how much the shows have degraded over the years. by C. Thomas Howell reply 526 01/28/2016 I actually think it's that MTV doesn't hold the rights to them any more. IIRC, they had those marathons right before the earlier seasons went into strip syndication. I would love them to put them somewhere for streaming. by C. Thomas Howell reply 527 01/28/2016 I can't remember how many times I jacked off thinking about Brad's thick cock. But then he got knocked out by Darrell for talking shit and it killed my attraction. by C. Thomas Howell Nia is also a stupid cunt. She probably has a huge, cavernous, gaping vagina. by C. Thomas Howell reply 531 01/29/2016 I think RW LA was probably the worst. A lot of miscast people and nobody really good looking which is ironic, considering it's LA. I hated Beth S. the polish bitch with the mole and thick legs. She was so thirsty. Boston was also bad and the DC one was terrible. DC and Boston do not translate well in the reality genre. Which I think is a good thing. The first one in NY and SF were the best overall. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 R532... please sit down. RW LA was the BEST. You had lesbians, you had assault, you had the first roommate kicked out... you had jaws being wired shut and abortions performed while filming. You're welcome. reply 533 01/29/2016 I agree with R533. Even with the poignant story of Pedro, San Fran was NO Los Angeles. They were boring and weren't even the first to kick someone out. [quote]You had lesbians, you had assault... And don't forget a confederate flag-waving virgin, a boisterous black chick, a were they or weren't they duo consisting of a drunken Irish dude and an uptight WASP, a wannabe actress and a 5 foot female cop. Add in the Venice scenery and you've got a perfect RW season. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 What made LA so forgettable was the horrible personalities. It might have been a drama-packed season, but all of that didn't matter, because I hated every single one of the cast members. by C. Thomas Howell reply 535 01/29/2016 Tami was just awful. It's amazing that the Redneck, Hillbilly was more compassionate and open minded than Tami ever was. Imagine if someone had said to Tami, "So is it safe to assume that all your friends that will be coming over will be black? And sidenote.. I completely forgot the Glenn guy was on the show too. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 Did the idea for Road Rules come from the road trip during the LA season? It sucks if MTV no longer has the rights to the show. Many people have never seen the early seasons of RW outside of Youtube clips. by C. Thomas Howell reply 537 01/29/2016 The LA season may have been a lot of things, but boring and forgettable it was not. It has received more discussion on this thread than any other season. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 Remember me? I'm Beth S. from the Real World LA. I am the first reality TV show drama queen and I will become the prototype for shit-stirrers for decades to come. by C. Thomas Howell reply 539 01/29/2016 [quote]Imagine if someone had said to Tami, "So is it safe to assume that all your friends that will be coming over will be black? Don't forget that she worked at an HIV outreach center (with a lot of gay men), and flipped out over lesbian Beth A moving in. [quote]And sidenote.. I completely forgot the Glenn guy was on the show too. He was seriously forgettable. And honestly, he was awful to Beth S and actually made her sympathetic by comparison, which is just all kinds of wrong. [quote]Did the idea for Road Rules come from the road trip during the LA season? Yes. reply 540 01/29/2016 [quote]The LA season may have been a lot of things, but boring and forgettable it was not. It has received more discussion on this thread than any other season. I agree. LA was heads and shoulders better than many of the seasons, including San Francisco. I've spotted Beth S. as an extra on several other shows, including Beverly Hills 90210, the Shannen Years. She was even in the background in the Pauly Shore movie SON IN LAW. by C. Thomas Howell The boy shown in R542 does not look like an abortion. by C. Thomas Howell reply 544 01/29/2016 Of the early seasons casts, I found San Fran cast to be the most insufferable and unlikable, which was quite the accomplishment, considering that the LA cast was laden with douchebags like Glen, Aaron, Tami, Beth S. , David and that glorified meter maid Irene "I am the law". The big difference between the douchebaggery of the two casts, is that the ones in San Francisco were also sanctimonious as fuck. Judd only knew Pedro for 4 months, yet for the past 20+ years he's been exploiting Pedro's death from AIDS and yammering on/writing books about some great "friendship" that they had, which must have happened off camera, because there wasn't much evidence of it on camera. by C. Thomas Howell reply 545 01/29/2016 [quote]Judd only knew Pedro for 4 months, yet for the past 20+ years he's been exploiting Pedro's death from AIDS and yammering on/writing books about some great "friendship" that they had, which must have happened off camera, because there wasn't much evidence of it on camera. You forget, it's not like Pedro dropped dead immediately after they moved out of the house. And not for nothing, particularly in an era where reality TV was relatively new, I would imagine most of the participants didn't quite know what they were getting into and the environment probably made them bond in a way that ordinary roommates wouldn't. And Pedro also got incredibly sick during filming at least once. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 The Real World SF was filmed from Feb 12 1994 to June 19 1994. It's my understanding that Pedro only saw Judd one time after they moved out of the house in June, and that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. He died November 11, 2014, less than 5 months after they moved out of the house. by C. Thomas Howell reply 547 01/29/2016 I'm pretty sure Judd and Pam saw him multiple times after he was back in Miami and getting progressively sicker. by C. Thomas Howell reply 548 01/29/2016 I'm afraid the only thing that Judd ever saw when he looked at Pedro was dollar $igns. by C. Thomas Howell reply 549 01/29/2016 [quote](Glenn) was seriously forgettable. And honestly, he was awful to Beth S and actually made her sympathetic by comparison, which is just all kinds of wrong. Refresh my memory, I can't recall him or what he did that was so awful to Beth S. She was a seriously awful person. I hated her fat face, her stupid bangs, her oversize tongue. She was a frau-in-training until she tried to glam up and posed for Playboy. I still picture her ending up plump in polyester in an office cube covered with inspirational kitty posters. by C. Thomas Howell reply 550 01/29/2016 All that I can really remember about him was that he played in a godawful band. I don't know, Beth S was an awful person, but all the people who gave her shit (Aaron, Dom, and Glen) weren't great people either. Tami and Jon got along fine with her. by C. Thomas Howell The R555 fight was epic. Wonder if that was around the time of Tonya's rape. Veronica was loathed by so many on that show. by C. Thomas Howell reply 561 01/30/2016 Theo Von is so ugly-hot. I'd fuck the shit out of him but talk about a double-bagger. by C. Thomas Howell reply 562 01/30/2016 [quote] All that I can really remember about him was that he played in a godawful band. I remember the episode in which they interviewed replacement roommates in LA. There were two guys who were normal and attractive and they went with the third: Glenn. They asked him about religion and he used the tedious and popular cliche of the 90s, "I'm spiritual, but not religious," which really impressed them all. by C. Thomas Howell reply 563 01/30/2016 As I recall, David pulled Tami's blanket away from her, and Beth S. then accused him of "rape" for that incident...he then got kicked out of the house. Dom and Aaron thought they were "above it all". The cast was just awful, because of all the hypocrisy going on. The cowboy was the only decent person in the house. by C. Thomas Howell reply 564 01/30/2016 Is it safe to assume that any current cast of these shows are riddled with various STDs? by C. Thomas Howell reply 565 01/30/2016 Beth didn't accuse him of rape. She said, "No means NO!" She didn't say he raped Tami.. she likened it to a guy who doesn't take no as an answer.. Wait, didn't she say something like.. "you wanted it, baby!" She's such a fucking instigator. by C. Thomas Howell 01/30/2016 I loathed Kameelah from Boston, she was a BITCH with a capital B! I had a major crush on Neil from London, he was the guy that had his tongue bitten off by another guy, whom he tried to kiss. by C. Thomas Howell reply 569 01/30/2016 [quote]I remember the episode in which they interviewed replacement roommates in LA. There were two guys who were normal and attractive and they went with the third: Glenn. They asked him about religion and he used the tedious and popular cliche of the 90s, "I'm spiritual, but not religious," which really impressed them all. One of the other guys was a member of the UCLA track team, and they pretty much all decided that he was gay. I wonder if they were right. by C. Thomas Howell reply 570 01/30/2016 [quote]It's my understanding that Pedro only saw Judd one time after they moved out of the house in June, and that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. Unlike previous RW seasons, I don't remember a stand-alone SF reunion other than the one in 1995 when MTV had all of the previous seasons at that point get together. In chronological order, each season came out and did their individual interviews and talked about what it was like then and where there are now. And then it concluded with the fireworks of the SF cast when it was their turn. At that point, Pedro was already dead. by C. Thomas Howell reply 571 01/30/2016 [quote]that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. He died November 11, 2014, less than 5 months after they moved out of the house. You might want to look at your calendar again. by C. Thomas Howell reply 572 01/30/2016 I remember that reunion show. They had the first 3 casts (I think) and then London was introduced at the end. So was the last time that Judd saw Pedro in June 1994, when they left the house? And then Pedro died in November? That would imply that they were only friends within the context of filming the show. by C. Thomas Howell reply 573 01/30/2016 The Tonya/Veronica fight seemed a bit staged. Why did everyone hate Veronica, so she was a slut, good for her. by C. Thomas Howell reply 574 01/30/2016 [quote]So was the last time that Judd saw Pedro in June 1994, when they left the house? And then Pedro died in November? There are pictures of Judd, Pam, Corey, and Rachel visiting him in the hospital. by C. Thomas Howell reply 575 01/30/2016 People making up shit to bag on Judd Winick , who has worked for gay rights and AIDS awareness for 20 years, are the worst kind of shit-stains and fuckwads. by C. Thomas Howell reply 576 01/30/2016 What percentage of the Pedro and Me book and movie and Judd's lectures about Pedro went to charity? by C. Thomas Howell 01/30/2016 I don't know, r577, do you? How many people were educated by them? How many people changed their minds about LGBT people? Do you imagine that Judd Winick lives in a mansion off the proceeds from Pedro and Me? by C. Thomas Howell reply 578 01/30/2016 [quote] So was the last time that Judd saw Pedro in June 1994, when they left the house? And then Pedro died in November? That would imply that they were only friends within the context of filming the show. Why would you think that? After the show, Pam & Judd lived in SF. And Pedro, who was pretty sick near the end of filming and whose health continued to degenerate, went to Miami. And as was posted above, Judd & Pam did fly out there. I can't be the only one who understands the concept of having friends who move to a different state and remain great friends. Phones are a wonderful thing. by C. Thomas Howell LA was the best. I loved their house, too. by C. Thomas Howell reply 580 01/30/2016 [quote]The Tonya/Veronica fight seemed a bit staged. Why did everyone hate Veronica, so she was a slut, good for her. It looks staged because Tonya was, as usual, drunk. Veronica wasn't just a slut. Get it right, idiot. Veronica was a whore, slut, cunt, opportunist, thieving, lying, backstabbing, ugly, troll blow up doll. by C. Thomas Howell reply 581 01/30/2016 R581 which is why nobody cared when Julie scared the shit out of her, when she pretended to undo her safety harness on the zip line. by C. Thomas Howell And remember R582... everyone hated Julie too... they just hated Veronica that much more. by C. Thomas Howell reply 583 01/30/2016 I wonder if RW: NO's Matt, the very, very Catholic virgin trolls for dick on the side. I don't know why, but I thought he pinged a little. by C. Thomas Howell reply 584 01/30/2016 [quote]It's my understanding that Pedro only saw Judd one time after they moved out of the house in June, and that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. Wow, was it a haunting? Did MTV capture it on film? by C. Thomas Howell 01/30/2016 [quote]I don't know why, but I thought he pinged a little. Because he pinged A LOT! Before Danny came out everyone assumed Matt was the gay one. by C. Thomas Howell Yeah, but he wasn't out (I don't even think to the producers) when he was cast. by C. Thomas Howell reply 589 01/30/2016 danny roberts was fkin hot. My 12 yr old self didn't how someone how looked so normal and "straight" acting could be gay. Ughhh....memories. by C. Thomas Howell reply 590 01/30/2016 Danny from RWNO and Chris from RWChicago were hot. I wanted them to run a train on me. by C. Thomas Howell reply 591 01/30/2016 I'm curious about Danny Roberts' husband. There don't seem to be any pictures of him on the internet. Not even a name. by C. Thomas Howell

San Diego

Arch enemey of Count Dracula, what is the name of the vampire hunter in Bram Stokers 1897 novel Dracula?

Puck from The Real World -San Francisco Puck from The Real World -San Francisco Ew, what happened!? reply 600 01/31/2016 Easy. He started out as Puck. What did you think 20+ years was going to add? by C. Thomas Howell I'm shocked. Shocked, I say. No neck tattoos. by C. Thomas Howell Wow! IIRC Colin was the hot one on his season. by C. Thomas Howell reply 7 01/24/2016 How old are you people being so shocked about aging? Puck is 45 and yeah he looks a bit rough but not un-realistic at all. Lot of sun? Mortensen is 36 and he looks fine. Comparing normal people to Hollywood stars who have access to all kinds of beauty treatments is not fair. by C. Thomas Howell reply 8 01/24/2016 R8 = Puck, during downtime between selling meth and driving drunk with little kids in the car by C. Thomas Howell I think Jon Brennan from Season 2 Los Angeles ate him by C. Thomas Howell reply 10 01/24/2016 He looked like a diseased person 25 years ago. There is nothing shocking about this photo. by C. Thomas Howell Judd and Pam from the same season of Real World by C. Thomas Howell You mean people get older? by C. Thomas Howell Jon has far too many chins for one person. by C. Thomas Howell reply 15 01/24/2016 The people who keep saying that Puck "just got older" clearly have no idea what Puck has been up to in the last 20-odd years. by C. Thomas Howell reply 16 01/24/2016 Puck was probably the first villain of reality TV: homophobic trash who got fired from the show for bullying poor old Pedro. I learned about Pedro's death just as I switched off the VCR after binge watching the whole first season over the weekend. The TV went on and it was a tribute to Pedro. It was beyond shocking. I never got rid of the tapes: I just no way to play them anymore. by C. Thomas Howell reply 19 01/24/2016 OP --- Puck was an unattractive 20 year old (inside and out) and nothing has changed with age. Seriously. He really doesn't look THAT different. Just older. by C. Thomas Howell reply 20 01/24/2016 Can you post before pics of RW cast members? I can remember Puck and Colin (vaguely). I only remember most by their faces, the way they looked on the show. What happened to the southern girl and the guy in the rock band from the first show (I think) in New York City? Anybody know? by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 RW Hawaii's evil gay Justin Deabler (he's on the right) with his husband. He wasn't that cute on the show, but he looks like the really ugly love-child of Cockgobbler Aaron Schock and Neal Patrick Harris of the Harlem Burtka-Harrises. by C. Thomas Howell reply 38 01/24/2016 So many people have one or two decades of hotness. For some it's in high school, for others it's as late as their 40s or 50s. It's rare that someone stays hot their whole life. Puck looks like someone who's lived a hard life. When you look at poor people in their 50s who've mostly worked outdoor jobs and has lots of stress versus white collar workers, the difference is often shocking-- the poor look 10-20 years older. by C. Thomas Howell reply 39 01/24/2016 It's not that Puck has had a hard life, it's that he's an ugly person inside and out. by C. Thomas Howell reply 40 01/24/2016 All these people should come back and do the Challenge. Judd and Pam for The Challenge: Exes. Puck and Pedro for The Challenge: Rivals. by C. Thomas Howell The super has left the model. He's a bear now. reply 45 01/24/2016 Danny Roberts, whom I didn't know until R23 mentioned him, has quite an interesting take on why reality TV quality went downhill fast after his season on the RW: according to him until 2000, the producers were trying to typecast and oppose people to create some drama. After 2000, he says the kids already brought a storyline and a persona and wanted to be typecast upfront since a lifetime career in reality TV started to look like a viable option. by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 Why did Judd shave his head? What does Colin do for a living now? Does he still talk to Amaya or Roofie? by C. Thomas Howell reply 47 01/24/2016 Poor Dan. He looks bloated and miserable in that picture. But at least he has a blog. I found him ( mostly unintentionally) hilarious on his season. Gawd this thread is bring back memories about all of those crazy characters from The Real World ( and Road Rules. Remember that show?). by C. Thomas Howell reply 48 01/24/2016 Danny was, in addition to being incredibly hot, one of the more compelling cast members from the trailing end of when the show was interesting. Forcing people to really look at Don't Ask, Don't Tell may not have been as immediate as seeing AIDS through Pedro's eyes, but I bet it moved us towards the end of the thing quicker than it might otherwise have. [quote]Why did Judd shave his head? I assume that, like so many men before him, his hairline forced it on him. by C. Thomas Howell Did MTV ever try to do an "all-star" season of the Real World? by C. Thomas Howell reply 52 01/24/2016 The closest was the original incarnation of the Challenge. Which was where Sean Duffy and Rachel Campos hooked up. Damn you, Bunim-Murray. by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 [quote]Her arguing with that black girl That black girl's name is Heather B., and she currently hosts a radio show in NYC with TV personality Sway. She put out a few rap singles and music videos after RW New York, and even owned a hair salon for a while. by C. Thomas Howell reply 54 01/24/2016 I'm partial to the season 2 LA cast. Tami made that show, but they covered a lot of topics, including Tami's abortion. by C. Thomas Howell reply 55 01/24/2016 Dan actually looks way better now. That's the manliest he's ever looked. He should go back on the Challenge. by C. Thomas Howell Why did Beth stop doing the Challenges? by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 Speaking of former MTV hosts, Alison Stewart is almost fifty and looks fucking amazing. [quote]Dan actually looks way better now. That's the manliest he's ever looked. He should go back on the Challenge. If he's confident enough to work the whole bear thing, more power to him. I'll take a bear in decent shape to fitfat who owns over a no-longer-twink trying too hard. by C. Thomas Howell reply 58 01/24/2016 There was a guy on TRW Las Vegas who had been on the Fratpad porn site and then videos of him bottoming turned up. Whatever happened to him? (Found link via Google) by C. Thomas Howell reply 59 01/24/2016 I don't remember Dan ever being on The Challenge. Was it way back when Katie, Veronica ( remember their hilarious fight?), Mark, Coral and Julie still did The Challenge? by C. Thomas Howell reply 60 01/24/2016 And so long as we're doing MTV recollections. I had a mad crush on Dan Cortese when I was in high school. by C. Thomas Howell reply 61 01/24/2016 That guy pops up on The Challenge from time to time. He always claims that the guys ostracize him and give him the cold shoulder because of his gay porn past. He's very insecure about it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 62 01/24/2016 Lost all respect for Miami Dan when he passed on that cute, adorkable boyfriend he had for all of a nanosecond. That guy was a keeper... by C. Thomas Howell reply 63 01/24/2016 Fratpad Dustin has been doing Challenges every year. He's been on the last 3. You can watch him on The Challenge: Exes currently for free on the MTV app. He was complaining that because of his gay porn past, he never fits in with the guys. He'll never be "one of the guys" and be in their inner circle. His confessionals were quite sad. by C. Thomas Howell reply 64 01/24/2016 Really, R23? Of all the photos you choose to post and you don't post the one that most belongs on DL? by C. Thomas Howell reply 65 01/24/2016 Speaking of The Challenge, are you guys Team Wes or Team Johnny Bananas? I've always been Team Wes. He plays a very smart game and is always manipulating the others. Bananas is just a douchebag. by C. Thomas Howell reply 66 01/24/2016 Danny looks fine. Eric Nies would look better if he cut his hair and stopped dyeing it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 67 01/24/2016 Where's Eric Nies penis? I remember he showed his nude pics to Julie who was shocked. Maybe she was shocked at how small his dick was. by C. Thomas Howell reply 68 01/24/2016 Norman Korpi from the RW NY look pretty decent, considering he was on the first season with Eric & Julie. by C. Thomas Howell Dunbar is a staunch lefty now. Kind of unexpected for a southern boy. by C. Thomas Howell reply 79 01/24/2016 What happened to gay/wannabe artist Chicago Chris? He was hot...seemed like he had a fucked up life though. by C. Thomas Howell reply 80 01/24/2016 That you think Pedro was a whiny, humorless bitch shows you really weren't paying attention and still don't know anything about AIDS. by C. Thomas Howell reply 81 01/24/2016 If you want a trip down Real World memory lane this blog cover every episode season 1-10 with lots of pictures, I had forgot about so much, like that ugly dog Yoga that they found in season 1. by C. Thomas Howell reply 84 01/24/2016 R83 sounds like the cunt who was picking on the OP in the 'I just want to give up' thread. by C. Thomas Howell reply 85 01/24/2016 No, what Pedro did was get a death sentence and, instead of crawling into a ball, used all of his remaining time to educate and help prevent kids like him from getting the disease. That you only remember the peanut butter incident and think complaining about Puck sticking his disgusting hands into his food was whining or pouting still shows you to be ignorant. by C. Thomas Howell reply 87 01/24/2016 What I remember from Season 1 was the whole... "did it or did it not happen" altercation between Julie and Kevin. I believed Julie. reply 88 01/24/2016 I used to stan for this show. Its gone to shit but remember in its heyday, not everyone wanted to be on reality tv. Danny from New Orleans really resonated with me as a young gay. Chicago (season11), San Fransisco (s3), MIami (s5) and San Diego (s14) were some of the standouts. by C. Thomas Howell reply 89 01/24/2016 [quote]I thought Pedro was a whiny, humorless bitch. Judd and Pam were his self-righteous enablers. I'm agnostic on Judd, but I will respect Pam until the day I die for putting her career on hold to take care of Pedro as he was dying. by C. Thomas Howell reply 90 01/24/2016 God dammit! First of all, use troll-day or whatever: I would never tease or minimize the concerns of someone contemplating suicide. That's a FACT. Secondly, some of you just have to come to grips with the reality that there is a generation of gay men whose lives have been (thankfully) unaffected by HIV/AIDS. I honestly have nothing but admiration for the men and women who watched friends die, coped with their own diagnoses and/or dedicated their lives to educating others. Yes, I'm ignorant about HIV/AIDS because I've never known anyone with either (or at least nobody has admitted it). Like I said, when the 3rd season ran I was 12. I was also growing up in the Midwest and didn't yet identify as gay. I never made any judgments on Pedro regarding his disease...I just remember being sad that someone so young was dying from a terminal disease. I also didn't fully grasp the weight of his advocacy regarding HIV prevention (again, I was years away from being sexually active and still identified as being straight). Calling Pedro a whiny bitch might be unfair, but I was just trying to convey what I thought of him when the show aired. I haven't revisited The Real World, and if I did I'd focus on my favorite seasons (Los Angeles, Miami and Seattle). Maybe the work of HIV/AIDS activists has had a weird effect on my generation. We know we don't want to get sick, but of we do its been pounded into our heads that we can still have productive lives. That's probably why I was so glib in referring to Pedro's "sob story." by C. Thomas Howell I have never seen a single episode of Real World. by C. Thomas Howell reply 93 01/24/2016 Yeah, all that might be true, r92. I'm really sorry that your generation has such a tough time with HIV/AIDS. It's almost as if it killed 80% of your friends. The point was Pedro was a lot more than the peanut butter story AND the show SHOWED IT TO YOU. So, yes, coming away from the show without seeing that Pedro was much more than the peanut butter incident is a failing on your 12-year old self. And not thinking that anyone sticking his hands in your food, let alone a walking disease factory like Puck, is a huge violation doesn't do you any credit either...all HIV/AIDS considerations aside. by C. Thomas Howell reply 94 01/24/2016 R14, at first I chuckled at your point about Judd having an HIV friend, but back in the day people treated it like it was airborne or they'd whisper about it the way people do cancer. by C. Thomas Howell reply 96 01/24/2016 anyone have gossip on Steven Hill from the Real World Las Vegas season about a decade plus ago? by C. Thomas Howell reply 97 01/24/2016 I went to Rutgers with Dan Renzi (Miami season). I think he looks great now. I haven't thought about him since the Miami season. I would get stoned and read his column in the Livingston Medium. He was cute, but way too tall for me. by C. Thomas Howell reply 98 01/24/2016 Wasn't the Miami cast where the weird threesome happened with some crazy chick and some hardcore Republican who called Dan a faggot? by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 No, the threesome was Himbo Mike, big-titted Cuban Melissa, and a third person. Flora, the aforementioned crazy chick, attempted to crawl through the window to get a better look at it. I remember this stuff and don't know where my car keys are half the time. by C. Thomas Howell reply 100 01/24/2016 I think it's Dan's face that looks a bit bloated but his shoulder's look kind of fit. Colin uploaded a digital autobiography. It sounds like he works in the education field and studying for a doctorate degree. by C. Thomas Howell Come On Be My Baby Tonight: by C. Thomas Howell 01/24/2016 The show really started to suck after the Seattle season. BTW, The black guy who slapped the Lyme disease girl because she called him "a homosexual" came out of the closet and announced that he was engaged to be married to a guy on one of the reunion shows a few years ago. by C. Thomas Howell reply 115 01/24/2016 Excuse my imbecility, but what are you supposed to do in a porn theater: keep your hands on the table? by C. Thomas Howell reply 116 01/24/2016 Does anybody remember pocket-size Joe from Miami? More specifically, his Amazonian girlfriend Nicole? Was she a trannie? by C. Thomas Howell reply 117 01/24/2016 "Puck was probably the first villain of reality TV: homophobic trash who got fired from the show for bullying poor old Pedro." Puck wasn't homophobic. If Pedro had been straight they still wouldn't have gotten along. He didn't "bully poor Pedro." He was a slob, he was nasty, but he didn't "bully" anybody. If either one of them had been willing to meet the other halfway, maybe they could have worked out their differences. But neither one would. I remember on one of the shows Pedro's grandfather made breakfast for everyone in the house, including some guests. Pedro declined to attend. Puck was offended by that, as well he should have been. He commented something to the effect that since he (Puck) had dirty hands Pedro must have figured his grandfather would make breakfast with dirty hands. Attending the event might have been the beginning of some mutual understanding between the two roommates but Pedro passed up the opportunity. As I recall, Pedro issued an ultimatum: if Puck were not removed from the house he would "isolate" himself from everybody in it. So they threw Puck out to appease "poor old Pedro." I think Puck was the one who was treated badly. He got REALLY mad about being tossed out to placate Pedro. Who wouldn't have been? Yes, Puck looks "rough" but he still looks better than Judd Winick. He looks REALLY bad. I always found him and his egotistical wife Pam Ling to be unbearable. by C. Thomas Howell Dan Renzi moved back to his hometown in the Midwest. He's a nurse. by C. Thomas Howell reply 124 01/24/2016 R120... David was crazy and hot. I still remember the sound of his voice yelling at Kyra (why do I remember her name) on the pay phone. I think that was the first season where two of the roommates knew each other prior to moving in (David and the other guy were both buddies at... Annapolis?). by C. Thomas Howell reply 125 01/24/2016 This show is a shell of its former self. Back in the day it was fairly groundbreaking. I think the original Chicago and San Fransisco were my favs. by C. Thomas Howell reply 126 01/24/2016 I liked the first season, largely because Julie and Heather B. were hysterical together. Their friendship was unexpected and interesting. I watched semi-regularly from Season 2 up to the New Orleans/Paris/San Diego seasons. I can't remember when I dropped it (maybe Chicago, when 9/11 took place?). But from S2 onward, I was pretty much hate-watching it, and reading the TWOP recaps, which could sometimes be funny. I can remember reading the San Francisco recaps at my desk during lunch, and mo co-workers wondered what I was laughing at. by C. Thomas Howell I think Thomas from Real World San Francisco is the hottest. by C. Thomas Howell reply 135 01/25/2016 R128, in the Another World thread folks are quoting chapter and verse scenes from Bay City circa 1976. I honestly think most DLers are late 40s to mid-50s. by C. Thomas Howell reply 136 01/25/2016 If you think one has to be old in order to discuss a show that began airing in the 90s ( since of course it isn't at all possible that anybody could have started watching the show as preteens and teens) then you aren't very bright. If you are so young that you find such a discussion shocking then I have to assume that you're a pretty pathetic youngster since you're spending your free time on message boards (full of old men) instead of with your peers. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]Kyra (why do I remember her name) Pretty hard to forget him screaming her name over and over again. [quote]I think that was the first season where two of the roommates knew each other prior to moving in (David and the other guy were both buddies at... Annapolis?). VMI reply 142 01/25/2016 [quote]Her arguing with that black girl over rather or not something was racist was one of most hilarious things I watched as a child. And when she was on the toilet and they were filming it. Was that the sunbathing thing? I remember being really irritated because one Real World had a black woman complain that she was invited to go sunbathing because it was racist, and the very next season, a new black female housemember complained because she WASN'T invited to go sunbathing and THAT was racist. Seemed really scripted. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 [quote]Puck wasn't homophobic. Yes, he was. Since Real World he's been arrested for beating his girlfriends on multiple occasions (and did time for it, if I recall), and almost killed his little boy by driving drunk and wrecking the car. He later said that sure, he'd had some JD, but he also had a sandwich with it so what's the big deal? He's trash, and you're trash for defending him. by C. Thomas Howell reply 144 01/25/2016 In a complete career change, he now catches flying hockey pucks and apparently leads with his forehead. by C. Thomas Howell reply 145 01/25/2016 Oprah Winfrey Network - Norman Korpi, Heather B. Gardner and Julie Gentry, return to the New York City loft where the first season of The Real World was filmed by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 [quote]Dunbar is a staunch lefty now. Kind of unexpected for a southern boy. What does he do for a living now? I enjoyed his interracial porn with that big black guy with the giant penis. by C. Thomas Howell R150/R152 I was just about to post 'you're welcome.' by C. Thomas Howell reply 153 01/25/2016 Thanks OP, you make me want to wash my eyes out with peroxide. He was always nasty, skinny and dirty looking in his 20s. And not dirty in a good way either. Hes the kind of roommate that brings home crabs an scabies to the communal sofa. by C. Thomas Howell reply 154 01/25/2016 R83 you left out an important detail. Puck picked his nose first and then stuck his finger in the peanut butter. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 I remember barely watching New Orleans and officially stopped watching with Chicago. Both seasons had two blond cunts who made watching a real chore. Or maybe because I was in my early 20s at that point and had outgrown it. The first season had the most likable cast. Second was fun because they all hated each other. I was bored by San Fran. Loved London and thought it had a pretty likable cast as well. They just had no drama after the craziness of LA and San Fran. Boston bored me. Seattle was ok but between that asian cunt and those two knuckleheads the allure started to fade. Funniest RW moment ever was the suicide call. "Are you kidding me?" Hawaii was pretty decent but I couldn't stand Ruthie or that one guy that dated her twin and cried 99% of the time. I saw Ruthie in WeHo not to long after the premier and she was in front of rage with a drink in hand. So that sobriety was short lived...at least back then. Also hated that dumb bitch with the third eye going on. Ugh! by C. Thomas Howell reply 156 01/25/2016 That's true R155. I think Puck was incredibly insensitive to Pedro, and that's pretty much it. He was being true to his douchie self but I don't think he was purposely being malicious. Pedro wad dying, that was lost on him. He was and is an idiot. by C. Thomas Howell reply 157 01/25/2016 I fondly remember Seattle David participating in some RW/RR challenge - it was a wrestling event and he wore a tight red singlet that showed off his hairy thighs and meaty buns. by C. Thomas Howell reply 158 01/25/2016 R156 "The funniest RW moment was the suicide call" What kind of psycho are you? These are real people. Thats fucked up, even for DL. by C. Thomas Howell Didn't Lindsay lose out to Elizabeth Hasslecunt for the 5th co-host position on The View? by C. Thomas Howell reply 161 01/25/2016 R161, no, that was Rachel Campos-Duffy (San Fran). In fact, Rachel tried out thrice for THE VIEW and always came in second. When Debbie Matenopoulos left after two seasons, it was between her and Lisa Ling, but Ling got it. Then when Ling left, it was between her and Hasslebeck, but Hasselbeck got it. After Hasselbeck left, it was between her and Jenny McCarthy, but McCarthy got it. Clearly, they didn't want her. But it's funny that she spent over a decade vying for the seat and was always denied. haha by C. Thomas Howell reply 162 01/25/2016 Kelly from New Orleans 2000 has been married to Scott Wolf for almost 12 years now and they have 3 kids. by C. Thomas Howell reply 163 01/25/2016 It's not that The View didn't want her, it was because the co-hosts loathed her. Joy and Meredith threatened to quit if they hired her. by C. Thomas Howell Steven Hill was a gorgeous specimen of a man but alas, a douche. by C. Thomas Howell reply 176 01/25/2016 R173 aww, Abe was such a cutie pie, and one of the best looking RWers/RRers. At 18 he was much younger than the others who were 2-5 years older. If I recall, the reason they turned on him was because the black chick Gladys was kicked out. It was obvious she had a crush on Abe and acted all jealous when he was with other girls, putting them down to his face and stuff. Eventually, it came to a head, and she pounded on Abe during an argument. Then Abe requested that she leave the show. Since RW/RR have a no-hit policy, she was let go. The two other girls immediately hated Abe from then on and even tried to encourage the two other guys to shun Abe,. This was the show for the rest of the season, which is partly why Abe became so attached to the Chihuahua, because he was usually ignored or kept out of things. by C. Thomas Howell reply 177 01/25/2016 R 176, he's also at least bi. And huge shooter according to someone who had a fling with him. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 R177, Yeah I remember her getting kicked off but had forgot why. I thought the shunning of Abe was because he acted very immature but again he had just barely turned 18 so what did they expect. I wonder if he ever kept the chihuahua. by C. Thomas Howell reply 179 01/25/2016 Abbe from road rules was blond, and he was the hottest dude they ever had. The ultimate buff, jock twink. by C. Thomas Howell reply 180 01/25/2016 If anyone told me 10 yrs ago that Eric Nies would be a budhist hippy I'd laugh in their face. It's amazing where life can take you. by C. Thomas Howell reply 181 01/25/2016 I think that was a different Abe, r180. That Abe was on David Guintoli's season - and was kicked off b/c he pushed or hit another (male) cast member. by C. Thomas Howell 01/25/2016 "Pam and all those like her are heroes." I wouldn't call her a "hero." She and her hubby Judd fed off their dear friend Pedro's corpse for a long time. They were feted and fawned over after this death and enjoyed the free travel and perks they got from being Pedro's friends. Judd Winick's only major success was his graphic novel "Pedro and Me." It proved lucrative, so in other comic book work he prominently featured gay or AIDs oriented themes. But he's not known as being particularly talented and his penchant for characters who are gay and/or have AIDS is just his way of trying to make people think he's a wonderful person. But it's all about money. On one of the early Real World shows Ling stated "I'm an overachiever. I've never failed at anything." And she's humble, too! Winick and Ling both have massive egos, which may be one reason why they became enamored of each other. They love attention. They think they're SO cool. They aren't. by C. Thomas Howell reply 204 01/25/2016 R182 Abe Ingersoll (dark-haired, dark-eyed) was on ROAD RULES: LATIN AMERICA (1999), Abram Boise (blond-blue-eyed) was on ROAD RULES: SOUTH PACIFIC (2003). Abram was kicked out of his season halfway through, because he hit Donell, the big fat guy that did the striptease with David Giuntoli at R141. Cant' say I blame Abram. That Donnell was a nasty bitch who was always goading Abram until he finally snapped. He really had no reason. He just began instigating him from the get-go. My theory was because Abram had the typical blond-blue-eyed looks. reverse racism, if you want to call it. by C. Thomas Howell R176, just on the show? or do you have stories? by C. Thomas Howell reply 206 01/25/2016 I always thought that Frank was the cutest guy on the Las Vegas season. He's the one on the left, and much hotter than Steven Hill (on the right). by C. Thomas Howell reply 207 01/25/2016 I forgot all about Donnell and was confusing him with Darrell who was a hot guy who (I think) also got into it with Abram. by C. Thomas Howell reply 208 01/25/2016 Zach Nichols from the second San Diego season is the hottest RW cast member ever, not to mention being one fine male specimen. He's perfection. by C. Thomas Howell Zach is more than attractive. He's like a Greek statue. by C. Thomas Howell reply 212 01/25/2016 R161 and R162 are both right. Campos made it the furthest, and was in contention for the View multiple times. But Lindsay from Seattle was in the mix, too. They gave her a try out on air at one point. by C. Thomas Howell reply 213 01/25/2016 I couldn't stand the Australian guy (Dom?) and the college guy who was going to become a lawyer, because they were both judgmental and hypocritical. Anyone remember their names, and what season? by C. Thomas Howell reply 214 01/25/2016 Blond Abram Boise became a children's book writer/illustrator. 5 years ago, while promoting his book, he was arrested near my hometown for drunkeness and peeing on a car, and in his jail cell actually pooped in his hand and smeared it all over the walls and was also charged with defacing property. by C. Thomas Howell reply 216 01/25/2016 I think the RW whose personalities most accurately reflected the city it was set in was San Francisco. I jumped the shark after that one. by C. Thomas Howell reply 217 01/25/2016 Coral "I don't wrestle, I beat bitches up!" Smith is a mommy with a cute baby daddy. by C. Thomas Howell reply 218 01/25/2016 R218 Coral and Abram were dating at one point, too. I always thought she was a dyke. by C. Thomas Howell reply 219 01/25/2016 Dom was from Ireland and Aaron didn't become a lawyer but does work in the corporate world. Neither one wants anything to do with the show. Beth S. was on their season and she was able to milk the hell out of that show for years. The cast members used to make good money doing speaking engagements but that tapered off about 15 years ago with the explosion of reality TV. David from Seattle was hygienically challenged and so was David "Come On Be My Baby Tonight", who was busted trying to pick up a hooker. Steven from RW Seattle was arrested for prostitution and eventually came out. Nathan from RW Seattle who was David's roommate at VMI tried for years to break into acting and got a few bit parts but developed a bad drug habit and dropped out of sight. Jay from the London season did eventually come out and was a TV anchor in several markets in the Pacific Northwest. A lot of them hate Bunim-Murray and at one of the reunion shows staged a protest and refused to go on, all they got out of it was tickets to the MTV Movie Awards. They made almost nothing from the show when they were filmed and were furious when they got nothing from syndication and DVD sales (which wasn't much). That being said, the challenges for many of them are their only real source of income. by C. Thomas Howell Julie(t) (RW Nola) seems less intense now and her husband is a handsome doctor . by C. Thomas Howell reply 230 01/25/2016 [quote]He actually pooped in his hand and smeared it all over the walls and was also charged with defacing property. Defecing property then. Eww! reply 231 01/25/2016 I just found out from the article below that David from RW Seattle and CT from RW Paris are cousins. They grew up in pre-gentrification Charlestown in Boston. That makes sense, because they were both the kind of hot working class East Coast guys I've always loved. by C. Thomas Howell R234 how do you mean? by C. Thomas Howell reply 235 01/26/2016 He was easily the most aggressive of any of the Real Worlders in his behavior, which is saying A LOT. He wasn't horrible on his season but on the challenges he really developed into a thug. by C. Thomas Howell reply 236 01/26/2016 IIRC, CT was removed from one of the Challenge shows after he sucker punched a gay kid. by C. Thomas Howell reply 237 01/26/2016 CT bullied Adam during his season of TRW. Adam is the son of one of the Commodores. by C. Thomas Howell reply 238 01/26/2016 Justin and his husband Mark are actually very good people and very good for each other. They met when they were 16, Mark was in the closet and both were unhappy (and Justin obnoxious). After they got together, Justin must have changed, because when I knew them when I was in Brooklyn several years ago, they could not have been nicer as individuals and as a couple. Justin never had a mean or condescending thing to say and was always incredible generous and kind. Take that for what you want, but knowing old Justin only from TV and post-marriage Justin, he's a much better person. by C. Thomas Howell Wasn't there a psychotic gay kid on the second season done in New Orleans? by C. Thomas Howell reply 243 01/26/2016 True, R342, but the point is he's a better person now, which is what I found a nice surprise relative to the show, but once I got to know him he was always kind. Considering the train wrecks from the show, it's nice to see he hasn't turned out the other way around. I should also say I never met Danny Roberts, but once I was with an elderly colleague for dinner (also in NY) and Danny and his friend or BF at the time were complete assholes at the table next to us. I actually heard one of them make a comment loud enough to the effect that I was waiting for him to die (I think it was Danny because his voice was familiar). My colleague was actually ill that day, and when we had to leave dinner to get him home (and the hospital the next day), Danny looked right at us said "ch-ching". If I hadn't been trying to get my colleague to a cab I would've told him what I thought. I'm sure most people would've thought Danny is the nice one and Justin is the jerk, but things turned out the other way, from what I saw. by C. Thomas Howell reply 244 01/26/2016 [quote] Jay from the London season did eventually come out and was a TV anchor in several markets in the Pacific Northwest. That will come as a surprise to his wife. by C. Thomas Howell reply 245 01/26/2016 [quote]He didn't bathe regularly ... and I think Janet or Lindsay said his breath smelled awful. At one point on the show, the blond, Becky< walks into the room and is a good six or so feet away from him and comments on his bad body odor. Now that is just funky. I went to high school with Nathan's fat, needy girlfriend from that season. I also was taking a summer course at a local community college (video production) and one of my classmates was a casting assistant for Bunim-Murray. She wanted me to make an audition tape and said they'd love me (I'd have ended up with the Hawaii cast) but I refused because at that point that show was a joke and no one who had any real dreams of making it was ever going to with that show hanging over their head. by C. Thomas Howell So what plays has he written? by C. Thomas Howell reply 249 01/26/2016 [quote]Coral "I don't wrestle, I beat bitches up!" Smith is a mommy with a cute baby daddy. What? But Coral is a lesbian. I knew girls who went out with her in SF. She always dated Asian girls. by C. Thomas Howell reply 250 01/26/2016 I'm surprised Abram is a children's book author because he is truly psychotic. Not just a little crazy but someone who would hurt you. He's in the current season of The Challenge: Blood Vs. Water with his brother. You could watch it now On Demand or on the MTV app to see his behavior. He went crazy on the After Show too. Thomas said he fears for his life. Cara Marie wants to dump him and run away but can't get away. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 From Jay Frank's Facebook (thanks for the link - reply 245) : "Opening night! Check me out as "your old softie" Burt Healy in ACT's production of "Annie" at Richland High School. It's a memory lane cameo appearance . . . 26 years ago I played Daddy Warbucks as a seventh grader." by C. Thomas Howell reply 252 01/26/2016 Jay is doing high school productions? Is this weird since he doesn't have high school age kids going to the school? The school would just let any old man in their production? by C. Thomas Howell reply 254 01/26/2016 He's still waiting for his big break, apparently. He's got kind of a Tommy Tune-Tony Randall thing going on. I don't know why Broadway hasn't been knocking on his door. It's a shame that he's wasting his massive talent doing High School productions. I still don't understand why those twits in London's theatre district didn't jump at the opportunity to stage "Jay Frank's Bedroom" when he went around, door to door, offering it to them. Their loss. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 I can't believe they're still doing the Challenges. Just end it already! There was a guy from Chicago who was on Days of our Lives for a while. I think his name was Kyle? He had a giant square head, but a good body, and was a total douche in Chicago. But this list of non-douche RW guys is a very, very short one. by C. Thomas Howell reply 256 01/26/2016 [quote]I'm surprised Abram is a children's book author because he is truly psychotic. Not just a little crazy but someone who would hurt you. Don't you ever find the combination of White Trash and Crazy hot? by C. Thomas Howell reply 257 01/26/2016 Any reality TV insiders who know the deal about Danny hooking up with Adam Larson from RR: The Quest? Danny was on WWHL a few years ago and wouldn't name names, but said he'd gotten with a now straight-married guy during the filming of one of the challenges. There were a few other candidates, but it pretty clear he was talking about Adam. by C. Thomas Howell reply 258 01/26/2016 Kyle Brandt. He's a Producer on Jim Rome's radio show now. He gets on air sometimes. I guess his acting career is over. Tonya Cooley, who also was on the Chicago season, sued MTV claiming that she was raped with a toothbrush, while she was passed out, by Kenny and Evan, during one of the challenge seasons. An out of court settlement was reached : by C. Thomas Howell Mix and Coral dated?!? When? They were from the same season. I can't picture them dating. by C. Thomas Howell reply 263 01/26/2016 [quote]didn't jump at the opportunity to stage "Jay Frank's Bedroom" when he went around, door to door, offering it to them. Their loss. Did he really go door to door on The Real World London? What was Bedroom about? by C. Thomas Howell reply 264 01/26/2016 Is Zach Latino? In the latest episode of The Challenge: Blood Vs. Water, Zach came back with his partner CT and had a shaved head. I did not recognize him at all. I thought it was a Mexican guy from a season I haven't watched. That guy's beauty really was all in his hair. by C. Thomas Howell I take it we will be spared Tonya ever being on MTV again. Personally, I think she was lying. by C. Thomas Howell reply 267 01/26/2016 The Miz was just in a movie about saving Christmas with Paige and that girl from 90210. by C. Thomas Howell reply 268 01/26/2016 R264 no, that poster was being ironic, because Jay's castmates used to tease him about being a 'slacker,' because they didn't think he was taking the opportunity of being in London to shop around his plays/ideas. But at R266 pointed out, Jay only had a tourist visa, not a work one, so he couldn't even do volunteer work at a playhouse. He explained this to his roommates. He eventually did put on his one-man show BEDROOM for his roommates in their apartment. by C. Thomas Howell reply 269 01/26/2016 MTV Canada has full episodes of the Real World London. This is the episode where he performs his play for the housemates. It's at around the 15 minute mark. (Sorry if this doesn't work outside of Canada) : by C. Thomas Howell reply 270 01/26/2016 So do Kenny and Evan have to pay the settlement out of their own pockets? I take it they're banned from doing any more Challenges. No wonder I haven't seen them lately. by C. Thomas Howell reply 271 01/26/2016 Mike/Miz and Coral were not in a relationship. Ever. They were in the same season BACK TO NY (where they hated each other) and subsequent CHALLENGEs (where they were friendlier, but nothing more). Coral and Abram were together for a while, though. by C. Thomas Howell Jay does the play in his underwear? Was it a sex play? by C. Thomas Howell reply 273 01/26/2016 I can't believe I remember all of these people and all these details. Do you think the kids today will remember the current Real World cast members as fondly in 10 years? Probably not. They would all be forgotten. I can't even name anyone in the current cast and all their millennial problems just seem stupid and not deep and important like it was in the first seasons. by C. Thomas Howell reply 274 01/26/2016 Heather B has a YouTube channel where she makes some interesting cocktails. She'd be fun to get drunk with. by C. Thomas Howell reply 275 01/26/2016 I see your Heather B channel and raise with C'mon be my baby tonight's (David Broom) YouTube cooking channel : by C. Thomas Howell David from Seattle has a really thick dick. Like beer can sized thick. by C. Thomas Howell reply 279 01/26/2016 Jake Bronstein from ROAD RULES: ISLANDS used to have a blog ten years ago. In one entry he posted a dick pic with the following story: [quote]Let me just begin by saying I could I could build the drama—I could weave this into a fascinating tale, ripe with clever adjectives, ridiculous analogies and unforeseen twists—but that’s what I get paid to do. No body’s paying me for this, so instead I’m just going to lay out the facts as best as I remember them. [quote]Last September FHM sent me to South Padre Island in search of strippers posing as collage girls to enter and win wet t-shirt and hot-body contests. Having never really gone to collage, this was my first spring break experience. It was absolutely bananas. I got there a day before our photo-team so I could find the articles subject. It was easily the craziest day of my life. The place was nuts. Couches on the beach. Fights. Kegs being dragged around. And Girls everywhere. At least ten grabbed me while I was walking by and just started making out. Really, these girls were going wild. But none of them wanted to come back to my room. I was probably the only guy there who wasn’t sharing his room with 10 other dudes, but apparently it wasn’t that kind of party. [quote] At 4 AM I wandered back to my room drunk, horney and, well, drunk. Did I mention horney? I remembered that in my Spring Break Kit (the little box of freebees they leave in room at Radison South Padre) there’d been a bottle of lotion. Without even turning on the lights, I grabbed the lotion, took a towel from the bathroom, undressed, laid down on the bed and took care of business. When I was done I wiped myself off, tossed the towel and passed out. When I woke up in the morning I was wrapped up in the top sheet. Gross. [quote]But there was something else too. It took me a second or two to realize, but my crotch felt itchy, dry and just plain irritated. Even before I untangled myself from the polyester cover, I noticed the bottle: Jergens Soft Shimmer Skin Radiance Moisturizer—that’s right, the crap I’d rubbed so thoroughly into my tender man-bits had gold glitter in. And thus, I had created the world’s first golden penis. PLEASE NOTE: Before you look below, the colors and clarity on this web-site do my little man no justice. Really, it's hard to apreciate the depth of the sparkle. The golden sheen. It really was quite awesome. (If anyone knows the technical reason for the loss in color and clarity, please email me...) [quote]But before you get all excited and coat your own Johnson in sparkly stuff, examine the picture above carefully. Yeah it’s gold, but can you see the undercoat of irritation. Even after showering it itched. I was limping around for at least the next day or so. Unfortunately, the photos are no longer visible, but I did save this one: by C. Thomas Howell reply 280 01/26/2016 Jake Bronstein from ROAD RULES: ISLANDS (1997) used to have a blog ten years ago. In one entry, he posted a dick pic with the following story: *** Let me just begin by saying I could I could build the drama—I could weave this into a fascinating tale, ripe with clever adjectives, ridiculous analogies and unforeseen twists—but that’s what I get paid to do. No body’s paying me for this, so instead I’m just going to lay out the facts as best as I remember them. Last September FHM sent me to South Padre Island in search of strippers posing as collage girls to enter and win wet t-shirt and hot-body contests. Having never really gone to collage, this was my first spring break experience. It was absolutely bananas. I got there a day before our photo-team so I could find the articles subject. It was easily the craziest day of my life. The place was nuts. Couches on the beach. Fights. Kegs being dragged around. And Girls everywhere. At least ten grabbed me while I was walking by and just started making out. Really, these girls were going wild. But none of them wanted to come back to my room. I was probably the only guy there who wasn’t sharing his room with 10 other dudes, but apparently it wasn’t that kind of party. At 4 AM I wandered back to my room drunk, horney and, well, drunk. Did I mention horney? I remembered that in my Spring Break Kit (the little box of freebees they leave in room at Radison South Padre) there’d been a bottle of lotion. Without even turning on the lights, I grabbed the lotion, took a towel from the bathroom, undressed, laid down on the bed and took care of business. When I was done I wiped myself off, tossed the towel and passed out. When I woke up in the morning I was wrapped up in the top sheet. Gross. But there was something else too. It took me a second or two to realize, but my crotch felt itchy, dry and just plain irritated. Even before I untangled myself from the polyester cover, I noticed the bottle: Jergens Soft Shimmer Skin Radiance Moisturizer—that’s right, the crap I’d rubbed so thoroughly into my tender man-bits had gold glitter in. And thus, I had created the world’s first golden penis. PLEASE NOTE: Before you look below, the colors and clarity on this web-site do my little man no justice. Really, it's hard to apreciate the depth of the sparkle. The golden sheen. It really was quite awesome. (If anyone knows the technical reason for the loss in color and clarity, please email me...) But before you get all excited and coat your own Johnson in sparkly stuff, examine the picture above carefully. Yeah it’s gold, but can you see the undercoat of irritation. Even after showering it itched. I was limping around for at least the next day or so. *** Unfortunately, the photos are no longer visible, but I did manage to save this one: by C. Thomas Howell reply 283 01/26/2016 [quote] Any reality TV insiders who know the deal about Danny hooking up with Adam Larson from RR: The Quest? Danny was on WWHL a few years ago and wouldn't name names, but said he'd gotten with a now straight-married guy during the filming of one of the challenges. There were a few other candidates, but it pretty clear he was talking about Adam. The link below discusses Danny on WWHL, however, if you read the comments at the bottom of the page, the people "in the know" seem to think that it was Steven Hill from the Las Vegas season. People point out that Adam wasn't even married at the time that Danny made his comments. [quote] Abram Boise today. He looks completely insane, marking up his body like that. The commenter who said that he's a psycho, wasn't kidding. by C. Thomas Howell reply 284 01/26/2016 I thought Chadwick from RR Australia was super cute but he turned out to be a real douche, first on his season, then on the RR/RW Challenge season that he did with his wife Holly (RR Maximum Velocity) - both of them were holier-than-thou cunts. by C. Thomas Howell reply 288 01/26/2016 [quote]Does anybody remember pocket-size Joe from Miami? More specifically, his Amazonian girlfriend Nicole? Was she a trannie? I remember Joe and Nicole. I remember she hated Joe's roommates and they hated her too. Melissa and Cynthia were the more vocal ones and they trashed Nicole in the confessionals. IIRC, Joe and Nicole broke up. In 2000, MTV had a reunion show for some of the seasons. Joe showed up unexpectedly to the reunion. He had some kind of career in the tech world. I really liked the Miami minus Sarah the skateboarder chick. by C. Thomas Howell reply 289 01/26/2016 I couldn't stand that guy David from NO. The song he wrote was actually a direct steal from "Luck Be a Lady Tonight" and it made me crazy that nobody called him on it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 290 01/26/2016 Melissa is the one I couldn't stand from NOLA 2000. She tried too hard to be funny and was always picking a fight with people. I remember she almost got fired at their job, because she threw a chair across the room. by C. Thomas Howell reply 291 01/26/2016 I remember Heather B mostly for the awesome fall she had when out walking a big dog. The dog took off running across the street and poor Heather B was jerked right off her feet and went sprawling head first to the pavement. Funny, but I remember they were playing "Finally" by CeCe Peniston as Heather lay face down on the street. by C. Thomas Howell reply 292 01/26/2016 Remember Road Rules:Europe? I loved that season. I think one of the female cast members from that season died. by C. Thomas Howell reply 293 01/26/2016 [quote]I couldn't stand that guy David from NO. The song he wrote was actually a direct steal from "Luck Be a Lady Tonight" and it made me crazy that nobody called him on it. Because his song was ridiculous and they were clearly making fun of him with it. by C. Thomas Howell I love those Heather B. Youtube cocktail videos. I'm already addicted. by C. Thomas Howell reply 296 01/26/2016 CT is sex wrapped up in a big, muscular mountain of a body. Sure, he can be a major jerk, but he could still get it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 297 01/26/2016 Laterrian Wallace from RR: Maximum Velocity was another hottie. There's no sound in this video, but who needs it with that bod on display? by C. Thomas Howell reply 298 01/26/2016 James Orlando was another hot guy from RR: Max Velocity. He had quite a bubble butt if I remember correctly. by C. Thomas Howell reply 299 01/26/2016 I was at a urinal once with James and he had a nice dick. I was also at a uninal twice with Yes. by C. Thomas Howell R300 were they cut or uncut? Jeez, why do people always neglect to include the details? by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 [quote]Christ, how old are you peeps? I'm 46. The first season of the Real World aired shortly after I graduated college. Do you have any other questions? You seem particularly challenged by numbers. Question for you: How old are YOU that you still use outdated slang like "peeps?" by C. Thomas Howell reply 304 01/26/2016 We all went to the same school so it was all by chance. I regret never running into Colin at the urinal. He, Malek, Victoria, Margaret, James, Yes all went to my school. by C. Thomas Howell reply 305 01/26/2016 I saw CT in person. He definitely has some type of animal magnetism. Would love to mount him and ride him silly. by C. Thomas Howell reply 306 01/26/2016 They were both cut. James had a big nutsack too. It was weird that he took his balls out too when he peed. Then instead of shaking his dick, he pushed his balls up to get the last drops. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]Christ, how old are you peeps? How old are YOU? Twelve? by C. Thomas Howell reply 310 01/26/2016 [quote]They were both cut. James had a big nutsack too. It was weird that he took his balls out too when he peed. Then instead of shaking his dick, he pushed his balls up to get the last drops. Wow, that's a lot of detail. You sure he didn't see you looking? by C. Thomas Howell reply 311 01/26/2016 I remember that Belou from RR Europe was extremely psychotic and suicidal. I'll never forget her basically just casually trying to throw herself out the window of a castle and would have been successful if her castmates hadn't reacted quickly enough to pull her back in. by C. Thomas Howell I remember Ballou being, how do you say...Motherfucking crazy? by C. Thomas Howell reply 313 01/26/2016 And on the topic of challenges... my favorite cast member was Katie. They tried repeatedly to get rid of her but the bitch just wouldn't go. I loved how ferociously she hated Veronica and would go off like a mental case. I'll never forget when they threw her into the Inferno and the challenge was that they had to hold their breath under sour milk. Whoever lasted the longest would be saved from elimination. I fucking loved that Katie knew her teammates threw her in to get rid of her and she basically said someone would have to tell her when she won because she was staying under no matter what... even if she drowned... and she meant it. The bitch was a heavy smoker and she outlasted the other person. She was satisfied that her teammates were disappointed she'd won. by C. Thomas Howell reply 314 01/26/2016 I fucking loved Katie. She was hilarious. Here's the sour milk inferno and the epic Katie vs Veronica fight. by C. Thomas Howell reply 315 01/26/2016 Karamo from Philly is frequently on Dr. Drew's show on HLN. He is the world's most earnest SJW now. by C. Thomas Howell reply 316 01/26/2016 R173 R177 Abe from RR Latin America was very cute, but I remember a whole lot came out after the show about why people didn't like him. From what I recall, he hacked into MTV or MBP and got a ton of information about his castmates. He and Gladys didn't get along and I think he revealed that he knew all this stuff about her (either she'd had a kid very young or an abortion) which was why she really freaked out on him. Towards the end he asked that she be brought back to the show because he felt responsible (though I imagine the rest of the cast freezing him out helped), but production wouldn't allow it. He was young and he wrote about the whole thing after the fact. Seemed like a decent person. I also, of course, remember that he was uncut. There was a scene with them all getting into a hot tub naked and the girls were disgusted and had to look away because of it. Another guy from that season (Brian?) was the worst. I remember them being in Mexico and helping locals pick through garbage for supplies. Obviously an unpleasant thing to do, but he went on this rant about "this is why I live in America." Uh, no, asshole, you live in America because you were lucky enough to be born there and into relative prosperity. Then they totally shamed him by giving him a gift. by C. Thomas Howell reply 317 01/26/2016 Melissa from NOLA was the one who tried to rally the gang against Mary Alice Bunim, the producer. She was the evil one in their eyes. Bunim died and John Murray sold the production company a few years ago though he is an advisor. Remember when Neil from RW London responded to a heckler by jumping offstage and shoving his tongue in the guy's mouth? And the guy responded by biting Neil's tongue in half? Remember when tough guy Danny from RW Austin mouthed off to the wrong dude and got his head bashed in so badly that he suffered brain damage? That happened after the season wrapped filming but the effects of the beating were evident when he showed up on a Challenge with his fiancee a few years later. I think he's blind in one eye. Landon....Landon....Landon. My god, he's not my type, but that guy was physical fucking perfection. And this is a tough crowd full of hot guys. Forget Zach, Landon was where it was at. by C. Thomas Howell reply 319 01/26/2016 [quote]Then instead of shaking his dick, he pushed his balls up to get the last drops. I do the same thing. Airs them out. by C. Thomas Howell reply 320 01/26/2016 This is your idea of physical perfection, R318? You have lower standards than most DLers. But then, this is the 'Brandon Is King' website. by C. Thomas Howell reply 321 01/26/2016 Landon, though hot, was nothing when compared to Zach in the looks and sheer animalistic sexiness department. And he had gayvoice to boot. by C. Thomas Howell reply 322 01/26/2016 Zach is hot but he caught a lot of shit for treating his female partner like crap and making some misogynistic comments on last season's Challenge. by C. Thomas Howell reply 323 01/26/2016 R314 Another good one from the challenges was Sarah from Road Rules. They kept on trying to get her out and she kept on beating the other people she was put up against. by C. Thomas Howell Hold your fucking tits you stupid BITCH! by C. Thomas Howell reply 326 01/26/2016 Yes, r324 - loved Sarah - most of the others on her team treated her like shit, including one of the cast members who was on her original RR season. I think David Guintoli (who came off as a genuine nice guy) and his girlfriend were her only allies on the RR team. She was a real underdog and I was so happy for her when her team won but only for her (if I recall, it was Coral who lost it for the RW team because she got stung by a bee or something). Of course, Sarah wouldn't make it past Day 1 of the challenges that have now which are, IMO, too extreme. Hope she's doing well. by C. Thomas Howell reply 327 01/26/2016 [quote]The link below discusses Danny on WWHL, however, if you read the comments at the bottom of the page, the people "in the know" seem to think that it was Steven Hill from the Las Vegas season. But Danny was only on one Challenge, and Steven wasn't on that season and Adam was. I think it was even before the first Vegas season anyway. Also, if Trishelle is the source, I don't know how much stock I'd put in it. Plus (and I can't believe I remember this) they were having some kind of truth or dare game, and someone asked Adam who he thought the hottest person there was, and he said Sean. And didn't seem to be kidding, either. Since the RR guys tending to be more athletic, they usually had the best bodies. I'm surprised we don't remember them as well. I always hoped Yes and I would see each other across a crowded room and realize we were destined to be together. Alas. by C. Thomas Howell reply 328 01/26/2016 Yes, loved Sarah too but I couldn't remember her name. I remember they tried to get rid of her multiple times and she just kept hanging in there. I remember one specific challenge that maybe had to do with riding a bull or something like that and it was the last time they could send her in and get rid of her. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]someone asked Adam who he thought the hottest person there was, and he said Sean. Who is Sean? Pedro's boyfriend? by C. Thomas Howell reply 330 01/26/2016 I felt bad for Sarah because the guys would use, manipulate, and treat her like shit every season she appeared on the show. They knew they could do it over and over again and get away with it because Sarah desperately wanted to be one of the guys. by C. Thomas Howell reply 331 01/26/2016 Danny also said in that Challenge, Stephen from Real World Seattle would stand over him naked and watch him sleep. He woke up one time and saw him and it scared him. by C. Thomas Howell Because Beth was very annoying. It was funny, and she wasn't hurt badly by it. by C. Thomas Howell reply 357 01/26/2016 Kyle Brant from the Chicago season ended up playing Phillip on days of our lives....I actually tried out for RW - I got to final casting. by C. Thomas Howell reply 358 01/26/2016 What happened to David in RW LA was a lynching of his character in which Tami was totally complicit...although it was that horrid cunt Beth's doing. This is a perfect example of black folks fucking over their brothers and sisters which I find disturbing, I'm not saying that if David was trying to rape or even mash Tami that she should smile and allow it because he is black, but she so easily was swayed by Beth's egging her on. I cannot believe that he never sued MTV for ruining his reputation in front of a national audience. I have to believe that if it had occurred in this day and time, it would have been handled with a great deal more sensitivity. To the poster upthread who said that Zach shaved his head and is no longer hot, I find that nearly impossible to believe. He could shave his head, paint himself green and wear a clown nose and he would still be hot IMHO. by C. Thomas Howell reply 359 01/26/2016 Does anyone remember when they were doing the casting for NOLA 2000? One of the candidates was a blonde chick, whose father lived in an abandoned car in the woods or something. They showed her visiting him. She seemed very nice and not your typical middle-class co-ed RW often cast. I was rooting for her, but in the end they went with Melissa. Ugh! by C. Thomas Howell Irene joined in with Beth making a mountain out of molehill with the Tami/David incident. by C. Thomas Howell reply 361 01/26/2016 My other favorite thing from the LA season was when MTV forced them to go on an Outward Bound adventure to try and bond. They bonded, but it was because the two instructors were such assholes that they all banded together to defend each other. by C. Thomas Howell reply 362 01/26/2016 LA Beth was the one trying to convince all the former castmembers to strike during one of the big reunions, wasn't she? Not realizing that since they weren't unionized they had no standing and were opening themselves up to a massive breach of contract from Bunim-Murray, IIRC. by C. Thomas Howell Maybe we're thinking of different things. by C. Thomas Howell reply 367 01/26/2016 Nevemrind, Melissa was part of the "Inside Out" reunion, but from what I can recollect, Beth also played a big part in trying to get everyone to strike. by C. Thomas Howell reply 368 01/26/2016 Boston : Remember when Montana gave WINE to little kids- wow that was Fing dumb! Her boyfriend VAJ was so FUG. Elkas boyfriend Walter was smoking hot. Genesis was the most boring dyke evah! Jason looked unclean and was that annoying "new age wussy man " of the 90s that was everywhere. Sean was dumb as a box of hair. He and Rachel were made for each other.bleh. by C. Thomas Howell [quote]Genesis was the most boring dyke evah! She may have been boring, but I remember her being absolutely beautiful. Considering how dykey RW LA Beth Anthony was, it was quite a difference. Of course, then Beth A showed up one of the Challenges and had grown her hair out and looked like a completely different person. [quote]I forgot about Montana and the wine... what were the specifics again? They had taken the kids on a field trip to some event where Bill Clinton was speaking. One of the at-risk kids asked Montana for a sip of her wine, and she stupidly gave it to him. I think one of the other castmembers might have gotten in trouble for drinking in front of the kids, but no one else was stupid enough to pass the bottle around. by C. Thomas Howell I forgot there were two Beth's on the LA Cast. by C. Thomas Howell reply 372 01/26/2016 Karamo and his bf are engaged. Whatever happened to the other gay guy on his season? I think his name was Will. by C. Thomas Howell reply 373 01/26/2016 Well, Lesbian Beth only came in to replace Irene once she got married and went off to wherever she went. The Valley, IIRC. Maybe I'm remembering this wrong, but I recall being really impressed by how compassionate and supportive Jon was towards Tami after her abortion. That's not the reaction I would have expected out of a good ole boy who's a pastor now. And the time Tami got her jaw wired shut to lose weight. by C. Thomas Howell Karamo's not the most handsome guy, but damn, he has a body for days! by C. Thomas Howell reply 375 01/26/2016 I recall Jon being one of those who grew a lot by the end of the show and was deep down a decent person. I think all the women were protective of him while the other guys bullied him by C. Thomas Howell reply 376 01/26/2016 I tend to think that Dom and Aaron were secretly fucking. They were really close, and neither one wants anything to do with the show anymore. Beth TOTALLY instigated DavidGate. Tami really was laughing, and probably wouldn't have thought anything of the horseplay if Beth had never said the word "rape". Once Irene joined in, that was all she wrote. They were the first cast to kick a cast member out. Soon after, Tami left the house for a brief period of time and got pregnant, hence the subsequent abortion. by C. Thomas Howell reply 377 01/26/2016 Tami was so self-absorbed and insufferable it was hard to find her sympathetic during the whole David drama. She did seem to be having fun (at least at first) so I never understood how it got so out of hand. Beth definitely played up the drama and made the situation much worse than it might have been. by C. Thomas Howell reply 378 01/26/2016 I remember David being totally offended when Jon wanted to hang his Confederate flag in their room. by C. Thomas Howell Here's Tyler Duckworth from RW Key West, presenting hole! by C. Thomas Howell reply 380 01/26/2016 [quote]I think all the women were protective of him while the other guys bullied him IIRC, he was the youngest and Irene was the eldest and she was very maternal towards him. I remember being in high school during some of the first seasons and thinking that all of the castmembers were these incredibly sophisticated, worldly people. And then by the time I was in my mid-twenties, I was either a peer or slightly older, and they'd started to cast for drama instead of interesting personalities, and the current casts all seemed like such tools. by C. Thomas Howell reply 381 01/26/2016 Anyone who has followed Tami's career would never try to paint her as such a gullible shrinking violet. Beth was definitely a cunty indicator and Irene was a melodramatic cop with something to prove, but Tami doesn't need anyone's help to exploit a situation and get what she can out of it. That broad would knock over her granny for a nickel... by C. Thomas Howell reply 383 01/26/2016 Tami's ex, basketball player Kenny Anderson, divorced her and didn't pay child support. She had to go on welfare for a time. by C. Thomas Howell reply 384 01/26/2016 [quote] Whatever happened to the other gay guy on his season? I think his name was Will. Willie Hernandez: Willie continued acting, and is apparently a personal shopper. by C. Thomas Howell reply 385 01/26/2016 I remember thinking that Timmy from Road Rules and Christian had a lot of sexual tension... perhaps they were just an early version of brahs. by C. Thomas Howell reply 386 01/26/2016 These people were such an important part of our lives. There's a lot of nostalgia and emotion tied to them. by C. Thomas Howell Remember when Tami was the black Peg in an episode of Married With Children? by C. Thomas Howell reply 388 01/26/2016 [quote]These people were such an important part of our lives. There's a lot of nostalgia and emotion tied to them. That, and I really do think that MTV's insistence on have the casts be as diverse as possible--especially including the gay housemates at a time when that just didn't happen--did a lot for the mindsets of people who are now starting to run the world. And being able to see Norm or Pedro go out on a date (and *KISS* the other guy!) blew my teenaged mind. by C. Thomas Howell reply 389 01/26/2016 It's likely DOPE and BOOZE. He has been aged. Too much red meat. Too many drunken nights. Too many ugly scenes with difficult people wanting his money and fame. The delusion of being a "star" sheds its ugly truth! The want of money, drink, drugs and material things take their toll on the accursed ones. He's done. He's burned out. Not even plastic surgery and dental work will return his face to its lovely youth. He's so over. You've stopped masturbating over him, haven't you? His ugly visage makes your dick limp now, doesn't it. You jack it harder and harder in your delusional fantasy of what was. Put on a tape with Brian Pumper. Look at that black man's hot, muscular body. His big cock. Hear Brian's dirty mouth. Listen to the wailings from the cunts suffering under the brunt of his cock's penetration! This is who you should masturbate to: A BLACK GOD! Bow to our black masters. Beseech them to enslave you! by C. Thomas Howell reply 390 01/26/2016 I tend to agree with the poster upthread speculating about LA Dom and Aaron. They were tighter than two ticks, and the fact that they have completely disassociated from the show and MTV is also somewhat odd. Aaron majorly pinged to me that season. I am always skeptical of the Xtian good boy who is waiting for marriage but is not against a Handy here or a bj there. Dom did not ping, but Aaron was rather stunning in that Cali beach boy surfer way, and since Dom was always half in the bag, he may have succumbed to the experience. I would stake my life that John is also gay, but I seriously doubt that he has or ever will acknowledge it. I too was taken with his growth over the season, and as dorky ass he was in many ways, he was obviously a decent, kind fella. by C. Thomas Howell Remember when Aaron freaked over Beth S. wall papering the house with his surfer boy pics? by C. Thomas Howell reply 395 01/26/2016 There used to be a guy at my gym that I swore was Mike the Miz... looked exactly like him and he liked to play around in the steam room. I later found out that Mike had actually moved into my area of town while trying to make something happen in LA. by C. Thomas Howell reply 396 01/26/2016 [quote] LA Dom and Aaron ... were tighter than two ticks, and the fact that they have completely disassociated from the show and MTV is also somewhat odd. Aaron majorly pinged to me that season. I googled Aaron Behle and he must be loaded with cash. He was VP of Skullcandy, and has now moved on to become CEO of a different corporation. No mention of a wife, though. Here's a recent photo of him. by C. Thomas Howell reply 398 01/26/2016 [quote]Remember when Aaron freaked over Beth S. wall papering the house with his surfer boy pics? It wasn't even that. It was some kind of Hunk of the Month calendar he'd done as a fundraising thing for his frat (you're no Warwick Rowers Club, Aaron). She did it after he flat-out denied that he would ever do anything like that. She wasn't the most likable person, but he was also awful to her. I also remembered a visit from her mother, who hosted a polka radio show as "The Polish Voice of Cleveland," who did not put up with his shit. She was awesome, and made Beth more likable by proxy. [quote]Here's a recent photo of him. The Cali sun be a harsh mistress. by C. Thomas Howell Forget Puck, WTF happened to Aaron? He looks like he gained 100 lbs. by C. Thomas Howell reply 400 01/26/2016 I remember Aaron freaked out on Beth saying that that kind of thing could ruin his... was it political aspirations? by C. Thomas Howell reply 401 01/26/2016 Howcome no one ever mentions the Real World Hollywood season? Was it that horrible? Come to think of it, I can't even remember one of the cast members, with the exception of Joey Kovar, the cute muscle guy who overdosed. [quote] WTF happened to Aaron? Give him a break. He's in his mid-40's and a corporate executive who probably doesn't get to work out much. I think he still looks good. by C. Thomas Howell Aaron's face wasn't even that great while on the show. Not shocking he turned out to be a bloated troll face His body was his moneymaker back in '93 by C. Thomas Howell reply 403 01/26/2016 Jay showed up to one of the reunion after parties with a man that was identified as his boyfriend. Kenny Anderson actually gave Tami a sizable settlement when the initially divorced. She had a Hummer with custom plates that read HISMONEY. Elka and Walter got married and divorced in a very short period of time. Genesis showed up to one of the reunions with a lookalike girlfriend and both looked like Barbies/Playmates. A lot of the cast members from RR/RW hate Julie from NOLA because at one time her mother was the one handling a large amount of speaking gigs for RW/RR cast members. Melissa from NOLA found out from a group that wanted to book her that Julie's mother was taking away bookings from other cast members and giving them to Julie (an organization wanted a particular cast member to speak, Julie's mother told them the cast member wasn't available and substituted Julie instead when the cast member was available) and had done that with a number of other cast members. Jacinda had a legit acting career, but for the most part she was scenery. She also was in a number of failed TV shows. by C. Thomas Howell reply 404 01/26/2016 So the 3 biggest cunts were Julie Stouffer (New Orleans), Tonya Cooley (Chicago) and Trishelle (Las Vegas)? by C. Thomas Howell reply 405 01/26/2016 Jay strikes me as the type who might believe he can pray the gay away. Marry the pretty co-worker for PR and then secretly get off with the chorus boys in your self-produced showcase. by C. Thomas Howell reply 406 01/26/2016 David Guintoli is currently starring in the Michael Bay movie 13 Hours with John Krasinski. Grimm just went into cindycation so he's making millions. He's got to be the most successful Real Worlder ever. by C. Thomas Howell reply 407 01/26/2016 Joey Kovar from RW Hollywood died from opiate intoxication in 2012. He had several freakouts during his season, and actually left the show to go into rehab briefly, returning before the season ended. He posed nude for Playgirl in 2011. by C. Thomas Howell reply 408 01/26/2016 I still say the Miz is the most successful. He was WWE champion which puts him on the same list as hulk hogan and the rock by C. Thomas Howell reply 409 01/26/2016 I remember the whole Julie thing and her mom managing a bunch of them. Seemed weird since.. wasn't Julie a Mormon whose family disapproved of her being on the show? And didn't she subsequently get kicked out of school? by C. Thomas Howell reply 412 01/26/2016 And didn't Melissa get proven right? Didn't Julie show herself to be one shady bitch on the RR/RW Battles? by C. Thomas Howell reply 413 01/26/2016 So, what happened to Neal from London? His girlfriend sent him a pig heart with a nail through it. He hated Americans. He was cute. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 Dave Giuntoli is very handsome. I was just watching Grimm the other day, and I had no idea that he was on Road Rules. What a coincidence. by C. Thomas Howell reply 415 01/26/2016 [quote]I still say the Miz is the most successful. He was WWE champion which puts him on the same list as hulk hogan and the rock Same as Hulk Hogan and The Rock? Yeah, right. No one even knows who he is outside of the WWE. Plus they don't pay better than being on 5 seasons of a network hit show and a Michael Bay movie. by C. Thomas Howell I didn't say same as, I said on the same list as. If you are so sure of your point, you don't need to edit my words. The point is that he achieved the pinnacle of his profession. Grimm played on Friday nights for a reason and I guarantee more people follow pro wrestling than some awful nbc show. I bet their net worth is comparable at worst. by C. Thomas Howell reply 418 01/26/2016 Remember when Julie tried to kill Veronica on one of the challenges during a zip line competition? I know Veronica is very annoying, but watch out for crazy money hungry Mormons! by C. Thomas Howell Not all psychos are a David, but all Davids are definitely a psycho... by C. Thomas Howell reply 431 01/26/2016 I can't lie, Veronica kicking her stubby little legs while looking terrified makes me laugh. Julie was crazy though. by C. Thomas Howell 01/26/2016 Clip mentioned above of Sarah being sent into the Gauntlet time after time after time. I can't remember if it was this season of the show but didn't the plan to throw all the girls into the Gauntlet so that they'd have an all male team for the finale backfire? I remember one of the seasons trying to do this and when it came down to the final challenge they had fucked themselves over because they needed women to successfully finish the challenge. by C. Thomas Howell reply 433 01/26/2016 Remember The Slap the girl with lupus called the angry crazy black guy a homosexual later he was arrested for being a gay whore. by C. Thomas Howell R434 it was LYME Disease not Lupus!!! by C. Thomas Howell reply 437 01/26/2016 It's amazing how in that clip with Steven and Irene he takes no responsibility for how messed up he was towards her. by C. Thomas Howell reply 438 01/26/2016 Oh and it was bullshit that they didn't kick him out of the house for slapping her. All he had to do was get "anger management." by C. Thomas Howell reply 439 01/26/2016 Jacinda had the most adorable boyfriend and she treated him rather badly. The London season was worth watching just for the glimpses of him. by C. Thomas Howell I liked mop-top MJ from Philadelphia by C. Thomas Howell reply 452 01/26/2016 The Hawaii cast seems to have made the most of themselves. According to someone's link upthread: Colin Mortensen: Colin is pursuing a doctorate and is interested in researching democratic student-led organizations in Arab national schools. Justin Deabler: Justin is currently the Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Bureau in New York. Kaia Beck: Kaia recently got a Master’s in History and a doctorate in law. She currently lives in Chicago, Illinois. Matt Simon: Matt lives in California and is a high school teacher. Teck, Ruthie, and Amaya seem to just be social media people in LA. Amaya still looks great, though. by C. Thomas Howell Was it San Diego that had the girl who was "too hard rock" for her castmates? by C. Thomas Howell reply 454 01/27/2016 [quote] Was it San Diego that had the girl who was "too hard rock" for her castmates? Yeah, that was Frankie, though she said she was too "punk rock" which is possibly even more embarrassing. She died a few years ago from cystic fibrosis. by C. Thomas Howell reply 455 01/27/2016 Jacinda (RW London) has worked steadily and successfully in movies (Bridgit Jones, Ladder 49, Poseidon) and TV (The Following, Bloodline) for several years. Jamie (RW San Diego) has also been acting for several years. They are perhaps the most successful former Real World cast members, but because of the UNFAIR GENDER-BASED PAY SCALE IN HOLLYWOOD you would never know it. THESE ACTRESSES ARE PRACTICALLY STARVING AND YOU ARE DOING NOTHING TO ADDRESS IT!! by C. Thomas Howell Since no one posted this earlier... verificatia of the above rumors. by C. Thomas Howell 01/27/2016 Melissa from NOLA was adorkable before it was a word. Jamie looked like a Neanderthal. I still hate Julie - if I saw her in the street I would kick her in the shin. by C. Thomas Howell reply 461 01/27/2016 Aww, I loved Julie. She always seemed laid back and one of the guys. I love how she came around re gays, thanks to Danny. I loved their close friendship. Since she grew up deep in the Mormon community, she had no understanding of homosexuality, just that it was wrong, but her friendship with Danny led her to see that gays aren't any different from heterosexuals. In fact, her acceptance of Danny is one of the reasons that led to her being kicked out of Brigham Young, even though she'd had their blessing before doing RW. They'd thought her presence on a national scale would be a positive image for LSD, but her sharing an apartment with men and then renouncing her anti-gay upbringing set them off. BTW: It was also cute when Julie wrote that love song for Danny to give to his military boyfriend Paul. by C. Thomas Howell reply 462 01/27/2016 R458 Frankie also had a phobia about boats, which sucked for her, because they had to work as a crew on a ship. by C. Thomas Howell Are you being sarcastic, R491? I didn't know that "transgender," "art something," "dj something," and "somewhere" are accomplishments. Please see R453 for some REAL success stories. by C. Thomas Howell 01/27/2016 I fucking loved Katie. This clip of her going after Veronica is hilarious. I could never figure out why Veronica thought she was such a great asset to any of her teams. It was obvious she was only able to stick around because she fucked all her teammates and was always able to find someone to use to distract the rest of her teammates. And funny how Veronica tries to say that Katie was lucky that she couldn't punch her because she'd beat her ass... sorry, Ronnie... Katie would bash your skull in while you laid there crying. by C. Thomas Howell reply 494 01/27/2016 R492 wasn't there also some story that Veronica went to Pua off camera and begged her to pretend that the blouse just got misplaced? I remember watching or seeing something about that. by C. Thomas Howell reply 500 01/27/2016 Here's a picture of Yes Duffy from RR Semester at Sea, with his mom and his two sons. He still looks the same. by C. Thomas Howell reply 501 01/27/2016 I'd forgotten about RR: Campus Crawl, but stumbled across this clip which was high drama. Shane (white gay guy) playfully slaps Darrell (black straight guy and a boxer) while they're making prank calls. Darrell has to leave to avoid killing Shane. I love the commentary from the other castmate about how Darrell had been more than accepting of Shane (faggot!) and to walk away after being slapped by a gay man must have been so hard for him. I also remember Eric being pretty cute, if bland. by C. Thomas Howell reply 502 01/27/2016 There should be more understanding that slapping is more common in the gay community and that the practice is a way of showing displeasure. It's not intended to injure. by C. Thomas Howell Belou casually about to throw herself out a castle window. by C. Thomas Howell reply 509 01/27/2016 You guys- I love this thread. I didnt stick with the show after Cancun and only stuck with is as long as I did cause I thought Bronne was hot. Hollywood and Brooklyn were the last good seasons of the show. by C. Thomas Howell reply 510 01/28/2016 Katie really should have screwed her team over. She made it all the way to end despite her teammates trying to sabotage her each step of the way. Her revenge should have been to just sit there during the finale, letting the Real World team win. by C. Thomas Howell reply 511 01/28/2016 Instead Katie ended up proving to be an asset by basically solving most of the puzzle, getting them the win. by C. Thomas Howell Tami singing with her group by C. Thomas Howell reply 515 01/28/2016 R513 they could've done one of those cities, instead of rehashing NY (1992, 2001), New Orleans (2000, 2010), San Diego (2004, 2011), San Francisco (1994, 2014), Chicago (2002, 2015); the upcoming season GO BIG OR GO HOME takes place in Vegas (2002, 2011, 2016)for the THIRD time! by C. Thomas Howell reply 516 01/28/2016 I recall the first big RW reunion and how much of a big deal it was. It consisted of all the cast members from the first four seasons. I specifically recall Heather B. telling Tami how bougie she was right there on the panel. by C. Thomas Howell reply 517 01/28/2016 ^ Was that before or after Tami called Heather B. a "ghetto queen?" LOL! Heather did not like that! by C. Thomas Howell The Miz had a fat ass. I'm almost sure it's been tapped. by C. Thomas Howell reply 523 01/28/2016 R522 Not that you want the opinion of a fish, but I agree wholeheartedly. I have excellent gaydar due to my job(I work with all gay men and they have educated me to the Nth degree) and I absolutely found the Miz to be softly pinging. by C. Thomas Howell reply 524 01/28/2016 Sometime around the early 2000s MTV rebroadcasted all of the Real World seasons ( and Road Rules) that had aired up until that point which allowed me the opportunity to view the first few seasons ( I was only familiar with the Hawaii, New Orleans, Chicago and Vegas seasons at that time). I wonder why MTV no longer rebroadcasts those early seasons of the show? by C. Thomas Howell reply 525 01/28/2016 It may be a music licensing issue - those old shows had a lot of pop music played each week. Or maybe MTV is just too embarrassed and doesn't want to show how much the shows have degraded over the years. by C. Thomas Howell reply 526 01/28/2016 I actually think it's that MTV doesn't hold the rights to them any more. IIRC, they had those marathons right before the earlier seasons went into strip syndication. I would love them to put them somewhere for streaming. by C. Thomas Howell reply 527 01/28/2016 I can't remember how many times I jacked off thinking about Brad's thick cock. But then he got knocked out by Darrell for talking shit and it killed my attraction. by C. Thomas Howell Nia is also a stupid cunt. She probably has a huge, cavernous, gaping vagina. by C. Thomas Howell reply 531 01/29/2016 I think RW LA was probably the worst. A lot of miscast people and nobody really good looking which is ironic, considering it's LA. I hated Beth S. the polish bitch with the mole and thick legs. She was so thirsty. Boston was also bad and the DC one was terrible. DC and Boston do not translate well in the reality genre. Which I think is a good thing. The first one in NY and SF were the best overall. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 R532... please sit down. RW LA was the BEST. You had lesbians, you had assault, you had the first roommate kicked out... you had jaws being wired shut and abortions performed while filming. You're welcome. reply 533 01/29/2016 I agree with R533. Even with the poignant story of Pedro, San Fran was NO Los Angeles. They were boring and weren't even the first to kick someone out. [quote]You had lesbians, you had assault... And don't forget a confederate flag-waving virgin, a boisterous black chick, a were they or weren't they duo consisting of a drunken Irish dude and an uptight WASP, a wannabe actress and a 5 foot female cop. Add in the Venice scenery and you've got a perfect RW season. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 What made LA so forgettable was the horrible personalities. It might have been a drama-packed season, but all of that didn't matter, because I hated every single one of the cast members. by C. Thomas Howell reply 535 01/29/2016 Tami was just awful. It's amazing that the Redneck, Hillbilly was more compassionate and open minded than Tami ever was. Imagine if someone had said to Tami, "So is it safe to assume that all your friends that will be coming over will be black? And sidenote.. I completely forgot the Glenn guy was on the show too. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 Did the idea for Road Rules come from the road trip during the LA season? It sucks if MTV no longer has the rights to the show. Many people have never seen the early seasons of RW outside of Youtube clips. by C. Thomas Howell reply 537 01/29/2016 The LA season may have been a lot of things, but boring and forgettable it was not. It has received more discussion on this thread than any other season. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 Remember me? I'm Beth S. from the Real World LA. I am the first reality TV show drama queen and I will become the prototype for shit-stirrers for decades to come. by C. Thomas Howell reply 539 01/29/2016 [quote]Imagine if someone had said to Tami, "So is it safe to assume that all your friends that will be coming over will be black? Don't forget that she worked at an HIV outreach center (with a lot of gay men), and flipped out over lesbian Beth A moving in. [quote]And sidenote.. I completely forgot the Glenn guy was on the show too. He was seriously forgettable. And honestly, he was awful to Beth S and actually made her sympathetic by comparison, which is just all kinds of wrong. [quote]Did the idea for Road Rules come from the road trip during the LA season? Yes. reply 540 01/29/2016 [quote]The LA season may have been a lot of things, but boring and forgettable it was not. It has received more discussion on this thread than any other season. I agree. LA was heads and shoulders better than many of the seasons, including San Francisco. I've spotted Beth S. as an extra on several other shows, including Beverly Hills 90210, the Shannen Years. She was even in the background in the Pauly Shore movie SON IN LAW. by C. Thomas Howell The boy shown in R542 does not look like an abortion. by C. Thomas Howell reply 544 01/29/2016 Of the early seasons casts, I found San Fran cast to be the most insufferable and unlikable, which was quite the accomplishment, considering that the LA cast was laden with douchebags like Glen, Aaron, Tami, Beth S. , David and that glorified meter maid Irene "I am the law". The big difference between the douchebaggery of the two casts, is that the ones in San Francisco were also sanctimonious as fuck. Judd only knew Pedro for 4 months, yet for the past 20+ years he's been exploiting Pedro's death from AIDS and yammering on/writing books about some great "friendship" that they had, which must have happened off camera, because there wasn't much evidence of it on camera. by C. Thomas Howell reply 545 01/29/2016 [quote]Judd only knew Pedro for 4 months, yet for the past 20+ years he's been exploiting Pedro's death from AIDS and yammering on/writing books about some great "friendship" that they had, which must have happened off camera, because there wasn't much evidence of it on camera. You forget, it's not like Pedro dropped dead immediately after they moved out of the house. And not for nothing, particularly in an era where reality TV was relatively new, I would imagine most of the participants didn't quite know what they were getting into and the environment probably made them bond in a way that ordinary roommates wouldn't. And Pedro also got incredibly sick during filming at least once. by C. Thomas Howell 01/29/2016 The Real World SF was filmed from Feb 12 1994 to June 19 1994. It's my understanding that Pedro only saw Judd one time after they moved out of the house in June, and that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. He died November 11, 2014, less than 5 months after they moved out of the house. by C. Thomas Howell reply 547 01/29/2016 I'm pretty sure Judd and Pam saw him multiple times after he was back in Miami and getting progressively sicker. by C. Thomas Howell reply 548 01/29/2016 I'm afraid the only thing that Judd ever saw when he looked at Pedro was dollar $igns. by C. Thomas Howell reply 549 01/29/2016 [quote](Glenn) was seriously forgettable. And honestly, he was awful to Beth S and actually made her sympathetic by comparison, which is just all kinds of wrong. Refresh my memory, I can't recall him or what he did that was so awful to Beth S. She was a seriously awful person. I hated her fat face, her stupid bangs, her oversize tongue. She was a frau-in-training until she tried to glam up and posed for Playboy. I still picture her ending up plump in polyester in an office cube covered with inspirational kitty posters. by C. Thomas Howell reply 550 01/29/2016 All that I can really remember about him was that he played in a godawful band. I don't know, Beth S was an awful person, but all the people who gave her shit (Aaron, Dom, and Glen) weren't great people either. Tami and Jon got along fine with her. by C. Thomas Howell The R555 fight was epic. Wonder if that was around the time of Tonya's rape. Veronica was loathed by so many on that show. by C. Thomas Howell reply 561 01/30/2016 Theo Von is so ugly-hot. I'd fuck the shit out of him but talk about a double-bagger. by C. Thomas Howell reply 562 01/30/2016 [quote] All that I can really remember about him was that he played in a godawful band. I remember the episode in which they interviewed replacement roommates in LA. There were two guys who were normal and attractive and they went with the third: Glenn. They asked him about religion and he used the tedious and popular cliche of the 90s, "I'm spiritual, but not religious," which really impressed them all. by C. Thomas Howell reply 563 01/30/2016 As I recall, David pulled Tami's blanket away from her, and Beth S. then accused him of "rape" for that incident...he then got kicked out of the house. Dom and Aaron thought they were "above it all". The cast was just awful, because of all the hypocrisy going on. The cowboy was the only decent person in the house. by C. Thomas Howell reply 564 01/30/2016 Is it safe to assume that any current cast of these shows are riddled with various STDs? by C. Thomas Howell reply 565 01/30/2016 Beth didn't accuse him of rape. She said, "No means NO!" She didn't say he raped Tami.. she likened it to a guy who doesn't take no as an answer.. Wait, didn't she say something like.. "you wanted it, baby!" She's such a fucking instigator. by C. Thomas Howell 01/30/2016 I loathed Kameelah from Boston, she was a BITCH with a capital B! I had a major crush on Neil from London, he was the guy that had his tongue bitten off by another guy, whom he tried to kiss. by C. Thomas Howell reply 569 01/30/2016 [quote]I remember the episode in which they interviewed replacement roommates in LA. There were two guys who were normal and attractive and they went with the third: Glenn. They asked him about religion and he used the tedious and popular cliche of the 90s, "I'm spiritual, but not religious," which really impressed them all. One of the other guys was a member of the UCLA track team, and they pretty much all decided that he was gay. I wonder if they were right. by C. Thomas Howell reply 570 01/30/2016 [quote]It's my understanding that Pedro only saw Judd one time after they moved out of the house in June, and that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. Unlike previous RW seasons, I don't remember a stand-alone SF reunion other than the one in 1995 when MTV had all of the previous seasons at that point get together. In chronological order, each season came out and did their individual interviews and talked about what it was like then and where there are now. And then it concluded with the fireworks of the SF cast when it was their turn. At that point, Pedro was already dead. by C. Thomas Howell reply 571 01/30/2016 [quote]that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. He died November 11, 2014, less than 5 months after they moved out of the house. You might want to look at your calendar again. by C. Thomas Howell reply 572 01/30/2016 I remember that reunion show. They had the first 3 casts (I think) and then London was introduced at the end. So was the last time that Judd saw Pedro in June 1994, when they left the house? And then Pedro died in November? That would imply that they were only friends within the context of filming the show. by C. Thomas Howell reply 573 01/30/2016 The Tonya/Veronica fight seemed a bit staged. Why did everyone hate Veronica, so she was a slut, good for her. by C. Thomas Howell reply 574 01/30/2016 [quote]So was the last time that Judd saw Pedro in June 1994, when they left the house? And then Pedro died in November? There are pictures of Judd, Pam, Corey, and Rachel visiting him in the hospital. by C. Thomas Howell reply 575 01/30/2016 People making up shit to bag on Judd Winick , who has worked for gay rights and AIDS awareness for 20 years, are the worst kind of shit-stains and fuckwads. by C. Thomas Howell reply 576 01/30/2016 What percentage of the Pedro and Me book and movie and Judd's lectures about Pedro went to charity? by C. Thomas Howell 01/30/2016 I don't know, r577, do you? How many people were educated by them? How many people changed their minds about LGBT people? Do you imagine that Judd Winick lives in a mansion off the proceeds from Pedro and Me? by C. Thomas Howell reply 578 01/30/2016 [quote] So was the last time that Judd saw Pedro in June 1994, when they left the house? And then Pedro died in November? That would imply that they were only friends within the context of filming the show. Why would you think that? After the show, Pam & Judd lived in SF. And Pedro, who was pretty sick near the end of filming and whose health continued to degenerate, went to Miami. And as was posted above, Judd & Pam did fly out there. I can't be the only one who understands the concept of having friends who move to a different state and remain great friends. Phones are a wonderful thing. by C. Thomas Howell LA was the best. I loved their house, too. by C. Thomas Howell reply 580 01/30/2016 [quote]The Tonya/Veronica fight seemed a bit staged. Why did everyone hate Veronica, so she was a slut, good for her. It looks staged because Tonya was, as usual, drunk. Veronica wasn't just a slut. Get it right, idiot. Veronica was a whore, slut, cunt, opportunist, thieving, lying, backstabbing, ugly, troll blow up doll. by C. Thomas Howell reply 581 01/30/2016 R581 which is why nobody cared when Julie scared the shit out of her, when she pretended to undo her safety harness on the zip line. by C. Thomas Howell And remember R582... everyone hated Julie too... they just hated Veronica that much more. by C. Thomas Howell reply 583 01/30/2016 I wonder if RW: NO's Matt, the very, very Catholic virgin trolls for dick on the side. I don't know why, but I thought he pinged a little. by C. Thomas Howell reply 584 01/30/2016 [quote]It's my understanding that Pedro only saw Judd one time after they moved out of the house in June, and that was at the Real World reunion in August 2014. Wow, was it a haunting? Did MTV capture it on film? by C. Thomas Howell 01/30/2016 [quote]I don't know why, but I thought he pinged a little. Because he pinged A LOT! Before Danny came out everyone assumed Matt was the gay one. by C. Thomas Howell Yeah, but he wasn't out (I don't even think to the producers) when he was cast. by C. Thomas Howell reply 589 01/30/2016 danny roberts was fkin hot. My 12 yr old self didn't how someone how looked so normal and "straight" acting could be gay. Ughhh....memories. by C. Thomas Howell reply 590 01/30/2016 Danny from RWNO and Chris from RWChicago were hot. I wanted them to run a train on me. by C. Thomas Howell reply 591 01/30/2016 I'm curious about Danny Roberts' husband. There don't seem to be any pictures of him on the internet. Not even a name. by C. Thomas Howell

i don't know

What can be a Greek god, a Paris-based, high-fashion luxury-goods manufacturer, and a Futurama character?

HERMES Meaning and Example Sentence: Meaning, definition, sample sentence of HERMES | Dictionary 3.0 HERMES Meaning and Definition in Dictionary Definitions from Wordnet 2.0 (Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury Definitions from Wiktionary (Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury Would you like to add your own explaination to this word 'HERMES' ? Wikipedia Meaning and Definition on 'HERMES' Hermes: For other uses, see Hermes (disambiguation). Hermes (/ˈhɜːrmiːz/; Greek: Ἑρμῆς) is an Olympian god in Greek religion and mythology, the son of Zeus and Hermes (disambiguation): 69230 Hermes, a binary near-Earth asteroid rediscovered in 2003 HERMES, a spectrograph to be installed on the Anglo-Australian Telescope in 2013 HerMES, Herschel Hermes (spacecraft): France proposed in January 1985 to go through with Hermes development under the auspices of the ESA. Hermes was to have been part of a manned space flight Hermes Trismegistus: Hermes Trismegistus (Ancient Greek: Ἑρμῆς ὁ Τρισμέγιστος, "thrice-greatest Hermes"; Latin: Mercurius ter Maximus) is the purported author of the Hermetic 69230 Hermes: be made before Hermes became too faint to be seen in the telescopes of the day. This was not enough to calculate an orbit, and Hermes was "lost" (see Hermes Group: In Germany, Hermes Logistik Gruppe (HLG) is the country's largest post-independent provider of deliveries to private customers. Hermes has been the official Saint Hermes: For the Cornish Saint Hermes, see Erbin of Dumnonia. Saint Hermes, born in Greece, died in Rome as a martyr in 120, is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Hermes Airlines: French carrier Air Méditerranée. For the Malta-based airline, see Hermes Aviation. Hermes Airlines is a Greek charter airline headquartered in Alimos. It Handley Page Hermes: was intended to introduce the Hermes before the Hastings, but production was delayed after the first prototype (HP 68 Hermes 1), registered G-AGSS crashed Words and phrases related to 'HERMES'

Hermes

December 13, 1636 saw The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This is recognized today as the founding of what branch of the military?

Design TV | Fashion Catalogue FASHION FOLK S05 EP2 Sharon Wauchob [PARIS], Boris Schipper & Pedrosa Arques [Barcelona], Eleonore von Schwanenflügel [Berlin] "Sharon Wauchob [PARIS] Sharon Wauchob was born in 1971 in Newtownstewart in County Tyrone, Ireland. She moved to London and studied at Central St. Martins Fashion College, graduating in 1995. Japanese designer Koji Tatsuno saw her graduation show and invited her to work with him in Paris, which she did. After that she worked briefly for the house of Louis Vuitton. In 1998, Sharon decided to launch her own label under her won name specializing in “alternative” fashion. She set up her studio in Paris. She shows her collections twice yearly during the Paris Fashion Week. In addition to her own creations, she also works with other companies. In August 2003 she landed a contract with the 70 year old house of Bruno Magli to design shoes, handbags, belts and accessories. She also works with companies in Northern Ireland to develop original fabrics and designs. Boris Schipper & Pedrosa Arques [Barcelona] Boris Schipper was born in the Netherlands in 1973 and Tomas Pedrosa Arques in Belgium in 1969. The SCHIPPER/ARQUES label was formed in Belgium in 2008. After dropping out of the Gerrit Rietveld academy in Amsterdam, Schipper and Pedrosa Arques started working together in 1998 as stylists for clubs, music videos and fashion, evolving to the point of catering to high level private clients worldwide. Their conceptual approach and counterculture story telling as well as an outspoken opinion about all visual communication and make-up are an essential part of the brand identity. Work has been published in Vogue China, Italy and Spain, Citizen K, Another Magazine and many others. Eleonore von Schwanenflügel and Stephanie Pupke [Berlin] The fourth womenswear collection of VONSCHWANENFLÜGELPUPKE centres on the printed motifs of the scarves set in unique, geometric gowns. Some of the blouses and skirts are decorated with needlework in wool and ribbon suggesting trellises and a hothouse filled with plenty. Intuitive themes are coupled with precious, classical qualities. The Collection has the casual look of thirties and forties informal wear with golden-accented porcelain jewellery. FASHION FOLK S05 EP3 Rabih Kayrouz [PARIS], Krizia Robustella [Barcelona], Panos Emporium [STOCKHOLM] "Rabih Kayrouz [PARIS] Rabih Kayrouz was born in Lebanon in 1973. Kayrouz migrated to Paris at the age of 16 to study at the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne.[2] Career In 1995, after training for several months in the workshops of design houses Dior and Chanel,[3] Kayrouz returned to Beirut where he developed a reputation for designing evening gowns and wedding dresses.[4] In 2008, Kayrouz returned to Paris to open his own design house at 38, Boulevard Raspail. Tje location was previously "Le Petit Theatre de Babylone" where Beckett's play "Waiting for Godot" was performed for the first time .[5] Since 2009, Kayrouz has been a guest designer for the Cham­bre Syn­di­cale de la Haute Cou­ture,[6] with his seasonal collections included in the bi-annual Paris haute-couture fashion shows.[7] In 2011, Kayrouz was selected by the prominent French ELLE Magazine as one of the "Emerging New Talents".[8] In 2012 he abandoned the appellation "couture" to focus on ready-to-wear.[9] In the same year, he created a capsule collection for La Redoute. Krizia Robustella [Barcelona] Krizia Robustella is a fashion company, self-defined as "Sport Deluxe”, which draws on sports garments in recent decades to create their own universe in which comfort merges with luxury. And luxury is transformed into shapes and fabrics hitherto relegated to the scale of the informal. Collection - BANANAS IS MY BUSINESS At KR they like the tropical groove a lot and to demonstrate this, their new Collection SS 2014 “BANANAS IS MY BUSINESS” is inspired by the eccentric and colorful Carmen Miranda. “I wonder why does everybody look at me and then begin to talk about a Christmas tree? I hope that means that everyone is glad to see the lady in the tutti-frutti hat. The gentlemen, they want to make me say, "Si, si," But I don't tell them that, I tell them, "Yes, sir-ee!" and maybe that is why they come for dates to me, the lady in the tutti-frutti hat. Some people say I dress too gay, but every day, I feel so gay; and when I'm gay, I dress that way, is something wrong with that? Americanos tell me that my hat is high, because I will not take it off to kiss a guy; but if I ever start to take it off, ay, ay! I do that once for Johnny Smith and he is very happy with the lady in the tutti-frutti hat!” Panos Emporio [Stockholm] Panos Emporio is Scandinavia’s leading designer label specialized in beachwear. It was founded in Sweden 1986 by fashion designer Mr. Panos Papadopoulos. The brand is characterized by innovation and distinct design that breathes style, quality and individuality. Panos Emporio combines simplicity and sophisticated clean lines with outstanding quality and fit. This has earned the brand an extremely loyal customer base with dedicated followers ranging from Hollywood stars and top celebrity models to world famous athletes and royalties. Panos Emporio is continuously perfecting the beachwear collection and is now expanding its universe with a vibrant clothing collection that uses 25 years of design philosophy to create a new level of high fashion. This year Panos Emporio also released an elegant and waterproof watch collection along with a fresh fragrance collection inspired by paradise. FASHION FOLK S05 EP4 Natalie Tribouillard [CEO] Leonard [PARIS], Selim de Somavilla [Barcelona], Underground [Athens] "Natalie Tribouillard [CEO] Leonard [PARIS] It all began in 1958 when Jacques Leonard asked Daniel Tribouillard to start a new company: Leonard Fashion. A man of artistic temperament, Daniel Tribouillard set out to differentiate the brand in Haute Couture. In 1960, he launched a revolutionary new process for printing English weaves, that were very fashionable at the time but said to be “unprintable”. His clients were won over and the bold young man was applauded across the globe. In just a few years, encouraged by the success of his much-loved floral prints, Daniel Tribouillard brought the Leonard brand to the world. He developed his style by adopting the orchid as an emblem: a delicate wild flower “without geometric limits”. Indeed, Leonard's originality is founded on a unique and recognizable style shared by all of its designs - and also, the fabrics used. In 1968, Daniel Tribouillard presented his first collection of printed silk jersey dresses with a slogan emphasizing the lightness of the fabric: “The Leonard Dress: 150g of happiness”. In the early 70s, the House diversified its production (perfumes, ties, silk scarves…) and created its own distribution network. The years went by, innovations and inventions came one after the other and shaped the brands reputation. In 1994, the House of Leonard joined the French 'Féderation de la Couture' and performed its first fashion show at the Carrousel du Louvre. Selim de Somavilla [Barcelona] Born and bred and residing in Barcelona, Selim de Somavilla became a fashion-designer between here and London. In 2005 he graduated in Barcelona and went on to form a part of the team of Martin Lamothe over two collections. London offered him a new air, maturity and a fresh perspective for his future work dedicated to male fashion, studying at LCF and working at The Rodnik Band. The man that is dressed in his clothes knows no limitations. He is a man of refined tastes, who likes dressing well, with a certain melancholic air but without losing his virility despite the important unisex influence. De Somavilla places essential importance to a “total outfit idea” in his collections, for which he also designs bags, shoes and jewellery. At the beginning of 2012 he shows his collection called MAELSTRØM at the Fall-Winter ’12 edition of Valencia Fashion Week and Move Seville. In the September he showed “KNOCKOUT” in Barcelona, a collection for Spring-Summer ’13, during the Bosson Festival. He recently worked in conjunction with the ESCORPION brand working on handbags for the most recent 080 Barcelona Fashion. Katerina Gouma [Athens] Underground is an established label in the Greek market for more than 15 years. Underground has reinvented itself since 2005 as a creative fashion team -lead by Katerina Gouma, head designer and co-owner- by launching its own collections, available through retail and wholesale in Greece, as well as selected retail spots around the world. The basic creative principles include a preference for natural fabrics, an omnipresent yet widely modern reference to ancient Greece and the Goddess Dress, plus persistence on cuts that create a perfect fit on the body. FASHION FOLK S05 EP5 Jean Paul Lespagnard [Brussels], Celia Vela [Barcelona], Jung Kuho [New York] "Jean Paul Lespagnard [Brussels] Jean-Paul Lespagnard is a fashion designer, costume designer for theatre and dance, visual artist and stylist for magazines. He combines a great sense of fashion with a fascination for high and low art and for popular culture in all its shapes and forms. Jean-Paul studied visual arts and fashion design in Liège (Belgium) and Luxembourg. He was a collaborator of Anna Sui (New York) for two collections and was an assistant to Annemie Verbeke (Brussels). He has created the costumes for several theatre and dance productions and is a regular collaborator of choreographer Meg Stuart / Damaged Goods (Brussels / Berlin). In 2008 Jean-Paul won two awards at the International Fashion Festival in Hyères (France), which led to the creation of a capsule collection for the French brand 123. He recently founded his own brand, Jean-Paul Lespagnard, and presents his first women's ready-to-wear collection during Paris Fashion Week in March 2011. All Jean-Paul’s creations reveal an overflowing imagination and he eloquently succeeds in communicating his optimistic universe where originality and offbeat style go hand in hand with a playful irreverence for convention and the generally accepted. Jean-Paul Lespagnard wants to offer luxury, not material luxury but the real thing: the freedom to be who you want to be. Celia Vela [Barcelona] She has shown at Barcelona’s Gaudí catwalk in 1996, 1997 and 1998. Since 1999 she has shown individually at different locations in Barcelona. Since 1998 she has had her own shop in Figueres. In 2003 the Figueres shop was extended to include a new space especially for brides. She featured at the Spain Fashion Fairs at Tokyo and Osaka of 1998 and 1999. From January 2000 she has participated at the international Fashion Fair in Tokyo. In February 2000 www.celiavela.com went online. From 2001 until 2006 she participated at the Cibeles-SIMM space. In 2003 and 2004 she unveiled her collections at the Atmosphère room in Paris. In 2005 she reached an agreement with the luxury brand “Agua de Sevilla” (water of Seville) to both design and produce an exclusive line for women labelled “Celia Vela for Agua de Sevilla”. Since October 2005 she has held an exhibition entitled “Celia Vela – 10 years, 10 fashion looks” at Figueres Museum with the 10th anniversary of the brand. In 2007 she was a part of Bread & Butter Barcelona. She has had a permanent showroom in Tokyo since 2009. Since 2010 she has featured at Barcelona’s 080 show. She regularly participates at conferences about design and fashion and has done so since 1998. Hexa by Kuho [PARIS] Jung Kuho is a Korean fashion designer based in Seoul. A graduate of Parson’s School of Design, Jung is also a certified Cordon Bleu chef (he once owned a restaurant near NYU) as well as the Creative Director of Samsung’s fashion division, where he oversees several sold-in-Asia-only women’s collections as well as Samsung’s license brands Nina Ricci and 10 Corso Como.   FASHION FOLK S05 EP6 Valentin Yudashkin [Moscow], Justicia Ruano [Barcelona], Marc Stone [Zurich] "Valentin Yudashkin [Moscow] He was born on October 14, 1964 in Bakovka community, Odintsovo District, Moscow Region. In 1986 he graduated from the Moscow Industrial College with honours, having upheld two degree works at the same time: “History of the costume” and “Makeup and decorative cosmetics”. In 1987 he created his first collection, consisting of 150 models. In 1991 his collection was brought to Paris and made an immense impression upon the experienced French public. Since that time his new collections have been traditionally shown in Paris. In 1997 the boutique “Valentin Yudashkin” was opened in Moscow, in Kutuzovsky avenue, and in 1999 the jewellery and perfume series “Valentin Yudashkin” was launched at the Fashion House “Valentin Yudashkin”. This was a joint project with the French company “Parour”. The models of Valentin Yudashkin are kept at the Louvre Museum of Costume, at the Californian Fashion Museum, at the Moscow State Museum of History and at the International Museum of the Olympic Games. He is honoured worker of arts of the RF, full member of the Academy of Social Sciences, honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, a corresponding member of the Paris Syndicate of High Fashion and Ready-Made Clothes. Justicia Ruano [Barcelona] Following a solid upward trajectory in the world of design, creating and being responsible for the artistic direction of different brands, in 2009 she decides to go it alone with the launching of her very own collection. Her passion for fashion, women, femininity and her fascination for materials and shapes, have driven her to create a perfect collection for the woman of today. Purified designs of sleek lines - and richly ornamented - which lead us to dream of the elegance of bygone eras. From her studio in Barcelona and showroom in London, the collections from Justicia Ruano seduce the women of today and the most demanding buyers. Marc Stone [Zurich] Marc Stone has developed his clothing brand as a holistic concept influenced by contemporary art, journeys, music, theatre and film. Marc Stone combines classic, modern style with subtle futuristic touches. The effortless minimalist spirit of each collection comes from working quality and hi-tech fabrics. Colours are subtle, and dictated by the feel of the season. The story of MARC STONE started in Zürich in the multicultural district circle four. As a progressive fashion brand MARC STONE stands for minimalist design, which boasts clean lines and innovative looks. The brand sells its products in a variety of international showrooms (Paris, Milan, Berlin, Seoul, Singapore and New York) and at numerous international trade shows.   FASHION FOLK S05 EP7 Dawid Tomaszewski [Berlin] , Yerse [Barcelona] ,Glaw [Berlin] "Dawid Tomaszewski [Berlin] Dawid Tomaszewski, born on November 21, 1980 in Gdansk, Poland, in is an art fashion designer currently dividing his time between London, United Kingdom and Berlin, Germany. His style is a merging of extravagance, appreciation of detail. Tomaszewski studied at London College of Fashion and Akademie der Künste Berlin. He also studied history of art at University of Fine Arts in Poznan. In 2008 he took part in a TV show the next fashion talent and was selected to design a bag for Design Hotels. In the same year he designed a charity t-shirt for Hallhuber. 2008 was the year, when he commenced artistic collaboration with artist and photographer Michal Martychowiec. The following year brought the Designer for tomorrow competition, where he got into the final. At the end of 2008 he launched a label under his own name. He was awarded with Young designer award [1] in January 2010. Additionally he exhibited at the Premium exhibition in Berlin. That collection brought him several publications in Vogue, Elle, Vanity Fair, and other magazines. The Spring/Summer 2011 collection Torqued Elipses,[2][3] inspired by renown artist Richard Serra brought a great deal of interest toward his label.[4] It was presented at the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin and Fashion Week Poland in Lódz. By the end of this season he intends to launch a second line called Dawid Tomaszewski Studio that is going to be more casual. By now he constantly presents his collections at the fashion shows like Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week. Generó i Domènech , Yerse [Barcelona] Yerse was founded by Lluís Generó i Domènech in 1964 in Sabadell and was the leading knitwear brand for many years. Forty years later, Yerse undergoes a major transformation towards the achievement of some very ambitious business objectives and in order to do so, has adapted to the new times, following a strategy of business diversification based on design and innovation. Today our collection are sold through over 1 200 points of sale in Spain and the rest of Europe. We distribute through multi-brand stores, two stores of our own and brand spaces in department stores like El Corte Inglés. We put out two seasonal collections, two capsule collections (Super Summer and Special Edition) plus a collection of accessories. Glaw [Berlin] Urban elegance with a slight touch of psychedelic femininity and refreshing cuts are the basis of the Berlin based fashion label GLAW. Nostalgic elements of times gone by reflect the diverse artistic sources of inspiration of founders Jesko Wilke and Maria Poweleit who got to know each other at the fashion school ESMOD in Berlin. After having graduated in 2011 both decided to join their creative forces to create the high-end fashion label Glaw which portrays their vision of 21st century women’s clothing honing in on a cross between female power and fragileness. FASHION FOLK S05 Ep08 Kilian Kerner [Berlin], Laura Figueras SUR, Valavanis Laskaris "Kilian Kerner [Berlin] For the eleventh consecutive year KILIAN KERNER is in July 2013 with a show represented at the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in Berlin. After the anniversary show in January, the label continues to focus on the fashion location in the capital city and is at the same time new ways: "One feels that the label takes on a new dimension. I am very pleased to present a refined look KILIAN KERNER in Berlin in July and am also looking forward to the debut in London, "said Kilian Kerner about the upcoming season. "DO NOT LISTEN TO WITH DREAMS" is the appropriate title for the new collection. "The collection is set in a world in which anything can happen and may happen happened. It comes to free himself of all constraints and conventions, "says the designer the basic idea behind the designs. Make simple cuts on patchwork, patterns and prints are combined unconventional. The focus of the design is the bold play with colors and shapes. The inspiration of the dream world is also reflected in the show concept. For the catwalk in Berlin, the paint manufacturer Diessner developed a coating with colors of the Italian brand VALPAINT that is applied by hand and can give the impression of a sky. The project "fashion and music" sets Kilian Kerner again with the Singer and songwriter Mads Langer order. The Danish singer will accompany the models on the catwalk as a live act and play four songs from his upcoming album "In synthesis waters". For the show KILIAN KERNER is supported by Grundig in the third season. As a new partner Kilian Kerner also the company Blackberry win, for which he also serves as a promotional ambassador immediately. Following the success of previous seasons and KILIAN KERNER store openings in the UK, in February this year, the label still directed from internationally. After the kick-off show in Berlin and exhibitions on leading European fashion fairs, KILIAN KERNER presented in September 2013 for the first time at London Fashion Week. Laura Figueras - SUR [Barcelona] Barcelona-born Laura Figueras launched her first brand, Bambi by Laura in 2003. The brand quickly became a staple feature in discerning boutiques across the world, from Tokyo to Paris, London and New York. Numerous collaborations followed, with Topshop, Roxy Heart, CocaCola Light among others. In 2009 she moved to London, and in 2012 began work on a long-term passion, the creation of a new kind of luxury label, Sur. The brand is distinguished by an uncompromising approach to quality and provenance. As such, fabrics are sourced in the UK, Spain and Italy and manufacture takes place in traditional ateliers in and around Barcelona. Since its debut in 2012 the brand has received critical acclaim for its elegant wearable and sophisticated looks. Valavanis Laskaris [ATHENS] Born on the North eastern Aegean island of Samothraki, Laskaris moved to Athens, to pursue his dream of becoming a couturier. After graduating from College, eager to learn all the secrets of his craft, he started working as an apprentice with Greece's top couturiers and gradually developed his skills as a designer while at the same time perfecting his exceptional eye and gift for intricate embroidery - which remains an important part of his designs to this day. The essence of Laskaris's style combines the timeless elegance of haute couture with an acute awareness of contemporary fashion trends. Laskaris believes that "a good couturier is a bit like a plastic surgeon: creating waists where there are none, removing inches from where they should not be, investing brides with a figure they did not know they possess!" FASHION FOLK S05 EP9 Arrey Kono [Berlin], Xavier Zazo and Clara Brull [Barcelona], AF Vandervost [Antwerp] "Arrey Kono [Berlin] As an artist, Arrey Kono is a remarkable shooting star and has an excellent reputation in the international world of fashion. Her fashion is sold in more than 35 countries worldwide. Her brand is a permanent fixture at the KaDeWe in Berlin and the Oberpollinger in Munich since October 2012. Her brand embodies instinct and passion, her fashion is artful, young and sexy. Xavier Zazo and Clara Brull [Barcelona] Xavier Zazo and Clara Brull are the designers behind the avant-garde Catalan female fashion firm zazo&brull. Their professional career has seen them participate at fairs such as Bread&Butter, Rendez-vous in Paris, Modefabriek in Amsterdam and MQ in Vienna. Their collections have also been on display on the catwalk at 080 Barcelona Fashion and the Valencia Fashion Week, and they have been invited to participate at the Barcelona bridal show Pasarela Gaudí, at the Bolivia Moda fashion-event in Santa Cruz and the SUL Fashion Week in Brazil. At the third international "El Botón -Mango Fashion Awards”, zazo&brull were chosen as one of the ten finalists as the only Spanish representatives. AF Vandervost [Antwerp] Belgian husband-wife team An Vandevorst and Filip Arickx launched their first collection in Paris in 1998 after graduating from the Fashion School of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp. They launched a shoe collection in 2003 and naturally segued into a lingerie line three years later. The pair is known for their deft contrasts in fabrics, textures, and colors, often layering silky lingerie-inspired pieces with tailored jackets, reworked white cotton button-downs, or dramatic capes.   FASHION FOLK S05 EP11 Satu Maaranen [Helsinki], Natalie Capell [Barcelona], Schumacher "Satu Maaranen [Helsinki] Finnish designer Satu Maaranen competed against nine other designers in the South of France, to be crowned winner of the 2013 Hyères Festival for Fashion and Photography. Her winning collection, entitled Garment Landscape, is a bold display of colour and extreme structured shapes. Inspired by the Land Art movement and 1960s haute couture, Garment Landscape is a collection of contrasts, where nature meets innovative fashion design. Satu's experimental use of colour and dimension, is what makes her sculptural tailoring and distinctive creative vision, a truly winning enterprise. Natalie Capell [Barcelona] Since the creation of her first dress at age 14, Natalie Capell has been dedicated to creating exceptional women’s clothing as a means of expression. She returned to her Catalan roots after graduating from Shenkar College of Design in Tel Aviv and established her brand in Barcelona in 2002. The brand embodies gentleness and strength at the same time, comfort and elegance, a reflection of the way of life of today's woman. Along with her studio team, she is dedicated to developing clothes that offer an alternative interpretation of modern femininity. After years of experience and research, gem-like pieces are created, noted for their interplay of transparencies and manual embroidery work. The boutique is an intimate space which hides a workshop round back, reminiscent of turn of the century ateliers in Paris. It is a place hidden in an alley of the old city, whose secret is spread by word of mouth since more than a decade ago… Dorothee Schumacher [Berlin] Dorothee Schumacher combines artisan couture with a modern lifestyle, which strongly expressed also in this collection: elegant clothes suitable for everyday met extraordinary detail and high quality materials. To design "favorite pieces" for the most sophisticated wardrobes in the world, is the passionate desire of the designer. And she has succeeded with this collection for sure! All that remains is to wait until the collection will be represented in more than 600 international fashion houses in over 40 countries. 2006, Schumacher was on the costumes for the Hollywood movie The Devil Wears Prada where Anne Hathaway and Meryl Streep were equipped accordingly.   FASHION FOLK S05 EP12 Ángel Vilda, Brain&Beast [Barcelona], Vanessa Bruno [PARIS], Riani [Berlin] "Ángel Vilda, Brain&Beast [Barcelona] Brain&Beast was born in 2010; Founded by Ángel Vilda, who previously managed his own brand, César Olivar, with an extensive background in costume design, and Verónica Raposo, designer and former student of Ángel and César, who both held teaching positions in fashion design. This collection reflects on games, riddles, hieroglyphics of apparent structural simplicity, that respond to complex geometrical equations in which color and materials form parts of codes where nothing is random. Brain&Beast is presenting garments that combine emotion and reason, with a strong influence of contemporary culture, as well as a large dose of sophistication and a sense of humor. Vanessa Bruno [PARIS] Vanessa Bruno was introduced to the fashion industry at an early age. The daughter of a Danish supermodel and founder of French fashion house Emmanuelle Khan, Bruno was surrounded by the industry. By 15 she was followed in her mothers footsteps modelling and began to lend her talents to singing and acting. Familiar with photo shoots and runways, Bruno sought work else where and turned her attention to fashion design. Enriching herself with clothing and couture, she decided to focus herself fully on designing. Bruno developed her skills working for Dorothée Bis and later on, Michael Klein. With her talent growing by 1992 Bruno had launched her own label. Creating a simple yet sophisticated look, her clothes offered a bohemian, modern style. Three years later Bruno went on to launch Athé, a complimentary line to Vanessa Bruno and by 1998 she opened her first boutique in Paris. Bruno embarked on several collaborations with designer and filmmaker Stephanie Di Giusto, designing clothes for short films, including “A Visual Poetry”, starring Kate Bosworth, the face of Vanessa Bruno since 2012. A favourite with fashion conscious celebrities, Bruno’s clothes are effortless and romantic. Fresh and elegant, Bruno’s famous Lune bag became a must have item, along with her Strass carrying bag. Riani [Berlin] RIANI is Italian lightness paired with German high class workmanship. We work entirely with premium, noble and some exclusively made materials. Thereby the perfect cut has a specific meaning - after all, a garment from RIANI should not only look fabulous on hanger, but also on the wearer. But we do even more. With love and accuracy we pay attention to consistently surprising details, as we are aware that our customers are fond of this. RIANI is fashion which reveals its own emphasized personality and not only pretends to be a personality. RIANI is fashion which always dresses you optimal. At a brunch with friends, at a meeting with business associates or at a candle light dinner with your beloved. Sometimes it is not so easy to discover a woman’s character. After all, there are lots of very different facets. This is not different at RIANI. RIANI is elitist, but not narrow minded. Traditional, but not conservative. Glamorous, but not trashy. You have to experience it by yourself, and only after that you will realize: Jürgen Buckenmaier lays the cornerstone for the RIANI success story in his home town of Schorndorf with his so-called “Bucki” trousers. Bucki trousers become a huge hit, with over 100,000 pairs being sold. Martine Cruse brings in a wealth of experience in fashion management. She is appointed second Managing Director of RIANI GmbH alongside Jürgen Buckenmaier. Ulrich Schulte becomes the new Head Designer at RIANI. Alongside him, there are five more designers involved in creating new and inspiring collections. FASHION FOLK S05 EP13 Alexis Reyna [Barcelona], Anne-Valerie Hash [PARIS], Athina Korda [ATHENS] Alexis Reyna [Barcelona] Barcelona born, Alexis Reyna has been enormously influenced by the artistic professions of his parents. This, along with his discovery of the erotic film Emmanuelle was to bring about the flourishing of his love for art. This interest never waned during his time as a student at the French Lycée in Barcelona, nor during his stay in Paris where he composed several poems and musical pieces. In 1995, he began studying Economics at Barcelona University, it was during this time that a lover 20 years older than him allowed him to discover the world of fashion. Following a self-taught training period, he had the chance to work for Stylemode in Barcelona as well as for other brands as a designer. Very soon he created his first collections and worked alongside J. Lindeberg, Filippa K and later with M.I.A. After an untypically rich stint, he studied an MA at Central Saint Martins and worked in Asia for three years. Winner of the Fall/Winter 2012 Best Collection at Barcelona Fashion Week. Alexis Reyna has established himself in Barcelona from 2008 onwards. His latest collection, ‘The Country Code’, unveiled at the last Barcelona Fashion Week in January can be found at TOTEM, an international agency based in Paris. Anne-Valerie Hash [PARIS] Hash graduated from the chambre Syndicale dela Couture Parisienne in 1992. Design gigs at Nina Ricci, Chloé, and Chanel followed, and in 1995, Hash began a small bridal business. Five years later, she connected with Phillippe Elkoubi, now her businesspartner, and launched a signature collection of handmade and ready-to-wear pieces, inspired by her whimsical muse: 14-year-old Parisian, Lou Liza Lesage. In 2001, Anne Valerie Hash presented her first ready-to-wear collection on the Paris couture circuit, where she continues to show. Her quirky, deconstructed looks – a dress crafted out of tailored men’s trousers, in particular – generated considerable buzz. But instead of pushing for megabrand status, Hash has kept her operation relatively small scale. Still, her masculine-feminin a esthetic – that’s gonemore girlies as of late – has cultivated a loyal following globally. Andin spring 2007, Bergdorf Goodman was the first to snyp up Hash’s new handbag line of buttery soft satchels trimmed with temininetrills. Athina Korda [Athens] The style , inspired by the music and the absolute geometric shapes , determined and characterized by strict lines and dark color tones . Daring and experimenting with different materials , often contradictory , shaping them so that creates emphasis on various pieces of the garment , regenerate body parts. The main design goal is to shape garments which can be redefined according to the woman who wears them and also to flatter the female body . FASHION FOLK S05 EP14 Juan Pedro Lopez [Barcelona], Andrea Karg, Allude [Munich], Anne Gorke [Berlin] "Juan Pedro Lopez [Barcelona] Juan Pedro López (Barcelona), graduated in design in 2000. In 1999 he wins first prize at the Smirnoff Fashion Awards Spain and is a finalist at their international final in Hong Kong. In 2002, he is a finalist at the Mittelmoda Fashion Award, Italy. Since 2000 he has unveiled six collections at the Gaudí Young Designers Show, until 2005, the year in which López made his Paris debut and on top of that, is invited to the Almaty Fashion Week in Kazakstan. Present for the second time at the Paris Fashion-Show in March 2006, he returns to the Barcelona stage. Invited to the first edition of 080 Barcelona, since 2007 he has combined his work as a designer along with that of a stylist. Allude [Munich] Andrea Karg is a native from Dusseldorf, now resident in Munich. Andrea spent her students years working as a model while she completed her law degree. At the early stage in her career, she collected innumerable experiences as part of the fashion industry, working in Europe`s fashion capitals. In 1993, she left legal affairs behind, and invested in her passion for fashion, with the launch of a self-designed cashmere knitwear collection branded ALLUDE. Anne Gorke [Berlin] ANNE GORKE originated in Weimar, the place where the Bauhaus was founded. The Bauhaus spirit and creative energy is still alive in a young design scene today and comes across in ANNE GORKE’s designs that show both, a well self-assured functionality and an elegant femininity. Architectural, silhouette-oriented cuts are a distinctive characteristic of ANNE GORKE’s designs. ANNE GORKE works exclusively with organic textiles of the best caliber. The production is designed in Germany, which not only ensures fair conditions, but also meets the highest standard of quality and craftsmanship. ANNE GORKE works closely with local workshops and craft businesses and uses exclusively organic textiles and fairly produced materials. An increasing number of customers are able to live happily, safe in the knowledge that they are making their own contribution towards sustainable awareness. This is why it is ANNE GORKE’s credo, to give customers the chance to fulfil this need without having to compromise on style, quality and aesthetics. FASHION FOLK S05 EP15 Carmen Emanuela Popa[Bucharest], Josep Abril [Barcelona], Diane Pernet [Manish Arora Film] "Carmen Emanuela Popa [Bucharest] "What inspires me… Drama of this world with all it entails, wars, famine, poverty .. in contrast to the “blessed” world with peace and joy of living, as I tried to juxtapose two complementary worlds in my last collection for the last season SS 2013 “Contemporary Unknown Soldier”. On the one hand the coat of unknown soldier, hero of a real war or of every day wars, as each of us … and peace offered by the image of a ballerina tutu, including the idea of innocence that actually soldier wears with him everywhere .. Sometimes, in the morning .. when I come back to the reality of this world .. I simply see these images! .. divine characters that basically talk about ourselves..." Josep Abril [Barcelona] Born in Barcelona in 1962. He studies Fine Art. He studies Design and Fashion at the “Escola d’Arts i Tècniques de la Moda” (EATM) in Barcelona. He lives and works in Barcelona. He creates his own firm in 1996. JOSEP ABRIL is a collection for men. It is currently commercially available via showrooms and multi-brand outlets. He unveils his catwalk shows in Madrid and Barcelona from 2003 to 2009. He has been Creative Director for the “ARMAND BASI ONE HOME” collection, presented in Paris since 2007. In 2006 his “BESPOKE” project for made-to-measure tailoring sees the light of day. In 2007 he forms ABRIL STUDIO, a studio for creating fashion CONCEPTS and PROJECTS. He launches the line “UNIFORMED BY” of design uniformity. He creates the costumes for shows, theater and opera. He gives classes and workshops at different Design Schools: I.E.D., ESDI, ELISAVA and FELICIDAD DUCE. He operates as an external consultant and Art Director. In 1991 he wins the first GAUDÍ Prize for new designers. In 2004 he receives the GQ Award for best designer for men in the country. In 2008 he receives the “Barcelona es Moda” (Barcelona is fashion) accolade for the best professional. "MANISH ARORA DIANE PERNET [PARIS] "HOLI HOLY - A FILM BY MANISH ARORA" BY BHARAT SIKKA from Diane Pernet's ASVOFF PRO 1 month ago not yet rated DIRECTOR: BHARAT SIKKA / CONCEPT: MANISH ARORA / COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: INDIA / DURATION: 5'00" / DESIGNER: MANISH ARORA / MUSIC: BISHI BATTACHARYA / CAST: BISHI BHATTACHARYA / DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY: TASSADUQ HUSSAIN / ARTISTIC DIRECTOR: MANISH ARORA AND BHARAT SIKKA / STYLIST: MANISH ARORA FASHION FOLK S05 EP16 Konstantinos Mitrovgenis [ATHENS] Albéniz Zúñiga [Barcelona] Umasan [Berlin] "Konstantinos Mitrovgenis [Athens] "Konstantinos Mitrovgenis was born in Athens. He studied fashion design at Zer-Fam School. He has showcased four times in AXDW. At 10th AXDW, he participated in the competition of «New Designers Awards» and he won the awards of «Best New Designer» and «Best Catwalk». As the winner of the first award «Best New Designer», he had the opportunity to participate in the organization «Bridge of Fashion» in Germany where he represented Greece among other fashion designers from 11 different countries. His style is different, modern and unique. He is a pioneer by creating lighted 3D structures, dresses with animations like the dress with the 800 eyes that blink, modular clothes like the bag that turns into a blouse and dress pants made into a coat. Albéniz Zúñiga [Barcelona] Maite Albéniz Zúñiga born on September 4, 1990 in Vitoria-Gasteiz moved to Barcelona at 19 to train as a fashion designer at Felicidad Duce School, from which she graduated this year. During the course, she made ??different bespoke garments for private clients and, after completing her final Project at the end of her studies, in which she had already decided on men’s fashion, she opted to found her own brand, Albéniz. Albéniz, is the vision of the man of your dreams and it is he who, in this first staging, debuts. Her style is characterized by delicacy and pulchritude in the selection of fabrics and trimmings, causing both garments and accessories to flaunt both a glam and eccentric soul. COLLECTION - ANGEL Angel, is a men's collection for spring / summer 2014. My inspiration comes from singer Ray Charles, who, in his concerts, sported tailored suits made of bold and innovative fabrics. This is the main concept I develop in the collection. Start with a sober pattern and make it out of striking and exquisite fabrics. Regarding the line, I took Mick Jagger as a reference, creating a slim clean vertical silhouette. The color scheme is pastel greens, blues, pinks and yellows along with whites and golds, creating a lucid, attractive and fresh image. The gold thread embroidery inspired by matador costumes together with Swarovskis makes for a daring and sophisticated style. The sumptuous fabrics and trimmings create a unique style fusing different textures and completing the final impression than could be that of a Rock star. Umasan [Berlin] Anja and Sandra Umann are identical twins who are identically fascinated with the world of art, literature, eastern philosophy, traditional yoga and a higher consciousness. While Anja Umann went on to study Fashion Design to become a designer in the high end avant-garde world of fashion, working successfully for Strenesse, Wunderkind and most impressively Yohji Yamamoto in Paris and Tokyo – Sandra Umann decided to follow her passion for visual Art and Media and became a well known photographer (published in Vogue, Gala, Bunte and many more) working as an artistic/creative director for many forward thinking global projects. The brand UMASAN is much more than fashion, it is their world, dedicated towards all things esthetic, sustainable, vegan and mindful. “Our demand and at the same time our motivation was to create something new which goes far beyond the production of clothing and establishment of a fashion brand. As innovation in the fashion industry also means to correct luxury mistakes, to re-define collective values and to increase individual values. This was reason enough for us to found UMASAN in 2010.“   FASHION FOLK S04 ep6 Henrik Vibskov, Azzaro & 22 "Henrik Vibskov Words by Didder Rønlund I fell head over heels for all Henrik Vibskov's quirks and curious ideas - indeed, for the entire energy and atmosphere of the collection, inside Carlsberg's large bottling hall. And yet again, I fell for the man himself, and his stone face as he shuffled in, and took his bow. That is, what it is called, when the designers enter the podium, after the finale, and receive their applause. I saw men in many kinds of trousers and even more colours, girls who did not hold back, and everyone wearing the same odd shoes, which probably could achieve some health labelling. Some of Vibskov's distinctive hats, with a tall, round crown, actually cheered you up. Use them with anything, even with a nice fur coat, if you have one. A special addition to this - plus vests, jackets, backpacks, shirts, dresses and blouses in provocative congestion - was Henrik's sharp eye for commercial clothing, for stores and target groups, who neither want to own tailor-made suits or ties. You need a formidable talent to contain all that. And Henrik Vibskov has that talent. Mathilde Castello Branco Azzaro's collections are always named alphabetically by season. The first season's collection featured clothing all given names starting with an A, the next with B names and so on. Azzaro admitted that he would sometimes skip a letter like Q, X or Z because it was too hard to find names for those letters. Azzaro released a wide range of products including women's and men's clothing lines and accessories as well as a wide range of fragrances. in 1975 he created his first fragrance for women, "Couture", which became his signature scent. Over time Azzaro became known for his fragrances as much as his clothing. His favourite colour was blue as he quoted: "The blue colour is the colour that suits me". His inspirations came from the surroundings of his country of birth, Tunisia: "I let myself get carried by the atmosphere of the country of my childhood with its spiced odors, its colors, its flowers and its perfumes. It is the country where I really become myself, the country where my preferred color is everywhere, azure of the sea and the sky.” Twenty(2)too Heart and soul of the label "twenty (2) too" is Dan Mihai Zarug. In 2007 he moved to Paris, where he graduated from ESG with a MABA in „Luxury Marketing Management” in 2008. After an internship at the press office TOTEM in Paris, where Mihai had his first contact with some of the most cutting edge contemporary designers in Paris, he took on the job of studio director for Alain Gossuin`s Paris based studio. His first own collection twenty(2)too was launched in 2010."   FASHION FOLK S04 ep7 Edith & Ella, Christian Blanken & Holy Ghost "Line Markvardsen. Edith & Ella Edith & Ella is a Danish brand which was founded in 2004 by designer and director Line Markvardsen. The company started on a wholesale basis but in 2005 Edith & Ella opened the first flagship boutique in Copenhagen. The feminine and colourful styles turned out to be a success and made it possible to open more Edith & Ella boutiques. Today Edith & Ella has two concept boutiques in Denmark and a webshop. The brand is also sold in Sweden, Norway, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Italy,Ireland and Japan. In 2010 Edith & Ella launched their sub-brand called EPOQUE by Edith & Ella. EPOQUE is a twist to Edith & Ella. The two brands go very well hand in hand but both are also very strong individually. The look of EPOQUE is sharp, edgy and seducing. EPOQUE is as Edith & Ella sold in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Spain, Italy, Ireland and Japan. Edith & Ella believes in good, long-term business relations to their valued customers and suppliers. Owner Line Markvardsen believes that what goes around comes around and has made this the philosophy of the brand. She daily makes a great effort to make Edith & Ella a pleasant business partner as well as a pleasant company to work for with a lovely atmosphere. Christian Blanken Christian was born in the Netherlands but was raised in the Far East and UK. Christian studied for his BA at the Academy of Fine Art in Arnhem, Netherlands and completed his MA at Central Saint Martins. He has previously designed for Michael Kors, Diane Von Furstenberg, Harvey Nichols Private Label and the MaxMara Fashion Group. SIGNATURES: “Clean, tailored, sharp, luxe and modern, not sweet!” IDEAL CLIENT: “Charismatic with an artistic side. She is sensory; she enjoys and understands good fabric, tailoring and attention to detail. Her lifestyle requires easy, modern and interesting pieces.” HOLY GHOST The three young women Sedina Halilovic, Ivana Bogicevic and Jelena Radovanovic have shared a deep friendship for over 10 years. Out of their love for fashion, in Spring 2010 holyGhost was born. Sedina Halilovic, The Creative Spirit (born 1982 in Munich): Sedina has studied Fashion Management at „Akademie für Mode und Design“ in Munich and is responsible for the design. Ivana Bogicevic, The Spirit of Development (born 1980 in Kraljevo/ Serbia): Ivana studied at the public School of Fashion in Munich and gained a master in fashion development. She is responsible for production and quality management. Jelena Radovanovic, The Managing Spirit (born 1983 in Belgrade/ Serbia): Jelena has graduated in Econimics at the State University in Munich. She is the head of Sales and Marketing."   FASHION FOLK S04 ep8 Costume National, Anne-Sofie Madsen & Paris Valtadoros "CoSTUME NATIONAL An Italian fashion house founded in 1986 by Ennio Capasa, Creative Director, and his brother Carlo, CEO of the Maison, which has its head offices in Milan. The company produces clothing under the brands Costume National, Costume National Homme (for men) and C’N’C (an ‘avant garde “street-couture” line’[1]) as well as scents including The Trilogy, Scent Gloss, Scent Cool Gloss, Intense, 21, and Homme. The company was founded in 1986 in Milan by Ennio Capasa, fresh from working in Japan as an assistant to Yohji Yamamoto, and by his brother Carlo. Its first womenswear collection was presented in Milan in the same year. In 1991 the ‘Woman Collection’ was presented in Paris. Between 1995 and 1998 the fashion house opened stores in Milan, New York, Rome, Los Angeles and Paris. Anne Sofie Madsen With her 2009 final project from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, she took the Danish fashion press with storm and proved that Danish Design has an international format. After opening the Copenhagen Fashion Week with the SS12 collection in 2011, Anne Sofie Madsen was selected ‘Once to Watch’ by the Vauxhall Fashion Scout, which led to a show of the AW 12/13 collection in London, Milan, Kiev, and Saint Petersburg. Anne Sofie Madsen now presents her SS 2013 collection at Copenhagen Fashion Week in August. The collection combines Anne Sofie Madsen's couture look with a commercial approach, which sees both made-to-order and ready-to-wear styles, reflecting the designer's time at the Parisian trend forecaster Peclers and since at the House of John Galliano. Before graduating, Anne Sofie Madsen was appointed Junior Designer at the House of Alexander McQueen in London. Anne Sofie Madsen's sense of esthetics departs from the traditional, Danish design and her unique sartorial skills marks the meeting between airy materials and somber, avant-garde applications. All in all the collection is of international format and once again cements Copenhagen's position as the most inspiring fashion metropolis of the North. Paris Valtadoros Paris Valtadoros was born in Macedonia, Greece. His apprenticeship in the secrets of female's clothing commences within the family business in his early years. As a young man, he's moving to Athens initially for studies in economics, only to abandon them after a short period in order to follow his inclination. At the beginning of his professional life toward women's garments, he works as purchasing manager at known clothing company, while at the same time he cooperates with the national television as a stylist and with women's magazine as a fashion advisor. Following the opening of his first prêt a porter boutique in Naxos Island, he meets his need to express himself through his personal creations, by attending the AKTO's course of studies in Fashion Design, in which he succeeds ." FASHION FOLK S04 ep9 Ole Yde, Maria Grachvogel & Aslanis Ole Yde - Copenhagen "YDE by Ole Yde The collection YDE mixes elements of tradition, fairy tales and femininity. The aim of the designer, Ole Yde, is to blend history, art, quality and esthetics together in order to create a fresh and refined view of today's woman. Ole Yde's work is focused on the expressive conveying of feelings and moods. The Copenhagen based brand Yde was first launched in 2005, at which time Ole Yde won the Illum design award for his innovative and sophisticated creations. In 2010, both the Silver Thread and the GINEN awards went to Ole Yde for the new talent and the designer of the year respectively. His collections aim at reincarnating the classic feminine beauty using top quality workmanship and material. For Spring/Summer 2013 Ole Yde continues his dream of attempting to bring back the gentle, strong and above all elegant woman. Maria Grachvogel - London BACKGROUND: “I decided I wanted to be a fashion designer aged 8 and I started cutting and making clothes from around age 12. My initial learning was at school in the Fashion and Textiles class where I learned some basics of pattern cutting and assembly. Then my own fascination for cut, form and drape led me to develop my own blocks and cutting techniques which have been the basis of my work. It was always my dream to be a designer with my own label and I therefore started my own business when I was 18. I was so determined and focused I didn't even consider the value working for another designer would bring.” SIGNATURES: “Contemporary, versatile pieces that make women feel amazing. I use unconventional methods of cutting and fitting to create clothes that work in harmony with a woman’s body.” IDEAL CLIENT: “A strong, confident woman who is drawn to my collection. She has a strong sense of her own personal style.” Michalis Aslanis - Athens Michalis Aslanis After the collection "dance of decades" for the summer 2012, comes along the collection "dance of decades" for the winter 2012-2013. Michalis Aslanis was born in Mikra Asia and he graduated from BAKALO school of Design where he mastered in decoration, graphic Arts, History of Art and Theatre. Finally, the dazzling world of fashion captured his interest since 1974, and dedicated since, his life and career in fashion. Today, he is considered to be one of the most famous Greek designers He has showcased his work in most European cities. At Paris he represented Greece in Avenue FOS in a show where the 25years of French Pret a Porter, were celebrated with the contribution of the world's most famous designers. Moreover the French LIBERATION presented his collection during IGEDO fashion show in Dusseldorf, which was inspired by the Byzantium years, with excellent reviews and at the same time the high valued network CNN covered the event. During the recent years he was invited by many cities to showcase his work including, Frankfurt as a guest of the mayor of Frankfurt, and Princess Caroline of Monaco, where he took part in a Red Cross Gala. As a guest of the Turkish Ambassador he participated in a fashion show in Istanbul and Agira. Every show of Michalis raises favorable reviews not only by the Greek Media but also from high valued networks abroad. His work has a mainly ethnological style, but his main axis is Greece."   FASHION FOLK S04 Ep13 Christophe Josse, Burce Bekrek & Peter Jensen Christophe Josse - Paris "Christophe Josse joins in January 2011, the very closed circle of the Haute Couture which confers him the prestigious title of "grand couturier". After studies in history of art and collaborating over than fifteen years with famous designer houses, in July 2005 Christophe Josse presents his first collection under his own name. At the end of 2008, he opens his Haute Couture House at 231 rue Saint-Honoré in Paris. Christophe Josse only designs ethereal collections with an apparent lightness based on an ultra controlled technique. This is made possible by the unique experience of an Haute Couture atelier capable of creating outstanding magic. Romantic, sensual and delicate silhouettes, deliberately anchored in modernity. BURCE BEKREK - Istanbul Burce Bekrek is one of the most aspiring upcoming fashion designers of Turkey. Within two years she developed an unique signature style for modern designs with a focus on clean cuts, excellent fit and high quality fabrics. Serenity and minimalism are the core foundation throughout Burce Bekrek´s design process. She is focussing on the simple pattern of a garment and is refining it with her remarkable details. By designing unique, functional, tailored and high quality pieces of clothing she aims to create an outstanding yet simplistic look. The wearability of her outfits are an important purpose for Burce Bekrek as she wants her collections to accommodate the lifestyle of the women wearing them. Peter Jensen- London Peter Jensen Since the onset of the Noughties, Peter Jensen has carved out a reputation as a designer whose impeccably produced creations thread together mischievous humour and a celebratory approach to individuality, with an impressive attention to detail and lightness of touch. This approach is clearly apparent within his designs for both men and women - the results of which always deftly remain on the wearable side of unconventional. Based in London, though originally hailing from Logstor, Denmark, Jensen initially launched his eponymous menswear line immediately after graduating - with a Distinction - from Central Saint Martins, in 1999. This, along with his prior training in the various disciplines of graphic design, embroidery and tailoring, has consistently enabled his work to be as technically adept as it is inspired and original."   FASHION FOLK S04 ep14 Aminaka Wilmont, Freya Dalsjo & Marcel Ostertag "Maki Aminaka Löfvander and Marcus Wilmont. - London BACKGROUND: Maki is from Japan and Sweden. Marcus hails from Denmark. The designers met while working for Robert Cary-Williams. They studied at Royal College of Art, Central Saint Martins and University of Boras. SIGNATURES: “Sensual, flowing and innovative silhouettes embracing soft, voluminous draping of effortless complexity and avant-garde tailoring.” IDEAL CLIENT: “Self-confident, serene and sensual, with an appreciation of creativity and pure unconventional beauty.” TRADEMARK PIECES: “Experimental drape dresses in abstract prints and asymmetric distressed leather jackets.” Freya Dalsjö - Antwerp Emerging from Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp, Freya Dalsjö showcased her first collection as a live installation fusing fashion and art at this year's Copenhagen Fashion Week. The young designer Freya Dalsjö had the privilege of opening Copenhagen Fashion Week SS13 - a debut collection that revealed the future of danish design. The show took place in Carlsberg's old brewery where the industrial buildings made a fitful setting for Freya Dalsjö's powerful show. Freya Dalsjö's work centers around the tension between opposites; internal and external conflicts. A chaos that emphazises a confident and sexy vitality. "The Freya Dalsjö woman is not even doubting. She is not innocent nor naive. She is not pretending nor looking for validation. She is confident, impressive, outstanding and seductive. She doesn't uniform herself with clothes, she frames herself in it." The show was envisaged as a live installation. A movie showing kaleidoscopic figures in feather and latex introduced the live show, where visuals of a dark marching fashion army accompanied with a mixture of pompous and uncompromising soundscapes, creating a powerful atmosphere around the women and the garments. The shadows are haunting the light. Sharp white shapes are challenging the dark. Delicate feathers and silk are combined with raw latex and python skin. What is exclusive and fragile meets the perverted and animalistic, in a battle between good and evil. MARCEL OSTERTAG - Munich Marcel Ostertag is maker and brand in one. In his studio, surrounded by the pulsating streets of the Gärtnerplatz quarter, he creates his collections which are set between tradition and modernity. During his studies at the renowned Central St. Martins College in London, Marcel Ostertag could extend his feeling and know how for fashion and is constantly developing thanks to numerous international shows and collaborations. Catwalk shows in Shanghai, Beijing, London and Vienna are in the meantime routine, as is the seasonal show in the course of the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin. He draws his inspiration from nature, encounters with interesting people, travels and foreign countries – but never forgets his roots. He has worked on projects with Burberry, Paul Smith and Dunhill, furthermore great brands such as Miele and Volkswagen are amongst his customers. He finally devoted himself to the glamour of fashion with the launch of his own label Marcel Ostertag in 2006. His fashion is exclusively produced in Germany, as his credo is ‘quality needs control’. That is what his style demands and you can feel it in every fantastic piece by Marcel Ostertag." FASHION FOLK S04 ep15 Victoria Sarri, Dietrich Emter & Claudia Rosa Lukas Victoria Sarri - Athens "Victoria S. by F. Erotokritos "Fashion Erotokritos", the already established fashion textile store and the most favorite artistic frequented place, loyal to its values and to its new ideas, it innovates, once more, and substantially supports new talented fashion designers in their first big step. By initiating this valuable effort, it collaborates with the up-and-coming designer, Victoria Sarri and her sensational collection. Providing her with the opportunity to participate, with our textiles and with the utmost attention of our experienced and professional team, Victoria Sarri will outdo herself by presenting her best work. DIETRICH EMTER - Berlin After studying fashion design at Lette Verein Berlin, Dietrich Emter went to Paris to develop his practical skills, and to learn from the high end brands of the French fashion industry. At Balenciaga, Emter worked alongside Nicolas Ghesquières, who influenced him significantly in his style. Later he worked at Isabel Marant, and as a junior designer for Chloé. In March 2011, he launched his own fashion label in Berlin, DIETRICH EMTER, and in September presented his first collection to international buyers at the famous Lakic showroom, Paris. Claudia Rosa Lukas - Vienna Lukas studied under the legendary Viennese designer Helmut Lang when he taught at Vienna's University of Applied Arts and he set her on the minimalist path. "He made his students do a lot of research to discover the essentials of a garment," says Lukas. "He made us think about every seam you need and don't need and how to construct modern basics." Lukas says she has been interested in fashion for as far back as she can remember. I was into faces and hands first and finally the covered female body. I began by redesigning old clothes." She doesn't like themes or collections with names. "Why bother with unwanted associations?" She asks, describing her style as "a quiet revolution in this fuss-driven fashion world."" FASHION FOLK S04 ep16 Kaviar Nassos SponDiogo "KAVIAR GAUCHE -Berlin They create must-have bags and conceptual, feminine, avant-garde clothes. The Berlin-based label was launched with a guerrilla fashion show in front of the Paris department store Colette in 2003. Eversince, KAVIAR GAUCHE has held a successful presence at an international level. Following a successful debut of their Spring/Summer 2009 collection at London Fashion Week in September 2008, KAVIAR GAUCHE kicked off a spectacular fashion show during Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin for Autumn/Winter 2009. As early as September 2006, KAVIAR GAUCHE received the London “ON OFF Visionary Award” and its SS07 collection was presented in a runway show at the prestigious London Fashion Week. Immediately following this success, KAVIAR GAUCHE was nominated for the “Swiss Textiles Award”. The KAVIAR GAUCHE SS08 collection won the “New Generation Fashion Award” at the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Berlin. The Label is continually represented in press and at the beginning of 2008, KAVIAR GAUCHE was elected under “the 10 most important German Fashion Designers”. Nassos Ntotsikas - Athens Graduate of Academia di Roma, specialized in knitwear and having worked along with well-established names of the fashion world in Greece and abroad. Nassos Ntotsikas having won the Best Trendsetter Award by Mtv last season presents his 4th collection: haute couture combined with knitwear expertise. Knitted garments of forms stylized using the latest equipment and of the finest materials -sometimes left in their natural state, sometimes treated- multiple-activity clothes that can be transformed to suit the mood and style of every woman. SPON DIOGO - Berlin/Copenhagen Mia Lisa Spon and Rui Andersen Rodrigues Diogo have worked together as a design team for more than four years and have designed for various companies on projects such as male / female Prêt-à-Porter collections, jewellery, bags, identity programmes etc. Mia Lisa Spon is a trained tailor and has worked for Danish and Swedish fashion and apparel companies. Rui Andersen Rodrigues Diogo is self-taught in the field of design. Rui ran an art gallery and boutique in Reykjavík and has worked as an arts editor on Danish fashion magazine III and with industrial and graphic design. They both live and work in Copenhagen. In the spring of 2008 they founded their label, SPON DIOGO, presenting their collections in Copenhagen and Paris every season. Mid October 2008, their first 10-piece collection, exclusively for Danish boutique PARISTEXAS, was launched. This capsule collection was a pre-collection for their Spring/Summer 2009 collection entitled "FACETS". Their Autumn/Winter 2009 collection is a full collection comprising of 35 pieces. Their approach to designing is architectonic, graphic and strongly based on their love for materials and tailoring. The Spon Diogo woman is urban, very social and strong." FASHION FOLK Series 3 [13x26min episodes] FASHION FOLK S03 ep1 Fatima Lopez,[Pars], Kinder Aguggini [UK], Muelhbauer [Vienna] Fatima Lopez [Lisbon] Fátima comes from the Portuguese island of Madeira. She was born and grew up in its capital city, Funchal. Since an early age she showed an interest in fashion and during her adolescence, unhappy with what the shops had to offer in terms of clothing, started to design her own clothes. Being fluent in English, French and German, she worked as a tourist guide for a local travel agency. In 1990 Fátima moved to Lisbon, where she believed she could better pursue a career as a fashion designer. With a friend she opened a boutique named "Versos", which sold mainly clothes from international designers. In 1992 the boutique changed its name to "Fátima Lopes" and in that year the Fátima Lopes brand was born. In September of the same year, she participated in a fashion show made in an old convent in Lisbon (Convento do Beato), where her work was widely applauded. In 1994 she exhibited her collection in Paris at the "Salon du Prêt-à-Porter Feminin". Two years later she opened her first international store in Paris, located in the famous rue de Grenelle. At the same time she began to diversify her collections by creating bags and shoes for both men and women. Kinder Aguggini [London] Kinder Aggugini CollectionKinder is an intriguing character. An Italian Ex-punk, he studied at St. Martins during the 1980?s and worked on Savile row before movingto John Galliano (where he applied for the job dressed as a policeman). He also worked at Vivienne Westwood, Paul Smith, Calvin Klein, Costume National and as a head designer for Versace following the death of Gianni. Its a pretty fine fashion heritage by anyone’s standards In 1903 Julianna Mühlbauer laid the foundation stone of the now over 100 year old family business. She opened a small millinery with shop attached in the Viennese suburb of Floridsdorf with her husband Robert. Fashion Folk S03 ep2 John Rocha, Gaspard Yurkievich & Christine Berger John Rocha [UK] [London] Born in Hong Kong and of Chinese and Portuguese descent, John Rocha moved to London in the 1970's to study fashion. He eventually moved to Dublin in the 1980's where he has lived for the past twenty-two years, working closely with his wife and business partner Odette. The opening of the Morrison Hotel in 1999 confirmed John Rocha's successful involvement in the first of a number of architectural projects. Working with interior design and structural architecture, office and residential projects have been completed in Dublin and Liverpool. In July 2002, John Rocha's contemporary range of organically inspired jewellery was launched. Gaspard Yurkievich [Paris] [Paris] Known for his wild and outlandish catwalk presentations, French designer Gaspard Yurkievich is also fast becoming the designer of choice by fashion forward young men and women who like wearing street and urban clothes with a Parisian touch. A native of Paris, (born May 16, 1972), Gaspard Yurkievich studied at the Studio Bercot from 1991-93; wherein after graduation, he trained under Jean Paul Gaultier, Thierry Mugler and Jean Collona. To hone his skills, the Paris native entered several competitions, one of them the 12th International Festival of Art and Fashion at the Hyeres (May 1997), wherein he won for the women’s collection as well as the 3 Suisse Prize. The next year (1998), Yurkievich won the ANDAM competition. Christine Berger [Vienna] [Vienna] Christina Berger is the very tongue-in-cheek representative of Vienna’s up-and-coming young generation of fashion designers. Her clothes are as extravagant as her collection titles are daring. With some amusement we remember the title she chose for fall 2009, which is YOU DID A GREAT BLOW JOB, BRIGITTE! YOURS FREDL M - allegedly referring to Brigitte Nielsen and Freddy Mercury as outstanding inspirations.Well well well… Now Christina has come up with something new, something exciting, something never heard of before (uhm…). Starting on September 17 and until Sept. 25 she will tour the fashion capitals of Europe with her spring 2010 collection, the overall motto is White Vest in Wild West. If that’s not something, then we don’t know. Fashion Folk S03 ep3 Felipe Oliviera Baptista, Samantha Sotos & Jasper Conran Felipe Oliveira Baptista [Paris] Portuguese designer Felipe Oliveira Baptista has been in the fashion industry since 1997, working for such names as Max Mara, Cerruti and Thimister as well as doing free lance design, photography and graphic design. He showed his first collection under his own name in 2002 and was quickly recognized, becoming the co-winner of the “Grand Prix” at the “Festival de Hyeres”, since then he has won several other awards as well as been invited to join the official Calender of Paris Haute Couture, fathered by Hermes and Gaultier. He has now launched his 2008 Spring collection, a mix of couture and ready-to-wear. Jasper Conran [London] The son of design guru Sir Terence Conran, Jasper Conran was literally born (1960) to the world of design. At 19, when he produced his first collection, it did not really surprise anyone. Of course, at that time, he already has a degree in Design from Parsons School of Design (1977) and had already worked at Fiorucci (New York) and Wallis (London). The British Design Council has called him a "classicist" and had awarded him the much coveted British Designer of the Year Award in 1986. He also designs contemporary crystals for Stuart. For his work at Stuart Crystals, Jasper Conran quoted: "When Stuart invited me to collaborate on a collection of contemporary crystal, I approached it in the same way I approach designing clothes - use the best materials and keep it simple." Sydney born, Athens based "Euralian" designer.   Manish Arora [India] Manish Arora is regarded by many as "the John Galliano of India".[6] He is known for a rich palette of psychedelic colours and kitsch motifs in garments that combine traditional Indian crafts like embroidery, appliqué and beading with Western silhouettes Eun Jong [London] Career highlights: “There are many: winning Fashion Fringe 2008; working as a part-time tutor on the Fashion Design course at Kent Institute; developing my own label ‘1st element by hong eun jeong’; designing uniforms for Hyundai Department store staff in Korea; illustrating for an international textile magazine. I designed three collections in Seoul, Korea and became a manager of the overseas business department at D.S Textile in UK at the same time as running my own label in the UK. Design background: Eun graduated from Kent Institute with a BA and then completed her MA at Central Saint Martins. She was manager of the Overseas Business Department at D.S. Textile in the UK. Peachoo Krejbourg[India-Denmark] Peachoo Datwani and Roy Krejberg, the Indian-Dutch duo behind Peachoo + Krejberg, belong to the Belgian wing of Paris fashion. They specialize in monochomes, deconstruction, odd volumes, and, when glitz does enter the picture, an organic sort of bling. With its askew jackets, floppy asymmetric skirts, and draped layers, fashion followers saw shades of Ann Demeulemeester’s Spring 2009 collection in the show they put on at the Musée de l’Homme yesterday, their fourth at Paris fashion week. Osman [London] Osman Yousefzada, has created a distinctive signature for his label. Osman Yousefzada studied Fashion Design at Central St Martins then launched his own label in September 2005. Exclusively available at Browns is Osman Yousefzada first pre-collection of his best-selling styles. The designs are tailored, architectural and will flatter all women. Celebrity fans include Thandie Newton, Mary Kate-Olsen, Charlize Theron, Kerry Washington, Jemima Khan, Lily Cole, Kate Moss, Alice Delall and Alek Wek Jessie LeComte [Brussels] After finishing her studies at the Antwerp Fashion Academy in 1996, Jessie Lecomte worked as an intern and freelance designer for different labels. As a director of design, Jessie Lecomte is known for her technical expertise and her creative vision. With her own label, Jessie Lecomte expresses a personal and purely creative view on today’s fashion. Her collections translate the designers’ affinity for intelligent details, noble fabrics and modern cut. The collections are based on the exercise of shapes, structures and techniques rather than on thematic concepts.   Harry Halim [Paris] Harry Halim is an Indonesian born designer based in Paris who has been designing since 2005. His designs are delicately crafted and immaculately tailored. Harry Halim's first collection was launched in 2006. Halim won the Asian Young Designer Contest that same year. In 2008 Halim relocated to Paris. Halim's designs have a distinctive modern-romanticism and darkly sensual aesthetic, which is always imaginative, deeply provocative and very glamorous. Betty Jackson [London] Born in Lancashire (1949), Betty Jackson started her fashion career as a fashion illustrator during her senior year (1971) at the Birmingham College of Art. She did that for three years, and then she moved on to get her "hands-on experience" as a design assistant. In 1981, ten years after graduation, she struck on her own, and founded Betty Jackson Ltd. Described by the British Fashion Council as a "directional classicist" Betty Jackson's style of dressing is based on comfort and relaxed style. Leaning heavily on unstructured separates and daywear, Betty Jackson's creations are usually soft and feminine. She usually gets her inspirations from colors and patterns, imagining it being worn by a woman, and then designs around that palette. Easy, contemporary and liberated clothes are the adjectives that describe Betty Jackson's work. "My work is understated and easy. I do not like formal dressing and I always try to achieve a relaxed and casual look. The mix of texture and pattern is very important and we work with many textile designers to have specialness and exclusivity on fabrics. Unexpected fabrics are often used in simple, classic shapes." Carine Gilson [Brussels] A Fine Arts graduate from the Brussels academy and the Antwerp Fashion Academy, Carine Gilson was only 23 when she bought a small sewing workshop. In 1994 she created the “Carine Gilson Lingerie Couture” line. The most precious and noble materials are used in her collections. Carine Gilson is one of the rare designers to imagine lingerie as more than a simple accessory. Each season, she is inspired by a different artistic theme (Russian ballet, Klimt, Art Nouveau, Art Deco…). Production takes place in her own workshop in Brussels where, for more than 15 years, she has perfected her skills and the quality of her work. Handmade design in a “haute couture” spirit. The use of subtle colours gives the collection a timeless quality while remaining determinedly modern. Very quickly, she seduced the most prestigious shops and departments stores, from New York to Tokyo, via Rome and London. In 2006, Carine Gilson opened her first shop in Paris, and in the same spirit, in 2007 in London. Eley Kishimoto [London] Eley Kishimoto are surface Decorators. Fundamentally striving to make the world a prettier place, Eley Kishimoto create work that is clear in intention, executed simply, and with creative flair; they do not succumb to trends and fads. Instead the vision is clear and in the forefront, fashion is used as a platform to communicate with a wide and varied audience. From a partnership forged in the early 90's, Eley Kishimoto quickly gained a reputation for incisive and intelligent print design with their work being displayed on the catwalks of the world through work with Louis Vuitton, Marc Jacobs, Alexander McQueen, Alber Elbaz and Jil Sander, to name but a few. In the mid 90's the partnership moved into the fashion world with the launch of their first womenswear collection; this proved to be such a success that the company has produced collections ever since. The principle activity is womenswear fashion, but Eley Kishimoto has already worked with partners to offer footwear, hosiery, sunglasses, leather belts, and various 'flash' collaborations, under the umbrella of womenswear mainline. Delight [Athens] Athens-based fashion designers Daphne Iliaki and Evi Retziou created their first Autumn/Winter 2009/2010 collection after graduating from fashion school in June 2008. They have Marketing and Accounting educational background respectively. They presented their projects, individually, for the Create Europe: Fashion Academy Award at the Hellenic Fashion Week in March 2008. They both attended a workshop for Fashion and Architecture: Food-wear for the Hellenic Fashion Week in September 2008 and presented their work on the last day of shows. Their collaboration began as soon as they realized they had similar views on fashion, such as conceptual projects, geometric forms, the search for unusual materials and a humorous look on fashion. DELIGHT presented their first collection Autumn/Winter 2009/2010 at the Athens Fashion Week in March 2009. Since then they have been regularly presenting their collections every season in Athens Fashion Week. On April 2010 DELIGHT presented their F/W 2010 Collection at Cluj Napoca Fashion Week in Rumania. DELIGHT designed the staff uniforms for the Onassis Cultural Centre Athens since their design proposal was accepted. DELIGHT won the first prize of the Most Commercial Design Collection for Spring 2011 at the 1st International Designer Awards held by the IAF (International Apparel Federation) that took place in Hong Kong(5-7 October 2010). Their clothes can be found in Athens, Moscow and Berlin. Fashion Folk S03 ep8 Ashish [UK] MED[Athens] Amya [Madrid] Ashish [London] Ashish Gupta is about colour and fun with a fifties twist. Baggy halter-top pleated mini dresses were styled with spandex tights as Ashish’s first looks of the collection. These mini dresses were made in a simple cotton fabric, which had a sparkle finish within the fabric. This same fabric is later carried over into his punk off the shoulder oversized jumpers. Small cardigans and tweed coats were layered on top of printed dresses and shirts. Many traditional items such as trouser suits were more relax with a loose fit. Track suits in burgundy and midnight blue were loose fit as well. These track suits are comfortable chic yet stylish with a cute pump. A signature motif this season for Gupta is his multi-rainbow colour sweaters and dresses. This motif is full of small threads intricately splashed all over which are reminiscent of jumpers from children of the 80’s. Stretching back to the 50’s, Gupta designed poodle skirts in funky colours with layers of tulle slips underneath to give a dynamic flare. These key skirts were simply styled with tanks and sweat shirts with political slogans such as: “Children are Special. “ Gupta is a budding new talent who is catching the true spirit of London style. Amya Arznaga [Madrid] Amaya Arzuaga (born in Lerma (Burgos), in 1970), is a Spanish designer. She studied in the UPM and in 1992 she finished Fashion Design and joined her parents' enterprise, Elipse. In 1994, she created her own firm. She sells and shows her collections regularly in international fashion fairs like Atmosphère (Paris), Fashion Cotterie (New York), Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana (Milan), Pasarela Cibeles (Madrid), Passarel·la Gaudí (Barcelona), and London Fashion Week(London). Amaya Arzuaga has more than 200 boutiques in Spain. SERIES 3: Fashion Folk S03 ep9 Lakis Gavalas[Athens] Dejana Kabiljo [Vienna] Emilio DelaMoreno[UK] Lakis Gavalas [Athens] Fashion is not Lakis Gavalas’ first choice in life. He was born in 1957 and comes from a wealthy family from Piraeus. His father was the owner of a marble processing factory and the little Apostolakis (this is his real name) is a graduate of the Greek-French School. The designer told for Athens Magazine that his first job was at age of 17 at a furrier who made school bags in the area of Monastiraki. There, he demonstrated his talent in fashion for the first time as he managed to make a few state-of-the-art bags for that time. According to him, these bags were very successful. He went to Italy as a dancer at the age 20 and started working in the Italian television RAI. He discovered the world of fashion there and became fashion shows choreographer first. His more creative collaboration with Italian designers began when he was 27 and at the age of 29 he returned to Greece with the idea to open a shop on the island of Rhodes, which at that time was still a free zone and all luxury goods would be imported duty free. Later, his commercial network started growing, and then he created his own brand of apparels .LAK, although he does not like to be called a designer. Dejana Kabiljo [Vienna] The multidisciplinary artist and designer Dejana Kabiljo currently lives and works in Vienna. After graduating in architecture at the University of Belgrade and receiving a Master Degree in design from the Domus Academy in Milan, she took up the post of Art Director at the Vienna Museum of Technology. Two years later, she started her own professional practice for design and architecture and was lecturer at the University of applied Arts in Vienna. She launched her own design brand Kabiljo Inc and had the chance to showcase her first collection in exhibitions at the MAK in Vienna. Kabiljo had personal exhibitions all over the world, amongst others in Tokyo, London, Milan, Vienna, of which, the humorous PRETTYPRETTY collection, which consists of hairy bar stools, poufs and chairs, was perticularly successful. Emilio de la Morena [London] Emilio De La Morena is a fashion designer, born in Spain but based in Britain since 1993. After graduating with a first class honours degree in International Business from Edinburgh, De La Morena joined one of the world’s leading brand consultancies based in London. He began studying Fashion Design at Central Saint Martins in 2002, going on to work for Rafael Lopez and Jonathan Saunders. De La Morena's work is inspired by his Spanish heritage, often featuring complex use of obscure craft techniques. He reached the semifinals of the Fashion Fringe Award with his debut womenswear collection in 2005. In 2008, the designer was the recipient of New Generation sponsorship for the first time. Fashion Folk S03 ep10 Guy Laroche[Paris] And-i [Vienna] Kyriakidis [Athens] Guy Laroche [Paris] Marcel Marongiu sees fashion design as a genuine means of communication. He wants people to be able to live out their fantasies by wearing his clothes and to discover what he terms "la vie plus belle," the beautiful life. Marongiu designs clothes that are classically elegant yet also up to date, sexy, and carefree. His style is always strong and pronounced, the cut always clean and streamlined, emphasizing the contours and shape of the human body. Stretch fabrics and natural classic fabrics, often with a small Lycra percentage, help him achieve these silhouettes. Andreas Eberharter [Vienna] andreas eberharter’s approach to design is that of a sculptor who seeks free access to expressions of artistic form. he uses new and unusual materials such as aluminum and acrylic glass, but also swarovski crystals and pearls or cubic zirconia. Victoria Kyriakidis [Athens] Victoria Kyriakides created her first collection in 1988. SInce then she boasts 34 personal collections and 16 years of creative presence in the industry. The Victoria Kyriakides label was founded in 1995. Her pret-a-porter deluxe collections are featured in boutiques all around Greece, Cyprus and London. In addition, she designs collections for some of the best known labels in the Greek industry as well as for advertising campaigns of major international companies. Since 2000 she has focused mainly on haute-couture. "I design and get my inspiration from nature, life and the beauty every woman radiates", says Victoria. Each one of her designs are unique and different. Based on each womans' personality and femininity she creates small works of art. Fashion Folk S03 ep11 Marloes Bhomer[Amsterdam] Lukas[Athens] Krug8 [Belgrade] Marloes Bhomer [London-Amsterdam] Marloes Ten Bhömer a London based Dutch product designer graduated from the London College of Fashion & The Royal College of Art. She is considered one of the most promising designers of her generation and has exhibited worldwide. Most recently she was nominated for the Grand Brit Insurance Design Award held at the Design Museum. Ten Bhömer’s shoes are both provocative and otherworldly; Her works question our perception of functionality, fusing art and technology to create an origami like production, working with materials ranging from wood to polyurethane resin, tarpaulin, steel and fiberglass. Marloes ten Bhömer is a Hussein Chalayan for the extremities.’ Wallpaper Magazine Lukas [Athens] Lukas studied Mechanical Engineering at the National Technical University of Athens but his passion for fashion design led him to AKMI IVT where he attended the Fashion Design and Styling courses. Following his dreams, he goes to Paris and takes some seminar courses in Fashion Design and Pattern Drafting as well as in accessories, bags and shoes Design at ESMOD (Paris). From that moment on, he keeps impressing us with his creations. To hone his skills, LUKAS entered the “Heering Accessorize 2009? competition wherein among the 12000 contestants, he won the first price and his participation in Copenhagen Fashion Week. His amazing personality and talent lead LUKAS to generate more fame and compliments on himself and his brand and it’s not surprising that Greek and international magazines (e.g. Glamour, Mirror, Life&Style, BHMAdonna, Athens Magazine, Marie Claire, Cosmopolitan, VOGUE UK, ELLE UK) shed their lights on his creations. He builds up connections with Greek artists (Despina Vandi, Tamta and Antigone Psihrami) and media shows like Greek Next Top Model, Greek Idol while his haute couture red geisha gown in X-Factor back in 2009 attracted all fashionista’s eyes. His creations now can be found in boutiques in major cities around the world (Copenhagen, Los Angeles and New York). Belgrade based fashion designer consortium including a Milliner, Architect and Leathergoods Designer. Fashion Folk S03 ep12 Delvaux [Brussels] Meadham Kirchoff [UK] Alexandrakis [Athens] Delvaux [Brussels] Founded in 1829 in Brussels, Delvaux is the oldest fine leather luxury goods company in the world. Delvaux has remained a family-owned company, precisely because it wants to protect such values as ethics, quality, exclusivity and elegance, and to be able to deliver an authentic luxury experience to its customers, based on their expectations. Delvaux is first and foremost about the product: handmade following the oldest craft traditions, using the finest leathers, created by renowned designers in limited editions to guarantee exclusivity. Products made with taste and perfection, to last generations. Meadham Kirschoff [London] English Edward Meadham and French born Benjamin Kirchhoff graduated from Central Saint Martins in 2002. The pair launched their womenswear collection, Meadham Kirchhoff, as part of Fashion East in February 2006. The pair have since won further shows with the scheme and have more recently been awarded catwalk sponsorship as part of NEWGEN scheme for the last 2 seasons. Defining their aesthetic incorporates a classic take on both bourgeois garments and hard street cultures. The continuous ongoing struggle between dark and light develops the label’s signature use of toughness against fluidity. The woman for whom they design is uncompromising, nonchalantly elegant, intelligent and melancholic. Katerina Alexandraki [Athens] Katerina Alexandraki is a contemporary designer, based in Athens, who likes to mix fashion with art and social issues. Her inspiration is derived from themes like geometry, the wheel of the bicycle, the game of chess, the supermarket as well as from Expressionistic and Surrealistic art forms. Her basic mission is to observe street life and the progression of music in the big cities around the world. Showcasing in 5th Floor, Bread and Butter, Premium, Ideal Showroom and Project Gallery in Berlin, she developed a strong bond with this historic city- often a source of inspiration..! Fashion Folk S03 ep13 Kenzo [Paris] Bettina Liano [Melbourne] NikosTakis [Athens] FASHION FOLK Series 2 [15x26min episodes] FASHION FOLK SERIES 2 Ep1 NICOLE FARHI She is so well established as a designer who designs sympathetically for like-minded women that she needs little explanation. Born in Nice and trained in fashion design, she moved to London in the early 1970's to work with Stephen Marks on the French Connection brand. She launched her own label with Marks in 1982 and added a very successful mens-wear collection in 1989. Two diffusion ranges called Farhi now exist for both men and womens-wear. Her flagship store in Bond Street, London houses her collections, her home-wares, swimwear and accessories plus her popular eponymous restaurant. There is an almost identical store just off Madison Avenue in New York. London. She has won many awards for both her mens and womens-wear collections; sculpts for a little more than relaxation and is married to the playwright David Hare. SOPHIE ALBOU Fashion scholar Sophie Albou first got her stylish feet wet at France's Fashion Institute. She followed her graduation with an appointment at Azzedine Alaia and then became a stylist for Le Garage. In 1995 Albou launched her first menswear collection, under the name "Paul and Joe" - a shout out to her two young sons. Two years later the designer released a womenswear line under the same moniker, to critical acclaim. FASHION FOLK SERIES 2 Ep2 Ben de Lisi American born de Lisi has built a reputation for designing clothes with a subtle, flattering glamour with collections that focus on eveningwear. From his Elizabeth Street shop his flourishing business in bridal dresses both couture and ready-to-wear has been expanded. His BDL evening range for Debenhams has been a mass-market success story while his interiors for a large property company in the UK have added another string to his bow. He also designs a range of bathrooms for Abacus and has plans to extend into other areas of lifestyle products. De Lisi has just started filming the third series of the television programme Project Catwalk where his role of feisty mentor to competitors has been impressive. SWAROVSKI - Nathalie Colin Roblique Nathalie Colin Roblique, Swarovski's Creative Director said, "A study in asymmetry, a search for slightly savage effects, and a desire for irregularity that satisfies a need for authenticity and truth... I wanted to create versatile and nomadic jewellery that never stops moving. "Alive and sensual," she added, "these jewels can be rolled up or draped. Their fringes echo human gestures and move with the body. Some jewels appear to be abstract sculptures - somewhere between jewellery and art objects - but they are neither narrative nor realistic." The slideshow gives you a glimpse of this fantastic show. To see details of the collection, immerse yourself into the Soul of Time and enjoy the ultimate experience. FASHION FOLK SERIES 2 Ep3 AMANDA WAKELEY She is a mirror of the women she aims to dress with an innate understanding of the confident, glamorous clothes they need. As her labels impressive A list clientele proves - Scarlett Johansson, Mischa Barton and Sarah Michelle Gellar are amongst her many fans. She has won the British Fashion Award for Glamour three times in the past. With new backers she has moved her production to China and India. MASSARO Raymond Massaro has had his hands on the most beautiful and famous feet in the world. And from the looks of the new thigh-high velvet boots he's crafting for Chanel, he's had his hands on a lot more than feet. He will not comment, though, beyond a sly smile and bemused twinkle in his eye. Discretion is of course de rigueur for those who cater to haute couture and the world's glitterati. Massaro will, however, admit that during his 56-year career, he has handcrafted shoes for the likes of Marlene Dietrich, the Duchess of Windsor, Claudia Schiffer, Morocco's King Hassan and fashion houses from Vionnet to Alaïa. One can only imagine what other famous feet have climbed the stairs to this dusty second-floor atelier on the rue de la Paix. FASHION FOLK SERIES 2 Ep4 AKIRA Akira Isogawa is one of Australia’s most celebrated designers. Born in Kyoto Japan, Akira moved to Australia in 1986 where he studied fashion design at the Sydney Institute of Technology, drawing inspiration from contemporary Japanese design. Since 1998, Akira has shown his collections in Paris, where he presents Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter collections to international buyers each year. He has achieved international recognition for his exquisite contemporary designs, which are sought after in every major fashion capital throughout the world. Akira continues to maintain a strong presence in Sydney, where he has shown his Resort collections during Australian Fashion Week since 1996. He has four stand alone boutiques in Australia – in Woollahra and the Strand Arcade, Sydney; the GPO in Melbourne; and, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane. Since being named Designer of the Year and Womenswear Designer of the Year at the Australian Fashion Industry Awards in 1999 Akira has received a string of awards. In 2007 Akira was awarded the inaugural Australian Fashion Laureate Award for his contribution to the Australian Fashion Industry. In 2006 Akira received the Award for Fashion Excellence. And, in 2005 he was honoured by Australia Post and his image appeared on an ‘Australian Legend’ commemorative postage stamp – to name just a few. CAROLINE CHARLES London can't boast many designers who began their careers in the sixties and are still creating with a great sense of style and a passion for their craft. She has shops strategically placed throughout the UK; key international stockists and licensees in Japan. She celebrated the 40th year of her business with a party in 2002 at the V & A and was also awarded an OBE for services to the British fashion industry FASHION FOLK SERIES 2 Ep5 PPQ - Amy Molyneaux and Percy Parker PPQ designers Amy Molyneaux and Percy Parker are an energetic double act who began their label in 1999. They design a main line women's and men's collection and a highly popular jeans collection. With investment from Icelandic retail giant Bugar they expanded the company and opened their first shop in Conduit Street during LFW last September. They also have a vibrant record label called 1234. Vibrant colour and print are important components of their collections, which have become more luxurious in past seasons. Their jewel colour-block cocktail dresses have become something of a cult this year joining their ubiquitous perfect smock. Their PPQ skinny jeans are great favourites with the rock fraternity. Sienna Miller, Kiera Knightly, Lily Allen, Sophia Coppola, Kirsten Dunst and Amy Winehouse are all fans. Accessories - bags, belts and shoes - and a semi-precious jewellery range complete their collections. ELIE SAAB In 1982, Saab launched his own Beirut-based fashion label when he was just 18 years old. His main workshop is in Lebanon, a country to which he remains deeply attached. He also has workshops in Milan and Paris. Saab is self-trained. He started sewing as a child and knew that one day he would make a living out of it. In 1981 he moved to Paris to study fashion, but ended up returning and opening his workshop in 1982. In 1997 Saab was the first non-Italian designer to become a member of the Italian Camera Nazionale della Moda, and in 1997, showed his first collection outside Lebanon in Rome. In 1998, he started ready-to-wear in Milan, and in the same year, he held a fashion show in Monaco which was attended by Princess Stephanie of Monaco. He gained notoriety after he became the first Lebanese designer to dress an Oscar winner, Halle Berry, in 2002. In May 2003, the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture invited him to become a member, and he showed his first haute couture collection in Paris in July 2003 Dimitris Parthenis opened his first store in Athens in 1970 and his second in Mykonos in 1978 which launched his label internationally with flagship stores in Brussels and Los Angeles. Daughter Orsalia continues her father's tradition of "chic sportif".   MAHLIA KENT - Eve Corrigan Mahlia Kent was Coco Chanel's fabric creator. Today, the company consists of a creative team coming from 15 different nationalities, under the direction of ex-fashion model - EVE CORRIGAN (French - American Mahlia Kent has over 50 years of long term relations with artists, designers and fashion stylists of the world and the great couture houses of CHANEL, DIOR, GUCCI, PRADA, KENZO, YSL, RALPH LAUREN, CK, DKNY, VERSACE, VALENTINO, etc. BORA AKSU Turkish born Aksu graduated from Central St Martins MA in 2002 starting his own label immediately. He has previously been awarded New Generation sponsorship four times. In the past he has worked with Converse incorporating aspects of the popular sneakers into his clothes. He has collaborated with ballet choreographer Cathy Marston designing costumes for her TCMP tour. He also designs an exclusive diffusion line for the retail group Koton called 'Bora Aksu for Koton'.   CHRISTOPHE GUILLARME Graduate of the Higher School of the applied arts, Christophe carries out a successful initiatory course at J.C. de CASTELBAJAC, Dice KAYEK and Stella CADENTE. In 1998, Christophe signs his first collection which meets with an immediate success. He then launches his line under his own name one year later. The work of Christophe is at crossroads between modern and tradition. Conservative in his creative process and in the refinement of the details, his models are versatile and successfully mix Glam' Rock and couture. An ultra feminine style which has already caught the eye of many celebrities from Paris to Los Angeles as well as Cannes. PAUL COSTELLOE The Dublin-born designer continues to expand his successful business. One of the most established names in British fashion he has a loyal following for his wearable designs in his signature linens, tweeds and printed silks. This past year he has been expanding his UK based shops and European concessions. His collections are an essentially classic and fresh mix of tailoring, knitwear and dresses with three main aspects each season. His main line 'Collection' focuses on occasion dressing for day and evening using fine Italian fabrics. 'City' is a capsule range of strong tailored suiting at keen price points, perfect for the working woman. 'Dressage' is the leisure section of the collection; casual cords, denims mixed with butter soft nappa jackets, fine knits and jersey pieces for relaxed but stylish weekends.   UNCONDITIONAL - PHILIP STEPHENS Philip Stephens had a varied career before he landed back on Planet Fashion working in interior design, event management and club promotion. He started the fashion/lifestyle consultancy Concrete PR and Marketing in 1996 and the Concrete Shop followed 4 years later. The UNCONDITIONAL collection was initially designed exclusively for the shop but Louis Boston became his first wholesale customer and encouraged him to expand the range. There are now over 90 international stockists in 18 countries. They are a winning combination of the laidback and the edgy. . The collections have a diverse range of celebrity customers which include Brad Pitt, David Beckham, Jude Law, Adrian Brody, to David Bowie and Depeche Mode, Kasabian and Mika. Cameron Diaz, Tori Amos, Madonna, Kelis, Skin, Jade Jagger, Amy Winehouse, and Sheryl Crow are female fans. TINA KALIVAS Greek-Australian designer Tina Kalivas began her career in London, working within the Fashion and Film Industry. Primarily she worked at Alexander McQueen, Clements Ribeiro, Russell Sage and J. Maskrey where she was a seamstress and Creative Pattern Cutter of showpieces and private orders. Now she is creating her own label & making her own mark in the fashion Industry. Her collaborations include designing a capsule collections for Kookai and Target, Designing uniforms for the new luxury Sydney Hilton Hotel and much more. Tina is making her own path and really determining what design means to her, personally. She is unlike many designer, she always finds a new way to approach fashion. Her most recent collection, Polyrhythms is just testament to how far things can and will go in fashion. Inspiration is ever growing and never ending. Tina’s FW09 collection is about Polyrhythms, which is the simultaneous sounding of two or more independent rhythms, often heard in traditional African music and the Jazz music of artists like Miles Davis and John Coltrane.   YUKI TORII As a child, Yuki Torii had ambitions of becoming a painter. Pattern and color had always excited her, and when she became a professional designer in the early 1960s, her approach always began with the textile or color, with a defined choice of palette that ranged from pastels to brights. These bold, vivid color have been an enduring and recognizable quality in Torii's work. One distinctive collection was autumn/winter 1986, which mixed rigorously colored tartans and checks for menswear, womenswear, and childrenswear. The collection consisted of lively, wearable separates; oversize tartan shirts, tartan trousers, and comfortable cardigans for men; long tartan flounced skirts for women, teamed with long, skinny rib jumpers or oversized Argyle patterned sweaters; tartan pinafore dresses for girls and a weatherbeaten, mountaineering look for boys, layering tartan overshirts over tartan Levi-style jackets. WAYNE COOPER English by birth, Wayne Cooper was a denizen of London's East End before moving to Australia in 1985. He finished law in the U.K., but decided to enroll at East Sydney Technical College to study fashion design upon his arrival down under. After a successful fashion partnership that lasted 7 years, Cooper decided to strike out on his own and launched "Brave." In 1996, he launched "Wayne Cooper," a more exclusive collection, complementing the mid-priced "Brave" label. The designer has traditionally shown at the Mercedes Australian Fashion Week, but has also presented his collections in Japan, and Bryant Park during the Fall 2000 New York fashion season. Also an entrepreneur, Wayne Cooper has six boutiques throughout Australia. The company also wholesales to department stores including David Jones, Myer Grace Bros and a further 50 boutiques throughout Australia and New Zealand.   DHINI Dhini learned to sew as a girl in Sri Lanka. Now Dhini Pararajasingham, 32, has her own couture label. Growing up in Sri Lanka, Dhini Pararajasingham remembers her grandmother teaching her and identical twin Shini to hand-stitch cotton dolls' clothes. She also remembers being smitten by a video of catwalk models parading Yves St Laurent designs. "I loved the whole feeling of the show; the music, the colour, the gorgeous girls, one after another. I was awestruck." Today, Pararajasingham, 32, has her own label, Dhini Couture, and is attracting tags such as "a genius in complicated tailoring" and "cult designer". But if her parents had had their way, she would have had a career in marketing. "We come from a family that's quite strict and (they believe) you have to have an academic career,'' says the diminutive designer, who left war-torn Sri Lanka aged eight and travelled with her family to India, Europe and the United States before settling in Melbourne in 1990. "My sister wanted to do art and I liked fashion but we didn't have the guts to do it. My parents said, 'Look, do something academic and after you graduate you can do whatever you want to do'." In Pararajasingham's sunny studio - the sitting room of her family's North Balwyn home - three RMIT students on work placement have heads bowed over work tables. It's not always so quiet but with several big projects under way, Pararajasingham has banned banter. Having come late to fashion, it's as if she is making up for lost time - within weeks, the team must finish a range of demi-couture garments for stores around Australia, conceptual pieces for a futuristic installation at a Melbourne boutique, and her new spring/summer collection, which will be unveiled during Australian Fashion Week in Sydney in April. "I was supposed to do a show in India, too, but there was no time so I had to say no,'' she says. "Opportunities like that will come again." ROY After 25 years in fashion and a three year hiatus, designer Roy Christou is back with his new label, Honor Among Thieves. Equal parts dashing and disheveled, the Honor Among Thieves label pioneers a return to easy dapper that plays to the scoundrel in all of us. Roy is dedicated to the pursuit of luxury without pretense, and in advocating a smart interpretation of casual. He bears all the marks of a fashion veteran – perfect shapes, cuts and lines; fine fabrics sourced from Australia and Japan, designed to be worn stripped back or piled on. Drawing inspiration from the likes of Oscar Wilde and Nick Cave, Roy's collections embody a refined 1950's rascal aesthetic. STEPHEN JONES MILLINERY Stephen Jones OBE (born 31 May 1957) is a leading British milliner based in London, who is considered one of the world's most radical and important milliners of the late 20th and early 21st centuries.[1] He is also one of the most prolific, having created hats for the catwalk shows of many leading couturiers and fashion designers, such as John Galliano at Dior and Vivienne Westwood.[2] His work is known for its inventiveness and the high level of technical expertise with which he realises his ideas.[3] Jones co-curated the 2009 exhibition Hats: An Anthology for the Victoria & Albert Museum.   BARBARA BUI This high-end Parisian label is a study in extremes; both structural and flowy, modestly romantic and aggressively sensual. Barbara Bui has been successful in establishing and expanding the brand over two decades, branching off with two diffusion lines, accessories, fragrances, and even a café in Paris. Though she's long been known for her trousers' flattering fit, as of late Bui's developed a reputation for her Italian-made accessories and shoes. Born in Paris to a Vietnamese father and a French mother, Bui grew up fascinated by language and studied literature at the prestigious Sorbonne. After graduating, she opened a multi-brand boutique, Kabuki, where she slowly introduced her namesake label, eventually opening an eponymous shop in 1988. Though she's launched an accessory line and two diffusion labels, Initials Barbara Bui and Bui, she still works personally with her design team on every piece. KEITA MARUYAMA Short and sweet, Keita Maruyama's collection was poetry in motion set to fine works of classical music. In perfect harmony with the trend for next fall/winter, he worked his magic with ruffles. Maruyama opened his show with a beautiful, very ladylike trench coat in cream. The coat has ruffles in the back and is to be worn with matching boots. He worked wonders with his knitwear and fringes. A long knit coat complete with fringes will give a woman the movement in time and in space that she will need during her cold afternoons of shopping. The cross-your-heart knit fringed top in grey and matching fringed skirt will certainly guarantee the right kind of attention to she who wears it. One of Greece's leading designers with followings in Paris and London, each of Eleftheriadis' collections is characterised by an experimentation in texture, shape and form.   NEW YORK Ralph Rucci - New York Maestro of Fashion. I discovered people like Balenciaga, Charles James and Madam Gray, these are the three tools that I used in my career to propel me. I studied their work voraciously and then, you are talking about the mid 70's, there was a man in fashion that took those three designers and made them real and literally overnight revolutionised fashion, simplified it - and his name was Halston. So I came to New York to work at Halston . MILAN Ghirardini -Gaetano De Franceschi - The Italian Louis Vuitton, and where Guccio Gucci trained. All the experiences you have working with leather are important, because leather is a living material and it is important to know just how to sew by hand, "scarnilla" cut it by hand, knowing how to fold leather and handle it, feel it with your hands. Knowing the feel and texture of leather, knowing its beauty and its ablilities as well at what it is unable to do. NEW YORK Victor Lipko - Judith Lieber Judith made beautiful products, and they lasted. She would go on a public appearance and a woman would come and say, Mrs. Leiber I bought this fifteen years ago, see how great it is. And she would says"It is time you bought another one!" Judith started making handbags on her own in 1963. She became a GI bride, came to the United States after the war and worked for the most prestigious Handbag Company at the time, which was Nettie Rosenstein. In fact Judith made Mamie Eisenhower's inaugural bag, with the Nettie Rosenstein label. Eventually she got tired of working for other people and in 1963 she hung out her own shingle.   PARIS Emanuel Ungaro - Fashion superstar Emanuel Ungaro - a student of Balenciaga ,combines ultra-refined couture with modern textile composition . Cristobal was incredibly kind, incredibly warm, incredibly shy – so strong that there was an explosion inside, sometimes he exploded on the outside too. After his death when I wrote so many things about him, his assistants were surprised the way I knew him. I stole the knowledge. LONDON John De Bruyni - Described as the English Hermes and holders of4 Royal Warrants . If you look at an English motor car – a Rolls Royce, the inside with all the walnut is saying 'We’re still trying to do what we used to'. If you look at a Cadillac it is saying 'One day man will go to Mars' .The people who find their way here, it is an obstacle course, it is a self selective course, unless of course their fathers introduced them, are looking for a modern way of living today, but plugged into the past. SYDNEY Tina Kalivas - FASHION - ex-Alexander McQueen, James Bond "costumes" designer. I met Katie Ingland who is Alexander McQueen's stylist and she asked if I could help so I went and helped on a show and I worked on every show since. That kind of energy, that kind of competitiveness is what makes London a really interesting and exciting place because if everyone is competing it means you have to work even harder which means that standards are higher. And then I worked on a James Bond film 'Die another day' and as soon as that finished I moved to Australia.   MILAN Anna Masotti - La Perla - Daughter/VP ofthe most successful designer-lingerie brand I have to show myself, because people want to see a face, want to see who is behind the collection. I think that this is good, because I am also a curious person. I want to see who is the creator of something I like very much. I like painting, I like sculpture. If I like something I want to ask this person why did you do this painting for example, because I want to understand you. For me it is not enough just to see something. I want to listen to a point of view. I like to speak with people I don’t like the communication in one direction. For me it is important at this time. People don't talk - they need to talk. PARIS Jacques Morabito - Master oftortoiseshell and fine leather handbags. Today, I think customers are looking for design, brand name but they are not aware what makes the quality of a leather product. I remember 20 years ago that customers knew better than I did. I learnt my job with my customers. They knew perfectly well all the different types and qualities of leather, of stitching, of inside lining. Their requirements were incredible. PARIS Mariano Puig - NINA RICCI - Entrepreneur and Fragrance Family behind Nina Ricci, Paco Rabanne and Carolina Herrera's perfumes. You have to make dreams with truth, and what does truth mean, it means that all the effort that you put in one product you have to see it, otherwise the public will never pay the money that you are asking for. LONDON James Lock - Hatmaker The bowler hat was originally invented for land owners who had these who had these beaters who worked the land. They kept having their hats knocked off in the undergrowth, not only that thay kept having their head scratched by briars, so they wanted a hard fitting hat to the head. The Top Hat came from France. It landed on our shores in 1798 and it started off in an area called Charing Cross and it was brought to us by John Heatherington. It caused a great fuss when it was first worn, even the horses reared up at the sight of it. Women fainted in the street. MELBOURNE Alannah Hill - Fashion Designer - From Tasmanian Milk Bar toAustralian Fashion Icon Everyone is knocked out by the success. My mother says " You can't sew"...she is still in a paddock in Tasmania. I still send her a magazine with my clothes in it and say mum look at page 44, that is my dress. She'll call up and say "That girl didn't look like you. She is not you". I say "Mum it is not the girl, it is the clothing". MILAN Romeo Gigli - Architect & Fashion Superstar ofthe 80's, 90's and 2000's. When a designer becomes really important, in every profession not just in fashion, after 3,4,5, years ,people working in the same area absorb this energy, and this energy influences their point of view. Of course after 4, 5, 6, years, people are searching to discover a new source of creative energy. MILAN Anna Zegna - Bespoke fabric/suit suppliers to the Pope. The soul [of fashion] is really the fabric, then it develops into style. The English product was very similar season after season. Being Italian, he wanted to add the love of Italian beauty, culture and innovation to the process. For example he used a lot of diagonal threads, he mixed different types of yarns together to be able to get a more resiliant fabric or a better feeling fabric. He used to make "tessutti diopi" which means double faced fabrics - on one side one colour and on the other side a different colour and a different structure. He did a lot of innovation to the 'cooking' of the fabric. PARIS Michel Gouten - VP Cartier International & CEO LANCEL Leather Accessories. The potential today for a "small" luxury company is larger because the large luxury conglomerates have extended the taste of the people. If you are a creator and you give to the people something attractive and someting that they really love, they will buy and you will be a success. ATHENS Celia Kritharioti - Born into a Fashion family , Designing at the tenderage of16, her rich tapestries flow from the hips ofsupermodels NaomiCampbell , Claudia Schiffer and Elle McPherson It is amazing to seen the psychological influence of a dress on a woman. They come in tired, but as soon as you pull up the zip, they are transformed and energised.   LONDON Arkadius - Polish born pedagogist and one ofLondon's newest Fashion Stars emerging from St Martin's College. There was nothing else that I wanted to do in life but fashion. Why? because firstly I wanted to do something very creative and secondly the idea of doing painting or sculpture I found it a little dead in the sense that when you paint this picture it simply hangs on a wall, no matter how beautiful the picture is. If you do clothing this clothing could be a piece of art but be alive because you can see it on a model- Kate Moss on the cat walk, then beyond that in photography, photographed by 10 photographers and beyond that it ‘s timeless. PARIS Daniel Tribouillard - LEONARD - Flower Power Fashion from Paris I am totally crazy in the creation, and very serious in the management. I work each morning in the areas of business, finance and administration. We have everyday a good lunch, I need the lunch to cut the day because the morning is taken up with the accounting, the lawyers, and in the afternoon I work at the studio with my girls, my models, and my people of the workroom, and I create the garments in the afternoon. Everyday is like that. NEW YORK Douglas Hannant - Modern Sportswear Fashion The American lifestyle sort of demands a certain sort of clothing and it is just our sensiblity. We are very mobile and very relaxed and the whole world is becoming more like that. If it looks comfortable, it is usually not very sexy, so it has to be also a balance between those elements as well.   PARIS Christian Pays - Mahlia Kent - Coco Chanel's "other half" and creator ofsumptuous fabrics which define "Haute Couture". Mahlia was a fabulous person, a genius of creation and in fact she showed me when we visited the company the museum with 50,000 fabrics representing the creative work of the last 50 years. This museum is the only one in the world. I mean Tom Ford came here to Paris and visited our museum to look at the old fabrics in order to create new ones. You know it is fabulous. Mr Lagerfeld comes very often, Jean Paul Gaultier lives next door. MILAN Stefano Citron, Stephen Vernon, Greg Myler - Mila Schon You can dress in London for a couple of hundred quid and look amazing and with your last 50 quid buy yourself a drink. In Italy, there are two kind of looks. There is a very kinda classic Max Mara and then you have Donatella Versace's with the blonde hair and all the business. MADRID Javier Larrainzar - FASHION MADRID - ex-Oscar de la Renta/ex-Royal Spanish Family tailor. The last time that I went to New York with my father, Oscar [de la Renta] asked, "You want to do something in fashion?" I said, "Yes! I am thinking of going to school in Milano", and he offered to me the opportunity to work with him, once I had finshed my schooling. Oscar said "You can work for 6 months, or something like that, and you will see that you will learn a lot with me". This six months turned into 3 years.   PARIS Coqueline Courreges - Superstar Fashion Designer Husband/Wife team My husband Henri Courreges was working 11 years at Balenciaga. One day he decided it was time to branch out. He made an analysis of the world of Haute Couture from 1955 to 1960 and proposed to Balenciaga a change of vision for the whole of couture. Couture needed to evolve . At this time Balenciaga did not really understand these ideas because they were very new, and it was a new generation so he gave Henri the permission to go and explore his ideas on his own. LONDON Tanner Krolle - Accessories This is a vegetable tanned and vegetable dyed leather. The skins come from northern Europe and the tanning and the finishing process is done in England. We have been buying from the same tanneries for over 35 years. It is a labour intensive, hand process. It has natural oil and natural waxes and sometimes the leather blooms with natural whiteness that comes through. SYDNEY Wayne Cooper "Bad-Boy" UK born/Australian FashionStar/Designer. In Sydney or in Australia they do use their clothes more so as a sexual tool, their bodies are their main weapon. Our recent collection was called 'The Temptress' and it was more about what was hidden and lies beneath. It was not overtly sexual. You'd have this prim piece and a piece you know that wasn't so… and there were slight little touches of revealing sexiness but it wasn't all tits and arse, which we are trying to get away from.   MELBOURNE Bettina Liano - FASHION - The name on the hips of Portia Rossi, Lucy Liu and Kylie Minogue I was unemployed, I was unemployable, I could not hold down a job, people didn't like me, because I was very serious and also as a young person I was also very clever - older people don't like that necessarily, they try to slap you down a bit. I needed money, I had come into some misfortune family wise. I was a bit on the street kind of thing, starving if you will, very hand to mouth. LONDON Tomasz Starzewski - Fashion Superstar The arrogance of youth is the greatest gift that you can be given and I am sure that I would not take the risks today, with the wisdom that I have today of what I did when I was an abnoxious precocious 19 year old. A lot of my contemporaries who went to work in Milan, Paris, New York will never have their own label because they just can't take that step. They are too wise. PARIS Rosemarie Le Gallais- D. Swarovski - Fashion Jewellery [used to work with Lagerfeld at Chloe] I have a very funny approach, you know, I never think about something being impossible. We are working with wonderful artisans, most of them in Paris for the moment. Sometimes when I give them the idea in the beginning they say 'Its impossible". When someone says it is impossible I become move convinced that I have to try. This "innocence" gives sometimes a really wonderful result. I put things in total contrast, with unexpected materials. I would put crystals with wood, or crystal with fur, and that made it modern and interesting and then you find ways of using it.   MILAN Vittorio Missoni - Colour Maestro of Fashion. An artist in a certain way can work when he has a feeling, fashion designers every day you have to show your collection, every day you have appointment with your customers and you cannot leave the market and wait and say o.k. for 6 months I stay out and then I come back. You cannot do this, so really it is very important to be also an entrepreneur. PARIS Christian Louboutin - Trained in the real "Moulin Rouge" of Parisand under the late Shoe Master "Roger Vivier" , Christian Louboutin designs glide the catwalks of Alexander McQueen, Jean-Paul Gaultierand twinkle the toes ofthe Queen of Jordan. I wanted to design shoes for the showgirls in Paris. At the beginning they are a classical dancers so they have the breast in "peal" - meaning not round but small with nipples pointing upwards , a tiny waist , the arse of a dancer and they are quite short in general. The reality of a showgirl in France is a "bird parade" - women dressed to resemble beautiful exotic birds. MELBOURNE Roy Christou - FASHION - UK/Cypriot/Australian designer [ex-partner of Bettina Liano] Some denim I have used is too good, and it just takes forever to bash up. The manufacturer of the fabric will spend so long making this bullet fabric and then only for me to come along and think, it has cost me too much money to fuck it up. Or they will make a denim that is really tight in its weave and I will want one that is looser in its weave so that it can release the fibres, so it is a bit hairier, there are all different aspects to everything.   SYDNEY Akira - Australian Superstar Fashion Designer - coveted inParis/London Traditionally Japanese clothes are shapeless - it is called Kimono. It is based on a square format as far as construction is concerned. Also there is a relationship between the fabric and the body - the space between fabric and body. When the fabric moves, it animates and generates a spontaneous design. My idea of covering is seductive. When you hide things - something unseen, which makes you feel like you want to see it - for me that is more desirable than actually showing everything. LONDON James Whishaw- Gieves & Hawks - Saville Row personified. There is an excentricity about English people - there is a cultural sort of roll up the sleeves kind of feeling about it. I'll do it myself, kind of cottage industry thing which depending on how it is nurtured, goes into artisan or becomes a very creative, specific talent. But as soon as it becomes commerical we are out of it. We get hand picked because essentially if it is too difficulty for someone else to do it - we want to do it. NEW YORK David Rodriguez - NY's HOT Fashion Designer I joined Richard [Tyler] before he stated consulting with Anne Klein - so it was in the early days. He really started in a tiny little store in Los Angeles doing custom clothes and before that he was doing clothes for rock stars, like Rod Stewart, Ossie Osborn - his background was very theatrical and there is nothing more theatrical than Rock. PARIS Raymond Massaro - Legendary Shoemaker [creator ofChanel's shoes] I liked Coco Chanel a lot. She was a very astute person and knew exactly what she wanted and you had to be very professional in your approach. When I created the very famous Chanel sandal in 1958, Madam Chanel was around 90 years old and she told me if a lady has four pair of sandals - beige with blue: beige with black: beige with brown: and beige with red - you can travel all around the world and you don't need any more luggage. LONDON Bruce Oldfield - London Fashion supremo/interior designer. There was always glamour in American fashion . It was always something simple and sleek and it was always poo-pooed by the Europeans, because it was seen, and in fact to some extent it was true, that they made a necessity out their manufacturing capabilities. They made an art of it, because their manufacturing was quite poor.   PARIS Gianluca Brozetti - ex-Bulgari, LVMH, When we were in McKenzie, the Gucci family was run by Maurizio with his cousins. They wanted to make the transition from family to management so they came to McKenzie and they got a General manager and a team of people from McKenzie's. It failed. Luxury goods have a spirit, have a soul. They are not just numbers, they are not just logistics they are not just mechanisms, there is something intangible that we sell to our clients that goes beyond the product. So on one side understanding the philosophy of the family which has been creating a successful story, I think it is a key ingredient to continue the successful story later on when you bring in more management, more systems, more professionalism - you should never forget that the success of that product started from a family where there was something intangible.   PARIS Andree Putman - Design Superstar Real talent is a mix. It has very much to do with who they are inside. Do they have a very strong nature. Can they take a terrible risk, can they take a terrible failure. Can they accept that the major lady on earth who may be the one who writes in Herald Tribune decides your collection is very poor, and what happens in your house because you did not make it that time. Can you live without a lot of money? Can you wait for things to come to you? Can you be patient? Not selling your name partly or completely. It is as important as talent. LONDON John Lobb continues to make handmade shoes ofdistinction, enjoyingthe patronage ofthe Royal Family since the mid-1800's. One of the first things he was able to do, we are not quite sure how, we think from a footprint, he made the Prince of Wales a pair of boots. And the Prince of Wales was pleased with them and granted him the royal warrant. So he had an enormously great royal warrant to put over his shop. MUNICH Willy Bogner - Billion-dollar Ski fashion designer business, filmaker[ski scenes in all James Bond Movies], ex-Olympic skier. As a ski racer I was always quite furious when they would say 'well you are only a sportsman' and 'sportsmen don't think'. So I was fighting this labeling from the very beginning. Sport was a big way to learn because you learn how to loose. My most famous sports achievement or non-achievement was in the Olympic in Squaw Valley where I was leading by a second and I had to just basically come down and I fell, and it was a disaster. It is typical of sport, one moment you are champion and the next you are nothing and to be able to deal with that is a great lesson. NEW YORK William Calvert When I went to Balmain I helped the designer prepare the haute couture and once you have seen that you really aren't interested in t-shirts any more. People think "Oh, how can a dress or a jacket cost $100,000.00?" Well when you take fabric that has been on some special loom by the most technical advanced or the most knowledgeable person and it is $1,000.00 a yard, and then you employ the 5 best technicians to create that garment at about $50.00 - $100.00 hour and they work 100 hours a piece, suddenly that garment is getting very expensive. But the thing about haute couture is that it is a laboratory, like a Formula 1 racing unit, where all the new ideas and techniques are tested out and proven and figured out so it is much simpler and less expensive once these ideas are put into ready to wear. NEW YORK Dana Buchman - Fashion Superstar In 1976 I remember being down on 7th Avenue and looking up at the skyscrapers and thinking how do I get in. I had never really had a real job in the fashion industry and there are unwritten rules that I did not know - this was hippy times and I remember coming to work in hiking boots with a rag wrapped around my head and I don't want to tell you the name of the company but it is a very respectable company still working and it was like "Oh my God" ... LONDON Stephen Jones Hatmaker to 80's/90's fashion icons Montana, Muglerand Gaultier, Jones now makes hats with buddy John Galliano and stamps with British Post! I am a milliner, but I am also a therapist, a psychiatrist, all those different things, because I think that when you are a milliner – it is such a personal thing to do. Whether I am working with a lady from the countryside or a pop star or John Galliano, it is all about getting as close to them as possible and then trying to sort of put their character and my character into a hat. SYDNEY Nicky Zimmermann - FASHION - Swimsuits good enough for Victoria's Secrets. We were a very small company at the time when Fashion Week happened, we had no money but it was always the most successful move that we have every done. By picking up those wholesalers we got an interview with CNN with Elsa Clench and from that we picked up a US distributor and from there we are with Victoria Secrets, and we do significant volume in the USA.   MILAN Alessandro Dell'Acqua- Italy's hottest fashion superstar is asked to re-invigorate Borbonese , one ofItaly's famous leathergoods makers The spirit of Borbonese is the exact contrary of my own label. That is why it is very interesting, because I work in two different directions . The Borbonese woman is one who likes to travel the world, is sophisticated, not too extravagant , extremely fashionable , but very classical - never bourgeois. My personal label is more experimental and cutting edge. NEW YORK Eric Javits - Revered Fashion Milliner It has been a journey to say the least because we really don't have a tradition in this country of people using their hands and making that their livelihood. So I have had to find people where I could and have had to train some of them and almost everyone you know that I have in my manufacturing plant has been trained in-house.

i don't know

Served in a traditional cocktail glass, what drink consists of equal parts brandy (or cognac), Contreau, and lemon juice?

Sidecar Cocktail Recipe You must be logged in to post a comment. Adding comment …  aronsjoberggmailcom515827292 posted 7 months ago I like the so-called French version of the Sidecar, with equal parts of cognac/brandy, Cointreau and lemon juice! San Francisco posted 6 years ago I have had trouble with the Sidecar too. It is a bar favorite for me, but to get the best drink at home, I find I need add to the traditional recipe: 1.5 oz. Remy Martin VSOP cognac, 1 oz lemon juice, .75 oz Cointreau and .25 oz. simple syrup in a sugar-frosted cocktail glass. This one, like most cocktails needs a real good stir to get enough water into the mix. J. MPK posted 6 years ago I bought a bottle of Cointreau a while ago for some recipe or another that my wife was making and they a small orange plastic shaker attached to the top. The shaker had markings for the correct proportions for a Sidecar, a margarita, etc. Just fill to the proper level for each ingredient. Simple and convenient. I had never had a Sidecar before and now I must say it is becoming one of my favorite cocktails. The proportions are the same as in the above recipe. TinyInThePark posted 6 years ago I use 2.5oz. Brandy, 1oz triple sec or cointreu, and lemon juice from a bottle. I use Christian Bros brandy. but I shake it over ice and pour entire contents into a low ball. TotheMoonAlice posted 6 years ago I would love a good recommendation for brandy or Cognac for the Sidecar. I don't have a grand liquor budget and don't keep Cognac on hand, but I might if I knew what was a good value -- or even a solid brandy. I was surprised to hear that a local restaurant that takes pride in it's cocktails used Christian Brothers brandy for their sidecar. Still, when I make it at home it doesn't taste as good -- I do use fresh lemon juice and Cointreau. Of course, the ratios I've been using seem too "simple" to have been well-honed (two parts brandy/Cognac to one part each fresh lemon juice and Cointreau)... So if anyone has more finely-tune ratios, I'd love to hear them! A.

Sidecar

According to the nursery rhyme, who “stole a pig and away did run”?

cocktails | Whiskey Catholic by Andrew on April 26, 2014 in Easter Drinks Tweet Christus resurrexit! Alleluia! And with the Easter Season we’re excited to bring back our Easter Drinks series . Last year we profiled a few drinks, including the Manhattan and the Martini , two classic cocktails. Today, we profile the Sidecar, a drink which adds a Continental touch to the family of classic American cocktails. The sweet cognac-based drink likely originated sometime around World War I, in Europe. American Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933, and during that time American cocktails thrived in Europe. In addition to being a classic brandy cocktail, the Sidecar is part of the ‘crusta’ class of cocktails (other classes include fizzes, juleps, collins, etc.), meaning it is served with a sugared-rim glass. The drink’s ancestors include the Brandy Crusta , made with cognac, curaçao, lemon, and bitters. The Sidecar presents a simpler combination of flavors, but retains its sweet, festive nature. Easter Drinks: The Manhattan by Andrew on May 19, 2013 in Easter Drinks Tweet The Manhattan is a classic American cocktail, and is certainly a fitting way to celebrate as we come to the final days of the Easter season. This “ gimmick free ” cocktail consists of whiskey, vermouth, and bitters.  Simple, yet sophisticated, the Manhattan magnifies the tastes of the whiskey and reveals a strong yet smooth flavor of its own.   Kevin Sintunuang in the Wall Street Journal notes : [U]nlike its cosmopolitan brother in arms, it is dark and moody: If the Martini is James Bond’s drink, the Manhattan is Bruce Wayne’s. This is the second cocktail we’ve profiled, so I wanted to review a few notes about this particular genre of drinks.  The cocktail is a drink with at least one bitter ingredient and one sweet ingredient, mixed with a liquor.  Cocktails can be divided into those meant to be consumed before dinner, and those meant to be consumed after dinner.  The before-dinner cocktail should be relatively dry, whereas the after-dinner cocktail can be sweeter.  Most cocktails are served in either cocktail glasses or old-fashioned glasses.  The Manhattan’s sweet ingredient, the vermouth, along with its bitter ingredient, the bitters, put the cocktail into the before-dinner category, and it is always served in a traditional cocktail glass. The Manhattan originated in New York City in the late 19th century, and, having survived through Prohibition, it continues today as a popular American drink. To make a Manhattan, begin with the following ingredients: Rye whiskey (5 parts)

i don't know

The first episode of what TV series, now in a record 22nd year, debuted on December 17, 1989, following 3 years as shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show?

The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons Clockwise from top left: Homer, Marge, Maggie, Santa's Little Helper (dog), Bart, Snowball II (cat) and Lisa. Genre IMDb profile TV.com summary The Simpsons is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Network. It became one of the first hits for the network, and is one of the most successful and critically acclaimed television shows in the history of the medium. The television series is a spin-off of a series of animated shorts originally aired on The Tracey Ullman Show. The series is a satirical parody of the " Middle American" lifestyle epitomized by its title family. It lampoons many aspects of the human condition, as well as American culture, society as a whole and even television itself, being famous for its frequent use of self-referential humor, and meta-references. The Simpsons itself has had an impact on popular culture . Catchphrases have been used in real life and the annoyed grunt d'oh has been accepted into the English dictionary. The show has been cited as an influence on many adult-oriented animated series in the late 1990s, such as King of the Hill, South Park and Family Guy.; and there are countless other kid-oriented animated shows which singular humor that owe The Simpsons a debt of gratitude, such as Ren and Stimpy, Rugrats, Hey Arnold!, SpongeBob SquarePants and others. Although it in recent years has been accused of a decline in quality, it still remains a highly rated show. The Simpsons is the longest-running American sitcom, as well as the longest-running American animated program, to date. Since it debuted on December 17, 1989, the show has aired 385 episodes (see list of episodes) in eighteen seasons. As of March 20, 2006, the show has been renewed through its nineteenth season, which would air in 2007–2008. The eighteenth-season finale will be the 400th episode, and the 20th anniversary of The Simpsons franchise will be celebrated in 2007. A feature-length movie is currently being produced, to be released on July 27, 2007. Origins Groening first conceived of the Simpsons in the lobby of James L. Brooks' office. He had been called in to pitch a series of animated shorts, and had intended to pitch his Life in Hell series. When he realized that animating Life in Hell would require him to rescind publication rights for his life's work, Groening decided to go in another direction. He hurriedly sketched out his version of a dysfunctional family. He named the characters after his own family, choosing "Bart" since it is an anagram of "brat." The Simpson family first appeared in animated form as shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show, with the first short, "Good Night," airing on April 19, 1987. The family was crudely drawn, because Groening only handed over sketches to the animators, believing that they would clean them up, but instead they just traced over his drawings. In 1989, The Simpsons was adapted into a half-hour series for the Fox network by a team of production companies that included what is now the Klasky Csupo animation house. Due to the fledgling position of the Fox network, Jim Brooks obtained an unusual contractual provision that the network could not interfere by providing show notes. Groening has been quoted as saying that his goal in creating the show was to "offer an alternative to the audience, and show them there's something else out there than the mainstream trash that they are presented as the only thing." The first full length episode shown was " Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire" in place of the intended first episode, " Some Enchanted Evening." The latter had to be reanimated after the creators saw the poor quality of the final animation, and was eventually shown as the final episode of the first season. The Simpsons was one of the first true hit TV series for the Fox network; it was the first Fox show to appear in the top thirty highest-rated shows of the season. The show had several episodes watched by over 20 million people and on occasion over 30 million people. Ullman filed a lawsuit, claiming that her show was the source of The Simpsons success and therefore should receive a share of the show's profit. Eventually the courts ruled in favour of the network. It sparked controversy, as Bart Simpson was portrayed as a rebel who caused trouble and got away with it. Parents' groups and conservative spokespersons felt that a character like Bart provided a poor role model for children. George H. W. Bush railed, "We're going to keep trying to strengthen the American family. To make them more like The Waltons and less like The Simpsons." The Simpsons t-shirts - among others, one featuring Bart with the legend "Underachiever ('And proud of it, man!')" - and other merchandise were banned from some public schools in several areas of the United States . The Simpsons merchandise, however, sold very well. During the first 14 months it generated $2 billion in revenue worldwide. Production List of show runners throughout the series' run: Season 1–2: Matt Groening, James L. Brooks, & Sam Simon Season 3–4: Al Jean & Mike Reiss Season 5–6: David Mirkin Season 7–8: Bill Oakley & Josh Weinstein Season 9–12: Mike Scully Season 13–present: Al Jean Groening, Brooks, and Sam Simon have been executive producers during the entire run, and now basically function as creative consultants. There is a more involved position on the show, which is known as show runner. The show runner serves as head writer and is in charge of every aspect of the show's production for the entire season. Show runners are billed as executive producers in the episode credits. Runners often stay on for multiple seasons, though they usually break their planning down by season. As of season 5, the show runner receives the first credit on the closing credits. Voice actors With one exception, all episodes list only the voice actors and not the characters they voice. Fox and the production crew wanted to keep the identities a secret during the first seasons, and therefore closed most of the recording sessions and refused to publish photos. They eventually revealed which characters the actors did in the episode " Old Money." There are six main cast members on The Simpsons. Dan Castellaneta performs the voices of Homer Simpson, his dad Abraham Simpson, and Krusty the Clown, among others. Julie Kavner performs the voices of Marge Simpson, her sisters Patty and Selma, and mother Jacqueline Bouvier. She occasionally, but rarely, plays other one-shot characters. She has been known to refuse to perform Marge's voice in public, to maintain the mystique of the character. Nancy Cartwright performs the voice of Bart Simpson and other children from the school. Yeardley Smith, the voice of Lisa Simpson, is the only main cast member who regularly voices only one character, though she occasionally voices one-shot characters. The two male actors who don't voice members of the title family play a majority of the male townspeople. Hank Azaria voices recurring characters like Moe, Chief Wiggum, and Apu. Harry Shearer provides voices for Mr. Burns, Smithers, Principal Skinner, Ned Flanders, Dr. Hibbert, and many others. Along with the main cast, Pamela Hayden, Tress MacNeille, Marcia Wallace, and Maggie Roswell, are regular guest cast members, who voices several recurring characters. From the 1999 season to the 2002 season, Maggie Roswell's characters were voiced by Marcia Mitzman Gaven, because of a pay dispute. Karl Wiedergott has made many appearances in minor roles but does not voice any recurring characters. Recurring "special guest" cast members include Albert Brooks, Phil Hartman, Jon Lovitz, Jane Kaczmarek, Jan Hooks and Kelsey Grammer. Brooks, Hartman, and Lovitz have voiced several characters. Grammer, Hooks, Kaczmarek, and Mantegna only voice one character each. The main cast has been involved in much-publicized pay disputes with Fox on more than one occasion. In 1998, they threatened to strike, forcing 20th Century Fox TV to increase their salary from $30,000 per episode to $125,000. The actors were supported in their action by series creator Groening. As the revenue generated by the show continued to increase through syndication and DVD sales, the main cast stopped showing up for script readings in April 2004 after weeks of unsuccessful negotiations with Fox. They asked for $360,000 per episode, or $8 million for a 22-episode season. On May 2, 2004, the actors resolved their dispute with Fox after reaching an agreement. Writing The writing team divides seasons into two parts. For each half season there will be developed and pitched approximately 16 story ideas. These are mostly written by one or two writers. The 16 story ideas get developed into 12 scripts. Since it takes six to eight months to produce an episode of The Simpsons, it is very rare for the show to comment on spontaneous current events, though they sometimes reference planned events such as the Olympics or World Series. The final scripts are developed during group rewriting sessions. In those sessions they can add and delete jokes, insert scenes, and call for rereadings of lines by the show’s company of vocal performers. The leader of those sessions is George Meyer, who has been with the show since the beginning. Long time writer Jon Vitti explains that even though he will get the script credit for an episode the best quotes are usually made by George Meyer. John Swartzwelder is the most prolific writer on The Simpsons staff, personally writing 59 episodes. Another notable writer was Conan O’Brien, who wrote four scripts before he became the host of Late Night with Conan O'Brien. English comedian Ricky Gervais is the only celebrity ever to have guest written an episode, although there have been other guest writers, such as Spike Feresten, a Seinfeld writer famous for " The Soup Nazi" episode. The writing staff has included a significant number of Harvard University alumni, and the school is often referenced in the series. Conan O'Brien once served as the president of the Harvard Lampoon and Bill Oakley once served as vice president. Animation Produced " The Fat and the Furriest" and " She Used to Be My Girl". * The numbers are based on Speedy Boris Official Site The Simpsons has been animated by many different studios over the past 18 years, both domestic and overseas. Throughout the run of the animated shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show, the animation was solely produced domestically at Klasky Csupo. Due to the increased workload, production was being subcontracted to overseas studios for the half hour show, usually in South Korea . While character and background layout is done by the domestic studio, inbetweening, coloring and filming is done by the overseas studios. Throughout the years, different overseas studios have animated different episodes, even episodes within the same season. Klasky Csupo was the domestic animation studio during the first three seasons of the half-hour series, but during season four, Gracie Films made a decision to switch the domestic production to Film Roman, which continues to animate the show to this day. The last episode to be animated by Klasky Csupo was " Kamp Krusty", in production order. After season 13, production was switched from traditional cel animation to digital ink and paint. The first episode to experiment with digital coloring was " Radioactive Man" in 1995, and again during season 12 with the episode " Tennis the Menace", but after seeing the results, Gracie Films decided to hold off for two more seasons. "Tennis the Menace," being already completed, was broadcast this way. Broadcasting Original episodes of The Simpsons are shown on the Fox network in the United States, and are widely distributed internationally. Past seasons have been widely syndicated since 1994. In foreign countries, it is sometimes necessary to adjust the material to suit local culture or humor. Arabic-speaking countries are an example of this, in which they cut out or modify references to alcohol , pork and non- Muslim religions. The animation in The Simpsons makes the show more frequently dubbed in foreign countries rather than subtitled. Characters Primary characters Homer Simson: Homer Simpson is a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant and a generally well-meaning buffoon. He is the father of the Simpson family. His best friends are Lenny and Carl. Marge Simson: Marge Simpson is for the most part a stereotypical American housewife and mother. Bart Simpson: Bart Simpson is a ten-year-old troublemaker who thinks of himself as a rebel. Lisa Simpson is an extremely intelligent eight-year old middle child who is often involved in left-wing activism and loves playing the saxophone . Lisa Simpson: Lisa SImpson is a 8 year old girl. She is very smart and often fights with Bart. Maggie Simpson: Maggie Simpson is a baby who, for the most part, simply sucks on a pacifier and doesn't speak. Pets: The family has a dog and cat, Santa's Little Helper and Snowball II respectively, and have also had several other one-shot pets. Despite the fact that numerous yearly milestones, such as holidays and birthdays, clearly pass, the Simpsons do not physically age, indicating some form of a floating timeline. Other kids: Millhouse is bart's best friend. Jenny is Lissa's Friend. Nelson and Jimbo are school bullies. Ralph is a kid in the fourth grade who is stupid. The Simpson lifestyle was initially fairly consistent with a one-income, middle class family. For example, in the first season episode " There's No Disgrace Like Home", Homer must pawn the family’s rabbit-eared television for $250 to afford a family therapy session. In other early episodes, Homer can only afford a very low-quality used RV, can't afford cable television, and must scrimp and save to get the family dog a $750 life-saving operation. As the seasons have progressed, however, the lifestyle has been shown to be more flexible to the needs of any given episode or comedic situation: In the episode " The Day the Violence Died", Homer pulls $750 out of his wallet to casually give to Bart. The family now often makes extravagant purchases or vacations with little or no regard to cost, while at other times they still have financial problems. Throughout the series, the Simpson family's religion has been a form of Protestant Christianity . The most important deviation from this came when Lisa became a Buddhist in the episode " She of Little Faith". Bart and Homer later became Roman Catholic in the episode " The Father, the Son, and the Holy Guest Star". Secondary characters The show has a vast array of quirky supporting characters, including co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, and local celebrities. Originally, many of these characters were planned as one-shot jokes, or to fill a function in the town; a number of them gained expanded roles, and some have subsequently been the subject of their own episodes. Matt Groening stated that the idea for the many different recurring characters of The Simpsons "was very much inspired by the sketch comedy show SCTV, with all the SCTV characters in Melonville interacting" and this made the town seem like its own little universe. Setting The Simpsons is set in a fictional American city of Springfield. The state in which it is located has never been made clear, and it is not actually intended to exist in any specific state. Nevertheless, throughout the show's history, fans have tried to determine where Springfield is by taking the town's characteristics, surrounding geography and nearby landmarks as clues. As a response, in more recent episodes, the show has been intentionally deceptive about the state, and nearly every state and region in the U.S. has been both suggested and ruled out by conflicting "evidence". Groening has stated that Springfield has much in common with Portland, Oregon, the city he grew up in, and the name "Springfield" was chosen because it is a common city name, appearing in more than thirty states. The geography of Springfield and its surrounding areas are seen to be "flexible" and have been shown to contain coastlines, deserts, vast farmland, and tall mountains, or whatever a story or joke requires. Storylines Themes The show routinely mocks and satirizes show business conventions and personalities. Krusty the Klown has an enthusiastic following among Springfield's kids, but offstage he is a jaded, cynical hack, in poor health from a long history of overindulgence, gambling and substance abuse. He will endorse any product for a price. Kent Brockman is a self-important, spoiled TV news anchorman with little regard for journalistic ethics. Even Rupert Murdoch, whose corporate empire includes The Simpsons' broadcasting network, has been spoofed in a couple of episodes. In fact, ridiculing the Fox network has become a running joke. The show has been rife with political satire over the years, often lampooning current and former U.S. presidents as well as other world leaders. Some examples include: George H. W. Bush was portrayed as a cantankerous nemesis to Homer in " Two Bad Neighbors", Al Gore's seemingly banal personality being ridiculed, Bill Clinton claiming to have engaged in bestiality in Homer to the Max, the Republicans shown as interested in homosexuality and also as a set of sadists who plan things in a haunted castle and the United Nations frequently shown to be an incompetent and bickering organization. Some social conservatives have come to embrace the show. One of the main explanations is that The Simpsons portrays a traditional nuclear family among a lineup of television sitcoms that portray less traditional ones. The show has toyed with the possibility of extramarital affairs, with the show always strongly affirming Homer and Marge's marriage in the end. Social conservatives and some evangelical Christians have also pointed to the positive role model of devout Christian Ned Flanders, whose fretfulness is occasionally ridiculed but whose decency never wavers despite constant provocation from Homer. In several episodes, God actually intervenes to protect the Flanders family, invoking such Christian concepts as Divine Providence. As compared with the Simpson family, the Flanders family is relatively well-off and less dysfunctional, although they are quirky in their own way, with over-the-top devotion and their fundamentalist interpretations of the Bible. It is notable that in more recent episodes, many of Flanders' religious comments have been contextualized and emphasized ironically, clearly intending to portray his "blind faith" as unjustifiable. There are many episodes of The Simpsons which are less pleasing to social conservatives; for example, in " Homer's Phobia", Homer overcomes homophobia and befriends a gay man, and the episode " There's Something About Marrying" promotes acceptance of gay marriage. Lisa Simpson, the most intelligent member of the Simpson family, is portrayed as an unabashed liberal. Plots The format of a Simpsons plot has changed somewhat over the years. A character or group of characters is usually placed in a problematic situation which they must solve or learn to accept. Initially, these situations were usually simple, realistic moral or social situations with realistic resolutions, similar to standard sit-com plots. For example, in an episode from season one, Bart is being beaten up by a bully and must learn to stand up for himself. Subsequent plots have tended to be much less ordinary, and increasingly often, less realistic. Besides decreasing realism, as the show progressed, it became increasingly common to have the main plot issue result from a relatively unrelated first act scenario. For example, in " Hurricane Neddy", the entire first act revolves around a hurricane hitting Springfield in a scenario reminiscent of the movie Twister; only at the first act break do we learn that Ned Flanders’ house has been destroyed, leading to the episode's main plot of Flanders having a mental breakdown. The description of the 2003 episode " Dude, Where's My Ranch?" offered to Shaw Cable subscribers reads: "After David Byrne turns Homer's anti-Ned Flanders song into a monster hit, the family vacations at a dude ranch, where Lisa falls in love". This phenomenon is commonly termed " plot drift". It became increasingly common for the resolution of the episode to be secondary to the humor of the situation itself, often leading to a convenient deus ex machina ending. Episodes " Homer vs. the Eighteenth Amendment" and " The Principal and the Pauper" are two examples of this, though each is aware of and even lampoons its deus ex machina. Originally, major changes in The Simpsons universe would generally be undone by the end of an episode. Occasionally, more in recent episodes, the writers have allowed some plot points to become permanent, including certain deaths, births, and marriages. The Simpsons' sometimes uses another plot structure. This structure comprises of three short stories, often with an overarching story that "bookends" the segments. It is mostly used in The Simpsons Halloween episodes, but it is also used for regular episodes; typically when redoing classic stories with the Simpsons characters. The plots of many episodes focus on one particular character, or the relationship between two characters. Common plots have involved: Homer getting a new job or attempting a get-rich-quick scheme; Marge attempting to escape the monotony of keeping house by finding employment or taking up a hobby; Bart causing a large problem and attempting to fix it, cover it up, or ignore it entirely; Lisa embracing or advocating the merits of a particular cause or group. Episodes have focused on the problems of secondary or tertiary characters, which is usually solved with the help of a member of the Simpson family. When the whole family is part of the plot, they will often go on vacation. This has recurred often enough that it is self-parodied with Homer saying, "The Simpsons are going to (wherever they are going)!" whenever they go on a trip. With all the vacations the Simpsons have been on, they have visited every continent on Earth except Antarctica . The show occasionally uses an A-story/B-story breakdown such as in " Sunday, Cruddy Sunday", which follows Homer and Bart's trip to the Super Bowl, while following the B-story of Marge and Lisa's having nothing to do at home. According to the DVD commentaries, the more limited time constraints on episodes has resulted in less use of this structure. Hallmarks Opening sequence The Simpsons opening sequence is one of the show's most memorable hallmarks. Almost every episode opens with the camera zooming through the show's title towards the town of Springfield. Then we follow the members of the family on their way home. Upon entering their house, they settle down on their couch to watch television. The series' distinctive theme song was composed by musician Danny Elfman in 1989, after Groening approached him requesting a "retro" style piece. This piece, which took two days to create, has been noted by Elfman as the most popular of his career. One of the most unique aspects of the opening is that there are several segments that are changed from episode to episode. Bart writes something different on the chalkboard. Lisa sometimes plays a different solo on her baritone saxophone and something different happens when the family enters the living room to sit on the couch. The latter is often the only one of the three gags to survive the process of shortening the opening for some syndicated episodes and for later episodes which needed extra time. This concept of rotating elements has been subsequenty used both by Groening in Futurama, and by others, such as a newspaper headline in American Dad! and a morse code message in Jericho. Halloween episodes An annual tradition is a special Halloween episode. " Treehouse of Horror" started a tradition of three separate, self-contained stories in each Halloween episode. These pieces usually involve the family in some horror, science fiction, or supernatural setting and often parodies or pays homage to a famous piece of work in those genres; they always take place outside the normal continuity of the show. Although the Treehouse series is meant to be seen on Halloween, in recent years new installments have premiered after Halloween. This is due to Fox's current contract with Major League Baseball's World Series. Recurring jokes and catchphrases There are many running gags on The Simpsons, many of which have been retired during the series. The Simpsons has perhaps most entered the public consciousness in the form of the numerous catch phrases of its characters. Such catch phrases include Homer's famous annoyed grunt " D'oh!", Mr. Burns' "Excellent..." and Nelson Muntz's "Ha-ha!". An interesting phenomenon occurred with Bart's catchphrases. His now trademark " ¡Ay, caramba!", "Don't have a cow, man!" and "Eat my shorts!" were featured on t-shirts in the early days of the show's run; however, the latter two phrases were rarely actually spoken on the show itself until after they became popular through merchandise, and the use of many of these catchphrases has declined in recent seasons. Recurring jokes are also used. In one example, Bart often made prank calls to Moe's Tavern asking for someone with a suggestive name such as "Amanda Huggankiss", "Al Coholic", "Seymour Butts" or "Mike Rotch". Another is the Krusty Brand - a line of often poorly made and potentially dangerous products endorsed by Krusty the Clown, who will apparently endorse almost anything. In one memorable clip, Bart mentions the Krusty Home Pregnancy Test, which warns that it may 'cause birth defects'. Or such as the annual Simpsons' " Treehouse of Horror" Halloween Specials, the names in the credits will be parodies of the actual ones such as, "Bat Groening," "Chains Hell Brooks," etc. The show has been known for both sign gags and so-called VCR gags. A sign gag is a text sign on the show that has amusing content. The names of commercial establishments, and the message signs in front of the school or church are common forums for sign gags. The show premiered in the prime of the popularity of VCRs, and being animated, the writers made frequent use of what they termed VCR gags or freeze frame gags. These are images that are on the screen too briefly to be identified normally, but would be visible if a viewer recorded the show and paused at the appropriate frame. Freeze frame gags often included sign gags. Guest stars Many episodes feature celebrity guests contributing their voices to the show, as either themselves or as fictional characters. Guests playing themselves were especially used during seasons 7-13, often as a cameo without a significant plot connection. Guests playing fictional characters were mostly used for other seasons. In the early seasons, some celebrities, such as Michael Jackson and Dustin Hoffman, would guest star using a pseudonym. Cultural impact Impact on language Many of the characters, concepts and catchphrases from The Simpsons have become common knowledge in modern society. A number of neologisms originated on The Simpsons have become a part of the universal lexicon, the most famous of which is Homer's saying: "D'oh!," which is referred to in scripts, as well as four episode names, as "annoyed grunt". So ubiquitous is the catchphrase that it is now listed in the Oxford English Dictionary, but without the apostrophe. A much earlier use of the same expression, often similarly used to denote expectation, was established in the long-running British BBC radio series The Archers, where it was used, almost as a catch-phrase, by the character 'Walter Gabriel' (voiced by actor Chris Gittings). Dan Castellaneta has explained that he borrowed the phrase from James Finlayson, an actor in early Laurel and Hardy comedies, who pronounced it more stretched-out and whiny. Castellaneta was told by the show's director to shorten the noise, leading to the famous grunt in the TV series. Other Simpsons expressions that have entered into popular use include the word "excellent" – drawn out as a sinister and nasal "eeeexcelllent…" in the style of Charles Montgomery Burns — Homer's triumphant "Woohoo!" and Nelson Muntz's mocking "HA-ha!". Groundskeeper Willie's description of the French as " cheese-eating surrender monkeys" was used by conservative National Review columnist Jonah Goldberg, a fan of the show, in 2003, after France's opposition to the proposed invasion of Iraq, and quickly spread to other journalists. The show's creators take pride in having passed on schoolyard rhymes to a new generation of children who otherwise may not have heard them. Impact on television The Simpsons was the first animated program in prime time since The Flintstones era. During most of the 1980s, animated shows were seen as being for kids and the animation was too expensive to get quality suitable for prime time television. The Simpsons changed this perception. The use of Korean animation studios doing inbetweening, coloring and filming made the episodes cheaper. The success of The Simpsons and the lower production cost made television networks take chances on other animated series. This led to a boom in new animated shows for prime time in the 1990s, such as South Park, Family Guy, King of the Hill, Futurama and The Critic. The Simpsons also had an impact on live-action shows. Malcolm in the Middle, which debuted January 9, 2000 in the time slot right after The Simpsons, was largely inspired by this show. The actors acted like they were cartoon characters. It featured some of the same editing, the use of sight gags and it did not use a laugh track like most sitcoms. Impact on music Several bands have names referencing themes, characters, or places from The Simpsons. Some examples are Noiseland Arcade, I Voted For Kodos, Rex Banner, Evergreen Terrace, Daddy's Soul Donut, Jebediah, The Canyoneros, Pinmonkey, Fall Out Boy, Vote Quimby, Stupid Sexy Flanders, Hot Rod Circuit, Poindexter, Maggie Speaks, Malibu Stacy, Worker & Parasite, Laszlo Panaflex, Mr. Sparkle, and the Rory Calhouns. The Bloodhound Gang made an entire song using only Ralph Wiggum quotes. On the album Bite Back: Live At The Crocodile Cafe the Built to Spill song Big Dipper is credited as Allen the Cowboy. Critical reactions and achievements Awards The Simpsons has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 23 Emmy Awards, 22 Annie Awards and a Peabody. On January 14, 2000 the Simpsons were awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In its 1998 issue celebrating the greatest achievements in arts and entertainment of the 20th century, Time magazine named The Simpsons the century's best television series. In that same issue, Bart Simpson was named to the Time 100, the publication's list of the century's 100 most influential people. He was the only fictional character on the list. In 2002, it made the top 10 on TV Guide's list of the greatest shows of all time. In 2000, Entertainment Weekly magazine TV critic Ken Tucker named The Simpsons the greatest television show of the 1990s. Furthermore, viewers of the UK television channel Channel 4 have voted "The Simpsons" top of two polls, 2001's 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows, and 2005's 100 Greatest Cartoons, with Homer Simpson voted first place in 2001's 100 Greatest TV Characters. Run length achievements On February 9, 1997 The Simpsons surpassed The Flintstones with the episode, " The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show" as the longest-running prime time animated series in America. In 2004 it replaced The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet (1952 to 1966) as the longest-running sitcom, animated or live action, ever in the United States. In October 2004, Scooby-Doo briefly overtook The Simpsons as the American animated show with the highest episode count. In April 2005, Scooby-Doo was cancelled again, finishing with 371 episodes, while The Simpsons reclaimed the title with 378 episodes as of the end of their seventeenth season. Scooby-Doo has been renewed again under a new name, airing on Kids WB in 2006, giving it another chance to catch up to The Simpsons. It must be noted, however, that Scooby-Doo has experienced several incarnations, while The Simpsons' record comes as a continuous production. 2007 will mark the 20th anniversary of the Simpsons franchise, since the show originally began as skits on The Tracey Ullman Show in 1987. With its nineteenth season (2007-2008), through which the show was renewed in 2006, the series will be one season behind Gunsmoke's US entertainment record of 20 produced seasons; however, Gunsmoke's episode count of 635 episodes far surpasses The Simpsons, which would not reach that mark until its twenty-ninth season, under normal season lengths.{uncited} The Simpsons holds three other records. As it is technically a spin-off of The Tracey Ullman Show that makes it the longest-running American TV spinoff. It features the longest-running unaltered television series opening credit sequence; although each sequence contains different elements, and has been shortened over the years, the basic format of the opening and theme music have never changed. It is the longest-running series to have never experienced either a major change in cast members or the addition/removal of major characters (Gunsmoke, by comparison, underwent several such changes during its run).{uncited} While The Simpsons has a record number of episodes for an American animated show, some foreign animated shows, especially Japanese anime series like Dragon Ball (combined with Dragon Ball Z), Doraemon, and Pokémon, have more episodes than The Simpsons, though they have had to retitle their official show names (ie Dragonball and Dragonball Z, Doraemon and Doraemon +, and Pokemon and Pokemon:Advanced Generation) too. Another anime series, Detective Conan ("Case Closed" in America) has slightly more episodes than The Simpsons despite premiering seven years later. This is because the standard Japanese season is every six months, making 26 episodes a season and 52 episodes a year. An American season will air either 20-26 (after season 1, The Simpsons has aired between 21-25 episodes a season) episodes a year or only 13 episodes. Criticism of declining quality For many years, most critics' reviews of new Simpsons episodes praised the show for its wit, realism, and intelligence. But gradually starting in the mid-90s, the tone and emphasis of the show changed, possibly due to turnover in the writing staff. Some critics began calling the show tired. By 2000, a segment of long-term fans had become disillusioned with the show, including its movement from more character-driven plots to what they perceived as an overemphasis on zany antics. In 2003, to celebrate the show's 300th episode " Barting Over," USA Today published a pair of Simpsons related articles: a top-10 episodes list chosen by webmaster of The Simpsons Archive fansite, and a top-15 list by The Simpsons' own writers. The most recent episode listed on the fan list was 1997's " Homer's Phobia"; the Simpsons' writers most recent choice was 2000's " Behind the Laughter." In 2004, Harry Shearer criticized the show's sliding quality in an interview: "I rate the last three seasons as among the worst, so Season 4 looks very good to me now." In April 2006, The Onion A/V Club published a feature article on the best quotes from The Simpsons; the most recent entry on the list was from 1999's " Mom and Pop Art." Despite this criticism, The Simpsons has managed to maintain an audience and attract new fans, although the first season had an average of 13.4 million viewers alone in the U.S, compared to the 17th season, which ended with an average of 9.2 million viewers. In an April 2006 interview, Matt Groening said, "I honestly don't see any end in sight. I think it's possible that the show will get too financially cumbersome...but right now, the show is creatively, I think, as good or better than it's ever been. The animation is incredibly detailed and imaginative, the stories do things that we haven't done before, so creatively there's no reason to quit." It might also be noted, as commented by the writing staff on several of the box set DVDs audio commentaries, that there was similar outcry about declining quality in the early years. After the generally down-to-earth first two seasons, when seasons three and four came along, with more ambitious storylines, some fans sited that the series had dropped in quality. Again, as noted on the DVD commentaries, many now regard the third and fourth seasons as the show's "golden era". Merchandise

The Simpsons

December 14, 2003, saw the capture of The Ace of Spades, Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, near what town, his home town?

The Simpsons | [adult swim] wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Share Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening (also the creator of Futurama ) for the Fox Broadcasting Company . It is the longest running sitcom in television history. Appearances on Adult Swim The Simpons' first appearance on Adult Swim was a Bart Simpson doll on an episode of Futurama, who instructed Bender to "Eat my shorts", a reference to Bart's classic catchphrase. The Simpsons would later appear in the flesh in the Family Guy episode "The Simpsons Guy", a crossover in which Peter and his family end up in Springfield.

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What is the name given to the meteorological phenomenon which is characterized by a strong and persistent flow of atmospheric moisture and associated heavy rainfall from the waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands, which resulted in record rainfall at Seatac airport this week.

Synthstuff - music, photography and more...: December 2007 Archives Synthstuff - music, photography and more... December 31, 2007 A quiet night Heading out to the Dave Cave(tm) to check email and then probably up to bed. Tired tonight. I want to wish all of my readers a Happy New Year and best of luck for 2008. 2007 put us through the wringer in more ways than one, we are hoping for a much quieter year in 2008. Posted by DaveH at 9:40 PM | Comments (0) Something in the water - Kitsap County It seems that a lot of strange things are happening in Kitsap County just south-west of us. I had already written about the Crucified Santa There is also the story of the guy who tried to remove the lugnuts on his tire with a blast from his shotgun . Well, Andrew Binion at the Kitsap Sun is wondering what is happening out there : When the Going Gets Weird, Kitsap County Turns Pro Does it feel weirder around here, or is it just me? Cat burglars leaving expensive video-game systems behind for a few porn magazines and bottles of bubble bath. Santa Claus crucified on a 15-foot cross. A large, naked man freaking out on angel dust and trying to lick the wires of a police Taser. The simple answer is no. Probably not. Maybe not. Is there any way to tell for sure? Maybe it just feels that way because the area's poor judgments and compromising moments are written and published. And with the help of the Internet, stories of Kitsap life are being read, rewritten, commented upon, doubted, interpreted and probed for deeper meaning by a worldwide audience. The most read kitsapsun.com story of 2007, by far, is the strange tale of a Southworth man who on Nov. 10 was seriously injured when he tried to remove a stubborn wheel lug nut with a shotgun. It outpaced every other single story � from murder to mayhem to floods � by tens of thousands of page hits, recording an unprecedented 58,876 viewings as of Thursday. But that's just the people that read the story at kitsapsun.com. Couple other good stories. Here is the website where they publish their odd news items -- something to check on a regular basis. Posted by DaveH at 8:55 PM | Comments (0) Henry Petroski on the Toothpick Henry Petroski is an unusual author. A delight to read, he analyzes the engineering and origin of everyday objects and writes about them in a fascinating way. His latest book is about the toothpick, its origins and the various machines that were made to produce them. A short excerpt can be found at The American : The Glorious Toothpick The plain wooden toothpick is among the sim�plest of manufactured things. It consists of a single part, made of a single material, and is intended for a single purpose, from which it takes its name. But simple things do not necessarily come easily, and the story of the mass-produced toothpick is one of preparation, inspiration, invention, marketing, competition, success and failure in a global econ�omy, and changing social customs and cultural values. In short, the story of the toothpick is a par�adigm for American manufacturing. Early wooden toothpicks were found objects, each fashioned ad hoc from a broken twig or stalk with a pointed end. Often, the other end of the twig was chewed until its fibers separated to form a primitive toothbrush called a chew-stick. Some cultures, like the Japanese, developed rigid rules about how such sticks were held and used. In medieval Portugal, a cottage industry developed to produce straightforward hand�made toothpicks, and these splints of orange�wood gained a reputation for being the best in the world. Toothpicks made in the Portuguese tra�dition were common in Brazil in the mid-19th century when Charles Forster, an American work�ing in the import-export trade, found them being crafted and used by natives there. It was a time when the manufacture of just about everything was becoming mechanized in America, and Forster believed that toothpicks could be mass-produced in New England at a cost that would allow them even to be exported to Brazil and compete with the handmade kind. An interesting read -- I'll have to pick up the book from the Library; have always made a point to read his work. Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) December 30, 2007 A dirty rotten scoundrel who is getting some justified comeuppance Hat tip to Instapundit for this link to a horrible story and the beginnings of a resolution: Anti-Military Lawyer Damages Marine's Car on Eve of Deployment This ought to make your blood boil. And this Marine should receive a commendation for not kicking the living crap out of the guy...seriously. Marine Sgt Mike McNulty is on activation orders to Iraq (second tour). On December 1st, 2007, Mike went to visit a friend in Chicago before deploying to say goodbye. In order to get to his friend's residence, and keep in mind that Chicago is a myriad of diagonal and one-way streets, the front entrance (right way) to the one-way street was blocked. Mike, being a Marine, overcame and adapted by driving around the block to the other end of the street and backing up all the way to his friend's place. While saying goodbye, at about 11am, he noticed a man leaning up against his car. Mike left his friend's apartment and caught the man keying his car on multiple sides. After caught in the process, the man told Mike, "you think you can do whatever you want with Department of Defense license plates and tags". (In Illinois you can purchase veteran, Marine, or medal plates. Mike has Illinois Marine Corps license plates.) During the exchange, he made additional anti-military comments. The story gets worse -- the damage to his car is enough to make this a Felony and the lawyer gets all slimy and tries to bargain and weasel out of it, knowing that Sgt. McNulty is shipping out soon. Where the story turns good is in the comments section. Some people from Chicago are offering to follow through in a legal manner, the guys office info is posted online (and the website is offline). There are links to people like this: Illinois Attorney Registration & Disciplinary Commission and the Bar Association and other organizations. That guy is toast and it couldn't happen to a nicer person. There is nothing wrong with expressing your opinions but to willfully cause damage in such a cowardly and harmful way is beneath contempt. This man is scum (and that is insulting a lot of really great scum!) Posted by DaveH at 8:58 PM The economics of car buying - long term loans/low monthly payments You want the low monthly payment and the dealership can give it to you. What they aren't explaining to you well enough is that the longer the term on the loan, the less is being paid into the principal and more is being paid into the interest ($$$ for the lender and dealership) A great article at the LA Times about the repercussions of this kind of deal: New cars that are fully loaded � with debt When Jennifer and Bobby Post traded in their 2001 Chevy Suburban last year for a shiny new Ford F-350 turbo diesel with an extended cab, it seemed like a great deal. Even though they still owed $9,500 on their SUV after the trade-in value, they didn't have to put a penny down. The dealership, near the Posts' home in Victorville, made it easy; it just added the old debt to the price of the new truck and gave the couple a seven-year, $44,276 loan. The Posts were a little worried about taking on such a long obligation, but they couldn't pass up a monthly payment under $700. Now they're having regrets. "I didn't realize how much debt was in it," said Jennifer Post, who has since moved with her family to Iowa. Now, she'd like to get rid of the truck but can't, because there's so much debt that she'd literally have to pay someone to take it off her hands. One of the things that I liked about Jen when we were dating was that she was very careful with money. I am too -- we own a 2002 Subaru that is paid for. I have an 1998 Dodge truck that is paid for. We don't get the latest and greatest of things but our house is paid for. We have credit cards but use them only when needed (buying airplane tickets, etc... and when a measure of protection is needed (buying from an overseas vendor)) and then, they are paid off that next month if possible, next few months if not. A bit more from the article: Americans haven't just been taking out risky mortgages for homes in the last few years; they've also been signing larger automobile loans for significantly longer terms than they used to. As a result, people are slipping into a perpetual cycle of automobile debt that experts think could lead to a new credit crunch extending from dealerships to driveways and all the way to Wall Street. More: At the same time, the amount of money drivers owe on their cars is soaring. In October, the average amount financed hit $30,738, up $3,500 in just a year and nearly 40% in the last decade, according to the Fed. More troubling, today's average car owner owes $4,221 more than the vehicle is worth at the time it's sold -- up from $3,529 in 2002, according to industry analyst Edmunds. One more: Cindy Gerhardt has rolled over so much debt on successive vehicle purchases -- five in three years -- that she now owes almost $43,000 on two trucks worth no more than $29,000 and, she says, perhaps as little as $22,000. Faced with car payments that exceed her monthly mortgage, she tried to trade in the pair for a single vehicle. But with so much unpaid principal on the vehicle loans, the only offer she got from the dealer was to trade in one truck on yet another new vehicle -- and increase her debt by another $25,000. "It's our own fault that we traded in vehicles so many times, but we never thought it would get to this," said Gerhardt, a secretary who lives with her husband and two children in Clinton, Okla. She recently tried to refinance her mortgage, she said, but was declined because her car payments were too high. "Not one dealer ever said this was a problem. Ever. I never had a dealership say no." Are people just getting more and more stupid about money and personal responsibility these days or is there something else at work here? My vote is with stupidity... From Canada.com/Montrael Gazette : Quebec man sells snowbank on EBay for $3,550 A Quebec man has sold the "magnificent" two-metre-high snowbank in front of his home on EBay for $3,550, less than two weeks after putting it up for sale - to a buyer who plans to use it for a snowball fight with his family. But first the snow salesman had to endure a media storm, a flurry of bids and a winning offer that turned out to be a hoax. The proceeds will go to Operation Enfant Soleil, a Quebec charity that supports children's hospitals in the province. "I'm very happy," Michel Levesque said Saturday night from his home just north of Montreal. "Especially after the day I had today." The winning bidder, Claude Fraser, said he and his family bought the snowbank because they make an annual donation to a charity and hadn't decided on one for this year. No problem with having a little fun with your charitable donation. Very cool as I have quite a few of these in our pasture right now. (firing up eBay) Posted by DaveH at 8:33 PM | Comments (0) An alternative to the iPod Nice little iPod clone for $57.50 for the 4GB version Check it out at MP4 Nation Video as well as audio, built in mike for voice recording and an FM Radio. Looks like a sweet little unit. Interesting link (hat tip Insty ) to Les Jones who links to this page at the US EPA: How clean is the electricity I use? - Power Profiler From the site: In the United States, electricity is generated in many different ways, with a wide variation in environmental impact. Electricity generation from the combustion of fossil fuels contributes toward unhealthy air quality, acid rain, and global climate change. Many electricity customers can choose their provider of electricity or can purchase green power from their utility. In fact, you might now have the option of choosing cleaner, more environmentally friendly sources of energy. Power Profiler will: Determine your power grid region based on your ZIP code and electric utility Compare the fuel mix and air emissions rates of the electricity in your region to the national average Determine the air emissions impacts of electricity use in your home or business Power Profiler is very easy to use and takes about 5 minutes. To start, all you need is your ZIP code. Very cool! Here is the result for the Pacific Northwest area (Bellingham) Click for full-size Image Wish that we used more Nuclear but happy to see that our dependence on Coal is lower than the national average and that we are utilizing so much Hydro. Posted by DaveH at 3:34 PM A curious addition to the U.N. Oil For Food swindle We know about Iraq buying French and Russian munitions after the weapons embargo was placed. We know about the top-level corruption at the United Nations ( Kofi Annan and his son Kojo ) concerning the Oil for Food program. Now, news is coming out about a British Pharmaceutical company and another Pharmaceutical company that is a joint venture between Sweden and England. From the UK The Press Association : Drug firms face Iraq bribes probe Pharmaceutical companies GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca have been asked to hand over documents to the Serious Fraud Office as part of its investigation into bribes allegedly paid to Saddam Hussein's deposed Iraqi regime. The SFO is investigating possible breaches of the oil-for-food sanctions in place against the Middle Eastern country. The investigation was triggered by a damning United Nations report which listed more than 2,200 companies worldwide that may have been linked to bribery or "kickbacks" to Iraq. GSK and AstraZeneca have denied any wrongdoing and said they were co-operating fully with the SFO. The programme was supposed to allow the Iraqi government to sell limited amounts of oil to buy foreign food and medicines. But Paul Volcker, former chairman of the US Federal Reserve, said in his 2005 report for the UN that it had become corrupt as Saddam Hussein's regime demanded payments from foreign companies in return for lucrative contracts. The investigation, which could take years and is expected to cost around �22 million, has been predicted to become one of the biggest undertaken by the SFO. heh... One by one, the coalition is mopping up the 'insurgents' and on the home front, one by one, people are turning over the rocks and weeding out the corruption they find there. The Oil for Food program is long over but it's repercussions are still going strong. Obligatory links: GlaxoSmithKline ( wiki ) and AstraZeneca ( wiki ) Posted by DaveH at 12:53 PM Knowing one's boundaries - Nancy Pelosi edition Little news item from Reuters : U.S.' Pelosi questions Pakistan's Bhutto probe Washington should address "troubling questions" about Pakistan's probe of opposition leader Benazir Bhutto's assassination and its cooperation in fighting terrorism before extending any more aid, U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi said on Saturday. Pelosi called for an international investigation into the Dec. 27 assassination of Bhutto, which Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf's government has blamed on al Qaeda. Bhutto's party dismissed the government account, saying Musharraf's administration, a close ally in U.S. President George W. Bush's war against terrorism, was trying to cover up its failure to protect her. Since when did she join the State Department? It's alright to have a personal interest in matters like this but to be dictating matters of policy and action for a Foreign Nation is not in her job description... And how is Pelosi doing on those promises she made when she got elected to her post as Speaker - click here and find out. No wonder their popular approval rating is below that of President Bush. Posted by DaveH at 10:42 AM December 29, 2007 The two curious collections of Stuart Bruce Stuart's main website is here: Stuart Bruce Not that evident is a link to his collection of TLA's or Three Letter Acronyms . He has found all possible combinations of three letters -- 17,576 He is also working on Four Letter Acronyms and has 150,923 so far which is 33.02% of all available combinations. Heh... Posted by DaveH at 9:25 PM | Comments (0) A classic case of earmarks - WA State version The Seattle Times has a nice investigative piece on a Port Townsend company that decided, rather than prosper with superior technology, they chose instead to prosper using a lobbyist and some cash. Here is an excerpt from the article: Congressional ties bankroll area company Not long after Nelson Ludlow and his wife started a technology business in Port Townsend with money scraped together from friends, family and retirement accounts, they spent precious dollars in an unlikely way: They hired a lobbyist and started giving to a congressional campaign fund. The lobbying paid off. Soon, an $800,000 earmark for the Ludlows was tucked into a 2003 spending bill, giving their tiny startup, Mobilisa, a no-bid contract to provide Internet service on Puget Sound ferries. Mobilisa is one of a new breed of companies sustained by lawmakers handing them government contracts through line-item appropriations known as earmarks. These companies make their sales pitch not to experts in places like the Pentagon but to lawmakers and their staff in the halls of Congress. The startups rely on dollars from taxpayers rather than from venture capitalists who demand a cut of profits. All the while, company executives usually give campaign donations to lawmakers. Nelson Ludlow and his wife, Bonnie, have donated generously in the past five years, giving $11,500 to U.S. Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., and nearly $20,000 to U.S. Rep. Norm Dicks, D-Bremerton. At the same time, the Ludlows have mastered the earmark game. Since 2003, Murray and Dicks have favored Mobilisa with at least nine earmarks worth $20.3 million. Must be some very cool high-tech stuff if they had that much funding: In July 2002, Murray announced she was sponsoring an earmark for Mobilisa to set up free Internet access for ferry passengers. The $800,000 federal grant Murray got for the Washington State Ferries came with strings attached: The state had to put up an additional $200,000 and was instructed to award a sole-source contract to Mobilisa, despite its meager track record. "We were told by the federal government what to do with that particular contract," said Tami Grant, a contract manager at the Washington Department of Transportation. The Internet service on the ferries was free. And the initial feedback was good. But an independent review, paid for by the grant, found slow download speeds and lost connections were common over the water. Murray got Mobilisa another $1 million earmark in 2006. Ultimately, the federal government paid more than $200 for each of the 8,000 passengers who the state agency said tried the free service. And Mobilisa lost in 2006 when the state did a round of competitive bidding. They are also involved in military security: Mobilisa, for example, sells a bar-code scanner to swipe ID badges at security gates on military bases. The off-the-shelf Motorola scanner retails for about $3,000. Yet Mobilisa sells the same handheld device to the government for nearly $7,000. And Mobilisa's biggest success has come in creating a system to check the ID badges of people entering military bases. In 2005, Dicks got the company a $4 million earmark to research and implement an ID-check system. Mobilisa focused its research on reading driver's licenses, a technology that other companies were already selling. By then, however, the Defense Department was issuing expensive "smart" cards, which are difficult to counterfeit and store biometric information, such as fingerprint images. The cards are intended to offer the highest level of security. Mobilisa used an off-the-shelf bar-code scanner to build its system, a technology that industry sources say fails to read the advanced security features embedded in a chip in the Defense Department cards. "When you've got a chip card available, using a bar code is living a little bit in the past," said Neville Pattinson, vice president of government affairs for Gemalto, a multinational smart-card company that is not a Mobilisa competitor. "If they chose to use bar codes as a convenience, that's fine. But they should be aware of the risk of fraud." Christ on a Corn Dog -- it's our tax dollars at work, supporting a couple people's banal mediocrity. They come out with systems that rely on old technology and in the case of the ferry system, "slow download speeds and lost connections were common". Cripes -- Motorola makes an internet access point with typical distances of five to ten miles, a couple access points and you would have complete coverage. (Their Canopy system - excellent products!) Why screw around with transponders on buoys when for about $10K per access point (not counting the structure it's mounted on), you can get a really fast connection (quoted spec is 14MBPS - by comparison, a T-1 line is 1.544 MBPS) As for sticking with the bar-code scanners when "smart cards" were already deployed, that is the hallmark of a Clueless Dip-shit Manager. Mobilisa's website is here: Mobilisa And BTW, when the 2008 elections roll around, that was U.S. Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash. and U.S. Rep. Norm Dicks that need to be defeated for supporting this kind of stupidity and waste. And to close, I know that you should not try to implement the bleeding edge technologies when rolling out something large but still, using tech that is several generations older than the current Commercial-Off-The-Shelf technology is indefensible and downright idiotic... Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) Unclear on the concept - visiting the Police Meet Alabama residents Chavis Sanders, 22, and David Bailey, 24. About two months previous, Chavis was busted for drug distribution and $1,200 in cash was confiscated. He and his buddy David decided to drive to the Police station to ask about getting it back. Chavis also wanted to check on the status of a domestic violence case against him. Let's go to the Mobile Alabama Press-Register : Two arrested at city police headquarters Two men were arrested Friday morning by Prichard police after the men arrived at police headquarters in a stolen car with a small bag of marijuana plainly visible on the car's center console, authorities said. Prichard police Maj. Marvin Whitfield said he and other officers detected the strong odor of marijuana when one of the men rolled down one of the car's windows and opened a door. "We couldn't believe it," Whitfield said. "I've been doing police work for about 20 years, and I never knew of anybody bringing a half-pound of marijuana and a gun to a police station in a stolen car." The major said some of the high-grade marijuana and a semiautomatic pistol were found under the driver's seat of the 2007 Chrysler PT Cruiser. "It was real potent, and you could smell it," Whitfield said of the marijuana. "The car window was down initially. And when the driver got out of the car, you could detect the potent odor of it." Nona Simmons, spokeswoman for the Police Department, identified the driver as Chavis Sanders, 22, of the Whistler community and the passenger as David Bailey, 24, of Mobile. Whitfield said he had not determined when the car was stolen or from what area of Mobile it was stolen. Almost $1,000 in cash was confiscated from Sanders on Friday, he said. The major said Prichard police arrested Sanders about two months ago on a drug distribution charge and confiscated $1,200 from him. Sanders had returned to police headquarters Friday morning in hopes of getting the money back and to check the status of a domestic violence case pending against him, the major said. Looks like the gene pool needs some more Clorox From Slashdot : Trekkie Sues Christie's for Fradulent Props Token_Internet_Girl passed us a link to an MSNBC article on a very disappointed Star Trek fan. Mr. Moustakis of NJ bought a poker visor he thought was worn by Data in Next Generation at a Christie's auction for some $6,000. When he brought it to a convention to have it signed, actor Brent Spiner explained that he'd already sold the well-known visor in a personal sale; like Senator Vreenak , Moustakis had been given a fake . "Christie's spokesman Rik Pike stood behind the authenticity of the auction and said the disgruntled buyer's case had no merit. The lawsuit, filed in state court in Manhattan, demands millions of dollars in punitive damages and a refund for the visor and two other items Moustakis bought at the 2006 auction." Christie's should have done a bit more research -- the provenance of this would certainly be easy to check; a couple phone calls. I'd be doing the lawsuit routs too if this was me... Posted by DaveH at 11:09 AM | Comments (0) December 28, 2007 Current music - louder please, more noise! A nice write-up in the Rolling Stone about the recent tendency to compress the daylights out of today's music to make it sound 'louder'. Only problem is that you loose all of the subtleties. The Death of High Fidelity In the age of MP3s, sound quality is worse than ever David Bendeth, a producer who works with rock bands like Hawthorne Heights and Paramore, knows that the albums he makes are often played through tiny computer speakers by fans who are busy surfing the Internet. So he's not surprised when record labels ask the mastering engineers who work on his CDs to crank up the sound levels so high that even the soft parts sound loud. Over the past decade and a half, a revolution in recording technology has changed the way albums are produced, mixed and mastered � almost always for the worse. "They make it loud to get [listeners'] attention," Bendeth says. Engineers do that by applying dynamic range compression, which reduces the difference between the loudest and softest sounds in a song. Like many of his peers, Bendeth believes that relying too much on this effect can obscure sonic detail, rob music of its emotional power and leave listeners with what engineers call ear fatigue. "I think most everything is mastered a little too loud," Bendeth says. "The industry decided that it's a volume contest." Producers and engineers call this "the loudness war," and it has changed the way almost every new pop and rock album sounds. But volume isn't the only issue. Computer programs like Pro Tools, which let audio engineers manipulate sound the way a word processor edits text, make musicians sound unnaturally perfect. And today's listeners consume an increasing amount of music on MP3, which eliminates much of the data from the original CD file and can leave music sounding tinny or hollow. "With all the technical innovation, music sounds worse," says Steely Dan's Donald Fagen, who has made what are considered some of the best-sounding records of all time. "God is in the details. But there are no details anymore." A fascinating look at a real problem with contemporary music. We have the Cowboy Junkies recent remake of the Trinity Sessions on the player right now and it is awesome -- a broad palate of sound, not a constant roar. Posted by DaveH at 9:31 PM | Comments (0) Don't know if this is cute or downright creepy Check out Baby Toupees They are about $20 each - here is their Bob model: Posted by DaveH at 8:57 PM | Comments (0) The Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Was tracking down some background on Paris Hilton's grandfather changing the terms of his will and how Paris is now scheduled to only get a couple million rather than the $60M or so she was counting on. The foundation looks like a good one: The Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Good to see the money go toward these causes than to white trash. Posted by DaveH at 8:08 PM | Comments (0) December 27, 2007 Gearing up for 2008 2008 is destined to be a big year. After all, it is the International Year of the Potato : Why potato? The celebration of the International Year of the Potato (IYP) will raise awareness of the importance of the potato - and of agriculture in general - in addressing issues of global concern, including hunger, poverty and threats to the environment. Over the next two decades, the world's population is expected to grow on average by more than 100 million people a year. More than 95 percent of that increase will occur in the developing countries, where pressure on land and water is already intense. A key challenge facing the international community is, therefore, to ensure food security for present and future generations, while protecting the natural resource base on which we all depend. The potato will be an important part of efforts to meet those challenges... Potatoes are grown worldwide The potato has been consumed in the Andes for about 8 000 years. Taken by the Spanish to Europe in the 16th century, it quickly spread across the globe: today potatoes are grown on an estimated 195 000 sq km, or 75 000 square miles, of farmland, from China's Yunnan plateau and the subtropical lowlands of India, to Java's equatorial highlands and the steppes of Ukraine. In terms of sheer quantity harvested, the humble potato tuber is the world's No. 4 food crop, with production in 2006 of almost 315 million tonnes (about 347 million US tons). More than half of that total was harvested in developing countries. Potatoes feed the hungry The potato should be a major component in strategies aimed at providing nutritious food for the poor and hungry. It is ideally suited to places where land is limited and labour is abundant, conditions that characterize much of the developing world. The potato produces more nutritious food more quickly, on less land, and in harsher climates than any other major crop - up to 85 percent of the plant is edible human food, compared to around 50% in cereals. Cool Posted by DaveH at 8:57 PM | Comments (0) The wisdom of the Left - Tsunami Aid Color me Not Surprised... From The Australian : Tsunami aid 'spent on politics' Three years after Australians donated $400 million to rebuild Asian lives devastated by the 2004 tsunami, aid groups are under attack for spending much of the money on social and political engineering. A survey by The Australian of the contributions by non-government organisations to the relief effort found the donations had been spent on politically correct projects promoting left-wing Western values over traditional Asian culture. The activities - listed as tsunami relief - include a "travelling Oxfam gender justice show" in Indonesia to change rural male attitudes towards women. Another Oxfam project, reminiscent of the ACTU's Your Rights at Work campaign, instructs Thai workers in Australian-style industrial activism and encourages them to set up trade unions. A World Vision tsunami relief project in the Indonesian province of Aceh includes a lobbying campaign to advance land reform to promote gender equity, as well as educating women in "democratic processes" and encouraging them to enter politics. Also in Aceh, the Catholic aid group Caritas funds an Islamic learning centre to promote "the importance of the Koran". This is seen as recognition of the importance of Islam in a province that has been the scene of a long-running and bloody independence struggle against the secular central Government. What a bunch of self-centered ponces. Going ham-handed into a completely different culture and telling the people who have suffered a life-changing disaster how they should be altering their way of life. Makes me re-think any donations to Oxfam -- used to think that they did good work... Posted by DaveH at 1:11 PM | Comments (0) Crap - it was bound to happen but still... Benazir Bhutto was murdered this morning. From CNN : Benazir Bhutto assassinated Pakistan's former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was assassinated Thursday outside a large gathering of her supporters where a suicide bomber also killed at least 14, doctors and a spokesman for her party said. While Bhutto appeared to have died from bullet wounds, it was not immediately clear if she was shot or if her wounds were caused by bomb shrapnel. President Pervez Musharraf held an emergency meeting in the hours after the death, according to state media. Police warned citizens to stay home as they expected rioting to break out in city streets in reaction to the death. Police sources told CNN the bomber, who was riding a motorcycle, blew himself up near Bhutto's vehicle. Bhutto was rushed to Rawalpindi General Hospital -- less than two miles from the bombing scene -- where doctors pronounced her dead. Former Pakistan government spokesman Tariq Azim Khan said while it appeared Bhutto was shot, it was unclear if the bullet wounds to her head and neck were caused by a shooting or if it was shrapnel from the bomb. Bhutto's husband issued a statement from his home in Dubai saying, "All I can say is we're devastated, it's a total shock." Religion of Peace indeed... UPDATE: More here: NDTV.COM Thoughts from writers at the National Review Posted by DaveH at 12:51 PM | Comments (0) December 26, 2007 WTF??? - going beyond your average tattoo Getting a tattoo of a good looking busty lady is not that uncommon. (On someone's calf in this case) Giving it silicone breast implants is. From Blame It On The Voices : Silicone implants for tattoo boobs If you really wanna impress with your tattoo, here's what you gotta do: The entry continues with pictures of the procedure and the result. Part of me is saying: Waaaay to go Dude! Part of me is saying: Like what were you thinking? Posted by DaveH at 9:44 PM | Comments (1) Schadenfreude - Paris Hilton department He had talked about it before, here and here . Last July, Paris Hilton's grandfather, Barron Hilton threatened to take her inheritance away and then relented a day later. Well, about six months later, he has gone back to his original idea with a very nice twist... From Yahoo News/Reuters : Paris loses out: Hilton fortune pledged to charity Hotel heiress Paris Hilton's potential inheritance dramatically diminished after her grandfather Barron Hilton announced plans on Wednesday to donate 97 percent of his $2.3 billion fortune to charity. That wealth includes $1.2 billion Barron Hilton stands to earn from both the recent sale of Hilton Hotels Corp. -- started by his father Conrad in 1919 when he bought a small hotel in Cisco, Texas -- and pending sale of the world's biggest casino company, Harrah's Entertainment Inc. That money will be placed in a charitable trust that will eventually benefit the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, raising its total value to about $4.5 billion, the foundation said in a statement. Barron Hilton, chairman of the foundation, intends "to contribute 97 percent of his entire net worth, estimated today at $2.3 billion, including the created trusts, at whatever value it is at the time of his passing," the foundation said. Paris Hilton was not immediately available for comment on her grandfather's plans for his fortune. No shit Sherlock! Jerry Oppenheimer, who profiled the Hilton family in his 2006 book "House of Hilton," has said Barron Hilton is embarrassed by the behavior of his socialite granddaughter Paris and believes it has sullied the family name. Putting the money into the foundation is wonderful -- from the article: The foundation supports projects that provide clean water in Africa, education for blind children, and housing for the mentally ill. Its aims, based on Conrad Hilton's will, are "to relieve the suffering, the distressed and the destitute." A bit more: Conrad Hilton established the foundation in 1944 and when he died in 1979 left virtually all of his fortune -- including, according to media reports at the time, a 27 percent controlling stake in Hilton Hotels -- to the charity. But Barron Hilton challenged the will and after a nearly decade-long legal struggle reached an out-of-court settlement to split ownership of the shares with the foundation in 1988, The New York Times reported. To think that she might actually have to get a job... Heh... She makes a decent chunk of change by appearing at parties and such but now that she is no longer the naughty billionaire heiress but only the trailer-trash bitch with a couple million bucks, I am betting that her social cachet will plummet and she will be doing Supermarket Grand Openings in a year or two. In Gary, Indiana. We do not stand alone, we are all connected to the web of life and in the greatest sense, we are truly responsible for the results of our own actions. The goal is to recognize this truth before a Supermarket in Gary, Indiana makes you an offer that you cannot refuse... And not just any science lab, a science lab that says this on its website : Research Interests: The overall objective of research in our laboratory is to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that underlie the interactions of marine animals with their chemical environment. Our general approach is to examine these mechanisms from a comparative/evolutionary perspective Meet Nathaniel Abraham -- from Wired Magazine : Creationist Biologist Says Civil Rights Violated by Employer's Insistence on Evolution In some areas of science, accepting evolution isn't necessary to do your job. But that's not the case when your job involves studying evolution. The Boston Globe reported last week that biologist Nathaniel Abraham is suing the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, one of the world's foremost marine research centers. A bit more: Only after he was hired did Abraham mention that he didn't believe in evolution and didn't want to work on evolution-related research. Hahn asked Abraham to resign. He left in December 2004. Abraham took his case to the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination, which ruled against him in April of this year. His new lawsuit, filed in federal district court on November 30, claims violation of his rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and asks for $500,000 in damages. Posted by DaveH at 7:12 AM December 25, 2007 Gateway Pundit has been covering the celebration of Christmas in Iraq : Merry Christmas -- 2007 Eyes are on Iraq this year and thankful that there is reconciliation and a peace movement on the streets today. Shiite tribal leaders attended Christmas Mass in Iraq today. 2,000 people crowded the Mar Eliya Church in Baghdad today. Shiite tribal leaders attend Christmas mass at an Assyrian orthodox church in Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2007. Gateway links to this report from Breitbart : Muslim clerics�both Sunni and Shiite�also attended the service in a sign of unity. "May Iraq be safe every year, and may our Christian brothers be safe every year," Shiite cleric Hadi al-Jazail told AP Television News outside the church. "We came to celebrate with them and to reassure them." Wonderful news! Signing off for now; and to all, a good night... Merry Christmas and have a very Happy New year! Posted by DaveH at 9:39 PM | Comments (0) Happy Birthday - John Conway John Conway turns 70 on 12/26 Who He you ask? Lubo� Motl has a nice biography - the guy has been busy and is involved in a lot of different areas. A polymath and a genius. John Conway: 70th birthday John Horton Conway, a famous English mathematician, was born exactly 70 years ago, on 12/26/1937. Congratulations! He has contributed great things to game theory and algorithmics, group theory, geometry (classification of polychora), knot theory (applications of skein relations that led to knot polynomials), and theoretical physics. A few of the things he has worked with: "Game of Life" and other fun things for adult children Conway's inventions in recreational mathematics and his popularization pieces and books are far too numerous to enumerate here. He can calculate the day of the week in two seconds or so, using his Doomsday Al Gore Rhythm. Also, Conway's "Game of Life" remains the most popular cellular automaton. And a little bit on his Free will theorem The free will theorem is a very cute sharpened reformulation of the hidden variables no-go theorems that can be phrased in the following way: If experimenters have free will, then so do elementary particles. Because this statement may sound too entertaining, let me emphasize that it is not a caricature of the theorem. They actually prove nothing else than the exact, most obvious interpretation of the sentence above. And a couple other good ones. Conway is one of those people who crop up every so often to make the world interesting and to shake things up a bit for complacent scholars... We need more people like him! Curious story from the LA Times : EBay goes far to fight fraud -- all the way to Romania The country is the top source of organized scams on the auction site. The company has sent over equipment and a team to help the authorities there. RAMNICU VALCEA, ROMANIA -- This small industrial center in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains is not Albena Spasova's favorite destination. Driving the twisting highway makes her ill. Once she arrives, danger lurks. U.S. Secret Service agents escort her, for her safety. Over the last two years, they have kept watch on dozens of trips, some lasting weeks, others months, as she has spent long days foraging through case files with local police and long nights holed up in one of the town's few hotels, with her windows locked. "You don't know who to trust there. You can't use the hotel phone line. When you step outside, you can spot the local hackers in their cars, circling around," said Spasova, 33. "The Secret Service agents always book my accommodation and make sure I'm in a room next to them." Ramnicu Valcea is an improbable capital of anything, but this obscure town is a global center of Internet and credit card fraud. And Spasova is an accomplished online fraud buster, helping to take down cyber-crime gangs across Romania. She isn't an FBI agent, though, nor a Romanian police officer. Spasova works for EBay. No one, it turns out, does Internet auction fraud like the Romanians. Bulgarians specialize in intellectual property theft; Ukraine is a leader in online credit card crime; the Russians have a profitable niche in Internet dating fraud. But when it comes to online auctions, particularly for big-ticket items such as cars that can yield $5,000 a scam, Romanians own the game. Romanian police estimate that cyber-crime is now a multimillion-dollar national industry, as important to organized criminals here as drug smuggling or human trafficking. The Internet Crime Complaint Center, a partnership between the FBI and the National White Collar Crime Center, ranks Romania fifth in its table of naughty nations. But most experts agree that doesn't give Romanian criminals their due. Much of the cash being made on auction fraud reported as originating in the U.S., Canada, Britain, Spain or Italy is actually being picked up in those countries by Romanian money mules. An EBay fraud ring busted last year in Chicago, for example, has been traced to Pitesti, Romania. Interestingly enough, Romania is also home to some stellar anti-virus and computer security products. BitDefender is one example. I am on several internet forums for various topics and there is always the occasional post about someone trying to sell an expensive item in eBay and getting a fishy offer for it -- a cashiers check with a courier picking up the item. The few times these transactions have completed, the bank notifies the seller a week or so later that the cashiers check was a forgery and the seller is S.O.L. for the money and the item. Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) A wonderful dinner The Beef was roasted and the shrimp were devoured. Plates were cleaned and a good time was had by all. It is snowing now, about an inch or two accumulation so very much a White Christmas. Dishes are in the dishwasher, just took Dad home and now am surfing for a bit, finishing off a bottle of wine and feeling very full and mellow... Posted by DaveH at 8:35 PM | Comments (0) Such a peach - Kim Jong-Il I cannot understand why people don't like him. From Yahoo/AFP : N Korean leader even fixes TVs for beloved troops: state media North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il has such "paternal love" for his troops that he even checks the TV reception and room temperature in their barracks, state media said Monday. "Today, the soldiers of the Korean People's Army revere and follow leader Kim Jong-Il rather as their father than as the supreme commander," said a eulogy carried by the official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) to mark the 16th anniversary of Kim's assuming the top command. Kim paid scrupulous attention to the needs of his soldiers, "showing them warmer affection than their own parents would," it said. The agency cited his actions in fixing the TV reception for a women's unit located in a deep valley; encouraging sketching by the troops; replacing threadbare winter uniforms; and even checking the room temperature and water quality while inspecting bedrooms and bathhouses. "Immeasurable is the warmth of his parental love for the soldiers," KCNA added. Meanwhile, the nation is without sufficient food, water or power. The elite live very well while the poor starve. The government makes its money by counterfeiting US currency and munitions sales to terrorist nations and groups. They did set off a nuke and although it was more of a dud than a sauces, who knows about the second one. Nice people... Posted by DaveH at 1:40 PM | Comments (0) Google Trends on this day Thanks to Gerard Vanderleun for this link to Google Trends Google Trends monitors what people are searching for on Google and presents the top ten: Click for full-size image. C'mon folks - a little planning is called for... I love that Microsoft's Zune is number four with a search on how to set it up. Must be really intuitive and easy to use... Posted by DaveH at 1:27 PM | Comments (0) December 24, 2007 And to all, a good night... Going out to the Dave Cave(tm) to work on some stuff and then, calling it an early evening. We are having my Dad and one of our neighbors over for a roast beef dinner tomorrow. Shrimp Cocktail, Salad, the Beef, oven roasted Parsnips and some wonderful Chocolate Mousse Cakes that a local baker does. Now that the Mt. Baker Ski Area has opened, things have been really busy at the store so it will be great to have a day off tomorrow. To all of you, Have a Fantastic Christmas and a Happy New Year! Posted by DaveH at 8:06 PM | Comments (0) Pulling the tail of a sleeping Lion Not generally a good thing to do. Bill Whittle ... Well, I'll just let Bill set this up for you: A BRIEF LESSON IN ELEMENTARY SELF-DEFENSE A few nights ago, just before bedtime, I was swimming a final blog lap for the day and came upon an entry at my friend Rand Simberg�s blog, Transterrestrial Musings . It was a simple comment about Mike Huckabee�s plan to be �energy free by 2017.� Rand was merely pointing out that a commenter had made the coveted Simpsons Nerd / Physics Nerd / Political Nerd trifecta: �In this campaign we obey the laws of thermodynamics!� Ha-ha! And now a quick scan of the comments before off to bed� �and I find the following � apropos of precisely nothing � nasty little cut-and-paste slash job: Have you considered the possibility yet that you might be ignorant American redneck hillbilly fascists? Analysis of these seven regimes reveals fourteen common threads that link them in recognizable patterns of national behavior and abuse of power. These basic characteristics are more prevalent and intense in some regimes than in others, but they all share at least some level of similarity. 1. Powerful and continuing expressions of nationalism. From the prominent displays of flags and bunting to the ubiquitous lapel pins, the fervor to show patriotic nationalism, both on the part of the regime itself and of citizens caught up in its frenzy, was always obvious. Catchy slogans, pride in the military, and demands for unity were common themes in expressing this nationalism. It was usually coupled with a suspicion of things foreign that often bordered on xenophobia. 2. Disdain for the importance of human rights. The regimes themselves viewed human rights as of little value and a hindrance to realizing the objectives of the ruling elite. Through clever use of propaganda, the population was brought to accept these human rights abuses by marginalizing, even demonizing, those being targeted. When abuse was egregious, the tactic was to use secrecy, denial, and disinformation. 3. Identification of enemies/scapegoats as a unifying cause. The most significant common thread among these regimes was the use of scapegoating as a means to divert the people�s attention from other problems, to shift blame for failures, and to channel frustration in controlled directions. The methods of choice�relentless propaganda and disinformation�were usually effective. Often the regimes would incite �spontaneous� acts against the target scapegoats, usually communists, socialists, liberals, Jews, ethnic and racial minorities, traditional national enemies, members of other religions, secularists, homosexuals, and �terrorists.� Active opponents of these regimes were inevitably labeled as terrorists and dealt with accordingly. The poster's cut-and-paste screed (came from here actually)went on for a while. Bill decided to reply: Now I see this sort of nonsense all the time. But for some reason, the sheer inappropriateness of it � the random, smug, bastardousity of it just got to me. I am somewhat ashamed to say it woke my inner Balrog: And so, despite the lateness of the hour, I responded on the fly and wrote this (with three or four additional sentences added this evening): Carl Sagan, when responding in detail to the obvious lunacy in Velikovsky�s WORLDS IN COLLISION thesis, said that doing so �sharpened the mind for useful work." I don�t really have the time to do this correctly, but just as something to do over a milk and cookie before bed: American, have you considered the possibility you might be a f**king idiot? 1. Powerful and continuing expressions of nationalism. During WWII, �Powerful and continuing expressions of nationalism� were indeed common in Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan. They were identically common in the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. If patriotic displays are the sign of fascism and anti-fascism equally, then it seems to me you have proven nothing. 2. Disdain for the importance of human rights. Nowhere on the planet is there greater legal protection of individual rights than in ignorant redneck hillbilly fascist America. The Bill of Rights, with its iron-clad protections against self-incrimination and double-jeopardy (not to mention the writ of habeas corpus and the presumption of innocence), have never been matched in human history. And these protections are being strengthened, rather than weakened over time, as confessional protections and Miranda rights clearly show. 3. Identification of enemies/scapegoats as a unifying cause. Two concepts; let�s take them separately. Identification of Enemies: Al Qaeda was identified � rather slyly on our part � by the fact that they flew airplanes into Manhattan and Washington and then took credit for it. If that does not clear your bar as a realistic and accurate measure of a real � not imaginary � enemy, then you fail the Reasonable Man test. This will comes as more of a shock to you than it does to us. Second, a �scapegoat� is used to focus the rage of a group or individual on another to make up for slights and humiliations. It is the refuge of a loser� such as humiliated Germany in the 20�s and 30�s. The United States, you museum-grade idiot, is the most successful society in history: not just economically and militarily (as if that wasn�t enough) but also as the undisputed leader in science and technology, the arts, music, film and overall cultural influence. There has never been a people less in need of a scapegoat than Americans. YOU, however, are a loser. And your search for a scapegoat is rather pathetically unraveling. Bill proceeds to demolish each line-item of this persons 14 points and then closes with this excellent observation and idea: Now I only copy this exchange here for one reason: Many people hear or read something like �american�s� rant and think that because it is structured and literate there must be something to it. How many college students today, when presented with such nonsense, would read it and think that they are approaching the days of a Nazi state? Lots. Damn it! Lots of them would. Why? Because, like the 9/11 conspiracy �troofers,� no one bothers to call these people out. Thinking about this response took half again as long as actually typing it did: which is to say a few minutes. That is because I know how far from reality this diatribe is. These are things I think about every day, and likely, so do you. Realizing from scratch that his point was absurd, the specifics were easy. We can no longer afford to let this anti-American garbage pass unchallenged. As a kind and secure people, we tend to let a lot of this go under the bridge, but this kind of crap gets more and more traction, and those days I think must come to an end for a while. Now normally I do not employ personal ridicule, but I was writing in the heat of the moment and I thought it was no less than such a puerile attempt deserved. These people need to be challenged, factually defeated, thrashed, and mocked. There was a time when common sense was prevalent enough that arguments this absurd would be laughed at on the street. I mean to return to those times, one self-righteous idiot at a time. Wonderful words and a wonderful solution -- to be mocked burns deeply. It might just prompt these jackasses to actually think (shudder). Posted by DaveH at 6:58 PM Church fundraising - the Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30) Very clever was to raise money for a church. The Pastor delivers the weekly homily on the Parable of the Talents and then hands each of his 1,700 odd parishioners an envelope with $50 and tells them to double it within seven weeks. From AOL/AP : Pastor's Challenge Shocks Congregation The Rev. Hamilton Coe Throckmorton shivered with anticipation as he gazed at the loot - wads of $50 bills piled high beside boxes of crayons in a Sunday school classroom. Cautiously, he locked the door. Then he started counting. It was a balmy Friday evening in September. From several floors below faint melodies drifted up - the choir practicing for Sunday service. Throckmorton was oblivious. For hours, perched awkwardly on child-sized wooden stools surrounded by biblical murals and children's drawings, the pastor and a handful of coconspirators concentrated on the count. Forty-thousand dollars. Throckmorton smiled in satisfaction as he stashed the money in a safe. That Sunday, the 52-year-old minister donned his creamy white robes, swept to the pulpit and delivered one of the most extraordinary sermons of his life. First he read from the Gospel of Matthew. "And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his ability." Then he explained the parable of the talents, which tells of the rich master who entrusts three servants with a sum of money - "talents" - and instructs them to go forth and do good. The master lavishes praise on the two servants who double their money. But he casts into the wilderness the one so afraid to take a risk that he buries his share. Throckmorton spends up to 20 hours working on his weekly homily, and his clear diction, contemplative message and ringing voice command the church. Gazing down from the pulpit that Sunday, Throckmorton dropped his bombshell. Like the master, he would entrust each adult with a sum of money - in this case, $50. Church members had seven weeks to find ways to double their money, the proceeds to go toward church missions. "Live the parable of the talents!" Throckmorton exhorted, as assistants handed out hundreds of red envelops stuffed with crisp $50 bills and stunned church members did quick mental calculations, wondering where all the money had come from. There are about 1,700 in the congregation, though not everyone attends each week. The cash, Throckmorton explained, was loaned by several anonymous donors. And it worked: "There was definitely this tension, this pressure to live up to something," said Hal Maskiell, a 62-year-old retired Navy pilot who spent days trying to figure out how to meet the challenge. Maskiell's passion is flying a four-seater Cessna 172 Skyhawk over the Cuyahoga County hills. He decided to use his $50 to rent air time from Portage County airport and charge $30 for half-hour rides. Church members eagerly signed up. Maskiell was thrilled to get hours of flying time, and he raised $700. His girlfriend, Kathy Marous, 55, was far less confident. What talents do I have, she thought dejectedly. She was tempted to give the money back. And then Marous found an old family recipe for tomato soup, one she hadn't made in 19 years. She remembered how much she had enjoyed the chopping and the cooking and the canning and the smells. With Hal's encouragement Marous dug out her pots. She bought three pecks of tomatoes. Suddenly she was chopping and cooking and canning again. At $5 a jar, she made $180. Bunch of other stories - one guy sold rides on his Harley, people did crafts -- knitting, origami, one person sold "chicken shares" -- people would pay and receive three dozen eggs and a photo of the hen. The initial count was $38K over the original $40K distributed and money is still trickling in. Sweet story and clever fundraising idea... Posted by DaveH at 6:37 PM | Comments (0) A Pig's Tale A wonderful story about Chitlin, the pet pig over at Atomic Nerds. Caution - multiple drink alert - it hurts when you snort a decent Merlot out your nose... Year of the Pig Michele blogs about expectations of Christmas as being perfect and Rockwellian, versus the reality of something more resembling a wacky Christmas movie. I never really had any expectations of a Rockwellian Christmas. The few memories I do have of Christmases before my parents� divorce (I was seven) are of imperfect holidays- Grandma was over and she was riding Mom for something, the Christmas tree went over after cats chased each other up it (or I pulled it over), always something. After the divorce, Christmas day was divided between Dad�s house- always fraught, since my stepmother made no bones about hating my guts, and liked to use holidays to underline her contempt- and Mom�s. The bits that weren�t spent under my stepmother�s just-drop-dead glare were imperfect, but nice; presents were opened Christmas morning, then there was hot chocolate, tea, pajamas all day (until I had to go over to Dad�s), and reading whatever looked the most promising out of the books given that year. Some years are more imperfect than others. First, a little background: When I was maybe eleven or twelve, for reasons that seem unfathomable to me now, my mother and I thought it would be a fun idea to get a pet pot-bellied pig. They were exotic, they were all the rage, and being the precocious little animal-lover I was, I had read all about how intelligent and social they were. Which indeed they are- the great pig saga was my first introduction to the lesson every pet keeper needs, which is that high intelligence is often a drawback rather than a plus in a pet, and social means a lot of things. At the time, we were fairly naive when it comes to obtaining animals; we still thought newspaper classifieds were a great way to find a breeder. We used the classifieds and found a breeder in a nearby county, who traveled into town to sell us a piglet. At the time, we had no idea that during the height of the pot-bellied pig craze, it was a common scam tactic for unscrupulous breeders to pass a cross of the small, docile, expensive potbelly and a big, mean, cheap farm pig off as a purebred potbelly to prospective suckers who wouldn�t be able to tell the difference. As the cute little black piglet we brought home that day wound up growing to more than 200 pounds of ornery pork, it is very likely we were the suckers in this scenario. We named him Chitlin, short for the chitterlings (stewed, boiled, and then maybe fried bits of pig intestine) common in the region of Lousiana my mother grew up in. That we found this hliarious tells you something about my mother and me, and also perhaps explains why Chitlin grew up with a grudge against humanity. As a piglet, like many young animals that undergo a radical personality shift as adults, he was every bit the charming pet we had been led to expect he would be. He was a litterbox-trained housepet who liked to sleep next to the bed, and LOVED to snuggle in a beanbag. He was easily trained, as he�d do anything for food. For about two years, Chitlin was an adored, if unusual, companion. And things rapidly devolve into chaos. Quite the story! Posted by DaveH at 6:25 PM | Comments (0) December 23, 2007 No posting tonight (except for this one) Had a fairly busy day at the store today. I want to automate our video rental system -- the previous owners had it all done with 2-part forms and odd little slips of paper. Needless to say, I am computerizing it. I found some excellent software ( Video-Vision Plus ) for about $500 but getting the 1,600+ disks into it was daunting to say the least. Fortunately, Video-Vision Plus plays nice with another app called Movie Collector and for $199.00, I bought the package including their Movie software as well as their Music CD and Book apps plus the coolest little barcode scanner I have seen in a while. It uses MEMS to direct the laser beam and will store 500 barcodes. I scan a bunch of videos, run upstairs to the office computer, plug it in an hit Search and the software will go to the Collectorz database as well as IMDB, Amazon.US, UK, JP as well as several other DVD databases. It will not only download the movie title, it also gets the actors, director, author, composer, plot synopsis, etc... Even a copy of the cover artwork. Video-Vision imports Movie Collector databases including the cover pics... How cool is that!!! The collector software is really nice, stable and well written. Any of their versions (DVD, CD, Book, Comic, Game, MP3 or Photo is only $39 - well worth it... After work, Jen and I drive into town, kidnapped my Dad and we drove about an hour south to Stanwood, WA, home of " The Lights of Christmas" " They advertised over a Million Lights and I believe that. WOW! $12 to get in, we looked at most of the stuff, had a draft horse carriage ride, had a tractor pulled wagon ride, scritched some goats and sheep and had some of their signature fresh doughnuts with some hot chocolate. All in all, we spent about two hours. We could have spent some more time (didn't see everything) but Dad was getting a bit tired and so were we... The site is a Christian Camp and we were worried that it might be "preachy" but it was not. There were a few signs with relevant quotes from Scripture and Psalms but the words were appropriate to the setting and there was no proselytizing. A really nice vibe for everyone. Posted by DaveH at 11:27 PM David Byrne on the Music "Business" Excellent and clear breakdown of the traditional and current music business with explanations of the various types of contracts and how you, as the musician, can get screwed. From Wired : David Byrne's Survival Strategies for Emerging Artists � and Megastars Full disclosure: I used to own a record label. That label, Luaka Bop, still exists, though I'm no longer involved in running it. My last record came out through Nonesuch, a subsidiary of the Warner Music Group empire. I have also released music through indie labels like Thrill Jockey, and I have pressed up CDs and sold them on tour. I tour every few years, and I don't see it as simply a loss leader for CD sales. So I have seen this business from both sides. I've made money, and I've been ripped off. I've had creative freedom, and I've been pressured to make hits. I have dealt with diva behavior from crazy musicians, and I have seen genius records by wonderful artists get completely ignored. I love music. I always will. It saved my life, and I bet I'm not the only one who can say that. What is called the music business today, however, is not the business of producing music. At some point it became the business of selling CDs in plastic cases, and that business will soon be over. But that's not bad news for music, and it's certainly not bad news for musicians. Indeed, with all the ways to reach an audience, there have never been more opportunities for artists. And a bit more on "the business of selling CDs in plastic cases" This was the system that evolved over the past century to market the product, which is to say the container � vinyl, tape, or disc � that carried the music. (Calling the product music is like selling a shopping cart and calling it groceries.) Like he says, the traditional model has been eclipsed by technology. Where you used to require $15K of session time in a big studio, you can now do the same quality of work with a couple thousand bucks worth of off-the-shelf hardware (microphones, mixer, signal processors, monitor speakers, software) and a decent computer. The cost to duplicate is minimal - in thousand quantities, you can get bare disks professionally duplicated for well under 50�/piece and going whole hog with 4-color printed disks, an insert, jewel cases and shrink-wrapped package, you are still only looking at about $1.80 or so. Set up a My Space page and there you go! Posted by DaveH at 3:24 PM | Comments (0) Walking with bears It seems that the brown bears in Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula aren't as aggressive as the US Grizzlies. There is a wonderful little photo gallery at English Russia with some of these critters getting along just fine with some humans. Here is one photo: Hey buddy, you gonna eat that fish? Cute! Posted by DaveH at 1:47 PM | Comments (0) Smoking ban - one solution There is now a smoking ban in restaurants in Germany. One restaurateur came up with this novel work-around. From Der Spiegel : Restaurateur Introduces Smoking Hole A restaurateur in Lower Saxony has refused to be deterred by the state's new ban on smoking in bars and restaurants: He has sawed three holes in the wall so patrons can smoke "outside." A German restaurateur has come up with a novel solution to a new ban on smoking in restaurants: He has made three holes in the wall of his restaurant so that customers can smoke "outside." Whatever the bureaucrats can come up with, there is always an inventive mind that can circumvent the new law (but it's for our own good 'ya see...) Posted by DaveH at 1:22 PM | Comments (0) December 22, 2007 Happy Solstice 2007 Tomorrow will have about three minutes more daylight than today. Living this far north, these things matter... Today's Astronomy Photo of the Day sums it up: Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky Credit & Copyright : Danilo Pivato Explanation: Today the Solstice occurs at 0608 Universal Time, the Sun reaching its southernmost declination in planet Earth's sky. Of course, the December Solstice marks the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the south. When viewed from northern latitudes, the Sun will make its lowest arc through the sky along the southern horizon. So in the north, the Solstice day has the shortest length of time between sunrise and sunset and fewest hours of daylight. This striking composite image follows the Sun's path through the December Solstice day of 2005 in a beautiful blue sky, looking down the Tyrrhenian Sea coast from Santa Severa toward Fiumicino, Italy. The view covers about 115 degrees in 43 separate, well-planned exposures from sunrise to sunset. Visit the Astronomy Picture of the Day for a full-sized version of this gorgeous image. Danilo has some other wonderful images on his own website: Danilo Pivato Posted by DaveH at 9:36 PM | Comments (0) Michael Jackson - plastic surgery failure I guess that too much of something can be really bad for you. A few weeks ago, photos of M.J. were circulating around the internet -- he was in the Las Vegas Barnes & Noble shopping with his three kids. He wore large dark glasses, a cape with a hood pulled over his head and lots of bandages on his face. Had he recently had additional surgery? Yes it turns out but for a different reason -- from the UK Daily Mail's Metro website : Jackson's lips 'burst and collapsed' The mystery behind the horror pictures of Michael Jackson's bandaged and plastered face has been revealed. The 49-year-old singer was reportedly forced to have emergency surgery after his five-year-old son accidentally smacked him in the face, bursting and collapsing his lips, a source reveals. 'He was whacked in the face accidentally by his younger son Prince Michael II while playing around and part of Jackson's upper lip collapsed.' 'That mishap led an hysterical' Jacko to make a beeline for the plastic surgeon for a bit of quickie repair work' the insider claims. At the beginning of week, shocking pictures were floated on the internet showing the 'Bad' singer trying to conceal a mouth smothered in plasters under sunglasses and a hat. Sheesh - I would hate to think of what the tissue must be like to be that friable. Must have been quite the shock to the kid too - you are playing with daddy and all of a sudden, his face falls apart with the attendant gout of blood. Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM Unique Nuclear Reactors An interesting list from the Energy Information Administration . Here is the first entry talking about the first electrical power ever generated by a reactor back in December, 1951: Unique Reactors In this ordinary-looking photograph, taken in Idaho in December 1951, the reader is witnessing a technological breakthrough that will change history. The light bulbs are quite ordinary but they rely on the Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 for their source of power. Years later, President Eisenhower will launch the international "Atoms for Peace" program. Idaho's National Energy and Environmental Engineering Lab web site provides a film of the EBR-1 in action. 1951: The EBR-1 and the Four Light Bulbs Idaho might not be the first State that comes to mind when people think about the atom, but "the Gem of the Mountains" has played a significant role in developing nuclear power for more than 50 years. In 1951, the National Reactor Testing Station (now known as the Idaho National Energy and Environmental Laboratory, or INEEL) used the world's first nuclear-provided electricity to light one of its buildings. The source of the power was the Station's Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 (EBR-1), a unit that continued in service until decommissioned in 1964. More information on the EBR-1, including tours at the museum site, and on the lab's other projects, can be obtained on the INEEL web site. Nuclear power generation is the single best way to cut CO2 emissions. The fuel is cheap, abundant and the cost of operation is minimal. The waste is radioactive but the technology for safekeeping is available now. Coal ash is more toxic in the long term. From the Kitsap Sun : Strange Santa Scene Makes Bremerton Man's Comment on Christmas Santa's keeping watch over a West Bremerton neighborhood in a way that has some offended and everyone else at least a bit curious about the motive. In the front yard of a house on the 300 block of Olympic Avenue stands a crucifix about 15-feet tall, bearing Santa Claus in place of Jesus. Jake Tally of Bremerton walked by the display Friday and chuckled, but didn't pretend to understand the message. "I don't really know what to think. I know it's about God but Santa has nothing to do with it," he said. Nearby neighbors were mixed with their reviews Friday. One woman said she was offended. Another said she feared how children might respond. One man said he thought perhaps the homeowner was displaying a message about the commercialization of Christmas. Art Conrad, who owns the home and put up the display, said the commercialization angle is the number one impetus for the display, but he's also making a statement about political correctness. That he finds Santa on a cross a hilarious juxtaposition fits in the list of motives, too. A bit more: He created it by stuffing a Santa suit and borrowing the head off a motion-activated Santa that dances and sings Christmas carols. The headless dancing Santa now carries a knife and sings and dances on Conrad's front porch. Conrad photographed the crucified Santa and created his own Christmas cards, one with the message, "Santa died for your MasterCard." "Santa has been perverted from who he started out to be," Conrad said. "Now he's the person being used by corporations to get us to buy more stuff." Conrad said the second message comes from his belief that people are so afraid of being politically incorrect that they won't do anything because of what other people might think or what the American Civil Liberties Union might do. Heh -- almost worth driving the couple hours to check it out. Bremerton is a big Navy town - working class but nice. Posted by DaveH at 7:37 PM | Comments (0) December 21, 2007 Headline News from Exeter University : Exeter mathematician solves traffic jam mystery Mathematicians from the University of Exeter have solved the mystery of traffic jams by developing a model to show how major delays occur on our roads, with no apparent cause. Many traffic jams leave drivers baffled as they finally reach the end of a tail-back to find no visible cause for their delay. Now, a team of mathematicians from the Universities of Exeter, Bristol and Budapest, have found the answer and published their findings in leading academic journal Proceedings of the Royal Society. The team developed a mathematical model to show the impact of unexpected events such as a lorry pulling out of its lane on a dual carriageway. Their model revealed that slowing down below a critical speed when reacting to such an event, a driver would force the car behind to slow down further and the next car back to reduce its speed further still. The result of this is that several miles back, cars would finally grind to a halt, with drivers oblivious to the reason for their delay. The model predicts that this is a very typical scenario on a busy highway (above 10�15 vehicles per km). The jam moves backwards through the traffic creating a so-called �backward travelling wave�, which drivers may encounter many miles upstream, several minutes after it was triggered. Dr G�bor Orosz of the University of Exeter�s School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, said: �As many of us prepare to travel long distances to see family and friends over Christmas, we�re likely to experience the frustration of getting stuck in a traffic jam that seems to have no cause. Our model shows that overreaction of a single driver can have enormous impact on the rest of the traffic, leading to massive delays.� Drivers and policy-makers have not previously known why jams like this occur, though many have put it down to the sheer volume of traffic. While this clearly plays a part in this new theory, the main issue is around the smoothness of traffic flow. According to the model, heavy traffic will not automatically lead to congestion but can be smooth-flowing. This model takes into account the time-delay in drivers� reactions, which lead to drivers braking more heavily than would have been necessary had they identified and reacted to a problem ahead a second earlier. Dr. Orosz' staff website is here , personal website here . Related article in Science Daily . One slight problem... Nine years ago, Bill Beaty, Seattle scientist and Geek Extraordinaire published this article on his website analyzing the problem of traffic waves, showing the reason for their formation and showing an incredibly simple cure for them: TRAFFIC WAVES SOMETIMES ONE DRIVER CAN VASTLY IMPROVE TRAFFIC. I live in Seattle and my two daily commutes last about 45 minutes. (That's when I'm lucky; sometimes it's more like two hours each.) This has given me an immense amount of time for watching the interesting patterns in the cars. Boredom led me to fantasize about the traffic being like a flowing liquid, with cars acting as giant water molecules. Over many months I slowly realized that this was not just a fantasy. Why had I never noticed all the "traffic fluid dynamics" out there? Once my brain became sensitized to it, I started seeing quite a variety of interesting things occurring. Eventually I started using my car to poke at the flowing traffic. Observation eventually leads to experimentation, no? There are amazing things you can do as an "amateur traffic dynamicist." You can drive like an "anti-rubbernecker" and erase slowdowns created by other drivers. But first, some basic phenomena. A bit more directly addressing the spontaneous formation of these waves. NOT CAUSED BY ACCIDENTS These sorts of travelling waves are common during heavy traffic conditions. An accident isn't needed to create them, sometimes they are caused by near-misses, by people cutting each other off, by merging lanes at a construction site, or simply by extra cars entering from an on-ramp. In traffic engineering lingo, they can be caused by "incidents" on the highway. A single "rubbernecker" could cause one by momentarily stopping to look at something interesting. Whenever you slow way down in order to merge across a lane to get to your upcoming exit, YOU could create one. Sometimes the traffic waves have have no real cause at all . They appear because tiny random motions can trigger large results. They are like sand ripples and sand dunes, and they just build up for no clear reason. They are like ocean waves caused by the steady breeze, or like the waves which move along a flapping flag. They just "emerge" spontaneously from the writheing lines of traffic. In the science of Nonlinear Dynamics this is called an EMERGENT PHENOMENON ." This is rather odd as a Google Search for traffic wave (singular) turns up over 700,000 hits and Bill's site is number three and number four on the ranking. A search for traffic waves (plural) turns up over 170,000 hits and Bill's is number one and two on the ranking with additional links to his site starting around number ten. Surely a little research could have turned up this perfect example of Prior Art. From the Chicago Tribune/AP : Roofing company billionaire dies after falling through roof The 91st richest man in the U.S., a roofing company billionaire, has died after falling through his home garage's roof, local authorities said Friday. Ken Hendricks, 66, was checking on construction on the roof over his garage at his home in the town of Rock Thursday night when he fell through, Rock County Sheriff's Department commander Troy Knudson said. He suffered massive head injuries, according to his company, ABC Supply Co. Hendricks' wife called authorities and attempted CPR on her husband, he said. Hendricks was taken first to a Beloit hospital and then transferred to Rockford Memorial Hospital in Winnebago County, Illinois. He was pronounced dead there early Friday morning, Winnebago County coroner Sue Fiduccia said. An autopsy is planned for Friday. The ABC Supply web page is here . Sad story... Posted by DaveH at 6:36 PM December 20, 2007 As England circles the drain - popular children's names With twits like Rowan Williams running the show, it's not exactly rocket science to see that it's being overrun by Muslims. A slow war but a war none the less. Another article at The Telegraph : Mohammed to overtake Jack as favourite name Mohammed is on track to become the most popular boys' name in England and Wales by next year. The name was second only to Jack in 2007, which has been top for the last 13 years. But there were just 385 more children called Jack and because of the high birth rate among Muslim families, the name is set to become the most popular boy's name by next year. While Mohammed is in 17th place, its position would be number two if all 14 variant spellings of the name were taken into account. While 6,772 boys were called Jack, 6,387 were called Mohammed or a variant. A lot of these people are good people but the Wahabbists, the power-hungry theocrats who foment terror and oppression are following the prophet of Satan. Our great friends the English are turning a cultural blind eye toward this reality and things are going to get a lot worse everywhere before they get better. Why is it that each War is the "War to end all wars" - sometimes we are such stupid creatures it's amazing that we exist at all... Posted by DaveH at 7:41 PM | Comments (0) Hits bottom and keeps digging - Archbishop of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams should be truly ashamed of himself. From The Telegraph : Archbishop says nativity 'a legend' The Archbishop of Canterbury said yesterday that the Christmas story of the Three Wise Men was nothing but a 'legend'. Dr Rowan Williams has claimed there was little evidence that the Magi even existed and there was certainly nothing to prove there were three of them or that they were kings. He said the only reference to the wise men from the East was in Matthew's gospel and the details were very vague. Dr Williams said: "Matthew's gospel says they are astrologers, wise men, priests from somewhere outside the Roman Empire, that's all we're really told. It works quite well as legend." The Archbishop went on to dispel other details of the Christmas story, adding that there were probably no asses or oxen in the stable. He argued that Christmas cards which showed the Virgin Mary cradling the baby Jesus, flanked by shepherds and wise men, were misleading. As for the scenes that depicted snow falling in Bethlehem, the Archbishop said the chance of this was "very unlikely". Christ on a corn dog -- next, this twit will be saying that the tooth fairy doesn't exist and that Santa is a myth too. Of course the events of the nativity can never be known, they are mysteries. Each of the elements of the nativity story is a metaphor for part of the spiritual journey and together, they form a very touching story. What is his next utterance, how next will he try to destroy the beauty of this religion. A big tip of the hat to Maggie's Farm for the link and one of the commenters there echos my thoughts exactly: It is another example of how liberalism has infected Christianity. The Bible has a name for men like the Archbishop-false teacher! Scripture implies that false teachers and prophets will be judged more harshly. My question is how can men like him not see that? Aren't they the least bit concerned that they may in fact be teaching false doctrine? Of course the Bible warns about that also. So true... Posted by DaveH at 6:56 PM | Comments (0) Never underestimate the power of a geek with whois A bit of a brew-ha-ha at the Clinton campaign headquarters. From ABC News : Clinton Launches Obama Attack Web Sites Clinton Campaign Registered Names of Two Web Sites to Attack Ill. Senator ABC News has learned that the campaign of Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N.Y., has registered the names of two Web sites with the express goal of attacking her chief rival, Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill. It's the first time this election cycle a presidential campaign has launched a Web site with the express purpose of of launching serious criticisms on a rival. Votingpresent.com and Votingpresent.org are domains hosted by the same IP address as official Clinton Web sites, such TheHillaryIKnow.com, which was launched with much fanfare this week. The Clinton campaign intends to use these new Web sites to paint Obama as cowardly. You think that someone at their IT department would have had the basic sense to use a different ISP to host this site... Sheesh! A few seconds with whois and it's patently obvious who is behind this. Posted by DaveH at 6:48 PM Eating Gluten Free A percentage of the population are unable to digest the gluten found in Wheat, Rye and Barley grains. Symptoms include lower GI tract distress and diarrhea. ( here and here ) At the store, we already carry a lot of gluten free foods but I am looking for more sources for pre-made products like breads and cereals. I found a very good site: Don Wiss He also maintains the Gluten Free Links website as well as a links to vendors that is very useful. Woman Ticketed After Goats Caught Mating DIBBLE, Okla. -- Some "goats gone wild" are the talk of a small Oklahoma town. A woman received two tickets after her goats were caught mating and relieving themselves on her own yard. City law said it is illegal for any two animals to have sex in public within Dibble city limits. It's also against law for them to relieve themselves in public even if the animal is fenced in on private land. The owner was shocked when she heard the charges. �I kind of thought if anyone was caught having sex in public, it could have been me,� Carol Medenhall said. The woman fought the tickets and won partially because she didn't know she lived within city limits. Her land was recently annexed by the city, located south of Oklahoma City, but she claims no one told her. Nanny state-ism gone overboard... You can have stock but they can't be animals. Posted by DaveH at 7:38 AM | Comments (0) Black sheep of the family - Clinton's brother You think that they could have made this little 'issue' go away... From the NY Post : HILL'S BROTHER A DEADBEAT OWES 158G IN KID SUPPORT & ALIMONY Hillary Rodham Clinton's youngest sibling is a deadbeat dad who owes tens of thousands of dollars in child support to his politically connected ex, The Post has learned. In a disclosure that could prove embarrassing for his sister, Anthony Rodham has stiffed his former wife, Nicole Boxer, out of $75,000 in child support, as well as $55,000 in alimony, a source close to the case said. Including interest and various fees and expenses, the presidential candidate's brother now owes Boxer - the daughter of Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) - more than $158,000, the source said. The revelation that Rodham is delinquent with his payments won't be a welcome development for Hillary Clinton, coming as the too-close-to-call battle for the Democratic presidential nomination reaches a fevered pitch and with the first votes to be cast in Iowa in exactly two weeks. As Senator Clinton's campaign softly implodes. Couldn't happen to a nicer family... When the United States of America does elect its first Female President, it will not be such a controlling harpy. Posted by DaveH at 7:29 AM | Comments (0) Down and out in Silicon Valley - SUN Microsystems How the mighty have fallen. A set of photos from Abandoned but not Forgotten of the headquarters of SUN Microsystems. Here are three photos starting with a before from the 1980's: Many more at the site... Posted by DaveH at 6:59 AM | Comments (0) December 19, 2007 Upcoming movies for 2008 Looks like it will be a fun year to spend at the movies. From First Showing : Why 2008 Will Be An Awesome Year For Movies In August of last year we ran a controversial look at 43 reasons why 2007 would be a great year for movies. Now that 2007 has nearly come and gone and almost all of those 43 movies have been released, it's time to look ahead at 2008. The last 12 months have played a major part in building the hype for most of the movies mentioned and I can now say that 2008 looks way more appealing at this moment than 2007 did at the same time last year. This could be the year that we see revolutionary new changes in Hollywood, not only as the Writers Strike ends but as we encounter films like Cloverfield, Speed Racer, and The Dark Knight. Let's take look at 54 reasons why 2008 will be an awesome year for movies and an even better year than 2007. Some of them look really intriguing: Burn After Reading Release Date: Late 2008 Director: Joel Coen & Ethan Coen (O Brother, Where Art Thou?, The Ladykillers, No Country for Old Men) Starring: George Clooney, John Malkovich, Brad Pitt, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton Synopsis: A disk containing the memoirs of a CIA agent ends up in the hands of two unscrupulous gym employees who attempt to sell it. The Hype: After directing one of 2007's most critically acclaimed movies, No Country for Old Men, the Coen's are already back finishing up Burn After Reading, and it seems like it could be another brilliant film. Posted by DaveH at 9:39 PM | Comments (0) December 18, 2007 A curious case of adoption The odds are amazing. From Grand Rapids, MI comes this story of a son finding his birth-mother : Adopted son finds birth mom at his workplace For years, Steve Flaig, a delivery truck driver at the Lowe's store on Plainfield Avenue, had searched for his birth mother. He found her working the cash register at the front of the store. For several months, he and Christine Tallady had known each other casually as co-workers. Last Friday they met for the first time as mother and son. "I have a complete family now, all my kids," said Tallady, who has two younger children. "It's a perfect time of year. It's the best Christmas present ever." For Flaig, it was the reunion he had dreamed of for much of his 22 years. He had always known he was adopted, and his parents, Pat and Lois Flaig, who raised him since his birth, supported his decision to search for his birth mother. It was a tough decision for Tallady, unmarried at the time, to give him up when he was born on Oct. 5, 1985, but "I wasn't ready to be a mother," she said. She left the adoption record open, figuring he might want to contact her someday, and she often thought of him, particularly on his birthday. But life went on. She got married, had two more kids. Four years ago, when Flaig turned 18, he asked DA Blodgett for Children, the agency that arranged his adoption, for his background information. A couple of months later, it came, including his birth mother's name. He searched the Internet for her address and came up empty. In October, around the time of his 22nd birthday, he took out the paperwork from DA Blodgett and realized he had been spelling his mother's surname wrong as "Talladay." He typed "Tallady" into a search engine and came up with an address on West River Drive less than a mile from the Lowe's store. He mentioned it to his boss, and she said, "You mean Chris Tallady, who works here?" He was stunned. "I was like, there's no possible way," he said. "It's just such a bizarre situation." He had been working at Lowe's for two years. She was hired in April as head cashier. How they met (DA Blodgett is the adoption agency): Last Wednesday, on his day off, Flaig happened to be driving past the DA Blodgett offices. He decided to stop in and tell them of his find. An employee there volunteered to call Tallady for him. Tallady, 45, was surprised to get the call at Lowe's. How did the DA Blodgett people know where she worked? "The first thing that crossed my mind is something was wrong with him," she said. Was he sick? Did he need a blood transfusion? "And then she said, 'Christine, he works with you,'" Tallady recalled. "It was a shock. I started crying. I figured he would call me sometime, but not like this." She sobbed a lot that day, tears of joy. Flaig called her later that day, and last Friday the two, who until then had occasionally said "hi" as coworkers do, met at the Cheers Good Time Saloon near the store. They hugged, sat and talked for 2 1/2 hours. What a great story... From The One Ring : PETER JACKSON AND NEW LINE CINEMA JOIN WITH MGM TO PRODUCE �THE HOBBIT� Academy Award-winning filmmaker Peter Jackson; Harry Sloan, Chairman and CEO, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (MGM); Bob Shaye and Michael Lynne, Co-Chairmen and Co-CEOs of New Line Cinema have jointly announced today that they have entered into the following series of agreements: * MGM and New Line will co-finance and co-distribute two films, �The Hobbit� and a sequel to �The Hobbit.� New Line will distribute in North America and MGM will distribute internationally. * Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh will serve as Executive Producers of two films based on �The Hobbit.� New Line will manage the production of the films, which will be shot simultaneously. * Peter Jackson and New Line have settled all litigation relating to the �Lord of the Rings� (LOTR) Trilogy. Said Peter Jackson, �I�m very pleased that we�ve been able to put our differences behind us, so that we may begin a new chapter with our old friends at New Line. �The Lord of the Rings� is a legacy we proudly share with Bob and Michael, and together, we share that legacy with millions of loyal fans all over the world. We are delighted to continue our journey through Middle Earth. I also want to thank Harry Sloan and our new friends at MGM for helping us find the common ground necessary to continue that journey.� �Peter Jackson has proven himself as the filmmaker who can bring the extraordinary imagination of Tolkien to life and we full heartedly agree with the fans worldwide who know he should be making �The Hobbit,�� said Sloan, MGM�s Chairman and CEO. �Now that we are all in agreement on �The Hobbit,� we can focus on assembling the production team that will capture this phenomenal tale on film.� Very cool!!! Posted by DaveH at 9:16 PM | Comments (0) Happy 20th Birthday - the Perl programming language A very happy birthday indeed to this wonderful toolkit for quick and dirty programming. From Wired: Dec. 18, 1987: Perl Simplifies the Labyrinth That Is Programming Language 1987: The first version of the Perl programming language is released. Perl was the brainchild of Larry Wall, a programmer at Unisys, who borrowed from existing languages, especially C, to create a general-purpose language intended originally to simplify text manipulation. Through constant upgrading Perl is now used for practically everything else as well, including all aspects of web development, system administration and networking. Perl went through a rapid series of upgrades -- less than seven years elapsed between versions 1.0 and 5.0 -- before the language was fully mature. Even at that, Perl 5 has been continuously tinkered with since 1994, with many additional features keeping Perl at the forefront of programming languages. Wall designed Perl to reflect the realities of modern computer programming. As the cost of hardware was dropping and computers became a central feature of everyday life, the cost of programmers soared. Perl's relative simplicity and flexibility helps wring the maximum amount of efficiency out of these highly skilled -- and highly paid -- individuals. Although the name Perl is sometimes said to stand for "Practical Extraction and Report Language," its actual origin is not so colorless: Wall originally intended to call his language Pearl, a reference to the Parable of the Pearl from the Gospel of Matthew. But a programming language called Pearl already existed, so Wall dropped the a to avoid confusion. The Wired article is based on this Wikipedia entry . My personal programming language is solder and copper wire -- I am not a software person but I have to say, Perl is really useful when I need something quick and dirty. A very good and well thought out language... Bidding is at $185 now otherwise I'd go for it... From eBay : Drive Someone Insane with Postcards When you care enough to send the very bewildering. Description You are bidding on a rare chance to traumatize a treasured friend or relative with baffling, mind-numbing, mystery correspondence from abroad. Here is the arrangement: I will be spending the Christmas holiday in Poland in a tiny village that has one church with no bell because angry Germans stole it. Aside from vodka, there is not a lot for me to do. During the course of my holiday I will send three postcards to one person of your choosing. These postcards will be rant-ravingly insane, yet they will be peppered with unmistakable personal details about the addressee. Details you will provide me. The postcards will not be coherently signed, leaving your mark confused, guessing wildly, crying out in anguish. "How do I know this person? And how does he know I had a ferret named Goliath?" Heh - awesome idea! Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) December 17, 2007 Minimal posting tonight Was in town all day today running errands. Working on some web stuff tonight. Posting (if at all) will be thin on the ground tonight... Posted by DaveH at 10:23 PM | Comments (0) December 16, 2007 A billion is a difficult number to comprehend: A billion seconds ago it was 1959. A billion minutes ago Jesus was alive. A billion hours ago our ancestors were living in the Stone Age. A billion days ago no-one walked on two feet on earth. A billion dollars ago was only 8 hours and 20 minutes, at the rate our government spends it. The guy does have a point here... (and the numbers are from September, 2007) Posted by DaveH at 11:04 PM | Comments (0) Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown Worked for King Henry the Fourth , works today. Thanks to ΛΕΟΝΙΔΑΣ posing on Francis W. Porretto's Eternity Road , we find that Chavez had a very good reason for not trying to game the election. His head. On a platter. By the Military. Venezuela Redux A confirmation of previous reports of the events of the Venezuelan referendum on Hugo Ch�vez' proposed constitutional changes was published today in the Spanish newspaper El Mundo. The article is in Spanish but a good synopsis is presented here as well as a complete translation here . It confirms that in fact Hugo intended to steal the election but was notified by Fidel Castro that the Venezuelan military was mobilizing for a coup d' �tat in such an eventuality. According to El Mundo, the G-2, Castro's intelligence service who handles Hugo Chavez's personal security, informed Cuban dictator Fidel Castro that several of Venezuela's army units were getting ready to act if Chavez refused to accept the results, as he was initially trying to do. The G-2 told Castro that there were troop movements in several key armed forces garrisons, including the 41 Armored Brigade in Maracay and the El Libertador air base. According to high Venezuelan government officials who spoke anonymously with El Mundo, Castro called Chavez after midnight, Venezuela time, to let him know what the G-2 knew and to let him know that if he didn't accept the results, the Venezuelan armed forces were going to get rid of him. Nice to know that Hugo has the brains to listen when Castro says no. I can only imagine the destabilization in Venezuela if there were a Military Coup. There is so much money there and none of it is getting down to the people... Posted by DaveH at 8:34 PM | Comments (0) Damn it - Geometry department Solve for 'X' Document your work (step by step). Drawing is not to scale. And no Trig, you must use Geometry, you cannot use any Trig functions! Got it from here: World's Hardest Easy Geometry Problem Using only elementary geometry, determine angle x. Provide a step-by-step proof. You may only use elementary geometry, such as the fact that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees and the basic congruent triangle rules (side-angle-side, etc.). You may not use more advanced trigonomery, such as the law of sines, the law of cosines, etc. There is a review of elementary geometry below. This is the hardest problem I have ever seen that is, in a sense, easy. It really can be done using only elementary geometry. This is not a trick question. Here is a very small hint . Here is a small hint . Piece of cake with trig but this puppy is going to be rolling around my brainpan for a day or two... Regarding the answer (from the same site): Sorry, but I'm not giving the answer nor the proof here. You will just have to work on it until you either solve it or are driven insane. Posted by DaveH at 8:08 PM | Comments (1) A product review - Windows XP upgrade A nice detailed review at Coding Sanity -- they upgrade a machine from Windows Vista to Windows XP: Review: Windows XP I have finally decided to take the plunge. Last night I upgraded my Vista desktop machine to Windows XP, and this afternoon I will be doing the same to my laptop. Look & Feel Windows XP has quite a cartoony look and feel compared to the slick look of Aero Glass; this is mostly offset by the lack of strange screen artifacts caused by malfunctioning graphics code. You know, almost like static on the screen. This was a once or twice monthly occurrence on my laptop, and happened on my desktop whenever I logged in, and also whenever I played a 3D game after leaving Vista running for a couple of hours. I also miss the "orphaned windows" I got on Vista, dialog boxes that would not go away, in a sense they became part of the desktop, since you could drag a selection from within them, despite the fact that the Glass would render the selection below them. Such crazy graphics bugs appear to be a thing of the past. Performance Well, here there appears to be no contest . Windows XP is both faster and far more responsive. I no longer have the obligatory 1-minute system lock that happens whenever I log onto Vista, instead I can run applications as soon as I can click their icons. Not only that, but the applications start snappily too, rather than all waiting in some "I'm still starting up the OS" queue for 30 seconds or so before all starting at once. In addition, I have noticed that when performing complex tasks such as viewing large images, or updating large spreadsheets, instead of the whole operating system locking down for several seconds, it now just locks down the application I am working on, allowing me to Alt-Tab to another application and work on that. I am thrilled that Microsoft decided to add preemptive multitasking to their operating system, and for this reason alone I would strongly urge you to upgrade to XP. With the amount of multi-core processors around today using a multitasking operating system like XP makes a world of difference. It would be funnier if it wasn't so true... I have Vista on one machine, the store office system which just runs Office and QuickBooks and a few editing tools. Still have issues with it from time to time. Posted by DaveH at 3:18 PM | Comments (0) December 15, 2007 RIP - Floyd Red Crow Westerman You would have seen him in Dancing with Wolves, on stage with Willie Nelson or as Albert Hosteen on various X-Files episodes. A very accomplished musician, acting for him was a sideline and a way to raise money for his work as an activist for environmental causes and for the rights of Native Americans and other indigenous people. His My Space page , IMDB and a nice Obituary at CBC/AP . Hat tip to Gary over at Muck and Mystery for a link that pointed to another link to this story at the LA Times : A focus on meeting, not setting, climate goals The U.N. summit is preoccupied with targets for reducing carbon output, with little discussion on how it will be done. Here's a recipe to head off the worst effects of global warming: 1. Start with 30 new nuclear power plants around the world. 2. Add 17,0000 wind turbines, 400 biomass power plants, two hydroelectric dams the size of China's Three Gorges Dam, and 42 coal or natural gas power plants equipped with still-experimental systems to sequester their carbon dioxide emissions underground. 3. Build everything in 2013. Repeat every year until 2030. It's an intentionally implausible plan presented this week by the International Energy Agency to make a point: For all the talk about emissions reductions, the actual work is way beyond what the world can achieve. As delegates from 190 countries gather here on the Indonesian island of Bali to negotiate a "road map" for the successor to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on global warming, some experts are wondering whether the meeting has lost touch with the reality of tackling climate change. In Texas, the participants would be referred to as "All Hat and No Cattle" -- setting goals, creating committees to study issues, setting limits to growth. It is all a lot of fun -- playing with OPM (other people's money) -- the participants are in paradise for a few more days and then they fly back to their huge homes on their private airplanes. If you have not read Bjorn Lomborg's book Cool It , you should do yourself the favor. He really dissects the science of AGW and shows that a lot more benefits could be done by spending the money elsewhere. Posted by DaveH at 8:08 PM December 14, 2007 Memo to self - when dying my hair the plastic gloves the kit provides are there for a reason... From The Meat Scale comes this story of Britney Spears, some and a really stupid hair experience... Britney Spears: Dyes her hair and her hands Britney Spears is really out to impress that judge, y�all. She�s even dyed her hair and hands for the occasion. Dumbass. Those home kits come with gloves. I bet she thought they were finger puppets she could use to amuse herself while she waited for the colour to set in. The dye stains around her hairline is a nice touch. That judge can�t failed to be impressed by her efforts. Give the kids back now! It is sad to see popular stars self-destruct through their own bad management but still -- what was she thinking... Posted by DaveH at 11:05 PM Happy 116th birthday Basketball On or about this date, in 1891 -- from Wikipedia : In early December 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education student and instructor at YMCA Training School (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored, this proved inefficient, however, so a hole was drilled into the bottom of the basket, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through, paving the way for the game we know today. A soccer ball was used to shoot goals. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, they would give their team a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game. Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a Canadian children's game called " Duck on a Rock ", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game 'Basket Ball'. The first official basketball game was played in the YMCA gymnasium on January 20, 1892 with nine players, on a court just half the size of a present-day Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court. "Basket ball", the name suggested by one of Naismith's students, was popular from the beginning. Women's basketball began in 1892 at Smith College when Senda Berenson, a physical education teacher, modified Naismith's rules for women. The story of his daughter's 2006 document discovery is here: Newly found documents shed light on basketball's birth Another cool story... "My mother told me for years that there was nothing of real value there," said Carpenter, 74. More (quite a bit) at that article. I'm not a commercial athletics fan but I always enjoyed playing basketball as a kid. Posted by DaveH at 10:34 PM | Comments (0) Arrrrggghhhh!!! Shipwreck ahoy And not just any ship -- how about Captain Kidd's Quedagh Merchant? In ten feet of water? 70 feet off the coast of a Caribbean Island? And no sign of looting or disturbance? From Indiana University : Indiana University discovers 1699 Captain Kidd Shipwreck Resting in less than 10 feet of Caribbean seawater, the wreckage of Quedagh Merchant, the ship abandoned by the scandalous 17th century pirate Captain William Kidd as he raced to New York in an ill-fated attempt to clear his name, has escaped discovery -- until now. An underwater archaeology team from Indiana University announced today (Dec. 13) the discovery of the remnants. IU marine protection authority Charles Beeker said his team has been licensed to study the wreckage and to convert the site into an underwater preserve, where it will be accessible to the public. Beeker, director of Academic Diving and Underwater Science Programs in IU Bloomington's School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, said it is remarkable that the wreck has remained undiscovered all these years given its location, just 70 feet off the coast of Catalina Island in the Dominican Republic, and because it has been sought actively by treasure hunters. "I've been on literally thousands of shipwrecks in my career," Beeker said. "This is one of the first sites I've been on where I haven't seen any looting. We've got a shipwreck in crystal clear, pristine water that's amazingly untouched. We want to keep it that way, so we made the announcement now to ensure the site's protection from looters." Very cool! The same team is also actively looking for a few other ships. Check it out: IU archaeologists hot on the trail of Columbus' sunken ships Hey Bob -- ya' got some people breathing down your neck... One possible reason -- from Live Science : Magma May Be Melting Greenland Ice Global warming may not be the only thing melting Greenland. Scientists have found at least one natural magma hotspot under the Arctic island that could be pitching in. In recent years, Greenland�s ice has been melting more and flowing faster into the sea -� a record amount of ice melted from the frozen mass this summer, according to recently released data -� and Earth�s rising temperatures are suspected to be the main culprit. But clues to a new natural contribution to the melt arose when scientists discovered a thin spot in the Earth�s crust under the northeast corner of the Greenland Ice Sheet where heat from Earth�s insides could seep through, scientists will report here this week at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union. �The behavior of the great ice sheets is an important barometer of global climate change,� said lead scientist Ralph von Frese of Ohio State University. �However, to effectively separate and quantify human impacts on climate change, we must understand the natural impacts too.� The corner of Greenland where the hotspot was found had no known ice streams, the rivers of ice that run through the main ice sheet and out to sea, until one was discovered in 1991. What exactly caused the stream to form was uncertain. �Ice streams have to have some reason for being there,� von Frese said, �and it�s pretty surprising to suddenly see one in the middle of the ice sheet.� The newly discovered hotspot, an area where Earth�s crust is thinner, allowing hot magma from Earth's mantle to come closer to the surface, is just below the ice sheet and could have caused it to form, von Frese and his team suggest. �Where the crust is thicker, things are cooler, and where it�s thinner, things are warmer,� von Frese explained. �And under a big place like Greenland or Antarctica, natural variations in the crust will makes some parts of the ice sheet warmer than others.� Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM | Comments (0) Improving productivity - two tales These two links caught my eye as I agree with them a lot. I find that increasing the hours that you work on something (crunch time) also increases your error rate and it would be much better to quit work and come in the next morning with the benefit of a good nights rest and a decent breakfast. I used to work for MSFT doing hardware and lab management and I would see programming teams doing crunch time and always cringed knowing that their bug rate would just go up and up and up. Not the way to deliver a quality product people (as the recent Vista release goes to show)... #1 -- from the International Game Developers Association : Why Crunch Mode Doesn't Work: 6 Lessons There's a bottom-line reason most industries gave up crunch mode over 75 years ago: It's the single most expensive way there is to get the work done. One excerpt: The History In 1908 -� almost a century ago � industrial efficiency pioneer Ernst Abbe published in Gessamelte Abhandlungen his conclusions that a reduction in daily work hours from nine to eight resulted in an increase in total daily output. (Nor was he the first to notice this. William Mather had adopted an eight-hour day at the Salford Iron Works in 1893.) In 1909, Sidney J. Chapman published Hours of Labour, in which he described long-term variation in worker productivity as a function of hours worked per day. His conclusions will be discussed in some detail below. When Henry Ford famously adopted a 40-hour workweek in 1926, he was bitterly criticized by members of the National Association of Manufacturers. But his experiments, which he'd been conducting for at least 12 years, showed him clearly that cutting the workday from ten hours to eight hours � and the workweek from six days to five days � increased total worker output and reduced production cost. Ford spoke glowingly of the social benefits of a shorter workweek, couched firmly in terms of how increased time for consumption was good for everyone . But the core of his argument was that reduced shift length meant more output. I have found many studies, conducted by businesses, universities, industry associations and the military, that support the basic notion that, for most people, eight hours a day, five days per week, is the best sustainable long-term balance point between output and exhaustion. Throughout the 30s, 40s, and 50s, these studies were apparently conducted by the hundreds; and by the 1960s, the benefits of the 40-hour week were accepted almost beyond question in corporate America. In 1962, the Chamber of Commerce even published a pamphlet extolling the productivity gains of reduced hours. But, somehow, Silicon Valley didn't get the memo. And #2 -- from Yahoo News/AP : All-nighters may not improve grades Students who rely on all-nighters to bring up their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: A new survey says those who never study all night have slightly higher GPAs than those who do. A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University, a small liberal arts college in northern New York, found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter have average GPAs of 3.2, compared to 2.95 for those who have. The study, by assistant professor of psychology Pamela Thacher, is to be included in the January issue of Behavioral Sleep Medicine. "It's not a big difference, but it's pretty striking," Thacher said. "I am primarily a sleep researcher and I know nobody thinks clearly at 4 in the morning. You think you do, but you can't." A second study by Thacher, a clinical psychologist, had "extremely similar" results showing lower grades among the sleep skippers. Many college students, of course, have inadequate or irregular sleep, for reasons ranging from excessive caffeine to poor time management. Prav Chatani, a St. Lawrence sophomore who wasn't involved in either study, said the findings made sense. The neuroscience major has been pulling fewer all-nighters, but recently stayed up all night to prepare for an organic chemistry test and a neuroscience presentation, he said. He had difficulty remembering some of the material he studied around 4 or 5 in the morning. No shit sherlock -- not only do you study poorly, you then have to present your material the next day having spent a stressful night without sleep... A few solid hours of REM sleep does wonders for the brain's function. And the guy mentioned in the last article is a Neuroscience Major for cry'n out loud -- remind me not to go to his clinic when he sets up practice... Posted by DaveH at 8:33 PM | Comments (0) Methane Clathrates in the news Here is the Wikipedia entry for Methane Clathrate Fairly common offshore - we have some large deposits off our coast in the Pacific Northwest and there is a lot offshore Mexico. What isn't common is using these deposits as a source of energy. German newspaper Der Spiegel has some interesting news: China and India Exploit Icy Energy Reserves China and India have reported massive finds of frozen methane gas off their coasts, which they hope will satisfy their energy needs. But environmentalists fear that tapping these resources could have adverse effects on the world climate. On the surface, it looked like any other drill core from the ocean floor. Its shimmering grayish-green surface was both slippery and grainy at the same time. But the sample only revealed its exciting secret when the geologists on board the "Bavenit," a drilling ship, lowered the pressure in the steel tube and held a lit match to the upper end. Suddenly a yellowish-red flame began licking from the slick material. "As astonishing phenomenon," noted the scientists from the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey. So astonishing, in fact, that when their ship pulled into the harbor at Shenzen on June 12 of this year, the scientists were all smiles. Shengxiong Yang and Nengyou Wu, the two expedition leaders, stand an excellent chance of going down in the history of their country as heroes. The material they pulled from the muddy ocean floor of the South China Sea has the potential to satisfy the energy needs of China and its fast-growing economy. The flames in the drill core were coming from methane hydrate, a material first discovered in the 1970s. Its unique characteristic is that it is a seemingly frozen and yet flammable material. In the West, this potential fuel from the ocean floor has for the most part been the stuff of fantasy. But it's a different story in Asia. The People's Republic of China is investing millions to study this massive source of energy. The same holds true for India, South Korea and Taiwan, all nations that are on a fast track to surpassing the West as economic powers. The article goes into a few of the proposed ways to extract the Methane and then veers off into la-la land by quoting some doom and gloom people who worry about Methane being such a bad greenhouse gas and how these clathrates should be used for CO2 sequestration. I would love to find a place to sequester all the AGW ninnies - their braying is getting on my nerves... Posted by DaveH at 7:00 PM | Comments (1) December 13, 2007 Great advertisement Perfect set design, plot and prestiege. Thanks to Dark Roasted Blend for the link: The Future is... disconcerting - [fun video] 1:19 of YouTube goodness: The Essay Posted by DaveH at 9:36 PM | Comments (0) Sated Just Jen and I at the house now -- we were thinking about going out to hear a local band but we are stuffed and feeling nappish. That plus it's below freezing outside, was raining earlier today so the roads are slick and the venue is about 15 miles away... The ham turned out beyond our expectations -- raising a pig in a pasture with grass feed makes a big difference in the quality and taste. Unlike any processed ham I have ever tasted. Everyone brought side dishes that were delicious and one person's Mom baked two blueberry pies that were to die for -- she didn't use so much sugar that it was cloying, the flavor profile was perfect. We got a great crew!!! Posted by DaveH at 9:29 PM | Comments (0) England's useful idiots - it's not just Gordon Brown Hat tip to Maggie's Farm for this bit of news. From The Sun : Miliband signs Britain away Foreign Secretary David Miliband signed the hated EU treaty - hours before Prime Minister Gordon Brown arrived in Lisbon. Due to the PM's delayed arrival, Mr Miliband was the only foreign minister to attend the televised ceremony alone, amid a stream of prime ministers and presidents from the other 26 EU states. And: The news will be a blow to the country's voters - The Sun's EU petition has received 28,000 votes saying no to the Treaty. The Barrister at Maggie's Farm had these choice words to say: "Never have so few decided so much for so many" Brits sign EU Constitution without obtaining the opinion of the citizens. Who owns a nation's sovereignty? Surely not the slimeball politician du jour. And remind me again - why would a nation willingly give up its sovereignty to unelected foreign officials? Is this a return to a post-modern monarchy? Says EU Referendum defiantly today: We are not your citizens! In my opinion, the EU wants subjects, not citizens. But who are they, anyway? Arrogant jerks in suits, who want power and babes. And the sad thing is that these idiots really think that they are doing good for their constituents. They do not realize just how pitifully deluded they are -- they think that because they wear a suit, that makes them morally obligated to tell their lessors what is good for them and to drag a once-great nation into the cesspit of socialism. Useful idiots indeed... Posted by DaveH at 1:59 PM | Comments (0) A breather The ham is in the oven, the stuffed delicata squash is ready to be baked, the fire is being lit and the Christmas tree is in the house ready to be put on the stand and trimmed. The ham is from our organic half-pig that has been living at Freezer-Camp in our garage for the last couple of months gradually making it into our bellies. next spring, we are getting a whole pig -- there is a huge difference in taste. People will be arriving at 5:00 - there is another couple hours work getting ready so things are actually going on schedule. Most of our workers are foodies so this should be one interesting potluck! Posted by DaveH at 1:41 PM | Comments (0) Light posting today We are having the first annual Christmas party for our store employees and are expecting about 20 people to be showing up at the house in about eight hours. Yikes! Should be a lot of fun though -- we have a very mellow crew and we love them all. Now back to the cleaning and cooking... From The Register : Shell in Hawaiian algae biofuel pilot Oil giant Shell announced yesterday that it will build a pilot plant in Hawaii to make biofuel out of algae grown in seawater ponds. "Algae have great potential as a sustainable feedstock for production of diesel-type fuels with a very small CO2 footprint," said Graeme Sweeney, Shell veep for Future Fuels. "This demonstration will be an important test of the technology and, critically, of commercial viability." The oil company, which is mounting the venture in cooperation with tech developer HR Biopetroleum, believes that swiftly-multiplying algae strains native to Hawaii can produce viable amounts of vegetable oil. It is thought that this can be profitably turned into fuel for diesel engines. And the money shot: The joint venture is to be called Cellana, and will also feature an academic research project drawing on expertise from universities around the world. Initial analysis by Shell and Biopetroleum suggests that saltwater algae can produce as much as 15 times the oil yield per hectare from landbased crops such as rape, jatropha or palm soya. Selected types of algae can double their mass several times daily, building up a thick layer of scummy gold on the sea surface. Emphasis mine -- obviously, there are a lot more hectares suitable for growing plants than there are placid lagoons but if this works out, it can probably be scaled up with existing fermentation and growing vessels such as are currently used by the chemical and pharma industries. And for Shell to be taking notice means a lot -- these companies didn't get to where they are by being stupid... Posted by DaveH at 8:35 AM | Comments (0) December 12, 2007 I will gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today. Running the grocery store , I notice that our cost on things are bumping up bit by bit -- ten cents here, fifty cents there. It seems that this is a global phenomon... From The Economist : Cheap no more Rising incomes in Asia and ethanol subsidies in America have put an end to a long era of falling food prices One of the odder features of last weekend's vote in Venezuela was that staple foods were in short supply. Something similar happened in Russia before its parliamentary election. Governments in both oil-rich countries had imposed controls on food prices, with the usual consequences. Such controls have been surprisingly widespread�a knee-jerk response to one of the most remarkable changes that food markets, indeed any markets, have seen for years: the end of cheap food. In early September the world price of wheat rose to over $400 a tonne, the highest ever recorded. In May it had been around $200. Though in real terms its price is far below the heights it scaled in 1974, it is still twice the average of the past 25 years. Earlier this year the price of maize (corn) exceeded $175 a tonne, again a world record. It has fallen from its peak, as has that of wheat, but at $150 a tonne is still 50% above the average for 2006. As the price of one crop shoots up, farmers plant it to take advantage, switching land from other uses. So a rise in wheat prices has knock-on effects on other crops. Rice prices have hit records this year, although their rise has been slower. The Economist's food-price index is now at its highest since it began in 1845, having risen by one-third in the past year. Normally, sky-high food prices reflect scarcity caused by crop failure. Stocks are run down as everyone lives off last year's stores. This year harvests have been poor in some places, notably Australia, where the drought-hit wheat crop failed for the second year running. And world cereals stocks as a proportion of production are the lowest ever recorded. The run-down has been accentuated by the decision of large countries (America and China) to reduce stocks to save money. Yet what is most remarkable about the present bout of �agflation� is that record prices are being achieved at a time not of scarcity but of abundance. According to the International Grains Council, a trade body based in London, this year's total cereals crop will be 1.66 billion tonnes, the largest on record and 89m tonnes more than last year's harvest, another bumper crop. That the biggest grain harvest the world has ever seen is not enough to forestall scarcity prices tells you that something fundamental is affecting the world's demand for cereals. The article then goes on to outline the two primary reasons. China and India are becoming prosperous and more people are buying meat instead of grains. It takes 2.6 pounds of corn to produce one pound standing weight of beef. This includes all the offal, bones so once the beef is butchered, it's more like four to one. The article said that the Chinese used to eat 20KG/year and they now eat more than 50KG/year. The second reason is obviously the government's idiotic subsidies of Ethanol as a fuel. The sooner that they get out of that business, the better. A good and well-written article... From Gannett Wisconsin Newspapers/AP : Green Bay council president provokes atheists with nativity scene The Green Bay City Council president paid for a nativity scene to be put up at City Hall after learning of an anti-religion group's protest of one in Peshtigo. Council president Chad Fradette told a city committee he believed the U.S. Constitution upholds citizens' right to display symbols of their religious beliefs on publicly owned property as long as they are not paid for with tax money and other faiths aren't excluded. The committee approved the nativity scene 4-1 Tuesday night. "So now the Freedom From Religion Foundation can pick on somebody a little larger than Peshtigo," Fradette told the committee. And a bit more: Fradette had wanted to extend an invitation to all religions to put up displays, but committee members agreed a policy was needed to prevent people from testing the boundaries of taste. Fradette asked Schmitt for permission to put up his display while the council worked out those details. Finally: Peshtigo Mayor Thomas Strouf offered to pay the lighting bill for his city's display after the foundation objected to it. The local Chamber of Commerce owns and erected up the display, he said, although it is in a public park. What's not to love -- having a bit of fun, exercising your freedom of speech and pissing off a bunch of nanny control-freaks. Posted by DaveH at 9:24 PM | Comments (0) Spent the day in town and then decided to see if there was anything new on the Gordon Brown negotiate/not negotiate story. All of the links to MSM reports of the negotiate story are now dead although present in Google's listings. Must have been some fast and furious emails and telephone calls from Brown's office. Found this at the BBC : Afghan battle being won - Brown Prime Minister Gordon Brown has told MPs that forces are "winning the battle against the insurgency" in Afghanistan. He said Britain and its coalition partners were "isolating and eliminating the leadership of the Taleban, not negotiating with them". But he backed Afghan leaders' moves towards "political reconciliation" with ex-insurgents who renounce violence. There is a long-standing tradition among Islamists to renounce violence. It's called Hudna From Omdurman : Truces, Arab Style "What is being touted as a 'cease-fire' is something called a 'hudna.' A hudna [also known as a hudibiyya or khudaibiya] is a tactical cease-fire that allows the Arabs to rebuild their terrorist infrastructure in order to be more effective when the "cease-fire" is called off." And from Jihad Watch : Dar al-Islam and dar al-harb: the House of Islam and the House of War The violent injunctions of the Quran and the violent precedents set by Muhammad set the tone for the Islamic view of politics and of world history. Islamic scholarship divides the world into two spheres of influence, the House of Islam (dar al-Islam) and the House of War (dar al-harb). Islam means submission, and so the House of Islam includes those nations that have submitted to Islamic rule, which is to say those nations ruled by Sharia law. The rest of the world, which has not accepted Sharia law and so is not in a state of submission, exists in a state of rebellion or war with the will of Allah. It is incumbent on dar al-Islam to make war upon dar al-harb until such time that all nations submit to the will of Allah and accept Sharia law. Islam's message to the non-Muslim world is the same now as it was in the time of Muhammad and throughout history: submit or be conquered. The only times since Muhammad when dar al-Islam was not actively at war with dar al-harb were when the Muslim world was too weak or divided to make war effectively. But the lulls in the ongoing war that the House of Islam has declared against the House of War do not indicate a forsaking of jihad as a principle but reflect a change in strategic factors. It is acceptable for Muslim nations to declare hudna, or truce, at times when the infidel nations are too powerful for open warfare to make sense. Jihad is not a collective suicide pact even while "killing and being killed" (Sura 9:111) is encouraged on an individual level. For the past few hundred years, the Muslim world has been too politically fragmented and technologically inferior to pose a major threat to the West. But that is changing. The above is part of an excellent paper titled: Islam 101 It goes into a lot of things that you simply do not hear about on the media or from people promoting Islam as the religion of pigs peace... I'll leave you with a photo of Gordon Brown's most-notorious predecessor - the guy on the left. The guy on the right needs no introduction. Posted by DaveH at 8:45 PM | Comments (0) A story from Og, the Neanderpundit WARNING: Serious drink alert! Check it out: Oh Mandy! Posted by DaveH at 11:08 AM | Comments (0) Well that didn't take long Was following up trying to get some more info on the previous Gordon Brown post and ran into this article at ITN News : Brown sets out plans for Afghanistan Gordon Brown has set out his strategy for redeveloping Afghanistan, saying the UK will "not enter into any negotiations" with insurgents. Addressing the Commons just days after visiting the country for the first time as Prime Minister, he told MPs the coalition is "winning the battle against the insurgency. Mr Brown said the leadership of the Taliban is being isolated and eliminated but negotiations are not being entered with them. As part of the redevelopment plan, he said Britain will make available �450 million in assistance between 2009 and 2012. He also outlined what Britain can do to build on military victories such as Tuesday's end to the hard-fought battle to retake the Taliban stronghold of Musa Qala. Mr Brown said British forces will get 150 new protected patrol vehicles as well as extra Sea King helicopters and new contracts for commercial helicopters to move freight. He also urged Afghan President Hamid Karzai to press ahead with "targeted eradication" policies against the poppy crop in Helmand. The plan, which follows an internal review of Afghanistan policy which began in the summer, has been described as a "shift in emphasis" rather than a completely new approach. British forces had pulled out last year after striking a peace agreement which gave responsibility for security to the Afghan elders. However, weeks later it was overrun by the Taliban and become a major hub of the heroin trade which has helped finance the uprising. Following talks with Mr Karzai in the capital Kabul on Monday, Mr Brown emphasised the importance of the reconstruction effort alongside continuing military operations. Emphasis mine -- that is exactly what will happen every time if you do not foster nation-building and strength from within; you leave and the power-hungry thugs brutally step in and take over. It will be interesting to see if there was actually an announcement and then smarter people moved in with damage control or if this was a Fake but Accurate news item made up by someone who was wishful thinking... The Evening Standard link in the last post is dead now so someone pulled the plug very quickly. Words fail... From The Evening Standard : Brown says he will negotiate with Taliban to end war in Afghanistan Gordon Brown will announce today that he intends to talk to the Taliban in a bid to end the war in Afghanistan. In a major shift in UK foreign policy the Prime Minister is expected to tell the Commons today that negotiation is the only way to bring peace to the war torn country. This year has been the deadliest in Afghanistan since the U.S. led invasion of 2001. Since January more than 6,200 people have been killed including 40 British soldiers. In all, 86 British soldiers have died during the campaign which was launched to crush Al Qaeda and the Taliban following the September 11 outrage in America. The change of tack will be seen as the latest attempt by the prime minister to distance himself from the foreign policy of Tony Blair and his ally George Bush. In a landmark statement in the Commons he will say that the Cabinet has agreed a three pronged strategy for Afghanistan which will security guaranteed by NATO and the Afghan national army followed by economic and political development in the country. The third prong of the plan is likely to be most controversial - to engage Taliban leaders in constructive dialogue. A senior source said last night: "We need to ask who are we fighting? Do we need to fight them - can we be talking to them?" This idiot will go down in history as a worse scumbag than Neville Chamberlain Right now, the Taliban is on the ropes. We need to push a bit more to defeat them but defeat is well within our grasp. You cannot just hand the keys over to the Afghan national army as they will become infiltrated in short order. The change of power has to come from within as General David Petraeus so wisely realized -- it is a slow process, winning the hearts and minds of a nation but it is working and conditions in Iraq have improved significantly. Brown wants to take Afghanistan back into the stone ages. He is a leader who simply does not "get" his enemy. Posted by DaveH at 9:20 AM | Comments (0) December 10, 2007 A good time to get into the Generator business From Slashdot : FCC Requires Backup Power For 210K Cell Towers 1sockchuck alerts us to an article in Data Center Knowledge that explores ramifications from the FCC's decision a couple of months back to require backup power for cell sites and other parts of the telecom infrastructure. The new rule was prompted by wireless outages during Hurricane Katrina. There are more than 210,000 cell towers in the US, as well as 20,000 telecom central offices that will also need generators or batteries. Municipalities are bracing for disputes as carriers try to add generators or batteries to cell sites on rooftops or water towers. The rules will further boost demand in the market for generators, where there are already lengthy delivery backlogs for some models. This is great for emergency responders but it will make things interesting for the small sites located on water towers, buildings, flag poles, etc... For the casual user, as one slashdot commenter said: Millions of people will be able to call each other to ask "is your power out too?" Posted by DaveH at 10:18 PM | Comments (0) Portable Storage - 1956 edition Was digging through Snopes this evening and ran into this fun story -- IBM's first commercial hard disk unit : Photograph shows a 1956 computer disk memory storage unit. From the article: It started with a product announcement in May of 1955. IBM Corp. was introducing a product that offered unprecedented random-access storage 5 million characters (not bytes, they were 7-bit, not 8-bit characters). This first disk drive heralded startling leaps in mass-storage technology and the end of sequential storage on punched cards and paper or Mylar tape, though magnetic tape would continue for archival or backup storage. The disk drive was big, not quite ready for today's laptop. With its vacuum-tube control electronics, the RAMAC (for "random-access method of accounting and control") occupied the space of two refrigerators and weighed a ton. It stored those 5 million characters on 50 hefty aluminum disks coated on both sides with a magnetic iron oxide, a variation of the paint primer used for the Golden Gate Bridge. What is pictured above is the IBM 350 disk storage unit utilized by the IBM 305 RAMAC. The 350 Disk Storage Unit consisted of the magnetic disk memory unit with its access mechanism, the electronic and pneumatic controls for the access mechanism, and a small air compressor. Assembled with covers, the 350 was 60 inches long, 68 inches high and 29 inches deep. It was configured with 50 magnetic disks containing 50,000 sectors, each of which held 100 alphanumeric characters, for a capacity of 5 million characters. Disks rotated at 1,200 rpm, tracks (20 to the inch) were recorded at up to 100 bits per inch, and typical head-to-disk spacing was 800 microinches. The execution of a "seek" instruction positioned a read-write head to the track that contained the desired sector and selected the sector for a later read or write operation. Seek time averaged about 600 milliseconds. With storage capacities of 5 million and 10 million digits, and the capability to be installed either singly or in pairs, the 350 provided the 305 system with storage capacities of 5, 10, 15 or 20 million characters. The unit leased for $3,200/month in 1957. According to this Inflation Calculator that would be $23,793.42. How times have changed. Now hard disk space is about $0.25 per Gigabyte. Posted by DaveH at 12:50 PM | Comments (0) December 9, 2007 Staying warm I'm casting about on the web looking for possible replacements for the shop furnace and was curious about the differences between the various fuels. This site seems to sum it up quite well: Stay Warm -- New Hampshire Here, pellets are about $170/ton, seasoned wood is in the nosebleed $280/cord range ($180 last year) when you can get it and propane is through the roof. Of course, the amortization is over several years and since pellets are sooo cheap, that price will probably "adjust" in the next year or so... BOHICA - it has a nice Caribbean ring to it but it is actually an acronym and it stands for Bend Over, Here It Comes Again. Still casting about. An interesting little observation from dispatches from TJICistan : reading between the lines http://www.boston.com/news/local/massach� Maybe he thought it was funny to point a hand-held laser beam at a helicopter. But the three police forces and the U.S. Coast Guard were not laughing Saturday night as they chased down a Medford-area man who faces the possibility of federal charges� State police pilots were on a routine security mission, guarding a liquid natural gas tanker, as it was near shore at about 9:15 p.m. Saturday night, Bousquet said. They noticed a laser light touching their helicopter. Using sophisticated equipment on their helicopter, including cameras, they pinpointed the origin of the light as somewhere in the Medford-Somerville area, Bousquet said. The search was on � involving authorities from the U.S. Coast Guard, the state police, the Medford Police Department and the Somerville Police Department. About 90 minutes later, police found an adult male. Bousquet would not say exactly how police found him� I find it quite interesting that (a) state police helicopters have the capability to track down the origin of a laser flash with resolution tight enough to arrest a guy (b) they won�t say what this technology is I find even more interesting the unstated tidbit that there is, apparently, some credible threat that led authorities to install systems on helicopters to track down laser flashes. Maybe I�m reading too much into this. �but maybe I�, not. Fascinating. Most curious... I know that here, we had an incident in 2005 where some Boarder Patrol officers saw an object of interest, at night, at about 14 miles range from a land-based surveillance camera. The news item is only available to subscribers to the Bellingham Herald A tiny dot on a Border Patrol surveillance camera turned out to be a kayak with more than 100 pounds of marijuana on board headed into the United States on Monday night. About 11 p.m., a U.S. Border Patrol communications operator in the Blaine sector noticed the "faint but unusual object" moving south in Boundary Bay from White Rock, B.C., toward Semiahmoo Spit, west of Blaine, said a news release from Deputy Chief Joseph Giuliano. Agents met the kayaker as he landed. We live a few miles from the Canadian border and have these cameras scattered around. I would love to take one of them for a test drive someday... Posted by DaveH at 10:02 PM | Comments (0) The new face of childhood education Say buh-bye to Field Trips... Damn, I really looked forward to these when I was in grade school. Every other month, we would be bundled into busses and taken out to various engineering and chemical research centers (I grew up in Pittsburgh and Westinghouse, GE and several of the steel-makers had major facilities close by) or museums and historical places like the Old Economy Shaker Village. It was recreational for sure to be out of the classroom but it also broadened my experiences and made me realize that my 'culture' was only part of the big picture. For the engineering labs, it provided a good taste of what an Engineer or a Chemist did for a living and was helpful when it came to choosing my own career. From Courant : Field Trips Fading Fast In An Age Of Testing Mark Proffitt still remembers the thrill of being sprung from school for class outings to Old Sturbridge Village or the state Capitol. "You couldn't wait to go on field trips," recalled Proffitt, now an elementary school principal in Middletown. For today's students, such experiences are increasingly elusive. Tight budgets and rising gas prices, concerns about safety and the sheer hassle of taking kids out into the world are leading some schools to reduce or eliminate field trips. And now there's a powerful new force keeping students in their seats during the school day: the drive to boost performance on standardized tests. That has led principals to jettison "extras" such as field trips in their quest to wring every minute of instructional time from an already crammed school day. In other words, an afternoon spent gazing at masterpieces in an art museum is getting harder to justify. "We have a limited amount of time for instruction," said Karen List, an assistant superintendent in West Hartford. "Given all the demands that are placed upon us these days, we want to make sure every single moment is a valuable moment." The pressure to improve student performance is especially intense in urban school systems struggling beneath the weight of the federal No Child Left Behind Act. James Thompson, the assistant superintendent in Hartford, said his district is reviewing its field trip policy to make sure every excursion connects to a classroom lesson. A shame really -- the education system in the US has gotten so dumbed down. Posted by DaveH at 8:24 PM | Comments (0) Further turmoil and sanity in the Episcopal Church I make no secret of: #1) - having grown up in the Episcopal Church and #2) - deploring the current state of it from the top down (read here , here , here and here ) Fortunately, other people are seeing the light - several dioceses has seceded from the Church of England and allied themselves with more rigorous churches around the world. A biggie just happened in California - from AOL/AP : Episcopal Diocese Secedes From Church The conservative Diocese of San Joaquin voted Saturday to split from the liberal-leaning Episcopal Church, becoming the first full diocese to secede from the denomination in the debate over the Bible and homosexuality. Clergy and lay members of the Episcopal Diocese of San Joaquin voted 173-22 at their annual convention to remove all references to the national church from the diocese's constitution, said the Rev. Van McCalister, a diocesan spokesman. The diocese, based in Fresno, plans to align with the like-minded Anglican Province of the Southern Cone, based in South America. The decision is almost certain to spark a court fight over control of the diocese's multimillion-dollar real estate holdings and other assets. The Episcopal Church is the U.S. member of the global Anglican Communion, a 77 million-member fellowship that traces its roots to the Church of England. Anglicans have been moving toward a worldwide schism since 2003, when the Episcopal Church consecrated the first openly gay bishop, V. Gene Robinson of New Hampshire. San Joaquin is also one of the three Episcopal dioceses that will not ordain women. The Episcopal rift over theology began decades ago and is now focused on whether the Bible condemns gay relationships. "We have leadership in the Episcopal Church that has drastically and radically changed directions," McCalister said. "They have pulled the rug out from under us. They've started teaching something very different, something very new and novel, and it's impossible for us to follow a leadership that has so drastically reinvented itself." It's not just gays, that is only the barest tip of the iceberg. As I said in an earlier post: My Dad gravitated from the Episcopal church to the United Churches in Christ. I do not agree with them but I support his decision to do so. I consider groups like the UCC to lack a sense of moral definition. The idea that everyone can be accepted is a mental dishonesty and a spiritual weakness. There is evil out there and to try to �accept it� and hope that it will turn out good is at best, ineffective and at worst, only serves to encourage that very evil that you are trying to turn good. It is nothing more than mental masturbation. It will be interesting to attend a service the next time we visit Jen's parents in Fresno -- that 173-22 vote is definitely sending a clear message... Big tip 'o the hat to Maggie's Farm for the link... Posted by DaveH at 2:41 PM | Comments (0) A few years ago - waterboarding No wonder Congress' approval ratings are in the toilet these days. From The Washington Post : Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002 In Meetings, Spy Panels' Chiefs Did Not Protest, Officials Say In September 2002, four members of Congress met in secret for a first look at a unique CIA program designed to wring vital information from reticent terrorism suspects in U.S. custody. For more than an hour, the bipartisan group, which included current House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), was given a virtual tour of the CIA's overseas detention sites and the harsh techniques interrogators had devised to try to make their prisoners talk. Among the techniques described, said two officials present, was waterboarding, a practice that years later would be condemned as torture by Democrats and some Republicans on Capitol Hill. But on that day, no objections were raised. Instead, at least two lawmakers in the room asked the CIA to push harder, two U.S. officials said. The word you are searching for is: Hypocrite Posted by DaveH at 2:32 PM December 8, 2007 Blogger Rachel Lucas shares the experiences of a shopping trip to Target... Going to Target is like visiting the chimp habitat at the zoo. I need to start taking my camera every time I go there, to photographically prove to you my justification for wanting to break necks and throw karate chops all over the place. Last Saturday, I made the FATAL MISTAKE of shopping there at about 1 in the afternoon, when the monkey/white trash population is at its peak. I started wanting to cut people before I even got in the front door because was I able to enter the front door freely? NO I WAS NOT. Because the front door - a double-wide automatic-opening front door - was blocked by a young couple together achieving a triumphant 700 pounds and their three crackhead children, who had stopped en masse to discuss who was going to which area of the store first. Mom wanted to hit the clothes section, you see, but would she be able to find Taylor later in the toy section if Dad was over in the auto section with Ashley and Mikey? There were literally 10 people who had approached the door and would have liked very fucking much to enter, but these clowns apparently exist in one of the alternate universes where actual human beings are invisible. Most of us stood gaping at the sheer audacity of the asshole family, and sort of wedging past them, but finally a young guy came charging through saying �What�s the holdup, people? Let�s MOVE!� It was kind of hot, to be honest with you. Once inside the store, I chanted to myself do not kill do not kill do not kill and tried to ignore all the people who need killin�. Did okay until I got to the house-cleaning supplies aisle, in which I encountered a middle-aged couple with TWO carts, which of course were side-by-side and of course blocking all ingress and egress. The woman was asking the man if they should use bleach on that and the man was muttering something about how the hell should he know? Spot on! Retail therapy should involve baseball bats, ordnance and live ammo (by licensed owners) and custard pies. Her commenters are wonderful -- here is one from BasilRiverdale: As a complete misanthrope and confirmed elitist snob, I only shop in places where the clientele dresses in coat and tie. Ditto for the rare times I go to a bar. I just refuse to mingle anymore with the unwashed. Grocery shopping by necessity is an exception to the rule. Once a week I put on full camo, combat boots, and pack an empty shoulder holster under my jacket (been meaning to get that CC for awhile). Then I wrap a utility belt with ammo pouches and a six battery flashlight around my waist (next best thing to a billie club), and top it off with a black SWAT TEAM hat. Given that Santa Fe is 50% liberal weenies, and 50% illegal aliens, I find the costume generally clears the way before I have to announce myself. And it makes shopping much more fun. Same costume is equally good for sushi bars, the plant nursery, and Borders Books. I would love to have thought of that when I was living in Seattle. Here especially: University Village Talk about a target-rich environment... Posted by DaveH at 10:32 PM Not the answer they were looking for - ranching version Don Lancaster has been around for a long long time. He wrote homebrew articles for Radio Electronics including the seminal TV Typewriter which allowed you to build a video terminal for a fraction of what a commercial one cost. This alone helped fuel the explosive growth of the personal computers. Today, he resides in Thatcher, AZ and maintains his website: Tinaja.com Thatcher is in the middle of some prime ranching country. Here is what Don had to say : I attended a recent seminar on overgrazing. When they asked the audience what the indicator species for overgrazing were, they got rather upset with my answer of "cows". If you are at all interested in alternative energy, his Energy Fundamentals paper (PDF) is an absolute must-read. Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM | Comments (0) Guerrillas in the midst Off the scale high geekdom. Check out the Untergunthers Here is an article in the UK Guardian : Undercover restorers fix Paris landmark's clock 'Cultural guerrillas' cleared of lawbreaking over secret workshop in Pantheon It is one of Paris's most celebrated monuments, a neoclassical masterpiece that has cast its shadow across the city for more than two centuries. But it is unlikely that the Panth�on, or any other building in France's capital, will have played host to a more bizarre sequence of events than those revealed in a court last week. Four members of an underground "cultural guerrilla" movement known as the Untergunther, whose purpose is to restore France's cultural heritage, were cleared on Friday of breaking into the 18th-century monument in a plot worthy of Dan Brown or Umberto Eco. For a year from September 2005, under the nose of the Panth�on's unsuspecting security officials, a group of intrepid "illegal restorers" set up a secret workshop and lounge in a cavity under the building's famous dome. Under the supervision of group member Jean-Baptiste Viot, a professional clockmaker, they pieced apart and repaired the antique clock that had been left to rust in the building since the 1960s. Only when their clandestine revamp of the elaborate timepiece had been completed did they reveal themselves. "When we had finished the repairs, we had a big debate on whether we should let the Panth�on's officials know or not," said Lazar Klausmann, a spokesperson for the Untergunther. "We decided to tell them in the end so that they would know to wind the clock up so it would still work. "The Panth�on's administrator thought it was a hoax at first, but when we showed him the clock, and then took him up to our workshop, he had to take a deep breath and sit down." The Centre of National Monuments, embarrassed by the way the group entered the building so easily, did not take to the news kindly, taking legal action and replacing the administrator. Heh... A bit more about the group and other work they have done: Klausmann and his crew are connaisseurs of the Parisian underworld. Since the 1990s they have restored crypts, staged readings and plays in monuments at night, and organised rock concerts in quarries. The network was unknown to the authorities until 2004, when the police discovered an underground cinema, complete with bar and restaurant, under the Seine. They have tried to track them down ever since. But the UX, the name of Untergunther's parent organisation, is a finely tuned organisation. It has around 150 members and is divided into separate groups, which specialise in different activities ranging from getting into buildings after dark to setting up cultural events. Untergunther is the restoration cell of the network. Members know Paris intimately. Many of them were students in the Latin Quarter in the 80s and 90s, when it was popular to have secret parties in Paris's network of tunnels. They have now grown up and become nurses or lawyers, but still have a taste for the capital's underworld, and they now have more than just partying on their mind. "We would like to be able to replace the state in the areas it is incompetent," said Klausmann. "But our means are limited and we can only do a fraction of what needs to be done. There's so much to do in Paris that we won't manage in our lifetime." The Untergunther are already busy working on another restoration mission Paris. The location is top secret, of course. But the Panth�on clock remains one of its proudest feats. "The Latin Quarter is where the concept of human rights came from, it's the centre of everything. The Panth�on clock is in the middle of it. So it's a bit like the clock at the centre of the world." I know that I have done my fair share of ragging on the French but then they go and do something like this that is so totally... totally... French that it boggles the mind. What a wonderful group of people! A big tip of the hat to the Cabinet of Wonders for the link. The parent group mentioned is Les UX - here is a Wikipedia entry , no website that I could find... Posted by DaveH at 8:17 PM | Comments (0) 50 useful Windows tools Each of them are smaller than One Megabyte. Check out Marco Folio's : 50+ under 1MB free useful tools [Windows] Good stuff! Posted by DaveH at 12:27 PM | Comments (0) December 7, 2007 From the Minneapolis, MN Star Tribune : Too many zeros add up to big problems in Carver County Eric Mattson was not surprised that the small vacant lot he bought last year near the shores of Lake Waconia was increasing in value. What shocked him was the $189 million market value the Carver County assessor's office came up with for the 55- by 80-foot lot, making it the most valuable property in Waconia and possibly the county. "It was such an obvious mistake," said Mattson, 41, who was looking at a property tax bill of $2.5 million. "It was over the top. It was very funny." But the fun didn't stop there: But no one is laughing at the assessor's office, where the problem started. Neither is anyone at the Carver County Board, the city of Waconia or the Waconia School District. Those three entities -- which were counting on the $2.5 million in increased property tax collections -- now face the daunting task of raising taxes or cutting budgets to make up for the shortfall. And what the h&^% happened? Lundgren said the trouble began in August when a clerk went into Mattson's file to change the designation of the property, at 233 Lake St. E., from homestead to non-homestead to reflect its change in status after its sale. The clerk filled in the $18,900 proposed valuation, but then mistakenly hit the key to exit the program. The computer added four zeros to fill out the nine numerical spaces required by the software, thus indicating the value was $189,000,000. Increase by a factor of 10,000 I am very surprised that the three entities didn't suspect something when their property tax base jumped by $2.5 million. That sure would have caught my attention. Instead they just made plans to spend it all. Wonder how they will fare in the next election... Posted by DaveH at 10:48 PM | Comments (0) Minimal posting tonight It has been a hella long day for both Jen and me. I took my Dad out to lunch with two visitors from the University of Pittsburgh where he used to teach. They were in Seattle for a function and drove up this morning to visit. I then had a meeting with Sustainable Connections where they talked about a clever web-based tool to connect commercial food buyers (Chef's, Grocery Stores, etc...) with local farmers. Very well run meeting, fascinating ideas and recognized a lot of faces. Finally, I had been nominated to serve on the board of the local Chamber of Commerce -- they had their Annual General Meeting tonight and Jen and I showed up about 30 minutes late. They had already held the elections and I am now on the board! I'll never show up late for one of their meetings again! (grin) Jen's day was even more fun. I usually do the Friday buying run for the store but couldn't because of my Dad's thing. The two keystones for the Friday run is picking up the order from our Organic Distributor at an address in Bellingham (they don't drive out to where we are). We then run back out to the store so our staff can start pricing and stocking these goods. This order is dropped off in the early morning. We then need to meet with one of our Dairy guys at the same address at 3:00pm. Well, Jen gets there around 10:00am - no order. She then goes to some of our other vendors, swings back, no order. It's two and there isn't time to drop everything off at the store and come back to meet the Dairy guy so she hangs out, gets the Dairy and then proceeds to do the rest of the shopping. It is 4:30, I have gotten out of the Sustainable Connections meeting and give her a call on her cell phone to see what she wants for dinner. I figure that her day went normally and she is at the store. I frequently stop and get takeout for us to eat at home. I find that she is also in town and that the Organic Distributor has still not shown up, that she is on contact with them and they say that it's a new driver and he was lost... I swing by the drop-off point and get a call from Jen that the driver is a few blocks away but can't drop off because of the traffic. (it's a busy commercial district right right at prime dinner time). I find him, we pull into a nearby warehouse parking lot, I call Jen back and she rendezvous with us and we get things loaded. We swing back to the store, drop everything off and head out to the Chamber meeting. Like I say, long day and it's time for a glass or two of wine and off to bed... Posted by DaveH at 10:06 PM December 6, 2007 Cool idea BUT... A bit of a flap over the new Western Digital stand-alone network hard drives. Here is the Western Digital web page for the product : My Book� World Edition� II Add this unique remote-access storage system to your wired or wireless network and you�ll have a surprisingly simple and secure way to access and share data and photos at home, in the office, and anywhere in the world--even when your local computer is off. The included RAID software makes it easy for you to take advantage of RAID mirroring for extra data protection. It includes the following feature: WD Anywhere Access� - This storage system and all the files on it are always accessible when you need them, even when your local computer is turned off. Only one weeeee liddle problem here -- read this web page: Western Digital Service and Support : List of file types on a WD My Book World Edition that cannot be shared by WD Anywhere Access. Question WMV Windows Media Video What gives these fucking nannys the right to play traffic cop on a piece of equipment for which you have paid full price. Granted, this is just this one product from this company, the software has a history of poor reliability and you can simply buy a bare WD drive and a $40 NAS box and build your own but still; this is really galling. They are playing traffic cop when there is no way in Hell that they can see where your data came from. Someone getting one of these at Costco with the idea of using it as a media warehouse will be sorely disappointed. And a big tip of the hat to BoingBoing Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM Well, it seemed a good idea at the time - legal wrangling department Talk about chutzpah! From the Raleigh, NC News & Observer : Pull the plug on Lake Lynn, suit demands Kristin Wallace bought some very wet land as an investment. Eight acres of it, all underneath Lake Lynn. The Cary woman bought the land for $12,500 last year at a public auction of property with delinquent taxes. Now she is suing to try to force the city of Raleigh or Wake County to buy the soggy land from her or drain it. "It's extremely valuable to me," Wallace said, "dry." City and county officials say Wallace, who started investing in real estate less than two years ago, knew the land was lake bottom when she bought it, something she doesn't dispute. "It's bought as is," said Shelley Eason with the County Attorney's Office. Lake Lynn was built in the 1970s to control flooding and has since been enveloped by the city. Easements from private property owners allowed the county to create the lake. It's now surrounded by apartment complexes and dog walkers, cyclists and joggers on the greenway. Wallace's Cary-based company, Sugartree Investment Group, sued the city and county in late August seeking to remove both the water and a wooden footbridge that is part of the city's greenway system ringing the lake. The lawsuit was filed after her lawyer, H. Cliff Kirkhart of Cary, sent several letters to the city and county offering to sell the land for an unspecified amount. Kirkhart wrote that he considers the city to be "trespassing" on the land by allowing joggers and cyclists to use the footbridge. The county, which maintains the lake itself as part of a flood-control project, is acting "malicious" by keeping the land flooded, he wrote in a complaint filed at the courthouse. And the reason the property came up for auction in the first place: The 8 acres weren't always submerged. They were farmland, which was converted into a lake in 1976 as part of the Crabtree Creek Flood Control Project, a county-run initiative that created several dams and lakes to hold floodwaters. Other flood-control lakes include Shelley Lake and Lake Crabtree. In 1983, the 8 acres were bought by now-defunct Lake Lynn Development, which owned surrounding dry land that would become homes and apartments. Lake Lynn Development eventually went out of business. In 2006 the county revenue department noticed that yearly property tax bills of $9 to $35 a year had gone unpaid for more than a decade on the two parcels, one of 6.68 acres in the middle of the lake and a 1.32-acre inlet, Eason said. More as a housekeeping effort than anything else, the county decided to get rid of the property and put it up for auction in September 2006 as required by law to try to recoup unpaid taxes. Expecting no bids, government officials thought the land would be transferred to the city, which would pay off the back taxes. Neither the city nor the county envisioned someone's bidding for the water-logged land, Eason said. Wallace entered the fray in the midst of the auction and made an upset bid of $6,250 on each parcel. She won, and the sheriff's deeds for both parcels were transferred to Sugartree Investment Group. Heh... Looks like she has them by the balls so to speak. An interesting case. Posted by DaveH at 8:36 PM | Comments (0) A rant on connectivity from Chris Byrne An excellent rant on the joys of dealing with communication companies. From The AnarchAngel : An object lesson in poor service, and losing money: The connectivity saga of 2007 Oy... the last few days have been... interesting. I'm going to tell you a story, that should demonstrate to you why every major ISP, Telco, and Cable company in this country is, or has recently been, in financial trouble. Now, I'm a techno geek. An early adopter (though not generally true bleeding edge), and I have a lot of digital services in my life. Most critical among these are my telephone service, my internet service, my mobile phone, and my cable TV. Without the first three, I can't work; and the last makes life a fair bit more entertaining. Now, for telephone service, I've been with Vonage for four years. I love their service, and I never had any problems with it (until a few months ago). Vonage made signing up with them very easy (for me anyway. MY friend John had some major issues, but we were trying to do something the customer service people didn't know how to do), and has always been helpful when I've had customer service questions etc... Similarly, I have T-mobile for my mobile phone provider; I've had them for four years; and I couldn't be happier. I get excellent telephone and mobile internet service; and they make things convenient for me with regards to billing and customer service. I have had phones with Sprint, AT&T, and Verizon before, and I had MAJOR customer services issues with all of them; but T-mobile has been just great. I've also been with Cox cable and internet for four years; and I've had TONS of problems with their service, which I very much do not love. Over the past two years, I've seen my cable and internet bill from Cox go from $106 a month, to $174 a month; with not only no improvement in service, but a worsening. And it just gets better and better... Posted by DaveH at 10:19 AM | Comments (0) Saw this one coming from a mile away... Want to fly to Bali and cover the UN Climate Meeting for your newspaper? You might have some problems - from NewsBusters : Skeptics Denied Press Credentials at UN Climate Meeting in Bali Want more proof of just how biased the United Nations is? A group of reporters representing the conservative newspaper Environment & Climate News were refused press credentials to attend the U.N.'s climate change meeting in Bali this week. I kid you not. The paper's publisher, the Heartland Institute, released the following statement Monday : As the first goals of the Kyoto Protocol are about to expire, the United Nations is preparing a "Conference of the Parties," the highest decision-making authority. The meeting will take place in Bali, Indonesia from December 3 to December 5. But the event lost any claim of impartiality when organizers rejected attempts by representatives of Environment & Climate News to receive press accreditation for the conference. UN press office coordinator Carrie Assheuer said the newspaper's representatives "do not meet the criteria for press accreditation." Environment & Climate News has been in continual publication for 10 years; is sent to more than 75,000 elected officials, opinion leaders, and environmental professionals in the United States; and is one of five newspapers published the by 23-year-old Heartland Institute. Rope, tree -- some assembly required... Posted by DaveH at 9:54 AM | Comments (0) December 5, 2007 Posted by DaveH at 9:01 PM | Comments (0) December 4, 2007 Circuit Breaker blogging What a wonderful day today was... [set sarcasm=off] We had a power outage last evening that came back around 2:00am this morning. I didn't bother to go down to the store as the power had been off for only about three hours -- the freezers are well enough insulated that they can be without power for a good ten/twelve hours. Well, around 11:00am today, we noticed that the internal temperature was 25 degrees and rising and that a lot of the food was starting to thaw. Well crap! Total loss was around $800 at our cost for the food plus an unknown amount for the emergency call to our refrigeration people. What had happened was that when the power came back on, the starting surge of the compressor tripped the circuit breaker. This is a 40 amp breaker and the nominal running current of the compressor is around eight to ten amperes but the breaker was failing. Circuit breakers are designed to fail conservatively -- if you have a 40 amp breaker and it starts to fail, it will trip at lower and lower currents. This is by design as if the breaker failed the other way, you could have an equipment malfunction and the breaker would not trip causing potential overcurrent and fire hazards. Talk about hoist by one's own petard... Anyway, the food is still fine, it never got to unsafe temperatures, it just cannot be refrozen. It is sitting in our walk-in cooler and the Bellingham Food Bank will be getting a lot of nice Pizzas, Juice concentrate, Fruit, Veggies and Box Meals tomorrow morning. Posted by DaveH at 9:11 PM | Comments (0) December 3, 2007 Power blogging Make that without power blogging... Couple of bumps in the night and then pitch black with UPS's beeping all over the place. Fire up the generator, head into our town to check the store. Everything is pitch black except for our honorable competition (a convenience store with a gas station -- we really don't compete for the same market) who has a nice big propane backup power generator. Drive about five miles and everything is dark - finally get to a spot where there are a few trucks parked underneath one of the big feeder lines and there is a wire down. The electric company knows and we should get power back on in a couple of hours. Hopefully as there are several thousand dollars worth of frozen foods in the store and that compressor only runs on 3-phase electricity. The store generator can't run it. Going to check email, have another glass of wine and then shut off the noisemaker and go to sleep... Hopefully, the normal winter insanity will resume in a day or so. It is 60 degrees outside now. Posted by DaveH at 11:08 PM | Comments (0) Por que no te callas - why don't you just shut up Spoken by the King of Spain, Juan Carlos, to Hugo Chavez. The thought is that this outburst may have been instrumental in costing Chavez his bid for lifetime absolute power in Venezuela. Wretchard at The Belmont Club links to Tigerhawk and notices that one of his commenters had the following observation: Students of Spanish may recall that there are two forms of address: the more formal usted, and the familiar tu. The fact that Juan Carlos said "por que no te callas" (using the tu form) added insult to injury. One head of state addressing another would almost always, universally, use "usted", so saying this with tu showed that Juan Carlos thinks of Chavez like an animal or an unruly child. Heh... Posted by DaveH at 9:27 PM | Comments (0) Storm Blogging The Pineapple Express hit with a vengeance this afternoon. Winds gusting in the 70's and 80's, temperature were under 30 degrees yesterday and now they are in the mid 50's, lots of rain, flooding and mudslides. I hear that Seattle took it a lot worse than we did -- I was in a storm there in the early part of this year that dumped 3 inches and the city ground to a halt. Today they got five inches. Our power went out in the early afternoon and was restored around 5:00PM, just had a few seconds outage a few moments ago as I was typing the previous paragraph. Needless to say, all computers are on decent sized UPSs. Here is our local river just below flood stage: The first shows a large standing wave near the bridge that takes us to Bellingham. The second shows an island with some tree snags - only the tips of the snags are showing. Logs were flowing downriver as I was standing there. Still, Jen brought in a bunch of firewood while I was working at the store and if the power goes out again, we have a generator for lights and to keep our deep freezers running (we have the remains of a very tasty cow and an equally tasty pig sitting there at zero degrees Fahrenheit.) Life is good... Posted by DaveH at 8:58 PM | Comments (0) If the price goes up, people will buy less Simple market economics and it bears fruit once again. From Bloomberg : Crude Oil Declines to Five-Week Low Before OPEC Output Meeting Crude oil futures declined to their lowest in more than five weeks before an OPEC production meeting and amid signs of an economic slowdown in the U.S., the world's largest energy user. Consumer spending in the U.S. rose less than forecast in October, fuelling concern that growth is faltering. Twelve out of 22 analysts forecast that the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries will keep output levels unchanged at its Dec. 5 meeting in Abu Dhabi, according to a Bloomberg News survey. "Participants are getting nervous both about the worsening macro backdrop in the U.S., as well as the upcoming OPEC meeting," Edward Meir, an analyst at MF Global Ltd. in Connecticut said in a report today. Crude oil for January delivery fell as much as $1.24, or 1.4 percent, to $87.47 a barrel, its lowest on the New York Mercantile Exchange since Oct. 25. It last traded at $87.95 at 12:18 a.m. London time. The price floats to what level people are willing to spend. Now if they would just get on the ball with Nuclear... Posted by DaveH at 11:40 AM | Comments (0) December 2, 2007 Get 'em young and train them right From your friendly neighborhood Shaolin Temple come these three children: More YouTube Goodness Posted by DaveH at 9:49 PM | Comments (0) CodePlex Microsoft supporting Open Source Software??? Microsoft supporting Open Source Software??? Cats are mating with Dogs and Pigs are flying to the Moon. Check out CodePlex from Microsoft -- just under 3,000 projects, all open source and the ones that I have looked at are pretty good. I was pointing someone to Cropper, a screen capture tool I use regularly and saw that it had been moved to CodePlex and did some exploring. The full list of projects is here: Project Directory Posted by DaveH at 8:53 PM | Comments (0) Prospecting for Geothermal Energy just got a lot easier Very cool idea -- the simplest ones are almost always the best. From Eureka Alert : Helium isotopes point to the best sources of geothermal energy With fossil fuel sources depleting and global warming on the rise, exploring alternative means of power for humans is a necessary reality. Now, looking to the sky, relying on the wind or harnessing water power are not the only remaining options. Deep within Earth is an untapped source of energy: geothermal energy. It has been estimated that within the continental United States, there is a sizable resource of accessible geothermal energy � about 3,000 times the current annual U.S. consumption. Two important reasons this storehouse of energy has not been tapped is that locating the specific energy hot spots is difficult and expensive. �Since many geothermal resources are hidden, that is, they do not show any clear indications of their presence at the surface, locating them by just using observations made at the surface is difficult,� explains Matthijs van Soest, associate research professional at the Noble Gas Geochemistry and Geochronology Laboratory within the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University. �Often when people thought there might be a geothermal resource below the surface the only way to determine if their assumption was correct was drilling and drilling is extremely expensive,� he says. But... Different parts of the Earth are composed of a variety of elements in varying amounts. Earth�s crust contains a variety of noble gases, one of those being helium. Natural helium occurs as two isotopes, helium-4 (4He) and helium-3 (3He.) Typically, helium-4 is more abundant in Earth�s crust, whereas helium-3 is more abundant in the mantle below. Thus, the helium-3/helium-4 ratio of the gas found in groundwater can provide an indication of the extent to which the water has interacted with volcanic rocks derived from the mantle. Waters that have equilibrated only with crustal rocks typically have low helium-3/helium-4 ratios, but Kennedy and van Soest found that some waters from hot springs near the Dixie Valley geothermal power plant in Nevada contained anomalously high ratios. �When we found the elevated ratios, we knew that the only way these waters could be enriched with helium-3 was if they had interacted with fluids from the Earth�s mantle,� explains van Soest. �The area directly surrounding the power plant has about two to three times the values found elsewhere in the region.� The analysis of samples taken from more than 60 features (mostly from hot springs and shallow wells) in the northern Basin and Range showed that other areas with characteristics similar to those of Dixie Valley � higher 3He/4He ratios � could be very favorable for geothermal development. Very cool -- a couple hours work with a Mass Spec. and you can narrow your search to the likely sites. The power plants are more expensive to build but the fuel is free so the trade-off is major. Posted by DaveH at 8:23 PM | Comments (0) Undergoing a Madden-Julian oscillation The last two weeks it has been fairly cold and we had two snowstorms amounting to about 18" total accumulation. A proverbial winter wonderland. The Mt. Baker ski area is in full operation, the store is busy, things are good. Last week, the weather forecasters started warning about a change and it showed up this evening. We know it as a Pineapple Express -- the jet stream drives moist and warm air from the tropics up to where we are. A couple inches accumulation of rain in one day and temps in the 30's and 40's. The engine that drives this is called the Madden-Julian oscillation . From the Wikipedia article: The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an equatorial traveling pattern of anomalous rainfall that is planetary in scale. The mechanism and cause of the MJO is as yet not well-understood and is a subject of ongoing study. MJO is characterized by an eastward progression of large regions of both enhanced and suppressed tropical rainfall, observed mainly over the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The anomalous rainfall is usually first evident over the western Indian Ocean, and remains evident as it propagates over the very warm ocean waters of the western and central tropical Pacific. This pattern of tropical rainfall then generally becomes very nondescript as it moves over the cooler ocean waters of the eastern Pacific but reappears over the tropical Atlantic and Indian Ocean. The wet phase of enhanced convection and precipitation is followed by a dry phase where convection is suppressed. Each cycle lasts approximately 30-60 days. The Wikipedia entry for Pineapple Express outlines what we are in for tomorrow: Pineapple Express is a non-technical, shorthand term popular in the news media for a meteorological phenomenon which is characterized by a strong and persistent flow of atmospheric moisture and associated heavy rainfall from the waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands and extending to any location along the Pacific coast of North America. The Pineapple Express is driven by a strong, southern branch of the Polar jetstream and is usually marked by the presence of a surface frontal boundary which is typically either slow or stationary, with waves of low pressure traveling along its axis. Each of these low pressure systems brings enhanced rainfall. The conditions are often created by the Madden-Julian oscillation, an equatorial rainfall pattern which feeds its moisture into this pattern. They are also present during an El Ni�o episode. The combination of moisture-laden air, atmospheric dynamics, and orographic enhancement resulting from the passage of this air over the mountain ranges of the West Coast causes some of the most torrential rains to occur in the region. Many Pineapple Express events follow or occur simultaneously with major arctic troughs in the Northwestern United States, often leading to major snowmelt flooding with warm, tropical rains falling on frozen, snow laden ground. Examples of this are the December 1964 Pacific Northwest flood and the Willamette Valley Flood of 1996. So the Mt. Baker ski area is closed Monday and Tuesday , we will loose a lot of our base there as well as the lowland snow (snow levels are due to rise to 6,000' tomorrow). Well crap! Posted by DaveH at 8:05 PM Life at the top - the very far north that is Gene Weingarten travels to Savoonga, Alaska and writes about live in the arctic. Check out this Washington Post article: Snowbound Let's say you were looking for a vacation destination in winter. And also, that you were out of your mind. You might pull out a map of Alaska, locate Anchorage, and then let your eyes roam north and west, across mountain ranges, through millions of acres of wilderness, until you ran out of dirt. You would be in Nome. Nome: the last outpost, Babylon on the Bering, famously dissolute, said to be home to the desperate, the disillusioned, the hollow-eyed, the surrendered, the exiles, the castaways, the cutthroats, the half dead and the fully juiced. Nome, the end of the Earth. Only it isn't the end of the Earth. You can see that, right on the map. To get to the end of the Earth from Nome you would have to hop a small plane and head 130 miles out into the Bering Sea, where you would land on an island so remote that it is closer to Russia than the U.S. mainland. To the people of Siberia, this island is the middle of nowhere. On it, according to the map, is a village named Savoonga. Savoonga. Va-voom. Bunga bunga. Funny, no? I thought so, too, when I first saw it. It gave me an idea for a funny story. In the dead of winter, I would pack up and blindly head to Savoonga, unannounced and unprepared. No research at all, no planning beyond the booking of a room, if there was one to be had. The whole thing was an inside joke, one with a swagger. It is a journalist's conceit that a good reporter can find a great story anywhere--in any life, however humble, and in any place, however unwelcoming. That is how photographer Michael Williamson and I came to be in a small commuter plane in late February, squinting out onto a landscape as forbidding, and as starkly beautiful, as anything we'd ever seen. Land was indistinguishable from sea--the white subarctic vista, lit to iridescence by a midafternoon sun, was flat and frozen straight to the horizon. The first clue that we were over an island was when the village materialized below us. It looked as negligible as a boot print in the snow, the grimy, nubby tread left by galoshes. The nubs were one-story buildings, a few dozen of them, and that was it. I'm back now, trying to make sense of what we saw, trying to figure out how to tell it. It's all still with me, except for the swagger. A fascinating account of life in the far north. Problems with food, alcoholism, child suicides. The isolation is so strong that whenever someone leaves to the lower 48, many times they can't deal with what passes for modern civilization and move back. Austin Bay has a wonderful examination of the problems in Zimbabwe at Strategy Page : Tragedy in Zimbabwe The government's own inflation data put the inflation rate at 7,600 percent a year. Economic analysts outside of Zimbabwe think it may be even higher, 8,500 percent to perhaps as high as 15,000 percent. An IMF "forecast" says the real rate could reach 100,000 percent. Boggling? It's beyond boggling. All of these figures are so large that in terms of policy �and poverty-- the statistical differences are meaningless. Recently a Zimbabwean government official admitted that the real inflation rate is "incalculable" because there are so few goods available in the country. Staples like meat, bread and cooking oil are not available in retail grocery stores. Gasoline (except for government officials and friends of the ruling ZANU-PF party) disappeared many months ago. A statistic that really does matter is unemployment. No one really knows what the unemployment rate is in Zimbabwe. Visit the Web and you will find estimates from fifty to eighty percent. As always, you have to ask not only who did the survey but what constitutes employment. Zimbabwe's once flourishing tourist industry has all but disappeared. In 1999, 1.4 million tourists visited Zimbabwe. Now there are no tourists. An estimated 200,000 Zimbabweans once worked in a tourism-related job (hotels, restaurants, etc.). Almost everyone agrees, however, that commercial agriculture jobs are (or were) a key component in Zimbabwe's economy. Since 2000, Zimbabwe has lost between 250,000 and 400,000 jobs in its once productive agricultural sector. In 2003 the UN reported approximately 100,000 farm workers were still employed on commercial farms. That was a decrease of 250,000 from an estimated 350,000 workers employed by commercial farms in 2000 prior to president Mugabe's first "land redistribution" program, his "agrarian revolution" called the "Third Chimurenga," or "liberation struggle." The vast majority of those farms were owned by whites. The Zimbabwe Commercial Farmers Union reported that there were approximately 4,500 white-owned commercial farms in Zimbabwe in 2000. The higher agricultural worker job loss figure is based a recent estimate, which means it is a very iffy statistic, like Zimbabwe's actual inflation rate. In 2000 the UN estimated that the 350,000 farm workers supported roughly two million people. Using the same ratio (5.7 per worker) that means 2.28 million people who once had well-paying jobs (by Zimbabwean standards) now have little or no income. That is out of a 2005 population of around 13 million people. Many of these once well-employed remain "living on the land" as squatters or "tenant farmers without rights." They do grow some crops but their situation is "hand to mouth," meaning they are now subsistence farmers. These Zimbabweans have effectively lost a century's worth of economic development. Indeed, Zimbabwean dictator Robert Mugabe has taken what should be one of Africa's wealthiest countries and turned it into an economic and political wasteland. Lots more at Strategy Page including some good reasons why other African states are not clamoring for Mugabe's removal. Studio classics in need of facelifts Films are fading, and digital can't save them In Cannes this year, Martin Scorsese talked about the importance of preserving such films as Ahmed El Maanouni's 1981 Moroccan music documentary "Trances." But he didn't mention that his own "Taxi Driver" is deteriorating. Although the 1976 film is part of Sony's vast library, few are rallying to its aid. The myriad film-preservation orgs throw their money and muscle behind titles that are indie, foreign or obscure. It's assumed Hollywood's majors will take care of their own films. In fact, they don't. One Paramount veteran compared the studio's vault to a teenager's chaotic bedroom. In fact, a visitor accidentally stepped on the negative of "Rosemary's Baby," which was unspooled on the floor. With constant pressure on the bottom line, studio execs often lack the funds -- or interest -- to make sure their heritage is being cared for properly. Digital technology, which was touted as the salvation of film, has turned out to be deeply flawed, deteriorating faster than anyone imagined. A bit more: Other vulnerable pics from the era include the seminal dark comedy "Harold and Maude," which is in grave condition. Even "The Godfather" was recently in need of triage. Paramount sent the original camera negative to Warner Bros.' facilities for color correction and sound remixing, among other restorations. The Francis Ford Coppola movie has been a consistent money-maker since its 1972 bow, on vidcassette, DVD and homevideo. If that movie is in need of repair, what hope is there for lesser-grossing films? In December 2006, the National Film Registry listed, as usual, 25 films it feels warrant preservation, including "Groundhog Day" (1993) and "Fargo" (1996). Clearly, this is not just a concern for early Hollywood films. And one more: For the first half of the century, studios let their sprawling libraries fall into disarray. The result is half of all American films made before 1950 have been destroyed, while 80% of U.S.-produced pics dating before 1929 are lost. But film preservation and restoration efforts sprung up in the early 1960s. Mayer, a longtime MGM executive, launched the first large-scale effort to safeguard a studio library in 1965, when he oversaw MGM's construction of refrigerated vaults to house its library, which included such titles as "Gone With the Wind" and "The Wizard of Oz." And these people have the gall to bitch about 'intelectual property' when they are not able to take care of their own treasures. Posted by DaveH at 11:32 AM | Comments (0) Could have seen this one coming Remember the case of the Baltimore Fire Fighter (a paramedic apprentice) who discovered a noose and a threatening note inside the Firehouse? From Baltimore station WJZ/AP : Fire Dept. Suspends Apprentice For Noose, Note The Baltimore Fire Department has suspended a paramedic apprentice who admitted placing a threatening note and a rope shaped like a noose inside a firehouse. Fire officials say the paramedic, Gary Maynard, is the one who initially reported finding the note and the rope. Fire department spokesman Kevin Cartwright says Maynard confessed to city police that he left the note and the rope. A statement from Fire Chief William Goodwin says Maynard's scheme was "meant to create the perception that members within our department were acting in a discriminatory and unprofessional manner." The note was believed to refer to a cheating scandal involving black firefighters. Maynard, who is black, has not yet been charged with any crime. Yup - sticken' it to the Man... What a maroon. Posted by DaveH at 11:23 AM | Comments (0) December 1, 2007 From the Seattle Times : Sperm donor liable for child support, judge rules MELVILLE, N.Y. � A New York man who said he donated sperm to a female co-worker as a friendly gesture and sent presents and cards to the child over the years likely will owe child support for the college-bound teenager, according to a judge's ruling. "What's the saying? No good deed goes unpunished," said Deborah Kelly, a Garden City lawyer for the man, who like all the involved parties remains anonymous because of privacy concerns. Family Court Judge Ellen Greenberg ruled Nov. 16 that despite the mother's willingness to have the child's DNA tested, the man could not seek a paternity test to determine if he is the biological father because the results could have a "traumatic effect" upon the child, who is now 18 and lives in Oregon with the mother. The next step is a meeting with a support magistrate to determine the amount of child-support payments � if any � the man would have to pay until the child turns 21, Kelly said. Even without genetic evidence, the man's interactions with the child over the years had a patriarchal nature, said Jeffrey Herbst, a county attorney who represents the mother in the lawsuit through a federal agreement called the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act. Christ on a corn dog... The guy did send cards and presents to the kid but he was not there raising him, the two women were. Their relationship broke up and now they want the sperm donor to pony up money to raise the kid. Wake up and smell the cappuccino people. Posted by DaveH at 10:15 PM | Comments (0) Meet Charlie Check out The Daily Coyote Written by 30 year old Shreve Stockton and details the account of her adopting a 10 day old baby Coyote and living with him and her tomcat in a log cabin in Wyoming. Some wonderful photography. -- here are two: Shreve has also ridden across the USA on a Vespa scooter and she blogged about it here: Vespa Vagabond First one is from Augusta, Georgia. From the Savannah Morning News : 3 arrested as printer is returned; fake money found inside Police say three people wanted some easy money, but instead they gave authorities an easy catch. Police arrested the three Wednesday evening after a Harlem man reportedly tried to return a printer to Target with fake printed money inside the machine. A clerk told police she was checking the package returned by Michael Jerome Chatman, 35, of Harlem, when she saw a piece of paper inside the printer. On it were copies of a $20 and $10 bill, according to a Richmond County sheriff's report. Police say Chatman quickly grabbed the printer and ran from the store but was stopped by a Richmond County deputy outside. Police arrested Diamond Tiara Green, 30, and Kotto Yaphet Green, 24, both of the 3300 block of Jonathan Circle, and Chatman on charges of second-degree forgery, the report says. Upon frisking Chatman, police found a real $20 bill that they said matched the copy inside the printer. Not to be outdone, this is more bad timing than stupidity but still... From the Everett, WA Herald : Trash truck scoops up suspect She tried to make a clean getaway. Instead, the 13-year-old robbery suspect's hiding place in a trash bin got turned upside down as it was emptied into a garbage truck Friday morning. The girl came tumbling out in front of Snohomish County sheriff's deputies, who were tracking her, and just happened to arrive as the bin was being dumped, sheriff's spokeswoman Rebecca Hover said. "She was hiding inside the dumpster under some garbage," Hover said. "She was unloaded, too." The girl wasn't hurt and police quickly put her in handcuffs, she said. About 9 a.m. Friday, police believe the girl and a boy, 16, both from Everett, robbed the Pizza Hut in the 400 block of 128th Street SW, Hover said. Police got the guy too.

Pineapple Express

According to the proverb, you should look before you do what?

Synthstuff - music, photography and more...: December 2007 Archives Synthstuff - music, photography and more... December 31, 2007 A quiet night Heading out to the Dave Cave(tm) to check email and then probably up to bed. Tired tonight. I want to wish all of my readers a Happy New Year and best of luck for 2008. 2007 put us through the wringer in more ways than one, we are hoping for a much quieter year in 2008. Posted by DaveH at 9:40 PM | Comments (0) Something in the water - Kitsap County It seems that a lot of strange things are happening in Kitsap County just south-west of us. I had already written about the Crucified Santa There is also the story of the guy who tried to remove the lugnuts on his tire with a blast from his shotgun . Well, Andrew Binion at the Kitsap Sun is wondering what is happening out there : When the Going Gets Weird, Kitsap County Turns Pro Does it feel weirder around here, or is it just me? Cat burglars leaving expensive video-game systems behind for a few porn magazines and bottles of bubble bath. Santa Claus crucified on a 15-foot cross. A large, naked man freaking out on angel dust and trying to lick the wires of a police Taser. The simple answer is no. Probably not. Maybe not. Is there any way to tell for sure? Maybe it just feels that way because the area's poor judgments and compromising moments are written and published. And with the help of the Internet, stories of Kitsap life are being read, rewritten, commented upon, doubted, interpreted and probed for deeper meaning by a worldwide audience. The most read kitsapsun.com story of 2007, by far, is the strange tale of a Southworth man who on Nov. 10 was seriously injured when he tried to remove a stubborn wheel lug nut with a shotgun. It outpaced every other single story � from murder to mayhem to floods � by tens of thousands of page hits, recording an unprecedented 58,876 viewings as of Thursday. But that's just the people that read the story at kitsapsun.com. Couple other good stories. Here is the website where they publish their odd news items -- something to check on a regular basis. Posted by DaveH at 8:55 PM | Comments (0) Henry Petroski on the Toothpick Henry Petroski is an unusual author. A delight to read, he analyzes the engineering and origin of everyday objects and writes about them in a fascinating way. His latest book is about the toothpick, its origins and the various machines that were made to produce them. A short excerpt can be found at The American : The Glorious Toothpick The plain wooden toothpick is among the sim�plest of manufactured things. It consists of a single part, made of a single material, and is intended for a single purpose, from which it takes its name. But simple things do not necessarily come easily, and the story of the mass-produced toothpick is one of preparation, inspiration, invention, marketing, competition, success and failure in a global econ�omy, and changing social customs and cultural values. In short, the story of the toothpick is a par�adigm for American manufacturing. Early wooden toothpicks were found objects, each fashioned ad hoc from a broken twig or stalk with a pointed end. Often, the other end of the twig was chewed until its fibers separated to form a primitive toothbrush called a chew-stick. Some cultures, like the Japanese, developed rigid rules about how such sticks were held and used. In medieval Portugal, a cottage industry developed to produce straightforward hand�made toothpicks, and these splints of orange�wood gained a reputation for being the best in the world. Toothpicks made in the Portuguese tra�dition were common in Brazil in the mid-19th century when Charles Forster, an American work�ing in the import-export trade, found them being crafted and used by natives there. It was a time when the manufacture of just about everything was becoming mechanized in America, and Forster believed that toothpicks could be mass-produced in New England at a cost that would allow them even to be exported to Brazil and compete with the handmade kind. An interesting read -- I'll have to pick up the book from the Library; have always made a point to read his work. Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) December 30, 2007 A dirty rotten scoundrel who is getting some justified comeuppance Hat tip to Instapundit for this link to a horrible story and the beginnings of a resolution: Anti-Military Lawyer Damages Marine's Car on Eve of Deployment This ought to make your blood boil. And this Marine should receive a commendation for not kicking the living crap out of the guy...seriously. Marine Sgt Mike McNulty is on activation orders to Iraq (second tour). On December 1st, 2007, Mike went to visit a friend in Chicago before deploying to say goodbye. In order to get to his friend's residence, and keep in mind that Chicago is a myriad of diagonal and one-way streets, the front entrance (right way) to the one-way street was blocked. Mike, being a Marine, overcame and adapted by driving around the block to the other end of the street and backing up all the way to his friend's place. While saying goodbye, at about 11am, he noticed a man leaning up against his car. Mike left his friend's apartment and caught the man keying his car on multiple sides. After caught in the process, the man told Mike, "you think you can do whatever you want with Department of Defense license plates and tags". (In Illinois you can purchase veteran, Marine, or medal plates. Mike has Illinois Marine Corps license plates.) During the exchange, he made additional anti-military comments. The story gets worse -- the damage to his car is enough to make this a Felony and the lawyer gets all slimy and tries to bargain and weasel out of it, knowing that Sgt. McNulty is shipping out soon. Where the story turns good is in the comments section. Some people from Chicago are offering to follow through in a legal manner, the guys office info is posted online (and the website is offline). There are links to people like this: Illinois Attorney Registration & Disciplinary Commission and the Bar Association and other organizations. That guy is toast and it couldn't happen to a nicer person. There is nothing wrong with expressing your opinions but to willfully cause damage in such a cowardly and harmful way is beneath contempt. This man is scum (and that is insulting a lot of really great scum!) Posted by DaveH at 8:58 PM The economics of car buying - long term loans/low monthly payments You want the low monthly payment and the dealership can give it to you. What they aren't explaining to you well enough is that the longer the term on the loan, the less is being paid into the principal and more is being paid into the interest ($$$ for the lender and dealership) A great article at the LA Times about the repercussions of this kind of deal: New cars that are fully loaded � with debt When Jennifer and Bobby Post traded in their 2001 Chevy Suburban last year for a shiny new Ford F-350 turbo diesel with an extended cab, it seemed like a great deal. Even though they still owed $9,500 on their SUV after the trade-in value, they didn't have to put a penny down. The dealership, near the Posts' home in Victorville, made it easy; it just added the old debt to the price of the new truck and gave the couple a seven-year, $44,276 loan. The Posts were a little worried about taking on such a long obligation, but they couldn't pass up a monthly payment under $700. Now they're having regrets. "I didn't realize how much debt was in it," said Jennifer Post, who has since moved with her family to Iowa. Now, she'd like to get rid of the truck but can't, because there's so much debt that she'd literally have to pay someone to take it off her hands. One of the things that I liked about Jen when we were dating was that she was very careful with money. I am too -- we own a 2002 Subaru that is paid for. I have an 1998 Dodge truck that is paid for. We don't get the latest and greatest of things but our house is paid for. We have credit cards but use them only when needed (buying airplane tickets, etc... and when a measure of protection is needed (buying from an overseas vendor)) and then, they are paid off that next month if possible, next few months if not. A bit more from the article: Americans haven't just been taking out risky mortgages for homes in the last few years; they've also been signing larger automobile loans for significantly longer terms than they used to. As a result, people are slipping into a perpetual cycle of automobile debt that experts think could lead to a new credit crunch extending from dealerships to driveways and all the way to Wall Street. More: At the same time, the amount of money drivers owe on their cars is soaring. In October, the average amount financed hit $30,738, up $3,500 in just a year and nearly 40% in the last decade, according to the Fed. More troubling, today's average car owner owes $4,221 more than the vehicle is worth at the time it's sold -- up from $3,529 in 2002, according to industry analyst Edmunds. One more: Cindy Gerhardt has rolled over so much debt on successive vehicle purchases -- five in three years -- that she now owes almost $43,000 on two trucks worth no more than $29,000 and, she says, perhaps as little as $22,000. Faced with car payments that exceed her monthly mortgage, she tried to trade in the pair for a single vehicle. But with so much unpaid principal on the vehicle loans, the only offer she got from the dealer was to trade in one truck on yet another new vehicle -- and increase her debt by another $25,000. "It's our own fault that we traded in vehicles so many times, but we never thought it would get to this," said Gerhardt, a secretary who lives with her husband and two children in Clinton, Okla. She recently tried to refinance her mortgage, she said, but was declined because her car payments were too high. "Not one dealer ever said this was a problem. Ever. I never had a dealership say no." Are people just getting more and more stupid about money and personal responsibility these days or is there something else at work here? My vote is with stupidity... From Canada.com/Montrael Gazette : Quebec man sells snowbank on EBay for $3,550 A Quebec man has sold the "magnificent" two-metre-high snowbank in front of his home on EBay for $3,550, less than two weeks after putting it up for sale - to a buyer who plans to use it for a snowball fight with his family. But first the snow salesman had to endure a media storm, a flurry of bids and a winning offer that turned out to be a hoax. The proceeds will go to Operation Enfant Soleil, a Quebec charity that supports children's hospitals in the province. "I'm very happy," Michel Levesque said Saturday night from his home just north of Montreal. "Especially after the day I had today." The winning bidder, Claude Fraser, said he and his family bought the snowbank because they make an annual donation to a charity and hadn't decided on one for this year. No problem with having a little fun with your charitable donation. Very cool as I have quite a few of these in our pasture right now. (firing up eBay) Posted by DaveH at 8:33 PM | Comments (0) An alternative to the iPod Nice little iPod clone for $57.50 for the 4GB version Check it out at MP4 Nation Video as well as audio, built in mike for voice recording and an FM Radio. Looks like a sweet little unit. Interesting link (hat tip Insty ) to Les Jones who links to this page at the US EPA: How clean is the electricity I use? - Power Profiler From the site: In the United States, electricity is generated in many different ways, with a wide variation in environmental impact. Electricity generation from the combustion of fossil fuels contributes toward unhealthy air quality, acid rain, and global climate change. Many electricity customers can choose their provider of electricity or can purchase green power from their utility. In fact, you might now have the option of choosing cleaner, more environmentally friendly sources of energy. Power Profiler will: Determine your power grid region based on your ZIP code and electric utility Compare the fuel mix and air emissions rates of the electricity in your region to the national average Determine the air emissions impacts of electricity use in your home or business Power Profiler is very easy to use and takes about 5 minutes. To start, all you need is your ZIP code. Very cool! Here is the result for the Pacific Northwest area (Bellingham) Click for full-size Image Wish that we used more Nuclear but happy to see that our dependence on Coal is lower than the national average and that we are utilizing so much Hydro. Posted by DaveH at 3:34 PM A curious addition to the U.N. Oil For Food swindle We know about Iraq buying French and Russian munitions after the weapons embargo was placed. We know about the top-level corruption at the United Nations ( Kofi Annan and his son Kojo ) concerning the Oil for Food program. Now, news is coming out about a British Pharmaceutical company and another Pharmaceutical company that is a joint venture between Sweden and England. From the UK The Press Association : Drug firms face Iraq bribes probe Pharmaceutical companies GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca have been asked to hand over documents to the Serious Fraud Office as part of its investigation into bribes allegedly paid to Saddam Hussein's deposed Iraqi regime. The SFO is investigating possible breaches of the oil-for-food sanctions in place against the Middle Eastern country. The investigation was triggered by a damning United Nations report which listed more than 2,200 companies worldwide that may have been linked to bribery or "kickbacks" to Iraq. GSK and AstraZeneca have denied any wrongdoing and said they were co-operating fully with the SFO. The programme was supposed to allow the Iraqi government to sell limited amounts of oil to buy foreign food and medicines. But Paul Volcker, former chairman of the US Federal Reserve, said in his 2005 report for the UN that it had become corrupt as Saddam Hussein's regime demanded payments from foreign companies in return for lucrative contracts. The investigation, which could take years and is expected to cost around �22 million, has been predicted to become one of the biggest undertaken by the SFO. heh... One by one, the coalition is mopping up the 'insurgents' and on the home front, one by one, people are turning over the rocks and weeding out the corruption they find there. The Oil for Food program is long over but it's repercussions are still going strong. Obligatory links: GlaxoSmithKline ( wiki ) and AstraZeneca ( wiki ) Posted by DaveH at 12:53 PM Knowing one's boundaries - Nancy Pelosi edition Little news item from Reuters : U.S.' Pelosi questions Pakistan's Bhutto probe Washington should address "troubling questions" about Pakistan's probe of opposition leader Benazir Bhutto's assassination and its cooperation in fighting terrorism before extending any more aid, U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi said on Saturday. Pelosi called for an international investigation into the Dec. 27 assassination of Bhutto, which Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf's government has blamed on al Qaeda. Bhutto's party dismissed the government account, saying Musharraf's administration, a close ally in U.S. President George W. Bush's war against terrorism, was trying to cover up its failure to protect her. Since when did she join the State Department? It's alright to have a personal interest in matters like this but to be dictating matters of policy and action for a Foreign Nation is not in her job description... And how is Pelosi doing on those promises she made when she got elected to her post as Speaker - click here and find out. No wonder their popular approval rating is below that of President Bush. Posted by DaveH at 10:42 AM December 29, 2007 The two curious collections of Stuart Bruce Stuart's main website is here: Stuart Bruce Not that evident is a link to his collection of TLA's or Three Letter Acronyms . He has found all possible combinations of three letters -- 17,576 He is also working on Four Letter Acronyms and has 150,923 so far which is 33.02% of all available combinations. Heh... Posted by DaveH at 9:25 PM | Comments (0) A classic case of earmarks - WA State version The Seattle Times has a nice investigative piece on a Port Townsend company that decided, rather than prosper with superior technology, they chose instead to prosper using a lobbyist and some cash. Here is an excerpt from the article: Congressional ties bankroll area company Not long after Nelson Ludlow and his wife started a technology business in Port Townsend with money scraped together from friends, family and retirement accounts, they spent precious dollars in an unlikely way: They hired a lobbyist and started giving to a congressional campaign fund. The lobbying paid off. Soon, an $800,000 earmark for the Ludlows was tucked into a 2003 spending bill, giving their tiny startup, Mobilisa, a no-bid contract to provide Internet service on Puget Sound ferries. Mobilisa is one of a new breed of companies sustained by lawmakers handing them government contracts through line-item appropriations known as earmarks. These companies make their sales pitch not to experts in places like the Pentagon but to lawmakers and their staff in the halls of Congress. The startups rely on dollars from taxpayers rather than from venture capitalists who demand a cut of profits. All the while, company executives usually give campaign donations to lawmakers. Nelson Ludlow and his wife, Bonnie, have donated generously in the past five years, giving $11,500 to U.S. Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., and nearly $20,000 to U.S. Rep. Norm Dicks, D-Bremerton. At the same time, the Ludlows have mastered the earmark game. Since 2003, Murray and Dicks have favored Mobilisa with at least nine earmarks worth $20.3 million. Must be some very cool high-tech stuff if they had that much funding: In July 2002, Murray announced she was sponsoring an earmark for Mobilisa to set up free Internet access for ferry passengers. The $800,000 federal grant Murray got for the Washington State Ferries came with strings attached: The state had to put up an additional $200,000 and was instructed to award a sole-source contract to Mobilisa, despite its meager track record. "We were told by the federal government what to do with that particular contract," said Tami Grant, a contract manager at the Washington Department of Transportation. The Internet service on the ferries was free. And the initial feedback was good. But an independent review, paid for by the grant, found slow download speeds and lost connections were common over the water. Murray got Mobilisa another $1 million earmark in 2006. Ultimately, the federal government paid more than $200 for each of the 8,000 passengers who the state agency said tried the free service. And Mobilisa lost in 2006 when the state did a round of competitive bidding. They are also involved in military security: Mobilisa, for example, sells a bar-code scanner to swipe ID badges at security gates on military bases. The off-the-shelf Motorola scanner retails for about $3,000. Yet Mobilisa sells the same handheld device to the government for nearly $7,000. And Mobilisa's biggest success has come in creating a system to check the ID badges of people entering military bases. In 2005, Dicks got the company a $4 million earmark to research and implement an ID-check system. Mobilisa focused its research on reading driver's licenses, a technology that other companies were already selling. By then, however, the Defense Department was issuing expensive "smart" cards, which are difficult to counterfeit and store biometric information, such as fingerprint images. The cards are intended to offer the highest level of security. Mobilisa used an off-the-shelf bar-code scanner to build its system, a technology that industry sources say fails to read the advanced security features embedded in a chip in the Defense Department cards. "When you've got a chip card available, using a bar code is living a little bit in the past," said Neville Pattinson, vice president of government affairs for Gemalto, a multinational smart-card company that is not a Mobilisa competitor. "If they chose to use bar codes as a convenience, that's fine. But they should be aware of the risk of fraud." Christ on a Corn Dog -- it's our tax dollars at work, supporting a couple people's banal mediocrity. They come out with systems that rely on old technology and in the case of the ferry system, "slow download speeds and lost connections were common". Cripes -- Motorola makes an internet access point with typical distances of five to ten miles, a couple access points and you would have complete coverage. (Their Canopy system - excellent products!) Why screw around with transponders on buoys when for about $10K per access point (not counting the structure it's mounted on), you can get a really fast connection (quoted spec is 14MBPS - by comparison, a T-1 line is 1.544 MBPS) As for sticking with the bar-code scanners when "smart cards" were already deployed, that is the hallmark of a Clueless Dip-shit Manager. Mobilisa's website is here: Mobilisa And BTW, when the 2008 elections roll around, that was U.S. Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash. and U.S. Rep. Norm Dicks that need to be defeated for supporting this kind of stupidity and waste. And to close, I know that you should not try to implement the bleeding edge technologies when rolling out something large but still, using tech that is several generations older than the current Commercial-Off-The-Shelf technology is indefensible and downright idiotic... Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) Unclear on the concept - visiting the Police Meet Alabama residents Chavis Sanders, 22, and David Bailey, 24. About two months previous, Chavis was busted for drug distribution and $1,200 in cash was confiscated. He and his buddy David decided to drive to the Police station to ask about getting it back. Chavis also wanted to check on the status of a domestic violence case against him. Let's go to the Mobile Alabama Press-Register : Two arrested at city police headquarters Two men were arrested Friday morning by Prichard police after the men arrived at police headquarters in a stolen car with a small bag of marijuana plainly visible on the car's center console, authorities said. Prichard police Maj. Marvin Whitfield said he and other officers detected the strong odor of marijuana when one of the men rolled down one of the car's windows and opened a door. "We couldn't believe it," Whitfield said. "I've been doing police work for about 20 years, and I never knew of anybody bringing a half-pound of marijuana and a gun to a police station in a stolen car." The major said some of the high-grade marijuana and a semiautomatic pistol were found under the driver's seat of the 2007 Chrysler PT Cruiser. "It was real potent, and you could smell it," Whitfield said of the marijuana. "The car window was down initially. And when the driver got out of the car, you could detect the potent odor of it." Nona Simmons, spokeswoman for the Police Department, identified the driver as Chavis Sanders, 22, of the Whistler community and the passenger as David Bailey, 24, of Mobile. Whitfield said he had not determined when the car was stolen or from what area of Mobile it was stolen. Almost $1,000 in cash was confiscated from Sanders on Friday, he said. The major said Prichard police arrested Sanders about two months ago on a drug distribution charge and confiscated $1,200 from him. Sanders had returned to police headquarters Friday morning in hopes of getting the money back and to check the status of a domestic violence case pending against him, the major said. Looks like the gene pool needs some more Clorox From Slashdot : Trekkie Sues Christie's for Fradulent Props Token_Internet_Girl passed us a link to an MSNBC article on a very disappointed Star Trek fan. Mr. Moustakis of NJ bought a poker visor he thought was worn by Data in Next Generation at a Christie's auction for some $6,000. When he brought it to a convention to have it signed, actor Brent Spiner explained that he'd already sold the well-known visor in a personal sale; like Senator Vreenak , Moustakis had been given a fake . "Christie's spokesman Rik Pike stood behind the authenticity of the auction and said the disgruntled buyer's case had no merit. The lawsuit, filed in state court in Manhattan, demands millions of dollars in punitive damages and a refund for the visor and two other items Moustakis bought at the 2006 auction." Christie's should have done a bit more research -- the provenance of this would certainly be easy to check; a couple phone calls. I'd be doing the lawsuit routs too if this was me... Posted by DaveH at 11:09 AM | Comments (0) December 28, 2007 Current music - louder please, more noise! A nice write-up in the Rolling Stone about the recent tendency to compress the daylights out of today's music to make it sound 'louder'. Only problem is that you loose all of the subtleties. The Death of High Fidelity In the age of MP3s, sound quality is worse than ever David Bendeth, a producer who works with rock bands like Hawthorne Heights and Paramore, knows that the albums he makes are often played through tiny computer speakers by fans who are busy surfing the Internet. So he's not surprised when record labels ask the mastering engineers who work on his CDs to crank up the sound levels so high that even the soft parts sound loud. Over the past decade and a half, a revolution in recording technology has changed the way albums are produced, mixed and mastered � almost always for the worse. "They make it loud to get [listeners'] attention," Bendeth says. Engineers do that by applying dynamic range compression, which reduces the difference between the loudest and softest sounds in a song. Like many of his peers, Bendeth believes that relying too much on this effect can obscure sonic detail, rob music of its emotional power and leave listeners with what engineers call ear fatigue. "I think most everything is mastered a little too loud," Bendeth says. "The industry decided that it's a volume contest." Producers and engineers call this "the loudness war," and it has changed the way almost every new pop and rock album sounds. But volume isn't the only issue. Computer programs like Pro Tools, which let audio engineers manipulate sound the way a word processor edits text, make musicians sound unnaturally perfect. And today's listeners consume an increasing amount of music on MP3, which eliminates much of the data from the original CD file and can leave music sounding tinny or hollow. "With all the technical innovation, music sounds worse," says Steely Dan's Donald Fagen, who has made what are considered some of the best-sounding records of all time. "God is in the details. But there are no details anymore." A fascinating look at a real problem with contemporary music. We have the Cowboy Junkies recent remake of the Trinity Sessions on the player right now and it is awesome -- a broad palate of sound, not a constant roar. Posted by DaveH at 9:31 PM | Comments (0) Don't know if this is cute or downright creepy Check out Baby Toupees They are about $20 each - here is their Bob model: Posted by DaveH at 8:57 PM | Comments (0) The Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Was tracking down some background on Paris Hilton's grandfather changing the terms of his will and how Paris is now scheduled to only get a couple million rather than the $60M or so she was counting on. The foundation looks like a good one: The Conrad N. Hilton Foundation Good to see the money go toward these causes than to white trash. Posted by DaveH at 8:08 PM | Comments (0) December 27, 2007 Gearing up for 2008 2008 is destined to be a big year. After all, it is the International Year of the Potato : Why potato? The celebration of the International Year of the Potato (IYP) will raise awareness of the importance of the potato - and of agriculture in general - in addressing issues of global concern, including hunger, poverty and threats to the environment. Over the next two decades, the world's population is expected to grow on average by more than 100 million people a year. More than 95 percent of that increase will occur in the developing countries, where pressure on land and water is already intense. A key challenge facing the international community is, therefore, to ensure food security for present and future generations, while protecting the natural resource base on which we all depend. The potato will be an important part of efforts to meet those challenges... Potatoes are grown worldwide The potato has been consumed in the Andes for about 8 000 years. Taken by the Spanish to Europe in the 16th century, it quickly spread across the globe: today potatoes are grown on an estimated 195 000 sq km, or 75 000 square miles, of farmland, from China's Yunnan plateau and the subtropical lowlands of India, to Java's equatorial highlands and the steppes of Ukraine. In terms of sheer quantity harvested, the humble potato tuber is the world's No. 4 food crop, with production in 2006 of almost 315 million tonnes (about 347 million US tons). More than half of that total was harvested in developing countries. Potatoes feed the hungry The potato should be a major component in strategies aimed at providing nutritious food for the poor and hungry. It is ideally suited to places where land is limited and labour is abundant, conditions that characterize much of the developing world. The potato produces more nutritious food more quickly, on less land, and in harsher climates than any other major crop - up to 85 percent of the plant is edible human food, compared to around 50% in cereals. Cool Posted by DaveH at 8:57 PM | Comments (0) The wisdom of the Left - Tsunami Aid Color me Not Surprised... From The Australian : Tsunami aid 'spent on politics' Three years after Australians donated $400 million to rebuild Asian lives devastated by the 2004 tsunami, aid groups are under attack for spending much of the money on social and political engineering. A survey by The Australian of the contributions by non-government organisations to the relief effort found the donations had been spent on politically correct projects promoting left-wing Western values over traditional Asian culture. The activities - listed as tsunami relief - include a "travelling Oxfam gender justice show" in Indonesia to change rural male attitudes towards women. Another Oxfam project, reminiscent of the ACTU's Your Rights at Work campaign, instructs Thai workers in Australian-style industrial activism and encourages them to set up trade unions. A World Vision tsunami relief project in the Indonesian province of Aceh includes a lobbying campaign to advance land reform to promote gender equity, as well as educating women in "democratic processes" and encouraging them to enter politics. Also in Aceh, the Catholic aid group Caritas funds an Islamic learning centre to promote "the importance of the Koran". This is seen as recognition of the importance of Islam in a province that has been the scene of a long-running and bloody independence struggle against the secular central Government. What a bunch of self-centered ponces. Going ham-handed into a completely different culture and telling the people who have suffered a life-changing disaster how they should be altering their way of life. Makes me re-think any donations to Oxfam -- used to think that they did good work... Posted by DaveH at 1:11 PM | Comments (0) Crap - it was bound to happen but still... Benazir Bhutto was murdered this morning. From CNN : Benazir Bhutto assassinated Pakistan's former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was assassinated Thursday outside a large gathering of her supporters where a suicide bomber also killed at least 14, doctors and a spokesman for her party said. While Bhutto appeared to have died from bullet wounds, it was not immediately clear if she was shot or if her wounds were caused by bomb shrapnel. President Pervez Musharraf held an emergency meeting in the hours after the death, according to state media. Police warned citizens to stay home as they expected rioting to break out in city streets in reaction to the death. Police sources told CNN the bomber, who was riding a motorcycle, blew himself up near Bhutto's vehicle. Bhutto was rushed to Rawalpindi General Hospital -- less than two miles from the bombing scene -- where doctors pronounced her dead. Former Pakistan government spokesman Tariq Azim Khan said while it appeared Bhutto was shot, it was unclear if the bullet wounds to her head and neck were caused by a shooting or if it was shrapnel from the bomb. Bhutto's husband issued a statement from his home in Dubai saying, "All I can say is we're devastated, it's a total shock." Religion of Peace indeed... UPDATE: More here: NDTV.COM Thoughts from writers at the National Review Posted by DaveH at 12:51 PM | Comments (0) December 26, 2007 WTF??? - going beyond your average tattoo Getting a tattoo of a good looking busty lady is not that uncommon. (On someone's calf in this case) Giving it silicone breast implants is. From Blame It On The Voices : Silicone implants for tattoo boobs If you really wanna impress with your tattoo, here's what you gotta do: The entry continues with pictures of the procedure and the result. Part of me is saying: Waaaay to go Dude! Part of me is saying: Like what were you thinking? Posted by DaveH at 9:44 PM | Comments (1) Schadenfreude - Paris Hilton department He had talked about it before, here and here . Last July, Paris Hilton's grandfather, Barron Hilton threatened to take her inheritance away and then relented a day later. Well, about six months later, he has gone back to his original idea with a very nice twist... From Yahoo News/Reuters : Paris loses out: Hilton fortune pledged to charity Hotel heiress Paris Hilton's potential inheritance dramatically diminished after her grandfather Barron Hilton announced plans on Wednesday to donate 97 percent of his $2.3 billion fortune to charity. That wealth includes $1.2 billion Barron Hilton stands to earn from both the recent sale of Hilton Hotels Corp. -- started by his father Conrad in 1919 when he bought a small hotel in Cisco, Texas -- and pending sale of the world's biggest casino company, Harrah's Entertainment Inc. That money will be placed in a charitable trust that will eventually benefit the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, raising its total value to about $4.5 billion, the foundation said in a statement. Barron Hilton, chairman of the foundation, intends "to contribute 97 percent of his entire net worth, estimated today at $2.3 billion, including the created trusts, at whatever value it is at the time of his passing," the foundation said. Paris Hilton was not immediately available for comment on her grandfather's plans for his fortune. No shit Sherlock! Jerry Oppenheimer, who profiled the Hilton family in his 2006 book "House of Hilton," has said Barron Hilton is embarrassed by the behavior of his socialite granddaughter Paris and believes it has sullied the family name. Putting the money into the foundation is wonderful -- from the article: The foundation supports projects that provide clean water in Africa, education for blind children, and housing for the mentally ill. Its aims, based on Conrad Hilton's will, are "to relieve the suffering, the distressed and the destitute." A bit more: Conrad Hilton established the foundation in 1944 and when he died in 1979 left virtually all of his fortune -- including, according to media reports at the time, a 27 percent controlling stake in Hilton Hotels -- to the charity. But Barron Hilton challenged the will and after a nearly decade-long legal struggle reached an out-of-court settlement to split ownership of the shares with the foundation in 1988, The New York Times reported. To think that she might actually have to get a job... Heh... She makes a decent chunk of change by appearing at parties and such but now that she is no longer the naughty billionaire heiress but only the trailer-trash bitch with a couple million bucks, I am betting that her social cachet will plummet and she will be doing Supermarket Grand Openings in a year or two. In Gary, Indiana. We do not stand alone, we are all connected to the web of life and in the greatest sense, we are truly responsible for the results of our own actions. The goal is to recognize this truth before a Supermarket in Gary, Indiana makes you an offer that you cannot refuse... And not just any science lab, a science lab that says this on its website : Research Interests: The overall objective of research in our laboratory is to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that underlie the interactions of marine animals with their chemical environment. Our general approach is to examine these mechanisms from a comparative/evolutionary perspective Meet Nathaniel Abraham -- from Wired Magazine : Creationist Biologist Says Civil Rights Violated by Employer's Insistence on Evolution In some areas of science, accepting evolution isn't necessary to do your job. But that's not the case when your job involves studying evolution. The Boston Globe reported last week that biologist Nathaniel Abraham is suing the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, one of the world's foremost marine research centers. A bit more: Only after he was hired did Abraham mention that he didn't believe in evolution and didn't want to work on evolution-related research. Hahn asked Abraham to resign. He left in December 2004. Abraham took his case to the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination, which ruled against him in April of this year. His new lawsuit, filed in federal district court on November 30, claims violation of his rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and asks for $500,000 in damages. Posted by DaveH at 7:12 AM December 25, 2007 Gateway Pundit has been covering the celebration of Christmas in Iraq : Merry Christmas -- 2007 Eyes are on Iraq this year and thankful that there is reconciliation and a peace movement on the streets today. Shiite tribal leaders attended Christmas Mass in Iraq today. 2,000 people crowded the Mar Eliya Church in Baghdad today. Shiite tribal leaders attend Christmas mass at an Assyrian orthodox church in Baghdad, Iraq, Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2007. Gateway links to this report from Breitbart : Muslim clerics�both Sunni and Shiite�also attended the service in a sign of unity. "May Iraq be safe every year, and may our Christian brothers be safe every year," Shiite cleric Hadi al-Jazail told AP Television News outside the church. "We came to celebrate with them and to reassure them." Wonderful news! Signing off for now; and to all, a good night... Merry Christmas and have a very Happy New year! Posted by DaveH at 9:39 PM | Comments (0) Happy Birthday - John Conway John Conway turns 70 on 12/26 Who He you ask? Lubo� Motl has a nice biography - the guy has been busy and is involved in a lot of different areas. A polymath and a genius. John Conway: 70th birthday John Horton Conway, a famous English mathematician, was born exactly 70 years ago, on 12/26/1937. Congratulations! He has contributed great things to game theory and algorithmics, group theory, geometry (classification of polychora), knot theory (applications of skein relations that led to knot polynomials), and theoretical physics. A few of the things he has worked with: "Game of Life" and other fun things for adult children Conway's inventions in recreational mathematics and his popularization pieces and books are far too numerous to enumerate here. He can calculate the day of the week in two seconds or so, using his Doomsday Al Gore Rhythm. Also, Conway's "Game of Life" remains the most popular cellular automaton. And a little bit on his Free will theorem The free will theorem is a very cute sharpened reformulation of the hidden variables no-go theorems that can be phrased in the following way: If experimenters have free will, then so do elementary particles. Because this statement may sound too entertaining, let me emphasize that it is not a caricature of the theorem. They actually prove nothing else than the exact, most obvious interpretation of the sentence above. And a couple other good ones. Conway is one of those people who crop up every so often to make the world interesting and to shake things up a bit for complacent scholars... We need more people like him! Curious story from the LA Times : EBay goes far to fight fraud -- all the way to Romania The country is the top source of organized scams on the auction site. The company has sent over equipment and a team to help the authorities there. RAMNICU VALCEA, ROMANIA -- This small industrial center in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains is not Albena Spasova's favorite destination. Driving the twisting highway makes her ill. Once she arrives, danger lurks. U.S. Secret Service agents escort her, for her safety. Over the last two years, they have kept watch on dozens of trips, some lasting weeks, others months, as she has spent long days foraging through case files with local police and long nights holed up in one of the town's few hotels, with her windows locked. "You don't know who to trust there. You can't use the hotel phone line. When you step outside, you can spot the local hackers in their cars, circling around," said Spasova, 33. "The Secret Service agents always book my accommodation and make sure I'm in a room next to them." Ramnicu Valcea is an improbable capital of anything, but this obscure town is a global center of Internet and credit card fraud. And Spasova is an accomplished online fraud buster, helping to take down cyber-crime gangs across Romania. She isn't an FBI agent, though, nor a Romanian police officer. Spasova works for EBay. No one, it turns out, does Internet auction fraud like the Romanians. Bulgarians specialize in intellectual property theft; Ukraine is a leader in online credit card crime; the Russians have a profitable niche in Internet dating fraud. But when it comes to online auctions, particularly for big-ticket items such as cars that can yield $5,000 a scam, Romanians own the game. Romanian police estimate that cyber-crime is now a multimillion-dollar national industry, as important to organized criminals here as drug smuggling or human trafficking. The Internet Crime Complaint Center, a partnership between the FBI and the National White Collar Crime Center, ranks Romania fifth in its table of naughty nations. But most experts agree that doesn't give Romanian criminals their due. Much of the cash being made on auction fraud reported as originating in the U.S., Canada, Britain, Spain or Italy is actually being picked up in those countries by Romanian money mules. An EBay fraud ring busted last year in Chicago, for example, has been traced to Pitesti, Romania. Interestingly enough, Romania is also home to some stellar anti-virus and computer security products. BitDefender is one example. I am on several internet forums for various topics and there is always the occasional post about someone trying to sell an expensive item in eBay and getting a fishy offer for it -- a cashiers check with a courier picking up the item. The few times these transactions have completed, the bank notifies the seller a week or so later that the cashiers check was a forgery and the seller is S.O.L. for the money and the item. Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) A wonderful dinner The Beef was roasted and the shrimp were devoured. Plates were cleaned and a good time was had by all. It is snowing now, about an inch or two accumulation so very much a White Christmas. Dishes are in the dishwasher, just took Dad home and now am surfing for a bit, finishing off a bottle of wine and feeling very full and mellow... Posted by DaveH at 8:35 PM | Comments (0) Such a peach - Kim Jong-Il I cannot understand why people don't like him. From Yahoo/AFP : N Korean leader even fixes TVs for beloved troops: state media North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il has such "paternal love" for his troops that he even checks the TV reception and room temperature in their barracks, state media said Monday. "Today, the soldiers of the Korean People's Army revere and follow leader Kim Jong-Il rather as their father than as the supreme commander," said a eulogy carried by the official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) to mark the 16th anniversary of Kim's assuming the top command. Kim paid scrupulous attention to the needs of his soldiers, "showing them warmer affection than their own parents would," it said. The agency cited his actions in fixing the TV reception for a women's unit located in a deep valley; encouraging sketching by the troops; replacing threadbare winter uniforms; and even checking the room temperature and water quality while inspecting bedrooms and bathhouses. "Immeasurable is the warmth of his parental love for the soldiers," KCNA added. Meanwhile, the nation is without sufficient food, water or power. The elite live very well while the poor starve. The government makes its money by counterfeiting US currency and munitions sales to terrorist nations and groups. They did set off a nuke and although it was more of a dud than a sauces, who knows about the second one. Nice people... Posted by DaveH at 1:40 PM | Comments (0) Google Trends on this day Thanks to Gerard Vanderleun for this link to Google Trends Google Trends monitors what people are searching for on Google and presents the top ten: Click for full-size image. C'mon folks - a little planning is called for... I love that Microsoft's Zune is number four with a search on how to set it up. Must be really intuitive and easy to use... Posted by DaveH at 1:27 PM | Comments (0) December 24, 2007 And to all, a good night... Going out to the Dave Cave(tm) to work on some stuff and then, calling it an early evening. We are having my Dad and one of our neighbors over for a roast beef dinner tomorrow. Shrimp Cocktail, Salad, the Beef, oven roasted Parsnips and some wonderful Chocolate Mousse Cakes that a local baker does. Now that the Mt. Baker Ski Area has opened, things have been really busy at the store so it will be great to have a day off tomorrow. To all of you, Have a Fantastic Christmas and a Happy New Year! Posted by DaveH at 8:06 PM | Comments (0) Pulling the tail of a sleeping Lion Not generally a good thing to do. Bill Whittle ... Well, I'll just let Bill set this up for you: A BRIEF LESSON IN ELEMENTARY SELF-DEFENSE A few nights ago, just before bedtime, I was swimming a final blog lap for the day and came upon an entry at my friend Rand Simberg�s blog, Transterrestrial Musings . It was a simple comment about Mike Huckabee�s plan to be �energy free by 2017.� Rand was merely pointing out that a commenter had made the coveted Simpsons Nerd / Physics Nerd / Political Nerd trifecta: �In this campaign we obey the laws of thermodynamics!� Ha-ha! And now a quick scan of the comments before off to bed� �and I find the following � apropos of precisely nothing � nasty little cut-and-paste slash job: Have you considered the possibility yet that you might be ignorant American redneck hillbilly fascists? Analysis of these seven regimes reveals fourteen common threads that link them in recognizable patterns of national behavior and abuse of power. These basic characteristics are more prevalent and intense in some regimes than in others, but they all share at least some level of similarity. 1. Powerful and continuing expressions of nationalism. From the prominent displays of flags and bunting to the ubiquitous lapel pins, the fervor to show patriotic nationalism, both on the part of the regime itself and of citizens caught up in its frenzy, was always obvious. Catchy slogans, pride in the military, and demands for unity were common themes in expressing this nationalism. It was usually coupled with a suspicion of things foreign that often bordered on xenophobia. 2. Disdain for the importance of human rights. The regimes themselves viewed human rights as of little value and a hindrance to realizing the objectives of the ruling elite. Through clever use of propaganda, the population was brought to accept these human rights abuses by marginalizing, even demonizing, those being targeted. When abuse was egregious, the tactic was to use secrecy, denial, and disinformation. 3. Identification of enemies/scapegoats as a unifying cause. The most significant common thread among these regimes was the use of scapegoating as a means to divert the people�s attention from other problems, to shift blame for failures, and to channel frustration in controlled directions. The methods of choice�relentless propaganda and disinformation�were usually effective. Often the regimes would incite �spontaneous� acts against the target scapegoats, usually communists, socialists, liberals, Jews, ethnic and racial minorities, traditional national enemies, members of other religions, secularists, homosexuals, and �terrorists.� Active opponents of these regimes were inevitably labeled as terrorists and dealt with accordingly. The poster's cut-and-paste screed (came from here actually)went on for a while. Bill decided to reply: Now I see this sort of nonsense all the time. But for some reason, the sheer inappropriateness of it � the random, smug, bastardousity of it just got to me. I am somewhat ashamed to say it woke my inner Balrog: And so, despite the lateness of the hour, I responded on the fly and wrote this (with three or four additional sentences added this evening): Carl Sagan, when responding in detail to the obvious lunacy in Velikovsky�s WORLDS IN COLLISION thesis, said that doing so �sharpened the mind for useful work." I don�t really have the time to do this correctly, but just as something to do over a milk and cookie before bed: American, have you considered the possibility you might be a f**king idiot? 1. Powerful and continuing expressions of nationalism. During WWII, �Powerful and continuing expressions of nationalism� were indeed common in Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan. They were identically common in the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. If patriotic displays are the sign of fascism and anti-fascism equally, then it seems to me you have proven nothing. 2. Disdain for the importance of human rights. Nowhere on the planet is there greater legal protection of individual rights than in ignorant redneck hillbilly fascist America. The Bill of Rights, with its iron-clad protections against self-incrimination and double-jeopardy (not to mention the writ of habeas corpus and the presumption of innocence), have never been matched in human history. And these protections are being strengthened, rather than weakened over time, as confessional protections and Miranda rights clearly show. 3. Identification of enemies/scapegoats as a unifying cause. Two concepts; let�s take them separately. Identification of Enemies: Al Qaeda was identified � rather slyly on our part � by the fact that they flew airplanes into Manhattan and Washington and then took credit for it. If that does not clear your bar as a realistic and accurate measure of a real � not imaginary � enemy, then you fail the Reasonable Man test. This will comes as more of a shock to you than it does to us. Second, a �scapegoat� is used to focus the rage of a group or individual on another to make up for slights and humiliations. It is the refuge of a loser� such as humiliated Germany in the 20�s and 30�s. The United States, you museum-grade idiot, is the most successful society in history: not just economically and militarily (as if that wasn�t enough) but also as the undisputed leader in science and technology, the arts, music, film and overall cultural influence. There has never been a people less in need of a scapegoat than Americans. YOU, however, are a loser. And your search for a scapegoat is rather pathetically unraveling. Bill proceeds to demolish each line-item of this persons 14 points and then closes with this excellent observation and idea: Now I only copy this exchange here for one reason: Many people hear or read something like �american�s� rant and think that because it is structured and literate there must be something to it. How many college students today, when presented with such nonsense, would read it and think that they are approaching the days of a Nazi state? Lots. Damn it! Lots of them would. Why? Because, like the 9/11 conspiracy �troofers,� no one bothers to call these people out. Thinking about this response took half again as long as actually typing it did: which is to say a few minutes. That is because I know how far from reality this diatribe is. These are things I think about every day, and likely, so do you. Realizing from scratch that his point was absurd, the specifics were easy. We can no longer afford to let this anti-American garbage pass unchallenged. As a kind and secure people, we tend to let a lot of this go under the bridge, but this kind of crap gets more and more traction, and those days I think must come to an end for a while. Now normally I do not employ personal ridicule, but I was writing in the heat of the moment and I thought it was no less than such a puerile attempt deserved. These people need to be challenged, factually defeated, thrashed, and mocked. There was a time when common sense was prevalent enough that arguments this absurd would be laughed at on the street. I mean to return to those times, one self-righteous idiot at a time. Wonderful words and a wonderful solution -- to be mocked burns deeply. It might just prompt these jackasses to actually think (shudder). Posted by DaveH at 6:58 PM Church fundraising - the Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30) Very clever was to raise money for a church. The Pastor delivers the weekly homily on the Parable of the Talents and then hands each of his 1,700 odd parishioners an envelope with $50 and tells them to double it within seven weeks. From AOL/AP : Pastor's Challenge Shocks Congregation The Rev. Hamilton Coe Throckmorton shivered with anticipation as he gazed at the loot - wads of $50 bills piled high beside boxes of crayons in a Sunday school classroom. Cautiously, he locked the door. Then he started counting. It was a balmy Friday evening in September. From several floors below faint melodies drifted up - the choir practicing for Sunday service. Throckmorton was oblivious. For hours, perched awkwardly on child-sized wooden stools surrounded by biblical murals and children's drawings, the pastor and a handful of coconspirators concentrated on the count. Forty-thousand dollars. Throckmorton smiled in satisfaction as he stashed the money in a safe. That Sunday, the 52-year-old minister donned his creamy white robes, swept to the pulpit and delivered one of the most extraordinary sermons of his life. First he read from the Gospel of Matthew. "And unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his ability." Then he explained the parable of the talents, which tells of the rich master who entrusts three servants with a sum of money - "talents" - and instructs them to go forth and do good. The master lavishes praise on the two servants who double their money. But he casts into the wilderness the one so afraid to take a risk that he buries his share. Throckmorton spends up to 20 hours working on his weekly homily, and his clear diction, contemplative message and ringing voice command the church. Gazing down from the pulpit that Sunday, Throckmorton dropped his bombshell. Like the master, he would entrust each adult with a sum of money - in this case, $50. Church members had seven weeks to find ways to double their money, the proceeds to go toward church missions. "Live the parable of the talents!" Throckmorton exhorted, as assistants handed out hundreds of red envelops stuffed with crisp $50 bills and stunned church members did quick mental calculations, wondering where all the money had come from. There are about 1,700 in the congregation, though not everyone attends each week. The cash, Throckmorton explained, was loaned by several anonymous donors. And it worked: "There was definitely this tension, this pressure to live up to something," said Hal Maskiell, a 62-year-old retired Navy pilot who spent days trying to figure out how to meet the challenge. Maskiell's passion is flying a four-seater Cessna 172 Skyhawk over the Cuyahoga County hills. He decided to use his $50 to rent air time from Portage County airport and charge $30 for half-hour rides. Church members eagerly signed up. Maskiell was thrilled to get hours of flying time, and he raised $700. His girlfriend, Kathy Marous, 55, was far less confident. What talents do I have, she thought dejectedly. She was tempted to give the money back. And then Marous found an old family recipe for tomato soup, one she hadn't made in 19 years. She remembered how much she had enjoyed the chopping and the cooking and the canning and the smells. With Hal's encouragement Marous dug out her pots. She bought three pecks of tomatoes. Suddenly she was chopping and cooking and canning again. At $5 a jar, she made $180. Bunch of other stories - one guy sold rides on his Harley, people did crafts -- knitting, origami, one person sold "chicken shares" -- people would pay and receive three dozen eggs and a photo of the hen. The initial count was $38K over the original $40K distributed and money is still trickling in. Sweet story and clever fundraising idea... Posted by DaveH at 6:37 PM | Comments (0) A Pig's Tale A wonderful story about Chitlin, the pet pig over at Atomic Nerds. Caution - multiple drink alert - it hurts when you snort a decent Merlot out your nose... Year of the Pig Michele blogs about expectations of Christmas as being perfect and Rockwellian, versus the reality of something more resembling a wacky Christmas movie. I never really had any expectations of a Rockwellian Christmas. The few memories I do have of Christmases before my parents� divorce (I was seven) are of imperfect holidays- Grandma was over and she was riding Mom for something, the Christmas tree went over after cats chased each other up it (or I pulled it over), always something. After the divorce, Christmas day was divided between Dad�s house- always fraught, since my stepmother made no bones about hating my guts, and liked to use holidays to underline her contempt- and Mom�s. The bits that weren�t spent under my stepmother�s just-drop-dead glare were imperfect, but nice; presents were opened Christmas morning, then there was hot chocolate, tea, pajamas all day (until I had to go over to Dad�s), and reading whatever looked the most promising out of the books given that year. Some years are more imperfect than others. First, a little background: When I was maybe eleven or twelve, for reasons that seem unfathomable to me now, my mother and I thought it would be a fun idea to get a pet pot-bellied pig. They were exotic, they were all the rage, and being the precocious little animal-lover I was, I had read all about how intelligent and social they were. Which indeed they are- the great pig saga was my first introduction to the lesson every pet keeper needs, which is that high intelligence is often a drawback rather than a plus in a pet, and social means a lot of things. At the time, we were fairly naive when it comes to obtaining animals; we still thought newspaper classifieds were a great way to find a breeder. We used the classifieds and found a breeder in a nearby county, who traveled into town to sell us a piglet. At the time, we had no idea that during the height of the pot-bellied pig craze, it was a common scam tactic for unscrupulous breeders to pass a cross of the small, docile, expensive potbelly and a big, mean, cheap farm pig off as a purebred potbelly to prospective suckers who wouldn�t be able to tell the difference. As the cute little black piglet we brought home that day wound up growing to more than 200 pounds of ornery pork, it is very likely we were the suckers in this scenario. We named him Chitlin, short for the chitterlings (stewed, boiled, and then maybe fried bits of pig intestine) common in the region of Lousiana my mother grew up in. That we found this hliarious tells you something about my mother and me, and also perhaps explains why Chitlin grew up with a grudge against humanity. As a piglet, like many young animals that undergo a radical personality shift as adults, he was every bit the charming pet we had been led to expect he would be. He was a litterbox-trained housepet who liked to sleep next to the bed, and LOVED to snuggle in a beanbag. He was easily trained, as he�d do anything for food. For about two years, Chitlin was an adored, if unusual, companion. And things rapidly devolve into chaos. Quite the story! Posted by DaveH at 6:25 PM | Comments (0) December 23, 2007 No posting tonight (except for this one) Had a fairly busy day at the store today. I want to automate our video rental system -- the previous owners had it all done with 2-part forms and odd little slips of paper. Needless to say, I am computerizing it. I found some excellent software ( Video-Vision Plus ) for about $500 but getting the 1,600+ disks into it was daunting to say the least. Fortunately, Video-Vision Plus plays nice with another app called Movie Collector and for $199.00, I bought the package including their Movie software as well as their Music CD and Book apps plus the coolest little barcode scanner I have seen in a while. It uses MEMS to direct the laser beam and will store 500 barcodes. I scan a bunch of videos, run upstairs to the office computer, plug it in an hit Search and the software will go to the Collectorz database as well as IMDB, Amazon.US, UK, JP as well as several other DVD databases. It will not only download the movie title, it also gets the actors, director, author, composer, plot synopsis, etc... Even a copy of the cover artwork. Video-Vision imports Movie Collector databases including the cover pics... How cool is that!!! The collector software is really nice, stable and well written. Any of their versions (DVD, CD, Book, Comic, Game, MP3 or Photo is only $39 - well worth it... After work, Jen and I drive into town, kidnapped my Dad and we drove about an hour south to Stanwood, WA, home of " The Lights of Christmas" " They advertised over a Million Lights and I believe that. WOW! $12 to get in, we looked at most of the stuff, had a draft horse carriage ride, had a tractor pulled wagon ride, scritched some goats and sheep and had some of their signature fresh doughnuts with some hot chocolate. All in all, we spent about two hours. We could have spent some more time (didn't see everything) but Dad was getting a bit tired and so were we... The site is a Christian Camp and we were worried that it might be "preachy" but it was not. There were a few signs with relevant quotes from Scripture and Psalms but the words were appropriate to the setting and there was no proselytizing. A really nice vibe for everyone. Posted by DaveH at 11:27 PM David Byrne on the Music "Business" Excellent and clear breakdown of the traditional and current music business with explanations of the various types of contracts and how you, as the musician, can get screwed. From Wired : David Byrne's Survival Strategies for Emerging Artists � and Megastars Full disclosure: I used to own a record label. That label, Luaka Bop, still exists, though I'm no longer involved in running it. My last record came out through Nonesuch, a subsidiary of the Warner Music Group empire. I have also released music through indie labels like Thrill Jockey, and I have pressed up CDs and sold them on tour. I tour every few years, and I don't see it as simply a loss leader for CD sales. So I have seen this business from both sides. I've made money, and I've been ripped off. I've had creative freedom, and I've been pressured to make hits. I have dealt with diva behavior from crazy musicians, and I have seen genius records by wonderful artists get completely ignored. I love music. I always will. It saved my life, and I bet I'm not the only one who can say that. What is called the music business today, however, is not the business of producing music. At some point it became the business of selling CDs in plastic cases, and that business will soon be over. But that's not bad news for music, and it's certainly not bad news for musicians. Indeed, with all the ways to reach an audience, there have never been more opportunities for artists. And a bit more on "the business of selling CDs in plastic cases" This was the system that evolved over the past century to market the product, which is to say the container � vinyl, tape, or disc � that carried the music. (Calling the product music is like selling a shopping cart and calling it groceries.) Like he says, the traditional model has been eclipsed by technology. Where you used to require $15K of session time in a big studio, you can now do the same quality of work with a couple thousand bucks worth of off-the-shelf hardware (microphones, mixer, signal processors, monitor speakers, software) and a decent computer. The cost to duplicate is minimal - in thousand quantities, you can get bare disks professionally duplicated for well under 50�/piece and going whole hog with 4-color printed disks, an insert, jewel cases and shrink-wrapped package, you are still only looking at about $1.80 or so. Set up a My Space page and there you go! Posted by DaveH at 3:24 PM | Comments (0) Walking with bears It seems that the brown bears in Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula aren't as aggressive as the US Grizzlies. There is a wonderful little photo gallery at English Russia with some of these critters getting along just fine with some humans. Here is one photo: Hey buddy, you gonna eat that fish? Cute! Posted by DaveH at 1:47 PM | Comments (0) Smoking ban - one solution There is now a smoking ban in restaurants in Germany. One restaurateur came up with this novel work-around. From Der Spiegel : Restaurateur Introduces Smoking Hole A restaurateur in Lower Saxony has refused to be deterred by the state's new ban on smoking in bars and restaurants: He has sawed three holes in the wall so patrons can smoke "outside." A German restaurateur has come up with a novel solution to a new ban on smoking in restaurants: He has made three holes in the wall of his restaurant so that customers can smoke "outside." Whatever the bureaucrats can come up with, there is always an inventive mind that can circumvent the new law (but it's for our own good 'ya see...) Posted by DaveH at 1:22 PM | Comments (0) December 22, 2007 Happy Solstice 2007 Tomorrow will have about three minutes more daylight than today. Living this far north, these things matter... Today's Astronomy Photo of the Day sums it up: Tyrrhenian Sea and Solstice Sky Credit & Copyright : Danilo Pivato Explanation: Today the Solstice occurs at 0608 Universal Time, the Sun reaching its southernmost declination in planet Earth's sky. Of course, the December Solstice marks the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the south. When viewed from northern latitudes, the Sun will make its lowest arc through the sky along the southern horizon. So in the north, the Solstice day has the shortest length of time between sunrise and sunset and fewest hours of daylight. This striking composite image follows the Sun's path through the December Solstice day of 2005 in a beautiful blue sky, looking down the Tyrrhenian Sea coast from Santa Severa toward Fiumicino, Italy. The view covers about 115 degrees in 43 separate, well-planned exposures from sunrise to sunset. Visit the Astronomy Picture of the Day for a full-sized version of this gorgeous image. Danilo has some other wonderful images on his own website: Danilo Pivato Posted by DaveH at 9:36 PM | Comments (0) Michael Jackson - plastic surgery failure I guess that too much of something can be really bad for you. A few weeks ago, photos of M.J. were circulating around the internet -- he was in the Las Vegas Barnes & Noble shopping with his three kids. He wore large dark glasses, a cape with a hood pulled over his head and lots of bandages on his face. Had he recently had additional surgery? Yes it turns out but for a different reason -- from the UK Daily Mail's Metro website : Jackson's lips 'burst and collapsed' The mystery behind the horror pictures of Michael Jackson's bandaged and plastered face has been revealed. The 49-year-old singer was reportedly forced to have emergency surgery after his five-year-old son accidentally smacked him in the face, bursting and collapsing his lips, a source reveals. 'He was whacked in the face accidentally by his younger son Prince Michael II while playing around and part of Jackson's upper lip collapsed.' 'That mishap led an hysterical' Jacko to make a beeline for the plastic surgeon for a bit of quickie repair work' the insider claims. At the beginning of week, shocking pictures were floated on the internet showing the 'Bad' singer trying to conceal a mouth smothered in plasters under sunglasses and a hat. Sheesh - I would hate to think of what the tissue must be like to be that friable. Must have been quite the shock to the kid too - you are playing with daddy and all of a sudden, his face falls apart with the attendant gout of blood. Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM Unique Nuclear Reactors An interesting list from the Energy Information Administration . Here is the first entry talking about the first electrical power ever generated by a reactor back in December, 1951: Unique Reactors In this ordinary-looking photograph, taken in Idaho in December 1951, the reader is witnessing a technological breakthrough that will change history. The light bulbs are quite ordinary but they rely on the Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 for their source of power. Years later, President Eisenhower will launch the international "Atoms for Peace" program. Idaho's National Energy and Environmental Engineering Lab web site provides a film of the EBR-1 in action. 1951: The EBR-1 and the Four Light Bulbs Idaho might not be the first State that comes to mind when people think about the atom, but "the Gem of the Mountains" has played a significant role in developing nuclear power for more than 50 years. In 1951, the National Reactor Testing Station (now known as the Idaho National Energy and Environmental Laboratory, or INEEL) used the world's first nuclear-provided electricity to light one of its buildings. The source of the power was the Station's Experimental Breeder Reactor-1 (EBR-1), a unit that continued in service until decommissioned in 1964. More information on the EBR-1, including tours at the museum site, and on the lab's other projects, can be obtained on the INEEL web site. Nuclear power generation is the single best way to cut CO2 emissions. The fuel is cheap, abundant and the cost of operation is minimal. The waste is radioactive but the technology for safekeeping is available now. Coal ash is more toxic in the long term. From the Kitsap Sun : Strange Santa Scene Makes Bremerton Man's Comment on Christmas Santa's keeping watch over a West Bremerton neighborhood in a way that has some offended and everyone else at least a bit curious about the motive. In the front yard of a house on the 300 block of Olympic Avenue stands a crucifix about 15-feet tall, bearing Santa Claus in place of Jesus. Jake Tally of Bremerton walked by the display Friday and chuckled, but didn't pretend to understand the message. "I don't really know what to think. I know it's about God but Santa has nothing to do with it," he said. Nearby neighbors were mixed with their reviews Friday. One woman said she was offended. Another said she feared how children might respond. One man said he thought perhaps the homeowner was displaying a message about the commercialization of Christmas. Art Conrad, who owns the home and put up the display, said the commercialization angle is the number one impetus for the display, but he's also making a statement about political correctness. That he finds Santa on a cross a hilarious juxtaposition fits in the list of motives, too. A bit more: He created it by stuffing a Santa suit and borrowing the head off a motion-activated Santa that dances and sings Christmas carols. The headless dancing Santa now carries a knife and sings and dances on Conrad's front porch. Conrad photographed the crucified Santa and created his own Christmas cards, one with the message, "Santa died for your MasterCard." "Santa has been perverted from who he started out to be," Conrad said. "Now he's the person being used by corporations to get us to buy more stuff." Conrad said the second message comes from his belief that people are so afraid of being politically incorrect that they won't do anything because of what other people might think or what the American Civil Liberties Union might do. Heh -- almost worth driving the couple hours to check it out. Bremerton is a big Navy town - working class but nice. Posted by DaveH at 7:37 PM | Comments (0) December 21, 2007 Headline News from Exeter University : Exeter mathematician solves traffic jam mystery Mathematicians from the University of Exeter have solved the mystery of traffic jams by developing a model to show how major delays occur on our roads, with no apparent cause. Many traffic jams leave drivers baffled as they finally reach the end of a tail-back to find no visible cause for their delay. Now, a team of mathematicians from the Universities of Exeter, Bristol and Budapest, have found the answer and published their findings in leading academic journal Proceedings of the Royal Society. The team developed a mathematical model to show the impact of unexpected events such as a lorry pulling out of its lane on a dual carriageway. Their model revealed that slowing down below a critical speed when reacting to such an event, a driver would force the car behind to slow down further and the next car back to reduce its speed further still. The result of this is that several miles back, cars would finally grind to a halt, with drivers oblivious to the reason for their delay. The model predicts that this is a very typical scenario on a busy highway (above 10�15 vehicles per km). The jam moves backwards through the traffic creating a so-called �backward travelling wave�, which drivers may encounter many miles upstream, several minutes after it was triggered. Dr G�bor Orosz of the University of Exeter�s School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, said: �As many of us prepare to travel long distances to see family and friends over Christmas, we�re likely to experience the frustration of getting stuck in a traffic jam that seems to have no cause. Our model shows that overreaction of a single driver can have enormous impact on the rest of the traffic, leading to massive delays.� Drivers and policy-makers have not previously known why jams like this occur, though many have put it down to the sheer volume of traffic. While this clearly plays a part in this new theory, the main issue is around the smoothness of traffic flow. According to the model, heavy traffic will not automatically lead to congestion but can be smooth-flowing. This model takes into account the time-delay in drivers� reactions, which lead to drivers braking more heavily than would have been necessary had they identified and reacted to a problem ahead a second earlier. Dr. Orosz' staff website is here , personal website here . Related article in Science Daily . One slight problem... Nine years ago, Bill Beaty, Seattle scientist and Geek Extraordinaire published this article on his website analyzing the problem of traffic waves, showing the reason for their formation and showing an incredibly simple cure for them: TRAFFIC WAVES SOMETIMES ONE DRIVER CAN VASTLY IMPROVE TRAFFIC. I live in Seattle and my two daily commutes last about 45 minutes. (That's when I'm lucky; sometimes it's more like two hours each.) This has given me an immense amount of time for watching the interesting patterns in the cars. Boredom led me to fantasize about the traffic being like a flowing liquid, with cars acting as giant water molecules. Over many months I slowly realized that this was not just a fantasy. Why had I never noticed all the "traffic fluid dynamics" out there? Once my brain became sensitized to it, I started seeing quite a variety of interesting things occurring. Eventually I started using my car to poke at the flowing traffic. Observation eventually leads to experimentation, no? There are amazing things you can do as an "amateur traffic dynamicist." You can drive like an "anti-rubbernecker" and erase slowdowns created by other drivers. But first, some basic phenomena. A bit more directly addressing the spontaneous formation of these waves. NOT CAUSED BY ACCIDENTS These sorts of travelling waves are common during heavy traffic conditions. An accident isn't needed to create them, sometimes they are caused by near-misses, by people cutting each other off, by merging lanes at a construction site, or simply by extra cars entering from an on-ramp. In traffic engineering lingo, they can be caused by "incidents" on the highway. A single "rubbernecker" could cause one by momentarily stopping to look at something interesting. Whenever you slow way down in order to merge across a lane to get to your upcoming exit, YOU could create one. Sometimes the traffic waves have have no real cause at all . They appear because tiny random motions can trigger large results. They are like sand ripples and sand dunes, and they just build up for no clear reason. They are like ocean waves caused by the steady breeze, or like the waves which move along a flapping flag. They just "emerge" spontaneously from the writheing lines of traffic. In the science of Nonlinear Dynamics this is called an EMERGENT PHENOMENON ." This is rather odd as a Google Search for traffic wave (singular) turns up over 700,000 hits and Bill's site is number three and number four on the ranking. A search for traffic waves (plural) turns up over 170,000 hits and Bill's is number one and two on the ranking with additional links to his site starting around number ten. Surely a little research could have turned up this perfect example of Prior Art. From the Chicago Tribune/AP : Roofing company billionaire dies after falling through roof The 91st richest man in the U.S., a roofing company billionaire, has died after falling through his home garage's roof, local authorities said Friday. Ken Hendricks, 66, was checking on construction on the roof over his garage at his home in the town of Rock Thursday night when he fell through, Rock County Sheriff's Department commander Troy Knudson said. He suffered massive head injuries, according to his company, ABC Supply Co. Hendricks' wife called authorities and attempted CPR on her husband, he said. Hendricks was taken first to a Beloit hospital and then transferred to Rockford Memorial Hospital in Winnebago County, Illinois. He was pronounced dead there early Friday morning, Winnebago County coroner Sue Fiduccia said. An autopsy is planned for Friday. The ABC Supply web page is here . Sad story... Posted by DaveH at 6:36 PM December 20, 2007 As England circles the drain - popular children's names With twits like Rowan Williams running the show, it's not exactly rocket science to see that it's being overrun by Muslims. A slow war but a war none the less. Another article at The Telegraph : Mohammed to overtake Jack as favourite name Mohammed is on track to become the most popular boys' name in England and Wales by next year. The name was second only to Jack in 2007, which has been top for the last 13 years. But there were just 385 more children called Jack and because of the high birth rate among Muslim families, the name is set to become the most popular boy's name by next year. While Mohammed is in 17th place, its position would be number two if all 14 variant spellings of the name were taken into account. While 6,772 boys were called Jack, 6,387 were called Mohammed or a variant. A lot of these people are good people but the Wahabbists, the power-hungry theocrats who foment terror and oppression are following the prophet of Satan. Our great friends the English are turning a cultural blind eye toward this reality and things are going to get a lot worse everywhere before they get better. Why is it that each War is the "War to end all wars" - sometimes we are such stupid creatures it's amazing that we exist at all... Posted by DaveH at 7:41 PM | Comments (0) Hits bottom and keeps digging - Archbishop of Canterbury Dr. Rowan Williams should be truly ashamed of himself. From The Telegraph : Archbishop says nativity 'a legend' The Archbishop of Canterbury said yesterday that the Christmas story of the Three Wise Men was nothing but a 'legend'. Dr Rowan Williams has claimed there was little evidence that the Magi even existed and there was certainly nothing to prove there were three of them or that they were kings. He said the only reference to the wise men from the East was in Matthew's gospel and the details were very vague. Dr Williams said: "Matthew's gospel says they are astrologers, wise men, priests from somewhere outside the Roman Empire, that's all we're really told. It works quite well as legend." The Archbishop went on to dispel other details of the Christmas story, adding that there were probably no asses or oxen in the stable. He argued that Christmas cards which showed the Virgin Mary cradling the baby Jesus, flanked by shepherds and wise men, were misleading. As for the scenes that depicted snow falling in Bethlehem, the Archbishop said the chance of this was "very unlikely". Christ on a corn dog -- next, this twit will be saying that the tooth fairy doesn't exist and that Santa is a myth too. Of course the events of the nativity can never be known, they are mysteries. Each of the elements of the nativity story is a metaphor for part of the spiritual journey and together, they form a very touching story. What is his next utterance, how next will he try to destroy the beauty of this religion. A big tip of the hat to Maggie's Farm for the link and one of the commenters there echos my thoughts exactly: It is another example of how liberalism has infected Christianity. The Bible has a name for men like the Archbishop-false teacher! Scripture implies that false teachers and prophets will be judged more harshly. My question is how can men like him not see that? Aren't they the least bit concerned that they may in fact be teaching false doctrine? Of course the Bible warns about that also. So true... Posted by DaveH at 6:56 PM | Comments (0) Never underestimate the power of a geek with whois A bit of a brew-ha-ha at the Clinton campaign headquarters. From ABC News : Clinton Launches Obama Attack Web Sites Clinton Campaign Registered Names of Two Web Sites to Attack Ill. Senator ABC News has learned that the campaign of Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N.Y., has registered the names of two Web sites with the express goal of attacking her chief rival, Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill. It's the first time this election cycle a presidential campaign has launched a Web site with the express purpose of of launching serious criticisms on a rival. Votingpresent.com and Votingpresent.org are domains hosted by the same IP address as official Clinton Web sites, such TheHillaryIKnow.com, which was launched with much fanfare this week. The Clinton campaign intends to use these new Web sites to paint Obama as cowardly. You think that someone at their IT department would have had the basic sense to use a different ISP to host this site... Sheesh! A few seconds with whois and it's patently obvious who is behind this. Posted by DaveH at 6:48 PM Eating Gluten Free A percentage of the population are unable to digest the gluten found in Wheat, Rye and Barley grains. Symptoms include lower GI tract distress and diarrhea. ( here and here ) At the store, we already carry a lot of gluten free foods but I am looking for more sources for pre-made products like breads and cereals. I found a very good site: Don Wiss He also maintains the Gluten Free Links website as well as a links to vendors that is very useful. Woman Ticketed After Goats Caught Mating DIBBLE, Okla. -- Some "goats gone wild" are the talk of a small Oklahoma town. A woman received two tickets after her goats were caught mating and relieving themselves on her own yard. City law said it is illegal for any two animals to have sex in public within Dibble city limits. It's also against law for them to relieve themselves in public even if the animal is fenced in on private land. The owner was shocked when she heard the charges. �I kind of thought if anyone was caught having sex in public, it could have been me,� Carol Medenhall said. The woman fought the tickets and won partially because she didn't know she lived within city limits. Her land was recently annexed by the city, located south of Oklahoma City, but she claims no one told her. Nanny state-ism gone overboard... You can have stock but they can't be animals. Posted by DaveH at 7:38 AM | Comments (0) Black sheep of the family - Clinton's brother You think that they could have made this little 'issue' go away... From the NY Post : HILL'S BROTHER A DEADBEAT OWES 158G IN KID SUPPORT & ALIMONY Hillary Rodham Clinton's youngest sibling is a deadbeat dad who owes tens of thousands of dollars in child support to his politically connected ex, The Post has learned. In a disclosure that could prove embarrassing for his sister, Anthony Rodham has stiffed his former wife, Nicole Boxer, out of $75,000 in child support, as well as $55,000 in alimony, a source close to the case said. Including interest and various fees and expenses, the presidential candidate's brother now owes Boxer - the daughter of Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) - more than $158,000, the source said. The revelation that Rodham is delinquent with his payments won't be a welcome development for Hillary Clinton, coming as the too-close-to-call battle for the Democratic presidential nomination reaches a fevered pitch and with the first votes to be cast in Iowa in exactly two weeks. As Senator Clinton's campaign softly implodes. Couldn't happen to a nicer family... When the United States of America does elect its first Female President, it will not be such a controlling harpy. Posted by DaveH at 7:29 AM | Comments (0) Down and out in Silicon Valley - SUN Microsystems How the mighty have fallen. A set of photos from Abandoned but not Forgotten of the headquarters of SUN Microsystems. Here are three photos starting with a before from the 1980's: Many more at the site... Posted by DaveH at 6:59 AM | Comments (0) December 19, 2007 Upcoming movies for 2008 Looks like it will be a fun year to spend at the movies. From First Showing : Why 2008 Will Be An Awesome Year For Movies In August of last year we ran a controversial look at 43 reasons why 2007 would be a great year for movies. Now that 2007 has nearly come and gone and almost all of those 43 movies have been released, it's time to look ahead at 2008. The last 12 months have played a major part in building the hype for most of the movies mentioned and I can now say that 2008 looks way more appealing at this moment than 2007 did at the same time last year. This could be the year that we see revolutionary new changes in Hollywood, not only as the Writers Strike ends but as we encounter films like Cloverfield, Speed Racer, and The Dark Knight. Let's take look at 54 reasons why 2008 will be an awesome year for movies and an even better year than 2007. Some of them look really intriguing: Burn After Reading Release Date: Late 2008 Director: Joel Coen & Ethan Coen (O Brother, Where Art Thou?, The Ladykillers, No Country for Old Men) Starring: George Clooney, John Malkovich, Brad Pitt, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton Synopsis: A disk containing the memoirs of a CIA agent ends up in the hands of two unscrupulous gym employees who attempt to sell it. The Hype: After directing one of 2007's most critically acclaimed movies, No Country for Old Men, the Coen's are already back finishing up Burn After Reading, and it seems like it could be another brilliant film. Posted by DaveH at 9:39 PM | Comments (0) December 18, 2007 A curious case of adoption The odds are amazing. From Grand Rapids, MI comes this story of a son finding his birth-mother : Adopted son finds birth mom at his workplace For years, Steve Flaig, a delivery truck driver at the Lowe's store on Plainfield Avenue, had searched for his birth mother. He found her working the cash register at the front of the store. For several months, he and Christine Tallady had known each other casually as co-workers. Last Friday they met for the first time as mother and son. "I have a complete family now, all my kids," said Tallady, who has two younger children. "It's a perfect time of year. It's the best Christmas present ever." For Flaig, it was the reunion he had dreamed of for much of his 22 years. He had always known he was adopted, and his parents, Pat and Lois Flaig, who raised him since his birth, supported his decision to search for his birth mother. It was a tough decision for Tallady, unmarried at the time, to give him up when he was born on Oct. 5, 1985, but "I wasn't ready to be a mother," she said. She left the adoption record open, figuring he might want to contact her someday, and she often thought of him, particularly on his birthday. But life went on. She got married, had two more kids. Four years ago, when Flaig turned 18, he asked DA Blodgett for Children, the agency that arranged his adoption, for his background information. A couple of months later, it came, including his birth mother's name. He searched the Internet for her address and came up empty. In October, around the time of his 22nd birthday, he took out the paperwork from DA Blodgett and realized he had been spelling his mother's surname wrong as "Talladay." He typed "Tallady" into a search engine and came up with an address on West River Drive less than a mile from the Lowe's store. He mentioned it to his boss, and she said, "You mean Chris Tallady, who works here?" He was stunned. "I was like, there's no possible way," he said. "It's just such a bizarre situation." He had been working at Lowe's for two years. She was hired in April as head cashier. How they met (DA Blodgett is the adoption agency): Last Wednesday, on his day off, Flaig happened to be driving past the DA Blodgett offices. He decided to stop in and tell them of his find. An employee there volunteered to call Tallady for him. Tallady, 45, was surprised to get the call at Lowe's. How did the DA Blodgett people know where she worked? "The first thing that crossed my mind is something was wrong with him," she said. Was he sick? Did he need a blood transfusion? "And then she said, 'Christine, he works with you,'" Tallady recalled. "It was a shock. I started crying. I figured he would call me sometime, but not like this." She sobbed a lot that day, tears of joy. Flaig called her later that day, and last Friday the two, who until then had occasionally said "hi" as coworkers do, met at the Cheers Good Time Saloon near the store. They hugged, sat and talked for 2 1/2 hours. What a great story... From The One Ring : PETER JACKSON AND NEW LINE CINEMA JOIN WITH MGM TO PRODUCE �THE HOBBIT� Academy Award-winning filmmaker Peter Jackson; Harry Sloan, Chairman and CEO, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (MGM); Bob Shaye and Michael Lynne, Co-Chairmen and Co-CEOs of New Line Cinema have jointly announced today that they have entered into the following series of agreements: * MGM and New Line will co-finance and co-distribute two films, �The Hobbit� and a sequel to �The Hobbit.� New Line will distribute in North America and MGM will distribute internationally. * Peter Jackson and Fran Walsh will serve as Executive Producers of two films based on �The Hobbit.� New Line will manage the production of the films, which will be shot simultaneously. * Peter Jackson and New Line have settled all litigation relating to the �Lord of the Rings� (LOTR) Trilogy. Said Peter Jackson, �I�m very pleased that we�ve been able to put our differences behind us, so that we may begin a new chapter with our old friends at New Line. �The Lord of the Rings� is a legacy we proudly share with Bob and Michael, and together, we share that legacy with millions of loyal fans all over the world. We are delighted to continue our journey through Middle Earth. I also want to thank Harry Sloan and our new friends at MGM for helping us find the common ground necessary to continue that journey.� �Peter Jackson has proven himself as the filmmaker who can bring the extraordinary imagination of Tolkien to life and we full heartedly agree with the fans worldwide who know he should be making �The Hobbit,�� said Sloan, MGM�s Chairman and CEO. �Now that we are all in agreement on �The Hobbit,� we can focus on assembling the production team that will capture this phenomenal tale on film.� Very cool!!! Posted by DaveH at 9:16 PM | Comments (0) Happy 20th Birthday - the Perl programming language A very happy birthday indeed to this wonderful toolkit for quick and dirty programming. From Wired: Dec. 18, 1987: Perl Simplifies the Labyrinth That Is Programming Language 1987: The first version of the Perl programming language is released. Perl was the brainchild of Larry Wall, a programmer at Unisys, who borrowed from existing languages, especially C, to create a general-purpose language intended originally to simplify text manipulation. Through constant upgrading Perl is now used for practically everything else as well, including all aspects of web development, system administration and networking. Perl went through a rapid series of upgrades -- less than seven years elapsed between versions 1.0 and 5.0 -- before the language was fully mature. Even at that, Perl 5 has been continuously tinkered with since 1994, with many additional features keeping Perl at the forefront of programming languages. Wall designed Perl to reflect the realities of modern computer programming. As the cost of hardware was dropping and computers became a central feature of everyday life, the cost of programmers soared. Perl's relative simplicity and flexibility helps wring the maximum amount of efficiency out of these highly skilled -- and highly paid -- individuals. Although the name Perl is sometimes said to stand for "Practical Extraction and Report Language," its actual origin is not so colorless: Wall originally intended to call his language Pearl, a reference to the Parable of the Pearl from the Gospel of Matthew. But a programming language called Pearl already existed, so Wall dropped the a to avoid confusion. The Wired article is based on this Wikipedia entry . My personal programming language is solder and copper wire -- I am not a software person but I have to say, Perl is really useful when I need something quick and dirty. A very good and well thought out language... Bidding is at $185 now otherwise I'd go for it... From eBay : Drive Someone Insane with Postcards When you care enough to send the very bewildering. Description You are bidding on a rare chance to traumatize a treasured friend or relative with baffling, mind-numbing, mystery correspondence from abroad. Here is the arrangement: I will be spending the Christmas holiday in Poland in a tiny village that has one church with no bell because angry Germans stole it. Aside from vodka, there is not a lot for me to do. During the course of my holiday I will send three postcards to one person of your choosing. These postcards will be rant-ravingly insane, yet they will be peppered with unmistakable personal details about the addressee. Details you will provide me. The postcards will not be coherently signed, leaving your mark confused, guessing wildly, crying out in anguish. "How do I know this person? And how does he know I had a ferret named Goliath?" Heh - awesome idea! Posted by DaveH at 8:44 PM | Comments (0) December 17, 2007 Minimal posting tonight Was in town all day today running errands. Working on some web stuff tonight. Posting (if at all) will be thin on the ground tonight... Posted by DaveH at 10:23 PM | Comments (0) December 16, 2007 A billion is a difficult number to comprehend: A billion seconds ago it was 1959. A billion minutes ago Jesus was alive. A billion hours ago our ancestors were living in the Stone Age. A billion days ago no-one walked on two feet on earth. A billion dollars ago was only 8 hours and 20 minutes, at the rate our government spends it. The guy does have a point here... (and the numbers are from September, 2007) Posted by DaveH at 11:04 PM | Comments (0) Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown Worked for King Henry the Fourth , works today. Thanks to ΛΕΟΝΙΔΑΣ posing on Francis W. Porretto's Eternity Road , we find that Chavez had a very good reason for not trying to game the election. His head. On a platter. By the Military. Venezuela Redux A confirmation of previous reports of the events of the Venezuelan referendum on Hugo Ch�vez' proposed constitutional changes was published today in the Spanish newspaper El Mundo. The article is in Spanish but a good synopsis is presented here as well as a complete translation here . It confirms that in fact Hugo intended to steal the election but was notified by Fidel Castro that the Venezuelan military was mobilizing for a coup d' �tat in such an eventuality. According to El Mundo, the G-2, Castro's intelligence service who handles Hugo Chavez's personal security, informed Cuban dictator Fidel Castro that several of Venezuela's army units were getting ready to act if Chavez refused to accept the results, as he was initially trying to do. The G-2 told Castro that there were troop movements in several key armed forces garrisons, including the 41 Armored Brigade in Maracay and the El Libertador air base. According to high Venezuelan government officials who spoke anonymously with El Mundo, Castro called Chavez after midnight, Venezuela time, to let him know what the G-2 knew and to let him know that if he didn't accept the results, the Venezuelan armed forces were going to get rid of him. Nice to know that Hugo has the brains to listen when Castro says no. I can only imagine the destabilization in Venezuela if there were a Military Coup. There is so much money there and none of it is getting down to the people... Posted by DaveH at 8:34 PM | Comments (0) Damn it - Geometry department Solve for 'X' Document your work (step by step). Drawing is not to scale. And no Trig, you must use Geometry, you cannot use any Trig functions! Got it from here: World's Hardest Easy Geometry Problem Using only elementary geometry, determine angle x. Provide a step-by-step proof. You may only use elementary geometry, such as the fact that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees and the basic congruent triangle rules (side-angle-side, etc.). You may not use more advanced trigonomery, such as the law of sines, the law of cosines, etc. There is a review of elementary geometry below. This is the hardest problem I have ever seen that is, in a sense, easy. It really can be done using only elementary geometry. This is not a trick question. Here is a very small hint . Here is a small hint . Piece of cake with trig but this puppy is going to be rolling around my brainpan for a day or two... Regarding the answer (from the same site): Sorry, but I'm not giving the answer nor the proof here. You will just have to work on it until you either solve it or are driven insane. Posted by DaveH at 8:08 PM | Comments (1) A product review - Windows XP upgrade A nice detailed review at Coding Sanity -- they upgrade a machine from Windows Vista to Windows XP: Review: Windows XP I have finally decided to take the plunge. Last night I upgraded my Vista desktop machine to Windows XP, and this afternoon I will be doing the same to my laptop. Look & Feel Windows XP has quite a cartoony look and feel compared to the slick look of Aero Glass; this is mostly offset by the lack of strange screen artifacts caused by malfunctioning graphics code. You know, almost like static on the screen. This was a once or twice monthly occurrence on my laptop, and happened on my desktop whenever I logged in, and also whenever I played a 3D game after leaving Vista running for a couple of hours. I also miss the "orphaned windows" I got on Vista, dialog boxes that would not go away, in a sense they became part of the desktop, since you could drag a selection from within them, despite the fact that the Glass would render the selection below them. Such crazy graphics bugs appear to be a thing of the past. Performance Well, here there appears to be no contest . Windows XP is both faster and far more responsive. I no longer have the obligatory 1-minute system lock that happens whenever I log onto Vista, instead I can run applications as soon as I can click their icons. Not only that, but the applications start snappily too, rather than all waiting in some "I'm still starting up the OS" queue for 30 seconds or so before all starting at once. In addition, I have noticed that when performing complex tasks such as viewing large images, or updating large spreadsheets, instead of the whole operating system locking down for several seconds, it now just locks down the application I am working on, allowing me to Alt-Tab to another application and work on that. I am thrilled that Microsoft decided to add preemptive multitasking to their operating system, and for this reason alone I would strongly urge you to upgrade to XP. With the amount of multi-core processors around today using a multitasking operating system like XP makes a world of difference. It would be funnier if it wasn't so true... I have Vista on one machine, the store office system which just runs Office and QuickBooks and a few editing tools. Still have issues with it from time to time. Posted by DaveH at 3:18 PM | Comments (0) December 15, 2007 RIP - Floyd Red Crow Westerman You would have seen him in Dancing with Wolves, on stage with Willie Nelson or as Albert Hosteen on various X-Files episodes. A very accomplished musician, acting for him was a sideline and a way to raise money for his work as an activist for environmental causes and for the rights of Native Americans and other indigenous people. His My Space page , IMDB and a nice Obituary at CBC/AP . Hat tip to Gary over at Muck and Mystery for a link that pointed to another link to this story at the LA Times : A focus on meeting, not setting, climate goals The U.N. summit is preoccupied with targets for reducing carbon output, with little discussion on how it will be done. Here's a recipe to head off the worst effects of global warming: 1. Start with 30 new nuclear power plants around the world. 2. Add 17,0000 wind turbines, 400 biomass power plants, two hydroelectric dams the size of China's Three Gorges Dam, and 42 coal or natural gas power plants equipped with still-experimental systems to sequester their carbon dioxide emissions underground. 3. Build everything in 2013. Repeat every year until 2030. It's an intentionally implausible plan presented this week by the International Energy Agency to make a point: For all the talk about emissions reductions, the actual work is way beyond what the world can achieve. As delegates from 190 countries gather here on the Indonesian island of Bali to negotiate a "road map" for the successor to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on global warming, some experts are wondering whether the meeting has lost touch with the reality of tackling climate change. In Texas, the participants would be referred to as "All Hat and No Cattle" -- setting goals, creating committees to study issues, setting limits to growth. It is all a lot of fun -- playing with OPM (other people's money) -- the participants are in paradise for a few more days and then they fly back to their huge homes on their private airplanes. If you have not read Bjorn Lomborg's book Cool It , you should do yourself the favor. He really dissects the science of AGW and shows that a lot more benefits could be done by spending the money elsewhere. Posted by DaveH at 8:08 PM December 14, 2007 Memo to self - when dying my hair the plastic gloves the kit provides are there for a reason... From The Meat Scale comes this story of Britney Spears, some and a really stupid hair experience... Britney Spears: Dyes her hair and her hands Britney Spears is really out to impress that judge, y�all. She�s even dyed her hair and hands for the occasion. Dumbass. Those home kits come with gloves. I bet she thought they were finger puppets she could use to amuse herself while she waited for the colour to set in. The dye stains around her hairline is a nice touch. That judge can�t failed to be impressed by her efforts. Give the kids back now! It is sad to see popular stars self-destruct through their own bad management but still -- what was she thinking... Posted by DaveH at 11:05 PM Happy 116th birthday Basketball On or about this date, in 1891 -- from Wikipedia : In early December 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian physical education student and instructor at YMCA Training School (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored, this proved inefficient, however, so a hole was drilled into the bottom of the basket, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through, paving the way for the game we know today. A soccer ball was used to shoot goals. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, they would give their team a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game. Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a Canadian children's game called " Duck on a Rock ", as many had failed before it. Naismith called the new game 'Basket Ball'. The first official basketball game was played in the YMCA gymnasium on January 20, 1892 with nine players, on a court just half the size of a present-day Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court. "Basket ball", the name suggested by one of Naismith's students, was popular from the beginning. Women's basketball began in 1892 at Smith College when Senda Berenson, a physical education teacher, modified Naismith's rules for women. The story of his daughter's 2006 document discovery is here: Newly found documents shed light on basketball's birth Another cool story... "My mother told me for years that there was nothing of real value there," said Carpenter, 74. More (quite a bit) at that article. I'm not a commercial athletics fan but I always enjoyed playing basketball as a kid. Posted by DaveH at 10:34 PM | Comments (0) Arrrrggghhhh!!! Shipwreck ahoy And not just any ship -- how about Captain Kidd's Quedagh Merchant? In ten feet of water? 70 feet off the coast of a Caribbean Island? And no sign of looting or disturbance? From Indiana University : Indiana University discovers 1699 Captain Kidd Shipwreck Resting in less than 10 feet of Caribbean seawater, the wreckage of Quedagh Merchant, the ship abandoned by the scandalous 17th century pirate Captain William Kidd as he raced to New York in an ill-fated attempt to clear his name, has escaped discovery -- until now. An underwater archaeology team from Indiana University announced today (Dec. 13) the discovery of the remnants. IU marine protection authority Charles Beeker said his team has been licensed to study the wreckage and to convert the site into an underwater preserve, where it will be accessible to the public. Beeker, director of Academic Diving and Underwater Science Programs in IU Bloomington's School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, said it is remarkable that the wreck has remained undiscovered all these years given its location, just 70 feet off the coast of Catalina Island in the Dominican Republic, and because it has been sought actively by treasure hunters. "I've been on literally thousands of shipwrecks in my career," Beeker said. "This is one of the first sites I've been on where I haven't seen any looting. We've got a shipwreck in crystal clear, pristine water that's amazingly untouched. We want to keep it that way, so we made the announcement now to ensure the site's protection from looters." Very cool! The same team is also actively looking for a few other ships. Check it out: IU archaeologists hot on the trail of Columbus' sunken ships Hey Bob -- ya' got some people breathing down your neck... One possible reason -- from Live Science : Magma May Be Melting Greenland Ice Global warming may not be the only thing melting Greenland. Scientists have found at least one natural magma hotspot under the Arctic island that could be pitching in. In recent years, Greenland�s ice has been melting more and flowing faster into the sea -� a record amount of ice melted from the frozen mass this summer, according to recently released data -� and Earth�s rising temperatures are suspected to be the main culprit. But clues to a new natural contribution to the melt arose when scientists discovered a thin spot in the Earth�s crust under the northeast corner of the Greenland Ice Sheet where heat from Earth�s insides could seep through, scientists will report here this week at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union. �The behavior of the great ice sheets is an important barometer of global climate change,� said lead scientist Ralph von Frese of Ohio State University. �However, to effectively separate and quantify human impacts on climate change, we must understand the natural impacts too.� The corner of Greenland where the hotspot was found had no known ice streams, the rivers of ice that run through the main ice sheet and out to sea, until one was discovered in 1991. What exactly caused the stream to form was uncertain. �Ice streams have to have some reason for being there,� von Frese said, �and it�s pretty surprising to suddenly see one in the middle of the ice sheet.� The newly discovered hotspot, an area where Earth�s crust is thinner, allowing hot magma from Earth's mantle to come closer to the surface, is just below the ice sheet and could have caused it to form, von Frese and his team suggest. �Where the crust is thicker, things are cooler, and where it�s thinner, things are warmer,� von Frese explained. �And under a big place like Greenland or Antarctica, natural variations in the crust will makes some parts of the ice sheet warmer than others.� Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM | Comments (0) Improving productivity - two tales These two links caught my eye as I agree with them a lot. I find that increasing the hours that you work on something (crunch time) also increases your error rate and it would be much better to quit work and come in the next morning with the benefit of a good nights rest and a decent breakfast. I used to work for MSFT doing hardware and lab management and I would see programming teams doing crunch time and always cringed knowing that their bug rate would just go up and up and up. Not the way to deliver a quality product people (as the recent Vista release goes to show)... #1 -- from the International Game Developers Association : Why Crunch Mode Doesn't Work: 6 Lessons There's a bottom-line reason most industries gave up crunch mode over 75 years ago: It's the single most expensive way there is to get the work done. One excerpt: The History In 1908 -� almost a century ago � industrial efficiency pioneer Ernst Abbe published in Gessamelte Abhandlungen his conclusions that a reduction in daily work hours from nine to eight resulted in an increase in total daily output. (Nor was he the first to notice this. William Mather had adopted an eight-hour day at the Salford Iron Works in 1893.) In 1909, Sidney J. Chapman published Hours of Labour, in which he described long-term variation in worker productivity as a function of hours worked per day. His conclusions will be discussed in some detail below. When Henry Ford famously adopted a 40-hour workweek in 1926, he was bitterly criticized by members of the National Association of Manufacturers. But his experiments, which he'd been conducting for at least 12 years, showed him clearly that cutting the workday from ten hours to eight hours � and the workweek from six days to five days � increased total worker output and reduced production cost. Ford spoke glowingly of the social benefits of a shorter workweek, couched firmly in terms of how increased time for consumption was good for everyone . But the core of his argument was that reduced shift length meant more output. I have found many studies, conducted by businesses, universities, industry associations and the military, that support the basic notion that, for most people, eight hours a day, five days per week, is the best sustainable long-term balance point between output and exhaustion. Throughout the 30s, 40s, and 50s, these studies were apparently conducted by the hundreds; and by the 1960s, the benefits of the 40-hour week were accepted almost beyond question in corporate America. In 1962, the Chamber of Commerce even published a pamphlet extolling the productivity gains of reduced hours. But, somehow, Silicon Valley didn't get the memo. And #2 -- from Yahoo News/AP : All-nighters may not improve grades Students who rely on all-nighters to bring up their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: A new survey says those who never study all night have slightly higher GPAs than those who do. A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University, a small liberal arts college in northern New York, found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter have average GPAs of 3.2, compared to 2.95 for those who have. The study, by assistant professor of psychology Pamela Thacher, is to be included in the January issue of Behavioral Sleep Medicine. "It's not a big difference, but it's pretty striking," Thacher said. "I am primarily a sleep researcher and I know nobody thinks clearly at 4 in the morning. You think you do, but you can't." A second study by Thacher, a clinical psychologist, had "extremely similar" results showing lower grades among the sleep skippers. Many college students, of course, have inadequate or irregular sleep, for reasons ranging from excessive caffeine to poor time management. Prav Chatani, a St. Lawrence sophomore who wasn't involved in either study, said the findings made sense. The neuroscience major has been pulling fewer all-nighters, but recently stayed up all night to prepare for an organic chemistry test and a neuroscience presentation, he said. He had difficulty remembering some of the material he studied around 4 or 5 in the morning. No shit sherlock -- not only do you study poorly, you then have to present your material the next day having spent a stressful night without sleep... A few solid hours of REM sleep does wonders for the brain's function. And the guy mentioned in the last article is a Neuroscience Major for cry'n out loud -- remind me not to go to his clinic when he sets up practice... Posted by DaveH at 8:33 PM | Comments (0) Methane Clathrates in the news Here is the Wikipedia entry for Methane Clathrate Fairly common offshore - we have some large deposits off our coast in the Pacific Northwest and there is a lot offshore Mexico. What isn't common is using these deposits as a source of energy. German newspaper Der Spiegel has some interesting news: China and India Exploit Icy Energy Reserves China and India have reported massive finds of frozen methane gas off their coasts, which they hope will satisfy their energy needs. But environmentalists fear that tapping these resources could have adverse effects on the world climate. On the surface, it looked like any other drill core from the ocean floor. Its shimmering grayish-green surface was both slippery and grainy at the same time. But the sample only revealed its exciting secret when the geologists on board the "Bavenit," a drilling ship, lowered the pressure in the steel tube and held a lit match to the upper end. Suddenly a yellowish-red flame began licking from the slick material. "As astonishing phenomenon," noted the scientists from the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey. So astonishing, in fact, that when their ship pulled into the harbor at Shenzen on June 12 of this year, the scientists were all smiles. Shengxiong Yang and Nengyou Wu, the two expedition leaders, stand an excellent chance of going down in the history of their country as heroes. The material they pulled from the muddy ocean floor of the South China Sea has the potential to satisfy the energy needs of China and its fast-growing economy. The flames in the drill core were coming from methane hydrate, a material first discovered in the 1970s. Its unique characteristic is that it is a seemingly frozen and yet flammable material. In the West, this potential fuel from the ocean floor has for the most part been the stuff of fantasy. But it's a different story in Asia. The People's Republic of China is investing millions to study this massive source of energy. The same holds true for India, South Korea and Taiwan, all nations that are on a fast track to surpassing the West as economic powers. The article goes into a few of the proposed ways to extract the Methane and then veers off into la-la land by quoting some doom and gloom people who worry about Methane being such a bad greenhouse gas and how these clathrates should be used for CO2 sequestration. I would love to find a place to sequester all the AGW ninnies - their braying is getting on my nerves... Posted by DaveH at 7:00 PM | Comments (1) December 13, 2007 Great advertisement Perfect set design, plot and prestiege. Thanks to Dark Roasted Blend for the link: The Future is... disconcerting - [fun video] 1:19 of YouTube goodness: The Essay Posted by DaveH at 9:36 PM | Comments (0) Sated Just Jen and I at the house now -- we were thinking about going out to hear a local band but we are stuffed and feeling nappish. That plus it's below freezing outside, was raining earlier today so the roads are slick and the venue is about 15 miles away... The ham turned out beyond our expectations -- raising a pig in a pasture with grass feed makes a big difference in the quality and taste. Unlike any processed ham I have ever tasted. Everyone brought side dishes that were delicious and one person's Mom baked two blueberry pies that were to die for -- she didn't use so much sugar that it was cloying, the flavor profile was perfect. We got a great crew!!! Posted by DaveH at 9:29 PM | Comments (0) England's useful idiots - it's not just Gordon Brown Hat tip to Maggie's Farm for this bit of news. From The Sun : Miliband signs Britain away Foreign Secretary David Miliband signed the hated EU treaty - hours before Prime Minister Gordon Brown arrived in Lisbon. Due to the PM's delayed arrival, Mr Miliband was the only foreign minister to attend the televised ceremony alone, amid a stream of prime ministers and presidents from the other 26 EU states. And: The news will be a blow to the country's voters - The Sun's EU petition has received 28,000 votes saying no to the Treaty. The Barrister at Maggie's Farm had these choice words to say: "Never have so few decided so much for so many" Brits sign EU Constitution without obtaining the opinion of the citizens. Who owns a nation's sovereignty? Surely not the slimeball politician du jour. And remind me again - why would a nation willingly give up its sovereignty to unelected foreign officials? Is this a return to a post-modern monarchy? Says EU Referendum defiantly today: We are not your citizens! In my opinion, the EU wants subjects, not citizens. But who are they, anyway? Arrogant jerks in suits, who want power and babes. And the sad thing is that these idiots really think that they are doing good for their constituents. They do not realize just how pitifully deluded they are -- they think that because they wear a suit, that makes them morally obligated to tell their lessors what is good for them and to drag a once-great nation into the cesspit of socialism. Useful idiots indeed... Posted by DaveH at 1:59 PM | Comments (0) A breather The ham is in the oven, the stuffed delicata squash is ready to be baked, the fire is being lit and the Christmas tree is in the house ready to be put on the stand and trimmed. The ham is from our organic half-pig that has been living at Freezer-Camp in our garage for the last couple of months gradually making it into our bellies. next spring, we are getting a whole pig -- there is a huge difference in taste. People will be arriving at 5:00 - there is another couple hours work getting ready so things are actually going on schedule. Most of our workers are foodies so this should be one interesting potluck! Posted by DaveH at 1:41 PM | Comments (0) Light posting today We are having the first annual Christmas party for our store employees and are expecting about 20 people to be showing up at the house in about eight hours. Yikes! Should be a lot of fun though -- we have a very mellow crew and we love them all. Now back to the cleaning and cooking... From The Register : Shell in Hawaiian algae biofuel pilot Oil giant Shell announced yesterday that it will build a pilot plant in Hawaii to make biofuel out of algae grown in seawater ponds. "Algae have great potential as a sustainable feedstock for production of diesel-type fuels with a very small CO2 footprint," said Graeme Sweeney, Shell veep for Future Fuels. "This demonstration will be an important test of the technology and, critically, of commercial viability." The oil company, which is mounting the venture in cooperation with tech developer HR Biopetroleum, believes that swiftly-multiplying algae strains native to Hawaii can produce viable amounts of vegetable oil. It is thought that this can be profitably turned into fuel for diesel engines. And the money shot: The joint venture is to be called Cellana, and will also feature an academic research project drawing on expertise from universities around the world. Initial analysis by Shell and Biopetroleum suggests that saltwater algae can produce as much as 15 times the oil yield per hectare from landbased crops such as rape, jatropha or palm soya. Selected types of algae can double their mass several times daily, building up a thick layer of scummy gold on the sea surface. Emphasis mine -- obviously, there are a lot more hectares suitable for growing plants than there are placid lagoons but if this works out, it can probably be scaled up with existing fermentation and growing vessels such as are currently used by the chemical and pharma industries. And for Shell to be taking notice means a lot -- these companies didn't get to where they are by being stupid... Posted by DaveH at 8:35 AM | Comments (0) December 12, 2007 I will gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today. Running the grocery store , I notice that our cost on things are bumping up bit by bit -- ten cents here, fifty cents there. It seems that this is a global phenomon... From The Economist : Cheap no more Rising incomes in Asia and ethanol subsidies in America have put an end to a long era of falling food prices One of the odder features of last weekend's vote in Venezuela was that staple foods were in short supply. Something similar happened in Russia before its parliamentary election. Governments in both oil-rich countries had imposed controls on food prices, with the usual consequences. Such controls have been surprisingly widespread�a knee-jerk response to one of the most remarkable changes that food markets, indeed any markets, have seen for years: the end of cheap food. In early September the world price of wheat rose to over $400 a tonne, the highest ever recorded. In May it had been around $200. Though in real terms its price is far below the heights it scaled in 1974, it is still twice the average of the past 25 years. Earlier this year the price of maize (corn) exceeded $175 a tonne, again a world record. It has fallen from its peak, as has that of wheat, but at $150 a tonne is still 50% above the average for 2006. As the price of one crop shoots up, farmers plant it to take advantage, switching land from other uses. So a rise in wheat prices has knock-on effects on other crops. Rice prices have hit records this year, although their rise has been slower. The Economist's food-price index is now at its highest since it began in 1845, having risen by one-third in the past year. Normally, sky-high food prices reflect scarcity caused by crop failure. Stocks are run down as everyone lives off last year's stores. This year harvests have been poor in some places, notably Australia, where the drought-hit wheat crop failed for the second year running. And world cereals stocks as a proportion of production are the lowest ever recorded. The run-down has been accentuated by the decision of large countries (America and China) to reduce stocks to save money. Yet what is most remarkable about the present bout of �agflation� is that record prices are being achieved at a time not of scarcity but of abundance. According to the International Grains Council, a trade body based in London, this year's total cereals crop will be 1.66 billion tonnes, the largest on record and 89m tonnes more than last year's harvest, another bumper crop. That the biggest grain harvest the world has ever seen is not enough to forestall scarcity prices tells you that something fundamental is affecting the world's demand for cereals. The article then goes on to outline the two primary reasons. China and India are becoming prosperous and more people are buying meat instead of grains. It takes 2.6 pounds of corn to produce one pound standing weight of beef. This includes all the offal, bones so once the beef is butchered, it's more like four to one. The article said that the Chinese used to eat 20KG/year and they now eat more than 50KG/year. The second reason is obviously the government's idiotic subsidies of Ethanol as a fuel. The sooner that they get out of that business, the better. A good and well-written article... From Gannett Wisconsin Newspapers/AP : Green Bay council president provokes atheists with nativity scene The Green Bay City Council president paid for a nativity scene to be put up at City Hall after learning of an anti-religion group's protest of one in Peshtigo. Council president Chad Fradette told a city committee he believed the U.S. Constitution upholds citizens' right to display symbols of their religious beliefs on publicly owned property as long as they are not paid for with tax money and other faiths aren't excluded. The committee approved the nativity scene 4-1 Tuesday night. "So now the Freedom From Religion Foundation can pick on somebody a little larger than Peshtigo," Fradette told the committee. And a bit more: Fradette had wanted to extend an invitation to all religions to put up displays, but committee members agreed a policy was needed to prevent people from testing the boundaries of taste. Fradette asked Schmitt for permission to put up his display while the council worked out those details. Finally: Peshtigo Mayor Thomas Strouf offered to pay the lighting bill for his city's display after the foundation objected to it. The local Chamber of Commerce owns and erected up the display, he said, although it is in a public park. What's not to love -- having a bit of fun, exercising your freedom of speech and pissing off a bunch of nanny control-freaks. Posted by DaveH at 9:24 PM | Comments (0) Spent the day in town and then decided to see if there was anything new on the Gordon Brown negotiate/not negotiate story. All of the links to MSM reports of the negotiate story are now dead although present in Google's listings. Must have been some fast and furious emails and telephone calls from Brown's office. Found this at the BBC : Afghan battle being won - Brown Prime Minister Gordon Brown has told MPs that forces are "winning the battle against the insurgency" in Afghanistan. He said Britain and its coalition partners were "isolating and eliminating the leadership of the Taleban, not negotiating with them". But he backed Afghan leaders' moves towards "political reconciliation" with ex-insurgents who renounce violence. There is a long-standing tradition among Islamists to renounce violence. It's called Hudna From Omdurman : Truces, Arab Style "What is being touted as a 'cease-fire' is something called a 'hudna.' A hudna [also known as a hudibiyya or khudaibiya] is a tactical cease-fire that allows the Arabs to rebuild their terrorist infrastructure in order to be more effective when the "cease-fire" is called off." And from Jihad Watch : Dar al-Islam and dar al-harb: the House of Islam and the House of War The violent injunctions of the Quran and the violent precedents set by Muhammad set the tone for the Islamic view of politics and of world history. Islamic scholarship divides the world into two spheres of influence, the House of Islam (dar al-Islam) and the House of War (dar al-harb). Islam means submission, and so the House of Islam includes those nations that have submitted to Islamic rule, which is to say those nations ruled by Sharia law. The rest of the world, which has not accepted Sharia law and so is not in a state of submission, exists in a state of rebellion or war with the will of Allah. It is incumbent on dar al-Islam to make war upon dar al-harb until such time that all nations submit to the will of Allah and accept Sharia law. Islam's message to the non-Muslim world is the same now as it was in the time of Muhammad and throughout history: submit or be conquered. The only times since Muhammad when dar al-Islam was not actively at war with dar al-harb were when the Muslim world was too weak or divided to make war effectively. But the lulls in the ongoing war that the House of Islam has declared against the House of War do not indicate a forsaking of jihad as a principle but reflect a change in strategic factors. It is acceptable for Muslim nations to declare hudna, or truce, at times when the infidel nations are too powerful for open warfare to make sense. Jihad is not a collective suicide pact even while "killing and being killed" (Sura 9:111) is encouraged on an individual level. For the past few hundred years, the Muslim world has been too politically fragmented and technologically inferior to pose a major threat to the West. But that is changing. The above is part of an excellent paper titled: Islam 101 It goes into a lot of things that you simply do not hear about on the media or from people promoting Islam as the religion of pigs peace... I'll leave you with a photo of Gordon Brown's most-notorious predecessor - the guy on the left. The guy on the right needs no introduction. Posted by DaveH at 8:45 PM | Comments (0) A story from Og, the Neanderpundit WARNING: Serious drink alert! Check it out: Oh Mandy! Posted by DaveH at 11:08 AM | Comments (0) Well that didn't take long Was following up trying to get some more info on the previous Gordon Brown post and ran into this article at ITN News : Brown sets out plans for Afghanistan Gordon Brown has set out his strategy for redeveloping Afghanistan, saying the UK will "not enter into any negotiations" with insurgents. Addressing the Commons just days after visiting the country for the first time as Prime Minister, he told MPs the coalition is "winning the battle against the insurgency. Mr Brown said the leadership of the Taliban is being isolated and eliminated but negotiations are not being entered with them. As part of the redevelopment plan, he said Britain will make available �450 million in assistance between 2009 and 2012. He also outlined what Britain can do to build on military victories such as Tuesday's end to the hard-fought battle to retake the Taliban stronghold of Musa Qala. Mr Brown said British forces will get 150 new protected patrol vehicles as well as extra Sea King helicopters and new contracts for commercial helicopters to move freight. He also urged Afghan President Hamid Karzai to press ahead with "targeted eradication" policies against the poppy crop in Helmand. The plan, which follows an internal review of Afghanistan policy which began in the summer, has been described as a "shift in emphasis" rather than a completely new approach. British forces had pulled out last year after striking a peace agreement which gave responsibility for security to the Afghan elders. However, weeks later it was overrun by the Taliban and become a major hub of the heroin trade which has helped finance the uprising. Following talks with Mr Karzai in the capital Kabul on Monday, Mr Brown emphasised the importance of the reconstruction effort alongside continuing military operations. Emphasis mine -- that is exactly what will happen every time if you do not foster nation-building and strength from within; you leave and the power-hungry thugs brutally step in and take over. It will be interesting to see if there was actually an announcement and then smarter people moved in with damage control or if this was a Fake but Accurate news item made up by someone who was wishful thinking... The Evening Standard link in the last post is dead now so someone pulled the plug very quickly. Words fail... From The Evening Standard : Brown says he will negotiate with Taliban to end war in Afghanistan Gordon Brown will announce today that he intends to talk to the Taliban in a bid to end the war in Afghanistan. In a major shift in UK foreign policy the Prime Minister is expected to tell the Commons today that negotiation is the only way to bring peace to the war torn country. This year has been the deadliest in Afghanistan since the U.S. led invasion of 2001. Since January more than 6,200 people have been killed including 40 British soldiers. In all, 86 British soldiers have died during the campaign which was launched to crush Al Qaeda and the Taliban following the September 11 outrage in America. The change of tack will be seen as the latest attempt by the prime minister to distance himself from the foreign policy of Tony Blair and his ally George Bush. In a landmark statement in the Commons he will say that the Cabinet has agreed a three pronged strategy for Afghanistan which will security guaranteed by NATO and the Afghan national army followed by economic and political development in the country. The third prong of the plan is likely to be most controversial - to engage Taliban leaders in constructive dialogue. A senior source said last night: "We need to ask who are we fighting? Do we need to fight them - can we be talking to them?" This idiot will go down in history as a worse scumbag than Neville Chamberlain Right now, the Taliban is on the ropes. We need to push a bit more to defeat them but defeat is well within our grasp. You cannot just hand the keys over to the Afghan national army as they will become infiltrated in short order. The change of power has to come from within as General David Petraeus so wisely realized -- it is a slow process, winning the hearts and minds of a nation but it is working and conditions in Iraq have improved significantly. Brown wants to take Afghanistan back into the stone ages. He is a leader who simply does not "get" his enemy. Posted by DaveH at 9:20 AM | Comments (0) December 10, 2007 A good time to get into the Generator business From Slashdot : FCC Requires Backup Power For 210K Cell Towers 1sockchuck alerts us to an article in Data Center Knowledge that explores ramifications from the FCC's decision a couple of months back to require backup power for cell sites and other parts of the telecom infrastructure. The new rule was prompted by wireless outages during Hurricane Katrina. There are more than 210,000 cell towers in the US, as well as 20,000 telecom central offices that will also need generators or batteries. Municipalities are bracing for disputes as carriers try to add generators or batteries to cell sites on rooftops or water towers. The rules will further boost demand in the market for generators, where there are already lengthy delivery backlogs for some models. This is great for emergency responders but it will make things interesting for the small sites located on water towers, buildings, flag poles, etc... For the casual user, as one slashdot commenter said: Millions of people will be able to call each other to ask "is your power out too?" Posted by DaveH at 10:18 PM | Comments (0) Portable Storage - 1956 edition Was digging through Snopes this evening and ran into this fun story -- IBM's first commercial hard disk unit : Photograph shows a 1956 computer disk memory storage unit. From the article: It started with a product announcement in May of 1955. IBM Corp. was introducing a product that offered unprecedented random-access storage 5 million characters (not bytes, they were 7-bit, not 8-bit characters). This first disk drive heralded startling leaps in mass-storage technology and the end of sequential storage on punched cards and paper or Mylar tape, though magnetic tape would continue for archival or backup storage. The disk drive was big, not quite ready for today's laptop. With its vacuum-tube control electronics, the RAMAC (for "random-access method of accounting and control") occupied the space of two refrigerators and weighed a ton. It stored those 5 million characters on 50 hefty aluminum disks coated on both sides with a magnetic iron oxide, a variation of the paint primer used for the Golden Gate Bridge. What is pictured above is the IBM 350 disk storage unit utilized by the IBM 305 RAMAC. The 350 Disk Storage Unit consisted of the magnetic disk memory unit with its access mechanism, the electronic and pneumatic controls for the access mechanism, and a small air compressor. Assembled with covers, the 350 was 60 inches long, 68 inches high and 29 inches deep. It was configured with 50 magnetic disks containing 50,000 sectors, each of which held 100 alphanumeric characters, for a capacity of 5 million characters. Disks rotated at 1,200 rpm, tracks (20 to the inch) were recorded at up to 100 bits per inch, and typical head-to-disk spacing was 800 microinches. The execution of a "seek" instruction positioned a read-write head to the track that contained the desired sector and selected the sector for a later read or write operation. Seek time averaged about 600 milliseconds. With storage capacities of 5 million and 10 million digits, and the capability to be installed either singly or in pairs, the 350 provided the 305 system with storage capacities of 5, 10, 15 or 20 million characters. The unit leased for $3,200/month in 1957. According to this Inflation Calculator that would be $23,793.42. How times have changed. Now hard disk space is about $0.25 per Gigabyte. Posted by DaveH at 12:50 PM | Comments (0) December 9, 2007 Staying warm I'm casting about on the web looking for possible replacements for the shop furnace and was curious about the differences between the various fuels. This site seems to sum it up quite well: Stay Warm -- New Hampshire Here, pellets are about $170/ton, seasoned wood is in the nosebleed $280/cord range ($180 last year) when you can get it and propane is through the roof. Of course, the amortization is over several years and since pellets are sooo cheap, that price will probably "adjust" in the next year or so... BOHICA - it has a nice Caribbean ring to it but it is actually an acronym and it stands for Bend Over, Here It Comes Again. Still casting about. An interesting little observation from dispatches from TJICistan : reading between the lines http://www.boston.com/news/local/massach� Maybe he thought it was funny to point a hand-held laser beam at a helicopter. But the three police forces and the U.S. Coast Guard were not laughing Saturday night as they chased down a Medford-area man who faces the possibility of federal charges� State police pilots were on a routine security mission, guarding a liquid natural gas tanker, as it was near shore at about 9:15 p.m. Saturday night, Bousquet said. They noticed a laser light touching their helicopter. Using sophisticated equipment on their helicopter, including cameras, they pinpointed the origin of the light as somewhere in the Medford-Somerville area, Bousquet said. The search was on � involving authorities from the U.S. Coast Guard, the state police, the Medford Police Department and the Somerville Police Department. About 90 minutes later, police found an adult male. Bousquet would not say exactly how police found him� I find it quite interesting that (a) state police helicopters have the capability to track down the origin of a laser flash with resolution tight enough to arrest a guy (b) they won�t say what this technology is I find even more interesting the unstated tidbit that there is, apparently, some credible threat that led authorities to install systems on helicopters to track down laser flashes. Maybe I�m reading too much into this. �but maybe I�, not. Fascinating. Most curious... I know that here, we had an incident in 2005 where some Boarder Patrol officers saw an object of interest, at night, at about 14 miles range from a land-based surveillance camera. The news item is only available to subscribers to the Bellingham Herald A tiny dot on a Border Patrol surveillance camera turned out to be a kayak with more than 100 pounds of marijuana on board headed into the United States on Monday night. About 11 p.m., a U.S. Border Patrol communications operator in the Blaine sector noticed the "faint but unusual object" moving south in Boundary Bay from White Rock, B.C., toward Semiahmoo Spit, west of Blaine, said a news release from Deputy Chief Joseph Giuliano. Agents met the kayaker as he landed. We live a few miles from the Canadian border and have these cameras scattered around. I would love to take one of them for a test drive someday... Posted by DaveH at 10:02 PM | Comments (0) The new face of childhood education Say buh-bye to Field Trips... Damn, I really looked forward to these when I was in grade school. Every other month, we would be bundled into busses and taken out to various engineering and chemical research centers (I grew up in Pittsburgh and Westinghouse, GE and several of the steel-makers had major facilities close by) or museums and historical places like the Old Economy Shaker Village. It was recreational for sure to be out of the classroom but it also broadened my experiences and made me realize that my 'culture' was only part of the big picture. For the engineering labs, it provided a good taste of what an Engineer or a Chemist did for a living and was helpful when it came to choosing my own career. From Courant : Field Trips Fading Fast In An Age Of Testing Mark Proffitt still remembers the thrill of being sprung from school for class outings to Old Sturbridge Village or the state Capitol. "You couldn't wait to go on field trips," recalled Proffitt, now an elementary school principal in Middletown. For today's students, such experiences are increasingly elusive. Tight budgets and rising gas prices, concerns about safety and the sheer hassle of taking kids out into the world are leading some schools to reduce or eliminate field trips. And now there's a powerful new force keeping students in their seats during the school day: the drive to boost performance on standardized tests. That has led principals to jettison "extras" such as field trips in their quest to wring every minute of instructional time from an already crammed school day. In other words, an afternoon spent gazing at masterpieces in an art museum is getting harder to justify. "We have a limited amount of time for instruction," said Karen List, an assistant superintendent in West Hartford. "Given all the demands that are placed upon us these days, we want to make sure every single moment is a valuable moment." The pressure to improve student performance is especially intense in urban school systems struggling beneath the weight of the federal No Child Left Behind Act. James Thompson, the assistant superintendent in Hartford, said his district is reviewing its field trip policy to make sure every excursion connects to a classroom lesson. A shame really -- the education system in the US has gotten so dumbed down. Posted by DaveH at 8:24 PM | Comments (0) Further turmoil and sanity in the Episcopal Church I make no secret of: #1) - having grown up in the Episcopal Church and #2) - deploring the current state of it from the top down (read here , here , here and here ) Fortunately, other people are seeing the light - several dioceses has seceded from the Church of England and allied themselves with more rigorous churches around the world. A biggie just happened in California - from AOL/AP : Episcopal Diocese Secedes From Church The conservative Diocese of San Joaquin voted Saturday to split from the liberal-leaning Episcopal Church, becoming the first full diocese to secede from the denomination in the debate over the Bible and homosexuality. Clergy and lay members of the Episcopal Diocese of San Joaquin voted 173-22 at their annual convention to remove all references to the national church from the diocese's constitution, said the Rev. Van McCalister, a diocesan spokesman. The diocese, based in Fresno, plans to align with the like-minded Anglican Province of the Southern Cone, based in South America. The decision is almost certain to spark a court fight over control of the diocese's multimillion-dollar real estate holdings and other assets. The Episcopal Church is the U.S. member of the global Anglican Communion, a 77 million-member fellowship that traces its roots to the Church of England. Anglicans have been moving toward a worldwide schism since 2003, when the Episcopal Church consecrated the first openly gay bishop, V. Gene Robinson of New Hampshire. San Joaquin is also one of the three Episcopal dioceses that will not ordain women. The Episcopal rift over theology began decades ago and is now focused on whether the Bible condemns gay relationships. "We have leadership in the Episcopal Church that has drastically and radically changed directions," McCalister said. "They have pulled the rug out from under us. They've started teaching something very different, something very new and novel, and it's impossible for us to follow a leadership that has so drastically reinvented itself." It's not just gays, that is only the barest tip of the iceberg. As I said in an earlier post: My Dad gravitated from the Episcopal church to the United Churches in Christ. I do not agree with them but I support his decision to do so. I consider groups like the UCC to lack a sense of moral definition. The idea that everyone can be accepted is a mental dishonesty and a spiritual weakness. There is evil out there and to try to �accept it� and hope that it will turn out good is at best, ineffective and at worst, only serves to encourage that very evil that you are trying to turn good. It is nothing more than mental masturbation. It will be interesting to attend a service the next time we visit Jen's parents in Fresno -- that 173-22 vote is definitely sending a clear message... Big tip 'o the hat to Maggie's Farm for the link... Posted by DaveH at 2:41 PM | Comments (0) A few years ago - waterboarding No wonder Congress' approval ratings are in the toilet these days. From The Washington Post : Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002 In Meetings, Spy Panels' Chiefs Did Not Protest, Officials Say In September 2002, four members of Congress met in secret for a first look at a unique CIA program designed to wring vital information from reticent terrorism suspects in U.S. custody. For more than an hour, the bipartisan group, which included current House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), was given a virtual tour of the CIA's overseas detention sites and the harsh techniques interrogators had devised to try to make their prisoners talk. Among the techniques described, said two officials present, was waterboarding, a practice that years later would be condemned as torture by Democrats and some Republicans on Capitol Hill. But on that day, no objections were raised. Instead, at least two lawmakers in the room asked the CIA to push harder, two U.S. officials said. The word you are searching for is: Hypocrite Posted by DaveH at 2:32 PM December 8, 2007 Blogger Rachel Lucas shares the experiences of a shopping trip to Target... Going to Target is like visiting the chimp habitat at the zoo. I need to start taking my camera every time I go there, to photographically prove to you my justification for wanting to break necks and throw karate chops all over the place. Last Saturday, I made the FATAL MISTAKE of shopping there at about 1 in the afternoon, when the monkey/white trash population is at its peak. I started wanting to cut people before I even got in the front door because was I able to enter the front door freely? NO I WAS NOT. Because the front door - a double-wide automatic-opening front door - was blocked by a young couple together achieving a triumphant 700 pounds and their three crackhead children, who had stopped en masse to discuss who was going to which area of the store first. Mom wanted to hit the clothes section, you see, but would she be able to find Taylor later in the toy section if Dad was over in the auto section with Ashley and Mikey? There were literally 10 people who had approached the door and would have liked very fucking much to enter, but these clowns apparently exist in one of the alternate universes where actual human beings are invisible. Most of us stood gaping at the sheer audacity of the asshole family, and sort of wedging past them, but finally a young guy came charging through saying �What�s the holdup, people? Let�s MOVE!� It was kind of hot, to be honest with you. Once inside the store, I chanted to myself do not kill do not kill do not kill and tried to ignore all the people who need killin�. Did okay until I got to the house-cleaning supplies aisle, in which I encountered a middle-aged couple with TWO carts, which of course were side-by-side and of course blocking all ingress and egress. The woman was asking the man if they should use bleach on that and the man was muttering something about how the hell should he know? Spot on! Retail therapy should involve baseball bats, ordnance and live ammo (by licensed owners) and custard pies. Her commenters are wonderful -- here is one from BasilRiverdale: As a complete misanthrope and confirmed elitist snob, I only shop in places where the clientele dresses in coat and tie. Ditto for the rare times I go to a bar. I just refuse to mingle anymore with the unwashed. Grocery shopping by necessity is an exception to the rule. Once a week I put on full camo, combat boots, and pack an empty shoulder holster under my jacket (been meaning to get that CC for awhile). Then I wrap a utility belt with ammo pouches and a six battery flashlight around my waist (next best thing to a billie club), and top it off with a black SWAT TEAM hat. Given that Santa Fe is 50% liberal weenies, and 50% illegal aliens, I find the costume generally clears the way before I have to announce myself. And it makes shopping much more fun. Same costume is equally good for sushi bars, the plant nursery, and Borders Books. I would love to have thought of that when I was living in Seattle. Here especially: University Village Talk about a target-rich environment... Posted by DaveH at 10:32 PM Not the answer they were looking for - ranching version Don Lancaster has been around for a long long time. He wrote homebrew articles for Radio Electronics including the seminal TV Typewriter which allowed you to build a video terminal for a fraction of what a commercial one cost. This alone helped fuel the explosive growth of the personal computers. Today, he resides in Thatcher, AZ and maintains his website: Tinaja.com Thatcher is in the middle of some prime ranching country. Here is what Don had to say : I attended a recent seminar on overgrazing. When they asked the audience what the indicator species for overgrazing were, they got rather upset with my answer of "cows". If you are at all interested in alternative energy, his Energy Fundamentals paper (PDF) is an absolute must-read. Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM | Comments (0) Guerrillas in the midst Off the scale high geekdom. Check out the Untergunthers Here is an article in the UK Guardian : Undercover restorers fix Paris landmark's clock 'Cultural guerrillas' cleared of lawbreaking over secret workshop in Pantheon It is one of Paris's most celebrated monuments, a neoclassical masterpiece that has cast its shadow across the city for more than two centuries. But it is unlikely that the Panth�on, or any other building in France's capital, will have played host to a more bizarre sequence of events than those revealed in a court last week. Four members of an underground "cultural guerrilla" movement known as the Untergunther, whose purpose is to restore France's cultural heritage, were cleared on Friday of breaking into the 18th-century monument in a plot worthy of Dan Brown or Umberto Eco. For a year from September 2005, under the nose of the Panth�on's unsuspecting security officials, a group of intrepid "illegal restorers" set up a secret workshop and lounge in a cavity under the building's famous dome. Under the supervision of group member Jean-Baptiste Viot, a professional clockmaker, they pieced apart and repaired the antique clock that had been left to rust in the building since the 1960s. Only when their clandestine revamp of the elaborate timepiece had been completed did they reveal themselves. "When we had finished the repairs, we had a big debate on whether we should let the Panth�on's officials know or not," said Lazar Klausmann, a spokesperson for the Untergunther. "We decided to tell them in the end so that they would know to wind the clock up so it would still work. "The Panth�on's administrator thought it was a hoax at first, but when we showed him the clock, and then took him up to our workshop, he had to take a deep breath and sit down." The Centre of National Monuments, embarrassed by the way the group entered the building so easily, did not take to the news kindly, taking legal action and replacing the administrator. Heh... A bit more about the group and other work they have done: Klausmann and his crew are connaisseurs of the Parisian underworld. Since the 1990s they have restored crypts, staged readings and plays in monuments at night, and organised rock concerts in quarries. The network was unknown to the authorities until 2004, when the police discovered an underground cinema, complete with bar and restaurant, under the Seine. They have tried to track them down ever since. But the UX, the name of Untergunther's parent organisation, is a finely tuned organisation. It has around 150 members and is divided into separate groups, which specialise in different activities ranging from getting into buildings after dark to setting up cultural events. Untergunther is the restoration cell of the network. Members know Paris intimately. Many of them were students in the Latin Quarter in the 80s and 90s, when it was popular to have secret parties in Paris's network of tunnels. They have now grown up and become nurses or lawyers, but still have a taste for the capital's underworld, and they now have more than just partying on their mind. "We would like to be able to replace the state in the areas it is incompetent," said Klausmann. "But our means are limited and we can only do a fraction of what needs to be done. There's so much to do in Paris that we won't manage in our lifetime." The Untergunther are already busy working on another restoration mission Paris. The location is top secret, of course. But the Panth�on clock remains one of its proudest feats. "The Latin Quarter is where the concept of human rights came from, it's the centre of everything. The Panth�on clock is in the middle of it. So it's a bit like the clock at the centre of the world." I know that I have done my fair share of ragging on the French but then they go and do something like this that is so totally... totally... French that it boggles the mind. What a wonderful group of people! A big tip of the hat to the Cabinet of Wonders for the link. The parent group mentioned is Les UX - here is a Wikipedia entry , no website that I could find... Posted by DaveH at 8:17 PM | Comments (0) 50 useful Windows tools Each of them are smaller than One Megabyte. Check out Marco Folio's : 50+ under 1MB free useful tools [Windows] Good stuff! Posted by DaveH at 12:27 PM | Comments (0) December 7, 2007 From the Minneapolis, MN Star Tribune : Too many zeros add up to big problems in Carver County Eric Mattson was not surprised that the small vacant lot he bought last year near the shores of Lake Waconia was increasing in value. What shocked him was the $189 million market value the Carver County assessor's office came up with for the 55- by 80-foot lot, making it the most valuable property in Waconia and possibly the county. "It was such an obvious mistake," said Mattson, 41, who was looking at a property tax bill of $2.5 million. "It was over the top. It was very funny." But the fun didn't stop there: But no one is laughing at the assessor's office, where the problem started. Neither is anyone at the Carver County Board, the city of Waconia or the Waconia School District. Those three entities -- which were counting on the $2.5 million in increased property tax collections -- now face the daunting task of raising taxes or cutting budgets to make up for the shortfall. And what the h&^% happened? Lundgren said the trouble began in August when a clerk went into Mattson's file to change the designation of the property, at 233 Lake St. E., from homestead to non-homestead to reflect its change in status after its sale. The clerk filled in the $18,900 proposed valuation, but then mistakenly hit the key to exit the program. The computer added four zeros to fill out the nine numerical spaces required by the software, thus indicating the value was $189,000,000. Increase by a factor of 10,000 I am very surprised that the three entities didn't suspect something when their property tax base jumped by $2.5 million. That sure would have caught my attention. Instead they just made plans to spend it all. Wonder how they will fare in the next election... Posted by DaveH at 10:48 PM | Comments (0) Minimal posting tonight It has been a hella long day for both Jen and me. I took my Dad out to lunch with two visitors from the University of Pittsburgh where he used to teach. They were in Seattle for a function and drove up this morning to visit. I then had a meeting with Sustainable Connections where they talked about a clever web-based tool to connect commercial food buyers (Chef's, Grocery Stores, etc...) with local farmers. Very well run meeting, fascinating ideas and recognized a lot of faces. Finally, I had been nominated to serve on the board of the local Chamber of Commerce -- they had their Annual General Meeting tonight and Jen and I showed up about 30 minutes late. They had already held the elections and I am now on the board! I'll never show up late for one of their meetings again! (grin) Jen's day was even more fun. I usually do the Friday buying run for the store but couldn't because of my Dad's thing. The two keystones for the Friday run is picking up the order from our Organic Distributor at an address in Bellingham (they don't drive out to where we are). We then run back out to the store so our staff can start pricing and stocking these goods. This order is dropped off in the early morning. We then need to meet with one of our Dairy guys at the same address at 3:00pm. Well, Jen gets there around 10:00am - no order. She then goes to some of our other vendors, swings back, no order. It's two and there isn't time to drop everything off at the store and come back to meet the Dairy guy so she hangs out, gets the Dairy and then proceeds to do the rest of the shopping. It is 4:30, I have gotten out of the Sustainable Connections meeting and give her a call on her cell phone to see what she wants for dinner. I figure that her day went normally and she is at the store. I frequently stop and get takeout for us to eat at home. I find that she is also in town and that the Organic Distributor has still not shown up, that she is on contact with them and they say that it's a new driver and he was lost... I swing by the drop-off point and get a call from Jen that the driver is a few blocks away but can't drop off because of the traffic. (it's a busy commercial district right right at prime dinner time). I find him, we pull into a nearby warehouse parking lot, I call Jen back and she rendezvous with us and we get things loaded. We swing back to the store, drop everything off and head out to the Chamber meeting. Like I say, long day and it's time for a glass or two of wine and off to bed... Posted by DaveH at 10:06 PM December 6, 2007 Cool idea BUT... A bit of a flap over the new Western Digital stand-alone network hard drives. Here is the Western Digital web page for the product : My Book� World Edition� II Add this unique remote-access storage system to your wired or wireless network and you�ll have a surprisingly simple and secure way to access and share data and photos at home, in the office, and anywhere in the world--even when your local computer is off. The included RAID software makes it easy for you to take advantage of RAID mirroring for extra data protection. It includes the following feature: WD Anywhere Access� - This storage system and all the files on it are always accessible when you need them, even when your local computer is turned off. Only one weeeee liddle problem here -- read this web page: Western Digital Service and Support : List of file types on a WD My Book World Edition that cannot be shared by WD Anywhere Access. Question WMV Windows Media Video What gives these fucking nannys the right to play traffic cop on a piece of equipment for which you have paid full price. Granted, this is just this one product from this company, the software has a history of poor reliability and you can simply buy a bare WD drive and a $40 NAS box and build your own but still; this is really galling. They are playing traffic cop when there is no way in Hell that they can see where your data came from. Someone getting one of these at Costco with the idea of using it as a media warehouse will be sorely disappointed. And a big tip of the hat to BoingBoing Posted by DaveH at 9:22 PM Well, it seemed a good idea at the time - legal wrangling department Talk about chutzpah! From the Raleigh, NC News & Observer : Pull the plug on Lake Lynn, suit demands Kristin Wallace bought some very wet land as an investment. Eight acres of it, all underneath Lake Lynn. The Cary woman bought the land for $12,500 last year at a public auction of property with delinquent taxes. Now she is suing to try to force the city of Raleigh or Wake County to buy the soggy land from her or drain it. "It's extremely valuable to me," Wallace said, "dry." City and county officials say Wallace, who started investing in real estate less than two years ago, knew the land was lake bottom when she bought it, something she doesn't dispute. "It's bought as is," said Shelley Eason with the County Attorney's Office. Lake Lynn was built in the 1970s to control flooding and has since been enveloped by the city. Easements from private property owners allowed the county to create the lake. It's now surrounded by apartment complexes and dog walkers, cyclists and joggers on the greenway. Wallace's Cary-based company, Sugartree Investment Group, sued the city and county in late August seeking to remove both the water and a wooden footbridge that is part of the city's greenway system ringing the lake. The lawsuit was filed after her lawyer, H. Cliff Kirkhart of Cary, sent several letters to the city and county offering to sell the land for an unspecified amount. Kirkhart wrote that he considers the city to be "trespassing" on the land by allowing joggers and cyclists to use the footbridge. The county, which maintains the lake itself as part of a flood-control project, is acting "malicious" by keeping the land flooded, he wrote in a complaint filed at the courthouse. And the reason the property came up for auction in the first place: The 8 acres weren't always submerged. They were farmland, which was converted into a lake in 1976 as part of the Crabtree Creek Flood Control Project, a county-run initiative that created several dams and lakes to hold floodwaters. Other flood-control lakes include Shelley Lake and Lake Crabtree. In 1983, the 8 acres were bought by now-defunct Lake Lynn Development, which owned surrounding dry land that would become homes and apartments. Lake Lynn Development eventually went out of business. In 2006 the county revenue department noticed that yearly property tax bills of $9 to $35 a year had gone unpaid for more than a decade on the two parcels, one of 6.68 acres in the middle of the lake and a 1.32-acre inlet, Eason said. More as a housekeeping effort than anything else, the county decided to get rid of the property and put it up for auction in September 2006 as required by law to try to recoup unpaid taxes. Expecting no bids, government officials thought the land would be transferred to the city, which would pay off the back taxes. Neither the city nor the county envisioned someone's bidding for the water-logged land, Eason said. Wallace entered the fray in the midst of the auction and made an upset bid of $6,250 on each parcel. She won, and the sheriff's deeds for both parcels were transferred to Sugartree Investment Group. Heh... Looks like she has them by the balls so to speak. An interesting case. Posted by DaveH at 8:36 PM | Comments (0) A rant on connectivity from Chris Byrne An excellent rant on the joys of dealing with communication companies. From The AnarchAngel : An object lesson in poor service, and losing money: The connectivity saga of 2007 Oy... the last few days have been... interesting. I'm going to tell you a story, that should demonstrate to you why every major ISP, Telco, and Cable company in this country is, or has recently been, in financial trouble. Now, I'm a techno geek. An early adopter (though not generally true bleeding edge), and I have a lot of digital services in my life. Most critical among these are my telephone service, my internet service, my mobile phone, and my cable TV. Without the first three, I can't work; and the last makes life a fair bit more entertaining. Now, for telephone service, I've been with Vonage for four years. I love their service, and I never had any problems with it (until a few months ago). Vonage made signing up with them very easy (for me anyway. MY friend John had some major issues, but we were trying to do something the customer service people didn't know how to do), and has always been helpful when I've had customer service questions etc... Similarly, I have T-mobile for my mobile phone provider; I've had them for four years; and I couldn't be happier. I get excellent telephone and mobile internet service; and they make things convenient for me with regards to billing and customer service. I have had phones with Sprint, AT&T, and Verizon before, and I had MAJOR customer services issues with all of them; but T-mobile has been just great. I've also been with Cox cable and internet for four years; and I've had TONS of problems with their service, which I very much do not love. Over the past two years, I've seen my cable and internet bill from Cox go from $106 a month, to $174 a month; with not only no improvement in service, but a worsening. And it just gets better and better... Posted by DaveH at 10:19 AM | Comments (0) Saw this one coming from a mile away... Want to fly to Bali and cover the UN Climate Meeting for your newspaper? You might have some problems - from NewsBusters : Skeptics Denied Press Credentials at UN Climate Meeting in Bali Want more proof of just how biased the United Nations is? A group of reporters representing the conservative newspaper Environment & Climate News were refused press credentials to attend the U.N.'s climate change meeting in Bali this week. I kid you not. The paper's publisher, the Heartland Institute, released the following statement Monday : As the first goals of the Kyoto Protocol are about to expire, the United Nations is preparing a "Conference of the Parties," the highest decision-making authority. The meeting will take place in Bali, Indonesia from December 3 to December 5. But the event lost any claim of impartiality when organizers rejected attempts by representatives of Environment & Climate News to receive press accreditation for the conference. UN press office coordinator Carrie Assheuer said the newspaper's representatives "do not meet the criteria for press accreditation." Environment & Climate News has been in continual publication for 10 years; is sent to more than 75,000 elected officials, opinion leaders, and environmental professionals in the United States; and is one of five newspapers published the by 23-year-old Heartland Institute. Rope, tree -- some assembly required... Posted by DaveH at 9:54 AM | Comments (0) December 5, 2007 Posted by DaveH at 9:01 PM | Comments (0) December 4, 2007 Circuit Breaker blogging What a wonderful day today was... [set sarcasm=off] We had a power outage last evening that came back around 2:00am this morning. I didn't bother to go down to the store as the power had been off for only about three hours -- the freezers are well enough insulated that they can be without power for a good ten/twelve hours. Well, around 11:00am today, we noticed that the internal temperature was 25 degrees and rising and that a lot of the food was starting to thaw. Well crap! Total loss was around $800 at our cost for the food plus an unknown amount for the emergency call to our refrigeration people. What had happened was that when the power came back on, the starting surge of the compressor tripped the circuit breaker. This is a 40 amp breaker and the nominal running current of the compressor is around eight to ten amperes but the breaker was failing. Circuit breakers are designed to fail conservatively -- if you have a 40 amp breaker and it starts to fail, it will trip at lower and lower currents. This is by design as if the breaker failed the other way, you could have an equipment malfunction and the breaker would not trip causing potential overcurrent and fire hazards. Talk about hoist by one's own petard... Anyway, the food is still fine, it never got to unsafe temperatures, it just cannot be refrozen. It is sitting in our walk-in cooler and the Bellingham Food Bank will be getting a lot of nice Pizzas, Juice concentrate, Fruit, Veggies and Box Meals tomorrow morning. Posted by DaveH at 9:11 PM | Comments (0) December 3, 2007 Power blogging Make that without power blogging... Couple of bumps in the night and then pitch black with UPS's beeping all over the place. Fire up the generator, head into our town to check the store. Everything is pitch black except for our honorable competition (a convenience store with a gas station -- we really don't compete for the same market) who has a nice big propane backup power generator. Drive about five miles and everything is dark - finally get to a spot where there are a few trucks parked underneath one of the big feeder lines and there is a wire down. The electric company knows and we should get power back on in a couple of hours. Hopefully as there are several thousand dollars worth of frozen foods in the store and that compressor only runs on 3-phase electricity. The store generator can't run it. Going to check email, have another glass of wine and then shut off the noisemaker and go to sleep... Hopefully, the normal winter insanity will resume in a day or so. It is 60 degrees outside now. Posted by DaveH at 11:08 PM | Comments (0) Por que no te callas - why don't you just shut up Spoken by the King of Spain, Juan Carlos, to Hugo Chavez. The thought is that this outburst may have been instrumental in costing Chavez his bid for lifetime absolute power in Venezuela. Wretchard at The Belmont Club links to Tigerhawk and notices that one of his commenters had the following observation: Students of Spanish may recall that there are two forms of address: the more formal usted, and the familiar tu. The fact that Juan Carlos said "por que no te callas" (using the tu form) added insult to injury. One head of state addressing another would almost always, universally, use "usted", so saying this with tu showed that Juan Carlos thinks of Chavez like an animal or an unruly child. Heh... Posted by DaveH at 9:27 PM | Comments (0) Storm Blogging The Pineapple Express hit with a vengeance this afternoon. Winds gusting in the 70's and 80's, temperature were under 30 degrees yesterday and now they are in the mid 50's, lots of rain, flooding and mudslides. I hear that Seattle took it a lot worse than we did -- I was in a storm there in the early part of this year that dumped 3 inches and the city ground to a halt. Today they got five inches. Our power went out in the early afternoon and was restored around 5:00PM, just had a few seconds outage a few moments ago as I was typing the previous paragraph. Needless to say, all computers are on decent sized UPSs. Here is our local river just below flood stage: The first shows a large standing wave near the bridge that takes us to Bellingham. The second shows an island with some tree snags - only the tips of the snags are showing. Logs were flowing downriver as I was standing there. Still, Jen brought in a bunch of firewood while I was working at the store and if the power goes out again, we have a generator for lights and to keep our deep freezers running (we have the remains of a very tasty cow and an equally tasty pig sitting there at zero degrees Fahrenheit.) Life is good... Posted by DaveH at 8:58 PM | Comments (0) If the price goes up, people will buy less Simple market economics and it bears fruit once again. From Bloomberg : Crude Oil Declines to Five-Week Low Before OPEC Output Meeting Crude oil futures declined to their lowest in more than five weeks before an OPEC production meeting and amid signs of an economic slowdown in the U.S., the world's largest energy user. Consumer spending in the U.S. rose less than forecast in October, fuelling concern that growth is faltering. Twelve out of 22 analysts forecast that the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries will keep output levels unchanged at its Dec. 5 meeting in Abu Dhabi, according to a Bloomberg News survey. "Participants are getting nervous both about the worsening macro backdrop in the U.S., as well as the upcoming OPEC meeting," Edward Meir, an analyst at MF Global Ltd. in Connecticut said in a report today. Crude oil for January delivery fell as much as $1.24, or 1.4 percent, to $87.47 a barrel, its lowest on the New York Mercantile Exchange since Oct. 25. It last traded at $87.95 at 12:18 a.m. London time. The price floats to what level people are willing to spend. Now if they would just get on the ball with Nuclear... Posted by DaveH at 11:40 AM | Comments (0) December 2, 2007 Get 'em young and train them right From your friendly neighborhood Shaolin Temple come these three children: More YouTube Goodness Posted by DaveH at 9:49 PM | Comments (0) CodePlex Microsoft supporting Open Source Software??? Microsoft supporting Open Source Software??? Cats are mating with Dogs and Pigs are flying to the Moon. Check out CodePlex from Microsoft -- just under 3,000 projects, all open source and the ones that I have looked at are pretty good. I was pointing someone to Cropper, a screen capture tool I use regularly and saw that it had been moved to CodePlex and did some exploring. The full list of projects is here: Project Directory Posted by DaveH at 8:53 PM | Comments (0) Prospecting for Geothermal Energy just got a lot easier Very cool idea -- the simplest ones are almost always the best. From Eureka Alert : Helium isotopes point to the best sources of geothermal energy With fossil fuel sources depleting and global warming on the rise, exploring alternative means of power for humans is a necessary reality. Now, looking to the sky, relying on the wind or harnessing water power are not the only remaining options. Deep within Earth is an untapped source of energy: geothermal energy. It has been estimated that within the continental United States, there is a sizable resource of accessible geothermal energy � about 3,000 times the current annual U.S. consumption. Two important reasons this storehouse of energy has not been tapped is that locating the specific energy hot spots is difficult and expensive. �Since many geothermal resources are hidden, that is, they do not show any clear indications of their presence at the surface, locating them by just using observations made at the surface is difficult,� explains Matthijs van Soest, associate research professional at the Noble Gas Geochemistry and Geochronology Laboratory within the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University. �Often when people thought there might be a geothermal resource below the surface the only way to determine if their assumption was correct was drilling and drilling is extremely expensive,� he says. But... Different parts of the Earth are composed of a variety of elements in varying amounts. Earth�s crust contains a variety of noble gases, one of those being helium. Natural helium occurs as two isotopes, helium-4 (4He) and helium-3 (3He.) Typically, helium-4 is more abundant in Earth�s crust, whereas helium-3 is more abundant in the mantle below. Thus, the helium-3/helium-4 ratio of the gas found in groundwater can provide an indication of the extent to which the water has interacted with volcanic rocks derived from the mantle. Waters that have equilibrated only with crustal rocks typically have low helium-3/helium-4 ratios, but Kennedy and van Soest found that some waters from hot springs near the Dixie Valley geothermal power plant in Nevada contained anomalously high ratios. �When we found the elevated ratios, we knew that the only way these waters could be enriched with helium-3 was if they had interacted with fluids from the Earth�s mantle,� explains van Soest. �The area directly surrounding the power plant has about two to three times the values found elsewhere in the region.� The analysis of samples taken from more than 60 features (mostly from hot springs and shallow wells) in the northern Basin and Range showed that other areas with characteristics similar to those of Dixie Valley � higher 3He/4He ratios � could be very favorable for geothermal development. Very cool -- a couple hours work with a Mass Spec. and you can narrow your search to the likely sites. The power plants are more expensive to build but the fuel is free so the trade-off is major. Posted by DaveH at 8:23 PM | Comments (0) Undergoing a Madden-Julian oscillation The last two weeks it has been fairly cold and we had two snowstorms amounting to about 18" total accumulation. A proverbial winter wonderland. The Mt. Baker ski area is in full operation, the store is busy, things are good. Last week, the weather forecasters started warning about a change and it showed up this evening. We know it as a Pineapple Express -- the jet stream drives moist and warm air from the tropics up to where we are. A couple inches accumulation of rain in one day and temps in the 30's and 40's. The engine that drives this is called the Madden-Julian oscillation . From the Wikipedia article: The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an equatorial traveling pattern of anomalous rainfall that is planetary in scale. The mechanism and cause of the MJO is as yet not well-understood and is a subject of ongoing study. MJO is characterized by an eastward progression of large regions of both enhanced and suppressed tropical rainfall, observed mainly over the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The anomalous rainfall is usually first evident over the western Indian Ocean, and remains evident as it propagates over the very warm ocean waters of the western and central tropical Pacific. This pattern of tropical rainfall then generally becomes very nondescript as it moves over the cooler ocean waters of the eastern Pacific but reappears over the tropical Atlantic and Indian Ocean. The wet phase of enhanced convection and precipitation is followed by a dry phase where convection is suppressed. Each cycle lasts approximately 30-60 days. The Wikipedia entry for Pineapple Express outlines what we are in for tomorrow: Pineapple Express is a non-technical, shorthand term popular in the news media for a meteorological phenomenon which is characterized by a strong and persistent flow of atmospheric moisture and associated heavy rainfall from the waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands and extending to any location along the Pacific coast of North America. The Pineapple Express is driven by a strong, southern branch of the Polar jetstream and is usually marked by the presence of a surface frontal boundary which is typically either slow or stationary, with waves of low pressure traveling along its axis. Each of these low pressure systems brings enhanced rainfall. The conditions are often created by the Madden-Julian oscillation, an equatorial rainfall pattern which feeds its moisture into this pattern. They are also present during an El Ni�o episode. The combination of moisture-laden air, atmospheric dynamics, and orographic enhancement resulting from the passage of this air over the mountain ranges of the West Coast causes some of the most torrential rains to occur in the region. Many Pineapple Express events follow or occur simultaneously with major arctic troughs in the Northwestern United States, often leading to major snowmelt flooding with warm, tropical rains falling on frozen, snow laden ground. Examples of this are the December 1964 Pacific Northwest flood and the Willamette Valley Flood of 1996. So the Mt. Baker ski area is closed Monday and Tuesday , we will loose a lot of our base there as well as the lowland snow (snow levels are due to rise to 6,000' tomorrow). Well crap! Posted by DaveH at 8:05 PM Life at the top - the very far north that is Gene Weingarten travels to Savoonga, Alaska and writes about live in the arctic. Check out this Washington Post article: Snowbound Let's say you were looking for a vacation destination in winter. And also, that you were out of your mind. You might pull out a map of Alaska, locate Anchorage, and then let your eyes roam north and west, across mountain ranges, through millions of acres of wilderness, until you ran out of dirt. You would be in Nome. Nome: the last outpost, Babylon on the Bering, famously dissolute, said to be home to the desperate, the disillusioned, the hollow-eyed, the surrendered, the exiles, the castaways, the cutthroats, the half dead and the fully juiced. Nome, the end of the Earth. Only it isn't the end of the Earth. You can see that, right on the map. To get to the end of the Earth from Nome you would have to hop a small plane and head 130 miles out into the Bering Sea, where you would land on an island so remote that it is closer to Russia than the U.S. mainland. To the people of Siberia, this island is the middle of nowhere. On it, according to the map, is a village named Savoonga. Savoonga. Va-voom. Bunga bunga. Funny, no? I thought so, too, when I first saw it. It gave me an idea for a funny story. In the dead of winter, I would pack up and blindly head to Savoonga, unannounced and unprepared. No research at all, no planning beyond the booking of a room, if there was one to be had. The whole thing was an inside joke, one with a swagger. It is a journalist's conceit that a good reporter can find a great story anywhere--in any life, however humble, and in any place, however unwelcoming. That is how photographer Michael Williamson and I came to be in a small commuter plane in late February, squinting out onto a landscape as forbidding, and as starkly beautiful, as anything we'd ever seen. Land was indistinguishable from sea--the white subarctic vista, lit to iridescence by a midafternoon sun, was flat and frozen straight to the horizon. The first clue that we were over an island was when the village materialized below us. It looked as negligible as a boot print in the snow, the grimy, nubby tread left by galoshes. The nubs were one-story buildings, a few dozen of them, and that was it. I'm back now, trying to make sense of what we saw, trying to figure out how to tell it. It's all still with me, except for the swagger. A fascinating account of life in the far north. Problems with food, alcoholism, child suicides. The isolation is so strong that whenever someone leaves to the lower 48, many times they can't deal with what passes for modern civilization and move back. Austin Bay has a wonderful examination of the problems in Zimbabwe at Strategy Page : Tragedy in Zimbabwe The government's own inflation data put the inflation rate at 7,600 percent a year. Economic analysts outside of Zimbabwe think it may be even higher, 8,500 percent to perhaps as high as 15,000 percent. An IMF "forecast" says the real rate could reach 100,000 percent. Boggling? It's beyond boggling. All of these figures are so large that in terms of policy �and poverty-- the statistical differences are meaningless. Recently a Zimbabwean government official admitted that the real inflation rate is "incalculable" because there are so few goods available in the country. Staples like meat, bread and cooking oil are not available in retail grocery stores. Gasoline (except for government officials and friends of the ruling ZANU-PF party) disappeared many months ago. A statistic that really does matter is unemployment. No one really knows what the unemployment rate is in Zimbabwe. Visit the Web and you will find estimates from fifty to eighty percent. As always, you have to ask not only who did the survey but what constitutes employment. Zimbabwe's once flourishing tourist industry has all but disappeared. In 1999, 1.4 million tourists visited Zimbabwe. Now there are no tourists. An estimated 200,000 Zimbabweans once worked in a tourism-related job (hotels, restaurants, etc.). Almost everyone agrees, however, that commercial agriculture jobs are (or were) a key component in Zimbabwe's economy. Since 2000, Zimbabwe has lost between 250,000 and 400,000 jobs in its once productive agricultural sector. In 2003 the UN reported approximately 100,000 farm workers were still employed on commercial farms. That was a decrease of 250,000 from an estimated 350,000 workers employed by commercial farms in 2000 prior to president Mugabe's first "land redistribution" program, his "agrarian revolution" called the "Third Chimurenga," or "liberation struggle." The vast majority of those farms were owned by whites. The Zimbabwe Commercial Farmers Union reported that there were approximately 4,500 white-owned commercial farms in Zimbabwe in 2000. The higher agricultural worker job loss figure is based a recent estimate, which means it is a very iffy statistic, like Zimbabwe's actual inflation rate. In 2000 the UN estimated that the 350,000 farm workers supported roughly two million people. Using the same ratio (5.7 per worker) that means 2.28 million people who once had well-paying jobs (by Zimbabwean standards) now have little or no income. That is out of a 2005 population of around 13 million people. Many of these once well-employed remain "living on the land" as squatters or "tenant farmers without rights." They do grow some crops but their situation is "hand to mouth," meaning they are now subsistence farmers. These Zimbabweans have effectively lost a century's worth of economic development. Indeed, Zimbabwean dictator Robert Mugabe has taken what should be one of Africa's wealthiest countries and turned it into an economic and political wasteland. Lots more at Strategy Page including some good reasons why other African states are not clamoring for Mugabe's removal. Studio classics in need of facelifts Films are fading, and digital can't save them In Cannes this year, Martin Scorsese talked about the importance of preserving such films as Ahmed El Maanouni's 1981 Moroccan music documentary "Trances." But he didn't mention that his own "Taxi Driver" is deteriorating. Although the 1976 film is part of Sony's vast library, few are rallying to its aid. The myriad film-preservation orgs throw their money and muscle behind titles that are indie, foreign or obscure. It's assumed Hollywood's majors will take care of their own films. In fact, they don't. One Paramount veteran compared the studio's vault to a teenager's chaotic bedroom. In fact, a visitor accidentally stepped on the negative of "Rosemary's Baby," which was unspooled on the floor. With constant pressure on the bottom line, studio execs often lack the funds -- or interest -- to make sure their heritage is being cared for properly. Digital technology, which was touted as the salvation of film, has turned out to be deeply flawed, deteriorating faster than anyone imagined. A bit more: Other vulnerable pics from the era include the seminal dark comedy "Harold and Maude," which is in grave condition. Even "The Godfather" was recently in need of triage. Paramount sent the original camera negative to Warner Bros.' facilities for color correction and sound remixing, among other restorations. The Francis Ford Coppola movie has been a consistent money-maker since its 1972 bow, on vidcassette, DVD and homevideo. If that movie is in need of repair, what hope is there for lesser-grossing films? In December 2006, the National Film Registry listed, as usual, 25 films it feels warrant preservation, including "Groundhog Day" (1993) and "Fargo" (1996). Clearly, this is not just a concern for early Hollywood films. And one more: For the first half of the century, studios let their sprawling libraries fall into disarray. The result is half of all American films made before 1950 have been destroyed, while 80% of U.S.-produced pics dating before 1929 are lost. But film preservation and restoration efforts sprung up in the early 1960s. Mayer, a longtime MGM executive, launched the first large-scale effort to safeguard a studio library in 1965, when he oversaw MGM's construction of refrigerated vaults to house its library, which included such titles as "Gone With the Wind" and "The Wizard of Oz." And these people have the gall to bitch about 'intelectual property' when they are not able to take care of their own treasures. Posted by DaveH at 11:32 AM | Comments (0) Could have seen this one coming Remember the case of the Baltimore Fire Fighter (a paramedic apprentice) who discovered a noose and a threatening note inside the Firehouse? From Baltimore station WJZ/AP : Fire Dept. Suspends Apprentice For Noose, Note The Baltimore Fire Department has suspended a paramedic apprentice who admitted placing a threatening note and a rope shaped like a noose inside a firehouse. Fire officials say the paramedic, Gary Maynard, is the one who initially reported finding the note and the rope. Fire department spokesman Kevin Cartwright says Maynard confessed to city police that he left the note and the rope. A statement from Fire Chief William Goodwin says Maynard's scheme was "meant to create the perception that members within our department were acting in a discriminatory and unprofessional manner." The note was believed to refer to a cheating scandal involving black firefighters. Maynard, who is black, has not yet been charged with any crime. Yup - sticken' it to the Man... What a maroon. Posted by DaveH at 11:23 AM | Comments (0) December 1, 2007 From the Seattle Times : Sperm donor liable for child support, judge rules MELVILLE, N.Y. � A New York man who said he donated sperm to a female co-worker as a friendly gesture and sent presents and cards to the child over the years likely will owe child support for the college-bound teenager, according to a judge's ruling. "What's the saying? No good deed goes unpunished," said Deborah Kelly, a Garden City lawyer for the man, who like all the involved parties remains anonymous because of privacy concerns. Family Court Judge Ellen Greenberg ruled Nov. 16 that despite the mother's willingness to have the child's DNA tested, the man could not seek a paternity test to determine if he is the biological father because the results could have a "traumatic effect" upon the child, who is now 18 and lives in Oregon with the mother. The next step is a meeting with a support magistrate to determine the amount of child-support payments � if any � the man would have to pay until the child turns 21, Kelly said. Even without genetic evidence, the man's interactions with the child over the years had a patriarchal nature, said Jeffrey Herbst, a county attorney who represents the mother in the lawsuit through a federal agreement called the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act. Christ on a corn dog... The guy did send cards and presents to the kid but he was not there raising him, the two women were. Their relationship broke up and now they want the sperm donor to pony up money to raise the kid. Wake up and smell the cappuccino people. Posted by DaveH at 10:15 PM | Comments (0) Meet Charlie Check out The Daily Coyote Written by 30 year old Shreve Stockton and details the account of her adopting a 10 day old baby Coyote and living with him and her tomcat in a log cabin in Wyoming. Some wonderful photography. -- here are two: Shreve has also ridden across the USA on a Vespa scooter and she blogged about it here: Vespa Vagabond First one is from Augusta, Georgia. From the Savannah Morning News : 3 arrested as printer is returned; fake money found inside Police say three people wanted some easy money, but instead they gave authorities an easy catch. Police arrested the three Wednesday evening after a Harlem man reportedly tried to return a printer to Target with fake printed money inside the machine. A clerk told police she was checking the package returned by Michael Jerome Chatman, 35, of Harlem, when she saw a piece of paper inside the printer. On it were copies of a $20 and $10 bill, according to a Richmond County sheriff's report. Police say Chatman quickly grabbed the printer and ran from the store but was stopped by a Richmond County deputy outside. Police arrested Diamond Tiara Green, 30, and Kotto Yaphet Green, 24, both of the 3300 block of Jonathan Circle, and Chatman on charges of second-degree forgery, the report says. Upon frisking Chatman, police found a real $20 bill that they said matched the copy inside the printer. Not to be outdone, this is more bad timing than stupidity but still... From the Everett, WA Herald : Trash truck scoops up suspect She tried to make a clean getaway. Instead, the 13-year-old robbery suspect's hiding place in a trash bin got turned upside down as it was emptied into a garbage truck Friday morning. The girl came tumbling out in front of Snohomish County sheriff's deputies, who were tracking her, and just happened to arrive as the bin was being dumped, sheriff's spokeswoman Rebecca Hover said. "She was hiding inside the dumpster under some garbage," Hover said. "She was unloaded, too." The girl wasn't hurt and police quickly put her in handcuffs, she said. About 9 a.m. Friday, police believe the girl and a boy, 16, both from Everett, robbed the Pizza Hut in the 400 block of 128th Street SW, Hover said. Police got the guy too.

i don't know

What’s missing: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian, The Silver Chair, The Horse and His Boy, The Magician’s Nephew, The Last Battle?

Narnia Set by Lewis - AbeBooks Narnia Set by Lewis Results (1 - 29) of 29 Sort By  Search Within These Results: Bookseller Image Published by HarperCollins, New York (1998) Used Hardcover Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: HarperCollins, New York, 1998. Book Condition: Near Fine. First printing thus. Laminated illustrated boards. Two volume set in a matching slip case. Both books are square and solid with bright unmarked covers. Internally sound, clean, and unmarked. in a bright intact slipcase. Illustrated by Pauline Bayres. Oversize set incurs extra shipping for Domestic Priority and International, inquire ahead. Bookseller Inventory # 01009021 More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 1. Bookseller Image Lewis, C. S.; Baynes, Pauline [Illustrator] Published by HarperCollins (1998) ISBN 10: 0060845287 ISBN 13: 9780060845285 Used Hardcover Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: HarperCollins, 1998. Hardcover. Book Condition: Very Good. Dust Jacket Condition: Slip Case. this set of 2 books encased in a sturdy clean slipcase both have clean tight unmarked pages. and the slipcase is clean and unmarked. Bookseller Inventory # vl692 Published by Collier, New York, New York, U.S.A. (1977) Used Boxed Set Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Collier, New York, New York, U.S.A., 1977. Boxed Set. Book Condition: Very Good. Dust Jacket Condition: Good. Baynes, Pauline (illustrator). Reprint. Boxed set from Colllier contains all 7 books in the Narnia series: "The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; The Horse and His Boy; The Magician's Nephew"; & "The Last Battle." All books have illustrations adapted from art by Pauline Baynes. Orig. published in this mass market paperback format in 1970, this set is from the late 1970s. Condition of Books is VG- (minus): generally very clean, bingins tight & square. NO writing or underlining or highlighting. Pages moderately tanned, commensurate with age, but very supple. All have edgewear ranging from very light to moderate. Book 4 has some light creases to front cover. The Box is downgraded to only Good (solid, but with defects) due to rubbing & wear to extremities, heaviest on bottom. All corners are worn, & there are two torn patches that have been glued on the orange side. Please see our 5 photos! Description copyright Gargoyle Books 2016. Same Day Shipping on all orders received by 2 pm Weekdays (Pacific time); Weekends & holidays ship next business day. SORRY: too large for international or expedited shipping without substantial postage increase!. Bookseller Inventory # 013303 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Grafton Books, 2002. Paperback. Book Condition: Very good. 7th printing of this new edition. VGC.Grafton Books,2002.7th printing of this new edition(7 9 10 8).Boxset with seven paperbacks.Paperbacks(small nicks and crease on the edges of the covers and spines) in VGC, with an illustrated slipcase (small nicks,dents and tear on the edges of the slipcase) in GC plus.Illustrated with b/w drawings.Illustrations by Pauline Baynes.Nice and clean pages with small ink marks and light shelf wear on the outer edges,previous owner's name written inside the front endpaper on all books,small creases and nicks on the edges of the pages.The boxset is in VGC with some shelf wear on the slipcase.Heavy boxset. Bookseller Inventory # 9392 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Puffin; Penguin Books, 1977. Paperback. Book Condition: Good. Seven volume set in slipcover. Some shelfwear to slip cover, rubbing to edges, but largely in good condition. Books in good condition, minimal shelfwear to covers, some slight creasing and rubbing, evidence of having been read, but well kept for age. Bindings and text blocks in good, tight condition, light foxing to some volume edges, consistent with age. Text and in text illustrations clear and bright throughout. A lovely set. Good condition is defined as: a copy that has been read but remains in clean condition. All of the pages are intact and the cover is intact and the spine may show signs of wear. The book may have minor markings which are not specifically mentioned. Most items will be dispatched the same or the next working day. Bookseller Inventory # mon0006137675 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Ted Smart - Collins, London, 1997. Hardcover. Book Condition: Near Fine. Dust Jacket Condition: Near Fine. Baynes, Pauline (illustrator). 9" x 5 3/4" x 6 1/4". A very smart, clean and bright box set of 'The Chronicles of Narnia' with beautiful decorative dust jackets and slipcase by Julek Heller and fully illustrated in black & white by Pauline Baynes. Hard covers with silver lettering to the spine, the books are generally very clean and sharp and so are the dust jackets. - The Magician's Nephew: very light rubbing to the tips of the spine, light crease to the top edge and bottom front corner and a couple of pages with corner creases. - The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe: light bumping to the rear bottom corner and rubbing to the tips of the spine. Dust jacket with very light rubbing to the panels, creases to the edges, scuffing and small tear to the corner - still very smart and bright. This first two volumes with previous owner's name neatly penciled to ffep. - The Horse and His Boy, Prince Caspian, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Silver Chair, The Last Battle: all in near fine condition. Slipcase with light surface scratches and repaired split to the top rear as seen in photos. **Very heavy, additional postage will be required. Bookseller Inventory # PF1204 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: London The Folio Society 1998, 1998. Second Printing. Seven Volumes, 8vo., bound in green cloth gilt, illus with b/w drawings, with gold and colour pictorial slipcase. Clean set with no previous ownership inscriptions or annotation. Very slight shelfwear to slipcase, overall a VG set, in a VG slipcase. (SHELF 48) ** Pictures available upon request , if not already displayed here. NOTE: Very Heavy Set: (3.1 kg +) postage outside the UK might incur a surcharge** The shop is open 7 days a week. Over 20,000 books in stock - come and browse. PayPal, credit and most debit cards welcome. Books posted worldwide. For any queries please contact us direct. Bookseller Inventory # 42290 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Geofrey Bles 1950-1956, London, 1950. First British editions of each of the seven volumes in the author's acclaimed Narnia Series. Octavo, 7 volumes. Each is finely bound in full red morocco, raised bands, gilt titles to the spine, gilt ruled to the front and rear panels, all edges gilt. Housed in a custom half morocco clamshell box. Illustrations throughout by Pauline Baynes. Octavo, seven volumes. An exceptional set. The Chronicles of Narnia is "unforgettable not only for the excitement and suspense of the adventures but also for the strong emotions they describe so well [and they are] further enriched by Lewis' skillful use of language" (Silvey, 406). "Each book has something new and different to offer and there is no weakening of either inspiration or interest" (Eyre, 132). It is interesting that Lewis' inspiration came from a dream: "At first I had very little idea how the story would go. But then suddenly Aslan came bounding into it. I think I had been having a good many dreams of lions about that time[O]nce he was there, he pulled the whole story together, and soon he pulled the six other Narnian stories in after him (On Stories: And Other Essays on Literature, 1980). Lewis was "concerned to do for children what he had done for an adult readership in his science fiction to re-imagine thestory in an exciting narrative context [The Narnia books are] intoxicating to all but the most relentlessly unimaginative of readers, and must be judged the most sustained achievement in fantasy for children by a 20th-century author" (Carpenter & Pritchard, 370). Bookseller Inventory # 13006 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: LEWIS,C.S. NARNIA CHRONICLES: A COMPLETE SET OF FIRST EDITIONS. This is a complete set in dust wrappers of the 7 volumes of Lewis' landmark classic fantasy of the Narnia Chronicles. The first five titles were published in London by Bles and the final two published in London by the Bodley Head. Each is 8vo, cloth and overall in excellent condition, all with neat owner name on endpaper. Price intact on all but the first in the series. Illustrated by PAULINE BAYNES: 1. The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe (1950). Slight fading on edge of cover else Fine in dw with light fraying to spine ends, slight rubbing on back panel. 2. Prince Caspian [1951]. Fine in dw with slightest touch of fraying on spine extrems and 2 tiny closed edge tears. 3. Voyage of the Daw Treader [1952]. Fine in near fine dw. 4. Silver Chair (1953). Fine in dw lightly frayed at spine ends, closed tear on spine. 5. Horse and His Boy (1954). Spine slightly faded else Fine in dw frayed at head of spine and with a few small closed tears. 6. Magicians Nephew 1955. Fine in fine dust wrapper 7. Last Battle 1956. Fine in fine dust wrapper. Altogether a beautiful set not often found in such nice condition. Bookseller Inventory # 16303 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Geoffrey Bles 1950-1956., London, 1950. First editions of each of the Chronicles of Narnia. Octavo, 7 Volumes. The set comprises of The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe, Prince Caspian, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, The Silver Chair, The Horse and His Boy, The Magician's Nephew, and The Last Battle. Each are in lovely condition with only light wear in their original jackets, without any restoration. Housed in a custom half morocco clamshell box. An exceptional set. The Chronicles of Narnia is "unforgettable not only for the excitement and suspense of the adventures but also for the strong emotions they describe so well [and they are] further enriched by Lewis' skillful use of language" (Silvey, 406). "Each book has something new and different to offer and there is no weakening of either inspiration or interest" (Eyre, 132). It is interesting that Lewis' inspiration came from a dream: "At first I had very little idea how the story would go. But then suddenly Aslan came bounding into it. I think I had been having a good many dreams of lions about that time[O]nce he was there, he pulled the whole story together, and soon he pulled the six other Narnian stories in after him (On Stories: And Other Essays on Literature, 1980). Lewis was "concerned to do for children what he had done for an adult readership in his science fiction to re-imagine thestory in an exciting narrative context [The Narnia books are] intoxicating to all but the most relentlessly unimaginative of readers, and must be judged the most sustained achievement in fantasy for children by a 20th-century author" (Carpenter & Pritchard, 370). Bookseller Inventory # 3747

The Voyage of the Dawn Treader

In the motion picture industry, what does a gaffer do?

9780064405379 - The Chronicles of Narnia: the Magician's Nephew/the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe/the Horse and His Boy/prince Caspian/voyage of the Dawn Treader/the Silver Chai... - AbeBooks 9780064405379 - The Chronicles of Narnia: the Magician's Nephew/the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe/the Horse and His Boy/prince Caspian/voyage of the Dawn Treader/the Silver Chai... You Searched For: Results (1 - 30) of 38 1 Search Within These Results: Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 Used More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 1. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 Used More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 2. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 Used PAPERBACK More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 3. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 Used Softcover Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: HarperCollins, 1994. Book Condition: Used. This Book is in Good Condition. Clean Copy With Light Amount of Wear. 100% Guaranteed. Summary: This paperback box set of C. S. Lewis's classic fantasy series The Chronicles of Narnia includes cover art by two time Caldecott Medal-winning illustrator Chris van Allsburg and the complete black-and-white original interior art by Pauline Baynes. For over sixty years, readers of all ages have been enchanted by the magical realms, the epic battles between good and evil, and the unforgettable creatures of Narnia. This box set includes all seven titles in The Chronicles of NarniaThe Magician's Nephew; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe; The Horse and His Boy; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; and The Last Battlewith interior black-and-white art by Pauline Baynes, the original illustrator. Bookseller Inventory # ABE_book_usedgood_0064405370 More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 4. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 New Paperback More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 5. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 Used Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: HarperCollins, U.s.a., 1994. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Magician's Nephew/The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe/The Horse and His Boy/Prince Caspian/Voyage of the Dawn Treader/The Silver Chair/The Last Battle - An Unread Set in Slipcase. As New with minor corner wear to the slipcase. Bookseller Inventory # 019948 More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 6. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 Used Paperback More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 7. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 New Softcover Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: HarperCollins, 1994. Book Condition: New. Brand New, Unread Copy in Perfect Condition. A+ Customer Service! Summary: This paperback box set of C. S. Lewis's classic fantasy series The Chronicles of Narnia includes cover art by two time Caldecott Medal-winning illustrator Chris van Allsburg and the complete black-and-white original interior art by Pauline Baynes. For over sixty years, readers of all ages have been enchanted by the magical realms, the epic battles between good and evil, and the unforgettable creatures of Narnia. This box set includes all seven titles in The Chronicles of NarniaThe Magician's Nephew; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe; The Horse and His Boy; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; and The Last Battlewith interior black-and-white art by Pauline Baynes, the original illustrator. Bookseller Inventory # ABE_book_new_0064405370 ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 New Softcover Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Softcover. Book Condition: New. New. This item is new unopened, never used and still in its original manufacturer condition. Tracking number will be provided to you so that you may track your order (for all USA orders). Bookseller Inventory # 9088725 More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 9. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 New PAPERBACK More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 10. Stock Image ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 New PAPERBACK ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 Used Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: Harper Perennial, NY, 1994. Chris Van Allsburg (illustrator). First thus. Titles from slipcase -- Book 1: The Magician's Nephew; Book 2: The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe, Book 3: The Horse And His Boy, Book 4: Prince Caspian, Book 5: The Voyage Of The Dawn Treader, Book 6: The Silver Chair, Book 7: The Last Battle. Illustrations by Chris Van Allsburg. Books unread, upper corners of slipcase lightly bumped. Bookseller Inventory # 22191 ISBN 10: 0064405370 ISBN 13: 9780064405379 New Paperback Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: HarperCollins Publishers. Paperback. Book Condition: New. Paperback. Dimensions: 7.8in. x 5.2in. x 3.4in.This paperback box set of C. S. Lewiss classic fantasy series The Chronicles of Narnia includes cover art by two time Caldecott Medal-winning illustrator Chris van Allsburg and the complete black-and-white original interior art by Pauline Baynes. For over sixty years, readers of all ages have been enchanted by the magical realms, the epic battles between good and evil, and the unforgettable creatures of Narnia. This box set includes all seven titles in The Chronicles of NarniaThe Magicians Nephew; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe; The Horse and His Boy; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; and The Last Battlewith interior black-and-white art by Pauline Baynes, the original illustrator. This item ships from multiple locations. Your book may arrive from Roseburg,OR, La Vergne,TN. Paperback. Bookseller Inventory # 9780064405379 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: ZONDERVAN, United States, 1995. Paperback. Book Condition: New. New edition. 198 x 135 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. This paperback box set of C. S. Lewis s classic fantasy series The Chronicles of Narnia includes cover art by two time Caldecott Medal-winning illustrator Chris van Allsburg and the complete black-and-white original interior art by Pauline Baynes. For over sixty years, readers of all ages have been enchanted by the magical realms, the epic battles between good and evil, and the unforgettable creatures of Narnia. This box set includes all seven titles in The Chronicles of Narnia--The Magician s Nephew; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe;The Horse and His Boy; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; and The Last Battle--with interior black-and-white art by Pauline Baynes, the original illustrator. Bookseller Inventory # ABZ9780064405379 Destination, Rates & Speeds Item Description: ZONDERVAN, United States, 1995. Paperback. Book Condition: New. New edition. 198 x 135 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book. This paperback box set of C. S. Lewis s classic fantasy series The Chronicles of Narnia includes cover art by two time Caldecott Medal-winning illustrator Chris van Allsburg and the complete black-and-white original interior art by Pauline Baynes. For over sixty years, readers of all ages have been enchanted by the magical realms, the epic battles between good and evil, and the unforgettable creatures of Narnia. This box set includes all seven titles in The Chronicles of Narnia--The Magician s Nephew; The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe;The Horse and His Boy; Prince Caspian; The Voyage of the Dawn Treader; The Silver Chair; and The Last Battle--with interior black-and-white art by Pauline Baynes, the original illustrator. Bookseller Inventory # ABZ9780064405379

i don't know

What chapter from Kenneth Grahame's 1908 book The Wind in the Willows lent its' name to the 1967 debut album from Pink Floyd?

Pan (god) | Religion-wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Faunus In Greek religion and mythology , Pan (Ancient Greek : Πᾶν, Pān) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music, and companion of the nymphs . [1] His name originates within the Ancient Greek language, from the word paein (πάειν), meaning "to pasture." [2] He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr . With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is recognized as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. The ancient Greeks also considered Pan to be the god of theatrical criticism. [3] In Roman religion and myth , Pan's counterpart was Faunus , a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea , sometimes identified as Fauna. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe, and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement. [4] Contents [ show ] Origins In his earliest appearance in literature, Pindar's Pythian Ode iii. 78, Pan is associated with a mother goddess , perhaps Rhea or Cybele ; Pindar refers to virgins worshipping Cybele and Pan near the poet's house in Boeotia. [5] The parentage of Pan is unclear; [6] in some myths he is the son of Zeus , though generally he is the son of Hermes or Dionysus , with whom his mother is said to be a nymph , sometimes Dryope or, in Nonnus, Dionysiaca (14.92), Penelope of Mantineia in Arcadia. This nymph at some point in the tradition became conflated with Penelope, the wife of Odysseus . Pausanias 8.12.5 records the story that Penelope had in fact been unfaithful to her husband, who banished her to Mantineia upon his return. Other sources (Duris of Samos; the Vergilian commentator Servius) report that Penelope slept with all 108 suitors in Odysseus' absence, and gave birth to Pan as a result. [7] This myth reflects the folk etymology that equates Pan's name (Πάν) with the Greek word for "all" (πᾶν). [8] It is more likely to be cognate with paein, "to pasture", and to share an origin with the modern English word "pasture". In 1924, Hermann Collitz suggested that Greek Pan and Indic Pushan might have a common Indo-European origin. [9] In the Mystery cults of the highly syncretic Hellenistic era [10] Pan is made cognate with Phanes/Protogonos , Zeus , Dionysus and Eros . [11] The Roman Faunus , a god of Indo-European origin, was equated with Pan. However, accounts of Pan's genealogy are so varied that it must lie buried deep in mythic time. Like other nature spirits, Pan appears to be older than the Olympians , if it is true that he gave Artemis her hunting dogs and taught the secret of prophecy to Apollo . Pan might be multiplied as the Panes (Burkert 1985, III.3.2; Ruck and Staples 1994 p 132 [12] ) or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (1951 p 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, one the son of Zeus and twin of Arcas , and one a son of Cronus . "In the retinue of Dionysus , or in depictions of wild landscapes, there appeared not only a great Pan, but also little Pans, Paniskoi, who played the same part as the Satyrs ". Worship The worship of Pan began in Arcadia which was always the principal seat of his worship. Arcadia was a district of mountain people whom other Greeks disdained. Greek hunters used to scourge the statue of the god if they had been disappointed in the chase (Theocritus. vii. 107). Being a rustic god, Pan was not worshipped in temples or other built edifices, but in natural settings, usually caves or grottoes such as the one on the north slope of the Acropolis of Athens. The only exception is the temple of Pan on the Neda River gorge, in southwestern Peloponnese, the ruins of which survive to this day. Mythology The goat-god Aegipan was nurtured by Amalthea with the infant Zeus in Athens. In Zeus' battle with Gaia , Aegipan and Hermes stole back Zeus' "sinews" that Typhon had hidden away in the Corycian Cave. [13] Pan aided his foster-brother in the battle with the Titans by letting out a horrible screech and scattering them in terror. According to some traditions, Aegipan was the son of Pan, rather than his father. One of the famous myths of Pan involves the origin of his pan flute, fashioned from lengths of hollow reed. Syrinx was a lovely water- nymph of Arcadia, daughter of Landon, the river-god . As she was returning from the hunt one day, Pan met her. To escape from his importunities, the fair nymph ran away and didn't stop to hear his compliments. He pursued from Mount Lycaeum until she came to her sisters who immediately changed her into a reed. When the air blew through the reeds, it produced a plaintive melody. The god, still infatuated, took some of the reeds, because he could not identify which reed she became, and cut seven pieces (or according to some versions, nine), joined them side by side in gradually decreasing lengths, and formed the musical instrument bearing the name of his beloved Syrinx. Henceforth Pan was seldom seen without it. Echo was a nymph who was a great singer and dancer and scorned the love of any man. This angered Pan, a lecherous god, and he instructed his followers to kill her. Echo was torn to pieces and spread all over earth. The goddess of the earth, Gaia , received the pieces of Echo, whose voice remains repeating the last words of others. In some versions, Echo and Pan first had one child: Iambe. In other versions, Pan had fallen in love with Echo, but she scorned the love of any man but was enraptured by Narcissus. As Echo was cursed by Hera to only be able to repeat words that had been said by someone else, she could not speak for herself. She followed Narcissus to a pool, where he fell in love with his own reflection and changed into a narcissus flower. Echo wasted away, but her voice could still be heard in caves and other such similar places. Pan also loved a nymph named Pitys, who was turned into a pine tree to escape him. Disturbed in his secluded afternoon naps, Pan's angry shout inspired panic (panikon deima) in lonely places. [14] [15] Following the Titans' assault on Olympus, Pan claimed credit for the victory of the gods because he had frightened the attackers. In the Battle of Marathon (490 BCE), it is said that Pan favored the Athenians and so inspired panic in the hearts of their enemies, the Persians . [16] Erotic aspects Pan is famous for his sexual powers, and is often depicted with a phallus. Diogenes of Sinope, speaking in jest, related a myth of Pan learning masturbation from his father, Hermes , and teaching the habit to shepherds. [17] Pan's greatest conquest was that of the moon goddess Selene . He accomplished this by wrapping himself in a sheepskin [18] to hide his hairy black goat form, and drew her down from the sky into the forest where he seduced her. Pan and music In two late Roman sources, Hyginus [19] and Ovid , [20] Pan is substituted for the satyr Marsyas in the theme of a musical competition ( agon ), and the punishment by flaying is omitted. Pan once had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo , and to challenge Apollo, the god of the lyre, to a trial of skill. Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes and gave great satisfaction with his rustic melody to himself and to his faithful follower, Midas , who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. Midas dissented and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer and turned Midas' ears into those of a donkey. In another version of the myth, the first round of the contest was a tie, so the competitors were forced to hold a second round. In this round, Apollo demanded that they play their instruments upside-down. Apollo, playing the lyre, was unaffected. However, Pan's pipe could not be played while upside down, so Apollo won the contest. Capricornus The constellation Capricornus is traditionally depicted as a sea-goat, a goat with a fish's tail (see "Goatlike" Aigaion called Briareos, one of the Hecatonchires ). A myth reported as "Egyptian" in Gaius Julius Hyginus' Poetic Astronomy [21] that would seem to be invented to justify a connection of Pan with Capricorn says that when Aegipan — that is Pan in his goat-god aspect — [18] was attacked by the monster Typhon , he dove into the Nile ; the parts above the water remained a goat, but those under the water transformed into a fish. Epithets Aegocerus "goat-horned" was an epithet of Pan descriptive of his figure with the horns of a goat. [22] All of the Pans Pan could be multiplied into a swarm of Pans, and even be given individual names, as in Nonnus' Dionysiaca, where the god Pan had twelve sons that helped Dionysus in his war against the Indians . Their names were Kelaineus, Argennon, Aigikoros, Eugeneios, Omester, Daphoineus, Phobos, Philamnos, Xanthos, Glaukos, Argos, and Phorbas. Two other Pans were Agreus and Nomios. Both were the sons of Hermes , Agreus' mother being the nymph Sose, a prophetess: he inherited his mother's gift of prophecy, and was also a skilled hunter. Nomios' mother was Penelope (not the same as the wife of Odysseus ). He was an excellent shepherd, seducer of nymphs, and musician upon the shepherd's pipes. Most of the mythological stories about Pan are actually about Nomios, not the god Pan. Although, Agreus and Nomios could have been two different aspects of the prime Pan, reflecting his dual nature as both a wise prophet and a lustful beast. Aegipan, literally "goat-Pan," was a Pan who was fully goatlike, rather than half-goat and half-man. When the Olympians fled from the monstrous giant Typhoeus and hid themselves in animal form, Aegipan assumed the form of a fish-tailed goat. Later he came to the aid of Zeus in his battle with Typhoeus, by stealing back Zeus' stolen sinews. As a reward the king of the gods placed him amongst the stars as the Constellation Capricorn. The mother of Aegipan, Aix (the goat), was perhaps associated with the constellation Capra. Sybarios was an Italian Pan who was worshipped in the Greek colony of Sybaris in Italy. The Sybarite Pan was conceived when a Sybarite shepherd boy named Krathis copulated with a pretty she-goat amongst his herds. The "Death" of Pan Pan, Mikhail Vrubel 1900. According to the Greek historian Plutarch (in De defectu oraculorum, "The Obsolescence of Oracles"), [23] Pan is the only Greek god (other than Asclepius) who actually dies. During the reign of Tiberius (14–37 CE), the news of Pan's death came to one Thamus, a sailor on his way to Italy by way of the island of Paxi. A divine voice hailed him across the salt water, "Thamus, are you there? When you reach Palodes, [24] take care to proclaim that the great god Pan is dead." Which Thamus did, and the news was greeted from shore with groans and laments. Robert Graves ( The Greek Myths ) reported a suggestion that had been made by Salomon Reinach [25] and expanded by James S. Van Teslaar [26] that the hearers aboard the ship, including a supposed Egyptian, Thamus, apparently misheard Thamus Panmegas tethneke 'the all-great Tammuz is dead' for 'Thamus, Great Pan is dead!', Thamous, Pan ho megas tethneke. "In its true form the phrase would have probably carried no meaning to those on board who must have been unfamiliar with the worship of Tammuz which was a transplanted, and for those parts, therefore, an exotic custom." [27] Certainly, when Pausanias toured Greece about a century after Plutarch, he found Pan's shrines, sacred caves and sacred mountains still very much frequented. Christian apologists , however, took Plutarch's notice to heart, and repeated and amplified it until the 18th century. [28] It was interpreted with concurrent meanings in all four modes of medieval exegesis: literally as historical fact, and allegorically as the death of the ancient order at the coming of the new. Eusebius of Caesarea in his Praeparatio Evangelica (book V) seems to have been the first Christian apologist to give Plutarch's anecdote, which he identifies as his source, pseudo-historical standing, which Eusebius buttressed with many invented passing details that lent verisimilitude. The cry "Great Pan is dead" has appealed to poets, such as John Milton, in his ecstatic celebration of Christian peace, On the Morning of Christ's Nativity line 89, [29] and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, [30] One remarkable commentary of Herodotus [31] on Pan is that he lived 800 years before himself (c. 1200 BCE), this being already after the Trojan War . Influence Pan depicted on the cover of The Wind in the Willows The Magic of Pan's Flute, by John Reinhard Weguelin (1905) In the late 18th century, interest in Pan revived among liberal scholars. Richard Payne Knight discussed Pan in his Discourse on the Worship of Priapus (1786) as a symbol of creation expressed through sexuality. "Pan is represented pouring water upon the organ of generation; that is, invigorating the active creative power by the prolific element." [32] In the English town of Painswick in Gloucestershire, a group of 18th century gentry, led by Benjamin Hyett, organised an annual procession dedicated to Pan, during which a statue of the deity was held aloft, and people shouted 'Highgates! Highgates!" Hyett also erected temples and follies to Pan in the gardens of his house and a "Pan's lodge", located over Painswick Valley. The tradition died out in the 1830s, but was revived in 1885 by the new vicar, W. H. Seddon, who mistakenly believed that the festival had been ancient in origin. One of Seddon's successors, however, was less appreciative of the pagan festival and put an end to it in 1950, when he had Pan's statue buried. [33] John Keats's "Endymion" opens with a festival dedicated to Pan where a stanzaic hymn is sung in praise of him. "Keats's account of Pan's activities activities is largely drawn from the Elizabethan poets. Douglas Bush notes, 'The goat-god, the tutelary divinity of shepherds, had long been allegorized on various levels, from Christ to "Universall Nature" (Sandys); here he becomes the symbol of the romantic imagination, of supra-mortal knowledge.'" [34] In the late nineteenth century Pan became an increasingly common figure in literature and art. Patricia Merivale states that between 1890 and 1926 there was an "astonishing resurgence of interest in the Pan motif". [35] He appears in poetry, in novels and children's books, and is referenced in the name of the character Peter Pan. [36] He is the eponymous "Piper at the Gates of Dawn" [37] in the seventh chapter of Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows (1908). Grahame's Pan, unnamed but clearly recognisable, is a powerful but secretive nature-god, protector of animals, who casts a spell of forgetfulness on all those he helps. He makes a brief appearance to help the Rat and Mole recover the Otter's lost son Portly. Pan entices villagers to listen to his pipes as if in a trance in Lord Dunsany's novel 'The Blessing of Pan' published in 1927. Although the god does not appear within the story, his energy certainly invokes the younger folk of the village to revel in the summer twilight, and the vicar of the village is the only person worried about the revival of worship for the old pagan god. Pan is also featured as a prominent character in Tom Robbins' Jitterbug Perfume (1984). Aeronautical engineer and occultist John Whiteside Parsons invoked Pan before test launches at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Identification with Satan Francisco Goya, Witches' Sabbath (El aquelarre). Oil on canvas, 44 × 31 cm. Museo Lázaro Galdiano, Madrid. Pan's goatish image recalls conventional faun-like depictions of Satan . Although Christian use of Plutarch's story is of long standing, Ronald Hutton [38] has argued that this specific association is modern and derives from Pan's popularity in Victorian and Edwardian neopaganism. Medieval and early modern images of Satan tend, by contrast, to show generic semi-human monsters with horns, wings and clawed feet. Neopaganism In 1933, the Egyptologist Margaret Murray published the book, The God of the Witches, in which she theorised that Pan was merely one form of a horned god who was worshipped across Europe by a witch-cult. [39] This theory influenced the Neopagan notion of the Horned God, as an archetype of male virility and sexuality. In Wicca , the archetype of the Horned God is highly important, as represented by such deities as the Celtic Cernunnos, Indian Pashupati and Greek Pan. A modern account of several purported meetings with Pan is given by Robert Ogilvie Crombie in The Findhorn Garden (Harper & Row, 1975) and The Magic Of Findhorn (Harper & Row, 1975). Crombie claimed to have met Pan many times at various locations in Scotland, including Edinburgh, on the island of Iona and at the Findhorn Foundation. Notes ↑ Edwin L. Brown, "The Lycidas of Theocritus Idyll 7", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 1981:59–100. ↑ Edwin L. Brown, "The Divine Name 'Pan'" Transactions of the American Philological Association 107 (1977:57–61), notes (p. 59) that the first inscription mentioning Pan is a 6th-century dedication to ΠΑΟΝΙ, a "still uncontracted" form. ↑ Alfred Wagner, Das historische Drama der Griechen, Münster 1878, p. 78. ↑ The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, Ronald Hutton, chapter 3 ↑ . See note 5 to Pythian Ode III, "For Heiron of Syracuse, Winner in the Horse-race." ↑ W. H. Roscher, Ausführliches Lexikon der Gr. u. Röm. Mythologie (1909:1379f) finds eighteen variants for Pan's genealogy. ↑ Herodotus , Histories II.145 ↑ Payne-Knight, R. Discourse on the Worship of Priapus, 1786, p.73 ↑ Hutton, Ronald. The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft pp 161–162 ↑ Barnard, John. John Keats : The Complete Poems p 587 ISBN 978-0-14-042210-8 ↑ Merivale, Patricia. Pan the Goat-God: his Myth in Modern Times, Harvard University Press, 1969, p.vii. ↑ Lurie, Alison. Afterword in Peter Pan, Signet, 2003, p198. books.google.com ↑ Pink Floyd used the chapter title The Piper at the Gates of Dawn as the title of their 1967 debut album. ↑ Hutton, The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft Oxford University Press, 1999 ↑ The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, Ronald Hutton, page 199 See also

The Piper at the Gates of Dawn

December 14, 1903 saw the first attempt at what, from Big Kill Devil Hill, North Carolina, which was not successfully accomplished until 3 days later, following necessary repairs from the previous attempt?

Pan (god) | Open Access articles | Open Access journals | Conference Proceedings | Editors | Authors | Reviewers | scientific events e In Greek religion and mythology , Pan ( /ˈpæn/ ; [1] Ancient Greek : Πάν , Pan) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature of mountain wilds, hunting, and rustic music , and companion of the nymphs . [2] His name originates within the Ancient Greek language, from the word paein (πάειν), meaning "to pasture." [3] He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr . With his homeland in rustic Arcadia , he is also recognized as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. The ancient Greeks also considered Pan to be the god of theatrical criticism. [4] In Roman religion and myth , Pan's counterpart was Faunus , a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea , sometimes identified as Fauna ; he was also closely associated with Sylvanus , due to their similar relationships with woodlands. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement . [5] An area in the Golan Heights known as the Panion or Panium is associated with Pan. The city of Caesarea Philippi , the site of the Battle of Panium and the Banias natural spring, grotto or cave, and related shrines dedicated to Pan, may be found there. Contents 9 External links Origins In his earliest appearance in literature, Pindar 's Pythian Ode iii. 78, Pan is associated with a mother goddess , perhaps Rhea or Cybele ; Pindar refers to virgins worshipping Cybele and Pan near the poet's house in Boeotia . [6] The parentage of Pan is unclear; [7] generally he is the son of Hermes , although occasionally in some myths he is the son of Zeus , or Dionysus , with whom his mother is said to be a nymph , sometimes Dryope or, even in the 5th-century AD source Dionysiaca by Nonnus (14.92), Penelope of Mantineia in Arcadia. In some early sources such as Pindar , his father is Apollo via Penelope , the wife of Odysseus . [8] Herodotus (2.145), Cicero ( ND 3.22.56), Apollodorus (7.38) and Hyginus ( Fabulae 224) all make Hermes and Penelope his parents. Pausanias 8.12.5 records the story that Penelope had in fact been unfaithful to her husband, who banished her to Mantineia upon his return. Other sources ( Duris of Samos ; the Vergilian commentator Servius ) report that Penelope slept with all 108 suitors in Odysseus' absence, and gave birth to Pan as a result. [9] This myth reflects the folk etymology that equates Pan's name (Πάν) with the Greek word for "all" (πᾶν). [10] It is more likely to be cognate with πάειν paein, "to pasture", and to share an origin with the modern English word "pasture". In 1924, Hermann Collitz suggested that Greek Pan and Indic Pushan might have a common Indo-European origin. [11] [12] In the mystery cults of the highly syncretic Hellenistic era [13] Pan is made cognate with Phanes/Protogonos , Zeus , Dionysus and Eros . [14] The Roman Faunus , a god of Indo-European origin, was equated with Pan. However, accounts of Pan's genealogy are so varied that it must lie buried deep in mythic time. Like other nature spirits, Pan appears to be older than the Olympians , if it is true that he gave Artemis her hunting dogs and taught the secret of prophecy to Apollo . Pan might be multiplied as the Pans (Burkert 1985, III.3.2; Ruck and Staples, 1994, p. 132 [15] ) or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (p. 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, one the son of Zeus and twin of Arcas , and one a son of Cronus . "In the retinue of Dionysos , or in depictions of wild landscapes, there appeared not only a great Pan, but also little Pans, Paniskoi, who played the same part as the Satyrs ". Worship The worship of Pan began in Arcadia which was always the principal seat of his worship. Arcadia was a district of mountain people, culturally separated from other Greeks. Greek hunters used to scourge the statue of the god if they had been disappointed in the chase (Theocritus. vii. 107). Being a rustic god, Pan was not worshipped in temples or other built edifices, but in natural settings, usually caves or grottoes such as the one on the north slope of the Acropolis of Athens . These are often referred to as the Cave of Pan. The only exceptions are the Temple of Pan on the Neda River gorge in the southwestern Peloponnese – the ruins of which survive to this day – and the Temple of Pan at Apollonopolis Magna in ancient Egypt . [16] In the 4th century BC Pan was depicted on the coinage of Pantikapaion . [17] Representations of Pan on 4th-century BC gold and silver Pantikapaion coins Mythology The goat-god Aegipan was nurtured by Amalthea with the infant Zeus in Athens. In Zeus' battle with Gaia , Aegipan and Hermes stole back Zeus' "sinews" that Typhon had hidden away in the Corycian Cave . [18] Pan aided his foster-brother in the battle with the Titans by letting out a horrible screech and scattering them in terror. According to some traditions, Aegipan was the son of Pan, rather than his father. One of the famous myths of Pan involves the origin of his pan flute , fashioned from lengths of hollow reed. Syrinx was a lovely water- nymph of Arcadia, daughter of Landon, the river-god. As she was returning from the hunt one day, Pan met her. To escape from his importunities, the fair nymph ran away and didn't stop to hear his compliments. He pursued from Mount Lycaeum until she came to her sisters who immediately changed her into a reed. When the air blew through the reeds, it produced a plaintive melody. The god, still infatuated, took some of the reeds, because he could not identify which reed she became, and cut seven pieces (or according to some versions, nine), joined them side by side in gradually decreasing lengths, and formed the musical instrument bearing the name of his beloved Syrinx . Henceforth Pan was seldom seen without it. Echo was a nymph who was a great singer and dancer and scorned the love of any man. This angered Pan, a lecherous god, and he instructed his followers to kill her. Echo was torn to pieces and spread all over earth. The goddess of the earth, Gaia , received the pieces of Echo, whose voice remains repeating the last words of others. In some versions, Echo and Pan had two children: Iambe and Iynx . In other versions, Pan had fallen in love with Echo, but she scorned the love of any man but was enraptured by Narcissus. As Echo was cursed by Hera to only be able to repeat words that had been said by someone else, she could not speak for herself. She followed Narcissus to a pool, where he fell in love with his own reflection and changed into a narcissus flower. Echo wasted away, but her voice could still be heard in caves and other such similar places. Pan also loved a nymph named Pitys , who was turned into a pine tree to escape him. Disturbed in his secluded afternoon naps, Pan's angry shout inspired panic (panikon deima) in lonely places. [19] [20] Following the Titans' assault on Olympus , Pan claimed credit for the victory of the gods because he had frightened the attackers. In the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), it is said that Pan favored the Athenians and so inspired panic in the hearts of their enemies, the Persians. [21] Erotic aspects Pan having sex with a goat, statue from Villa of the Papyri , Herculaneum . Pan is famous for his sexual powers, and is often depicted with a phallus . Diogenes of Sinope , speaking in jest, related a myth of Pan learning masturbation from his father, Hermes , and teaching the habit to shepherds. [22] Pan's greatest conquest was that of the moon goddess Selene . He accomplished this by wrapping himself in a sheepskin [23] to hide his hairy black goat form, and drew her down from the sky into the forest where he seduced her. Pan and music File:Sweet, piercing sweet was the music of Pan's pipe.jpg "Sweet, piercing sweet was the music of Pan's pipe" reads the caption on this depiction of Pan. In two late Roman sources, Hyginus [24] and Ovid , [25] Pan is substituted for the satyr Marsyas in the theme of a musical competition ( agon ), and the punishment by flaying is omitted. Pan once had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo , and to challenge Apollo, the god of the lyre , to a trial of skill. Tmolus , the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes and gave great satisfaction with his rustic melody to himself and to his faithful follower, Midas , who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. Midas dissented and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer and turned Midas' ears into those of a donkey . In another version of the myth, the first round of the contest was a tie, so the competitors were forced to hold a second round. In this round, Apollo demanded that they play their instruments upside-down. Apollo, playing the lyre, was unaffected. However, Pan's pipe could not be played while upside down, so Apollo won the contest. Capricornus The constellation Capricornus is traditionally depicted as a sea-goat, a goat with a fish's tail (see "Goatlike" Aigaion called Briareos, one of the Hecatonchires ). A myth reported as "Egyptian" in Hyginus ' Poetic Astronomy [26] that would seem to be invented to justify a connection of Pan with Capricorn says that when Aegipan — that is Pan in his goat-god aspect — [27] was attacked by the monster Typhon , he dove into the Nile; the parts above the water remained a goat, but those under the water transformed into a fish. Epithets Aegocerus "goat-horned" was an epithet of Pan descriptive of his figure with the horns of a goat. [28] All of the Pans Pan could be multiplied into a swarm of Pans, and even be given individual names, as in Nonnus ' Dionysiaca , where the god Pan had twelve sons that helped Dionysus in his war against the Indians. Their names were Kelaineus, Argennon, Aigikoros, Eugeneios, Omester, Daphoineus, Phobos, Philamnos, Xanthos, Glaukos, Argos, and Phorbas. Two other Pans were Agreus and Nomios . Both were the sons of Hermes, Agreus' mother being the nymph Sose, a prophetess: he inherited his mother's gift of prophecy, and was also a skilled hunter. Nomios' mother was Penelope (not the same as the wife of Odysseus). He was an excellent shepherd, seducer of nymphs, and musician upon the shepherd's pipes. Most of the mythological stories about Pan are actually about Nomios, not the god Pan. Although, Agreus and Nomios could have been two different aspects of the prime Pan, reflecting his dual nature as both a wise prophet and a lustful beast. Aegipan , literally "goat-Pan," was a Pan who was fully goatlike, rather than half-goat and half-man. When the Olympians fled from the monstrous giant Typhoeus and hid themselves in animal form, Aegipan assumed the form of a fish-tailed goat. Later he came to the aid of Zeus in his battle with Typhoeus, by stealing back Zeus' stolen sinews. As a reward the king of the gods placed him amongst the stars as the Constellation Capricorn. The mother of Aegipan, Aix (the goat), was perhaps associated with the constellation Capra. Sybarios was an Italian Pan who was worshipped in the Greek colony of Sybaris in Italy. The Sybarite Pan was conceived when a Sybarite shepherd boy named Krathis copulated with a pretty she-goat amongst his herds. The "Death" of Pan Pan, Mikhail Vrubel 1900. According to the Greek historian Plutarch (in De defectu oraculorum, "The Obsolescence of Oracles"), [29] Pan is the only Greek god (other than Asclepius ) who actually dies. During the reign of Tiberius (A.D. 14–37), the news of Pan's death came to one Thamus, a sailor on his way to Italy by way of the island of Paxi . A divine voice hailed him across the salt water, "Thamus, are you there? When you reach Palodes , [30] take care to proclaim that the great god Pan is dead." Which Thamus did, and the news was greeted from shore with groans and laments. Christian apologists such as G. K. Chesterton repeated and amplified the significance of the "death" of Pan, suggesting that with the "death" of Pan came the advent of theology. To this effect, Chesterton once said, "It is said truly in a sense that Pan died because Christ was born. It is almost as true in another sense that men knew that Christ was born because Pan was already dead. A void was made by the vanishing world of the whole mythology of mankind, which would have asphyxiated like a vacuum if it had not been filled with theology." [31] [32] [33] It was interpreted with concurrent meanings in all four modes of medieval exegesis : literally as historical fact, and allegorically as the death of the ancient order at the coming of the new.[ original research? ] Eusebius of Caesarea in his Praeparatio Evangelica (book V) seems[ dubious – discuss ] to have been the first Christian apologist to give Plutarch's anecdote, which he identifies as his source[ citation needed ], pseudo-historical standing, which Eusebius buttressed with many invented passing details that lent verisimilitude .[ citation needed ] In more modern times, some have suggested a possible a naturalistic explanation for the myth. For example, Robert Graves (The Greek Myths) reported a suggestion that had been made by Salomon Reinach [34] and expanded by James S. Van Teslaar [35] that the hearers aboard the ship, including a supposed Egyptian, Thamus, apparently misheard Thamus Panmegas tethneke 'the all-great Tammuz is dead' for 'Thamus, Great Pan is dead!', Thamous, Pan ho megas tethneke. "In its true form the phrase would have probably carried no meaning to those on board who must have been unfamiliar with the worship of Tammuz which was a transplanted, and for those parts, therefore, an exotic custom." [36] Certainly, when Pausanias toured Greece about a century after Plutarch, he found Pan's shrines, sacred caves and sacred mountains still very much frequented. However, a naturalistic explanation might not be needed. For example, William Hansen [37] has shown that the story is quite similar to a class of widely known tales known as Fairies Send a Message. The cry "Great Pan is dead" has appealed to poets, such as John Milton , in his ecstatic celebration of Christian peace, On the Morning of Christ's Nativity line 89, [38] and Elizabeth Barrett Browning . [39] One remarkable commentary of Herodotus [40] on Pan is that he lived 800 years before himself (c. 1200 BCE), this being already after the Trojan War. Influence File:John Reinhard Weguelin – The Magic of Pan's Flute (1905).jpg The Magic of Pan's Flute, by John Reinhard Weguelin (1905) In the late 18th century, interest in Pan revived among liberal scholars. Richard Payne Knight discussed Pan in his Discourse on the Worship of Priapus (1786) as a symbol of creation expressed through sexuality. "Pan is represented pouring water upon the organ of generation; that is, invigorating the active creative power by the prolific element." [41] In the English town of Painswick in Gloucestershire , a group of 18th-century gentry, led by Benjamin Hyett, organised an annual procession dedicated to Pan, during which a statue of the deity was held aloft, and people shouted 'Highgates! Highgates!" Hyett also erected temples and follies to Pan in the gardens of his house and a "Pan's lodge", located over Painswick Valley. The tradition died out in the 1830s, but was revived in 1885 by the new vicar, W. H. Seddon, who mistakenly believed that the festival had been ancient in origin. One of Seddon's successors, however, was less appreciative of the pagan festival and put an end to it in 1950, when he had Pan's statue buried. [42] John Keats 's "Endymion" opens with a festival dedicated to Pan where a stanzaic hymn is sung in praise of him. "Keats's account of Pan's activities is largely drawn from the Elizabethan poets. Douglas Bush notes, 'The goat-god, the tutelary divinity of shepherds, had long been allegorized on various levels, from Christ to "Universall Nature" (Sandys) ; here he becomes the symbol of the romantic imagination, of supra-mortal knowledge.'" [43] In the late 19th century Pan became an increasingly common figure in literature and art. Patricia Merivale states that between 1890 and 1926 there was an "astonishing resurgence of interest in the Pan motif". [44] He appears in poetry, in novels and children's books, and is referenced in the name of the character Peter Pan . [45] He is the eponymous "Piper at the Gates of Dawn" [46] in the seventh chapter of Kenneth Grahame 's The Wind in the Willows (1908). Grahame's Pan, unnamed but clearly recognisable, is a powerful but secretive nature-god, protector of animals, who casts a spell of forgetfulness on all those he helps. He makes a brief appearance to help the Rat and Mole recover the Otter's lost son Portly. Arthur Machen 's 1894 novella The Great God Pan uses the god's name in a simile about the whole world being revealed as it really is: ". . . seeing the Great God Pan". The novella is considered by many (including Stephen King ) as being one of the greatest horror stories ever written. Pan entices villagers to listen to his pipes as if in a trance in Lord Dunsany 's novel 'The Blessing of Pan' published in 1927. Although the god does not appear within the story, his energy certainly invokes the younger folk of the village to revel in the summer twilight, and the vicar of the village is the only person worried about the revival of worship for the old pagan god. Pan is also featured as a prominent character in Tom Robbins ' Jitterbug Perfume (1984). Aeronautical engineer and occultist Jack Parsons invoked Pan before test launches at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Identification with Satan Francisco Goya , Witches' Sabbath (El aquelarre), . 1798. Oil on canvas, 44 × 31 cm. Museo Lázaro Galdiano, Madrid. Pan's goatish image recalls conventional faun -like depictions of Satan . Although Christian use of Plutarch's story is of long standing,[ original research? ][ citation needed ] Ronald Hutton [47] has argued that this specific association is modern and derives from Pan's popularity in Victorian and Edwardian neopaganism . Medieval and early modern images of Satan tend, by contrast, to show generic semi-human monsters with horns, wings and clawed feet. Neopaganism In 1933, the Egyptologist Margaret Murray published the book, The God of the Witches, in which she theorised that Pan was merely one form of a horned god who was worshipped across Europe by a witch-cult . [48] This theory influenced the Neopagan notion of the Horned God, as an archetype of male virility and sexuality. In Wicca , the archetype of the Horned God is highly important, as represented by such deities as the Celtic Cernunnos , Indian Pashupati , and Greek Pan. A modern account of several purported meetings with Pan is given by Robert Ogilvie Crombie in The Findhorn Garden (Harper & Row, 1975) and The Magic of Findhorn (Harper & Row, 1975). Crombie claimed to have met Pan many times at various locations in Scotland, including Edinburgh , on the island of Iona and at the Findhorn Foundation . See also ^ Pink Floyd used the chapter title " The Piper at the Gates of Dawn " as the title of their 1967 debut album. ^ Hutton, The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, Oxford University Press, 1999 ^ The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft, Ronald Hutton , page 199 References Borgeaud, Philippe (1979). Recherches sur le Dieu Pan. Geneva University.  Burkert, Walter (1985). Greek Religion. Harvard University Press.  Diotima (2007), The Goat Foot God, Bibliotheca Alexandrina Kerenyi, Karl (1951). The Gods of the Greeks. Thames & Hudson.  Laurie, Allison, "Afterword" in Peter Pan, J. M. Barrie, Signet Classic, 1987. ISBN 978-0-451-52088-3 . Malini, Roberto (1998), Pan dio della selva, Edizioni dell'Ambrosino, Milano Ruck, Carl A. P.; Danny Staples (1994). The World of Classical Myth. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN   0-89089-575-9 .  Vinci, Leo (1993), Pan: Great God Of Nature, Neptune Press, London External links

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