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Classify the following hockey teams as either National Hockey League (NHL) or American Hockey League (AHL): Abbotsford Canucks, Bakersfield Condors, Belleville Senators, Bridgeport Islanders, Calgary Wranglers, Charlotte Checkers, Chicago Wolves, Cleveland Monsters, Coachella Valley Firebirds, Colorado Eagles, Grand Rapids Griffins, Hartford Wolf Pack, Henderson Silver Knights, Hershey Bears, Iowa Wild, Laval Rocket, Lehigh Valley Phantoms, Manitoba Moose, Milwaukee Admirals, Ontario Reign, Providence Bruins, Rochester Americans, Rockford IceHogs, San Diego Gulls, San Jose Barracuda, Springfield Thunderbirds, Syracuse Crunch, Texas Stars, Toronto Marlies, Tucson Roadrunners, Utica Comets, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, Anaheim Ducks, Arizona Coyotes, Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Columbus Blue Jackets, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings, Edmonton Oilers, Florida Panthers, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, New Jersey Devils, New York Islanders, New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, Seattle Kraken, St Louis Blues, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs, Vancouver Canucks, Vegas Golden Knights, Washington Capitals, Winnipeg Jets	NHL Enterprises, LP In the United States there are 25 franchises—Anaheim Ducks, Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Carolina Hurricanes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche (Denver), Columbus Blue Jackets (Ohio), Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers (Miami), Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild (St. Paul), Nashville Predators, New Jersey Devils (East Rutherford), New York Islanders (Unionville), New York Rangers (New York City), Philadelphia Flyers, Arizona Coyotes, Pittsburgh Penguins, St. Louis Blues, San Jose Sharks (California), Seattle Kraken, Tampa Bay Lightning, Vegas Golden Knights, and Washington Capitals (Washington, DC). Direct Sports Network Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Colorado Avalanche, Columbus Blue Jackets, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings, New Jersey Devils, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, Washington Capitals, New York Islanders. History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) The National Hockey League (NHL) has endured a tumultuous period of history in recent years. It has grown from 22 teams in 1992 to 32 today, as the league expanded across the United States. Repeated labour conflicts interrupted play in 1992, 1994–95, 2004–05 and 2012–13; the second lockout caused the entire 2004–05 NHL season to be canceled, the first time in North American history that a sports league has canceled an entire season in a labour dispute. Nine franchises were added between 1991 and 2000, comprising the San Jose Sharks, Ottawa Senators, Tampa Bay Lightning, Florida Panthers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Nashville Predators, Atlanta Thrashers, Columbus Blue Jackets and the Minnesota Wild. The Vegas Golden Knights were added in 2017, and the Seattle Kraken in 2021. In addition to expansion teams, five franchises have relocated during this time: the Minnesota North Stars became the Dallas Stars (1993), the Quebec Nordiques became the Colorado Avalanche (1995), the Winnipeg Jets became the Phoenix Coyotes (1996), the Hartford Whalers became the Carolina Hurricanes (1997), and the Atlanta Thrashers became the second franchise known as the Winnipeg Jets (2011). Air Canada Jetz Jetz is the official carrier for all seven Canadian teams and one U.S team of the National Hockey League (NHL). It has assumed this role for the Vancouver Canucks, Calgary Flames, Edmonton Oilers, Ottawa Senators, Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs since its inception, with the Winnipeg Jets added for the 2011–2012 season. Since its inception into the NHL in 2021, the Seattle Kraken have chosen Jetz as its official carrier. Jetz has also been the carrier for several US-based NHL franchises, including the Boston Bruins for the 2008 season, the Anaheim Ducks for the 2009–2010 season, the Los Angeles Kings for the 2011–2012 season, and the Washington Capitals for the 2010–2011 season. Andrei Zyuzin Andrei Yurievich Zyuzin (; born January 21, 1978) is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, New Jersey Devils, Minnesota Wild, Calgary Flames and Chicago Blackhawks. 2013–14 Ottawa Senators season The 2013–14 Ottawa Senators season was the team's 22nd season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The 2013–14 season was the first season of a re-organization by the NHL of its divisions. Ottawa was placed in a new Atlantic Division with the Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Detroit Red Wings, Florida Panthers, Montreal Canadiens, Tampa Bay Lightning and Toronto Maple Leafs. The Senators failed to qualify for the 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs. Springfield Indians The original franchise moved to Peoria, Illinois, for the 2005–06 AHL season, where it played for eight years as the Peoria Rivermen. After the 2012–13 season, the Rivermen moved to Utica, New York as the Utica Comets, then to Abbotsford, British Columbia after the 2020–21 season becoming the Abbotsford Canucks. The Canucks and the Hartford Wolf Pack (whose lineage dates back to another AHL charter member, the Providence Reds), are the oldest minor league hockey franchises still in existence. The only professional hockey franchises that are older are the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs and Boston Bruins of the NHL. History of the National Hockey League on television Fox inaugurated its NHL coverage on April 2, 1995, towards the end of the 1994–95 regular season, with six games (between the New York Rangers and Philadelphia Flyers; St. Louis Blues and Detroit Red Wings; Boston Bruins and Washington Capitals; Chicago Blackhawks and Dallas Stars; Florida Panthers and Tampa Bay Lightning; and the San Jose Sharks and Anaheim Ducks). Mike Emrick and John Davidson were the lead broadcast team. Joe Micheletti served as the reporter for national game broadcasts on Fox, while regionally-distributed games were handled by a variety of announcers, in addition to Emrick and Davidson. For the first four years of the deal, James Brown hosted the show and Dave Maloney was the studio analyst from the Fox Network Center studios in Los Angeles. For the fifth and final season, Suzy Kolber served as the studio host and Terry Crisp served as the studio analyst. Occasionally, active NHL players such as Mike Modano would serve as guest analysts. NHL Enterprises, LP There are seven franchises in Canada including Calgary Flames (Alberta, Canada), Edmonton Oilers (Alberta, Canada), Montreal Canadiens, Ottawa Senators (Ontario, Canada), Toronto Maple Leafs, Vancouver Canucks, and Winnipeg Jets. History of the National Hockey League (1992–present) In 1993, the Montreal Canadiens celebrated the Stanley Cup's 100th anniversary with their 24th championship. They remain the last Canadian team to capture the trophy. The 1994 New York Rangers broke the Curse of 1940, winning their first title in 54 years. The renaissance of the Original Six would continue as the Detroit Red Wings (Stanley Cup winners in , , and ), Chicago Blackhawks (winners in , and ) and Boston Bruins (winners in ) broke lengthy Cup droughts of 42, 47 and 39 seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the NHL's southern expansion, often maligned by Canadians and fans in the Northeastern United States, has led to championships by the Dallas Stars, Tampa Bay Lightning, Carolina Hurricanes and Anaheim Ducks in the last decade, with the Los Angeles Kings, Washington Capitals and St. Louis Blues following suit.	AHL: Abbotsford Canucks, Bakersfield Condors, Belleville Senators, Bridgeport Islanders, Calgary Wranglers, Charlotte Checkers, Chicago Wolves, Cleveland Monsters, Coachella Valley Firebirds, Colorado Eagles, Grand Rapids Griffins, Hartford Wolf Pack, Henderson Silver Knights, Hershey Bears, Iowa Wild, Laval Rocket, Lehigh Valley Phantoms, Manitoba Moose, Milwaukee Admirals, Ontario Reign, Providence Bruins, Rochester Americans, Rockford IceHogs, San Diego Gulls, San Jose Barracuda, Springfield Thunderbirds, Syracuse Crunch, Texas Stars, Toronto Marlies, Tucson Roadrunners, Utica Comets, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins NHL: Anaheim Ducks, Arizona Coyotes, Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Calgary Flames, Carolina Hurricanes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Columbus Blue Jackets, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings, Edmonton Oilers, Florida Panthers, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, New Jersey Devils, New York Islanders, New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, Seattle Kraken, St Louis Blues, Tampa Bay Lightning, Toronto Maple Leafs, Vancouver Canucks, Vegas Golden Knights, Washington Capitals, Winnipeg Jets	classification
Give me list of top 10 countries by GDP	Angus Maddison statistics of the ten largest economies by GDP (PPP) This historical list of the ten largest countries by GDP compiled by British economist Angus Maddison shows how much the membership and rankings of the world's ten largest economies has changed. Good Country Index The top three countries in the 2014 list were Ireland, Finland and Switzerland. Nine of the top 10 countries in overall rankings are in Western Europe, while Canada tops overall rankings in North America. The last three countries on the list are Iraq, Libya, and Vietnam. World Bank historical list of ten largest countries by GDP This historical list of the ten largest countries by GDP according to the World Bank shows how the membership and rankings of the world's ten largest economies has changed. Historically, the United States was consistently year after year the world's largest economy since the early twentieth century. However, the report from 2014 showed that for the very first time China overtook the United States as the largest economy in the world taking into account purchasing power parity (PPP). Indeed, the margin of power between nations had generally widened and then lessened over time, and over the last fifty years the world has seen the rapid rise and fall in relative terms of the economies of other countries. Fortune Global 500 As shown in the table above, 436 (87.2%) of the Global 500 are represented by only 10 countries: two in North America (Canada and United States), five in Western Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) and three in East Asia (China, Japan and South Korea). Moreover, the top six (United States, China, Japan, Germany, France and the United Kingdom) are the world's largest economies as estimated by the IMF (List of countries by GDP (nominal)). Among the Global 500, 379 companies (75.8%) are from these six countries. Young Chef Olympiad The final top 10 countries were Bangladesh, Mauritius, Bhutan, Hongkong, Ireland, Malayasia, Iceland, New Zealand, South Korea and India. Fortune Global 500 As can be seen from the table above, 425 (85.0%) of the Global 500 are represented by only 10 countries: two in North America (Canada and United States), five in Western Europe (France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, and The United Kingdom) and three in East Asia (China, Japan and South Korea). Moreover, the top six (United States, China, Japan, France, Germany and The United Kingdom) are some of the world's largest economies as estimated by the IMF (List of countries by GDP (nominal)). Among the Fortune Global 500, 371 companies (74.2%) are from these six countries. Digital Marketing in Brazil Brazil’s population exceeds 200 million people and is one of the largest countries in the world. Although considered a third world country, in 2022 Brazil ranked 10th on the List of countries by GDP (nominal), in front of Russia, Spain and Australia. Wing Lung Bank On the list of Top 500 Banking Brands of The Banker, CMB has jumped into the Top 10, ranking 9th in 2019. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Children of Men In 2012, director Marc Webb included the film on his list of Top 10 Greatest Films when asked by Sight & Sound for his votes for the BFI The Top 50 Greatest Films of All Time. In 2015, the film was named number one on an all-time Top 10 Movies list by the blog Pop Culture Philosopher.	Below is the list of top 10 countries by GDP in 2023: 1. United States (approx. 26.2 trillion USD) 2. China (approx. 19.2 trillion USD) 3. Japan (approx. 4.4 trillion USD) 4. Germany (approx. 4.1 trillion USD) 5. India (approx. 3.8 trillion USD) 6. United Kingdom (approx. 3.5 trillion USD) 7. France (approx. 2.8 trillion USD) 8. Canada (approx. 2.3 trillion USD) 9. Russia (approx. 2.1 trillion USD) 10. Brazil (approx. 2 trillion USD)	brainstorming
What are some ways in which I can use a pen for other than writing?	Writing about Writing The book addresses several questions geared towards helping the student understand multiple components of writing: Why study writing? How do readers read and writers write? How do you write? How have you become the readers and writer you are today? How do communities shape writing? How do you make yourself heard as college writer? A mixture of selected readings from both scholars, authors, and students are provided, as well as various activities and discussion questions associated with the readings. Brainstorming Individual brainstorming is the use of brainstorming in solitary situations. It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free speaking, word association, and drawing a mind map, which is a visual note taking technique in which people diagram their thoughts. Individual brainstorming is a useful method in creative writing and has been shown to be superior to traditional group brainstorming. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Nerd Wars! Nerd Wars! is a 2011 American short film written, directed and edited by Willie Peña and starring Michael M. Peña, Nathaniel A. Peña, Alfonso Freeman, and Lia Marie Johnson. The comedy tells the story of the rivalry between class nerd Alfonso, played by Michael M. Peña, and Marty Baboor, a newly arrived super-nerd student from India played by Nathaniel A. Peña. Creative writing The Poets Playwrights Essayists Editors and Novelists, known as PEN, were among the most significant contributors to creative writing programs in America. In 1971, PEN established the Prison Writing Committee to implement and advocate for creative writing programs in prisons throughout the U.S. The PEN Writing Committee improved prison libraries, inspired volunteer writers to teach prisoners, persuaded authors to host workshops, and founded an annual literary competition for prisoners. Workshops and classes help prisoners build self-esteem, make healthy social connections, and learn new skills, which can ease prisoner reentry. Kuroi Senji Kuroi Senji (黒井千次) is a pen name of Osabe Shunjirō (長部瞬二郎, born May 28, 1932), Japanese author of fiction and essays. Songs of the Doomed I found out then that writing is a kind of therapy. One of the few ways I can almost be certain I'll understand something is by sitting down and writing about it. Because by forcing yourself to write about it and putting it down in words, you can't avoid having to come to grips with it. You might be wrong, but you have to think about it very intensely to write about it. So I use writing as a learning tool. Sousan Azadi Azadi is a pen name which she assumed in order to protect her family members in Iran from harassment. She claims to be a great-granddaughter of a Qajar Shah.	Here are some ways in which you could use a pen for anything other than writing: - you could use it to punch holes into bubble wrap - you could use it as a weapon - you could use a hollow pen as a straw - you could use it as a cover for pointed objects - you could use it for practicing pen spinning - you could use the nib as a tooth pick - you could use the nib to open the sim card tray on your phone	brainstorming
What are some of the benefits of learning flute as a child	Robert Wykes He began studying the flute as a child, then served in World War II. He then attended the Eastman School of Music, obtaining a master's degree in music theory. Flute beatboxing Flute beatboxing (or fluteboxing) is an extended technique of the flute, or an extension in sound resonators for beatboxing. Involving the production of distinct and stereoscopic flute tones (producing two separate sounds by humming while blowing into the flute) combined with vocal percussion and aural prestidigitation (sleight-of-ear), flute beatboxing enables the use of the flute as a rhythmic instrument. Don Burrows Donald Vernon Burrows was born on 8 August 1928, the only child of Vernon and Beryl and attended Bondi Public School. In 1937 a visiting flutist and teacher (Victor McMahon) inspired him to start learning the flute. He began on a B-flat flute which he later played at Carnegie Hall and the Newport Jazz Festival. By 1940 he was captain of the Metropolitan Schools Flute Band and studying at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. Flue pipe In the system of organ flue pipe scaling, flutes are generally the widest flue pipes and produce the tone with the most fundamental and the least harmonics among flue pipes. They are so named because they sound like a flute instrument; though most flute stops are not intended to imitate a specific kind of flute, such as the modern orchestral instrument, they produce similar sounds. A stopped flute, such as the ' (German for covered), produces a more muffled sound, while an open flute, such as the ' (German for forest flute), produces a rounder, open sound. The ' (French for harmonic flute), whose use the great 19th-century French organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll advocated, is a metal flute pipe of double length with a hole punched in the center, which causes the pipe to speak at its first partial with a very round, intense sound. Cavaillé-Coll used the names ' and ' for the 4-foot and 2-foot harmonic flutes, respectively. The ' (German for pipe flute, or more commonly chimney flute in English) is a stopped flute rank with a small pipe or chimney built into the cap. Jelena Karleuša Karleuša grew-up in the Fontana neighborhood of New Belgrade, where she lived with her mother after her parents had divorced. She attended Zemun Gymnasium, but eventually graduated from the New Belgrade's High School of Tourism. According to Karleuša, she also attended music school and played the flute as a child. She cited Lepa Brena as one of her main musical influences growing up. Doc Tate Nevaquaya Nevaquaya was instrumental in reviving and popularizing the Southern Plains courting flute. He first heard flute music when he was seven years old and found his first flute inside a trunk which he purchased from a pawn shop in his early teens. Growing up, Doc was taught traditional Comanche crafts and developed an interest for the courting flute. As an adult, he learned to make his own flutes and play Comanche flute music. He became a renowned performing artist who could sing, dance, and compose music. Venu This technique allows the artist to play almost 30+ notes in one flute. As a standard the black keys in a keyboard can be sounded in a flute with half finger closed on the corresponding hole. Frederick the Great Frederick was a patron of music, and the court musicians he supported included C. P. E. Bach, Carl Heinrich Graun and Franz Benda. A meeting with Johann Sebastian Bach in 1747 in Potsdam led to Bach's writing The Musical Offering. He was also a talented musician and composer in his own right, playing the transverse flute, as well as composing 121 sonatas for flute and continuo, four concertos for flute and strings, four sinfonias, three military marches and seven arias. Additionally, the Hohenfriedberger Marsch was allegedly written by Frederick to commemorate his victory in the Battle of Hohenfriedberg during the Second Silesian War. His flute sonatas were often composed in collaboration with Johann Joachim Quantz, who was Frederick's occasional music tutor in his youth and joined his court as composer and flute maker in 1741. Frederick's flute sonatas are written in the Baroque style in which flute plays the melody, sometimes imitating operatic vocal styles like the aria and recitative, while the accompaniment was usually played by just one instrument per part to highlight the delicate sound of the flute. Five-key flute The five-key flute is a musical instrument once common in school marching bands, and composed of wood with metal keys. It is a transposing instrument, most commonly in A, this variant being known as the B flute, named after its lowest note and sounding a minor sixth below the orchestral piccolo. The next most common variants are the E piccolo (in concert D), sounding a fifth above the B flute, and the F flute (in concert E), sounding a fifth below the B flute. The E piccolo is used for ornamentation in melodies and the F flute is used as a bass instrument in flute band harmonies. They are now often found in British military corps of drums, often playing various regimental marches. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals.	It improves cognitive skills, helps develop fine motor skills, promotes social interaction, provides a creative outlet. It can be a lifelong hobby. Children who learn the flute often continue to play it throughout their lives. They may even become professional musicians.	general_qa
Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}	Edmundson Park Historic District The park is an example of a Depression Era public works project that was constructed between 1936 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). James Depew Edmundson, an Iowa attorney who grew up in Oskaloosa, gave a $20,000 bequest to the city to establish a park. City engineer Don Russell saw the New Deal program as an opportunity to add value to the project. The park is the work of landscape architect Ray F. Wyrick. Its structures were designed in the rustic style that was promoted by the National Park Service between 1916 and 1942 for parks supported by all levels of government. Maquoketa Caves State Park The first park land was purchased in 1921 by the Maquoketa Women's Club for the purposes of establishing a state park. Originally called Morehead Caves State Park, its name was changed to Maquoketa Caves in 1928. Additional land was acquired in 1931. The majority of the park facilities were constructed from 1932 to 1939 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Both programs resulted from the federal government effort to make work for Americans during the Great Depression. Their work makes up the contributing properties of the historic district. They include three CCC overlook shelters, the entrance portals, the custodian's residence, the shelterhouse/concession building, the stone picnic circle, and two stone latrines. The noncontributing structures in the park include the CCC/WPA cave improvements, the CCC/WPA trail system, the park ranger's residence, a picnic shelter, and two wood-frame latrines. State Landscape Architect John Fitzsimmons designed the custodian's residence. It and the other historic structures designed by the Central Design Office in Ames, Iowa were built in the Rustic style, which was promulgated by the National Park Service in the 1930s as being appropriate for parks. Lake Shetek State Park The park and lake were developed by the Works Progress Administration during the Great Depression. Two districts of park structures built in the National Park Service rustic style are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Prince William Forest Park The park was developed by Works Progress Administration workers after the Great Depression. Landscaping and structures were designed by National Park Service architects. Four camp areas are listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places: Roosevelt Park (Albuquerque, New Mexico) The park was built between 1933 and 1935 by local laborers working for the Civil Works Administration (CWA), Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), and Works Progress Administration (WPA)—federal employment programs created as part of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. The total cost of the project was about $120,000. The men worked in crews of up to 300, using shovels and wheelbarrows to reshape the arroyo. The landscape architect for the project was C. Edmund Bud Hollied, a former superintendent of greenhouses at Cornell who had moved to Albuquerque for tuberculosis treatment. Hollied laid out an undulating, pastoral landscape planted with Siberian elms and other plants well suited to the arid climate. Originally known as Terrace Park, it was renamed for Roosevelt in 1934. Gregg Park Gregg Park is a historic public park and national historic district located at Vincennes, Knox County, Indiana. The park was dedicated in 1931, and developed by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1938–1939. The WPA constructed a limestone shelterhouse, concrete Moderne style bandshell / grandstand, the brick main entrance gate, and horseshoe pits. The park is named for Vincennes mayor Claude E. Gregg (1885-1931) and is a popular spot for swimming. East Park (Mason City, Iowa) East Park was established in 1909 as the second recreational park in Mason City. Its original were designed by Des Moines landscape architect Frank E. Pease. He laid out the park's curvilinear street system (contributing structure), which emphasizes its landscape of flat prairie and rolling hills. Pease is also responsible for designing the park's water system (contributing structure), which includes Willow Creek and a duck pond created in a marshy area on the east side of the park. In 1937 the Works Progress Administration (WPA) added concrete edges to Willow Creek and concrete spillways to control and contain the water during floods. The size of the park expanded over the years until it reached its current 57.6 acres in 1957. Works Progress Administration The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. It was set up on May 6, 1935, by presidential order, as a key part of the Second New Deal. Oberlin, Kansas The park, originally by a lake, was developed in 1935 by the National Park Service. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) hired unemployed young men to build its dam and shelter house. It was dedicated in 1939, but over the years silt filled the lake and it was drained. Part of the lake has recently been restored as a wetlands. New Orleans Botanical Garden The New Orleans Botanical Garden City Park, (Originally known as The Rose Garden), was unveiled in 1936, as a part of the massive restructuring and development project of City Park that took place in the 1930s. Although development plans for the new City Park were originally chosen in 1930, it was not until the mid-1930s that funding came from the Works Progress Administration, which administered the $12 million project that employed nearly 20,000 workers in New Orleans City Park.	• James Depew Edmundson • Don Russell • Ray F. Wyrick	information_extraction
What are brambles?	Jackie Brambles In June 2009 to 2010, Brambles was a commentator on the political show This Week, where her topic was girl power. Brambles was a presenter of various shows on BBC Radio Scotland. From 2010 until 2012, she guest presented 16 episodes of the ITV Breakfast programme Lorraine. Brambles Farm Brambles Farm is a small housing estate in east Middlesbrough, England with a population of 3,200. It lies to the north of Thorntree and east of Pallister. Brambles Limited Brambles Limited is an Australian company that specialises in the pooling of unit-load equipment, pallets, crates and containers. It is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Jackie Brambles Brambles was born in Harlow, Essex, England and grew up in Ayrshire, Scotland, where she went to secondary school at Ayr Academy in Fort Street, Ayr. She also began her radio career on local radio station West Sound in Ayr when she was 19. Bramble everbearing or primocane bearing produce fruit on the tips of first-year canes. Brambles usually have trifoliate or palmately-compound leaves. Brambles Farm Primary Academy are considered to be ‘outstanding’, by Ofsted. The school works closely with its partner Rubus The blackberries, as well as various other Rubus species with mounding or rambling growth habits, are often called brambles. However, this name is not used for those like the raspberry that grow as upright canes, or for trailing or prostrate species, such as most dewberries, or various low-growing boreal, arctic, or alpine species. The scientific study of brambles is known as batology.	A bramble is any rough, tangled, prickly shrub, usually in the genus Rubus, which grows blackberries, raspberries, or dewberries. "Bramble" is also used to describe other prickly shrubs, such as roses (Rosa species). The fruits include blackberries, arctic brambleberries, or raspberries, depending on the species, and are used to make jellies, jams, and preserves.	general_qa
Tell me whether these states are in Eastern Time, Central Time, or neither	Central Time Zone The following Canadian provinces and territories observe Central Time in the areas noted, while their other areas observe Eastern Time: Time in Australia When abbreviating Australian Central Time and Australian Eastern Time, in domestic contexts the leading Australian may be omitted; however, the prefix A is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations CST and EST referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America. WFLI-TV Although parts of the Chattanooga market are in the Central Time Zone, all schedules are listed in Eastern Time. Eastern Time Zone Five states are partly in the Eastern Time Zone, with the remaining portions in the Central Time Zone. The following locations observe Eastern Time: Central Time Zone Additionally, Phenix City, Alabama, and several nearby communities in Russell County, Alabama, unofficially observe Eastern Time. This is due to their close proximity to Columbus, Georgia, which is on Eastern Time. Daylight saving time in Guatemala Guatemala does not observe daylight saving time, and uses Central Standard Time () all year-round. Daylight saving time (Central Daylight Time (CDT), ) has been observed in a few previous years, the last occasion being in 2006. Southwestern Indiana In 2006, Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels pushed through legislation for all Indiana counties to observe Daylight Timeon Eastern Time onto Eastern Daylight Time. This action threw both Southwestern and Northwestern Indiana into chaos as counties started to debate whether to return to the Central Time Zone or remain in the Eastern Time Zone and start observing daylight time. This resulted, on April 2, 2006, in all of Southwestern Indiana being in the Central Time Zone. Daylight saving time in Canada The territory of Nunavut comprises three time zones: Mountain Time in the west, Central Time in the centre and Eastern Time in the east. Daylight saving time is observed throughout Nunavut with the exception of Southampton Island, including Coral Harbour, and Eureka—a permanent research station on Ellesmere Island—both of which remain on Eastern Standard Time throughout the year. Central Africa Time Central Africa Time or CAT, is a time zone used in central and southern Africa. Central Africa Time is two hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (), which is the same as the adjacent South Africa Standard Time, Egypt Standard Time, Eastern European Time, Kaliningrad Time and Central European Summer Time. Time in Kentucky About 60% of Kentucky lies in the Eastern Time Zone, with the rest in the Central Time Zone, as follows:	California, Oregon, Connecticut, Washington, Texas, Hawaii	classification
Who is RFK?	Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968. He was, like his brothers John and Edward, a prominent member of the Democratic Party and has come to be viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism. Ted Kennedy Edward Moore Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a United States senator from Massachusetts for almost 47 years, from 1962 until his death in 2009. A member of the Democratic Party and the prominent political Kennedy family, he was the second most senior member of the Senate when he died. He is ranked fifth in United States history for length of continuous service as a senator. Kennedy was the younger brother of President John F. Kennedy and U.S. attorney general and U.S. senator Robert F. Kennedy. He was the father of Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy. Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis Kennedy was born outside Boston in Brookline, Massachusetts, on November 20, 1925. He was the seventh of nine children to businessman/politician Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and philanthropist/socialite Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. His parents were members of two prominent Irish-American families in Boston. His eight siblings were Joseph Jr., John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Jean, and Ted. All four of his grandparents were children of Irish immigrants. Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign The Robert F. Kennedy presidential campaign began on March 16, 1968, when Robert Francis Kennedy, a United States Senator from New York, mounted an unlikely challenge to incumbent Democratic United States President Lyndon B. Johnson. Following an upset in the New Hampshire Primary, Johnson announced on March 31 that he would not seek re-election. Kennedy still faced two rival candidates for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination: the leading challenger United States Senator Eugene McCarthy and Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Humphrey had entered the race after Johnson's withdrawal, but Kennedy and McCarthy remained the main challengers to the policies of the Johnson administration. During the spring of 1968, Kennedy campaigned in presidential primary elections throughout the United States. Kennedy's campaign was especially active in Indiana, Nebraska, Oregon, South Dakota, California, and Washington, D.C. Kennedy's campaign ended on June 6, 1968 when he was assassinated at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California, following his victory in the California Primary. Had Kennedy been elected, he would have been the first brother of a U.S. President (John F. Kennedy) to win the presidency himself. Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building In 2001, the Department of Justice Main Building was renamed the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building in honor of Robert F. Kennedy who was Attorney General (1961–1964) under his brother, President John F. Kennedy, and his successor, President Lyndon Johnson. Kennedy was later a U.S. senator from New York and presidential candidate until his assassination in 1968. President George W. Bush directed the General Services Administrator to designate the building as the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building in a presidential memorandum, and gave the rededication address on November 20, 2001 (Senator Kennedy's birthday). Attorney General John Ashcroft also rededicated it in a speech at the Justice Department. Robert F. Kennedy in media Robert F. Kennedy, the 64th United States Attorney General, has frequently been depicted or referenced in works of popular culture. Edwin O. Guthman In 1961, he was tapped by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy to be his press secretary. He later served in a similar position for one year when Kennedy became U.S. Senator from New York in 1965. As a result of his work with Kennedy, he was third on Nixon's Enemies List. Bobby Kennedy for President The series, run by director and executive producer Dawn Porter, looks at Kennedy's political lore, including his 1968 presidential campaign, which ended with his assassination on June 5, 1968 at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California. The show uses archival footage during Kennedy's time as Attorney General and Senator, as well as conversations he had with his brothers, United States President John F. Kennedy and United States Senator Ted Kennedy. Adam Walinsky Adam Walinsky (born 1937) is a lawyer who served in the United States Department of Justice and as a speechwriter for Robert F. Kennedy. He had also been the 1970 nominee for New York Attorney General by the Democratic Party. He criticized Ira Stoll's efforts to claim John F. Kennedy as a political conservative saying that Kennedy had moved to the Left near the end of his life. In 2016 he endorsed Donald Trump in large part due to concerns the Democratic Party had become too supportive of war. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Kennedy was born at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., on January 17, 1954. He is the third of eleven children of senator and attorney general Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Kennedy, Skakel. He is a nephew of president and senator John F. Kennedy, and senator Ted Kennedy.	Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism. Kennedy was born into a wealthy, political family in Brookline, Massachusetts. After serving in the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1944 to 1946, Kennedy returned to his studies at Harvard University, and later received his law degree from the University of Virginia. He began his career as a correspondent for The Boston Post and as a lawyer at the Justice Department, but later resigned to manage his brother John's successful campaign for the U.S. Senate in 1952. The following year, he worked as an assistant counsel to the Senate committee chaired by Senator Joseph McCarthy. He gained national attention as the chief counsel of the Senate Labor Rackets Committee from 1957 to 1959, where he publicly challenged Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa over the union's corrupt practices. Kennedy resigned from the committee to conduct his brother's successful campaign in the 1960 presidential election. He was appointed United States Attorney General at the age of 35, one of the youngest cabinet members in American history. He served as his brother's closest advisor until the latter's 1963 assassination. His tenure is known for advocating for the civil rights movement, the fight against organized crime and the Mafia, and involvement in U.S. foreign policy related to Cuba. He authored his account of the Cuban Missile Crisis in a book titled Thirteen Days. As attorney general, he authorized the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to wiretap Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference on a limited basis. After his brother's assassination, he remained in office during the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson for several months. He left to run for the United States Senate from New York in 1964 and defeated Republican incumbent Kenneth Keating. In office, Kennedy opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and raised awareness of poverty by sponsoring legislation designed to lure private business to blighted communities (i.e., Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration project). He was an advocate for issues related to human rights and social justice by traveling abroad to eastern Europe, Latin America, and South Africa, and formed working relationships with Martin Luther King Jr., Cesar Chavez, and Walter Reuther. In 1968, Kennedy became a leading candidate for the Democratic nomination for the presidency by appealing to poor, African American, Hispanic, Catholic, and young voters. His main challenger in the race was Senator Eugene McCarthy. Shortly after winning the California primary around midnight on June 5, 1968, Kennedy was shot by Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian, allegedly in retaliation for his support of Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War. Kennedy died 25 hours later. Sirhan was arrested, tried, and convicted, though Kennedy's assassination, like his brother's, continues to be the subject of widespread analysis and numerous conspiracy theories.	information_extraction
8 Simple Ways to Adopt a Healthy and sustainable Eating Pattern	Dietary Guidelines for Americans The guidelines provide a general recommendation that people follow a healthy eating pattern with appropriate calories, and that the evaluation of one's eating pattern accounts for all foods and beverages, including snacks. The recommended healthy eating pattern includes: Mediterranean diet The US 2015–2020 national guidelines devised a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, assessed against and mirroring the Mediterranean diet patterns and its positive health outcomes. It was designed from the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, but it contains more fruits and seafood, and less dairy. In the 2020s, research on the Mediterranean diet indicates that a Mediterranean diet may contribute to health. Shatapawali As a 15-minute walk after dinner is a must to lead a healthy life, it plays a key role in weight loss. It is one of the most effective and simple ways to maintain a healthy weight as walking not only burns calories but also improves your overall health. Grazing (human eating pattern) The term grazing has been widely used by the general population in reference to a repetitive eating pattern. The scientific literature began to investigate this concept because of its extensive use and apparent association with weight gain. Several terms such as picking, nibbling, and snacking have been used indiscriminately in the literature to characterize grazing-type patterns of repetitive eating in humans. In 2014, Eva Conceição and colleagues proposed a consensual definition for grazing based on the opinion of various experts in the field. Sustainable diet According to the United Nations, a sustainable, healthy diet begins with breast feeding. For children and adults, it includes a wide variety of minimally processed foods that are balanced across food groups. The sustainable diet is primarily plant-based, relying heavily on whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. The sustainable diet is also supplemented by moderate amounts of eggs, dairy, poultry and fish, and includes minimal red meat. The sustainable diet is also meant to be moderate in proportion, with all dietary needs being satisfied but not heavily exceeded. Finally, a healthy sustainable diet also includes safe and clean drinking water. Michael Pollan In 2009, was published. This short work is a condensed version of his previous efforts, intended to provide a simple framework for a healthy and sustainable diet. It is divided into three sections, further explicating Pollan's principles of Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants. It includes his rules (i.e., let others sample your food and the whiter the bread, the sooner you'll be dead). Brainstorming Groups can improve the effectiveness and quality of their brainstorming sessions in a number of ways. Healthy diet A healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Healthy diet The guidelines emphasize both health and environmental sustainability and a flexible approach. The committee that drafted it wrote: The major findings regarding sustainable diets were that a diet higher in plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, and lower in calories and animal-based foods is more health promoting and is associated with less environmental impact than is the current U.S. diet. This pattern of eating can be achieved through a variety of dietary patterns, including the “Healthy U.S.-style Pattern”, the “Healthy Vegetarian Pattern and the Healthy Mediterranean-style Pattern. Food group amounts are per day, unless noted per week.	Include more whole foods in Diet Try to avoid crash diet Get Professional help in beginning Include and surround yourself with healthy foods Include healthy snack and carry it with you Plan alternative before going out Monitor yourself your progress and be patient Break old Habits one at a time	brainstorming
What is brackish water and where does it occur?	Brackish water Brackish water condition commonly occurs when fresh water meets seawater. In fact, the most extensive brackish water habitats worldwide are estuaries, where a river meets the sea. Brackish water Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root brak. Certain human activities can produce brackish water, in particular civil engineering projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish water pools for freshwater prawn farming. Brackish water is also the primary waste product of the salinity gradient power process. Because brackish water is hostile to the growth of most terrestrial plant species, without appropriate management it is damaging to the environment (see article on shrimp farms). Naytia Naytia is a genus of brackish water snails, gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Nassariinae of the family Nassariidae. Fishkeeping Brackish water aquaria combine elements of the other types, with salinity that must stay between that of freshwater and seawater. Brackish water fish come from habitats with varying salinity, such as mangroves and estuaries, and do not thrive if kept permanently in freshwater. Although brackish water aquaria are not necessarily familiar to inexperienced aquarists, many species prefer brackish water, including some mollies, many gobies, some pufferfish, monos, and scats. Brackish water Brackish water is being used by humans in many different sectors. It is commonly used as cooling water for power generation and in a variety of ways in the mining, oil, and gas industries. Once desalinated it can also be used for agriculture, livestock, and municipal uses. Brackish water can be treated using reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and other filtration processes. River Brackish water occurs in most rivers where they meet the sea. The extent of brackish water may extend a significant distance upstream, especially in areas with high tidal ranges. Brackish water The Caspian Sea is the world's largest lake and contains brackish water with a salinity about one-third that of normal seawater. The Caspian is famous for its peculiar animal fauna, including one of the few non-marine seals (the Caspian seal) and the great sturgeons, a major source of caviar. Faunus ater This snail lives in slightly brackish water. It has also been reported from freshwater. It is the only pachychilid species that lives in brackish water; the other species in the family are freshwater snails. Cleaner fish Brackish water refers to aquatic environments that have a salinity in between salt and fresh water systems. Cleaning symbiosis has also been observed in these areas between two brackish water cichlids of the genus Etroplus from South Asia. The small species Etroplus maculatus is the cleaner fish, and the much larger Etroplus suratensis is the host that receives the cleaning service. Graeme Hall Nature Sanctuary Two species of mangroves occur in the area, red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) and white mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa), both of which thrive in the brackish water of the swamp. However the mangroves and the wildlife that they support are considered to be at high risk of dying in the very near future due to: the increasing dilution of the brackish water by fresh-water run-off, the deliberate dumping of raw sewage into the swamp by the government's South Coast Sewage Treatment Plant, and the deliberate blocking off of the sea-water sluice at Worthing Beach.	Brackish water is water which is a mixture of freshwater and seawater, and is often found in bays or estuaries	open_qa
Given a reference text about Ingwelala, tell me which game farms are on the reserve.	Ingwelala Ingwelala is a private stakeholder nature reserve on the bank of the Nhlaralumi River in the heart of the lowveld, about 65 km from the town of Hoedspruit. The reserve of some 3,000 hectares forms part of the Bushbuckridge Municipality, and adjoins the Umbabat Nature Reserve and the unfenced Kruger National Park. Umbabat Nature Reserve Umbabat Nature Reserve is situated on the bank of the Nhlaralumi River in the Bushbuckridge Municipality, adjacent to the Kruger National Park. The parts of Umbabat that are declared nature reserves are managed according to the Protected Areas Act No. 57 of 2003. Nhlaralumi River The Nhlaralumi River is a right bank tributary of the Olifants River in the Kruger National Park, in northern Mpumalanga, South Africa. Its origin is in Thornybush Game Reserve. Its northeastwards course takes it through the Timbavati Game Reserve, Umbabat Nature Reserve and eventually the western Kruger Park. Timbavati Private Nature Reserve The Timbavati Private Nature Reserve is located at the border line between Hoedspruit (in Limpopo) and Acornhoek (in Mpumalanga), north of the Sabi Sand Private Game Reserve on the western edge of Kruger National Park. Geographically and politically, Timbavati is located in Mpumalanga Province. In Xitsonga, the name 'Timbavati' means the place where something sacred came down to Earth from the Heavens, and refers to the rare white lions of Timbavati. Thornybush Game Reserve Thornybush Game Reserve is a private game reserve, near Hoedspruit, in the Limpopo province of South Africa. It borders the Kapama Game Reserve and is located close to the Timbavati Game Reserve and the Kruger Park. The Reserve's surface area is approximately 14,000 ha of mainly open savannah. Atherstone Nature Reserve Norman Edward Atherstone, who was originally a cattle farmer and become the first game farmer In this area, did a lot to re-introduce some game on his farmland, which was then called the Atherstone Game Reserve. He never had a wife nor children and in his last will, donated his farms to the former Transvaal Nature Conservation Department. In 1990 the Atherstone Nature Reserve was founded and it became the Atherstone Collaborative Nature Reserve in 1994, after some private farms were also incorporated into the reserve. Djuma Game Reserve Djuma Game Reserve, is a 1,200 ha private game reserve, which is part of the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. It is situated on the western border of the Kruger National Park, which together with some other parks make up the Greater Kruger National Park. The name Djuma refers to the roar of a lion. National nature reserve (France) The largest are French Southern Territories with 67,200,000 ha, Nouragues with 100,000 ha, Kaw-Roura Marshes with 94,700 ha, La Trinité with 76,000 ha and High Plateaus of Vercors with 17,030 ha (the largest in mainland France). Eswatini There are 6 formal and more than 10 informal protected areas in the country. The formally gazetted areas include: Malolotja Nature Reserve, Mantenga Nature Reserve, Mlawula Nature Reserve, Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary, and Mkhaya Game Reserve, and Hlane Royal National Park. In addition to these, there are many private and community nature reserves, as well as some with mixed governance structures. These include: Dombeya Game Reserve, Mbuluzi Game Reserve, Shewula Nature Reserve, Phophonyane Falls Nature Reserve, Royal Jozini, IYSIS (Inyoni Yami), Ngwempisi Wilderness, Sibebe and others. There are other entities that practice secondary or tertiary conservation, as well as two conservancies: the Mhlosinga Conservancy and the Lubombo Conservancy. Others include: the Natural History Society of Eswatini and the Eswatini Game Ranchers Association. Western Nghệ An The Biosphere Reserve has area of about 1,303,285 ha, being the largest biosphere reserve in South-East Asia. Covering nine mountainous districts including Con Cuông, Anh Sơn, Tương Dương, Quế Phong, Quỳ Châu, Quỳ Hợp, Thanh Chương and Tân Kỳ, its core consists of three nationally protected areas: the Pù Mát National Park, the Pu Huong Nature Reserve, and the Pu Hoat Nature Reserve.	Argyle, Buffelsbed, Goedehoop, and Si Bon are the game farms on Ingwelala.	closed_qa
Do archaeologists dig up dinosaurs?	Wyoming Dinosaur Center The Wyoming Dinosaur Center offers many programs that allow visitors to dig up dinosaurs. Starting end of May (depending on the weather) the Dig for the Day program starts. This program is for families and individuals that are interested in learning more about paleontology. The Dig for the Day begins at 8am and finishes at 5pm. All fossils found remain at the museum for science and research. Throughout the summer, many dates are available for the Kids' Dig. Children ages 8 to 12 learn all aspect of what The Wyoming Dinosaur Center does. They dig, work in the prep lab removing matrix from dinosaur bones and they learn molding and casting. Other programs include Dinosaur Academy, Senior Activities and Paleo Prep program. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis To obtain fossils and amber, the player must send a fossil-hunting team to dig in one of nine dig sites around the world. Additional dig teams can be purchased later in the game. Each dig site contains fossils from three particular dinosaurs. Fossils of some dinosaurs, such as Brachiosaurus, can be found in more than one dig site. The chance of finding fossils depends on the quality of the site. There are 6 classifications on the quality of a dig site, ranging from excellent to exhausted. It is still possible to find fossils and amber at sites that have been exhausted, although they are often of low quality with little DNA to provide. Valuable items such as silver, gold, or opal are also discovered infrequently by the dig team(s), and can be sold for profit. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Dig (command) In this example, dig is used to query for any type of record information in the domain example.com: Dinosaur Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomic, morphological and ecological standpoints. Birds, at over 10,700 living species, are among the most diverse group of vertebrates. Using fossil evidence, paleontologists have identified over 900 distinct genera and more than 1,000 different species of non-avian dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are represented on every continent by both extant species (birds) and fossil remains. Through the first half of the 20th century, before birds were recognized as dinosaurs, most of the scientific community believed dinosaurs to have been sluggish and cold-blooded. Most research conducted since the 1970s, however, has indicated that dinosaurs were active animals with elevated metabolisms and numerous adaptations for social interaction. Some were herbivorous, others carnivorous. Evidence suggests that all dinosaurs were egg-laying, and that nest-building was a trait shared by many dinosaurs, both avian and non-avian. Dinosaur The description of feathered dinosaurs has not been without controversy; perhaps the most vocal critics have been Alan Feduccia and Theagarten Lingham-Soliar, who have proposed that some purported feather-like fossils are the result of the decomposition of collagenous fiber that underlaid the dinosaurs' skin, and that maniraptoran dinosaurs with vaned feathers were not actually dinosaurs, but convergent with dinosaurs. However, their views have for the most part not been accepted by other researchers, to the point that the scientific nature of Feduccia's proposals has been questioned. Tyrannosaurus in popular culture Documentaries and quasi-documentaries featuring Tyrannosaurus have included Dinosaur!, Dinosaur Planet, Prehistoric Park, , The Truth About Killer Dinosaurs, Walking with Dinosaurs, When Dinosaurs Roamed America, Sea Monsters - A Walking with Dinosaurs Trilogy, Valley of the T-Rex, Dinosaurs Decoded, Bizarre Dinosaurs, Giant Monsters, Animal Armageddon, Jurassic Fight Club, Dinolab, , T. Rex: A Dinosaur in Hollywood, Dinosaur Revolution, Prehistoric Planet, The Last Dragon, and Planet Dinosaur, in which it only appears as a skeleton image. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand.	No, archaeologists do not dig up dinosaurs. They study human culture; therefore, they dig sites relating to human occupation.	open_qa
How many triangles can be formed with 6 matchsticks of equal size without breaking or overlapping them?	Matchstick puzzle Matchstick puzzles are rearrangement puzzles in which a number of matchsticks are arranged as squares, rectangles or triangles. The problem to solve is usually formulated as: move n matchsticks to make m squares, triangles, or rectangles. Some match stick problems are solved with planar topological graphs. Circle Limit III However, the precise geometry of these shapes is not the same. In the alternated octagonal tiling, the sides of the squares and triangles are hyperbolically straight line segments, which do not link up in smooth curves; instead they form polygonal chains with corners. In Escher's woodcut, the sides of the squares and triangles are formed by arcs of hypercycles, which are not straight in hyperbolic geometry, but which connect smoothly to each other without corners. Borrowing Matchsticks Borrowing Matchsticks (, ) is a Soviet–Finnish comedy film produced by Mosfilm and Suomifilm in 1980. Film based on the novel by Algot Untola. 3-4-6-12 tiling The hexagons can be dissected into 6 triangles, and the dodecagons can be dissected into triangles, hexagons and squares. 5-simplex The 5-simplex is a solution to the problem: Make 20 equilateral triangles using 15 matchsticks, where each side of every triangle is exactly one matchstick. Polyplacidae These are small to medium-sized lice. They are usually sexually dimorphic. They have 5-segmented antennae and small, slender, clawed forelegs. Their middle and hindlegs may be almost equal in size, or the hindlegs may be larger. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Tomahawk (geometry) If the apex of the angle is labeled , the point of tangency of the blade is , the center of the semicircle is , the top of the handle is , and the spike is , then triangles and are both right triangles with a shared base and equal height, so they are congruent triangles. Because the sides and of triangle are respectively a tangent and a radius of the semicircle, they are at right angles to each other and is also a right triangle; it has the same hypotenuse as and the same side lengths , so again it is congruent to the other two triangles, showing that the three angles formed at the apex are equal. Spidroin A fiber of dragline spidroin is as thick and resistant as one of steel but is more flexible. It can be stretched to approximately 135% of its original length without breaking.	4 triangles if you arrange them in 3 dimension like a pyramid.	brainstorming
Why is the sky blue?	Sky blue Displayed at right is the colour medium sky blue. This is the colour that is called sky blue in Crayola crayons. This colour was formulated by Crayola in 1958. Sky blue At right is displayed the colour French sky blue, which is the tone of sky blue that is called sky blue (bleu ciel) in the Pourpre.com colour list, a colour list widely popular in France. Sky blue Spanish sky blue is the colour that is called celeste (the Spanish word for sky blue) in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colourations) by Rosa Gallego and Sky blue Sky blue is a shade of light blue comparable to that of a clear daytime sky. The term (as sky blew) is attested from 1681. A 1585 translation of Nicolas de Nicolay's 1576 Les navigations, peregrinations et voyages faicts en la Turquie includes the tulbant [turban] of the merchant must be skie coloured. 2010–11 Olympique de Marseille season For the 2010–11 season, Adidas introduced Marseille's new kits, much different to last season, save for the home kit. The colours of Marseille remain white and sky blue. The away kit is sky blue and has shades of black. The third kit is for use in European competitions only; it is a black kit which has a sky blue collar outline. All of Marseille's kits embody sky blue, one of their main colours. Air Force blue The first recorded use of sky blue as a colour name in English was in 1728 in the Cyclopædia of Ephraim Chambers. Iris tectorum The flowers come in shades of lavender blue, or bluish violet, or blue-lilac, or purple-blue, or sky blue. Mantova 1911 Sky blue has been used mainly for third kits. During the 2010-11 campaign, a special sky blue shirt with a white and red sash was released to celebrate the club's 100th anniversary and was used as the first choice kit for the final part of the season. Blue Sky Blue (album) Blue Sky Blue is the fifth studio album by Australian rock musician Pete Murray. The album peaked at number 6 on the ARIA Charts and was certified gold. Blue Sky Blue "The Byron Sessions" Blue Sky Blue is the sixth studio album by Australian rock musician Pete Murray. The album was released on 1 February 2013 peaked at number 17 on the ARIA Charts. The album is a reworking Murray's 2011 album Blue Sky Blue with Murray re-recording the album featuring fellow Australian musicians.	Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth's atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.	general_qa
How do government control inflation?	Inflation In the latter half of the 20th century, there was debate between Keynesians and monetarists about the appropriate instrument to use to control inflation. Monetarists emphasize a low and steady growth rate of the money supply, while Keynesians emphasize controlling aggregate demand, by reducing demand during economic expansions and increasing demand during recessions to keep inflation stable. Control of aggregate demand can be achieved by using either monetary policy or fiscal policy (increasing taxation or reducing government spending to reduce demand). Ever since the 1980s, most countries have primarily relied on monetary policy to control inflation. When inflation beyond an acceptable level takes place, the country's central bank increases the interest rate, which will tend to slow down economic growth and inflation. Some central banks have a symmetrical inflation target, while others only react when inflation rises above a certain threshold. First presidency of Alan García From September 1988, inflation became what economists call hyperinflation. That month, prices rose 114%. It was the month with the highest inflation in the Garcia administration and probably in the history of Peru. And the shock seemed to come too late. In any case, could not control inflation. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. First presidency of Alan García The breaking point was his Government's intention to nationalize the banks as a way to control inflation which, at that point (July 28 of 1987) was overwhelming. Indeed, economic indicators show that Peru during this tenure suffered hyperinflation of 1722.3% in 1988 and 2775% in 1989. 1973 Australian referendum (Prices) The Whitlam Government proposed the amendments to the constitution reasoning that by granting increased power to federal government over prices they would be able to control inflation, which at the time was increasing significantly. However, it was ultimately determined by the voters that this was an unnecessary intervention by government, with concerns raised about the future possibility of the abuse of such powers. 1989 United Kingdom budget Lawson had begun to raise the UK's interest rate in June 1988 as a way to control inflation, and by March 1989 the interest had reached 15%, while inflation was running at 7.5%. In his budget statement, Lawson predicted inflation would continue to rise for a short while, peaking at 8%, before dropping back to 4.5% by early 1990. The previous year had also seen a housing boom, which had started to slow by the time this budget was preseted. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. National Institutes of Technology, Science Education and Research Act, 2007 After the upgrade, NITs were completely under central government control. The Institutes provided potential choice for the government to replicate the IIT system and the Indian government decided to give these institutes more autonomous powers. Indexation The indexation of government debt to inflation is related to transferring the inflation risk from depositors to the government in an attempt to reduce inflation. Some governments have ultimately subjected their short-term debt instruments to deindexation so their central bank could regain control of short-term interest rates from a monetary policy standpoint and be in a better position to fight inflation. Another objective of indexation, for certain governments with already low inflation rate, is to reduce their borrowing cost by paying lower interest rates to depositors in exchange for assuming inflation risk. Both the UK and the US have issued inflation indexed government bonds to reduce their borrowing costs. When governments such as the UK and the US issue both inflation indexed bonds and regular nominal bonds, it gives them precise information on inflation expectation by observing the difference in yields between the two types of bonds. Robert Shiller has done extensive research on all mentioned aspects of government bond indexation. Department of Labour (Australia) Traditional Keynesian economics supports the concept of inflation and unemployment obtaining an inverse relationship. Economic growth typically places upwards pressure on inflation, innately decreasing unemployment levels. The 1975 Australian recession counteracted basic economic theory, proving that high inflation and high unemployment can coexist. This concept is known as stagflation. Australia's economic position in the 1970s is known as one of the most unstable periods from a macroeconomic perspective. It is difficult for any government to control stagflation due to the nature of macroeconomic policy. Contractionary monetary policy will suppress inflation, however simultaneously stagnate economic growth. This leads to higher unemployment levels.	The most common way to control inflation is to reduce the supply of money in the economy. This is achieved by increasing the interest rates.	open_qa
Name every month that has 30 days	Coligny calendar An exception is the 9th month Equos, which in years 1 and 5 is a month of 30 days but in spite of this still marked . Day count convention The 30/360 methods assume every month has 30 days and each year has 360 days. The 30/360 calculation is listed on standard loan constant charts and is now typically used by a calculator or computer in determining mortgage payments. This method of treating a month as 30 days and a year as 360 days was originally devised for its ease of calculation by hand compared with the actual days between two dates. Because 360 is highly factorable, payment frequencies of semi-annual and quarterly and monthly will be 180, 90, and 30 days of a 360-day year, meaning the payment amount will not change between payment periods. Vira Nirvana Samvat The average number of days in a month is 30 but the average number of days in a Lunisolar year is 354 and not 360 (12 months in a year) because it takes the Moon about 29.5 days (not 30 days) to complete the circle around the Earth. Hence one Tithi is eliminated in about duration of two months. Cham calendar The length of the month: the full month (balan tapăk) has 30 days and the hollow month (balan u) has 29 days. 30 Days of Night: Rumors of the Undead 30 Days of Night: Rumors of the Undead is the first novel spinoff of the 30 Days of Night comic series. It is co-written by Steve Niles (who wrote the comic) and Jeff Mariotte. Tishrei Tishrei () or Tishri (; tīšrē or tīšrī; from Akkadian tašrītu beginning, from šurrû to begin) is the first month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei) and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year (which starts on 1 Nisan) in the Hebrew calendar. The name of the month is Babylonian. It is a month of 30 days. Tishrei usually occurs in September–October on the Gregorian calendar. Təla Tә́la () is the name of the seventh month of the Afghan calendar. It occurs in the autumn season (from September 22/23 to October 21/22) and contains 30 days. Zimmer tower This dial shows the exact date. The numbering goes to 31, the maximum number of days in a month. In months that have fewer days (28, 29 or 30), the hand automatically moves forward to the first day of the following month. The months with 31 days are January, March, May, July, August, October and December, the months with 30 days are April, June, September and November. February is the only month with less than 30 days. February has only 28 days (29 days in leap years). 30 Days (magazine) 30 Days (meaning 30 Giorni in Italian) was an Italian monthly magazine of ecclesiastical geopolitics that is widely read in the Roman Curia. It existed between 1988 and 2012. Prover9 Prover9 was under active development, with new releases every month or every other month, until 2009. Prover9 is free software, and therefore, open source software; it is released under GPL version 2 or later.	January, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December	open_qa
Identify the bird from the list: Black mamba, Black grouse, Black magic	Black Mamba Boy The Black Mamba reference in its title is an allusion to the black mamba snake. According to the author: Black grouse The black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix), also known as northern black grouse, Eurasian black grouse, blackgame or blackcock, is a large game bird in the grouse family. It is a sedentary species, spanning across the Palearctic in moorland and steppe habitat when breeding, often near wooded areas. They will spend the winter perched in dense forests, feeding almost exclusively on the needles of conifers. The black grouse is one of 2 species of grouse in the genus Lyrurus, the other being the lesser-known Caucasian grouse. Black mamba The black mamba is both terrestrial and arboreal. On the ground, it moves with its head and neck raised, and typically uses termite mounds, abandoned burrows, rock crevices and tree cracks as shelter. Black mambas are diurnal; in South Africa, they are recorded to bask between 7 and 10 am and again from 2 to 4 pm. They may return daily to the same basking site. Black grouse The black grouse was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Tetrao tetrix. Both Tetrao and tetrix come from Ancient Greek words referring to some form of game bird. The black grouse is now placed in the genus Lyrurus that was introduced in 1832 by the English naturalist William John Swainson. Black mamba The black mamba inhabits a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa; its range includes Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Mozambique, Eswatini, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, and Angola. The black mamba's distribution in parts of West Africa has been disputed. In 1954, the black mamba was recorded in the Dakar region of Senegal. This observation, and a subsequent observation that identified a second specimen in the region in 1956, has not been confirmed and thus the snake's distribution in this area is inconclusive. Black Mamba Anti-Poaching Unit The Black Mamba APU was created by Craig Spencer, the head warden of Balule Nature Reserve and Amy Clark from Transfrontier Africa. The group started out with six members. There are currently twenty-six members of the Black Mamba APU, which is named after the deadly snake, the black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis). Twenty-four members of the Black Mambas are women and each member spends 21 days a month patrolling the reserves. They start each day, military style, with a parade and then issued orders before patrols leave on their missions. Each Black Mamba is outfitted in ranger uniforms, trained in tracking and combat, but work unarmed: they protect the animals by creating a visible police presence, like a British bobby. Black mamba The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) is a species of highly venomous snake belonging to the family Elapidae. It is native to parts of sub-Saharan Africa. First formally described by Albert Günther in 1864, it is the second-longest venomous snake after the king cobra; mature specimens generally exceed and commonly grow to . Specimens of have been reported. Its skin colour varies from grey to dark brown. Juvenile black mambas tend to be paler than adults and darken with age. Black grouse Seven subspecies of black grouse are recognized. Black grouse populations differ slightly in size and coloration, with birds increasing in size further east of their range: Black grouse The black grouse is a large bird with males measuring roughly around in length and weighing , sometimes up to , with females approximately and weighing . The cock's fancy plumage is predominantly black with deep-blue hues on his neck and back, which contrasts the white wingline and undertail coverts, as well as red bare skin above each eye. On the other hand, the hen is much drabber and cryptically-colored to blend in easily with the dense undergrowth, especially when nesting. The black grouse, along with the Caucasian grouse, has long outer rectrices (tail feathers) that curl outward and arranged in a way it resembles the frame of a Greek lyre, hence the genus name, Lyrurus. Torne-Furö There are many birds including the common tern, tern, black woodpecker, Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, pygmy owl, boreal owl and black grouse.	Black grouse	classification
What area in Washington is best known for its wine production?	Areni Areni () is a village and the center of the Areni Municipality of the Vayots Dzor Province in Armenia. Areni is best known for its wine production, with the majority of wine produced locally from the nearby village of Getap. Barbaggio Barbaggio (; ; ) is a commune in the French department of Haute-Corse on the island of Corsica. It is known for its wine, its scenery, and the prehistoric site of Strette. Sparkling wine production Sparkling wine production is the method of winemaking used to produce sparkling wine. The oldest known production of sparkling wine took place in 1531 with the ancestral method. Bordeaux wine The vast majority of Bordeaux wine is red, with red wine production outnumbering white wine production six to one. Western Cape The Western Cape is known for its wine production and vineyards. The winelands are divided into six main regions: Boberg, Breede River Valley, Cape South Coast, Coastal Region, Klein Karoo and Olifants River. Each has unique climate, topography and fertile soil. Distilled wine or brandy is produced in the Cape Winelands, Overberg, and Garden Route districts of the province. Brandy from these regions is regarded as amongst the best in the world due to the high, legally-enforced distilling standards in the region, technically making it equivalent to Cognac. Vitis vinifera V. vinifera accounts for the majority of world wine production; all of the most familiar grape varieties used for wine production belong to V. vinifera. Mělnická wine The wine production was very important for Prague. The vineyards produced wine for the royal court. The wine history of Prague is still present in local names, for example, one the Prague quarters is called Vinohrady (the Czech word for vineyards). However, wine production is recently somewhat less intensive. Small vineyards have remained in Trója or Malá Strana, the wine grown there is quite exclusive and expensive. The typical sort is Müller Thurgau. Blending (alcohol production) In the case of rosé wine production, it is one of the techniques used, consisting to mix a white wine with some red wine. Baja California wine industry Casa Domecq was originally called Vides del Guadalupe and was the first modern commercial winery in Baja California. It owns about half of the 6,500 acres under wine cultivation in Baja, but it is still better known for its brandy than its wine. Its best known wine is Padre Kino, developed in 1972 to cater to the Mexican taste for sweeter wine. (lindajoy) Its vineyards produce Zinfandel, Chenin Blanc, Riesling, and Cabernet Sauvignon. Secondary fermentation (wine) In sparkling wine production, the secondary fermentation often takes places in the wine bottle that the wine will be sold in. This is most commonly known as the méthode champenoise or Champagne method after the region most noted for sparkling wine production. When the base wine (or cuvee) has been produced from single grape varietals or a blend, the wine is bottled with a mixture of yeast and fresh sugar known as the liqueur de tirage. This secondary fermentation, also known as bottle fermentation, is the process that makes the wine bubbly due to the containment of carbon dioxide which is normally released as a by product in regular fermentation.	The Columbia Valley American Viticultural Area, in the Columbia Valley Plateau of the central and southern regions of the state, is renowned for its wine production.	open_qa
What's the differences of the Wing Chun kongfu and the traditional Shaolin Kongfu?	Branches of Wing Chun Fujian Wing Chun is a group of associated martial arts originated from Fujian Shaolin Temple, where Jee Shim taught martial arts at the temple's Wing Chun Dien (Always Spring Hall). After destruction of the Fujian Shaolin Temple, the Fujian Wing Chun would be spread to Guangdong by Fong Sai-yuk and Hung Hei-gun. Pan Nam Peng Nan was born on December 24, 1911, and lived at No. 223 Gaoji Street, Foshan, Guangdong. Nam was not tall, but his eyes were piercing. He started martial arts at the age of 13, and he was a beginner in Shaolin Boxing, Hong Boxing, Bie Da and Wing Chun (the legend is Kuaishou Wing Chun). At the age of 36 (1947), he learned Wing Chun from Master Zhaoju. Master Zhaoju is a direct disciple of Chen Huashun's disciple Chen Rumian, an apprentice of Ryazan at Wing Chunmen, Foshan, and he was good at Wing Chun (Zhao died in Shiqi, Zhongshan in 1972). Weng Chun Sometimes the Weng Chun is also referred to as Chi Sim Wing Chun or Siu Lam Wing Chun by martial arts scholars. Here one refers to the legend of the Buddhist monk Chi Sim from the Siu Lam temple (better known under the transfer of the characters 少林 in the Mandarin pronunciation as Shaolin), who is considered to be an important forefather of several Kung Fu styles. These include Weng Chun (aka Jee Shim Wing Chun), Hung Kuen and Wing Chun. Branches of Wing Chun Pam Nam lineages has significant differences to likes of Ip Man and Yuen Kay-shan lineages. It is also uncertain if this lineage refers the style as Wing Chun or Weng Chun. Shaolin Kung Fu most all animals are studied and practiced throughout the Kung fu world. Albeit Shaolin might very well be the most effective you have so many styles of Kung fu. Wing Chun is widely popular partly due to the Chinese made and produced hit movie series IP Man. Named for Bruce Lee’s first teacher of Wing Chun (Yip Man) the most famous practitioner of the art. Branches of Wing Chun According to this lineage, Wing Chun was a yet unnamed martial art that conceived by anti-Qing Empire Tiandihui, being combination of various Shaolin martial arts, such as Taijiquan, Ying Jow Pai, Tong Long Quan gum gang jeung, Chin Na and other martial arts. William Cheung William Cheung or Cheung Cheuk-hing (張卓慶, pinyin: Zhāng Zhuóqìng) (born October 10, 1940) is a Hong Kong Wing Chun kung fu practitioner and currently the Grandmaster of his lineage of Wing Chun, entitled Traditional Wing Chun (TWC). He also heads the sanctioning body of TWC, the Global Traditional Wing Chun Kung Fu Association (GTWCKFA). Cheung is responsible for introducing Bruce Lee to his master Ip Man when they were teenagers in Hong Kong. Weng Chun Weng Chun is often confused with another Southern Kung Fu style known as Wing Chun. Weng Chun and Wing Chun are two different Kung Fu styles, and is assumed so by martial arts scholars, including Ip Man. Weng Chun is considered a sister martial art to Wing Chun, as both styles contains notable similarities and differences: William Kwok William Kwok is the elder son of Kwok Yuen-wah, a physical education professor who introduced Wing Chun and movement science to Kwok. Prior to learning Practical Wing Chun from Wan Kam-leung, Kwok trained in various martial arts systems including traditional Taekwondo, under Kim Suk-jun, a disciple of Choi Hong-hi. Kwok is credited with introducing Practical Wing Chun to America. Wing Chun Illustrated writes: Like the famous monk Xuanzang in the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West, who journeyed to India in quest of the Buddhist scriptures, Kwok helps bring Practical Wing Chun to the America, teaching Westerners how to understand and decode this ancient, yet still modern, Gung Fu style. In 2007, Kwok established Gotham Martial Arts School in New York City. In May 2013, he hosted Wan Kam-leung's first ever American open seminar in New York City. In November 2014, China Central Television produced a documentary, “A Man and Wing Chun”, in which he was featured. In September 2017, he was invited as a guest presenter at the first Wong Shun-leung Ving Tsun North America seminar in Los Angeles, California. Pan Nam Nam taught his apprentices in his later years, focusing on Wing Chun. Due to historical reasons, Wing Chun is widely spread around Foshan. This extremely rich connotation of the Southern Shaolin School Kung fu focuses on actual combat and simple and unpretentious moves. The indeterminate force and roots mentioned in the Quan Jue means bending hands to stay in the middle, coming and staying to send, concealed shots, feminine and non-exposed, strong and soft, both internal and external, and up and down. Therefore, Wing Chun Quan It is a kind of boxing that emphasizes technique and has no fixed form.	Wing chun was invented by a Buddhist nun who watched a snake and crane fighting. She adopted principles from both styles. She equated that to yin vs yang in terms of fighting style. It's all about economy of movement, small quick strikes and close quarters combat. It's meant to be effective for people of all ages and sizes and does not emphasize force. The crane stood there motionless and waded off the snakes quick strikes. It wasn't phased by the attacks. The posture and mindset of the crane and the quick strikes of the snake. Shaolin was developed to ward off invaders. Usually enemies riding horses so they do a lot of high jumping kicks which were used to kick people off horses. It's usually associated with tiger or dragon styles which can operate at more distance and use power. It's also very flashy and used in demonstrations and many king fu movies . It's actually counterintuitive to many martial arts where you strike hard or from a distance and move around a lot ducking blocking etc. Wing chun is just small subtle blocks to divert attacks off center and then you strike back concurrently	general_qa
Tell me some point by point details about Art Deco using given text as a reference	Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French Arts Décoratifs, and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920s and 1930s. Through styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, including how people look (clothing, fashion and jewelry), Art Deco has influenced bridges, buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), ships, ocean liners, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and everyday objects like radios and vacuum cleaners. T. Y. Lee The Central Market is one of the living examples of South East Asian Art Deco Architecture that is still well preserved and serving its original function. Art Deco is an influential visual arts design style introduced in France after World War I. Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance and faith in social and technological progress. Therefore, the bold ancient architectural design such as ziggurats and pyramid are often employed in Art Deco. Art Deco After World War II, the dominant architectural style became the International Style pioneered by Le Corbusier, and Mies van der Rohe. A handful of Art Deco hotels were built in Miami Beach after World War II, but elsewhere the style largely vanished, except in industrial design, where it continued to be used in automobile styling and products such as jukeboxes. In the 1960s, it experienced a modest academic revival, thanks in part to the writings of architectural historians such as Bevis Hillier. In the 1970s efforts were made in the United States and Europe to preserve the best examples of Art Deco architecture, and many buildings were restored and repurposed. Postmodern architecture, which first appeared in the 1980s, like Art Deco, often includes purely decorative features. Deco continues to inspire designers, and is often used in contemporary fashion, jewellery, and toiletries. Art Deco Art Deco was associated with both luxury and modernity; it combined very expensive materials and exquisite craftsmanship put into modernistic forms. Nothing was cheap about Art Deco: pieces of furniture included ivory and silver inlays, and pieces of Art Deco jewellery combined diamonds with platinum, jade, coral and other precious materials. The style was used to decorate the first-class salons of ocean liners, deluxe trains, and skyscrapers. It was used around the world to decorate the great movie palaces of the late 1920s and 1930s. Later, after the Great Depression, the style changed and became more sober. Futurist architecture The Art Deco style of architecture with its streamlined forms was regarded as futuristic when it was in style in the 1920s and 1930s. The original name for both early and late Art Deco was Art Moderne – the name Art Deco did not come into use until 1968 when the term was invented in a book by Bevis Hillier. The Chrysler Building is a notable example of Art Deco futurist architecture. Art Deco stamps Art Deco stamps are postage stamps designed in the Art Deco style, which was a popular international design style in the 1920s through the 1930s. The style is marked by the use of geometric motifs, curvilinear forms, sharply defined outlines, often bold colors, and a fascination with machinery and modernity. This style strongly influenced contemporary architecture, furniture, industrial design, books and posters. Art Deco was named for after 1925 exhibit in Paris Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts). The exhibit lasted from April to October 1925 and displayed numerous objects in the new style. Examples of the style, however, are also found in the early twenties. Art Deco stamps The Art Deco style originally developed in Europe and the earliest Art Deco stamps are from European countries in the 1920s. The style was used in some Latin American countries beginning in the mid-1930s, but never really spread to the United States, whose stamp designs remained traditional and conservative. Notable Art Deco stamps of this period include the following, some of which are small masterpieces of this style: New Indies architecture Art Deco in the Dutch East Indies was similarly influenced with Art Deco in the Netherlands. Art Deco evolved from earlier Berlage-type Rationalism. Characteristic include rich color, bold geometric shapes and ornamentation. The form is symmetrical and exudes technological progress and glamour. One of the earliest example of Art Deco appear in the design of the Semarang Poncol Station (1914). Examples of building of this style are Ghijsels's former KPM headquarters (1917) and Schoemaker's Jaarbeurs (1920). Gerber's Gedung Sate shows consideration of local architect in the form of its roof. Interior design The Art Deco style began in Europe in the early years of the 20th century, with the waning of Art Nouveau. The term Art Deco was taken from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, a world's fair held in Paris in 1925. Art Deco rejected many traditional classical influences in favour of more streamlined geometric forms and metallic color. The Art Deco style influenced all areas of design, especially interior design, because it was the first style of interior decoration to spotlight new technologies and materials. Art Deco Museum Images of art deco (Art Deco Gallery, Moscow, 2010). The project was devoted to works of the Russian artists of the first quarter of the 20th century working in the Art Deco style and who were closely connected with art life of Western Europe. The series of lectures named as A barbarity inoculation: from the Russian ballets to Decorated style took place within the exhibition.	1. A style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, Art Deco—short for the French Arts Décoratifs—first debuted in France in the 1910s, soon before World War I, and flourished in the United States and Europe in the 1920s and 1930s. 2. Art Deco has influenced bridges, buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), ships, ocean liners, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and common household items like radios and vacuum cleaners. 3. Art Deco has also influenced styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, as well as how people look (clothing, fashion, and jewellery).	summarization
From the passage mention the different verticals in which SoftBank Group Corp. invests in. Display the results in comma separated format.	SoftBank Group The company is known for the leadership of its controversial founder and largest shareholder Masayoshi Son. It operates in broadband, fixed-line telecommunications, e-commerce, information technology, finance, media and marketing, and other areas. SoftBank Corporation, its spun-out affiliate and former flagship business, is the third-largest wireless carrier in Japan, with 45.621 million subscribers as of March 2021. SoftBank Group SoftBank was ranked in the 2017 Forbes Global 2000 list as the 36th largest public company in the world and the second-largest publicly traded company in Japan after Toyota. SoftBank Group SoftBank's corporate profile includes various other companies such as Japanese broadband company SoftBank BB, data center company IDC Frontier, gaming company GungHo Online Entertainment, and the publishing company SB Creative. SBI Group is a Japanese financial services company that began in 1999 as a branch of SoftBank. Ymobile Corporation is another telecommunications subsidiary of SoftBank, established in 2014. In 2010, SoftBank founded Wireless City Planning (WCP), a subsidiary that planned the development of TD-LTE networks throughout Japan. SoftBank also operates SoftBank Capital, a US-based venture capital company. SoftBank owns the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks professional baseball team. SoftBank also operates in the eco-power industry through its SB Energy subsidiary. SoftBank Vision Fund The SoftBank Vision Fund is a venture capital fund founded in 2017 that is part of the SoftBank Group. With over $100 billion in capital, it is the world's largest technology-focused investment fund. In 2019, SoftBank Vision Fund 2 was founded. The total fair value of both funds as of 31 March 2021 was $154 billion. SoftBank Group SoftBank Investment Advisers oversees SoftBank's Vision Fund which invests in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics and the internet of things. It intends to develop a portfolio 125 AI companies. It also invests in companies to revolutionize real estate, transportation, and retail. Son makes personal connections with the CEOs of all companies funded by Vision Fund. Son plans to raise $100 billion for a new fund every few years, investing about $50 billion a year in startups. SoftBank Vision Fund The Softbank Vision Fund was created in May 2017 by the Softbank Group and the Public Investment Fund (PIF). $100 billion was raised with PIF contributing $45 billion, SoftBank contributing $28 billion, the Mubadala Investment Company contributing $15 billion and the rest from other investors including Apple. Through Softbank Vision Fund, Masayoshi Son explained his intent to invest in all companies developing technologies in line with the global artificial intelligence trends, including various sectors such as finance or transportation. SoftBank Vision Fund SoftBank Vision Fund is managed by SoftBank Investment Advisers and SoftBank Vision Fund 2 is managed by SoftBank Global Advisors. Both are subsidiaries of the SoftBank Group. The firm has an investment team that will evaluate and select companies for the funds to invest in. Investments made mostly are either venture capital or private equity type ones. Most of the investments in Silicon Valley companies have been more than $100 million. SoftBank Group SoftBank Ventures Asia (SBVA) is the global early-stage venture capital arm of the SoftBank Group The firm focuses on early-stage ICT investments – including Artificial Intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and smart robotics. By October 2021, SBVA has backed more than 250 companies in 10 countries with US$1.3 billion fund under management. SoftBank Group On 27 May 2017, Softbank and the Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia (PIF), the kingdom's main sovereign wealth fund, partnered to create the Softbank Vision Fund, the world's largest private equity fund with a capital of $93 billion. Softbank Group contributed $28 billion to the investment fund, of which $8.2 billion came from the sale of approximately 25% of British multinational Arm Holdings shares. Saudi Arabia is the principal investor in the fund, its Public Investment Fund (PIF) agreed to inject $45 billion into the Vision Fund over 5 years, becoming its largest investor. Other investors include Apple, Qualcomm, ARM, Foxconn, Sharp, Larry Ellison and Mubadala. The latter agreed to invest $15 billion dollars in the fund, targeting artificial intelligence, communications infrastructure, financial technology, consumer internet, mobile computing and robotics. Through Softbank Vision Fund, CEO Masayoshi Son explained his intent to invest in all companies developing technologies emphasizing global artificial intelligence, including sectors such as finance or transportation. In July 2019, SoftBank announced creating of a Vision Fund 2, excluding participation from the Saudi Arabia government and including investors Apple, Foxconn, Microsoft and others. The fund is reported to focus on AI-based technology and invest approximately $108 billion, including $38 billion of its own funds. In February 2020, however, a report from Wall Street Journal stated the fund would only up with less than half of that capital. Tokyo Shiodome Building The office area of the building is occupied by SoftBank and its group companies, and serves as the headquarters for SoftBank, SoftBank BB, SoftBank Mobile, SoftBank Telecom and Willcom.	robotics, artificial intelligence, logistics, transportation, proptech, real estate, hospitality, broadband, fixed-line telecommunications, e-commerce, information technology, finance, media and marketing	information_extraction
Name five cities in the state of Texas.	John Murphy (Texas politician) At the time, Richardson was one of only four cities in the state of Texas and one of 88 cities in the nation with an AAA rating from Standard & Poor's. Fars (territory) Other ancient cities of the state of Fars: Gor, Istakhr, Darabgerd, Bishapur, Arrajan, Siraf, Kaseh, Janabeh, Mahrooyan, Qondejan, Shush, Tawwaj, Nobandjan, Beyza, Yazd-e Khāst, Juyom, Ij, Najirom, Rishehr, Siniz, Neyriz, Qatruyeh, Temukan, Meshkan, Persepolis, Paishiyauvada, Liyan. A Tale of Five Cities A Tale of Five Cities ( and released as A Tale of Five Women in the US) is a 1951 British-Italian international co-production drama film directed by Romolo Marcellini and five other directors. The five cities cited in the title are: Rome, Paris, Berlin, London, and Vienna. Arroyo Grande, California It is one of the cities on the Central Coast known as the Five Cities. Which coastal communities are commonly thought of as being the Five Cities has changed over time, as population has grown and shifted geographically. Currently, Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach, Oceano, Pismo Beach, and Shell Beach are generally considered to make up the Five Cities. However, the following cities are the original Five Cities: Grover Beach, previously known as Grover City, Fair Oaks (later annexed by Arroyo Grande), Arroyo Grande, Oceano, and Halcyon. Oceano is historically one of the Five Cities, even though it is considered a Community Service District. Shell Beach is part of Pismo Beach. Fars (territory) Some of important cities of the state of Fars: Shiraz, Nai Zi (Neyriz), Siraf, Arrajan (current Behbahan), and... Shepherd, Texas With 2,319 people, Shepherd is the 642nd most populated city in the state of Texas out of 1,752 cities. Five Cities Five Cities () is a 2010 Turkish drama film, written, produced and directed by Onur Ünlü, about a young policeman just arrived in Istanbul who falls in love with a woman in a candy shop. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on , won awards at film festivals in Antalya and Istanbul and has been described as, an absurd poetic tale of five seemingly unrelated people’s lives. Salado Springs Salado Springs is the name of five groups of springs at the town of Salado in Bell County, Texas, in the United States. The springs are located 48 miles (77 km) north of Austin or 135 miles (217 km) south of Dallas. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. State of the English Cities The State of the English Cities was a 2006 study of the social and economic performance of the major cities of England, sponsored by the Communities and Local Government department of the United Kingdom Government.	Five cities in the state of Texas are Austin, Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Waco.	open_qa
Why is the immigration system broken?	Points-based immigration system A points-based immigration system is an immigration system where a noncitizen's eligibility to immigrate is (partly or wholly) determined by whether that noncitizen is able to score above a threshold number of points in a scoring system that might include such factors as education level, wealth, connection with the country, language fluency, existing job offer, or others. Points-based immigration systems are sometimes also referred to as merit-based immigration systems. Territories of the United States American Samoa is the only U.S. territory with its own immigration system (a system separate from the United States immigration system). American Samoa also has a communal land system in which ninety percent of the land is communally owned; ownership is based on Samoan ancestry. Points-based immigration system Demetrios Papademetriou of the Migration Policy Institute argued, based on the frequent tweaking of criteria used by Canada and Australia, that points-based systems require frequent tweaking in order to be successful. Given the slow pace of United States immigration legislation, he argued that this required a greater level of planning for the bureaucracy than seen in the United States immigration system, so to gain autonomy for the implementation of a points-based system would be a challenge for the United States. Points-based immigration system In 2017, Australia's points-based system was cited as an inspiration and was raised as an elegant point during discussions of immigration policy in the United Kingdom in the context of Brexit. It has also been cited in the context of Donald Trump's interest in making the United States immigration system more merit-based and reducing its focus on extended family migration after the Australian prime minister Malcolm Turnbull announced putting Australians first through a Facebook video. Immigration reform in the United States Since early 2013, the term immigration reform has been applied to efforts to overhaul the broken immigration system in the United States. In his November 20, 2014 speech on immigration, U.S. President Obama summarized the need for revision to immigration laws and procedures as follows: Democratic Party (United States) Many Democratic politicians have called for systematic reform of the immigration system such that residents that have come into the United States illegally have a pathway to legal citizenship. President Obama remarked in November 2013 that he felt it was long past time to fix our broken immigration system, particularly to allow incredibly bright young people that came over as students to become full citizens. The Public Religion Research Institute found in a late 2013 study that 73% of Democrats supported the pathway concept, compared to 63% of Americans as a whole. Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> Migrant crisis Broken immigration system (Crisis) is what immigration experts and lawyers refer to as failure in management of push and pull factors. Push forces for the displaced people are summarized as running from horrors and poverty in the departure country toward a broken immigration system in the receiving states. Pull forces are receiving states having a functioning economy, the safer-faster journey with the help of communication technology (organize and warn) and established smuggler networks which has safer-faster ways to move people. For a full description Human migration#Lee. The condition of refugee or asylum seekers in receiving countries, from the perspective of governments, employers, and citizens, is a topic of continual debate (debate on migrant crises), and on the other end, the violation of migrant human rights is an ongoing crisis. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Università degli studi di Foggia The degree system is broken down into three sub categories, which are the First-level degrees, the Second-level degrees, and the master's degree, which in Italian is called a magistrali.	The immigration system is broken because it is based on outdated policies and procedures, and does not reflect the realities of today's global economy. The current system is too expensive and inefficient, and fails to provide a fair and equitable solution for all migrants.	brainstorming
Which of the following are considered golf clubs: woods, irons, jellies, sliders, hybrids, wedges, driver, squeaker, putters	Golf equipment A player usually carries several clubs during the game (but no more than fourteen, the limit defined by the rules). There are three major types of clubs, known as woods, irons, and putters. Woods are played for long shots from the tee or fairway, and occasionally rough, while irons are for precision shots from fairways as well as from the rough. A new type of club called a hybrid combines the straight-hitting characteristics of irons with the easy-to-hit characteristics of higher-lofted woods. A hybrid is often used for long shots from difficult rough. Hybrids are also used by players who have a difficult time getting the ball airborne with long irons. Wedges are irons used to play shorter shots. Wedges are played from difficult ground such as sand or the rough and for approach shots to the green. PangYa A player will start the game with the default golf club. As the player progresses, they are given the option to purchase new clubs, using either Pang or Cookies (Points in the North America server). Players can also get a free Lucky Air Knight club from the tutorial that works until they rank to Junior E. Club sets differ from each other in term of stats provided, available upgrade slots, level requirement, and appearance. Just like in real golf, PangYa club sets contain 4 basic type of clubs: woods, irons, wedges, and putters. Golf club A golf club is a club used to hit a golf ball in a game of golf. Each club is composed of a shaft with a grip and a club head. Woods are mainly used for long-distance fairway or tee shots; irons, the most versatile class, are used for a variety of shots; hybrids that combine design elements of woods and irons are becoming increasingly popular; putters are used mainly on the green to roll the ball into the hole. A set of clubs is limited by the rules of golf to a maximum of 14 golf clubs, and while there are traditional combinations sold at retail as matched sets, players are free to use any combination of legal clubs. Golf Golf clubs have traditionally been arranged into three basic types. Woods are large-headed, long-shafted clubs meant to propel the ball a long distance from relatively open lies, such as the teeing ground and fairway. Of particular importance is the driver or 1-wood, which is the lowest lofted wood club, and in modern times has become highly specialized for making extremely long-distance tee shots, up to , or more, in a professional golfer's hands. Traditionally these clubs had heads made of a hardwood, hence the name, but virtually all modern woods are now made of metal such as titanium, or of composite materials. Irons are shorter-shafted clubs with a metal head primarily consisting of a flat, angled striking face. Traditionally the clubhead was forged from iron; modern iron clubheads are investment-cast from a steel alloy. Irons of varying loft are used for a variety of shots from virtually anywhere on the course, but most often for shorter-distance shots approaching the green, or to get the ball out of tricky lies such as sand traps. The third class is the putter, which evolved from the irons to create a low-lofted, balanced club designed to roll the ball along the green and into the hole. Putters are virtually always used on the green or in the surrounding rough/fringe. A fourth class, called hybrids, evolved as a cross between woods and irons, and are typically seen replacing the low-lofted irons with a club that provides similar distance, but a higher launch angle and a more forgiving nature. Wood (golf) While the most common modern clubset includes only one fairway wood, the 3-wood, woods are typically available from major brands in lofts up to a 9-wood. A 4-wood is sometimes seen instead of a 3-wood (to fine-tune range differences between a player's driver and fairway wood), while a 5-wood is a common addition to the 3-wood for players who prefer fairway woods to long irons for play through the green. 7-woods are rarer in men's clubs but more common in ladies' and seniors' sets, again as a substitute for lower-lofted irons which are difficult to hit well and whose low launch angle can be risky on a hilly or undulating fairway. Some custom clubmakers offer woods in lofts up to 55° (a 25-wood equivalent to a sand wedge); these can be used to replace the entire standard set of irons with woods, for players who prefer the swing mechanics and behavior of woods to that of irons and wedges. Austie Rollinson In an interview with Links Magazine, Rollinson noted that the rules of golf make it easier to support design innovation for putters than for other golf clubs. He noted, The rules of what you can do in designing a putter are so much more open than with woods and irons. There’s much more freedom in terms of the shape. It’s all over the map.” Rollinson also described in the interview that he designs putters to fit how golfers perceive contrasts. He stated, “The eye uses contrast to pick out edges of objects. ... The eye has a really good ability to pick out lines that are perpendicular and it wants to form a perfect right angle. It’s like when the eye sees a picture that’s crooked.” Thus, Rollinson designed lateral contrasts in putters to match this perceptive process. Iron (golf) Irons are the most common type of club; a standard set of 14 golf clubs will usually contain between 7 and 11 irons, including wedges. Irons are customarily differentiated by a number from 1 to 10 (most commonly 3 to 9) that indicates the relative angle of loft on the clubface, although a set of irons will also vary in clubhead size, shaft length, and hence lie angle as the loft (and number) increase. Irons with higher loft than the numbered irons are called wedges, which are typically marked with a letter indicating their name, and are used for a variety of utility shots requiring short distances or high launch angles. Golf equipment Putters are mostly played on the green, but can also be useful when playing some approach shots. Putters have minimal loft, meaning the ball stays close to the ground when struck. The most common clubs to make up a set used to be a driver, 3 and 5-woods, irons numbered from 3 to 9, pitching wedge, sand wedge, and putter. Modern sets commonly include hybrids, often replacing the longer irons and 5-wood, and/or additional wedges such as a gap or lob wedge. Players may choose to play with any combination of clubs, limited by the rules to a maximum of 14. Iron (golf) There are also many hybrid clubs, so-called because they combine some of the characteristics of irons and woods, that closely resemble standard irons. Many sets of clubs, especially those marketed for beginners, now include hybrids to replace the more traditional 3 and 4 irons. Wedge (golf) In the sport of golf, a wedge is a subset of the iron family of golf clubs designed for special use situations. As a class, wedges have the highest lofts, the shortest shafts, and the heaviest clubheads of the irons. These features generally aid the player in making accurate short-distance lob shots, to get the ball onto the green or out of a hazard or other tricky spot. In addition, wedges are designed with modified soles that aid the player in moving the clubhead through soft lies, such as sand, mud, and thick grass, to extract a ball that is embedded or even buried. Wedges come in a variety of configurations, and are generally grouped into four categories: pitching wedges, sand wedges, gap/approach wedges and lob wedges.	woods, irons, hybrids, wedges, driver, putters	classification
What is ASEAN?	ASEAN Summit Under the ASEAN Charter, the ASEAN Summit is the supreme policy-making body of ASEAN. It comprises the heads of state or government of each member state. Accordingly, the Chairmanship of ASEAN rotates annually, based on the alphabetical order of the English names of ASEAN member states. The member state assuming the Chairmanship holds it for one calendar year, and chairs the ASEAN Summit and related summits, the ASEAN Coordinating Council, the three ASEAN Community Councils, relevant ASEAN Sectoral Ministerial Bodies and senior officials, and the Committee of Permanent Representatives. In addition, the Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations is appointed by the ASEAN Summit, selected from among nationals of ASEAN member states based on alphabetical rotation. The Chairmanship of ASEAN for 2022 is held by Cambodia. Asda Jayanama As a diplomat, Asda has long had outspoken views against the military government of Myanmar. After retiring from government service, he increased his criticism of the regime, noting that ASEAN's constructive engagement policies have failed...The Asean values of non-interference of domestic affairs and quiet diplomacy should be re-examined and reinterpreted for modern times. He also noted What then did ASEAN get from Burma's entry [into ASEAN]? Actually nothing, except problems... Burma never respects Asean's rules and even tried to get Asean to adjust to its own needs. And Asean just let that happen... If we compare Asean to a dog, and Burma as its tail, it seems that the tail is now wagging the dog. Secretary-General of ASEAN The secretary-general of ASEAN is the chief administrative officer of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The secretary-general must come from an ASEAN member state and will be appointed during the ASEAN Summit based on the alphabetical order of member states. The term of office is five years. Ambassador of Australia to the Association of South East Asian Nations The position has the rank and status of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and the present representative is the third resident Ambassador to ASEAN based in the Embassy of Australia, Jakarta. However the position has existed since September 2008 when an Ambassador resident in Canberra was appointed by Foreign Minister Stephen Smith: The decision to appoint an Ambassador to ASEAN underscores the importance Australia attaches to ASEAN and our desire to extend Australia's engagement and cooperation with ASEAN and its member nations. The ability for Dialogue partners to appoint Ambassadors to ASEAN only became possible after the completion of the new ASEAN Charter, which was signed in November 2007 and became effective in December 2008. Organisations associated with the ASEAN This is a list of organisations directly affiliated with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN. The Harvard Project for Asian and International Relations Many speakers also hail from influential international organizations, like the United Nations or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Speakers from ASEAN include the current Secretary-General of ASEAN Surin Pitsuwan and the former Secretary-General of ASEAN Ong Keng Yong. ASEAN Centre for Energy ASEAN Center for Energy (ACE) is an intergovernmental organisation within the ASEAN structure that addresses the interests of 10 ASEAN Member States (AMS) in the energy sector. ACE was established on first January 1999. The organisation assumes a focal job in the ASEAN energy sector. It works intimately with energy specialists/services in the 10 AMS called the Sub-sector Networks (SSN) and the Specialised Energy Bodies (SEB) and with the ASEAN Secretariat, which goes about as the overseer and director of the Endowment reserve. Together, they carry out the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC), a blueprint for better collaboration towards upgrading energy. Keeping the region's improvement, sustainable and harmless to the ecosystem is a fundamental concern of ASEAN's energy sector. This concern is shared as a typical subject of each Sub-sector Network in executing its programmes. The executive director is Dr Nuki Agya Utama. ASEAN–European Union relations The ASEAN–European Union relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two organisations; the European Union (EU), and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). EU and ASEAN have been interacting with each other on the economic, trade, and political levels for more than four decades. The partnership between the EU and ASEAN dates back to 1972, when the EU (then known as the European Economic Community (EEC)) established ties with ASEAN. The EU became an ASEAN Dialogue Partner in 1977. ASEAN Sculpture Garden ASEAN Sculpture Garden is a garden in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, situated adjacent to the National Monument and in the vicinity of the Lake Gardens. It is a landscaped garden with a collection of prize-winning sculptures in wood, marble, iron and bamboo. Exhibits have been crafted by artists from the ASEAN region. East Timor–Philippines relations The Philippines, one of two predominantly Catholic countries in Asia, is the strongest voice in ASEAN for Timor-Leste's ASEAN membership bid. The majority of Filipinos perceive a favorable response to East Timorese and are supportive of Timor-Leste's accession to ASEAN since its application.	ASEAN stands for the Association of South East Asian Nations. It was formed as an economic and political union on the 8th of August 1967 through the Bangkok Declaration. It has a secondary objective of promoting peace. It currently consists of ten member countries in South East Asia, namely Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam	general_qa
Which episode did Daenerys Targaryen lose her dragon, Viserion, to a White Walker's spear?	White Walker In the season 6 episode The Door (May 2016), Bran Stark experiences a vision of the creation of the Night King by Leaf, one of the Children of the Forest, by stabbing a human prisoner in the chest with a dragonglass dagger. Leaf explains to an incredulous Bran that the Children were at war with the First Men at the time of the Night King's creation. In season 7, when Jon kills a White Walker, the wights under its control are also destroyed. The Night King kills Daenerys Targaryen's dragon Viserion in the seventh season episode Beyond the Wall, and then reanimates him as a wight. In the season finale episode The Dragon and the Wolf, the Night King uses the dragon to breach the Wall. Bran Stark Bran is reunited with Jon when he returns to Winterfell with Daenerys Targaryen and her forces. Bran reveals to them that the Night King has reanimated Daenerys' dragon Viserion and used it to breach the Wall. Bran urges Sam to tell Jon the truth of his parentage, upon which Jon abdicates his claim in favour of Daenerys'. Jaime later arrives at Winterfell to aid in the fight against the dead, but Bran does not reveal Jaime's role in crippling him. The Dance of Dragons In the fighting pits, Daenerys Targaryen attends a tournament. To her surprise, Jorah is competing, and he wins. As he does, the Sons of the Harpy attack the stadium of Daznak's Pit in an attempt to assassinate Daenerys Targaryen, who is rescued by Jorah and her largest dragon, Drogon. Leaving Tyrion Lannister and her retainers behind with awe, Daenerys rides the dragon for the first time and flees the city. Daenerys Targaryen Daenerys Targaryen is introduced as the exiled princess of the Targaryen dynasty. She and her brother Viserys were smuggled to Essos during the end of Robert's Rebellion. For most of her life, Daenerys has been under the care of Viserys, whom she fears, as he abuses her whenever she displeases him. Viserys marries Daenerys to the powerful Dothraki warlord Khal Drogo in exchange for his military support to retake the Iron Throne. Daenerys becomes a khaleesi. During the wedding, exiled knight Ser Jorah Mormont pledges his loyalty to Daenerys while her benefactor Illyrio Mopatis gifts her three petrified dragon eggs. Daenerys is afraid of her new husband initially, but after learning the Dothraki language, she begins to bond with Drogo and genuinely falls in love with him. Daenerys learns the ways of the Dothraki, strengthening her relationship with her nomadic tribe. She becomes pregnant by Drogo with her son, who is prophesied by the Dothraki to be the Stallion Who Mounts the World. Viserys grows jealous of Daenerys's popularity and becomes infuriated with Drogo's lack of urgency in launching an invasion, prompting him to threaten to cut Daenerys's unborn son from her womb. Drogo responds by killing Viserys with molten gold. Daenerys declares he was no dragon because fire cannot kill a dragon. Ross Mullan In June 2012 he played a White Walker in Valar Morghulis, an episode of the HBO television series Game of Thrones. He would reprise the role in the May 2013 episode Second Sons, in which he is notably killed by Samwell Tarly. He would play a different White Walker in the April 2014 episode Oathkeeper. Daenerys Targaryen After an unsuccessful assassination attempt on behalf of Robert Baratheon, Drogo vows to Daenerys that he will conquer the Seven Kingdoms for her and their unborn son. However, during their journey, Drogo becomes comatose because of an infected wound incurred during a fight with one of his men. Daenerys desperately seeks the help of healer Mirri Maz Duur to save his life using blood magic. Mirri deceives Daenerys by using her unborn son's life as a sacrifice to heal Drogo but leaves him in a permanent catatonic state, forcing Daenerys to end her husband's life. Daenerys punishes Mirri by having her tied to Drogo's funeral pyre as she sets it alight. She also lays the three dragon eggs on Drogo's body and steps into the fire herself. At daybreak, after the fire has died out, Daenerys emerges with three baby dragons whom she names Drogon, Rhaegal, and Viserion. Daenerys Targaryen In A Game of Thrones (1996), Daenerys is sold by her brother Viserys and Illyrio Mopatis into a marriage with Khal Drogo, a Dothraki warlord for an army for Viserys. Daenerys befriends Jorah Mormont, an exiled Westerosi knight. At her wedding, she is given three petrified dragon eggs by Illyrio Mopatis. Although Daenerys is initially terrified of Drogo, their marriage grows into a happy union. She comes to love him and takes to Dothraki customs, finding strength for the first time, and she stands up to Viserys's attempts to bully her into coercing Drogo. When Viserys threatens her, Drogo kills him by pouring molten gold over his head. With Viserys dead, Daenerys sees herself as the heir to the Targaryen dynasty and responsible for reclaiming the throne for her family. Daenerys Targaryen Daenerys Targaryen is the daughter of King Aerys II Targaryen (also referred to as The Mad King) and his sister-wife Queen Rhaella, and is one of the last survivors of House Targaryen. She serves as the third-person point-of-view character of 31 chapters of A Game of Thrones, A Clash of Kings, A Storm of Swords, and A Dance with Dragons. This makes her the series' fourth most prominent narrative voice after Tyrion Lannister, Jon Snow and Arya Stark. Daenerys Targaryen In the story, Daenerys is in her early teens living in exile in Essos, where she has developed a Tyroshi accent. She remains dependent on her abusive older brother, Viserys, and is forced to marry Dothraki horselord Khal Drogo in exchange for Viserys' army to reclaim the Iron Throne in Westeros. Daenerys adapts to life with the Dothraki, and her character emerges as strong, confident and courageous. She becomes the heir of the Targaryen dynasty after her brother's murder and plans to reclaim the Iron Throne herself, seeing it as her birthright. A pregnant Daenerys loses her husband and child, but blood magic allows Daenerys to hatch three of her dragon eggs. The dragons provide her with a tactical advantage and prestige. Daenerys Targaryen Daenerys Targaryen ( ) is a fictional character in the series of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire by American author George R. R. Martin. She is a prominent point of view character, and is one of the series' most popular characters. The New York Times cites her as one of the author's finest creations.	The Night King, the leader of the White Walkers, threw a spear at Viserion, which killed him.	open_qa
Classify these countries into these continents (Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia/Oceania): Morocco, Vietnam, New Zealand, Chad, Afghanistan, Jordan, Lebanon, Monaco, Malta, Dominica, Paraguay	Machairodontinae Machairodontinae is an extinct subfamily of carnivoran mammals of the family Felidae (true cats). They were found in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Europe from the Miocene to the Pleistocene, living from about 16 million until about 11,000 years ago. Animalympics Unlike the real Olympics, continents are represented rather than countries. The continents featured are North America, South America, Eurasia, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Eurasia represents the USSR, whereas Europe represents Western and Central Europe. Thymoites it contains ninety-four species, found in Central America, Asia, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, North America, and on Greenland: Killing of animals Big-game hunting is conducted in Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. In Africa, lion, Cape buffalo, elephant, giraffe and other large game animals are hunted. Junghuhnia nitida The fungus grows on the fallen wood of deciduous trees, in which it causes a white rot. It is widely distributed, found in Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and South America. August 2072 lunar eclipse It will be completely visible over North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, seen rising over Europe, Africa, and Asia and setting over North America. In South America the eclipse will be not visible over invisible. United States men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics Twelve players were born outside the United States, in four continents (Asia, Europe, North America, and South America). Hurricanes in Central America Central America is a region containing seven countries that connects the two continents of North America and South America. SAP , SAP is the world's fourth-largest software and programming company. The corporation operates in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, North America, and South America. Geastrum lageniforme Geastrum lageniforme is a species of fungus belonging to the genus Geastrum. It was described as new to science by Italian mycologist Carlo Vittadini. It is found in Africa, Europe, North America, and South America.	- Asia: Vietnam, Afghanistan, Jordan, Lebanon - Africa: Morocco, Chad - Europe: Monaco, Malta - North America: Dominica - South America: Paraguay - Australia/Oceania: New Zealand	classification
Please give me a list of qualities that make the Masters is golf's top tournament unique?	Masters Tournament The Masters is the first major championship of the year. Since 1948, its final round has been scheduled for the second Sunday of April, with several exceptions. It ended on the first Sunday four times (1952, 1957, 1958, 1959) and the 1979 and 1984 tournaments ended on April 15, the month's third Sunday. The first edition in 1934 was held in late March and the next ten were in early April, with only the 1942 event scheduled to end on the second Sunday. The 2020 event, postponed by the COVID-19 pandemic, was held from November 12 to 15, thus being the last major of the year. 2012 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, but other categories are shown in parentheses. 2013 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 2014 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 2016 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 2017 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 2019 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 2020 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 2018 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 2010 Masters Tournament The Masters has the smallest field of the major championships. Officially the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is now a qualification process. In theory, the club could simply decline to invite a qualified player. This is the list of the 96 players who played in the 2010 Masters Tournament. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, but other categories are shown in parentheses.	As with the other majors, winning the Masters gives a golfer several privileges which make his career more secure. Masters champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (the U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship) for the next five years (except for amateur winners, unless they turn pro within the five-year period), and earn a lifetime invitation to the Masters. They also receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and invitations to The Players Championship for five years. Because the tournament was established by an amateur champion, Bobby Jones, the Masters has a tradition of honoring amateur golf. It invites winners of the most prestigious amateur tournaments in the world. Also, the current U.S. Amateur champion always plays in the same group as the defending Masters champion for the first two days of the tournament. Amateurs in the field are welcome to stay in the "Crow's Nest" atop the Augusta National clubhouse during the tournament. The Crow's Nest is 1,200 square feet (110 m2) with lodging space for five during the competition. The total prize money for the 2021 Masters Tournament was $11,500,000, with $2,070,000 going to the winner. In the inaugural year of 1934, the winner Horton Smith received $1,500 out of a $5,000 purse. After Nicklaus's first win in 1963, he received $20,000, while after his final victory in 1986 he won $144,000. In recent years the purse has grown quickly. Between 2001 and 2014, the winner's share grew by $612,000, and the purse grew by $3,400,000. Green jacket In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, formally awarded since 1949 and informally awarded to the champions from the years prior. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament in a televised ceremony, and the presentation is then repeated outside near the 18th green in front of the patrons. Winners keep their jacket for the year after their victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they are present on the club grounds. Sam Snead was the first Masters champion to be awarded the green jacket after he took his first Masters title in 1949. The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from the Augusta National grounds by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. Exceptions to this rule include Gary Player, who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory (although he has always followed the spirit of the rule and has never worn the jacket); Seve Ballesteros who, in an interview with Peter Alliss from his home in Pedreña, showed one of his two green jackets in his trophy room; and Henry Picard, whose jacket was removed from the club before the tradition was well established, remained in his closet for a number of years, and is now on display at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio, where he was the club professional for many years. By tradition, the winner of the previous year's Masters Tournament puts the jacket on the current winner at the end of the tournament. In 1966, Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself. When Nick Faldo (in 1990) and Tiger Woods (in 2002) repeated as champions, the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them. In addition to the green jacket, winners of the tournament receive a gold medal. In 2017, a green jacket that was found at a thrift store in 1994 was sold at auction for $139,000. There are several awards presented to players who perform exceptional feats during the tournament. The player who has the daily lowest score receives a crystal vase, while players who score a hole-in-one or a double eagle win a large crystal bowl. For each eagle a player makes, they receive a pair of crystal goblets.	summarization
What caused the 2007-2008 financial crisis?	2007–2008 financial crisis The preconditions for the financial crisis were complex and multi-causal. Almost two decades prior, the U.S. Congress had passed legislation encouraging financing for affordable housing. In 1999, parts of the Glass-Steagall legislation were repealed, permitting financial institutions to comingle their commercial (risk-averse) and proprietary trading (risk-taking) operations. Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for financial collapse was the rapid development in predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities. This market development went unattended by regulators and thus caught the U.S. government by surprise. 2007–2008 financial crisis The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or Global Financial Crisis (GFC), was a severe worldwide economic crisis that occurred in the early 21st century. It was the most serious financial crisis since the Great Depression (1929). Predatory lending targeting low-income homebuyers, excessive risk-taking by global financial institutions, and the bursting of the United States housing bubble culminated in a perfect storm. Mortgage-backed securities (MBS) tied to American real estate, as well as a vast web of derivatives linked to those MBS, collapsed in value. Financial institutions worldwide suffered severe damage, reaching a climax with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on September 15, 2008, and a subsequent international banking crisis. Financial crisis As the most recent and most damaging financial crisis event, the Global financial crisis, deserves special attention, as its causes, effects, response, and lessons are most applicable to the current financial system. Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 A financial crisis had developed throughout 2007 and 2008 partly due to a subprime mortgage crisis, causing the failure or near-failure of major financial institutions like Lehman Brothers and American International Group. Seeking to prevent the collapse of the financial system, Secretary of the Treasury Paulson called for the U.S. government to purchase several hundred billion dollars in distressed assets from financial institutions. His proposal was initially rejected by Congress, but the ongoing financial crisis and lobbying by President Bush ultimately convinced Congress to enact the proposal as part of Public Law 110-343. Measure of America In the lead-up to the financial crisis, economic opportunity remained unequal across racial lines, but economic trends suggested that America was on a path toward narrowing the yawning wealth disparities between white and black families. Deeply rooted economic inequality, however, fueled some of the most harmful lending practices in the housing market, allowing financial institutions to engage in discriminatory and predatory lending that accelerated the financial collapse. 1997 Asian financial crisis The Asian financial crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of East Asia and Southeast Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion. However, the recovery in 1998–1999 was rapid and worries of a meltdown subsided. Glass–Steagall legislation After the financial crisis of 2007–2008, some commentators argued that the repeal of Sections 20 and 32 had played an important role in leading to the housing bubble and financial crisis. Economics Nobel Memorial laureate Joseph Stiglitz, for instance, argued that [w]hen repeal of Glass-Steagall brought investment and commercial banks together, the investment-bank culture came out on top, and banks which had previously been managed conservatively turned to riskier investments to increase their returns. Another laureate, Paul Krugman, contended that the repealing of the act was indeed a mistake; however, it was not the cause of the financial crisis. History of banking in the United States Although there have been aftershocks, the financial crisis itself ended sometime between late 2008 and mid-2009. While many causes for the financial crisis have been suggested, with varying weight assigned by experts, the United States Senate issuing the Levin–Coburn Report found that the crisis was not a natural disaster, but the result of high risk, complex financial products; undisclosed conflicts of interest; and the failure of regulators, the credit rating agencies, and the market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street. Financial contagion The crisis of 2007–08 has been identified as the most severe since the 1930 Great Depression. Major financial institutions around the world were greatly affected. The history of the 2007–08 crisis traces back to the bursting of the housing bubble in the United States, and the increase in mortgage defaults. This came about as a result of the mandate by the U.S. Congress for the Federal National Mortgage to increase access to low-income housing. As a result of the high default rates, many financial institutions across the U.S. were affected. Although the U.S. government had attempted to salvage the situation through liquidity doses, the crisis further deepened. By March 2008, Bear Sterns, a U.S. investment bank, required the efforts of the government to be rescued. At this stage, it was clear that the crisis had deepened. Other financial institutions, such as the Lehman bank and American International Group (AIG), started to feel the effects of the crisis. The severity of this crisis grew, and most U.S. and European banks were pulling back their international loans. This move caused major financial problems across the world, especially for those countries that rely heavily on international borrowing. Financial contagion was felt severely, especially in countries whose financial systems were vulnerable due to local housing bubbles and current account deficits. Some of the countries affected were Germany, Iceland, Spain, Britain and New Zealand among others. Many analysts and governments had failed to predict the real effects of the crisis. As major economies of the world started to feel the effects of the crisis, nearly every economy was affected directly or indirectly. In particular, there was a drop in exports and a lowering of commodity prices. 2007–2008 financial crisis The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) made the major government study of the crisis. It concluded in January 2011:	Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for the financial collapse was the rapid development of predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities.	closed_qa
What was the first modern trading card game created?	Star Wars Trading Card Game Star Wars: The Trading Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game produced by Wizards of the Coast (WotC). The original game was created by game designer Richard Garfield, the creator of the first modern trading card game, . After its initial release in April 2002, the game was 'put on indefinite hold' by WotC in late 2005. The Star Wars Trading Card Game Independent Development Committee was created by a group of fans to continue development of the game. They design new cards that are available as free downloads at their website. BattleTech Trading Card Game The BattleTech Trading Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game (CCG) set in the BattleTech universe. The game was developed by Wizards of the Coast (WotC) for FASA and released in 1996. WARS Trading Card Game Originally, Decipher published fifteen short stories for free to promote the trading card game, bringing on Michael A. Stackpole and John Howe to create the universe. WARS Trading Card Game This trading card game was significant for a number of reasons. It is Decipher's only card game that isn't based on a licensed property (the phrase proprietary science fiction property was repeated over many news releases). It also partly aimed at a large, pre-existing target market by using game mechanics modified from the Star Wars CCGa game itself so popular it was the #2 selling trading card game, second only to the original collectible card game , for much of the time between its release in late 1995 and the release of the Pokémon Trading Card Game in 1998. History of Chaotic Trading Card Game Before its current form, the Chaotic Trading Card Game had several names and versions. Starting in Denmark, Dracco Heads was a children's collectors product featuring plastic figurines of strange creatures. In 2000, a trading card game called Grolls & Gorks was published featuring characters and creatures from Dracco Heads. The next year, the game was redesigned by Bryan C. Gannon, and renamed Chaotic: Now or Never! This version of the card game had many characters and cards on which the current version of the Chaotic game and the television series are based. X-Men Trading Card Game Released by Wizards of the Coast in 2000, the X-Men Trading Card Game was a collectible card game (CCG) designed to coincide with the popularity of the film X-Men, the first of the X-Men film series. This set had featured character art similar to that of film and included characters who did not appear in the movie. It was released in July 2000. Chaotic Trading Card Game The Chaotic Trading Card Game is based on an earlier game called Chaotic: Now or Never! which in turn is based on another game called Grolls & Gorks. Each of these have characters from Dracco Heads, an earlier collectible product. Chaotic USA worked with Martin Rauff and Dracco to create a completely new version, of the earlier trading card game. BattleTech Trading Card Game The BattleTech Trading Card Game was designed by Richard Garfield, the designer of ; both games use a similar style of gameplay and card distribution. It was produced from November 1996 through 2001, and features BattleMechs, characters, and technology from the original BattleTech board game, with new artwork done by various artists. Ralph Horsley He is known for his work on the collectible card game. He has also contributed art to the World of Warcraft Trading Card Game and Hearthstone. Shadowrun: The Trading Card Game Shadowrun: The Trading Card Game is an out-of-print collectible card game, released by FASA in August 1997 as a spin-off from FASA Corporation's Shadowrun role-playing game and used the same scenario, a cyberpunk setting with fantasy elements – an apocalyptic near-future Earth, with advanced technology (bio-engineering, robotics, virtual reality) which was also populated by magic and supernatural beings such as elves and dragons.	On August 5th 1993, Magic: The Gathering was released to the world as the first modern trading card game. The game was published by Wizards of the Coast and created by Richard Garfield. Magic: The Gathering is a card game where two wizards battle casting spells, summoning creatures, and use magical objects to defeat their opponents. The Limited Edition Alpha set was the first set Magic: The Gathering set ever released.	general_qa
Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}	NCAA basketball tournament selection process The twelve-member basketball selection committee is made up of athletic directors and conference commissioners throughout Division I men's and women's athletics with separate committees for the men's and women's tournaments. The committees consist of one member selected from each of the five autonomy conferences and three members selected from the seven highest-ranked nonautonomy conferences based on basketball success. The remaining four members are selected from the 20 other conferences. All appointments are for five years. Historically the men's selection committee consisted of all men, and the women's selection committee consisted of all women. However, recently women have been serving on the men’s committee (including Judy Rose, Lynn Hickey, Janet Cone, and current member Bernadette McGlade), and men have been serving on the women’s committee (including Richard Ensor and current member Jeff Konya). The tournament selection is only part of the committee members' duties; the panels meet year-round (in-person or through conference calls) to discuss the tournament and its administration, evaluate teams, assign tournament game officials, and determine future tournament sites. Scott Barnes (athletic director) On May 8, 2013, Barnes was named chairman of the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament's selection committee. NCAA basketball tournament selection process The selection process for college basketball's NCAA Division I Men's and Women's Basketball Tournaments determine which teams (68 men's and 68 women's) will enter the tournaments (the centerpieces of the basketball championship frenzy known as March Madness) and their seedings and matchups in the knockout bracket. Currently, thirty-two (32) teams gain automatic entry through winning their conference's championship. The remaining teams (36 men's, 36 women's) rely on the selection committee to award them an at-large bid in the tournament. The selection process primarily takes place on Selection Sunday and the days leading up to it. Selection Sunday is also when the men's brackets and seeds are released to the public. After beginning in 2022, the women's championship brackets and seeds are also announced on Sunday. Prior to the expansion of the bracket from 64 to 68 teams the women's championship brackets and seeds were announced one day later, on Selection Monday. City University of New York Athletic Conference The CUNYAC sponsors Division III intercollegiate athletic competition in men's baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's soccer, women's softball, men's and women's swimming and diving, men's and women's tennis, men's and women's track and field, and men's and women's volleyball. 2012 NCAA Division III men's basketball tournament The NCAA Selection Committee, by rule, must select one team from the conferences without automatic berths and non-affiliated schools (Pool B). The Selection Committee makes the remaining 19 selections at-large from all conferences (Pool C). 2013 NCAA Division III men's basketball tournament The NCAA Selection Committee, by rule, must select one team from the conferences without automatic berths and non-affiliated schools (Pool B). The Selection Committee makes the remaining 19 selections at-large from all conferences (Pool C). NCAA basketball tournament selection process Selection Sunday is the day when the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament participants are selected, seeded, placed accordingly, and announced, and on Selection Monday (the next day) the same process occurs for the NCAA Division I Women’s Basketball Tournament. Both CBS and ESPN cover the selections for the men's tournament live; ESPN also covers selections for the women's tournament live on Selection Monday. The NCAA committee gathers to select and place 68 men's teams and 68 women's teams that secured automatic berths or are deemed worthy of an invitation to the NCAA Division I men's and women's basketball tournaments that take place in March and April. Selection Sunday is currently the Sunday before the third Thursday of March, when the first round games begin. It is never before March 11, or after March 17. Husson University Husson University teams are known as the Eagles. The university is a member of the NCAA Division III and fields twenty one varsity sports teams in the North Atlantic Conference (primary), Commonwealth Coast Football (football) and the Great Northeast Athletic Conference (swimming and diving). Sports offered include men's & women's soccer, men's & women's lacrosse, men's & women's cross country, men's & women's basketball, men's football, women's field hockey, men's and women's swimming & diving, men's and women's golf, women's outdoor track & field, women's indoor track & field, baseball, softball, and women's volleyball. Husson University also has three spirit teams including Cheer Team, Dance Team, and Pep Band. Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame As with the men's awards, the selection committee for the women's awards includes each award's namesake. University of Alaska Anchorage UAA's athletic teams, known as the Seawolves, compete in 13 NCAA sports: men's ice hockey, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's skiing, men's and women's cross country, women's gymnastics, men's and women's indoor and outdoor track and field, and women's volleyball. The university is an NCAA Division I school for gymnastics and ice hockey, and a member of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. UAA is a Division II member of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference in men's and women's basketball, volleyball, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's indoor track and field, and men's and women's outdoor track and field. Other conference affiliations are the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation (gymnastics) and the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association.	• Judy Rose • Lynn Hickey • Janet Cone • Bernadette McGlade • Richard Ensor • Jeff Konya	information_extraction
Why is it called the Hawaiian pizza?	Hawaiian pizza The addition of pineapple to the traditional mix of tomato sauce and cheese, along with either ham or bacon, later became popular locally and eventually became a staple offering of pizzerias on a global scale. The name of this creation is, in fact, actually not directly inspired by the U.S. state of Hawaii at all; Panopoulos chose the name Hawaiian after the brand of canned pineapple they were using at the time. Hawaiian pizza Hawaiian pizza is a pizza originating in Canada, and is traditionally topped with pineapple, tomato sauce, cheese, and either ham or bacon. Hawaiian pizza In the United States, some restaurants use barbecue sauce and pulled pork with pineapple and cheese as an alternative to the more traditional combination featuring tomato sauce and either ham or bacon. Hawaiian pizza Sam Panopoulos, a Greek-born Canadian, created the first Hawaiian pizza at the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario, Canada in 1962. Inspired in part by his experience preparing Chinese dishes which commonly mix sweet and savory flavours, Panopoulos experimented with adding pineapple, ham, bacon, and other toppings. These additions were not initially very popular. Toast Hawaii Lightly toasted bread is buttered, covered with a slice of cooked or raw ham, pineapple, and cheese (usually processed cheese), then baked. It is also common to place a cocktail cherry, cranberries, or other similar fruit on the finished toast, or to season it with sweet paprika powder. Similarly, other Hawaiian-style dishes are prepared with pineapple and cheese, such as Hawaiian pizza or Hawaiian steak. Hawaiian pizza In Germany, Hawaiian pizza is thought to be a variation of the ham, pineapple and cheese-topped Toast Hawaii, originally introduced by Germany's first TV cook Clemens Wilmenrod in 1955. History of pizza In 1962, the Hawaiian pizza, a pizza topped with pineapple and ham, was invented in Canada by restaurateur Sam Panopoulos at the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario. Pizza in Canada According to a number of news outlets, the Hawaiian-style (tomato sauce, ham and pineapple) is a Canadian invention, originating at the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario. Sam Panopoulos, owner of Satellite, first concocted the Hawaiian pizza in 1962. By that time Satellite had already started serving Canadian Chinese food and Panopoulos thought people would like a similar dish with sweet and savoury flavours together, so he took a can of pineapple and tossed the fruit onto a pizza. Hawaiian pizza In 2017, Icelandic president Guðni Th. Jóhannesson reportedly told a group of high school students during a Q&A that he was fundamentally opposed to putting pineapple on pizza. He jokingly added that he would ban pineapple as a pizza topping if he could, as long as he received 30% of the under 21 vote. His off-the-cuff remark generated a flurry of media coverage and inspired many, regardless of their taste for Hawaiian pizza, to express their opinions on social media. Celebrities shared their liking or distaste for Hawaiian pizza, including Canada's prime minister, Justin Trudeau, who expressed support for it by tweeting: “I have a pineapple. I have a pizza. And I stand behind this delicious Southwestern Ontario creation. Panopoulos, at that point retired from the restaurant business, was called upon by some media outlets to defend his creation. Toast Hawaii Toast Hawaii was a typical meal for German families up until the 1970s and was a popular dish in pubs, party rooms, and bowling alleys in the 1980s. However, Hawaiian pizza is more commonly thought of as a dish featuring pineapple in Germany; unlike Hawaiian pizza, which is distributed globally, Hawaiian toast has remained a purely German phenomenon. About ten years after its introduction, Hawaiian toast also found its way into the , but was limited to restaurants there. In contrast, in everyday kitchens, varieties are popular, using less common Jagdwurst or meatloaf and doing away with the pineapple.	The name comes from the canned pineapple brand	information_extraction
Who is William Crump?	William Crump (MP) William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician. William Crump (MP) Crump was a common councilman of Canterbury by 1500, chamberlain in 1503–1505, an alderman by 1505 and Mayor of Canterbury for 1505–06 and 1509–10. He was elected a Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent in 1510. William Crump (gardener) William Crump (27 June 1843 - 30 December 1932, Madresfield) was a famous English gardener who was head gardener at Madresfield Court, near Malvern. He was a recipient of the Victorian Medal of Honour in 1887. Walter William Covey-Crump Covey-Crump came from a modest background. His paternal grandparents were agricultural labourer William Crump, and his wife Ann. His parents were merchant's clerk and cooper, Richard Crump, and Elizabeth Prestidge. He was born as Walter William Crump in Birmingham on 4 October 1865. When he was fourteen, he was apprenticed to a book-printer of evangelical tendencies, and attended his youth Bible class. George William Crump George William Crump (September 26, 1786 – October 1, 1848) was a member of the United States House of Representatives in the 19th United States Congress and the U.S. Ambassador to Chile. George William Crump Crump was born in Powhatan County, Virginia. Crump attended then Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) from sometime around 1800 to 1804. According to legend, in August heading into his senior year, Crump was arrested by the authorities of Lexington, Virginia for running naked through the town, the United States' first recorded incident of streaking. Crump was suspended for the first semester of the 1804–05 academic year. George William Crump Crump served in the Virginia House of Delegates. Crump would later serve as member of the Nineteenth Congress of the United States as a Jacksonian Democrat, filling a vacancy caused by the resignation of John Randolph. He served from January 21, 1826, to March 3, 1827. William Crump (Texas politician) William Edmund Crump (1809 or 1810 – January 3, 1889) was the first Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives following statehood. A representative from Austin County, Crump was a novice in political circles, having held no previous public office in Texas either in the Republic or at the local level. Despite his lack of experience, he was elected Speaker on the first ballot without any substantial opposition. David Banner Lavell William Crump was born in Brookhaven and raised in Jackson, Mississippi, the elder son of Zeno Crump Jr., Jackson district fire chief, and Carolyn Crump. He graduated from Provine High School in Jackson in 1992 and then attended Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, his mother's alma mater. At Southern University, Crump served as president of the Student Government Association and received a bachelor's degree in business. He later attended the University of Maryland Eastern Shore to pursue a master's degree in education but later left the program to pursue his music career full-time. Edwin Samuel Crump Crump was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England, the youngest child of Charles Crump and Clara Annie Crump (nee Gittoes). His father Charles Crump was Chief Clerk, Northern Division, Great Western Railway Company, prominent football legislator and administrator, and committed Methodist. Edwin Crump was educated as a civil engineer at the Department of Engineering, Imperial College.	Crump was a common councilman of Canterbury by 1500, chamberlain in 1503–1505, an alderman by 1505 and Mayor of Canterbury for 1505–06 and 1509–10. He was elected a Member of Parliament for Canterbury, Kent in 1510.	information_extraction
What are foundational models?	Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Battle of Nan'ao Island The Battle of Nan'ao island (Nan'ao Dao, 南澳岛) was a battle fought between the nationalists (Kuomintang) and the communists. Nan'ao Island (Nan'ao Dao, 南澳岛) of Swatow (now known as Shantou) remained in the nationalist hands after Guangdong fell into communist hands. On February 23, 1950, the 121st division of the 41st Army of the People's Liberation Army attacked the island. Faced with such overwhelming enemy, the defenders stood no chance and after eight hours of fighting, the communists succeeded in wiping out the entire nationalist garrison and thus taking the island. 27 nationalist troops were killed, and 1348 were captured, including the nationalist local commander, the deputy commander-in-chief of the 1st Cantonese Column Wu Chaojun (吴超骏), and the deputy commander of the nationalist 58th division Guo Mengxiong (郭梦熊). A total of 1304 firearms were also captured. Origin myth Foundational stories are accounts of the development of cities and nations. A foundational story represents the view that the creation of the city is a human achievement. Human control and the removal of wild, uncontrolled nature is underlined. There are two versions of foundational stories: civilization story and degradation story. Webist Nan Tian, Yue Xu, Yuefeng Li, Ahmad Abdel-Hafez and Audun Josang. Product Feature Taxonomy Learning based on User Reviews Orly Cogan Discussing her 2018-2019 exhibit Don't Call Me Princess at Brattleboro Museum & Art Center in Brattleboro, Vermont Cogan stated, Ultimately, my quest is to tell a story about the role of women in our ever-changing society, all the while honoring the labors of the past. In the process, I aim to provoke certain questions within the context of constantly shifting boundaries that define our relationships and our identities: What role do women want to play in society today? Who do we want to be? What kind of relationships do we want to have? Who are our role models? What are we teaching our children? American women have grown up with fairy tales in our heads, and somehow that “happily ever after” idea is instilled early on. With my own daughter I saw how strongly princesses infiltrated her play, although she had no direct exposure to Disney movies or theme parks. I edited the few fairy tales we had, changing the sexist stories to empowering ones for my child's ears. Billy Herrington The three most notable soramimi from Billy Herrington that comes from Workout: Muscle Fantasies 3, that would later make up the tag, are Huh? Like embarrassing me, huh? (あぁん?最近だらしねぇな?, aan? saikin darashi nee na? What? You are slacking off these days?); You got me mad now. (歪みねぇな, yugami nee na, You are not distorted.); and That's not right, man. (仕方ないね, shikata nai ne, It can't be helped.).	Foundational Models as the name says can be the foundation for many applications of the AI Model, using self-supervised learning and transfer learning, the model can apply information it learnt about one situation to another. As an example. You learn to drive one car and without too much effort you can drive most of the other cars, even trucks or a bus.	creative_writing
How many keys are in a standard piano?	Stuart & Sons Stuart & Sons created a grand piano with 14 more keys than are found on a standard piano, for a total of 102 keys or eight and one half octaves. A model with 20 extra keys was built in 2018. Nils Frahm In the same year, Frahm created Piano Day, celebrated on the 88th day of the year (due to the standard piano's 88 keys). The event's first project was the construction, with David Klavins, of the Modell 450 piano, the successor to the Modell 370. Yamaha S90 The S90 provides 88 fully weighted keys, the number equivalent to a standard piano, emulating the pianistic mechanism. The keyboard naturally provides initial touch, but also aftertouch response and has a 64-note polyphony with 16 multitimbral parts providing a maximum of 4 performance parts. Piano Toy piano company Schoenhut manufactures grands and uprights with only 44 or 49 keys and a shorter distance between the keyboard and the pedals. These are true pianos with working mechanisms and strings. Piano Almost every modern piano has 52 white keys and 36 black keys for a total of 88 keys (seven octaves plus a minor third, from A to C). Many older pianos only have 85 keys (seven octaves from A to A). Some piano manufacturers have extended the range further in one or both directions. For example, the Imperial Bösendorfer has nine extra keys at the bass end, giving a total of 97 keys and an eight octave range. These extra keys are sometimes hidden under a small hinged lid that can cover the keys to prevent visual disorientation for pianists unfamiliar with the extra keys, or the colours of the extra white keys are reversed (black instead of white). More recently, Australian manufacturer Stuart & Sons created a piano with 108 keys, going from C to B, covering nine full octaves. The extra keys are the same as the other keys in appearance. Sonido 13 This system added sounds unexplored by generations of musicians, so new adaptations of current instruments had to be made to support the small intervals, and for this reason the instruments were reduced in the number of octaves they contained. For example, a standard piano has 88 keys that cover more than 7 octaves, and a piano with 88 keys made for 16ths of a tone would not constitute a full octave. To have the same number of octaves as a conventional piano, a piano for 16ths of a tone would need 704 keys. So, using logic and innovative thoughts of modern luthiers, a traditional piano will be enriched infinitely. Every existing instrument has to be modified to adapt to the new rules of the Sonido 13 system, but also new instruments have to be designed and created. Thus, modern luthiers have an almost fantastic but still unexplored world in front of them, except by Carrillo's mind. Scientific pitch notation The table below gives notation for pitches based on standard piano key frequencies: standard concert pitch and twelve-tone equal temperament. When a piano is tuned to just intonation, C refers to the same key on the keyboard, but a slightly different frequency. Keys which do not appear on any piano (medium gray) or only on an extended 108-key piano (light gray) are highlighted. Crazy Sue The first few levels are completely linear, with the player starting at the very left, and the game scrolling to the right. Later they get more complicated, and in the castle there are many keys and doors through which you have to find the right way. Innovations in the piano Almost every modern piano has 36 black keys and 52 white keys for a total of 88 keys (seven octaves plus a minor third, from A0 to C8). Most makers standardized around the 88 key format during the 1880s and 1890s time period. Many older pianos only have 85 keys (seven octaves from A0 to A7), while some manufacturers extend the range further in one or both directions. A (musical note) A0 is the lowest note on the standard piano. The octaves follow A1, A2, etc. A7 is a few pitches lower than C8, the highest note on the standard piano. The note A is not considered to be a certain milestone or mark to hit with voice as, for example, Tenor C is, but it can be extremely demanding in certain octaves.	There are 88 keys in a standard piano. It has been the standard since Steinway built their pianos in the 1880s. There are 52 white keys and 36 black keys.	open_qa
What are the Regulations of Football?	Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Nan Bangs McKinnell In Seattle, Nan began working as a teacher once again, earning money to help support her family back in Nebraska. It wasn't long until Nan was applying for graduate school, and after a few years in Seattle, she was taking summer classes at the University of Washington where she started her art. While the men were away at war, Nan began teaching in an architectural drawing and design classes at the University. As she continued her own studies, Nan realized that painting and design were not her forte and took an introductory class in ceramic engineering and was drawn to clay as an artistic medium. Battle of Nan'ao Island The Battle of Nan'ao island (Nan'ao Dao, 南澳岛) was a battle fought between the nationalists (Kuomintang) and the communists. Nan'ao Island (Nan'ao Dao, 南澳岛) of Swatow (now known as Shantou) remained in the nationalist hands after Guangdong fell into communist hands. On February 23, 1950, the 121st division of the 41st Army of the People's Liberation Army attacked the island. Faced with such overwhelming enemy, the defenders stood no chance and after eight hours of fighting, the communists succeeded in wiping out the entire nationalist garrison and thus taking the island. 27 nationalist troops were killed, and 1348 were captured, including the nationalist local commander, the deputy commander-in-chief of the 1st Cantonese Column Wu Chaojun (吴超骏), and the deputy commander of the nationalist 58th division Guo Mengxiong (郭梦熊). A total of 1304 firearms were also captured. Webist Nan Tian, Yue Xu, Yuefeng Li, Ahmad Abdel-Hafez and Audun Josang. Product Feature Taxonomy Learning based on User Reviews Billy Herrington The three most notable soramimi from Billy Herrington that comes from Workout: Muscle Fantasies 3, that would later make up the tag, are Huh? Like embarrassing me, huh? (あぁん?最近だらしねぇな?, aan? saikin darashi nee na? What? You are slacking off these days?); You got me mad now. (歪みねぇな, yugami nee na, You are not distorted.); and That's not right, man. (仕方ないね, shikata nai ne, It can't be helped.). King Nan of Zhou King Nan of Zhou (Ji Yan; ?–256 BC), less commonly known as King Yin of Zhou, was the 37th and last king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty, the son of King Shenjing of Zhou and grandson of King Xian of Zhou. He was king from 314 BC until his death in 256 BC, a reign of fifty-nine years, the longest in the Zhou Dynasty and all of pre-imperial China. By the time of King Nan's reign, the kings of Zhou had lost almost all political and military power, as even their remaining crown land was split into two states or factions, led by rival feudal lords: West Zhou, where the capital Wangcheng was located, and East Zhou, centred at Chengzhou and Kung. Therefore, Nan lacked any personal territory and was effectively under the control of the local feudal lords, essentially relying on their charity. Nan'yō, Yamagata The area of present-day Nan'yo was part of ancient Dewa Province. In Japanese folklore it is the setting of the Tsuru no Ongaeshi legend. After the start of the Meiji period, the area was organized into villages within Higashiokitama District, Yamagata Prefecture with the establishment of the modern municipalities system, including the village of Akayu. Akayu was raised to town status in December 1895.	The Fédération Internationale de Football Association rules football. Their headquarters were first founded in 1904 in Switzerland. They currently have over 200 members around the world. FIFA governs all the rules and regulations of football as played in the English Premier League, United Kingdom.	general_qa
When was the Hundred Years War and who fought in it?	Buironfosse In 1339 the French and English armies, engaged in the Hundred Years War, formed battle lines near Buironfosse, and then did not fight. Routiers The Hundred Years' War, which lasted from 1337 to 1453, was the backdrop to their pillaging. The Hundred Years' War was fought between two royal families over control of the French throne: the Plantagenets from England, and the House of Valois from France. The War, which is divided into three stages - the Edwardian War (1337-1360), the Caroline War (1369-1389), and the Lancastrian War (1415-1429) - saw the development of new tactics and weaponry that revolutionised warfare during that time period. Timeline of the Hundred Years' War This is a timeline of the Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337 to 1453 as well as some of the events leading up to the war. (The Hundred Years' War actually spanned for 116 years.) Hundred Years' War Some historians use the term The Second Hundred Years' War as a periodisation to describe the series of military conflicts between Great Britain and France that occurred from about 1689 (or some say 1714) to 1815. Likewise, some historians refer to the Capetian–Plantagenet rivalry, series of conflicts and disputes that covered a period of 100 years (1159–1259) as The First Hundred Years War. Alberbury Priory Alberbury Priory was dissolved in 1441 when King Henry VI, who had seized the alien houses during the Hundred Years War, gave it as an endowment to All Souls' College, Oxford. Truce of Espléchin The Truce of Espléchin (1340) was a truce between the English and French crowns during the early phases of the Hundred Years' War. Warlus, Somme During the Hundred Years War, the English went through the territory (there's an 'English path' in Warlus woods) from Poix-de-Picardie to Airaines. Château de Tournoël In 1343, Hugues married Dauphine Rogier, the niece of Pope Clement VI and the sister of the future Pope Gregory XI. Thereby, Hugues became Rector of the Comtat Venaissin and Marshall of the Papal Court. In 1359, he was named Captain general of Basse-Auvergne and fought against England during the Hundred Years’ War. He died in 1398, with the title of Great Lord Chancellor of France. Cravant, Yonne In 1423, during the Hundred Years' War , it was the site of the Battle of Cravant between Anglo-Burgundian and Franco-Scots forces. Hugh Hastings II Hugh Hastings II (died 1369), Lord of Elsing, Brisley and Grimston, was an English soldier and noble. He fought in the Hundred Years' War.	The English and French fought from the mid-14th century well into the 15th century. The English king reigned over not only the British islands but in Normandy, France. (Read up on William the Conqueror for the story of how that came to be.) The result of this continental foothold meant that the English fought mostly in France, from Brittany to the south of France, and east towards Flanders. Fighting in this time was particularly brutal. "Men at Arms" were knights, wearing full suits of armor. Supporting these Men at Arms were crossbowman (on the French side) and archers, using the English War Bow, on the English side. The War Bow was an extremely powerful weapon.	open_qa
Who is Tom Billeter	Tom Billeter Tom Billeter (born February 12, 1961) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head coach at Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He previously has been the head coach at North Dakota State University, as well as holding assistant coaching roles at a number of NCAA Division I colleges. He led Augustana to the 2016 NCAA Division II national championship and was named the national coach of the year in that season. Tom Billeter After a year at St. John's, then five seasons as an assistant at Texas A&M, Billeter was hired as head coach at Augustana in 2003. After going 42–69 in his first four seasons, he then led the Vikings to three consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances from 2008 to 2010. Billeter received the Clarence Gaines Coach of the Year award in 2013. In the 2014–15 season, the Vikings went 31–3 but were knocked out of the 2015 NCAA tournament by Northwest Missouri in the second round. The Vikings avenged the loss the following season as they went 34–2 behind national player of the year Dan Jansen and won the school's first national championship. Billeter was named the national Division II coach of the year by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) at the conclusion of the season. Tom Billeter Billeter is from Byron, Illinois and obtained his undergraduate degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He began his coaching career as a high school coach, then made his entry into college coaching as an assistant to Lute Olson at Arizona. He then moved to Rice under Scott Thompson. He was hired as head coach of then-Division II North Dakota State, where he led the Bison to four consecutive 20-win seasons in his five seasons at the helm (from 1992 to 1997). He left the school, despite his success, to take an assistant coaching job at high profile Division I program St. John's. Joe Lombardi (basketball) Joe Lombardi (born November 7, 1959) is an American basketball coach currently the head coach for the Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) Crimson Hawks of Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference in NCAA Division II. Prior to taking the head coaching position at IUP, Lombardi served as an assistant coach, including a nine-year tenure at La Salle University and three season under Jamie Dixon at the University of Pittsburgh. In his fourth season with the Crimson Hawks in 2009–10, Lombardi led the team to the 2010 NCAA Men's Division II Basketball Championship where they were defeated by the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos. Following the season, Lomardi was named as the 2010 Basketball Times Division II National Coach of the Year. Tom Parrotta Tom Parrotta (born May 3, 1966) is an American college basketball coach, currently an assistant coach at Hofstra and former head men's basketball coach at Canisius College. Dan Monson Daniel Lloyd Monson (born October 6, 1961) is an American college basketball coach serving as the head coach at Long Beach State since April 2007. Previously he was head coach at Minnesota for over seven seasons (1999–2006), reaching postseason play five times. Before coaching the Gophers, he was the head coach at Gonzaga for two seasons, leading the Zags on an improbable run to the Elite Eight during his last season. Travis Ford Travis Ford (born December 29, 1969) is an American college basketball coach, who is currently the head coach of the Saint Louis Billikens men's basketball team. He was also previously the head coach at Campbellsville University, Eastern Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Oklahoma State. Prior to that, he played at the University of Missouri and the University of Kentucky. Billy Lange William Lange (born February 11, 1972) is an American college basketball coach, currently the men's head coach at Saint Joseph's University. He was previously an assistant head coach with the Philadelphia 76ers. Prior to joining the 76ers, he was the associate head coach at Villanova University and head coach of the Navy Midshipmen. Billy Donlon William Joseph Donlon (born February 10, 1977) is an American college basketball coach, currently an associate head coach at Clemson University. Paul Sather Paul Sather (born August 28, 1971) is an American college basketball coach, currently head men's basketball coach at the University of North Dakota.	Tom Billeter was born on February 12, 1961 and is an American college basketball coach, currently the head coach at Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He previously has been the head coach at North Dakota State University, as well as holding assistant coaching roles at a number of NCAA Division I colleges. He led Augustana to the 2016 NCAA Division II national championship and was named the national coach of the year in that season.	summarization
Which of the following items are types of books: novels, biographies, historical fiction, reference texts, graphic novels, newspapers, magazines, flyers, pamphlets, pocket dictionaries.	The Baby-Sitters Club Braden Lamb is the colorist for both The Baby-Sitters Club graphic novels and the Baby-Sitters Little Sister graphic novels. Gads Forlag He generally focusses on novels, biographies and books about history and culture. Gads Forlag is also the copublisher of Kraks Blå Bog. 2dcloud 2dcloud is a publisher of comic books, graphic novels and artist books based in Chicago. It was founded by Maggie Umber and Raighne Hogan in 2007. Spider-Man in literature Since the characters inception in the 1960s Spider-Man has appeared in multiple forms of media, including several novels, short stories, comic strips, graphic novels, light novels and children's books. François Jonquet He is a member of the International Association of Art Critics (AICA). His specialism as a writer is to alternate novels and biographies. Joyce Reason Joyce Reason (December 1894 - 18 September 1974) was a British author of missionary biographies and historical fiction for young readers. Time's List of the 10 Best Graphic Novels The Time<nowiki>'</nowiki>s List of the 10 Best Graphic Novels is an unranked list of the 10 best graphic novels published between 1938 and 2006. The list was compiled by Time Magazine critic Lev Grossman. Strobe Edge It was chosen as one of the Great Graphic Novels 2014 in the fiction section by the Young Adult Library Services Association and also as one of the 2014 Top Ten Great Graphic Novels for Teens in the fiction section. Stephen R. Lawhead Stephen R. Lawhead (born 2 July 1950) is a UK-based American writer known for his works of fantasy, science fiction, and historical fiction, particularly Celtic historical fiction. He has written over 28 novels and numerous children's and non-fiction books. Brian Michael Bendis In addition to writing comics, Bendis has worked in television, video games and film. He has also taught courses on graphic novels at University of Oregon and Portland State University. In 2014, Bendis wrote Words for Pictures: The Art and Business of Writing Comics and Graphic Novels, a book about comics published by Random House.	novels, biographies, historical fiction, reference texts, graphic novels, pocket dictionaries	classification
What are some defining qualities of authoritarianism?	Authoritarianism Minimally defined, an authoritarian government lacks free and competitive direct elections to legislatures, free and competitive direct or indirect elections for executives, or both. Broadly defined, authoritarian states include countries that lack civil liberties such as freedom of religion, or countries in which the government and the opposition do not alternate in power at least once following free elections. Authoritarian states might contain nominally democratic institutions such as political parties, legislatures and elections which are managed to entrench authoritarian rule and can feature fraudulent, non-competitive elections. Since 1946, the share of authoritarian states in the international political system increased until the mid-1970s but declined from then until the year 2000. Authoritarianism Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as hybrid democracies, hybrid regimes or competitive authoritarian states. Authoritarianism There is no one consensus definition of authoritarianism, but several annual measurements are attempted, including Freedom House's annual Freedom in the World report. Some countries such as Venezuela, among others, that are currently or historically recognized as authoritarian did not become authoritarian upon taking power or fluctuated between an authoritarian, flawed or illiberal-democratic regime. The time period reflects their time in power rather than the years they were authoritarian regimes. Some countries such as China and fascist regimes have also been characterized as totalitarian, with some periods being depicted as more authoritarian, or totalitarian, than others. The chiama no Mapinduzi would not enter this category as a hybrid democracy or the Botswana Democratic Party as a hybrid democracies. Authoritarianism The political scientist Juan Linz, in an influential 1964 work, An Authoritarian Regime: Spain, defined authoritarianism as possessing four qualities: Political strongman A strongman is a type of an authoritarian political leader. Political scientists Brian Lai and Dan Slater identify strongman rule as a form of authoritarian rule characterized by autocratic dictatorships depending on military enforcement, as distinct from three other categories of authoritarian rule, specifically machine (oligarchic party dictatorships); bossism (autocratic party dictatorships); and juntas (oligarchic military dictatorships). Hybrid regime Electoral authoritarianism means that democratic institutions are imitative and, due to numerous systematic violations of liberal democratic norms, in fact adhere to authoritarian methods. Electoral authoritarianism can be competitive and hegemonic, and the latter does not necessarily mean election irregularities. A. Schedler calls electoral authoritarianism a new form of authoritarian regime, not a hybrid regime or illiberal democracy. Moreover, a purely authoritarian regime does not need elections as a source of legitimacy while non-alternative elections, appointed at the request of the ruler, are not a sufficient condition for considering the regime conducting them to be hybrid. Delegative democracy When looking at authoritarianism, authoritarianism is a type of government that focuses on strong centralized powers, leaving the population to having limited political freedoms. Authoritarianism is seen as having four main qualities of limited political pluralism, political legitimacy based on lawmakers and politicians appealing to emotion, minimal mobilization within the political sphere and the suppression of anti-regime activities, and finally loosely defined executive powers that can lead to dictatorships at times. Elections in Cuba Political scientists do not consider elections in Cuba to be democratic. The electoral process is firmly controlled by authoritarian Cuban regime. Democratization Democratization, or democratisation, is the transition to a more democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction. It may be a hybrid regime in transition from an authoritarian regime to a full democracy, a transition from an authoritarian political system to a semi-democracy or transition from a semi-authoritarian political system to a democratic political system. Political psychology The authoritarian personality is a syndrome theory that was developed by the researchers Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswick, Levinson and Sanford (1950) at The University of California. The American Jewish Committee subsidized research and publishing on the theory since it revolved around ideas developed from World War II events. Adorno (1950) explained the authoritarian personality type from a psychoanalytic point of view suggesting it to be a result of highly controlled and conventional parenting. Adorno (1950) explained that individuals with an authoritarian personality type had been stunted in terms of developing an ability to control the sexual and aggressive id impulses. This resulted in a fear of them and thus development of defense mechanisms to avoid confronting them. Authoritarian personality types are persons described as swinging between depending on yet resenting authority. The syndrome was theorized to encompass nine characteristics; conventionalism, authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, anti-intraception (an opposition to subjective or imaginative tendencies), superstition and stereotypy, power and toughness, destructiveness and cynicism, sex obsession, and projectivity. The authoritarian personality type is suggested to be; ethnocentric, ego-defensive, mentally rigid, conforming and conventional, adverse to the out of the ordinary, and as having conservative political views. The book The Authoritarian Personality (1950) introduces several scales based on different authoritarian personality types. These are; the F-scale which measures from where and to what degree fascist attitudes develop, the anti-Semitism scale, the ethnocentrism scale and the politico economic conservatism scale. The F-scale however, is the only scale that is expected to measure implicit authoritarian personality tendencies.	1. Limited political pluralism or outright rejection of political pluralism. 2. Lack of civil liberties 3. Lack of free, fair and competitive elections 4. So-called democratic institutions corrupted by authoritarian rule 5. Use of election tactics such as spreading misinformation, politicizing independent institutions, quashing dissent, engaging in culture wars, targeting vulnerable communities, stoking violence, and aggrandizing executive power. 6. Use of a strong central power to preserve the political status quo at the cost of basic democratic ideals such as the rule of law, separation of powers, and voting rights.	summarization
What is Ayurveda?	Ayurveda Ayurveda () is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. The theory and practice of Ayurveda is pseudoscientific. Ayurveda is heavily practiced in India and Nepal, where around 80% of the population report using it. MD (Ayurveda) M.D.(Doctor of Medicine in Ayurveda) or Ayurveda Vachaspati is the three-year master's course in the Indian medical system of Ayurveda. MD/MS (Ayurveda) is offered in many medical colleges in India and Sri Lanka. The selection to the MD/MS (Ayurveda) course is generally done by a competitive National level written entrance examination which is called AIAPGET - All India AYUSH Post Graduate Entrance Test, which is open to candidates with BAMS. Ayurveda Day In 2022, the All India Institute of Ayurveda, Delhi launched the 'Har Din Har Ghar Ayurveda Quiz' on the MyGov platform to create awareness about Ayurveda. In 2022, it was celebrated on 23 October. In 2021, the day was celebrated with a theme titled 'Ayurveda for Poshan (Nutrition) on November 2, 2021, to promote the Ayurvedic principles of wellness and healing. Ayurveda Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine developed during antiquity and the medieval period, and as such is comparable to pre-modern Chinese and European systems of medicine. In the 1960s, Ayurveda began to be advertised as alternative medicine in the Western world. Due to different laws and medical regulations around the globe, the expanding practice and commercialisation of Ayurveda raised ethical and legal issues. Through well-understood processes of modernization and globalization, Ayurveda was adapted for Western consumption, notably by Baba Hari Dass in the 1970s and by Maharishi Ayurveda in the 1980s. In some cases, this involved active fraud on the part of proponents of Ayurveda in an attempt to falsely represent the system as equal to the standards of modern medical research. Ayurveda Day Ayurveda Day, also known as National Ayurveda Day, is observed every year in India and worldwide on the occasion of the birthday of Dhanvantari, the Hindu god of medicine. The Puranas mentioned him as the god of Ayurveda. In 2016, the Government of India's Ministry of AYUSH declared the birth anniversary of Dhanvantari as National Ayurveda Day. The first Ayurveda Day was first celebrated on 28 October 2016. Bachelor of Ayurveda, Medicine and Surgery Ayurveda is a type of alternative medicine, and the study of Ayurveda is pseudoscientific while the practice can be classified as protoscience or unscientific. Ayurveda Day National Ayurveda Day was first observed in India on the 28th October 2016 to mark the day of Dhanwantri Jayanti (Dhanteras). It is observed to promote and globalise Ayurveda as one of the most ancient and holistic approaches to medicine globally. Various education institutes, colleges and hospitals organise free health camps and provide free medicines to celebrate Ayurveda Day. Acharya Pratishtha International Ayurveda Samman - She was awarded with “International Ayurveda Samman” by Association of Ayurvedic Physician, GOM, Mauritus. Agni (Ayurveda) Further, Ayurveda recognizes four functional states of Agni: Samāgni(regular), Vişamāgni (irregular), Tīkşņāgni(intense), and Mandāgni(weak). Elookkara Isha Ayurveda provides Ayurvedic treatments at Elookkara. Isha Ayurveda is a joint venture with Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (Coimbatore) Ltd.	Ayurveda is a natural system of medicine that originated in India more than 3,000 years ago. The term Ayurveda is derived from the Sanskrit words ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge). Thus, Ayurveda translates to knowledge of life. Based on the idea that disease is due to an imbalance or stress in a person's consciousness, Ayurveda encourages certain lifestyle interventions and natural therapies to regain a balance between the body, mind, spirit, and the environment.	general_qa
What is skydiving?	National Skydiving Museum The purpose of the International Skydiving Museum & Hall of Fame is to recognize and promote the sport of skydiving and the parachute industry through public education and awareness; recognize the contribution to skydiving by its participants, suppliers, and supporters; capture forever the history of the sport and the industry via its events, equipment, and personalities; and enhance aviation safety as it pertains to skydiving. Sport in India Sky-diving is a little new sport in India. Due to exposure of online media and television, this sport became well known in past some decades. India have some private institutes or Sky diving operators across the nation, who provides services to enthusiasts who want to do skydiving. In Maharashtra adventure seekers do skydiving at Aamby valley, Tourist can experience this sport throughout year here. It is the best place for Tandem jump or Tandem skydiving. This skydiving place is present 3 hr away from Mumbai. Similarly skydiving companies or spots are present Hyderabad in Telangana, skydiving companies organise the driving camps regularly. In Tamilnadu's Pondicherry skydiving operators offers static as well as Tandem jump. Other skydiving spots include Mysore, Bir Billing of Himachal Pradesh. The later is the hotspot for adventure enthusiasts in this nation. Formation skydiving Formation skydiving is a skydiving event where multiple skydivers attach themselves to one another by grabbing each other's limbs or by the use of grippers on their jumpsuit while free falling through the sky. The goal of this skydiving program is to build a formation of multiple divers arranged in a geometric pattern. Tandem skydiving Tandem skydiving is a very popular training method for first time skydivers, but it is more expensive than a static line. It exposes first-time jumpers to skydiving with minimal expectations from the student. The training may consist of many of the activities performed by any skydiving student, for example, how to exit the aircraft, how to do maneuvers in freefall, and how to deploy the main canopy themselves. However, the tandem master remains primarily responsible for safe and timely [parachute] deployment. Tandem skydiving is very safe, with a student fatality rate of one per 500,000 tandem jumps over the past ten years. Peronne-St Quentin Airfield Today the skydiving dropzone of Paris is hosted here. Many skydiving clubs like Saut en Parachute Paris are using this dropzone for their activities. On a yearly basis, there are between 30.000 and 40.000 skydiving jumps, including tandem, PAC (the French AFF course) and individual solo jumps. Macarthur, New South Wales Sydney Skydivers is Australia's largest multi-state skydive operator in Australia and operates a Skydiving Centre off the Hume Highway junction off Picton. This Skydiving Centre is the closest self-contained Skydiving Centre near Sydney that does tandem and various other forms of skydiving. Freestyle skydiving Freestyle skydiving is a competitive skydiving discipline where one member of a two-person team performs acrobatic manoeuvres in free fall while the other one films the performance from a close distance using a helmet-mounted camera. Freestyle skydiving A number of competitions based on indoor skydiving have emerged, such as the FAI World Cup of Indoor Skydiving since 2015 and the Windoor Wind Games since 2014. There are also efforts underway to bring Bodyflying to the Olympics. Mother City SkyDiving - Cape Town The drop zone provides a service for experienced sport skydivers, and offers Tandem Introductory Skydiving. World Cup of Indoor Skydiving World Cup of Indoor Skydiving is a biennial indoor skydiving competition organised by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.	Skydiving is considering a thrill seeking opportunity. It can be classified as a risky sport because every safety check and setup has to be 100% perfect in order to execute the skydiving perfectly each time. If something does go wrong or you miss a safety check injury or death can occur. That is why its important to triple check all your gear and equipment before skydiving or have an expert who has 1000's of jumps check your gear for you. Skydiving is considered fun for some and scare for others. If you are risk-averse you can consider this sport as a new opportunity for fun and enjoyment	open_qa
What do I need to learn how to knit?	I Need You (Maurice White song) The single's B-side was Believe in Magic. Both I Need You and Believe in Magic came from Maurice White's 1985 self-titled album. All I Need (Radiohead song) All I Need is a song by English alternative rock band Radiohead, produced by Nigel Godrich. It was released as a promotional single on 5 January 2009, from their seventh studio album, In Rainbows (2007). All I Need is a downbeat track which sees frontman Thom Yorke singing of obsession and unrequited love. I Need to Wake Up Etheridge received the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song for I Need to Wake Up. Upon receiving the award, she noted in her acceptance speech: For Now (album) The album was supported by seven singles: Dawning, In the Air, For Now, Break Me Do I Need You Now?, The End, and Time & Money. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Frances Cannon “I think my art and my feminism sustain each other. It sounds a bit weird, but I think that’s a big thing. Like, I’ll make a drawing and it’ll be really positive with a feminist message and I will learn from that. Sometimes I’ll make drawings without even properly thinking about it. Later, I’ll look at it and think, 'oh, I need to do that!' or 'I need to think that about myself.' Knitting In the simplest of hand-knitted fabrics, every row of stitches are all knit (or all purl); this creates a garter stitch fabric. Alternating rows of all knit stitches and all purl stitches creates a stockinette pattern/stocking stitch. Vertical stripes (ribbing) are possible by having alternating wales of knit and purl stitches. For example, a common choice is 2x2 ribbing, in which two wales of knit stitches are followed by two wales of purl stitches, etc. Horizontal striping (welting) is also possible, by alternating rows of knit and purl stitches. Checkerboard patterns (basketweave) are also possible, the smallest of which is known as seed/moss stitch: the stitches alternate between knit and purl in every wale and along every row. I Knit London I Knit London (often shortened to I Knit or IKL) is a knitting organisation based in London, England, UK, comprising a knitting group, knitting shop and knitting events. I Knit London was formed in December 2005, and is run, by Gerard Allt (b. Liverpool, UK, 9 July 1973) and Craig Carruthers (b. Carlisle, UK, 21 March 1973). Study skills The weakness of rote learning is that it implies a passive reading and listening style. Educators such as John Dewey have argued that students need to learn critical thinking – questioning and weighing up evidence as they learn. This can be done during lectures or when reading books. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig.	To learn to knit you will need a few basic knitting supplies. First, you will need some yarn, knitting needles, and if you’d like, a pattern. Knitting needles come in many sizes so if you plan to make a specific pattern follow the pattern instructions. You begin knitting by casting on a certain amount of stitches, then follow the pattern for specific knit or purl stitches.	general_qa
Write a letter to my boss that convinces them that I deserve a raise.	My Boss The film is inspired from the American film The Proposal (2009) starring Ryan Reynolds and Sandra Bullock, which included various dialogues and plot twists which adapted into the film 'My Boss'. You're My Boss You're My Boss is a 2015 Filipino romantic comedy film written and directed by Antoinette Jadaone starring Toni Gonzaga and Coco Martin. It was released on April 4, 2015, by Star Cinema. You Deserve a Drink You Deserve a Drink: Boozy Misadventures and Tales of Debauchery is a memoir and cookbook written by YouTube personality and comedian Mamrie Hart. The book was published by Plume and released on May 26, 2015. Occupational English Test The task is to write a letter, usually a referral letter. Sometimes, especially for some professions, a different type of letter is required: e.g. a letter of transfer or discharge, or a letter to advise or inform a patient, carer, or group. My Boss Sify.com gave the verdict Masala Entertainer and said, With a brisk pace that barely gives much time to think, My Boss could be an entertaining affair, especially if you are not too bothered about the film’s inspirations and other nuances. This one is perhaps not meant to be taken too seriously and better enjoy this with a pack of popcorn! The film is a copy of the Hollywood film The Proposal (2009) that had Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds in the lead. Letter to Me Paisley was inspired to write Letter to Me after his wife, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, was asked in 2007 to write for a book entitled What I Know Now: Letters to My Younger Self. Upon hearing of the book, he thought that the concept of writing a letter to his younger self would be a good idea for a country song. According to him, it took most of a week to write the song, as he would constantly change the lyrics and write a new letter every month. Colony (short story) The ultimate in paranoia is not when everyone is against you but when everything is against you. Instead of My boss is plotting against me, it would be My boss's phone is plotting against me. Objects sometimes seem to possess a will of their own anyhow, to the normal mind; they don't do what they're supposed to do, they get in the way, they show an unnatural resistance to change. In this story I tried to figure out a situation which would rationally explain the dire plotting of objects against humans, without reference to any deranged state on the part of the humans. I guess you'd have to go to another planet. The ending of this story is the ultimate victory of a plotting object over innocent people. A (Mongolic) A is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Ja (Mongolic) Ja is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages. Qa (Mongolic) Qa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.	Hey boss, its me. We have worked hard over these past few periods, and while I look back fondly on our memories, I have an ask of you. You see, given how much I have sacrificed to deliver the results you have demanded over the past fiscal cycle, and we surpassed our goals, I was thinking perhaps you could show your appreciation with an reasonable increase in salary? Thank you for your consideration, and I look forward to surpassing our goals together in the future.	creative_writing
What is the best kind of shade tree for a backyard in growing region 6?	Shade tree There are a few factors to consider when choosing a shade tree: deciduousness, coverage, longevity, and the ability of the roots to damage foundations. Shade trees can enhance the privacy of a garden, patio, or back yard, by obstructing the view of outsiders. A disadvantage is that in cool climates, an abundance of shade trees may lead to a dank environment in any nearby buildings or gardens. Shade trees must not be planted near chimneys as flying fire sparks can ignite tree branches which could cause rapidly expanding fires. Shade tree A shade tree is a large tree whose primary role is to provide shade in the surrounding environment due to its spreading canopy and crown, where it may give shelter from sunlight in the heat of the summer for people who seek recreational needs in urban parks and house yards, and thus, also protecting them from the sun's harmful UV rays and sunburns. Therefore, some shade trees may be grown specifically for the comfort of the population due to their convenient shelter. Growing region A growing region is an area suited by climate and soil conditions to the cultivation of a certain type of crop or plant group. Acacia maranoensis It can be used as a street tree and shade tree that has a fast growth rate and is tolerant of a light frost and drought. It can grow in a range of soils including soils that are mildly acidic or alkaline or enriched that are dry for extended periods to infrequently flooded. Senna siamea It is a medium-size, evergreen tree growing up to with yellow flowers. It is often used as shade tree in cocoa, coffee and tea plantations. In Thailand it is the provincial tree of Chaiyaphum Province and some places in the country are named after it. Gmelina leichhardtii This tree is well suited to parks and large gardens. Gmelina leichhardtii is also seen as a shade tree in farms in former rainforest areas. Shade tree Some of the most popular shade trees in temperate countries are oaks, plane trees, willows, birches, beeches, maples, ashes, lindens, and elms. In subtropical countries like Australia and India, figs are popular choices as shade trees. In tropical countries, trees such as some Erythrina and African tulip tree species are often planted as shade trees. Mexican ironwood carvings Olneya tesota is a slow growing important shade tree in northwest Mexico and the southwest U.S. The wood it produces is very dense and sinks in water. Traditionally, people used it for firewood and charcoal, and some carving. Backyard ultra The longest distance recorded by a female competitor in a backyard ultra event is 68 laps by Courtney Dauwalter at Big's Backyard Ultra in October 2020. In May 2019, Katie Wright became the first woman to win a backyard ultra event running in 30 hours during an event in New Zealand. She beat 5 other women and 40 men to emerge victoriously. Then, Maggie Guterl went on to win the Big's Backyard Ultra covering more than 402 km in 60 loops. Erythrina fusca The easy-to-grow and attractive flowering tree is cultivated as an ornamental shade and hedge plant. It is a common shade tree in cacao plantations. It attracts hummingbirds, which pollinate its flowers.	There are many great trees homeowners in growing region 6 may want to consider for their backyard depending on their priorities. First, the two main types of trees are deciduous, trees that lose their leaves each winter, and evergreen, which retain their foliage year round. Many of the most popular shade trees are deciduous trees, however there are some great evergreen options as well. Starting with deciduous trees, there are flowering trees and traditional shade trees. Of the traditional shade trees, you may want to consider maples and oaks, of which there are many varieties. Red maples grow a bit slower than silver maples, but have hardier bark, beautiful red leaves in the fall, and a more pleasing traditional branching habit that many prefer vs, Silver maples. Sugar maples growth slower still, but are beautiful, prized trees that turn glowing orange in the fall and produce the sap used in maple syrup come spring. These trees can be 40-70 feet tall at maturity. Oaks are incredibly beautiful trees that are typically a little slower growing than maples, but have strong bark, enabling them to survive harsher conditions and have a long lifespan. They can handle being used as street trees as they do fine with moderate pollution levels and salt from de-icing. You really can't go wrong with maples or oaks as a summer shade tree, with their tall canopies providing wonderful shade once their leaves fill in during the spring. Some popular flowering options that provide ample shade include cherry and magnolia trees, both of which have beautiful showy spring flowers and reach a height of 20-60 feet at maturity depending on which of the many variants you choose (be careful with this as some are best suited to warmer climates and don't tolerate the cold as well). For evergreens, the options are a bit more limited as many of these trees have low canopies that extend all the way to the ground. Many species of spruce and fir tree can have their canopies raised as they mature, creating space underneath for shade. Some pine trees have ample canopy under them, however their thin needle density can limit the amount of shade they provide. Whichever you ultimately choose, Shade trees add a ton of value to a home and are a great investment. Consider working with an arborist to make the decision based on your lighting and soil conditions. Enlisting a professional's help with planting will ensure your new tree is set up to grow healthy and strong.	general_qa
What's the best country in the world?	Brad Paisley At the 2006 Grammy Awards, Paisley received four nominations: Best Country Album (for Time Well Wasted), Best Country Song (for Alcohol), Best Country Instrumental (for Time Warp) and Best Country Vocal, Male (for Alcohol). Sanilac/GB Broadcasting WBGV is an ABC Radio Today's Best Country (formerly The Best Country Around) station, owned by GB Broadcasting. GB's President is George Benko V, and Country 92.5 signed on in 1999. WBGV is the only station completely owned by GB Broadcasting, and is licensed to the city of Marlette, Michigan What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in Folktales of Greece. Peter Munya As Meru Governor, Munya was credited with running the best up country fire department in the country, second only to the County of Mombasa's. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Who's Who In The Wrestling World - And Why? Who's Who In The Wrestling World – And Why? is a 1927 short Australian film. It was a 20-minute send up of wrestling. It was made by Al Daff who went on to become one of the most successful Australian-born film executives of all time. Toni-Ann Singh She was subsequently asked, Who is the most inspiring woman in the world for you? to which she expressed: Ed Hill In 2012, Hill was nominated for a Grammy Award in the Best Country Song category for Just Fishin' written with Casey Beathard and Monty Criswell. Brazil Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world, and third largest in the Americas, with a total area of , including of water. Brazil is also the longest country in the world, spanning 4,395 km (2,731 mi) from north to south, and the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn running through it. World's Best Donuts In 1997, The New York Times mentioned World's Best Donuts, saying, This really is The World's Best Donut.	There is no single answer. The United States of America has the largest economy of any country, but Qatar has the highest GDP per capita. Finland, on the other hand, is the happiest country in the world. Russia is the largest country by landmass. Many consider New Zealand to be the most beautiful country. Which country is best depends on what you are looking for.	general_qa
In my upcoming trip across Europe I'm planning to visit the following countries: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. Are all of them part of the Schengen area?	Hungary–Romania border The Hungary–Romania border is an internal border of the European Union. However, as of , Romania is not a part of the Schengen Area. Mária Valéria Bridge As Slovakia and Hungary are part of the Schengen Area there are no border controls on the bridge. Both countries became part of the Schengen Area on 12 December 2007, allowing all immigration and customs checks to be lifted. Schengen Area The influx of refugees and migrants from Greece through North Macedonia and Serbia to Croatia and then to current Schengen member states like Slovenia, Austria and Hungary, as part of the 2015 European migrant crisis, led some to question whether there would be the political consensus necessary for further enlargement of the Schengen Area. In 2015, Hungary and Slovenia threatened to veto Croatia's accession to the Schengen Area. Visa policy of the Schengen Area The Schengen Area consists of 22 EU member states and four non-EU countries that are members of EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania, while EU members, are not yet part of the Schengen Area but, nonetheless, have a visa policy that is partially based on the Schengen acquis. Stenurella melanura It is present in Portugal, Spain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Austria, Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. Elegia fallax Elegia fallax is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is known from Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Greece. It has also been recorded from the Channel Islands in 2005. Protection of Czechoslovak borders during the Cold War The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, and Austria are now all part of the Schengen Agreement, which allows border crossing without identity checks. Roštiljijada In addition to guests from Serbia, many visitors from abroad visit festival as well mostly from Slovenia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, Hungary, Romania and France. Władysław Studnicki In Political System of Europe and Poland (System polityczny Europy a Polska), Studnicki wrote: Poland and Germany can become the foundation of a large Central European bloc, together with Austria, Hungary, Czech, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Turkey, Greece and the Baltic states: altogether, 200 million people. Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands are not part of the Schengen Area. However, persons travelling between the Faroe Islands and the Schengen Area are not subject to border controls, although there may be identity checks when checking in for flights.	Most of them are, but not all. Romania and Bulgaria are the two exceptions.	classification
What is the oldest known civilization?	Cradle of civilization Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization. Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient India, and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in the Old World. Cradles of civilization in the New World are the Caral-Supe civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico. All of the cradles of civilization depended upon agriculture for subsistence (except possibly Caral-Supe which may have depended initially on marine resources). All depended upon farmers producing an agricultural surplus to support the centralized government, political leaders, priests, and public works of the urban centers of the civilization. History of the Americas In the late Archaic, on the north-central coastal region of Peru, a complex civilization arose which has been termed the Norte Chico civilization, also known as Caral-Supe. It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas and one of the six sites where civilization originated independently and indigenously in the ancient world, flourishing between the 30th and 18th centuries BC. It pre-dated the Mesoamerican Olmec civilization by nearly two millennia. It was contemporaneous with the Egypt following the unification of its kingdom under Narmer and the emergence of the first Egyptian hieroglyphics. Cradle of civilization Less formally, the term cradle of civilization is often used to refer to other historic civilizations, such as notably Greece, which has been called the cradle of Western civilization. Pre-Columbian era On the north-central coast of present-day Peru, Norte Chico or Caral (as known in Peru) was a civilization that emerged around 3000 BCE (contemporary with urbanism's rise in Mesopotamia). It had a cluster of large-scale urban settlements of which the Sacred City of Caral, in the Supe valley, is one of the largest and best studied site. The civilization had no knowledge of machinery or pottery but still managed to develop trade, especially cotton and dehydrated fish. It was a hierarchical society that managed its ecosystems and had intercultural exchange. Its economy was heavily dependent on agriculture and fishing on the nearby coast. It is considered one of the cradles of civilization in the world and Caral is the oldest known civilization in the Americas. Liao civilization Since it was contemporaneous with the Yellow River civilization and Yangtze civilization, it is thought to have influenced ancient Chinese culture. Yangtze civilization Yangtze civilization () is a generic name for various ancient Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures from the Yangtze basin of China, the representative civilization of the Chinese alongside the Yellow River civilization. Sumer Sumer () is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. It is one of the cradles of civilization in the world, along with ancient Egypt, Elam, the Caral-Supe civilization, Mesoamerica, the Indus Valley civilisation, and ancient China. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, the surplus from which enabled them to form urban settlements. Proto-writing dates back before 3000 BC. The earliest texts come from the cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3500 and c. 3000 BC. River valley civilization A river valley civilization is an agricultural nation or civilization situated beside and drawing sustenance from a river. A civilization means a society with large permanent settlements featuring urban development, social stratification, specialization of labour, centralized organization, and written or other formal means of communication. A river gives the inhabitants a reliable source of water for drinking and agriculture. Additional benefits include fishing, fertile soil due to annual flooding, and ease of transportation. The first great civilizations, such as those in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, all grew up in river valleys. Mesopotamian civilization flourished near the Tigris River and the civilization of Egypt flourished near the river Nile. Indigenous peoples of Peru The Norte Chico civilization of Peru is the oldest known civilization in the Americas and one of the six sites where civilization, including the development of agriculture and government, separately originated in the ancient world. The sites, located north of Lima, developed a trade between coastal fisherman and cotton growers and built monumental pyramids around the 30th century BCE. Civilization (2002 board game) Sid Meier's Civilization: The Boardgame is a 2002 board game created by Glenn Drover based on the Civilization series of video games, in particular, Civilization III. Drover himself was a sales manager at Microprose during the original development of Civilization, though he was not directly involved in the creation of the video game.	The oldest known human civilizations are known to exist in Mesopotamia (Modern day Iraq), Indus Valley (a region located in modern-day Pakistan), Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.	closed_qa
Classify each of the following as either titles by George R.R. Martin or Robert Jordan: A Game of Thrones, Dying of the Light, The Armageddon Rag, A Storm of Swords, A Song for Lya, The Great Hunt, Towers of Midnight, Lord of Chaos, A Crown of Swords, Crossroads of Twilight	A Crown of Swords A Crown of Swords is a fantasy novel by American author Robert Jordan, the seventh book of The Wheel of Time. It was published by Tor Books and released on May 15, 1996. A Crown of Swords consists of a prologue and 41 chapters. A Song for Lya (novella) A Song For Lya is a science fiction novella by American writer George R.R. Martin. It was published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact magazine in 1974 and won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1975. It was also nominated for the 1975 Nebula Award for Best Novella and Jupiter Award for Best Novella, and took second place in the Locus Poll. A Storm of Swords A Storm of Swords is the third of seven planned novels in A Song of Ice and Fire, a fantasy series by American author George R. R. Martin. It was first published on August 8, 2000, in the United Kingdom, with a United States edition following in November 2000. Its publication was preceded by a novella called Path of the Dragon, which collects some of the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel into a single book. Towers of Midnight Towers of Midnight is a fantasy novel by Robert Jordan and Brandon Sanderson. It is the sequel to the novel The Gathering Storm, and the 13th book in the Wheel of Time series. A Song for Lya A Song for Lya is the first collection of stories by science fiction and fantasy writer George R. R. Martin, published as a paperback original by Avon Books in 1976. It was reprinted by different publishers in 1978 and in 2001. The title is sometimes rendered A Song for Lya and Other Stories. A Song for Lya won the 1977 Locus Poll as the year's best story collection. A Game of Thrones (board game) A Game of Thrones is a strategy board game created by Christian T. Petersen and published by Fantasy Flight Games in 2003. The game is based on the A Song of Ice and Fire series of high fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin. It was followed in 2004 by the expansion A Clash of Kings, and in 2006 by the expansion A Storm of Swords. Tywin Lannister Tywin Lannister is a fictional character in the fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire by American novelist George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. He is introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996) and subsequently appears in A Clash of Kings (1998) and A Storm of Swords (2000). Tywin was portrayed by British actor Charles Dance in the HBO series, to critical acclaim. Dying of the Light (Martin novel) Martin's first novel, Dying of the Light is set in the same fictional Thousand Worlds universe as several of his other works, including Sandkings, Nightflyers, A Song for Lya, The Way of Cross and Dragon and the stories collected in Tuf Voyaging. The novel's title is drawn from Dylan Thomas' 1947 poem Do not go gentle into that good night. Gregor Clegane Gregor Clegane, nicknamed The Mountain That Rides or simply The Mountain, is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation Game of Thrones. In the books, the character is initially introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones. He subsequently appeared in A Clash of Kings (1998), A Storm of Swords (2000) and in A Dance with Dragons (2011). Joffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its HBO television adaptation Game of Thrones. Introduced in 1996's A Game of Thrones, he subsequently appears in A Clash of Kings (1998) and A Storm of Swords (2000).	George R.R. Martin: A Game of Thrones, Dying of the Light, The Armageddon Rag, A Storm of Swords, A Song for Lya Robert Jordan: The Great Hunt, Towers of Midnight, Lord of Chaos, A Crown of Swords, Crossroads of Twilight	classification
What was the first commercial relational database product launched in the market?	Alpha (programming language) The Alpha language was the original database language proposed by Edgar F. Codd, the inventor of the relational database approach. It was defined in Codd's 1971 paper A Data Base Sublanguage Founded on the Relational Calculus. Alpha influenced the design of QUEL. It was eventually supplanted by SQL (which is however based on the relational algebra defined by Codd in Relational Completeness of Data Base Sublanguages), which IBM developed for its first commercial relational database product. Relational database A relational database is a (most commonly digital) database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system (RDBMS). Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using the SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and maintaining the database. Distributional–relational database A distributional–relational database, or word-vector database, is a database management system (DBMS) that uses distributional word-vector representations to enrich the semantics of structured data. Object–relational database An object–relational database (ORD), or object–relational database management system (ORDBMS), is a database management system (DBMS) similar to a relational database, but with an object-oriented database model: objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported in database schemas and in the query language. In addition, just as with pure relational systems, it supports extension of the data model with custom data types and methods. Multics Relational Data Store The Multics Relational Data Store, or MRDS for short, was the first commercial relational database management system. It was written in PL/1 by Honeywell for the Multics operating system and first sold in June 1976. Unlike the SQL systems that emerged in the late 1970s and early 80's, MRDS used a command language only for basic data manipulation, equivalent to the codice_1 or codice_2 statements in SQL. Other operations, like creating a new database, or general file management, required the use of a separate command program. Object–relational database Many of the ideas of early object–relational database efforts have largely become incorporated into SQL:1999 via structured types. In fact, any product that adheres to the object-oriented aspects of SQL:1999 could be described as an object–relational database management product. For example, IBM Db2, Oracle database, and Microsoft SQL Server, make claims to support this technology and do so with varying degrees of success. Relational database The relational database was first defined in June 1970 by Edgar Codd, of IBM's San Jose Research Laboratory. Codd's view of what qualifies as an RDBMS is summarized in Codd's 12 rules. A relational database has become the predominant type of database. Other models besides the relational model include the hierarchical database model and the network model. DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA) is a database interoperability standard from The Open Group. Relational database An alternative definition for a relational database management system is a database management system (DBMS) based on the relational model. Most databases in widespread use today are based on this model. Oracle Data Mining Oracle Corporation has implemented a variety of data mining algorithms inside its Oracle Database relational database product. These implementations integrate directly with the Oracle database kernel and operate natively on data stored in the relational database tables. This eliminates the need for extraction or transfer of data into standalone mining/analytic servers. The relational database platform is leveraged to securely manage models and to efficiently execute SQL queries on large volumes of data. The system is organized around a few generic operations providing a general unified interface for data-mining functions. These operations include functions to create, apply, test, and manipulate data-mining models. Models are created and stored as database objects, and their management is done within the database - similar to tables, views, indexes and other database objects.	Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. It was the first RDBMS product commercially available in the market in the year 1979.	open_qa
Given this article on Donkey Kong Country 2, who is the villain of the plot and where does the story take place?	Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest Some time after Donkey Kong Country, Donkey Kong is relaxing on the beach, until he is ambushed by the Kremlings. He gets kidnapped and brought to Kaptain K. Rool, King K. Rool's moniker in this game, who then demands the Banana Hoard he unsuccessfully tried to steal in the previous game for a ransom from the Kongs. Instead of complying, Diddy Kong and his friend Dixie resolve to go to the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle, to rescue Donkey Kong. Together, they travel through Crocodile Isle and are helped on their way by an assortment of animals to defeat Kaptain K. Rool. Diddy and Dixie eventually battle and defeat K. Rool, releasing Donkey Kong in the process. K. Rool manages to escape though, and shortly after, Diddy and Dixie confront him in the Lost World, a secret area powered by a geyser at the heart of Crocodile Isle. They once again defeat K. Rool, who is hurled into the geyser, causing it to clog up and explode. The explosion causes all of Crocodile Isle to sink, as the Kongs watch K. Rool escape on a small sailboat. King K. Rool In Donkey Kong Country 2, K. Rool is given the Kaptain moniker and kidnaps Donkey Kong. He wears a pirate costume resembling that of real pirates during the Elizabethan era, complete with a large, black bicorne hat, frock coat, and a blunderbuss as his weapon of choice. This disguise complements the pirate motif of Donkey Kong Country 2. The Kongs confront Kaptain K. Rool aboard the Flying Krock, a crocodile-shaped aircraft that hovers above Crocodile Isle. During this battle, they must avoid an onslaught of cannonballs and toxic gases that can either reverse the player's controls, slow them down, or briefly stun them. To damage K. Rool, the player must jam his blunderbuss with cannonballs while he uses the firearm's vacuum function. Twice during the battle, K. Rool falls unconscious as Donkey Kong tries to escape being tied up, only for K. Rool to revive and scare him away. The third time K. Rool collapses, DK finally wriggles free and sends him flying with a punch. King K. Rool Following the events of Donkey Kong Country 2, K. Rool goes into hiding due to the destruction of Crocodile Isle. This time he kidnaps both Donkey Kong and Diddy Kong, imprisons the Queen Banana Bird, and heads to the Northern Kremisphere. Here he resides in Kastle Kaos, and takes on the role of a helipack-wearing mad scientist, aptly named Baron K. Roolenstein. He tricks the heroes Dixie Kong and Kiddy Kong into believing that he has been defeated and KAOS—a Frankenstein-esque robot—is responsible for kidnapping the other Kongs. Once they reach the castle, they are shocked to learn that K. Rool has been the true mastermind behind the plot. He states that, I'd have gotten away with it, if it weren't for you meddling kids, a reference to Scooby-Doo. Donkey Kong Land Mischievously, Cranky taunts the Kongs that they could not replicate the success of their past game on a monochrome handheld, causing Donkey Kong and Diddy to accept his challenge. Cranky explains that by the following day, he will have called King K. Rool and his Kremlings to steal Donkey Kong's bananas and scatter them across Donkey Kong Island. Determined to prove Cranky wrong, Donkey and Diddy head out to defeat K. Rool and the Kremlings. The duo eventually reach Big Ape City, where they ultimately defeat K. Rool in his penthouse. King K. Rool Kaptain K. Rool is fought a second time in Krocodile Kore, a volcano located in the Lost World of Crocodile Isle. To gain access to this level, players must collect every bonus token and present them to Klubba, a muscular Kremling who guards the Lost World, which is heavily implied to be the Kremlings' place of origin. After K. Rool is defeated once more, a cutscene takes place showing Crocodile Isle exploding against a sunset, with the Kong family observing K. Rool escape on a sailboat from a nearby cliff. King K. Rool King K. Rool appears in Donkey Kong Country as the final boss. Here he steals the Kongs' banana hoard and must be fought on his pirate ship, Gangplank Galleon. This ship later appears as the introduction stage of Donkey Kong Country 2, and again as a sunken ship in Donkey Kong 64. During this battle, K. Rool attempts to punish the Kongs by running into them, jumping on them from above, tossing his crown, and summoning a downpour of cannonballs, presumably from the ship's mast. Halfway through the battle, K. Rool feigns defeat, causing the game's Kredits to roll. This is an attempt to deceive the player, as he gets back up soon after and must be jumped on a few more times before the battle truly ends. Donkey Kong Donkey Kong Country was the first fully new entry in the series for 10 years. Released in November 1994 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), and developed by British game developer Rare, the game took the Donkey Kong series in a new direction, becoming a showcase title to show off then-revolutionary computer-generated imagery (CGI) graphics. It was released mere months after the original game's Game Boy remake, which introduced the red tie worn by Donkey Kong. In Donkey Kong Country, the original Donkey Kong's grandson, also called Donkey Kong, is the hero and he and his sidekick Diddy Kong have to save his hoard of bananas from the thieving King K. Rool and his Kremling Krew. It is an action side-scrolling game similar to the Mario series and was enormously popular for its graphics, music, and gameplay. The sequel, involves Diddy and his girlfriend Dixie Kong embarking on a journey to Crocodile Isle to rescue DK from the clutches of K. Rool. In both DK and Diddy are captured again by a mysterious robot named KAOS⁠—who is, in actuality, being operated by K. Rool⁠—and Dixie and her cousin Kiddy Kong have to venture to the Northern Kremisphere to save them in the final game of the series for the SNES. Donkey Kong Land 2 Donkey Kong Land 2 had the same storyline from Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest. The manual contains a simplified version of the story from its SNES counterpart - K. Rool has kidnapped Donkey Kong and is at Crocodile Isle, and it's up to Diddy and Dixie to save him. King K. Rool King K. Rool appears as a main character in the Donkey Kong Country animated series, portrayed by Canadian theater actor Benedict Campbell, who gives him a formal British accent. In most episodes, K. Rool attempts to steal the Crystal Coconut, an ancient relic that is said to possess extraordinary power. This iteration of K. Rool has slimmer proportions, a shorter cape, and no tail. His left eye, while retaining the tic from the games, is no longer bloodshot. He is accompanied by his two Kremling henchmen, Klump and Krusha, who originally appeared in the Donkey Kong Country video game as generic enemies. Donkey Kong (character) The Donkey Kong Country series introduced the setting of Donkey Kong Island and a backstory for the character. The series also introduced Diddy Kong as DK's sidekick and best friend, and K. Rool, King of the Kremlings, as his nemesis who steals his and Diddy Kong's banana hoard. While retaining the red necktie featured in the Game Boy game, Donkey Kong, he also donned a distinct physical appearance featuring heavy brows and a peaked lock of hair on top of his head. This would become the standard look for Donkey Kong still used over two decades later. The modern Donkey Kong is portrayed as a powerful yet laid-back ape, who is interested mainly in his banana hoard and his girlfriend, Candy Kong. He has pugilistic abilities that are often emphasized, featuring as a hidden boss in Punch-Out!!, uppercutting K. Rool out of his castle at the end of Donkey Kong Country 2, and having punch-based attacks as his special and final smash moves in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. In a match against boxing champion Krusha K. Rool in Donkey Kong 64, DK's weight is given at 800 pounds.	Kaptain K. Rool is the villain and kidnaps Donkey Kong. The story takes places on the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle.	closed_qa
Who is Linda Hargreaves	Linda Hargreaves Linda Hargreaves is a British actress who has appeared on both stage and screen. She made her television debut in the BBC soap opera Doctors and has since returned to the soap on three separate occasions in different roles, most recently in the recurring role of Constance Buchanan. She has also appeared in various television series including Containment and Call the Midwife. Linda Hargreaves In 2020, Hargreaves appeared in an episode of the Sky One comedy drama Brassic. Following this, she was cast in Containment, and portrayed Mrs. Kendrick on a recurring basis, appearing in five episodes. In 2021, Hargreaves played various characters in the ITV2 comedy The Emily Atack Show, appearing in numerous sketches. She also appeared in the films SeaView and Asylum, portraying the roles of Diane and Susie Winnie respectively. Since 2021, Hargreaves has appeared in Call the Midwife as Mrs. Wallace, making her debut in the tenth series and going on to appear in that year's Christmas special, before reprising her role for the eleventh series. In 2022, Hargreaves returned to Doctors for a fourth time, this time on a recurring basis as Constance Buchanan, the mother of established character Princess Buchanan (Laura White). She also appeared as Obi in the BBC television series Everything I Know About Love and is set to portray Sonia Bumbridge in the film Swede Caroline. Linda Hargreaves Hargreaves is also a stage actress, having appeared in productions such as The Yellow Doctress, Primetime and The Lost Hancock's. She also writes and produces her own comedy series on YouTube and has performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Birmingham Comedy Festival, the Women in Comedy Festival as well as the Wolverhampton and Manchester Comedy Festival. Linda Hargreaves Hargreaves is a graduate of the Birmingham School of Acting, completing her studies in 2012. In 2014, she made her television debut as Stephanie Preston in the BBC soap opera Doctors. In 2015, she portrayed a hotel maid in an episode of Londongrad. In 2016, Hargreaves appeared in various guest roles, including Pamela in an episode of the sixth series of Vera, a history teacher in Raised by Wolves and an audience member in Morgana Robinson's The Agency. The following year, she made her film debut as Mrs. Holding in the drama film Mad to Be Normal, before returning to Doctors, this time in the role of Dr. Liz Kewn. In 2018, Hargreaves appeared in an episode of the CBBC television series 4 O'Clock Club and played a passenger in the BBC political thriller series Bodyguard. She also portrayed Carla in the film Elizabeth Is Missing in 2019 and returned to Doctors for a third time as Kathy Richards in the episode This Far and No Further. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Johanna Hargreaves Johanna Hargreaves (born 18 June 1963) is a British television actress who has been active since 1980, best known for playing Stella in the 1983 teenage drama Johnny Jarvis and Linda Jordan in the 1992 police drama Between the Lines. H. A. Hargreaves In 2015, Hargreaves was inducted into the Canadian Science Fiction & Fantasy Association Hall of Fame, whilst living in retirement in Claresholm, Alberta, with his wife. Ronald Hargreaves Hargreaves was elected MRCP in 1959 and FRCP in 1962. As well as working for the university, Hargreaves served on the Medical Research Council, the Royal Medico-Psychological Association, and the British Medical Association. He also collected flamenco records and had an expert knowledge of flamenco dancing. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Susie Hargreaves Susie Hargreaves is a British executive who works in the charity sector. She is Chief Executive officer of the Internet Watch Foundation.	Linda Hargreaves is a British actress who has appeared on both stage and screen. She made her television debut in the BBC soap opera Doctors and has since returned to the soap on three separate occasions in different roles, most recently in the recurring role of Constance Buchanan. She has also appeared in various television series including Containment and Call the Midwife.	open_qa
Make a list, using dot points, of the last five cities who hosted the Olympics.	Zaragoza Zaragoza was one of the Spanish cities which hosted the FIFA World Cup 1982. Three matches were played at La Romareda. A Tale of Five Cities A Tale of Five Cities ( and released as A Tale of Five Women in the US) is a 1951 British-Italian international co-production drama film directed by Romolo Marcellini and five other directors. The five cities cited in the title are: Rome, Paris, Berlin, London, and Vienna. Arroyo Grande, California It is one of the cities on the Central Coast known as the Five Cities. Which coastal communities are commonly thought of as being the Five Cities has changed over time, as population has grown and shifted geographically. Currently, Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach, Oceano, Pismo Beach, and Shell Beach are generally considered to make up the Five Cities. However, the following cities are the original Five Cities: Grover Beach, previously known as Grover City, Fair Oaks (later annexed by Arroyo Grande), Arroyo Grande, Oceano, and Halcyon. Oceano is historically one of the Five Cities, even though it is considered a Community Service District. Shell Beach is part of Pismo Beach. Federal District (Brazil) Brasília is one of the 12 cities that hosted the games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which took place in the country. World Mountain Bike Orienteering Championships Below is a list of towns and cities that have hosted World Championships in mountain bike orienteering. Year, date, place and number of participating countries are shown. Sion bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics The last time Switzerland held an Olympic Games was the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz. Sion has never previously hosted the Olympics but bid for the Olympics in 1976, 2002 and 2006. Summer Paralympic Games The 1988 Summer Paralympics were the first to be hosted in the same venues (and thus use the same facilities) as the Olympics of that year. Since then, all Paralympic Games are now held in the same city that hosted the Olympics, with a two-week gap between each. Nan Qi (artist) Nan is a contemporary Chinese ink painter depicting a variety of themes, ranging from the human form to landscapes and abstract concentric ink dots, using Chinese in and xuan rice paper. During his training as a Chinese ink painter, Nan specialised in classical landscapes inspired by Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasty artists. Early experimentation with different brush strokes and techniques, varying the dilution of ink and wash, resulted in the distinctive ink “dabs” produced in his early works. During the mid-to-late 1990s, Nan began designing and printing the catalogues for his own exhibitions, and was inspired by the dot matrices used in printing. This gave rise to a progression from ink “dabs” to more and more dot-like brush strokes, culminating in his development of his signature “halo dot” brush stroke in 2004. At this point, the themes and content of Nan’s work were becoming solidly contemporary and modern, moving away from landscapes. Over the next ten years, Nan developed a completely unique repertoire of brush strokes and ink painting techniques, including the “halo dot”, the “Nan Qi Way” for controlling ink flow into highly absorbent rice paper, and the “3D ink” technique, which allows him to create three-dimensional optical illusions by hand. Linked list A random-access list is a list with support for fast random access to read or modify any element in the list. One possible implementation is a skew binary random-access list using the skew binary number system, which involves a list of trees with special properties; this allows worst-case constant time head/cons operations, and worst-case logarithmic time random access to an element by index. Random-access lists can be implemented as persistent data structures. Gamestorming The word gamestorming itself, as a neologism, is a portmanteau suggestive of using games for brainstorming.	The last five cities to host the Olympic Games were: - Tokyo, Japan (2021), - Rio, Brazil (2016), - London, England (2012), - Beijing, China (2008), - Athens, Greece (2004).	brainstorming
Home many storage options does Azure Synapse provide?	Cosmos DB Using Microsoft Azure Synapse Link for Cosmos DB, it is possible to build no-ETL Hybrid transactional/analytical processing solutions by directly linking to Azure Cosmos DB analytical store from Synapse Analytics. It enables to run near real-time large-scale analytics directly on the operational data. Ivy Barley Barley currently works as a Technical Program Manager on the Open Education Analytics (OEA) team at Microsoft, which is an open source program which collaborates with education systems across the world to develop modern data intelligence capabilities. OEA is a fully open-sourced data integration and analytics framework for the education sector built on Azure Synapse – with Azure Data Lake Storage as the storage backbone, Azure Active Directory providing role-based access control, and Azure Purview for data discovery and governance. Microsoft Development Center Serbia Azure Data team produces data processing future in Microsoft Cloud. The Azure Data team in Belgrade is proud to own and develop the product called Managed Instance from the beginning to the end. Azure Synapse Analytics is the leading MDCS's modern service for data storage used by everybody, from individual programmers to the world's top companies. The team develops end-to-end management for Service Fabric that is capable of orchestrating millions of containers on thousands of virtual machines. Temporal Synapse Temporal Synapse is located in the Blue Elevator Bays on levels 1-6 of Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital. Azure Stream Analytics Stream Analytics supports three different types of input sources - Azure Event Hubs, Azure IoT Hubs, and Azure Blob Storage. Additionally, stream analytics supports Azure Blob storage as the input reference data to help augment fast moving event data streams with static data. Chemical synapse The word synapse was introduced by Sir Charles Scott Sherrington in 1897. Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, synapse commonly refers to chemical synapse. Apache Synapse Synapse supports clustered deployments, with support for load balancing, throttling and caching over clustered deployments. The integration with an external Registry/Repository allows Synapse to use externally defined resources for mediation, as well as store its configuration into an externally managed Registry/Repository for SOA Governance. Synapse can be extended with custom Java extensions or POJO classes, or via Apache BFS scripting languages such as Javascript, Ruby, Groovy etc. Synapse ships with over 50 samples. Silent synapse In neuroscience, a silent synapse is an excitatory glutamatergic synapse whose postsynaptic membrane contains NMDA-type glutamate receptors but no AMPA-type glutamate receptors. These synapses are named silent because normal AMPA receptor-mediated signaling is not present, rendering the synapse inactive under typical conditions. Silent synapses are typically considered to be immature glutamatergic synapses. As the brain matures, the relative number of silent synapses decreases. However, recent research on hippocampal silent synapses shows that while they may indeed be a developmental landmark in the formation of a synapse, that synapses can be silenced by activity, even once they have acquired AMPA receptors. Thus, silence may be a state that synapses can visit many times during their lifetimes. Peltarion Synapse Due to its plug in-based design, the usage of Synapse can be very general. Synapse is based on the Microsoft .NET framework and all Synapse components are also .NET components. Although Peltarion has yet to release an official API for the Synapse platform, user made components are emerging, some of them being original, demonstrating the openness of the platform. Samsung Galaxy Note 3 The device includes 3 GB of RAM for the first time in a mobile phone, and internal storage options of 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB.	Azure Synapse can store or persist data in five different technologies or locations: 1. Azure Data Lake Store, 2. Dedicated SQL Pools (DW), and 3. Cosmos DB, 4. Azure Data Share, and 5. Power BI (with its Dataset Cache features)	open_qa
What qualifies an animal as a monotreme?	18880 Toddblumberg Although discovered by LINEAR, Toddblumberg is not a near-Earth asteroid. Its closest approach to the Sun (perihelion) is about double the maximum distance of 1.3 AU that qualifies an asteroid as near-Earth. Animal epithet An animal epithet is a name used to label a person or group, by association with some perceived quality of an animal. Epithets may be formulated as similes, explicitly comparing people with the named animal, as in he is as sly as a fox, or as metaphors, directly naming people as animals, as in he is a [sly] fox. Animal epithets may be pejorative, of negative character, or positive, indicating praise. Animal as Bridegroom In folkloristics, The Animal as Bridegroom refers to a group of folk and fairy tales about a human woman marrying or being betrothed to an animal. The animal is revealed to be a human prince in disguise or under a curse. Most of these tales are grouped in the international system of Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index under type ATU 425, The Search for the Lost Husband. Some subtypes exist in the international classification as independent stories, but they sometimes don't adhere to a fixed typing. Devocalization Because dogs often bark excessively due to stress, boredom, or frustration, changing aspects of an animal's environment to make them more content is a suitable way to quiet them down, rather than forcibly silencing a distressed animal. Spending more time with an animal, such as playing, walking, and other bonding activities, will keep them occupied and make them feel more at ease. If the animal is stressed, it is best to remove the object that is causing them discomfort. Armpit effect The armpit effect is a form of ontogenic recognition, wherein an animal uses its own or another animal’s physical characteristics for recognition purposes. Under this behavior model, an animal uses its own scent to distinguish between kin and non-kin. The odors that an animal uses to compare itself to its counterparts are caused by differences in genetics. Although the scent glands that produce an animal's odor are structurally similar, these genetic differences cause different odors to be released. An animal's ability to identify subtle genetic distinctions based on unique scents is facilitated by the olfactory system in the brain. The armpit effect is crucial for an animal to increase its fitness (biology) and reproductive success. Monotrematum Monotrematum sudamericanum is an extinct monotreme species from the Paleocene (Peligran) Salamanca Formation in Patagonia, Argentina. It is the only monotreme found outside Oceania. Porphyrian tree And, again, now that we have looked at animal as a species of the genus body, we look at animal now as a genus and consider its differentia, which are shown on the diagram to be irrational and rational. Thus, according to the diagram there are two species of the genus animal, irrational animal and rational animal. We are not told by the diagram what a term for irrational animal is, but the diagram indicates that a rational animal is a human. Thus, human is a rational species of the genus animal. The Damned (2009 film) Sergi Sánchez of Fotogramas rated the film 4 out of 5 stars, highlighting a couple of tremendous sequence shots as the film's standout, while citing a scene with Nazareno's character shooting an animal as a negative point. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Monotreme The only surviving examples of monotremes are all indigenous to Australia and New Guinea, although there is evidence that they were once more widespread, as Monotrematum is known from the Paleocene of South America. The extant monotreme species are the platypus and four species of echidnas. There is currently some debate regarding monotreme taxonomy.	A monotreme is a mammal that lays eggs. This is uncommon as there are only two mammals, the echidnas and platypus, that do so. The majority of mammals give placenta birth, with another minority of mammals, known as marsupials, give birth to a fetus-like embryo which is dependent of mother's teat to provide nourishment until fully developed.	classification
Why is November 14 celebrated as world diabetes day?	Juvenation JDRF launched Juvenation on World Diabetes Day, November 14, 2008. As of this writing, the site has more than 14,000 members. World Diabetes Day World Diabetes Day is the primary global awareness campaign focusing on diabetes mellitus and is held on 14 November each year. World Diabetes Day World Diabetes Day was launched in 1991 by the International Diabetes Federation and the World Health Organization (WHO) in response to the rapid rise of diabetes around the world. World Diabetes Day By 2016, World Diabetes Day was being commemorated by over 230 IDF member associations in more than 160 countries and territories, as well as by other organizations, companies, healthcare professionals, politicians, celebrities, and people living with diabetes and their families. Activities include diabetes screening programmes, radio and television campaigns, sports events and others. Frederick Banting Since 1941, the American Diabetes Association confers Banting Medals for those with long-term contribution to diabetes research and treatment. In 1991, International Diabetes Federation and World Health Organization (WHO) made his birthday the World Diabetes Day. On November 14, 2016, Google celebrated his 125th birthday with a Google Doodle. 2021 marks the centenary of Dr. Banting’s co-discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto. Canada Post issued a commemorative stamp. World Diabetes Day It was led by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), each World Diabetes Day focuses on a theme related to diabetes; type-2 diabetes is largely preventable and treatable non-communicable disease that is rapidly increasing in numbers worldwide. Type 1 diabetes is not preventable but can be managed with insulin injections. Topics covered have included diabetes and human rights, diabetes and lifestyle, diabetes and obesity, diabetes in the disadvantaged and the vulnerable, and diabetes in children and adolescents. While the campaigns last the whole year, the day itself marks the birthday of Frederick Banting who, along with Charles Best, first conceived the idea which led to the discovery of insulin in 1922. Lifespan diabetes and metabolic clinic On the eve of World Diabetes Day 2013, Lifespan conducted an initiative called ‘The Blue Circle Challenge’ where road shows and outdoor activities were conducted to spread diabetes awareness. International Pharmaceutical Students' Federation The Diabetes and Healthy Living Campaign, launched in August 2005, aims to raise awareness of a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent and control diabetes and to encourage pro-active rather than reactive health habits. To celebrate World Diabetes Day on November 14, IPSF motivates its organisations to collaborate with interdisciplinary organisations from different health care practitioners in order to plan the campaign. During the campaign, IPSF members put their knowledge into practice in order to inform people about diabetes and the risk factors that can accelerate and the steps that can be taken to limit the development and progression of the disease. As part of this Campaign, IPSF participates in Healthy Living activities on World Health Day each April 7. In 1950, the World Health Organisation's assembly declared April 7 as World Health Day to commemorate the first World Health Assembly that happened on that same day in 1948. This was to honour the founding of the World Health Organization and to raise worldwide attention to its global health campaigns. Nkore language The proper greetings are Oraire ota? or Osiibire ota?, literally translated How was your night? and How was your day?. Good night is Oraare gye and Good day is Osiibe gye. Tulasi Vivaha At Prabhu Dham in Saunja, India, the festival is collectively celebrated by whole village which makes it a significant point of attraction. Here it is celebrated as three day festival in the Hindi month of Kartik from Ekadashi to Trayodashi. The festival is started with the Vedic chanting of Ramcharitmanas or Ramayana by the villagers itself. The second day is celebrated as Sobha Yatra which is of significant importance in which the special prasad is Pongal, and the third day is celebrated as Tilakotsava and Vivahotsava of Vishnu and Vrinda. The villagers prepare 56 types of prasada known as Chapan Bhog and distributed to all. All classes participate in this village accordingly. Devotees including saints and mahants all over from Bihar visit this place to celebrate this festive occasion.	Sir Frederick Banting who discovered Insulin in 1922 was born on November 14 which is why November 14 is celebrated as world diabetes day	open_qa
Which is a species of fish? Mullet or Afro	Largescale mullet The largescale mullet (Planiliza macrolepis) is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific. Hornlip mullet The hornlip mullet (Plicomugil labiosus) is a species of fish in the mullet family from the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea to Micronesia. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Plicomugil. So-iuy mullet The so-iuy mullet (Planiliza haematocheilus), also known as the haarder, redlip mullet or so-iny mullet, is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. Boxlip mullet The boxlip mullet (Oedalechilus labeo) is a species of fish in the mullet family which is found in the eastern Atlantic from Gibraltar to Morocco, it is found in the Mediterranean Sea but not the Black Sea. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Oedalechilus. Etropus microstomus Etropus microstomus, the smallmouth flounder, is a species of fish belonging to the family Paralichthyidae. Freshwater mullet The freshwater mullet (Pseudomyxus capensis) is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is endemic to South Africa. Yellowtail mullet The yellowtail mullet (Minimugil cascasia) is a species of potamodromous ray-finned fish, a mullet belonging to the family Mugilidae. It is the only species in the genus Minimugil. It is found in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. Symphurus pusillus The northern tonguefish (Symphurus pusillus) is a species of fish belonging to the family Cynoglossidae. Leaping mullet The leaping mullet (Chelon saliens) is a species of fish in the family Mugilidae. It is found in coastal waters and estuaries in the northeast Atlantic, ranging from Morocco to France, and including the Mediterranean and Black Sea. It has been introduced to the Caspian Sea. Squaretail mullet The squaretail mullet (Ellochelon vaigiensis), also known as the diamondscale mullet, is a species of grey mullet from the family Mugilidae. It is an Indo-Pacific species and is the only species in the monospecific genus Ellochelon.	Mullet	classification
What is the difference between the Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche methods of paying off debt?	Debt snowball method The debt snowball method is a debt-reduction strategy, whereby one who owes on more than one account pays off the accounts starting with the smallest balances first, while paying the minimum payment on larger debts. Once the smallest debt is paid off, one proceeds to the next larger debt, and so forth, proceeding to the largest ones last. This method is sometimes contrasted with the debt stacking method, also called the debt avalanche method, where one pays off accounts on the highest interest rate first. Debt snowball method A survey conducted by Credello in 2022 found that roughly 9/10 people (88%) who tried debt snowball, found it very effective DIY debt payoff method. The survey also uncovered that none of the respondents who tried debt snowball found it ineffective. Debt snowball method A person has the following amounts of debt and additional funds available to pay debt (the debt is listed with the smallest balance first, as recommended by the method): Debt snowball method Author and radio host Dave Ramsey, a proponent of the debt-snowball method, concedes that an analysis of math and interest leans toward paying the highest interest debt first. However, based on his experience, Ramsey states that personal finance is 20 percent head knowledge and 80 percent behavior and he argues that people trying to reduce debt need quick wins (i.e., paying off the smallest debt) in order to remain motivated toward debt reduction. Debt rescheduling Debt rescheduling is the lengthening of the time of debt repayment by restructuring the terms of an existing loan. Debt consolidation Debt consolidation is a form of debt refinancing that entails taking out one loan to pay off many others. This commonly refers to a personal finance process of individuals addressing high consumer debt, but occasionally it can also refer to a country's fiscal approach to consolidate corporate debt or government debt. The process can secure a lower overall interest rate to the entire debt load and provide the convenience of servicing only one loan or debt. Credit card debt Although each of these debt relief options deals with credit card debt specifically, they are also able to deal with other types of debt including personal loans, medical debt, accounts in collections and more (depending on the specific program type). Still, these programs have not been enough to help enough Americans get out of debt, resulting in a government call-to-action by economists for a massive debt bailout. Debt snowball method In situations where one debt has both a higher interest rate and higher balance than another debt, the debt-snowball method prioritizes the smaller debt even though paying the larger, higher-interest debt would be more cost-effective. Several writers and researchers have considered this contradiction between the method and a strictly mathematical approach. In a 2012 study by Northwestern’s Kellogg School of Management, researchers found that consumers who tackle small balances first are likelier to eliminate their overall debt than trying to pay off high interest rate balances first. A 2016 study in Harvard Business Review came to a similar conclusion: Canadian public debt Debt securities liabilities are liabilities in the form of debt securities (chiefly bonds and bills.) Government debt securities provide a useful measure of government debt as they are a large share of government debt (76.2% in 2020), and are relatively straightforward to measure. By contrast, the second largest debt component, employee pension plan liabilities, are less easy to value as they depend on employee longevity and the pension plan investment returns over many years. Credit counseling Credit counselors can sometimes negotiate debt relief, where part or whole of an individual debt is forgiven. Another option is Debt consolidation, in which one new loan replaces multiple unsecured credit debts. The Debt-snowball method is a budgeting approach that addresses debt systematically.	The Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche are two widely known methods of paying off debt. One is a mathematically faster way to pay off the debt; whereas, the alternative is slightly slower but is more psychologically motivating. This motivation is what helps the person reach their debt pay off goals. The following set of debts will be used as the basis for explaining each method: Debt A has a balance of $10,000 at a 4% interest rate. Debt B has a balance of $5,000 at a 10% interest rate. Debt C has a balance of $8,000 at a 24% interest rate. The Debt Avalanche is typically the fastest and most cost effective way to pay off debt. The person makes minimum payments on all their debts and any extra goes towards the account with highest interest rate (Debt C in example above). Once that first balance is paid off, the person takes the payments from that and puts it all towards the second highest interest rate (Debt B). Repeat until all debts are paid. The Debt Snowball is a method popularized by a personal finance expert, Dave Ramsey, in Step 2 of his 7 Baby Steps to building wealth. This method uses psychology by paying off the smallest balance first (Debt B above). The theory is that the feeling of quickly paying off a debt balance provides the motivation to stick with the program. Similar to the Debt Avalanche, the person takes the payments from Debt B and puts it towards the next smallest balance (Debt C). Repeat until all debts are paid.	open_qa
Classify these wines in Red or White: Chardonnay ,Cabernet Sauvignon,Moscato, Merlot, Syrah, Malbec, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Sangiovese, Sauvignon Blanc	Renault Winery Renault Winery is located in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA, and produces wine from Baco noir, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cayuga White, Chardonnay, Merlot, Noah, Norton (Cynthiana), Petit Verdot, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling, Sangiovese, Sauvignon blanc, Vidal blanc. Renault also makes fruit wines from blueberries, and is the only winery in the United States to make a blueberry champagne. Washington wine Today there are over 80 grape varieties grown in Washington state, but the primary grapes used in the production of wine are from the Vitis vinifera family of grapes. The main grapes used in wine production in Washington are Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Chardonnay, Merlot, and Syrah. There are also plantings of Cabernet Franc, Grenache, Malbec, Pinot gris, Sauvignon blanc, Sémillon, Tempranillo, Viognier, Barbera, Chenin blanc, Gewürztraminer, Nebbiolo, Petite Sirah, Pinot noir, Sangiovese, and Zinfandel. Vineyard acreage dedicated to red varieties was in 2006. The four most prevalent red varieties were Cabernet Sauvignon at , Merlot at , Syrah at , and Cabernet Franc at . Vineyard acreage planted to white varieties was . The four most prevalent white varieties were Chardonnay at , Riesling at , Sauvignon blanc at , and Gewürztraminer at . Taylors Wines Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Merlot, Pinot noir, Cabernet Merlot, Sauvignon blanc, Semillon, Riesling, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Vermentino and Pinot gris. Sutter Home Winery Sutter Home Winery produces 21 varietal wines including Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, White Zinfandel, White Merlot, Gewürztraminer, Chenin blanc, Moscato, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Zinfandel, Red Blend, Pinot noir, Pinot grigio, Sweet Red, Red Moscato, Moscato Sangria, Pink Moscato, Riesling Moscato, Sweet Riesling, Rosé, and Sangria, as of 2020. Hagafen Cellars Hagafen's red wines include Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Zinfandel, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, and Pinot noir. Their white wines include Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, and Rousanne. They also produce brut cuvée sparkling wines, and a Vin Gris Rosé. Tri-Cities, Washington The range of varietals grown throughout the region include Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, and Pinot Noir. Liébana (wine) Red: Mencía, Tempranillo, Garnacha, Graciano, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot noir, Albarín negro and Cabernet Sauvignon Suisun Valley AVA The valley is approximately by , and contains about . More than of the valley is currently planted as vineyard, with more than twenty varieties of wine grapes represented, including Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, French Colombard, Gamay (Valdiguie), Grenache, Merlot, Mouvedre, Muscat Canelli, Petite Sirah, Petite Verdot, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Primitivo, Rousanne, Sauvignon Blanc, Sangiovese, Shiraz, Syrah, Viognier, Riesling, and Zinfandel. DeMastro Vineyards DeMastro Vineyards is in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA, and produces wine from Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot noir, and Riesling grapes. Trás-os-Montes wine region The principle grapes of the Trás-os-Montes region include Bastardo, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Donzelinho branco, Gewürztraminer, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Merlot, Mourisco Tinto, Pinot noir, Rabo de Ovelha, Sauvignon blanc, Semillon, Tempranillo, Tinta Amarela, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Cao, Touriga Francesa, Touriga Nacional and Viosinho.	Chardonnay, Moscato, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling are White Wines and Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Malbec, Pinot Noir and Sangiovese are Red Wines	classification
What would be a first date option in Boston?	First Date (musical) It was announced in December 2018 that First Date would be included in a Musical theatre festival at The Other Palace in London. Boston Social Forum [the Boston Social Forum] was called to help progressive activists to begin to answer some very basic questions: What kind of future do we want for Boston? For our region? For our nation? For the world? What is our vision of a better society? Henri Barki Small Group Brainstorming and Idea Quality: Is Electronic Brainstorming the Most Effective Approach?<br> First Date (film) First Date is a 2021 American mystery comedy-drama film directed and written by Manuel Crosby and Darren Knapp. The film stars Tyson Brown, Shelby Duclos, Jesse Janzen, Nicole Berry and Samuel Ademola. First Date (Blink-182 song) The song was inspired by DeLonge's then-wife, Jennifer Jenkins, who he wed in 2001. When they were first dating, their first outing was to SeaWorld San Diego. DeLonge remembered how awkward it was: We just hung out and walked around looking at fish. He pulled from these experiences to write the tune, a summary of going on a first date with a girl and not necessarily knowing how to act, what to wear or what to say. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Principal Charming Skinner asks Patty for a date, but she is reluctant. Selma encourages her to go on her first date in 25 years and warns her this may be her last chance to marry. Patty does not enjoy her first date with Skinner, but they keep seeing each other, much to Selma's chagrin. First Date (film) Kristy Puchko of RogerEbert.com wrote, Overall, this wild-ass comedy is a jolting thrill ride, packed with barbed jokes, hilarious characters, and threaded with a sweet and simple romance that pulls us through the wonkier bits. Simply put, First Date is a diamond in the rough, but a diamond nonetheless. First date Goals depend on the individual, but for the most part, goals on the first date, are fairly similar between parties. In her study on first dates, Mary Claire Morr explains that expectations for a date can be formed based on information about the communicator, relationship and context. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals.	There are many options for first dates in Boston. You could go for a nice walk in the Boston Common and grab a coffee/tea somewhere nearby. You could go to the Boston Aquarium and walk along the water afterwards. You could go to Seaport and spend time in the indoor mini golf spot. You could also wander around Quincy market and grab a bite to eat and then visit the Sam Adams brewery. Lastly, you could go for a walk along the esplanade and grab a drink and Night Shift brewery if the weather is nice.	brainstorming
Who owns the largest share of the Vancouver Whitecaps FC?	Vancouver Whitecaps FC Vancouver Whitecaps FC is owned by a group of four investors: Greg Kerfoot, Steve Luczo, Jeff Mallett, and Steve Nash. The group has a collective net worth over $2 billion. Kerfoot has been the majority owner of the Whitecaps since 2002, when he saved the club from contraction after previous owner David Stadnyk left the club, selling it to United Soccer Leagues. Mallett, a former chief operating officer (COO) of Yahoo!, who was raised in Victoria, British Columbia, and played for several collegiate soccer teams. He later purchased minority stakes in the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball and English soccer club Derby County F.C. Having first met at a charity soccer event in 2005, Mallett partnered with Steve Nash—a two-time National Basketball Association (NBA) Most Valuable Player who was also raised in Victoria—to put together a bid for a minority share of English soccer club Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in 2008. After that transaction fell through, the duo contacted Kerfoot about a minority stake in the club. Nash is the older brother of former Whitecaps midfielder Martin Nash. The fourth partner, Steve Luczo, is the president, chairman, and CEO of Seagate Technology and a partner in Boston Basketball Partners L.L.C., a group who own the NBA Boston Celtics. Luczo met Kerfoot while the two were both employed by Seagate Technology, and Kerfoot contacted Luczo proposing he become part of the club's MLS bid. In 2009, the group paid a $35 million expansion fee to MLS for the right to join the league. Alexander Kerfoot Kerfoot's father, Greg Kerfoot, is the majority owner of Vancouver Whitecaps FC of Major League Soccer (MLS). Jeff Mallett Mallett is an investor and co-director of the Vancouver Whitecaps. The Vancouver Whitecaps ownership group consists of Mallett, Greg Kerfoot, Steve Luczo and Steve Nash. On October 15, 2008, the Whitecaps submitted a bid to secure one of two MLS expansion teams for the 2011 season, having announced their bidding plans at a press conference in Vancouver on July 25, 2008. On March 18, 2009, Major League Soccer (MLS) commissioner Don Garber announced that Vancouver would be the home of the 17th team in MLS. The MLS team will begin play in 2011 at the temporary Empire Field, and then move during that season to the newly renovated BC Place Stadium in the city's downtown entertainment district. The venue will undergo approximately $458 million in improvements before the new team takes to the field, and will have a 20,000-seat soccer-specific configuration.[] The 2009 Vancouver Whitecaps season went down as one of the most eventful campaigns in club history. [Outdated] Stephen J. Luczo Balance Vector Sports includes ownership interest in the Boston Celtics, the Vancouver Whitecaps FC (with Greg Kerfoot, Steve Nash and Jeff Mallet)and IndyCar Series team Luczo Dragon Racing. In addition, Balance Vector Sports has been the primary sponsor to the world champion adventure racing team from New Zealand, three-time kite surfing world champion Cindy Mosey, two-time world free skiing champion Kit DesLauriers, and big wave champion surfer Garrett McNamara. Expansion of Major League Soccer One of three Canadian cities in the running for 2011 MLS expansion, Vancouver's bid was led by local businessman Greg Kerfoot, at that time owner of the Vancouver Whitecaps FC in USSF D2 Pro. NBA star Steve Nash was also involved as a minority stakeholder. The city's bid was boosted by the proposed construction of the Whitecaps Waterfront Stadium, with an initial capacity of 20,000 and the potential for further expansion. Don Garber called the bid presentation by Vancouver one of the best I've ever seen. Vancouver Whitecaps (1986–2010) On March 19, 2009, an ownership group led by principal Greg Kerfoot was granted a Major League Soccer expansion franchise which began play in 2011 under the name Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Steve Nash Nash had also previously made statements about his intention to bring Major League Soccer to Vancouver as early as 2011, which he has succeeded in doing. He joined the USL-1 Vancouver Whitecaps FC team's ownership group in July 2008, and in March 2009, Vancouver was officially named as a future MLS expansion city, set to join the league in 2011. Nash occasionally attends practice for his co-owned team, also called Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Vancouver Whitecaps FC The Whitecaps organization owned and operated a women's team in the USL W-League from 2001 to 2012 that played at Swangard Stadium. Originally named the Vancouver Breakers, the club was renamed the Whitecaps in 2003 under the ownership of Greg Kerfoot. The team won the W-League championship twice (in 2004 and 2006) and finished as runners-up in 2010. In its place, the Whitecaps launched an EXCEL youth development program for girls in partnership with B.C. Soccer and Canada Soccer. 2008 Vancouver Whitecaps FC season The 2008 Vancouver Whitecaps season was the club's 23rd year of existence (or 33rd if counting the NASL Whitecaps), as well as their 16th as a Division 2 club in the franchise model of US-based soccer leagues. With games against well supported MLS side Toronto FC in the Voyageurs Cup and local rival Seattle Sounders selling 22,000 season tickets for MLS in 2009, the Vancouver Whitecaps were marketed as one of the leading markets for a 2011 MLS expansion side. This included expanding the ownership to include Victoria, BC raised NBA star Steve Nash in July. The Division 1 MLS speculation along with the higher profile that came with public negotiations with Vancouver City Council and the Port of Metro Vancouver to develop the Whitecaps Waterfront Stadium gave a boost to media coverage and game attendances. The privately financed stadium, first proposed in 2006, appeared to be reaching its final government land use approvals in 2008. Jeff Mallett Mallett is an advisor to Steve Nash Enterprises, a portfolio of a dozen ventures which includes Nash's foundation, The Steve Nash Foundation. Formed in 2001, given U.S. charitable status in 2004, and Canadian charitable status in 2007, the Steve Nash Foundation is a private foundation dedicated to assisting underserved children in their health, personal development, education and enjoyment of life. Nash has started a film-production company; become a part owner of the Vancouver Whitecaps, which will join Major League Soccer in 2011; and taken equity in several startups, including Mission Skincare, which develops products for athletes. Part of the revenue will go to his foundation.	Of the group of 4 investors, Greg Kerfoot is the majority owner the Vancouver Whitecaps FC investors group.	information_extraction
What is the JDK?	JDK Mission Control JDK Mission Control is an open source tools suite for the Java virtual machine. The tools help finding problems in, and optimizing, programs running on the JVM in production. JDK Mission Control supports OpenJDK 11 (and above) and Oracle JDK 7u40 (and above). JDK Enhancement Proposal The JDK Enhancement Proposal (or JEP) is a process drafted by Oracle Corporation for collecting proposals for enhancements to the Java Development Kit and OpenJDK. OpenJDK Since JDK 10, the effort to produce an open-source reference implementation of the Java SE Platform was moved over to the JDK Project. Unlike past JDK Release Projects, which produced just one feature release and then terminated, this long-running project will produce all future JDK feature releases and will ship a feature release every six months according to a strict, time-based model. JDK Mission Control JDK Mission Control started out as JRockit Mission Control, a production time profiling and diagnostics tools suite which was delivered as a part of the JRockit JVM distribution. After Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems, JRockit Flight Recorder and JRockit Mission Control were rebranded Java Flight Recorder and Java Mission Control. In 2018 both Java Flight Recorder and Java Mission Control were open sourced. When open sourced they were rebranded JDK Mission Control and JDK Flight Recorder respectively, due to Java trademark issues. At the same time, the delivery format for JMC was changed, making it easier to upgrade JMC and the JDK independently. Java code coverage tools JCov is the tool which has been developed and used with Sun JDK (and later Oracle JDK) from the very beginning of Java: from the version 1.1. JCov is capable of measuring and reporting Java code coverage. JCov is distributed under the terms of the GNU Public License (version 2, with the Classpath Exception). JCov has become open-source as a part of OpenJDK code tools project in 2014. Java Class Library Beginning in December 2010, all the so-called binary plugs were replaced by open source replacements, making the entire JDK open. Apache Click It is a free and open-source project distributed under the Apache license and runs on any JDK installation (1.5 or later). Java Platform, Standard Edition The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) and Java Development Kit (JDK) are the actual files downloaded and installed on a computer to run or develop Java programs, respectively. Java version history JDK 11 was released on September 25, 2018 and the version is currently open for bug fixes. It offers LTS, or Long-Term Support. Among others, Java 11 includes a number of new features, such as: History of free and open-source software Since its first public release in 1996, the Java platform had not been open source, although the Java source code portion of the Java runtime was included in Java Development Kits (JDKs), on a purportedly confidential basis, despite it being freely downloadable by the general public in most countries. Sun later expanded this confidential source code access to include the full source code of the Java Runtime Environment via a separate program which was open to members of the public, and later made the source of the Java compiler javac available also. Sun also made the JDK source code available confidentially to the Blackdown Java project, which was a collection of volunteers who ported early versions of the JDK to Linux, or improved on Sun's Linux ports of the JDK. However, none of this was open source, because modification and redistribution without Sun's permission were forbidden in all cases. Sun stated at the time that they were concerned about preventing forking of the Java platform.	The JDK is a development environment for building applications using the Java programming language. The JDK includes tools useful for developing and testing programs written in the Java programming language and running on the Java platform.	open_qa
Give me the history and background of the Phoenix Suns basketball franchise	Phoenix Suns The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at the Footprint Center. The Suns are one of four major league sports teams based in the Phoenix area, but are the only one to bill themselves as representing the city (the other teams - the Cardinals, Coyotes, and Diamondbacks - all bill themselves as representing the state of Arizona). Phoenix Mercury The Phoenix Mercury are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona, playing in the Western Conference in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). The team was founded before the league's inaugural 1997 season began; it is one of the eight original franchises. The team is owned by Robert Sarver, who also owns the NBA team Phoenix Suns. 1978–79 Phoenix Suns season The 1978–79 Phoenix Suns season was the 11th season for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association and the first time they reached the 50-win mark to end the regular season. The team repeated a second-place finish in an expanded Pacific division and the Western Conference's second-best record, thus earning a spot in the playoffs, the franchise's first time extending the season in back-to-back seasons. For the first time since the '75–'76 team, the Suns returned to the Western Conference Finals, before being dispatched by Pacific division champion Seattle in seven games. The Suns were led by head coach John MacLeod and played all home games in Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum. 1979–80 Phoenix Suns season The 1979–80 Phoenix Suns season was the 12th season for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association and at 55–27, the team's best regular season record since the franchise's inception. The Suns defeated Western Conference foe Kansas City in the opening round of the playoffs, marking the first time the Suns had won a playoff series in back-to-back seasons. In the Western Conference Semifinals, the Suns would lose to the Pacific-winning Los Angeles Lakers, who later went on to win the season's championship. The Suns were led by head coach John MacLeod, his seventh season with the team, and played all home games in Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum. 1984–85 Phoenix Suns season The 1984–85 Phoenix Suns season was the 17th season for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association. The Suns were without All-Star Walter Davis for much of the season due to injury. They would be without him in the playoffs, extending a then-franchise record to eight consecutive seasons even though the Suns finished the regular season with the team's first losing record since the 1976–77 season. The Suns' playoff run would not last long, being swept in the first round of the Western Conference playoffs by the eventual league champions, the Los Angeles Lakers. The team was led by head coach John MacLeod, in his 12th year with the Suns, and played all home games in Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum. Scottsdale, Arizona Though none play specifically in the city of Scottsdale, all of the Big Four North American major league sports organizations have franchises and play within the Phoenix Metropolitan Area – NBA's Phoenix Suns, NFL's Arizona Cardinals, MLB's Arizona Diamondbacks and NHL's Arizona Coyotes, as well as a WNBA franchise, the Phoenix Mercury. Professional sports teams in Arizona The Phoenix Mercury are a professional women's basketball team based in Phoenix. They play their home games at Talking Stick Resort Arena. They were founded in 1997 as one of the league's inaugural teams. They play in the Pacific Division of the WNBA. They have won three WNBA titles. 1975–76 Phoenix Suns season The 1975–76 Phoenix Suns season was the eighth season for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association. The season included an improbable run to the NBA Finals by a team that had never won a playoff series and made the playoffs only one other season in the franchise's existence. With a regular season record of 42–40, the Suns had finished third in the Pacific division standings and improved upon last season's win total by 10 games. The ensuing playoff run took plenty by surprise, including a seven-game series win against the Western Conference's top seed and defending NBA champion Golden State Warriors, a team that had finished 17 games ahead of the Suns in the divisional standings. The franchise's first Finals appearance pitted them against a 12-time champion in the Boston Celtics, whose roster featured three players from that season's All-Star Game. The 1976 NBA Finals would feature a memorable Game 5 triple-overtime thriller filled with controversies in which the Suns narrowly lost. Returning home for Game 6, the demoralized Suns would lose Game 6 and the series but not before endearing a generation of fans to the Suns franchise and showcasing basketball from the desert southwest. The team's Cinderella season earned them the nickname Sunderella Suns. John MacLeod was head coach and the Suns played their home games at Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum. 1968–69 Phoenix Suns season The 1968–69 Phoenix Suns season was the inaugural season for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association. Head coach Red Kerr led the franchise to its first win in their debut game, over the Seattle SuperSonics. The Suns lost more games in their initial season than in any year since, and did not have a winning record against any other team. They played all their home games in the Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum. Pacific Division (NBA) The Pacific Division is one of the three divisions in the Western Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The division consists of five teams, the Golden State Warriors, the Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Lakers, the Phoenix Suns and the Sacramento Kings. All teams, except the Suns, are based in California.	The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at the Footprint Center. The Suns are one of four major league sports teams based in the Phoenix area, but are the only one to bill themselves as representing the city (the other teams - the Cardinals, Coyotes, and Diamondbacks - all bill themselves as representing the state of Arizona). The franchise began play in 1968 as an expansion team, and their early years were mired in mediocrity, but their fortunes changed in the 1970s after partnering Dick Van Arsdale and Alvan Adams with Paul Westphal; the team reached the 1976 NBA Finals, in what is considered to be one of the biggest upsets in NBA history. However, after failing to capture a championship, the Suns would rebuild around Walter Davis for a majority of the 1980s, until the acquisition of Kevin Johnson in 1988. Under Johnson, and after trading for perennial NBA All-Star Charles Barkley, and combined with the output of Tom Chambers and Dan Majerle, the Suns reached the playoffs for a franchise-record thirteen consecutive appearances and remained a regular title contender throughout the 1990s, and reached the 1993 NBA Finals. However, the team would again fail to win a championship, and entered into another period of mediocrity until the early part of the 2000s. In 2004, the Suns signed free agent Steve Nash (who had blossomed for the Dallas Mavericks after being traded from Phoenix six years earlier), and returned into playoff contention. With Nash, Shawn Marion, and Amar'e Stoudemire, and under head coach Mike D'Antoni, the Suns became renowned worldwide for their quick, dynamic offense, which led them to tie a franchise record in wins in the 2004–05 season. Two more top two Conference placements followed, but the Suns again failed to attain an NBA championship, and were forced into another rebuild. After ten consecutive seasons without a playoff berth, the Suns reached the 2021 NBA Finals after acquiring Chris Paul, forming a quartet with their young core of Devin Booker, Deandre Ayton and Mikal Bridges. Following a disappointing playoff exit in 2022, the Suns acquired 13-time All-Star and two-time NBA champion Kevin Durant. The Suns own the NBA's fifth-best all-time winning percentage, and have the second highest winning percentage of any team to have never won an NBA championship. 11 Hall of Famers have played for Phoenix, while two — Barkley and Nash — won NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) while playing for the team. Additionally, their Hall of Fame radio announcer Al McCoy is the longest-tenured broadcaster in NBA history.	summarization
Classify the following as either red wines or white wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz	Hagafen Cellars Hagafen's red wines include Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Zinfandel, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, and Pinot noir. Their white wines include Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, and Rousanne. They also produce brut cuvée sparkling wines, and a Vin Gris Rosé. Taylors Wines Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Merlot, Pinot noir, Cabernet Merlot, Sauvignon blanc, Semillon, Riesling, Chardonnay, Gewurztraminer, Vermentino and Pinot gris. Gorizia Hills The region is predominately a white wine producer with Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Malvasia Istriana, Chardonnay, Pinot bianco, Pinot grigio and Sauvignon blanc being the leading varietals. Red wine is produced under the Collio Rosso designation and is usually a blend of Merlot, Cabernet franc and Cabernet Sauvignon. Moldovan wine White varieties: Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Aligoté, Pinot gris, Pinot blanc, Riesling, Traminer, Muscat, Silvaner, Müller-Thurgau, Rkatsiteli. Strewn Winery The winery produces a selection of VQA certified wines using grapes grown in its own vineyard as well as other vineyards in the Niagara Peninsula. Strewn uses Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Gewürztraminer, Pinot blanc and Vidal grapes. In addition to traditional wines, they also produce sweeter late harvest and ice wines. Hawke's Bay wine region Red wines made from Merlot blends and Syrah are consistently well reviewed. Varietal white wines from Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris and Viognier are also produced. Tenuta Fernanda Cappello Nowadays, Tenuta Fernanda Cappello produces a variety of white wines such as Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon, Traminer Aromatico, Chardonnay, Friulano, Ribolla Gialla. Apart from white wines, it produces Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Refosco, some other sparkling wines including Prosecco, as well as a unique brand named Fernanda Spumante Millesimato. Reif Estate Winery White Varieties include: Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Gewürztraminer, Pinot grigio, Riesling, Sauvignon blanc and Vidal. Barboursville Vineyards The viticultural area extends . The vines are predominantly Bordeaux grape varieties for the red wines, and also including Nebbiolo, Sangiovese and Barbera, and among white varieties are Viognier, Chardonnay, Pinot grigio and Sauvignon blanc. Austrian wine The main grape varieties grown in this region are Welschriesling, Chardonnay (called Morillon), Weißburgunder (Pinot blanc) and Grauburgunder (Pinot gris), Gelber Muskateller, the Traminer family, Sauvignon blanc and Riesling; red wines feature Zweigelt as well as other grapes, including St. Laurent or Blauburgunder (Pinot noir).	Red wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz White wines: Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc	classification
What is The Dark Side of the Moon?	The Dark Side of the Moon The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. The album was primarily developed during live performances, and the band premiered an early version of the suite several months before recording began. The record was conceived as a concept album that would focus on the pressures faced by the band during their arduous lifestyle, and partly deal with the apparent mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett, who departed the group in 1968. New material was recorded in two sessions in 1972 and 1973 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London. The Dark Side of the Moon The Dark Side of the Moon was recorded at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) between 31 May 1972 and 9 February 1973. Pink Floyd were assigned staff engineer Alan Parsons, who had worked as assistant tape operator on their fifth album, Atom Heart Mother (1970), and gained experience as a recording engineer on the Beatles' Abbey Road and Let It Be. The Dark Side of the Moon sessions made use of advanced studio techniques; the studio was capable of 16-track mixes, which offered greater flexibility than the eight- or four-track mixes Pink Floyd had previously used, although they often used so many tracks that to make more space available second-generation copies were made. From the Dark Side of the Moon From the Dark Side of the Moon is a 2011 album released by singer/songwriter Mary Fahl. The album is a song-by-song re-imagining of Pink Floyd's classic 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon. The Dark Side of the Moon (2009 album) The Flaming Lips and Stardeath and White Dwarfs with Henry Rollins and Peaches Doing The Dark Side of the Moon is a collaborative studio album by the psychedelic rock group the Flaming Lips. The album is a complete track-for-track reimagining of Pink Floyd's seminal 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon. Dark Side of the Moon Tour The Dark Side of the Moon Tour was a concert tour by British rock band Pink Floyd in 1972 and 1973 in support of their album The Dark Side of the Moon, covering the UK, US, Europe and Japan. There were two separate legs promoting the album, one in 1972 before the album's release and another in 1973 afterwards, together covering 128 shows. Sorrowful Angels Shortly after they are requested by Metal Hammer GR, to record a cover of Pink Floyd's Time from The Dark Side of the Moon. The track was part of Landing on the Dark Side of the Moon album, essentially a tribute to The Dark Side of the Moon. The Dark Side of the Moon The Dark Side of the Moon built upon experiments Pink Floyd had attempted in their previous live shows and recordings, but it lacks the extended instrumental excursions which, according to critic David Fricke, had become characteristic of the band following founding member Syd Barrett's departure in 1968. Gilmour, Barrett's replacement, later referred to those instrumentals as that psychedelic noodling stuff. He and Waters cited 1971's Meddle as a turning point towards what would be realised on the album. The Dark Side of the Moons lyrical themes include conflict, greed, the passage of time, death and insanity, the latter inspired in part by Barrett's deteriorating mental state. The album contains musique concrète on several tracks. Return to the Dark Side of the Moon Return to the Dark Side of the Moon (subtitled: A Tribute to Pink Floyd) is a tribute album organised by Billy Sherwood, and released in 2006 on Purple Pyramid. It is a re-creation of Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon, and a sequel to Sherwood's Back Against the Wall, itself a re-creation of Pink Floyd's The Wall. Return to the Dark Side of the Moon, in addition includes an original piece composed by Sherwood (and recorded with Tony Kaye and Robby Krieger) in the style of the original album. Eclipse (Pink Floyd song) The doorman of Abbey Road Studios, Gerry O'Driscoll, is heard speaking at 1:37, answering the question: What is 'the dark side of the moon'? with: There is no dark side in the moon, really. Matter of fact, it's all dark. The only thing that makes it look light is the sun. Dubber Side of the Moon Dubber Side of the Moon is the second dub reggae tribute to the Pink Floyd album, The Dark Side of the Moon, by New York-based band Easy Star All-Stars. The album features bass-heavy dub remixes by prominent dub producers of its predecessor, Easy Star Records' 2003 release Dub Side of the Moon. Dubber Side of the Moon debuted at #2 on the Billboard Reggae charts.	The Dark Side of the Moon is Pink Floyd's 8th studio album. It is about the band's difficult lifestyle and touches on the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett.	summarization
Give me a list of the top ten movies, according to IMDb ratings.	Michael Phillips (critic) Each year, Phillips prepares a list of the top ten films of the year. In 2009, he also made a list for the films of the 2000's decade. Biblia komputerowego gracza Each chapter also contains a list of the top ten games of all time of the genre, as judged by the authors. For example, the list of top ten shooter games is as follows: Commando, Defender, River Raid, Green Beret, Ghosts 'n Goblins, Super Zaxxon, Maggotmania (a clone of Centipede), Tapper, Gyruss and . Always Kickin' According to IMDb, The two reel short is part of a trilogy of sports themed movies written by Paddock and released by Educational Films Corporation. The others were Off His Base guest starring baseball player Mike Donlin with a cameo from Jim Thorpe, and A Hockey Hick. IMDb The IMDb Top 250 is a list of the top rated 250 films, based on ratings by the registered users of the website using the methods described. , The Shawshank Redemption, directed by Frank Darabont, is No. 1 on the list, and has been since 2008. The Top 250 rating is based on only the ratings of regular voters. The number of votes a registered user would have to make to be considered as a user who votes regularly has been kept secret. IMDb has stated that to maintain the effectiveness of the Top 250 list they deliberately do not disclose the criteria used for a person to be counted as a regular voter. In addition to other weightings, the Top 250 films are also based on a weighted rating formula referred to in actuarial science as a credibility formula. This label arises because a statistic is taken to be more credible the greater the number of individual pieces of information; in this case from eligible users who submit ratings. Although the current formula is not disclosed, IMDb originally used the following formula to calculate their weighted rating: Late Show Top Ten List The Top Ten List was a regular segment of the television programs Late Night with David Letterman and the Late Show with David Letterman. Each night, host David Letterman would present a list of ten items, compiled by his writing staff, that circulated around a common theme. Top goalscorers in Costa Rican Primera División The following is a list of top scorers of the Costa Rican Primera División, the top tier of the Costa Rican football pyramid. Deep Hearts When the film was released, there was little to no reception from movie critics. According to IMDb, the film was given a 6.4 out of 10, which is a lower rating compared to Time Indefinite, another documentary he made over 10 years later. Brainstorming In the laboratory, directed brainstorming has been found to almost triple the productivity of groups over electronic brainstorming. Nashidha Mohamed In 2018, Mohamed was ranked ninth in Dho?'s list of Top Ten Actresses of Maldives, with writer Aishath Maaha opining that she is a promising actress who is still relevant even during her long career. IMDb As one adjunct to data, the IMDb offers a rating scale that allows users to rate films on a scale of one to ten.	1. The Shawshank Redemption (1994), 9.2 points 2. The Godfather (1972) 9.2 points 3. The Dark Knight (2008), 9.0 points 4. The Godfather Part II (1974), 9.0 points 5. 12 Angry Men (1957), 9.0 points 6. Schindler's List (1993), 8.9 points 7. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), 8.9 points 8. Pulp Fiction (1994), 8.8 points 9. The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), 8.8 points 10. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966), 8.8 points	brainstorming
Whats the name of the person who wrote the US declaration of independence?	Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence Fifty-six delegates to the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and are honored at this Memorial: Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a text published in 1819 with the now disputed claim that it was the first declaration of independence made in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. It was supposedly signed on May 20, 1775, in Charlotte, North Carolina, by a committee of citizens of Mecklenburg County, who declared independence from Great Britain after hearing of the battle of Lexington. If true, the Mecklenburg Declaration preceded the United States Declaration of Independence by more than a year. Declaration of Independence (film) Declaration of Independence was part of Warner Bros.'s Old Glory series, which consisted of several short films that covered American history. Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence The Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence is a memorial depicting the signatures of the 56 signatories to the United States Declaration of Independence. It is located in the Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The memorial is accessible to the public by crossing a wooden bridge onto a small island set in the lake between Constitution Avenue and the Reflecting Pool, not far from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was published on April 30, 1819, in an article written by Joseph McKnitt Alexander in the Raleigh Register and North Carolina Gazette, of Raleigh, North Carolina. It is not probably known to many of our readers, wrote the editor of the Raleigh Register in an introduction to the article, that the citizens of Mecklenburg County, in this State made a Declaration of Independence more than a year before Congress made theirs. Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence Public Law 95-260 was passed by Congress in 1978 to create a memorial to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is a gift from the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration and consists of 56 stone blocks, each with a facsimile of the signer's actual signature, his occupation, and his home town. It was dedicated on July 4, 1984, exactly 208 years after the Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence. United States Declaration of Independence The Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence was dedicated in 1984 in Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., where the signatures of all the original signers are carved in stone with their names, places of residence, and occupations. Hungarian Declaration of Independence The Hungarian Declaration of Independence declared the independence of Hungary from the Habsburg monarchy during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. It was presented to the National Assembly in closed session on 13 April 1849 by Lajos Kossuth, and in open session the following day, despite political opposition from within the Hungarian Peace Party. The declaration was passed unanimously the following day. American Enlightenment The United States Declaration of Independence, which was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. The text of the second section of the Declaration of Independence reads: Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada The Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada () was written in French by the patriot rebel Robert Nelson on February 22, 1838, while in exile in the United States, after the first rebellion of 1837.	Thomas Jefferson	open_qa
What are different tools and channels used in organizations for communication and training?	Communications training Executive communication training: It focuses on how to conduct meetings by helping to develop facilitation skills and through exceptional executive communication coaching, candidates learn how to open, manage, as well as end meetings. Autism-friendly Organizations interested in spreading awareness about autism and how to be autism friendly, such as The Autism Directory, have created training programs for communities to illustrate how people with autism may communicate or interact differently from neurotypical people, or people without autism. There are also suggestions for how to modify one's reaction to improve communication. Some training examples are: Activities of the Air Training Corps An extensive range of communication training is offered where appropriately skilled instructors and equipment are available. This can range from hand-held radio operating procedures to long-distance HF radio and networked digital communication, and even encompasses publishing online (such as this Wiki). Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. ABAP The ABAP Workbench is part of the ABAP system and is accessed via SAP GUI. It contains different tools for editing programs. The most important of these are (transaction codes are shown in parentheses): Voice Coaches Voice Coaches provides services across the US and Canada, offering voice over production and communication training. WinOps Windows and Linux are very different; not just technologically, but philosophically. Tools are a major component to establishing DevOps, and the lack of Windows-centric tools limited early Windows DevOps adoptions as most initial supporting technologies emerged from Linux and open-source communities. WinOps boils down to addressing the same challenges as DevOps, using different tools. Communications training Crisis communication training: It enables candidates to communicate while dealing with the various difficulties and emergencies that can arise including conflict management and change management. With training, candidates will be fit to come up with beneficial solutions for solving the crisis or conflict or make change/transition easier. Activities of the Air Training Corps Communication training provides valuable practical lessons in information handling and management, develops interpersonal skills and meets one of the Corps' prime objectives: 'providing training useful in both civilian and military life'. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig.	There are many different tools and channels used by organizations for communication and training. These range from short and informal, such as a direct message or text, to long and formal, such as a blog article, webinar, or a training class. Widely use short and informal tools include Slack, Microsoft Team, Skype, WhatsApp, and many more. These tools can incorporate text, audio file, video files, and links to files. They're usually used for one to one, one to many (small group), or one to many (large group). Email can be used both for short and informal and longer, more formal communications. In fact, emails have fully supplanted the "interoffice memo" used for decades in the corporate world. Presentations are a widely used tool in enterprises today. These typically include both a live presenter and prepared slides for the audience to see, and usually, take away. Tools for creating these slide show, also referred to as "decks," include Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Slides. Webinars are virtual presentations, nearly always using slides. An interesting evolution in corporate communication has been the advent of the "slideument." Coined by Nancy Duarte in her book, slide:ology, a slideument is "the worst of both worlds." Each slides features a great deal of text, which may or may not be the presenter's script. However, being slides, there is often little heed given to the principles of good writing. Directness, transitions, conciseness, clarity. A workshop or training event is another method of corporate communication. The key difference between this and other tools is that a workshop is usually for skill building of some type and incorporates (hopefully) a great deal of audience interaction (with the presenter and with other participants. Slides are often used, but other tools can be brought into play, such as flip charts, small group discussions, and assignments for individuals and groups.	general_qa
Extract universities Moret studied at and his year of graduation for each, and put them in a bulleted list.	Bernard Moret Moret was born in 1953 in Vevey Switzerland, and did his undergraduate studies at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), graduating in 1975. He went on to graduate studies at the University of Tennessee, earning a Ph.D. in 1980. He then joined the faculty of the University of New Mexico, where he remained until 2006, when he moved to EPFL. He retired from EPFL in December 2016. Bernard Moret In 1996, Moret founded the ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics, and he remained editor in chief of the journal until 2003. In 2001, Moret founded the Workshop in Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI) and remains on the Steering Committee for the conference. Bernard Moret In 2018, Moret was elected as a Fellow of the International Society for Computational Biology, for his outstanding contributions to the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. Vineet Bafna Vineet Bafna is an Indian bioinformatician and professor of computer science and director of bioinformatics program at University of California, San Diego. He was elected a Fellow of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in 2019 for outstanding contributions to the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. He has also been a member of the Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB) conference steering committee. Yves Moreau Yves Moreau is a Professor of Engineering at KU Leuven. Moreau was elected a Fellow of the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) in 2018 for outstanding contributions to the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. Bernard Moret Bernard M. E. Moret (born 1953) is a Swiss-American computer scientist, an emeritus professor of Computer Science at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland. He is known for his work in computational phylogenetics, and in particular for mathematics and methods for computing phylogenetic trees using genome rearrangement events. Bernard Moret Moret is the author of The Theory of Computation (Addison-Wesley, 1998). With H. D. Shapiro, he is the co-author of Algorithms from P to NP, Volume I: Design and Efficiency (Benjamin Cummings, 1991). Henry Moret After Gauguin left the area in 1891, Moret began to develop his own style. In 1895, he established a fruitful relationship with Paul Durand-Ruel who maintained a number of galleries in Paris, London and New York, with an emphasis on Impressionism. During their relationship, Moret completed over 600 paintings, many of which were exhibited in Paris and New York leading to a growing clientele for his work. Moret also exhibited seven of his Breton paintings at the Salon des Indépendants. After 1900, Moret became more immersed in Impressionism, applying small flecks of paint to his work rather than the broad strokes favoured by the Pont-Aven artists. Increasingly he focused on landscapes where his light effects can be seen in the sunsets and storm scenes he painted around 1909. In addition to his oils for Durand-Ruel, he also completed some 800 watercolours and drawings. He died in Paris, aged 56. Didier Moret Moret was born in Riaz. He started ski mountaineering in 1996 and competed first in the Trophée de Plain Névé race on the Grand Muveran in the same year. He has been member of the national team since 2003 and enjoys also mountain biking and cross-country skiing. Segismundo Moret Moret was born in Cádiz on 2 June 1833. His mother's family, the Prendergasts, were of Irish descent. He studied at the Universidad Central in Madrid, where, in 1858, he became professor of political economy while he continued his studies in jurisprudence.	* École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) (graduated 1975) * University of Tennessee (graduated 1980)	information_extraction
How do I find my Tesla charging station?	Aptera (solar electric vehicle) On December 4, 2020, Aptera Motors revealed the Aptera solar-powered prototype including a photo showing what appears to be a Tesla Supercharger shaped connector being plugged into the Aptera's charging port. In July, 2022, the company started promoting the idea of making the Tesla charging station plug a US standard, making it eligible for US charging infrastructure grants. In November Tesla announced it was revising and opening its proprietary charging system to all, naming it the North American Charging Standard (NACS). A few weeks later Aptera confirmed it would use the newly opened Tesla NACS system and had selected Lectron EV as its EV charging equipment supplier. IONITY The 100th charging station was open to public in Rygge, Norway on 27 May 2019. On 20 December 2019 200th charging station was completed. Charging station Tesla, Inc. uses the term charging station as the location of a group of chargers, and the term connector for an individual charger. Charging station In 2012, Urban Green Energy introduced the world's first wind-powered electric vehicle charging station, the Sanya SkyPump. The design features a 4kW vertical-axis wind turbine paired with a GE WattStation. Tesla, Inc. In 2014, Tesla launched the Destination Charging location network by providing chargers to hotels, restaurants, shopping centers and resorts (and other locations where Tesla owners may spend an hour or more) to provide on-site vehicle charging at twice the power of a typical home charging station. SemaConnect The ChargePro charging station uses the North American standard SAEJ1772 connector for Level 2 charging. The ChargePro charging station is designed for installation in commercial properties including municipal, parking, multifamily, hotel, office and retail locations. The ChargePro can have a single or double head unit, and can come with or without a cable management system. Charging station In 2017, Tesla gave the owners of its Model S and Model X cars 400kWh of Supercharger credit, although this varied over time. The price ranges from $0.060.26/kWh in the United States. Tesla Superchargers are usable only by Tesla vehicles. Electric vehicle charging network In California the car maker Tesla has put up 18 public charging stations. Within the SF Bay Area Activities & Coalition has identified 109 locations to put up public charging stations beginning 2009 based on funding by ARRA. The last California ZEV Program Review symposium was held on 23. September 2009, the next one is scheduled for late summer 2010. In the past there had been a charging station network to support the General Motors EV1 that had installed 500 public charging station. Franklin Street, Adelaide In 2017, the first Tesla Superchargers in South Australia were installed in Franklin Street, , along with generic vehicle chargers> This completed an Australian Tesla charging network that stretches as far as the Brisbane, over away. Charging station In 2012, Tesla started building a proprietary fast-charging Tesla Supercharger network. In 2013, Tesla announced it would also support battery pack swaps, but that program was shut down.	Access charge settings by touching Controls > Charging when Tesla is in Park. You can also touch the battery icon on the touchscreen to access charge settings.	general_qa
Tell me whether matches in each sport is usually played individually or on a team: baseball, golf, tennis, wrestling, hockey	Beach tennis A depressurized tennis ball, which travels more slowly through the air than does a regulation tennis ball, is used for beach tennis to allow for longer rallies. The sport is usually played by two-person teams on a regulation beach-volleyball court with a 5-foot-7-inch-high net. Fritz Schmid (singer) The favorite artist likes to spend his spare time with music, painting and sport (golf, tennis, climbing...). Dunlop Slazenger The company is most recognised for its involvement in golf, tennis, squash and badminton through the Dunlop Sport, Slazenger, Maxfli and Carlton Sports brands. Major League Baseball rivalries Starting in 2023, MLB went to more balanced schedule. For the first time, every team in baseball will play every other team in baseball at least once. Baseball NT Alice Springs has six teams; Bulls, Cubs, Demons, Panthers, Redbacks and Venom. In Alice Springs, baseball is a summer sport, usually played between October and March. Baseball in Alice Springs is controlled by the Alice Springs Baseball Association. Sports in Jammu and Kashmir Snowshoe run was held in Srinagar as a part of winter sports to uplift the winter sports in kashmir. This sport is usually played in Europe and was introduced in Kashmir for the first time. Baseball NT The Katherine Baseball Association has four teams; Dodgers, Cubs, Angels and Braves. The sport is usually played between the months of February through to September, during the dry season. Predominantly, only under seventeen competitions are played due to a lack of interested players. Although a high percentage of participating players are successful in making local squads and Territory/ state teams. Charles B. Aycock High School Sports offered include: cheerleading, football, golf, soccer, tennis, wrestling, baseball, volleyball, cross country, track and field, and swimming. Most teams require the student to: try out, go to all practices, and maintain acceptable grades in all classes. Open (sport) Opens are usually found in golf, tennis, bowling, badminton, quizbowl, fighting games, snooker, darts, volleyball, ultimate, squash, CrossFit, Chess, and pickleball. Town Team Baseball Town Team Baseball is a variety of amateur baseball played in the United States. In Town Team baseball, sometimes also called townball, the teams represent either a given city or town, or a commercial enterprise which sponsors the team. Usually a statewide governing body sets uniform rules for two or more classes, including proximity (how close the player must live to the town for which he plays) and other eligibility rules, pay or stipends for players and coaches, boundaries, and rules to prevent players from switching teams without reason. Such governing bodies may also coordinate annual statewide playoffs, facilitate communication between teams and leagues, and help to arrange for training and placement of umpires.	Baseball: Team Golf: Individually Tennis: Individually Wrestling: Individually Hockey: Team	classification
How can a balance be drawn between capitalism and economic equality?	Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of economics and examining the development of capitalism and economic thought. Its focus is on how economic questions relate to environmentalism and power relations such as race, class, and gender. Anarchism and capitalism As anarcho-capitalism puts laissez-faire economics before economic equality, it is commonly viewed as incompatible with the anti-capitalist and egalitarian tradition of anarchism. Although anarcho-capitalist theory implies the abolition of the state in favour of a fully laissez-faire economy, it lies outside the tradition of anarchism. While using the language of anarchism, anarcho-capitalism only shares anarchism's antipathy towards the state and not anarchism's antipathy towards hierarchy as theorists expect from anarcho-capitalist economic power relations. It follows a different paradigm from anarchism and has a fundamentally different approach and goals. In spite of the anarcho- in its title, anarcho-capitalism is more closely affiliated with capitalism and right-libertarianism than with anarchism. Some within this laissez-faire tradition reject the designation of anarcho-capitalism, believing that capitalism may either refer to the laissez-faire market they support or the government-regulated system that they oppose. Law of equal liberty Anarchism and socialism's idea of equal liberty rests on political, social and economic equality of opportunity. Saul Newman's equal liberty is 'the idea that liberty and equality are inextricably linked, that one cannot be had without the other'. They both belong to the category of emancipation, they mutually resonate, and they are situated in a collective context. Equality does not come secondary to liberty, as usually happens under the liberal reading; the demand for it goes beyond the formal equality of rights and there is no tension between the two, no separation and conflict between individuals as passive recipients within society. Liberty is collective, as is its realization, being shared instead of diminished and being 'only imaginable in the contest of the liberty of all', and accompanied also by social and economic equality. The principle of equal-liberty is an 'open-ended horizon that allows for endless permutations and elaborations. Moreover, it is closer to anarchist political ethics: transcending the socialist as well as the liberal tradition, it entails that liberty and equality cannot be implemented within the state, and it interrogates all forms of domination and hierarchy. Bourgeois nation Fascism's conception of the bourgeois nation was influenced by the political and economic theories of Vilfredo Pareto, who criticized capitalism for causing moral disintegration of societies that deteriorates the political order of societies. Pareto's criticism of capitalism was focused on its moral aspects, and he did not criticize capitalism for economic inequality, which he supported. Pareto argued that as wealth increases, idealism decreases, causing both money and individuals to soften in strength. Pareto claimed that the only means to rectify this weakening of strength was violence, war, or revolution. Balance (puzzle) A balance puzzle is a mathematical puzzle which challenges the solver to distribute a subset of numbers so that the several sides of a stylized diagram representing a balance scale are equal. The balance puzzle is a classical number puzzle in the World Puzzle Championship. Commodification of nature Marxists define capitalism as a socio-economic system whose central goal is the accumulation of more wealth through the production and exchange of commodities. While the commodity form is not unique to capitalism, in it economic production is motivated increasingly by exchange. Competition provides constant pressure for innovation and growth in a restless and unstable process, making the system expansionary and tendentially all-encompassing. Anarcho-capitalism As anarcho-capitalism puts laissez-faire economics before economic equality, it is commonly viewed as incompatible with the anti-capitalist and egalitarian tradition of anarchism. Although anarcho-capitalist theory implies the abolition of the state in favour of a fully laissez-faire economy, it lies outside the tradition of anarchism. While using the language of anarchism, anarcho-capitalism only shares anarchism's antipathy towards the state and not anarchism's antipathy towards hierarchy as theorists expect from anarcho-capitalist economic power relations. It follows a different paradigm from anarchism and has a fundamentally different approach and goals. In spite of the anarcho- in its title, anarcho-capitalism is more closely affiliated with capitalism, right-libertarianism, and liberalism than with anarchism. Some within this laissez-faire tradition reject the designation of anarcho-capitalism, believing that capitalism may either refer to the laissez-faire market they support or the government-regulated system that they oppose. After Capitalism After Capitalism: Economic Democracy in Action is a 2012 book by United States author Dada Maheshvarananda, an activist, yoga monk and writer. The book argues that global capitalism is terminally ill because it suffers from four fatal flaws: growing inequity and concentration of wealth, addiction to speculation instead of production, rising unsustainable debt and its tendency to exploit the natural environment. The author proposes a grassroots movement for economic democracy with cooperatives and local economies based on the Progressive Utilization Theory or Prout, a post-capitalist model conceptualized by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar of India. The book includes a conversation with Noam Chomsky and essays by Frei Betto, Johan Galtung, Leonardo Boff, Sohail Inayatullah, Marcos Arruda, Ravi Batra and others. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Mikhail Bakunin Bakunin's socialism was known as collectivist anarchism, where socially: it seeks the confirmation of political equality by economic equality. This is not the removal of natural individual differences, but equality in the social rights of every individual from birth; in particular, equal means of subsistence, support, education, and opportunity for every child, boy or girl, until maturity, and equal resources and facilities in adulthood to create his own well-being by his own labor.	Capitalism, an economic system that promotes the private generation and ownership of wealth and resources, helps promote innovations and economic growth. However, when left unchecked, it can also be a factor in economic inequality, as people are generally unequal in terms of ideas, drive/grit to push through, and access to capital resources. These provide some dis-proportional advantages of the economic wealth and resources to a few. In an ideal world, most players are expected to be considerate and mindful of equitability and balanced economic development. However, this is seldom the case, hence an approach for drawing a balance is by having government policies and laws, that protect the interest of the general citizenry and prevent bad players from taking advantage of the system. This is a very difficult problem, and a lot of countries are still struggling with this dilemma of striking a balance.	general_qa
Classify if the following are hollywood or bollywood movies: Zanjeer; The Shawshank redemption; Sholay; Pride & prejudice	The Shawshank Redemption (soundtrack) The Shawshank Redemption is the original soundtrack of the 1994 film The Shawshank Redemption starring Morgan Freeman, Tim Robbins, Bob Gunton, William Sadler, Clancy Brown, and others. The Shawshank Redemption The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the 1982 Stephen King novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. It tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who is sentenced to life in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murders of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence. Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis Red Redding (Morgan Freeman), and becomes instrumental in a money-laundering operation led by the prison warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton). William Sadler, Clancy Brown, Gil Bellows, and James Whitmore appear in supporting roles. God Sees the Truth, But Waits Stephen King's novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption was widely thought to be based on Tolstoy's short story God Sees The Truth, But Waits, which Stephen King has disavowed. It was adapted into a feature film, The Shawshank Redemption (1994), starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman. Burton Hatlen Stephen King named a handful of his fictional characters after Burton Hatlen, including the prison librarian in Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption, whom King named Brooks Hatlen. Damned (novel) Palahniuk has described the novel as if The Shawshank Redemption had a baby by The Lovely Bones and it was raised by Judy Blume. and it's kind of like The Breakfast Club set in Hell. The Theatre Army Productions The list of Bollywood movies includes Teen Thay Bhai, Love Express, Student of the Year and Mausam. Mela (company) The Mela Bollywood movies channel on the popular Roku streaming player was launched in the U.S. in December 2011, offering hit Bollywood and regional South Asian films. It expanded to the UK in February 2012. Mela launched its iPad app globally with the Bollywood movies in January 2012. In April 2012, Mela's platform expanded to include PC's. Roger Nair Roger Nair is a producer, director, distributor and writer of Bollywood movies and Hollywood movies in Canada and India. He has produced or distributed films such as Guru, Kabhi Bhi Kahin Bhi, Supari. Zanjeer (1998 film) Zanjeer: The Chain is a 1998 Bollywood action film directed by Shibu Mitra starring Aditya Pancholi, Pratibha Sinha and Shakti Kapoor in the lead role. Persuasion (novel) Unlike Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice, Persuasion was not rewritten from earlier drafts of novels that Austen had originally started before 1800.	Zanjeer and Sholay are bollywood moves. The Shawshank redemption and Pride & Prejudice are hollywood movies.	classification
How many albums has Taylor Swift released?	Treacherous (Taylor Swift song) Swift released her third studio album, Speak Now in 2010, she wrote the album entirely by herself and co-produced it by her long time collaborator, Nathan Chapman. The album Country music One of the most commercially successful country artists of the late 2000s and early 2010s has been singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Swift first became widely known in 2006 when her debut single, Tim McGraw, was released when Swift was only 16 years old. In 2006, Swift released her self-titled debut studio album, which spent 275 weeks on Billboard 200, one of the longest runs of any album on that chart. In 2008, Taylor Swift released her second studio album, Fearless, which made her the second longest number-one charted on Billboard 200 and the second best-selling album (just behind Adele's 21) within the past 5 years. At the 2010 Grammys, Taylor Swift was 20 and won Album of the Year for Fearless, which made her the youngest artist to win this award. Swift has received eleven Grammys already. Taylor Swift albums discography American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift has released 10 original studio albums, 2 re-recorded studio albums, 4 extended plays, 3 live albums, and 19 other minor works. One of the best-selling music artists, she has sold an estimated 114 million album units worldwide. As of 2019, her US albums sales stood at 37.3 million and her UK albums sales 3.34 million. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), Swift has accumulated 49 million certified album units in the United States. As of November 2022, she is the woman with the most weeks (60) at number one on the US Billboard 200. Taylor Swift (album) Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released by Big Machine Records on October 24, 2006, in the United States and Canada, and March 18, 2008, internationally. Swift had signed with Sony/ATV Tree publishing house in 2004, at age 14, to pursue a career as a country musician. Her contract with Big Machine in 2005 enabled her to work on the album during her first high school year. The Best Day (Taylor Swift song) Taylor Swift released her second studio album, Fearless, on November 11, 2008, through Big Machine Records. Swift wrote or co-wrote all tracks and co-produced the album with Nathan Chapman. Although much of Fearless is primarily about the challenges of love from a teenage girl's perspectives, a few songs are about life lessons and family love. Taylor Swift masters controversy From 2006 to 2017, Swift released six studio albums with Big Machine: Taylor Swift (2006), Fearless (2008), Speak Now (2010), Red (2012), 1989 (2014), and Reputation (2017), all of which were commercially lucrative and established Swift as one of the most successful music artists in history. Although Big Machine owned the masters, Swift retained the publishing rights to the albums due to her role as the main songwriter of all of the songs she had released under the label. This would allow her to re-record the songs in the future if she desired, as per the artist-label agreement that limits the artist from re-recording a song for a fixed period of time; Swift would not have been able to re-record her musical work had she not been a songwriter. Red (Taylor Swift song) Singer-songwriter Taylor Swift released her third studio album, Speak Now, in October 2010. She wrote the album entirely by herself and co-produced it with Nathan Chapman, her longtime collaborator. The album's sound expands on the country pop sound of her two previous albums, with elements of radio-friendly pop crossover that had been evident on its predecessor Fearless (2008). On Speak Now follow-up, Red, Swift aimed to experiment beyond her previous albums' formulaic country pop sound. State of Grace (song) In October 2010, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift released her third studio album Speak Now, which she wrote and co-produced with Nathan Chapman, her long-time collaborator. The album extends the country pop sound of Swift's two previous albums with elements of radio-friendly pop crossover that are evident on its predecessor Fearless (2008). Taylor Swift masters controversy The Taylor Swift masters controversy refers to the dispute of American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift with her former record label, Big Machine Records, its founder Scott Borchetta, and new owner Scooter Braun, over the ownership of the master recordings of her first six studio albums. It was a highly publicized conflict, drawing widespread attention and media coverage. Jim Malec Malec is noteworthy for his coverage of Taylor Swift in the early stages of her career, referring to her as a superstar in the making in 2007. His 2011 article Taylor Swift: The Garden In The Machine chronicles Swift's move to Nashville and her integration into the Nashville songwriting community.	10 albums.	open_qa
Tell me whether these are a solid, liquid, or gas	Radiant heating and cooling Heat radiation is the energy in the form of electromagnetic waves emitted by a solid, liquid, or gas as a result of its temperature. Capillary surface where the subscripts formula_40, formula_41, and formula_42 respectively indicate the liquid–gas, solid–gas, and solid–liquid interfaces. Note that inclusion of gravity would require consideration of the volume enclosed by the capillary surface and the solid walls. Wetting which relates the surface tensions between the three phases: solid, liquid and gas. Subsequently, this predicts the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a solid surface from knowledge of the three surface energies involved. This equation also applies if the gas phase is another liquid, immiscible with the droplet of the first liquid phase. Superfluid helium-4 Figure 1 is the phase diagram of He. It is a pressure-temperature (p-T) diagram indicating the solid and liquid regions separated by the melting curve (between the liquid and solid state) and the liquid and gas region, separated by the vapor-pressure line. This latter ends in the critical point where the difference between gas and liquid disappears. The diagram shows the remarkable property that He is liquid even at absolute zero. He is only solid at pressures above 25 bar. Ideal surface which relates the surface tensions between the three phases: solid, liquid and gas. Subsequently, this predicts the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a solid surface from knowledge of the three surface energies involved. This equation also applies if the gas phase is another liquid, immiscible with the droplet of the first liquid phase. Supercritical liquid–gas boundaries Supercritical liquid–gas boundaries are lines in the pressure-temperature (pT) diagram that delimit more liquid-like and more gas-like states of a supercritical fluid. They comprise the Fisher–Widom line, the Widom line, and the Frenkel line. Fuel Chemical fuels are divided in two ways. First, by their physical properties, as a solid, liquid or gas. Secondly, on the basis of their occurrence: primary (natural fuel) and secondary (artificial fuel). Thus, a general classification of chemical fuels is: Liquid Liquid is one of the four primary states of matter, with the others being solid, gas and plasma. A liquid is a fluid. Unlike a solid, the molecules in a liquid have a much greater freedom to move. The forces that bind the molecules together in a solid are only temporary in a liquid, allowing a liquid to flow while a solid remains rigid. Universe Ordinary matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. Goldschmidt classification Hydrogen, which occurs in the compound water, is also classed as an atmophile. Water is classified as a volatile, because most of it is liquid or gas, even though it does exist as a solid compound on the surface.	book, oxygen, water, juice, coffee, nitrogen, mug, glasses, metal	classification
Have any Defensive players won the Heisman Trophy?	Oklahoma Sooners football The Heisman Trophy is awarded annually to the nation's most outstanding college football player. Seven Oklahoma players have won the Heisman Trophy, six more finished runner-up. Kyler Murray is the most recent winner having won the 2018 Heisman Trophy. Senior Bowl The following players who won the Heisman Trophy also played in the Senior Bowl. To date, the only Heisman Trophy winner to be named Senior Bowl MVP was Pat Sullivan in 1972. Ohio State Buckeyes football Ohio State players have won the Heisman Trophy seven times, which ties Notre Dame and Oklahoma (7) for the most awards for any school. Archie Griffin is the only two-time recipient in the history of the award. 2006 Rose Bowl A few weeks before the game, USC's Reggie Bush won the Heisman Trophy (since vacated in 2010) ahead of second-place finisher Vince Young. Bush had the second-highest number of first place votes in Heisman history (behind O. J. Simpson) and the highest percentage of first-place votes, while Young had a record number of second-place votes. Bush's 933-point margin of victory was the 17th highest in Heisman voting history. The other finalist was USC's Matt Leinart, who had won the Heisman trophy in 2004. This meant that the Rose Bowl would mark the first time that two Heisman-trophy winners had ever played in the same backfield. Heisman Trophy The Heisman Memorial Trophy (usually known colloquially as the Heisman Trophy or The Heisman) is awarded annually to the most outstanding player in college football. Winners epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance, and hard work. It is presented by the Heisman Trophy Trust in early December before the postseason bowl games. Davey O'Brien When Tim Brown won the Heisman Trophy in 1987, it made Woodrow Wilson High School in Dallas the distinction of being the first to produce two Heisman winners. Glossary of baseball (F) Any defensive player (the offense being batters and runners). Often, defensive players are distinguished as either pitchers or position players. Position players are further divided into infielders and outfielders. Big Eight Conference football Seven players from the Big Eight won the Heisman Trophy, the most prestigious national award for college football players: Army Black Knights football Three players from Army have won the Heisman Trophy: Doc Blanchard (1945), Glenn Davis (1946), and Pete Dawkins (1958). Greg Harden Desmond Howard won the Heisman Trophy in 1991. Howard describes Harden's influence as: “If Greg Harden wasn’t at the University of Michigan...I don’t win the Heisman.”	Charles Woodson is the only Heisman Trophy Winner who was primarily a defensive player.	general_qa
Given a reference text about Pultenaea empetrifolia, tell me the colors of its flowers.	Pultenaea empetrifolia Pultenaea empetrifolia is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of up to and has glabrous stems. The leaves are cylindrical and curved strongly downwards with one or two grooves along the lower surface, long and wide with stipules at the base. The flowers are yellow to orange and red, and sessile or on a pedicel about up to long. The sepals are hairy and long with hairy bracteoles long at the base. The standard petal is long, the wings long and the keel long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pod. Pultenaea empetrifolia Pultenaea empetrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub with down-curved, cylindrical, grooved leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers. Pultenaea ericifolia Pultenaea ericifolia is an erect or scrambling shrub that typically grows to a height of and has glabrous stems. The leaves are cylindrical and curved strongly downwards with one or two grooves along the lower surface, long and wide with stipules about long at the base. The flowers are yellow to orange and red, and sessile with hairy sepals long. The are bracteoles at the base of the sepals. The standard petal yellow to orange with a red base and long, the wings long and the keel long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pod. Pultenaea brachyphylla Pultenaea brachyphylla is an erect, spindly shrub that typically grows to a height of up to with glabrous stems. The leaves are cylindrical but with a groove along the upper surface, long and wide and hairy with stipules at the base. The flowers are yellow, orange and brown with mulitcoloured blotches. The flowers are sessile or borne on a pedicel up to long with hairy bracteoles long. The sepals are long and hairy. The standard petal is long, the wings are long and the keel long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is an oval pod. Pultenaea brachytropis Pultenaea brachytropis is an erect, spindly shrub that typically grows to a height of up to with hairy stems. The leaves are cylindrical but with one or two grooves along the lower surface, long and wide and hairy with stipules at the base. The flowers are yellow, red and orange with mulitcoloured marks. The flowers are sessile or borne on a pedicel up to long with hairy bracteoles long. The sepals are about long and hairy. The standard petal is long, the wings long and the keel long. Flowering occurs from September to November and the fruit is an oval pod. Pultenaea purpurea Pultenaea purpurea is a prostrate shrub that typically grows to a height of . The leaves are cylindrical, long, wide and hairy with stipules long at the base. The flowers are yellow-orange with red or purplish marks, each flower on a hairy pedicel about long. The sepals are hairy and long with hairy bracteoles long at the base. The standard petal is long, the wings long and the keel long. Flowering mainly occurs from September to December and the fruit is a flattened pod. Pultenaea spinulosa Pultenaea spinulosa is a shrub that typically grows to a height of and has hairy stems. The leaves are flat, long and wide with stipules at the base. The flowers are uniformly yellow, each flower on a hairy pedicel long with hairy bracteoles long attached to the pedicel. The sepals are hairy, long, the standard petal long, the wings long and the keel long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a flattened pod. Pultenaea tenuifolia Pultenaea tenuifolia is a spreading or low-lying to prostrate and mat-forming shrub that typically grows to a height of up to with hairy branches up to long. The leaves are narrow lance-shaped, mostly long and wide with stipules long at the base. The leaves are channelled on the upper surface and often clustered. The flowers are long, sessile and arranged singly or in pairs at the ends of short side-branches surrounded by clustered leaves. The sepals are long and joined at the base with hairy egg-shaped to oblong lobes and bracteoles about long at the base. The petals are yellow to orange and red, the standard petal wide, the wings oblong to egg-shaped and long and the keel semi-circular and long. Flowering occurs from August to December and the fruit is a hairy, egg-shaped pod. Pultenaea linophylla Pultenaea linophylla is an erect or prostrate shrub that typically grows to a height of and has wiry, spreading branches. The leaves are linear to elliptic or wedge-shaped, long and wide with dark brown, triangular to lance-shaped stipules long at the base. The upper surface of the leaves is darker than the lower. The flowers are arranged in groups of four to six on the ends of short branches and are long, each flower on a pedicel long. There are overlapping narrow egg-shaped to round, three-lobed bracts long at the base of the flowers. The sepals are long and densely hairy with linear to egg-shaped, three-lobed bracteoles long attached to the side of the sepal tube. The standard is yellow to orange and long, the wings are yellow to red and the keel is red to purple. Flowering occurs in most months but mainly from September to October and the fruit is a flattened, hairy pod about long. Pultenaea polifolia Pultenaea polifolia is an erect to prostrate shrub that typically grows to a height of up to with hairy stems. The leaves are arranged alternately, linear or elliptic to egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long, wide with stipules long at the base and pressed against the stem. The edge of the leaves curves downwards, the upper surface is glabrous and the lower surface is paler and hairy. The flowers are arranged in clusters of more than three on the ends of branches and are long, each flower on a pedicel long with overlapping, three-lobed bracts long at the base. The sepals are long, joined at the base, and there are narrow egg-shaped bracteoles about long attached to the sepal tube. The standard petal is yellow to red and wide, the wings are yellow to orange and the keel is red to purple. Flowering occurs from October to November and the fruit is a flattened pod long.	The Pultenaea empetrifolia has yellow to orange and red flowers.	closed_qa
What is the dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web?	UTF-8 UTF-8 is the dominant encoding for the World Wide Web (and internet technologies), accounting for 98.0% of all web pages, and up to 100.0% for many languages, as of 2022. Ken Thompson In 1992, Thompson developed the UTF-8 encoding scheme together with Rob Pike. UTF-8 encoding has since become the dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web, accounting for more than 90% of all web pages in 2019. Popularity of text encodings UTF-8 has been the most common encoding for the World Wide Web since 2008. , UTF-8 accounts for on average 98.0% of all web pages (and 989 of the top 1,000 highest ranked web pages, the next most popular encoding, ISO-8859-1, is used by 9 of those sites). UTF-8 includes ASCII as a subset; almost no websites declare only ASCII used. UTF-8 UTF-8 has been the most common encoding for the World Wide Web since 2008. , UTF-8 accounts for on average 98.0% of all web pages (and 990 of the top 1,000 highest ranked web pages). Although many pages only use ASCII characters to display content, few websites now declare their encoding to only be ASCII instead of UTF-8. Over a third of the languages tracked have 100% UTF-8 use. Unicode Unicode, in the form of UTF-8, has been the most common encoding for the World Wide Web since 2008. It has near-universal adoption, and much of the non-UTF-8 content is found in other Unicode encodings, e.g. UTF-16. , UTF-8 accounts for on average 97.8% of all web pages (and 988 of the top 1,000 highest ranked web pages). Although many pages only use ASCII characters to display content, UTF-8 was designed with 8-bit ASCII as a subset and almost no websites now declare their encoding to only be ASCII instead of UTF-8. Over a third of the languages tracked have 100% UTF-8 use. ASCII ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when UTF-8 encoding surpassed it; UTF-8 is backward compatible with ASCII. Topology of the World Wide Web World Wide Web topology is the network topology of the World Wide Web, as seen as a network of web pages connected by hyperlinks. UTF-16 UTF-16 is the only web-encoding incompatible with ASCII and never gained popularity on the web, where it is declared by under 0.002% (little over 1 thousandth of 1 percent) of web pages, and even then UTF-8 is often used, even though UTF-16 is (also) specified (i.e. because of contradictory character encoding specifications and/or incorrect character encoding defined). UTF-8, by comparison, accounts for 98% of all web pages. The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) considers UTF-8 the mandatory encoding for all [text] and that for security reasons browser applications should not use UTF-16. World Wide Web Consortium The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 and led by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. , W3C had 459 members. W3C also engages in education and outreach, develops software and serves as an open forum for discussion about the Web. Consortium Another example is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which is a consortium that standardizes web technologies like HTML, XML and CSS.	The dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web is UTF-8. It is used by 97.9% of all web pages.	information_extraction
Give me a list of best Studio Ghibli Films	Studio Ghibli In October 2001, the Ghibli Museum opened in Mitaka, Tokyo. It contains exhibits based on Studio Ghibli films and shows animations, including a number of short Studio Ghibli films not available elsewhere. Studio Ghibli Whether the stories have been adapted from manga comics or written from scratch, they all have the tendency to connect with the audience on a human level. Studio Ghibli films are mostly hand-drawn using rich water and acrylic colors and the films have less that ten percent use of modern technology such as CAD. Even today, with the technological advancement in the field of filmmaking, the studio still believes in using the old and traditional method of making animated films. All the Studio Ghibli films are rich in color, and they tend to use intricate watercolor and acrylic 2D animation with vivid colors (particularly greens), and have a whimsical and joyful aesthetic. Studio Ghibli The studio has mainly produced films by Miyazaki, with the second most prolific director being Takahata (most notably with Grave of the Fireflies). Other directors who have worked with Studio Ghibli include Yoshifumi Kondō, Hiroyuki Morita, Gorō Miyazaki, and Hiromasa Yonebayashi. Composer Joe Hisaishi has provided the soundtracks for most of Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli films. In their book Anime Classics Zettai!, Brian Camp and Julie Davis made note of Michiyo Yasuda as a mainstay of Studio Ghibli's extraordinary design and production team. At one time the studio was based in Kichijōji, Musashino, Tokyo. Studio Ghibli For the purposes of the list below, films that appear in Studio Ghibli's official filmography are listed. Other Studio Ghibli productions are listed here. Short films by Studio Ghibli is a 2001 short film shown only in the Ghibli Museum in Mitaka, Japan. The film has a running time of 16 minutes. It is drawn in a different, simpler style compared to other Studio Ghibli films, and uses bright pastel colors. Studio Ghibli Horus and Cagliostro were the feature-length directorial debuts of Isao Takahata and Hayao Miyazaki respectively, and were produced by Toei Animation and TMS Entertainment years before the founding of Studio Ghibli. Short films by Studio Ghibli is a 2006 Japanese animated short film produced by anime studio Studio Ghibli. It can be seen at the Ghibli Museum in Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. Short films by Studio Ghibli Studio Ghibli is a Japanese animation film studio founded in 1985. In addition to producing 18 feature films, the studio has produced several short films, including commercials, films for the Ghibli Museum, music videos, and works released directly to video. Witch Hat Atelier Writing for Barnes & Noble, Kelly Chiu listed the series on her list of The Perfect Manga Matches for 10 Studio Ghibli Movies, and recommended the series to fans of Studio Ghibli's Spirited Away. Studio Ghibli In 2013, a documentary directed by Mami Sunada called was created delving into the lives of those working at Studio Ghibli and the productions of the animated films The Wind Rises and The Tale of the Princess Kaguya, including storyboard sketching, inking, painting, and voice actor selection for the films.	1. My Neighbour Totoro 2. Princess Mononoke 3. Howl's Moving Castle 4. Spirited Away 5. Kiki's Delivery Service 6. The tale of Princess Kaguya 7. Grave of the Fireflies 8. The Red Turtle 9. Ocean Waves 10. From Up on Poppy Hill	brainstorming
Extract from the text what are the Proteins functions in the organism, and separate them with a comma,	Protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. SEA-PHAGES These online programs are used to predict the functions of proteins by comparison of the amino acid or nucleotide sequences of all genomes sequenced, not just that of phages. HHPred detects homology in the sequences with other proteins that have had their functions called in any organism. Also, if the protein has been identified in another sequence, the computer-generated structure might be provided to visualize the possible folding of the amino acids. Protein A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; but in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by post-translational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Some proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes. Protein structure Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers specifically polypeptides formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein. To be able to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins. Ancient protein Ancient proteins are the ancestors of modern proteins that survive as molecular fossils. Certain structural features of functional importance, particularly relating to metabolism and reproduction, are often conserved through geologic time. Early proteins consisted of simple amino acids, with more complicated amino acids being formed at a later stage through biosynthesis. Such late-arising amino acids included molecules like: histidine, phenylalanine, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. Ancient enzymatic proteins performed basic metabolic functions and required the presence of specific co-factors. The characteristics and ages of these proteins can be traced through comparisons of multiple genomes, the distribution of specific architectures, amino acid sequences, and the signatures of specific products caused by particular enzymatic activities. Alpha and beta proteins (α/β) are considered the oldest class of proteins. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid When Watson and Crick produced their double helix model of DNA, it was known that most of the specialized features of the many different life forms on Earth are made possible by proteins. Structurally, proteins are long chains of amino acid subunits. In some way, the genetic molecule, DNA, had to contain instructions for how to make the thousands of proteins found in cells. From the DNA double helix model, it was clear that there must be some correspondence between the linear sequences of nucleotides in DNA molecules to the linear sequences of amino acids in proteins. The details of how sequences of DNA instruct cells to make specific proteins was worked out by molecular biologists during the period from 1953 to 1965. Francis Crick played an integral role in both the theory and analysis of the experiments that led to an improved understanding of the genetic code. HH-suite Proteins are central players in all of life's processes. Understanding them is central to understanding molecular processes in cells. This is particularly important in order to understand the origin of diseases. But for a large fraction of the approximately 20 000 human proteins the structures and functions remain unknown. Many proteins have been investigated in model organisms such as many bacteria, baker's yeast, fruit flies, zebra fish or mice, for which experiments can be often done more easily than with human cells. To predict the function, structure, or other properties of a protein for which only its sequence of amino acids is known, the protein sequence is compared to the sequences of other proteins in public databases. If a protein with sufficiently similar sequence is found, the two proteins are likely to be evolutionarily related (homologous). In that case, they are likely to share similar structures and functions. Therefore, if a protein with a sufficiently similar sequence and with known functions and/or structure can be found by the sequence search, the unknown protein's functions, structure, and domain composition can be predicted. Such predictions greatly facilitate the determination of the function or structure by targeted validation experiments. Protein Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyse biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. In animals, proteins are needed in the diet to provide the essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized. Digestion breaks the proteins down for metabolic use. Proteins@home The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional structure, or 'fold'. Conversely, the three-dimensional structure is compatible with a large, but limited set of amino acid sequences. Enumerating the allowed sequences for a given fold is known as the 'inverse protein folding problem'. We are working to solve this problem for a large number of known protein folds (a representative subset: about 1500 folds). The most expensive step is to build a database of energy functions that describe all these structures. For each structure, we consider all possible sequences of amino acids. Surprisingly, this is computationally tractable, because our energy functions are sums over pairs of interactions. Once this is done, we can explore the space of amino acid sequences in a fast and efficient way, and retain the most favorable sequences. This large-scale mapping of protein sequence space will have applications for predicting protein structure and function, for understanding protein evolution, and for designing new proteins. By joining the project, you will help to build the database of energy functions and advance an important area of science with potential biomedical applications. YARS Living cells translate DNA sequences into RNA sequences and then into protein sequences. Proteins are chains of amino acids, such as tyrosine. As the protein grows, each amino acid is added to the end by an enzyme called transfer RNA (tRNA). Each amino acid has its own tRNA, and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is the tRNA that adds tyrosine to the end of a growing protein.	catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, transporting molecules from one location to another	information_extraction
Who won the 2022 Masters golf tournament?	2022 Masters Tournament The 2022 Masters Tournament was the 86th edition of the Masters Tournament, the first of the four major golf championships of 2022, held April 7–10 at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Dunlop Sport The Dunlop Masters golf tournament was established in 1946. It was sponsored by Dunlop until 1982, and is now known as the British Masters. Scottie Scheffler Scott Alexander Scheffler (born June 21, 1996) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. From March to October 2022, he was World Number 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking. He won the 2022 Masters Tournament. German Masters (golf) The German Masters was a European Tour men's professional golf tournament played in Germany, and hosted and promoted by Germany's most successful golfer Bernhard Langer and his brother Erwin. Georgia (U.S. state) The Masters golf tournament, the first of the PGA Tour's four majors, is held annually the second weekend of April at the Augusta National Golf Club. 2022 Masters Tournament Scottie Scheffler shot a one-under round of 71 to win his first Masters and major championship by three shots. 2022 Masters (snooker) The 2022 Masters (officially the 2022 Cazoo Masters) was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 9 and 16 January 2022 at Alexandra Palace in London, England. It was the 48th staging of the Masters tournament, which was first held in 1975, and the second of three Triple Crown events in the 2021–22 snooker season, following the 2021 UK Championship and preceding the 2022 World Snooker Championship. Broadcast by the BBC and Eurosport in Europe, it was sponsored for the first time by car retailer Cazoo. Berenberg Masters The Berenberg Masters was a men's golf tournament on the European Senior Tour. The tournament was held from 2010 to 2013. It was sponsored by and named for Berenberg Bank. Emory University Bobby Jones (Law 1929), the only golfer to win a Grand Slam, founder of the Masters Golf Tournament, and regarded as one of the greatest golfers of all time; 2022 Masters Tournament Tiger Woods was playing in his first tournament since the 2020 Masters and opened with a one-under-par 71, tied for 10th place after 18 holes. Defending champion Hideki Matsuyama shot an ever-par 72.	Scotty Scheffler	open_qa
What is the appeal to baby led weaning?	Baby-led weaning Rapley, G. & Murkett, T. (2005). Baby Led Weaning: the essential guide to introducing solid foods and helping your baby to grow up a happy and confident eater. New York, NY: The experiment, LLC. Baby-led weaning Initial self-feeding attempts often result in very little food ingested as the baby explores textures and tastes through play, but the baby will soon start to swallow and digest what is offered. Although breastfeeding is the ideal nutritional precursor to baby led weaning (as the baby has been exposed to different flavors via its mother's breast milk), it is also entirely possible to introduce a formula-fed baby to solids using the BLW approach. Formula-fed babies can successfully wean using BLW. Orca (dog) After the birth of Cheryl's daughter, Orca also learned to fetch nappies, baby wipes, and a changing mat. He could help with dressing the baby. This led to further fame for the Canine Partner. Weaning Weaning is the process of gradually introducing an infant human or another mammal to what will be its adult diet while withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk. Weaning During this weaning process the puppies will learn from their litter-mates, and from their mother certain behaviors such as understanding dominance, and learning to reduce their biting habit and when to be submissive to others. Baby-led weaning Baby-led weaning (often also referred to as BLW) is an approach to adding complementary foods to a baby's diet of breast milk or formula. BLW facilitates oral motor development and strongly focuses on the family meal, while maintaining eating as a positive, interactive experience. Baby-led weaning allows babies to control their solid food consumption by self-feeding from the start of their experience with food. The term weaning does not imply giving up breast milk or formula, but simply indicates the introduction of foods other than breast milk or formula. US Senate career of Joe Biden Biden ran for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination, formally declaring his candidacy at the Wilmington train station on June 9, 1987. He was attempting to become the youngest president since John F. Kennedy. When the campaign began, he was considered a potentially strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability on the stump, his appeal to Baby Boomers, his high-profile position as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his fundraising appeal. He raised $1.7 million in the first quarter of 1987, more than any other candidate. Joe Biden Biden formally declared his candidacy for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination on June 9, 1987. He was considered a strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his appeal to Baby Boomers; he would have been the second-youngest person elected president, after John F. Kennedy. He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than any other candidate. Baby-led weaning Baby-led weaning (term self-attributed to Michael Barrientos) places the emphasis on exploring taste, texture, color and smell as the baby sets their own pace for the meal, choosing which foods to concentrate on. Instead of the traditional method of spooning pureed food into the baby's mouth, the baby takes part in family mealtimes and is presented with a variety of foods in easy-to-grasp pieces, which he or she can freely choose and explore. Infants are offered a range of foods to provide a balanced diet from around 6 months. Ideally, these will be the same foods that the rest of the family is eating, provided these foods are suitable for the infant. On Becoming Baby Wise Baby Wise has been criticized by mainstream health care professionals for giving dangerously wrong information about infant growth, feeding, sleep and development. Critics include, for example, T. Berry Brazelton, developer of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale; and Arnold Tanis, of the Florida Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The Baby Wise program has been associated with infantile failure to thrive, dehydration, malnutrition, problems with milk supply in breastfeeding mothers, and involuntary early weaning.	Baby led weaning, or BLW, is the practice of weaning a baby from breast feeding naturally by allowing the child to begin eating solid food freely by their own choice. For example, while the care takers are eating a meal, allowing the child (at any age) to pick food from the care taker's plate. There is the thought is that the human body will self regulate what it needs instinctively. The notion of self regulation applies to nutrients found in the food as well as the amount of food that the body need. The mainstream alternative (especially in first world countries) is pureed foods prepared especially for babies. Those that subscribe to BLW believe that the downside of feeding babies baby specific food is that the practice teaches babies to ignore natural instincts because someone else is in control of what type and how much food to eat. Some reasons people choose not to follow BLW are: the misconception that babies cannot eat solid food, the convenience of prepared commercial baby food, generally accepted mainstream guidance on baby rearing, or the lack of awareness of BLW. BLW can also be quite messy as some of the food babies will handle are a function of exploration rather than for consumption and therefore end up on the floor.	general_qa
Give me a list of different ways to brew coffee	Cold brew coffee Production of Nitro cold brew coffee begins with the making of cold brew coffee. Once the grounds are adequately steeped, the coffee is put into a room-temperature bottle or keg. As the cold brew is poured, it is charged with nitrogen to give it a rich, creamy head of foam, similar to draft beer. Though most beers and soft drinks are infused with carbon dioxide, nitrogen is occasionally used in darker stouts, resulting in a smoother finish. Nitro cold brew is typically served chilled, as ice would damage the foamy top. Cold brew coffee Cold brew coffee originated in Japan, where it has been a traditional method of coffee brewing for centuries. Slow-drip cold brew, also known as Kyoto-style, or as Dutch coffee in East Asia (after the name of coffee essences brought to Asia by the Dutch), refers to a process in which water is dripped through coffee grounds at room temperature over the course of many hours. Cold brew can be infused with nitrogen to make nitro cold brew coffee. Cold brew coffee Nitro cold brew is a variation of cold brew coffee that uses the addition of nitrogen gas to create a smooth texture. It was created in the early 2010s. Nicola Gomirato The idea came from the Italian custom of preparing coffee with a caffettiera (a coffee percolator) it is a type of pot used to brew coffee. Cold brew coffee Because the ground coffee beans in cold-brewed coffee never come into contact with heated water, the process of leaching flavor from the beans produces a chemical profile different from conventional brewing methods. Coffee beans contain a number of parts that are more soluble at higher temperatures, such as caffeine, oils and fatty acids. However brewing at a lower temperature for 24 hours results in higher caffeine content when brewed in equal volume compared to 6 minutes at . The pH of cold and hot brew coffee is similar but cold brew coffee has a lower titratable acid concentration. Both pH and titratable acidity influence taste. J. Rieger & Co. Caffè Amaro is blend of a traditional Amaro with cold brew coffee. , Caffè Amaro is characterized by its bitter, slightly sweet flavor which stems from the use of botanicals, herbs, and cane syrup. Caffè Amaro is a collaborative spirit with Kansas City-based coffee roasters, Thou Mayest, who selects a single origin coffee roast to make a cold brew coffee that is used to cut the Amaro spirit base to proof. The product spends a brief amount of time in barrel. Jägermeister In 2019 launched Cold Brew Coffee Liqueur, using its original recipe with fair trade coffee and cacao added. Cold brew coffee Cold brew coffee, also called cold water extraction or cold pressing, is the process of steeping coffee grounds in water at cool temperatures for an extended period. Coarse-ground beans are soaked in water for about 12 to 24 hours. SoftBrew In order to brew coffee using the Sowden SoftBrew, coffee grounds are placed into the filter (which sits in a pot), water is poured over covering the grounds and left to brew for at least 4 minutes to overnight for a stronger cold brew. Grady's Cold Brew Grady's Cold Brew is an American coffee company known for its New Orleans-style cold brew coffee. Founded in 2011, the company is based in The Bronx, New York.	Drip brew, french press, espresso, pour over, percolator	brainstorming
What sport is Ruud Gullit known for	Ruud Gullit Sagaf Yunus Ruud Gullit Sagaf Yunus (born 9 December 1992) is Indonesian footballer who currently plays for PSIS Semarang as a midfielder. Ruud Gullit Sagaf Yunus According to the coach of Subangkit, Ruud Gullit has a breaker role and could be an alternative when the defensive midfielder player, Ahmad Agung and Saddam Sudarma was absent. Ruud Gullit Gullit embarked on the Heineken Champions League Trophy Tour in 2016 where he visited Vietnam with Carles Puyol. Asante Gullit Okyere Gullit Asante Okyere (born 23 May 1988) is an Italian footballer descent who plays as a forward for Prevalle. He was named after Dutch footballer Ruud Gullit. Ruud Gullit Sagaf Yunus Gullit's father idolized Dutch Ruud Gullit and even chose Ruud Gullit's name as a prayer so that later on, his son could be as same as the Dutch football legend. Gullit is also the only one in the family who pursue a career as a footballer. Gullit's two older brothers were named 'standard' by his father, Zulkifli and Muhammad Irfan. According to Gullit, At first his name was a burden, because it always attracted people's attention. But over time, Gullit realized that the name is a father's prayer also, every time he appeared on the football pitch. Maxim Gullit His father is former Netherlands international Ruud Gullit. His mother Estelle Cruijff is the daughter of Henny Cruijff, Johan Cruyff's brother. His maternal grandmother, Jadranka Lokas, is an ethnic Croat from Šibenik. Ruud Gullit By 2006, Gullit had a talk show on Dutch TV, where he has interviewed, amongst others, Nelson Mandela. When Gullit was named winner of the Ballon d'Or in 1987, he dedicated the award to the then imprisoned Nelson Mandela. Gullit has since said in interviews that he met Mandela after he was released, and that Mandela had said to him, Ruud, I have lots of friends now. When I was on the inside, you were one of the few. Ruud Gullit In 2013, Gullit and many other former footballers were brought into EA Sports's FIFA 14 as Legends cards in FIFA Ultimate Team; his card is one of the highest rated in the game. Ruud Gullit Before the start of the 2004–05 season, Gullit took charge of Feyenoord, quitting at the end of that season without winning any trophies, being replaced by Erwin Koeman. Feyenoord had finished a disappointing fourth in the Eredivisie, behind Ajax, PSV and AZ. Ruud Gullit On 11 August 2008, Gullit resigned as coach of the Galaxy, citing personal reasons. This came following a seven-game winless streak. General manager Lalas was fired at the same time.	Ruud Gullit is best known for his career in professional football, most notably for his time with Dutch club Ajax.	open_qa
Name some books that Jane Austen is best known for.	Isabella St. John Her heavily annotated copy of Jane Austen's Mansfield Park is discussed in The Lost Books of Jane Austen (2019) by Janine Barchas. Jane Austen in popular culture Jane Austen and her death were the subject of Kathleen A. Flynn's 2017 novel The Jane Austen Project and Lindsay Ashford's 2011 novel The Mysterious Death of Miss Jane Austen. Jane Austen in popular culture Jane Austen features as an amateur sleuth in Stephanie Barron's Jane Austen series of historical mystery novels. Becoming Jane Austen Becoming Jane Austen was published in hardcover by Hambledon Continuum in 2003. It chronicles the early life of Jane Austen, the encounters and the developing relationship between Austen and Tom Lefroy, based on letters sent by Jane Austen to her sister Cassandra. The book served as the basis for the film Becoming Jane, which was released in January 2007 (Sydney). Jon Spence was a historical consultant for the film. Elizabeth Jenkins (writer) Jenkins published the first biographies of Lady Caroline Lamb in 1932 and of Jane Austen in 1938. She was involved in the establishment of the Jane Austen Society in 1940 and worked to purchase Austen's home in Chawton where she wrote Emma and other novels, and which later became the site of Jane Austen's House Museum. Jane Austen Centre The Jane Austen Centre at 40 Gay Street in Bath, Somerset, England, is a permanent exhibition which tells the story of Jane Austen's Bath experience, and the effect that visiting and living in the city had on her and her writing. Becoming Jane Austen Becoming Jane Austen is an imagined biography of Jane Austen by the Austen scholar Jon Hunter Spence. It chronicles a demi-biographical version of Austen's early life based on Spence's interpretation of the novel Pride and Prejudice as inspired and modeled on Austen's real life, although Austen herself does not make this claim for her novel. Esther Lederberg Lederberg also loved the works of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen. She belonged to societies devoted to studying and celebrating these two authors, the Dickens Society of Palo Alto and the Jane Austen Society. Paula Byrne Paula Byrne's debut book was the study of Jane Austen, Jane Austen and the Theatre, which was published in 2002 by Hambledon and shortlisted for the Theatre Book Prize. An updated version, with a new chapter on stage and film adaptations of Austen, was announced for publication by HarperCollins in 2017, with the new title The Genius of Jane Austen: her love of theatre and why she is a hit in Hollywood. The Real Jane Austen The Real Jane Austen: A Life in Small Things is a biography of novelist Jane Austen by the writer Paula Byrne first published in 2013. The biography does not follow her life chronologically; rather her story is told around events or objects in Austen's life as the starting point to describe the famous English author.	Jane Austen’s novels were not popular during her lifetime. Today, her most popular novels are ‘Pride and Prejudice’ (1813) and ‘Sense and Sensibility’ (1811). ‘Pride and Prejudice’ follows the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet, a country woman who makes hasty judgements, and Fitzwilliam Darcy, a proud aristocrat, as they overcome their differences and fall in love. ‘Sense and Sensibility’ follows the three Dashwood sisters who are uprooted from their home and must strike a balance between pragmatism and romance to find love and happiness.	open_qa
Extract the most recent upper bound and low bound of the sofa constant and return them in the format {Bound Type} - {Bound Value}.	Moving sofa problem In 1992, Joseph L. Gerver of Rutgers University described a sofa described by 18 curve sections each taking a smooth analytic form. This further increased the lower bound for the sofa constant to approximately 2.2195. Moving sofa problem Yoav Kallus and Dan Romik proved a new upper bound in June 2017, capping the sofa constant at formula_6. Moving sofa problem John Hammersley derived a lower bound of formula_2 based on a shape resembling a telephone handset, consisting of two quarter-disks of radius 1 on either side of a 1 by formula_3 rectangle from which a half-disk of radius formula_4 has been removed. Moving sofa problem An obvious lower bound is formula_1. This comes from a sofa that is a half-disk of unit radius, which can rotate in the corner. Moving sofa problem Work has been done on proving that the sofa constant (A) cannot be below or above certain values (lower bounds and upper bounds). Upper and lower bounds An upper bound is said to be a tight upper bound, a least upper bound, or a supremum, if no smaller value is an upper bound. Similarly, a lower bound is said to be a tight lower bound, a greatest lower bound, or an infimum, if no greater value is a lower bound. Logarithmic norm where formula_101 is the least upper bound Lipschitz constant of formula_102, and formula_103 is the greatest lower bound Lipschitz constant; and Riesz space An element formula_9 in formula_1 is the least upper bound or supremum (resp. greater lower bound or infimum) of formula_2 if it is an upper bound (resp. a lower bound) of formula_2 and if for any upper bound (resp. any lower bound) formula_13 of formula_14 formula_15 (resp. formula_16). Moving sofa problem In mathematics, the moving sofa problem or sofa problem is a two-dimensional idealisation of real-life furniture-moving problems and asks for the rigid two-dimensional shape of largest area that can be maneuvered through an L-shaped planar region with legs of unit width. The area thus obtained is referred to as the sofa constant. The exact value of the sofa constant is an open problem. The currently leading solution, by Joseph L. Gerver, has a value of approximately 2.2195 and is thought to be close to the optimal, based upon subsequent study and theoretical bounds. Logarithmic norm where formula_105 and formula_106 are in the domain formula_107 of formula_102. Here formula_109 is the least upper bound logarithmic Lipschitz constant of formula_102, and formula_103 is the greatest lower bound logarithmic Lipschitz constant. It holds that formula_112 (compare above) and, analogously, formula_113, where formula_114 is defined on the image of formula_102.	The soft constant has the following bounds: Upper Bound - 2.37, Lower Bound - 2.2195.	information_extraction
Summarize the key developments in human evolution based on the paragraph below	Ape Genetic analysis combined with fossil evidence indicates that hominoids diverged from the Old World monkeys about 25 million years ago (mya), near the Oligocene–Miocene boundary. The gibbons split from the rest about 18 mya, and the hominid splits happened 14 mya (Pongo), 7 mya (Gorilla), and 3–5 mya (Homo & Pan). In 2015, a new genus and species were described, Pliobates cataloniae, which lived 11.6 mya, and appears to predate the split between Hominidae and Hylobatidae. Bear The raccoon-sized, dog-like Cephalogale is the oldest-known member of the subfamily Hemicyoninae, which first appeared during the middle Oligocene in Eurasia about 30 Mya. The subfamily includes the younger genera Phoberocyon (20–15 Mya), and Plithocyon (15–7 Mya). A Cephalogale-like species gave rise to the genus Ursavus during the early Oligocene (30–28 Mya); this genus proliferated into many species in Asia and is ancestral to all living bears. Species of Ursavus subsequently entered North America, together with Amphicynodon and Cephalogale, during the early Miocene (21–18 Mya). Members of the living lineages of bears diverged from Ursavus between 15 and 20 Mya, likely via the species Ursavus elmensis. Based on genetic and morphological data, the Ailuropodinae (pandas) were the first to diverge from other living bears about 19 Mya, although no fossils of this group have been found before about 11 Mya. Human evolution Within the superfamily Hominoidea, the family Hominidae (great apes) diverged from the family Hylobatidae (gibbons) some 15–20 million years ago; subfamily Homininae (African apes) diverged from Ponginae (orangutans) about 14 million years ago; the tribe Hominini (including humans, Australopithecus, and chimpanzees) parted from the tribe Gorillini (gorillas) between 8–9 million years ago; and, in turn, the subtribes Hominina (humans and extinct biped ancestors) and Panina (chimpanzees) separated 4–7 million years ago. Anatomically modern humans appeared in Africa approximately 300,000 years ago. THAP3 In closely related organisms, those diverged 0-160 million years ago (MYA), percent similarity of orthologs ranges from 36-82.9%. THAP3 sequences in rodents are the least conserved compared to H. sapiens. Sequences that diverged 319-353 MYA, those moderately related, have 47.2-68.9% similarity to H. sapiens THAP3, and 41.3-54.1% similarity in organisms that are distantly related, diverged 431-464 MYA. Orangutan According to molecular evidence, within apes (superfamily Hominoidea), the gibbons diverged during the early Miocene between 24.1 and 19.7 million years ago (mya), and the orangutans diverged from the African great ape lineage between 19.3 and 15.7 mya. Israfil and colleagues (2011) estimated based on mitochondrial, Y-linked, and X-linked loci that the Sumatran and Bornean species diverged 4.9 to 2.9 mya. By contrast, the 2011 genome study suggested that these two species diverged as recently as circa 400,000 years ago. The study also found that orangutans evolved at a slower pace than both chimpanzees and humans. A 2017 genome study found that the Bornean and Tapanuli orangutans diverged from Sumatran orangutans about 3.4 mya, and from each other around 2.4 mya. Millions of years ago, orangutans travelled from mainland Asia to Sumatra and then Borneo as the islands were connected by land bridges during the recent glacial periods when sea levels were much lower. The present range of Tapanuli orangutans is thought to be close to where ancestral orangutans first entered what is now Indonesia from mainland Asia. Evolution of primates Within the superfamily Hominoidea (apes), the family Hominidae diverged from the family Hylobatidae (gibbons) some 15–20 million years ago; African great apes (subfamily Homininae) diverged from orangutans (Ponginae) about ; the tribe Hominini (humans, Australopithecines and other extinct biped genera, and chimpanzee) parted from the tribe Gorillini (gorillas) between and ; and, in turn, the subtribes Hominina (humans and biped ancestors) and Panina (chimpanzees) separated about to . Haplocyonoides Haplocyonoides is an extinct genus of terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia, family Amphicyonidae (bear dog), and which inhabited Europe from the Early Miocene subepoch (20 Mya)—(16.9 Mya). Haplocyonoides existed for approximately . Orosirian The Orosirian Period (; , meaning mountain range) is the third geologic period in the Paleoproterozoic Era and lasted from Mya to Mya (million years ago). Instead of being based on stratigraphy, these dates are defined chronometrically. Borophagus orc Borophagus orc is an extinct species of the genus Borophagus of the subfamily Borophaginae, a group of canids endemic to North America from the 10.3 Mya to 4.9 Mya. Borophagus orc existed for approximately . Desmostylus Desmostylus is an extinct genus of herbivorous mammal of the family Desmostylidae living from the Chattian stage of the Late Oligocene subepoch through the Late Miocene subepoch (28.4 mya—7.250 Mya) and in existence for approximately .	1) Primates diverged from other mammals 85 million years ago 2) The hominid family emerged 15-20 million years ago. 3) Hominins parted from gorillas between 8 and 9 million years ago 4) Australopithecines separated from the Pan genus 4-7 million years ago 5) The Homo genus appeared over 2 million years ago 6) Anatomically modern humans emerged in Afirca 300,000 years ago	summarization
Write a brief paragraph about the evolution of Egyptian pyramids.	Egyptian pyramids The design of Egyptian pyramids, especially the stepped designs of the oldest pyramids (Pyramid of Zoser at Saqqara, 2600 BCE), may have been an evolution from the ziggurats built in Mesopotamia, dated to as early as 4000–3500 BCE. Egyptian pyramids The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt. Sources cite at least 118 identified Egyptian pyramids. Approximately 80 pyramids were built within the Kingdom of Kush, now located in the modern country of Sudan. Of those located in modern Egypt, most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. Ancient pyramid Pyramid in the context of ancient architecture primarily refers to the Egyptian pyramids (see List of Egyptian pyramids). Egyptian pyramids The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence, despite its being the oldest wonder by about 2,000 years. Grafton Elliot Smith Now, it is widely believed that the megalithic graves of Britain, Ireland, France, Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark, northern Germany, and Poland are much older than the Egyptian pyramids, and the Mesoamerican pyramids are more recent and considered to be local cultural innovations. Pyramidology Robert Bauval and Graham Hancock (1996) have both suggested that the ground plan of the three main Egyptian pyramids was physically established , but that the pyramids were built around 2,500 BC. This theory was based on their initial claims regarding the alignment of the Giza pyramids with Orion are later joined with speculation about the age of the Great Sphinx. Egyptian pyramids The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis, although at least one step-pyramid-like structure has been found at Saqqara, dating to the First Dynasty: Mastaba 3808, which has been attributed to the reign of Pharaoh Anedjib, with inscriptions, and other archaeological remains of the period, suggesting there may have been others. The otherwise earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser built during the Third Dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry. Pseudoarchaeology The theory of the Egyptian pyramids not being built as tombs of ancient pharaohs, but for other purposes, has resulted in a variety of alternative theories about their purpose and origins. One such pseudoarchaeological theory comes from Scott Creighton, who argues that the pyramids were built as recovery vaults to survive a deluge (whether that be associated with flood geology or the Genesis Flood Narrative). Another alternative theory for the purpose of the pyramids comes from known pseudoarchaeologist Graham Hancock, who argues that the pyramids originated from an early civilization that was destroyed by an asteroid that also began the Younger Dryas. A third common pseudoarchaeological theory about the Egyptian pyramids is that they were built by ancient aliens. This belief is sometimes explained for why the pyramids supposedly appear suddenly in history. However, this claim is challenged by Egyptologists who point out an evolution of pyramid designs from mastaba tombs, to the Step Pyramid of Djoser, to the collapsed Meidum Pyramid, to Sneferefu's Bent Pyramid, leading up to Khufu's Great Pyramid. Many alternative beliefs have been criticized as being racist and ignoring the knowledge, architectural and constructive capabilities of ancient Egyptians. Pyramid The most famous pyramids are the Egyptian ones — huge structures built of bricks or stones, some of which are among the world's largest constructions. They are shaped as a reference to the rays of the sun. Most pyramids had a polished, highly reflective white limestone surface, to give them a shining appearance when viewed from a distance. The capstone was usually made of hard stone – granite or basalt – and could be plated with gold, silver, or electrum and would also be highly reflective. The ancient Egyptians built pyramids from 2700 BC until around 1700 BC. The first pyramid was erected during the Third Dynasty by the Pharaoh Djoser and his architect Imhotep. This step pyramid consisted of six stacked mastabas. The largest Egyptian pyramids are those at the Giza pyramid complex. Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals.	Egyptian pyramids are fascinating ancient buildings edified more than 2500 years before the Common Era. According to Egyptologists, these megalithic structures served as tombs for the biggest pharaohs that successively ruled the region in that Era. The biggest ones, present until now in Giza, are built with astonishing precision using the rudimental tools and materials that were available at that time. For example, Khufu pyramid, culminating at 481 feet, is an architectural masterpiece. The size, orientation and precision of this pyramid are keeping the best current architects agape. However, the journey was not straightforward for ancient Egyptians. Building such megalithic structures remains very hard to even nowadays. Before achieving the precision of the pyramids on Giza plateau, some inconsistencies and simpler trials are still present in Egypt showing the progressive improvement in their construction know-how through time. The first historically documented pyramid in Egypt is attributed to Djozer pharaoh in the third dynastic period. It is a stepped structure with superposed squares without big attention to the external design and polishment that we find later in the more recent pyramids. Egyptologists proved the existence of many other attempts to build similar structures in the same dynasty. However, the first complete pyramid structures appeared only in the 4th dynasty, giving successively the rise of the great pyramids of Meidum, Dahshur, and Giza	creative_writing
What is net worth?	Net worth A country's net worth is calculated as the sum of the net worth of all companies and individuals resident in this country, plus the government's net worth. As for the United States, this measure is referred to as the financial position, and totalled $123.8 trillion as of 2014. Net worth Net worth vs. debt is a significant aspect of business loans. Business owners are required to trade on equity in order to further increase their net worth. Public sector net worth Research suggests that the main fiscal factor driving bond yields hence appears to be government net worth. Household net worth Household total net is the net worth for individuals and is used as a measure in economics to compare the wealth of different groups. The net worth is the value of total assets minus the total value of outstanding liabilities. Household financial net worth is the balancing item of their financial balance sheet recorded at current market values. The total net worth is measured as a percentage of net disposable income. Net worth Net worth is a representation of where one stands financially. This can be used to help create budgets, influence wise spending, motivate one to pay off debt, and it can motivate someone to save and invest. Net worth is also important to look at when considering retirement. Naomi Milgrom In 2018, Milgrom was the eighth-richest woman in Australia, with an estimated net worth of over 500 million. Milgrom's net worth was reported as follows: Household net worth The financial net worth is calculated as the ratio of financial net worth of households divided by the number of individuals in the country, in United States dollars at current purchasing power parity. CAMELS rating system Part 702 of the NCUA Rules and Regulations sets forth the statutory net worth categories, and risk-based net worth requirements for federally insured credit unions. References are made in this Letter to the five net worth categories which are: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. Net worth Individuals with considerable net worth are described in the financial services industry as high-net-worth individuals and ultra high-net-worth individuals. Public sector net worth Focusing on net worth as the most comprehensive measure of fiscal position incentivizes the public sector to invest the proceeds of borrowing in productive investments rather than use debt to finance consumption spending. Net worth also provides a tool for assessing whether government policy is fair to future generations from a financial point of view; negative, or declining, net worth indicates that past or present consumption will need to be funded by future taxation.	Net worth is the value of the assets a person or corporation owns, minus the liabilities they owe. It is an important metric to gauge a person's health, providing a useful snapshot of its current financial position. Tracking your net worth over time is a helpful indicator of your financial stability. Looking at net worth can help you understand where your money has gone in the past vs. where you want it to go in the future.	open_qa
Classify each country as Spanish or Portuguese speaking: Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Portugal	Qobuz On May 4th, 2022, Qobuz, continues its global expansion with the opening of its service in six new countries: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile and, in Europe, Portugal. Alberto Porro Carmona He has led many big bands, both in Europe and America, and has won many awards for his music and banditry. He has played concerts around the world including Spain, France, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Iceland, United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Paraguay and Cuba. 2019 South American Cricket Championship – Women's tournament The five participating teams were the national sides of Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. Brazil retained their title by winning all four of their matches in the round-robin stage and then defeating Argentina by 4 wickets in the final. Chinchilla Chinchillas are either of two species (Chinchilla chinchilla and Chinchilla lanigera) of crepuscular rodents of the parvorder Caviomorpha. They are slightly larger and more robust than ground squirrels, and are native to the Andes mountains in South America. They live in colonies called herds at high elevations up to . Historically, chinchillas lived in an area that included parts of Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, and Chile, but today, colonies in the wild are known only in Chile. Along with their relatives, viscachas, they make up the family Chinchillidae. They are also related to the chinchilla rat. 2019 South American Cricket Championship The seven participating teams were the national sides of Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay. Colombia and Uruguay were not Associate Members of the ICC and so matches involving either of these teams did not have T20I status. South American Access Championship The first edition was contested by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and host Peru. Argentina was represented by the complete Nueva Chicago team (plus four players from other clubs), Peru by KDT Nacional (champion of 1961 Second Division), Brazil by Santista (reinforced with Portuguesa Santista players), and Chile by club Unión San Felipe. Brazil uses the São Paulo countryside team. Peru Peru has important international airports such as Lima, Cuzco and Arequipa. The 10 busiest airports in South America in 2017 were: São Paulo-Guarulhos (Brazil), Bogotá (Colombia), São Paulo-Congonhas (Brazil), Santiago (Chile), Lima (Peru), Brasília (Brazil), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Buenos Aires-Aeroparque (Argentina), Buenos Aires-Ezeiza (Argentina) and Minas Gerais (Brazil). Latin American Fisheries Fellowship Between three and five fellows are selected for the program each year. Fellows have been from a range of countries including Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Brazil, and the United States. Bolivian Spanish This chart shows the similarities between the dialects of Spanish spoken in Bolivia and those spoken in its neighboring Spanish-speaking countries Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Paraguay, as well as Portuguese spoken in neighboring Brazil. 2022 Men's South American Cricket Championship The seven participating teams were the national sides of hosts Brazil, along with Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. Argentina were the defending champions having won the event in 2019.	Peru: Spanish Speaking Argentina: Spanish Speaking Chile: Spanish Speaking Brazil: Portuguese Speaking Mexico: Spanish Speaking Portugal: Portuguese Speaking	classification
What are the general rules of the Baseball?	Baseball rules The basic contest is always between the pitcher for the fielding team and a batter. The pitcher throws—pitches—the ball towards home plate, where the catcher for the fielding team waits (in a crouched stance) to receive it. Behind the catcher stands the home plate umpire. The batter stands in one of the batter's boxes and tries to hit the ball with a bat. The pitcher must keep one foot in contact with the top or front of the pitcher's rubber—a 24×6 in (61×15 cm) plate located atop the pitcher's mound—during the entire pitch, so he can take only one step backward and one forward in delivering the ball. The catcher's job is to receive any pitches that the batter does not hit and to call the game by a series of hand movements that signal to the pitcher what pitch to throw and where. The catcher also usually signals the desired location of the ball within the strike zone and sets up behind the plate or holds his glove up in the desired location as a target. The catcher's role becomes more crucial depending on how the game is going, and how the pitcher responds to a given situation. Each pitch begins a new play, which might consist of nothing more than the pitch itself. Baseball rules At the college/professional level, baseball is played in nine innings in which each team gets one turn to bat and tries to score runs while the other pitches and defends in the field. High school baseball plays seven innings and Little League uses six-inning games. An inning is broken up into two halves in which the away team bats in the top (first) half, and the home team bats in the bottom (second) half. In baseball, the defense always has the ball—a fact that differentiates it from most other team sports. The teams switch every time the defending team gets three players of the batting team out. The winner is the team with the most runs after nine innings. If the home team is ahead after the top of the ninth, play does not continue into the bottom half. When this happens, an X is put on the scoreboard for the home team's score in the ninth inning. In the case of a tie, additional innings are played until one team comes out ahead at the end of an inning. If the home team takes the lead anytime during the bottom of the ninth or of any inning after that, play stops and the home team is declared the winner. This is known as a walk-off. Baseball rules The goal of the team at bat is to score more runs than the opposition; a player may do so by batting, then becoming a baserunner, touching all the bases in order (via one or more plays), and finally touching home plate. A player may also become a baserunner by being inserted as a pinch-runner. To that end, the goal of each batter is to enable baserunners to score or to become a baserunner himself. The batter attempts to hit the ball into fair territory—between the baselines—in such a way that the defending players cannot get them or the baserunners out. In general, the pitcher attempts to prevent this by pitching the ball in such a way that the batter cannot hit it cleanly or, ideally, at all. Baseball rules Baseball is played between two teams with nine players in the field from the team that is not batting at that point (the batting team would have one batter in play at home plate on the field). On a baseball field, the game is under the authority of several umpires. There are usually four umpires in major league games; up to six (and as few as one) may officiate depending on the league and the importance of the game. There are three bases. Numbered counterclockwise, first, second, and third bases are cushions (sometimes informally referred to as bags) shaped as 15 in (38 cm) squares which are raised a short distance above the ground; together with home plate, the fourth base, they form a square with sides of 90 ft (27.4 m) called the diamond. Home plate is a pentagonal rubber slab 17 in (43.2 cm) wide. The playing field is divided into three main sections: Baseball Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game is live when the umpire signals to the pitcher either verbally or by pointing, indicating that the ball is now in play. A player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called runs. The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate (the place where the player started as a batter). Baseball rules Each half-inning, the goal of the defending team is to get three members of the other team out. A player who is out must leave the field and wait for his next turn at bat. There are many ways to get batters and baserunners out; some of the most common are catching a batted ball in the air, tag outs, force outs, and strikeouts. After the fielding team has put out three players from the opposing team, that half of the inning is over and the team in the field and the team at bat switch places; there is no upper limit to the number that may bat in rotation before three outs are recorded. Going through the entire order in an inning is referred to as batting around and it is indicative of a high-scoring inning. A complete inning consists of each opposing side having a turn (three outs) on offense. Baseball A baseball game is played between two teams, each usually composed of nine players, that take turns playing offense (batting and baserunning) and defense (pitching and fielding). A pair of turns, one at bat and one in the field, by each team constitutes an inning. A game consists of nine innings (seven innings at the high school level and in doubleheaders in college, Minor League Baseball and, since the 2020 season, Major League Baseball; and six innings at the Little League level). One team—customarily the visiting team—bats in the top, or first half, of every inning. The other team—customarily the home team—bats in the bottom, or second half, of every inning. The goal of the game is to score more points (runs) than the other team. The players on the team at bat attempt to score runs by touching all four bases, in order, set at the corners of the square-shaped baseball diamond. A player bats at home plate and must attempt to safely reach a base before proceeding, counterclockwise, from first base, to second base, third base, and back home to score a run. The team in the field attempts to prevent runs from scoring by recording outs, which remove opposing players from offensive action, until their next turn at bat comes up again. When three outs are recorded, the teams switch roles for the next half-inning. If the score of the game is tied after nine innings, extra innings are played to resolve the contest. Many amateur games, particularly unorganized ones, involve different numbers of players and innings. Infield In baseball the physical infield is where most of the action in a baseball game occurs, as it includes that area where the all-important duel between the pitcher and batter takes place. The pitcher stands on the pitcher's mound (a raised mound of dirt located at the center of the infield) and from there he pitches the ball to his catcher, who is crouched behind home plate sixty feet, six inches away at what might be called the cutlet of the diamond-shaped baseball field. To the left and right of the catcher are chalk boxes in the dirt called batter's boxes. The opposing team's batter must stand in one of the two boxes and from there he will attempt to hit the pitched ball with his bat. The umpire, who officiates the game, stands behind the catcher. The other important parts of the infield are the three bases, first base (to the pitcher's left, looking toward home plate), second base (behind the pitcher) and third base (to the pitcher's right). Together, home plate and the three bases form a diamond around the pitcher, with each side of the diamond measuring . Baseball The principal objective of the batting team is to have a player reach first base safely; this generally occurs either when the batter hits the ball and reaches first base before an opponent retrieves the ball and touches the base, or when the pitcher persists in throwing the ball out of the batter's reach. Players on the batting team who reach first base without being called out can attempt to advance to subsequent bases as a runner, either immediately or during teammates' turns batting. The fielding team tries to prevent runs by getting batters or runners out, which forces them out of the field of play. The pitcher can get the batter out by throwing three pitches which result in strikes, while fielders can get the batter out by catching a batted ball before it touches the ground, and can get a runner out by tagging them with the ball while the runner is not touching a base. The opposing teams switch back and forth between batting and fielding; the batting team's turn to bat is over once the fielding team records three outs. One turn batting for each team constitutes an inning. A game is usually composed of nine innings, and the team with the greater number of runs at the end of the game wins. Most games end after the ninth inning, but if scores are tied at that point, extra innings are usually played. Baseball has no game clock. Baseball rules A baserunner who has successfully touched home plate without being retired (called out) after touching all previous bases scores a run. In an enclosed field, a fair ball hit over the fence on the fly is an automatic home run, which entitles the batter and all runners to touch all the bases and score. On a field with foul poles, a ball that hits a pole is also a home run. A home run hit with all bases occupied ('bases loaded') is called a grand slam.	Baseball is a game contested between two teams of 9 players. The defense plays the field and has the ball, and the offense can score by batting the ball and making their way around the bases. The field consists of two parts, the infield, which contains the bases, and the outfield. The bases are 90 feet apart, arranged in diamond format, and advanced counterclockwise. The pitcher's mound is in the center of the infield and is 60 feet 6 inches away from home plate (where the batter stands to try and bat the ball). At the youth level, the bases may be placed as close as 60 feet apart, and the mound may be as close as 46 feet away. The infield contains 6 of the 9 defenders, the pitcher being on the pitcher's mound, the catcher positioned behind home plate to receive the ball from the pitcher, and 4 infielders. The 1st baseman and 2nd baseman are positioned on the right side of the infield near their respective bases. The shortstop and third baseman are positioned on the left side of the infield with the shortstop shaded closer to 2nd base, in a mirrored position from the 2nd baseman. The third baseman is positioned by third base. The outfielders are the 3 remaining defensive players positioned in the large grass outfield in a left, center, and right arrangement. The pitcher must deliver the ball over the plate at the height range of the player's knees to their torso. 3 pitches at this level or swings and misses count as an out. Balls batted that don't land in play, which the lines of play extend from the point of the home plate which is a 90-degree angle count as a strike as long it strikes one or two, a batter cannot foul out for the third strike. If a pitched ball is not called a strike it is a ball, and 4 balls in an at-bat award the batter first base via what is called a walk. Other ways to make outs are if a ball is batted and the fielders catch it before it hits the ground; if the ball hits the ground the runner can be declared out of the fielders touch the base of the advancing runner with possession of the ball prior to the runners' arrival, so long as the runner is forced to advance to the base. If there is no force, the runner must be tagged out. In the event of a fly-out, any runner must re-establish possession of the bag they started at and are not allowed to advance to the next base until the fielder catches the ball. If they don't re-establish possession of their originating base they can be called out if the ball and the fielder possessing it reaches the originating base before they do. 3 outs constitute a half-inning; after each half-inning, the teams rotate from offense to defense. After each team gets 3 outs the full inning is concluded. A game is complete after 9 innings, although youth games are usually 6 or 7 innings. If the teams are tied at the end of regulation, the teams will continuously add extra innings until the tie is broken. A ball that is batted over the outfield fence is considered a homerun and the batter and all base runners can advance safely to home. If a battled ball lands in fair territory and leaves the field of play, it is considered a ground-rule double, and all runners are awarded two bases from where they started. You can substitute players from your bench into the game at any time but players are not allowed to re-enter the game once substituted, so substitutions are done sparingly and strategically. Many leagues employ the designated hitter rule, which allows for a 10th player to bat in place of the pitcher. Balls, strikes, and outs are called by umpires, of which there can be anywhere between 2 and 4.	information_extraction
What are the primary causes of inflation?	Economic history of Brazil Inflation accelerated as a result of a combination of factors: the exchange-rate devaluations of the austerity program, a growing public deficit, and an increasing indexation of financial balances, wages, and other values for inflation. The first two factors are classical causes of inflation; the last became an important mechanism for propagating hyperinflation and in preventing the usual instruments of inflation control from operating. Inflation in Chile Much of Chile's inflation in the 1945-1989 was in part caused by government budget deficits financed by money printing. In general terms budged deficit and other causes of inflation were related with internal as well as external economic turmoil in the period. The case of Chile drew the attention of both Albert O. Hirschman and Arnold Harberger both of whom published work on Chilean inflation in 1963. Damp (structural) Where a wall suffers from one or more of the primary causes of rain penetration listed above, the problem can be made worse by one of the following exacerbators of rain penetration: Nan Bangs McKinnell Nan and Jim spent much of their married life traveling and creating together. The two are remembered as artistic partners with most of their work having been made collaboratively. The two traveled across America and the world, working at colleges and artist's colonies while developing their craft. In 1953, Nan and James attended a ceramics workshop at the Archie Bray Foundation and decided to stay and work there for several years. It was at the Bray where Nan began developing glazes. Nan's deep copper glaze is still widely used today. Her glaze-making also opened up an appreciation for the decorative side of ceramics. As Nan and Jim began working more collaboratively, Nan's decorative eye came out more. In their process, often one would throw a piece on the wheel and the other would decorate it, combining their two separate artistic eyes and influences. Nan was drawn to natural shapes and forms, drawing on flowers, leaves, insects, and other animals. Sgùrr nan Clach Geala The most usual route of ascent approaches from the north starting at a parking spot on the A832 at grid reference and climbs the adjoining Munro of Meall a' Chrasgaidh before climbing Sgùrr nan Clach Geala. Most walkers will continue south from the summit to take in Sgùrr nan Each before returning to the starting point via the Allt Breabaig. Secular inflation In economics, secular inflation is a prolonged period of gentle or mild price increases. Secular, or chronic, inflation is basically creeping inflation that continues to persist over a long period of time. Creeping inflation is the gradual, rather than drastic, increase in prices. Although most commonly used to describe a mild inflation rate, secular inflation can be used to describe most inflation rates that are spread over long periods of time. This type of inflation can be consistent (without many downward movements) or intermittent (occurring at regular intervals). Built-in inflation Built-in inflation is one of three major determinants of the current inflation rate. In Robert J. Gordon's triangle model of inflation, the current inflation rate equals the sum of demand-pull inflation, cost-push inflation, and built-in inflation. Demand-pull inflation refers to the effects of falling unemployment rates (rising real gross domestic product) in the Phillips curve model, while the other two factors lead to shifts in the Phillips curve. Pong Nan Nan Yik-Pong, better known by his stage name Pong Nan (; born 15 May 1978), is a Cantopop musician, singer-songwriter and actor in Hong Kong of Hakka ancestry. Inflation (cosmology) Another kind of inflation, called hybrid inflation, is an extension of new inflation. It introduces additional scalar fields, so that while one of the scalar fields is responsible for normal slow roll inflation, another triggers the end of inflation: when inflation has continued for sufficiently long, it becomes favorable to the second field to decay into a much lower energy state. Secular inflation Friedrich-Karl Lage, the economist credited with coining the term secular inflation, described three causes for secular inflation. These are: outside influences, the wear-and-tear on money-stabilizing institutions, and human conduct. Other factors contributing to secular inflation are production and distribution, as costs of production and investments that take a long time to mature prolong rising prices and inflation rates. A final cause of secular inflation is consumption behavior, especially when people live beyond their means as a result of the Duessenberry effect.	Inflation is caused by imbalance of supply and demand.	open_qa
Please classify each of the following as European or Asian countries: England, Thailand, Greece, Japan.	Epophthalmia frontalis Epophthalmia frontalis is a species of dragonfly in the family Macromiidae. It is found in India, Nepal, Thailand, and other southeast Asian countries. Greatest Hits (A-Teens album) This album was not released worldwide. Instead, it was released in selected territories where Universal thought it would do well. These included Mexico, Argentina, Germany, and some other European and Asian countries. Melica nutans Melica nutans, known as mountain melick, is a grass species in the family Poaceae, native to European and Asian forests. Frocktober Frocktober is a portmanteau of the words frock and October and associated with the annual New Zealand festival of Frocktoberfest, itself a pun on the German festival Oktoberfest. The event has its origins as a frock costume party, but the association of it with the month of October meant that it soon gained temporal and annual significance. Properly, Frocktoberfest is not a festival but a party, and while the month is known as Frocktober, it is informally celebrated on only one of its nights. Participants, male and female alike, dress up in frocks - women's dresses, frequently of the outdated and unfashionable variety. In recent years the celebration has spread to Australia, the USA, England, Thailand, and Greece, each with its own characteristic interpretation of proceedings. In Australia, Frocktober is officially associated with the Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation. Human uses of reptiles A dragon is a reptile-like legendary creature in the myths of European and Chinese cultures, with counterparts in Japan, Korea and other East Asian countries. Love Time (restaurant) The restaurant has dishes from various countries of the world on its menu. There is European, Asian, Japanese, Caucasian cuisine. Regional Forum on Environment and Health in Southeast and East Asian Countries The ministers responsible for the environment and health of the Southeast Asian countries of Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam, and the East Asian countries of China, Japan, Mongolia and the Republic of Korea, meeting together for the first time at Bangkok on 9 August 2007, adopted the charter of the Regional Forum on Environment and Health; have agreed upon the principles, vision, goals and objectives, strategies and structures set forth therein as the basis for their joint commitment to collective and individual country actions, and call upon their international partners to support the implementation of the charter. Geography Cup The randomly selected countries could be any country (or territory) in the world. This included the large and well-known regions (Russia, Canada, United States, etc.) as well as smaller and more obscure nations (Palau, Djibouti, Togo, etc.). Most participants had little trouble recognizing the major European and Asian countries but many people on both teams had trouble locating small Pacific Islands and some African countries. Hypena abyssinialis Hypena abyssinialis, the streaked snout, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in many African and South Asian countries. Rugby union in Thailand Unlike most other Asian countries, Thailand does not have a history of European colonialism, and was one of the few to maintain its neutrality. Thus Thai rugby is not a legacy of colonialism.	England and Greece are European countries, while Thailand and Japan are Asian countries.	classification
Write an email to someone updating that I’ve accepted the position at their company to which they referred me	Ten Things I Hate About Me One day at school a bored Jamie receives an email from someone called John. They begin corresponding by email, Jamie pouring all her deepest secrets to John. This includes her mother dying of a heart attack when she was just nine, her hopes, dreams, frustrations, the fact that her father is over-protective and has documented a Stone Age Charter of Curfew Rights and the Ten things she hates about herself. Split-octonion Zorn's vector-matrix algebra is, in fact, isomorphic to the algebra of split-octonions. Write an octonion formula_4 in the form Shoichiro Irimajiri During this time, it was said that General Motors recruited Irimajiri for a senior executive position at the company, in light of his success at Honda. While he declined that position and accepted a spot as an outside director, if Irimajiri had accepted the offer, he would have been the first Japanese-born automotive executive of an American automobile manufacturer. Email Email is the medium, and each message sent therewith is also called an email. The term is a mass noun. Raytheon BBN Ray Tomlinson of BBN is widely credited as having invented the first person-to-person network email in 1971 and the use of the @ sign in an email address. MailerMailer MailerMailer was an email marketing and newsletter service provider offered primarily to small and medium-sized businesses to create, send, and track email newsletters. Glynis Johns Johns has previously suffered from severe migraines. In a 1955 interview with Lydia Lane, she admitted that ‘Only recently have I learned how to relax. And since I have, the migraine headaches which have plagued me for years have disappeared. I’ve finally learned to be still inside. Someone told me once, “When you let God in on your problems, you can let go and relax,” and I’ve found that it works.’ Email alias Email aliases can be created on a mail server. The mail server simply forwards email messages addressed to an email alias on to another, the specified email address. An email alias may be used to create a simple replacement for a long or difficult-to-remember email address. It can also be used to create a generic email address such as webmaster@example.com and info@example.com. EmailTray EmailTray originated as SenderOK, an email productivity plug-in for Microsoft Outlook. The main features of SenderOK were email sorting and desktop notification about new prioritized email messages. Magdi Yacoub In 1973, he became a consultant cardiothoracic surgeon at Harefield Hospital, West London, opened in 1921 as a TB sanatorium of single storey pavilions typical for such a hospital. He later recalled that I was tempted to stay in Chicago, as I was interested in the research they were doing there, but I had already accepted the position at Harefield before going to the US, so I was honour bound to return. At Harefield, he worked closely with Rosemary Radley-Smith, consultant in paediatric cardiology.	Hi, I wanted to update you that I accepted the offer! Thank you for being such a huge part of this, from coffee chats to interview prepping. You made all the difference in my application journey and I’m so excited to work with you.	creative_writing
Malibamat'so River	Malibamat'so River The Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at above sea level. Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River. Downstream the Malibamat'so's left bank tributaries are the Matsoku and Semenanyane Rivers, before it forms a right bank tributary of the Senqu/Orange River. Malibamat'so River The Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River northeast of Mohlanapeng. Lesotho Highlands Water Project This phase of the project was completed in 1998. It consisted mainly of the construction of the Katse Dam on the Malibamat'so River in Lesotho. Katse Dam The Katse Dam, a concrete arch dam on the Malibamat'so River in Lesotho, is Africa's second largest double-curvature arch dam. (The Tekezé Dam, completed in early 2009, is now Africa's largest double curvature dam). The dam is part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, which will eventually include five large dams in remote rural areas. The dam is just below the confluence of the Bokong River, which forms the western arm of the Katse reservoir. Ha Lejone Ha Lejone is a village in the Leribe District of northern Lesotho. It is on a ridge above a bend of the Malibamat'so River, east of the Mafika-Lisiu Pass, which links Ha Lejone with the community of Pitseng. Senqunyane River The Mohale Dam, opened in 2003, is part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, diverting water to the Katse Dam and hence to the Gauteng region in South Africa, including the cities of Johannesburg and Pretoria. Senqunyane River The Senqunyane River is a river of central Lesotho. The river rises in the Maluti Mountains in northwest Lesotho, and flows southwards and then westwards for 120 kilometres before joining the Senqu River (Orange River) in the southwest. Lesotho Highlands Water Project As initially conceived, three further dams were proposed further downstream after the Malibamatso joins the Senqu river, at Mashai, Tsoelike, and Ntoahae. Pora river Pora river (Marathi : पोरा नदी) is a river flowing through the Southern part of the city of Nagpur, in Maharashtra, India. Pora river is a right bank tributary of the Nag river. Gabharu River The Gabharu River is a northern bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River in the Indian state of Assam. The Gabharu river originates in the Kalafangapo hills of Arunachal Pradesh in the West Kameng District and flows through Sonitpur district of Assam before its confluence with the Brahmaputra river at Gadharu Mukh (Chapari Gaon) of Sonitpur district. The Gabharu river consists of two right bank subtributaries known as Sonairupai river and Gelgeli river and Mora Depota river is the left bank sub tributary.	Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Mohlanapeng. The Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at 1,993 metres (6,539 ft) above sea level. Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River.	closed_qa
Tell me which of the following activities are types of workouts: walking, running, weightlifting, HIIT, cardio, yoga, sleeping, sitting at your chair, standing, looking into the distance, watching TV.	Lapidary There are three broad categories of lapidary arts: tumbling, cabochon cutting, and faceting. Among a modern gemcutter's work are the following activities: Transition from walking to running Early researchers suggested that humans transition from walking to running in order to minimize energetic costs. These researchers suggested that the energetic cost to run above 2.0 m/s is lower than the cost of walking above this speed. Conversely, running at speeds slower than 2.0 m/s was suggested to be more costly than walking at these speeds. Physical fitness High-intensity interval training (HIIT) consists of repeated, short bursts of exercise, completed at a high level of intensity. These sets of intense activity are followed by a predetermined time of rest or low-intensity activity. Studies have shown that exercising at a higher intensity can have the effect of increasing cardiac benefits for humans when compared with exercising at a low or moderate level. When one's workout consists of a HIIT session, their body has to work harder to replace the oxygen it lost. Research into the benefits of HIIT have shown that it can be very successful for reducing fat, especially around the abdominal region. Furthermore, when compared to continuous moderate exercise, HIIT proves to burn more calories and increase the amount of fat burned post- HIIT session. Lack of time is one of the main reasons stated for not exercising; HIIT is a great alternative for those people because the duration of a HIIT session can be as short as 10 minutes, making it much quicker than conventional workouts. Kuchi dog The tiger-type dogs exhibit more of a sidewinding, catlike motion, with the head usually at the level of the body, and front paws swinging inwards when walking, running, or jumping. Fitness (Apple) Workouts are available for thirteen activities: core, cycling, dance, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), meditation, mindful cooldown, rowing, strength, treadmill walk, treadmill run, pilates, and yoga. Most workouts have three trainers, with one performing a modified, less intensive, version of the host's workout. The third instructor either matches the primary instructor or, in some cases, performs a more intensive version. Shorter workouts are also available, which have only a single instructor and include further instructions for those new to a particular exercise. Inferior gluteal nerve Surprisingly, however, the gluteus maximus is not important posturally, is relaxed when one is standing, and is little used in walking. It is employed in running, climbing, and rising from a sitting or stooped position. It also controls flexion at the hip upon sitting down. Long-distance running One distinction between upright walking and running is energy consumption during locomotion. While walking, humans use about half the energy needed to run. Soleus Running Soleus Running gets its name from the muscle located in the back part of the lower leg called the soleus. It begins right below the knee and runs down to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking and running. If not for the soleus, the body would fall forward. Transition from walking to running Human locomotion is considered to take two primary forms: walking and running. In contrast, many quadrupeds have three distinct forms of locomotion: walk, trot, and gallop. Walking is a form of locomotion defined by a double support phase when both feet are on the ground at the same time. Running is a form of locomotion that does not have this double support phase (switched into double float phase). Cardiac yoga An example of cardiac yoga would be doing the sun salutation pose while sitting on a chair. After improving strength the person may stop using the back of the chair to support themselves and eventually, by gaining confidence and strength they may be able to complete the exercise standing without support.	Working out typically involves movement of the body and muscles. it often involves the stretching or contracting of muscles and can have a change in heart rate. Walking, running, weightlifting, HIIT, and cardio, and yoga are different types of workouts.	classification
Please tell me the main global sources of energy production	World energy supply and consumption Energy production is 80% fossil. Half of that is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The Gulf States and Russia export most of their production, largely to the European Union and China, where not enough energy is produced to satisfy demand. Energy production is increasing 1 to 2% per year, except for solar and wind energy which averaged 20% per year in the 2010s. Energy in the United States Renewable energy reached a major milestone in the first quarter of 2011, when it contributed 11.7% of total U.S. energy production ( of energy), surpassing nuclear energy production (). 2011 was the first year since 1997 that renewables exceeded nuclear in total U.S. energy production. Energy in Senegal Most of the energy production is from fossil fuels, mostly diesel and gas (733 of 864 MW). An increasing amount of the energy production comes from sustainable sources, such as Manantali Dam in Mali and a new wind farm in Thiès opened in 2020—however, it is still a small portion of the total production. Despite increases in production in the 2010s, the economy is frequently hindered by energy shortages compared to demand. Nuclear power in the United States In the first quarter of 2011, renewable energy contributed 11.7 percent of total U.S. energy production (2.245 quadrillion BTUs of energy), surpassing energy production from nuclear power (2.125 quadrillion BTUs). 2011 was the first year since 1997 that renewables exceeded nuclear in US total energy production. Energy in the United States The Geysers in Northern California is the largest complex of geothermal energy production in the world. Energy in Africa Overall, the African continent is a net energy exporter. In 2009 the net energy export was 40% of the energy production 13,177 TWh. The world share of energy production in Africa was 12% of oil and 7% of gas in 2009. Renewable energy in Albania Renewable energy in Albania includes biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar, and wind energy. Albania relies mostly on hydroelectric resources, therefore, it has difficulties when water levels are low. The climate in Albania is Mediterranean, so it possesses considerable potential for solar energy production. Mountain elevations provide good areas for wind projects. There is also potentially usable geothermal energy because Albania has natural wells. Renewable energy in California The percentage of renewable energy in California is perhaps made more notable by the particularly high population of the state, states with similar or higher percentages of renewable energy generally have lower populations. In 2009, the energy production in California was 8.43% of the nation's total renewable energy production, the second highest in the country after Washington. By 2017, California was the highest, with 10.05% of national renewable production. Solar augmented geothermal energy Geothermal electric energy production is currently used in 26 countries. As a source of renewable energy, geothermal has the potential to meet 3-5% of the global demand for energy by 2050. With economic incentives, it is estimated that by 2100 it will be possible to meet 10% of global demand. Renewable energy in the European Union Solar energy production accounted for almost 9% of the total electric consumption in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.	The main sources of energy production are fossil, accounting for around 80% of the total energy generation. Around half of the energy generation by fossil sources is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Energy production from renewable sources such as solar and wind has increased at an average of 20% yearly which is much higher than the growth of the rest of the sources at an average of 1% to 2% yearly.	summarization
If you could not fill a pool with water, what would you fill it with?	Avon Fissure Fill The Avon Fissure Fill, also known as the Bristol Fissure Fill or Tytherington Fissure Fill, is a fissure fill in Avon, England (now Bristol) which dates variously from the Norian and Rhaetian stages of the Late Triassic, or possibly as late as the Hettangian stage of the Early Jurassic. The fissure fill at Avon was a sinkhole formed by the dissolution of Lower Carboniferous limestones. Lubber Run Fill Lubber Run Fill supports a tangent (straight) section of right-of-way that permits speeds of 70 mph (113 km/hr). It sits just east of Wharton Fill and just west of Bradbury Fill. Plus Pool The planned cross-shaped, Olympic-sized pool would be used to clean the waters of the East River while providing a public space for water-based recreation. With its current design, the pool would flush out up to half a million gallons of river water daily through a layered filtration system. Over a quarter of a million gallons of filtered river water would be used to fill the pool itself. The planned long-term goal is to raise a total of $15 million to fund the entire pool by 2016. Get Your Booty to the Poll The second video explained how to fill out a voting ballot. The video starts as a black and white retro, 1950s-style instructional video. Dancers wearing vintage-style dresses explain how to fill out a voting ballot using a giant fake ballot. Fill dirt Fill dirt is usually subsoil (soil from beneath topsoil) and underlying soil parent material which has little soil organic matter or biological activity. Fill dirt is taken from a location where soil is being removed as a part of leveling an area for construction; it may also contain sand, rocks, and stones, as well as earth. Fill dirt should be as free of organic matter as possible since organic matter will decompose creating pockets of empty space within the fill which could result in settling. Uneven or excessive settling of the fill can result in damage to any structures built on the fill. High Sparrow (Game of Thrones episode) Jaqen helps a man drink from a pool of water. The man dies and Arya realizes that the pool of water is poison for those who seek a quick death. After Arya has an altercation with fellow acolyte the Waif, Jaqen asks her how she came to be surrounded by things owned by Arya Stark if she is no one. She throws her possessions into water, but does not want to discard Needle and instead hides it. Fake news in the United States in the 1890s has been a great chance for the newspaper fakers, and they have improved it. The amount of news which was not news, that has been imagined, telegraphed and printed about this catastrophe would fill a volume. The fantastic yarns that have been published as truth and the fanciful speculations that have been printed as fact would furnish a library of fiction. Bettringen The Freibad Bettringen (open-air pool of Bettringen) is a pool with swimmers and non-swimmers zone. Minster Pool In 1857 the South Staffordshire Waterworks Co. proposed to fill in the pool and replace it with a public gardens. This was proposed, as it was undesirable to have an open area of water in the middle of a city, which would be used for domestic supply. This proposal was very unpopular among the citizens and the proposal was amended to retain the pool. Instead a cast-iron pipe supported by brick piers was laid along the bed of the pool extending under Dam Street and into Stowe Pool. The pipe would carry water from Leamonsley and Trunkfield Brooks through the Museum Gardens in Beacon Park, under Bird Street through Minster Pool and into Stowe Pool. When water was being conveyed in the opposite direction from Stowe Pool to Sandfields Pumping Station the outflow of the brooks would be turned into Minster Pool from where it would outflow into Stowe Pool. Brandy daisy Fill glass one-third full of shaved ice. Shake well, strain into a large cocktail glass, and fill up with Seltzer water from a syphon.	If I could not fill a pool with water, I would fill it with; 1) feathers, 2) bubbles, 3) flour, 4) syrup, 5) sour cream, 6) planted flowers, or 7) rocks.	brainstorming
What is deep dish pizza?	Gino's East Gino's East is a Chicago-based restaurant chain specializing in Deep Dish pizza. Two cab drivers opened the original location in 1966. Uno Pizzeria & Grill While Sewell and Riccardo are known as the owners of the original restaurant, a 1956 article from the Chicago Daily News asserts that the original deep-dish pizza recipe was created by chef Rudy Malnati Sr., the father of Lou Malnati. Pizzeria Uno claims to have originated the deep dish pizza. Domino's Pizza In September 2012, Domino's announced it was introducing pan pizza to the menu on September 24, 2012, and the original Deep Dish pizza introduced 23 years prior was discontinued in favor of the new pan pizza. Uno Pizzeria & Grill Uno Pizzeria & Grill (formerly Pizzeria Uno and Uno Chicago Grill), or more informally as Unos, is a franchised pizzeria restaurant chain under the parent company Uno Restaurant Holdings Corporation. Uno Pizzeria and Grill is best known for its Chicago-style deep dish pizza. Ike Sewell opened the first Pizzeria Uno in 1943. Gino's East The original Gino's served deep dish pizza at 162 E. Superior St., a block from the Magnificent Mile, from 1966 until 2000. In 2000, the building was torn down due to structural issues. The restaurant moved to the 600 block of North Wells just two days later. Chicago-style pizza Chicago-style pizza is pizza prepared according to several different styles developed in Chicago, widely referred to simply as deep dish pizza due to its cooking style. The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which provides ample space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce. Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza. Deep Dish (duo) Deep Dish is an American electronic music duo, consisting of Ali Dubfire Shirazinia and Sharam Tayebi. Lou Malnati's Pizzeria Lou Malnati's is a prototypical Chicago style pizza, and its deep dish pizza is generally referred to as a pie. A thin crust of pizza dough is laid in a seasoned deep-dish pizza pan and raised up on the sides. The ingredients are placed on a Chicago style deep-dish pizza in the opposite order of a thin crust pizza, with sausage lining the bottom layer instead of the pizza sauce. The first ingredients are thick slices of mozzarella cheese that are placed directly on the dough. Then, additional ingredients like mushrooms, pepperoni, and onions are spread on top of the cheese. The pizza is topped with a tomato sauce made with whole chunks of tomatoes. A Lou-Mal pie uses a sausage patty, a single patty of Italian sausage below the layer of tomato chunks or sauce, as opposed to the more traditional crumbled sausage. The company has gluten-free pizzas available in small deep dish only; as well as a crust-less version where the dough is replaced with sausage. The total time to bake a deep dish is 30 minutes for carryout orders. If it is scheduled for delivery, it can take up to one hour, 30 minutes to bake it then a 30 minute window to deliver to customers. Dubfire In 1991, Shirazinia and fellow DC resident Sharam Tayebi formed Deep Dish, a DJ and production duo that became notable for their productions and DJ sets. Deep Dish released acclaimed dance classics beginning with the 1995 remix of De'Lacy's Hideaway, and went on to work with an eclectic array of names in pop, rock and electronica. Sharam and Dubfire established Deep Dish Records, and they went on to win a Grammy in 2002 for their remix of Dido's Thank You along with many other high-profile awards. Following their successes as Deep Dish, both Sharam and Dubfire began to produce and DJ individually claiming [they] got bored doing the same thing. [They've] always been separate producers and separate DJs who have just collaborated together for all these years. Pizza Hut Israel Pizza Hut Israel offers a wide selection of food. Including the traditional deep dish, they also offer a thin crust pizza. In addition to pizza, they offer salads, quiche, focaccia, and various desserts.	Deep dish pizza is a variant of traditional pizza where the dough ends are rolled and pushed to the ends of a deep pan similar to a dessert pie crust. The crust is then filled with cheese and other toppings and spread with chunky tomato sauce. This type of pizza is also referred to as Chicago-style pizza.	open_qa
Given this paragraph about Wabuska, Nevada, when was a post office first opened in the town?	Wabuska, Nevada Wabuska (Washo language, White Grass) was established in the early 1870s. A post office was opened on September 18, 1874. In 1881, the town served as the principal Mason Valley supply center on the newly constructed Carson and Colorado Railroad of a line that went from Hazen to Mina. When copper was discovered in Mason Valley, the town became the northern terminus of the new Nevada Copper Belt Railroad, built 1909–1911. Wabuska waned with declining mining activity in the 1920s. Wabuska, Nevada Several buildings from Wabuska, most notably the Wabuska Railroad Station, were relocated to Carson City and incorporated as the Nevada State Railroad Museum. Wabuska, Nevada Wabuska is an unincorporated community in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The zip code is 89447, which it shares with nearby Yerington. Wabuska Railroad Station It is a building that was located in the small community of Wabuska, Nevada, in Mason Valley, on the Southern Pacific Railroad branch line between Hazen, Nevada and Mina, Nevada. The Wabuska Hotel and Bar (c. 1883) was nearby. Wabuska, Nevada Wabuska's latitude is 39.143N and the longitude is -119.182W. Wabuska's elevation is 4,295 feet above sea level. Nevada Copper Belt Railroad The Nevada Copper Belt Railroad was a railroad in the state of Nevada connecting Nevada-Douglas Copper Company mining facilities to the Southern Pacific's former Carson and Colorado Railway subsidiary at Wabuska, Nevada. The railroad was built south from Wabuska to the Walker River at Mason, Nevada in 1910, and began operations on 1 March. Railroad construction then proceeded up the West Walker River canyon from Mason to leave the river at Hudson reaching the Nevada-Douglas Copper Company mine at Ludwig on 1 November 1911. Rails also extended north from Wabuska to a smelter at Thompson. Agricultural products from irrigated ranches along the Walker River provided revenues in addition to the ore traffic. Nevada State Railroad Museum The Wabuska Depot, a historic station from Wabuska, Nevada was relocated to the museum grounds. The building is still used as a working railroad station where tickets for the museum train rides are purchased. Thorne, Nevada In 1881, Thorne was a station on the Carson and Colorado Railway. In 1905, the spur line to Hawthorne was abandoned and Thorne became the terminus for Hawthorne. In 1909 and 1910, Thorne became a very busy place because of the boom at the Lucky Boy Mine and was reported to have two saloons. Thorne's post office operated from July 1912 until September 1921. In 1929, construction of the nearby Hawthorne Army Depot started with Thorne being the shipping point. In 1937, Thorne was served by the Hazen Mina branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad. At the start of World War II, Thorne was handling 380 car loads per month, with traffic peaking at 5000 cars per month during the war. In 1983, the Thorne Depot and the Wabuska Railroad Station were scheduled to be demolished. The Thorne Depot was eventually demolished, though some parts from it were moved with the Wabuska Railroad Station to the Nevada State Railroad Museum. Wabuska Railroad Station The Wabuska Railroad Station, on S. Carson St. in Carson City, Nevada, was built in 1906. It was a work of the Southern Pacific Co. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Thorne, Nevada In 2016, it was reported that trains from Wabuska, Nevada to Thorne were infrequent, most of the traffic served the Hawthorne Army Depot.	September 18, 1874	closed_qa