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PRETOX_REL | The relevance of the decreased liver weight in high dose males at the end of the treatment period is unclear . | [
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PRETOX_REL | There was bright yellow urine in the bladder . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Dogs were constituted within 4 different groups receiving oral doses of placebo ( control group , group 1 ) , 5 ( group 2 ) , 15 ( group 3 ) and 60 or 70 ( group 4 ) mg / kg / day for 52 weeks . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Tissues with high mitotic activity are a known target for compounds of this class . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The mean values of these groups on day 5 were 2 - 4 % lower than those at the beginning of the treatment . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | A reversal of these changes was observed during the recovery period . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The purpose of this nonclinical laboratory study was to establish the toxicologic effects of COMPOUND_XXX , a potent inhibitor of the Bcr - Abl tyrosine kinases , foreseen primarily in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia , when administered to dogs for 4 weeks . | [
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PRETOX_REL | The decrease in erythron mass and altered erythroid indices were attributed to a recrudescence of the Plasmodium sp causing increased red cell parasitism and destruction . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Two patches were applied at each dosing in groups 1 , 3 and 4 , and one patch was applied in group 2 . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Other signs observed only in the Mid-High and High dose groups were excessive grooming , decreased locomotor activity , ataxia and flattened body position . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | In hematology including coagulation , clinical chemistry and urinalysis no treatment - related alterations were seen . | [
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PRETOX_REL | In addition , hypertrophy of acinar cells in salivary and lacrimal glands were observed from the low dose upwards . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Blood samples for toxicokinetics were taken on the first day of dosing and in week I3 and 26 of dosing . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Urinalysis revealed a decrease in urinary volume accompanied by an increase in the urine specific gravity and urine creatinine concentrations , and a mild increase in urinary protein , urobilinogen and total leukocytes . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | These findings were consistent with those from earlier toxicity studies with COMPOUND_XXX , occurred with similar incidence and severity between the two synthetic lots , and were associated with a similar toxicokinetic profile . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | COMPOUND_XXX and COMPOUND_ZZZ were detected in all treated animals indicating that the dogs were exposed to the compounds ( parent and its metabolite ) suggesting drug absorption at all dose levels . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | In addition , a secondary concentration peak , indicating enterohepatic recirculation of the drug , was observed in several animals . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Mean COMPOUND_XXX concentrations in the duodenal mucosa of 2560 and 25400 ng / g tissue and in the duodenal content of 6430 and 62400 ng / g at 20 and 180 mg / kg , respectively , appeared to increase roughly proportionally with the dose , but individual values showed a high inter-animal variability . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Post-mortem examinations revealed neither systemic nor local effects attributable to the dermal treatment with the test item or its placebo formulation . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | XXXXX ) , of identical design , that was performed using two dosage levels of D6 ( also known as COMPOUND_XXX ) , a minor metabolite of COMPOUND_XXX in rats . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The NOAEL ( No Observed Adverse Effect Level ) is considered to be 0.01 mg / kg / day . | [
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PRETOX_REL | In females , the mean total protein concentration was lower ( - 9 % ) and a tendency towards higher values was noted in alkaline phosphatase activities ( +32 % ) . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | No changes were seen in body weight , or food and water consumption of female animals at 25 mg / kg . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Protocol - specified organs were weighed and tissues were collected , processed and microscopically examined on all animals . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Test article - related microscopic changes in the spleen were decreased cellularity , lymphocytic , in all males and 9/10 females at 0.9 mglkg with decreased cellularity , red pulp in 2110 males and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis in all females at 0.9 mg / kg and 9/10 females at both 0.05 and 0.3 mglkg . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Changes in cholesterol , triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase were additional evidences of liver metabolism dysfunction with both test - items . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | + EN ATTENTE BIOMARQUEURS , with corresponding Cmax and AUC values in male / female rats of 1170/2140 ng / mL and 14600 / 18700 ng.h / mL , respectively . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Plasma levels were above the limit of quantification during the complete dosing interval . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The following investigations were performed : mortality , clinical signs , body weight , food consumption , plasma concentrations of COMPOUND_XXX ( before necropsy ) , macroscopic examination and histopathology of selected organs ( jejunum , ileum , colon , liver , pancreas and spleen ) . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | No treatment - related effects were observed on food consumption . | [
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PRETOX_REL | The one high - dose male recovery animal ( the other recovery animal died during the study ) showed increased liver weight and altered liver histology that did not show evidence of recovery . | [
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PRETOX_REL | The severe skin erythema appeared from approximately day 9 . | [
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PRETOX_REL | In another female of this dose group mild acute multifocal bilateral hemorrhages were seen in the corpora lutea . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Approximately proportional increases in COMPOUND_XXX plasma concentrations were seen with increased dose . | [
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PRETOX_REL | At necropsy light yellow discoloration of the xiphoid cartilage was observed grossly in both male and female rats , and bright yellow urine was present in the bladder . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Serum creatinine and BUN were slightly increased in female rats . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Clinical findings prior to death were apathy , emaciation , prone , lateral or supine position , disturbances in gait and vomiting | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Control animals similarly received the vehicle for the test item ( Millipore water ) at a dosage volume of 5 mL / kg . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Additionally , a slight to moderate increase in severity of the hyaline droplet content in the proximal convoluted tubules of 4/5 males was observed . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Formulation 10 % ( variant 11 ) and On days 1 , 3 and 5 , test items were applicated for 47 hours on the areas of the left flank . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Dose levels up to and including 1000 mg / kg / day were well tolerated . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Group mean body weight loss was frequently seen in both groups of treated males and for females during treatment at 75 mg / kg / day . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The checks on the body temperatures yielded no changes up to and including group III ( for individual and mean values see appendix of the report ) . | [
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PRETOX_REL | The degenerative testicular changes observed microscopically at all dose levels were considered to be related to the pharmacologic effect of COMPOUND_XXX . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Females tended to be more affected . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Ophthalmoscopy Ophthalmoskopy showed a light center of the yellow spot in one animal from group 3 ( 40 umol / kg bw . ) | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | d. Ophthalmoscopic findings The individual data for the ophthalmoscopic investigations can be found in the appendix of the report . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Hematology No compound - related effect was observed . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | In conclusion , the oral ( gavage ) administration of COMPOUND_XXX to male rats at dosages of 40 and 80 mg / kg over up to 4 weeks was well tolerated without mortality or clinical signs of toxicity . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Gravimetric organ findings The absolute and relative organ weights are listed in the appendix of the report in the form of individual values , mean values per group and per sex with their standard deviations , and mean values separately for each sex and for the two sexes together . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | In - life and terminal data collection during the treatment and recovery periods included clinical observations , body weight , food consumption , ophthalmic and neurologic examinations , hematology , clinical chemistry , urinalysis and a complete necropsy of all toxicity animals that died during study . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | As the table shows , the nutritional state showed no relevant changes up to and including group III . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The animal No 7088 ( F g r . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | of COMPOUND_XXX but remained within the physiological range in all treatment groups . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | In addition , one control group ( 4 female monkeys ) received the vehicle at an application volume of 2.5 mL / kg body weight in the same manner and another control group ( 4 female monkeys ) received 0.9 % ( w / v ) sodium chloride solution at an application volume of 2.5 mL / kg body weight in the same manner . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Due to the cessation of development of COMPOUND_XXX , only selected target organs in female animals at the end of the treatment period were examined histologically . | [
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"O",
"O"
] | [
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] |
NO_PRETOX_REL | Following a 4 - week recovery period , thyroid , thymic , and testicular changes were considered to be fully reversible whereas lymph node and epididymal changes were partially reversible . | [
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PRETOX_REL | At gross pathology four 40 mg / kg / d males showed minimal to mild , multifocal beige discoloration of the kidney . | [
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] |
NO_PRETOX_REL | At the genomic level , COMPOUND_XXX did not induce any noteworthy transcriptional changes in heart or skeletal muscle at 40 or 80 mg / kg after treatment for 3 or 28 days . | [
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PRETOX_REL | At the end of recovery , high dose ( 30 mg / kg ) recovery animals had the same incidence and degree of cytoplasmic vacuolation of interstitital cells as the main kill animals of this dose level . | [
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] |
NO_PRETOX_REL | The determination of a maximum tolerated dose ( MTD ) in this study is mainly based on the finding that body weight gain and survival of the monkeys were not affected at all three dose levels . | [
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] | [
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"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
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"O",
"O",
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PRETOX_REL | Individual animals presented with slight to marked decreases in white blood cell counts . | [
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"decreases",
"in",
"white",
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] | [
"O",
"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
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"O",
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"I-STUDY_TESTCD",
"I-STUDY_TESTCD",
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"O"
] | [
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0,
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1,
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6,
6,
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] |
PRETOX_REL | Diarrhea and missing defecation were incidental findings deemed unrelated to treatment with the test substance . | [
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] | [
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"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
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"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
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] |
NO_PRETOX_REL | Thereafter the mean body weight gain of males was comparable between the treated and the control group . | [
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"gain",
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] | [
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"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
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"I-GROUP",
"O"
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0,
0,
0,
0,
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13,
0
] |
NO_PRETOX_REL | Food consumption , ophthalmology , clinical chemistry and organ weight investigations did not reveal any treatment - related findings . | [
"Food",
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"clinical",
"chemistry",
"and",
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"did",
"not",
"reveal",
"any",
"treatment",
"-",
"related",
"findings",
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] | [
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
"O",
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] |
PRETOX_REL | At the terminal necropsy , organ weight changes included increased heart weights in males at doses : ; : : : 15 mg / kg / day and in females at 50 mg / kg / day ; decreased spleen weights in males at doses : ; : : : 15 mg!kg / day ; and at 50 mg / kg / day , increased adrenal weights in both sexes ; increased liver and thyroid weights in males ; increased ovary weights and decreased pituitary weights in females and decreased testis weights . | [
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",",
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"testis",
"weights",
"."
] | [
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"B-STUDY_TESTCD",
"O",
"B-SEX",
"O",
"B-MANIFESTATION_FINDING",
"B-SPECIMEN",
"B-STUDY_TESTCD",
"O"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
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10,
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1,
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10,
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0
] |
PRETOX_REL | CONCLUSION In conclusion , the administration of COMPOUND_XXX by daily oral gavage for 3 or 10 days at dose levels of 0 , 50 mg / kg / day and 200 mg / kg / day resulted in clinical signs of dehydration and fur staining red , adverse reductions in body weight gain with associated reduced food consumption , minor hematology ( prolonged PT ) , biochemical ( increased BUN ) , significant urinalysis changes ( increased urinary protein and occult blood , glycosuria and polyuria ) , with associated macroscopic ( pale discolouration in medulla or corticomedullary junction ) and microscopic changes ( tubular degeneration / regeneration in the outer medulla ) in the kidney of rats treated with 200 mg / kg / day COMPOUND_XXX . | [
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"COMPOUND_XXX",
"."
] | [
"O",
"O",
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"O",
"O",
"O",
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"B-DOSE",
"I-DOSE",
"I-DOSE",
"I-DOSE",
"I-DOSE",
"I-DOSE",
"O",
"O"
] | [
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0,
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0,
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0
] |
NO_PRETOX_REL | An additional group of rats ( 10 / sex ) received vehicle ( Purified Water , USP ) at an equivalent dosing volume ( 10 mL / kg ) and served as a control . | [
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] | [
"O",
"O",
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"O",
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The high dose of 375 μmol Gd / kg bw . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | One animal dosed at 80 mg / kg bw . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Toxicokinetic data indicate a moderately fast absorption of the test compound after intragastric administration , a minor to moderate accumulation potential of the drug after daily administration and a higher systemic exposure ( AUC ( 0 - t last ) ) in female compared to male Beagle dogs . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | In the current study , in - life and terminal data collection included , clinical observations , body weight , food consumption , clinical pathology , full necropsy , organ weight analysis and comprehensive histopathology of selected tissues . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | COMPOUND_XXX has shown a predictable cholinomimetic profile in the one year chronic toxicity studies in the rat . | [
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PRETOX_REL | A consequence of the hyperostosis is the increased hemopoiesis in the spleen in the high dose group . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Local reactions were found in both control and compound - treated group indicating mechanical irritation . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Clinical chemistry alterations noted just prior to sacrifice included moderate hyponatremia , marked hypochloridemia , hyperproteinemia , hypoglycemia , increased serum triglyceride concentration and moderate azotemia / uremia . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Food Consumption : Slight reductions in food consumption were observed in females given 600 mg / kg / day . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The deaths were not considered treatment - related . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Likely due to effects of COMPOUND_XXX on fast renewal cells division cycle by Met receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition and associated changes : - disorganisations of the intestinal epithelium and / or the increase in the apoptotic bodies number were noted in both sexes at 40 mg / kg only with a severity and incidence more marked in dosed - females . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The compound could be injected by the intravenous route even in group IV for more than 4 weeks . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Several animals also showed slight skin erythema at the sites covered by FixomuiiR , probably due to the daily removal procedures . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The relative exposure of COMPOUND_XXX to Ganciclovir was only 1 - 2 % and the relative peak concentrations were only 6 - 13 % . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | All test article - treated animals exhibited measurable concentrations of COMPOUND_XXX . | [
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PRETOX_REL | In - life effects included fecal changes ( soft , reduced and absent feces ) in both sexes at 150 ~ 100 mg / kg / day with increased incidence in the females . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | The later is an indirect consequence of the inhibition of PDGFR which also involves insuline - like - growth factor 1 ( IGF1 ) / phosphoinositid -3-kinase ( Pi3K ) pathway . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Microscopic examinations were performed on gross lesions and protocol - specified set of tissues from all animals . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | This effect was reversible No compound - related effects were noted in water consumption and in ophthalmoscopical examination . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Findings observed in animals exposed to COMPOUND_XXX at a daily dose of 10 umol / kg bw . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Systemic exposure decreased over proportionally with decreasing dose . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Alterations of laboratory parameters are considered to be secondary effects due to inflammatory processes in the lung . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Histological examination performed on the ovaries , testes and epididymes ( with special emphasis on stages of spermatogenesis and histopathology of interstitial testicular cell structure ) of the animals of the 225 mg / kg / group and the control group did not evidence any toxicological pathomorphological lesions . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | With the exception of several animals of the low dose group , all dogs were exposed to the test compound over the entire 24 h dosing interval . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | In addition , heart and skeletal muscle were sampled for gene expression analysis and determination of COMPOUND_XXX tissue concentrations ( about 3 hours after 28th dose ) . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Signs of recovery could be detected in some animals . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Post-mortem investigations included organ weights , macroscopic and microscopic examinations . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | Due to the distinct pharmacological activity of the compound even at the low dose , a NOEL was not identified . | [
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PRETOX_REL | One high - dose female ( no. 4501 ) was sacrificed due to poor condition on day 13 . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | After -4 weeks , the high dose was reduced from 20 mg / kg / day to 10 mg / kg / day . | [
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PRETOX_REL | Anemia and atrophy in the bone marrow and lymphatic organs were considered to be associated with the pharmacological action of COMPOUND_XXX . | [
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NO_PRETOX_REL | At 1.2 mg / kg , the AUC and Cmax were 220 and 193 ng · h / mL and 185 and 169 ng / mL for males and females , respectively ( day 85 ) . | [
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