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[ "to investigate women 's understanding of prenatal testing options and of their own experience with screening , diagnostic genetic testing , or both .", "this was a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of enhanced information and values clarification regarding prenatal genetic testing in the absence of financial barriers to testing .", "women in the third trimester of pregnancy were asked whether they had discussed prenatal genetic testing with their health care providers , whether they understood this testing was optional , and whether they had undergone testing during their pregnancy .", "multivariable logistic regression models were fit to determine independent predictors of these outcomes .", "data were available from @ study participants .", "discussions about screening tests were reported by @ participants ( @ % ) ; only @ ( @ % ) reported discussing diagnostic testing .", "that screening and diagnostic testing were optional was evident to approximately two thirds of women ( n = @ and @ , respectively ) .", "recall of actual tests undergone was correct for @ ( @ % ) for screening and for @ ( @ % ) for diagnostic testing .", "racial , ethnic and socioeconomic variation existed in the understanding of whether screening and diagnostic tests were optional and in the correct recall of whether screening had been undertaken in the current pregnancy .", "in the usual care group , women receiving care in low-income settings were less likely to recall being offered diagnostic testing ( adjusted odds ratio @ -lsb- @-@ @ -rsb- ) .", "disparities exist in women 's recall of prenatal genetic testing discussions and their understanding of their own experience .", "interventions that explain testing options to women and help clarify their preferences may help to eliminate these differences ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "new antithrombotic drugs for prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders in af that are less demanding on local staff and facilities than warfarin should be welcomed if proved successful .", "the comparative value and possible dangers of substituting the new drug dabigatran as a replacement remain to be established .", "its safety and effectiveness must be reviewed and assessed by further study .", "clinical results of the european action on anticoagulation ( eaa ) computer-assisted dosage study and the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulation therapy ( re-ly ) trial have been compared .", "clinical events were lower in patients on warfarin in the eaa study compared to patients on both warfarin and dabigatran in the re-ly study .", "evaluations should recognize optimum requirements for safe and effective administration of both types of drug .", "in the warfarin arm improvements in effectiveness and safety recently introduced ( i.e. the pt/inr line and variance growth analysis ) should be included as they have been shown to be successful in improved prediction of bleeding and further thromboembolism .", "the incidence of bleeding with dabigatran , for which there is no antidote , will require evaluation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cardiac troponin and b-type natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) concentrations are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome in primary prevention populations .", "whether statin therapy modifies this association is poorly understood .", "we measured high-sensitivity cardiac troponin i ( hstni ) in @ and bnp in @ participants without cardiovascular disease in the justification for the use of statins in prevention : an intervention trial evaluating rosuvastatin ( jupiter ) trial before randomization to rosuvastatin @ mg/d or placebo .", "nearly @ % of participants had detectable circulating hstni , and @ % of men and @ % of women had levels above proposed sex-specific reference limits of @ and @ ng/l , respectively .", "hstni concentrations in the highest tertile were associated with a first major cardiovascular event ( adjusted hazard ratio -lsb- ahr -rsb- , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p for trend < @ ) .", "bnp levels in the highest tertile were also associated a first cardiovascular event ( ahr , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p for trend < @ ) .", "the risk of all-cause mortality was elevated for the highest versus the lowest tertiles of hstni ( ahr , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p for trend < @ ) and bnp ( ahr , @ ; @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p for trend @ ) .", "rosuvastatin was equally effective in preventing a first cardiovascular event across categories of hstni ( ahr range , @-@ @ ) and bnp ( ahr range , @-@ @ ) with no statistically significant evidence of interaction ( p for interaction = @ and @ , respectively ) .", "in a contemporary primary prevention population , baseline cardiac troponin i and bnp were associated with the risk of vascular events and all-cause mortality .", "the benefits of rosuvastatin were substantial and consistent regardless of baseline hstni or bnp concentrations .", "url : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .", "unique identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to test the efficacy of nutritional guidelines for school lunch cooks aiming to reduce added sugar in school meals and their own sugar intake .", "a controlled randomized cluster trial was carried out in twenty public schools in the municipality of niteroi in rio de janeiro , southeastern brazil , from march to december @ .", "a nutrition educational program was implemented in the schools in question through messages , activities and printed educational materials encouraging reduced levels of added sugar in school meals and in the school lunch cooks ' own intake .", "the reduced availability of added sugar in schools was evaluated using spreadsheets including data on the monthly use of food item supplies .", "the cooks ' individual food intake was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire .", "anthropometric measurements were taken according to standardized techniques and variation in weight was measured throughout the duration of the study .", "there was a more marked reduction in the intervention schools compared to the control schools ( -@ kg versus @ kg ) , but no statistically significant difference ( p = @ ) , although the study power was low .", "both groups of school lunch cooks showed a reduction in the consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages , but the difference in sugar intake was not statistically significant .", "weight loss and a reduction in total energy consumption occurred in both groups , but the difference between them was not statistically significant , and there was no alteration in the percentages of adequacy of macronutrients in relation to energy consumption .", "the strategy of reducing the use and consumption of sugar by school lunch cooks from public schools could not be proved to be effective ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to characterize via nmr spectroscopy the full spectrum of metabolic changes in umbilical vein blood plasma of newborns diagnosed with different clinical forms of intrauterine growth restriction ( iugr ) .", "@ early iugr cases and matched @ adequate-for-gestational-age ( aga ) controls and @ late iugr cases with @ matched agas were included in this study .", "early iugr was defined as a birth weight < @ ( th ) centile , abnormal umbilical artery ( ua ) doppler and delivery < @ weeks .", "late iugr was defined as a birth weight < @ ( th ) centile with normal ua doppler and delivery > @ weeks .", "this group was subdivided in @ vasodilated ( vd ) and @ non-vd late iugr fetuses .", "all aga patients had a birth weight > @ ( th ) centile .", "( @ ) h nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) metabolomics of the blood samples collected from the umbilical vein at delivery was obtained .", "multivariate statistical analysis identified several metabolites that allowed the discrimination between the different iugr subgroups , and their comparative levels were quantified from the nmr data .", "the nmr-based analysis showed increased unsaturated lipids and vldl levels in both early and late iugr samples , decreased glucose and increased acetone levels in early iugr .", "non-significant trends for decreased glucose and increased acetone levels were present in late iugr , which followed a severity gradient when the vd and non-vd subgroups were considered .", "regarding amino acids and derivatives , early iugr showed significantly increased glutamine and creatine levels , whereas the amounts of phenylalanine and tyrosine were decreased in early and late-vd iugr samples .", "valine and leucine were decreased in late iugr samples .", "choline levels were decreased in all clinical subforms of iugr .", "iugr is not associated with a unique metabolic profile , but important changes are present in different clinical subsets used in research and clinical practice .", "these results may help in characterizing comprehensively specific alterations underlying different iugr subsets ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare intraocular lens implantation using a motorized injector vs standard manual injector through a @-mm clear corneal incision .", "patients underwent standard phacoemulsification using a @-mm clear corneal incision .", "hydrophobic acrylic aspheric intraocular lens ( acrysof sn@wf intraocular lens ( iol ) ) was inserted using d cartridge with manual monarch injector or autosert motorized injector .", "iol safety , final incision size and wound integrity in terms of anterior and posterior wound gape , and descemet 's membrane detachment were compared between the two groups at post-operative day @ and at @ month using anterior segment optical coherence tomography .", "the study recruited @ patients in the group i ( manual injector ) and @ patients in group ii ( motorized injector ) .", "in group i , the final incision after iol insertion increased by @ mm ( @ % ci : @-@ @ ) ( p < @ ) , which was seen in @ % of the patients .", "in group ii , the incision enlarged by @ ( @ % ci : @-@ @ ) ( p = @ ) and was seen in only @ % of the cases .", "iol nicks were seen in @ % of the cases in group i only .", "although the incidence of descemet 's membrane detachment and anterior wound gape was similar for both groups , posterior wound gape was seen more often with the manual injector in the immediate post-operative period .", "( p = @ ) conclusion : the motorized insertion system was gentle and safe for the iols with lesser incidence of iol nicks .", "regarding wound safety , it caused significantly less incision enlargement and better posterior wound integrity ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS" ]

[ "to discuss the drug intervention in diversity changes of tcrvbeta gene in aids patients with incomplete immune reconstitution .", "pbmcs were isolated from @ cases of aids patients failure to immune reconstitution before and after treatment with immune @ and @ cases of hiv negative healthy donors .", "the human gene tcrvbeta cdr@ diversity quantitative detection reagent box were used , and mapped the distribution of gene scanning and calculated different cdr@ fragme of each vbeta family size .", "compared with the normal group , there appeared some single or oligoclonal amplification of vbeta cdr@ region in the patients , which were improved or recovered after treatment .", "among them , d value of four families ( @ , @ , @ , @ ) decreased after treatment in both groups .", "the decrease in family @ and @ was significant ( p < @ ) in treatment group compared with the control group .", "and family @ was decreased in treatment group and increased significantly in control group ( p < @ ) .", "study of the mechanism showed oligoclonal of tcrvbeta family can get recovery in some degrees after treated by immune @ plus haart , suggesting that the medicine may promote t-cell receptor gene rearrangement , helping immune cells to effectively identify the virus to reduce t-cell apoptosis ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "mother-to-child transmission of hiv remains an important public health problem in sub-saharan africa .", "as hiv testing and linkage to pmtct occurs in antenatal care ( anc ) , major challenges for any pmtct option in developing countries , including tanzania , are delays in the first anc visit and a low overall number of visits .", "community health workers ( chws ) have been effective in various settings in increasing the uptake of clinical services and improving treatment retention and adherence .", "at the beginning of this trial in january @ , the world health organization recommended either of two medication regimens , option a or b , for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hiv ( pmtct ) .", "it is still largely unclear which option is more effective when implemented in a public healthcare system .", "this study aims to determine the effectiveness , cost-effectiveness , acceptability , and feasibility of : ( @ ) a community health worker ( cwh ) intervention and ( @ ) pmtct option b in improving anc and pmtct outcomes .", "this study is a cluster-randomized controlled health systems implementation trial with a two-by-two factorial design .", "all @ administrative wards in the kinondoni and ilala districts in dar es salaam were first randomly allocated to either receiving the chw intervention or not , and then to receiving either option b or a. under the standard of care , facility-based health workers follow up on patients who have missed scheduled appointments for pmtct , first through a telephone call and then with a home visit .", "in the wards receiving the chw intervention , the chws : ( @ ) identify pregnant women through home visits and refer them to antenatal care ; ( @ ) provide education to pregnant women on antenatal care , pmtct , birth , and postnatal care ; ( @ ) routinely follow up on all pregnant women to ascertain whether they have attended anc ; and ( @ ) follow up on women who have missed anc or pmtct appointments .", "clinicaltrials.gov : ejf@ .", "registration date : @ may @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "spinal anesthesia is widely used for caesarean section due to its rapid onset , low failure rate , complete analgesia .", "addition of intrathecal ketamine and opioids to local anaesthetics seems to improve the quality of block and prolong the duration of analgesia .", "the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intrathecal ketamine mixed with hyperbaric bupivacaine to intrathecal fentanyl mixed with hyperbaric bupivacaine .", "one hundred parturients asa grade i scheduled for elective or semiurgent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomly divided into two groups .", "group a received @ml ( @ mg ) hyperbaric bupivacaine @ % plus @ mg preservative free ketamine .", "group b received @ml ( @mg ) hyperbaric bupivacaine @ % plus @g fentanyl .", "the patients were observed intraoperatively for the onset of sensory block , degree of motor block and total duration of analgesia .", "the time to achieve bromage scale @ motor blockade was shorter in group a than in group b. ( p = @ ) whereas time to achieve highest dermatomal level of sensory block was shorter in group a than in group b ( p = @ ) .", "the duration of spinal analgesia was longer in group b than in group a ( p = @ ) .", "the frequency of side effect such as sedation score was higher in group a compared to group b ( p = @ ) .", "the incidence of pruritus was significantly higher in group b compared to group a ( p = @ ) .", "addition of preservative free ketamine lead to faster onset of sensory and motor blockade , although it did not prolong the duration of spinal analgesia compared to addition of fentanyl in parturients undergoing caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aims to determine the outcome of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) reconstruction using an allograft in comparison with acl reconstruction using a double-bundle autograft or a single-bundle allograft .", "a total of @ patients who accepted primary acl reconstructions were divided randomly into three groups : double-bundle technique with autograft ( db-au group , n = @ ) , double-bundle technique with allograft ( db-al group , n = @ ) , and single-bundle technique with allograft ( sb group , n = @ ) .", "the kt-@ arthrometer and pivot-shift tests were performed at @ , @ , and @ months after surgery , and clinical outcome measurements include the lysholm score and the ikdc rating scales .", "radiological assessments evaluated arthritic changes and tunnel expansion at @ months postoperatively .", "the kt-@ test scores in the db-au and db-al groups were significantly better than those in the sb group at @ and @ months postoperatively ( p < @ ) .", "the pivot-shift tests scores in the db-au and db-al groups were significantly better than those in the sb group at the @ , @ , and @ month follow-ups ( p < @ ) .", "based on the ikdc score and lysholm score , there were no significant difference between the three groups during follow-up ( p > @ ) .", "at @ months postoperatively , @ % of patients in the sb group showed a progression in arthritic changes , which was greater than in the db-au ( @ % ) and db-al ( @ % ) groups ( p < @ ) .", "at @ months , the rates of tunnel expansion in the db-au group and the db-al group were lower than in the sb group ( p < @ ) .", "double-bundle acl reconstruction can be used to achieve better anterior and rotational stability and has a lower rate of arthritic progression and tunnel expansion than the single-bundle procedure .", "i." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "METHODS" ]

[ "fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine ( fdc-i/h ) reduced mortality by @ % and death or first hospitalization for heart failure ( hf ) by @ % in the african-american heart failure trial ( a-heft ) .", "reduction in mortality makes it difficult to determine the effect on hospitalizations unless the analysis adjusts for death as a competing risk .", "in a-heft , @ self-identified black patients with moderate to severe hf were randomized to fdc-i/h or placebo .", "the effects of fdc-i/h on first and all hospitalizations and @-day readmission rates were analyzed .", "deaths as competing risks were adjusted using fine-gray regression and joint models of hospitalizations and mortality .", "there were @ all-cause and @ hf hospitalizations in placebo compared with @ and @ hospitalizations in the fdc-i/h group .", "adjusting for deaths as a competing risk , the effect of fdc-i/h on the first hospitalization for hf , expressed in hazard ratio ( @ % confidence interval ) , was @ ( @-@ @ ; p < @ ) and @ ( @-@ @ ; p = @ ) on the first all-cause hospitalization .", "the effect of fdc-i/h on all recurrent hospitalizations for hf was @ ( @-@ @ ; p = @ ) , similar to the effect on the first hospitalizations for hf , whereas the effect on all hospitalizations for any cause was @ ( @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "the @-day all-cause readmission rate after the first hospitalization for hf was @ % ( @ of @ ) in placebo versus @ % ( @ of @ ) in the fdc-i/h group , but the effect ( @ ; @-@ @ ; p = @ ) in this small subgroup was not significant .", "treatment with fdc-i/h was associated with a substantial reduction in the first and recurrent hf hospitalizations , and in total all-cause hospitalizations , reducing the total burden of costly and distressing hospitalizations .", "http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .", "unique identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "hemodialysis patients are at risk of serious health complications , yet treatment non-adherence remains high .", "warnings about health risks associated with non-adherence may trigger defensive reactions .", "we studied whether an intervention based on self-affirmation theory ( steele @ ) reduced patients ' resistance to health-risk information and improved adherence .", "one hundred twelve patients either self-affirmed or completed a matched control task before reading about the risks associated with a lack of phosphate control .", "serum phosphate was collected from baseline up to @months .", "self-affirmed patients had significantly reduced serum phosphate levels at @ and @months .", "however , contrary to the predictions derived from self-affirmation theory , self-affirmed participants and controls did not differ in their evaluation of the health-risk information , behavioural intention or self-efficacy .", "a low-cost , high-reach health intervention based on self-affirmation theory was shown to reduce serum phosphate over a @month period .", "further work is required to identify mediators of the observed effects ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "bardoxolone methyl , an nrf@-activating and nuclear factor-b-inhibiting semisynthetic oleanane triterpenoid compound , was evaluated in a phase @ trial ( beacon ) in patients with type @ diabetes mellitus ( t@dm ) and stage @ chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .", "the trial was terminated because of an increase in heart failure events in the bardoxolone methyl group , many of which appeared related to fluid retention .", "thus , additional analyses were conducted to explain these serious adverse events .", "patients ( n = @,@ ) were randomized to receive once-daily bardoxolone methyl ( @ mg ) or placebo .", "twenty-four-hour urine collections were analyzed in a subset of the beacon population and from a separate , open-label pharmacology study in patients with stage @b/@ ckd and t@dm administered @ mg bardoxolone methyl once daily for @ consecutive days .", "bardoxolone-methyl-treated patients in the beacon substudy had a clinically meaningful reduction in urine volume and sodium excretion at week @ relative to baseline ( p < @ ) , and a separate study revealed that decreased sodium excretion and urine output occurred in some patients with stage @ ckd but not those with stage @b ckd .", "the clinical phenotype of fluid overload and heart failure in beacon was similar to that observed with endothelin receptor antagonists in advanced ckd patients , and preclinical data demonstrate that bardoxolone methyl modifies endothelin signaling .", "the totality of the evidence suggests that through modulation of the endothelin pathway , bardoxolone methyl may pharmacologically promote acute sodium and volume retention and increase blood pressure in patients with more advanced ckd ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "continuous theta burst stimulation ( ctbs ) of the human primary motor cortex ( m@ ) induces long-term depression ( ltd ) - like plastic changes in corticospinal excitability , but several studies have reported high inter-subject variability of this effect .", "most studies use a tonic voluntary contraction of the target muscle before ctbs to set stimulation intensity ; however , it is unclear how this might affect response variability .", "to examine the influence of pre-activation of the target hand muscle on inter-subject response variability to ctbs of the human m@ .", "the response to ctbs was assessed by changes in motor evoked potential ( mep ) amplitude in the right first dorsal interosseous ( fdi ) muscle .", "for study @ , ten healthy subjects attended two sessions .", "they were instructed in one session to keep their fdi relaxed for the entire testing period ( pre-relax ) , and in the other to perform a @-min @ % of maximal voluntary tonic contraction @ min before ctbs ( pre-active ) .", "for study @ , data from our previous study were re-analyzed to extend the pre-relax condition to an additional @ subjects ( total n = @ ) .", "ctbs-induced highly consistent ltd-like mep depression in the pre-relax condition , but not in the pre-active condition .", "inter-subject response variability increased in the pre-active condition .", "ctbs induces consistent ltd-like plasticity with low inter-subject variability if pre-activation of the stimulated motor cortex is avoided .", "this affirms a translational potential of ctbs in clinical applications that aim at reducing cortical excitability ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "current thinking , which is based mainly on rodent studies , is that physiologic doses of folic acid ( pterylmonoglutamic acid ) , such as dietary vitamin folates , are biotransformed in the intestinal mucosa and transferred to the portal vein as the natural circulating plasma folate , @-methyltetrahydrofolic acid ( @-mthf ) before entering the liver and the wider systemic blood supply .", "we tested the assumption that , in humans , folic acid is biotransformed ( reduced and methylated ) to @-mthf in the intestinal mucosa .", "we conducted a crossover study in which we sampled portal and peripheral veins for labeled folate concentrations after oral ingestion with physiologic doses of stable-isotope-labeled folic acid or the reduced folate @-formyltetrahydrofolic acid ( @-formylthf ) in @ subjects with a transjugular intrahepatic porto systemic shunt ( tipss ) in situ .", "the tipss allowed blood samples to be taken from the portal vein .", "fifteen minutes after a dose of folic acid , @ @ % of labeled folate in the hepatic portal vein was unmodified folic acid .", "in contrast , after a dose of labeled @-formylthf , only @ @ % of labeled folate in the portal vein was unmodified @-formylthf , and the rest had been converted to @-mthf after @ min ( postdose ) .", "the human gut appears to have a very efficient capacity to convert reduced dietary folates to @-mthf but limited ability to reduce folic acid .", "therefore , large amounts of unmodified folic acid in the portal vein are probably attributable to an extremely limited mucosal cell dihydrofolate reductase ( dhfr ) capacity that is necessary to produce tetrahydrofolic acid before sequential methylation to @-mthf .", "this process would suggest that humans are reliant on the liver for folic acid reduction even though it has a low and highly variable dhfr activity .", "therefore , chronic liver exposure to folic acid in humans may induce saturation , which would possibly explain reports of systemic circulation of unmetabolized folic acid ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "ankle sprains continue to pose a significant burden to the individual athlete , as well as to society as a whole .", "however , despite ankle sprains being the single most common sports injury and despite an active approach by various dutch organisations in implementing preventive measures , large-scale community uptake of these preventive measures , and thus actual prevention of ankle sprains , is lagging well behind .", "in an attempt to bridge this implementation gap , the dutch consumer safety institute veiligheidnl developed a freely available interactive app ( ` strenghten your ankle ' translated in dutch as : ` versterk je enkel ; available for ios and android ) that contains - next to general advice on bracing and taping - a proven cost-effective neuromuscular program .", "the ` strengthen your ankle ' app has not been evaluated against the ` regular ' prevention approach in which the neuromuscular program is advocated through written material .", "the aim of the current project is to evaluate the implementation value of the ` strengthen your ankle ' app as compared to the usual practice of providing injured athletes with written materials .", "in addition , as a secondary outcome measure , the cost-effectiveness will be assessed against usual practice .", "the proposed study will be a randomised controlled trial .", "after stratification for medical caregiver , athletes will be randomised to two study groups .", "one group will receive a standardized eight-week proprioceptive training program that has proven to be cost-effective to prevent recurrent ankle injuries , consisting of a balance board ( machu / msg europe bvba ) , and a traditional instructional booklet .", "the other group will receive the same exercise program and balance board .", "however , for this group the instructional booklet is exchanged by the interactive ` strengthen your ankle ' app .", "this trial is the first randomized controlled trial to study the implementation effectiveness of an app for proprioceptive balance board training program in comparison to a traditional printed instruction booklet , with the recurrence of ankle sprains among athletes as study outcome .", "results of this study could possibly lead to changes in practical guidelines on the treatment of ankle sprains and in the use of mobile applications for injury prevention .", "results will become available in @ .", "the netherlands national trial register ntr@ .", "the ntr is part of the who primary registries ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "topical glaucoma medications lower intraocular pressure and alter the course of the disease .", "because adherence with glaucoma medications is a known problem , interventions are needed to help those patients who do not take their medications as prescribed .", "to assess the ability of an automated telecommunication-based intervention to improve adherence with glaucoma medications .", "we performed a prospective cohort study of medication adherence , followed by a randomized intervention for those found to be nonadherent , of individuals recruited from a university-based glaucoma subspecialty clinic .", "a total of @ participants were enrolled in the initial assessment of adherence .", "of those , @ were nonadherent with their medications after @ months of electronic monitoring and randomized to intervention and control groups .", "a personal health record was used to store the list of patient medications and reminder preferences .", "on the basis of those data , participants randomized to the intervention received daily messages , either text or voice , reminding them to take their medication .", "participants randomized to the control group received usual care .", "difference in adherence before and after initiation of the intervention .", "using an intent-to-treat analysis , we found that the median adherence rate in the @ participants randomized to the intervention increased from @ % to @ % ( p < @ ) .", "there was no statistical change in @ participants in the control group .", "to assess the real efficacy of the intervention , the same comparison was performed for the participants who successfully completed the study after randomization .", "analyzed this way , the adherence rate in the @ participants in the intervention group increased from @ % to @ % ( p < @ ) , whereas there was again no statistical change in the @ participants in the control group .", "eighty-four percent of the participants who received reminders agreed they were helpful and would continue using them outside the study .", "automated telecommunication-based reminders linked to data in a personal health record improved adherence with once-daily glaucoma medications .", "this is an effective method to improve adherence that could realistically be implemented in ophthalmology practices with a minimum amount of effort on the part of the practice or the patient ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rifapentine has potent activity in mouse models of tuberculosis chemotherapy but its optimal dose and exposure in humans are unknown .", "we conducted a randomized , partially blinded dose-ranging study to determine tolerability , safety , and antimicrobial activity of daily rifapentine for pulmonary tuberculosis treatment .", "adults with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were assigned rifapentine @ , @ , or @ mg/kg or rifampin @ mg/kg daily for @ weeks ( intensive phase ) , with isoniazid , pyrazinamide , and ethambutol .", "the primary tolerability end point was treatment discontinuation .", "the primary efficacy end point was negative sputum cultures at completion of intensive phase .", "a total of @ participants were enrolled .", "at completion of intensive phase , cultures on solid media were negative in @ % of participants in the rifampin group versus @ % ( p = @ ) , @ % ( p = @ ) , and @ % ( p = @ ) in the rifapentine @ , @ , and @ mg/kg groups .", "liquid cultures were negative in @ % ( rifampin group ) versus @ % ( p = @ ) , @ % ( p = @ ) , and @ % ( p = @ ) , respectively .", "compared with the rifampin group , the proportion negative at the end of intensive phase was higher among rifapentine recipients who had high rifapentine areas under the concentration-time curve .", "percentages of participants discontinuing assigned treatment for reasons other than microbiologic ineligibility were similar across groups ( rifampin , @ % ; rifapentine @ , @ , or @ mg/kg , @ , @ , and @ % , respectively ) .", "daily rifapentine was well-tolerated and safe .", "high rifapentine exposures were associated with high levels of sputum sterilization at completion of intensive phase .", "further studies are warranted to determine if regimens that deliver high rifapentine exposures can shorten treatment duration to less than @ months .", "clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov ( nct @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "rhomboid excision with limberg flap repair ( relif ) is an effective surgical procedure in pilonidal sinus disease ( psd ) treatment .", "this study aimed to compare outcome of diathermy and scalpel in relif procedure in psd surgery .", "patients undergoing relif procedure due to psd at adana numune training and research hospital between january @ and september @ were randomly assigned to diathermy ( n = @ ) or scalpel ( n = @ ) groups .", "the primary outcomes measured were duration of operation , drainage volume , postoperative numerical pain intensity scale ( npis ) scores , complications , duration of hospitalization length and time to return to daily activity .", "the mean age was @ years ( @-@ years ) .", "the mean operation duration was significantly lower in diathermy group ( p = @ ) .", "postoperative total npis score within the first @ h was significantly lower in diathermy group ( p = @ ) .", "however , there were not any significant differences in term of npis scores in day @ and day @ .", "there were no significant differences in terms of total drain output , drain removal time and length of hospital stay .", "there were no significant differences between groups in terms of duration to sit comfortably , return to daily activity and work .", "recurrence of psd was emerged in one patient in the diathermy group .", "diathermy dissection in relif procedure in pilonidal sinus surgery is a safe technique and decreased operation time and postoperative pain ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "a self-control study was designed to compare the process of creeping substitution between allograft bone and local bone grafting in lumbar interbody fusion .", "from december @ to july @ , @ patients ( mean age : @ ) were included in this study and randomly allocated to two groups .", "leopard cages were using in unilateral instrumentation transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion .", "in group @ , the cages were filled with the local bone on the side of the instrumentation and allograft bone on the other side .", "in group @ , they were totally filled with the local bone chips .", "then , the special ct-reconstructions were made at @ - and @-month follow-up .", "on the sagittal section , the sections of ct-reconstructions were perpendicular to the lateral axis of the cage from the side of the cage to the other side .", "similarly , they were parallel to the lateral axis of the cage on the coronal section and intervertebral space on the cross section .", "the mean area size of bone mass on both sides of the cage was calculated , respectively , using image analysis software ( osirix , version @ ) on each section in two groups .", "in group @ , at @ - and @-month follow-up , significant differences were observed in the mean area size of bone mass between allograft bone and local bone grafting on the coronal , cross , and sagittal section .", "in group @ , the mean area size of local bone on both sides of the cage had no significant differences at @ - and @-month follow-up on each section .", "the results of our study showed a superiority of local bone grafting over allograft bone ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to evaluate the efficacy of sequential therapy of cryotherapy and sinecatechins @ % ointment bid versus cryotherapy alone in treatment of external genital warts ( egw ) .", "forty-two subjects with at least two egw lesions underwent cryotherapy to all lesions .", "one week following cryotherapy , subjects were randomized @:@ to receive either no additional treatment or treatment with sinecatechins @ % ointment bid up to @ weeks or until complete clearance .", "the total number of visible baseline and new egw were recorded at each visit .", "subjects were followed for a total of @ weeks post-treatment .", "there was a significant reduction in mean number of lesions from baseline after @ weeks of treatment in the cryotherapy-sinecatechins ointment group compared to cryotherapy alone ( -@ lesions vs -@ lesions respectively , p = @ ) .", "cryotherapy plus sinecatechins @ % ointment bid resulted in a significant improvement in the reduction of egw compared to cryotherapy alone .", "clinicaltrials.gov registration identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the mek inhibitor , selumetinib , suppresses soft-tissue sarcoma ( sts ) cell proliferation in vitro .", "mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors possess modest activity against sts ; however , resistance develops via mapk pathway feedback activation .", "the combination of selumetinib and temsirolimus synergistically inhibits sts cell line growth .", "therefore , a randomized phase ii trial of selumetinib vs selumetinib plus temsirolimus was conducted .", "seventy-one adults with advanced sts who received @ prior chemotherapeutics were randomized to selumetinib @ mg p.o. bid and allowed to crossover upon progression , or to selumetinib @ mg p.o. bid plus temsirolimus @ mg i.v. weekly , with primary endpoint of progression-free survival ( pfs ) .", "there was no difference in pfs between the two arms for the overall cohort ( median @ vs @ months ) ; an improved median pfs was observed in the combination arm ( n = @ ) over single agent ( n = @ ) in the prespecified leiomyosarcoma stratum ( median @ vs @ months ; p = @ ) .", "four-month pfs rate was @ % ( @ % confidence interval @-@ @ ) with the combination vs @ % with selumetinib alone in the leiomyosarcoma cohort .", "most common grade @/@ adverse events with the combination were mucositis ( @ % ) , lymphopenia ( @ % ) , neutropenia and anaemia ( @ % each ) .", "while single-agent selumetinib has no significant activity in sts , the combination may be active for leiomyosarcomas ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "more than seven out of @ dutch construction workers describe their work as physically demanding .", "ergonomic measures can be used to reduce these physically demanding work tasks .", "to increase the use of ergonomic measures , employers and workers have to get used to other working methods and to maintaining them .", "to facilitate this behavioural change , participatory ergonomics ( pe ) interventions could be useful .", "for this study a protocol of a pe intervention is adapted in such a way that the intervention can be performed by an ergonomics consultant through face-to-face contacts or email contacts .", "the objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the face-to-face guidance strategy and the e-guidance strategy on the primary outcome measure : use of ergonomic measures by individual construction workers , and on the secondary outcome measures : the work ability , physical functioning and limitations due to physical problems of individual workers .", "the present study is a randomised intervention trial of six months in @ companies to establish the effects of a pe intervention guided by four face-to-face contacts ( n = @ ) or guided by @ email contacts ( n = @ ) on the primary and secondary outcome measures at baseline and after six months .", "construction companies are randomly assigned to one of the guidance strategies with the help of a computer generated randomisation table .", "in addition , a process evaluation for both strategies will be performed to determine reach , dose delivered , dose received , precision , competence , satisfaction and behavioural change to find possible barriers and facilitators for both strategies .", "a cost-benefit analysis will be performed to establish the financial consequences of both strategies .", "the present study is in accordance with the consort statement .", "the outcome of this study will help to @ ) evaluate the effect of both guidance strategies , and @ ) find barriers to and facilitators of both guidance strategies .", "when these strategies are effective , implementation within occupational health services can take place to guide construction companies ( and others ) with the implementation of ergonomic measures .", "-lsb- corrected -rsb- trailnumber : isrctn@ , date of registration : @ july @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the reported prevalence of radiological osteoarthritis ( oa ) after anterior cruciate ligament ( acl ) reconstruction varies from @ % to @ % .", "purpose /", "to report the prevalence of oa after acl reconstruction and to compare the oa prevalence between quadrupled semitendinosus tendon ( st ) and bone-patellar tendon-bone ( bptb ) grafts .", "the hypothesis was that there would be no difference in oa prevalence between the graft types .", "the secondary aim was to study whether patient characteristics and additional injuries were associated with long-term outcomes .", "randomized controlled trial ; level of evidence , @ .", "radiological examination results , tegner activity levels , and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score ( koos ) values were determined in @ ( @ % ) of @ patients at a mean of @ years after acl reconstruction randomized to an st or a bptb graft .", "osteoarthritis was defined according to a consensus by at least @ of @ radiologists of kellgren-lawrence grade @ .", "using regression analysis , graft type , sex , age , overweight , time between injury and reconstruction , additional meniscus injury , and a number of other variables were assessed as risk factors for oa @ years after acl reconstruction .", "osteoarthritis of the medial compartment was most frequent , with @ % of oa cases in the acl-reconstructed knee and @ % of oa cases in the contralateral knee ( p < @ ) .", "there was no difference between the graft types : @ % of oa of the medial compartment for bptb grafts and @ % for st grafts ( p = @ ) .", "the koos results were lower for patients with oa in all subscales , indicating that oa was symptomatic .", "no difference in the koos between the graft types was found .", "meniscus resection was a strong risk factor for oa of the medial compartment ( odds ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) in the multivariable logistic regression analysis .", "a @-fold increased prevalence of oa was found after an acl injury treated with reconstruction compared with the contralateral healthy knee .", "no differences in the prevalence of oa between the bptb and quadrupled st reconstructions were found .", "an initial meniscus resection was a strong risk factor for oa ; the time between injury and reconstruction was not ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "microencapsulated sodium butyrate ( msb ) has been previously associated with anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties regarding large bowel mucosa .", "we aimed to examine a role of msb in patients with diverticulosis , hypothesizing its potential for reduction of diverticulitis episodes and diverticulitis prevention .", "seventy-three patients with diverticulosis ( diagnosed in colonoscopy or/and barium enema or/and ct colography ) were recruited for the study and randomized .", "the investigated group was administered msb @ mg daily ; the control group was administered placebo .", "after @ months , a total of @ patients completed the study and were subject to analysis ( @ subjects and @ controls ) .", "during the study , the number of episodes of diverticulitis ( symptomatic diagnosis with acute pain , fever , and leukocytosis ) , hospitalizations , and surgery performed for diverticulitis were recorded .", "additionally , a question regarding subjective improvement of symptoms reflected changes in quality of life during the analysis .", "after @ months , the study group noted a significantly decreased number of diverticulitis episodes in comparison to the control group .", "the subjective quality of life in the study group was higher than in the control group .", "there were no side effects of the msb during the therapy .", "msb reduces the frequency of diverticulitis episodes , is safe , and improves the quality of life .", "it can play a role in the prevention of diverticulitis ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "based on the early results of the placement of aortic transcatheter valves ( partner ) trial , transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( tavr ) is an accepted treatment for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not suitable for surgery .", "however , little information is available about the late clinical outcomes in such patients .", "we did this randomised controlled trial at @ experienced valve centres in canada , germany , and the usa .", "we enrolled patients with severe symptomatic inoperable aortic stenosis and randomly assigned ( @:@ ) them to transfemoral tavr or to standard treatment , which often included balloon aortic valvuloplasty .", "patients and their treating physicians were not masked to treatment allocation .", "the randomisation was done centrally , and sites learned of the assignment only after a patient had been screened , consented , and entered into the database .", "the primary outcome of the trial was all-cause mortality at @ year in the intention-to-treat population , here we present the prespecified findings after @ years .", "this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "we screened @ patients , of whom @ were enrolled ( mean age @ years , society of thoracic surgeons predicted risk of mortality @ % , @ % female ) .", "@ were assigned to tavr treatment and @ were assigned to standard treatment .", "@ patients crossed over from the standard treatment group and ten withdrew from study , leaving only six patients at @ years , of whom five had aortic valve replacement treatment outside of the study .", "the risk of all-cause mortality at @ years was @ % in the tavr group versus @ % in the standard treatment group ( hazard ratio @ , @ % ci @-@ ; p < @ ) .", "at @ years , @ ( @ % ) of @ survivors in the tavr group had new york heart association class @ or @ symptoms compared with three ( @ % ) of five in the standard treatment group .", "echocardiography after tavr showed durable haemodynamic benefit ( aortic valve area @ cm ( @ ) at @ years , mean gradient @ mm hg at @ years ) , with no evidence of structural valve deterioration .", "tavr is more beneficial than standard treatment for treatment of inoperable aortic stenosis .", "tavr should be strongly considered for patients who are not surgical candidates for aortic valve replacement to improve their survival and functional status .", "appropriate selection of patients will help to maximise the benefit of tavr and reduce mortality from severe comorbidities .", "edwards lifesciences ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection is an important sociomedical problem worldwide because the chronification of the disease is frequent and the occurance of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma can be expected .", "the aim of this study was to determine the way of infection , pathohistological changes of the liver , virus genotype presence and sustained virological response after pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy in prison inmates .", "the study included @ patients with chronic hcv infection classified in two groups managed during @-@ .", "the first group consisted of prisoners ( n = @ ) and the second one of `` non-prisoners '' ( n = @ ) .", "the patients from both groups underwent diagnostic preparation ( biochemical analyses , liver biopsy , hepatitis virus detection and genotypisation using polymerase chain reaction issue ) .", "the treatment lasted for @ weeks for virus genotypes @ and @ , and @ weeks for genotypes @ and @ .", "all the patients were males , approximately the same age ( @ + / - @ and @ + / - @ years ) .", "virus genotype @ was significantly more frequent in the prisoners ( p < @ ) , that demanded longer treatment ( @ weeks ) .", "at the same time , statistically significant higher number of patients , `` non-prisoners '' , achieved a sustained virological response ( p < @ ) .", "intravenous drug abuse and tattoos , separately or together , are the most frequent way of infection in prisoners .", "the dominant presence of virus genotype @ resulted in lower number of patients with sustained virological response , probably regardless prison environment and regime ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "during spinal surgery , intraoperative monitoring of motor-evoked potentials ( meps ) is a useful means of assessing the intraoperative integrity of corticospinal pathways .", "however , meps are known to be particularly sensitive to the suppressive effects of inhalational halogenated anesthetic agents .", "to investigate the effects of increasing end-tidal concentrations of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia in a background of propofol and remifentanil with multipulse cortical stimulation on intraoperative monitoring of meps .", "in this randomized crossover trial , @ consecutive patients ( @ in each arm ) undergoing major spine surgery , under a background anesthetic of propofol ( @ to @ mcg/kg/min ) and remifentanil ( @ to @ mcg/kg/min ) , were randomly assigned to receive the sequence of inhalational agents studied : either des-sevo ( desflurane followed by sevoflurane ) ; or sevo-des ( sevoflurane followed by desflurane ) .", "multiples ( @ , @ , and @ ) of minimum alveolar concentration ( mac ) of desflurane and sevoflurane were administered .", "after a washout period of @ minutes using high fresh oxygen/air flows , each of the patients then received the other gas as the second agent .", "cortical stimulation was achieved with a train of @ equivalent square pulses , each @ ms in duration , delivered at @ ms intervals .", "mep recordings were made in the upper limb ( ul ) from first dorsal interosseus and lower limb ( ll ) from tibialis anterior with subdermal needle electrodes .", "at @ mac desflurane , there was no statistical significant difference in transcranial-evoked mep amplitudes from the baseline in both ul and ll stimulation .", "however , this was not the case for sevoflurane for which even a low concentration at @ mac significantly depressed mep amplitudes of ll ( but not ul ) from baseline value .", "desflurane at @ and @ mac depresses ll mep to @ % and @ % of baseline , respectively ( p < @ ) , whereas sevoflurane at @ , @ , and @ mac depresses ll mep to @ % , @ % , and @ % of baseline , respectively ( p < @ ) .", "there was no difference in latency of the responses at any mac .", "inhalational anesthetic agents ( sevoflurane > desflurane ) suppress mep amplitudes in a dose-dependent manner .", "the use of @ mac of desflurane ( but not sevoflurane ) provided good mep recordings acceptable for clinical interpretation for both upper and lls .", "the ll appears to be more sensitive to anesthetic-induced depression compared with the ul .", "all patients studied had normal neurological examination hence , these results may not be applicable to those with preexisting deficits ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine are first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in cameroon .", "no study has yet compared the efficacy of these drugs following the who recommended @-day follow-up period .", "the goal of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy , tolerability and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine ( asaq ) , artemether-lumefantrine ( al ) and dihydroartemisinin piperaquine ( dhap ) among children aged less than ten years in two malaria-endemic ecological regions of cameroon .", "a three-arm , randomized , controlled , non-inferiority trial was conducted among children of either gender aged six months ( > @kg ) to ten years ( n = @ ) with acute uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum infection .", "parents/guardians of children provided consent prior to randomization to receive asaq , dhap or al in the ratio of @:@:@ , respectively .", "treatment outcome was assessed based on standard who @ classification after @days of follow-up .", "the primary outcome was pcr-corrected day-@ cure rates .", "the non-inferiority , one-sided , lower limit asymptotic @ % confidence interval ( ci ) on the difference in pcr-corrected cure rates of asaq and dhap when compared to al was accepted if the lower limit of the ci was greater than -@ % .", "secondary outcomes were parasite and fever clearances and day @ haemoglobin changes .", "pcr-corrected pp cure rates of @ , @ and @ , respectively , for al , asaq and dhap was observed .", "the lower bound of the one-sided @ % ci calculated around the difference between day-@ cure rate point estimates in al and asaq groups , al and dhap groups were , -@ % and -@ % respectively .", "there were no statistical significant differences in parasite or fever clearance times between treatments , although fever clearance pattern was different between asaq and dhap .", "no statistical significant differences were observed in the occurrence of adverse events among treatment groups .", "asaq and dhap are considered safe and tolerable and are not inferior to al in the treatment of uncomplicated p. falciparum malaria in cameroonian children .", "nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to study the effect of therapeutic hypothermia ( th ) on deoxyribonucleic acid ( dna ) damage and the neurodevelopmental outcome in term babies with perinatal asphyxia .", "babies in the hypothermia group were cooled for the first @ h , using gel packs .", "rectal temperature of @-@c was maintained .", "blood sample was collected before , at @ h and after completion of th for assessment of comet assay and @-hydroxy@-deoxyguanosine ( @-ohdg ) .", "infants were followed up till @ months .", "baseline parameters were similar .", "after @ h , the hypothermia group showed lower olive tail moment ( @ @ ) than the control group ( @ @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "@-hdg levels increased significantly in the control group ( @ @ ) as compared to the hypothermia group ( @ @ ) ( p < @ ) .", "neurodevelopmental assessment at @ months showed significantly low motor and mental developmental quotient in the control than hypothermia group .", "th reduces oxidative stress-induced dna damage and improves neurodevelopmental outcome .", "< trial registration no : ctri/@/@ / @ >" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare integrated automated load distributing band cpr ( ia-cpr ) with high-quality manual cpr ( m-cpr ) to determine equivalence , superiority , or inferiority in survival to hospital discharge .", "between march @ , @ and january @ , @ a randomized , unblinded , controlled group sequential trial of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of presumed cardiac origin was conducted at three us and two european sites .", "after ems providers initiated manual compressions patients were randomized to receive either ia-cpr or m-cpr .", "patient follow-up was until all patients were discharged alive or died .", "the primary outcome , survival to hospital discharge , was analyzed adjusting for covariates , ( age , witnessed arrest , initial cardiac rhythm , enrollment site ) and interim analyses .", "cpr quality and protocol adherence were monitored ( cpr fraction ) electronically throughout the trial .", "of @ randomized patients , @ ( @ % ) met post enrollment exclusion criteria .", "therefore , @ ( @ % ) received ia-cpr and @ ( @ % ) m-cpr .", "sustained rosc ( emergency department admittance ) , @h survival and hospital discharge ( unknown for @ cases ) for ia-cpr compared to m-cpr were @ ( @ % ) vs. @ ( @ % ) , @ ( @ % ) vs. @ ( @ % ) , @ ( @ % ) vs. @ ( @ % ) patients , respectively .", "the adjusted odds ratio of survival to hospital discharge for ia-cpr compared to m-cpr , was @ ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) , meeting the criteria for equivalence .", "the @ min cpr fraction was @ % for ia-cpr and @ % for m-cpr .", "compared to high-quality m-cpr , ia-cpr resulted in statistically equivalent survival to hospital discharge ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "certain disorders , such as depression and anxiety , to which serotonin dysfunction is historically associated , are also associated with lower assessments of other people 's trustworthiness .", "serotonergic changes are known to alter cognitive responses to threatening stimuli .", "this effect may manifest socially as reduced apparent trustworthiness of others .", "trustworthiness judgments can emerge from either direct observation or references provided by third parties .", "we assessed whether explicit judgments of trustworthiness and social influences on those judgments are altered by changes within serotonergic systems .", "we implemented a double-blind between-subject design where @ healthy female volunteers received a single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( ssri ) citalopram ( @ mg ) , while @ control subjects ( matched on age , intelligence , and years of education ) received a placebo .", "subjects performed a face-rating task assessing how trustworthy they found @ unfamiliar others ( targets ) .", "after each rating , the subjects were told how other subjects , on average , rated the same target .", "the subjects then performed @ min of distractor tasks before , unexpectedly , being asked to rate all @ faces again , in a random order .", "compared to subjects receiving a placebo , subjects receiving citalopram rated targets as less trustworthy .", "they also conformed more to opinions of others , when others rated targets to be even less trustworthy than subjects had initially indicated .", "the two effects were independent of negative effects of citalopram on subjective state .", "this is evidence that serotonin systems can mediate explicit assessment and social learning of the trustworthiness of others ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "sarcoplasmic reticulum ( sr ) ca ( @ + ) - handling proteins play an important role in myocardial dysfunction after acute ischemia/reperfusion injury .", "we hypothesized that nitrite would improve postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide ( no ) generation and that the mechanism of this protection is related to the modulation of sr ca ( @ + ) - handling proteins .", "we conducted a randomized prospective animal study using male sprague-dawley rats .", "cardiac arrest was induced by intravenous bolus of potassium chloride ( @ g/g ) .", "nitrite ( @ nmol/g ) or placebo was administered when chest compression was started .", "no cardiac arrest was induced in the sham group .", "hemodynamic parameters were monitored invasively for @ minutes after the return of spontaneous circulation ( rosc ) .", "echocardiogram was performed to evaluate cardiac function .", "myocardial samples were harvested @ minutes and @ hour after rosc .", "myocardial function was significantly impaired in the nitrite and placebo groups after resuscitation , whereas cardiac function ( i.e. , ejection fraction and fractional shortening ) was significantly greater in the nitrite group than in the placebo group .", "nitrite administration increased the level of nitric oxide in the myocardium @ min after resuscitation compared to the other two groups .", "the levels of phosphorylated phospholamban ( plb ) were decreased after resuscitation , and nitrite increased the phosphorylation of phospholamban compared to the placebo .", "no significant differences were found in the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum ca ( @ + ) atpase ( serca@a ) and ryanodine receptors ( ryrs ) .", "postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction is associated with the impairment of plb phosphorylation .", "nitrite administered during resuscitation improves postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction by preserving phosphorylated plb protein during resuscitation ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "group medical clinics may improve diabetes and hypertension control , but data about dyslipidemia are limited .", "we examined the impact of group medical clinics on lipids among patients with uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension .", "prespecified secondary analysis of @ veterans randomized to group medical clinics or usual care .", "lipids were assessed at study baseline , midpoint , and end .", "we used linear mixed models to compare lipid levels between arms and generalized estimating equation models to compare low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldl-c ) goal attainment .", "an additional post hoc analysis examined intensification of cholesterol-lowering medications in both arms .", "at baseline , mean total cholesterol was @ mg/dl ( sd @ ) , ldl-c @ mg/dl ( sd @ ) , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( hdl-c ) @ mg/dl ( sd @ ) .", "median baseline triglycerides were @ mg/dl ( interquartile range @ ) .", "by study end , mean total cholesterol and ldl-c in group medical clinics were @ mg/dl ( p = @ ) and @ mg/dl ( p = @ ) lower than usual care , respectively ; @ % of group medical clinic patients met goals for ldl-c , versus @ % of usual care patients ( p = @ ) .", "triglycerides and hdl-c remained similar between study arms .", "treatment intensification occurred in @ % of group medical clinic patients , versus @ % of usual care patients between study baseline and end ( p = @ ) .", "the mean statin dose was higher in group medical clinic patients at study midpoint and end .", "group medical clinics appear to enhance lipid management among patients with diabetes and hypertension .", "this may be a result of greater intensification of cholesterol-lowering medications in group medical clinics relative to usual care ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "red ginseng is prepared by steaming raw ginseng , a process believed to increase the pharmacological efficacy .", "further bioconversion of red ginseng through fermentation is known to increase its intestinal absorption and bioactivity , and bioconversion diminishes the toxicity of red ginseng 's metabolite .", "this study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily supplementation with fermented red ginseng ( frg ) on glycemic status in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type @ diabetes .", "this study was a four-week long , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial .", "forty-two subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type @ diabetes were randomly allocated to two groups assigned to consume either the placebo or fermented red ginseng ( frg ) three times per day for four weeks .", "fasting and postprandial glucose profiles during meal tolerance tests were assessed before and after the intervention .", "frg supplementation led to a significant reduction in postprandial glucose levels and led to an increase in postprandial insulin levels compared to the placebo group .", "there was a consistently significant improvement in the glucose area under the curve ( auc ) in the frg group .", "however , fasting glucose , insulin , and lipid profiles were not different from the placebo group .", "daily supplementation with frg lowered postprandial glucose levels in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type @ diabetes .", "clinicaltrials.gov : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the aim of the study was to determine whether docosahexaenoic acid ( dha ) supplementation improves the behavior of children with autism .", "a group of @ - to @-year-old children with autism were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive a supplement containing @ mg of dha or a placebo for @ months .", "the parents and the investigator completed the clinical global impressions-improvement scale to rate changes in core symptoms of autism after @ and @ months .", "the parents completed the child development inventory and the aberrant behavior checklist , and both parents and teachers completed the behavior assessment scale for children ( basc ) at enrollment and after @ months .", "a total of @ children ( @ -lsb- @ % -rsb- boys , mean age -lsb- standard deviation -rsb- @ -lsb- @ -rsb- years ) were enrolled ; @ received dha and @ placebo .", "despite a median @ % increase in total plasma dha levels after @ months , the dha group was not rated as improved in core symptoms of autism compared to the placebo group on the cgi-i .", "based on the analysis of covariance models adjusted for the baseline rating scores , parents ( but not teachers ) provided a higher average rating of social skills on the basc for the children in the placebo group compared to the dha group ( p = @ ) , and teachers ( but not parents ) provided a higher average rating of functional communication on the basc for the children in the dha group compared to the placebo group ( p = @ ) .", "dietary dha supplementation of @ mg/day for @ months does not improve the core symptoms of autism .", "our results may have been limited by inadequate sample size ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "we evaluated the efficacy and safety of an early invasive strategy post-fibrinolysis in relation to glycoprotein ( gp ) iib/iiia inhibitor use .", "the trial of routine angioplasty and stenting after fibrinolysis to enhance reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction ( transfer-ami ) randomised @ st elevation myocardial infarction patients to an early invasive strategy or standard therapy post-fibrinolysis .", "the primary end point was the composite of death , reinfarction , recurrent ischaemia , new or worsening heart failure , or cardiogenic shock at @ days .", "in this pre-specified analysis , we examined efficacy and safety outcomes of an early invasive strategy after stratification by gpiib/iiia inhibitor use , which was permitted during percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) at the discretion of the treating physician .", "a total of @ patients ( @ % ) received gpiib/iiia inhibitors .", "there was significant heterogeneity ( p < @ ) in the efficacy of an early invasive strategy compared to standard therapy , between the strata with gpiib/iiia inhibitor use ( primary end point @ % vs @ % respectively , p < @ ) and without gpiib/iiia inhibitor use ( primary end point @ % vs @ % respectively , p = @ ) .", "patients who received gpiib/iiia inhibitors had lower global registry of acute coronary events ( grace ) risk scores compared to those without gpiib/iiia inhibitor use ( median @ vs @ , p < @ ) .", "after adjusting for the interaction between grace risk score and treatment assignment , the heterogeneity in the efficacy of an early invasive strategy with respect to gpiib/iiia inhibitor use was no longer significant ( p interaction = @ ) .", "the apparent difference in the efficacy of an early invasive strategy between gpiib/iiia inhibitor strata likely reflects an association between gpiib/iiia inhibitor use and baseline risk .", "gpiib/iiia inhibitor use during pci at the discretion of the treating physician does not appear to modulate the efficacy of an early invasive strategy post-fibrinolysis .", "http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct@/show/nct@ , nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to determine the safety and efficacy of a @ ns q switched nd yag laser vs. a @ ns q switched nd yag laser for clearance of melasma .", "to compare subject satisfaction , efficacy , and comfort level between the two lasers .", "this is a prospective , randomized split face clinical study .", "the study was approved by the scripps irb .", "ten healthy female subjects with moderate to severe melasma were enrolled .", "each subject had three laser treatments one month apart .", "patients were followed up approximately @ month , @ months , and @ months after the final laser treatment .", "a treatment session consisted of a microdermabrasion , @ nm qs laser , and topicals .", "subjects were asked to rate treatment pain based on a numerical scale range @-@ ( @ = no pain and @ = worst pain ) .", "a melasma area and severity index ( masi ) grading system was applied .", "also , melanin measurements were acquired by a reflectance spectrophotometer .", "side effects were documented during the study including post treatment erythema .", "eight patients completed the study .", "subjects showed improvement on both sides of the face .", "from baseline to @ month post the final laser treatment , the average masi scores showed a @ % reduction for the @ ns qs @ nm laser vs. a @ % reduction for the @ ns qs @ nm laser ( both significant versus baseline pigment , p < @ ) .", "this difference in masi scores between the two lasers was not statistically significant ( p = @ ) .", "laser treatments displayed mild erythema that resolved after one day .", "the melanin meter measurements showed a reduction in pigment readings on both sides .", "three months after the final treatment there was some relapse in the melasma , as the mean pigment reduction fell to @ % for the @ ns laser and @ % for the @ ns laser .", "by @ months pigment reduction was not statistically significant for either laser , and no significant differences in pigment reduction were noted between the two pulse durations .", "there was a statistically significant difference ( p < @ ) in pain scores reported by the subjects ( scale @-@ ) , the mean pain score for @ ns qs @ nm laser was @ and for the @ ns qs @ the score was @ .", "in this study , we showed that a combination of microdermabrasion , qs@ nm laser , and topicals decreased the masi and meter scores without clinically significant side effects .", "moreover , the longer pulsed q switched @ nm laser i.e. ( @ ns ) was associated with less pain than its shorter pulse width counterpart ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "evidence supports that adequate treatment of hyperglycemia , hypercholesterolemia , and hypertension can reduce morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes , however achieving treatment goals remains elusive .", "the majority of diabetes care occurs in the primary care setting ; however there are often missed opportunities for timely intervention during office visits .", "this paper describes a systematic redesign of current diabetes treatment in primary care by implementing evidence-based protocols .", "this is a cluster randomized controlled trial using certified diabetes educators ( cdes ) to intensify therapeutic management .", "fifteen primary care practices from the university of pittsburgh medical center were recruited .", "practices were randomized to intervention ( implementation of diabetes management protocols ) or usual care .", "eligibility criteria included diagnosis of type @ diabetes at least one year prior to baseline and an a@c @ % , ldlc @ mg/dl or blood pressure @/@ mmhg which were the goal levels established by the american diabetes association at study inception .", "treatment was intensified according to preapproved protocols .", "participants also received diabetes education during their visits .", "research assessments were done at baseline , three , six and twelve months .", "clinical visits were scheduled between research visits , as needed , to adjust medications .", "primary outcomes were achievement of glycemic , blood pressure , or lipid control goals .", "secondary outcomes included quality of life , medication and diabetes care satisfaction , medication adherence , and cost-effectiveness .", "results from this study will provide the evidence to support expanded roles for cdes in primary care .", "using this model to deliver diabetes care may offer a more cost-effective approach for diabetes management ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "long-term oral anticoagulant treatment is obligatory in patients with atrial fibrillation ( af , score of chadsvasc@ ) .", "when these patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent ( pci-es ) , there is also an indication for aspirin and clopidogrel treatment , according to the esc guidelines .", "however , triple therapy has been known to increase the risk of bleeding complications .", "unfortunately , there is little prospective data available to resolve this issue .", "therefore , it is imperative that an optimal therapy for af patients with indications of both anticoagulation and antiplatelet intervention to prevent thrombotic complications without increasing the risk of bleeding is found .", "this prospective , randomized , multicenter study is going to assess the hypothesis that in persistent or permanent af patients ( score of chadsvasc@ ) after pci-es , the combination therapy of oral anticoagulation ( warfarin ) and ticagrelor ( @ mg/bid ) could reduce the risk of bleeding events .", "a multicenter , active-controlled , open-label , randomized trial is to be performed to evaluate dual antithrombotic therapy ( ticagrelor + warfarin ) in persistent or permanent af patients ( score of chadsvasc@ ) after pci-es versus the combination of triple antithrombosis ( clopidogrel + aspirin + warfarin ) .", "the primary endpoint is the overall bleeding up to @ months , according to timi criteria and classifications .", "the secondary endpoints are the major bleeding events up to @ months , according to timi criteria .", "the sample size is estimated at @ .", "this study is intended to provide information about the safety characteristics of warfarin and ticagrelor in persistent or permanent af patients after pci-es .", "no prospective randomized study has been conducted on the issue of antithrombotic therapy using warfarin and ticagrelor in these patients .", "therefore , the manjusri trial will help to explore and determine a new potential therapeutic regimen for af patients after pci-es .", "clinical trials.gov # nct@ , registered july @ , @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "acute stress produces behavioral and physiological changes modulated by central catecholamines ( ca ) .", "stress increases ca activity , and depletion of ca stores reduces responses to stress .", "increasing ca activity by administration of the dietary amino acid ca precursor tyrosine may increase responsiveness to stress .", "this study determined whether tyrosine enhances the ability of humans to respond to severe stress .", "severe psychological stress was generated during training at survival , evasion , resistance , and escape ( sere ) school .", "the acute stressor consisted of two mock interrogations conducted during several days of simulated captivity .", "seventy-eight healthy male and female military personnel participated in this double-blind , between-subjects study , in which they received either tyrosine ( @mg/kg , n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) .", "tyrosine ( or placebo ) was administered in food bars in two doses of @mg/kg each approximately @min before each mock interrogation .", "mood ( profile of mood states ) , saliva cortisol , and heart rate ( hr ) were assessed prior to stress exposure during a week of academic training preceding mock captivity and immediately following the mock interrogations .", "the severe stress produced robust effects on mood ( i.e. , increased tension , depression , anger , fatigue , vigor , and confusion ; p < @ ) , cortisol , and hr ( p < @ ) .", "tyrosine increased anger ( p = @ , anova treatment condition by test session interaction ) during stress but had no other effects .", "tyrosine did not alter most subjective or physiological responses to severe acute stress , but it increased ratings of anger .", "the modest increase in anger may be an adaptive emotional response in stressful environments ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "org @ is a glycine transporter inhibitor that increases extracellular glycine levels and attenuates alcohol-induced dopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens .", "in animal models , org @ has dose-dependent effects on ethanol intake , preference , and relapse-like behavior without tolerance .", "the current study aimed to translate these animal findings to humans by examining whether org @ prevents relapse in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients .", "this was a multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial .", "adult patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence were randomly assigned to receive org @ @ mg twice a day or placebo for @ days .", "the primary end point was percentage heavy drinking days ( defined as @ standard drinks per day for men and @ for women ) .", "secondary end points included other measures of relapse-related drinking behavior ( e.g. , drinks per day , time to relapse ) , as well as measures of global functioning , alcohol-related thoughts and cravings , and motivation .", "a total of @ subjects were included in the intent-to-treat analysis .", "the trial was stopped approximately midway after a futility analysis showing that the likelihood of detecting a signal at study term was < @ % .", "there was no significant difference between org @ and placebo on percentage heavy drinking days or any other measure of relapse-related drinking behavior .", "org @ showed no safety issues and was fairly well tolerated , with fatigue , dizziness , and transient visual events as the most commonly occurring side effects .", "org @ demonstrated no benefit over placebo in preventing alcohol relapse .", "study limitations and implications are discussed ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "less than @ % of stroke patients arrive to an emergency department within the @-hour treatment window .", "stroke warning information and faster treatment ( swift ) compared an interactive intervention ( ii ) with enhanced educational ( ee ) materials on recurrent stroke arrival times in a prospective cohort of multiethnic stroke/transient ischemic attack survivors .", "a single-center randomized controlled trial ( @-@ ) randomized participants to ee ( bilingual stroke preparedness materials ) or ii ( ee plus in-hospital sessions ) .", "we assessed differences by randomization in the proportion arriving to emergency department < @ hours , prepost intervention arrival < @ hours , incidence rate ratio for total events , and stroke knowledge and preparedness capacity .", "swift randomized @ participants ( @ ee , @ ii ) : mean age @ years ; @ % female , @ % black , @ % hispanic , @ % white .", "at baseline , @ % arrived to emergency department < @ hours .", "over @ years , first recurrent stroke ( n = @ ) , transient ischemic attacks ( n = @ ) , or stroke mimics ( n = @ ) were documented in @ participants .", "incidence rate ratio = @ ( @ % confidence interval = @-@ @ ; ii to ee ) .", "among ii , @ % arrived < @ hours versus @ % ee ( p = @ ) .", "in prepost analysis , there was a @ % increase in the proportion arriving < @ hours ( p = @ ) , greatest among hispanics ( @ % , p < @ ) .", "ii had greater stroke knowledge at @ month ( odds ratio = @ ; @-@ @ ) .", "ii had higher preparedness capacity at @ month ( odds ratio = @ ; @ , @ ) and @ months ( odds ratio = @ ; @ , @ ) .", "there was no difference in arrival < @ hours overall between ii and ee ; the proportion arriving < @ hours increased in both groups and in race-ethnic minorities .", "url : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .", "unique identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "nonvariceal acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding ( augib ) is often accompanied by post-discharge anaemia .", "to investigate whether iron treatment can effectively treat anaemia and to compare a @-month regimen of oral iron treatment with a single administration of intravenous iron prior to discharge .", "ninety-seven patients with nonvariceal augib and anaemia were enrolled in a double-blind , placebo-controlled , randomised study .", "the patients were allocated to one of three groups , receiving a single intravenous administration of @ mg of iron ; oral iron treatment , @ mg daily for @ months ; or placebo , respectively .", "the patients were followed up for @ months .", "from week @ onwards , patients receiving treatment had significantly higher haemoglobin levels compared with patients who received placebo only .", "at the end of treatment , the proportion of patients with anaemia was significantly higher in the placebo group ( p < @ ) than in the treatment groups .", "intravenous iron appeared to be more effective than oral iron in ensuring sufficient iron stores .", "iron treatment is effective and essential for treating anaemia after nonvariceal acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding .", "the route of iron supplementation is less important in terms of the increase in haemoglobin levels .", "iron stores are filled most effectively if intravenous iron supplementation is administered ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to explore the impacts on the cognitive level of the children with mental retardation ( mr ) treated with jin 's three scalp needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance so as to seek the more effective therapeutic method for the treatment of mr in children .", "methods sixty-six mr children were randomized into a head-point needle-retaining therapy + training group ( group a ) and a training after acupuncture group ( group b ) .", "seven cases and @ cases were dropped in the two groups respectively .", "twenty-six cases accomplished the treatment in the group a and @ cases in the group b.", "in the group a , the points on the head were stimulated and the needles were retained ( @ min after the general acupuncture , the needles on the body points were removed ; and those on the head points were retained for @ h , including sishenzhen , naosanzhen , zhisanzhen and niesanzhen ) .", "simultaneously , the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was combined .", "in the group b , @ h after needle retaining at the body points and head points , all the needles were removed ; the training for the cognitive perceptual disturbance was followed .", "the treatment was given once a day , and the treatment for @ months was required .", "before and after treatment , the wechsler intelligence scale for children ( wisc ) was used for evaluation and observation of verbal intelligence quotient ( viq ) , performance intelligence quotient ( piq ) and full-scale intelligence quotient ( tfiq ) and score changes of @ items such as information , picture vocabu ; lary , arithmetic , picture generalization , comprehension , etc. .", "after treatment , fiq , viq and piq scores were different significantly as compared with those before treatment ( all p < @ ) .", "in the group a , the results of picture vocabulary , animal egg laying , maze , block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly ( all p < @ ) .", "in the group b , the results of information , comprehension , block design and geometric figure were all improved significantly ( all p < @ ) .", "after treatment , concerning the value difference in fiq and piq of the two groups ; the changes in the group a were more significant ( both p < @ ) .", "after treatment , the results of picture vocabulary and maze were improved significantly in the group a as compared with the group b ( both p < .", "@ ) .", "the iq categories changed apparently after treatment in the two groups , toward the higher level in tendency generally , but without significant difference ( both p > @ ) .", "the simultaneous treatment with head point retaining of jin 's three needling therapy and the training for cognitive and perceptual disturbance obviously improves children patients ' verbal comprehension , expression ability , hand-eye coordination ability , attention , logical reasoning ability and visual perception .", "the efficacy is better than that in the treatment of the training after acupuncture ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study aimed to understand the relationship between knowledge level and behavior on breast care in chinese students , so as to provide strategies for improving the health education of breast care and subsequently for aiding in breast cancer prevention .", "a self-designed questionnaire was used to evaluate breast care knowledge level and characterize related behavior .", "correlation analysis was conducted for the knowledge level and behavior .", "the study was carried out using @ female undergraduate students in medical and non-medical colleges in wuhu , china .", "the average score of breast care knowledge was @ ( @ and @ for medical and non-medical students , respectively ) , with a greater score value for sophomores ( @ ) than freshmen ( @ ) .", "the average score of breast care behavior was @ , again with a greater value in sophomores ( @ ) than freshmen ( @ ) .", "a significant positive correlation ( r = @ , p < @ ) between knowledge scores and behavior scores was observed .", "in addition , various factors , including paying attention to breast care information , receiving breast self-examination guidance , tv program and internet , were found to influence breast care knowledge .", "in general , female undergraduate students lack of self-awareness of breast care with a low rate of breast self-examination .", "it is necessary to carry out health education to improve early detection of breast cancer ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to volumetrically evaluate soft tissue changes of different ridge preservation techniques compared to spontaneous healing @months after tooth extraction .", "in each of @ patients , one single-rooted tooth was extracted and four treatment modalities were randomly assigned to the following groups ( n = @ each ) : a ) - tricalcium-phosphate-particles with a polylactid coating ( - tcp ) , b ) demineralized bovine bone mineral with @ % collagen covered with a collagen matrix ( dbbm-c/cm ) , c ) dbbm with @ % collagen covered with an autogenous soft tissue punch graft ( dbbm-c/pg ) , d ) spontaneous healing ( control ) .", "impressions were obtained before extraction and @months later , casts were digitized and volumetric changes at the buccal soft tissues were determined .", "one-way anova was performed and pair-wise wilcoxon rank sum test with bonferroni-holm method was applied for comparison of differences between two groups .", "after @months , horizontal contour changes accounted for -@ mm ( a ) , -@ mm ( b ) , -@ mm ( c ) and -@ mm ( d ) .", "none of the group comparisons reached statistical significance .", "six months after tooth extraction all groups revealed a horizontal volume change in the buccal soft tissue contour .", "application of dbbm-c/cm or dbbm-c/pg reduced the amount of volume resorption compared to - tcp or spontaneous healing without reaching statistically significant difference ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to address the high prevalence of neck dysfunction in helicopter aircrew , a @-wk training program was designed to examine the effects on neck muscular strength and endurance .", "subjects were recruited from canadian forces ( cf ) helicopter aircrew and randomized into either a neck coordination training program ( ctp ; n = @ ) , an endurance training program ( etp ; n = @ ) , or a nontreatment control ( con ; n = @ ) .", "baseline assessments determined maximal voluntary contraction ( mvc ) strength and endurance capacity using a submaximal contraction to fatigue at @ % of their mvc for extension , flexion , and left ( ltflx ) and right ( rtflx ) lateral flexion .", "the etp subjects performed dynamic contractions at @ % of their mvc in the four testing directions using a head harness and thera-band tubing .", "the ctp consisted of exercises that focused on strengthening the deep cervical musculature using the mass of the head as resistance and progressing to exercises that incorporated the superficial cervical muscles .", "post-intervention , the etp achieved the only statistically significant increase in maximal force when compared to the con ( @ % ) .", "improved times to fatigue were achieved by the ctp for flexion ( @ + / - @ s ) , ltflx ( @ + / - @ s ) , and rtflx ( @ + / - @ s ) .", "the provision of an etp and ctp resulted in a positive trend toward improved maximal force and muscular endurance .", "the greatest improvements in endurance and strength were found for those subjects assigned to the ctp treatment .", "our research demonstrates the importance of including a designed and supervised training program into the daily routine of helicopter aviators ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "long-term sick leave has considerably negative impact on the individual and society .", "hence , the need to identify effective occupational rehabilitation programs is pressing .", "in norway , group based occupational rehabilitation programs merging patients with different diagnoses have existed for many years , but no rigorous evaluation has been performed .", "the described randomized controlled trial aims primarily to compare two structured multicomponent inpatient rehabilitation programs , differing in length and content , with a comparative cognitive intervention .", "secondarily the two inpatient programs will be compared with each other , and with a usual care reference group .", "the study is designed as a randomized controlled trial with parallel groups .", "the social security office performs monthly extractions of sick listed individuals aged @-@ years , on sick leave @-@ months , with sick leave status @ % - @ % due to musculoskeletal , mental or unspecific disorders .", "sick-listed persons are randomized twice : @ ) to receive one of two invitations to participate in the study or not receive an invitation , where the latter `` untouched '' control group will be monitored for future sick leave in the national social security register , and @ ) after inclusion , to a long or short inpatient multicomponent rehabilitation program ( depending on which invitation was sent ) or an outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy group comparative program .", "the long program consists of @ weeks with full rehabilitation days .", "the short program consists of @ +@ full days , separated by two weeks , in which a workplace visit will be performed if desirable .", "three areas of rehabilitation are targeted : mental training , physical training and work-related problem solving .", "the primary outcome is number of sick leave days .", "secondary outcomes include time until full sustainable return to work , health related quality of life , health related behavior , functional status , somatic and mental health , and perceptions of work .", "in addition , health economic evaluation will be performed , and the implementation of the interventions , expectations and experiences of users and service providers will be investigated with different qualitative methods .", "clinicaltrials.gov : nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "enzalutamide is an oral androgen-receptor inhibitor that prolongs survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in whom the disease has progressed after chemotherapy .", "new treatment options are needed for patients with metastatic prostate cancer who have not received chemotherapy , in whom the disease has progressed despite androgen-deprivation therapy .", "in this double-blind , phase @ study , we randomly assigned @ patients to receive either enzalutamide ( at a dose of @ mg ) or placebo once daily .", "the coprimary end points were radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival .", "the study was stopped after a planned interim analysis , conducted when @ deaths had been reported , showed a benefit of the active treatment .", "the rate of radiographic progression-free survival at @ months was @ % among patients treated with enzalutamide , as compared with @ % among patients receiving placebo ( @ % risk reduction ; hazard ratio in the enzalutamide group , @ ; @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , @ to @ ; p < @ ) .", "a total of @ patients ( @ % ) in the enzalutamide group , as compared with @ patients ( @ % ) in the placebo group , were alive at the data-cutoff date ( @ % reduction in the risk of death ; hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @ to @ ; p < @ ) .", "the benefit of enzalutamide was shown with respect to all secondary end points , including the time until the initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy ( hazard ratio , @ ) , the time until the first skeletal-related event ( hazard ratio , @ ) , a complete or partial soft-tissue response ( @ % vs. @ % ) , the time until prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) progression ( hazard ratio , @ ) , and a rate of decline of at least @ % in psa ( @ % vs. @ % ) ( p < @ for all comparisons ) .", "fatigue and hypertension were the most common clinically relevant adverse events associated with enzalutamide treatment .", "enzalutamide significantly decreased the risk of radiographic progression and death and delayed the initiation of chemotherapy in men with metastatic prostate cancer .", "( funded by medivation and astellas pharma ; prevail clinicaltrials.gov number , nct@ . )" ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "emphasizing societal benefits of vaccines has been linked to increased vaccination intentions in adults .", "it is unclear if this pattern holds for parents deciding whether to vaccinate their children .", "the objective was to determine whether emphasizing the benefits of measles-mumps-rubella ( mmr ) vaccination directly to the vaccine recipient or to society differentially impacts parents ' vaccine intentions for their infants .", "in a national online survey , parents ( n = @ ) of infants < @ months old were randomly assigned to receive @ of @ mmr vaccine messages : ( @ ) the centers for disease control and prevention vaccine information statement ( vis ) , ( @ ) vis and information emphasizing the mmr vaccine 's benefits to the child , ( @ ) vis and information emphasizing societal benefits , or ( @ ) vis and information emphasizing benefits both to the child and society .", "parents reported their likelihood of vaccinating their infants for mmr on a response scale of @ ( extremely unlikely ) to @ ( extremely likely ) .", "compared with the vis-only group ( mean intention = @ ) , parents reported increased vaccine intentions for their infants when receiving additional information emphasizing the mmr vaccine 's benefits either directly to the child ( mean intention = @ , p = @ ) or to both the child and society ( mean intention = @ , p = @ ) .", "emphasizing the mmr vaccine 's benefits only to society did not increase intentions ( mean intention = @ , p = @ ) .", "we did not see increases in parents ' mmr vaccine intentions for their infants when societal benefits were emphasized without mention of benefits directly to the child .", "this finding suggests that providers should emphasize benefits directly to the child .", "mentioning societal benefits seems to neither add value to , nor interfere with , information highlighting benefits directly to the child ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to study the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in patients with acute non-st - segment elevation myocardial infarction ( nstemi ) without early reperfusion intervention .", "a total of @ nstemi patients without early reperfusion intervention were enrolled in the study and randomized to the tirofiban group ( n = @ ) and the control group ( n = @ ) .", "coronary angiography was performed at day @ and day @ , while percutaneous coronary intervention ( pci ) was performed when necessary .", "parameters including thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ( timi ) flow , bleeding complications and clinic events within @ days were compared between the two groups .", "before pci , no increase in the percentage of patient with timi flow better than timi-@ was observed by the treatment of tirofiban ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .", "while after pci , significant increase in the percentage of patient with timi flow better than timi-@ was manifested in the tirofiban group ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .", "tirofiban treatment also significantly decreased the rate of poor myocardial perfusion after pci ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .", "there were @ and @ major adverse cardiovascular events ( mace ) within @ days observed in the tirofiban group and the control group ( @ % vs @ % , p = @ ) .", "no difference between the two groups was found in the bleeding complications within @ days including the mild hemorrhage ( @ vs @ cases , p = @ ) , severe hemorrhage ( @ vs @ cases , p = @ ) or severe thrombocytopenia ( @ vs @ cases , p = @ ) .", "tirofiban treatment does not increase the bleeding complications in nstemi patients without early pci .", "tirofiban can improve the timi flow and the myocardial perfusion after pci with less mace within @ days ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the international lipid-based nutrient supplements project developed a small-quantity ( @ g/d ) lipid-based nutrient supplement ( lns ) for pregnant and lactating women .", "we evaluated the effects of prenatal lns supplementation on fetal growth .", "in a community-based , partially double-blind , individually randomized controlled trial , @ women @ wk pregnant received @ mg fe/@ g folic acid ( ifa ) , or @-@ recommended dietary allowances of @ micronutrients , including @ mg fe ( mmn ) , or lns with the same micronutrients as the mmn group , plus @ minerals and macronutrients contributing @ kcal ( lns ) daily until delivery .", "fetal growth was compared across groups by using intention-to-treat analysis .", "the primary outcome was birth length .", "this analysis included @ women ( ifa = @ , mmn = @ , lns = @ ) .", "groups did not differ significantly in mean birth length , length-for-age z score ( laz ) , head circumference , or percentage low birth length but differed in mean birth weight ( p = @ ) , weight-for-age z score ( waz ; p = @ ) , and bmi-for-age z score ( bmiz ; p = @ ) , with a trend toward differences in low birth weight ( p = @ ) .", "in pairwise comparisons , the lns group had greater mean birth weight ( +@ g ; p = @ ) , waz ( +@ ; p = @ ) , and bmiz ( +@ ; p = @ ) and a lower risk of low birth weight ( rr : @ , @ % ci : @ , @ ; p = @ ) than did the ifa group .", "the other group differences were not significant .", "the effect of intervention was modified by mother 's parity , age , height , baseline hemoglobin , household food insecurity , and child sex , with parity being the most consistent modifier .", "among primiparous women ( ifa = @ ; mmn = @ ; lns = @ ) , the lns group had greater mean birth length ( +@ cm ; p = @ ) , laz ( +@ ; p = @ ) , weight ( +@ g ; p < @ ) , waz ( +@ ; p < @ ) , bmiz ( +@ ; p < @ ) , head circumference ( @ cm ; p = @ ) , and head circumference-for-age z score ( +@ ; p = @ ) than did the ifa group ; similar differences were found when comparing the lns and mmn groups among primiparous women , and no group differences were found among multiparous women .", "prenatal lns supplementation can improve fetal growth among vulnerable women in ghana , particularly primiparous women .", "this trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "nitrate , which is an inorganic anion abundant in vegetables , increases the efficiency of isolated human mitochondria .", "such an effect might be reflected in changes in the resting metabolic rate ( rmr ) and formation of reactive oxygen species .", "the bioactivation of nitrate involves its active accumulation in saliva followed by a sequential reduction to nitrite , nitric oxide , and other reactive nitrogen species .", "we studied effects of inorganic nitrate , in amounts that represented a diet rich in vegetables , on the rmr in healthy volunteers .", "in a randomized , double-blind , crossover study , we measured the rmr by using indirect calorimetry in @ healthy volunteers after a @-d dietary intervention with sodium nitrate ( nano ) or a placebo ( nacl ) .", "the nitrate dose ( @ mmol kg d ) corresponded to the amount in @-@ g spinach , beetroot , lettuce , or other vegetable that was rich in nitrate .", "effects of direct nitrite exposure on cell respiration were studied in cultured human primary myotubes .", "the rmr was @ % lower after nitrate compared with placebo administration , and the change correlated strongly to the degree of nitrate accumulation in saliva ( r = @ ) .", "the thyroid hormone status , insulin sensitivity , glucose uptake , plasma concentration of isoprostanes , and total antioxidant capacity were unaffected by nitrate .", "the administration of nitrite to human primary myotubes acutely inhibited respiration .", "dietary inorganic nitrate reduces the rmr .", "this effect may have implications for the regulation of metabolic function in health and disease ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare health-related quality-of-life ( hrqol ) outcomes for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy ( rarc ) with those of traditional open radical cystectomy ( orc ) in a prospective randomised fashion .", "this was a prospective randomised clinical trial evaluating the hrqol for orc vs rarc in consecutive patients from july @ to june @ .", "we administered the functional assessment of cancer therapy-vanderbilt cystectomy index questionnaire , validated to assess hrqol , preoperatively and then at @ , @ , @ and @ months postoperatively .", "scores for each domain and total scores were compared in terms of deviation from preoperative values for both the rarc and the orc cohorts .", "multivariate linear regression was used to assess the association between the type of radical cystectomy and hrqol .", "at the time of the study , @ patients had met the inclusion criteria , with @ patients being randomised for analysis .", "the cohorts consisted of @ patients undergoing orc and @ undergoing rarc , who were balanced with respect to baseline demographic and clinical features .", "univariate analysis showed a return to baseline scores at @ months postoperatively in all measured domains with no statistically significant difference among the various domains between the rarc and the orc cohorts .", "multivariate analysis showed no difference in hrqol between the two approaches in any of the various domains , with the exception of a slightly higher physical well-being score in the rarc group at @ months .", "there were no significant differences in the hrqol outcomes between orc and rarc , with a return of quality of life scores to baseline scores @ months after radical cystectomy in both cohorts ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to assess the efficacy of corneal cross-linking ( cxl ) as an adjuvant to appropriate antifungal therapy in nonresolving deep stromal fungal keratitis .", "randomized clinical trial .", "eyes with culture-positive deep stromal fungal keratitis not responding to appropriate medical therapy for a period of @ weeks were randomized to receive either adjuvant cxl or no additional treatment .", "antifungal medical therapy was continued in both groups .", "the prespecified primary outcome was treatment failure at @ weeks after enrollment , defined as perforation and/or increase in ulcer size by @ mm .", "the trial was stopped before full enrollment because of a marked difference in the rate of perforation between the @ groups .", "of the @ cases enrolled in the study , @ were randomized to the cxl group and @ to the non-cxl group .", "five eyes in the cxl group and @ eyes in the non-cxl group experienced treatment failure by @ weeks ( p = @ ) .", "in a secondary analysis , the cxl group experienced more perforations than the non-cxl group ( @ vs @ , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "cxl used as adjuvant therapy for recalcitrant deep stromal fungal keratitis did not improve outcomes ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "effects of palm olein ( pol ) on calcium and fat metabolic balance and gastrointestinal ( gi ) tolerance have been clinically evaluated but its use in combination with palm kernel oil ( pko ) , and canola oil has not been similarly assessed in infants .", "calcium and fat balance and gi tolerance were evaluated in @ healthy term infants ( age = @-@ d ) in a randomized , double-blinded , @ d crossover trial at a day care center in salvador , brazil ; followed by a @d hospital ward metabolic balance study in @ of the male subjects .", "the study compared two commercially available milk-based powdered formulas in brazil ; one containing pol ( @ % of total fat ) , pko ( @ % ) and canola oil ( @ % ) as predominant fats ( palm ) , and the other containing none ( nopalm ) .", "occasional human milk ( hm ) supplementation was allowed at home .", "formula and hm intakes , and growth were not different ( p > @ ) .", "calcium absorption ( % ) for infants fed nopalm ( @ @ % ; means sd ) was higher ( p = @ ) than those fed palm ( @ @ % ) , but was not significant ( p = @ ) when calcium intake was used as a covariate .", "calcium intake was higher ( p < @ ) in nopalm versus palm fed infants .", "however , calcium retention ( % ) was higher in infants fed nopalm compared to palm with ( p = @ ) or without ( p = @ ) calcium intake as a covariate .", "fat absorption ( % ) for nopalm was greater than palm fed infants ( nopalm = @ @ > palm = @ @ ; p = @ in study period i ) .", "mean rank stool consistency was softer in infants fed nopalm versus palm ( p < @ ; metabolic period ) .", "adverse events , spit-up/vomit , fussiness and gassiness were not different ( p > @ ) .", "formula acceptability was high and comparable for both formula feedings , regardless of hm supplementation .", "term infants fed palm based formula ( containing palm olein , palm kernel and canola oils ) demonstrated lower calcium retention and fat absorption , and less softer stool consistency versus infants fed nopalm based formula .", "study suggested formula fat differences may affect gi function in infants ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "exacerbations of copd requiring hospital admission have important clinical and societal implications .", "we sought to investigate the incidence , recurrence , risk factors , and mortality of patients with copd exacerbations requiring hospital admission compared with those without hospital admission during @-year follow-up .", "patients with copd ( n = @,@ ) were identified from the evaluation of copd longitudinally to identify predictive surrogate endpoints ( eclipse ) observational cohort .", "an analysis of time to first event of hospital admission was performed using kaplan-meier curves and cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for possible confounders .", "of the @,@ patients , @ ( @ % ) reported a total of @,@ copd exacerbations requiring hospital admission during the study period ; @ patients ( @ % ) reported multiple events .", "a prior history of exacerbation of copd requiring hospital admission was the factor associated with the highest risk of a new hospitalization for exacerbation ( hazard ratio , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; p < @ ) .", "other risk factors included more severe airflow limitation , poorer health status , older age , radiologic evidence of emphysema , and higher wbc count .", "having been hospitalized for exacerbation significantly increased the risk of mortality ( p < @ ) .", "exacerbations of copd requiring hospital admission occur across all stages of airflow limitation and are a significant prognostic factor of reduced survival across all copd stages .", "patients with copd at a high risk for hospitalization can be identified by their past history for similar events , and other factors , including the severity of airflow limitation , poor health status , age , presence of emphysema , and leukocytosis .", "clinicaltrials.gov ; no. : nct@ ; url : www.clinicaltrials.gov ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "friction blister research has focused on prevention and treatment approaches rather than exploring the pathophysiology of the friction blister .", "increased skin hydration has been purported to be a key risk factor in friction blister development .", "this study aimed to test the effect of increased skin surface hydration on the risk of friction blister creation .", "the skin on one foot was hydrated by soaking the foot in water .", "intermittent loading was carried out until an observable change of @c was evident using infrared thermography .", "the contra lateral foot acted as a control .", "skin hydration and elasticity was measured using electrical capacitance and negative pressure respectively .", "the rate of temperature change of the hydrated group was significantly greater than that of the non-hydrated foot group ( p = @ ) and showed a strong positive correlation ( r = @ ) with skin surface hydration .", "weak negative correlations were seen between skin elasticity and rate of temperature change in response to load application ( r = -@ ) and skin surface hydration and elasticity at baseline ( r = -@ ) .", "in controlled experimental conditions increased skin surface hydration increases the rate of temperature change of the skin in response to load application and consequently increases the risk of blister creation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "foods that enhance satiety can help consumers to resist environmental cues to eat , and improve the nutritional quality of their diets .", "viscosity generated by oat - glucan , influences gastrointestinal mechanisms that mediate satiety .", "differences in the source , processing treatments , and interactions with other constituents in the food matrix affect the amount , solubility , molecular weight , and structure of the - glucan in products , which in turn influences the viscosity .", "this study examined the effect of two types of oatmeal and an oat-based ready-to-eat breakfast cereal ( rtec ) on appetite , and assessed differences in meal viscosity and - glucan characteristics among the cereals .", "forty-eight individuals were enrolled in a randomized crossover trial .", "subjects consumed isocaloric breakfast meals containing instant oatmeal ( io ) , old-fashioned oatmeal ( so ) or rtec in random order at least a week apart .", "each breakfast meal contained @kcal ( @kcal cereal , and @kcal milk ) visual analogue scales measuring appetite were completed before breakfast , and over four hours , following the meal .", "starch digestion kinetics , meal viscosities , and - glucan characteristics for each meal were determined .", "appetite responses were analyzed by area under the curve .", "mixed models were used to analyze response changes over time .", "io increased fullness ( p = @ ) , suppressed desire to eat ( p = @ ) and reduced prospective intake ( p < @ ) more than the rtec over four hours , and consistently at the @minute time-point .", "so reduced prospective intake ( p = @ ) more than the rtec .", "hunger scores were not significantly different except that io reduced hunger more than the rtec at the @minute time-point .", "io and so had higher - glucan content , molecular weight , gastric viscosity , and larger hydration spheres than the rtec , and io had greater viscosity after oral and initial gastric digestion ( initial viscosity ) than the rtec .", "io and so improved appetite control over four hours compared to rtec .", "initial viscosity of oatmeal may be especially important for reducing appetite ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "in-water resuscitation ( iwr ) is recommended in the @ guidelines of the european resuscitation council .", "as iwr represents a physical challenge to the rescuer , a novel rescue tube device with an integrated `` oxylator '' resuscitator might facilitate iwr .", "the aim of the present study was the assessment of iwr using the novel rescue tube device .", "tidal and minute volumes were recorded using a modified laerdal resusci anne mannequin .", "furthermore , rescue time , water aspiration , submersions , and physical exertion were assessed .", "in this randomized cross-over trial , @ lifeguards performed four rescue maneuvers over a @-m distance in open water in random order : no ventilation ( nv ) , mouth-to-mouth ventilation ( mmv ) , oxylator-aided mask ventilation ( omv ) , and oxylator-aided laryngeal tube ventilation ( oltv ) .", "oltv resulted in effective ventilation over the entire rescue distance with the highest mean minute volumes ( nv @ , mmv @ , omv @ , oltv @ l min ( -@ ) ) .", "nv was the fastest rescue maneuver while iwr prolonged the rescue maneuver independently of the method of ventilation ( mean total rescue time : nv @ , mmv @ , omv @ , oltv @ s ) .", "aspiration of substantial amounts of water occurred only during mmv ( mean nv @ , mmv @ , omv @ , oltv @ ml ) .", "nv and oltv were rated as moderately challenging by the lifeguards , whereas mmv and omv were rated as substantially demanding on a @-@ visual analog scale ( nv @ , mmv @ , omv @ , oltv @ ) .", "the device might facilitate iwr by providing effective ventilation with minimal aspiration and by reducing physical effort .", "another advantage is the possibility of delivering @ % oxygen ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "cervical cancer is a frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide .", "despite having easy preventive and therapeutic approaches , it is an important cause of mortality among women .", "the cricerva study is a cluster clinical trial which assigned one of three interventions to the target population registered in cerdanyola , barcelona .", "among the @,@ resident women aged @ to @ years in the study area , women with no record of cervical cytology over the last three years were selected .", "the study included four arms : three interventions all including a pre-assigned date for screening visit and i ) personalized invitation letter ; ii ) adding to i ) an informative leaflet ; and , iii ) in addition to ii ) a personalized appointment reminder phone call , and iv ) no specific action taken ( control group ) .", "participants were offered a personal interview about social-demographic characteristics and about screening attitudes .", "cervical cytology and hpv dna test ( hc@ ) were offered as screening tests .", "in the case of screening positive in any of these tests , the women were followed up until a full diagnosis could be obtained .", "the effect size of each study arm was estimated as the absolute gain in coverage between the original coverage and the final coverage .", "from the intervention groups ( @,@ women ) , we identified @,@ who were not appropriately screened , of which @,@ women answered the trial call and @,@ were amenable to screening .", "hpv was tested in @ women and cervical cytology in all @,@ .", "overall , there was an absolute gain in coverage of @ % in the intervention groups compared to @ % in the control group .", "coverage increased from @ % to @ % in strategy i ) ; from @ % to @ % in strategy ii ) and from @ % to @ % in strategy iii ) .", "lack of information about the relevance of screening was the most important factor for not attending the screening program .", "the study confirms that actively contacting women and including a date for a screening visit , notably increased participation in the screening program .", "efforts to improve health education in preventative activities are warranted .", "clinical trials.gov identifier nct@ .", "registered @ june @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "this multi-center , phase iii trial assesses the efficacy of daikenchuto ( tu-@ ) on gastrointestinal disorders after hepatic resection ( umin registration no. @ ) .", "a total of @ patients , who underwent hepatic resection at @ japanese centers , were enrolled .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral doses ( @ g/day , three times a day ) of tu-@ or placebo control from preoperative day @ to postoperative day @ , except on the day of surgery .", "primary end points were the time from extubation until the first postoperative bowel movement ( fbm-t ) , serum c-reactive protein ( crp ) and ammonia levels .", "finally , @ patients ( tu-@ : n = @ , placebo : n = @ ) were included in the statistical analysis .", "the median fbm-t was @ h ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) in the tu-@ group and @ h ( @ % ci @-@ @ ) in the placebo group , demonstrating that tu-@ accelerated the time to first bowel movement significantly more than placebo control .", "serum crp levels did not differ significantly during the study period , although serum crp levels in the tu-@ group tended to be lower than those in the placebo group in patients with grade b liver damage .", "meanwhile , the two groups had similar serum ammonia levels .", "tu-@-related serious adverse events did not occur during the study .", "tu-@ appears to improve gastrointestinal dysmotility and reduce serum crp levels in patients with grade b liver damage after hepatectomy .", "tu-@ is an effective treatment option after hepatic resection in patients with liver cancer ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "this study was aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation ( teas ) to treat muscle spasticity after brain injury ( chinese clinical trial registry : chictr-trc-@ ) .", "a total of @ patients with muscle spasticity after brain injury were randomized to the following @ groups : @ , @ , and @ hz ( sham ) teas .", "the acupoints hegu ( li@ ) -- yuji ( lu@ ) and zusanli ( st@ ) -- chengshan ( bl@ ) on the injured side were stimulated at @ , @ , or @ hz , @ times per week for @ weeks .", "the patients were followed up for @ and @ months after the treatments .", "the effects of the treatments on muscle spasticity at the wrist , thumb , the other @ fingers , elbow , shoulder , knee , and ankle were evaluated by the modified ashworth scale , and the effects on disability were assessed by the disability assessment scale .", "the walking capability was evaluated by the holden functional ambulation classification score .", "the overall performance was assessed by the global assessment scale score and the improved barthel index .", "the safety of the treatments administered was also monitored .", "the wrist spasticity was significantly reduced from baseline at weeks @ , @ , and @ of treatment and at the @ - and @-month follow-up visits in the @ hz group ( p < @ ) .", "compared with @ hz or sham teas , @ hz teas decreased wrist spasticity at weeks @ , @ , and @ of treatment and @ month after treatment ( p < @ ) .", "the other endpoints were not affected by the treatments .", "no treatment-emergent adverse events were reported during treatments and follow-up visits .", "teas appears to be a safe and effective therapy to relieve muscle spasticity after brain injury , although large-scale studies are required to further verify the findings .", "chinese clinical trial registry chictr-trc-@ http://www.chictr.org ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "in the emergency department ( ed ) , intravenous ( iv ) catheter placement is one of the most frequent interventions and may be a real challenge in some conditions .", "improvement of the success rate with new technology represents a great opportunity .", "this randomized controlled trial aimed to show the superiority of accuvein to cannulate veins in adults compared to routine care .", "after giving written consent , patients were randomized into two groups : routine iv catheter insertion or insertion guided by the accuvein , which is a hand-held instrument displaying laser light to optimize visualization of veins .", "the primary outcome was the time to successful placement of catheters .", "secondary outcomes included the number of attempts , the rate of failure , technique-related pain , occurrence of movements , and efficiency of iv cannulation as perceived by the operator when using the accuvein device .", "results are given as mean and bootstrapped @ % confidence interval ( ci ) and percentages .", "p-values of < @ were considered significant .", "a total of @ six patients were included , with @ randomized to routine cannulation and @ to accuvein .", "patient characteristics were similar .", "time to successful placement of iv catheter ( routine , @ seconds , @ % ci = @ to @ seconds ; and accuvein , @ seconds , @ % ci = @ to @ seconds ) was not different between groups ( p = @ ) .", "secondary outcomes ( failure and pain ) did not significantly differ , except for movements , which were more frequent when using the accuvein device ( @ % vs. @ % , p = @ ) .", "evaluation of the accuvein by operators was more often negative than positive .", "use of the accuvein did not improve iv cannulation in nonselected ed patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "past literature documents many individual predictors of treatment engagement among mental health clients in community settings , but few studies have examined clinic characteristics that may be associated with treatment engagement .", "with data from a patient activation and self-management trial , this study examined the variation in demographic and clinic characteristics across community mental health clinics and whether this variation predicted differences in treatment engagement in mental health services .", "chart reviews were conducted for @ clients of @ community mental health clinics .", "client attendance records were collected for a one-year period to examine engagement ( defined as the ratio of kept versus scheduled appointments ) .", "adjusting for client variability , the investigators examined which clinic-level characteristics were associated with treatment engagement .", "clinics varied significantly in their clients ' demographic characteristics and engagement in mental health care .", "providing case management and offering transportation vouchers or free parking at the clinic were associated with lower engagement .", "however , offering outreach was associated with greater engagement .", "the results of this study suggest that certain clinic characteristics are associated with engagement in mental health services .", "these results demonstrate the difficulties faced by community mental health clinics in reducing no-show rates even in the face of strong efforts to improve engagement ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "little is known about whether probiotics can affect outcomes of patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy ( he ) .", "we assessed the efficacy of a probiotic preparation in preventing the recurrence of he ( primary outcome ) and reducing the number of hospitalizations and severity of liver disease in patients with cirrhosis .", "we performed a double-blind trial at a tertiary care hospital in india .", "patients with cirrhosis who had recovered from an episode of he during the previous month were assigned randomly ( using computer-generated allocation ) to groups given a probiotic preparation ( vsl # @ , @ @ ( @ ) bacteria ; cd pharma india private limited , new delhi , india ) ( n = @ ) or placebo ( n = @ ) daily for @ months .", "there was a trend toward a reduction in the development of breakthrough he among patients receiving the probiotic ( @ % in the probiotic group vs @ % in the placebo group ; hazard ratio -lsb- hr -rsb- , @ ; @ % confidence interval -lsb- ci -rsb- , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "fewer patients in the probiotic group were hospitalized for he ( @ % vs @ % , respectively ; hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) or for complications of cirrhosis ( @ % ) than in the placebo group ( @ % ) ( hr , @ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "child-turcotte-pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores improved significantly from baseline to @ months in the probiotic group , but not in the placebo group .", "there were no adverse events related to vsl # @ .", "over a @-month period , daily intake of vsl # @ significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization for he , as well as child-turcotte-pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores , in patients with cirrhosis .", "clinicaltrials.gov number : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "there are limited data to inform the choice between parental presence at clinical bedside rounds ( ppcbr ) and non-ppcbr in neonatal intensive care units ( nicus ) .", "we performed a single-centre , survey-based , crossed-over randomised trial involving parents of all infants who were admitted to nicu and anticipated to stay > @ days .", "parents were randomly assigned using a computer-generated stratified block randomisation protocol to start with ppcbr or non-ppcbr and then crossed over to the other arm after a wash-out period .", "at the conclusion of each arm , parents completed the ` nicu parental stressor scale ' ( a validated tool ) and a satisfaction survey .", "after completion of the trial , we surveyed all healthcare providers who participated at least in one ppcbr rounding episode .", "we also offered all participating parents and healthcare providers the opportunity to partake in a focus group discussion regarding ppcbr .", "a total of @ parents were enrolled in this study , with @ parents ( @ % ) partially or fully completing the trial .", "of the parents who completed the trial , @ % agreed that parents should be allowed to attend clinical bedside rounds .", "a total of @ healthcare providers ' surveys were returned and @ ( @ % ) agreed that parents should be allowed to attend rounds .", "nine healthcare providers and @ parents participated in an interview or focus group , augmenting our understanding of the ways in which ppcbr was beneficial .", "parents and healthcare providers strongly support ppcbr .", "nicus should develop policies allowing ppcbr while mitigating the downsides and concerns of parents and healthcare providers such as decreased education opportunity and confidentiality concerns .", "australia and new zealand clinical trials register number , actrn@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "depression is not a normal side effect of aging , however it is one of the most prevalent mental health issues in later life , imposing a tremendous burden on patients , their families , and the healthcare system .", "we describe the experimental implementation of a collaborative , stepped-care model for the treatment of late-life depression ( germanimpact trial ) in the german primary care context .", "germanimpact was developed as an adaptation of a successful and widely used american model .", "the aim of the study is to evaluate the model 's applicability to the german primary care setting and its cost-effectiveness .", "the study will be conducted as a cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing the development of depressive symptoms in primary care patients who either receive treatment as usual ( control arm ) or treatment according to the germanimpact model ( intervention arm ) .", "in two german cities ( freiburg and hamburg ) , a total of @ general practice offices will be selected and randomized .", "each general practice office will be asked to enroll five patients into the trial who are @ years of age or older and who show moderate depressive symptoms in the scope of a diagnosed depressive episode , recurrent depressive disorder , or dysthymia .", "general practices in the control arm will provide treatment as usual ; general practices in the intervention arm will work closely with a specially trained care manager and a supervising mental health specialist .", "evidence-based elements of the treatment plan manual include patient education , identification and integration of positive activities into the daily routine , relapse prevention , and training of problem-solving techniques as needed .", "the intervention period per patient will be one year .", "data will be collected at baseline , @ , and @ months .", "primary outcome is the patient-reported change of depressive symptoms ( patient health questionnaire , phq-@ ) .", "secondary outcomes include measures of quality of life , anxiety , depression-related behavior , problem-solving skills , resilience , and an overall economic evaluation of the program .", "the germanimpact trial will provide evidence about the effectiveness , feasibility , and cost-effectiveness of collaborative stepped care in treating late-life depression in german primary care .", "positive results will be a first step toward integrating specialized depression care managers into the primary care setting .", "german clinical trials register : drks@ ( september @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "probiotic supplementation significantly reduces the risk of necrotising enterocolitis ( nec ) and all cause mortality in preterm neonates .", "independent quality assessment is important before introducing routine probiotic supplementation in this cohort .", "to assess product quality , and confirm that bifidobacterium breve ( b. breve ) m-@v supplementation will increase fecal b. breve counts without adverse effects .", "strain identity ( @s rrna gene sequencing ) , viability over @ year shelf-life were confirmed , and microbial contamination of the product was ruled out .", "in a controlled trial preterm neonates ( gestation < @ weeks ) ready to commence or on feeds for < @ hours were randomly allocated to either b. breve m-@v ( @ cfu/day ) or placebo ( dextrin ) supplementation until the corrected age @ weeks .", "stool samples were collected before ( s@ ) and after @ weeks of supplementation ( s@ ) for studying fecal b. breve levels using quantitative pcr ( primary outcome ) .", "secondary outcomes included total fecal bifidobacteria and necstage ii .", "categorical and continuous outcomes were analysed using chi-square and mann-whitney tests , and mcnemar and wilcoxon signed-rank tests for paired comparisons .", "a total of @ neonates ( probiotic : @ , placebo : @ ) were enrolled .", "maternal and neonatal demographic characteristics were comparable between the groups .", "the proportion of neonates with detectable b. breve increased significantly post intervention : placebo : -lsb- s@ :@ / @ ( @ % ) , s@ : @/@ ( @ % ) , p < @ -rsb- probiotic : -lsb- s@ : @/@ ( @ % ) , s@ : @/@ ( @ % ) , p < @ -rsb- .", "median s@ b. breve counts in both groups were below detection ( < @ log cells x g ( -@ ) ) , increasing significantly in s@ for the probiotic group ( log @ ) while remaining < @ log in the control group ( p < @ ) .", "there were no adverse effects including probiotic sepsis and no deaths .", "necstage ii occurred in only @ neonate ( placebo group ) .", "b. breve m-@v is a suitable probiotic strain for routine use in preterm neonates .", "australia new zealand clinical trial registry actrn @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to investigate the effect of manual physiotherapy and exercises compared with exercises alone in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome one year after inclusion .", "randomized controlled trial .", "patients with shoulder impingement of more than @ weeks .", "the intervention group received individualized manual physiotherapy plus individualized exercises ; the control group received individualized exercises only .", "both groups had @ treatments over @ weeks ; afterwards all patients continued their exercises for another @ weeks at home .", "primary outcomes were the shoulder pain and disability index and patients ' global impression of change .", "the generic patient-specific scale was used as secondary outcome .", "costs were recorded in a log-book .", "ninety patients were included in the study and @ could be analyzed at @-year follow-up .", "both groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures , but no difference was detected between the groups .", "only costs differed significantly in favour of the control group ( p = @ ) after @ weeks .", "individualized exercises resulted in lower costs than manual physiotherapy and showed a significant effect on pain and functioning within the whole group after one year .", "exercises should therefore be considered as a basic treatment .", "due to the progressive improvement that occurred during the follow-up period with individualized exercises further treatments should be delayed for @ to @ months ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "dengue infection is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease worldwide , but no suitable antiviral drugs are available .", "we tested the - glucosidase inhibitor celgosivir as a treatment for acute dengue fever .", "to establish eligibility for inclusion in a phase @b , randomised , double-blind , placebo-controlled , proof-of-concept trial , individuals aged @-@ years who had had a fever ( @c ) for less than @ h , met at least two criteria indicating probable dengue infection , and had a positive result on a dengue point-of-care test kit or pcr assay were referred for screening at a centre in singapore between july @ , @ , and march @ , @ .", "using a web-based system , we randomly assigned patients who met full inclusion criteria after screening ( @:@ ; random permuted block length four ) to celgosivir ( initial @ mg loading dose within @ h of randomisation , followed by @ mg every @ h for a total of nine doses ) or matched placebo .", "patients and the entire study team were masked to group assignment .", "the primary endpoints were mean virological log reduction ( vlr ) from baseline for days @ , @ , and @ , and area under the fever curve ( auc ) for a temperature above @c from @ h to @ h. efficacy analyses were by intention to treat .", "this study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov , number nct@ .", "we screened @ patients and randomly assigned @ ( @ to celgosivir , @ to placebo ) .", "mean vlr was greater in the celgosivir group ( -@ , sd @ ) than in the placebo group ( -@ , @ ) , but the difference was non-significant ( -@ , @ % ci -@ to @ ; one-sided p = @ ) .", "the mean auc was also higher in the celgosivir group ( @ , sd @ ) than in the placebo group ( @ , @ ) , but again the difference was non-significant ( @ , @ % ci @-@ ; one-sided p = @ ) .", "we noted similar incidences of adverse events between groups .", "although generally safe and well tolerated , celgosivir does not seem to reduce viral load or fever burden in patients with dengue .", "stop dengue translational clinical research ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "patients with cirrhosis have reduced exercise tolerance , measured objectively as decreased peak exercise oxygen uptake ( peak vo@ ) .", "reduced peak vo@ is associated with decreased survival time .", "the effect of aerobic exercise training on peak vo@ has not been well studied in patients with cirrhosis .", "we evaluated the safety and efficacy of @ weeks of supervised exercise on peak vo@ , quadriceps muscle thickness , and quality of life .", "in a prospective pilot study , stable patients ( @ % male , @ @ years old ) with child-pugh class a or b cirrhosis ( mean model for end-stage liver disease score , @ @ ) were randomly assigned to groups that received exercise training ( n = @ ) or usual care ( controls , n = @ ) at the university of alberta hospital in canada from february through june @ .", "supervised exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer @ days/week for @ weeks at @ % -@ % of baseline peak vo@ .", "peak vo@ , quadriceps muscle thickness ( measured by ultrasound ) , thigh circumference , answers from chronic liver disease questionnaires , eq-visual analogue scales , @-minute walk distance , and model for end-stage liver disease scores were evaluated at baseline and at week @ .", "analysis of covariance was used to compare variables .", "at week @ , peak vo@ was @ ml/kg/min higher in the exercise group compared with controls ( @ % confidence interval , @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "thigh circumference ( p = @ ) , thigh muscle thickness ( p = @ ) , and eq-visual analogue scale determined self-perceived health status ( p = @ ) was also significantly higher in the exercise group compared with controls at week @ ; fatigue subscores of the chronic liver disease questionnaires were lower in the exercise group compared with controls ( p = @ ) .", "no adverse events occurred during cardiopulmonary exercise testing or training .", "in a controlled prospective pilot trial , @ weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training increased peak vo@ and muscle mass and reduced fatigue in patients with cirrhosis .", "no relevant adverse effects were observed .", "larger trials are needed to evaluate the effects of exercise in patients with cirrhosis .", "clinicaltrials.gov number : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "guidelines consider certain probiotics useful in the management of acute gastroenteritis .", "this study evaluated the use of lactobacillus ( l ) reuteri dsm @ .", "a multicentre , randomised , single-blind clinical trial was performed in hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis lasting @-@ h. children received conventional therapy with , or without , @ @ ( @ ) cfu of l. reuteri dsm @ for @ days .", "the primary endpoint was the duration of diarrhoea and secondary outcomes were days of hospitalisation and the percentage of children with diarrhoea after each day of treatment .", "we compared @ children receiving l. reuteri with @ controls .", "lactobacillus reuteri reduced the duration of diarrhoea after @ h ( p < @ ) and more diarrhoea-free children were seen in the l. reuteri than control group after @ and @ h ( @ % versus @ % , p < @ ) and @ h ( @ % versus @ % , p < @ ) .", "lactobacillus reuteri reduced mean hospital stays ( @ @ days versus @ @ days , p < @ ) .", "prolonged diarrhoea occurred in @ % of the controls , but none of the l. reuteri group .", "no adverse effects were reported .", "lactobacillus reuteri effectively reduced the duration of acute diarrhoea and hospital stays in children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis .", "outpatient data are now required ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to compare postoperative voice recovery time of vocal polyps treated with different power levels of co@ laser and conventional laryngeal microsurgery on vocal polyps .", "two hundred patients with vocal polyps were randomly divided into four groups , which were respectively treated with conventional laryngeal microsurgery and different power levels of co@ laser ( @ w , @ w and @ w ) under laryngoscope .", "the postoperative voice recovery time were analyzed .", "all vocal polyps were resected at one time without any serious complications like dyspnea or bleeding .", "the postoperative voice recovery time were @ days for the group of patients received conventional laryngeal microsurgery and @ days for the group of patients treated with @ w co@ laser , which were hoch significantly different from that in the group of patients treated with @ w co@ laser ( p < @ ) .", "the postoperative recovery time of patients treated with conventional laryngeal microsurgery and small power of co@ laser is shorter than those operated with the other larger power of co@ laser ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ( lipus ) has been used successfully to accelerate healing of fresh fractures and non-unions .", "it also improved callus maturation with distraction osteogenesis in animal trials .", "however , only few clinical studies are available to support its widespread use for the latter indication in humans .", "twenty-one patients undergoing callus distraction for posttraumatic tibial defects were randomized into two groups : the trial group ( @ men ; mean age @ years ) which received @ minutes lipus daily during treatment and the control group ( six men and three women ; mean age @ years ) without lipus treatment .", "the ilizarov ring fixator was used in all cases .", "results were examined clinically and radiologically , analysing callus maturation with a computer-assisted measurement .", "patients in the lipus group needed a mean of @ days to consolidate every @ cm of new bone in comparison to @ days in the control group .", "the healing index was therefore shortened by @ days/cm in the lipus group .", "this means that callus maturation was @ % faster in the lipus group .", "the fixator time was shortened by @ days in the lipus group .", "the overall daily increase in radiographic callus density was @ % more in the lipus group than in the control group .", "lipus treatment is an effective non-invasive adjuvant method to enhance callus maturation in distraction osteogenesis .", "with the help of this treatment , the healing time and the duration of external fixation can be reliably shortened ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "anatomical suitability for arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) formation was formerly determined by clinical examination alone .", "there are potential benefits from imaging to assess anatomical suitability .", "existing studies examined the role of routine preoperative ultrasonography versus clinical examination alone .", "the role of a selective duplex ultrasound imaging policy is unknown .", "this study aimed to compare a policy of selective versus routine ultrasound assessment before avf formation .", "all patients referred for fistula formation were assessed for inclusion .", "suitable patients were randomized to either routine or selective preoperative ultrasound imaging ; selective imaging was performed only when clinical criteria were not met .", "the primary outcome measures were site of avf formation and @-day primary failure rate , and secondary outcome measures included the rate of complications .", "a total of @ patients were assessed , and @ were randomized : @ to selective and @ to routine duplex ultrasonography .", "the groups were well matched for age , co-morbidities and medications .", "the primary failure rate ( @ per cent overall ) was not significantly different between the selective and routine imaging groups : @ per cent ( @ of @ ) and @ per cent ( @ of @ ) respectively ( p = @ ) .", "there were no significant differences in the sites of avf formation or complication rates .", "routine preoperative ultrasound vessel imaging did not significantly reduce early failure rates , influence the site of avf formation or reduce complications .", "if clinical evaluation detects anatomy suitable for avf formation , duplex imaging may not be needed .", "nct@ ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "medication adherence is critical for patient treatment .", "this study involved evaluating how implementing short message service ( sms ) reminders affected patient medication adherence and related factors .", "we used a structured questionnaire to survey outpatients at three medical centers .", "patients aged @ years and older who were prescribed more than @ days of a prescription medication were randomized into sms intervention or control groups .", "the intervention group received daily messages reminding them of aspects regarding taking their medication ; the control group received no messages .", "a phone follow-up was performed to assess outcomes after @ days .", "data were collected from @ participants in the intervention group and @ participants in the control group .", "after participants in the intervention group received sms reminders to take medication or those in the control group received no messages , incidences of delayed doses were decreased by @ and @ % for those in the control and intervention groups , respectively .", "the rate of missed doses was decreased by @ % for participants in the intervention group and @ % for those in the control group .", "we applied logistic regression analysis and determined that participants in the intervention group had a @-fold higher probability of having a decrease in delayed doses compared with participants in the control group .", "participants in the intervention group also showed a @-fold higher probability of having a decrease in missed doses compared with participants in the control group .", "use of sms significantly affected the rates of taking medicine on schedule .", "therefore , daily sms could be useful for reminding patients to take their medicine on schedule ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "olfactory loss impairs the patient 's quality of life .", "in individualized therapies , olfactory drug effects gain clinical importance .", "molecular evidence suggests that among drugs with potential olfactory effects is ( @ ) - tetrahydrocannabinol ( thc ) , which is approved for several indications , including neuropathic pain or analgesia in cancer patients .", "the present study aimed at assessing the olfactory effects of thc to be expected during analgesic treatment .", "the effects of @mg oral thc on olfaction were assessed in a placebo-controlled , randomized cross-over study in healthy volunteers .", "using an established olfactory test ( sniffin ' sticks ) , olfactory thresholds , odour discrimination and odour identification were assessed in @ subjects at baseline and @h after thc administration .", "( @ ) - tetrahydrocannabinol impaired the performance of subjects ( n = @ ) in the olfactory test .", "specifically , olfactory thresholds were increased and odour discrimination performance was reduced .", "this resulted in a significant drop in composite threshold , discrimination , identification ( tdi ) olfactory score by @ points ( from @ @ to @ @ , @ % confidence interval for differences thcvs .", "placebo , -@ to -@ , p = @ ) , which is known to be a subjectively perceptible impairment of olfactory function .", "considering the resurgence of thc in medical use for several pathological conditions , the present results indicate that thc-based analgesics may be accompanied by subjectively noticeable reductions in olfactory acuity .", "in particular , for patients relying on their sense of smell , this might be relevant information for personalized therapy strategies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of core stabilization exercise with real-time feedback on balance and gait function in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke .", "nineteen stroke subjects were enrolled in this study .", "the patients were randomly divided into the experimental ( n = @ ) and control groups ( n = @ ) .", "subjects in the experimental group performed core stabilization exercise with real-time feedback training for @ minutes per day during a period of six weeks .", "subjects in the control group performed core stabilization exercise during the same period .", "this study assessed the kinematic parameters using a portable walkway system , and timed up-and-go test .", "gait velocity showed significantly greater improvement in the experimental group ( @ @ sec ) than in the control group ( -@ @ ) .", "stride length showed significantly greater increase in the experimental group ( @ @ on the affected side and @ @ on the less affected side ) than the control group ( @ @ on the affected side and @ @ on the less affected side ) .", "after training , change in results on the timed up and go test was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group .", "core stabilization exercise using real-time feedback produces greater improvement in gait performance in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients than core stabilization exercise only ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "interparental violence is both common and harmful and impacts children 's lives directly and indirectly .", "direct effects refer to affective , behavioral , and cognitive responses to interparental violence and psychosocial adjustment .", "indirect effects refer to deteriorated parental availability and parent-child interaction .", "standard trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy may be insufficient for children traumatized by exposure to interparental violence , given the pervasive impact of interparental violence on the family system .", "horizon is a trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy based group program with the added component of a preparatory parenting program aimed at improving parental availability ; and the added component of parent-child sessions to improve parent-child interaction .", "this is a multicenter , multi-informant and multi-method randomized clinical trial study with a @ by @ factorial experimental design .", "participants ( n = @ ) are children ( @-@ years ) , and their parents , who have been exposed to interparental violence .", "the main aim of the study is to test the effects of two parental components as an addition to a trauma focused cognitive behavioral based group therapy for reducing children 's symptoms .", "primary outcome measures are posttraumatic stress symptoms , and internalizing and externalizing problems in children .", "the secondary aim of the study is to test the effect of the two added components on adjustment problems in children and to test whether enhanced effects can be explained by changes in children 's responses towards experienced violence , in parental availability , and in quality of parent-child interaction .", "to address this secondary aim , the main parameters are observational and questionnaire measures of parental availability , parent-child relationship variables , children 's adjustment problems and children 's responses to interparental violence .", "data are collected three times : before and after the program and six months later .", "both intention-to-treat and completer analyses will be done .", "the current study will enhance our understanding of the efficacy interparental violence-related parental components added to trauma focused cognitive behavioral group program for children who have been exposed to ipv .", "it will illuminate mechanisms underlying change by considering multiple dimensions of child responses , parenting variables and identify selection criteria for participation in treatment .", "netherlands trial register ntr@ .", "registered @th of june , @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the epilepsy treatment gap is largest in resource-poor countries .", "we evaluated the efficacy of a @-day health education program in a rural area of kenya .", "the primary outcome was adherence to antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) as measured by drug levels in the blood , and the secondary outcomes were seizure frequency and kilifi epilepsy beliefs and attitudes scores ( kebas ) .", "seven hundred thirty-eight people with epilepsy ( pwe ) and their designated supporter were randomized to either the intervention ( education ) or nonintervention group .", "data were collected at baseline and @year after the education intervention was administered to the intervention group .", "there were @ pwe assessed at both time points .", "at the end of the study , @ pwe from the intervention group and @ from the nonintervention group gave blood samples , which were assayed for the most commonly used aeds ( phenobarbital , phenytoin , and carbamazepine ) .", "the proportions of pwe with detectable aed levels were determined using a standard blood assay method .", "the laboratory technicians conducting the assays were blinded to the randomization .", "secondary outcomes were evaluated using questionnaires administered by trained field staff .", "modified poisson regression was used to investigate the factors associated with improved adherence ( transition from nonoptimal aed level in blood at baseline to optimal levels at follow-up ) , reduced seizures , and improved kebas , which was done as a post hoc analysis .", "this trial is registered in isrctn register under isrctn@ .", "there was no significant difference in adherence to aeds based on detectable drug levels ( odds ratio -lsb- or -rsb- @ , @ % confidence interval -lsb- @ % ci -rsb- @-@ @ , p = @ ) or by self-reports ( or @ , @ % ci @-@ @ , p = @ ) between the intervention and nonintervention group .", "the intervention group had significantly fewer beliefs about traditional causes of epilepsy , cultural treatment , and negative stereotypes than the nonintervention group .", "there was no difference in seizure frequency .", "a comparison of the baseline and follow-up data showed a significant increase in adherence-intervention group ( @-@ % -lsb- p < @ -rsb- ) and nonintervention group ( @-@ % -lsb- p < @ -rsb- ) - using detectable blood levels .", "the number of patients with less frequent seizures ( @ seizures in the last @months ) increased in the intervention group ( @-@ % -lsb- p = @ -rsb- ) and in the nonintervention group ( @-@ % -lsb- p = @ -rsb- ) .", "improved therapeutic adherence ( observed in both groups combined ) was positively associated with positive change in beliefs about risks of epilepsy ( relative risk -lsb- rr -rsb- @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) and having nontraditional religious beliefs ( rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) .", "reduced seizure frequency was associated with improved adherence ( rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) .", "positive changes in kebas were associated with having tertiary education as compared to none ( rr @ , @ % ci @-@ @ ) .", "health education improves knowledge about epilepsy , but once only contact does not improve adherence .", "however , sustained education may improve adherence in future studies ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "vaccine effectiveness is usually determined in randomized controlled trials ( rct ) and if effective , additional information , e.g. on cost-effectiveness , is required to allow evidence-based decision making .", "a prerequisite for proper health economic modelling is the availability of good quality data on health care resources use , health outcomes and quality-of-life ( qol ) data .", "the `` collecting health outcomes and economic data on hospitalized community acquired pneumonia ( cho-cap ) -- a prospective cohort study '' is executed alongside the community acquired pneumonia immunization trial with adults ( capita trial ) to capture health outcomes and economic data of elderly hospitalized with cap and matched controls without cap .", "capita is a placebo-controlled double-blind rct evaluating the effectiveness of a @-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in preventing vaccine-type pneumococcal cap in @,@ elderly in the netherlands .", "participants of capita , who consented and provided information on health status ( eq-@d ) and socio-demographic background at the time of vaccination , constitute the source population of cho-cap and are eligible for the nested matched cohort study .", "cho-cap patients hospitalized with cap form the `` diseased '' cohort and the `` non-diseased '' cohort consists of unaffected persons ( i.e. no cap ) .", "observations in the diseased cohort and in matched controls from the non-diseased cohort are used to determine excess costs and qol changes attributable to cap.based on an estimated @,@ capita participants being hospitalized with cap and an assumed cho-cap participation rate of @ % of all capita participants ( @,@ ) , @ cap episodes are expected among cho-cap participants ( the `` diseased '' cohort ) .", "for each patient with cap , two non-diseased cho-cap subjects will be selected from the cho-cap cohort , with matching for age , gender and eq-@d baseline-score .", "data on healthcare and non-healthcare resources use , quality-of-life ( using eq-@d and sf-@ questionnaires ) and selected health outcomes will be collected at @ , @ , @ and @ months after hospitalization for cap.the cho-cap study was approved by the central committee on research involving human subjects in the netherlands .", "with an expected @ cap episodes this study will be one of the biggest prospectively studied cohorts of hospitalized elderly with cap with regard to resources use and qol data .", "strengths of this study further include collection of out-of-pocket costs of patients and productivity losses of both patients and their caregivers and the follow-up period of up to one year post-discharge .", "this study is therefore expected to add more in-depth knowledge on the short and longer term outcomes of pneumonia in elderly .", "clinicaltrials.gov , nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "the role of vascular closure devices ( vcd ) for the achievement of hemostasis in patients undergoing transfemoral coronary angiography remains controversial .", "to compare outcomes with the use of @ hemostasis strategies after diagnostic coronary angiography performed via transfemoral access-a vcd-based strategy with @ types of devices , an intravascular device and an extravascular device , vs standard manual compression .", "the primary hypothesis to be tested was that femoral hemostasis achieved through vcd is noninferior to manual compression in terms of vascular access-site complications .", "a secondary objective was the comparison of the @ types of vcd .", "randomized , large-scale , multicenter , open-label clinical trial .", "we enrolled @ patients undergoing coronary angiography with a @ french sheath via the common femoral artery from april @ through may @ in @ centers in germany .", "last @-day follow-up was performed in july @ .", "after angiography of the access site , patients were randomized to hemostasis with an intravascular vcd , extravascular vcd , or manual compression in a @:@:@ ratio .", "primary end point : the composite of access site-related vascular complications at @ days after randomization with a @ % noninferiority margin .", "secondary end points : time to hemostasis , repeat manual compression , and vcd failure .", "an - level of @ was chosen for primary and secondary comparisons .", "of the @ enrolled patients , @ were randomly assigned to a vcd group ( @ received intravascular vcd and @ received extravascular vcd ) and @ patients were randomly assigned to the manual compression group .", "before hospital discharge , duplex sonography of the access site was performed in @ ( @ % ) patients .", "the primary end point was observed in @ patients ( @ % ) assigned to receive a vcd and @ patients ( @ % ) assigned to manual compression ( difference , -@ % -lsb- @-sided @ % ci , @ % -rsb- ; p for noninferiority < @ ) .", "time to hemostasis was significantly shorter in patients with vcd ( @ minute -lsb- interquartile range -lcb- iqr -rcb- , @-@ @ -rsb- ) , vs manual compression ( @ minutes -lsb- iqr , @-@ -rsb- ; p < @ ) .", "time to hemostasis was significantly shorter among patients with intravascular vcd ( @ minute -lsb- iqr , @-@ @ -rsb- ) , vs extravascular vcd ( @ minutes -lsb- iqr , @-@ @ -rsb- ; p < @ ) and closure device failure was also significantly lower among those with intravascular vs extravascular vcd ( @ patients -lsb- @ % -rsb- , vs @ patients -lsb- @ % -rsb- ; p < @ ) .", "in patients undergoing transfemoral coronary angiography , vcds were noninferior to manual compression in terms of vascular access-site complications and reduced time to hemostasis .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "maximizing art efficiency is of growing interest .", "this study assessed the efficacy , safety , pharmacokinetics and economics of a darunavir dose-reduction strategy .", "this was a multicentre , randomized , open-label clinical trial in hiv-infected patients with plasma hiv-@ rna < @ copies/ml while receiving triple art including @ mg of darunavir once daily .", "participants were randomized to continue @ mg of darunavir ( drv@ ) or to @ mg of darunavir ( drv@ ) , both once daily .", "treatment failure was defined as two consecutive hiv-@ rna determinations > @ copies/ml or discontinuation of study treatment by week @ .", "the study was registered at https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu ( trial number @-@-@ ) .", "fifty participants were allocated to each arm .", "the mean ( sd ) cd@ + t cell count at baseline was @ ( @ ) cells/mm ( @ ) and hiv-@ rna had been < @ copies/ml for a median ( iqr ) of @ ( @-@ @ ) weeks before enrolment .", "at week @ no treatment failure had occurred in @/@ ( @ % ) drv@ patients and in @/@ ( @ % ) drv@ patients ( difference -@ % ; @ % ci lower limit , -@ % ) .", "when only patients with virological data were considered , that endpoint was met by @/@ ( @ % ) in the drv@ arm and @/@ ( @ % ) in the drv@ arm ( difference -@ % ; @ % ci lower limit , -@ % ) .", "darunavir exposure was similar in the two arms .", "the average reduction in annual cost per successfully treated drv@-arm patient was us$ @ .", "the efficacy of a darunavir daily dose of @ mg seemed to be similar to the efficacy of the standard @ mg dose in virologically suppressed hiv-infected patients on triple art .", "this strategy can potentially translate to substantial savings in the cost of care of hiv-infected patients ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the postpartum period can be a challenging time particularly for first-time mothers .", "this study aimed to assess two different interventions designed to reduce stress in the postpartum among first-time mothers .", "healthy first-time mothers with healthy newborns were recruited from hospitals in beirut , lebanon after delivery .", "the two interventions were a @-minute film addressing common stressors in the postpartum period and a @-hour telephone support hotline .", "participants were randomized to one of four study arms to receive either the postpartum support film , the hotline service , both interventions , or a music cd ( control ) .", "participants were interviewed at eight to twelve weeks postpartum for assessment of levels of stress as measured by the cohen perceived stress scale ( pss-@ ) .", "of the @ eligible women , @ ( @ % ) agreed to participate in the study .", "of those , @ ( @ % ) completed the study .", "mean pss-@ scores of mothers who received the film alone ( @ ) or the film with the hotline service ( @ ) were significantly lower than that of the control group ( @ ) ( p-value < @ ) .", "among mothers who received the hotline service alone mean pss-@ score ( @ ) was also significantly lower than that of the control group ( p-value < @ ) .", "both our postpartum support film and the @-hour telephone hotline service reduced stress in the postpartum period in first-time mothers .", "these simple interventions can be easily implemented and could have an important impact on the mental wellbeing of new mothers .", "the trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( identifier # nct@ ) on march @ , @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "to examine whether dexmedetomidine reduces the injection pain of propofol and rocuronium and to investigate whether the decrease in injection pain is associated with the known sedative action of dexmedetomidine .", "randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical comparison study .", "patients undergoing general anesthesia with intubation received @ mg of @ % lidocaine ( lidocaine group ; n = @ ) , @ g/kg of dexmedetomidine ( low-dose group ; n = @ ) , @ g/kg of dexmedetomidine ( subclinical dose group ; n = @ ) , @ g/kg of dexmedetomidine ( clinical dose group , n = @ ) , or normal saline ( saline group ; n = @ ) before anesthetic induction .", "pain associated with propofol and rocuronium injection was assessed using a @-point verbal analog scale ( vas ) and a @-point withdrawal movement scale , respectively .", "the bis value was measured @ seconds after administration of the study drug , and at the time of rocuronium injection and intubation .", "the overall incidence of withdrawal movements due to rocuronium decreased significantly as the dose of dexmedetomidine increased ( @ % , @ % , @ % , and @ % in the saline , low-dose , subclinical dose , and clinical dose groups , respectively ; p = @ ) .", "there was no significant difference in bis values among the groups @ seconds after study drug administration or at the time of rocuronium injection .", "dexmedetomidine reduced pain associated with rocuronium injection in a dose-dependent manner .", "this effect was not associated with the decrease in bis value ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "eosinophilic esophagitis ( eoe ) is a chronic antigen-driven allergic inflammatory disease , likely involving the interplay of genetic and environmental factors , yet their respective contributions to heritability are unknown .", "to quantify the risk associated with genes and environment on familial clustering of eoe .", "family history was obtained from a hospital-based cohort of @ eoe probands ( n = @ first-degree `` nuclear-family '' relatives ) and an international registry of monozygotic and dizygotic twins/triplets ( n = @ eoe `` twins '' probands ) .", "frequencies , recurrence risk ratios ( rrrs ) , heritability , and twin concordance were estimated .", "environmental exposures were preliminarily examined .", "analysis of the nuclear-family-based cohort revealed that the rate of eoe , in first-degree relatives of a proband , was @ % ( unadjusted ) and @ % ( sex-adjusted ) .", "rrrs ranged from @ to @ , depending on the family relationship , and were higher in brothers ( @ ; p = @ ) , fathers ( @ ; p = @ ) , and males ( @ ; p < @ ) than in sisters , mothers , and females , respectively .", "the risk of eoe for other siblings was @ % .", "in the nuclear-family cohort , combined gene and common environment heritability was @ % @ % ( p < @ ) .", "in the twins cohort , genetic heritability was @ % @ % ( p < @ ) , and common family environment contributed @ % @ % ( p < @ ) to phenotypic variance .", "probandwise concordance in monozygotic co-twins was @ % @ % compared with @ % @ % in dizygotic co-twins ( p = @ ) .", "greater birth weight difference between twins ( p = @ ) , breast-feeding ( p = @ ) , and fall birth season ( p = @ ) were associated with twin discordance in disease status .", "eoe rrrs are increased @ - to @-fold compared with the general population .", "eoe in relatives is @ % to @ % , depending on relationship and sex .", "nuclear-family heritability appeared to be high ( @ % ) .", "however , the twins cohort analysis revealed a powerful role for common environment ( @ % ) compared with additive genetic heritability ( @ % ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "serious case reviews and research studies have indicated weaknesses in risk assessments conducted by child protection social workers .", "social workers are adept at gathering information but struggle with analysis and assessment of risk .", "the department for education wants to know if the use of a structured decision-making tool can improve child protection assessments of risk .", "this multi-site , cluster-randomised trial will assess the effectiveness of the safeguarding children assessment and analysis framework ( saaf ) .", "this structured decision-making tool aims to improve social workers ' assessments of harm , of future risk and parents ' capacity to change .", "the comparison is management as usual .", "children 's services departments ( csds ) in england willing to make relevant teams available to be randomised , and willing to meet the trial 's training and data collection requirements .", "csds where there were concerns about performance ; where a major organisational restructuring was planned or under way ; or where other risk assessment tools were in use.six csds are participating in this study .", "social workers in the experimental arm will receive @ days training in saaf together with a range of support materials , and access to limited telephone consultation post-training .", "the primary outcome is child maltreatment .", "this will be assessed using data collected nationally on two key performance indicators : the first is the number of children in a year who have been subject to a second child protection plan ( cpp ) ; the second is the number of re-referrals of children because of related concerns about maltreatment .", "secondary outcomes are : i ) the quality of assessments judged against a schedule of quality criteria and ii ) the relationship between the three assessments required by the structured decision-making tool ( level of harm , risk of ( re ) abuse and prospects for successful intervention ) .", "this is the first study to examine the effectiveness of saaf .", "it will contribute to a very limited literature on the contribution that structured decision-making tools can make to improving risk assessment and case planning in child protection and on what is involved in their effective implementation .", "isrctn @ @ july @ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "this study evaluated the effectiveness of a stress management intervention combining individual cognitive behavioral therapy ( cbt ) with a brief workplace intervention on self-reported measures of sleep and cognitive functioning among patients on sick leave due to work-related stress complaints .", "participants were patients referred to the regional department of occupational medicine .", "inclusion criteria were ( i ) sick leave due to work-related stress complaints and ( ii ) a diagnosis of adjustment disorder/reactions to stress or mild depression .", "participants ( n = @ ) were randomized to either an intervention ( n = @ ) or control ( n = @ ) group .", "the intervention comprised six sessions with a psychologist and the offer of a small workplace intervention .", "questionnaires were answered at baseline and after @ , and @ months .", "symptoms were significantly reduced over time in both groups but there was no significant treatment effect on sleep or cognitive outcomes at any time point .", "from @-@ months , there was a tendency for larger improvements in the intervention group with regards to sleep and cognitive failures in distraction .", "although neither was significant , the results came close to significance depicting a small effect size ( cohen 's d ) on sleep complaints and distractions ( but not memory ) .", "the specific intervention was not superior to the control condition in reducing symptoms of sleep problems and cognitive difficulties at any time point during the @-month follow-up period .", "substantial improvements in symptoms over time were seen in both groups ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to determine the efficacy of tranilast as an adjunctive therapy in conjunctival autograft .", "twenty-nine patients were randomly allocated to the tranilast group ( n = @ ) or the control group ( n = @ ) .", "the tranilast group received a subconjunctival injection of @ % tranilast @ days prior to surgery .", "conjunctival autograft was performed in both groups using fibrin sealant and @ % subconjunctival mitomycin c at the end of the surgery .", "after the resection of the pterygium , immunohistochemistry was performed with @ cells to identify epithelial cells positive for transforming growth factor - ( tgf - ) .", "subjective symptoms were evaluated using a @-point scale , and the recurrence rate was assessed .", "both groups showed improvements in their symptoms and similar clinical results .", "compared with the control group , the tranilast group failed to show a decreased recurrence rate ( p = @ ) .", "however , the number of epithelial cells expressing tgf - was lower in the tranilast group ( @ cells ; @ % ci : @-@ @ ; control group , @ cells , @ % ci : @-@ @ ; p = @ ) .", "minimal but reversible complications , including glaucoma secondary to corticosteroids and granuloma , occurred during the study .", "tranilast was effective in decreasing the number of pterygium epithelial cells expressing tgf - ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "violence and injury risk behaviors , alcohol and drug use problems , and posttraumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) and depressive symptoms occur frequently among adolescents presenting to acute care medical settings after traumatic physical injury .", "to test the effectiveness of a stepped collaborative care intervention targeting this constellation of risk behaviors and symptoms in randomly sampled hospitalized adolescents with and without traumatic brain injury .", "a pragmatic randomized clinical trial was conducted at a single us level i trauma center .", "participants included @ adolescents aged @ to @ years randomized to intervention ( n = @ ) and control ( n = @ ) conditions .", "stepped collaborative care intervention included motivational interviewing elements targeting risk behaviors and substance use as well as medication and cognitive behavioral therapy elements targeting ptsd and depressive symptoms .", "adolescents were assessed at baseline before randomization and @ , @ , and @ months after injury hospitalization .", "standardized instruments were used to assess violence risk behaviors , alcohol and drug use , and ptsd and depressive symptoms .", "the investigation attained more than @ % adolescent follow-up at each assessment point .", "at baseline , approximately one-third of the participants endorsed the violence risk behavior of carrying a weapon .", "regression analyses demonstrated that intervention patients experienced significant reductions in weapon carrying compared with controls during the year after injury ( grouptime effect , f@ ,@ = @ ; p = @ ) .", "at @ months after the injury , @ ( @ % ) intervention patients vs @ ( @ % ) control patients reported currently carrying a weapon ( relative risk ,@ ; @ % ci , @-@ @ ) .", "the intervention was equally effective in reducing the risk of weapon carrying among injured adolescents with and without traumatic brain injury .", "other treatment targets , including alcohol and drug use problems and high levels of ptsd and depressive symptoms , occurred less frequently in the cohort relative to weapon carrying and were not significantly affected by the intervention .", "collaborative care intervention reduced the risk of adolescent weapon carrying during the year after the injury hospitalization .", "future investigation should replicate this preliminary observation .", "if the finding is replicated , orchestrated investigative and policy efforts could systematically implement and evaluate screening and intervention procedures targeting youth violence prevention at us trauma centers .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "formula-fed ( ff ) infants often have harder stools and higher stool concentrations of fatty acid soaps compared to breastfed infants .", "feeding high sn-@ palmitate or the prebiotic oligofructose ( of ) may soften stools , reduce stool soaps , and decrease fecal calcium loss .", "we investigated the effect of high sn-@ palmitate alone and in combination with of on stool palmitate soap , total soap and calcium concentrations , stool consistency , gastrointestinal ( gi ) tolerance , anthropometrics , and hydration in ff infants .", "this double-blind trial randomized @ healthy term infants @-@ days old to receive control formula ( n = @ ) , formula containing high sn-@ palmitate ( sn-@ ; n = @ ) , or formula containing high sn-@ palmitate plus @ g/l of ( sn-@ + of ; n = @ ) .", "a non-randomized human milk ( hm ) - fed group was also included ( n = @ ) .", "the primary endpoint , stool composition , was determined after @ days of feeding , and was assessed using anova accompanied by pairwise comparisons .", "stool consistency , gi tolerance and hydration were assessed at baseline , day @ ( gi tolerance only ) and day @ .", "infants fed sn-@ had lower stool palmitate soaps compared to control ( p = @ ) ; while those fed sn-@ + of had reduced stool palmitate soaps compared to both control and sn-@ ( both p < @ ) .", "stool total soaps and calcium were lower in the sn-@ + of group than either control ( p < @ ) or sn-@ ( p < @ ) .", "the hm-fed group had lower stool palmitate soaps , total soaps and calcium ( p < @ for each comparison ) than all ff groups .", "the stool consistency score of the sn-@ + of group was lower than control and sn-@ ( p < @ ) , but higher than the hm-fed group ( p < @ ) .", "gi tolerance was similar and anthropometric z-scores were < @ sd from the who growth standards in all groups , while urinary hydration markers were within normal range for all ff infants .", "increasing sn-@ palmitate in infant formula reduces stool palmitate soaps .", "a combination of high sn-@ palmitate and of reduces stool palmitate soaps , total soaps and calcium , while promoting softer stools .", "this study was registered on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov: number nct@ ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "a number of studies have evaluated the effects of subcutaneous drainage during digestive surgery .", "all of the previous studies assessed the usefulness of active-suctioning drain , including two randomized controlled studies which found no benefit for the placement of active-suctioning drains in digestive surgery .", "the utility of passive drainage has not been evaluated previously .", "the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous passive drainage system for preventing surgical site infections during major colorectal surgery .", "a total of @ patients who underwent major colorectal surgery were enrolled in this study .", "patients were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous passive drainage or no drainage .", "the primary outcome measured was the incidence of superficial surgical site infections .", "the secondary outcomes measured were the development of hematomas , seromas , and wound dehiscence .", "finally , a total of @ patients ( @ underwent passive drainage , and @ underwent no drainage ) were included in the analysis after randomization .", "there was a significant difference in the incidence of superficial surgical site infections between patients assigned to the passive drainage and no drainage groups ( @ % vs @ % , respectively , p = @ ) .", "there were no cases that developed a hematoma , seroma , or wound dehiscence in either group .", "a subgroup analysis revealed that male gender , age @ years , diabetes mellitus , american society of anesthesiologists ( asa ) status @ , blood loss @ ml , and open access were factors that were associated with a beneficial effect of subcutaneous passive drainage .", "subcutaneous passive drainage provides benefits over no drainage in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the aim of this study was to elucidate the physiological adjustment effect of forest therapy based on the law of initial value .", "the experiments were conducted in nine forest and urban areas in japan during the period from @ to @ .", "there were @ male japanese university students participating in each of the nine experiments ( total , @ participants ) .", "of these , @ subjects ( mean age standard deviation , @ @ years ) were analyzed .", "the subjects were instructed to view a real forest landscape or urban area for @ min .", "the systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , and pulse rate of each subject were measured .", "we analyzed the correlation between the initial values ( after city viewing ) and the differences in values between the two environments ( after forest viewing-after city viewing ) .", "there was a negative correlation between the initial values and the differences in values between the two environments .", "the subjects whose initial systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , and pulse rate were high showed marked decreases in these parameters as their response after viewing the forest environment , whereas those whose initial systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , and pulse rate were low showed increases in these parameters as their response .", "these results support the premise that the physiological effect of a forest environment can differ depending on a subject 's initial response values .", "moreover , it was clear that forest therapy caused physiological adjustment , normalizing blood pressure and pulse rate ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "the most important action in the resuscitation of a newborn in the delivery room is to establish effective assisted ventilation .", "the face mask and endotracheal tube are the devices used to achieve this goal .", "laryngeal mask airways that fit over the laryngeal inlet have been shown to be effective for ventilating newborns at birth and should be considered as an alternative to facemask ventilation or endotracheal intubation among newborns weighing > @,@ g or delivered @weeks ' gestation .", "a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of supraglottic airways in neonatal resuscitation reported the results of four randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) stating that fewer infants in the group using laryngeal mask airways required endotracheal intubation ( @ % ) compared to the group using face masks ( @ % ) .", "however , there were methodological concerns over all the rcts including the fact that the majority of the operators in the trials were anesthesiologists.our hypothesis is based on the assumption that ventilating newborns needing positive pressure ventilation with a laryngeal mask airway will be more effective than ventilating with a face mask in a setting where neonatal resuscitation is performed by midwives , nurses , and pediatricians .", "the primary aim of this study will be to assess the effectiveness of the laryngeal mask airway over the face mask in preventing the need for endotracheal intubation .", "this will be an open , prospective , randomized , single center , clinical trial .", "in this study , @ newborns weighing > @,@ g or delivered @weeks gestation needing positive pressure ventilation at birth will be randomized to be ventilated with a laryngeal mask airway ( lma supremetm , lma company , uk - intervention group ) or with a face mask ( control group ) .", "proportion of newborns needing endotracheal intubation .", "apgar score at @minutes , time to first breath , onset of the first cry , duration of resuscitation , death or moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy within @days of life .", "clinicaltrials.gov identifier : nct@ ( october @ , @ ) ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "BACKGROUND" ]

[ "hypertonic citrate adenine ( hc-a ) solution , containing citrate and adenine , has become the most widely used preservation solution in isolated kidney preservation in china .", "more than @ years of clinical application has demonstrated that hc-a is safe and effective .", "with higher requirement for kidney preservation and less tolerance of preservation-related graft dysfunction , a new solution , hc-a ii , for kidney preservation was developed by shanghai changzheng hospital .", "upon approval from the state food and drug administration of china ( sfda ) , a multi-center randomized controlled trial was performed to study the efficacy and safety of hc-a ii in kidney preservation from @ to @ , using histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution ( htk ) as control ( hc-a , n = @ , and htk , n = @ ) .", "there were no differences with regard to donor and recipient demographics or cold ischemia .", "the trial results showed no significant difference in dgf rate , or patient or graft survival between the @ groups .", "no significant difference between the @ groups was found in the percentage of patients whose serum creatinine ( scr ) test results returned to normal within @ days ( p > @ ) , nor were there a significant difference in safety evaluation ( p > @ ) .", "hc-a ii and htk appear to have similar efficacy in isolated kidney preservation ." ]

[ "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "BACKGROUND", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "prevention research has to elucidate how families with overweight children can be convinced to participate in obesity intervention trials .", "here we describe the detailed recruitment process for a telephone-based obesity prevention programme for families with overweight children and present participation rates , the study design and a socio-demographic description of participating families .", "overweight ( bmi > @th percentile ) children and adolescents @-@ years of age were screened via the german paediatrician network crescnet .", "the prevention programme ( multiple computer aided telephone counselling interviews ) was suggested to eligible families via local paediatricians .", "participating families were compared anthropometrically and socio-demographically to the entire screening population and to micro-census data , a representative national survey .", "the screening process assessed @ candidates for eligibility .", "paediatricians reported having suggested programme participation to @ candidates ( referred to as @ % ) .", "@ candidates ( @ % ) returned a written consent for programme participation .", "@ candidates ( @ % ) started the intervention .", "the study population ( n = @ ) included more obese ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) and fewer overweight participants ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) than the entire screening population .", "compared to the micro-census , families with adolescents ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) and single parents ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) were underrepresented in the study population , whereas families living in rural areas were overrepresented ( @ % vs. @ % ; p < @ ) .", "although @ % of the paediatricians forwarded the suggestion for programme participation to eligible families , participation rates for this low-threshold ; telephone-based obesity intervention remained very low .", "`` hard-to-engage groups '' for effective obesity prevention seem to include single parents , as well as parents of adolescents ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "to examine the cardiopulmonary effects of infusions of remifentanil or morphine , and their influence on recovery of horses anesthetized with isoflurane and dexmedetomidine .", "randomized crossover study with @-day rest periods .", "six adult horses ( @ @ kg ) .", "after the horses were sedated with xylazine , anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and diazepam , and maintained with isoflurane .", "after approximately @ minutes , a dexmedetomidine infusion was started ( @ g kg ( -@ ) then @ g ( -@ ) kg ( -@ ) hour ( -@ ) ) in combination with either saline ( group s ) , morphine ( @ mg kg ( -@ ) then @ mg kg ( -@ ) hour ( -@ ) ; group m ) , or remifentanil ( @ g kg ( -@ ) hour ( -@ ) ; group r ) for @ minutes .", "mean arterial pressure , heart rate , end-tidal carbon dioxide tension , and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were recorded every @ minutes .", "core body temperature , cardiac output , right ventricular and arterial blood-gas values were measured every @ minutes .", "cardiac index , systemic vascular resistance ( svr ) , intrapulmonary shunt fraction , alveolar dead space , oxygen delivery and extraction ratio were calculated .", "recoveries were videotaped and scored by two observers blinded to the treatment .", "data were analyzed using repeated measures anova followed by dunnett 's or bonferroni 's significant difference test .", "recovery scores were analyzed using a kruskal-wallis test .", "no significant differences were found among groups .", "compared to baseline , heart rate decreased and svr increased significantly in all groups , and cardiac index significantly decreased in groups s and m. hemoglobin concentration , oxygen content and oxygen delivery significantly decreased in all groups .", "the oxygen extraction ratio significantly increased in groups m and r. lactate concentration significantly increased in group s. recovery scores were similar among groups .", "dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with remifentanil or morphine infusions was infused for @ minutes without adverse effects in the @ healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses in this study ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]

[ "it is well established through randomized trials that oral antibiotics given with or without a mechanical bowel preparation ( mbp ) prior to colorectal procedures reduce complications , while mbp given alone provides no benefit .", "we aimed to characterize trends surrounding bowel preparation in children and determine whether contemporary practice is evidence-based .", "retrospective analysis of patients undergoing colorectal procedures at @ children 's hospitals ( @/@/@ -@ / @/@ ) was performed .", "patients were analyzed for diagnosis , pre-admission status , and inpatient bowel preparation .", "bowel preparation was considered evidence-based if oral antibiotics were utilized with or without a mbp .", "@ % of all patients were pre-admitted ( n = @,@ ) , and the most common diagnoses were anorectal malformations ( @ % ) , inflammatory bowel disease ( @ % ) , and hirschsprung 's disease ( @ % ) .", "the most common preparation approaches were mbp alone ( @ % ) , mbp + oral antibiotics ( @ % ) , and oral antibiotics alone ( @ % ) , although significant variation was found in hospital-specific rates for each approach ( mbp alone : @-@ @ % , mbp + oral antibiotics : @-@ @ % , orals alone : @-@ @ % , p < @ ) .", "only @ % of all patients received an evidence-based preparation ( range by hospital : @-@ @ % , p < @ ) , and this rate decreased significantly during the five-year study period ( @ % in @ vs. @ % in @ , p < @ ) .", "according to the best available clinical evidence , less than a quarter of all children pre-admitted for elective colorectal procedures receive a bowel preparation proven to reduce infectious complications ." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE", "OBJECTIVE", "METHODS", "METHODS", "METHODS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "RESULTS", "CONCLUSIONS" ]