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[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the gastro-protective effect of capsaicin against the ethanol - and indomethacin ( ind ) - induced gastric mucosal damage in healthy human subjects .", "the effects of small doses ( @-@ microg/ml , @ ml ) of capsaicin on the gastric acid secretion basal acid output ( bao ) and its electrolyte concentration , gastric transmucosal potential difference ( gtpd ) , ethanol - ( @ ml @ ml/l i.g. ) and ind - ( @x@ mg/d ) induced gastric mucosal damage were tested in a randomized , prospective study of @ healthy human subjects .", "the possible role of desensitization of capsaicin-sensitive afferents was tested by repeated exposures and during a prolonged treatment .", "intragastric application of capsaicin decreased the bao and enhanced `` non-parietal '' component , gtpd in a dose-dependent manner .", "the decrease of gtpd evoked by ethanol was inhibited by the capsaicin application , which was reproducible .", "gastric microbleeding induced by ind was inhibited by co-administration with capsaicin , but was not influenced by two weeks pretreatment with a daily capsaicin dose of @x@ microg i.g.", "capsaicin in low concentration range protects against gastric injuries induced by ethanol or ind , which is attributed to stimulation of the sensory nerve endings ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "prior research has shown that youth with co-occurring tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder ( ocd ) may differ from those with non-tic-related ocd in terms of clinical characteristics and treatment responsiveness .", "a broad definition of `` tic-related '' was used to examine whether children with tics in the pediatric ocd treatment study ii differed from those without tics in terms of demographic and phenomenological characteristics and acute treatment outcomes .", "participants were @ youth aged @ to @ years , inclusive , with a primary diagnosis of ocd who were partial responders to an adequate serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( sri ) trial .", "participants were randomized to medication management , medication management plus instructions in cognitive-behavioral therapy ( cbt ) , or medication management plus full cbt .", "tic status was based on the presence of motor and/or vocal tics on the yale global tic severity scale .", "tics were identified in @ % of the sample .", "those with tic-related ocd did not differ from those with non-tic-related ocd in terms of age , family history of tics , ocd severity , ocd-related impairment , or comorbidity .", "those with tics responded equally in all treatment conditions .", "tic-related ocd was very prevalent using a broad definition of tic status .", "results suggest that youth with this broad definition of tic-related ocd do not have increased ocd severity or inference , higher comorbidity rates or severity , or worsened functioning , and support the use of cbt in this population .", "this highlights the importance of not making broad assumptions about ocd symptoms most likely to occur in an individual with comorbid tics .", "clinical trial registration information-treatment of pediatric ocd for sri partial responders ; http://clinicaltrials.gov; nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the safety and efficacy of an automated unified safety system ( uss ) in providing overnight closed-loop ( ocl ) control in children and adolescents with type @ diabetes attending diabetes summer camps .", "the diabetes assistant ( dias ) uss used the dexcom g@ platinum glucose sensor ( dexcom ) and t : slim insulin pump ( tandem diabetes care ) .", "an initial inpatient study was completed for @ participants to evaluate safety .", "for the main camp study , @ participants with type @ diabetes were randomized to either ocl or sensor-augmented therapy ( control conditions ) per night over the course of a @ - to @-day diabetes camp .", "subjects completed @ ocl nights and @ control nights .", "on an intention-to-treat basis , with glucose data analyzed regardless of system status , the median percent time in range , from @-@ mg/dl , was @ % ( @ , @ ) for ocl nights versus @ % ( @ , @ ) for sensor-augmented pump therapy ( p = @ ) .", "a per-protocol analysis allowed for assessment of algorithm performance .", "the median percent time in range , from @-@ mg/dl , was @ % ( @ , @ ) for ocl nights ( n = @ ) versus @ % ( @ , @ ) for control conditions ( n = @ ) ( p = @ ) .", "there was less time spent in the hypoglycemic range < @ , < @ , and < @ mg/dl during ocl compared with the control period ( p = @ , p = @ , and p = @ , respectively ) .", "the dias uss algorithm is effective in improving time spent in range as well as reducing nocturnal hypoglycemia during the overnight period in children and adolescents with type @ diabetes in a diabetes camp setting ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study compared e-learning ( el ) , face-to-face learning ( f@fl ) and blended learning ( bl ) with respect to their effectiveness and student attitudes towards them .", "it also evaluated the effect of the order in which the components ( el and f@fl ) of blended learning are delivered .", "this was a prospective cluster randomised trial comparing four parallel groups .", "eight groups of fourth year dental undergraduate students were randomly allocated to one of four intervention groups : el , f@fl , bl@ or bl@ .", "these four groups were assessed for their baseline comparability of knowledge and skills .", "each then received the same cephalometric tutorial but delivered by the allocated mode of learning .", "effectiveness was immediately assessed with a mcq which measured short-term recall of knowledge .", "student attitudes were evaluated with a questionnaire followed by a focus group discussion .", "ninety ( @ % ) students completed the study .", "pearson 's chi-square test found no statistically significant difference between f@fl and bl ; el alone was less effective ( p < @ ) for four mcq questions but with no difference for the remaining six questions .", "overall students were positive towards each learning modality , but a one-way analysis of variance found bl was the most and f@fl was the least accepted ( p = @ ) .", "el was significantly ( p = @ ) less preferred .", "the order of the components in bl had no significant effects .", "these results suggest that bl is more likely than either f@fl or el alone , to be both effective and accepted when delivering cephalometric education to undergraduates ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the impact of psychotherapeutic support on survival for patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing surgery was studied .", "a randomized controlled trial was conducted in cooperation with the departments of general surgery and medical psychology , university hospital of hamburg , germany , from january @ to january @ .", "consenting patients ( n = @ ) with a preliminary diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus , stomach , liver/gallbladder , pancreas , or colon/rectum were stratified by sex and randomly assigned to a control group that received standard care as provided on the surgical wards , or to an experimental group that received formal psychotherapeutic support in addition to routine care during the hospital stay .", "from june @ to december @ , the @-year follow-up was conducted .", "survival status for all patients was determined from our own records and from three external sources : the hamburg cancer registry , family doctors , and the general citizen registration offices .", "kaplan-meier survival curves demonstrated better survival for the experimental group than the control group .", "the unadjusted significance level for group differences was p = @ for survival to @ years .", "cox regression models that took tnm staging or the residual tumor classification and tumor site into account also found significant differences at @ years .", "secondary analyses found that differences in favor of the experimental group occurred in patients with stomach , pancreatic , primary liver , or colorectal cancer .", "the results of this study indicate that patients with gastrointestinal cancer , who undergo surgery for stomach , pancreatic , primary liver , or colorectal cancer , benefit from a formal program of psychotherapeutic support during the inpatient hospital stay in terms of long-term survival ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the effect of b vitamin treatment on the incidence of cancer among patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack .", "a total of @ patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with @ tablet daily of placebo or b vitamins ( @ mg folic acid , @ mg vitamin b ( @ ) , @ g vitamin b ( @ ) ) and followed for a median of @ years for any cancer as an adverse event .", "there was no significant difference in the incidence of any cancer among participants assigned b vitamins compared with placebo ( @ % versus @ % ; risk ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) and no difference in cancer mortality ( @ % versus @ % ; risk ratio , @ ; @-@ @ ) .", "among @ patients with diabetes , the incidence of cancer was higher among participants assigned b vitamins compared with placebo ( @ % versus @ % ; adjusted risk ratio , @ ; @-@ @ ) , whereas among @ patients without diabetes , the incidence of cancer was lower among participants assigned b vitamins compared with placebo ( @ % versus @ % ; adjusted risk ratio , @ ; @-@ @ ; p for interaction = @ ) .", "daily administration of folic acid , vitamin b ( @ ) , and vitamin b ( @ ) to @ patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack for a median of @ years had no significant effect , compared with placebo , on cancer incidence or mortality .", "however , a post hoc subgroup analysis raises the hypothesis that folic acid treatment may increase the incidence of cancer among diabetics and reduce the incidence of cancer among nondiabetics with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs newer than diuretics and beta-blockers has not been established .", "we compared the effects of the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine once daily with the diuretic combination co-amilozide on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients with hypertension .", "we did a prospective , randomised , double-blind trial in europe and israel in @ patients aged @-@ years with hypertension ( blood pressure > or = @/@ mm hg , or > or = @ mm hg systolic ) .", "patients had at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor .", "we randomly assigned patients nifedipine @ mg in a long-acting gastrointestinal-transport-system ( gits ) formulation ( n = @ ) , or co-amilozide ( hydrochlorothiazide @ mg [ corrected ] plus amiloride @ mg ; n = @ ) .", "dose titration was by dose doubling , and addition of atenolol @-@ mg or enalapril @-@ mg .", "the primary outcome was cardiovascular death , myocardial infarction , heart failure , or stroke .", "analysis was done by intention to treat .", "primary outcomes occurred in @ ( @ % ) patients in the nifedipine group and in @ ( @ % ) in the co-amilozide group ( @ vs @ events per @ patient-years ; relative risk @ [ @ % ci @-@ @ ] , p = @ ) .", "overall mean blood pressure fell from @/@ mm hg ( sd @/@ ) to @/@ mm hg ( @/@ ) .", "there was an @ % excess of withdrawals from the nifedipine group because of peripheral oedema ( @ vs @ , p < @ ) , but serious adverse events were more frequent in the co-amilozide group ( @ vs @ , p = @ ) .", "deaths were mainly non-vascular ( nifedipine @ vs co-amilozide @ ; p = @ ) .", "@ % of the primary events occurred in patients receiving randomised treatment ( @ nifedipine , @ co-amilozide , difference @ % [ -@ to @ ] ) .", "nifedipine once daily and co-amilozide were equally effective in preventing overall cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications .", "the choice of drug can be decided by tolerability and blood-pressure response rather than long-term safety or efficacy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare in a randomized study the efficacy and the toxicity of the new who intravenous quinine treatment of cerebral malaria including a loading dose regimen to a regimen without loading dose .", "seventy-two children eight months to @ years of age with cerebral malaria were included .", "quinine formiate was administered to a group of @ patients in an initial loading dose of @ mg salt/kg ( equivalent to @ mg/kg of the base ) in @ ml/kg of @ % glucose over four hours , followed eight hours later by a maintenance dose quinine of @ mg salt/kg ( equivalent to @ mg/kg of the base ) dissolved in @ ml/kg of @ % glucose over and every @ hours .", "the second group of @ patients received intravenous quinine @ mg salt/kg ( @ mg of base ) dissolved in @ ml/kg of @ % glucose infused over @ to @ hours , every @ hours .", "in both groups this treatment was continued until the patient could swallow , then quinine tablets were given to complete seven days treatment .", "the assessment of cardiovascular side effects was made by an ecg at admission , the @th hour , the @th hour and at the end of treatment for each patient .", "coma mean durations were similar in the two groups : @ + / - @ hours and @ + / - @ hours respectively for the loading dose group and the group without loading dose .", "the two groups were comparable also for the decrease evolution of parasitemia .", "case-fatality rates were also similar : @ % of healing at the @nd hour and a lethality rate between @ and @ % in the two groups .", "but a significant increase of the body temperature was noted between the @st and the @rd hour in the group without loading dose .", "no significant cardiovascular toxicity was noticed in the two groups .", "the mean cost of the loading dose regimen was less than that of the second regimen .", "the loading dose regimen of quinine is well tolerated and it seemed slightly more effective than the regimen without loading dose .", "in cases of contra-indications ( patients who recently received quinine , mefloquine or halofantrine ) , regimens without loading dose , which remains effective , should be used ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate whether image quality in storage phosphor urography can be maintained when the x-ray tube voltage is significantly lowered to give a lower patient dose .", "initial phantom studies were used to establish exposure settings at @ kv that gave signal-to-noise ratios for contrast media structures equivalent to those obtained at the reference kilovoltage of @ kv .", "dose area product and image quality , assessed by image quality criteria and visual grading , were then recorded for @ patients drawn at random to be examined by either the standard or modified technique .", "absorbed dose could be reduced by more than @ % without any significant change in image quality in manually controlled exposures and by @ % in exposures controlled by aec .", "it might be possible to lower the tube voltage in digital examinations involving contrast media as a means of lowering patient dose .", "the image display parameters need to be adjusted to maintain image quality ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate , in primary health care , differentiated levels of prevention directed at skin cancer , and how the propensity of the patients to change sun habits/sun protection behaviour and attitudes towards sunbathing were affected , three years after intervention .", "additionally , the impact of the performance of a phototest as a complementary tool for prevention was evaluated .", "randomized controlled study .", "setting and subjects .", "during three weeks in february , all patients @ years of age registering at a primary health care centre in southern sweden were asked to fill in a questionnaire mapping sun exposure habits , attitudes towards sunbathing , and readiness to increase sun protection according to the transtheoretical model of behaviour change ( ttm ) ( n = @ ) .", "they were randomized into three intervention groups , for which sun protection advice was given , in group @ by means of a letter , and in groups @ and @ orally during a personal gp consultation .", "group @ also underwent a phototest to demonstrate individual skin uv sensitivity .", "change of sun habits/sun protection behaviour and attitudes , measured by five-point likert scale scores and readiness to increase sun protection according to the ttm , three years after intervention , by a repeated questionnaire .", "in the letter group , almost no improvement in sun protection occurred .", "in the two doctor 's consultation groups , significantly increased sun protection was demonstrated for several items , but the difference compared with the letter group was significant only for sunscreen use .", "the performance of a phototest did not appear to reinforce the impact of intervention .", "sun protection advice , mediated personally by the gp during a doctor 's consultation , can lead to improvement in sun protection over a prolonged time period ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hyperuricemia of gout can arise due to either overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid .", "not all available urate-lowering therapies are equally effective and safe for use in patients with renal disease .", "the objective of this post-hoc analysis was to determine the effectiveness of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat in reducing serum urate ( sua ) levels in gouty patients who were either overproducers or underexcretors .", "gouty subjects @ to @ years of age with sua @ mg/dl at baseline were enrolled in a phase @ , @-day , multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial and randomized to receive febuxostat @ mg , @ mg , or @ mg daily , or placebo .", "the primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of subjects with sua < @ mg/dl at day @ .", "secondary efficacy endpoints included percentage reductions in sua and urinary uric acid ( uua ) from baseline to day @ .", "of the @ subjects , @ ( @ % ) were underexcretors ( uua @ mg/@ h ) and @ ( @ % ) were overproducers ( uua > @ mg/@ h ) ; baseline uua data were missing for @ subjects .", "treatment with febuxostat led to the majority of subjects achieving sua < @ mg/dl at day @ .", "treatment with any dose of febuxostat led to significantly greater percentage reductions in uua than that observed in the placebo group , for both underexcretors and overproducers .", "febuxostat is a highly efficacious urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout regardless of overproduction or underexcretion status ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "our aim was to estimate the costs and health benefits of routinely administered postoperative amiodarone as a prophylactic agent in reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer .", "this was a cost-effectiveness study , based on the randomized , controlled , double-blinded pascart study , using avoidance of atrial fibrillation as the measure of benefit .", "two hundred and fifty-four eligible , consecutively enrolled patients , undergoing surgery for lung cancer at the department of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery , aarhus university hospital , denmark , were included and randomized to receive either @ mg of amiodarone or placebo ( @ % aqueous dextrose solution ) , administered intravenously over @ min immediately after surgery , followed by @ mg of amiodarone/placebo orally twice per day ( @ a.m. and @ p.m. ) for the first five postoperative days .", "in the amiodarone group there were @ cases of atrial fibrillation , compared with @ in the control group ( p < @ ) .", "there were no differences in the length of hospital stay or resources used .", "the mean total costs per patient were equal and amounted to @ per patient ( p = @ ) .", "there were no signs of adverse developments referable to amiodarone in this prophylactic regime .", "for patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer , routine use of postoperative prophylactic intravenous bolus and five subsequent days of oral amiodarone therapy reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation in a cost-neutral manner ." ]

[ "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although ultrasound therapy is used to treat calcific tendinitis of the shoulder , its efficacy has not been rigorously evaluated .", "we conducted a randomized , double-blind comparison of ultrasonography and sham insonation in patients with symptomatic calcific tendinitis verified by radiography .", "patients were assigned to receive @ @-minute sessions of either pulsed ultrasound ( frequency , @ mhz ; intensity , @ w per square centimeter ; pulsed mode , @:@ ) or an indistinguishable sham treatment to the area over the calcification .", "the first @ treatments were given daily ( five times per week ) , and the remainder were given three times a week for three weeks .", "randomization was conducted according to shoulders rather than patients , so a patient with bilateral tendinitis might receive either or both therapies .", "we enrolled @ consecutive patients ( @ shoulders ) .", "fifty-four patients ( @ shoulders ) completed the study .", "there were @ shoulders in the ultrasound-treatment group and @ in the sham-treatment group .", "after six weeks of treatment , calcium deposits had resolved in six shoulders ( @ percent ) in the ultrasound-treatment group and decreased by at least @ percent in nine shoulders ( @ percent ) , as compared with respective values of zero and three ( @ percent ) in the sham-treatment group ( p = @ ) .", "at the nine-month follow-up visit , calcium deposits had resolved in @ shoulders ( @ percent ) in the ultrasound-treatment group and improved in @ shoulders ( @ percent ) , as compared with respective values of @ ( @ percent ) and @ ( @ percent ) in the sham-treatment group ( p = @ ) .", "at the end of treatment , patients who had received ultrasound treatment had greater decreases in pain and greater improvements in the quality of life than those who had received sham treatment ; at nine months , the differences between the groups were no longer significant .", "in patients with symptomatic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder , ultrasound treatment helps resolve calcifications and is associated with short-term clinical improvement ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "although botulinum toxin a is frequently used to augment serial casting in the treatment of soft-tissue contractures in children with cerebral palsy , its effectiveness for this purpose has not been evaluated .", "the purpose of the present study was to determine whether botulinum toxin a injection increases the efficacy of serial casting .", "a prospective , randomized trial was undertaken to compare serial casting only with serial casting combined with botulinum toxin a ( botox ) injection for the treatment of ankle equinus contractures in twenty-three children with cerebral palsy .", "range-of-motion testing , spasticity assessment , and computerized gait analysis were performed as long as twelve months after treatment .", "there was no difference between the groups with regard to the duration of casting required to correct the equinus contracture .", "both groups maintained a significant improvement in passive ankle dorsiflexion throughout the follow-up period , although the group managed with casting and botox had a significant loss of dorsiflexion when the values at six , nine , and twelve months were compared with the value at three months .", "peak dorsiflexion during the stance and swing phases was significantly improved in both groups at three months but only in the group managed with casting alone at twelve months .", "plantar flexor spasticity was significantly decreased at three months in both groups , but it was significantly decreased at six , nine , and twelve months only in the group managed with casting alone .", "spasticity was significantly greater in the group managed with casting and botox than it was in the group managed with casting only at six , nine , and twelve months .", "the present study demonstrates the efficacy of serial casting in the treatment of equinus contractures in children with cerebral palsy who are able to walk .", "contrary to our hypothesis , the addition of botulinum toxin a to a serial casting regimen led to earlier recurrence of spasticity , contracture , and equinus during gait .", "the results of the present study suggest that botulinum toxin combined with serial casting for the treatment of fixed contractures will lead to a recurrence of plantar flexor spasticity and equinus contracture by six months in this patient population .", "while previous research has indicated that the injection of botulinum toxin a is superior to casting for the treatment of dynamic equinus , the present study suggests that serial casting alone is preferable for the treatment of fixed equinus contractures in children with cerebral palsy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the goal of this study was to determine stimulant effects on story grammar , comprehension , and errors in the narratives of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) with and without comorbid language impairment .", "previous research has demonstrated impairments in the narrative abilities of children with adhd , but the effect of the primary treatment modality ( methylphenidate ) is unknown .", "fifty children with adhd ( @ to @ years of age ) were stratified for language impairment that might influence performance .", "in an acute , randomized , placebo-controlled crossover trial with two single doses ( @ and @ mg ) of methylphenidate , the children listened to an audiotaped story while viewing a wordless picture book of the study , then retold the story and answered comprehension questions .", "the narratives were transcribed and coded for story grammar , length , and errors .", "methylphenidate only increased children 's reporting of the story characters ' internal responses and attempts .", "it had no effect on story length or responses to comprehension questions .", "responses to the factual questions were significantly more accurate than the inferential questions , irrespective of medication dose .", "comorbid language impairment had no effect on performance or stimulant response .", "story grammar analysis was sensitive to drug effects , which were subtle but specific and clinically meaningful .", "results provide evidence for the theoretical linkage between internal responses and attempts ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to examine the effects of aerobic exercise or vitamin b supplementation on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment ( mci ) .", "randomised placebo-controlled trial .", "general community .", "community-dwelling adults aged @-@ with mci .", "interventions : the @ participants were randomly assigned to two", "( @ ) a twice-weekly , group-based , moderate-intensity walking programme ( wp , n = @ ) or a low-intensity placebo activity programme ( n = @ ) for one year ; and ( @ ) daily vitamin pill containing @ mg folic acid , @ mg vitamin b-@ , @ mg vitamin b-@ ( fa/b@/b@ , n = @ ) or placebo pill ( n = @ ) for one year .", "cognitive function , measured with neuropsychological tests at baseline and after six and @ months .", "median session attendance at the exercise programmes ( @th-@th percentile ) was @ % ( @ % -@ % ) and median compliance with taking pills ( @th-@th percentile ) was @ % ( @ % -@ % ) .", "gender was an effect modifier .", "intention-to-treat analysis revealed no main intervention effect for either intervention .", "in women in the wp , attention ( stroop combination task ) improved by @ seconds ( p = @ ) and memory ( auditory verbal learning test ) by @ words ( p = @ ) with each percentage increase in session attendance .", "in men attending at least @ % of the sessions , the wp improved memory ( beta @ ( @ % ci : @ to @ ) words ) .", "the walking programme and/or fa/b@/b@ supplementation were not effective in improving cognition within one year .", "the walking programme , however , was efficacious in improving memory in men and memory and attention in women with better adherence .", "international standard randomised controlled trial number register , @ , http://www.controlled-trials.com/isrctn/" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine whether intraocular lidocaine increases patient comfort during cataract surgery while under topical anesthesia .", "prospective , randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled clinical trial .", "both men and women between @ and @ years of age who were scheduled for elective cataract surgery while under topical anesthesia participated .", "sixty-eight patients were randomized to each group .", "patients were randomized to receive either topical anesthesia plus intracameral @ % preservative-free lidocaine or intracameral balanced salt solution .", "patient assessment of pain during delivery of the anesthesia , surgery , and after surgery using a visual analog pain scale was measured .", "patients also recorded the degree to which they were bothered by tissue manipulation and the microscope light .", "surgeon assessments of operative conditions , patient cooperation , and intraoperative complications were recorded .", "the attending anesthesiologist recorded any required supplemental intravenous sedation and any increase in pulse or increase in blood pressure .", "there was no significant difference in patient-reported pain scores for delivery of anesthesia ( p = @ ) , surgery ( p = @ ) , or after surgery ( p = @ ) .", "patients in the lidocaine group reported being less bothered by tissue manipulation ( p = @ ) .", "the surgeon assessment showed more patient cooperation in the lidocaine group ( p = @ ) .", "both topical anesthesia alone and topical anesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine provide good operative conditions for the surgeon and comfortable surgical circumstances for the patient .", "injection of intraocular lidocaine increases patient cooperation and decreases the degree to which patients are bothered by tissue manipulation , two outcomes that justify its use ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this double-blind randomised vaccine-controlled trial was to assess the efficacy of a conjugate vaccine composed of shigella sonnei o-specific polysaccharide bound to pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein a ( s sonnei-repa ) and of an oral , live-attenuated escherichia coli/s flexneri @a ( ecsf@a-@ ) hybrid vaccine among military recruits in israel at high risk of exposure to shigella spp .", "we report here our preliminary findings on the efficacy of s sonnei-repa ; we have not documented sufficient cases to assess the efficacy of ecsf@a-@ .", "between april , @ , and august , @ , male israeli military recruits aged @-@ years were asked to take part in our study .", "we enrolled @ soldiers from seven separate field sites ( groups a-g ) .", "soldiers were randomly allocated one injection of s sonnei-repa and four doses of oral placebo ( n = @ ) , four oral doses of ecsf@a-@ and one injection of saline placebo ( n = @ ) , or one injection of meningococcal tetravalent control vaccine and four doses of oral placebo ( n = @ ) .", "because there were no cases of s flexneri @a , the ecsf@a-@ and meningococcal vaccines were the control group .", "we defined s sonnei shigellosis as diarrhoea with a positive faecal culture for s sonnei .", "each group of soldiers was followed up for @-@ @ months .", "the primary endpoint was protective efficacy of s sonnei-repa against s sonnei shigellosis .", "cases of culture-proven s sonnei shigellosis occurred in four groups of soldiers ( groups a-d ) , which comprised @ volunteers ( @ received s sonnei-repa , @ received ecsf@a-@ , and @ received meningococcal control vaccine ) .", "in groups a-c , cases of shigellosis occurred @-@ days after vaccination , whereas in group d cases occurred after @-@ days .", "in groups a-c , the attack rate of shigellosis was @ % in recipients of s sonnei-repa compared with @ % in controls ( protective efficacy @ % [ @ % ci @-@ ] , p = @ ) .", "s sonnei-repa also showed significant protection against shigellosis in group d ( @ % [ @-@ ] , p = @ ) .", "prevaccination and postvaccination elisa measurements of antibody to s sonnei lipopolysaccharide among recipients of s sonnei-repa showed that the vaccinees who developed s sonnei shigellosis had significantly lower serum igg and iga responses to the homologous lipopolysaccharide than those who did not ( p = < @ ) .", "one injection of s sonnei-repa confers type-specific protection against s sonnei shigellosis .", "the high antibody concentration induced by the conjugate vaccine in volunteers who did not develop shigellosis suggests that there is an association between serum antibody titre and protection ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effectiveness of goserelin and danazol prior to endometrial laser ablation and assess different dosage regimens .", "a prospective open randomised trial .", "specialist unit in minimal access gynaecological surgery in a district general hospital .", "one hundred and sixty premenopausal women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding .", "randomisation into four groups receiving either one or two injections of goserelin acetate ( @ mg subcutaneously ) or @ or @ days of danazol ( four @ mg tablets daily ) , followed by endometrial laser ablation .", "endometrial thickness pretreatment and , immediately prior to endometrial laser ablation , assessed by vaginal ultrasound and full thickness endometrial biopsy ; appearance of the endometrium at surgery ; duration of the operation ; the amount of fluid absorbed during surgery ; and the clinical outcome at @ weeks after surgery .", "the two drugs were equally effective in thinning the endometrium .", "compared with danazol , goserelin was better tolerated and resulted in a more satisfactory endometrial appearance at hysteroscopy , a greater reduction in cavity length ( @ cm compared with @ cm , p = @ ) , a shorter operation ( @ min compared with @ min , p < @ ) , less fluid absorption ( @ ml compared with @ ml , p = @ ) , and a higher rate of amenorrhoea or oligoamenorrhoea ( @ % compared with @ % , p < @ ) at the six month check .", "the administration of goserelin for @ weeks compared with @ weeks produced greater thinning of the endometrium on ultrasound and on histological examination , a greater reduction in cavity length on ultrasound and an increase in reported vasomotor symptoms .", "in both treatment regimens , @ % of women reported a satisfactory reduction in menstrual flow at the six month check .", "goserelin appears to be more effective and better tolerated than danazol for treatment prior to endometrial laser ablation .", "eight weeks treatment with goserelin resulted in better operating conditions and more vasomotor side effect , compared with four weeks treatment , although there was no difference in clinical outcome ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "chronic heart failure ( chf ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality that requires a novel approach to therapy .", "perhexiline is an antianginal drug that augments glucose metabolism by blocking muscle mitochondrial free fatty acid uptake , thereby increasing metabolic efficiency .", "we assessed the effects of perhexiline treatment in chf patients .", "in a double-blind fashion , we randomly assigned patients with optimally medicated chf to either perhexiline ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) .", "the primary end point was peak exercise oxygen consumption ( vo@max ) , an important prognostic marker .", "in addition , the effect of perhexiline on myocardial function and quality of life was assessed .", "quantitative stress echocardiography with tissue doppler measurements was used to assess regional myocardial function in patients with ischemic chf .", "@p magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess the effect of perhexiline on skeletal muscle energetics in patients with nonischemic chf .", "treatment with perhexiline led to significant improvements in vo@max ( @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ ml .", "kg ( -@ ) .", "min ( -@ ) ; p < @ ) , quality of life ( minnesota score reduction from @ + / -@ to @ + / -@ ; p = @ ) , and left ventricular ejection fraction ( @ + / -@ % to @ + / -@ % ; p < @ ) .", "perhexiline treatment also increased resting and peak dobutamine stress regional myocardial function ( by @ % and @ % , respectively ) and normalized skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery after exercise .", "there were no adverse effects during the treatment period .", "in patients with chf , metabolic modulation with perhexiline improved vo@max , left ventricular ejection fraction , symptoms , resting and peak stress myocardial function , and skeletal muscle energetics .", "perhexiline may therefore represent a novel treatment for chf with a good safety profile , provided that the dosage is adjusted according to plasma levels ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "evidence for beneficial effects of squalene on ultraviolet ( uv ) - induced photoageing of the skin is lacking .", "to investigate whether squalene supplementation improves signs and molecular markers of photoageing in human skin in vivo .", "in total , @ female volunteers aged > @ years received two different doses [ @ g/day ( low-dose group ) and @ g/day ( high-dose group ) ] of squalene for @ days .", "at baseline and at the completion of the study , facial wrinkles were measured using skin replicas .", "skin samples were taken to compare type i procollagen and matrix metalloproteinase @ mrna levels by real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr , and for type i procollagen immunostaining .", "skin samples were also taken @ h after @ x minimal erythema dose ( med ) of uv irradiation before and after squalene intake to assess uv-induced thymine dimer formation and keratinocytic apoptosis .", "in total , @ subjects completed the trial .", "transient loose stool was experienced by @ % of volunteers in the low-dose group and @ % in the high-dose group .", "facial wrinkles decreased significantly ( p < @ ) in the high-dose group , while procollagen type i mrna levels and med increased significantly in the low-dose group .", "procollagen immunostaining tended to increase in both groups .", "facial erythema decreased and pigmentation increased significantly in both groups .", "uv-induced keratinocytic apoptosis and thymine dimer staining were substantially reduced in both groups .", "daily ingestion of @ or @ g of squalene per day resulted in antiageing effects in photoaged skin .", "however , in view of the frequent incidence of loose stool experienced by the subjects , the risk-benefit ratio of high-dose squalene supplementation is too high to recommend it for treating skin ageing ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to determine the impact of ranibizumab on driving status , driving ability perception , and having @/@ vision or better in patients with choroidal neovascularization resulting from age-related macular degeneration ( amd ) .", "phase iii , multicenter , randomized clinical trials ( minimally classic/occult trial of the anti-vegf antibody ranibizumab in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration [ marina ] and anti-vegf antibody for the treatment of predominantly classic choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration [ anchor ] ) .", "one thousand one hundred twenty-six patients with choroidal neovascularization resulting from amd .", "participants were assigned randomly to sham ( n = @ ) , @-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = @ ) , or @-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = @ ) for @ months ( marina ) , or were randomized to verteporfin photodynamic therapy ( pdt ; n = @ ) , @-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = @ ) , or @-mg ranibizumab monthly injections ( n = @ ) for @ months ( anchor ) .", "self-reported driving status and driving ability perception were assessed as exploratory outcomes at baseline through @ months after baseline using the @-item national eye institute visual function questionnaire .", "best-corrected visual acuity in each eye was assessed monthly through @ months .", "at baseline , @ % of patients in the marina trial and @ % of patients in the anchor trial reported driving .", "among patients driving at baseline in the marina trial @ years after randomization , @ % ( @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @-@ @ ) of sham patients and @ % ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) of @-mg patients reported that they were still driving .", "among patients driving at baseline in the anchor trial at @ years after randomization , @ % ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) of pdt patients and @ % ( @ % ci , @-@ @ ) of @-mg patients were still driving .", "also in the anchor trial , ranibizumab-treated patients who were not driving at baseline seemed more likely to drive by months @ and @ than pdt patients .", "perception of driving ability was correlated with improvement in visual acuity ( va ) in the better-seeing eye at @ and @ months ( r@ = @ and r@ = @ at @ and @ months , respectively [ p < @ ] , in the marina trial ; r@ = @ and r@ = @ , respectively [ p < @ ] , in the anchor trial ) .", "visual acuity in one or both eyes @ years after randomization was more likely to be @/@ or better in the ranibizumab-treated groups .", "these results suggest that patients with neovascular amd treated with ranibizumab are more likely to report driving ability and have vision of at least @/@ than patients given sham treatment or pdt .", "proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "more than @ million u.s. women receive an equivocal cervical cytologic diagnosis ( atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ ascus ] ) each year .", "effective colposcopy triage strategies are needed to identify the minority of women who have clinically significant disease while avoiding excessive follow-up evaluation for others .", "the ascus/lsil ( i.e. , low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ) triage study ( alts ) is a multicenter , randomized trial comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the following three management strategies to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade @ ( cin@ ) : @ ) immediate colposcopy ( considered to be the reference standard ) , @ ) triage to colposcopy based on human papillomavirus ( hpv ) results from hybrid capture @ ( tm ) ( hc @ ) and thin-layer cytology results , or @ ) triage based on cytology results alone .", "this article summarizes the cross-sectional enrollment results for @ women with a referral diagnosis of ascus .", "all statistical tests are two-sided .", "among participants with ascus , the underlying prevalence of histologically confirmed cin@ was @ % .", "sensitivity to detect cin@ or above by testing for cancer-associated hpv dna was @ % ( @ % confidence interval [ ci ] = @ % to @ % ) , with @ % of women referred to colposcopy .", "sensitivity of a single repeat cytology specimen with a triage threshold of hsil or above was @ % ( @ % ci = @ % to @ % ) , with @ % referred .", "sensitivity of a lower cytology triage threshold of ascus or above was @ % ( @ % ci = @ % to @ % ) , with @ % referred .", "hc @ testing for cancer-associated hpv dna is a viable option in the management of women with ascus .", "it has greater sensitivity to detect cin@ or above and specificity comparable to a single additional cytologic test indicating ascus or above ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to test the effect of different periods of accelerated artificial daylight aging on bond strength of glass fiber bundles embedded into maxillofacial silicone elastomer and on bending strength of the glass fiber bundles .", "forty specimens were fabricated by embedding resin-impregnated fiber bundles ( @-mm diameter , @-mm long ) into maxillofacial silicone elastomer .", "specimens were randomly allocated into four groups , and each group was subjected to different periods of accelerated daylight aging as follows ( in hours ) ; @ , @ , @ , and @ .", "the aging cycle included continuous exposure to quartz-filtered visible daylight ( irradiance @ w/m ( @ ) ) under an alternating weathering cycle ( wet for @ minutes , dry for @ minutes ) .", "pull-out tests were performed to evaluate bond strength between fiber bundles and silicone using a universal testing machine at @ mm/min crosshead speed .", "also a three-point bending test was performed to evaluate bending strength of the fiber bundles .", "one-way anova and bonferroni post hoc tests were carried out to detect statistical significance ( p < @ ) .", "mean ( sd ) values of maximum pull-out forces ( in n ) for groups @ to @ were : @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) , and @ ( @ ) .", "group @ exhibited the highest pull-out force that was statistically significant when compared to the other groups .", "maximum bending strengths of fiber bundles were in the range of @ mpa to @ mpa .", "bending strength significantly increased after @ and @ hours of aging only .", "after @ hours of exposure to artificial daylight and moisture conditions , bond strength between glass fibers and heat-cured silicones is optimal , and the bending strength of the glass fiber bundles is enhanced ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "aids clinical trials group ( actg ) a@ compared the neurological and neuropsychological ( np ) effects of @ antiretroviral regimens in participants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type @ ( hiv-@ ) in resource-limited settings .", "participants from brazil , india , malawi , peru , south africa , thailand , and zimbabwe were randomized to @ antiretroviral treatment arms : a ( lamivudine-zidovudine plus efavirenz , n = @ ) , b ( atazanavir , emtricitabine , and didanosine-ec , n = @ ) , and c ( emtricitabine-tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate plus efavirenz , n = @ ) as part of the actg pearls study ( a@ ) .", "standardized neurological and neuropsychological ( np ) screening examinations ( grooved pegboard , timed gait , semantic verbal fluency , and finger tapping ) were administered every @ weeks from february @ to may @ .", "associations with neurological and neuropsychological function were estimated from linear and logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations .", "the median weeks on study was @ ( q@ = @ , q@ = @ ) for the @ participants .", "np test scores improved ( p < @ ) with the exception of semantic verbal fluency .", "no differences in neurological and neuropsychological functioning between treatment regimens were detected ( p > @ ) .", "significant country effects were noted on all np tests and neurological outcomes ( p < @ ) .", "the study detected no significant differences in neuropsychological and neurological outcomes between randomized art regimens .", "significant improvement occurred in neurocognitive and neurological functioning over time after initiation of arts .", "the etiology of these improvements is likely multifactorial , reflecting reduced central nervous system hiv infection , better general health , and practice effects .", "this study suggests that treatment with either of the world health organization - recommended first-line antiretroviral regimens in resource-limited settings will improve neuropsychological functioning and reduce neurological dysfunction .", "nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "sedative drugs are generally given to patients undergoing colonoscopy .", "however , the benefit of routinely administered conscious sedation for colonoscopy has not been studied in adequately controlled trials .", "we randomly assigned @ patients scheduled for diagnostic colonoscopy into @ groups : ( @ ) sedation with intravenous midazolam ( midazolam group ) ; ( @ ) sedation with intravenous saline ( placebo group ) ; and ( @ ) no intravenous cannula ( control group ) .", "the endoscopist assessed the procedure immediately after the examination .", "the patients completed a questionnaire before leaving the endoscopy unit .", "another questionnaire was sent to the patients @ weeks after the examination .", "answers were mainly given on a @ mm visual analog scale .", "shortly after the procedure , the patients in the midazolam group rated the examination less difficult than those in the placebo group ( @ vs. @ mm ; p < @ ; visual analog scale , @ to @ mm : @ = not at all , @ = extremely ) .", "however , no significant difference was found between midazolam and control groups ( @ vs. @ mm , respectively ) .", "otherwise , there were no differences between the three groups with respect to the patients ' or endoscopists ' assessments or the examination time .", "routinely administered sedation does not markedly increase patient tolerance or make colonoscopy technically easier ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of tofogliflozin in japanese patients with type @ diabetes as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents , we conducted @-week , open-label , randomized controlled trials .", "the single-agent trial included patients with inadequate glycemic control on diet and exercise , whereas the add-on trial included those uncontrolled with any of the oral antidiabetic agents .", "in both trials , patients were randomly assigned to receive tofogliflozin @ or @ mg once daily orally for @ weeks .", "safety assessments .", "a total of @ patients ( @ , @-mg group ; @ , @-mg group ) were enrolled into the single-agent trial , whereas @ ( @ and @ , respectively ) were enrolled into the add-on trial .", "tofogliflozin was well tolerated for @ weeks in both trials with < @ % of treatment discontinuation because of adverse events in each treatment group .", "it also reduced hemoglobin a@c .", "in the single-agent trial , mean reductions at @ weeks were @ and @ % in the @ - and @-mg groups , respectively .", "in the add-on trial , mean reductions ranged from @ to @ % across the subgroups by dose and background therapy .", "tofogliflozin was well tolerated and showed sustained efficacy in both trials ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "maintaining dose-intensity with chemotherapeutic agents is hindered by a number of adverse effects including asthenia/fatigue .", "tumor necrosis factor ( tnf ) is one of the cytokines responsible for the fatigue and cachexia associated with malignancies .", "we used etanercept ( tnf-decoy receptor ) to maintain dose-intensity of weekly docetaxel .", "initially , @ patients with advanced malignancies were randomly assigned to either docetaxel @ mg/m@ weekly alone ( cohort a ) or the same docetaxel dose plus etanercept @ mg subcutaneously twice weekly ( cohort b ) .", "subsequently , higher doses of docetaxel in combination with etanercept were evaluated .", "pharmacokinetics ( pks ) , nuclear factor-kappa b ( nf-kappab ) activation , and intracellular cytokines levels were measured .", "patients completed weekly questionnaires quantifying asthenia/fatigue .", "twenty-nine of @ intended docetaxel doses during the first cycle were delivered in cohort a , and @ of @ doses were delivered in cohort b ( p = @ ) .", "three cohort b patients received additional cycles in the absence of disease progression or severe toxicity , whereas no patients from cohort a received additional cycles .", "escalation to docetaxel @ mg/m@ weekly with etanercept resulted in neutropenia , not fatigue , as the limiting adverse effect , and the addition of filgrastim permitted the maintenance of dose-intensity in additional patients .", "patients randomly selected to receive etanercept/docetaxel self-reported less fatigue ( p < @ ) , and docetaxel pks show no relevant influence of etanercept .", "nf-kappab activation and increased expression of tnf-alpha were associated with increments in docetaxel dose .", "antitumor activity was noticed exclusively in patients receiving etanercept .", "the addition of etanercept is safe and had no impact on docetaxel concentrations .", "the significant improvement in tolerability and the trend toward preservation of dose-intensity suggests further exploration of tnf blockade as an adjunct to cancer therapies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the efficacy of an emulsion containing hyaluronic acid to reduce the development of grade @ radiation dermatitis after adjuvant breast radiation compared with best supportive care .", "women with breast cancer who had undergone lumpectomy and were to receive whole-breast radiotherapy to @ gy with a @ - to @-gy surgical bed boost were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of a hyaluronic acid-based gel ( radiaplex ) and a petrolatum-based gel ( aquaphor ) for preventing the development of dermatitis .", "each patient was randomly assigned to use hyaluronic acid gel on the medial half or the lateral half of the irradiated breast and to use the control gel on the other half .", "dermatitis was graded weekly according to the common terminology criteria v@ @ by the treating physician , who was blinded as to which gel was used on which area of the breast .", "the primary endpoint was development of grade @ dermatitis .", "the study closed early on the basis of a recommendation from the data and safety monitoring board after @ of the planned @ patients were enrolled .", "breast skin treated with the hyaluronic acid gel developed a significantly higher rate of grade @ dermatitis than did skin treated with petrolatum gel : @ % ( @/@ ) vs. @ % ( @/@ ) ( p = @ ) .", "only one patient developed grade @ dermatitis using either gel .", "a higher proportion of patients had worse dermatitis in the breast segment treated with hyaluronic acid gel than in that treated with petrolatum gel at the end of radiotherapy ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "we found no benefit from the use of a topical hyaluronic acid-based gel for reducing the development of grade @ dermatitis after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer .", "additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid-based gel in controlling radiation dermatitis symptoms after they develop ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the effect of stress dose glucocorticoid on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) combined with critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency ( circi ) .", "all early ards patients combined with circi were screened by an adrenal corticotrophic hormone ( acth ) test and randomly divided into treatment group ( hydrocortisone @ mg intravenous , @ times/day , consecutively for @ days , n = @ ) and control group ( equivalent normal saline , n = @ ) .", "general clinical data , changes of arterial blood gas , hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics were observed and recorded at admission and at @ days after treatment .", "ventilator-free and shock-free days , icu stay within @ days after admission were recorded and @-day mortality was used as judge prognosis index .", "circi rate in @ early ards patients was @ % ( @ patients ) , and the shock rate was markedly higher in ards patients with circi than patients without circi ( @ % vs @/@ ) .", "there were no significant differences in baseline parameters , oxygenation and illness severity between the treatment and control groups , except for markedly lower lactic level in the treatment group [ @ ( @ , @ ) mmol/l vs @ ( @ , @ ) mmol/l , p < @ ] .", "after @ days of treatment , pao@/fio@ markedly increased , while heart rate obviously decreased in the both groups .", "compared with the control group , survival time of patients was significantly longer and shock rate of the patients was markedly lower in treatment group within @ days ( @/@ vs @/@ , p < @ ) .", "the @-day mortality , which were adjusted by baseline arterial lactic , was lower in the treatment group ( @ / @ ) than in the control group ( @ / @ ) while with no significant difference ( p > @ ) .", "there was no significant difference in complication incidence between the two groups .", "stress dose glucocorticoid could reduce shock incidence and prolong survival time , and has a tendency of lower @-day mortality in early ards patients combined with circi ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "hip fracture is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people , for whom osteoporosis , the risk of falling and direct trauma to the hip during the fall are the major risk factors .", "external hip protectors have been developed which reduce the risk of hip fracture after a fall .", "however , compliance with their use is uncertain .", "we addressed this issue in a sample of elderly dorset rest home residents over a @-month period .", "@ rest homes agreed to participate .", "of the @ female subjects approached , @ gave their informed consent and @ were allocated to the intervention arm of the study .", "their ages ranged from @ to @ years , and @ % reported a fall during the preceding @ months .", "each subject was fitted with three pairs of protector pads ( sahvatex , denmark ) sewn into specially designed undergarments .", "randomly timed fortnightly visits were made to each subject to assess compliance for @ weeks .", "@ subjects were compliant for the whole study period ; @ wore the protector pads for less than a week , largely for reasons of poor fitting or discomfort ; the remainder withdrew at varying intervals between @ and @ weeks .", "during the study period , there were nine recorded falls onto the hip , six of which occurred in women wearing protectors .", "none resulted in hip fracture .", "approximately @ % of elderly rest home residents who are mentally able would wear hip protectors in order to prevent hip fractures .", "long-term compliance drops to about @ % .", "compliance could be increased substantially if the pads and undergarments were modified to enhance their fit and to reduce the discomfort associated with their use ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the mechanism by which @ % unoprostone isopropyl reduces intraocular pressure ( iop ) by studying @ patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma .", "at baseline , iop was determined by pneumatonometry , aqueous flow and outflow facility by fluorophotometry , episcleral venous pressure by venomanometry , and uveoscleral outflow by mathematical calculation .", "unoprostone was administered to one eye and placebo to the fellow eye of each patient twice daily in a randomized masked fashion .", "in patients who demonstrated an iop reduction of @ mm hg or more in either eye on day @ + / - @ ( n = @ ) , determinations were repeated on that day and on day @ + / - @ .", "treated eyes were compared with control eyes , and treatment days were compared with baseline by paired t tests .", "compared with baseline , unoprostone significantly ( p < @ ) reduced iop by a mean + / - sem of @ + / - @ mm hg and @ + / - @ mm hg on days @ and @ , respectively .", "the change from baseline with unoprostone was significantly ( p < @ ) greater than with placebo by @ + / - @ mm hg on day @ and by @ + / - @ mm hg on day @ .", "compared with baseline , unoprostone significantly ( p < / = @ ) increased outflow facility by @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ microl.min ( -@ ) .", "mm hg ( -@ ) on days @ and @ , respectively .", "the baseline-adjusted between-treatment differences were significant ( p < / = @ ) on day @ ( @ + / - @ microl.min ( -@ ) .", "mm hg ( -@ ) ) .", "other measures were not different from placebo .", "in responsive patients , unoprostone decreased iop by increasing outflow facility ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "kinins are vasoactive mediators involved in allergic reactions .", "when applied on the skin or in the nose , bradykinin ( bk ) elicits inflammation that is poorly affected by previous h@-blockade .", "the aim of this study was to compare the possible effect of cetirizine ( an h@-antagonist ) on wheal and flare responses to bk , histamine , and compound @/@ in atopic and healthy subjects .", "in a randomized , double-blind , crossover study , eight atopic and eight healthy subjects received cetirizine ( @ mg/day ) or placebo for @ days before cutaneous tests .", "intradermal tests ( idt ) and prick tests ( pt ) were performed with bk ( @ nmol/ml for idt and @ micromol/ml for pt ) , histamine ( @ microg/ml idt and @ mg/ml pt ) , and compound @/@ ( @ microg/ml idt and @ mg/ml pt ) as positive controls and saline as negative control .", "the skin responses were monitored by measurement of wheal and flare areas .", "bk , histamine , and @/@ induced wheal and flare reactions in all placebo-treated subjects .", "histamine elicited larger wheal and flare reactions than bk and @/@ .", "idt with bk induced four - to six-fold larger wheal and flare reaction than pt .", "no differences in bk-induced wheal and flare were observed between atopic and healthy subjects .", "in atopic subjects , cetirizine induced a significant reduction of flare reactions after the bk test ( @ % for idt , and @ % for pt [ p < @ ] ) .", "moreover , cetirizine reduced significantly bk-induced wheals by @ % for idt ( p < @ ) and @ % for pt ( p < @ ) .", "a similar inhibiting effect of cetirizine was also observed in healthy subjects .", "these findings showed that the wheal and flare reactions induced by bk challenge were markedly inhibited by previous intake of cetirizine .", "the mechanism by which this effect is mediated can not be established at present ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "this study compared efficacy and safety of the selective relaxant binding agent sugammadex ( @mg/kg ) with neostigmine ( @g/kg ) for neuromuscular blockade ( nmb ) reversal in chinese and caucasian subjects .", "this was a randomized , active-controlled , multicenter , safety-assessor-blinded study ( nct@ ) in american society of anesthesiologists class @-@ subjects undergoing surgery with propofol anesthesia .", "rocuronium @ mg/kg was administered for endotracheal intubation , with @-@ @ mg/kg maintenance doses given as required .", "nmb was monitored using tof-watch ( ) sx .", "at second twitch reappearance , after last rocuronium dose , subjects received sugammadex @mg/kg or neostigmine @g/kg plus atropine @-@g / kg , according to randomization .", "primary efficacy variable was time from sugammadex/neostigmine to recovery of the train-of-four ( tof ) ratio to @ .", "overall , @ chinese subjects ( sugammadex , n = @ , neostigmine , n = @ ) ; and @ caucasian subjects ( sugammadex , n = @ , neostigmine , n = @ ) had evaluable data .", "geometric mean ( @ % ci ) time to recovery to tof ratio @ was @ ( @-@ @ ) min with sugammadex vs @ ( @-@ @ ) min with neostigmine in chinese subjects .", "corresponding times for caucasian subjects were @ ( @-@ @ ) min and @ ( @-@ @ ) min , respectively .", "sugammadex @mg/kg was generally well tolerated , with no serious adverse events reported .", "there was no residual nmb or recurrence of nmb .", "both chinese and caucasian subjects recovered from nmb significantly faster after sugammadex @mg/kg vs neostigmine @g/kg , with a ~ @ times ( p < @ ) faster recovery with sugammadex vs neostigmine in chinese subjects .", "sugammadex was generally well tolerated .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "patients with major depressive disorder ( mdd ) and significant anxiety are less responsive to antidepressants than those without anxiety .", "in this post hoc analysis of patients with insomnia and comorbid anxious depression , eszopiclone cotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( ssri ) was compared with placebo cotherapy .", "data were pooled from @ randomized , double-blind , @-week trials .", "one trial ( conducted from january @ to october @ ) included patients with dsm-iv insomnia and comorbid mdd treated with fluoxetine concurrently with eszopiclone @ mg/d or placebo .", "the other trial ( conducted from july @ to april @ ) included patients with dsm-iv-tr insomnia and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder treated with escitalopram concurrently with eszopiclone @ mg/d or placebo .", "anxious depression was defined as a baseline @-item hamilton depression rating scale ( hdrs-@ ) score @ ( excluding insomnia items ) and an anxiety/somatization factor score @ .", "treatment group differences were determined for mean changes in hdrs-@ scores ( with and without insomnia items ) , hdrs anxiety/somatization scores , and response and remission rates .", "severity of insomnia was assessed by the insomnia severity index ( isi ) .", "in the combined dataset , @ of @,@ patients ( @ % ) had insomnia and comorbid anxious depression .", "significant improvements in insomnia were observed for eszopiclone cotherapy relative to placebo cotherapy ( mean change from baseline on the isi : -@ vs -@ , respectively ; p < @ ) .", "there were greater reductions in hdrs-@ scores at week @ following cotherapy with eszopiclone compared with placebo when the insomnia items were included ( mean change : -@ vs -@ , respectively ; p < @ ) or excluded ( -@ vs -@ ; p < @ ) , but not for anxiety/somatization ( -@ vs -@ ; p = @ ) .", "response rates were greater for eszopiclone cotherapy than for placebo cotherapy ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ ; @ % vs @ % when insomnia items were removed ; p = @ ) .", "remission rates were not significantly different ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "in this post hoc analysis of patients with insomnia and comorbid anxious depression derived from @ trials , @ weeks of eszopiclone therapy coadministered with an ssri resulted in significantly greater improvements in insomnia , significantly greater reductions in hdrs-@ total score , and significantly greater hdrs-@ response rates compared with placebo coadministration .", "there were no significant differences in response rates ( when insomnia items were excluded ) and remission rates , as well as in anxiety/somatization scores .", "further research is warranted to determine whether these modest antidepressant effects can be replicated , and anxiolytic effects demonstrated , when evaluated in a prospective manner ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "serotonergic processes have been implicated in the modulation of fear conditioning in humans , postulated to occur at the level of the amygdala .", "the processing of other fear-relevant cues , such as facial expressions , has also been associated with amygdala function , but an effect of serotonin depletion on these processes has not been assessed .", "the present study investigated the effects of reducing serotonin function , using acute tryptophan depletion , on the recognition of basic facial expressions of emotions in healthy male and female volunteers .", "a double-blind between-groups design was used , with volunteers being randomly allocated to receive an amino acid drink specifically lacking tryptophan or a control mixture containing a balanced mixture of these amino acids .", "participants were given a facial expression recognition task @ h after drink administration .", "this task featured examples of six basic emotions ( fear , anger , disgust , surprise , sadness and happiness ) that had been morphed between each full emotion and neutral in @ % steps .", "as a control , volunteers were given a famous face classification task matched in terms of response selection and difficulty level .", "tryptophan depletion significantly impaired the recognition of fearful facial expressions in female , but not male , volunteers .", "this was specific since recognition of other basic emotions was comparable in the two groups .", "there was also no effect of tryptophan depletion on the classification of famous faces or on subjective state ratings of mood or anxiety .", "these results confirm a role for serotonin in the processing of fear related cues , and in line with previous findings also suggest greater effects of tryptophan depletion in female volunteers .", "although acute tryptophan depletion does not typically affect mood in healthy subjects , the present results suggest that subtle changes in the processing of emotional material may occur with this manipulation of serotonin function ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the therapeutic efficacy of modafinil in the treatment of increased daytime sleepiness in patients with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) .", "double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled crossover study with two @-week treatment blocks , separated by a @-week washout phase .", "tertiary parkinson 's disease care center and sleep laboratory at university hospital neurology department .", "fifteen patients with idiopathic pd and daytime sleepiness ( epworth sleepiness score ( ess ) @ or more ) .", "administration of placebo or modafinil as a single morning dose in a randomized crossover order .", "the modafinil dose was @ mg in the first , and @ mg in the second treatment week .", "at baseline and at the end of each treatment block , sleepiness was evaluated using subjective ( perceived sleepiness with the ess ) and objective measures ( maintenance of wakefulness test ) .", "twelve patients completed the study ( @ male , @ female ; mean age @ + / - @ years , mean disease duration @ + / - @ years ) .", "epworth scores were significantly improved with modafinil ( @ + / - @ ) compared to placebo ( @ + / - @ ; p = @ ) .", "latency to sleep in the maintenance of wakefulness test was not significantly altered by modafinil treatment : @ ( @-@ ) / @ ( @-@ ) minutes before/after placebo and @ ( @-@ ) / @ ( @-@ ) minutes before/after modafinil ( p = @ ) [ data given as mean + / - standard deviation or median ( range ) ] .", "the results of this study suggest that modafinil improves daytime sleepiness in pd patients , at least on a subjective or behavioral level .", "modafinil treatment may be considered for eds in pd patients , in whom otherwise treatable causes of excessive daytime sleepiness ( eds ) are absent ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "heated humidification can reduce nasal symptoms caused by continuous positive airway pressure ( cpap ) treatment , but its routine use has not been studied over the medium term in a randomized controlled trial .", "the aim of this study is to determine if heated humidification would reduce nasal symptoms and improve adherence with cpap treatment in all patients with sleep apnoea irrespective of whether they had nasal symptoms initially .", "a randomized , parallel group design .", "patients were treated for @ months with a fisher & paykel hc@ pump with built-in heated humidification , or with the heater disabled and without water .", "adherence was measured with a timer built into the pumps .", "nasal symptoms were measured with a @-cm visual analogue scale .", "there were @ in the humidification group and @ in the non-humidification group .", "after @ weeks mean ( standard deviation ) adherence with cpap was @ ( @ ) and @ ( @ ) hours per night respectively .", "nasal symptoms that were reduced were nose blocked * @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) ; sneezing * @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) ; dry nose * @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) ; stuffy nose * @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) ; dry mouth * @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) ; and runny nose * @ ( @ ) , @ ( @ ) .", "parameters marked with an asterisk ' * ' had p < @ with t-tests .", "the routine use of heated humidification with cpap in all patients with sleep apnoea reduced nasal symptoms , but did not improve adherence ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the saline solution load test helps to determine if a wound extends into the knee joint .", "little is known about the volume of injected intra-articular saline solution that is needed to effectively rule in or rule out a traumatic arthrotomy of the knee .", "the purpose of the present study was to determine the appropriate volume and needle location for the diagnosis of a traumatic knee arthrotomy and to assess the effect of associated variables , including knee circumference , body mass index , and sex .", "fifty-six consecutive patients scheduled for knee arthroscopy were enrolled .", "a standard inferolateral arthroscopic portal was made with a single stab incision with use of a number-@ blade .", "injection sites were randomized to either a superomedial or inferomedial location .", "the injection of normal saline solution at a rate of @ ml/sec through an @-gauge needle was continued while the knee was moved through a range of motion until fluid extravasated from the iatrogenic laceration .", "the volume of injected fluid was recorded .", "the study group included thirty-one female patients and twenty-five male patients with a combined average age of fifty years and an average body mass index of @ .", "in order to effectively diagnose @ % of the arthrotomies , @ ml of injected fluid was needed ; the volumes that were needed in order to effectively diagnose @ % , @ % , @ % , and @ % of the arthrotomies were @ , @ , @ , and @ ml , respectively .", "the mean volumes of injected fluid needed for a positive result at the inferomedial and superomedial needle locations were @ and @ ml , respectively ; this difference was significant ( p = @ ) .", "there was no correlation between necessary injection volume and sex , body mass index , or knee circumference .", "in order to detect @ % of @-cm inferolateral arthrotomies of the knee with use of the saline solution load test , @ ml must be injected .", "an inferomedial injection location requires significantly less fluid than a superomedial injection location does for the diagnosis of inferolateral arthrotomies of the knee ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine ( alcar ) on the rate of decline in early-onset ad patients .", "a @-year , multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomized trial was conducted .", "subjects were @ to @ years old , with a diagnosis of probable ad according to national institute of neurological communicative disorders-alzheimer 's disease and related disorders association criteria and had a mini-mental state examination ( mmse ) score between @ and @ .", "they were treated with alcar ( @ g tid ) or placebo .", "primary outcome measures were the alzheimer 's disease assessment scale-cognitive component and the clinical dementia rating scale .", "secondary measures included the adas non-cognitive subscale , the mmse , an activities of daily living scale ( adl ) , and a clinician-based impression of change ( cibic ) .", "two-hundred twenty-nine patients were enrolled and randomized to drug treatment , with @ taking placebo and @ taking alcar .", "there were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline .", "for the primary outcome measures , there were no significant differences between the treatment groups on the change from baseline to endpoint in the intent-to-treat analysis .", "in the completer sample only , there was less deterioration in the mmse for the alcar-treated subjects .", "there was no difference in rate of decline on the cibic and the adl scale .", "there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events by treatment arm .", "overall , in a prospectively performed study in young-onset ad patients , alcar failed to slow decline .", "less decline was seen on the mmse in the completer sample only , with the difference being mediated by reducing decline in attention .", "a combination of alcar and a cholinesterase inhibitor should be tested for additivity ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "schools are the most frequent target for intervention programs aimed at preventing child obesity ; however , the overall effectiveness of these programs has been limited .", "it has therefore been recommended that interventions target multiple ecological levels ( community , family , school and individual ) to have greater success in changing risk behaviors for obesity .", "this study examined the immediate and short-term , sustained effects of the switch program , which targeted three behaviors ( decreasing children 's screen time , increasing fruit and vegetable consumption , and increasing physical activity ) at three ecological levels ( the family , school , and community ) .", "participants were @,@ children and their parents from @ schools in two states .", "schools were matched and randomly assigned to treatment and control .", "measures of the key behaviors and body mass index were collected at baseline , immediately post-intervention , and @ months post-intervention .", "the effect sizes of the differences between treatment and control groups ranged between small ( cohen 's d = @ for body mass index at @ months post-intervention ) to large ( @ ; parent report of screen time at @ months post-intervention ) , controlling for baseline levels .", "there was a significant difference in parent-reported screen time at post-intervention in the experimental group , and this effect was maintained at @ months post-intervention ( a difference of about @ hours/week ) .", "the experimental group also showed a significant increase in parent-reported fruit and vegetable consumption while child-reported fruit and vegetable consumption was marginally significant .", "at the @-month follow-up , parent-reported screen time was significantly lower , and parent and child-reported fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly increased .", "there were no significant effects on pedometer measures of physical activity or body mass index in the experimental group .", "the intervention effects were moderated by child sex ( for fruit and vegetable consumption , physical activity , and weight status ) , family involvement ( for fruit and vegetable consumption ) , and child body mass index ( for screen time ) .", "the perception of change among the experimental group was generally positive with @ % to @ % indicating positive changes in behaviors .", "the results indicate that the switch program yielded small-to-modest treatment effects for promoting children 's fruit and vegetable consumption and minimizing screen time .", "the switch program offers promise for use in youth obesity prevention ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "epidemiological studies indicate beneficial effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) risk .", "to study the effect of flavonoid-rich sea buckthorn berry ( sbb ) on circulating lipid markers associated with cvd risk and plasma flavonol concentration .", "also investigated was whether changes in the circulating flavonol concentrations correlate with the sbb induced changes in c-reactive protein ( crp ) concentration observed previously .", "in all @ healthy participants completed the randomized double-blind study and consumed daily @ g of sbb or placebo for @ months .", "fasting blood samples for the analysis of lipid markers and flavonols were obtained at the beginning and end of the study .", "compared to the placebo , the consumption of sbb increased the plasma concentration of the flavonols quercetin and isorhamnetin significantly [ treatment differences @ ng/ml ( p = @ ) and @ ng/ml ( p < @ ) , respectively ] .", "the increase of kaempferol concentration was not significant [ treatment difference @ ng/ml ( p = @ ) ] .", "sbb did not affect the serum total , hdl , ldl cholesterol , or the serum triacylglycerol concentrations .", "there was no correlation between the changes in flavonol and crp concentrations of participants .", "the consumption of sbb significantly increased the fasting plasma concentration of quercetin and isorhamnetin indicating that it is a good dietary source of flavonols .", "however , this did not convert to affecting the circulating concentrations of lipid markers in healthy , normolipidemic adults having healthy diets ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "adequate monitoring tools are required to optimise the immunosuppressive therapy of an individual patient .", "particularly , in calcineurin inhibitors , as critical dose drugs with a narrow therapeutic range , the optimal monitoring strategies are discussed in terms of safety and efficacy .", "nevertheless , no pharmacokinetic monitoring markers reflect the biological activity of the drug .", "a new quantitative analysis of gene expression was employed to directly measure the functional effects of calcineurin inhibition : the transcriptional activities of the nuclear factor of activated t-cell ( nfat ) - regulated genes in the peripheral blood .", "the cis study is a randomised prospective controlled trial , comparing a ciclosporin a ( csa ) - based immunosuppressive regimen monitored by csa trough levels to a csa-based immunosuppressive regimen monitored by residual nfat-regulated gene expression .", "pulse wave velocity as an accepted surrogate marker of the cardiovascular risk is assessed in both study groups .", "our hypothesis is that an individualised csa therapy monitored by residual nfat-regulated gene expression results in a significantly lower cardiovascular risk compared to csa therapy monitored by csa trough levels .", "there is a lack of evidence in individualising standard immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients .", "the cis study will consider the feasibility of individualised ciclosporin a immunosuppression by pharmacodynamic monitoring and evaluate the opportunity to reduce cardiovascular risk while maintaining sufficient immunosuppression .", "eudract identifier @-@-@ , registration date @ july @https : / / www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the overall aim of this prospective , randomized study was to compare the reproductive potential of fresh and frozen-thawed ejaculated spermatozoa from oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( icsi ) procedure .", "all patients consenting to participate in this study had a sperm sample frozen prior to the start of a cycle .", "patients were randomized using a random number table to undergo icsi with either fresh ( group a , n = @ ) or frozen-thawed ( group b , n = @ ) spermatozoa .", "all prognostic variables were equally distributed among the two groups .", "the pregnancy rate per started cycle was @ % in group a and @ % in group b , p > @ .", "a significant difference was observed in the rate of ongoing pregnancies between group a ( @ % ) and group b ( @ % ) , p < @ .", "from our data we can conclude that cryopreservation of spermatozoa from men with poor sperm quality does not negatively affect fertilization and pregnancy rates after icsi .", "a larger study will be needed to investigate whether the use of cryopreserved spermatozoa can be helpful in selecting the most vital spermatozoa for icsi ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "our aim was to evaluate clean intermittent catheterization ( cic ) results in combination with triamcinolone ointment for lubrication of the catheter after internal urethrotomy .", "seventy patients who underwent internal urethrotomy were assigned into @ groups and performed cic with either triamcinolone @ % ointment or a water-based gel ( control ) for lubrication of the catheter .", "they continued cic regimen up to @ month and were followed up for @ months .", "retrograde urethrography and urethrocystoscopy were done @ and @ months postoperatively .", "in case of obstructive symptoms or any difficulty in passing the urethral catheter , internal urethrotomy would be performed , if needed , and the same follow-up protocol would be started again .", "the recurrence rates after the first and second urethrotomy attempts were compared between the two groups .", "thirty patients in the triamcinolone group and @ in the control group completed the study .", "there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the patients or the etiology of the stricture between the two groups .", "there was a @ % recurrence rate in the patients of the triamcinolone group versus @ % in those of the control group after the first internal urethrotomy ( p = @ ) .", "following the second internal urethrotomy , the urethra was stabilized in @ % of the patients in the triamcinolone group and @ % those in the control group ( p = @ ) .", "administration of triamcinolone ointment in patients on cic regimen after internal urethrotomy only slightly decreased the stricture recurrence rate , and its possible effects should be more investigated ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare alternate form reliability for two previously validated questionnaires using traditional and computer-assisted interfaces ( casi ) .", "the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire ( rqlq ) and the allergy-specific work productivity and activity impairment ( wpai ) instrument were combined and formatted for paper-and-pencil ( p ) , computer touch screen ( ts ) , or web-based ( wb ) administration .", "employees at a large midwestern hospital in the us each completed two of three possible formats assigned randomly and in random order .", "those completing one of three possible format pairs ( p-ts , p-wb , and ts-wb ) comprised three study groups .", "item response consistency was assessed using spearman correlations ; individuals ' test-retest scores were compared using paired t-tests with mean test-retest differences compared between groups using anova .", "seventy five volunteers completed @ questionnaires .", "item response consistency varied by format pair with correlations ranging from @ to @ .", "although no differences were observed in paired rqlq responses , participants completing the wb form reported generally higher wpai scores compared with those from either the paper ( p = @ ) or ts ( p = @ ) format .", "anova of mean rqlq and wpai scores demonstrated no between-group differences .", "use of casi , an increasingly popular method in survey research , may have important effects on instrument reliability .", "studies examining this phenomenon more closely are needed to guide future use of casi in this setting ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "limiting postpartum weight retention is important for preventing adult obesity , but the effect of weight loss on lactation has not been studied adequately .", "we evaluated whether weight loss by dieting , with or without aerobic exercise , adversely affects lactation performance .", "at @ + / -@ wk postpartum , exclusively breast-feeding women were randomly assigned for @ d to a diet group ( @ % energy deficit ; n = @ ) , a diet plus exercise group ( @ % net energy deficit ; n = @ ) , or a control group ( n = @ ) .", "milk volume , composition , and energy output ; maternal weight , body composition , and plasma prolactin concentration ; and infant weight were measured before and after the intervention .", "weight loss averaged @ , @ , and @ kg in the diet , diet + exercise , and control groups , respectively ( p < @ ) and was composed of @ % fat in the diet group and nearly @ % fat in the diet + exercise group .", "change in milk volume , composition , and energy output and infant weight did not differ significantly among groups .", "however , there was a significant interaction between group and baseline percentage body fat : in the diet group only , milk energy output increased in fatter women and decreased in leaner women .", "the plasma prolactin concentration was higher in the diet and diet + exercise groups than in the control group .", "short-term weight loss ( approximately @ kg/wk ) through a combination of dieting and aerobic exercise appears safe for breast-feeding mothers and is preferable to weight loss achieved primarily by dieting because the latter reduces maternal lean body mass .", "longer-term studies are needed to confirm these findings ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "endobronchial ultrasound ( ebus ) - guided transbronchial needle aspiration ( ebus-tbna ) is performed with a dedicated @ - or @-gauge needle while suction is applied .", "fine-needle sampling without suction ( capillary sampling ) has been studied for endoscopic ultrasound and for biopsies at various body sites and has resulted in similar diagnostic yield and fewer traumatic samples .", "however , the role of ebus-guided transbronchial needle capillary sampling ( ebus-tbncs ) is still to be determined .", "adults with suspicious hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes ( lns ) were included in a single-blinded , prospective , randomized trial comparing ebus-tbna and ebus-tbncs .", "the primary end point was the concordance rate between the two techniques in terms of adequacy and diagnosis of cytologic samples .", "the secondary end point was the concordance rate between the two techniques in terms of quality of samples .", "a total of @ patients and @ lns were studied .", "concordance between ebus-tbna and ebus-tbncs was high , with no significant difference in adequacy ( @ % vs @ % , respectively [ p @ ] ; concordance rate , @ % [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) ; diagnosis ( @ % vs @ % , respectively [ p @ ] ; concordance rate , @ % [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) ; diagnosis of malignancy ( @ % vs @ % , respectively [ p @ ] ; concordance rate , @ % [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) ; or sample quality ( concordance rate , @ % [ @ % ci , @-@ @ ] ) .", "concordance between ebus-tbna and ebus-tbncs was high irrespective of ln size ( @ cm vs > @ cm ) .", "regardless of ln size , no differences in adequacy , diagnosis , or quality were found between samples obtained using ebus-tbna and those obtained using ebus-tbncs .", "there is no evidence of any benefit derived from the practice of applying suction to ebus-guided biopsies .", "clinicaltrials.gov ; no. : nct@ ; url : www.clinicaltrials.gov" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there is mounting evidence supporting the benefit of surgical skills practice in a simulated environment .", "however , the use of simulation in cardiac surgical training has been limited .", "the purpose of the current trial was to examine the effect of independent and deliberate simulator practice , during nonclinical time , on the performance of an end-to-side microvascular anastomosis in an in vivo model .", "this single-blinded , randomized controlled trial received institutional review board approval .", "thirty-nine first - and second-year surgical trainees were randomized to an expert-guided tutorial on a procedural trainer or to the expert-guided tutorial combined with self-directed practice on the same procedural trainer .", "self-directed practice consisted of @ anastomoses performed on the procedural trainer : a low-fidelity , commercially available bench model using @-mm polytetrafluoroethylene graft as simulated blood vessel .", "two weeks after the tutorial , subjects performed an end-to-side anastomosis in a live porcine model , under realistic operating room conditions .", "assessment of outcomes was performed by @ blinded , expert observers , uings validated measurements of technical skill .", "the primary outcome was the score on the objective structured assessment of technical skill ( osats ) scale .", "secondary outcomes included an anastomosis-specific end-product evaluation and time to completion .", "statistical analysis was conducted using nonparametric , univariate techniques .", "compared with residents who received expert-guided simulator training alone , those who in addition practiced on a simulator independently after hours scored significantly higher on the osats scale ( @ @ vs @ @ , p = @ ) .", "residents who practiced independently also scored significantly higher on the end-product evaluation ( @ @ vs @ @ , p = @ ) and performed the anastomosis significantly faster ( @ seconds vs @ seconds , p = @ ) .", "interrater reliability was high between the expert observers ( intraclass correlation coefficient = @ ) .", "residents who had the opportunity for self-directed simulator practice performed an end-to-side anastomosis more adeptly , more quickly , and with a higher quality end product .", "the results of this randomized trial suggest that independent training on a procedural trainer did transfer to improved performance in an operating room environment .", "simulator training should be incorporated into cardiovascular surgical curricula and residents should have access to this modality for independent after-hours practice to improve operating room performance ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the effect of bushen huoxue herbs on depression of patients with parkinson 's disease .", "ninety-six patients were randomized into two groups with @ patients in the treatment group and @ patients in the control group .", "both groups took western medicine as basic treatment .", "the treatment group was treated with bushen huoxue herbs additionally .", "the observation was carried out for @ months .", "used encephalofluctuograph technology ( et ) and hamilton depression scale ( hamd ) to measure the changes of cerebral neurotransmitters and scale scores in both groups at baseline time , @ , @ and @ months later to evaluate the effects of bushen huoxue herbs .", "in the treatment group , @-hydroxytryptamine ( @-ht ) , noradrenaline ( ne ) and dopamine ( da ) levels were increased significantly when compared with pretreatment ( p < @ ) , especially of @-ht and da levels ( p < @ ) ; compared with the control group , @-ht and da levels were increased significantly ( p < @ ) .", "after treatment , the scores of the hamd scale was significantly decreased ( p < @ ) .", "no adverse effects were found in this trial .", "bushen huoxue herbs can improve depression of pd patients by increasing the levels of @-ht , ne and da in the brain and decreasing the scores of the hamd scale with reliable effects ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "anemia is a frequent condition in chronic heart failure ( chf ) that affects adversely long-term cardiac outcomes .", "we sought to investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin analogue darbepoetin alpha on left ( lv ) and right ventricular ( rv ) function and neurohormonal activation in patients with chf and anemia .", "thirty-two chf patients ( new york heart association class ii-iii , lv ejection fraction [ ef ] < @ % , hemoglobin level < @ g/dl , serum creatinine level < @ mg/dl ) were randomized ( @:@ ) to receive either a @-month darbepoetin alpha regimen at @ microg/kg every @ days plus oral iron ( n = @ ) or placebo plus oral iron ( n = @ ) .", "echocardiographic indices of lv systolic and diastolic function and rv function , plasma b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) and @-minute walked distance were assessed at baseline and posttreatment .", "regarding lv function , only treatment with darbepoetin alpha caused a significant improvement in lvef ( f = @ , p < @ ) , end-systolic wall stress ( f = @ , p = @ ) , mitral annulus systolic displacement ( f = @ , p < @ ) , isovolumic relaxation time ( f = @ , p = @ ) , and e/e ratio ( f = @ , p = @ ) .", "the rv systolic pressure ( f = @ , p = @ ) as well as tricuspid annulus systolic displacement and rvef ( f = @ , p = @ ) were significantly improved only in the darbepoetin alpha group .", "darbepoetin alpha had also alpha beneficial effect on new york heart association class ( f = @ , p = @ ) , plasma bnp ( f = @ , p = @ ) , and @-minute walk test ( f = @ , p < @ ) , whereas these parameters did not significantly change in the placebo-treated patients .", "darbepoetin alpha improves both lv and rv performance and exercise capacity and counteracts neurohormonal activation in chf patients with anemia .", "the drug effects on lv diastolic function , rv function , and lv end-systolic wall stress , in particular , are novel findings , with a potential important contribution to patients ' symptomatic improvement ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "due to its pharmacokinetic characteristics , remifentanil does not promote residual analgesia in the immediate postoperative period .", "the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of methadone and clonidine in the control of postoperative pain of videolaparoscopic surgeries under total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled remifentanil infusion .", "one hundred and twenty-six patients , ages @ to @ years , asa i and ii , of both genders , scheduled for laparoscopic surgeries , participated in this randomized , double - blind , placebo-controlled study .", "after venipuncture , intravenous ketoprofen and dypirone were administered .", "target-controlled infusion of remifentanil and propofol was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia .", "before beginning the procedure , an intravenous solution containing @ mg.kg-@ of methadone ( methadone group ) , @ ( @/@ ) g.kg-@ of clonidine ( clonidine group ) , or ns ( placebo group ) was administered .", "in the post-anesthetic care unit , postoperative pain was evaluated by the verbal numeric scale ( vns ) .", "absence of pain was defined as a score < @ , and pain as a score of > @ .", "the incidence of pain in the methadone group was significantly lower than in the clonidine and placebo groups ( @ , @ , and @ , respectively ; p < @ ) .", "significant differences in the incidence of pain in the placebo and clonidine groups were not observed .", "methadone was more effective than clonidine in the control of postoperative pain in videolaparoscopic surgeries under total intravenous anesthesia with remifentanil ; and using clonidine was not better than not using it ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "brinzolamide and dorzolamide are often used as adjunctive therapy to other antiglaucoma agents .", "the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of brinzolamide @ % versus dorzolamide @ % when added to the combination therapy of latanoprost and a beta-blocker in patients with glaucoma .", "an @-week , randomized , open-label comparative study was performed in @ patients with glaucoma .", "brinzolamide @ % ( twice a day ) or dorzolamide @ % ( @ times a day ) was randomly administered to the patients who had been treated with both latanoprost and a betablocker .", "intraocular pressure ( iop ) were both decreased significantly ( p < @ ) from @ + / - @ mmhg to @ + / - @ mmhg and from @ + / - @ mmhg to @ + / - @ mmhg , respectively , @ weeks after the addition of brinzolamide or dorzolamide .", "however , the difference between the groups was not significant ( p = @ ) .", "the incidence of ocular irritation was significantly higher ( p < @ ) in the dorzolamide group ( @ % ) than the brinzolamide group ( @ % ) , but there was no significant difference in blurred vision between the groups ( dorzolamide @ % versus brinzolamide @ % , p = @ ) .", "we concluded that the efficacy of brinzolamide @ % was equivalent to dorzolamide @ % ; however , the safety of brinzolamide @ % was superior to dorzolamide @ % as adjunctive therapy to the combination with latanoprost and a beta-blocker ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "few studies have assessed differences between intermittent and light smokers , particularly among young adults .", "exploring these differences promotes a systematic approach to research and treatment in low-level smokers .", "this study explored demographic , tobacco-related , and psychosocial predictors of intermittent nondaily smoking relative to light smoking among basic military training ( bmt ) recruits .", "the impact of smoking status on abstinence rates at follow-up was also assessed .", "participants were @,@ u.s. air force bmt intermittent nondaily ( n = @,@ ) or light daily ( n = @,@ ) smoking recruits participating in a population-based group randomized trial targeting tobacco use prevention and cessation ( klesges et al. , @ , efficacy of a tailored tobacco control program on long-term use in a population of u.s. military troops .", "journal of consulting and clinical psychology , @ , @-@ . )", "participants completed baseline measures assessing demographics ; tobacco use and history ; and common social , attitudinal , and behavioral risk factors for tobacco use .", "flights of recruits were randomly assigned to a tobacco use intervention or health education control intervention .", "at the @-year follow-up , participants reported @-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence .", "intermittent nondaily smoking relative to light daily smoking was associated with lesser perceived addiction , intermittent and daily use of smokeless tobacco , nonsmoking male and female heads of household , lesser likelihood of smoking while stressed or while bored , and higher likelihood of intentions to quit smoking .", "intermittent smokers were significantly more likely than light daily smokers to report abstinence at follow-up .", "intermittent and daily light smokers differ on several tobacco-related and psychosocial variables .", "attending to these factors in prevention and cessation programs may enhance abstinence in both groups ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of transcervical foley catheter alone ( foley ) to transcervical foley catheter with extraamniotic saline infusion for labor induction and cervical ripening in women with an unfavorable cervix .", "this was a multicenter , randomized , controlled trial of women presenting for labor induction with a singleton , cephalic fetus , intact membranes , and unfavorable cervix ( bishop score @ or less ) .", "eligible women were randomly assigned to receive either foley catheter alone or foley catheter with extraamniotic saline infusion .", "all women received concurrent oxytocin administration .", "the primary study outcome was the induction-to-delivery interval .", "secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery , maternal infectious outcomes , and immediate neonatal outcomes .", "analysis was by intent to treat .", "one hundred eighty-eight women met eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned ( foley plus extraamniotic saline infusion , n = @ ; foley , n = @ ) .", "baseline demographic characteristics , including parity , gestational age , and bishop score were similar between the study groups .", "the median induction-to-delivery interval in the extraamniotic saline infusion arm ( @ hours , interquartile range @-@ @ hours ) was similar to that in the foley arm ( @ hours , interquartile range @-@ @ hours ) ( p = .", "@ ) .", "the proportion of women delivered by @ hours was comparable between groups ( delivery @ hours , extraamniotic saline infusion @ % , foley @ % , p = @ ) , as was the rate of cesarean delivery ( foley @ % , extraamniotic saline infusion @ % , p = @ ) .", "no significant differences were noted between the study groups with respect to rate of chorioamnionitis , endometritis , or immediate birth outcomes .", "in women with an unfavorable cervix , the addition of extraamniotic saline infusion to a transcervical foley catheter does not improve efficacy for labor induction .", "clinicaltrials.gov , www.clinicaltrials.gov , nct@", "i." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is characterized by the formation in the joints of an inflammatory tissue , which causes the appearance of localized erosions on the margins of the joints .", "the molecular mechanism that causes the bone erosion is multifactorial .", "inflammatory cytokines imbalance and opg-rank-l system are involved .", "the aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of inducing healing or reduction in the number of erosions in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-tnf-alpha adding teriparatide ( pth@-@ ) to standard treatment with anti-tnf .", "twenty adult patients with active ra diagnosed according to american rheumatism association ( ara ) criteria at least @ months before study begin were enrolled .", "only patients affected by established ra ( @ to @ months from symptoms beginning ) were recruited .", "eligible patients were randomized to receive a standard dosage of etanercept ( @ mg/week ) or etanercept at same dosage with an addition of teriparatide ( @ mg ) .", "evaluation of eventual healing of arthritic erosions by magnetic resonance imaging was performed at time zero and then at twelve months .", "the following evaluation was assessed at baseline and after @ months according to the outcome measures in rheumatology clinical trials ( omeract ) definitions : number of erosion and presence or absence of synovitis , effusion and bone oedema .", "a comparative examination of quantitative and qualitative assessment of each parameter was applied .", "plain radiographs of the hands were obtained at baseline and @ weeks .", "radiographs were scored blindly using the van der heijde modification of the sharp method .", "safety of each treatment was evaluated by means of the adverse events ( aes ) evaluation and report .", "there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups .", "the study did not achieve its primary endpoint of healing erosions .", "in the active arm no healing of erosions was found .", "at @ weeks , there were no new mri erosions in two arms .", "bone oedema scores were significantly improved at @ weeks in favour of both treatments versus baseline scores , without inter-groups differences .", "x-ray patterns were unchanged in all patients of both groups .", "no new erosions or previous erosions ' healing were observed .", "no aes were reported .", "patients from both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the das @ scores at @ weeks ( p < @ ) if compared with baseline values .", "these data confirm rapid control of inflammation and mri damage benefits after etanercept administration without a significant improvement in mri findings after concomitant addition of teriparatide .", "even though these results could seem to suggest to avoid the simultaneous use of these two drugs to treat ra erosions , further studies might be suggested to asses if sequential adminstration of an anabolic agent such as teriparatide , after achieving clinical remission , may be able to improve bone damage ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "suppression of adrenocortical function , a risk associated with oral corticosteroids , is minimized with intranasal corticosteroids .", "triamcinolone acetonide ( taa ) aqueous nasal spray , at therapeutic doses , has no measurable effect on adrenocortical function in adults with allergic rhinitis .", "this double-blind , placebo-controlled study compared the effect of once-daily taa aqueous nasal spray ( @ or @ microg ) with placebo on adrenocortical function after @ weeks of treatment in pediatric ( children @ to @ years of age ) patients with allergic rhinitis .", "the pharmacokinetic profile of taa was examined after once-daily intranasal administration of taa aqueous nasal spray @ microg for @ weeks .", "eighty children received taa aqueous nasal spray @ microg or @ microg or placebo for @ weeks .", "adrenocortical function was assessed by analyzing plasma cortisol levels before stimulation ( @ hour ) and at @ and @ minutes after a rapid @-hour intravenous cosyntropin stimulation test performed before treatment and after @ weeks of treatment .", "samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were collected from @ patients at baseline ( @ hour ) and at @ , @ , @ , and @ hours after the final dose of study medication .", "after @ weeks , no significant effects on adrenocortical function were observed at @ or @ minutes after cosyntropin stimulation with either dose of taa aqueous nasal spray .", "taa concentrations in plasma showed rapid elimination of the drug , with little or no accumulation .", "taa aqueous nasal spray ( @ or @ microg/day ) has no measurable effect on adrenocortical function in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis .", "pharmacokinetic parameters after @ microg/day of taa aqueous nasal spray indicate a rapid decline of plasma drug levels , with little or no systemic accumulation of study drug ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of the present study was to develop a treatment for marijuana dependence specifically designed to enhance self-efficacy .", "the participants were @ marijuana-dependent men and women randomized to one of three @-week outpatient treatments : a condition intended to enhance self-efficacy through successful completion of treatment-related tasks ( motivational enhancement plus cognitive-behavioral treatment plus contingency management reinforcing completion of treatment homework ; met+cbt+cm ( homework ) ) ; a condition that controlled for all elements except for reinforcement of homework ( met+cbt + contingency management reinforcing drug abstinence ; met+cbt+cm ( abstinence ) ) ; or a case management control condition ( casem ) .", "participants in the two met+cbt conditions were also asked to complete interactive voice recordings three times per week during treatment to confirm homework completion .", "all patients showed modest improvements over time through @months , with few between-treatment effects on outcomes .", "latent class growth models , however , indicated that a subsample of patients did extremely well over time .", "this subsample was more likely to have been treated in the cm ( abstinence ) condition .", "in turn , this treatment effect appears to have been accounted for by days of continuous abstinence accrued during treatment , and by pre-post increases in self-efficacy .", "the most effective treatments may be those that elicit abstinence while increasing self-efficacy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there is concern that combining energy drinks with alcohol may ` mask ' subjective intoxication leading to greater alcohol consumption .", "this study examines the effects of alcohol alone and combined with energy drink on objective and subjective intoxication and mood over the course of @h .", "using a double-blind , placebo-controlled , balanced , crossover design , @ participants ( mean age @ years ) were administered with double placebo , @ g/kg alcohol ( mean peak blood alcohol content of @ % ) , @ml energy drink and alcohol/energy drink , according to a latin square design , with a washout of > @h .", "on each visit , they were breathalysed and rated themselves on a comprehensive battery of mood items at baseline and then at @ , @ and @min post-drink .", "blood alcohol and subjective intoxication were significantly increased following both alcohol alone and alcohol/energy drink .", "both measures were statistically indistinguishable between alcohol conditions .", "in keeping with its ( @mg ) caffeine content , the energy drink alone significantly increased self-rated ` alertness ' and reduced ` depression-dejection ' scores compared with the combined alcohol/energy drink .", "the alcohol/energy drink increased ` vigor ' and ` contentment ' at @min and decreased ` contentment ' at @min .", "the co-ingestion of an energy drink with alcohol does not differently influence blood alcohol content recordings or subjective intoxication compared with alcohol alone , although some mood items are differentially affected ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to investigate the effect of shenqi fuzheng injection ( sfi ) for hemopoietic and immune function reconstruction in patients with hematologic malignancies ( hm ) after chemotherapy .", "eighty hm patients at remission inducing stage of initial treatment were randomly assigned to two groups , the treatment group treated with sfi ( @ ml daily ) plus chemotherapy and the control group only treated with chemotherapy for @ days , with same supportive treatments administered to both .", "levels of blood routine test , t lymphocyte subsets ( cd@ + , cd@ + , cd@ + / cd@ + ) and b lymphocyte subsets cd@ - cd@ + were determined before and after treatment , and the remission rate was assessed after treatment .", "the remission rates in the two groups showed no significant difference [ @ % ( @/@ ) vs @ % ( @/@ ) , p > @ ] statistically .", "levels of peripheral leucocyte count and hemoglobin as well as levels of cd@ + , cd@ + , cd@ + / cd@ + ; were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group ( p < @ ) , but no significant difference was shown between groups in cd@ - cd@ + level .", "sfi can lighten the inhibition of chemotherapy on hemopoietic function of bone marrow , and promote its recovery , enhance the immune function , and improve the quality of life in patients with hm undergoing chemotherapy ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "critically ill patients requiring intensive care uniformly develop insulin resistance .", "this is most pronounced in patients with sepsis .", "recently , several hormones secreted by adipose tissue have been identified to be involved in overall insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome-related conditions .", "however , little is known about these adipokines in critical illness .", "we studied circulating levels of the adipokines adiponectin , retinol-binding protein @ ( rbp@ ) , and leptin during critical illness , and the impact of intensive insulin therapy , a therapy shown to affect insulin sensitivity , in serum samples from prolonged critically ill patients with a respiratory critical illness ( n = @ ) .", "for comparison , we studied healthy subjects ( n = @ ) and acutely stressed patients ( n = @ ) .", "during acute critical illness , circulating levels of adiponectin , rbp@ , and leptin were low .", "patients with sepsis had lower levels of leptin and rbp@ than did nonseptic patients .", "when critical illness was sustained , adipokine levels returned to normal reference values .", "insulin therapy enhanced adiponectin , blunted the rise of rbp@ , and did not alter leptin levels .", "acute critical illness is associated with immediate , but transiently low serum adipokine levels .", "adiponectin and rbp@ are associated with altered insulin resistance in critical illness ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the effectiveness of simethicone in enhancing visibility and efficacy during colonoscopy .", "a prospective , double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled study was conducted .", "one hundred and twenty-four patients were allocated to receive @ doses of sodium phosphate plus @ mg of tablet simethicone or placebo as bowel preparation .", "visibility was blindly assessed for the amount of air bubbles and adequacy of colon preparation .", "total colonoscopic time , side effects of the medication , endoscopist and patient satisfaction were also compared .", "sodium phosphate plus simethicone , compared to sodium phosphate plus placebo , improved visibility by diminishing air bubbles ( @ % vs @ % , p < @ ) but simethicone failed to demonstrate improvement in adequacy of colon preparation ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .", "endoscopist and patient satisfaction were increased significantly in the simethicone group .", "however , there was no difference in the total duration of colonoscopy and side effects of the medication .", "the addition of simethicone is of benefit for colonoscopic bowel preparation by diminishing air bubbles , which results in enhanced visibility .", "endoscopist and patient satisfaction is also increased ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "injury from burns is very common and must be treated with considerable care by the rehabilitation team to prevent contractures that may occur .", "physiotherapy is vital in rehabilitation of burn-injured patients .", "the aim of this study is to compare a burn rehabilitation treatment ( brt ) protocol with a routine burn rehabilitation treatment to find out rehabilitation related problems .", "for all burn-injured patients admitted to a general hospital in tehran on @ , a group match clinical trial was done and then randomly divided into two groups .", "for the first group , ordinary physiotherapy was done according to the routine prescription and the brt protocol has been carried out for the second group .", "at the time of patient registration , a questionnaire was completed which consisted of gender , age , tbs , depth and cause of injury .", "on the other hand , post burn contractures , thrombosis and duration of staying in hospital was measured at discharge .", "there was not any significant difference ( p > @ ) in gender , age , tbs , cause and depth of injury between two groups .", "in addition , there was not any significant difference ( p > @ ) between thrombosis and duration of staying patients in hospital .", "however , these results show significant difference ( p < @ ) in burn contractures between two groups .", "in the brt group , @ % had burn contractures , with @ % routine rehabilitation treatment .", "the result of this study indicates that intensive rehabilitation decreased burn complications .", "burn rehabilitation teams could consider the brt protocol ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the first step in atherosclerosis is characterized by the adherence of lymphocytes and monocytes to cell adhesion molecules expressed by endothelial cells .", "therefore , we wanted to investigate the effect of tibolone on the circulating levels of various cell adhesion molecules .", "thirty postmenopausal women were enrolled in a double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled outpatient trial .", "tibolone led to a significant decrease in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-@ , soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-@ , and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-@ , but had no effect on monocyte chemotactic protein-@ .", "the direct favorable effects of tibolone on endothelial cells may explain the clinical benefits of this substance in terms of anti-ischemic effects and osteoporosis prevention ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we wanted to evaluate whether treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid and an inhaled long-acting beta@-agonist is more effective than an inhaled corticosteroid alone for patients using as-needed albuterol who are initiating maintenance treatment .", "to compare the efficacy and safety of twice-daily fluticasone propionate ( fp ) @ microg and salmeterol @ microg combined in a chlorofluorocarbon ( cfc ) - free ( hydrofluoroalkane @a ) metered-dose inhaler ( mdi ) with the individual agents alone , each delivered through an mdi containing cfc propellants , in patient with persistent asthma previously uncontrolled with as-needed short-acting beta@-agonists alone .", "patients with asthma ( n = @ ) were randomized to twice-daily treatment for @ weeks with fp @ microg combined with salmeterol @ microg ( fsc ) in a cfc-free mdi or the individual components alone from cfc-containing mdis .", "at endpoint , mean change from baseline in morning predose forced expiratory volume in @ second was significantly ( p < or = @ ) greater with fsc ( @ l ) compared with fp ( @ l ) or salmeterol ( @ l ) .", "fewer patients treated with fsc withdrew due to worsening asthma ( @ % ) compared with fp ( @ % ) or salmeterol ( @ % ; p = @ ) .", "fsc significantly increased ( p < or = @ ) morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate at endpoint ( @ and @ l/min , respectively ) compared with fp ( @ and @ l/min , respectively ) and salmeterol ( @ and @ l/min , respectively ) .", "in addition , asthma symptom scores were reduced , and percentages of days with no asthma symptoms increased in all treatment groups .", "treatment with fsc in a cfc-free mdi is more effective than fp or salmeterol alone in asthma patients who are symptomatic taking short-acting beta@-agonists alone ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine the effects of a self-management workbook intervention designed for use with individuals disabled after first time stroke .", "multiple-participant two-phase ( baseline followed by treatment ) single subject design .", "the intervention was introduced at a randomly generated time-point .", "community .", "seven men and three women , with a mean age of @ years ( sd @ ) , on average @ weeks ( sd @ ) following first stroke , all with residual restriction of activity and participation .", "an individualized self-management workbook based on self-efficacy principles , incorporating sections to increase mastery , vicarious experience and feedback .", "stroke self-efficacy questionnaire , general self-efficacy scale , recovery locus of control scale , rivermead mobility index , rivermead activities of daily living scale , subjective index of physical and social outcome and the hospital anxiety and depression scale .", "individual data were analysed with weighted mean trend test and two standard deviation band test .", "group data were analysed with a randomization test .", "visual inspection of the data over the @-week period showed steady improvement for all of the @ participants on the majority of variables .", "a randomization test indicated a statistically significant change in stroke self-efficacy questionnaire scores and recovery locus of control scale scores which followed introduction of the intervention .", "measures of activity , participation and mood scores did not show a statistically significant change .", "there is preliminary evidence that the use of an individualized stroke self-management intervention is acceptable and can lead to a change in self-efficacy in this small sample ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "peer support may improve breastfeeding rates but the evidence is inconclusive .", "previous studies and reviews recommend trials in different healthcare settings .", "to test if a specified programme of peer support affects the initiation and/or the duration of breastfeeding .", "a two-group randomised controlled trial of peer support for breastfeeding with evaluation of breastfeeding initiation and duration on an intention-to-treat basis .", "general practice in ayrshire , scotland .", "following informed consent , @ women at @ weeks gestation were allocated to control or peer support group by post-recruitment concealed allocation .", "all peer support and control group mothers received normal professional breastfeeding support .", "additionally , those in the peer support group still breastfeeding on return home from hospital had peer support until @ weeks .", "thirty-five of the @ ( @ % ) women in the peer support group were breastfeeding at @ weeks compared to @/@ ( @ % ) in the control group , a difference of @ % ( @ % confidence interval = -@ % to @ % ) .", "the median breastfeeding duration for all women in the peer support group was @ days compared to @ day for the control group and the kaplan-meier survival plot shows the peer support group overall breastfeeding slightly longer than the control group , with no statistically significant difference by logrank test ( p = @ ) .", "the median breastfeeding duration among primagravidae in the peer support group was @ days , compared to @ days for the control group .", "among women who started to breastfeed the medians were @ days in the peer support group and @ days in the control group .", "these differences were not statistically significant .", "peer support did not increase breastfeeding in this population by a statistically significant amount ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of @ wk of resistance training ( rt ) , endurance training ( et ) , and concurrent training ( ct ) on inflammatory markers , c-reactive protein ( crp ) , and functional capacity in sedentary middle-age men .", "healthy subjects were randomized into rt ( n = @ ) , et ( n = @ ) , ct ( n = @ ) , and a control group ( n = @ ) .", "the subjects performed three weekly sessions lasting about @ min for @ wk .", "maximal strength was tested in bench press and leg press .", "the peak oxygen uptake ( vo@peak ) was measured in an incremental exercise test .", "plasma tumor necrosis factor - ( tnf - ) , interleukin-@ ( il-@ ) , and crp levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay .", "maximal strength was increased after @ wk , with no differences between rt and ct. .", "vo@peak increased in et and ct comparing before and after training .", "there were no significant differences in tnf - , il-@ , and crp comparing before and after training .", "sixteen weeks of rt , et , or ct in middle-age healthy men has not affected low and moderate il-@ , tnf - , and crp levels .", "ct performed in the same weekly frequency and session duration of et and rt was effective in increasing both maximal strength and vo@peak , in addition to improvements in lipid profile ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "intraoperative awareness ( ia ) is diagnosed when patients can recall their surroundings or an event related to the surgery that occurred while they were under general anaesthesia .", "the female gender and caesarean section are considered to be contributing factors .", "the aim of the present study was to analyse the frequency of ia in patients undergoing general anaesthesia either for caesarean section or gynaecological procedures .", "asa i and ii women were included into the study .", "patients were randomly allocated to @ groups : a , b and c included patients qualified for elective gynaecological surgery , and group d comprised caesarean section patients .", "premedication was not given .", "group a received total intravenous anaesthesia with tci , and groups b , c and d received balanced anaesthesia .", "the depth of anaesthesia was monitored with an aep monitor .", "blinded structured interviews were conducted @ hours after anaesthesia and on postoperative days @ and @ .", "@ patients were enrolled into the study .", "@ patients reported diverse sensations connected to the anaesthesia ( group a - @ patients , b - @ patients , c - @ patients , d - @ patients ) .", "there were mainly dream sensations , but ia was present in @ cases .", "in all of the cases , ia was recognised during the first interview .", "one episode of awareness appeared in group b , and the other two appeared in group d.", "one caesarean section was complicated by intraoperative haemorrhage .", "the patient from group b had similar sensations during previous anaesthesia .", "two women enrolled in the study reported awareness in the past , which did not occur this time .", "awareness during general anaesthesia occurs occasionally .", "the frequency of occurrence in a group of patients undergoing general anaesthesia for uncomplicated caesarean section is not higher than for other procedures .", "the anaesthesia for caesarean section , as well as for other procedures , may be accompanied by pleasant dreams ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "interleukin-@ ( il-@ ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) .", "the efficacy , safety , and tolerability of nnc@-@ , a selective anti-il-@ recombinant human monoclonal antibody ( mab ) , were assessed in patients with active ra who had an inadequate response to methotrexate therapy .", "sixty-seven patients with ra were enrolled and randomized ( @:@ ) to receive nnc@-@ ( @ mg/kg per week , subcutaneously ) or placebo in a phase iia , double-blind , @-week trial with a @-week followup .", "the primary end point was change in the disease activity score in @ joints based on c-reactive protein level ( das@-crp ) from baseline to week @ .", "in patients treated with nnc@-@ , the primary end point , improvement in the das@-crp at week @ , was achieved ( estimated difference -@ ; p = @ ) , with significant improvement starting at week @ .", "a greater response was observed in seropositive patients ( estimated difference -@ ; p < @ ) , which was sustained through @ weeks of followup , whereas no improvement was noted in patients with seronegative ra .", "a significant proportion of patients with seropositive ra receiving nnc@-@ , compared to those receiving placebo , achieved treatment responses according to the american college of rheumatology @ % ( acr@ ) ( @ % versus @ % ) , acr@ ( @ % versus @ % ) , and acr@ ( @ % versus @ % ) levels of improvement , and showed greater improvements in the health assessment questionnaire disability index ( p = @ ) .", "the most frequent adverse events reported with nnc@-@ were injection site reactions and infections ( e.g. , herpes , nasopharyngitis , respiratory , and urinary ) .", "no serious infections or discontinuations associated with nnc@-@ were observed .", "in this phase iia trial , treatment with nnc@-@ ( anti-il-@ mab ) was effective in patients with seropositive ra as early as week @ , with further improvements to week @ .", "no safety or tolerability concerns were identified with weekly nnc@-@ administration ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "growth hormone ( gh ) has a strong anabolic effect and is thought to be useful in improving the efficacy of parenteral nutrition ( pn ) to preserve muscle mass ( mm ) in the postoperative setting .", "unfortunately , the negative clinical outcome of gh treatment in intensive care patients limits its use in this setting , but demands answers to the mechanism behind the action of this therapy .", "in a double-blind randomised controlled study consecutive patients after major abdominal surgery were divided into four groups of either @/@-pn ( @ g n/kg/day and @ % of calories as lipid ) or full-strength pn ( full-pn ) ( @ g n/kg/day and @ % of calories as lipid ) receiving daily injections of either gh ( @-@ iu ) or placebo for a period of @ days postoperative .", "outcome measures included mm derived from measures of total body potassium ( @k counting ) and total body nitrogen ( tbn ) ( in vivo neutron capture technique ) ; fat mass from skin folds ; serum insulin like growth factor-i ( igf-i ) and its binding proteins ( igfbp ) .", "from @ major upper gi surgical patients randomised @ completed the study ( one patient died from sepsis in the half-strength pn ( @/@-pn ) + gh group ) .", "@/@-pn ( n = @ ) lost tbn ( p = @ ) , mm ( p = @ ) but not fat .", "full-pn ( n = @ ) maintained tbn , mm ( p = @ ) and fat .", "@/@-pn + gh ( n = @ ) maintained tbn and fat but lost mm ( p = @ ) .", "full-pn + gh ( n = @ ) maintained tbn and mm but lost fat ( p = @ ) .", "two-way anova indicated that pn input ( p = @ ) and not gh had a significant effect on mm .", "gh caused a significant rise in igf-i levels ( @ + / -@ and @ + / -@ microg/l for @/@-pn + gh and full-pn + gh , respectively ) and restored serum igfbp@ and the acid labile subunit to normal , by the postoperative day @ .", "after major gastrointestinal surgery , gh causes a marked hepatic igf-i response and nitrogen retention but its effect on body composition was more significant with a high pn input .", "further , full-pn alone was sufficient to prevent nitrogen loss and preserved mm and addition of gh does not provide further metabolic advantage ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "nasal polyposis ( np ) is defined as a specific form of chronic rhinosinusitis ( crs ) , characterized by bilateral and multifocal polyps .", "functional endoscopic sinus surgery represents the gold standard therapy when medical treatment fails .", "the availability of different tools raises the question of which one provides significant advances in technique and surgical outcome .", "this study considered the outcome of the surgical treatment of np in relation to several comorbidities and the surgical device used : the microdebrider versus the blakesley traditional forceps .", "other studies compared the two instruments but did not evaluate the clinical relevance of history of comorbidities such as asthma , allergy , and eosinophilia .", "a prospective randomized single-blind study was designed to analyze @ cases of bilateral crs with np .", "each patient served as his/her own control , meaning that one side was operated on using the blakesley forceps and the opposite side using the microdebrider .", "the follow-up period was @ @ months .", "the blakesley forceps caused a significantly lower np recurrence rate than the microdebrider ( p < @ ) , which was more effective in preventing synechia formation ( p < @ ) .", "only asthma was significantly associated with a higher recurrence rate , without being influenced by the instrument used ( p < @ ) .", "the manual instrument allowed for a significantly lower recurrence incidence but yielded a higher rate of synechia formation compared with the microdebrider .", "only asthma was significantly associated with a poorer clinical outcome , and gender , age , allergy , and eosinophilia did not affect the surgical prognosis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS" ]

[ "to compare the advantages of prolotherapy in the treatment of first carpometacarpal osteoarthritis ( oa ) with those of corticosteroid local injection in the short and long term .", "we performed a randomized controlled trial from march @ to march @ in an outpatient clinic at a university hospital .", "sixty participants ( @ hands ) with oa of the first carpometacarpal joint were assigned equally to two groups .", "for the corticosteroid group , after @ monthly saline placebo injections , a single dose of @ mg methylprednisolone acetate ( @ ml ) mixed with @ ml of @ % lidocaine was injected .", "for the dextrose ( dx ) group , @ ml of @ % dx was mixed with @ ml of @ % lidocaine and the injection was repeated monthly for @ months .", "pain intensity , hand function and the strength of lateral pinch grip were measured at the baseline and at @ , @ , and @ months after the treatment .", "mean age ( std ) was @ ( @ ) years , and mean ( std ) visual analog scale ( vas ) was @ ( @ ) .", "the two groups were comparable at @ months , but significantly different at @ month , with better results for corticosteroid , and at @ months with apparently more favorable outcome for dx [ mean difference ( @ % ci ) in vas = @ ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ] .", "after @ months of treatment , both dx and corticosteroid injection increased functional level , but dx seemed to be more effective [ mean difference ( @ % ci ) in total function score = @ ( @ , @ ) , p = @ ] .", "for the long term , dx seems to be more advantageous , while the two treatments were comparable in the short term .", "because of the satisfactory pain relief and restoring of function , we would prefer dx prolotherapy for the treatment of patients with oa .", "therapeutic studies -- investigating the results of treatment ; level i." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the effects of laparoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation with laparotomic hemostatic suturing during unilateral ovarian cystectomy on the ovarian reserve .", "a prospective randomized trial was conducted on @ women with unilateral benign ovarian cysts who underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy by a stripping technique ( n = @ ) or open laparotomy with hemostatic suturing ( n = @ ) .", "serum anti-mllerian hormone ( amh ) , antral follicle count ( afc ) , and ovarian stromal peak systolic velocity ( psv ) at the @st , @rd , and @th postoperative cycle were used to assess the ovarian reserve .", "preoperative amh levels did not differ significantly ( p = @ ) between the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups .", "in the laparoscopy group , there was a significant decrease in amh levels , afc , and psv at the @rd and @th postoperative cycles compared with the @st postoperative cycle , with an insignificant decrease between the @rd and @th cycles .", "in the laparotomy group , nonsignificant decreases in amh levels , afc , and psv were detected at the @st , @rd , and @th postoperative cycle and between the @rd and @th cycles .", "laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is associated with a significant reduction in ovarian reserve .", "this is a consequence of damage to the ovarian vascularity and the removal of an increased amount of ovarian tissue ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "inhaled corticosteroids ( ics ) are recommended first-line therapy for the treatment of persistent asthma .", "however , reports from observational studies have suggested that the use of ics may be associated with systemic adverse events , such as glaucoma and cataract ( opacity of the lens ) formation .", "to compare two ics over @ year regarding the formation/progression of lenticular opacities in patients with asthma .", "adults ( > or = @ years of age ) with moderate-to-severe asthma were randomized to ciclesonide @ micro g/day ( n = @ ) or beclomethasone dipropionate @ micro g/day ( n = @ ) in a multinational , double-blind , active-controlled , parallel-group study .", "the primary endpoint was the occurrence of a positive class i grading shift ( increase [ worsening ] in lens opacities classification system [ locs ] iii score of > or = @ for nuclear opalescence , > or = @ for cortical opacification , or > or = @ for posterior subcapsular opacification , or cataract surgery ) in either eye at any visit over the @-month , double-blind treatment period .", "mean changes ( + / - standard error ) in nuclear opalescence and cortical and posterior subcapsular opacification were small and similar between groups ( ciclesonide @ micro g/day : @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ , respectively ; beclomethasone dipropionate @ micro g/day : @ + / - @ , @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ , respectively ) .", "class i shifts were observed in @ % versus @ % of ciclesonide-treated and beclomethasone dipropionate-treated patients , respectively .", "ciclesonide @ micro g/day was non-inferior to beclomethasone dipropionate @ micro g/day regarding class i shifts ( risk ratio of ciclesonide to beclomethasone dipropionate , @ [ @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ] ) ; the @ % confidence interval upper bound was lower than the pre-specified non-inferiority bound of @ ( p < @ ) , thereby excluding the possibility of higher risk ratio values .", "mean changes in locs iii scores were very small in both groups .", "treatment with ciclesonide @ micro g/day or beclomethasone dipropionate @ micro g/day for @ year has a minimal impact on lenticular opacities development and/or progression ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a current recommendation for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( npc ) is conventional fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin plus adjuvant cisplatin and fluorouracil ( pf ) .", "in this randomized trial , the authors evaluated the potential therapeutic benefit from changing to an induction-concurrent chemotherapy sequence , replacing fluorouracil with oral capecitabine , and/or using accelerated rather than conventional radiotherapy fractionation .", "patients with stage iii through ivb , nonkeratinizing npc were randomly allocated to @ of @ treatment arms .", "the protocol was amended in @ to permit confining randomization to the conventional fractionation arms .", "the primary endpoint was progression-free survival .", "secondary endpoints included overall survival and safety .", "in total , @ patients were accrued , and @ patients were randomly allocated to all @ treatment arms .", "comparisons of induction pf versus adjuvant pf did not indicate a significant improvement .", "unadjusted comparisons of induction cisplatin and capecitabine ( px ) versus adjuvant pf indicated a favorable trend in progression-free survival for the conventional fractionation arm ( p = @ ) ; analyses that were adjusted for other significant factors and fractionation reflected a significant reduction in the hazards of disease progression ( hazard ratio [ hr ] , @ ; @ % confidence interval [ ci ] , @-@ @ ) and death ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .", "unadjusted comparisons of induction sequences versus adjuvant sequences did not reach statistical significance , but adjusted comparisons indicated favorable improvements by induction sequence .", "comparisons of induction px versus induction pf revealed fewer toxicities ( neutropenia and electrolyte disturbance ) , unadjusted comparisons of efficacy were statistically insignificant , but adjusted analyses indicated that induction px had a lower hazard of death ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .", "changing the fractionation from conventional to accelerated did not achieve any benefit but incurred higher toxicities ( acute mucositis and dehydration ) .", "preliminary results indicate that the benefit of changing to an induction-concurrent sequence remains uncertain ; replacing fluorouracil with oral capecitabine warrants further validation in view of its convenience , favorable toxicity profile , and favorable trends in efficacy ; and accelerated fractionation is not recommended for patients with locoregionally advanced npc who receive chemoradiotherapy ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the maximum resting pressure in the anal canal is greatly raised after hemorrhoidectomy .", "this increase is likely to be the cause of postoperative pain , which is still the most troublesome early problem after hemorrhoidectomy .", "this study was designed to compare , after hemorrhoidectomy , the effects of intrasphincter injection of botulinum toxin vs. application of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in improving wound healing and reducing postoperative pain at rest or during defecation .", "thirty patients with hemorrhoids of third and fourth degree were included in the study and randomized in two groups .", "anorectal manometry was performed preoperatively and @ and @ days after hemorrhoidectomy .", "one group received one injection containing @ iu of botulinum toxin , whereas the other an application of @ mg of @ percent glyceryl trinitrate ointment three times daily for @ days .", "five days after hemorrhoidectomy , maximum resting pressure was significantly reduced compared with baseline values in both groups ( @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ mmhg for the group treated with botulinum toxin , @ + / - @ vs. @ + / - @ mmhg for the group treated with glyceryl trinitrate ointment ) .", "overall analysis of postoperative pain at rest showed a significant reduction in the botulinum toxin group vs. glyceryl trinitrate group , whereas pain during defecation and time of healing were similar .", "adverse effects , such as headaches , were observed only in the glyceryl trinitrate group .", "forty days after hemorrhoidectomy in the glyceryl trinitrate group , maximum resting pressure values were similar to preoperative ones , whereas the values were still reduced in the botulinum toxin group .", "a single intrasphincter injection of botulinum toxin was more effective and safer than repeated applications of glyceryl trinitrate in reducing early postoperative pain at rest but not during defecation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "several studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease , a disease related to oxidative stress .", "however , the effects of different alcoholic beverages on antioxidant status are not fully known .", "our aim was therefore to compare the effects of a moderate intake of an alcoholic beverage with high polyphenol content ( red wine ) and another without polyphenol content ( gin ) on plasma antioxidant vitamins , lipid profile and oxidability of low-density lipoprotein ( ldl ) particles .", "forty healthy men ( mean age , @ years ) were included in a randomised cross-over trial .", "after a @-day washout period , subjects received @ g/ethanol/d as either wine or gin for @ days .", "diet and exercise were monitored .", "before and after each intervention , we measured serum vitamins , malondialdehyde ( mda ) , superoxide dismutase ( sod ) and glutathione peroxidase activities , lipid profile , oxidized ldl and ldl resistance to ex-vivo oxidative stress .", "compared to gin intervention , wine intake reduced plasma sod activity [ -@ u/ghb ( @ % confidence interval , ci , -@ to -@ ; p = @ ) ] and mda levels [ -@ nmol/l ( ci , -@ to-@ @ ; p = @ ) ] .", "lag phase time of ldl oxidation analysis also increased @ min ( ci , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) after wine , compared to gin , whereas no differences were observed between the two interventions in oxidation rate of ldl particles .", "peroxide concentration in ldl particles also decreased after wine [ -@ nmol/ml ( ci , -@ to-@ @ ;p = @ ) ] , as did plasma oxidized ldl concentrations [ -@ u/l ( ci,-@ @ to -@ ; p = @ ) ] .", "compared to gin , red wine intake has greater antioxidant effects , probably due to its high polyphenolic content ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this prospective study is to verify , in terms of both early postoperative complications and intraocular pressure ( iop ) outcomes , the performance of a scleral flap removable suture .", "sixty-six patients that underwent trabeculectomy were randomly divided into two groups : in the first group ( group a , @ eyes ) a standard fornix-based trabeculectomy was performed by using a conjunctival chain suture .", "in the second group ( group b , @ eyes ) the same technique was performed with the additional employment of a new removable suture to the scleral flap .", "the patients were followed-up for @ months .", "after @ year the mean iop was @ mmhg ( + / -@ mmhg ) in group a , and @ mmhg ( + / -@ mmhg ) in group b ; statistical analysis did not show significant differences between the two groups ( p = @ ) .", "early postoperative hypotony and shallowing of the anterior chamber were significantly more frequent after standard trabeculectomy than after trabeculectomy using the removable suture ( p < @ ) .", "the employment of a fornix-based conjunctival chain suture for the flap allows the use of the removable scleral flap suture , which has proved very effective in preventing insufficient flap resistance with aqueous overdrainage and hypotony , and which is also easy to apply and to remove .", "compared with standard trabeculectomy , this device has proved to have similar iop-lowering efficacy , together with a lower rate of early postoperative complications ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "pilot studies have shown that histamine h@ receptor antagonists augment the natural immunity against cancer in colorectal and gastric cancer by enhancing lymphocytic infiltration in the tumors .", "however , a study of adjuvant ranitidine failed to show a significant benefit in colorectal cancer , possibly because of the immunosuppression exerted by blood transfusion and post-operative infections .", "the pre-operative use of h@ receptor antagonists may therefore be of greater benefit .", "except for a pilot study using cimetidine , there are no trials that have evaluated the effect of pre-operative h@ receptor antagonists on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer .", "to evaluate the efficacy of famotidine in augmenting tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer .", "double blind , placebo controlled , prospective randomized study .", "twenty-three patients with resectable colorectal cancer were randomized to receive famotidine ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) .", "famotidine was given for @ week pre-operatively in a dose of @ mg per day p.o.", "after resection , the specimens were analyzed histologically for lymphocytic infiltration by a pathologist blinded to the two groups .", "lymphocytic infiltration more than @ cells per high power field , involving more than @ % of the tumor-normal tissue interface was considered significant .", "the two groups were comparable for age , gender , pre-operative carcino embryonic antigen ( cea ) levels and pathological stage .", "significant lymphocytic infiltration was seen in @ % ( @ of @ ) patients in the study group compared to only @ % ( @ of @ ) patients in the placebo group ( p = @ ) .", "despite fewer recurrences and a longer survival in the study group , the difference was not significant .", "this study shows that pre-operative famotidine may significantly enhance lymphocytic infiltration in colorectal cancer and may have potential for use as an anticancer agent in colorectal cancer ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the impact of an intensive multitherapy ( imt ) on perceived quality of life ( qol ) , attitudes , knowledge and diabetes self-management in patients with poorly controlled type @ diabetes .", "a @-month randomized trial was conducted in @ patients with type @ diabetes , hba@c > or = @ % , blood pressure ( bp ) > @/@ mmhg and dyslipidemia .", "subjects were assigned to the imt or control group , each n = @ .", "imt consisted in monthly visits including clinical and biochemical assessment , education sessions on diet , physical exercise , medical management of diabetes and associated diseases and adjustments in medication .", "control patients were under the care of their physicians .", "we developed and validated a diabetes-specific questionnaire assessing qol , attitudes , knowledge , diabetes self-management and socio-demographic data for this study .", "outcomes were measured at @ , @ and @ months .", "subjects were @ + / -@ years old ( duration of diabetes : @ + / -@ years ) .", "at baseline , questionnaires showed no difference in qol between groups .", "at @ months , qol improved significantly in the imt group when compared to controls ( +@ + / -@ / +@ + / -@ % , p = @ ) , particularly with respect to the satisfaction scale ( +@ + / -@ / +@ + / -@ % , p < @ ) .", "qol was not affected by complications or hypoglycaemic episodes .", "qol scores improved in imt subjects who began insulin therapy during the trial .", "attitude scores , in the high normal range at baseline , did not change .", "knowledge ( +@ + / -@ / +@ + / -@ % , p = @ ) and diabetes self-management ( +@ + / -@ / +@ + / -@ % , p < @ ) improved .", "in poorly controlled subjects , qol improved statistically despite the inherent constraints imposed by imt ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the incidence and severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) in japan tends to increase in elderly women .", "rikkunshito ( rkt ) , a traditional japanese medicine , acts as a prokinetic agent and improves gastric emptying and gastric accommodation .", "our previous prospective randomized placebo-controlled study showed that rkt combined with a standard-dose of rabeprazole ( rpz ) significantly improved the acid-related dysmotility symptoms ( ard ) in elderly patients with proton pump inhibitor ( ppi ) - refractory non-erosive reflux disease ( nerd ) .", "this study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics of elderly ppi-refractory nerd patients with ard symptoms who responded to rkt .", "two hundred forty-two patients with ppi-refractory nerd were randomly assigned to @ weeks of either rpz ( @ mg/q .", "d. ) + rkt ( @ g/t .", "i.d. ) ( rkt group ) or rpz + placebo ( pl group ) .", "among them , @ were elderly ( @ years ) with ard ( rkt group : n = @ ; pl group : n = @ ) .", "we analyzed the changes using the @ subscale score of frequency scale for the symptoms of gerd ( fssg ) and @ items of the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale at @ and @ weeks and compared the therapeutic efficacy between the @ groups .", "there were no marked differences in baseline demographic or clinical characteristics in the @ groups except for rate of current smoking .", "the fssg score ( mean sd at @ , @ , and @ weeks ) in both the rkt ( @ @ ; @ @ ; @ @ ) and pl ( @ @ ; @ @ , @ @ ) groups significantly decreased after treatment .", "however , the degree of improvement of total and ard scores of fssg after the @-week treatment was significantly greater in the rkt group than in the pl group .", "combination therapy with rkt for @ weeks showed significant improvement in @ subscale scores ( abdominal bloating , heavy feeling in stomach and sick feeling after meals ) of the ard domain and @ subscale score ( heartburn after meals ) of the reflux symptom domain .", "rkt may be useful for improving gerd symptoms in elderly ppi-refractory nerd patients with ard .", "thus , rkt was particularly effective for resolving postprandial gerd symptoms ( heavy feeling in stomach , sick feeling , and heartburn after meals ) .", "( umin@ ) ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of three dose levels of the oral hepatobiliary manganese-based magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) contrast agent cmc-@ , and assess its safety profile and patient acceptability .", "after ethics committee approval , @ healthy volunteers ( males/females : @/@ ) were included .", "liver mri was performed before and @ h after ingestion of @ , @ , and @ g of cmc-@ on separate occasions .", "liver-to-muscle signal intensity ( si ) ratio from baseline to post-contrast and image quality was assessed .", "adverse drug reactions/adverse events ( adrs/aes ) and clinico-laboratory tests were monitored .", "the increase in liver-to-muscle si ratio was significantly higher after @ g ( @ ) compared to @ g ( @ ) and @ g ( @ ) ( in all pair-wise comparisons , p < @ ) .", "the overall image quality was superior after @ g. adrs/aes were dose-related and predominantly of mild intensity .", "liver mri using @ g cmc-@ has the highest efficacy and still acceptable adrs and should therefore be preferred ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there is limited information from randomized controlled studies about the influence of pharmacist interventions on diabetes control .", "to evaluate the effect of a pharmacist intervention on improving diabetes control ; secondary endpoints were medication appropriateness and self-reported adherence .", "a randomized , controlled , multi-clinic trial was conducted in the university of washington medicine neighborhood clinics .", "seventy-seven subjects , > or = @ years old with a hemoglobin ( hb ) a ( @c ) > or = @ % at baseline and taking at least one oral diabetes medication , were randomized to receive a pharmacist intervention ( n = @ ) or usual care ( n = @ ) for @ months followed by a @-month usual-care observation period for both groups .", "subjects met with a clinical pharmacist to establish and initiate a diabetes care plan followed by weekly visits or telephone calls to facilitate diabetes management and adherence .", "hba ( @c ) , medication appropriateness , and self-reported adherence were assessed at baseline , @ months , and @ months .", "the mean hba ( @c ) did not differ between groups over the @-month period ( p = @ ) .", "a reduction in hba ( @c ) was noted for both groups over time compared with baseline ( p = @ ) ; however , control subjects relied more heavily on provider visits .", "medication appropriateness was not improved for diabetes medications ( p = @ ) .", "self-reported adherence was not significantly improved by the intervention .", "this pharmacist intervention did not significantly improve diabetes control , but did allow for similar hba ( @c ) control with fewer physician visits .", "medication appropriateness and self-reported adherence compared with usual care in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes were not changed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "additional drugs are needed for the treatment of cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) infection .", "artesunate is an antimalarial drug that has activity against cmv in vitro and in a rodent model .", "only a small number of case reports are available describing the clinical effects of artesunate on cmv infection , and these yielded inconsistent results .", "to evaluate the effect of artesunate on cmv infection , using blood samples collected from children who participated in malaria treatment trials .", "quantitative cmv dna pcr was performed on dried blood spots collected from @ ugandan children , who were randomized either to artesunate plus amodiaquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine for acute malaria infection .", "poisson regression was used to compare treatment regimens with respect to the change in the frequency and quantity of cmv detected that occurred before and after treatment .", "cmv was detected in @ % of children immediately prior to treatment and @ % @ days later ( p = @ ) .", "the average quantity of cmv was @ log@ copies per million cells higher on day @ than at treatment initiation ( @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) .", "there was no measurable difference in either the frequency or quantity of cmv detected in blood between children randomized to the two treatment arms .", "a standard @-day artesunate-containing antimalarial regimen had no detectable effect on cmv viremia in children with malaria .", "longer treatment courses and/or higher doses of artesunate than those routinely used for malaria may be required for effective treatment of cmv infection ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of the study was to investigate the hypoalgesic effects of a single spinal manipulation treatment on acute inflammatory reactions and pain induced by cutaneous application of capsaicin .", "twenty healthy subjects participated in the experiment , which consisted of @ sessions .", "in both sessions , following control measurements , topical capsaicin was applied to the right or left forearm to induce cutaneous inflammatory reactions .", "the cream was removed after @ minutes .", "then subjects received either spinal manipulation treatment ( smt ) or `` nonspinal manipulation treatment '' ( n-smt ) , respectively .", "in control as well as pretreatment and posttreatment intervals , the following tests were performed : measurement of the areas of mechanical hyperalgesia and stroking allodynia , assessment of spontaneous pain , and measurement of blood flow .", "the results confirmed that topical capsaicin induced inflammatory reactions based on occurrence of hyperalgesia and allodynia , augmented pain perception , and increased blood flow following capsaicin application compared with the control session .", "when compared with n-smt , spontaneous pain was rated significantly lower post-smt ( p < @ ) .", "in addition , areas of both secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia decreased after smt ( hyperalgesia : p < @ ; allodynia : p < @ ) .", "however , there was no significant treatment effect for local blood flow .", "these results suggest hypoalgesic effects following a single smt .", "as local vascular parameter was not affected by the single smt , the hypoalgesic effects appear to be due to central mechanisms ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study was designed to compare the efficacy and patient tolerance of standard orthograde bowel preparation using @ liters of polyethylene glycol solution with only @ liters of polyethylene glycol preceded by the stimulant laxative bisacodyl .", "three hundred eighty-two consecutive patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy under two surgeons over a six-month period were randomized to receive one of the two preparations .", "patients were asked to record the effects of the preparation and to give it a `` discomfort rating '' on a scale from @ to @ .", "surgeons were blinded to the preparation used and rated the quality of bowel cleansing on a scale of @ to @ .", "one hundred ninety-one patients were randomized to the @-liter preparation and @ to the @-liter preparation .", "ninety-three percent of patients in the @-liter group drank all of the solution as opposed to only @ percent of patients in the @-liter group .", "patients in the @-liter group gave the preparation significantly lower comfort scores than those in the @-liter group ( fisher 's exact test ; p = @ ) .", "the quality of bowel cleansing was not significantly different between the groups ( p = @ ) .", "a total of @ percent of the @-liter group and @ percent of the @-liter group were considered by the surgeon to have had a poor preparation ( rating @ or @ ) .", "the quality of the preparation was found to correlate with the patients ' age and compliance with the preparation regimen , and was found not to correlate with presenting symptoms , pathology , or a previous colonic resection .", "bowel preparation with bisacodyl and @ liters of polyethylene glycol is more acceptable to patients than a @-liter regimen and is equally effective in cleansing the colon ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "evaluating the translatability and feasibility of an intervention program has become as important as determining the effectiveness of the intervention .", "to evaluate the applicability of a @-month jump-landing training program in basketball players , using the re-aim ( reach , effectiveness , adoption , implementation , and maintenance ) framework .", "randomized controlled trial .", "national and regional basketball teams .", "twenty-four teams of the second highest national division and regional basketball divisions in flanders , belgium , were randomly assigned ( @:@ ) to a control group and intervention group .", "a total of @ athletes ( control group = @ , intervention group = @ ) , ages @ to @ years , volunteered .", "all exercises in the intervention program followed a progressive development , emphasizing lower extremity alignment during jump-landing activities .", "the results of the process evaluation of the intervention program were based on the @ dimensions of the re-aim framework .", "the injury incidence density , hazard ratios , and @ % confidence intervals were determined .", "the participation rate of the total sample was @ % ( reach ) .", "the hazard ratio was different between the intervention group and the control group ( @ [ @ % confidence interval = @ , @ ] ; effectiveness ) .", "of the @ teams in the intervention group , @ teams ( @ % ) agreed to participate in the study ( adoption ) .", "eight of the participating coaches ( @ % ) felt positively about the intervention program and stated that they had implemented the training sessions of the program as intended ( implementation ) .", "all coaches except @ ( @ % ) intended to continue the intervention program the next season ( maintenance ) .", "compliance of the coaches in this coach-supervised jump-landing training program was high .", "in addition , the program was effective in preventing lower extremity injuries ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to explore the impacts of acupuncture and rehabilitation on post-stroke abnormal patterns of limb movement and evaluate them via rehabilitation method .", "ninety cases of post-stroke movement disorder were randomly divided into an acupuncture-rehabilitation group , a body acupuncture group and a medication group , @ cases in each group .", "in medication group , the conventional medication in neurological department was administered .", "in acupuncture-rehabilitation group and body acupuncture group , on the basis of the therapy as medication group , scalp acupuncture ( such as parietal area and anterior parietal area , etc. ) , rehabilitation training and traditional body acupuncture [ such as jianyu ( li @ ) and fengshi ( gb @ ) , etc. ] were supplemented .", "the continuous electric stimulation was applied in body acupuncture group .", "the treatment lasted for @ weeks .", "the assessment of clinical efficacy , fugl-meyer score , modified ashworth scale ( mas ) , range of motion ( rom ) and shoulder pain score were taken as observation indices for rehabilitation evaluation before and after treatment in each group .", "the effective rate was @ % ( @/@ ) in acupuncture-rehabilitation group , which was superior to @ % ( @/@ ) in body acupuncture group and @ % ( @/@ ) in control group ( both p < @ ) separately .", "after treatment , fugl-meyer score , mas , rom of the lower limbs and shoulder joint and shoulder pain score ( except medication group ) were all remarkably improved as compared with those before treatment in each group ( all p < @ ) .", "the improvements in fugl-meyer score , mas , rom of the upper limbs and shoulder pain score in acupuncture-rehabilitation group were significantly superior to those in body acupuncture group and medication group ( p < @ , p < @ ) .", "acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy and traditional body acupuncture remarkably improve in post-stroke movement disorder .", "but acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy is apparently superior to traditional body acupuncture .", "this therapy can effectively prevent and treat post-stroke abnormal patterns and it is greatly significant in the improvement of survival quality for the patients ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "new and potent immunosuppressive regimens allow for reduced doses of corticosteroids after renal transplantation .", "the aims of our study were to investigate whether the use of low-dose corticosteroids is associated with a reduction in posttransplant bone loss and to assess the ability of cholecalciferol supplementation to further decrease bone loss in this setting .", "ninety patients admitted for renal transplantation and scheduled to be treated per protocol with low doses of prednisolone were randomized to receive either @ mg daily oral calcium ( ca group , n = @ ) or the same dose of calcium in association with a monthly dose of @,@ iu of vitamin d@ ( cavitd group , n = @ ) .", "bone mineral density ( bmd ) was measured by dual energy absorptiometry at baseline and at @ year .", "the overall population experienced a moderate but significant -@ + / -@ % loss of lumbar spine bmd ( p < @ ) but no bone loss at the femoral neck and shaft during the first posttransplant year .", "bone loss tended to be slightly higher in the cavitd group , but the difference did not reach statistical significance .", "patients in the cavitd group had significantly higher @ ( oh ) but not @,@ ( oh ) @ vitamin d levels .", "we observed a highly significant negative correlation between @ ( oh ) vitamin d and intact parathyroid hormone ( ipth ) serum levels .", "kidney-transplant recipients receiving modern immunosuppressive regimens with low doses of corticosteroids experience only minimal loss of bmd during the first posttransplant year .", "cholecalciferol supplementation did not prevent posttransplant bone loss but contributed to the normalization of ipth levels after renal transplantation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the prostate component of the prostate , lung , colorectal , and ovarian ( plco ) cancer screening trial was undertaken to determine whether there is a reduction in prostate cancer mortality from screening using serum prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) testing and digital rectal examination ( dre ) .", "mortality after @-@ years of follow-up has been reported previously .", "we report extended follow-up to @ years after the trial .", "a total of @ men , aged @-@ years , were enrolled at @ screening centers between november @ and july @ and randomly assigned to the intervention ( organized screening of annual psa testing for @ years and annual dre for @ years ; @ men ) and control ( usual care , which sometimes included opportunistic screening ; @ men ) arms .", "screening was completed in october @ .", "all incident prostate cancers and deaths from prostate cancer through @ years of follow-up or through december @ , @ , were ascertained .", "relative risks ( rrs ) were estimated as the ratio of observed rates in the intervention and control arms , and @ % confidence intervals ( cis ) were calculated assuming a poisson distribution for the number of events .", "poisson regression modeling was used to examine the interactions with respect to prostate cancer mortality between trial arm and age , comorbidity status , and pretrial psa testing .", "all statistical tests were two-sided .", "approximately @ % of the study participants were followed to @ years and @ % to @ years .", "at @ years , @ participants had been diagnosed with prostate cancer in the intervention arm compared with @ in the control arm .", "cumulative incidence rates for prostate cancer in the intervention and control arms were @ and @ per @ person-years , respectively , resulting in a relative increase of @ % in the intervention arm ( rr = @ , @ % ci = @ to @ ) .", "after @ years of follow-up , the cumulative mortality rates from prostate cancer in the intervention and control arms were @ and @ deaths per @ person-years , respectively , resulting in a non-statistically significant difference between the two arms ( rr = @ , @ % ci = @ to @ ) .", "no statistically significant interactions with respect to prostate cancer mortality were observed between trial arm and age ( p ( interaction ) = @ ) , pretrial psa testing ( p ( interaction ) = @ ) , and comorbidity ( p ( interaction ) = @ ) .", "after @ years of follow-up , there was no evidence of a mortality benefit for organized annual screening in the plco trial compared with opportunistic screening , which forms part of usual care , and there was no apparent interaction with age , baseline comorbidity , or pretrial psa testing ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "progressing stroke is one of the major determinants of outcome after acute ischemic stroke .", "a pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect of cilostazol on progressing stroke .", "adult patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke within @ hours after onset were randomized to receive cilostazol @ mg/day ( cilostazol group ) or no medication ( control group ) in addition to the optimum medical treatments ( a free radical scavenger plus an antiplatelet agent or an antithrombin agent ) .", "the primary endpoints were the rate of progressing stroke , defined as aggravation of the national institutes of health stroke scale ( nihss ) score by @ points on days @ and/or @ and a modified rankin scale score of @ to @ at @ months after enrollment .", "aggravation caused by systemic complications , edema , hemorrhagic infarction , or recurrent stroke was not considered as progressing stroke .", "this trial was registered as umin@ .", "a total of @ patients were enrolled from @ institutions in japan between february @ and july @ .", "the rate of progressing stroke was @ % and @ % in the cilostazol and control groups , respectively ( p = @ ) .", "the modified rankin scale score of @ to @ at @ months did not differ between the groups .", "cilostazol failed to show a preventive effect against acute progressing stroke .", "however , the tendency to reduce progressing stroke and the results of stratified analyses may encourage additional studies to clarify the effect of cilostazol in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the metabolic syndrome ( msyn ) affects about @ % of those with hypertension .", "the msyn and hypertension have a common pathophysiology .", "exercise is recommended for their treatment , prevention and control .", "the influence of the msyn on the antihypertensive effects of aerobic exercise is not known .", "we examined the influence of the msyn on the blood pressure ( bp ) response following low ( light , @ % peak oxygen consumption , vo@peak ) and moderate ( moderate , @ % vo@peak ) intensity , aerobic exercise .", "subjects were @ men ( @ + / - @ yr ) with pre - to stage @ hypertension ( @ + / - @ / @ + / - @ mmhg ) and borderline dyslipidemia .", "men with msyn ( n = @ ) had higher fasting insulin , triglycerides and homeostasis model assessment ( homa ) and lower high density lipoprotein than men without msyn ( n = @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "subjects consumed a standard meal and @ hr later completed one of three randomized experiments separated by @ hr .", "the experiments were a non-exercise control session of seated rest and two cycle bouts ( light and moderate ) .", "bp , insulin and glucose were measured before , during and after the @ min experiments .", "subjects left the laboratory wearing an ambulatory bp monitor for the remainder of the day .", "repeated measure ancova tested if bp , insulin and glucose differed over time among experiments in men without and with the msyn with homa as a covariate .", "multivariable regression analyses examined associations among bp , insulin , glucose and the msyn .", "systolic bp ( sbp ) was reduced @ mmhg ( p < @ ) and diastolic bp ( dbp ) @ mmhg ( p = @ ) after light compared to non-exercise control over @ hr among men without versus with msyn .", "bp was not different after moderate versus non-exercise control between msyn groups ( p > or = @ ) .", "the factors accounting for @ % of the sbp response after light were baseline sbp ( beta = -@ , r@ = @ , p = @ ) , msyn ( beta = @ , r@ = @ , p = @ ) , and homa ( beta = -@ , r@ = @ , p = @ ) .", "msyn ( r@ = @ , p = @ ) was the only significant correlate of the dbp response after light .", "men without the msyn respond more favorably to the antihypertensive effects of lower intensity , aerobic exercise than men with the msyn .", "if future work confirms our findings , important new knowledge will be gained for the personalization of exercise prescriptions among those with hypertension and the msyn ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "dietary flaxseed lowers cholesterol in healthy subjects with mild biomarkers of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) .", "the aim was to investigate the effects of dietary flaxseed on plasma cholesterol in a patient population with clinically significant cvd and in those administered cholesterol-lowering medications ( clms ) , primarily statins .", "this double-blind , randomized , placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of a diet supplemented for @ mo with foods that contained either @ g of milled flaxseed [ milled flaxseed treatment ( fx ) group ; n = @ ] or @ g of whole wheat [ placebo ( pl ) group ; n = @ ] in a patient population with peripheral artery disease ( pad ) .", "plasma lipids were measured at @ , @ , @ , and @ mo. .", "dietary flaxseed in pad patients resulted in a @ % reduction in circulating ldl cholesterol as early as @ mo into the trial ( p = @ ) .", "the concentration in the fx group ( @ @ mmol/l ) tended to be less than in the pl group ( @ @ mmol/l ) at @ mo ( p = @ ) , but not at @ mo ( p = @ ) .", "total cholesterol also tended to be lower in the fx group than in the pl group at @ mo ( @ % , p = @ ) and @ mo ( @ % , p = @ ) , but not at @ mo ( p = @ ) .", "in a subgroup of patients taking flaxseed and clm ( n = @ ) , ldl-cholesterol concentrations were lowered by @ % @ % compared with baseline after @ mo. .", "this differed from the pl + clm subgroup ( n = @ ) , which increased by @ % @ % ( p = @ ) to a final concentration of @ @ mmol/l .", "milled flaxseed lowers total and ldl cholesterol in patients with pad and has additional ldl-cholesterol-lowering capabilities when used in conjunction with clms .", "this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in the @-@ % of diabetic men with type @ diabetes , erectile dysfunction ( ed ) may be a particularly common and unwanted complication .", "this is the first study focusing exclusively on the effects of sildenafil in men with type @ diabetes and ed .", "a total of @ patients were entered into a double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel-group , flexible-dose study and were randomized to receive sildenafil ( @-@ mg ; n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) for @ weeks .", "efficacy was evaluated using questions three ( q@ ; achieving an erection ) and four ( q@ ; maintaining an erection ) from the international index of erectile function ( iief ) , a global efficacy question ( geq ; `` did treatment improve your erections ? '' )", ", and a patient event log of sexual activity .", "improvements in mean scores from baseline to end-of-treatment for iief q@ ( @ vs. @ % ) and q@ ( @ vs. @ % ) were significant in patients receiving sildenafil compared with those receiving placebo ( p = @ ) .", "moreover , the percent of improved erections ( geq , @ vs. @ % ) and successful intercourse attempts ( @ vs. @ % ) was significantly increased with sildenafil compared with placebo .", "improvements in sexual function were seen irrespective of the degree of ed severity .", "adverse events were generally mild to moderate in severity , with headache ( @ vs. @ % ) , flushing ( @ vs. @ % ) , and dyspepsia ( @ vs. @ % ) reported more often in the sildenafil than in placebo-treated patients .", "treatment with sildenafil for ed was effective , resulting in an increased percentage of successful attempts at intercourse , and was well tolerated among men with type @ diabetes ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the effectiveness of rehabilitative and medically oriented day hospital care on community-based long-term care patients .", "a randomized , controlled trial .", "@ patients on home-care in a rural area were randomized into two groups .", "patients in one group were offered a @-month period of rehabilitation and medical care in a recently opened day hospital , and in the other group patients were offered treatment , as before , in home care .", "both groups were examined at the beginning and at @ , @ and @ months .", "rehabilitative and medically oriented day hospital care .", "use of health services , physical functioning measured by the katz adl index , subjective health , symptoms , and satisfaction with care .", "the groups used hospitals ( excluding the day hospital treatment ) equally during the follow-up year .", "the treatment group had significantly more specialist consultations than did the control group .", "there were no clinically significant differences in the changes in the katz adl index although more changes were found in the treatment group .", "the number of symptoms was reduced significantly in the treatment group , whereas the number of symptoms remained unchanged in the control group .", "the patients ' views of their own health improved in the treatment group .", "day hospital care affects the quality of life of older people , but it does not reduce the use of other health services , nor does it clinically significantly improve the physical functioning of older people ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the results of interferon alpha-@b ( ifn alpha-@b ) with mitomycin c ( mmc ) treatment in trabeculectomy .", "@ cases @ eyes with late stage of primary open angle glaucoma ( poag ) were randomly studied by treatment with ifn alpha-@b or mmc following trabeculectomy , each group consisting of @ eyes .", "of the cases , @ were bilateral , one eye was designed to use ifn alpha-@b , and the other eye , apply mmc .", "all patients were ranged from @ to @ years old , and they all received the surgery the first time .", "the surgical procedure was similar in all eyes .", "the ifn alpha-@b treated eyes were subconjunctivally injected @ x @ ( @ ) iu at filtering bleb when the operation was finished immediately and on the postoperative day @ , @ , @ and @ , respectively .", "the mmc-receiving eyes were intraoperatively administered with @ mg/ml via a sponge under the conjunctival flap for @ minutes .", "the follow-up was ranged from @ to @ months .", "( @ ) the @th month life-table success rate of functional bleb formation was ( @ + / - @ ) % in ifn alpha-@b-treated group and ( @ + / - @ ) % in mmc-received group , the difference being not statistically significant ( u = @ , p > @ ) .", "the eyes with ifn alpha-@b tended to form type ii blebs were according to kronfeld classification , whereas type i blebs were commonly seen in mmc-treated eyes ( chi ( @ ) = @ , p < @ ) .", "the percentages of intraocular pressure between @ - @ mmhg on postoperative month @ , @ , @ and @ , respectively in ifn alpha-@b group were higher than that in mmc group .", "( @ ) the @th month life-table complete and qualified success rates were ( @ + / - @ ) % and ( @ + / - @ ) % in ifn alpha-@b group , ( @ + / - @ ) % and ( @ + / - @ ) % in mmc group , respectively ( u = @ , @ , p > @ ) .", "( @ ) complications induced by ifn alpha-@b were rare , mainly involving transient corneal epithelial defect , whereas by mmc included thin-wall blebs , persistent hypotony and hypotonous maculopathy .", "the decrease of visual acuity was seen in @ % of the cases in mmc group , whereas only @ % occurred in ifn alpha-@b group ( chi ( @ ) = @ @ , p < @ ) .", "ifn alpha-@b has similar effect as mmc to reduce the risk of failure of glaucoma filtration surgery , but it has more advantages over because of its fewer complications ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "few studies have measured the ability of interventions to affect declining - cell function in screen-detected type @ diabetes .", "the early diabetes intervention programme ( clinicaltrials.gov nct@ ) was a randomized study based on the hypothesis that improving postprandial glucose excursions with acarbose would slow the progression of fasting hyperglycaemia in screen-detected type @ diabetes .", "in the early diabetes intervention programme , the effect of acarbose plus lifestyle advice on progression of fasting hyperglycaemia over a @-year period was not greater than that of placebo .", "however , there was an early glucose-lowering effect of the trial .", "the objective of the current secondary analysis was to describe - cell function changes in response to glucose lowering .", "participants were overweight adult subjects with screen-detected type @ diabetes .", "- cell function was measured using hyperglycaemic clamps and oral glucose tolerance testing .", "the primary outcome was the change in - cell function from baseline to year @ , the time point where the maximal glucose-lowering effect was seen .", "at baseline , participants exhibited markedly impaired first-phase insulin response .", "despite significant reductions in weight , fasting plasma glucose ( pg ) and @-h pg , there was no clinically significant improvement in the first-phase insulin response .", "late-phase insulin responses declined despite beneficial glycaemic effects of interventions .", "insulin secretion is already severely impaired in early , screen-detected type @ diabetes .", "effective glucose-lowering intervention with acarbose was not sufficient to improve insulin secretion or halt the decline of - cell function ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare the efficacy of ciclesonide ( @ microg/day ) with fluticasone propionate ( @ microg/day ) in mild to moderate persistent asthma .", "patients aged @-@ years and previously treated with low doses of inhaled corticosteroid ( fluticasone propionate @ microg/day or equivalent ) entered a @-@ week run-in period during which only rescue medication was permitted .", "for inclusion into the double-blind , @-week treatment period , patients had to show a forced expiratory volume in @s ( fev ( @ ) ) of @-@ % predicted and a decrease in fev ( @ ) during run-in of > or = @ % .", "patients ( n = @ ) were randomized to ciclesonide @ microg ( ex-actuator ) once daily in the evening or fluticasone propionate @ microg ( ex-valve ) twice daily .", "the primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline in fev ( @ ) .", "secondary efficacy variables included asthma control and asthma-specific quality of life .", "both treatments significantly increased fev ( @ ) and other lung function variables from baseline ( p < @ , both groups , all variables ) .", "the least squares mean increases in fev ( @ ) were @ l ( ciclesonide ) and @ l ( fluticasone propionate ) ; non-inferiority of ciclesonide to fluticasone propionate was demonstrated ( p = @ , per-protocol analysis ) .", "five patients in each group experienced asthma exacerbations .", "improvements in the percent of days with asthma control ( days with no asthma symptoms and no use of rescue medication ) and asthma-specific quality of life were comparable between treatments .", "the study confirmed similar efficacy of ciclesonide @ microg once daily and fluticasone propionate @ microg twice daily in mild to moderate persistent asthma .", "the low dose of ciclesonide was efficacious during long-term treatment .", "eudract number : @-@-@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "calcium absorption was determined from calcium-fortified diluted orange juice , which contained additional citrate or malate , in @ normal subjects .", "each load of fortified orange juice with additional citrate ( oj+c ) contained @ mg ca , @ meq malate , and @ meq citrate ( @ meq of which were added ) .", "each load of orange juice with additional malate ( oj+m ) had @ mg ca , @ meq citrate and @ meq malate ( @ meq of which were added ) .", "for each subject , fractional ( intestinal ) calcium absorption was measured by taking the ratio of fractional forearm radioactivity following an oral administration of oj+c or oj+m ( labeled with @ca ) and the fractional forearm radioactivity obtained after intravenous administration of trace @ca chloride on a separate occasion .", "there was no significant difference in fractional calcium absorption from the two calcium-fortified orange juice preparations ( @ + / - @ % for oj+c and @ + / - @ % for oj+m , p = @ ) .", "calcium-fortified orange juice with additional citrate provides equivalent bioavailable calcium as the juice with additional malate ." ]