squad_v2_id
stringlengths
24
24
original question
stringlengths
12
189
disfluent question
stringlengths
1
655
title
stringclasses
24 values
context
stringclasses
813 values
answers
sequence
572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4
How much can the SP alter income tax in Scotland?
What can the or no rather how much can the SP alter income tax in Scotland?
Scottish_Parliament
The specific devolved matters are all subjects which are not explicitly stated in Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament. Most importantly, this includes agriculture, fisheries and forestry, economic development, education, environment, food standards, health, home affairs, Scots law – courts, police and fire services, local government, sport and the arts, transport, training, tourism, research and statistics and social work. The Scottish Parliament has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland by up to 3 pence in the pound. The 2012 Act conferred further fiscal devolution including borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns.
{ "text": [ "up to 3 pence in the pound", "up to 3 pence in the pound", "up to 3 pence in the pound" ], "answer_start": [ 619, 619, 619 ] }
5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b
What profession was Nathan Alterman?
What profession was Tadeusz Lempicki or no rather Nathan Alterman?
Warsaw
Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw. She was born Maria Górska in Warsaw to wealthy parents and in 1916 married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz Łempicki. Better than anyone else she represented the Art Deco style in painting and art. Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski, the Israeli composer, lyricist, and pianist, who studied music at the Warsaw Conservatory. Warsaw was the beloved city of Isaac Bashevis Singer, which he described in many of his novels: Warsaw has just now been destroyed. No one will ever see the Warsaw I knew. Let me just write about it. Let this Warsaw not disappear forever, he commented.
{ "text": [ "poet", "poet", "poet" ], "answer_start": [ 273, 273, 273 ] }
5a8203d431013a001a3350c0
What was Plato's approach considered?
What did Plato's perspective on science combine no no what was Plato's approach considered?
Harvard_University
In 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassiz's approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans' "participation in the Divine Nature" and the possibility of understanding "intellectual existences". Agassiz's perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the "divine plan" in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on a presumed archetype for his evidence. This dual view of knowledge was in concert with the teachings of Common Sense Realism derived from Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart, whose works were part of the Harvard curriculum at the time. The popularity of Agassiz's efforts to "soar with Plato" probably also derived from other writings to which Harvard students were exposed, including Platonic treatises by Ralph Cudworth, John Norrisand, in a Romantic vein, Samuel Coleridge. The library records at Harvard reveal that the writings of Plato and his early modern and Romantic followers were almost as regularly read during the 19th century as those of the "official philosophy" of the more empirical and more deistic Scottish school.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5726db5add62a815002e92d7
What term resulted from Dioscorides' book?
What men uh I meant term resulted from Dioscorides' book?
Pharmacy
In Ancient Greece, Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC) was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants. He wrote several treatises on the topic. The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD. The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age. The title coined the term materia medica.
{ "text": [ "materia medica", "materia medica", "materia medica" ], "answer_start": [ 533, 533, 533 ] }
5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b3
In what year was Owings contracted to develop a second master plan?
In what year was Mies van der Rohe er instead Owings contracted to develop a second master plan?
University_of_Chicago
After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles. In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen); a series of arts buildings; a building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the university's School of Social Service Administration;, a building which is to become the home of the Harris School of Public Policy Studies by Edward Durrell Stone, and the Regenstein Library, the largest building on campus, a brutalist structure designed by Walter Netsch of the Chicago firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Another master plan, designed in 1999 and updated in 2004, produced the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center (2003), the Max Palevsky Residential Commons (2001), South Campus Residence Hall and dining commons (2009), a new children's hospital, and other construction, expansions, and restorations. In 2011, the university completed the glass dome-shaped Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, which provides a grand reading room for the university library and prevents the need for an off-campus book depository.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5
What sate are things inside of a moving vehicle as seen by a person inside the vehicle?
What sate are things inside of a traveling or uh better a moving vehicle as seen by a person inside the vehicle?
Force
For instance, while traveling in a moving vehicle at a constant velocity, the laws of physics do not change from being at rest. A person can throw a ball straight up in the air and catch it as it falls down without worrying about applying a force in the direction the vehicle is moving. This is true even though another person who is observing the moving vehicle pass by also observes the ball follow a curving parabolic path in the same direction as the motion of the vehicle. It is the inertia of the ball associated with its constant velocity in the direction of the vehicle's motion that ensures the ball continues to move forward even as it is thrown up and falls back down. From the perspective of the person in the car, the vehicle and everything inside of it is at rest: It is the outside world that is moving with a constant speed in the opposite direction. Since there is no experiment that can distinguish whether it is the vehicle that is at rest or the outside world that is at rest, the two situations are considered to be physically indistinguishable. Inertia therefore applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest.
{ "text": [ "at rest", "at rest", "rest", "the vehicle and everything inside of it is at rest:" ], "answer_start": [ 770, 770, 773, 727 ] }
5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a7
What has caused Oxfam's findings to not be questioned?
What percentage of global assets does the richest 1% of people have or wait tell me what has caused Oxfam's findings to be trusted?
Economic_inequality
A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000. The three richest people in the world possess more financial assets than the lowest 48 nations combined. The combined wealth of the "10 million dollar millionaires" grew to nearly $41 trillion in 2008. A January 2014 report by Oxfam claims that the 85 wealthiest individuals in the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50% of the world's population, or about 3.5 billion people. According to a Los Angeles Times analysis of the report, the wealthiest 1% owns 46% of the world's wealth; the 85 richest people, a small part of the wealthiest 1%, own about 0.7% of the human population's wealth, which is the same as the bottom half of the population. More recently, in January 2015, Oxfam reported that the wealthiest 1 percent will own more than half of the global wealth by 2016. An October 2014 study by Credit Suisse also claims that the top 1% now own nearly half of the world's wealth and that the accelerating disparity could trigger a recession. In October 2015, Credit Suisse published a study which shows global inequality continues to increase, and that half of the world's wealth is now in the hands of those in the top percentile, whose assets each exceed $759,900. A 2016 report by Oxfam claims that the 62 wealthiest individuals own as much wealth as the poorer half of the global population combined. Oxfam's claims have however been questioned on the basis of the methodology used: by using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts), the Oxfam report, for instance, finds that there are more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China (due to a greater tendency to take on debts).[unreliable source?][unreliable source?] Anthony Shorrocks, the lead author of the Credit Suisse report which is one of the sources of Oxfam's data, considers the criticism about debt to be a "silly argument" and "a non-issue . . . a diversion."
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
573368e54776f41900660a54
Where is Bielany Forest located?
Why is no Where is Bielany Forest located?
Warsaw
The flora of the city may be considered very rich in species. The species richness is mainly due to the location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions comprising substantial proportions of close-to-wilderness areas (natural forests, wetlands along the Vistula) as well as arable land, meadows and forests. Bielany Forest, located within the borders of Warsaw, is the remaining part of the Masovian Primeval Forest. Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest. It is home to rich fauna and flora. Within the forest there are three cycling and walking trails. Other big forest area is Kabaty Forest by the southern city border. Warsaw has also two botanic gardens: by the Łazienki park (a didactic-research unit of the University of Warsaw) as well as by the Park of Culture and Rest in Powsin (a unit of the Polish Academy of Science).
{ "text": [ "within the borders of Warsaw", "Warsaw", "within the borders of Warsaw" ], "answer_start": [ 357, 379, 357 ] }
5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9b
Who didn't led New France reinforcements in 1756?
Who didn't led France no um New France reinforcements in 1756?
French_and_Indian_War
Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and seconded by the Chevalier de Lévis and Colonel François-Charles de Bourlamaque, all experienced veterans from the War of the Austrian Succession. During that time in Europe, on May 18, 1756, England formally declared war on France, which expanded the war into Europe, which was later to be known as the Seven Years' War.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
573009a004bcaa1900d7704f
When did the Rhine become borders with Francia?
How did or first when did the Rhine become borders with Francia?
Rhine
By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell to the Burgundian Netherlands in the 15th century; Holland remained contentious territory throughout the European wars of religion and the eventual collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, when the length of the Rhine fell to the First French Empire and its client states. The Alsace on the left banks of the Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469 and eventually fell to France in the Thirty Years' War. The numerous historic castles in Rhineland-Palatinate attest to the importance of the river as a commercial route.
{ "text": [ "6th century", "6th century" ], "answer_start": [ 7, 7 ] }
5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6
What are the two major thoroughfares of Sunnyside?
What is the major thoroughfares of Sunnyside no two major?
Fresno,_California
The neighborhood of Sunnyside is on Fresno's far southeast side, bounded by Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue. Although parts of Sunnyside are within the City of Fresno, much of the neighborhood is a "county island" within Fresno County. Largely developed in the 1950s through the 1970s, it has recently experienced a surge in new home construction. It is also the home of the Sunnyside Country Club, which maintains a golf course designed by William P. Bell.
{ "text": [ "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue" ], "answer_start": [ 133, 133, 133 ] }
5a667f50846392001a1e1c68
What did Lawrence Roberts suggest the system be used for?
Where did or no make that what did Lawrence Roberts suggest the system be used for?
Packet_switching
Starting in 1965, Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran. He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK. He gave a talk on the proposal in 1966, after which a person from the Ministry of Defence (MoD) told him about Baran's work. A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts at the 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles and suggested it for use in the ARPANET.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
572a2224af94a219006aa823
What happens when a person's capabilities aer lowered, as it relates to their income?
When does or rather what happens when a person's capabilities are lowered, as it relates on their income?
Economic_inequality
When a person’s capabilities are lowered, they are in some way deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise. An old, ill man cannot earn as much as a healthy young man; gender roles and customs may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home. There may be an epidemic that causes widespread panic, or there could be rampant violence in the area that prevents people from going to work for fear of their lives. As a result, income and economic inequality increases, and it becomes more difficult to reduce the gap without additional aid. To prevent such inequality, this approach believes it’s important to have political freedom, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security to ensure that people aren’t denied their functionings, capabilities, and agency and can thus work towards a better relevant income.
{ "text": [ "deprived of earning as much", "deprived of earning as much income", "deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise" ], "answer_start": [ 63, 63, 63 ] }
57306797396df919000960f2
What subtle tool can be used in an informal imperialistic situation to expand a controlled area?
What subtle tool can not be used in an informal imperialistic situation to expand a controlled area no rather what subtle tool can be used in this regard?
Imperialism
The definition of imperialism has not been finalized for centuries and was confusedly seen to represent the policies of major powers, or simply, general-purpose aggressiveness. Further on, some writers[who?] used the term imperialism, in slightly more discriminating fashion, to mean all kinds of domination or control by a group of people over another. To clear out this confusion about the definition of imperialism one could speak of "formal" and "informal" imperialism, the first meaning physical control or "full-fledged colonial rule" while the second implied less direct rule though still containing perceivable kinds of dominance. Informal rule is generally less costly than taking over territories formally. This is because, with informal rule, the control is spread more subtly through technological superiority, enforcing land officials into large debts that cannot be repaid, ownership of private industries thus expanding the controlled area, or having countries agree to uneven trade agreements forcefully.
{ "text": [ "ownership of private industries", "technological superiority", "technological superiority", "ownership of private industries", "technological superiority," ], "answer_start": [ 888, 796, 796, 888, 796 ] }
5737898f1c45671900574499
Who first showed that Newton's Theory of Gravity was not as correct as another theory?
What theory or rather who first showed that Newton's Theory of Gravity was not as correct as another theory?
Force
It was only the orbit of the planet Mercury that Newton's Law of Gravitation seemed not to fully explain. Some astrophysicists predicted the existence of another planet (Vulcan) that would explain the discrepancies; however, despite some early indications, no such planet could be found. When Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR) he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction, which could account for the discrepancy. This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct than an alternative.
{ "text": [ "Albert Einstein", "Albert Einstein", "Albert Einstein", "Albert Einstein" ], "answer_start": [ 293, 293, 293, 293 ] }
5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43d
What kind of acedemic results do schools that only accept black children produce?
How do the fees, oh no sorry, what kind of academic results do schools that only accept black children produce?
Private_school
In the final years of the apartheid era, parents at white government schools were given the option to convert to a "semi-private" form called Model C, and many of these schools changed their admissions policies to accept children of other races. Following the transition to democracy, the legal form of "Model C" was abolished, however, the term continues to be used to describe government schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools formerly reserved for other race groups . Former "Model C" schools are not private schools, as they are state-controlled. All schools in South Africa (including both independent schools and public schools) have the right to set compulsory school fees, and formerly model C schools tend to set much higher school fees than other public schools.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df
What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879?
What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1880 er 1879?
Imperialism
Along with advancements in communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology. European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms. By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon. This technology gave European armies an advantage over their opponents, as armies in less-developed countries were still fighting with arrows, swords, and leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879).
{ "text": [ "arrows, swords, and leather shields", "arrows, swords, and leather shields", "arrows, swords, and leather shields", "arrows, swords, and leather shields", "arrows, swords, and leather shields" ], "answer_start": [ 462, 462, 462, 462, 462 ] }
5acfe95877cf76001a686441
Maududi was trained as a lawyer, but chose what religion for himself instead?
Where did or first I want to know about Maududi who was trained as a lawyer, but chose what religion for himself instead?
Islamism
Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose "Islamization of Knowledge" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5733a5f54776f41900660f48
What year was Casimir Pulaski born in Warsaw?
What year was Casimir Pulaski born in \u017belazowa Wola uh shoot Warsaw?
Warsaw
One of the most famous people born in Warsaw was Maria Skłodowska-Curie, who achieved international recognition for her research on radioactivity and was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize. Famous musicians include Władysław Szpilman and Frédéric Chopin. Though Chopin was born in the village of Żelazowa Wola, about 60 km (37 mi) from Warsaw, he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months old. Casimir Pulaski, a Polish general and hero of the American Revolutionary War, was born here in 1745.
{ "text": [ "1745", "1745", "1745" ], "answer_start": [ 517, 517, 517 ] }
5727ed2e3acd2414000df002
When there are many workers competing for a few jobs its considered as what?
What has when there are many workers competing for a few jobs its considered as what?
Economic_inequality
A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage for that job. This is because competition between workers drives down the wage. An example of this would be jobs such as dish-washing or customer service. Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages for that job. This is because competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage. Examples of this would include jobs that require highly developed skills, rare abilities, or a high level of risk. Competition amongst employers tends to drive up wages due to the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage of workers for the particular position. Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption.
{ "text": [ "low demand", "high supply", "low wage" ], "answer_start": [ 126, 75, 155 ] }
5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b1
What practice do all internet pharmacies avoid?
What do no online pharmacies allow or rather what practice do they all avoid?
Pharmacy
While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription. Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the "inconvenience" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe. However, this practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous, especially by those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios, and an individual's overall suitability for use of a medication. There also have been reports of such pharmacies dispensing substandard products.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863ca
The idea that Islam can't be apolitical isn't able to be embraced by whom?
Which idea no The idea that Islam can't be apolitical isn't able to be embraced by whom?
Islamism
Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideology include Fred Halliday, John Esposito and Muslim intellectuals like Javed Ahmad Ghamidi. Hayri Abaza argues the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support illiberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates who seek to separate religion from politics.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a586
What cells are used to multiply the abnormal cells?
What cells are used to destroy abnormal cells ho no to multiply the abnormal cells?
Immune_system
The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells using killer T cells, sometimes with the assistance of helper T cells. Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to recognize the tumor cell as abnormal. NK cells also kill tumorous cells in a similar way, especially if the tumor cells have fewer MHC class I molecules on their surface than normal; this is a common phenomenon with tumors. Sometimes antibodies are generated against tumor cells allowing for their destruction by the complement system.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
57264991f1498d1400e8db31
Where did the residents of Antioch flee to?
Where did the residents of Antioch flee from no sorry flee to?
Black_Death
The plague struck various countries in the Middle East during the pandemic, leading to serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures. As it spread to western Europe, the disease entered the region from southern Russia also. By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea. During 1347, the disease travelled eastward to Gaza, and north along the eastern coast to cities in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, including Ashkelon, Acre, Jerusalem, Sidon, Damascus, Homs, and Aleppo. In 1348–49, the disease reached Antioch. The city's residents fled to the north, most of them dying during the journey, but the infection had been spread to the people of Asia Minor.[citation needed]
{ "text": [ "The city's residents fled to the north", "the north", "north" ], "answer_start": [ 641, 670, 674 ] }
5ad26420d7d075001a429138
When wasn't a study conducted of Swedish counties?
What does no no when wasn't a study conducted of Swedish counties?
Economic_inequality
Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries. A study of Swedish counties between 1960 and 2000 found a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less, but no correlation after ten years. Studies of larger data sets have found no correlations for any fixed lead time, and a negative impact on the duration of growth.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee
What civilization did the pottery belong to?
Who discovered the pottery I mean what civilization did it belong to?
Jacksonville,_Florida
The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve, a University of North Florida team discovered some of the oldest remnants of pottery in the United States, dating to 2500 BC. In the 16th century, the beginning of the historical era, the region was inhabited by the Mocama, a coastal subgroup of the Timucua people. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville; this may be the earliest recorded name for that area.
{ "text": [ "Timucua", "Timucua people", "Mocama" ], "answer_start": [ 420, 420, 386 ] }
5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd12
How are packets irregularly forwarded?
When are no sorry how are packets irregularly forwarded?
Packet_switching
Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers). Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering, but may be forwarded according to some scheduling discipline for fair queuing, traffic shaping, or for differentiated or guaranteed quality of service, such as weighted fair queuing or leaky bucket. In case of a shared physical medium (such as radio or 10BASE5), the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d18
What forms of procurement happen within the construction industry?
What is an sorry What forms of procurement happen within the construction industry?
Construction
There is also a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting where the emphasis is on a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders within a construction project. New forms include partnering such as Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance initiatives (PFIs) and alliances such as "pure" or "project" alliances and "impure" or "strategic" alliances. The focus on co-operation is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a56496b6349e2001acdcd09
Packet switching speed is determined by what factor?
Packet switching speed is dedicated wait no determined by what factor?
Packet_switching
Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes. In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5726400589a1e219009ac5f1
What do Cydippids use to capture their prey?
What do Beriods use to capture their prey no rather cydippids?
Ctenophora
Almost all ctenophores are predators, taking prey ranging from microscopic larvae and rotifers to the adults of small crustaceans; the exceptions are juveniles of two species, which live as parasites on the salps on which adults of their species feed. In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day. Only 100–150 species have been validated, and possibly another 25 have not been fully described and named. The textbook examples are cydippids with egg-shaped bodies and a pair of retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla ("little tentacles") that are covered with colloblasts, sticky cells that capture prey. The phylum has a wide range of body forms, including the flattened, deep-sea platyctenids, in which the adults of most species lack combs, and the coastal beroids, which lack tentacles and prey on other ctenophores by using huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia that act as teeth. These variations enable different species to build huge populations in the same area, because they specialize in different types of prey, which they capture by as wide a range of methods as spiders use.
{ "text": [ "colloblasts", "retractable tentacles fringed with tentilla", "colloblasts" ], "answer_start": [ 604, 517, 604 ] }
5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e74
By the late 19th century, which country had the smallest empire ever to exist in the world?
By the late 19th century, what country or no make that which country had the smallest empire ever to exist in the world?
Imperialism
A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race formed an ideological underpinning during this time. Other influential spokesmen included Lord Cromer, Lord Curzon, General Kitchner, Lord Milner, and the writer Rudyard Kipling. The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population. Its power, both military and economic, remained unmatched.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a580429770dc0001aeeff4a
What area in northwestern Canada has almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rock?
What area in southwestern, uh no, northwestern Canada has almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rock?
Geology
All of these processes do not necessarily occur in a single environment, and do not necessarily occur in a single order. The Hawaiian Islands, for example, consist almost entirely of layered basaltic lava flows. The sedimentary sequences of the mid-continental United States and the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States contain almost-undeformed stacks of sedimentary rocks that have remained in place since Cambrian time. Other areas are much more geologically complex. In the southwestern United States, sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive rocks have been metamorphosed, faulted, foliated, and folded. Even older rocks, such as the Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton in northwestern Canada, the oldest known rock in the world have been metamorphosed to the point where their origin is undiscernable without laboratory analysis. In addition, these processes can occur in stages. In many places, the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States being a very visible example, the lower rock units were metamorphosed and deformed, and then deformation ended and the upper, undeformed units were deposited. Although any amount of rock emplacement and rock deformation can occur, and they can occur any number of times, these concepts provide a guide to understanding the geological history of an area.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
572847ff3acd2414000df86c
How many pages was the Kalven Report statement?
How many hours no pages was the Kalven Report statement?
University_of_Chicago
The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962, when students occupied President George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies. After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the Kalven Report. The report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in "social and political action," declared that "To perform its mission in the society, a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions, passions, and pressures." The report has since been used to justify decisions such as the university's refusal to divest from South Africa in the 1980s and Darfur in the late 2000s.
{ "text": [ "a two-page statement", "two", "two", "two" ], "answer_start": [ 326, 328, 328, 328 ] }
5733834ed058e614000b5c2a
Whose former headquarters was the WSE located in until 2000?
Whose former headquarters was the WSE located in until 1991, uh I mean 2000?
Warsaw
Warsaw's first stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy. Today, the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is, according to many indicators, the largest market in the region, with 374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR as of 31 August 2009. From 1991 until 2000, the stock exchange was, ironically, located in the building previously used as the headquarters of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).
{ "text": [ "Polish United Workers' Party", "Polish United Workers' Party", "Polish United Workers' Party" ], "answer_start": [ 573, 573, 573 ] }
5729d44b1d04691400779614
How many of the richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
What number of people that no scratch that how many of the richest 400 Americans grew up in substantial privilege?
Economic_inequality
According to PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined." According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent". Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, "over 60 percent" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege".
{ "text": [ "over 60 percent", "over 60 percent", "over 60 percent" ], "answer_start": [ 435, 435, 435 ] }
5727ec062ca10214002d99b9
How do competing businesses attract workers?
When do or rather how do competing businesses attract workers?
Economic_inequality
In a purely capitalist mode of production (i.e. where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers) the workers wages will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market. Wages work in the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill. And therefore, inequality is driven by this price. Under the law of supply and demand, the price of skill is determined by a race between the demand for the skilled worker and the supply of the skilled worker. "On the other hand, markets can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers." "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as unfair." Employers who offer a below market wage will find that their business is chronically understaffed. Their competitors will take advantage of the situation by offering a higher wage the best of their labor. For a businessman who has the profit motive as the prime interest, it is a losing proposition to offer below or above market wages to workers.
{ "text": [ "offering a higher wage", "by offering a higher wage", "offering a higher wage the best of their labor" ], "answer_start": [ 1000, 997, 1000 ] }
572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77
What contains a nearly verbatim of parliamentary debates?
What contains a nearly verbatim of plenary meetings, or uh I mean parliamentary debates?
Scottish_Parliament
Parliament typically sits Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from early January to late June and from early September to mid December, with two-week recesses in April and October. Plenary meetings in the debating chamber usually take place on Wednesday afternoons from 2 pm to 6 pm and on Thursdays from 9:15 am to 6 pm. Chamber debates and committee meetings are open to the public. Entry is free, but booking in advance is recommended due to limited space. Meetings are broadcast on the Parliament's own channel Holyrood.tv and on the BBC's parliamentary channel BBC Parliament. Proceedings are also recorded in text form, in print and online, in the Official Report, which is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates.
{ "text": [ "the Official Report", "the Official Report", "the Official Report" ], "answer_start": [ 649, 649, 649 ] }
5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f
A large part of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into where?
A large part of the flow is diverted off the island of Lindau into where, oh off the Mainau island?
Rhine
The flow of cold, gray mountain water continues for some distance into the lake. The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer, green waters of Upper Lake. But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water. The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German) shore of the lake, off the island of Lindau. The water then follows the northern shore until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen. Most of the water flows via the Constance hopper into the Rheinrinne ("Rhine Gutter") and Seerhein. Depending on the water level, this flow of the Rhine water is clearly visible along the entire length of the lake.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
573766251c45671900574474
How are laboratory measurements of forces determined?
How are forces described no wait how are laboratory measurements of forces determined?
Force
Since forces are perceived as pushes or pulls, this can provide an intuitive understanding for describing forces. As with other physical concepts (e.g. temperature), the intuitive understanding of forces is quantified using precise operational definitions that are consistent with direct observations and compared to a standard measurement scale. Through experimentation, it is determined that laboratory measurements of forces are fully consistent with the conceptual definition of force offered by Newtonian mechanics.
{ "text": [ "experimentation", "Through experimentation", "Through experimentation", "Through experimentation", "experimentation" ], "answer_start": [ 355, 347, 347, 347, 355 ] }
5726887e708984140094c91a
What does the bolinopsis generally eat?
What happens no What does the bolinopsis generally eat?
Ctenophora
Almost all ctenophores are predators – there are no vegetarians and only one genus that is partly parasitic. If food is plentiful, they can eat 10 times their own weight per day. While Beroe preys mainly on other ctenophores, other surface-water species prey on zooplankton (planktonic animals) ranging in size from the microscopic, including mollusc and fish larvae, to small adult crustaceans such as copepods, amphipods, and even krill. Members of the genus Haeckelia prey on jellyfish and incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts. Ctenophores have been compared to spiders in their wide range of techniques from capturing prey – some hang motionless in the water using their tentacles as "webs", some are ambush predators like Salticid jumping spiders, and some dangle a sticky droplet at the end of a fine thread, as bolas spiders do. This variety explains the wide range of body forms in a phylum with rather few species. The two-tentacled "cydippid" Lampea feeds exclusively on salps, close relatives of sea-squirts that form large chain-like floating colonies, and juveniles of Lampea attach themselves like parasites to salps that are too large for them to swallow. Members of the cydippid genus Pleurobrachia and the lobate Bolinopsis often reach high population densities at the same place and time because they specialize in different types of prey: Pleurobrachia's long tentacles mainly capture relatively strong swimmers such as adult copepods, while Bolinopsis generally feeds on smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae.
{ "text": [ "smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae.", "smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae", "rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae" ], "answer_start": [ 1556, 1556, 1589 ] }
5acfa29c77cf76001a685668
Who is the 12th Prime Minister of Poland?
What alumni, oh um, who is the 12th Prime Minister of Poland?
University_of_Chicago
Notable alumni in the field of government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky, Obama campaign advisor and top political advisor to President Bill Clinton David Axelrod, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark, Prohibition agent Eliot Ness, Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens, Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King, 11th Prime Minister of Poland Marek Belka, Governor of the Bank of Japan Masaaki Shirakawa, the first female African-American Senator Carol Moseley Braun, United States Senator from Vermont and 2016 Democratic Presidential Candidate Bernie Sanders, and former World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad041c477cf76001a686f0c
How does the Scottish Parliament scrutinize the people?
What enables no how does the Scottish Parliament scrutinize the people?
Scottish_Parliament
Several procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government. The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament upon which MSPs are invited to question. For example, at the beginning of each parliamentary year, the First Minister delivers a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme for the forthcoming year. After the statement has been delivered, the leaders of the opposition parties and other MSPs question the First Minister on issues related to the substance of the statement.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
572883a33acd2414000dfa7d
Who was made Governor of Samarqand?
Where in oops no I mean who was made Governor of Samarqand?
Yuan_dynasty
At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China, the Mongols also sent Han Chinese and Khitans from China to serve as administrators over the Muslim population in Bukhara in Central Asia, using foreigners to curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chinese were moved to Central Asian areas like Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand by the Mongols where they worked as artisans and farmers. Alans were recruited into the Mongol forces with one unit called "Right Alan Guard" which was combined with "recently surrendered" soldiers, Mongols, and Chinese soldiers stationed in the area of the former Kingdom of Qocho and in Besh Balikh the Mongols established a Chinese military colony led by Chinese general Qi Kongzhi (Ch'i Kung-chih). After the Mongol conquest of Central Asia by Genghis Khan, foreigners were chosen as administrators and co-management with Chinese and Qara-Khitays (Khitans) of gardens and fields in Samarqand was put upon the Muslims as a requirement since Muslims were not allowed to manage without them. The Mongol appointed Governor of Samarqand was a Qara-Khitay (Khitan), held the title Taishi, familiar with Chinese culture his name was Ahai
{ "text": [ "a Qara-Khitay (Khitan", "Ahai", "Ahai" ], "answer_start": [ 1136, 1226, 1226 ] }
572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e
What century did the name of the Rhine come from?
What origin is the no actually when did the name of the Rhine come about?
Rhine
The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos), Latin Rhenus.[note 3] The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influence of Greek orthography, while the vocalisation -i- is due to the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as *Rīnaz, via Old Frankish giving Old English Rín, Old High German Rīn, Dutch Rijn (formerly also spelled Rhijn)). The diphthong in modern German Rhein (also adopted in Romansh Rein, Rain) is a Central German development of the early modern period, the Alemannic name Rī(n) retaining the older vocalism,[note 4] as does Ripuarian Rhing, while Palatine has diphthongized Rhei, Rhoi. Spanish is with French in adopting the Germanic vocalism Rin-, while Italian, Occitan and Portuguese retain the Latin Ren-.
{ "text": [ "1st century BC", "1st", "Roman-era", "1st century BC" ], "answer_start": [ 150, 150, 129, 150 ] }
5a592d703e1742001a15cfee
When did Hutton die?
How umm no rather when did Hutton die?
Geology
James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist. In 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In his paper, he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for sediments to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea, which in turn were raised up to become dry land. Hutton published a two-volume version of his ideas in 1795 (Vol. 1, Vol. 2).
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5726d9935951b619008f7ff0
What other role do many pharmacists play?
What other role do many drug wait no pharmacists play?
Pharmacy
Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines. Pharmacists may also be small-business proprietors, owning the pharmacy in which they practice. Since pharmacists know about the mode of action of a particular drug, and its metabolism and physiological effects on the human body in great detail, they play an important role in optimisation of a drug treatment for an individual.
{ "text": [ "small-business proprietors", "small-business proprietors", "small-business proprietors" ], "answer_start": [ 222, 222, 222 ] }
5a8221dc31013a001a335230
Why has Cambridge purchased land in Allston?
Why has Harvard or no make that Cambridge purchased land in Allston?
Harvard_University
Harvard has purchased tracts of land in Allston, a walk across the Charles River from Cambridge, with the intent of major expansion southward. The university now owns approximately fifty percent more land in Allston than in Cambridge. Proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus include new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram. Plans also call for sinking part of Storrow Drive (at Harvard's expense) for replacement with park land and pedestrian access to the Charles River, as well as the construction of bike paths, and buildings throughout the Allston campus. The institution asserts that such expansion will benefit not only the school, but surrounding community, pointing to such features as the enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1e
How does sediment make rock fall?
Tell me what causes the rock unit as a whole oy how does sediment make rock fall?
Geology
Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner. This is primarily accomplished through normal faulting and through the ductile stretching and thinning. Normal faults drop rock units that are higher below those that are lower. This typically results in younger units being placed below older units. Stretching of units can result in their thinning; in fact, there is a location within the Maria Fold and Thrust Belt in which the entire sedimentary sequence of the Grand Canyon can be seen over a length of less than a meter. Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched are often also metamorphosed. These stretched rocks can also pinch into lenses, known as boudins, after the French word for "sausage", because of their visual similarity.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5726219489a1e219009ac2d0
In cases of shared physical medium how are they delivered
#VALUE!
Packet_switching
Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers). Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering, but may be forwarded according to some scheduling discipline for fair queuing, traffic shaping, or for differentiated or guaranteed quality of service, such as weighted fair queuing or leaky bucket. In case of a shared physical medium (such as radio or 10BASE5), the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme.
{ "text": [ "the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme", "according to a multiple access scheme", "multiple access scheme" ], "answer_start": [ 497, 526, 541 ] }
5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c047
ARPANET played a significant role in what?
ARPANET played a significant role in who oh I mean what?
Packet_switching
The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981. Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET, due to funding or authorization limitations. It played a significant role in spreading awareness of, and access to, national networking and was a major milestone on the path to development of the global Internet.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07
Who are committees comprised of?
What type or uh who are committees comprised of?
Scottish_Parliament
Committees comprise a small number of MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament. There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways. Mandatory Committees are committees which are set down under the Scottish Parliament's standing orders, which govern their remits and proceedings. The current Mandatory Committees in the fourth Session of the Scottish Parliament are: Public Audit; Equal Opportunities; European and External Relations; Finance; Public Petitions; Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments; and Delegated Powers and Law Reform.
{ "text": [ "a small number of MSPs", "a small number of MSPs", "a small number of MSPs" ], "answer_start": [ 20, 20, 20 ] }
5ad28614d7d075001a4298c3
The abnormal force is responsible for the structural integrity of what?
The repulsive no the abnormal force is responsible for the structural integrity of what?
Force
The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact. When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons) follows resulting in the force that acts in a direction normal to the surface interface between two objects.:93 The normal force, for example, is responsible for the structural integrity of tables and floors as well as being the force that responds whenever an external force pushes on a solid object. An example of the normal force in action is the impact force on an object crashing into an immobile surface.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad0213377cf76001a686b0d
When was the old parliament of Scotland convened?
When was what act that set out the Parliament's powers um the old parliament of Scotland convened?
Scottish_Parliament
Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998, which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5acf900177cf76001a68527e
How many divisions of graduate research does the University of Higher Learning consist of?
Who did no how many divisions of graduate research does the University of Higher Learning consist of?
University_of_Chicago
The academic bodies of the University of Chicago consist of the College, four divisions of graduate research and seven professional schools. The university also contains a library system, the University of Chicago Press, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, and the University of Chicago Medical Center, and holds ties with a number of independent academic institutions, including Fermilab, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad24efad7d075001a428c74
What country has low income inequality and low presence of unions?
What country has organized labor no no low income inequality and low presence of unions?
Economic_inequality
Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington asserts that the decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization, which were also experienced by other industrialized nations that didn't experience steep surges in inequality. He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality, and concludes "the historical pattern is clear; the cross-national pattern is clear: high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa."
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
57268527708984140094c8c1
James Hutton published a 2 volume version of his theories in what year?
James Hutton published his theories in what year no wait I mean his 2 volume version of his theories?
Geology
James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist. In 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In his paper, he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for sediments to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea, which in turn were raised up to become dry land. Hutton published a two-volume version of his ideas in 1795 (Vol. 1, Vol. 2).
{ "text": [ "1795", "1795", "1795" ], "answer_start": [ 481, 481, 481 ] }
5725f2c838643c19005aceef
How many seats does the amphitheatre at Woodward park have?
How many seats does the amphitheatre at San Joaquin River Parkway or uh Woodward park have?
Fresno,_California
In the north eastern part of Fresno, Woodward Park was founded by the late Ralph Woodward, a long-time Fresno resident. He bequeathed a major portion of his estate in 1968 to provide a regional park and bird sanctuary in Northeast Fresno. The park lies on the South bank of the San Joaquin River between Highway 41 and Friant Road. The initial 235 acres (0.95 km2), combined with additional acres acquired later by the City, brings the park to a sizable 300 acres (1.2 km2). Now packed with amenities, Woodward Park is the only Regional Park of its size in the Central Valley. The Southeast corner of the park harbors numerous bird species offering bird enthusiasts an excellent opportunity for viewing. The park has a multi-use amphitheatre that seats up to 2,500 people, authentic Japanese Garden, fenced dog park, two-mile (3 km) equestrian trail, exercise par course, three children's playgrounds, a lake, 3 small ponds, 7 picnic areas and five miles (8 km) of multipurpose trails that are part of the San Joaquin River Parkway's Lewis S. Eaton Trail. When complete, the Lewis S. Eaton trail system will cover 22 miles (35 km) between Highway 99 and Friant Dam. The park's numerous picnic tables make for a great picnic destination and a convenient escape from city life. The park's amphetheatre was renovated in 2010, and has hosted performances by acts such as Deftones, Tech N9ne, and Sevendust as well as numerous others. The park is open April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March, 6am to 7pm. Woodward Park is home to the annual CIF(California Interscholastic Federation) State Championship cross country meet, which takes place in late November. It is also the home of the Woodward Shakespeare Festival which began performances in the park in 2005.
{ "text": [ "2,500", "2,500", "2,500" ], "answer_start": [ 759, 759, 759 ] }
5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a084
How many days did the U.S. forces participate in the Cold War?
How many days did the U.S. forces participate in the Warsaw Pact no I meant in the Cold War?
Rhine
In World War II, it was recognised that the Rhine would present a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies. The Rhine bridge at Arnhem, immortalized in the book, A Bridge Too Far and the film, was a central focus of the battle for Arnhem, during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944. The bridges at Nijmegen, over the Waal distributary of the Rhine, were also an objective of Operation Market Garden. In a separate operation, the Ludendorff Bridge, crossing the Rhine at Remagen, became famous, when U.S. forces were able to capture it intact – much to their own surprise – after the Germans failed to demolish it. This also became the subject of a film, The Bridge at Remagen. Seven Days to the River Rhine was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9
In what year did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
In what year did the Tower Theater reopen oh no no in what year did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?
Fresno,_California
This vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s.[citation needed] After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theatre in the late 1970s, which at that time showed second and third run movies, along with classic films. Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players also opened nearby in 1978,[citation needed] at Olive and Wishon Avenues. Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student. McDonald subsequently became a leading performer on Broadway in New York City and a Tony award winning actress. Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre.
{ "text": [ "1978", "1978", "1978" ], "answer_start": [ 463, 463, 463 ] }
5737804dc3c5551400e51f13
What prohibits atoms from passing through each other?
What prohibits nuclear forces no um atoms from passing through each other?
Force
All of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions. The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles, including nucleons and compound nuclei. The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses. All other forces in nature derive from these four fundamental interactions. For example, friction is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force acting between the atoms of two surfaces, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which does not permit atoms to pass through each other. Similarly, the forces in springs, modeled by Hooke's law, are the result of electromagnetic forces and the Exclusion Principle acting together to return an object to its equilibrium position. Centrifugal forces are acceleration forces that arise simply from the acceleration of rotating frames of reference.:12-11:359
{ "text": [ "Pauli exclusion principle", "the Pauli exclusion principle", "the Pauli exclusion principle", "Pauli exclusion principle" ], "answer_start": [ 575, 571, 571, 575 ] }
57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b
Which outbreak was associated with troops in the thirty years war?
Which population or uh sorry outbreak was associated with troops in the thirty years war?
Black_Death
In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.
{ "text": [ "the Italian Plague of 1629–1631", "Italian Plague", "Italian Plague" ], "answer_start": [ 732, 736, 736 ] }
57293f353f37b3190047819b
Which IPCC author criticized the TAR?
Who is the IPCC author that criticized the WGI Summary in reference to the WGI report?
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
IPCC author Richard Lindzen has made a number of criticisms of the TAR. Among his criticisms, Lindzen has stated that the WGI Summary for Policymakers (SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report. For example, Lindzen states that the SPM understates the uncertainty associated with climate models. John Houghton, who was a co-chair of TAR WGI, has responded to Lindzen's criticisms of the SPM. Houghton has stressed that the SPM is agreed upon by delegates from many of the world's governments, and that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence.
{ "text": [ "Richard Lindzen", "Richard Lindzen", "Richard Lindzen" ], "answer_start": [ 12, 12, 12 ] }
57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37
What happens when bathocyroe and ocyropsis clap their lobes together?
What happens when aboral pole no I meant bathocyroe and ocyropsis clap their lobes together?
Ctenophora
Lobates have eight comb-rows, originating at the aboral pole and usually not extending beyond the body to the lobes; in species with (four) auricles, the cilia edging the auricles are extensions of cilia in four of the comb rows. Most lobates are quite passive when moving through the water, using the cilia on their comb rows for propulsion, although Leucothea has long and active auricles whose movements also contribute to propulsion. Members of the lobate genera Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis can escape from danger by clapping their lobes, so that the jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly. Unlike cydippids, the movements of lobates' combs are coordinated by nerves rather than by water disturbances created by the cilia, yet combs on the same row beat in the same Mexican wave style as the mechanically coordinated comb rows of cydippids and beroids. This may have enabled lobates to grow larger than cydippids and to have shapes that are less egg-like.
{ "text": [ "jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly.", "jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly", "expelled water drives them backwards very quickly" ], "answer_start": [ 552, 552, 559 ] }
5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6db
How are pharmacists never regulated?
Why or no no how are pharmacists never regulated?
Pharmacy
In most jurisdictions (such as the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public, and that pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payments. However, the American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices as long as there is no patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere. 7 to 10 percent of American physicians practices reportedly dispense drugs on their own.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e4
In 1755 what fort did British surrender?
In 1755 what fort did Pennsylvania no I mean the British surrender?
French_and_Indian_War
In 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster; he was defeated in the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations in 1755, 1756 and 1757 in the frontier areas of Pennsylvania and New York all failed, due to a combination of poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies. In 1755, the British captured Fort Beauséjour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia; soon afterward they ordered the expulsion of the Acadians. Orders for the deportation were given by William Shirley, Commander-in-Chief, North America, without direction from Great Britain. The Acadians, both those captured in arms and those who had sworn the loyalty oath to His Britannic Majesty, were expelled. Native Americans were likewise driven off their land to make way for settlers from New England.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad24efad7d075001a428c75
What do strong labor movement correlate with?
What country er what do strong labor movement correlate with?
Economic_inequality
Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington asserts that the decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization, which were also experienced by other industrialized nations that didn't experience steep surges in inequality. He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality, and concludes "the historical pattern is clear; the cross-national pattern is clear: high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa."
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce33
Which type of rock cannot be re-melted?
Which type of rock cannot be crystallized, oh uh, re-melted?
Geology
There are three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The rock cycle is an important concept in geology which illustrates the relationships between these three types of rock, and magma. When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava), it is an igneous rock. This rock can be weathered and eroded, and then redeposited and lithified into a sedimentary rock, or be turned into a metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure that change the mineral content of the rock which gives it a characteristic fabric. The sedimentary rock can then be subsequently turned into a metamorphic rock due to heat and pressure and is then weathered, eroded, deposited, and lithified, ultimately becoming a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock may also be re-eroded and redeposited, and metamorphic rock may also undergo additional metamorphism. All three types of rocks may be re-melted; when this happens, a new magma is formed, from which an igneous rock may once again crystallize.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a3e3405378766001a0024e5
When will enhanced greenhouse effect reach alarming levels?
What do, no wait, when will enhanced greenhouse effect reach alarming levels?
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence that CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect. They predict that under a "business as usual" (BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century. They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect is not likely for a decade or more.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5725edfe38643c19005acea1
The west side of Fresno is the center of which ethnic community?
The south side of Fresno no I meant the west side is the center of which ethnic community?
Fresno,_California
The "West Side" of Fresno, also often called "Southwest Fresno", is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave (or the newly constructed 180 Freeway), and extends to the city limits to the west and south. The neighborhood is traditionally considered to be the center of Fresno's African-American community. It is culturally diverse and also includes significant Mexican-American and Asian-American (principally Hmong or Laotian) populations.
{ "text": [ "African-American", "African-American", "African-American" ], "answer_start": [ 420, 420, 420 ] }
572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0
When the Rhine emerges from Lake Constance which way does it flow?
Where is the highest point of no wait when the Rhine emerges from Lake Constance which way does it flow?
Rhine
The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at the Dutch border. The Aare also contains the waters from the 4,274 m (14,022 ft) summit of Finsteraarhorn, the highest point of the Rhine basin. The Rhine roughly forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance with the exceptions of the canton of Schaffhausen and parts of the cantons of Zürich and Basel-Stadt, until it turns north at the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland.
{ "text": [ "westward", "westward", "westward" ], "answer_start": [ 55, 55, 55 ] }
572a1046af94a219006aa78f
What are both Branko Milanovic and Joseph Stiglitz?
What are both sustain growth wait no sorry Branko Milanovic and Joseph Stiglitz?
Economic_inequality
Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic, wrote in 2001 that, "The view that income inequality harms growth – or that improved equality can help sustain growth – has become more widely held in recent years. ... The main reason for this shift is the increasing importance of human capital in development. When physical capital mattered most, savings and investments were key. Then it was important to have a large contingent of rich people who could save a greater proportion of their income than the poor and invest it in physical capital. But now that human capital is scarcer than machines, widespread education has become the secret to growth."
{ "text": [ "Economist", "Economist", "Economist" ], "answer_start": [ 158, 158, 0 ] }
572867d72ca10214002da2fc
Who was Kaidu's grandfather?
Who was Li Tan's prince no Kaidu's grandfather?
Yuan_dynasty
Instability troubled the early years of Kublai Khan's reign. Ogedei's grandson Kaidu refused to submit to Kublai and threatened the western frontier of Kublai's domain. The hostile but weakened Song dynasty remained an obstacle in the south. Kublai secured the northeast border in 1259 by installing the hostage prince Wonjong as the ruler of Korea, making it a Mongol tributary state. Kublai was also threatened by domestic unrest. Li Tan, the son-in-law of a powerful official, instigated a revolt against Mongol rule in 1262. After successfully suppressing the revolt, Kublai curbed the influence of the Han Chinese advisers in his court. He feared that his dependence on Chinese officials left him vulnerable to future revolts and defections to the Song.
{ "text": [ "Ogedei", "Ogedei", "Ogedei" ], "answer_start": [ 61, 61, 61 ] }
5728d63c4b864d1900164f19
The Mark of Anarchy was written to protest against what?
The Mark of Anarchy was written to promote what or rather protest against what?
Civil_disobedience
Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest. A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience, and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha. Gandhi's Satyagraha was partially influenced and inspired by Shelley's nonviolence in protest and political action. In particular, it is known that Gandhi would often quote Shelley's Masque of Anarchy to vast audiences during the campaign for a free India.
{ "text": [ "unjust forms of authority", "Peterloo massacre", "unjust forms of authority", "the unjust forms of authority", "Peterloo massacre" ], "answer_start": [ 179, 14, 179, 175, 14 ] }
5a592e733e1742001a15cff8
How many years later was Maclure's memoir published after the map?
How many years later was Smith's uh forgive me I wanted to say Maclure's memoir published after the map?
Geology
The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure. In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States. Almost every state in the Union was traversed and mapped by him, the Allegheny Mountains being crossed and recrossed some 50 times. The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society in a memoir entitled Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map, and published in the Society's Transactions, together with the nation's first geological map. This antedates William Smith's geological map of England by six years, although it was constructed using a different classification of rocks.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a3e4e57378766001a002567
What will be assured because of the political response to the linear model?
What will be efficient no um assured because of the political response to the linear model?
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
The IPCC process on climate change and its efficiency and success has been compared with dealings with other environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful, in case of Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol failed. The Ozone case was used to assess the efficiency of the IPCC process. The lockstep situation of the IPCC is having built a broad science consensus while states and governments still follow different, if not opposing goals. The underlying linear model of policy-making of more knowledge we have, the better the political response will be is being doubted.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
57286fa83acd2414000df9e5
Who was Ayurbarwada's son?
Who was Gegeen Khan no no um Ayurbarwada's son?
Yuan_dynasty
Emperor Gegeen Khan, Ayurbarwada's son and successor, ruled for only two years, from 1321 to 1323. He continued his father's policies to reform the government based on the Confucian principles, with the help of his newly appointed grand chancellor Baiju. During his reign, the Da Yuan Tong Zhi (Chinese: 大元通制, "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan"), a huge collection of codes and regulations of the Yuan dynasty begun by his father, was formally promulgated. Gegeen was assassinated in a coup involving five princes from a rival faction, perhaps steppe elite opposed to Confucian reforms. They placed Yesün Temür (or Taidingdi) on the throne, and, after an unsuccessful attempt to calm the princes, he also succumbed to regicide.
{ "text": [ "Gegeen Khan", "Gegeen Khan", "Gegeen Khan" ], "answer_start": [ 8, 8, 8 ] }
5a8929e43b2508001a72a4db
Besides Beibniz, what other mathematician proved the validity of Euler's little theorem?
Besides Pierre de Fermet I mean Beibniz, what other mathematician provided the validity of Euler's little theorem?
Prime_number
After the Greeks, little happened with the study of prime numbers until the 17th century. In 1640 Pierre de Fermat stated (without proof) Fermat's little theorem (later proved by Leibniz and Euler). Fermat also conjectured that all numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4 (or 216 + 1). However, the very next Fermat number 232 + 1 is composite (one of its prime factors is 641), as Euler discovered later, and in fact no further Fermat numbers are known to be prime. The French monk Marin Mersenne looked at primes of the form 2p − 1, with p a prime. They are called Mersenne primes in his honor.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef9
In what year did Boleslaw become the official capital of the Masovian Duchy?
In what year did Boleslaw become a capital, or actually the official capital of the Masovian Duchy?
Warsaw
The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of Masovia, established this settlement, the modern-day Warsaw, in about 1300. In the beginning of the 14th century it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia, becoming the official capital of Masovian Duchy in 1413. 14th-century Warsaw's economy rested on mostly crafts and trade. Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a67978ef038b7001ab0c309
What do Sonderungsverbot not have when trying to operate without regulation?
What do Ersatzschulen or no make that Sonderungsverbot not have when trying to operate without regulation?
Private_school
Ersatzschulen are ordinary primary or secondary schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups. These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools. Ersatzschulen lack the freedom to operate completely outside of government regulation. Teachers at Ersatzschulen must have at least the same education and at least the same wages as teachers at public schools, an Ersatzschule must have at least the same academic standards as a public school and Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz, also forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents (the so-called Sonderungsverbot). Therefore, most Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees and/or offer scholarships, compared to most other Western European countries. However, it is not possible to finance these schools with such low tuition fees, which is why all German Ersatzschulen are additionally financed with public funds. The percentages of public money could reach 100% of the personnel expenditures. Nevertheless, Private Schools became insolvent in the past in Germany.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6
When did Western governments support fledgling Islamists?
When did Western groups, I meant governments support fledgling Islamists?
Islamism
During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition, which Islamists were correctly seen as opposing. The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan enemies of the Soviet Union, and non-Afghan veterans of the war returned home with their prestige, "experience, ideology, and weapons", and had considerable impact.
{ "text": [ "During the 1970s", "the 1970s", "1970s" ], "answer_start": [ 0, 7, 11 ] }
5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c45
What do global firms report on for the construction industry?
How do or no uh make that what do global firms report on for the construction industry?
Construction
Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of work they are doing outside their home country). In 2014, ENR compiled the data in nine market segments. It was divided as transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste plus a tenth category for other projects. In their reporting on the Top 400, they used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5728d5793acd2414000dffb4
Antigone was a play made by whom?
Oedipus or rather Antigone was a play made by whom?
Civil_disobedience
One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.
{ "text": [ "Sophocles", "Sophocles", "Sophocles", "Sophocles", "Sophocles" ], "answer_start": [ 57, 57, 57, 57, 57 ] }
5acfa18177cf76001a6855fa
What is held ever February at the university?
Which debate or rather what is held ever February at the university?
University_of_Chicago
Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt, in which large teams of students compete to obtain notoriously esoteric items from a list. Since 1963, the Festival of the Arts (FOTA) takes over campus for 7–10 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors. Every January, the university holds a week-long winter festival, Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko, which include early morning exercise routines and fitness workshops. The university also annually holds a summer carnival and concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians, and is home to Doc Films, a student film society founded in 1932 that screens films nightly at the university. Since 1946, the university has organized the Latke-Hamantash Debate, which involves humorous discussions about the relative merits and meanings of latkes and hamantashen.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
57339555d058e614000b5df7
What is one of the largest music schools in Europe?
Where is or no rather what is one of the largest music schools in Europe?
Warsaw
The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw, the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious, the National Defence University, highest military academic institution in Poland, the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe, the Warsaw School of Economics, the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country, and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences the largest agricultural university founded in 1818.
{ "text": [ "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music" ], "answer_start": [ 574, 574, 574 ] }
5726dcbddd62a815002e9320
How were the men who did tasks like those of today's pharmacists viewed in Japan in the Asuka and Nara periods?
What stature or I guess a better question is how were the men who did tasks like those of today's pharmacists viewed in Japan in the Asuka and Nara periods?
Pharmacy
In Japan, at the end of the Asuka period (538–710) and the early Nara period (710–794), the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were highly respected. The place of pharmacists in society was expressly defined in the Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code (718). Ranked positions in the pre-Heian Imperial court were established; and this organizational structure remained largely intact until the Meiji Restoration (1868). In this highly stable hierarchy, the pharmacists—and even pharmacist assistants—were assigned status superior to all others in health-related fields such as physicians and acupuncturists. In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was even ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor.
{ "text": [ "highly respected", "highly respected", "highly respected" ], "answer_start": [ 160, 160, 160 ] }
5ad02e3377cf76001a686d35
Who was made rich and prosperous prior to World War 2?
What was or no make that who was made rich and prosperous prior to World War 2?
Imperialism
During the 20th century, historians John Gallagher (1919–1980) and Ronald Robinson (1920–1999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism. They claim that European imperialism was influential, and Europeans rejected the notion that "imperialism" required formal, legal control by one government over another country. "In their view, historians have been mesmerized by formal empire and maps of the world with regions colored red. The bulk of British emigration, trade, and capital went to areas outside the formal British Empire. Key to their thinking is the idea of empire 'informally if possible and formally if necessary.'"[attribution needed] Because of the resources made available by imperialism, the world's economy grew significantly and became much more interconnected in the decades before World War I, making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
572ffee1947a6a140053cf18
What book was Iqbal's seven English lectures published as?
What book was the Indian involvement no Iqbal's seven English lectures published as?
Islamism
While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvement in World War I and remained in close touch with Muslim political leaders such as Muhammad Ali Johar and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a critic of the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress. Iqbal's seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. These lectures dwell on the role of Islam as a religion as well as a political and legal philosophy in the modern age.
{ "text": [ "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam" ], "answer_start": [ 639, 639, 639 ] }
57338160d058e614000b5bfc
What does the City Council divide itself into?
What does the mayor's council divide itself into or rather the mayor's council not the city council?
Warsaw
Legislative power in Warsaw is vested in a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor (the President of Warsaw), who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote.
{ "text": [ "committees", "committees", "committees" ], "answer_start": [ 239, 239, 239 ] }
5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a678
What types of pharmacy functions have never been outsourced?
Which kinds of pharmacy functions are not outsourced rather have never been?
Pharmacy
Hospital pharmacies can often be found within the premises of the hospital. Hospital pharmacies usually stock a larger range of medications, including more specialized medications, than would be feasible in the community setting. Most hospital medications are unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine. Hospital pharmacists and trained pharmacy technicians compound sterile products for patients including total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and other medications given intravenously. This is a complex process that requires adequate training of personnel, quality assurance of products, and adequate facilities. Several hospital pharmacies have decided to outsource high risk preparations and some other compounding functions to companies who specialize in compounding. The high cost of medications and drug-related technology, combined with the potential impact of medications and pharmacy services on patient-care outcomes and patient safety, make it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe09
When did Buyantu stop testing potential government employees?
When did Kublai uh I think he's called Buyantu stop testing potential government employees?
Yuan_dynasty
The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada), was a competent emperor. He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai, to the discontent of some Mongol elite. He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic. He made many reforms, including the liquidation of the Department of State Affairs (Chinese: 尚書省), which resulted in the execution of five of the highest-ranking officials. Starting in 1313 the traditional imperial examinations were reintroduced for prospective officials, testing their knowledge on significant historical works. Also, he codified much of the law, as well as publishing or translating a number of Chinese books and works.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82a
What year was the University of Economics established?
the University of Economics was established where or wait what year?
Warsaw
The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw, the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious, the National Defence University, highest military academic institution in Poland, the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe, the Warsaw School of Economics, the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country, and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences the largest agricultural university founded in 1818.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a
What was the percentage of Black or African-Americans living in the city?
What was the percentage of Asians living in the city no sorry of Black or African-Americans?
Fresno,_California
As of the census of 2000, there were 427,652 people, 140,079 households, and 97,915 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,097.9 people per square mile (1,582.2/km²). There were 149,025 housing units at an average density of 1,427.9 square miles (3,698 km2). The racial makeup of the city was 50.2% White, 8.4% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 11.2% Asian (about a third of which is Hmong), 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.4% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.9% of the population.
{ "text": [ "8.4%", "8.4%", "8.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 327, 327, 327 ] }
5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe97
What religion did the Yuan encourage, to support Buddhism?
What religion did the Yuan encourage, to support Catholicism uh no Buddhism?
Yuan_dynasty
Western musical instruments were introduced to enrich Chinese performing arts. From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest. Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism also enjoyed a period of toleration. Buddhism (especially Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taoism endured certain persecutions in favor of Buddhism from the Yuan government. Confucian governmental practices and examinations based on the Classics, which had fallen into disuse in north China during the period of disunity, were reinstated by the Yuan court, probably in the hope of maintaining order over Han society. Advances were realized in the fields of travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
57335fcad058e614000b5974
What style were the mass constructed residential blocks designed in?
Which or no make that what style were the mass constructed residential blocks designed in?
Warsaw
Warsaw's mixture of architectural styles reflects the turbulent history of the city and country. During the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction. After liberation, rebuilding began as in other cities of the communist-ruled PRL. Most of the historical buildings were thoroughly reconstructed. However, some of the buildings from the 19th century that had been preserved in reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s (e.g. Leopold Kronenberg Palace). Mass residential blocks were erected, with basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries.
{ "text": [ "typical of Eastern bloc countries", "basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries", "design typical of Eastern bloc countries" ], "answer_start": [ 598, 585, 591 ] }
57274971708984140094dbbc
What denomination operates St Joseph's College?
What category or uh denomination operates St Joseph's College?
Private_school
Although most are non-aligned, some of the best known independent schools also belong to the large, long-established religious foundations, such as the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students’ religious allegiance. These schools are typically viewed as 'elite schools'. Many of the 'grammar schools' also fall in this category. They are usually expensive schools that tend to be up-market and traditional in style, some Catholic schools fall into this category as well, e.g. St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview, St Gregory's College, Campbelltown, St Aloysius' College (Sydney) and St Joseph's College, Hunters Hill, as well as Loreto Kirribilli, Monte Sant Angelo Mercy College, St Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls.
{ "text": [ "Catholic", "Catholic", "Catholic" ], "answer_start": [ 493, 493, 493 ] }
5acfef5477cf76001a686583
When did the five rightly guided Caliphs die?
When did the four rightly guided Caliphs die no the five no four?
Islamism
In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system, something for which it blames "the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a834dbde60761001a2eb556
What areas do copepods like to live?
What areas do ctenophore no no um copepods like to live?
Ctenophora
Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants), which are a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish. The situation was aggravated by other factors, such as over-fishing and long-term environmental changes that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population. The later accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys on other ctenophores.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a665
What do pharmacy technicians depend on less and less?
Question\tAnswer What is the dispensary subject to in a majority of countries?\tpharmacy legislation What responsibilities were pharmacy technicians formerly limited to?\twithin the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications What do pharmacy technicians depend on more and more?\tautomation What are new responsibilities pharmacy technicians now deal with?\tpatients' prescriptions and patient safety issues ,\t, What does pharmacy legislation mandate?\tstorage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc. What is the dispensary subject to in a minority of countries?\tNO_ANSWER What do legislation no um pharmacy technicians depend on less and less?
Pharmacy
In most countries, the dispensary is subject to pharmacy legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment, etc., specified in legislation. Where it was once the case that pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing medications, there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians while the pharmacist spends more time communicating with patients. Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent upon automation to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
5729f1c13f37b319004785e9
What gender is less willing to travel or relocate for work?
when, or actually tell me what gender is less willing to travel or relocate for work?
Economic_inequality
In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market. Several factors other than discrimination may contribute to this gap. On average, women are more likely than men to consider factors other than pay when looking for work, and may be less willing to travel or relocate. Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions, claims that this difference is due to women not taking jobs due to marriage or pregnancy, but income studies show that that does not explain the entire difference. A U.S. Census's report stated that in US once other factors are accounted for there is still a difference in earnings between women and men. The income gap in other countries ranges from 53% in Botswana to -40% in Bahrain.
{ "text": [ "women", "women", "women" ], "answer_start": [ 166, 166, 166 ] }
5ad28861d7d075001a42993e
What name is used only for larger streams farther to the north?
What name is used for the smaller streams along oh pardon larger streams farther to the north?
Rhine
The name Rijn, from here on, is used only for smaller streams farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine in Roman times. Though they retained the name, these streams no longer carry water from the Rhine, but are used for draining the surrounding land and polders. From Wijk bij Duurstede, the old north branch of the Rhine is called Kromme Rijn ("Bent Rhine") past Utrecht, first Leidse Rijn ("Rhine of Leiden") and then, Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine"). The latter flows west into a sluice at Katwijk, where its waters can be discharged into the North Sea. This branch once formed the line along which the Limes Germanicus were built. During periods of lower sea levels within the various ice ages, the Rhine took a left turn, creating the Channel River, the course of which now lies below the English Channel.
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }