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Not supported with pagination yet | Select the amphibian. | [
"great crested newt",
"robin",
"blue-footed booby",
"helmeted iguana"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water. | A great crested newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.
A blue-footed booby is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Blue-footed boobies live on tropical islands in the Pacific Ocean.
A helmeted iguana is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Iguanas are a type of lizard. Iguanas eat plants and fruit.
A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
A robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day. | Question: Select the amphibian.
(A) great crested newt
(B) robin
(C) blue-footed booby
(D) helmeted iguana
| Answer: (A) great crested newt | Answer: (C) blue-footed booby |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which correctly shows the title of a TV show? | [
"Bananas in pajamas",
"Bananas in Pajamas"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | language science | capitalization | Formatting | Capitalizing titles | In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.
The Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach
These words are not important in titles:
Articles, a, an, the
Short prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up
Coordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or | Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word in is not important, so it should not be capitalized.
The correct title is Bananas in Pajamas. | Question: Which correctly shows the title of a TV show?
(A) Bananas in pajamas
(B) Bananas in Pajamas
| Answer: (B) Bananas in Pajamas | Answer: (A) Bananas in pajamas |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Suppose Jennifer decides to make cream of mushroom soup. Which result would be a cost? | [
"The cream of mushroom soup will be tastier than the onion soup would have been.",
"Jennifer will spend more time making the cream of mushroom soup than she would have spent making the onion soup."
] | 1 | Jennifer is deciding whether to make cream of mushroom soup or onion soup for dinner. She wants dinner to be as tasty as possible. But she is also hungry and wants to eat soon. | closed choice | grade5 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Jennifer wants or needs:
Jennifer will spend more time making the cream of mushroom soup than she would have spent making the onion soup. | Question: Suppose Jennifer decides to make cream of mushroom soup. Which result would be a cost?
(A) The cream of mushroom soup will be tastier than the onion soup would have been.
(B) Jennifer will spend more time making the cream of mushroom soup than she would have spent making the onion soup.
| Answer: (B) Jennifer will spend more time making the cream of mushroom soup than she would have spent making the onion soup. | Answer: (A) The cream of mushroom soup will be tastier than the onion soup would have been. |
Which of the following could Bryan's test show? | [
"whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often",
"whether the filter was clogged",
"the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered"
] | 1 | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.
Bryan was . At the plant, an expensive filter was used to remove disease-causing bacteria from the water. But over time, the filter would become clogged with bacteria. If the filter became clogged, the water would not move through quickly enough. Bryan had to decide when the filter was too clogged and needed to be replaced. So, during his inspection, Bryan checked the filter by measuring how quickly water moved through it.
Figure: an engineer at a water treatment plant. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Engineering practices | Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. | Question: Which of the following could Bryan's test show?
(A) whether an inexpensive filter would become clogged more often
(B) whether the filter was clogged
(C) the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered
| Answer: (B) whether the filter was clogged | Answer: (C) the amount of bacteria in the water before it was filtered |
||
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the one animal that has all of the reptile traits listed above. | [
"Cardinalfish have scaly skin and live near coral reefs. Cardinalfish lay eggs with no shells and have fins that help them swim underwater.",
"Galapagos giant tortoises hatch from eggs with shells and live on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They can live to be over 150 years old! Galapagos giant tortoises have scaly, waterproof skin."
] | 1 | Reptiles are a group of animals with similar traits. The following traits can be used to identify reptiles:
They have scaly, waterproof skin.
They make eggs with shells. Observe the animals and read the descriptions. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Classification | Use evidence to classify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.
How do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group. | To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.
Reptiles have the following traits:
They have scaly, waterproof skin.
They make eggs with shells.
Compare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.
A Galapagos giant tortoise has the following traits:
It has scaly, waterproof skin.
It makes eggs with shells.
A Galapagos giant tortoise has the traits of a reptile. A Galapagos giant tortoise is a reptile.
A cardinalfish has the following traits:
It has fins, not limbs.
It makes eggs with no shells.
A cardinalfish does not have all of the traits of a reptile. A cardinalfish is a fish. | Question: Select the one animal that has all of the reptile traits listed above.
(A) Cardinalfish have scaly skin and live near coral reefs. Cardinalfish lay eggs with no shells and have fins that help them swim underwater.
(B) Galapagos giant tortoises hatch from eggs with shells and live on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They can live to be over 150 years old! Galapagos giant tortoises have scaly, waterproof skin.
| Answer: (B) Galapagos giant tortoises hatch from eggs with shells and live on the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They can live to be over 150 years old! Galapagos giant tortoises have scaly, waterproof skin. | Answer: (A) Cardinalfish have scaly skin and live near coral reefs. Cardinalfish lay eggs with no shells and have fins that help them swim underwater. |
Not supported with pagination yet | What kind of sentence is this?
What rights do the first ten amendments to the Constitution guarantee Americans? | [
"interrogative",
"declarative",
"imperative"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade9 | language science | punctuation | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory? | There are four kinds of sentences.
A declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.
The nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.
An imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.
For this assignment, use references to support your claims.
Don't drive so quickly in the construction zone!
An interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.
Given the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?
An exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.
I can't wait to travel through Europe this summer! | The sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence. | Question: What kind of sentence is this?
What rights do the first ten amendments to the Constitution guarantee Americans?
(A) interrogative
(B) declarative
(C) imperative
| Answer: (A) interrogative | Answer: (B) declarative |
|
Which better describes the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem? | [
"It has warm summers. It also has cool winters.",
"It has long, cold winters. It also has mostly small plants."
] | 1 | Figure: Tibetan Plateau.
The Tibetan Plateau is a tundra ecosystem located in Tibet, western China, and northern India. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Ecosystems | Describe ecosystems | An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.
There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil
the organisms that live there | A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the Tibetan Plateau has long, cold winters. It also has mostly small plants. | Question: Which better describes the Tibetan Plateau ecosystem?
(A) It has warm summers. It also has cool winters.
(B) It has long, cold winters. It also has mostly small plants.
| Answer: (B) It has long, cold winters. It also has mostly small plants. | Answer: (A) It has warm summers. It also has cool winters. |
|
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"repel",
"attract"
] | 1 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).
Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.
If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. | Question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
(A) repel
(B) attract
| Answer: (B) attract | Answer: (A) repel |
|
What is the capital of New Hampshire? | [
"Augusta",
"New York City",
"Manchester",
"Concord"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. | Question: What is the capital of New Hampshire?
(A) Augusta
(B) New York City
(C) Manchester
(D) Concord
| Answer: (D) Concord | Answer: (B) New York City |
|||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which sentence states a fact? | [
"A plain omelet takes one or two minutes to cook on top of a stove.",
"An omelet is worth the effort needed to make it."
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Distinguish facts from opinions | A fact is something that can be proved to be true.
The month of July has more days than the month of June.
This is a fact. It can be proved by looking at a calendar and counting the number of days in each month.
An opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.
July is a better month than June for camping.
This is an opinion. People may have different opinions about which month is "better" for camping. | The first sentence states a fact.
A plain omelet takes one or two minutes to cook on top of a stove.
It can be proved by looking up instructions for making an omelet.
The second sentence states an opinion.
An omelet is worth the effort needed to make it.
Worth the effort shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether an omelet is worth the effort. | Question: Which sentence states a fact?
(A) A plain omelet takes one or two minutes to cook on top of a stove.
(B) An omelet is worth the effort needed to make it.
| Answer: (A) A plain omelet takes one or two minutes to cook on top of a stove. | Answer: (B) An omelet is worth the effort needed to make it. |
|
Which i in row C? | [
"the diner",
"the grocery store",
"the library",
"the school"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | Geography | Use a letter-number grid | A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. | The school is in row C. | Question: Which i in row C?
(A) the diner
(B) the grocery store
(C) the library
(D) the school
| Answer: (D) the school | Answer: (A) the diner |
||
What can happen to the spores after they are released? | [
"They can fuse and form a fertilized egg.",
"They can grow into an adult moss plant."
] | 1 | This diagram shows the life cycle of a moss. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Plant reproduction | Moss and fern life cycles | Moss plants reproduce using both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Moss plants use their male and female parts for sexual reproduction. The male parts produce sperm. Moss live in damp environments, and moss sperm can travel through water to the female parts.
The sperm fuse with eggs in the female part. This is called fertilization. Self-fertilization happens when a sperm from a moss plant fertilizes an egg from the same plant. Cross-fertilization happens when a sperm from one moss plant fertilizes an egg from a different moss plant.
The fertilized egg grows into a thin brown stalk on top of the female part. Each stalk has a small spore capsule at the top. Moss plants use asexual reproduction to make small spores in the capsules. When the capsules open, the spores are released.
When the spores land on the ground, they may germinate and grow into a new moss plant. This new moss plant can produce eggs and sperm and begin the moss life cycle again. | After they are released, spores can land on the ground and germinate. When spores germinate, they grow into adult moss plants.
Unlike sperm and eggs, spores do not fuse. | Question: What can happen to the spores after they are released?
(A) They can fuse and form a fertilized egg.
(B) They can grow into an adult moss plant.
| Answer: (B) They can grow into an adult moss plant. | Answer: (A) They can fuse and form a fertilized egg. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the mass of a pair of boots? | [
"5 pounds",
"5 tons",
"5 ounces"
] | 0 | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. | The best estimate for the mass of a pair of boots is 5 pounds.
5 ounces is too light and 5 tons is too heavy. | Question: What is the mass of a pair of boots?
(A) 5 pounds
(B) 5 tons
(C) 5 ounces
| Answer: (A) 5 pounds | Answer: (B) 5 tons |
Not supported with pagination yet | How long is a garden snail? | [
"50 millimeters",
"50 kilometers",
"50 centimeters",
"50 meters"
] | 0 | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of a garden snail is 50 millimeters.
50 centimeters, 50 meters, and 50 kilometers are all too long. | Question: How long is a garden snail?
(A) 50 millimeters
(B) 50 kilometers
(C) 50 centimeters
(D) 50 meters
| Answer: (A) 50 millimeters | Answer: (B) 50 kilometers |
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the animal that has a backbone. | [
"harbor seal",
"curlyhair tarantula"
] | 0 | Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians all have backbones. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify animals with and without backbones | Some animals have a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. An animal's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each animal's backbone is colored orange.
Other animals do not have a backbone. In fact, these animals don't have any bones! Some animals without backbones have a hard outer cover. Other animals have a soft body. | A harbor seal is a mammal. Like other mammals, a harbor seal has a backbone.
Like other tarantulas, a curlyhair tarantula does not have a backbone. It has a hard outer cover. | Question: Select the animal that has a backbone.
(A) harbor seal
(B) curlyhair tarantula
| Answer: (A) harbor seal | Answer: (B) curlyhair tarantula |
What is the capital of Hawaii? | [
"Helena",
"Santa Fe",
"Honolulu",
"Phoenix"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the West | Honolulu is the capital of Hawaii. | Question: What is the capital of Hawaii?
(A) Helena
(B) Santa Fe
(C) Honolulu
(D) Phoenix
| Answer: (C) Honolulu | Answer: (B) Santa Fe |
|||
Which of the following could Carter's test show? | [
"how well the weather station would work when it was windy",
"if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50°C"
] | 1 | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.
Carter was a mechanical engineer who was designing to record temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. The weather station would be used in a town where the highest recorded temperature was 40°C. Carter wanted to make sure the weather station would work even in unusually warm weather.
So, he set an indoor test chamber to 50°C with low moisture and no wind. He left the weather station in the chamber overnight. The next day, he checked to see if the weather station displayed accurate measurements after 24 hours at 50°C.
Figure: a weather station. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Engineering practices | Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. | Question: Which of the following could Carter's test show?
(A) how well the weather station would work when it was windy
(B) if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50°C
| Answer: (B) if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50°C | Answer: (A) how well the weather station would work when it was windy |
||
What is the name of the colony shown? | [
"Maryland",
"New Jersey",
"Rhode Island",
"Delaware"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | us-history | Colonial America | Identify the Thirteen Colonies | The colony is New Jersey. | Question: What is the name of the colony shown?
(A) Maryland
(B) New Jersey
(C) Rhode Island
(D) Delaware
| Answer: (B) New Jersey | Answer: (D) Delaware |
|||
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The largest planet is made mainly of ice. | [
"true",
"false"
] | 1 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade6 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. | The table tells you that Jupiter is the largest planet and that Jupiter is made mainly of gas. So, the largest planet is made mainly of gas. | Question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The largest planet is made mainly of ice.
(A) true
(B) false
| Answer: (B) false | Answer: (A) true |
|
Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"sample B",
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample A"
] | 2 | The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Particle motion and energy | Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | Question: Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?
(A) sample B
(B) neither; the samples have the same temperature
(C) sample A
| Answer: (C) sample A | Answer: (A) sample B |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on this information, what is this rose plant's phenotype for the flower color trait? | [
"dark yellow flowers",
"ff"
] | 0 | In a group of rose plants, some individuals have light yellow flowers and others have dark yellow flowers. In this group, the gene for the flower color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for light yellow flowers, and the allele f is for dark yellow flowers.
A certain rose plant from this group has dark yellow flowers. This plant has two alleles for dark yellow flowers. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The rose plant's observable version of the flower color trait is dark yellow flowers. So, the plant's phenotype for the flower color trait is dark yellow flowers. | Question: Based on this information, what is this rose plant's phenotype for the flower color trait?
(A) dark yellow flowers
(B) ff
| Answer: (A) dark yellow flowers | Answer: (B) ff |
Select the organism in the same species as the North American beaver. | [
"Castor canadensis",
"Castor fiber",
"Polysticta stelleri"
] | 0 | This organism is a North American beaver. Its scientific name is Castor canadensis. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Classification and scientific names | Use scientific names to classify organisms | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A North American beaver's scientific name is Castor canadensis.
Polysticta stelleri does not have the same scientific name as a North American beaver. So, Castor canadensis and Polysticta stelleri are not in the same species.
Castor canadensis is in the same genus as Castor fiber, but they are not in the same species.
Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Castor canadensis and Castor fiber are different species within the same genus.
Castor canadensis has the same scientific name as a North American beaver. So, these organisms are in the same species. | Question: Select the organism in the same species as the North American beaver.
(A) Castor canadensis
(B) Castor fiber
(C) Polysticta stelleri
| Answer: (A) Castor canadensis | Answer: (C) Polysticta stelleri |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the one substance that is not a mineral. | [
"Perfume is not a pure substance. It is made by humans.",
"Gypsum is a solid. It is formed in nature.",
"Sphalerite is not made by living things. It is a solid."
] | 0 | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify minerals using properties | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! | Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.
Gypsum is a mineral.
Perfume is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.
Perfume is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.
So, perfume is not a mineral.
Sphalerite is a mineral. | Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
(A) Perfume is not a pure substance. It is made by humans.
(B) Gypsum is a solid. It is formed in nature.
(C) Sphalerite is not made by living things. It is a solid.
| Answer: (A) Perfume is not a pure substance. It is made by humans. | Answer: (C) Sphalerite is not made by living things. It is a solid. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Eating meat can't be wrong. After all, a majority of people in the United States eat meat. | [
"bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct",
"straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against",
"false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade12 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations
slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that eating meat must not be wrong because many people eat meat. However, the fact that a practice is widespread does not necessarily make it morally or ethically correct. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy. | Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
Eating meat can't be wrong. After all, a majority of people in the United States eat meat.
(A) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct
(B) straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
(C) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
| Answer: (A) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct | Answer: (C) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference? | [
"Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it.",
"Right after she bought it, Martina dropped the book for her literature class."
] | 0 | closed choice | grade7 | language science | writing-strategies | Pronouns and antecedents | Identify vague pronoun references | When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.
The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:
1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:
When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.
2. Rewrite the sentence:
Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.
A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.
They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.
The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.
This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.
The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. | The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to the book or the class.
Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it.
The second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.
Right after she bought it, Martina dropped the book for her literature class. | Question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?
(A) Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it.
(B) Right after she bought it, Martina dropped the book for her literature class.
| Answer: (A) Right after Martina bought the book for her literature class, she dropped it. | Answer: (B) Right after she bought it, Martina dropped the book for her literature class. |
|
Select the organism in the same genus as the western crowned pigeon. | [
"Lonicera japonica",
"Hystrix cristata",
"Goura cristata"
] | 2 | This organism is a western crowned pigeon. Its scientific name is Goura cristata. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Scientific names | Use scientific names to classify organisms | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A western crowned pigeon's scientific name is Goura cristata. The first word of its scientific name is Goura.
Hystrix cristata and Goura cristata are not in the same genus.
These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Hystrix cristata and Goura cristata have the same species name within their genus, cristata. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix, and Goura cristata is in the genus Goura.
Lonicera japonica is in the genus Lonicera. The first word of its scientific name is Lonicera. So, Lonicera japonica and Goura cristata are not in the same genus.
This organism and the western crowned pigeon are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Goura cristata. | Question: Select the organism in the same genus as the western crowned pigeon.
(A) Lonicera japonica
(B) Hystrix cristata
(C) Goura cristata
| Answer: (C) Goura cristata | Answer: (B) Hystrix cristata |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which is a simple sentence? | [
"If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls.",
"On a clear, peaceful morning at Rincon Point, Joy paddled out into the surf."
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex? | A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.
An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.
the oranges on our tree are ripe
The clause can stand alone. It is independent.
after we pick up Kevin from work
The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.
A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.
Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.
Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.
A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.
A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.
If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids. | The first sentence is the simple sentence. It is a single independent clause.
On a clear, peaceful morning at Rincon Point, Joy paddled out into the surf. | Question: Which is a simple sentence?
(A) If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls.
(B) On a clear, peaceful morning at Rincon Point, Joy paddled out into the surf.
| Answer: (B) On a clear, peaceful morning at Rincon Point, Joy paddled out into the surf. | Answer: (A) If we hike Bright Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon, we won't see Mooney Falls. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
From forth the fatal loins of these two foes
A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life.
—William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet | [
"onomatopoeia",
"alliteration"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade10 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech: review | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
What a lucky little lady you are!
An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake.
A simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.
The cat's fur was as dark as the night.
A metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.
The snow formed a blanket over the town.
Onomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.
The scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.
Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.
The trees danced in the wind.
A pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.
A great new broom is sweeping the nation.
Verbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.
Olivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.
Each breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face. | The text uses alliteration, the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.
From forth the fatal loins of these two foes repeats the f sound. | Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
From forth the fatal loins of these two foes
A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life.
—William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet
(A) onomatopoeia
(B) alliteration
| Answer: (B) alliteration | Answer: (A) onomatopoeia |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the one substance that is not a mineral. | [
"Chalcopyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.",
"Paint is not a pure substance. It is made in a factory.",
"Graphite is not made by living things. It is formed in nature."
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify minerals using properties | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! | Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.
Graphite is a mineral.
Paint is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.
Paint is not a pure substance. But all minerals are pure substances.
So, paint is not a mineral.
Chalcopyrite is a mineral. | Question: Select the one substance that is not a mineral.
(A) Chalcopyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance.
(B) Paint is not a pure substance. It is made in a factory.
(C) Graphite is not made by living things. It is formed in nature.
| Answer: (B) Paint is not a pure substance. It is made in a factory. | Answer: (A) Chalcopyrite is formed in nature. It is a pure substance. |
|
What can Percy and Cole trade to each get what they want? | [
"Percy can trade his tomatoes for Cole's broccoli.",
"Cole can trade his broccoli for Percy's oranges.",
"Cole can trade his almonds for Percy's tomatoes.",
"Percy can trade his tomatoes for Cole's carrots."
] | 0 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Percy and Cole open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Percy nor Cole got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted:
Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.
Percy's lunch Cole's lunch | closed choice | grade8 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Percy wants broccoli. Cole wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | Question: What can Percy and Cole trade to each get what they want?
(A) Percy can trade his tomatoes for Cole's broccoli.
(B) Cole can trade his broccoli for Percy's oranges.
(C) Cole can trade his almonds for Percy's tomatoes.
(D) Percy can trade his tomatoes for Cole's carrots.
| Answer: (A) Percy can trade his tomatoes for Cole's broccoli. | Answer: (C) Cole can trade his almonds for Percy's tomatoes. |
||
Which country is highlighted? | [
"Solomon Islands",
"Tonga",
"Tuvalu",
"Fiji"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade8 | social science | geography | Oceania: geography | Identify and select countries of Oceania | This country is Fiji. | Question: Which country is highlighted?
(A) Solomon Islands
(B) Tonga
(C) Tuvalu
(D) Fiji
| Answer: (D) Fiji | Answer: (A) Solomon Islands |
|||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which is a simple sentence? | [
"Every morning my alarm clock wakes me at six o'clock.",
"Dad took the last chair, so you will have to stand."
] | 0 | closed choice | grade3 | language science | grammar | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence simple or compound? | A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.
The pitcher threw the ball to first base.
A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.
The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.
Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.
Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.
This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.
The singers bowed and walked off the stage.
This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.
Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.
In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.
This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter. | The second sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate.
Every morning my alarm clock wakes me at six o'clock. | Question: Which is a simple sentence?
(A) Every morning my alarm clock wakes me at six o'clock.
(B) Dad took the last chair, so you will have to stand.
| Answer: (A) Every morning my alarm clock wakes me at six o'clock. | Answer: (B) Dad took the last chair, so you will have to stand. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Complete the statement.
Hydrogen chloride is (). | [
"a compound",
"an elementary substance"
] | 0 | Hydrogen chloride is part of the liquid in your stomach that helps digest food. The chemical formula for hydrogen chloride is HCl. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Classify elementary substances and compounds using chemical formulas | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.
The atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.
An elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.
The atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.
For example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.
A compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.
The chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.
For example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms. | You can tell whether hydrogen chloride is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.
The chemical formula for hydrogen chloride, HCl, contains two atomic symbols: H for hydrogen and Cl for chlorine. So, the formula tells you that hydrogen chloride is composed of two chemical elements bonded together.
Since hydrogen chloride is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, hydrogen chloride is a compound. | Question: Complete the statement.
Hydrogen chloride is ().
(A) a compound
(B) an elementary substance
| Answer: (A) a compound | Answer: (B) an elementary substance |
Which of these states is farthest west? | [
"Massachusetts",
"Kentucky",
"Maine",
"North Carolina"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade2 | social science | geography | Geography | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Kentucky is farthest west. | Question: Which of these states is farthest west?
(A) Massachusetts
(B) Kentucky
(C) Maine
(D) North Carolina
| Answer: (B) Kentucky | Answer: (C) Maine |
||
Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance. | [
"fluoromethanol",
"ozone",
"carbon tetrachloride"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Identify elementary substances and compounds using models | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.
Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.
In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. | Question: Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance.
(A) fluoromethanol
(B) ozone
(C) carbon tetrachloride
| Answer: (B) ozone | Answer: (A) fluoromethanol |
|||
Select the amphibian below. | [
"African bullfrog",
"barn owl"
] | 0 | Amphibians have moist skin and begin their lives in water. A European green toad is an example of an amphibian. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. | An African bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.
A barn owl is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica. | Question: Select the amphibian below.
(A) African bullfrog
(B) barn owl
| Answer: (A) African bullfrog | Answer: (B) barn owl |
|
Which ocean is highlighted? | [
"the Arctic Ocean",
"the Southern Ocean",
"the Pacific Ocean",
"the Atlantic Ocean"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade6 | social science | geography | Physical Geography | Oceans and continents | Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. | This is the Pacific Ocean. | Question: Which ocean is highlighted?
(A) the Arctic Ocean
(B) the Southern Ocean
(C) the Pacific Ocean
(D) the Atlantic Ocean
| Answer: (C) the Pacific Ocean | Answer: (A) the Arctic Ocean |
||
Which specific humidity level was measured within the outlined area shown? | [
"22 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air",
"11 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air",
"16 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air"
] | 0 | The map below shows humidity in the lower atmosphere on April 9, 2016. The map shows specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air. The outlined area shows an air mass that influenced weather in Africa on that day.
Look at the map. Then, answer the question below.
Data source: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | Identify and compare air masses | To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air.
The map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg. Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg. | Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent.
The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 20 and 24 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.
22 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range.
11 and 16 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range. | Question: Which specific humidity level was measured within the outlined area shown?
(A) 22 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air
(B) 11 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air
(C) 16 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air
| Answer: (A) 22 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air | Answer: (B) 11 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the mass of an ear of corn? | [
"16 ounces",
"16 tons",
"16 pounds"
] | 0 | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of mass | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Mass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.
There are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.
There are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
So, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.
A slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton. | The best estimate for the mass of an ear of corn is 16 ounces.
16 pounds and 16 tons are both too heavy. | Question: What is the mass of an ear of corn?
(A) 16 ounces
(B) 16 tons
(C) 16 pounds
| Answer: (A) 16 ounces | Answer: (C) 16 pounds |
Not supported with pagination yet | Using only these supplies, which question can Logan investigate with an experiment? | [
"Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?",
"Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?",
"Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?"
] | 1 | Logan and his sister are building ramps to race their toy cars down. Logan notices that the cars go down some of the ramps faster than others. He wonders what factors affect the cars' speed. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
two identical toy cars
a wooden ramp three feet long and two feet tall
a cardboard ramp three feet long and two feet tall | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! | Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Logan investigate with an experiment?
(A) Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?
(B) Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?
(C) Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?
| Answer: (B) Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard? | Answer: (C) Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels? |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Hanson enjoys the cool evening breezes that are common on summer evenings where he lives. | [
"weather",
"climate"
] | 1 | Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | What's the difference between weather and climate? | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. | Read the text carefully.
Hanson enjoys the cool evening breezes that are common on summer evenings where he lives.
This passage tells you about the usual wind patterns where Hanson lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. | Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
Hanson enjoys the cool evening breezes that are common on summer evenings where he lives.
(A) weather
(B) climate
| Answer: (B) climate | Answer: (A) weather |
Not supported with pagination yet | What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
William is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department. | [
"William is tall for his age.",
"William is overweight."
] | 1 | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. | The text uses a euphemism, a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The euphemism big-boned suggests that William is overweight. | Question: What does the euphemism in this text suggest?
William is big-boned, so despite being in middle school, he often shops in the men's department.
(A) William is tall for his age.
(B) William is overweight.
| Answer: (B) William is overweight. | Answer: (A) William is tall for his age. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on this information, what is Flash's phenotype for the horns trait? | [
"HH",
"not having horns"
] | 1 | In a group of cows, some individuals have horns and others do not. In this group, the gene for the horns trait has two alleles. The allele H is for not having horns, and the allele h is for having horns.
Flash, a cow from this group, does not have horns. Flash has two alleles for not having horns. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype | All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.
For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.
An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.
An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. | An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Flash's observable version of the horns trait is not having horns. So, Flash's phenotype for the horns trait is not having horns. | Question: Based on this information, what is Flash's phenotype for the horns trait?
(A) HH
(B) not having horns
| Answer: (B) not having horns | Answer: (A) HH |
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
By the time Sarah had finished explaining to Mr. Kramer what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade. | [
"ancient legend",
"the Bible"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion Scheherazade is ancient legend.
The Arabian Nights presents the ancient legend of how Scheherazade successfully postpones her imminent death by mesmerizing her captor with a thousand and one fascinating tales.
The allusion Scheherazade means a person who uses his or her arts to distract someone and avoid consequences. | Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
By the time Sarah had finished explaining to Mr. Kramer what had happened, her friends were laughingly referring to her as Scheherazade.
(A) ancient legend
(B) the Bible
| Answer: (A) ancient legend | Answer: (B) the Bible |
|
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"repel",
"attract"
] | 0 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).
Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.
If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. | Question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
(A) repel
(B) attract
| Answer: (A) repel | Answer: (B) attract |
|
Which bird's beak is also adapted to get nectar out of long flowers? | [
"common nighthawk",
"green violetear"
] | 1 | Purple honeycreepers live in the forests of South America. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.
Figure: purple honeycreeper. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. | Look at the picture of the purple honeycreeper.
The purple honeycreeper has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The purple honeycreeper's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers.
Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.
The green violetear has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.
The common nighthawk has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The common nighthawk uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates. | Question: Which bird's beak is also adapted to get nectar out of long flowers?
(A) common nighthawk
(B) green violetear
| Answer: (B) green violetear | Answer: (A) common nighthawk |
|
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The four largest planets are made mainly of gas or ice. | [
"true",
"false"
] | 0 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade8 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15
| To decide which four planets are the largest, look at the volumes and compare the exponents. The volumes of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have the largest exponents. So, these four planets are the largest.
Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, the four largest planets are made mainly of gas or ice. | Question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The four largest planets are made mainly of gas or ice.
(A) true
(B) false
| Answer: (A) true | Answer: (B) false |
|
Which is this organism's scientific name? | [
"Carassius auratus",
"goldfish"
] | 0 | This organism is a goldfish. It is also called Carassius auratus. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Scientific names | Identify common and scientific names | An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.
An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.
Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. | Carassius auratus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.
So, Carassius auratus is the scientific name. | Question: Which is this organism's scientific name?
(A) Carassius auratus
(B) goldfish
| Answer: (A) Carassius auratus | Answer: (B) goldfish |
|
Which i in row A? | [
"the theater",
"the police department",
"the fast-food restaurant",
"the fire department"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | Geography | Use a letter-number grid | A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. | The police department is in row A. | Question: Which i in row A?
(A) the theater
(B) the police department
(C) the fast-food restaurant
(D) the fire department
| Answer: (B) the police department | Answer: (D) the fire department |
||
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2."
] | 2 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. | The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.
Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. | Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
(B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.
(C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.
| Answer: (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. | Answer: (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. |
|
Select the organism in the same genus as the small-mouth salamander. | [
"Lissotriton helveticus",
"Ambystoma texanum",
"Lissotriton vulgaris"
] | 1 | This organism is a small-mouth salamander. Its scientific name is Ambystoma texanum. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Classification and scientific names | Use scientific names to classify organisms | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A small-mouth salamander's scientific name is Ambystoma texanum. The first word of its scientific name is Ambystoma.
Lissotriton helveticus is in the genus Lissotriton. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton. So, Lissotriton helveticus and Ambystoma texanum are not in the same genus.
This organism and the small-mouth salamander are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Ambystoma texanum.
Lissotriton vulgaris is in the genus Lissotriton. The first word of its scientific name is Lissotriton. So, Lissotriton vulgaris and Ambystoma texanum are not in the same genus. | Question: Select the organism in the same genus as the small-mouth salamander.
(A) Lissotriton helveticus
(B) Ambystoma texanum
(C) Lissotriton vulgaris
| Answer: (B) Ambystoma texanum | Answer: (C) Lissotriton vulgaris |
|
What is the name of the colony shown? | [
"South Carolina",
"North Carolina",
"Virginia",
"Florida"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | us-history | Colonial America | Identify the Thirteen Colonies | The colony is South Carolina. | Question: What is the name of the colony shown?
(A) South Carolina
(B) North Carolina
(C) Virginia
(D) Florida
| Answer: (A) South Carolina | Answer: (C) Virginia |
|||
What is the capital of Maryland? | [
"Boston",
"Omaha",
"Dover",
"Annapolis"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. | Question: What is the capital of Maryland?
(A) Boston
(B) Omaha
(C) Dover
(D) Annapolis
| Answer: (D) Annapolis | Answer: (C) Dover |
|||
What can Kayla and Janet trade to each get what they want? | [
"Kayla can trade her tomatoes for Janet's carrots.",
"Kayla can trade her tomatoes for Janet's broccoli.",
"Janet can trade her broccoli for Kayla's oranges.",
"Janet can trade her almonds for Kayla's tomatoes."
] | 1 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Kayla and Janet open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Kayla nor Janet got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted:
Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.
Kayla's lunch Janet's lunch | closed choice | grade8 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Kayla wants broccoli. Janet wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | Question: What can Kayla and Janet trade to each get what they want?
(A) Kayla can trade her tomatoes for Janet's carrots.
(B) Kayla can trade her tomatoes for Janet's broccoli.
(C) Janet can trade her broccoli for Kayla's oranges.
(D) Janet can trade her almonds for Kayla's tomatoes.
| Answer: (B) Kayla can trade her tomatoes for Janet's broccoli. | Answer: (C) Janet can trade her broccoli for Kayla's oranges. |
||
Which of these states is farthest east? | [
"Kansas",
"Minnesota",
"Connecticut",
"Maine"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Maps | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Maine is farthest east. | Question: Which of these states is farthest east?
(A) Kansas
(B) Minnesota
(C) Connecticut
(D) Maine
| Answer: (D) Maine | Answer: (B) Minnesota |
||
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Bobby spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian. | [
"a fairy tale",
"Greek history"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion draconian is Greek history.
Draco, a government official in seventh-century Athens, Greece, wrote a code of laws that called for severe punishments for even minor offenses.
The allusion draconian means harsh. | Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
Bobby spoke at the city council meeting, claiming the new recycling regulations were draconian.
(A) a fairy tale
(B) Greek history
| Answer: (B) Greek history | Answer: (A) a fairy tale |
|
Which property do these four objects have in common? | [
"fuzzy",
"stretchy",
"slippery"
] | 0 | Select the best answer. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of objects | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The yarn pom pom and the tennis ball are not slippery.
A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All four objects are fuzzy.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The socks are stretchy, but the kiwi is not.
The property that all four objects have in common is fuzzy. | Question: Which property do these four objects have in common?
(A) fuzzy
(B) stretchy
(C) slippery
| Answer: (A) fuzzy | Answer: (B) stretchy |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | What kind of sentence is this?
Roger is the best cook I know! | [
"interrogative",
"exclamatory"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | language science | punctuation | Sentences, fragments, and run-ons | Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory? | There are four kinds of sentences.
A declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.
I have an older brother and a younger sister.
An interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.
How tall are you?
An imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.
Read the first chapter by next week.
Look out for that car!
An exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.
Some whales are over ninety feet long!
I can't wait until tomorrow! | The sentence tells about something, but it shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence. | Question: What kind of sentence is this?
Roger is the best cook I know!
(A) interrogative
(B) exclamatory
| Answer: (B) exclamatory | Answer: (A) interrogative |
|
Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The four largest planets are made mainly of gas or ice. | [
"false",
"true"
] | 1 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade8 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15
| To decide which four planets are the largest, look at the volumes and compare the exponents. The volumes of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have the largest exponents. So, these four planets are the largest.
Jupiter and Saturn are made mainly of gas. Uranus and Neptune are made mainly of ice. So, the four largest planets are made mainly of gas or ice. | Question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The four largest planets are made mainly of gas or ice.
(A) false
(B) true
| Answer: (B) true | Answer: (A) false |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which tense does the sentence use?
Mrs. Murphy will reply to Grayson's question about space. | [
"past tense",
"future tense",
"present tense"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade3 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, reply. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Mrs. Murphy will reply to Grayson's question about space.
(A) past tense
(B) future tense
(C) present tense
| Answer: (B) future tense | Answer: (A) past tense |
|
Which state is highlighted? | [
"Colorado",
"Washington",
"Nevada",
"Idaho"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | States | Identify the 50 states | This state is Nevada. | Question: Which state is highlighted?
(A) Colorado
(B) Washington
(C) Nevada
(D) Idaho
| Answer: (C) Nevada | Answer: (D) Idaho |
|||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which tense does the sentence use?
Dad will sew a patch on my pants. | [
"present tense",
"past tense",
"future tense"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | language science | verbs | Verb tense | Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense? | Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.
Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.
Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.
Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.
Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.
Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.
Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.
All future-tense verbs use the word will.
Present | Past | Future
walk, walks | walked | will walk
go, goes | went | will go | The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, sew. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen. | Question: Which tense does the sentence use?
Dad will sew a patch on my pants.
(A) present tense
(B) past tense
(C) future tense
| Answer: (C) future tense | Answer: (A) present tense |
|
Which of the following could Dustin's test show? | [
"how steady a parachute with a 1 m vent was at 200 km per hour",
"if the spacecraft was damaged when using a parachute with a 1 m vent going 200 km per hour",
"whether a parachute with a 1 m vent would swing too much at 400 km per hour"
] | 0 | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below.
Dustin was an aerospace engineer who was developing a parachute for a spacecraft that would land on Mars. He needed to add a vent at the center of the parachute so the spacecraft would land smoothly. However, the spacecraft would have to travel at a high speed before landing. If the vent was too big or too small, the parachute might swing wildly at this speed. The movement could damage the spacecraft.
So, to help decide how big the vent should be, Dustin put a parachute with a 1 m vent in a wind tunnel. The wind tunnel made it seem like the parachute was moving at 200 km per hour. He observed the parachute to see how much it swung.
Figure: a spacecraft's parachute in a wind tunnel. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Engineering practices | Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves.
First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind.
Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved.
Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds. | Question: Which of the following could Dustin's test show?
(A) how steady a parachute with a 1 m vent was at 200 km per hour
(B) if the spacecraft was damaged when using a parachute with a 1 m vent going 200 km per hour
(C) whether a parachute with a 1 m vent would swing too much at 400 km per hour
| Answer: (A) how steady a parachute with a 1 m vent was at 200 km per hour | Answer: (B) if the spacecraft was damaged when using a parachute with a 1 m vent going 200 km per hour |
||
Which of these states is farthest south? | [
"North Dakota",
"Washington",
"Ohio",
"New Hampshire"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade2 | social science | geography | Geography | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Ohio is farthest south. | Question: Which of these states is farthest south?
(A) North Dakota
(B) Washington
(C) Ohio
(D) New Hampshire
| Answer: (C) Ohio | Answer: (D) New Hampshire |
||
Which air temperature was measured within the outlined area shown? | [
"3°C",
"-17°C",
"-4°C"
] | 1 | The map below shows air temperatures in the lower atmosphere on April 19, 2016. The outlined area shows an air mass that influenced weather in North America on that day.
Look at the map. Then, answer the question below.
Data source: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | Identify and compare air masses | To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures.
The map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25°C up to -20°C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20°C up to -15°C. | Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent.
15°C.
-17°C is within this range.
-4°C and 3°C are outside of this range. | Question: Which air temperature was measured within the outlined area shown?
(A) 3°C
(B) -17°C
(C) -4°C
| Answer: (B) -17°C | Answer: (C) -4°C |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening? | [
"The Moon is pushing on Earth.",
"The Moon is pulling on Earth."
] | 1 | Isaac Newton was born in the 1600s and studied how objects move. He discovered three fundamental laws about forces and motion. According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force.
Consider the following force:
Earth is pulling on the Moon. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Predict forces using Newton's third law | According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.
For example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. | Earth is pulling on the Moon. So, Newton's third law tells you that the Moon is pulling on Earth. | Question: According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?
(A) The Moon is pushing on Earth.
(B) The Moon is pulling on Earth.
| Answer: (B) The Moon is pulling on Earth. | Answer: (A) The Moon is pushing on Earth. |
Not supported with pagination yet | Would you find the word snout on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
sheep - spoil | [
"no",
"yes"
] | 1 | yes or no | grade6 | language science | reference-skills | Reference skills | Use guide words | Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed. | Put the words in alphabetical order.
Since snout is between the guide words sheep - spoil, it would be found on that page. | Question: Would you find the word snout on a dictionary page with the following guide words?
sheep - spoil
(A) no
(B) yes
| Answer: (B) yes | Answer: (A) no |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which correctly shows the title of a book? | [
"\"The Trumpet of the Swan\"",
"***The Trumpet of the Swan***"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade6 | language science | punctuation | Formatting | Formatting titles | The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.
A Midsummer Night's Dream
The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.
"You Are My Sunshine" | A book should be in italics.
The correct title is **The Trumpet of the Swan**. | Question: Which correctly shows the title of a book?
(A) "The Trumpet of the Swan"
(B) ***The Trumpet of the Swan***
| Answer: (B) ***The Trumpet of the Swan*** | Answer: (A) "The Trumpet of the Swan" |
|
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2."
] | 2 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. | The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.
There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. | Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.
(B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
(C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.
| Answer: (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. | Answer: (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Tara's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded. | [
"oxymoron",
"paradox"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.
The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.
Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.
I ate so much that I think I might explode!
An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.
Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic.
A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Always expect the unexpected. | The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.
Nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there. | Question: Which figure of speech is used in this text?
Tara's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded.
(A) oxymoron
(B) paradox
| Answer: (B) paradox | Answer: (A) oxymoron |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Which greeting is correct for a letter? | [
"Dear Grandma Leah,",
"Dear grandma Leah,"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade2 | language science | capitalization | Capitalization | Greetings and closings of letters | A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.
Dear Aunt Sue,
I'm glad you could come to my party, and
thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have
asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think
of you.
With love,
Rory | The first greeting is correct:
Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Grandma Leah is capitalized because it is a proper noun. | Question: Which greeting is correct for a letter?
(A) Dear Grandma Leah,
(B) Dear grandma Leah,
| Answer: (A) Dear Grandma Leah, | Answer: (B) Dear grandma Leah, |
|
What can Abdul and Elise trade to each get what they want? | [
"Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's carrots.",
"Elise can trade her broccoli for Abdul's oranges.",
"Elise can trade her almonds for Abdul's tomatoes.",
"Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's broccoli."
] | 3 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Abdul and Elise open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Abdul nor Elise got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted:
Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.
Abdul's lunch Elise's lunch | closed choice | grade8 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Abdul wants broccoli. Elise wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | Question: What can Abdul and Elise trade to each get what they want?
(A) Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's carrots.
(B) Elise can trade her broccoli for Abdul's oranges.
(C) Elise can trade her almonds for Abdul's tomatoes.
(D) Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's broccoli.
| Answer: (D) Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's broccoli. | Answer: (A) Abdul can trade his tomatoes for Elise's carrots. |
||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
You may be impressed by Senator Murphy's work with low-income communities, but the fact remains that he graduated from an elite university. He couldn't possibly empathize with low-income constituents. | [
"hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations",
"bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct",
"guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade11 | language science | writing-strategies | Developing and supporting arguments | Classify logical fallacies | A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:
Fallacy | Description
ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself
appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice
bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice
circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself
guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something
A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:
Fallacy | Description
false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other
false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist
hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations
slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences
straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against
| The text argues that Senator Murphy can't empathize with his low-income constituents because he went to an elite university. However, going to an elite university doesn't necessarily mean you're out of touch. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association. | Question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text?
You may be impressed by Senator Murphy's work with low-income communities, but the fact remains that he graduated from an elite university. He couldn't possibly empathize with low-income constituents.
(A) hasty generalization: a broad claim based on too few observations
(B) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct
(C) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something
| Answer: (C) guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something | Answer: (B) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | What information supports the conclusion that Quincy acquired this trait? | [
"Quincy's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle.",
"Quincy and his mother both ride bicycles.",
"Quincy rides his bicycle to school."
] | 0 | Read the description of a trait.
Quincy can ride a bicycle. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. | Question: What information supports the conclusion that Quincy acquired this trait?
(A) Quincy's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle.
(B) Quincy and his mother both ride bicycles.
(C) Quincy rides his bicycle to school.
| Answer: (A) Quincy's friend showed him how to ride a bicycle. | Answer: (C) Quincy rides his bicycle to school. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Select the vertebrate. | [
"woodpecker",
"castor bean tick",
"grasshopper",
"red-spotted purple butterfly"
] | 0 | Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify vertebrates and invertebrates | Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals.
A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange.
An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body. | A woodpecker is a bird. Like other birds, a woodpecker is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
A grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A red-spotted purple butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a red-spotted purple butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
A castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. | Question: Select the vertebrate.
(A) woodpecker
(B) castor bean tick
(C) grasshopper
(D) red-spotted purple butterfly
| Answer: (A) woodpecker | Answer: (C) grasshopper |
What is the capital of Rhode Island? | [
"Newport",
"Augusta",
"Providence",
"Carson City"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Providence is the capital of Rhode Island. | Question: What is the capital of Rhode Island?
(A) Newport
(B) Augusta
(C) Providence
(D) Carson City
| Answer: (C) Providence | Answer: (D) Carson City |
|||
Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect? | [
"South America",
"Africa",
"Asia"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Maps | Use lines of latitude and longitude | Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.
Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there.
Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.
The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W.
Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. | The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect South America or Asia. | Question: Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect?
(A) South America
(B) Africa
(C) Asia
| Answer: (B) Africa | Answer: (A) South America |
||
What is the expected ratio of offspring with green body feathers to offspring with blue body feathers? Choose the most likely ratio. | [
"2:2",
"0:4",
"1:3",
"3:1",
"4:0"
] | 0 | In a group of budgerigar parakeets, some individuals have green body feathers and others have blue body feathers. In this group, the gene for the body feather color trait has two alleles. The allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B).
This Punnett square shows a cross between two budgerigar parakeets. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types | Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?
How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.
If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.
A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.
For example, consider the Punnett square below.
| F | f
F | FF | Ff
f | Ff | ff
There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.
| To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with green body feathers or blue body feathers, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the body feather color trait. The question tells you that the b allele, which is for blue body feathers, is recessive to the B allele, which is for green body feathers.
Green body feathers is the dominant allele's version of the body feather color trait. A budgerigar parakeet with the dominant version of the body feather color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the body feather color gene. So, offspring with green body feathers must have the genotype BB or Bb.
There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype BB or Bb. These boxes are highlighted below.
Blue body feathers is the recessive allele's version of the body feather color trait. A budgerigar parakeet with the recessive version of the body feather color trait must have only recessive alleles for the body feather color gene. So, offspring with blue body feathers must have the genotype bb.
There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype bb. These boxes are highlighted below.
So, the expected ratio of offspring with green body feathers to offspring with blue body feathers is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with green body feathers for every 2 offspring with blue body feathers. | Question: What is the expected ratio of offspring with green body feathers to offspring with blue body feathers? Choose the most likely ratio.
(A) 2:2
(B) 0:4
(C) 1:3
(D) 3:1
(E) 4:0
| Answer: (A) 2:2 | Answer: (E) 4:0 |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | What does the idiom in this text suggest?
In such an unfamiliar environment, Dirk was a fish out of water. | [
"Dirk felt out of place.",
"Dirk had not visited that location before."
] | 0 | closed choice | grade7 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Interpret figures of speech | Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.
An idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.
The assignment was a piece of cake. | The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.
The idiom a fish out of water suggests that Dirk felt out of place. A fish out of water is someone out of his or her usual, comfortable environment. | Question: What does the idiom in this text suggest?
In such an unfamiliar environment, Dirk was a fish out of water.
(A) Dirk felt out of place.
(B) Dirk had not visited that location before.
| Answer: (A) Dirk felt out of place. | Answer: (B) Dirk had not visited that location before. |
|
Which continent is highlighted? | [
"Antarctica",
"North America",
"South America",
"Europe"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | geography | Physical Geography | Oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is South America. | Question: Which continent is highlighted?
(A) Antarctica
(B) North America
(C) South America
(D) Europe
| Answer: (C) South America | Answer: (D) Europe |
||
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"attract",
"repel"
] | 0 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.
Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S.
If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
| To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
Both poles of each magnet line up with both poles of the other magnet. The south pole of each magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. | Question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
(A) attract
(B) repel
| Answer: (A) attract | Answer: (B) repel |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | What do these two changes have in common?
mixing sand and water
a sidewalk heating up in the sun | [
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | 2 | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | chemistry | Physical and chemical change | Compare physical and chemical changes | Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.
In a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.
Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.
In a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.
A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.
The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change. | Step 1: Think about each change.
Mixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before.
A sidewalk heating up in the sun is a physical change. The temperature of the sidewalk goes up, but the sidewalk is still made of the same type of matter.
Step 2: Look at each answer choice.
Both are only physical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.
Both are chemical changes.
Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.
Both are caused by heating.
A sidewalk getting warm in the sun is caused by heating. But mixing sand and water is not.
Both are caused by cooling.
Neither change is caused by cooling. | Question: What do these two changes have in common?
mixing sand and water
a sidewalk heating up in the sun
(A) Both are chemical changes.
(B) Both are caused by cooling.
(C) Both are only physical changes.
(D) Both are caused by heating.
| Answer: (C) Both are only physical changes. | Answer: (B) Both are caused by cooling. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Suppose Isabelle decides to see the storks. Which result would be a cost? | [
"Isabelle will enjoy seeing the storks more than she would have enjoyed seeing the cranes.",
"Isabelle will spend more time walking to the storks. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the cranes are close by."
] | 1 | Isabelle is deciding whether to see the storks or the cranes at the zoo. She wants to see lots of animals, but the zoo is closing soon. | closed choice | grade5 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Costs and benefits | Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.
Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.
Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need. | This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Isabelle wants or needs:
Isabelle will spend more time walking to the storks. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the cranes are close by. | Question: Suppose Isabelle decides to see the storks. Which result would be a cost?
(A) Isabelle will enjoy seeing the storks more than she would have enjoyed seeing the cranes.
(B) Isabelle will spend more time walking to the storks. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the cranes are close by.
| Answer: (B) Isabelle will spend more time walking to the storks. They are on the other side of the zoo, but the cranes are close by. | Answer: (A) Isabelle will enjoy seeing the storks more than she would have enjoyed seeing the cranes. |
Not supported with pagination yet | Complete the statement.
During this chemical reaction, the solution becomes (). | [
"colder",
"warmer"
] | 0 | When a chemical reaction absorbs or releases thermal energy, the reaction causes a change in temperature. Read the passage about a chemical reaction that absorbs or releases thermal energy. Then, follow the instructions below.
Pickling is used to prevent foods such as meat and vegetables from spoiling too soon. Food that has been pickled may remain edible for more than a year! One type of pickling involves soaking the food in a solution of water and sodium chloride (NaCl). When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl−) form in the solution. During this process, a small amount of thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | chemistry | Chemical reactions | Describe energy changes in chemical reactions | During a chemical reaction, thermal energy is absorbed or released as heat. This transfer of thermal energy changes the temperature of the reaction's surroundings. The surroundings are everything around the reaction, such as the solution that the reaction takes place in or the air nearby.
Some reactions release thermal energy into the surroundings. This thermal energy is converted from chemical energy, which is provided by the molecules in the reaction. As the thermal energy moves out of the reaction and into the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings increases.
Some reactions absorb thermal energy from the surroundings. This thermal energy is converted into chemical energy during the reaction. As the thermal energy moves out of the surroundings and into the reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases. | To determine whether the solution becomes warmer or colder, look for the text that describes the movement of thermal energy during the reaction.Pickling is used to prevent foods such as meat and vegetables from spoiling too soon. Food that has been pickled may remain edible for more than a year! One type of pickling involves soaking the food in a solution of water and sodium chloride (NaCl). When sodium chloride is dissolved in water, sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl−) form in the solution. During this process, a small amount of thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings.The underlined text tells you that thermal energy is taken in from the surroundings. Because thermal energy moves out of the surroundings and into the reaction, the temperature of the surroundings decreases.The surroundings include the solution that the reaction takes place in. So, the solution becomes colder. | Question: Complete the statement.
During this chemical reaction, the solution becomes ().
(A) colder
(B) warmer
| Answer: (A) colder | Answer: (B) warmer |
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the volume of a blender? | [
"2 milliliters",
"2 liters"
] | 1 | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.
There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.
A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters. | The better estimate for the volume of a blender is 2 liters.
2 milliliters is too little. | Question: What is the volume of a blender?
(A) 2 milliliters
(B) 2 liters
| Answer: (B) 2 liters | Answer: (A) 2 milliliters |
Which of these cities is marked on the map? | [
"Salt Lake City",
"San Jose",
"Los Angeles",
"Portland"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Cities | Cities of the West | The city is Portland, Oregon. Salt Lake City, San Jose, and Los Angeles are marked with gray circles on the map below. | Question: Which of these cities is marked on the map?
(A) Salt Lake City
(B) San Jose
(C) Los Angeles
(D) Portland
| Answer: (D) Portland | Answer: (C) Los Angeles |
|||
Not supported with pagination yet | Which change better matches the sentence?
A part of Earth's surface shakes. | [
"earthquake",
"erosion"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | earth-science | Earth events | Classify changes to Earth's surface | Question: Which change better matches the sentence?
A part of Earth's surface shakes.
(A) earthquake
(B) erosion
| Answer: (A) earthquake | Answer: (B) erosion |
|||
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
When it comes to starting new businesses, Kinsley seems to have a Midas touch. | [
"the Bible",
"Greek mythology"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade9 | language science | figurative-language | Literary devices | Recall the source of an allusion | An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.
"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.
Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately. | The source of the allusion Midas is Greek mythology.
In Greek mythology, King Midas is granted his wish that everything he touches turn to gold.
The allusion Midas means fortunate. | Question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?
When it comes to starting new businesses, Kinsley seems to have a Midas touch.
(A) the Bible
(B) Greek mythology
| Answer: (B) Greek mythology | Answer: (A) the Bible |
|
Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"attract",
"repel"
] | 0 | Two magnets are placed as shown.
Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south.
Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S.
If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
| Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. | Question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
(A) attract
(B) repel
| Answer: (A) attract | Answer: (B) repel |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | What information supports the conclusion that Sidney acquired this trait? | [
"Sidney is most interested in American history.",
"Sidney learned history by reading."
] | 1 | Read the description of a trait.
Sidney knows a lot about history. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement | Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.
Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.
Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring. | Question: What information supports the conclusion that Sidney acquired this trait?
(A) Sidney is most interested in American history.
(B) Sidney learned history by reading.
| Answer: (B) Sidney learned history by reading. | Answer: (A) Sidney is most interested in American history. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | How long is a hiking trail? | [
"6 centimeters",
"6 kilometers"
] | 1 | Select the better estimate. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Imagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?
The number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.
Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.
There are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.
There are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer. | The better estimate for the length of a hiking trail is 6 kilometers.
6 centimeters is too short. | Question: How long is a hiking trail?
(A) 6 centimeters
(B) 6 kilometers
| Answer: (B) 6 kilometers | Answer: (A) 6 centimeters |
Not supported with pagination yet | What is the volume of a bowl of soup? | [
"8 gallons",
"8 cups",
"8 fluid ounces"
] | 2 | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose customary units of volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.
There are many different units of volume. When you are using customary units, volume may be written in units of fluid ounces, cups, or gallons.
As the diagram shows, there are 8 fluid ounces in 1 cup and 16 cups in 1 gallon. So, 1 fluid ounce is less than 1 cup and much less than 1 gallon.
A glass of milk has a volume of about 8 fluid ounces, or 1 cup. A jug of milk has a volume of 1 gallon. | The best estimate for the volume of a bowl of soup is 8 fluid ounces.
8 cups and 8 gallons are both too much. | Question: What is the volume of a bowl of soup?
(A) 8 gallons
(B) 8 cups
(C) 8 fluid ounces
| Answer: (C) 8 fluid ounces | Answer: (A) 8 gallons |
Not supported with pagination yet | Based on the passage, what was the Protestant Reformation? | [
"a war fought between Catholics in northern and western Europe",
"a movement demanding that the Catholic Church change some of its practices",
"a period when people asked Protestant churches to reform their teachings",
"a conflict between Protestants and people who separated from the Catholic Church"
] | 1 | The Protestant Reformation, often called the Reformation, was an important period in European history. Read the following description of the Reformation. Then answer the question below.
Before the 1500s, most people in northern and western Europe followed a Christian religion called Roman Catholicism. The leader of the Roman Catholic Church was called the pope. Many people criticized the pope and the Catholic Church during the Reformation. Catholic leaders were asked to reform, or change, what they were teaching and how they led the Catholic community. Some of the people calling for reform decided to separate from the Catholic Church and became known as Protestants. | closed choice | grade7 | social science | world-history | Early Modern Europe | The Reformation | The Protestant Reformation was a movement demanding that the Catholic Church reform, or change, some of its practices. Catholic leaders were asked to reform, or change, what they were teaching and how they led the Catholic community. Choice "a period when people asked Protestant churches to reform their teachings" is incorrect. The Reformation was a period when people asked the Catholic Church to reform. Choice "a conflict between Protestants and people who separated from the Catholic Church" is incorrect. The people who left the Catholic Church were not in conflict with Protestants. They were Protestants. Choice "a war fought between Catholics in northern and western Europe" is incorrect. Before the Reformation, most people in northern and western Europe were Catholics, but they were not fighting with each other during this time. | Question: Based on the passage, what was the Protestant Reformation?
(A) a war fought between Catholics in northern and western Europe
(B) a movement demanding that the Catholic Church change some of its practices
(C) a period when people asked Protestant churches to reform their teachings
(D) a conflict between Protestants and people who separated from the Catholic Church
| Answer: (B) a movement demanding that the Catholic Church change some of its practices | Answer: (A) a war fought between Catholics in northern and western Europe |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | Each bus takes the same amount of time to stop. Which school bus needs a larger force to come to a stop? | [
"a school bus carrying 700 pounds",
"a school bus carrying 500 pounds"
] | 0 | Kids from two different schools are riding their school buses home. The buses are the same. They are going the same speed. But different numbers of kids are riding in each bus. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Force and motion | How do mass and force affect motion? | A force is a push or a pull.
A force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.
Forces can be different sizes.
Think about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object. | Look for the school bus that is heavier.
A school bus carrying 700 pounds is heavier than a school bus carrying 500 pounds. So, the school bus carrying 700 pounds needs a larger force to come to a stop in the same amount of time as the other bus. | Question: Each bus takes the same amount of time to stop. Which school bus needs a larger force to come to a stop?
(A) a school bus carrying 700 pounds
(B) a school bus carrying 500 pounds
| Answer: (A) a school bus carrying 700 pounds | Answer: (B) a school bus carrying 500 pounds |
Not supported with pagination yet | How long is a basketball court? | [
"27 meters",
"27 millimeters",
"27 centimeters",
"27 kilometers"
] | 0 | Select the best estimate. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | units-and-measurement | Units and measurement | Choose metric units of distance, mass, and volume | Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.
When you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.
The tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.
A red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length. | The best estimate for the length of a basketball court is 27 meters.
27 millimeters and 27 centimeters are too short. 27 kilometers is too long. | Question: How long is a basketball court?
(A) 27 meters
(B) 27 millimeters
(C) 27 centimeters
(D) 27 kilometers
| Answer: (A) 27 meters | Answer: (C) 27 centimeters |
Not supported with pagination yet | Using only these supplies, which question can Steven investigate with an experiment? | [
"Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?",
"Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?",
"Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?"
] | 1 | Steven and his sister are building ramps to race their toy cars down. Steven notices that the cars go down some of the ramps faster than others. He wonders what factors affect the cars' speed. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available:
two identical toy cars
a wooden ramp three feet long and two feet tall
a cardboard ramp three feet long and two feet tall | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.
Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?
First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.
Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.
So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment! | Question: Using only these supplies, which question can Steven investigate with an experiment?
(A) Does a big toy car go down the wooden ramp faster than a small toy car?
(B) Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard?
(C) Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels?
| Answer: (B) Do toy cars go faster down the ramp made of wood or the ramp made of cardboard? | Answer: (C) Do toy cars with plastic wheels go faster down the cardboard ramp than toy cars with metal wheels? |
|
Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles? | [
"Solution A",
"Solution B",
"neither; their concentrations are the same"
] | 1 | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each blue ball represents one particle of solute. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | chemistry | Solutions | Compare concentrations of solutions | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent | In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.
Solution B has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of blue particles. | Question: Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles?
(A) Solution A
(B) Solution B
(C) neither; their concentrations are the same
| Answer: (B) Solution B | Answer: (C) neither; their concentrations are the same |
|
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1."
] | 2 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. | The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.
There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. | Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.
(B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.
(C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.
| Answer: (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. | Answer: (A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. |
|
Not supported with pagination yet | According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening? | [
"The hockey puck is pulling on the hockey stick.",
"The hockey puck is pushing on the hockey stick."
] | 1 | Isaac Newton was born in the 1600s and studied how objects move. He discovered three fundamental laws about forces and motion. According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force.
Consider the following force:
A hockey stick is pushing on a hockey puck. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Predict forces using Newton's third law | According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.
For example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you. | The hockey stick is pushing on the hockey puck. So, Newton's third law tells you that the hockey puck is pushing on the hockey stick. | Question: According to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?
(A) The hockey puck is pulling on the hockey stick.
(B) The hockey puck is pushing on the hockey stick.
| Answer: (B) The hockey puck is pushing on the hockey stick. | Answer: (A) The hockey puck is pulling on the hockey stick. |
Which continent is highlighted? | [
"Europe",
"Asia",
"Africa",
"North America"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade8 | social science | geography | Physical Geography | Oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is Asia. | Question: Which continent is highlighted?
(A) Europe
(B) Asia
(C) Africa
(D) North America
| Answer: (B) Asia | Answer: (A) Europe |