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33
540
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520
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int64
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int64
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0
An example of such a process is particle production ( for example , by parametric resonance [CITATION] ) , which can be expected to be effective because of the very rapid but small oscillations .
An example of such a process is particle production ( e.g. , by parametric resonance [CITATION] ) , which can be expected to be effective because of the very rapid but small oscillations .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}}
{}
{}
0806.2805
3
4
1
easy
1
This clearly is an oversimplification , as the moment-zero map shows obvious evidence of non-exponential emission ( see Figure [REF] ) .
This clearly is an oversimplification , as the moment 0 map shows obvious evidence of nonexponential emission ( see Figure [REF] ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 10]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}
{}
{}
1903.09202
1
2
2
easy
2
The algorithm is implemented in a multi-threaded fashion using C++11 and GNU Scientific Library .
The algorithm is implemented in a multi-threaded fashion using C++11 and GNU Scientific Library with a shared memory architecture .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 19]}}
{}
{}
1803.05578
1
2
3
easy
3
It is thus expected that this also holds for [MATH] , and that the present theory should conform to Kirby 's ( 1988 ) theory in the limit of small reflection coefficients .
It is thus expected that this also holds for [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
physics-0510150
1
2
4
easy
4
Considering the [MATH] confidence level threshold as significance level for the structure detection , we have overwhelming evidence for substructure inside the central region of the Coma cluster on the first three scales investigated : [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] Kpc ( see the Table 4A ) .
Considering the [MATH] confidence level threshold as significance level for the structure detection , we have overwhelming evidence for substructure inside the central region of the Coma cluster on the first three scales investigated : [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] kpc ( see the Table 4A ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [40, 41], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [40, 41]}}
{}
{}
astro-ph-9701224
1
2
5
easy
5
We also measure [MATH] for a subset of even closer neighbouring particles ( whose [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] coordinates in all outputs before the one under study were within 5 kpc of those of the reference particle , and in the current output within 2.5 kpc ) .
We also measure [MATH] for a subset of even closer neighbouring particles ( whose [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] coordinates in all outputs before the one under study were within 5 kpc of those of the reference particle , and in the current output are within 2.5 kpc ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [45, 46]}}
{}
{}
astro-ph-0208041
1
2
6
easy
6
The ratio of time resolutions obtained in scans at [MATH] cm and [MATH] cm for PMT2 is shown in Fig. [REF] .
The ratio of the time resolutions obtained in scans at [MATH] cm and [MATH] cm is shown in Fig. [REF] .
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{}
{}
1610.05667
1
2
7
easy
7
We compared the time profile of the first seconds of 15 long bursts with the time profiles of 15 short bursts .
We compare the time profile of the first seconds of 15 long bursts with the time profiles of 15 short bursts .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}
{}
{}
astro-ph-0103192
1
2
8
easy
8
In practice , however , we only have the noisy data [MATH] , and the goal of this section is to develop a numerical method to determine the initial distribution .
In practice , however , we only have the noisy data [MATH] , and the goal of this section is to develop a numerical method to determine the initial distribution of the corresponding modes , [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 36]}}
{}
{}
1501.06848
1
2
9
easy
9
While most semantic labels of ATIS are related to only time and location .
In contrast , most semantic labels of ATIS are related to only time and location .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}}
{}
{}
1803.11326
2
3
10
easy
10
Implementation Details : As a specific implementation of the neural MT techniques listed above , we use the lamtram toolkit [CITATION] .
Implementation details : As a specific implementation of the NMT techniques listed above , we use the lamtram toolkit [CITATION] .
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{}
{}
1812.07170
1
2
11
easy
11
The gap between both complexes is bridged by a smaller clump and all three clumps are surrounded by diffuse gas which forms an envelope around the whole complex .
The gap between both complexes is bridged by a smaller clump , and all three clumps are surrounded by diffuse gas , which forms an envelope around the whole complex .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}
{}
{}
1308.6112
1
2
12
easy
12
In further study we are going to be weaker the limit for the skew product map [MATH] which is actually assumed to avoid overlapping of its image here .
In further study we are going to weaken the limit for the skew product map [MATH] which is actually assumed to avoid overlapping of its image here .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
{}
{}
1401.3206
1
2
13
easy
13
A final test was run introducing realistic colors , i.e. assigning fluxes to the sources in the LRI consistent with a realistic SED ( as output by GenCat , see Sect. [REF] ) , instead of imposing them to be equal to the HRI fluxes .
A final test was run introducing realistic colours , i.e. assigning fluxes to the sources in the LRI consistent with a realistic SED ( as output by GenCat , see Sect. [REF] ) , instead of imposing them to be equal to the HRI fluxes .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
{}
{}
1505.02516
3
4
14
easy
14
Indeed , rescaling the control parameters by a factor [MATH] is equivalent to setting a parameter [MATH] , where [MATH] is the inverse of the effective temperature [MATH] associated to a given instance .
Indeed , rescaling the control parameters by a factor [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 33], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1510.07611
2
3
15
easy
15
We then plug the ground distance into the equation of Definition [REF] and compute the Wasserstein distance using a network simplex method .
Next , we substitute the ground distance into the equation of Definition [REF] and compute the Wasserstein distance using a network simplex method .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
{}
{}
1906.01277
1
2
16
easy
16
While not constituting a test of graph isomorphism , this refinement step can be seen as an intuitive extension for continuous attributes of the one used by the WL subtree kernel on categorical node labels , a widely successful baseline .
Although this is not a test of graph isomorphism , this refinement step can be seen as an intuitive extension for continuous attributes of the one used by the WL subtree kernel on categorical node labels , a widely successful baseline .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 4]}}
{}
{}
1906.01277
1
2
17
easy
17
However , an even faster and simple randomized way is to use multiple sequential priority queues - one on each PE [CITATION] .
However , an even faster and simpler randomized way is to use multiple sequential priority queues-one on each PE [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}
{}
{}
1502.03942
1
2
18
easy
18
We carry out MD simulations of an orthorhombic form of hen egg-white lysozyme and also Dickerson dodecamer DNA [CITATION] at constant pressure [MATH] atm , several constant temperatures [MATH] and constant number of water molecules [MATH] ( NPT ensemble ) in a simulation box with periodic boundary conditions using the software package GROMACS [CITATION] .
Specifically , we study the dynamic and thermodynamic behavior of lysozyme and DNA in hydration TIP5P water , by means of the software package GROMACS [CITATION] for ( i ) an orthorhombic form of hen egg-white lysozyme [CITATION] and ( ii ) a Dickerson dodecamer DNA [CITATION] at constant pressure [MATH] atm , several constant temperatures [MATH] , and constant number of water molecules [MATH] ( NPT ensemble ) in a simulation box with periodic boundary conditions .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 54], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 77]}}
{}
{}
cond-mat-0603557
2
3
19
easy
19
They have gained increasing interest in the last few years , after [CITATION] presented the seminal Adaptive Metropolis ( AM ) algorithm , and [CITATION] related adaptive MCMC to the general context of Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation .
They have attracted increasing attention in the last few years , after [CITATION] presented the seminal Adaptive Metropolis ( AM ) algorithm , and [CITATION] related adaptive MCMC to the general context of the Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 34]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}
{}
{}
0811.4095
2
3
20
easy
20
By the assumption in this lemma and theorem in complex analysis , we have [MATH] on this strip .
By the assumption in this lemma and theorem in Brown and Churchill ( 2009 , p.84 ) , we have [MATH] on this strip .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 17]}}
{}
{}
1310.4021
3
4
21
easy
21
The above three parts sum up to the total boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom .
The above three parts sum to the total boundary-dependent energy shift of the atom .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1408.4517
1
2
22
hard
22
These are : electroweak interactions , processes involving Higgs and two light particles , [MATH] meson and two [MATH] mesons , [MATH] , [MATH] and other heavy particles decaying into the pair of light particles .
These are electroweak interactions , processes involving Higgs and two light particles , a [MATH] meson and two [MATH] mesons , [MATH] , [MATH] , and other heavy particles decaying into a pair of light particles , etc .
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{}
{}
hep-ph-9801399
1
2
23
easy
23
As a result , we can control the term [MATH] leading to interaction Morawetz estimates for mNLS .
As a result , we can control the term [MATH] , and hence obtain the interaction Morawetz estimates for mNLS .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 15]}}
{}
{}
1112.4452
1
2
24
easy
24
One can easily notice the absence of quadratic IR divergent integral [MATH] .
One can easily notice the absence of the quadratic IR divergent integral [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
{}
{}
1602.01333
1
2
25
easy
25
Notice that this result is valid in the short region where [MATH] .
Notice that this result is valid in the short-distance region where [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
{}
{}
1408.4517
1
2
26
easy
26
Those results can pave the way towards constructing all-optical logical devices .
These results are expected to pave the way towards constructing all-optical logical devices .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 5]}}
{}
{}
1012.2247
1
2
27
easy
27
What conditions are necessary , then , in order that symmetry breaking occurs ?
What conditions are necessary , then , in order that symmetry breaking occurs in the first place ?
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 17]}}
{}
{}
1201.3968
2
3
28
easy
28
We illustrate the potential for this framework by studying a vertical shear instability in disks with cylindrical temperature structure , and examining the modes associated with the magnetorotational instability in a disk model with spherical temperature structure .
We illustrate the potential of this framework by studying a vertical shear instability and examining the modes associated with the magnetorotational instability .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}
{}
{}
1406.4864
1
2
29
easy
29
Maximal efficiency of 48 ( 3 ) [MATH] was achieved for [MATH] Na .
A maximal efficiency of 48 ( 3 ) [MATH] was achieved for [MATH] Na .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
{}
{}
0709.3670
1
2
30
easy
30
From the Maxwell equation [REF] , the Einstein equation [REF] , and the matter conservation equation [REF] , we finally obtain a closed system of three ordinary differential equations ( ODEs ) for the three dimensionless variables [MATH] , [MATH] and [MATH] : [EQUATION] with matter equation-of-state ( EOS ) parameter [MATH] .
From the Maxwell equation [REF] , the Friedmann equation [REF] , and the matter conservation equation [REF] , we finally obtain a closed system of three ordinary differential equations ( ODEs ) for the three dimensionless variables [MATH] , [MATH] , and [MATH] : [EQUATION] with matter equation-of-state ( EOS ) parameter [MATH] .
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{}
{}
0806.2805
5
6
31
easy
31
The correspondence variables [MATH] is a binary random variable .
The correspondence variables [MATH] are binary random variables .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 8]}}
{}
{}
1707.02387
3
4
32
easy
32
If a proposed window is non-face , the CNN outputs a vector of [MATH] .
If a proposed window is non-face , the CNN outputs a vector of [MATH] whose gradients will be ignored during back propagation .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 22]}}
{}
{}
1701.08393
1
2
33
easy
33
In Section [REF] , however , I show that there are straightforward ways that a UD-random number can look very nonrandom .
In Section [REF] , however , I show that there are straightforward ways that a UD random number can look very nonrandom .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 17]}}
{}
{}
1203.4126
1
2
34
easy
34
Following the formalism in [CITATION] , we obtain the volume weighted and energy integrated [MATH] -ray source function due to pion decay , [EQUATION] where the sum extends over our three CR populations , [MATH] is given by equations ( [REF] ) , ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) , while [MATH] and [MATH] are provided by equation ( [REF] ) and we introduced an auxiliary variable [MATH] for dimensional reasons to ensure that [MATH] is dimensionless .
Following the formalism in [CITATION] , we obtain the volume weighted and energy integrated and omnidirectional ( i.e integrated over the [MATH] solid angle ) [MATH] -ray source function due to pion decay , [EQUATION] where the sum extends over our three CR populations , [MATH] is given by equations ( [REF] ) , ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) , while [MATH] and [MATH] are provided by equation ( [REF] ) and we introduced an auxiliary variable [MATH] for dimensional reasons to ensure that [MATH] is dimensionless .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 25]}}
{}
{}
1001.5023
1
2
35
easy
35
First , since signals from many PMTs are involved in generating the trigger , the trigger needs to be robust against coherent noises among channels .
First , since signals from many PMTs are involved in generating the trigger , the trigger needs to be robust against coherent noise among channels .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}
{}
{}
1602.00858
1
2
36
easy
36
On the theoretical side , Schack and Caves [CITATION] showed that the Balazs-Voros-Saraceno quantum baker [CITATION] can be seen as a shift on a string of quantum bits -in full analogy with the classical case- and exhibited a family of alternative quantizations .
On the theoretical side , Schack and Caves [CITATION] showed that the Balazs-Voros-Saraceno quantum baker [CITATION] can be seen as a shift on a string of quantum bits ( in full analogy with the classical case ) , thus taking an important step towards generalizing the method of symbolic dynamics to the quantum case .
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{}
{}
1004.1626
1
2
37
easy
37
Reineke [CITATION] ( c.f. Section [REF] ) realized that the DT-invariant for a Dynkin quiver can be calculated as a product of quantum dilogarithms , indexing by any HN-stratum of [MATH] , which is a ' maximal refined version ' of torsion pairs on an abelian category .
Reineke [CITATION] ( cf. Section [REF] ) realized that the DT-type invariant for a Dynkin quiver can be calculated as a product of quantum dilogarithms , indexing by any HN-stratum of [MATH] , which is a ' maximal refined version ' of torsion pairs on an abelian category .
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{}
{}
1111.1010
2
3
38
easy
38
Of these [MATH] ranges , the [MATH] - [MATH] is maybe the most interesting , since it contains the important BAO scale .
Of these [MATH] ranges , the [MATH] - [MATH] is perhaps the most interesting , since it contains the important BAO scale .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}}
{}
{}
1905.01133
1
2
39
easy
39
The radius decreases with increasing particle number .
Radii decrease with increasing particle number .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}
{}
{}
0911.1722
1
2
40
easy
40
Susceptible nodes are healthy individuals .
Susceptible nodes are healthy individuals that never experienced the illness .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 10]}}
{}
{}
1404.1006
1
2
41
easy
41
More compelling is though the fact that mean field calculations and Monte Carlo simulations of the dynamics and thermodynamics of this Hamiltonian are able to reproduce the experimental phenomenology [CITATION] .
More compelling is though the fact that mean field replica theory and Monte Carlo simulations of the dynamics and thermodynamics of this Hamiltonian are able to reproduce the experimental phenomenology [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 11]}}
{}
{}
cond-mat-0006258
1
2
42
easy
42
For these tasks , during training , input sequences range from a length of [MATH] characters to [MATH] .
For these tasks , the input sequences encountered during training range from a length of [MATH] to [MATH] characters .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1611.09321
2
3
43
easy
43
The long range of cell-generated displacements and stresses , and the localization into intercellular tensile tethers , allow cells to sense each other and their surroundings over larger distances through a fibrous matrix , than through homogeneous hydrogels with linear elastic behavior .
The long range of cell-generated displacements and stresses , and the localization into intercellular tensile tethers , allow cells to sense each other and their surroundings over larger distances through a fibrous matrix than through homogeneous hydrogels with linear elastic behavior .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [33, 34], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1407.3510
1
2
44
easy
44
In this paper , I focus on the local average treatment effect ( LATE ) , which is defined by [EQUATION] .
I focus on the local average treatment effect , which is defined by [EQUATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1511.04162
1
2
45
easy
45
In Ref. [CITATION] , TP-PLE measurements have been performed in conjunction with SHG experiments on WSe [MATH] which has very similar properties as WS [MATH] , showing the same symmetries and similar spin-splitting of the valence bands .
This material system has very similar properties as WS [MATH] , in particular it has the same symmetries and similar spin-splitting of the valence bands .
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{}
{}
1404.4238
3
4
46
easy
46
While there is very little recent stellar imaging available in the F675W filter , examination of standard stars observed in the F555W or F547M filters a few months prior to execution of the present program show this pattern to be common ; it is consistent with a small amount of comatic aberration .
While , as noted earlier , there is very little recent stellar imaging available in the F675W filter , examination of standard stars observed in the F555W or F547M filters a few months prior to execution of the present program show this pattern to be common ; it is consistent with a small amount of comatic aberration .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 6]}}
{}
{}
0906.0020
1
2
47
easy
47
If , however , one wanted to probe , e.g. , graviton 3- or 4-point functions then we would need to expand to at least cubic or quartic order in the curvature , respectively ; these will not be of interest to us here but might be of interest in future experiment [CITATION] which would tell us more about the underlying theory of gravity .
If , however , one wanted to probe , e.g. , graviton 3- or 4-point functions then we would need to expand to at least cubic or quartic order in the curvature , respectively ; these will not be of interest to us here but might be of interest in future experiments [CITATION] which would tell us more about the underlying theory of gravity .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [51, 52], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [51, 52]}}
{}
{}
hep-ph-0603242
1
2
48
easy
48
Let [MATH] and assume that [MATH] , then [ ( 1 ) ] under Assumption A1 , [EQUATION] under Assumptions A1 and A2 , [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] .
Let [MATH] and assume that [MATH] , then [ ( 1 ) ] under the assumption A1 , [EQUATION] under the assumption A1 and A2 , [EQUATION] where [EQUATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [14, 15], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 16]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 22]}}
{}
{}
1609.03261
2
3
49
easy
49
Indeed , depending on their masses and mixing with active neutrinos , the new states can be produced in collider and/or low-energy experiments , and their contribution to physical processes can be sizable .
Indeed , depending on their masses and mixing with active neutrinos , the new states can be produced in collider and/or low energy experiments , and their contribution to physical processes can be sizable .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 23]}}
{}
{}
1503.04159
1
2
50
easy
50
In Section [REF] , we summarize the calculation of the two-loop correction to the background field effective potential and in Section [REF] , we give the corresponding expression for the one-loop correction to the Polyakov loop .
In Sec. [REF] , we summarize the calculation of the two-loop correction to the background field effective potential and in Sec. [REF] , we give the corresponding expression for the one-loop correction to the Polyakov loop .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}
{}
{}
1412.5672
1
2
51
easy
51
Fortunately , base on the extended [MATH] -formalism [CITATION] , Vernizzi and Wands [CITATION] invented an analytic method to estimate its non-Gaussianities .
Fortunately , based on the extended [MATH] -formalism [CITATION] , Vernizzi and Wands [CITATION] invented an analytic method to estimate such non-Gaussianities .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [20, 21]}}
{}
{}
1008.3198
1
2
52
easy
52
Fig. [REF] ( c ) summarizes our distance determination in a plot taken from [CITATION] .
Figure [REF] ( c ) summarizes our determination of distance in a plot taken from [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
{}
{}
1308.6112
1
2
53
easy
53
We assume that [MATH] , along with a desired error probability [MATH] are public knowledge .
We want Bob to receive Alice 's message and for both players to terminate , with error probability at most [MATH] , where [MATH] is a parameter known to both Alice and Bob .
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{}
{}
1605.04486
1
2
54
easy
54
Here Lorentzian spaces result compact , building up spheres , where hopefully the problems of the Standard Model could be solved , but , to obtain the graviton , one has to use a symmetric tensor quadrilinear in Weyl spinors .
Here Lorentzian spaces result compact , building up spheres , where hopefully some of the problems of the Standard Model could be solved as pointed out in the conclusions .
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{}
{}
0905.2902
3
4
55
easy
55
The equation ( [REF] ) is still approximately valid ( since the velocities of all monomers involved into motion are of the same order of magnitude ) , but [MATH] should be integrated in the limits [MATH] , yielding relaxation time for one fold [EQUATION]
The equation ( [REF] ) is still valid , but [MATH] should be replaced by [MATH] and [MATH] should be integrated in the limits [MATH] , yielding relaxation time for one fold [EQUATION]
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 17]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 27], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
cond-mat-0510418
1
2
56
easy
56
We finally studied the pentaquark spectrum using our framework and found that the masses of the pentaquark states made of ground state heavy-light meson and its chiral partner are similar , and both of them are below the [MATH] threshold , which therefore can not be ruled out by the present data [CITATION] .
We finally studied the pentaquark spectrum using our framework and found that the masses of the pentaquark states made of a ground state heavy-light meson and its chiral partner are similar and both of them are below the [MATH] threshold , which therefore can not be ruled out by the present data [CITATION] .
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{}
{}
1212.5079
1
2
57
easy
57
For this reason in Fig. [REF] we show the first two principal components ( [MATH] , [MATH] ) for the SAM ensemble of synthetic spectra .
For this reason in Fig. [REF] we show the first two principal components ( [MATH] , [MATH] ) for the semi-analytic model ( SAM ) ensemble of synthetic spectra .
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{}
{}
astro-ph-0210471
2
3
58
easy
58
In this procedure the temperature is not constant , but rises according to [MATH] , where the heating rate [MATH] nK/s is the same as before and [MATH] is somewhat lower because of the less complex timing sequence .
Here the temperature is not constant , but rises according to [MATH] , where the heating rate [MATH] nK/s is the same as before and [MATH] is somewhat lower because of the less complex timing sequence .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
{}
{}
0907.3814
1
2
59
easy
59
In the regime of low accuracy , SCSG is never worse than classical stochastic gradient descent ( SGD ) .
In the regime of low accuracy , SCSG is never worse than the classical stochastic gradient descent ( SGD ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}
{}
{}
1609.03261
2
3
60
easy
60
The idea of this work is to extend the phase space description of quantum mechanics due to J. Klauder to a much broader framework that we shall call the trajectory approach to quantum dynamics .
The idea of this work is to extend the phase space description of quantum mechanics due to J. Klauder to a significantly broader framework .
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{}
{}
1712.04813
1
2
61
easy
61
In particular , we plot the fraction of Euclidean [MATH] nearest neighbors found , by [MATH] NN in [MATH] -bit and [MATH] -bit LSH [CITATION] and MLH [CITATION] binary codes .
In particular , we plot the fraction of Euclidean [MATH] nearest neighbors found , by [MATH] NN in [MATH] - and [MATH] -bit LSH [CITATION] and MLH [CITATION] binary codes .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}
{}
{}
1307.2982
2
3
62
easy
62
The cooling frequency [MATH] can not be seen from the radio-to-X-ray spectrum .
The cooling frequency [MATH] can not be seen from the radio-to-X-ray spectrum obtained by Galama et al ( 1999 ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 20]}}
{}
{}
astro-ph-9906062
1
2
63
easy
63
Thus we need to find a suitable weighted function [MATH] , i.e. [MATH] satisfies [EQUATION] where [MATH] .
Thus [MATH] satisfies [EQUATION] where [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1310.4021
1
2
64
easy
64
In order to determine the location of each velocity complex we need to break the kinematic distance ambiguity , i.e. for each complex we need to decide if we assume it to be on the near or the far side of the tangent point .
To determine the location of each velocity complex , we need to break the kinematic distance ambiguity ; that is we need to decide for each complex if we assume it to be on the near or the far side of the tangent point .
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{}
{}
1308.6112
1
2
65
easy
65
This motivates us to experiment with Transformer models which share the parameters across layers .
This motivates us to experiment with parameter sharing across layers .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 8]}}
{}
{}
1905.04226
1
2
66
easy
66
We estimate the normalization factor , [MATH] , as a Monte-Carlo integral , [EQUATION] and dividing the product in [REF] by [MATH] we recover the posterior at time [MATH] .
We estimate the normalization factor , [MATH] , as a Monte-Carlo integral , [EQUATION] and dividing the product in [REF] by [MATH] we recover the posterior density at time [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}
{}
{}
1501.06848
1
2
67
easy
67
We introduce two auxiliary variables [MATH] and [MATH] , that live in the same space as [MATH] and [MATH] , and they are drawn from an auxiliary distribution [MATH] .
We introduce two auxiliary variables [MATH] and [MATH] , that live in the same space as [MATH] and [MATH] , drawn from an auxiliary distribution [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1703.08520
1
2
68
easy
68
Recently , a nonparametric modeling approach for forecasting the evolution of the probability density of low-dimensional dynamics was introduced in [CITATION] .
Recently , a nonparametric modeling approach , called the diffusion forecast , for predicting the evolution of the probability density of low-dimensional dynamical system was introduced in [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 24]}}
{}
{}
1501.06848
1
2
69
easy
69
This specific form for [MATH] , though not completely general , covers a wide array of possibilities and has been considered ( some only in [MATH] ) in may different contexts for a multitude of purposes in the literature [CITATION] .
This specific form for [MATH] , though not completely general , covers a wide array of possibilities and has been considered ( sometimes only in [MATH] ) in may different contexts for a multitude of purposes in the literature [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 23]}}
{}
{}
hep-ph-0603242
1
2
70
easy
70
Similar arguments have been employed in [CITATION] and [CITATION] .
Similar arguments have been employed in [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1312.0576
1
2
71
easy
71
We then discuss the implementation of those techniques in MadGraph , using its " user mode " option [CITATION] in section 3 .
We then discuss the implementation of those techniques in MadGraph , using its " user mode " option [CITATION] in section [REF] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}
{}
{}
1010.0748
2
3
72
easy
72
This implies that a certain self-product of [MATH] admits an exotic Hodge class that could not be presented as a linear combination of products of divisor classes .
This implies that a certain self-product of [MATH] admits an exotic Hodge class that could not be presented as a linear combinations of products of divisor classes .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}
{}
{}
0907.1563
2
3
73
easy
73
When the matching scale is chosen such that the decay amplitude with isospin [MATH] is close to its experimental value , the [MATH] meson contributes more than 85 of the total [MATH] amplitude .
When the matching scale is chosen such that the decay amplitude with isospin [MATH] is close to its experimental value , our model including the [MATH] meson contributes up to 80 of the total [MATH] amplitude .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 24]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [25, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 31]}}
{}
{}
1409.2639
1
2
74
easy
74
So if system ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) has a stationary solution , so does the system ( [REF] ) .
So if system ( [REF] ) - ( [REF] ) has a stationary solution , so does system ( [REF] ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 18], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
math-0607050
1
2
75
easy
75
This includes for example sensitivity analysis or parameter optimization tasks such as identification .
This includes for example sensitivity analysis or parameter optimization tasks such as identifiability analysis or estimation .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 16]}}
{}
{}
1201.3749
1
2
76
easy
76
Provided these conditions are fulfilled by [MATH] , it is concluded that [EQUATION] for large [MATH] .
Provided these conditions are satisfied by [MATH] , it is concluded that [EQUATION] for large [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 5]}}
{}
{}
quant-ph-0501138
2
3
77
easy
77
For notational convenience , we will drop the subscript of [MATH] and simply refer this parameter as [MATH] as it is the only bias vector ( we are not considering the other bias [MATH] due to proposition [REF] ) .
For notational convenience , we will drop the subscript of [MATH] and simply refer this parameter as [MATH] since it is the only bias vector ( we are not considering the other bias [MATH] due to remark [REF] ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [36, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [36, 37]}}
{}
{}
1605.07145
1
2
78
easy
78
The terms in ( [REF] ) yields the Feynman rules Appendix D .
The terms in ( [REF] ) yields the Feynman rules given in appendix D .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}
{}
{}
1602.01333
1
2
79
easy
79
We demonstrate below that also in " classical " system ( i.e. , not " quantum " ) logarithmically slow glassy dynamics can naturally persist even at vanishing temperature and can lead to the experimentally observed phenomenology .
We demonstrate below that also in a " classical " system ( i.e. , not " quantum " ) logarithmically slow glassy dynamics can naturally persist even at vanishing temperatures and can lead to the experimentally observed phenomenology .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}
{}
{}
cond-mat-0006258
2
3
80
easy
80
Our redshifts catalog is made of a total number of 798 galaxies with the equatorial coordinates in the range [EQUATION] ( B1950.0 , hereafter all coordinates are referred to1950.0 ) .
In total we have selected 798 redshift for galaxies lying in the range : [EQUATION] ( B1950.0 , hereafter all coordinates are referred to1950.0 ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 10]}}
{}
{}
astro-ph-9701224
1
2
81
easy
81
Hence , studying the surface-state evolution across a parameter range for which the band inversion occurs , can give a reliable estimate of the band gap at [MATH] , and thus further elucidate the process of the inversion .
Hence , studying the surface-state evolution across a parameter range for which the band inversion occurs , can give a reliable estimate of the band gap at [MATH] and thus further elucidate the process of the inversion .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1401.6643
1
2
82
easy
82
In this paper we always assume [MATH] is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure , i.e. according to the Radon-Nikodym theorem , there exits a non-negative function [MATH] satisfying [MATH] .
In this paper we always assume [MATH] is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure , i.e. there exits a non-negative function [MATH] satisfying [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1310.4021
3
4
83
easy
83
It is possible to arrange this scale-dependene in such a way as to shift the tensor spectral index by a constant , thus mimicking the effect of the collapse mechanism considered here .
It is possible to arrange this scale-dependence in such a way as to shift the tensor spectral index by a constant , thus mimicking the effect of the collapse mechanism considered here .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}
{}
{}
1404.5740
1
2
84
easy
84
We find typical signal-to-background rates at best at the 1 level , leading to rather pessimistic conclusions regarding detectability via these channels .
We find typical signal-to-background rates at best at the 1 level and without any spectral distortions , leading to rather pessimistic conclusions regarding detectability via these channels .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 16]}}
{}
{}
1401.1162
1
2
85
easy
85
For a self-affine interface ( [MATH] ) , the function [MATH] is expected to follow a power law variation [MATH] , where [MATH] is the roughness exponent .
For a self-affine interface , the function [MATH] is expected to follow a power law variation [MATH] , where [MATH] is the roughness exponent .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1904.03047
1
2
86
easy
86
[CITATION] At low pressures ( hydrostatic cell , upper panel ) , the sample behaves as previously reported by Ru et al. , [CITATION] although no appreciable local minimum at 10 K has been seen for these initial values of pressure .
At low pressures ( hydrostatic cell , upper panel ) , the sample behaves as previously reported by Ru et al. , [CITATION] although no appreciable local minimum at 10 K has been seen for these initial values of pressure .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
0811.0792
1
2
87
easy
87
The proof , which appears in Appendix A.1 , involves a standard technique for analyzing sampling without replacement .
The proof , which appears in Appendix [REF] , involves a standard technique for analyzing sampling without replacement .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
{}
{}
1609.03261
1
2
88
easy
88
In addition to this , we demonstrate how different choices of parameters influence the performace , and can be optimized to significantly improve the final results with respect to e.g. tfit .
In addition to this , we demonstrate how different choices of parameters influence the performace , and can be optimized to significantly improve the final results with respect to tfit , for example .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 31]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 33]}}
{}
{}
1505.02516
3
4
89
easy
89
The final layer does not have an auxiliary model , it is learned with a linear spatial averaging followed by a 2-hidden layer constant depth fully connected network , for all experiments .
The final layer does not have an auxiliary model- it is followed by a pooling and 2-hidden layer fully connected network , for all experiments .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 18]}}
{}
{}
1901.08164
1
2
90
easy
90
Then we have [MATH] when [EQUATION]
Then we have [MATH] when [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 7]}}
{}
{}
1803.05578
1
2
91
easy
91
These low frequency fluctuations are necessarily related to the formation of finite-size magnetic domains [CITATION] , corresponding to finite correlation lengths of the magnetic order observed in neutron diffraction .
Such low frequency fluctuations are necessarily related to the formation of finite-size magnetic domains [CITATION] , corresponding to finite correlation lengths of the magnetic order observed in neutron diffraction .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
{}
{}
1710.08173
2
3
92
easy
92
Evidently in the coordinate representation the Hamiltonian operator is manifestly symmetric when the special biorthogonal basis ( [REF] ) , [EQUATION] is chosen .
Evidently in the coordinate representation the Hamiltonian operator is manifestly [MATH] -symmetric when the special biorthogonal basis ( [REF] ) , [EQUATION] is chosen .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [10, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 12]}}
{}
{}
quant-ph-0602207
3
4
93
easy
93
Calibration scans were done every 10 minutes , a pointing every 60 to 90 minutes .
Calibration scans were done every 10 minutes and a pointing every 60 to 90 minutes .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
{}
{}
1308.6112
1
2
94
easy
94
We joined these genes with the patient ’ s clinical features ( hormone treatment indicator , radiotherapy indicator , chemotherapy indicator , ER-positive indicator , age at diagnosis ) .
We join these genes with the patient ’ s clinical features ( hormone treatment indicator , radiotherapy indicator , chemotherapy indicator , ER-positive indicator , age at diagnosis ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}
{}
{}
1810.04247
1
2
95
easy
95
This conditional distribution is not of a convenient form , so Monte Carlo methods are needed .
This conditional distribution is not of a convenient form , so numerical methods are needed .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}
{}
{}
1406.3521
1
2
96
easy
96
The power posterior method involves transitioning from the prior to the posterior by powering the likelihood by a temperature variable .
The power posterior method involves transitioning from the prior to the posterior by powering the likelihood by an inverse temperature .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 20]}}
{}
{}
1209.3198
1
2
97
easy
97
The last possible charge configuration is when there are two excess electrons in a double quantum dot - state " 2 " with occupation probability [MATH] .
The last possible charge configuration is when there are two excess electrons in a double quantum dot ( two-electron ground state ) with occupation probability [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [17, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 22]}}
{}
{}
0808.2905
1
2
98
easy
98
The result is displayed in Fig. 3 .
The result is displayed in FIG . 3 .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 7]}}
{}
{}
0709.2735
2
3
99
easy
99
As discussed in Sect. [REF] , we most probably we underestimate the excitation temperature in our calculations above due to sub-beam clumpiness .
As discussed in Sect. [REF] , we most probably underestimate the excitation temperature in our calculations above due to subbeam clumpiness .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [20, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 20]}}
{}
{}
1308.6112
1
2
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Dataset Card for ArXivEdits (Edits)

ArXivEdits is a dataset comprising 751 English scientific papers from arXiv, each with sentence alignments across multiple revisions. It also includes fine-grained, span-level edits which are annotated with the revision type and the underlying intention for 1000 sentences. This dataset consists of only the edits subset of the whole dataset. The sentence-aligned papers can be found in this dataset.

Dataset Sources

Check the original paper and repository for a more detailed description:

Citation 

@article{jiang-etal-2022-arXivEdits,
  title={arXivEdits: Understanding the Human Revision Process in Scientific Writing},
  author={Jiang, Chao and Xu, Wei and Stevens, Samuel},
  journal={In Proceedings of EMNLP 2022},
  year={2022}
}
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