Datasets:

nanyy1025

/

pubmed_rct_200k

like 0

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "three-dimensional ( @d ) presentations enhance the understanding of complex anatomical structures .", "however , it has been shown that two dimensional ( @d ) `` key views '' of anatomical structures may suffice in order to improve spatial understanding .", "the impact of real @d images ( @dr ) visible only with @d glasses has not been examined yet .", "contrary to @dr , regular @d images apply techniques such as shadows and different grades of transparency to create the impression of @d .", "this randomized study aimed to define the impact of both the addition of key views to ct images ( @d + ) and the use of @dr on the identification of liver anatomy in comparison with regular @d presentations ( @d ) .", "a computer-based teaching module ( tm ) was used .", "medical students were randomized to three groups ( @d + or @dr or @d ) and asked to answer @ anatomical questions and @ evaluative questions .", "both @d groups had animated models of the human liver available to them which could be moved in all directions .", "@ medical students ( @ % female ) participated in this randomized trial .", "students exposed to @dr and @d performed significantly better than those exposed to @d + ( p < @ , anova ) .", "there were no significant differences between @d and @dr and no significant gender differences ( p > @ , t-test ) .", "students randomized to @d and @dr not only had significantly better results , but they also were significantly faster in answering the @ anatomical questions when compared to students randomized to @d + ( p < @ , anova ) .", "whether or not `` key views '' were used had no significant impact on the number of correct answers ( p > @ , t-test ) .", "this randomized trial confirms that regular @d visualization improve the identification of liver anatomy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the authors evaluated the long-term efficacy and side effects in patients with nonmetastatic , unilateral , inflammatory breast cancer ( ibc ) who received homogeneous treatment with intensive induction chemotherapy followed by a maintenance regimen .", "one hundred twenty patients were randomized to receive high-dose fluorouracil , epirubicin , and cyclophosphamide ( fec-hd ) ( fluorouracil @ mg/m ( @ ) on days @ to @ , epirubicin @ mg/m ( @ ) on days @ to @ , and cyclophosphamide @ mg/m ( @ ) on days @ to @ for @ cycles every @ days ) with or without lenograstim .", "locoregional treatment consisted of surgery and/or radiotherapy .", "maintenance chemotherapy was fec @ ( fluorouracil @ mg/m ( @ ) , epirubicin @ mg/m ( @ ) , and cyclophosphamide @ mg/m ( @ ) on day @ every @ days for @ cycles ) .", "no hormone treatment was allowed .", "the safety of the fec-hd regimen was described previously .", "among @ patients who underwent surgery , a pathologic complete response ( pcr ) was achieved by @ % of patients with breast tumors and by @ % of patients with involved axillary lymph nodes .", "the overall pcr rate was @ % .", "one hundred nine patients received fec @ .", "after a median @ years of follow-up , the disease-free survival ( dfs ) and overall survival ( os ) rates were @ % and @ % , respectively .", "the median dfs was @ months ( @ % confidence interval [ @ % ci ] , @-@ months ) , and the median survival was @ months ( @ % ci , @-@ months ) .", "five patients developed a temporary decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction without congestive heart failure .", "in the lenograstim group , @ patient developed acute myeloblastic leukemia m@ , and @ patient developed myelodysplastic syndrome .", "fec-hd induction chemotherapy followed by fec @ maintenance regimen had moderate and acute long-term toxicities and lead to high dfs and os rates in patients with ibc ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "plasma malondialdehyde ( mda ) , a reactive product of lipid peroxidation , may be influenced by anti-oxidant therapy .", "the aim of the present study was to investigate if elevated mda as induced by increased free fatty acids ( ffa ) correlates with endothelial function and is affected by high doses of vitamin c.", "the study design was randomised , placebo-controlled , double blind , @-way cross over .", "plasma mda concentrations and forearm blood flow ( fbf ) responses to intra-arterial acetylcholine ( ach ) and glyceryl trinitrate were assessed during co-administration of vitamin c or placebo in the presence of increased plasma ffa by intralipid/heparin infusion in @ healthy male subjects .", "the seven-fold rise in plasma ffa was associated with an increase in plasma mda concentrations ( r = @ , p < @ ) and decreased fbf responses to ach ( r = -@ , p < @ ) .", "co-administration of vitamin c restored the impaired reactivity of fbf to ach but had no effect on elevated mda concentrations .", "anti-oxidant vitamin c improves lipid-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation , but does not alter mda formation or breakdown ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "with such a wide variety of treatment options available for rectal prolapse and a variable success rate , the optimal treatment for this condition in children is still debated .", "in this study , we evaluated a technique of perineal mesh rectopexy with a sterile talc-soaked mesh and compared the success rates and complications of this method with those of abdominal rectopexy .", "to examine the effect of therapeutic interventions , a randomized control trial ( children were randomized into the case group or the control group ) was carried out .", "in the control group , children were operated on by abdominal posterior mesh rectopexy .", "in the case group , a @-cm sterile asbestos-free talc-soaked mesh was placed in the presacral space in a spiral fashion with the end exiting from the perineal incision .", "from @ ( th ) day after surgery onward , the mesh was gradually extracted ( @cm per day ) and completely removed by the @ ( th ) postoperative day .", "on postoperative assessment , the duration of hospitalization , the postoperative complications and the success rates after surgery were compared .", "patients were followed up for one year .", "in this study we evaluated @ children .", "mean age of the patients was @ years in the case group and @ years in the control group ( p = ns ) .", "@ patients in the case group were male vs. @ patients in the control group .", "results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications between groups .", "the infection rate was @ % in the case group and @ % in the control group ( p = ns ) .", "there was a higher resolution of constipation in the perineal rectopexy group ( @ % in the control group and @ % in the case group ; p = @ ) .", "the duration of hospitalization was @ days in the case group and @ days in the control group ( p = ns ) .", "our findings suggest that perineal mesh rectopexy with sterile talc can be an alternative approach to abdominal surgery and offers an acceptable outcome with a low rate of complications ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "total clamping of the hepatic pedicle can induce profound hepatic ischemia/reperfusion ( i/r ) injury , which remains a potentially lethal problem after hepatectomy .", "the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a protease inhibitor in ameliorating i/r injury of the human liver .", "in a prospective , randomized , clinical study , @ patients who underwent liver resection under conditions of continuous inflow occlusion were randomly assigned to three groups : @ patients were given a synthetic protease inhibitor ( gabexate mesilate [ gm ] , @ mg/kg/hr ) intravenously starting @ hours before surgery until postoperative day @ ( preop gm group ) ; @ were similarly given gm at the beginning of surgery ( intraop gm group ) ; and @ served as controls ( without gm group ) .", "laboratory data and intraoperative and postoperative variables were analyzed and plasma levels of cytokines -- tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( tnf-alpha ) , interleukin-@beta ( il-@beta ) , and interleukin-@ ( il-@ ) -- were measured to determine the relationship between surgical stress and hepatic i/r injury .", "the three groups of patients were similar in terms of age , gender , preoperative assessments , hepatic inflow occlusion time ( approximately @ minutes ) , extent of resection ( proportion of major and minor hepatectomy ) , and background liver conditions .", "preoperative administration of gabexate mesilate ( preop gm group ) substantially ameliorated hepatic i/r injury as compared with the other patients ( intraop and without gm groups ) ; postoperative serum transaminase levels were notably decreased in association with marked suppression of il-@ levels in blood circulation during liver surgery .", "this was accompanied by a lower rate of postoperative complications and no mortality .", "gabexate mesilate pretreatment abrogated the positive correlation between postreperfusion hepatocyte injury and hepatic ischemia time .", "preoperative administration of gm is useful for preventing i/r injury of the human liver , accompanied by suppression of the plasma proinflammatory cytokine il-@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the three effective , commercially available drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction-sildenafil , vardenafil , and tadalafil-inhibit the same substrate , the erectolytic enzyme phosphodiesterase type @ ( pde@ ) .", "although there are pharmacological differences between these three compounds , few comparative studies have been conducted to date .", "the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sildenafil , tadalafil , and vardenafil in a randomly assigned @-week fixed regimen .", "this was a spontaneous , open-label , randomized , multicenter , crossover study where the patients were randomized to receive sildenafil @ mg , sildenafil @ mg , tadalafil @ mg , or vardenafil @ mg .", "the primary outcome included the posttreatment analysis of erectile function domains of the abridged international index of erectile function ( iief@ +@ ) .", "the secondary objectives included the analysis of peak-systolic velocities ( psvs ) , end-diastolic velocities ( edvs ) , and resistive index ( ri ) , and the estimate of the percentage of men with normal penile hemodynamic parameters after each treatment .", "in all groups of patients taking sildenafil @ mg , sildenafil @ mg , tadalafil @ mg , and vardenafil @ mg at a frequency reflecting the common treatment regimens in real life , there was a statistically significant baseline-to-end point improvement in subjective perception of erectile function measured by iief@ +@ .", "when the four groups were compared , the treatments were not different in modifying iief@ +@ and penile flow parameters .", "however , the within-group analysis showed that psv improved in the sildenafil @ mg group and that psv together with ri significantly ameliorated in patients receiving @ mg of sildenafil .", "regression analysis confirmed an independent effect of sildenafil on hemodynamic efficacy parameters .", "an overall equivalence was demonstrated in the subjective perception of treatment benefits for all the pde@i tested .", "however , sildenafil , in a dose-dependent manner , was the unique pde@i able to ameliorate some of the penile flow parameters within the @-week treatment period .", "these findings should be interpreted conservatively because of the observational nature of the study ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "laparoscopic ovarian drilling ( lod ) has been put forward as the treatment of choice in women with clomiphene citrate ( cc ) - resistant polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) , with tubo-ovarian adhesion formation as the major disadvantage .", "our study proposed to compare the efficacy of laparoscopic unilateral ovarian drilling with bilateral ovarian drilling in terms of ovulation and pregnancy rate with the expected advantage of decreasing postoperative adhesion rate and change in fimbiro ovarian relationship with unilateral drilling .", "this prospective randomized study included @ patients with anovulatory infertility due to pcos .", "twenty-two patients underwent unilateral ovarian drilling in group-i and @ patients underwent bilateral ovarian drilling in group-ii between june @ and june @ .", "the number of drilling site in each ovary was limited to five .", "the clinical and biochemical response , ovulation and pregnancy rates over a follow-up period of @ year were compared .", "tubo-ovarian adhesion rate was compared during cesarean section or during repeat laparoscopy .", "there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of clinical and biochemical response , ovulation rate and pregnancy rate .", "postoperatively , tubo-ovarian adhesions could be assessed in @ % of the patients and no adhesions were found in a single case in either group .", "unilateral drilling cauterization of ovary is equally efficacious as bilateral drilling in inducing ovulation and achieving pregnancy .", "unilateral ovarian drilling may be a suitable option in clomiphene citrate resistant infertility patient of pcos which can replace bilateral ovarian drilling with the potential advantage of decreasing the chances of adhesion formation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "to determine the influence of incorrectly performed steps during the application of the water-based adhesive system optibond fl on the marginal adaptation of class v composite restorations .", "in @ extracted human teeth class v cavities were prepared .", "half of the margin length was situated in dentin .", "the teeth were randomly divided into @ groups .", "the cavities were filled with prodigy resin-based composite in combination with optibond fl according to the manufacturer 's instructions ( group o ) and including several incorrect application steps : group a : prolonged etching ( @ s ) ; group b : no etching of dentin ; group c : excessive drying after etching ; group d : short rewetting after excessive drying ; group e : air drying and rewetting ; group f : blot drying ; group g : saliva contamination ; group h : application of primer and immediate drying ; group i : application of only primer ; group j : application of only adhesive ; group k : no light curing of the adhesive before the application of composite .", "after thermocycling , replicas were taken and the margins were quantitatively analyzed in the sem .", "statistical analysis of the results was performed using non-parametric procedures .", "with exception of the `` rewetting groups '' ( d and e ) and the group with saliva contamination ( g ) , all other application procedures showed a significantly higher amount of marginal openings in dentin compared to the control group ( o ) .", "margin quality in enamel was only affected when the primer was not applied ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field ( pemf ) therapy for women with fibromyalgia ( fm ) .", "fifty-six women with fm , aged @ to @ years , were randomly assigned to either pemf or sham therapy .", "both the pemf group ( n = @ ) and the sham group ( n = @ ) participated in therapy , @ minutes per session , twice a day for @ weeks .", "treatment outcomes were assessed by the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire ( fiq ) , visual analog scale ( vas ) , patient global assessment of response to therapy , beck depression inventory ( bdi ) , and short-form @ health survey ( sf-@ ) , after treatment ( at @ wk ) and follow-up ( at @ wk ) .", "the pemf group showed significant improvements in fiq , vas pain , bdi score , and sf-@ scale in all domains at the end of therapy .", "these improvements in fiq , vas pain , and sf-@ pain score during follow-up .", "the sham group also showed improvement were maintained on all outcome measures except total fiq scores after treatment .", "at @ weeks follow-up , only improvements in the bdi and sf-@ scores were present in the sham group .", "low-frequency pemf therapy might improve function , pain , fatigue , and global status in fm patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate whether the clinical advantages observed after @ year in a randomized controlled clinical trial , in which @ treatment strategies were compared ( the early disease-modifying antirheumatic drug [ dmard ] approach versus the pyramid approach ) , persist after @ years .", "in this study , @ patients with recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) were randomized to either the pyramid group ( n = @ ) or the early dmard group ( n = @ ) .", "patients assigned to the pyramid group received nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for at least @ year after inclusion ( the mean + / - sd lag time until first prescription of a dmard was @ + / - @ months ) .", "patients in the early dmard group were treated with a dmard immediately after inclusion .", "after @ years , data were available for @ patients in the pyramid group ( @ % ) and @ patients in the early dmard group ( @ % ) .", "no prolongation of the clinical advantages in favor of the early dmard group , as observed after the first year , was demonstrated .", "nevertheless , a significantly shorter delay time until complete response and a higher number of patients with overall clinically relevant improvement at several assessment points were observed in the early dmard group compared with the pyramid group .", "the clinical results in favor of the early dmard group , as observed after the first year , were not as evident after @ years .", "this indicates that a more aggressive treatment approach in early ra is required , and that treatment should be continued for a prolonged period of time , in order to maintain the advantages obtained in the first year ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the paper describes recruitment results and characteristics of the up-tech clinical trial sample , including level of care services use , informal caregiver burden and its determinants .", "up-tech is designed to test innovative care solutions for community-dwelling patients with moderate stage alzheimer 's disease and their caregivers in italy .", "four hundred and fifty patient-caregiver dyads were randomized into three arms receiving different combinations of services , composed of case management interventions , nurse visits , assistive technology and educational brochures .", "the research nurses administered a questionnaire comprising an in-depth socio-demographic assessment and several clinical scales , such as novak 's caregiver burden inventory .", "analyses of baseline data were conducted using uni - and bi-variate statistics .", "linear regressions were computed to identify de-confounded correlates of caregiver burden .", "four hundred and thirty-eight patient-caregiver dyads were recruited and randomized .", "in our sample , patients are predominantly women ( @ % ) , with an average age of @ years and a mean mini-mental state examination score of @ .", "caregivers are mostly women ( @ % ) and offspring ( @ % ) , with a mean caregiver burden score of @ .", "they provide more than @ hours of care per week , while receiving an almost negligible support from public services .", "factors associated with caregiver burden are female gender , kinship and the patient 's behavioral disturbances .", "the most important factor associated with lower burden is the employment of a live-in care worker .", "the paper provides a comprehensive description of moderate stage alzheimer 's disease patients and their caregivers , suggesting useful markers of caregiver burden .", "the well-balanced randomization assures the reliability of the study data-set for prospective evaluation of care strategies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate and glass ionomer when placed coronally as double-sealing materials over gutta percha .", "seventy extracted anterior teeth were cleaned , shaped , and obturated with gutta percha and sealapex .", "after removing @ mm of coronal gutta percha , the teeth were randomly divided into @ groups .", "in two experimental groups of @ teeth each , @ mm of either mineral trioxide aggregate or glass ionomer was placed in the chamber over gutta percha .", "a positive control group of @ teeth received no barrier .", "a negative control group of @ teeth was covered completely with sticky wax .", "all teeth , except the negative controls , were covered with @ layers of sticky wax except for the access openings .", "teeth were immersed in pelikan ink for @ hours , and then were decalcified , dehydrated , and cleared .", "leakage into the canals was measured in millimeters and statistically analyzed between the two experimental groups using the mann-whitney test .", "results showed that the glass ionomer group leaked significantly more than the mineral trioxide aggregate group ( p < @ ) .", "it was concluded from this study that mineral trioxide aggregate may be preferred over glass ionomer as a seal intracoronally following root canal treatment to prevent coronal microleakage ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of parent-based behavioral counseling for reducing secondhand smoke exposure ( shse ) among children with cancer .", "it also examined predictors of smoking and shse outcomes .", "participants were @ parents or guardians of nonsmoking children with cancer , < @ years , at least @ days postdiagnosis , and living with at least one adult smoker .", "parents were randomized to either a standard care control group or an intervention consisting of six counseling sessions delivered over @ months .", "parent-reported smoking and child shse levels were obtained at baseline , @ , @ , @ , and @ months .", "children provided urine samples for cotinine analyses .", "reductions in parent-reported smoking and exposure were observed in both the intervention and control conditions .", "there was a significantly greater reduction in parent-reported smoking and child shse at @ months for the intervention group compared with the control group .", "child shse was significantly lower at @ months relative to baseline in both groups .", "children 's cotinine levels did not show significant change over time in either group .", "exposure outcomes were influenced by the number of smokers at home , smoking status of the parent participating in the trial , and the child 's environment ( home versus hospital ) the day before the assessment .", "children 's shse can be reduced by advising parents to protect their child from shse , combined with routine reporting of their child 's exposure and cotinine testing , when delivered in the context of the pediatric cancer setting .", "more intensive interventions may be required to achieve greater reductions in shse ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the cesarean rates in women undergoing induction of labor with unfavorable cervices who receive either misoprostol or extra-amniotic saline infusion .", "we assigned @ women undergoing indicated induction of labor randomly to misoprostol ( @ microg every @ hours for three doses with or without oxytocin ) or extra-amniotic saline infusion and oxytocin .", "each eligible subject had a singleton gestation , vertex presentation , intact membranes , cervical dilation no more than @ cm , and effacement no more than @ % .", "two hundred forty-eight women were studied after two exclusions ; @ were assigned to misoprostol , and @ to extra-amniotic saline infusion .", "this sample size ensured an @ % chance of detecting an intergroup difference in cesarean rates of at least two-fold .", "the groups were similar in age , race , parity , indication for induction , and gestational age .", "the extra-amniotic saline infusion group had a significantly lower median initial dilation ; however , at @ hours , this group was significantly more dilated .", "the groups also were similar in epidural use , chorioamnionitis rates , endometritis rates , birth weights , and neonatal outcomes .", "overall , @ % of women underwent cesarean deliveries , @ % and @ % for the misoprostol and extra-amniotic saline infusion groups , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "there were no significant differences in the median time to either vaginal or cesarean delivery between the two groups .", "eighty-one percent of women were delivered in less than @ hours from initiation of induction ; @ % in the misoprostol group , and @ % in the extra-amniotic saline infusion group ( p = @ ) .", "both methods of labor induction appear to be equally effective in this group of women at high risk for cesarean delivery and prolonged induction of labor ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to evaluate , prospectively , outcomes following arthroscopic bankart repair performed with @ types of suture anchor -- the g ii ( depuy mitek , raynham , ma ) nonabsorbable anchor and the panalok ( depuy mitek ) absorbable anchor .", "patients with a diagnosis of recurrent traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder who were seen in a single unit between april of @ and june of @ were considered for inclusion in the study .", "patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by means of a subjective , patient-related outcome measurement tool ( oxford instability score ) , a visual analogue scale for pain and instability ( vas pain and vas instability ) , and a quality-of-life questionnaire ( short form-@ [ sf-@ ] ) .", "length of follow-up was @ to @ years ( mean , @ y ) .", "the incidence of recurrent instability and the level of sporting ability were recorded .", "patients were randomized to undergo surgical repair with nonabsorbable or absorbable anchors .", "a total of @ patients were included in this study , of whom @ were lost to follow-up ; therefore @ patients ( @ % ) completed the study .", "both types of anchor were highly effective .", "no differences in rate of recurrence or in any of the scores were noted between the @ groups .", "in all , @ patients in the nonabsorbable group and @ in the absorbable group experienced additional episodes of dislocation after a traumatic event .", "rate of redislocation in the whole series was therefore @ % .", "in addition , @ patients , all of them from the absorbable group ( @ % ) , described ongoing symptoms of instability but no true dislocations .", "in all , @ % of the patient group have returned to their previous level of sporting activity .", "no differences in outcomes of arthroscopic bankart repair were seen whether absorbable or nonabsorbable anchors were used .", "both are highly effective , with a redislocation rate of @ % .", "level i , therapeutic randomized controlled trial ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "treatment of prostatic disease with gnrh agonists or by orchidectomy affects bone mass negatively .", "estrogen treatment has beneficial effects on bone mass in women and might hypothetically have a bone preserving capacity also in patients with prostatic cancer .", "we followed serum markers for bone and collagen metabolism and sex steroids for @ months in patients with prostatic cancer treated by orchidectomy ( n = @ ) or by single-drug parenteral polyestradiol phosphate ( @ mg intramuscularly every second week for the first two months , and then every fourth week ; n = @ ) .", "total and free testosterone reached castration levels within @ months of estrogen treatment .", "four patients developing progressive disease and/or signs of metastasis were excluded from the analysis .", "in the remaining patients , serum osteocalcin , procollagen iiip ( piiinp ) , procollagen ( picp ) , and the crosslinked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type i collagen ( ictp ) increased significantly over time following orchidectomy ( n = @ ) .", "serum osteocalcin and picp decreased significantly over time during estrogen treatment ( n = @ ) .", "treatment values of all four markers were significantly lower in estrogen-treated than in orchidectomized patients .", "the changes in serum bone and collagen markers indicate an increased bone turnover in orchidectomized subjects .", "the opposite pattern was found in the estrogen-treated patients , indicating a reduced turnover .", "estrogens may also have a bone mass-preserving capacity in elderly males with prostatic cancer ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this prospective , multicenter study was to assess @-year changes in sinonasal symptoms and health care use after office-based multisinus balloon dilation .", "adults diagnosed with chronic or recurrent acute rhinosinusitis per the @ adult sinusitis guidelines were enrolled in this institutional review board-approved study .", "balloon dilation of the maxillary sinuses/ethmoid infundibula with or without frontal or sphenoid ostial dilation was performed in the physician 's office under local anesthesia .", "intraoperative procedure technical success and subject procedure tolerance were recorded .", "efficacy was assessed using the patient-reported @-item sino-nasal outcome test ( snot-@ ) and rhinosinusitis symptom inventory ( rsi ) .", "complications and revision surgeries were also recorded .", "a total of @ ostial dilations were attempted and @ were successfully completed ( @ % ) in @ subjects .", "mean procedure tolerance was @ @ ( @ = no pain ; @ = severe pain ) .", "clinically meaningful and statistically significant ( p < @ ) mean snot-@ symptom improvement was observed at @ and @ months and sustained through @ year .", "the rsi treatment effect for all major rhinosinusitis symptoms was `` large '' and improvement in each was significant ( p < @ ) .", "compared with the previous @-year period , patients reported an average of @ fewer acute sinus infections ( p < @ ) , @ fewer antibiotic courses taken ( p < @ ) , and @ fewer sinus-related physician visits ( p < @ ) after balloon dilation .", "no serious device or procedure-related adverse events occurred .", "one subject ( @ % ) underwent revision surgery .", "in-office , multisinus balloon dilation is safe , effective , and well tolerated .", "patients reported significant reductions in both sinonasal symptoms and health care use after balloon dilation .", "efficacy observed at @ and @ month follow-up was sustained through @ year with a very low rate of revision surgery .", "this study was a part of the clinical trial nct@ registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "administering outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in the community setting ( copat ) is becoming more common with the increasing emphasis on controlling costs .", "however , few controlled trials have evaluated this treatment modality .", "using data from a recent randomized trial comparing daptomycin with standard therapy ( semi-synthetic penicillin or vancomycin , each with initial low-dose gentamicin ) for staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and infective endocarditis ( sab/ie ) , patient characteristics and outcomes were evaluated .", "patients receiving their full course of therapy in the hospital setting were compared with those who received some portion outside of the hospital ( copat ) .", "among the @ patients , @ % received copat .", "these patients were generally younger ( median age @ versus @ years , p = @ ) .", "in the copat group , there tended to be fewer patients with endocardial involvement ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) and pre-existing valvular heart disease ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) .", "copat patients received longer therapy courses ( mean @ versus @ days , p < @ ) and had higher rates of therapy completion ( @ % versus @ % , p < @ ) and clinical success ( @ % versus @ % , p < @ ) .", "persisting or relapsing s. aureus was less frequent in the copat group ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) and there were fewer deaths ( @ % versus @ % , p = @ ) @ weeks after the end of therapy .", "hospital readmission occurred for @ of the @ ( @ % ) copat patients .", "clinical success rates were similar for copat patients receiving daptomycin ( @ % ) or standard therapy ( @ % ) .", "with proper monitoring , stable patients can complete treatment for sab/ie as outpatients in the community setting .", "daptomycin is an appropriate option for this setting ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of @ % ropivacaine for topical anesthesia in dentistry .", "thirty healthy volunteers randomly ( blind crossover ) received the following treatments : @ mg of @ % ropivacaine gel ( ropivacaine-@ ) , @ mg of @ % ropivacaine gel ( ropivacaine-@ ) , @ mg of the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics @ % lidocaine and @ % prilocaine ( emla cream , astrazeneca ; emla-@ ) , @ mg of emla ( emla-@ ) , @ mg of @ % benzocaine gel ( benzotop , dfl ; benzocaine-@ ) , and @ mg of @ % benzocaine gel ( benzocaine-@ ) , applied on the maxillary buccal fold of the right canine at different sessions .", "pain was assessed by visual analog scale ( vas ) and @-point box scale ( bs-@ ) after the insertion of @-gauge needles .", "soft tissue anesthesia was measured by pinprick test .", "data were analyzed by friedman and pearson correlation tests .", "all the topical anesthetics evaluated showed similar performance in relation to the pain perceived after needle insertion ( p > @ ) , and there were no significant differences among groups considering vas or bs-@ ( p = @ and p = @ , respectively ) .", "the duration of soft tissue anesthesia was not statistically significantly different for ropivacaine-@ , emla-@ , benzocaine-@ , ropivacaine-@ , emla-@ , and benzocaine-@ , but emla-@ showed significantly longer duration than the other agents ( p < @ ) .", "all topical anesthetics were similar in reducing pain to needle insertion .", "emla-@ promoted longer duration of soft tissue anesthesia ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "little is known about the efficacy of mental health interventions for children exposed to armed conflicts in low - and middle-income settings .", "childhood mental health problems are difficult to address in situations of ongoing poverty and political instability .", "to assess the efficacy of a school-based intervention designed for conflict-exposed children , implemented in a low-income setting .", "a cluster randomized trial involving @ children ( @ % inclusion rate ) who were a mean ( sd ) age of @ ( @ ) years , were attending randomly selected schools in political violence-affected communities in poso , indonesia , and were screened for exposure ( > or = @ events ) , posttraumatic stress disorder , and anxiety symptoms compared with a wait-listed control group .", "nonblinded assessment took place before , @ week after , and @ months after treatment between march and december @ .", "fifteen sessions , over @ weeks , of a manualized , school-based group intervention , including trauma-processing activities , cooperative play , and creative-expressive elements , implemented by locally trained paraprofessionals .", "we assessed psychiatric symptoms using the child posttraumatic stress scale , depression self-rating scale , the self-report for anxiety related disorders @-item version , and the children 's hope scale , and assessed function impairment as treatment outcomes using standardized symptom checklists and locally developed rating scales .", "correcting for clustering of participants within schools , we found significantly more improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms ( mean change difference , @ ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @ to @ ) and maintained hope ( mean change difference , -@ ; @ % ci , -@ to -@ ) in the treatment group than in the wait-listed group .", "changes in traumatic idioms ( stress-related physical symptoms ) ( mean change difference , @ ; @ % ci , -@ to @ ) , depressive symptoms ( mean change difference , @ ; @ % ci , -@ to @ ) , anxiety ( mean change difference , @ ; @ % ci , -@ to @ ) , and functioning ( mean change difference , @ ; @ % ci , -@ to @ ) were not different between the treatment and wait-listed groups .", "in this study of children in violence-affected communities , a school-based intervention reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms and helped maintain hope , but did not reduce traumatic-stress related symptoms , depressive symptoms , anxiety symptoms , or functional impairment .", "isrctn.org identifier : isrctn@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effect of sucrose solution given by mouth on infant crying times and measures of distress in the immunisation clinic .", "randomised , double blind , placebo controlled trial of sucrose solution @ % wt/vol v sterile water as a control .", "the immunisation clinic of the women 's and children 's hospital , adelaide .", "a total of @ healthy infants attending for @ , @ , or @ month immunisations with polio by mouth ( sabin ) , intramuscular diphtheria , tetanus , and pertussis ( dtp ) , and intramuscular haemophilus influenzae type b were randomised to receive @ ml @ % sucrose solution or sterile water by mouth before the two injections .", "the duration of infant crying was recorded during and immediately after two intramuscular immunisations and infant distress was assessed by a visual analogue scale ( oucher scores ) independently by a nurse and a parent .", "the administration of @ ml @ % sucrose solution by mouth reduced the infant crying time and oucher distress scores after immunisation with dtp/h influenzae type b.", "infant immunisation by intramuscular injection is a distressing procedure for infants and parents .", "sucrose solution at a high concentration reduces infant distress and is safe and clinically useful in this setting ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there is debate over the independent and combined effects of dieting and increased physical activity on improving metabolic risk factors ( body composition and fat distribution ) .", "the objective of the study was to conduct a randomized , controlled trial ( calerie ) to test the effect of a @ % energy deficit by diet alone or diet plus exercise for @ months on body composition and fat distribution .", "this was a randomized , controlled trial .", "the study was conducted at an institutional research center .", "thirty-five of @ overweight but otherwise healthy participants ( @ males , @ females ) completed the study .", "participants were randomized to either control ( healthy weight maintenance diet , n = @ ) , caloric restriction ( cr ; @ % reduction in energy intake , n = @ ) , or caloric restriction plus exercise ( cr+ex ; @ % reduction in energy intake + @ % increase in exercise energy expenditure , n = @ ) for @ months .", "changes in body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and changes in abdominal fat distribution by multislice computed tomography were measured .", "the calculated energy deficit across the intervention was not different between cr and cr+ex .", "participants lost approximately @ % of body weight ( cr : - @ + / - @ , cr+ex : - @ + / - @ kg , p = @ ) , approximately @ % of fat mass ( cr : - @ + / - @ , cr+ex : - @ + / - @ kg , p = @ ) , and @ % of abdominal visceral fat ( cr : @ + / - @ , cr+ex : @ + / - @ kg , p = @ ) .", "both whole-body and abdominal fat distribution were not altered by the intervention .", "exercise plays an equivalent role to cr in terms of energy balance ; however , it can also improve aerobic fitness , which has other important cardiovascular and metabolic implications ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the effect of two premedication regimes with different benzodiazepines on anxiety , hemodynamic data , sympatho-adrenal activity , and bispectral index ( bis ) was evaluated during the variable time period prior to induction of anesthesia .", "this prospective , double-blind study was performed with @ asa class i and ii patients .", "patients were randomized either to group i : evenings @ hours @ mg chlorazepate dipotassium ( cd ) , mornings @ hours @ mg cd , placebo @ min prior to anesthesia ( on demand ) or group ii : evenings @ mg cd , mornings placebo , @ mg midazolam on demand .", "in group i the bis dropped after administration of @ mg cd and was significantly lower at @ , @ and @ hours compared to baseline ( mean + / - sd ; @ + / -@ , @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ , respectively vs. @ + / -@ ; p < @ ) , whereas the bis of group ii did not decrease significantly .", "both groups did not differ significantly with respect to all variables obtained throughout the study period .", "we conclude that @ mg cd the evening before surgery prevented an increase of anxiety and sympatho-adrenal activity in both groups and might therefore be sufficient as premedication .", "fixed time application of @ mg cd at @ hours or @ mg midazolam @ min prior to anesthesia did not further affect these variables preoperatively ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "observational studies have shown that attentional bias for smoking-related cues is associated with increased craving and relapse .", "laboratory experiments have shown that manipulating attentional bias may change craving .", "interventions to reduce attentional bias could reduce relapse in smokers seeking to quit .", "we report a clinical trial of attentional retraining in treatment-seeking smokers .", "this was a double-blind randomised controlled trial that took place in uk smoking cessation clinics .", "smokers interested in quitting were randomised to five weekly sessions of attentional retraining ( n = @ ) or placebo training ( n = @ ) using a modified visual probe task from one week prior to quit day .", "both groups received @ mg nicotine patches ( from quit day onwards ) and behavioural support .", "primary outcomes included change in attentional bias reaction times four weeks after quit day on the visual probe task and craving measured weekly using the mood and physical symptoms scale .", "secondary outcomes were changes in withdrawal symptoms , time to first lapse and prolonged abstinence .", "no attentional bias towards smoking cues was found in the sample at baseline ( mean difference = @ ms , @ % ci = -@ , @ ) .", "post-training bias was not significantly lower in the retraining group compared with the placebo group ( mean difference = -@ ms , @ % ci = -@ , @ ) .", "there was no difference between groups in change in craving ( p = @ ) and prolonged abstinence at four weeks ( risk ratio = @ , @ % ci = @ , @ ) .", "taken with one other trial , there appears to be no effect from clinic-based attentional retraining using the visual probe task .", "attentional retraining conducted out of clinic may prove more effective .", "uk clinical trials isrctn @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "during team athletic events , athletic trainers commonly provide fluids with water bottles .", "when a limited number of water bottles exist , various techniques are used to deliver fluids .", "to determine whether fluid delivered via water-bottle administration influenced fluid consumption and hydration status .", "crossover study .", "outdoor field ( @ c @ c ) .", "nineteen participants ( @ men , @ women , age = @ @ years , height = @ @ cm , mass = @ @ kg ) were recruited from the university and local running clubs .", "the independent variable was fluid delivery with @ levels : self-administration with mouth-to-bottle direct contact ( sa-dc ) , self-administration with no contact between mouth and bottle ( sa-nc ) , and external administration with no contact between the mouth and the bottle ( ea-nc ) .", "participants warmed up for @ minutes before completing @ exercise stations , after which an ad libitum fluid break was given , for a total of @ breaks .", "we measured the fluid variables of total volume consumed , total number of squirts , and average volume per squirt .", "hydration status via urine osmolality and body-mass loss , and perceptual variables for thirst and fullness were recorded .", "we calculated repeated-measures analyses of variance to assess hydration status , fluid variables , and perceptual measures to analyze conditions across time .", "the total volume consumed for ea-nc was lower than for sa-dc ( p = @ ) and sa-nc ( p = @ ) .", "the total number of squirts for sa-dc was lower than for sa-nc ( p = @ ) .", "the average volume per squirt for ea-nc was lower than for sa-dc ( p = @ ) and sa-nc ( p = @ ) .", "participants arrived ( @ @ mosm/l ) and remained ( @ @ mosm/l ) hydrated , with no difference between conditions ( p = @ ) ; however , the ea-nc condition lost more body mass than did the sa-dc condition ( p = @ ) .", "there was no main effect for condition on thirst ( p = @ ) or fullness ( p = @ ) .", "external administration of fluid decreased total volume consumed via a decreased average volume per squirt .", "the sa-dc method requires fewer squirts within a specific time frame .", "fluid breaks every @ minutes resulted in maintenance of euhydration ; however , loss of body mass was influenced by fluid administration .", "athletic trainers should avoid external administration to promote positive hydration behaviors .", "when fluid is self-administered , individual bottles may be the best clinical practice because more volume can be consumed per squirt ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "evaluation of safety and postoperative outcomes of the laryngeal mask airway ( lma ) during pediatric tonsil surgery compared to use of the endotracheal tube ( ett ) .", "randomized controlled trial .", "a population-based sample of @ patients ages @ to @ years requiring adenotonsillectomy , adenoidectomy , or tonsillectomy was studied .", "evaluation forms covering @ safety , surgery duration , and patient comfort variables were given to the surgeon , anesthesiologist , and phase i and phase ii recovery nurses to collect data on the intra - and postoperative course .", "a phone survey was conducted @ hours after surgery .", "at the level following bonferroni correction , lma showed less coughing or gagging during the anesthesia phase for all surgeries combined ( @ % for ett vs. @ % for lma ; ( @ ) = @ , p = @ ) , and for ett nontonsillectomy vs. lma nontonsillectomy ( @ % for ett vs. @ % for lma ; ( @ ) = @ , p = @ ) , spontaneous ventilation was used more often in the lma group when comparing all surgeries ( ( @ ) = @ , p = @ ) , and when comparing ett tonsillectomy and lma tonsillectomy ( ( @ ) = @ , p = @ ) .", "use of the lma during pediatric tonsil surgery does not appear to have any major disadvantages compared to use of the ett .", "in fact , analysis of safety , comfort , complications , and postoperative problems suggests that lma may be superior for some outcome variables such as coughing and gagging .", "use of spontaneous ventilation is more common among lma patients , although the significance of this finding is uncertain ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "beta-blockers reduce sympathetic tone , increase vagal tone and improve prognosis in ischaemic heart disease .", "nitroglycerin , being a vasodilator , may theoretically have an opposite effect and worsen the prognosis .", "the purpose of the present study was to analyse heart rate variability ( hrv ) , which reflects autonomic tone , in angina patients on isosorbide-@-mononitrate ( is-@-mn ) and/or metoprolol .", "thirty-two patients ( @-@ years old ) , with recently developed angina ( median duration : @ months ) , showing no other disease and on no drugs , were holter-monitored @-@ h at baseline and after @-@ days on is-@-mn ( mean daily dose : @ mg ) , on metoprolol ( mean daily dose : @ mg ) and on the combined treatment .", "recordings were analysed on the marquette series @ holter scanner .", "both is-@-mn and metoprolol significantly reduced myocardial ischaemia ( st integral ) and ventricular tachycardias .", "metoprolol induced significant changes in the following parameters ( baseline versus metoprolol ) : high-frequency peak @ + / - @ versus @ + / - @ ms ( p < @ ) , low-to-high frequency ratio @ + / - @ versus @ + / - @ ( p < @ ) , root mean square of rr interval difference @ + / - @ versus @ + / - @ ms ( p < @ ) , rr intervals differing more than @ ms from the preceding one @ + / - @ versus @ + / - @ % ( p < @ ) , mean of all @-min standard deviations @ + / - @ versus @ + / - @ ms ( p < @ ) and mean rr interval @ + / - @ versus @,@ + / - @ ms ( p < @ ) .", "the combined treatment caused approximately the same hrv changes as metoprolol alone .", "is-@-mn had no significant effect on any hrv parameter , neither alone nor in combination with metoprolol .", "a clinically effective dose of metoprolol had potentially positive effects on hrv with increase in vagal and decrease in sympathetic tone while is-@-mn had no effect on hrv , neither positive nor negative , neither alone nor in combination with metoprolol ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the pathologic complete response ( pcr ) rate of patients treated with @-fluorouracil ( @-fu ) , doxorubicin , and cyclophosphamide ( fac ) versus dose-intense fac plus g-csf in the neoadjuvant setting and to compare the delivered dose intensity , disease-free survival ( dfs ) and overall survival ( os ) times , and toxicity between treatment arms in patients with breast cancer .", "patients were randomized to receive preoperative fac ( @-fu , @ mg/m ( @ ) ; doxorubicin , @ mg/m ( @ ) ; cyclophosphamide , @ mg/m ( @ ) ) every @ days for four cycles or dose-intense fac ( @-fu , @ mg/m ( @ ) ; doxorubicin , @ mg/m ( @ ) ; cyclophosphamide , @,@ mg/m ( @ ) ) plus g-csf every @ days for four cycles .", "two hundred two patients were randomly assigned .", "the median follow-up was @ years .", "patients randomized to fac plus g-csf had a higher pcr rate as well as clinical complete response rate ; however , these differences were not statistically different from those with the fac arm .", "patients in the fac + g-csf arm had a higher delivered dose intensity of doxorubicin in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings than those in the standard fac arm .", "dfs and os times were not significantly different between the two groups .", "however , the os and dfs rates were significantly higher for patients who achieved a pcr than for those who did not .", "thrombocytopenia , febrile neutropenia , and infection rates were higher in the fac + g-csf arm .", "a higher delivered dose intensity of doxorubicin with the fac + g-csf regimen did not result in a statistically significant higher pcr rate .", "however , patients who achieved a pcr experienced longer dfs and os times ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "treatment guidelines recommend the use of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma who have persistent symptoms and the `` stepping down '' of therapy to the minimum needed to maintain control of asthma .", "whether patients with asthma that is well controlled with the use of inhaled corticosteroids twice daily can receive a step-down treatment with once-daily montelukast ( our primary hypothesis ) or once-daily fluticasone propionate plus salmeterol ( our secondary hypothesis ) has not yet been determined .", "we randomly assigned @ patients with asthma that was well controlled by inhaled fluticasone ( @ microg twice daily ) to receive continued fluticasone ( @ microg twice daily ) ( @ patients ) , montelukast ( @ or @ mg each night ) ( @ patients ) , or fluticasone ( @ microg ) plus salmeterol ( @ microg ) each night ( @ patients ) .", "treatment was administered for @ weeks in a double-blind manner .", "the primary outcome was the time to treatment failure .", "approximately @ % of patients assigned to receive continued fluticasone or switched to treatment with fluticasone plus salmeterol had treatment failure , as compared with @ % of subjects switched to montelukast .", "the hazard ratio for both comparisons was @ ( @ % confidence interval , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "the percentage of days on which patients were free of asthma symptoms ( @ to @ % ) was similar across the three groups .", "patients with asthma that is well controlled with the use of twice-daily inhaled fluticasone can be switched to once-daily fluticasone plus salmeterol without increased rates of treatment failure .", "a switch to montelukast results in an increased rate of treatment failure and decreased asthma control ; however , patients taking montelukast remained free of symptoms on @ % of treatment days .", "( clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ [ clinicaltrials.gov ] . )" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "despite the excellent results published on circular stapled mucosectomy ( csm ) , there is still some concern about the application of pph-@ in the advanced haemorrhoidal disease , where a major prolapse may lead to insufficient resection and ensuing early recurrence .", "this study is aimed at comparing the outcomes after single purse-string csm versus double purse-string csm .", "a prospective randomised clinical trial of single versus double purse-string csm for grade iii-iv symptomatic haemorrhoids was used .", "one hundred consecutive patients were randomised to single ( group @ , n = @ ) versus double purse-string csm ( group @ , n = @ ) .", "the mean age was @ years , with a predominance of males ( @ vs. @ ) .", "haemorrhoids were classified as grade iii in @ % and grade iv in @ % of the patients .", "mean follow-up was @ months .", "demographic and clinical features showed no differences between the two groups .", "the size of the resected doughnut was greater in group @ ( @ vs. @ cm ; p < @ ) , as was the distance of the suture from the dentate line ( @ vs. @ cm ; p < @ ) .", "early postoperative pain was significantly less in group @ ( linear analogue scale from @ to @ ) , @ vs. @ ( p < @ ) .", "postoperative haemorrhage was absent or minimal in @ % of patients .", "three patients from group @ reported persistent pain that was resolved within the first few postoperative months .", "there were two recurrences in group @ .", "double purse-string csm resects a greater doughnut , increases the distance of the staple suture from the dentate line and reduces early postoperative pain in comparison to single purse-string csm .", "larger series are necessary to assert whether recurrence is lower ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the oxidative stress response to aerobic exercise at high and moderate intensities .", "twenty healthy untrained men were randomly allocated into two groups : moderate intensity ( mi ) and high intensity ( hi ) .", "subjects of group mi and hi ran on the treadmill for @-minutes at a running speed corresponding to @ % and @ % vo ( @max ) respectively .", "blood lactate ( la ) was measured before and immediately after the exercise .", "the subjective rate of perceived exertion ( rpe ) was obtained at the end of the trail .", "venous blood samples were obtained before the exercise , immediately , @ h , and @ h after exercise .", "blood samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde ( mda ) , as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation ; uric acid ( ua ) as an intrinsic antioxidant ; creatinin kinase ( ck ) activity , as a biomarker of muscle damage as well as total and differential leucocytes , as biomarkers of inflammation .", "the pattern of rpe was not significantly influenced by intensity of exercise .", "there was no significant difference in la , ck , mda , ua , and total and differential leukocytes between two groups ( p > @ ) .", "mda was increased @ h after exercise only in group hi ( p < @ ) .", "plasma ua concentrations and ck activities were significantly greater than pre-exercise in immediately and @ h after exercise in both groups ( p < @ ) .", "exercise resulted in significant leukocytosis immediately after exercise in both groups and @ h after exercise only in group hi ( p < @ ) , returning to pre-exercise levels after @ h just in group mi .", "neutrophil counts were increased @ h after exercise in both groups and @ h after exercise only in group hi ( p < @ ) .", "monocyte counts were increased @ h after exercise only in group hi ( p < @ ) .", "these data suggest that exercise with moderate intensity causes less lipid peroxidation and inflammation in comparison with high intensity exercise ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "contradicting results have been published regarding the effect of conjugated linoleic acid ( cla ) on insulin resistance .", "however , only a few studies have used the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method , which is considered the standard for measuring insulin resistance .", "to evaluate if cla as a mixture of the main isomers trans-@ cis-@ and cis-@ trans-@ affects the insulin resistance in healthy overweight and obese male and female adults .", "the main study was a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial with change in body composition as primary end point comprising @ subjects receiving supplementation with either placebo ( olive oil ) or cla ( clarinol ) for @ months .", "a sub-population of @ subjects agreed additionally to participate in an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study at baseline and after @ months of supplementation with study drug .", "the primary outcome was the change in glucose uptake ( m ) as measured by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp method .", "secondary outcomes were the correlates between insulin resistance and changes in body composition or blood chemistry parameters .", "forty-one subjects completed the clamp test at both time points .", "the median m of the cla group was @ mg min ( -@ ) lean body mass ( lbm ) ( -@ ) ( n = @ ) at baseline , @ mg min ( -@ ) lbm ( -@ ) ( n = @ ) after @ months , and the median difference was +@ mg min ( -@ ) lbm ( -@ ) ( n = @ ) .", "the median m of placebo group was @ mg min ( -@ ) lbm ( -@ ) at baseline and @ mg min ( -@ ) lbm ( -@ ) after @ months and the median difference was -@ mg min ( -@ ) lbm ( -@ ) ( n = @ ) .", "no significant ( p < @ ) differences were found within groups or between groups .", "likewise , the glucose uptake insulin concentration ratio during clamp ( m/i ) was independent of treatment and time .", "homeostasis model assessment ( homa ) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index derived from fasting glucose and insulin were also independent of treatment and time , and homa for the clamp population ( n = @ ) corresponded well with homa for the per protocol population ( n = @ ) .", "correlation analysis showed that changes in m were inversely correlated to changes in glucohemoglobin ( p = @ ) , but did not correlate with changes in either glucose , insulin , insulin c-peptide , leptin , adiponectin or percent body fat .", "cla does not affect glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity in a population of overweight or obese volunteers ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic hernia repair can equal or surpass an established open method at an acceptable cost .", "a randomized , prospective comparison with a follow-up of @ to @ months ( median , @ months ; planned , @ years ) .", "health maintenance organization hospital .", "one hundred patients between @ and @ years of age were randomized .", "no patient withdrew from the study after randomization .", "transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic and open tension-free repairs using a polypropylene mesh .", "operative and discharge times , costs , recovery , and morbidity .", "`` return to work '' was supplemented by a performance assessment using a panel of exercises .", "operative and hospitalization times were not significantly different between the two types of repair .", "patients with laparoscopic unilateral repairs returned to work faster ( @ vs @ days ) .", "at @ week postoperatively , performance of straight-leg raises correlated well with time to return to work for patients with strenuous jobs .", "the laparoscopic repair was more expensive than the open approach ( $ @ vs $ @ ) .", "laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair can be accomplished with operative and hospitalization times and a short-term recurrence rate similar to those of an established open technique .", "perioperative exercise testing may be an important adjunct to return to work in the comparison of methods ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in patients requiring permanent pacemaker implantation for sinus node disease ( snd ) or atrioventricular ( av ) block , right ventricular ( rv ) pacing has been demonstrated to increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation ( af ) .", "the effects of rv pacing in patients with paroxysmal af are less well defined .", "short - and medium-term studies have suggested no significant correlation between rv pacing and atrial fibrillation burden ( afb ) measurement ; we sought to assess for an effect in the long-term .", "sixty-six patients were randomized to receive either conventional dual chamber pacing ( dddr , n = @ ) , or dual chamber minimal ventricular pacing ( minvp , n = @ ) , for a period of at least @ year .", "patients were reviewed every @ months and all pacemaker data were downloaded .", "the primary outcome measures were device-derived afb and progression to persistent af .", "the mean duration of study follow-up was @ @ years .", "mean ventricular pacing was less in the minvp cohort compared with the dddr cohort ( @ vs. @ % , p < @ ) .", "at follow-up , the device-derived afb was significantly lower in the minvp cohort when compared with the dddr cohort ( @ @ % vs. dddr @ @ % , p < @ ) .", "kaplan-meier estimates of time to onset of persistent af showed significant reductions in the rates of persistent af for minvp pacing ( @ % ) when compared with conventional dddr pacing ( @ % ) , p = @ .", "right ventricular pacing induces increased afb in patients with paroxysmal af in the long term .", "dual chamber minvp algorithms result in reduced afb and reduced disease progression from paroxysmal to persistent af in the long term ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "it has been hypothesized that a long-term response to cardiac resynchronization therapy ( crt ) could correlate with myocardial viability in patients with left ventricular ( lv ) dysfunction .", "contractile reserve and viability in the region of the pacing lead have not been investigated in regard to acute response after crt .", "fifty-one consecutive patients with advanced heart failure , lv ejection fraction < or = @ % , qrs duration > @ ms , and intraventricular asynchronism > or = @ ms were prospectively included .", "the week before crt implantation , the presence of viability was evaluated using dobutamine stress echocardiography .", "acute responders were defined as a > or = @ % increase in lv stroke volume .", "the average of viable segments was @ + / - @ in responders and @ + / - @ in nonresponders ( p = @ ) .", "viability in the region of the pacing lead had an excellent sensitivity ( @ % ) , but a low specificity ( @ % ) to predict acute response to crt .", "mitral regurgitation ( mr ) was reduced in @ patients ( @ % ) with acute response .", "the presence of mr was a poor predictor of response ( sensibility @ % and specificity @ % ) .", "however , combining the presence of mr and viability in the region of the pacing lead yields a sensibility ( @ % ) and a specificity ( @ % ) to predict acute response to crt .", "myocardial viability is an important factor influencing acute hemodynamic response to crt .", "in acute responders , significant mr reduction is frequent .", "the combined presence of mr and viability in the region of the pacing lead predicts acute response to crt with the best accuracy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "for unilateral spinal block , local anesthetics should affect the spinal nerves of @ side .", "with full flexion of the spine , the sunken cauda equina becomes tightened and is suspended in the middle of the subarachnoid space .", "we performed this study to assess whether spinal flexion facilitates unilateral spinal anesthesia .", "hyperbaric bupivacaine ( @ mg ) was administered at the l@-@ interspace through a @-gauge quincke needle at a rate of @ ml/s .", "patients were randomly allocated to group f ( with full spinal flexion ) or group n ( the hips and back straightened ) .", "after maintaining the lateral position for @ minutes with or without spinal flexion , patients were gently returned to the supine position .", "spinal blockade was assessed by loss of pinprick sensation and the modified bromage motor scale .", "while the lateral position was maintained , sensory block was noted on the nondependent side in @ of @ patients in group n ( @ % ) but only in @ of @ patients in group f ( @ % ) ( p < @ ) .", "the median level of sensory block in group n was l@ on the nondependent side just before turning to the supine position .", "when patients were returned to the supine position , sensory blockade on the nondependent side was noted in all group n patients ( @ % ) and @ group f patients ( @ % ) .", "the sensory level on the nondependent side between group n and group f were similar after turning supine .", "strict unilateral sensory block was not achieved even after lateral decubitus positioning with spinal flexion , when @ mg hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered manually at a conventionally slow rate through a beveled spinal needle .", "however , maintaining flexion of the spinal column during lateral decubitus positioning altered the initial onset of sensory block with respect to laterality ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the present study was undertaken mainly to investigate whether chemohormonal therapy with estramustine phosphate plus luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) agonist has a more beneficial effect than the hormonal therapy with flutamide plus lhrh agonist for newly diagnosed patients with metastatic prostate cancer .", "a total of @ patients with metastatic prostate cancer aged @-@ years ( median @ years ) were entered in the study and were randomized to the treatment of estramustine phosphate ( @ mg/day ) plus lhrh agonist ( estramustine group ) or flutamide ( @ mg/day ) plus lhrh agonist ( flutamide group ) with stratification for the degree of performance status , histological differentiation and bone metastasis .", "both of the treatment regimens were well tolerated with similar incidences of adverse drug reactions .", "the overall response rates ( complete response plus partial response ) at @ weeks after treatment in the estramustine and flutamide groups were @ and @ % , respectively .", "the median time to objective progression for the estramustine group ( @ months ) was longer than that of the flutamide group ( @ months ) .", "the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone were significantly lower in the estramustine group .", "chemohormonal therapy with estramustine phosphate plus lhrh agonist showed longer clinical progression-free survival than the hormonal therapy with flutamide plus lhrh agonist ( p = @ ) , although there was no significant difference in the overall survival .", "a larger-scaled trial with more statistical power is required to clarify that the former regimen is more beneficial than the latter for newly diagnosed patients with advanced prostate cancer ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "regulation of the fibrinolytic balance between plasminogen activators and inhibitors is modulated by the renin-angiotensin system .", "thus , alterations in the renin-angiotensin system by ace inhibitors probably result in modification of the fibrinolytic system .", "we examined the effect of a short-term treatment with the ace inhibitor enalapril in @ patients with severe coronary artery disease requiring coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) .", "patients received either @ mg/d enalapril or placebo for @ days .", "tissue-type plasminogen activator ( tpa ) , plasminogen activator inhibitor-@ ( pai-@ ) , plasmin-a@-antiplasmin-complex ( pap ) and d-dimers were measured initially and after treatment .", "in the enalapril group pai-@ levels were significantly reduced after treatment ( @ + / - @ u/ml vs. @ + / - @ u/l ; p < @ ) .", "in the placebo group pap levels were significantly higher ( p < @ ) after treatment compared to initial values .", "no differences could be detected between the study groups with regard to tpa and d-dimers .", "although pai-@ activity levels are reduced after short-term treatment with ace inhibitors in patients with stable angina pectoris while tpa antigen is unaffected , treatment with ace inhibitors does not lead to a marked change in plasmin activation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "circulation of cancer cells in the blood is a mandatory step for metastasis , but circulating tumor cells ( ctc ) have a low metastatic efficiency in preclinical animal models .", "in this prospective study , we reported the clinical outcome of nonmetastatic breast cancer patients according to ctc detection .", "in @ nonmetastatic patients diagnosed with large operable or locally advanced breast cancer , we prospectively detected ctc using the cellsearch system before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a phase ii trial ( remagus@ ) .", "at baseline , @ % of patients were ctc positive , but only @ % had > @ ctc/@ @ ml of blood .", "after a median follow-up of @ months , ctc detection before chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for both distant metastasis-free survival [ dmfs ; p = @ , relative risk ( rr ) = @ , @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @-@ ] and overall survival ( os ; p = @ , rr = @ , @ % ci @-@ ) .", "ctc detection after chemotherapy was of less significance ( p = @ and @ , respectively ) .", "moreover , ctc detection showed interesting characteristics as an individual predictive test for metastatic relapses ( sensibility @ % , specificity @ % , and global accuracy @ % ) .", "detection of > or = @ ctc/@ @ ml before neoadjuvant chemotherapy can accurately predict os .", "our findings may change the clinical management of nonmetastatic breast cancer and indicate that the metastatic efficiency of ctc could be higher than previously reported ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the efficacy of treatment in hemianopic patients to restore missing vision is controversial .", "so far , successful techniques require laborious stimulus presentation or restrict improvements to selected visual field areas .", "due to the large number of brain-damaged patients suffering from visual field defects , there is a need for an efficient automated treatment of the total visual field .", "a customized treatment was developed for the reaction perimeter , permitting a time-saving adaptive-stimulus presentation under conditions of maximum attention .", "twenty hemianopic patients , without visual neglect , were treated twice weekly for an average of @ months starting @ months after the insult .", "each treatment session averaged @ min in duration .", "in @ out of @ patients a significant and stable increase of the visual field size ( average @ degrees + / - @ ) was observed as well as improvement of the detection rate in the defective visual field ( average @ % + / - @ ) .", "a two-factor cluster analysis demonstrated that binocular treatment was in general more effective in augmenting the visual detection rate than monocular .", "four out of five patients with a visual field increase larger than @ degrees suffered from hemorrhage , whereas all seven patients with an increase of @ degrees or less suffered from infarction .", "most patients reported that visual field restoration correlated with improvement of visual-related activities of daily living .", "rehabilitation treatment with the lubeck reaction perimeter is a new and efficient method to restore part of the visual field in hemianopia .", "since successful transfer of treatment effects to the occluded eye is achieved under monocular treatment conditions , it is hypothesized that the damaged visual cortex itself is the structure in which recovery takes place ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the objective of this study was to evaluate short-term efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder who were manifesting behaviors such as tantrums , aggression , self-injurious behavior , or a combination of these .", "this @-week , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled , parallel-group study was conducted of children and adolescents ( aged @-@ years ) with autistic disorder .", "patients were randomly assigned ( @:@ ) to flexibly dosed aripiprazole ( target dosage : @ , @ , or @ mg/day ) or placebo .", "efficacy outcome measures included the aberrant behavior checklist irritability subscale and the clinical global impression-improvement score ( cgi-i ) .", "safety and tolerability were also assessed .", "ninety-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo ( n = @ ) or aripiprazole ( n = @ ) .", "mean improvement in aberrant behavior checklist irritability subscale score was significantly greater with aripiprazole than with placebo from week @ through week @ .", "aripiprazole demonstrated significantly greater global improvements than placebo , as assessed by the mean cgi-i score from week @ through week @ ; however , clinically significant residual symptoms may still persist for some patients .", "discontinuation rates as a result of adverse events ( aes ) were @ % for aripiprazole and @ % for placebo .", "extrapyramidal symptom-related ae rates were @ % for aripiprazole and @ % for placebo .", "no serious aes were reported .", "mean weight gain was @ kg on aripiprazole and @ kg on placebo at week @ .", "aripiprazole was efficacious in children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder and was generally safe and well tolerated ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "to compare the oral malodor protection efficacy of a @ % stannous fluoride dentifrice versus a negative control ( @ % sodium fluoride ) using a sulfide monitor ( halimeter ) as the measurement .", "a secondary objective was to assess the effects of tongue brushing .", "this was a four-treatment , five-period , examiner-blinded , crossover , randomized study .", "healthy subjects who met the entrance criteria were enrolled into the study .", "a @-day acclimation period , in which subjects brushed twice daily in their customary manner with a standard sodium fluoride dentifrice , occurred prior to baseline .", "after baseline halimeter measurements , subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatments ( snf@ dentifrice groups , with or without tongue brushing ; negative control dentifrice groups , with or without tongue brushing ) based on baseline halimeter scores , age , and gender .", "test products were used three times a day .", "breath measurements were taken @ hours after baseline ( after three product uses ) .", "subjects then brushed again with the product treatment .", "final breath measurements were taken @ hours later , @ hours after baseline .", "a @-day washout separated each treatment period .", "@ subjects were enrolled and completed the study .", "the adjusted mean volatile sulfur compound ( vsc ) levels were significantly lower in the snf@ groups than the naf groups , at both @ ( p < @ ) and @ ( p < @ ) hours post baseline time points .", "tongue brushing did not provide additional statistically significant breath benefits when compared to toothbrushing alone .", "both dentifrices were well tolerated ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "interpersonal psychotherapy ( ipt ) seems to be as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) in the treatment of major depression .", "because the onset of panic attacks is often related to increased interpersonal life stress , ipt has the potential to also treat panic disorder .", "to date , a preliminary open trial yielded promising results but there have been no randomized controlled trials directly comparing cbt and ipt for panic disorder .", "this study aimed to directly compare the effects of cbt versus ipt for the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia .", "ninety-one adult patients with a primary diagnosis of dsm-iii or dsm-iv panic disorder with agoraphobia were randomized .", "primary outcomes were panic attack frequency and an idiosyncratic behavioral test .", "secondary outcomes were panic and agoraphobia severity , panic-related cognitions , interpersonal functioning and general psychopathology .", "measures were taken at @ , @ and @ months ( baseline , end of treatment and follow-up ) .", "intention-to-treat ( itt ) analyses on the primary outcomes indicated superior effects for cbt in treating panic disorder with agoraphobia .", "per-protocol analyses emphasized the differences between treatments and yielded larger effect sizes .", "reductions in the secondary outcomes were equal for both treatments , except for agoraphobic complaints and behavior and the credibility ratings of negative interpretations of bodily sensations , all of which decreased more in cbt .", "cbt is the preferred treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia compared to ipt .", "mechanisms of change should be investigated further , along with long-term outcomes ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine if circadian timed ( ct ) chemotherapy results in improved response , progression-free survival ( pfs ) , overall survival ( os ) , and lower toxicity , when compared with standard timed ( st ) chemotherapy .", "eligibility criteria were stage iii , iv , or recurrent endometrial cancer with poor potential for cure by radiation therapy or surgery ; measurable disease ; and no prior chemotherapy .", "therapy was randomized to schedules of st doxorubicin @ mg/m@ plus cisplatin @ mg/m@ , or ct doxorubicin @ mg/m@ at @:@ am plus cisplatin @ mg/m@ at @:@ pm .", "cycles were repeated every @ weeks to a maximum of eight cycles .", "the st arm included @ patients , and the ct arm included @ patients .", "the objective response rate ( complete responses plus partial responses ) was @ % in the st group compared with @ % in the ct group ( p = @ , one tail ) .", "median pfs and os were @ and @ months , respectively , in the st group ; and @ and @ months , respectively , in the ct group ( pfs : p = @ ; os : p = @ , one tail ) .", "median total doses were @ mg/m@ doxorubicin and @ mg/m@ cisplatin in the st group , versus @ mg/m@ doxorubicin and @ mg/m@ cisplatin in the ct group .", "grade @ or @ leukopenia occurred in @ % of patients in the st arm and in @ % of patients in the ct arm .", "there were eight treatment-related deaths .", "in this trial , no significant benefit in terms of response rate , pfs or os , or toxicity profile was observed with ct doxorubicin plus cisplatin in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a variety of techniques are employed for planing and scaling of the superficial root surfaces , of which hand and ultrasonic instrumentations have been preferentially used in routine periodontics clinics .", "this study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonic scalers and hand curettes in facilitating fibroblast attachment to the scaled root surfaces .", "sixteen patients with periodontally involved teeth and nine subjects without periodontal diseases ( control subjects ) were selected .", "two single-rooted teeth were extracted from each subject .", "mesial and distal surfaces of teeth were selected in treated and untreated groups , respectively .", "the mesial surface of each tooth was randomly chosen to be treated either by hand curettes or ultrasonic instrumentation .", "the degree of cell attachment on the root surfaces of treated and untreated groups from control subjects and patients was then determined by the use of a gingival fibroblast line established and employed at early passages .", "the attachment and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts on the root surfaces were evaluated using neutral red assay and scanning electron microscopy ( sem ) .", "fibroblast survival and proliferation on the surfaces of untreated periodontally involved roots were found to be significantly lower compared with control untreated surfaces ( p < @ ) or treated surfaces from patients ( p < @ ) .", "no significant difference , however , was observed between root surfaces treated either by hand curettes or ultrasonic scalers .", "these results indicate the beneficial effectiveness of both techniques in root treatment and planing ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of trendelenburg position , infusion of @ % hydroxyetyl starch solution or lactated ringer 's solution on changes in cardiac output ( co ) after spinal anesthesia in patients older than @ yr .", "seventy patients scheduled for lower extremity orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were allocated randomly to one of the three treatment groups .", "in the trendelenburg group , the patients were placed in the trendelenburg position immediately after the spinal block for @ min .", "in the hydroxyethyl starch group and the lactated ringer 's group , the patients received an infusion of @ ml of @ % hydroxyethyl starch solution or @ ml of lactated ringer 's solution over @ min after the spinal block .", "co was measured continuously from @ min before until @ min after spinal anesthesia using the impedance cardiography method and arterial blood pressure with an automated device .", "p < @ was considered statistically significant .", "the differences among treatment groups in co were not statistically significant .", "differences in the co changes from baseline over time were significant .", "in the trendelenburg group , co did not change while the patient was in the trendelenburg position .", "in the hydroxyethyl starch group , co increased significantly after the block and remained significantly increased until the end of measurements .", "in the lactated ringer 's group , co increased significantly @ and @ min after the block but , after stopping the infusion , co started to decrease .", "our study demonstrated that a decrease in co after spinal anesthesia is prevented by placing the patient in the trendelenburg position , or infusion of either lactated ringer 's solution or @ % hydroxyetyl starch solution .", "although the effects of the infusion of the lactated ringer 's solution are transient , the effects of the infusion of @ % hydroxyethyl starch solution are extended beyond the time the infusion ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "hearing impairment is the most common body system disability in veterans .", "in @ , nearly @,@ veterans had a disability for hearing loss through the department of veterans affairs ( va ) .", "changes in eligibility for hearing aid services , along with the aging population , contributed to a greater than @ % increase in the number of hearing aids dispensed from @ to @ .", "in @ , the va committed to having no wait times for patient visits while providing quality clinically-appropriate care .", "one approach to achieving this goal is the use of group visits as an alternative to individual visits .", "we sought to determine : @ ) if group hearing aid fitting and follow-up visits were at least as effective as individual visits , and @ ) whether group visits lead to cost savings through the six month period after the hearing aid fitting .", "we describe the rationale , design , and characteristics of the baseline cohort of the first randomized clinical trial to study the impact of group versus individual hearing aid fitting and follow-up visits .", "participants were recruited from the va puget sound health care system audiology clinic .", "eligible patients had no previous hearing aid use and monaural or binaural air-conduction hearing aids were ordered at the evaluation visit .", "participants were randomized to receive the hearing aid fitting and the hearing aid follow-up in an individual or group visit .", "the primary outcomes were hearing-related function , measured with the first module of the effectiveness of aural rehabilitation ( inner ear ) , and hearing aid adherence .", "we tracked the total cost of planned and unplanned audiology visits over the @-month interval after the hearing aid fitting .", "a cohort of @ participants was randomized to receive group or individual hearing aid fitting and follow-up visits .", "baseline demographic and self-reported health status and hearing-related measures were evenly distributed across the treatment arms.outcomes after the @-month follow-up period are needed to determine if group visits were as least as good as those for individual visits and will be reported in subsequent publication .", "nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the methylxanthine derivative pentoxifylline ( ptx ) is one of those promising substances which are under current investigation to modify or limit inflammatory response .", "anti-aggregation activity has also been described that may contribute to the beneficial effects of this substance .", "long-term effects on platelet function have not been elucidated yet .", "prospective , randomized study .", "clinical investigation on a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital .", "@ trauma patients and @ patients suffering from sepsis secondary to major operations were consecutively studied .", "the patients prospectively received either @ mg/kg per h pentoxifylline continuously for @ days ( after a loading dose of @ mg ) ( trauma-ptx , n = @ ; sepsis-ptx , n = @ ) or saline solution as placebo ( trauma-control ; n = @ ; sepsis-control , n = @ ) .", "on the day of admission ( trauma patients ) or day of the diagnosis of sepsis and at @:@ p.m. during the next @ days , platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate ( adp @ mumol/l ) , collagen ( @ microliters/ml ) , and epinephrine ( @ mumol/l ) was determined by a turbidimetric method from arterial blood samples .", "standard coagulation screen was also monitored .", "in untreated trauma and sepsis patients , maximum platelet aggregation induced by all three agonists decreased during the first few days after inclusion in the study [ trauma : adp - @ + / - @ rel % ( % change from baseline ) ; sepsis : adp -@ + / - @ rel % ] .", "in due course , maximum platelet aggregation recovered , reaching the baseline value or even exceeding it ( trauma patients ) .", "in the ptx-treated patients , platelet aggregation was significantly less impaired ( sepsis group : adp -@ + / - @ rel % ) or even increased beyond baseline values in the first few days of the study ( trauma group : adp @ + / - @ rel % ) .", "fibrinogen plasma levels were lower in the non-treated control groups ( p < @ ) than in the ptx groups .", "continuous infusion of ptx for @ days did not impair platelet function in critically ill patients .", "in both trauma and sepsis patients , the usual deterioration in platelet function was even attenuated , which may be due to the effects of ptx on cytokine release ( e.g. , reduction in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-@ ) , improvement in microcirculation , or additional fibrinolytic effects ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the `` triarchic body-pathway relaxation technique '' ( tbrt ) is a form of ancient chinese mindfulness-based meditation professed to give rise to positive emotions and a specific state of consciousness in which deep relaxation and internalized attention coexist .", "the purpose of this study was to examine the eeg pattern generated during the practice of this mindfulness exercise , and compare it to music listening which has been shown to induce positive emotions .", "nineteen college students ( aged @-@ years ) participated in the study .", "each participant listened to both the tbrt and music audiotapes while eeg was recorded .", "the order of presentation was counterbalanced to avoid order effect .", "two eeg indicators were used : ( @ ) alpha asymmetry index , an indicator for left-sided anterior activation , as measure of positive emotions , and ( @ ) frontal midline theta activity , as a measure for internalized attention .", "increased left-sided activation , a pattern associated with positive emotions , was found during both tbrt exercise and music conditions .", "however , only tbrt exercise was shown to exhibit greater frontal midline theta power , a pattern associated with internalized attention .", "these results provided evidence to support that the tbrt gives rise to positive emotional experience , accompanied by focused internalized attention ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "low high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) cholesterol and particle concentration are risk factors for coronary heart disease in women .", "tibolone lowers hdl cholesterol and hdl particle concentration , an effect that could be reversed by the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor - agonist fenofibrate .", "to assess the effects of fenofibrate on plasma hdl particles in postmenopausal women taking tibolone therapy .", "randomized crossover study conducted in a women 's health clinic .", "fourteen postmenopausal women taking tibolone @ mg daily for menopausal symptoms were randomized to either fenofibrate @ mg daily or no treatment for @ weeks , followed by a @-week wash-out for fenofibrate and then crossed over to alternate therapy for another @ weeks .", "the main outcome measure was changes in plasma hdl cholesterol concentration , apoa-i and apoa-ii , lpa-i and lpa-i-a-ii .", "after @ weeks of fenofibrate therapy , there was no change in hdl cholesterol , @ @ v @ @ mmol/l ( p = @ ) or apoa-i , @ @ v @ @ g/l ( p = @ ) .", "lpa-i fell significantly @ @ v @ @ ( p = @ ) but there was a rise in apoa-ii , @ @ v @ @ g/l ( p = @ ) .", "there was a significant fall in total cholesterol , triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apob .", "in women taking tibolone , fenofibrate increases plasma apoa-ii concentration and effects a redistribution of hdl subfractions but does not correct tibolone-induced changes in hdl cholesterol or hdl particle concentration .", "the mechanism and significance of this require further investigation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the impact of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on sepsis-induced multiple organ failure severity is controversial .", "we sought to assess the effect of early application of hemofiltration on the degree of organ dysfunction and plasma cytokine levels in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock .", "prospective , randomized , open , multicenter study setting , @ french intensive care units .", "a total of @ patients were enrolled within @ hours of development of the first organ failure related to a new septic insult .", "patients were randomized to group @ ( hf ) , who received hemofiltration ( @ ml/kg/hr ) for a @-hour period , or group @ ( c ) who were managed conventionally .", "the primary end point was the number , severity , and duration of organ failures during @ days , as evaluated by the sepsis-related organ failure assessment score , on an intention-to-treat analysis .", "strict guidelines were provided to perform continuous hemofiltration under the same conditions and bearing the same objectives in all centers .", "because of inclusion stagnation , the trial was discontinued after an interim analysis by which time @ patients had been randomized .", "the number and severity of organ failures were significantly higher in the hf group ( p < @ ) .", "no modifications in plasma cytokine levels could be detected .", "these data suggest that early application of standard continuous venovenous hemofiltration is deleterious in severe sepsis and septic shock .", "this study does not rule out an effect of high-volume hemofiltration ( > @ ml/kg/hr ) on the course of sepsis ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "as most genital chlamydia trachomatis infections are asymptomatic , many patients do not seek health care for testing .", "infections remain undiagnosed and untreated .", "we studied whether screening with information and home sampling resulted in more young people getting tested , diagnosed and treated for chlamydia in the three months following the intervention compared to the current strategy of testing in the health care system .", "we conducted a population based randomized controlled trial among all persons aged @-@ years in one norwegian county ( @ @ persons ) .", "@ @ persons ( intervention ) received an invitation by mail with chlamydia information and a mail-back urine sampling kit .", "@ @ persons received no intervention and continued with usual care ( control ) .", "all samples from both groups were analysed in the same laboratory .", "information on treatment was obtained from the norwegian prescription database ( norpd ) .", "we estimated risk ratios and risk differences of being tested , diagnosed and treated in the intervention group compared to the control group .", "in the intervention group @ % got tested and in the control group @ % , risk ratio @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) .", "the intervention led to @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) times as many individuals being diagnosed and @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) times as many individuals receiving treatment for chlamydia compared to no intervention in the three months following the intervention .", "in norway , systematic screening with information and home sampling results in more young people being tested , diagnosed and treated for chlamydia in the three months following the intervention than the current strategy of testing in the health care system .", "however , the study has not established that the intervention will reduce the chlamydia prevalence or the risk of complications from chlamydia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin mouthwash as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic gingivitis and to compare curcumin to chlorhexidine in terms of its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties .", "thirty patients aged @-@ years with generalised chronic gingivitis were included in the study .", "they were randomly divided into @ groups of @ each .", "in group @ , patients underwent scaling and root planing followed by chlorhexidine mouthwash ( srp/chx gr-@ ) ; in group @ , patients underwent scaling and root planing followed by curcumin mouthwash ( srp/cur gr-@ ) ; in group @ , patients underwent only scaling and root planing ( srp gr-@ ) .", "gingival and plaque indices were recorded at baseline ( day @ ) and @ , @ and @ days .", "differences between the groups were statistically analysed .", "the clinical parameters showed improvement in all the three groups compared to baseline .", "when compared to the scaling and root planing group ( gr-@ ) , both curcumin and chlorhexidine groups were found to have statistically significantly better results ( p < @ ) .", "however , when curcumin and chlorhexidine groups were compared , the gingival ( le and silness ) and plaque index ( silness and le ) scores were not found to be statistically significant ( p > @ ) .", "curcumin is comparable to chlorhexidine as an anti-inflammatory mouthwash .", "thus , it can be considered as an effective adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "treatment with androgen deprivation therapy ( adt ) for prostate cancer is associated with changes in body composition including increased fat and decreased lean mass ; increased fatigue , and a reduction in quality of life .", "no study to date has evaluated the effect of dietary and physical activity modification on the side-effects related to adt .", "the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a @-month dietary and physical activity intervention for prostate cancer survivors receiving adt to minimise the changes in body composition , fatigue and quality of life , typically associated with adt .", "men are recruited to this study if their treatment plan is to receive adt for at least @ months .", "men who are randomised to the intervention arm receive a home-based tailored intervention to meet the following guidelines a ) > or = @ servings vegetables and fruits/day ; b ) @ % -@ % of total energy from fat , and < @ % energy from saturated fat/day ; c ) @ % of energy from polyunsaturated fat/day ; d ) limited consumption of processed meats ; e ) @-@ gm of fibre/day ; f ) alcoholic drinks < or = @ units/week ; g ) limited intake of foods high in salt and/or sugar .", "they are also encouraged to include at least @ minutes of brisk walking , @ or more days per week .", "the primary outcomes are change in body composition , fatigue and quality of life scores .", "secondary outcomes include dietary intake , physical activity and perceived stress .", "baseline information collected includes : socio-economic status , treatment duration , perceived social support and health status , family history of cancer , co-morbidities , medication and supplement use , barriers to change , and readiness to change their health behaviour .", "data for the primary and secondary outcomes will be collected at baseline , @ and @ months from @ intervention and @ control patients .", "the results of this study will provide detailed information on diet and physical activity levels in prostate cancer patients treated with adt and will test the feasibility and efficacy of a diet and physical activity intervention which could provide essential information to develop guidelines for prostate cancer patients to minimise the side effects related to adt .", "isrctn trial number iscrtn@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effectiveness of various ventilation modes during suspension laryngoscopy and to investigate risk factors associated with co ( @ ) retention in high-frequency jet ventilation ( hfjv ) .", "part i : randomized controlled study ; part ii : outcomes research .", "in part i , saturation of peripheral oxygen , partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( paco ( @ ) ) ( , ) and ph were recorded in different ventilation modes in @ patients .", "all subjects were randomly divided into four groups .", "three groups received different jet ventilations through a catheter inserted transnasally , and one group had tracheal intubation and received intermittent positive pressure ventilation .", "in part ii , @ patients received jet ventilation with a fixed rate ; co ( @ ) retention and its potential risk factors were analyzed .", "data were collected at the following time points : preinduction ( t ( @ ) ) , anesthesia induction ( t ( @ ) ) , laryngoscopic operation ( t ( @ ) ) , @ minutes after the initiation of ventilation ( t ( @ ) ) , extubation ( t ( @ ) ) , and @ minutes after extubation ( t ( @ ) ) .", "in part i , mean arterial pressure ( map ) increased and heart rate decreased significantly during t ( @ ) ( p < @ ) , map and heart rate increased significantly during t ( @ ) ( p < @ ) , and paco ( @ ) increased and ph decreased significantly in t ( @ ) and t ( @ ) ( p < @ ) in all four groups .", "using logistic regression analysis of results from part ii , it was determined that in males , the combination of higher weight , lower height , and body mass index values greater than @ was closely associated with co ( @ ) retention .", "during suspension laryngoscopy surgery , hfjv at @ beats per minute through a thin transnasal catheter provides adequate ventilation as well as an excellent surgical view .", "a body mass index of more than @ is the main risk factor for co ( @ ) retention ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether in the previous national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project ( nsabp ) studies of node-negative breast cancer there were either cohorts of patients with a prognosis favorable enough to preclude using systemic therapy or subsets of patients who failed to benefit from the treatments .", "randomized clinical trials with stratification after surgery .", "nsabp trials at institutions in the united states and canada .", "data were collected on @ eligible patients ( protocol b-@ ) with estrogen-receptor-negative tumors who randomly received either no therapy after surgery or sequential methotrexate and fluorouracil ( m -- f ) followed by leucovorin .", "data were also collected on @ patients ( protocol b-@ ) with estrogen-receptor-positive tumors who randomly received either placebo or tamoxifen treatment .", "the percentage of patients surviving disease-free was determined through @ years of follow-up using life-table estimates .", "protocol b-@ patients received @ courses of m -- f given intravenously on days @ and @ every @ weeks .", "leucovorin therapy was begun @ hours after m -- f administration .", "protocol b-@ patients received @-year treatment with either tamoxifen ( @ mg twice daily by mouth ) or placebo .", "when the outcome of untreated patients in either trial was related to the stratification variables , women were found to have a disease-free survival of less than @ % through @ years of follow-up .", "this percentage is apt to decrease because the probability of treatment failure increases with time .", "in both trials , all subsets of women benefited from m -- f or tamoxifen therapy .", "the disease-free survival of all cohorts of node-negative patients with estrogen-receptor-negative or estrogen-receptor-positive tumors was poor enough to justify systemic treatment .", "the benefits of the therapies used are insufficient to eliminate the need for assessing putatively better regimens ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "considerable public health efforts are ongoing canada-wide to reduce the prevalence of smoking in the general population .", "from @ to @ , smoking rates among adults decreased from @ % to @ % , however , since that time , the prevalence has plateaued at around @-@ % .", "to continue to reduce the number of smokers at the population level , one option has been to translate interventions that have demonstrated clinical efficacy into population level initiatives .", "nicotine replacement therapy ( nrt ) has a considerable clinical research base demonstrating its efficacy and safety and thus public health initiatives in canada and other countries are distributing nrt widely through the mail .", "however , one important question remains unanswered -- do smoking cessation programs that involve mailed distribution of free nrt work ?", "to answer this question , a randomized controlled trial is required .", "a single blinded , panel survey design with random assignment to an experimental and a control condition will be used in this study .", "a two-stage recruitment process will be employed , in the context of a general population survey with two follow-ups ( @ weeks and @ months ) .", "random digit dialing of canadian home telephone numbers will identify households with adult smokers ( aged @ + years ) who are willing to take part in a smoking study that involves three interviews , with saliva collection for @-hc/cotinine ratio measurement at baseline and saliva cotinine verification at @-week and @-month follow-ups ( n = @,@ ) .", "eligible subjects interested in free nrt will be determined at baseline ( n = @,@ ) and subsequently randomized into experimental and control conditions to receive versus not receive nicotine patches .", "the primary hypothesis is that subjects who receive nicotine patches will display significantly higher quit rates ( as assessed by @ day point prevalence of abstinence from tobacco ) at @-month follow-up as compared to subjects who do not receive nicotine patches at baseline .", "the findings from the proposed trial are timely and highly relevant as mailed distribution of nrt require considerable resources and there are limited public health dollars available to combat this substantial health concern .", "in addition , findings from this randomized controlled trial will inform the development of models to engage smokers to quit , incorporating proactive recruitment and the offer of evidence based treatment .", "clinicaltrials.gov : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "physical properties of filters for continous renal replacement therapy have a great impact on biocompatibility .", "according to poiseuille 's law , a filter with more and shorter hollow fibers should offer a decreased pressure drop and , therefore , lower transmembrane pressure ( tmp ) .", "the aim of this study was to study the effect of a new filter configuration in terms of tmp and clotting compared with the standard configuration .", "in a prospective randomized cross-over study @ polysulphone hollow fiber hemofilters , one handmade , which differed only in length and number of hollow fibers were compared .", "in each group @ filters were investigated during continous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with acute renal failure due to septic shock .", "pressures were measured every @ hours and running time until filter clotting was documented .", "mediators before and after the filter , at the end of treatment and in filtrate were assessed .", "the standard filter with longer hollow fibers had significantly lower tmps ( @ vs. @ mmhg , p = @ ) and longer running times ( @ vs. @ min , p = @ ) .", "there were no differences in hematocrit , total protein , cellular and plasmatic coagulation or blood temperature .", "no significant elimination of mediators was shown .", "in contrast to our expectations , the filter with the longer hollow fibers had a better performance , as it ran longer and had lower tmp this may be due to slower blood flow leading to an increase in blood viscosity in a filter with a larger cross section ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to observe the therapeutic efficacy of chinese medical syndrome typing and treatment combined cold needle puncture drainage operation or unipolar electrocoagulation drilling technique under laparoscope for treating clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome ( pcos ) .", "forty infertility patients with clomiphene-resistant pcos were assigned to two groups using stratified random sampling method according to age , infertility time , and body mass index , @ in each group .", "patients in group a were treated with chinese medical syndrome typing and treatment combined cold needle puncture drainage operation , while those in group b were treated with chinese medical syndrome typing and treatment combined unipolar electrocoagulation drilling technique .", "after operation chinese herbal treatment was administered to all patients according to syndrome typing .", "the serum levels of luteinizing hormone ( lh ) , follicle stimulating hormone ( fsh ) , androgen ( t ) , estradiol ( e@ ) , and prolactin ( prl ) were determined before and after operation .", "the ovulation was monitored .", "the pregnancy rate and the pregnancy outcomes were recorded after operation .", "there was no statistical difference in the @-month spontaneous ovulation rate or the @-year pregnancy rate ( p > @ ) .", "the levels of lh , t , and prl were significantly lower after operation than before operation in the two groups ( p < @ ) .", "the menstruation and ovulation were obviously improved after operation .", "the total ovulation rate was @ % ( @/@ ) in group a. successful pregnancy occurred in @ cases of group a. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( ohss ) occurred in @ case of group a.", "the total ovulation rate was @ % ( @/@ ) in group b. successful pregnancy occurred in @ cases of group b. hypovaria occurred in @ case of group b. luteinized unruptured follicle ( lufs ) occurred in @ cases of group a and @ case of group b.", "chinese medical syndrome typing and treatment combined cold needle puncture drainage operation or unipolar electrocoagulation drilling technique could effectively promote the ovulation .", "the two methods showed similar therapeutic effects ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine amitriptyline 's ( ami ) efficacy in the acute treatment of adolescent major depressive disorder ( mdd ) .", "subjects aged @ through @ years meeting research diagnostic criteria for mdd , diagnosed with the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children ( k-sads ) , participated in a @-week placebo-washout followed by an @-week , randomized , double-blind , parallel-design , placebo-controlled trial of ami , @ mg/kg per day .", "the k-sads nine-item scale , the hamilton depression rating scale , and the clinical global impressions rating scale were used as outcome measures .", "thirty-one subjects were randomized ( @ ami , @ placebo ) .", "twenty-two subjects were study completers ( @ ami , @ placebo ) .", "ami 's efficacy was suggested by the clinical global impressions but not the k-sads-derived data .", "perhaps the primary limitation of the current study is its small sample size .", "no definitive recommendation can be made regarding the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of adolescent mdd ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the safety and efficacy of quetiapine versus clozapine for the treatment of psychosis in patients with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) .", "twenty-seven patients with pd and recent-onset psychosis were randomly allocated to @ arms of @ weeks ' treatment with quetiapine or clozapine after @ weeks of adjustment of antiparkinsonian medications .", "assessment was done by a blinded neuropsychologist using the clinical global impression of change ( cgic ) questionnaire and the neuropsychiatric inventory ( npi ) .", "mixed-effect models were used to compare cgic and neuropsychological inventory scores over time between the @ groups .", "both drugs were equally effective based on the cgic .", "clozapine had a trend over quetiapine in controlling the frequency of hallucinations ( p = @ ) and a significant advantage in reducing delusions ( p = @ ) .", "however , one patient in the clozapine arm developed leukopenia .", "none of the drugs worsened parkinsonism .", "clozapine and quetiapine are effective atypical neuroleptics for the treatment of psychotic symptoms in pd .", "clozapine had greater efficacy in reducing hallucinations and delusions frequency , but its use is associated with an increased risk of leukopenia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine the effects of nicotine on responses from the human retina measured electrophysiologically .", "electroretinogram ( erg ) responses were obtained from ten healthy , visually normal adults who were nonsmokers .", "nicotine ( @ and @ mg ) and a placebo were administered in the form of gum @ minutes before testing in two separate experiments .", "erg responses were collected and analyzed using a full-field erg system .", "responses were recorded from one eye of each subject using a bipolar contact-lens electrode .", "intensity-response curves were obtained under both dark - and light-adapted conditions .", "in experiment @ , both dark - and light-adapted tests were completed sequentially .", "in experiment @ , only light-adapted testing was performed .", "intensity-response functions were analyzed using the naka-rushton equation .", "in experiment @ , compared with placebo , dark-adapted b-wave amplitude responses decreased significantly after chewing gum containing both @ and @ mg of nicotine .", "under light-adapted conditions , the peak b-wave amplitude was significantly decreased after chewing gum containing @ mg of nicotine .", "in experiment @ , light-adapted b-wave amplitudes were increased after @ mg nicotine .", "oscillatory potentials were measured but no significant effects under nicotine were observed .", "to the knowledge of the authors , this is the first demonstration that nicotine by itself affects responses in the human retina .", "these data support reports of the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rabbit and nonhuman primate retina ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to report the impact of posture-related ocular cyclotorsion on one surgeon 's surgically induced astigmatism ( sia ) results and the variance in sia .", "institute of eye surgery , whitfield clinic , waterford , ireland .", "this prospective randomized controlled study included eyes that had phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation .", "eyes were randomly assigned to have ( intervention group ) or not have ( control group ) correction for posture-related ocular cyclotorsion .", "in the intervention group , the clear corneal incision was placed precisely at the @-degree meridian with instruments designed to correct posture-related ocular cyclotorsion .", "in the control group , the surgeon endeavored to place the incision at the @-degree meridian , but without markings .", "the intervention group comprised @ eyes and the control group , @ eyes .", "the mean absolute sia was @ diopters ( d ) in the intervention group and @ d in the control group ; the difference between groups was not statistically significant ( p > @ , unpaired @-tailed student t test ) .", "the variance in sia was @ d ( @ ) and @ d ( @ ) , respectively ; the difference between groups was not statistically significant ( p > @ , unpaired f test ) .", "attempts to correct for posture-related ocular cyclotorsion did not influence sia or its variance in a single-surgeon series .", "these results should be interpreted with full appreciation of the limitations of currently available techniques to correct for posture-related ocular cyclotorsion in the clinical setting ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections is rising at an alarming pace .", "effective treatment has historically involved early dbridement and antibiotic administration .", "this study was designed to prospectively determine the effectiveness of empiric therapy in treating hand infections .", "a prospective randomized trial was conducted at a level i county hospital .", "patients with a hand infection received either empiric intravenous vancomycin at admission or intravenous cefazolin .", "outcomes were tracked using severity of infection , appropriate clinical response , and length of stay .", "cost-effectiveness was calculated using total cost for each patient in both groups .", "statistical analyses were performed .", "forty-six patients were enrolled in the study .", "twenty-four were randomized to cefazolin ( @ percent ) and @ ( @ percent ) to vancomycin .", "there was no statistical difference between cost of treatment ( p < @ ) or mean length of stay ( p < @ ) between the groups .", "patients randomized to cefazolin had higher mean costs of treatment compared with patients who were randomized to vancomycin ( p < @ ) .", "patients with more severe infections had more expensive mean costs of treatment ( p < @ ) and longer mean length of stay ( p = @ ) .", "near the end of the study , the incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant s. aureus at the authors ' county hospital was discovered to be @ percent , which caused the study to be terminated prematurely by the institutional review board because of the high incidence precluding further randomization .", "appropriate early treatment for methicillin-resistant s. aureus has not been definitively established .", "no difference in outcome using cefazolin versus vancomycin as a first-line agent was identified ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "pregnancy is a recognised high risk period for excessive weight gain , contributing to postpartum weight retention and obesity development long-term .", "we aimed to reduce postpartum weight retention following a low-intensity , self-management intervention integrated with routine antenatal care during pregnancy .", "@ women at increased risk of gestational diabetes , < @ weeks gestation were randomised to intervention ( @ self-management sessions ) or control ( generic health information ) .", "outcomes , collected at baseline and @ weeks postpartum , included anthropometrics ( weight and height ) , physical activity ( pedometer ) and questionnaires ( health behaviours ) .", "mean age ( @ and @ years ) and body mass index ( @ and @ kg/m@ ) were similar between intervention and control groups , respectively at baseline .", "by @ weeks postpartum , weight change in the control group was significantly higher than the intervention group with a between group difference of @ kg ( @ % ci : -@ , -@ ; p < @ ) overall , with a greater difference in weight found in overweight , but not obese women .", "intervention group allocation , higher baseline bmi , gdm diagnosis , country of birth and higher age were all independent predictors of lower weight retention at @ weeks postpartum on multivariable linear regression .", "other factors related to weight including physical activity , did not differ between groups .", "a low intensity intervention , integrated with standard antenatal care is effective in limiting postpartum weight retention .", "implementation research is now required for scale-up to optimise antenatal health care .", "australian new zealand clinical trial registry number : actrn@ .", "registered @/@/@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study effects of monotherapy with melatonin and combination melatonin + aceten on circadian pattern of hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension stage ii .", "@ eh patients were randomized into @ groups , @ patients each .", "group @ patients were given melatonin alone ( @ mg at @ ) .", "group @ received aceten ( @ mg at @ ) and melatonin ( @ mg at @ ) .", "before treatment and after @ days of it , hemodynamic parameters were measured each @ hours for @ hours .", "arterial pressure was measured by korotkov method , heart rate -- by ecg r-r interval , stroke volume -- by tetrapolar chest rheography according to kubichek .", "cardiac index , total and specific peripheral resistance , double product were estimated routinely .", "internal and external dyssynchronism was registered in hemodynamic parameters of eh patients .", "melatonin normalized circadian hemodynamic rhythms .", "it produced a hypotensive effect , reduced energy requirements of the myocardium .", "combination of melatonin with aceten had a hypotensive and vasodilating effects but failed to restore circadian hemodynamic rhythms .", "melatonin , epiphysial neurohormone , and its combination with aceten have hypotensive and vasodilating effects but melatonin monotherapy normalizes circadian hemodynamic rhythms while the combination was uneffective in this respect .", "this may be explained by interaction of melatonin and aceten actions ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "steroid hormonal contraceptives are highly effective and widely used .", "most studies have shown a negative effect of combined oral contraceptives ( cocs ) on the bone mineral density ( bmd ) of adolescents .", "the study was conducted to compare bmd among users of ethinylestradiol/desogestrel , users of ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonhormonal control subjects in women aged @-@ years .", "the study included @ women @-@ years of age .", "one hundred fifty women were using ethinylestradiol/desogestrel , @ women were using ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate , and @ women were using nonhormonal contraception as control subjects .", "bmd ofthe lumbar spine and femoral neck was obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry , and mean bmd changes in cocs users and nonusers were compared .", "at @ months of treatment , lumbar spine and femoral neck mean bmd values in women ( n = @ ) who used ethinylestradiol/desogestrel were slightly lower compared with baseline , but these effects did not reach statistical significance ( p = @ and p = @ , respectively ) .", "the mean lumbar spine and femoral neck bmd values in women ( n = @ ) who used ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate were slightly higher compared with baseline , but there was no statistical significance ( p = @ and p = @ , respectively ) .", "the increases in mean percent change in lumbar spine and femoral neck bmd in the ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate group were less than those in the control group ( @ % vs. @ % and @ % vs. @ % , respectively ) .", "there were no significant differences in mean bmd of the lumbar spine and femoral neck between the users of ethinylestradiol/desogestrel or ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate and nonusers ( p > @ ) .", "our study indicates that @ years of cocs therapy had no significant effect on bone density in adolescents , but it remains unknown whether therapy longer than @ years has a significant adverse effect on the attainment of peak bone mass ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "delayed graft function , which is reported in up to @ % of kidney-transplant recipients , is associated with increased costs and diminished long-term graft function .", "the effect that targeted mild hypothermia in organ donors before organ recovery has on the rate of delayed graft function is unclear .", "we enrolled organ donors ( after declaration of death according to neurologic criteria ) from two large donation service areas and randomly assigned them to one of two targeted temperature ranges : @ to @c ( hypothermia ) or @ to @ c ( normothermia ) .", "temperature protocols , which were initiated after authorization was obtained for the organ to be donated and for the donor 's participation in the study , ended when organ donors left the intensive care unit for organ recovery in the operating room .", "the primary outcome was delayed graft function in the kidney recipients , which was defined as the requirement for dialysis during the first week after transplantation .", "secondary outcomes were the rates of individual organs transplanted in each treatment group and the total number of organs transplanted from each donor .", "the study was terminated early , on the recommendation of an independent data and safety monitoring board , after the interim analysis showed efficacy of hypothermia .", "at trial termination , @ organ donors had been enrolled ( @ in the hypothermia group and @ in the normothermia group ) .", "a total of @ patients received a kidney transplant ( @ kidneys from donors in the hypothermia group and @ kidneys from donors in the normothermia group ) .", "delayed graft function developed in @ recipients of kidneys from donors in the hypothermia group ( @ % ) and in @ recipients of kidneys from donors in the normothermia group ( @ % ) ( odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "mild hypothermia , as compared with normothermia , in organ donors after declaration of death according to neurologic criteria significantly reduced the rate of delayed graft function among recipients .", "( funded by the health resources and services administration ; clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ . )" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the work setting provides an opportunity to introduce overweight ( i.e. , body mass index > or = @ kg/m@ ) adults to a weight management programme , but new approaches are needed in this setting .", "the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of lifestyle counselling by phone or e-mail on body weight , in an overweight working population .", "secondary purposes were to establish effects on waist circumference and lifestyle behaviours , and to assess which communication method is the most effective .", "a randomized controlled trial with three treatments : intervention materials with phone counselling ( phone group ) ; a web-based intervention with e-mail counselling ( internet group ) ; and usual care , i.e. lifestyle brochures ( control group ) .", "the interventions used lifestyle modification and lasted a maximum of six months .", "subjects were @ employees , recruited from seven companies ( @ % male ; mean age @ ( sd @ ) y ; mean bmi @ ( sd @ ) kg/m@ ) .", "body weight was measured by research personnel and by questionnaire .", "secondary outcomes fat , fruit and vegetable intake , physical activity and waist circumference were assessed by questionnaire .", "measurements were done at baseline and after six months .", "missing body weight was multiply imputed .", "body weight reduced @ kg ( @ % ci -@ ; -@ , p < @ ) in the phone group and @ kg ( @ % ci -@ ; -@ , p = @ ) in the internet group , compared with controls .", "in completers analyses , weight and waist circumference in the phone group were reduced with @ kg ( @ % ci -@ ; -@ , p < @ ) and @ cm ( @ % ci -@ ; -@ , p < @ ) respectively , fat intake decreased with @ fatpoint ( @ to @ grams ) / day ( @ % ci -@ ; -@ , p = @ ) and physical activity increased with @ metminutes/week ( @ % ci @ ; @ , p = @ ) , compared with controls .", "the internet intervention resulted in a weight loss of @ kg ( @ % ci -@ ; -@ , p < @ ) and a reduction in waist circumference of @ cm ( @ % ci -@ ; -@ , p = @ ) , in comparison with usual care .", "the phone group appeared to have more and larger changes than the internet group , but comparisons revealed no significant differences .", "lifestyle counselling by phone and e-mail is effective for weight management in overweight employees and shows potential for use in the work setting .", "iscrtn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although age-related declines in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ( dheas ) and testosterone are associated with cardiovascular risk , it remains to be determined whether replacement of these hormones improves cardiovascular risk factors .", "this study sought to determine the effect of long-term replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone ( dhea ) in elderly men and women and testosterone in elderly men on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and particle sizes .", "a @-yr randomized , placebo-controlled , double-blind study was conducted in @ elderly men with low levels of dheas and bioavailable testosterone and @ elderly women with low levels of dheas .", "among elderly men , @ received dhea ( @ mg/d ) , @ received testosterone ( @ mg/d ) , and @ received placebo .", "among the elderly women , @ received dhea ( @ mg/d ) , and @ received placebo .", "baseline lipoprotein profiles in the elderly were compared to healthy younger participants .", "low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) and high-density lipoprotein ( hdl ) particle sizes and concentrations were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy .", "the elderly had higher concentrations of total cholesterol , triglycerides , ldl cholesterol , total ldl particles , and small , dense ldl particles than the young .", "in men , neither dhea nor testosterone affected ldl or hdl particle concentrations .", "in women , dhea reduced hdl cholesterol [ median difference ( @ % confidence intervals ) , -@ ( -@ , -@ ) mg/dl ; p = @ ] and the number of large hdl particles [ -@ ( -@ , -@ ) micromol/liter ; p = @ ] .", "long-term dhea and testosterone had no significant effect on plasma lipoproteins in elderly men , but elderly women showed a lowering of the large hdl particles that may have potential adverse clinical implications ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess changes in satisfaction associated with a flexible approach to antenatal care schedules offered to women at low obstetric risk .", "randomised controlled trial .", "eleven primary care centres providing midwifery care in avon .", "six hundred and nine women at low risk of obstetric complications presenting for antenatal care .", "a standard antenatal care schedule ( ` traditional care ' ) was compared with a schedule based on a minimum number of visits and additional visits with timing agreed between women and midwives ( ` flexible care ' ) .", "women 's attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood using a subscale of the maternal adjustment and maternal attitudes scale , satisfaction with antenatal care , and perception of the speed of recognition of antenatal complications .", "there was no difference between the two groups in terms of attitudes to pregnancy and motherhood ( mean difference on maternal adjustment and maternal attitudes scale -@ , @ % ci -@ to @ , p = @ ) and no difference in the proportions of women reporting antenatal problems as soon as possible ( traditional group @ % , flexible group @ % , difference -@ % , @ % ci -@ to @ , p = @ ) .", "women receiving traditional care reported higher levels of satisfaction for the care provided by community midwives ( p < @ ) .", "women receiving flexible care were more likely to report having a choice over the number and timing of their antenatal visits ( p < @ ) , but were also more likely to report that they would like to have been seen more often ( p < @ ) .", "there was no difference between the groups in rates of obstetric complications .", "an imposed reduction in antenatal visits has been reported to increase dissatisfaction in other studies .", "in this study , encouraging women to adopt a flexible approach to antenatal care resulted in a similar finding .", "successful implementation of such approaches may depend on more careful selection of women who welcome such an approach , more encouragement to pregnant women to express their own needs and greater feelings of commitment on the part of the care providers ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the efficacy of h@-receptor antagonists in functional dyspepsia is equivocal and the therapeutic place of proton pump inhibitors in functional dyspepsia is unknown .", "to evaluate the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor therapy in functional dyspepsia .", "patients ( n = @ ) with a clinical diagnosis of functional dyspepsia ( persistent or recurrent epigastric pain or discomfort for at least @ month and a normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy ) were randomized to receive omeprazole @ mg , @ mg or identical placebo , for @ weeks .", "symptoms were assessed using validated measures .", "helicobacter pylori status was determined pre-entry by a @c-urea breath test .", "on an intention-to-treat analysis ( n = @ ) , complete symptom relief was observed in @ % on omeprazole @ mg , compared with @ % on omeprazole @ mg and @ % on placebo ( p = @ and @ , respectively ) .", "among those with ulcer-like and reflux-like dyspepsia , complete symptom relief was achieved in @ % and @ % on omeprazole @ mg , and @ % and @ % on omeprazole @ mg , respectively , compared with @ % and @ % on placebo ( all p < @ , except omeprazole @ mg in ulcer-like dyspepsia , p = @ ) .", "there was no significant benefit of omeprazole over placebo in dysmotility-like dyspepsia .", "symptom relief was similar in h. pylori-positive and negative cases .", "omeprazole is modestly superior to placebo in functional dyspepsia at standard ( @ mg ) and low doses ( @ mg ) but not in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the cardiovascular effects of @ months of treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril and with the diuretic combination amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide , and to study possible persistence of observed treatment effects after discontinuation of antihypertensive therapy .", "a placebo run-in period preceded a @-month active-treatment phase in @ patients with essential hypertension , according to a double-blind , randomized , parallel-group design .", "patients received either @ mg perindopril or @ / @ mg amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide once a day .", "patients were then studied for a @-month single-blind placebo run-out period .", "after @ months of treatment , systolic blood pressure was reduced significantly by perindopril ( supine by @ % , sitting by @ % ) and by amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide ( supine by @ % , sitting by @ % ) .", "diastolic blood pressure was also decreased significantly by perindopril ( supine by @ % , sitting by @ % ) and by amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide ( supine by @ % , sitting by @ % ) .", "mean arterial pressure decreased significantly during treatment with perindopril ( by @ % ) and with amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide ( by @ % ) .", "cardiac index increased with perindopril ( by @ % ) , because of an increased stroke index ( by @ % ) , but amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide did not change cardiac function .", "systemic vascular resistance index decreased significantly more with perindopril ( by @ % ) than with amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide ( by @ % ) .", "the distensibility of the common carotid artery was significantly enhanced by perindopril ( by @ % ) , but not changed by amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide ( @ % difference ) .", "the difference between perindopril and amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide for carotid distensibility was statistically significant .", "the compliance of the common carotid artery tended to be increased more by perindopril ( by @ % ) than by amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide , which induced a @ % decrease in carotid compliance .", "after withdrawal of therapy , for both drugs , all treatment-induced changes were reversed to pretreatment values within @ weeks .", "the distensibility of the elastic common carotid artery was increased by perindopril , but not by amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide .", "large-artery properties of the muscular arteries and systemic vascular resistance improved with both drugs , but in general the changes were more pronounced with perindopril than with amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide .", "the present results indicate a more pronounced effect of perindopril at both macro - and microcirculatory levels , which will consequently lead to a larger decrease in cardiac afterload .", "after discontinuation of therapy all parameters returned to baseline values within @ weeks ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "gastric acid plays an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions .", "we investigated whether aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury might have any association with the intragastric ph.", "fifteen healthy , helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers randomly underwent the four different @-day regimens : ( @ ) aspirin @ mg , ( @ ) rabeprazole @ mg , ( @ ) aspirin @ mg + rabeprazole @ mg , and ( @ ) aspirin @ mg + rabeprazole @ mg .", "gastric mucosal injury based on the modified lanza score ( mls ) , @-h intragastric ph , and histopathology of gastric mucosa were evaluated prior to the start and on day @ of each regimen .", "the median mlss were @ in the baseline and the rabeprazole @ mg regimen .", "the median mls in the aspirin regimen was @ , while those in both aspirin + rabeprazole @ mg and aspirin + rabeprazole @ mg regimens were @ .", "rabeprazole significantly prevented the gastric mucosal injury by aspirin ( p = @ for rabeprazole @ mg and p = @ for rabeprazole @ mg ) .", "the mlss were negatively correlated with the @-h intragastric ph ( p = -@ , < @ ) , whereas aspirin had no effect on the intragastric ph. aspirin expanded the mean diameter of the microvessels of the gastric mucosa , which , in turn , was negatively correlated with the intragastric ph.", "aspirin might induce gastric mucosal injury by affecting the mucosal microvessels in an acid-dependent manner .", "sustained maintenance of the intragastric ph at an elevated value is necessary to prevent gastric mucosal damage induced by aspirin ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the efficacy of dapagliflozin , a sodium-glucose cotransporter @ inhibitor , for the treatment of individuals with type @ diabetes mellitus ( t@dm ) and preexisting cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .", "randomized , double-blind , age-stratified ( < @ and @ ) , @-week clinical trial with a @-week extension .", "one hundred seventy-three centers in @ countries .", "individuals ( n = @ ) with t@dm , glycosylated hemoglobin ( hba@c ) of @ % to @ % , and documented cvd .", "dapagliflozin @ mg/d or placebo was added to usual care .", "participants receiving insulin had their total daily insulin dose reduced by @ % at randomization .", "two equal primary end points : change from baseline in hba@c and proportion of participants achieving a three-item end point ( reduction of @ % in hba@c , @ % in body weight , and @ mmhg in systolic blood pressure ) at @ weeks .", "forty-seven percent were aged @ and older , @ % were aged @ and older , mean duration of t@dm was @ years , mean baseline hba@c was @ % , and approximately @ % were taking insulin .", "the placebo-corrected change in hba@c with dapagliflozin was -@ % at @ weeks .", "significantly more participants achieved the three-item end point with dapagliflozin ( @ % ) than with placebo ( @ % ) .", "the placebo-corrected percentage change in body weight for dapagliflozin was -@ % ( -@ kg ) .", "similar results were observed in both age strata , and changes were maintained over @ weeks .", "more than one-quarter ( @ % ) of participants receiving dapagliflozin and @ % of those receiving placebo experienced hypoglycemia .", "more participants receiving dapagliflozin had vulvovaginitis , balanitis , or urinary tract infection .", "when added to a usual background regimen in an older population with advanced t@dm and preexisting comorbid cvd , dapagliflozin improved glycemic control without an increase in hypoglycemic risk , promoted weight loss , and was well tolerated ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the mechanisms by which testosterone increases hemoglobin and hematocrit remain unclear .", "we assessed the hormonal and hematologic responses to testosterone administration in a clinical trial in which older men with mobility limitation were randomized to either placebo or testosterone gel daily for @ months .", "the @ % -@ % increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit , respectively , with testosterone administration was associated with significantly increased erythropoietin ( epo ) levels and decreased ferritin and hepcidin levels at @ and @ months .", "at @ months , epo and hepcidin levels returned toward baseline in spite of continued testosterone administration , but epo levels remained nonsuppressed even though elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit higher than at baseline , suggesting a new set point .", "consistent with increased iron utilization , soluble transferrin receptor ( str ) levels and ratio of str/log ferritin increased significantly in testosterone-treated men .", "hormonal and hematologic responses were similar in anemic participants .", "the majority of testosterone-treated anemic participants increased their hemoglobin into normal range .", "testosterone-induced increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit is associated with stimulation of epo and reduced ferritin and hepcidin concentrations .", "we propose that testosterone stimulates erythropoiesis by stimulating epo and recalibrating the set point of epo in relation to hemoglobin and by increasing iron utilization for erythropoiesis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate whether early and short follicular administration of gnrh antagonist using the flexible protocol has the potential to improve ivf-et clinical results .", "prospective , controlled , randomized study .", "university-affiliated assisted reproductive technology unit .", "fifty-three consecutive infertile women were enrolled to the study and control groups .", "both groups were treated with recombinant fsh and the flexible gnrh antagonist protocol .", "women in the study group were additionally supplemented with three injections of gnrh antagonist ( @ mg/d on days @ , @ , and @ of the menstrual cycle ) .", "hormonal milieu , oocyte meiotic status , competence for normal fertilization , cleavage , and clinical pregnancy rate .", "both groups had comparable baseline characteristics .", "the duration of recombinant fsh treatment was significantly longer in the study group as compared with the control group ( @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ days , respectively ) .", "the number of follicles > or = @ mm and e@ level on the day of hcg administration , number of retrieved oocytes , and endometrial thickness were similar between the two groups .", "however , the fertilization rate was significantly higher in the study as compared with the control group ( @ % + / -@ % and @ % + / -@ % , respectively ) .", "moreover , the cumulative rate of mature first polar body oocytes was significantly higher in the study group as compared with the control group ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) .", "concomitantly , day-@ fsh and lh levels after initiation of treatment were significantly lower in the study as compared with the control group ( @ + / -@ miu/ml vs. @ + / -@ miu/ml and @ + / -@ miu/ml vs. @ + / -@ miu/ml , respectively ) .", "early and short follicular gnrh antagonist supplementation using flexible gnrh antagonist treatment improves the meiotic status and competence of retrieved oocytes .", "it seems that early and short pituitary shutdown has the potential to improve clinical results in ivf-et gnrh antagonist cycles ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "little is known about adherence to inhaled medication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) and the impact on mortality and morbidity .", "data on drug adherence from a randomised double-blind trial comparing inhaled salmeterol @ microg + fluticasone propionate @ microg twice daily with placebo and each drug individually in @ patients with moderate to severe copd over @ years in the torch study were used .", "all-cause mortality and exacerbations leading to hospital admission were primary and secondary end points .", "the study of adherence was not specified a priori as an ancillary study .", "of the @ patients ( @ % ) with good adherence defined as > @ % use of study medication , @ % died compared with @ % of the @ patients ( @ % ) with poor adherence .", "the annual rates of hospital admission for exacerbations were @ and @ , respectively .", "the association between adherence and mortality remained unchanged and statistically significant after adjusting for other factors related to prognosis ( hazard ratio @ ( @ % ci @ to @ ) , p < @ ) .", "the association was even stronger when analysing on-treatment deaths only .", "similarly , the association between adherence and hospital admission remained unchanged and significant in a multivariate analysis ( rate ratio @ ( @ % ci @ to @ , p < @ ) .", "the association between increased adherence and improved mortality and reduction in hospital admission was independent of study treatment .", "the effect of treatment was more pronounced in patients with good adherence than in those with poor adherence .", "adherence to inhaled medication is significantly associated with reduced risk of death and admission to hospital due to exacerbations in copd .", "further research is needed to understand these strong associations ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to verify whether techniques of yoga with and without the addition of tui na might improve pain and the negative impact of fibromyalgia ( fms ) on patients ' daily life .", "forty ( @ ) fms women were randomized into two groups , relaxing yoga ( ry ) and relaxing yoga plus touch ( ryt ) , for eight weekly sessions of stretching , breathing , and relaxing yogic techniques .", "ryt patients were further submitted to manipulative techniques of tui na .", "outcome measures comprised the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire ( fiq ) , pain threshold at the @ fms tender points , and a verbal graduation of pain assessed before treatment and on the followup .", "the visual analog scale ( vas ) for pain was assessed before and after each session and on the follow-up .", "seventeen ( @ ) ryt and @ ry patients completed the study .", "both ry and ryt groups showed improvement in the fiq and vas scores , which decreased on all sessions .", "the ryt group showed lower vas and verbal scores for pain on the eighth session , but this difference was not maintained on the follow-up .", "conversely , ry vas and verbal scores were significantly lower just on the follow-up .", "these study results showed that yogic techniques are valid therapeutic methods for fms .", "touch addition yielded greater improvement during the treatment .", "over time , however , ry patients reported less pain than ryt .", "these results suggest that a passive therapy may possibly decrease control over fms symptoms ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ketorolac tromethamine @ mg and @ mg suppositories in comparison to placebo , after single dose administration in patients suffering from post-operative pain after cholecystectomy .", "double-blind , randomized , controlled study .", "anaesthesia service .", "@ patients with severe pain following surgery .", "cholecystectomy .", "the analgesia activity of ketorolac tromethamine @ mg and @ mg suppositories were evaluated after single dose administration by assessing pain intensity and pain relief using a @ point scale ( vrs ) .", "at the end of the treatment period overall assessment of safety and efficacy were recorded by physician and patient .", "the results show that in both active groups after @ ' and until @ hours , pain intensity decreased significantly with respect to the baseline .", "however a statistically significant difference between groups of p < @ , p < @ and p < @ was found in favour of the @ mg dose respectively at @ ' , @ and @ hours after administration .", "all the patients treated with placebo suppositories required another rescue analgesic drug and withdrew from the trial .", "three patients complained adverse events not related to treatment : two on placebo and one on ketorolac @ mg .", "the systemic and local tolerability of the drug was good .", "this study shows that ketorolac @ mg suppositories are effective in clinical conditions , such as after surgery , in which pain control must be achieved within the shortest time interval and maintained or improved by means of a single route of administration ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the relationship between cough receptor sensitivity and eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in patients with asthma remains unclear .", "eighteen patients with asthma sensitised to house dust mite ( hdm ) were enrolled in a randomised parallel group study .", "patients with asthma whose main symptom was cough were not enrolled in the study .", "half the patients were randomly assigned to inhale saline and the other half to inhale hdm allergen .", "cough receptor sensitivity to capsaicin , airway responsiveness to histamine , and sputum eosinophils analysed with hypertonic saline inhalation were investigated before and @ hours after saline or hdm allergen bronchoprovocation .", "patients inhaling saline showed no significant changes in sputum eosinophils ( from @ % ( @ % confidence interval ( ci ) @ to @ ) to @ % ( @ % ci @ to @ ) ; p = @ ) , airway responsiveness to histamine ( from @ micro g/ml ( @ % ci @ to @ ) to @ micro g/ml ( @ % ci @ to @ ) ; p = @ ) , or capsaicin sensitivity ( from @ micro m ( @ % ci @ to @ ) to @ micro m ( @ % ci @ to @ ) ; p = @ ) .", "early asthmatic response was induced in all patients , and late asthmatic response was observed in six of nine patients inhaling hdm allergen .", "although there were significant increases in sputum eosinophils ( from @ % ( @ % ci @ to @ ) to @ % ( @ % ci @ to @ ) ; p < @ ) and airway responsiveness to histamine ( from @ micro g/ml ( @ % ci @ to @ ) to @ micro g/ml ( @ % ci @ to @ ) ; p < @ ) @ hours after hdm allergen inhalation compared with baseline levels , capsaicin sensitivity did not change significantly ( from @ micro m ( @ % ci @ to @ ) to @ micro m ( @ % ci @ to @ ) ; p = @ ) .", "these findings suggest that cough receptor sensitivity to capsaicin is not associated with eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in patients with allergic asthma whose main symptoms are wheezing and dyspnoea but not cough ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to determine whether surfactant ( beractant ) administration to term newborns in respiratory failure and at risk for requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ( ecmo ) treatment would significantly reduce the incidence of severe complications through @ days of age and the need for ecmo .", "a multicenter ( n = @ ) , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted .", "infants weighing @ gm or more with gestational ages of @ weeks or greater were stratified by diagnosis ( meconium aspiration syndrome , sepsis , or idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn ) and oxygenation index ( @ to @ , @ to @ , @ to @ ) and then randomly assigned to receive four doses of beractant , @ mg/kg ( n = @ ) , or air placebo ( n = @ ) before ecmo treatment and four additional doses during ecmo , if ecmo was required .", "the incidence of untoward effects ( including hemorrhagic , neurologic , pulmonary , renal , cardiovascular , infectious , metabolic , and technical complications ) occurring before and after randomization and through @ days of age or discharge were recorded .", "the two treatment groups were comparable in baseline parameters , including birth weight , sex , gestational age , oxygenation index , and primary diagnosis .", "there was no difference in the incidence of severe complications .", "the need for ecmo therapy was significantly less in the surfactant group than in the placebo group ( p = @ ) ; this effect was greatest within the lowest oxygenation index stratum ( @ to @ ; p = @ ) .", "use of surfactant , particularly in the early phase of respiratory failure , significantly decreases the need for ecmo in the treatment of term newborns with respiratory failure , without increasing the risk of complications ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "human patient simulation ( hps ) , utilizing computerized , physiologically responding mannequins , has become the latest innovation in medical education .", "however , no substantive outcome data exist validating the advantage of hps .", "the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of simulation training as compared with case-based learning ( cbl ) among fourth-year medical students as measured by observable behavioral actions .", "a chest pain curriculum was presented during a one-month mandatory emergency medicine clerkship in @ .", "each month , students were randomized to participate in either the cbl-based or the hps-based module .", "all students participated in the same end-of-clerkship chest pain objective structured clinical examination that measured @ behaviors .", "three subscales were computed : history taking , acute coronary syndrome evaluation and management , and cardiac arrest management .", "mean total and subscale scores were compared across groups using a multivariate analysis of variance , with significance assessed from hotelling 's t@ statistic .", "students were randomly assigned to cbl ( n = @ ) or hps ( n = @ ) groups .", "the groups were well balanced after random assignment , with no differences in mean age ( @ years ; range , @-@ years ) , gender ( male , @ % ) , or emergency medicine preference for specialty training ( @ % ) .", "self-ratings of learning styles were similar overall : @ % were visual learners , @ % auditory learners , and @ % kinetic learners .", "results of the multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant effect ( hotelling 's t@ [ @,@ ] = @ ; p = @ ) of education modality ( cbl or hps ) on any subscale or total score difference in performance .", "hps training offers no advantage to cbl as measured by medical student performance on a chest pain objective structured clinical examination ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "anogenital warts are a common disorder associated with significant physical and mental distress and a substantial cause of health care costs .", "to assess the efficacy of the topical application of nitric oxide delivered using acidified nitrite .", "a multicenter , randomized , controlled , dose-ranging clinical trial was conducted in european genitourinary medicine clinics between december @ , @ , and january @ , @ .", "analysis was by intent to treat for all individuals initiating therapy .", "participants included male and female volunteers older than @ years with between @ and @ external anogenital warts .", "a total of @ individuals from @ centers were randomized to a control arm and a treatment arm that received @ doses of acidified nitrite applied topically for @ weeks with an additional @ weeks of follow-up , with the final follow-up visit on january @ , @ .", "placebo nitrite cream and placebo citric acid cream were applied twice daily .", "active treatment was divided as low dose ( sodium nitrite , @ % , with citric acid , @ % , creams applied twice daily ) , middle dose ( sodium nitrite , @ % , with citric acid , @ % , creams applied once daily at night , with placebo applied in the morning ) , and high dose ( sodium nitrite , @ % , with citric acid , @ % , creams applied twice daily ) .", "the primary outcome was proportion of patients with complete clinical clearance of target warts ; secondary outcomes were reduction in target wart area and safety .", "complete clinical clearance at @ weeks occurred in @ of @ patients ( @ % ; @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) with placebo ; @ of @ ( @ % ; @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) with low-dose treatment ; @ of @ ( @ % ; @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) with middle-dose treatment ; and @ of @ ( @ % ; @ % ci , @ % -@ % ) with high-dose treatment ( p = @ ) .", "reduction in target wart area , time to clearance , and patient and investigator assessments supported the superiority of the high-dose therapy vs placebo .", "there were no systemic or serious adverse events associated with treatment .", "however , there was a dose-related increase in itching , pain , edema , and staining of the anogenital skin associated with the active treatment .", "overall , @ patients withdrew from active treatment because of adverse events compared with none using placebo .", "use of sodium nitrite , @ % , with citric acid , @ % , twice daily is more effective than placebo in the treatment of anogenital warts .", "treatment was associated with local irritant adverse effects .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "unexplained abdominal pain in children has been shown to be related to parental responses to symptoms .", "this randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve outcomes in idiopathic childhood abdominal pain by altering parental responses to pain and children 's ways of coping and thinking about their symptoms .", "two hundred children with persistent functional abdominal pain and their parents were randomly assigned to one of two conditions-a three-session intervention of cognitive-behavioral treatment targeting parents ' responses to their children 's pain complaints and children 's coping responses , or a three-session educational intervention that controlled for time and attention .", "parents and children were assessed at pretreatment , and @ week , @ months , and @ months post-treatment .", "outcome measures were child and parent reports of child pain levels , function , and adjustment .", "process measures included parental protective responses to children 's symptom reports and child coping methods .", "children in the cognitive-behavioral condition showed greater baseline to follow-up decreases in pain and gastrointestinal symptom severity ( as reported by parents ) than children in the comparison condition ( time x treatment interaction , p < @ ) .", "also , parents in the cognitive-behavioral condition reported greater decreases in solicitous responses to their child 's symptoms compared with parents in the comparison condition ( time x treatment interaction , p < @ ) .", "an intervention aimed at reducing protective parental responses and increasing child coping skills is effective in reducing children 's pain and symptom levels compared with an educational control condition ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "it has been suggested that clopidogrel may be less effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular events among persons who are carriers of loss-of-function cyp@c@ alleles that are associated with reduced conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite .", "we genotyped patients from two large , randomized trials that showed that clopidogrel , as compared with placebo , reduced the rate of cardiovascular events ( the primary efficacy outcome ) among patients with acute coronary syndromes and among patients with atrial fibrillation .", "patients were genotyped for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( * @ , * @ , * @ ) that define the major cyp@c@ alleles .", "among @ genotyped patients with acute coronary syndromes , clopidogrel as compared with placebo significantly reduced the rate of the primary efficacy outcome , irrespective of the genetically determined metabolizer phenotype ( p = @ for heterogeneity ) .", "the effect of clopidogrel in reducing the rate of the primary efficacy outcome was similar in patients who were heterozygous or homozygous for loss-of-function alleles and in those who were not carriers of the alleles ( rate among carriers , @ % with clopidogrel vs. @ % with placebo ; hazard ratio with clopidogrel , @ ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @ to @ ; rate among noncarriers , @ % vs. @ % ; hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ) .", "in contrast , gain-of-function carriers derived more benefit from clopidogrel treatment as compared with placebo than did noncarriers ( rate of primary outcome among carriers , @ % vs. @ % ; hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; rate among noncarriers , @ % vs. @ % ; hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p = @ for interaction ) .", "the effect of clopidogrel on bleeding did not vary according to genotypic subgroups .", "among @ genotyped patients with atrial fibrillation , there was no evidence of an interaction with respect to either efficacy or bleeding between the study treatment and the metabolizer phenotype , loss-of-function carrier status , or gain-of-function carrier status .", "among patients with acute coronary syndromes or atrial fibrillation , the effect of clopidogrel as compared with placebo is consistent , irrespective of cyp@c@ loss-of-function carrier status .", "( funded by sanofi-aventis and bristol-myers squibb ; clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ . )" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the changes in the incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage , hyperemia , photophobia , flap displacements , and flap retractions in myopic patients who have undergone lasik with an intralase @-khz femtosecond laser ( intralasik ) with or without the application of brimonidine tartrate @ % in one eye .", "two hundred eyes of @ myopic patients were enrolled in this brimonidine tartrate fellow eye control study .", "these myopic patients were treated with the intralasik technique in both eyes .", "only @ eye was treated with brimonidine tartrate @ % @ minutes before surgery .", "one day after surgery , subconjunctival hemorrhage , photophobia , and hyperemia were evaluated .", "flap slippage and flap retractions were evaluated @ day , @ week , @ month , and @ months after surgery .", "of the @ eyes treated with brimonidine tartrate before intralasik , @ ( @ % ) eyes showed subconjunctival hemorrhage .", "complex hyperemia-photophobia was found in @ ( @ % ) of @ eyes immediately after the surgery compared with non-brimonidine tartrate treated eyes ( @ % and @ % , respectively ) .", "eyes treated with brimonidine showed no incidence of flap complications , whereas eyes not treated with brimonidine showed @ % flap retraction .", "this study suggests that brimonidine tartrate @ % administered before intralasik provides a reduction in the incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage , hyperemia , and photophobia without increasing flap complications ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the use of oral contraceptives is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension but the mechanisms of this hypertensive effect are not completely defined .", "the purpose of the present study was to assess prospectively the systemic and renal hemodynamic and tubular responses to salt in women taking oral contraceptives .", "twenty seven young healthy normotensive women taking oral contraceptives containing monophasic combination of @ microg ethynilestradiol and @ microg desogestrel for > @ months were enrolled .", "all women were assigned at random to receive a low ( @ mmol/day ) or a high ( @ mmol/day ) sodium diet for @ week on two consecutive menstrual cycles during the active oral contraceptive phase .", "at the end of each diet period , @-hour ambulatory blood pressure , renal hemodynamics , sodium handling , and hormonal profile were measured .", "the blood pressure response to salt on oral contraceptives was characterized by a salt-resistant pattern with a normal circadian rhythm .", "salt loading results in an increase in glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) ( p < @ vs. low salt ) , with no change in the renal plasma flow , thus leading to an increase in the filtration fraction ( p < @ ) .", "at the tubular level , women on oral contraceptives responded to a low salt intake with a marked increased in proximal sodium conservation ( p < @ vs. high salt ) and with an almost complete reabsorption of sodium reaching the distal tubule .", "after sodium loading , both the proximal and the distal reabsorption of sodium decreased significantly ( p < @ ) .", "the use of oral contraceptives is not associated with an increased blood pressure response to salt in young normotensive women .", "however , oral contraceptives affect the renal hemodynamic response to salt , a high salt intake leading to an increase in gfr and filtration fraction .", "this effect is possibly mediated by the estrogen-induced activation of the renin-angiotensin system .", "oral contraceptives also appear to increase the tubular responsiveness to changes in sodium intake .", "taken together , these data point out evidence that synthetic sex steroids have a significant impact on renal function in women .", "the renal effects of oral contraceptives should be taken into account when managing young women with renal diseases ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effect of intensive lipid-lowering treatment on coronary artery calcification in a substudy of a trial recruiting patients with calcific aortic stenosis .", "in a double blind randomised controlled trial , @ patients with calcific aortic stenosis and coronary artery calcification were randomly assigned by the minimisation technique to atorvastatin @ mg daily or matched placebo .", "coronary artery calcification was assessed annually by helical computed tomography .", "@ patients were randomly assigned to atorvastatin and @ to placebo with a median follow up of @ months ( interquartile range @-@ ) .", "baseline characteristics and coronary artery calcium scores were similar in both groups .", "atorvastatin reduced serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( -@ % , p < @ ) and c reactive protein ( -@ % , p < @ ) concentrations whereas there was no change with placebo ( -@ % and @ % , p > @ for both ) .", "the rate of change in coronary artery calcification was @ % / year ( @ ( se @ ) log arbitrary units ( au ) / year ; n = @ ) in the atorvastatin group and @ % / year ( @ ( se @ ) log au/year ; n = @ ) in the placebo group , with a geometric mean difference of @ % / year ( @ % confidence interval -@ % to @ % , p = @ ) .", "serum low density lipoprotein concentrations were not correlated with the rate of progression of coronary calcification ( r = @ , p = @ ) .", "in contrast to previous observational studies , this randomised controlled trial has shown that , despite reducing systemic inflammation and halving serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations , statin treatment does not have a major effect on the rate of progression of coronary artery calcification ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we measured the energy and protein needs in @ sequential , critically ill , ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy ( crrt ) for renal failure by using indirect calorimetry and three sequential isocaloric protein-feeding regimes of @ , @ , and @ g. kg ( -@ ) .", "d ( -@ ) .", "we also assessed the compliance of actual feeding with target feeding and correlated the predictive energy requirements of the formulae with the actual energy expenditure ( ee ) measured by indirect calorimetry .", "we also determined whether these feeding regimes affected patient outcome .", "the energy and protein needs of @ consecutive , critically ill patients ( @ male ; age @ + / - @ y ; acute physiology and chronic health evaluation ( apache ii ) score : @ + / - @ ; acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score predicted risk of death : @ + / - @ % ) were assessed by using indirect calorimetry and ultrafiltrate nitrogen loss .", "entry into this study was on commencement of crrt .", "to eliminate any beneficial effect from the passage of time on nitrogen balance , @ of the @ patients were randomized to receive @ g. kg ( -@ ) .", "d ( -@ ) throughout the study , and the others received an escalating isocaloric feeding regime ( @ , @ , and @ g. kg ( -@ ) .", "d ( -@ ) ) at @-h intervals .", "enteral feeding was preferred , but if this was not tolerated or unable to meet target , it was supplemented or replaced by a continuous infusion of total parenteral nutrition .", "energy was given to meet caloric requirements as predicted by the schofield equation corrected by stress factors or based on the metabolic cart readings of ee and was kept constant for all patients throughout the trial .", "patients were stabilized on each feeding regime for at least @ h before samples of dialysate were taken for nitrogen analysis at @-h intervals on the second day .", "crrt was performed by using a blood pump with a blood flow of @ to @ ml/min .", "dialysate was pumped in and out counter-currently to the blood flow at @ l/h .", "a biocompatible polyacrylonitrile hemofilter was used in all cases .", "ee was @ + / - @ cal/d and increased by @ + / - @ cal/d ( p < @ ) throughout the @-d study period to @ + / - @ cal/d .", "at study entry , the mean predicted ( schofield ) caloric requirement was @ + / - @ .", "patients received @ % of the predicted energy requirements .", "however , the mean ee was @ % higher at @ + / - @ calories .", "this difference was not uniform .", "if the predicted caloric requirement was less than @ , the ee exceeded the predicted by an average of @ % .", "if the predicted caloric requirement was greater than @ , the ee on average was @ % less than predicted .", "this relation was significant ( p = @ ) and has not been described previously .", "nitrogen balance was inversely related to ee ( p = @ ) , positively related to protein intake ( p = @ ) , and more likely to be attained with protein intakes larger than @ g. kg ( -@ ) .", "d ( -@ ) ( p = @ ) .", "nitrogen balance became positive in trial patients over time but were negative in control patients over time ( p = @ ) .", "nitrogen balance was directly associated with hospital outcome ( p = @ ) and intensive care unit outcome ( p = @ ) .", "for every @-g/d increase in nitrogen balance , the probability of survival increased by @ % ( p = @ ; odds ratio , @ ; @ % confidence limits , @,@ ) .", "further , although enterally and parenterally fed patients had lower mortalities than predicted , the presence of enteral feeding , even after adjusting for predicted risk of death , had a statistically significant benefit to patient outcome ( p = @ ) .", "this study found that a metabolic cart can improve the accuracy of energy provision and that a protein intake of @ g. kg ( -@ ) .", "d ( -@ ) in these patients increases the likelihood of achieving a positive nitrogen balance and improving survival .", "enteral feeding is preferable , but if this is not possible or does not achieve the target , then it should be supplemented by parenteral feeding ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "corticosteroid-free maintenance immunosuppression after organ transplantation eliminates the well-known corticosteroid-related side effects and may help to improve long-term outcome .", "we investigated whether a corticosteroid-free tacrolimus ( tac ) / mycophenolate mofetil ( mmf ) regimen , in combination with daclizumab ( dac ) induction therapy , provides adequate immunosuppression after renal transplantation .", "this @-month , open-label , multicenter , parallel-group study involved @ renal patients randomized ( @:@ ) to a dac/tac/mmf regimen ( n = @ ) or a tac/mmf/corticosteroids regimen ( n = @ ) as a control group .", "of the patients who completed the study , @ % in the dac/tac/mmf group were free from corticosteroid therapy at month @ .", "the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection was @ % in both treatment groups ; the incidence of biopsy-proven corticosteroid-resistant acute rejection was @ % and @ % with tac/mmf/corticosteroids and dac/tac/mmf , respectively ( p = ns for both comparisons ) .", "renal function was also similar in both groups : median serum creatinine at month @ was @ micromol/l ( tac/mmf/corticosteroids ) and @ microml/l ( dac/tac/mmf ) , p = @ .", "the overall safety profile was similar with both regimens .", "however , compared with the tac/mmf/steroid regimen , a significantly reduced incidence of new-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) was found with steroid-free immunosuppression .", "moreover , mean total cholesterol concentrations increased from baseline in the tac/mmf/corticosteroids group by @ mmol/l , whereas in the dac/tac/mmf group , levels decreased by @ mmol/l , p = @ .", "corticosteroid-free immunosuppression with a dac/tac/mmf regimen is as effective at preventing acute rejection after renal transplantation as a standard triple regimen of tac/mmf/corticosteroids .", "furthermore , the safety benefits reported with dac/tac/mmf treatment may help improve the long-term outcome for renal-transplant patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "damage control laparotomy , or abbreviated initial laparotomy followed by temporary abdominal closure ( tac ) , intensive care unit resuscitation , and planned re-laparotomy , is frequently used to manage intra-abdominal bleeding and contamination among critically ill or injured adults .", "animal data suggest that tac techniques that employ negative pressure to the peritoneal cavity may reduce the systemic inflammatory response and associated organ injury .", "the primary objective of this study is to determine if use of a tac dressing that affords active negative pressure peritoneal therapy , the abthera open abdomen negative pressure therapy system , reduces the extent of the systemic inflammatory response after damage control laparotomy for intra-abdominal sepsis or injury as compared to a commonly used tac method that provides potentially less efficient peritoneal negative pressure , the barker 's vacuum pack .", "the intra-peritoneal vacuum trial will be a single-center , randomized controlled trial .", "adults will be intraoperatively allocated to tac with either the abthera or barker 's vacuum pack after the decision has been made by the attending surgeon to perform a damage control laparotomy .", "the study will use variable block size randomization .", "on study days @ , @ , @ , @ , and @ , blood will be collected .", "whenever possible , peritoneal fluid will also be collected at these time points from the patient 's abdomen or tac device .", "luminex technology will be used to quantify the concentrations of @ mediators relevant to the inflammatory response in peritoneal fluid and plasma .", "the primary endpoint is the difference in the plasma concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine il-@ at @ and @ h after tac dressing application .", "secondary endpoints include the differential effects of these dressings on the systemic concentration of other pro-inflammatory cytokines , collective peritoneal and systemic inflammatory mediator profiles , postoperative fluid balance , intra-abdominal pressure , and several patient-important outcomes , including organ dysfunction measures and mortality .", "results from this study will improve understanding of the effect of active negative pressure peritoneal therapy after damage control laparotomy on the inflammatory response .", "it will also gather necessary pilot information needed to inform design of a multicenter trial comparing clinical outcomes among patients randomized to tac with the abthera versus barker 's vacuum pack .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier http://www.clicaltrials.gov/ct@/show/nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effectiveness of manual therapy ( mt ) versus transcutaneous electrical nervous stimulation ( tens ) in reducing the intensity of pain in patients with subacute or chronic neck pain ( np ) attended at primary care physiotherapy units ( pcpu ) .", "randomised clinical trial .", "thirteen pcpu in @ health districts of the community of madrid , spain .", "ninety patients with subacute or chronic np attended .", "lost after intervention : @ .", "at random , @ patients were allocated to mt treatment and @ to tens .", "social and demographic characteristics and prognosis variables in the intervention groups were measured .", "intensity of pain before and after intervention was calculated by mean values on the analogue visual scale ( present moment , average and worst pain of the last @ weeks ) .", "side-effects were also measured .", "difference between before-and-after pain was @ mm ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) for the group treated with transcutaneous electrical nervous stimulation and @ mm ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) for manual therapy .", "the difference in averages on comparing the @ procedures for improvement was @ ( @ % ci , -@ % to @ % ) .", "tens and mt significantly reduce patients ' perceived intensity of pain , although there were no differences between the @ groups.there are no conclusive results for the alternative physiotherapy treatments that determine a clear strategy of intervention ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "formoterol and salmeterol differ in their relative intrinsic activity at airway beta ( @ ) - adrenoceptors , with formoterol being a full agonist .", "the homozygous glycine-@ polymorphism of the beta ( @ ) - adrenoceptor occurs in approximately @ % of patients and is known to predispose to agonist-induced downregulation and desensitization .", "to evaluate possible differences in intrinsic beta ( @ ) - adrenoceptor agonist activity between salmeterol and formoterol in terms of their functional antagonism against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction ( the primary end point ) in genetically susceptible patients who exhibited the homozygous glycine-@ polymorphism .", "eighteen patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroid who expressed the homozygous glycine-@ genotype were randomized to completion ( mean [ sem ] age , @ [ @ ] years ; mean fev ( @ ) , @ [ @ ] % predicted ) .", "patients received three different treatments for @ week in randomized , double-blind , crossover fashion , with a @-week washout period between treatments : formoterol , @ microg bid ; salmeterol , @ microg bid ; and placebo .", "for each of the randomized treatment periods , there were three separate methacholine challenges : baseline after washout , @ h after the first dose , and @ h after the last dose .", "both salmeterol and formoterol exhibited significantly ( p < @ ) greater bronchoprotection than placebo for their effects after single or repeated dosing , although there was no significant difference between the two drugs .", "the geometric mean fold protection vs placebo ( @ % confidence interval [ ci ] ) for the first dose was @-fold ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) for salmeterol and @-fold ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) for formoterol , and for last dose was @-fold ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) for salmeterol and @-fold ( @ % ci , @ to @ ) for formoterol .", "salmeterol and formoterol produced significant ( p < @ ) increases in fev ( @ ) and forced expiratory flow after @ to @ % of vital capacity has been expelled , after the first but not the last dose compared to placebo , while there were significant ( p < @ ) improvements in domiciliary peak flows during treatment with both drugs .", "our results showed no difference between formoterol and salmeterol in the degree of functional antagonism against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction at the end of a @-h dosing interval in patients who expressed the homozygous glycine-@ genotype .", "there was a significant residual degree of bronchoprotection after @ week of treatment , which was not significantly different compared to the first-dose effect ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rehabilitation care is an important part of comprehensive care for ms patients .", "little is known about the number of physiatry residents who are interested in providing care to individuals with multiple sclerosis [ ms ] .", "this study examines factors that influence physiatry residents ' interest in providing care to ms patients .", "we randomly sampled half of all accreditation council for graduate medical education-certified physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs in the continental united states and puerto rico .", "surveys were received from @ % of programs ( stage @ response rate ) and from @ residents ( @ % stage @ response rate ) .", "residents expressing interest in providing ms care were more likely to be female , asian , and to select statements emphasizing multidisciplinary care approaches and a community of dedicated professional colleagues as positive features of ms patient care .", "residents interested in teaching and with more education debt were marginally more likely to express interest in ms care .", "medical education should emphasize the need for physical medicine and rehabilitative care among individuals with ms , the ability of physiatrists to improve the functional status and quality of life for ms patients , and the team-based nature of ms care ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we conducted a retrospective evaluation of the overall safety of drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) in surgical patients with severe sepsis enrolled in prowess .", "a blinded surgical evaluation committee ( sec ) verified surgical patients as having undergone a significant operative procedure within @ days prior to enrollment .", "serious and treatment-emergent bleeding events , both during the study drug infusion period ( @ h ) and the entire @-day study period were analyzed by surgical status and by treatment assignment .", "statistical analysis was performed using fisher 's exact test .", "serious bleeding rates during infusion in the surgical patients were @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) in the drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) and placebo groups , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "treatment-emergent bleeding rates during infusion in the surgical patients were @ % ( @/@ ) and @ % ( @/@ ) in the drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) and placebo groups , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "none of the treatment-emergent bleeding events was fatal .", "of seven drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) serious bleeding events , six were procedure-related .", "the serious bleeding rates within each treatment group were statistically indistinguishable between the medical and surgical patients .", "however , the medical patients had numerically higher treatment-emergent bleeding rates than the surgical patients within each treatment group .", "despite this observation , overall surgical patients received more transfusions of red blood cells , of platelets , and of fresh frozen plasma than their medical counterparts .", "although treatment of surgical patients with drotrecogin alfa ( activated ) for severe sepsis is associated with a higher incidence of serious bleeding and subsequent treatment - emergent bleeding events , the magnitude of this increase is small and clinically acceptable ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( nsaids ) are widely used to treat osteoarthritis ( oa ) , though their long-term efficacy is uncertain .", "we report a comparison of the symptomatic responses to therapy with tiaprofenic acid , indomethacin and placebo over @ yr .", "a parallel-group , randomized , single-blind trial of patients with knee oa recruited @ patients from @ centres ; @ patients received tiaprofenic acid ( @ mg b.d. ) , @ indomethacin ( @ mg t.d.s. ) and @ matching placebo for up to @ yr .", "at the end of the parallel-group study , patients receiving tiaprofenic acid or placebo entered a @-week blinded cross-over study of tiaprofenic acid or placebo , both given for @ weeks .", "assessments were at baseline , @ weeks , then at @-month intervals for up to @ yr in the parallel group study and at @-week intervals in the cross-over study .", "they comprised pain scores , duration of morning stiffness , patients ' global assessments , paracetamol consumption , adverse reactions , withdrawals and functional outcomes .", "there were significant falls in overall pain scores in patients receiving nsaids compared with placebo at @ weeks in the parallel-group phase .", "thereafter there were no advantages favouring active therapy .", "in the cross-over phase , pain scores were significantly lower in patients receiving tiaprofenic acid than placebo .", "patients who had been receiving long-term tiaprofenic acid showed significant rises in their pain scores when receiving placebo therapy and vice versa .", "adverse events were reported by @ % of patients receiving tiaprofenic acid , @ % on indomethacin and @ % on placebo .", "potentially severe side-effects were rare ; for example , there were only three cases of gastrointestinal bleeding on nsaids .", "the pattern of withdrawal was similar in patients taking nsaids and placebo in the parallel-group study ; at @ weeks @ % of the patients remained on tiaprofenic acid , @ % on indomethacin and @ % on placebo .", "nsaids significantly reduce overall pain over @ weeks .", "this short-term responsiveness is retained , and even after several years of therapy with tiaprofenic acid pain scores increased over @ weeks when it was changed to placebo .", "our results do not show long-term benefits from the use of nsaids in oa and the majority of patients had persisting pain and disability despite therapy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "traditional teacher-centred education strategies often do not meet the needs and student abilities of adult learning .", "the introduction of small learning groups requires considerable increases in staff .", "problem-based learning could increase the motivation to acquire knowledge but without being as staff-intensive .", "medical students ( n = @ ) in their fourth clinical semester were randomly assigned to either a structured course ( sc ) or problem-based learning ( pbl ) for surgery .", "their motivation and acceptance of the courses were recorded at the end of term in anonymous questionnaires using likert scales , with scores ranging from @ ( very good ) to @ ( unsatisfactory ) .", "both course structure and the teachers received much better ratings from the pbl students ( p < @ each ) .", "the motivation of students to deal with surgical problems beyond the course material was significantly higher after pbl , with @ ( @ ) , than after the structured course with @ ( @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "the overall rating was substantially worse for the structured course , with @ ( @ ) than for pbl at @ ( @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "problem-based learning in the surgical curriculum increases student acceptance and motivation with little demand on staff .", "it should be increasingly implemented ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine effects of daily intake of @/@ cup pinto beans , black-eyed peas or carrots ( placebo ) on risk factors for coronary heart disease ( chd ) and diabetes mellitus ( dm ) in free-living , mildly insulin resistant adults over an @ week period .", "randomized , crossover @x@ block design .", "sixteen participants ( @ men , @ women ) received each treatment for eight-weeks with two-week washouts .", "fasting blood samples collected at beginning and end of periods were analyzed for total cholesterol ( tc ) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , triacylglycerols , high-sensitivity c-reactive protein , insulin , glucose , and hemoglobin a@c .", "a significant treatment-by-time effect impacted serum tc ( p = @ ) and ldl ( p = @ ) after eight weeks .", "paired t-tests indicated that pinto beans were responsible for this effect ( p = @ ; p = @ ) .", "mean change of serum tc for pinto bean , black-eyed pea and placebo were -@ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ mg/dl , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "mean change of serum ldl-c for pinto bean , black-eyed pea and placebo were -@ + / - @ , @ + / - @ , and @ + / - @ mg/dl , in that order ( p = @ ) .", "pinto beans differed significantly from placebo ( p = @ ) .", "no significant differences were seen with other blood concentrations across the @ treatment periods .", "pinto bean intake should be encouraged to lower serum tc and ldl-c , thereby reducing risk for chd ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "recombinant human parathyroid hormone ( @-@ ) ( rhpth ( @-@ ) ) given by injection is a new seventh class drug of biological products , which is prepared by adopting gene recombination technique .", "rhpth ( @-@ ) is mainly used to treat osteoporosis , especially for postmenopausal women .", "this study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of rhpth ( @-@ ) with elcatonin for treating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in @ urban areas of china .", "two hundred and five women with osteoporosis were enrolled in a @-month , multicenter , randomized , controlled study .", "they were randomized to receive either rhpth ( @-@ ) @ microg ( @ u ) daily or elcatonin @ u weekly .", "lumbar spine ( l@-@ ) and femoral neck bone mineral density ( bmd ) , as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured .", "adverse events were recorded .", "rhpth ( @-@ ) increased lumbar bmd significantly more than did elcatonin at @ months and @ months ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ; @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) , but there were no significant increases of bmd in these two groups at femoral neck .", "there were larger mean increases in bone markers in the rhpth ( @-@ ) group than in the elcatonin group at @ months and @ months ( serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( bsap ) @ % vs @ % ; @ % vs -@ % ; urinary n-telopeptide/creatinine ( ntx/cr ) @ % vs -@ % ; @ % vs -@ % ) .", "both treatments were well tolerated and there were no significant differences detected between the two groups in the proportion of any adverse events and any serious adverse events ( @ % vs @ % ; @ vs @ ) .", "rhpth ( @-@ ) has more positive effects on bone formation , as shown by the larger increments of lumbar bmd and bone formation markers , than elcatonin , with only mild adverse events and no significant change in the liver , kidney or hematological indices ." ]