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= = = Architecture (magazine) = = = |
Originally titled Journal of the American Institute of Architects (Vol. #1 - Issue #1) from January 1944 through 1951, the magazine changed its name to The American Institute of Architects Journal. After publication of the AIA Journal ended in August 1976, then followed Architecture magazine. Once the official magazine of the American Institute of Architects, "Architecture" magazine was one of the main journals on the subject until it was purchased and closed in 2006 by Hanley-Wood, which replaced the magazine with a new title, "Architect". |
= = = Polysics or Die!!!! = = = |
Polysics Or Die!!!! is the first greatest hits album by Japanese band Polysics. It is their first release in the United Kingdom, it was later |
released in the U.S and Japan. The name is likely a reference to the album "" by P-Model, a band whom Polysics is heavily influenced by. |
After Polysics signed to MySpace Records, a revised version of "Polysics or Die!!!!" was released in the US, under the name "Polysics or Die!!!! Vista." It included the latest singles from "Karate House" and a bonus DVD of videos and live cuts. "Polysics or Die!!!! Vista" was released on October 9, 2007, to mark the band's ten-year anniversary. |
= = = Flag of the Federal Territories = = = |
The flag of the Federal Territories is an official flag for the federal territories of Malaysia. It was adopted on 23 May 2006. |
The flag of the Federal Territories is used to represent the federal territories as a whole. The original three territory flags are still in use when representing the individual federal territories. |
The flag has three colours: yellow to represent respect, sovereignty and honour, red for strength and blue for unity, sincerity and harmony. The three stars below the coat of arms of Malaysia stand for the three territories, supporting their mission to become important administrative and business centres. |
= = = Lomagundi College = = = |
Lomagundi College (or simply Lomagundi) is an independent, co-educational, boarding and day, senior school in Zimbabwe which is situated about 130 km northwest of the capital Harare along the Harare-Chirundu highway on the outskirts of Chinhoyi (formerly known as Sinoia) the provincial capital of Mashonaland West. |
Lomagundi College was ranked as one of the Top 10 High Schools in Zimbabwe in 2014. |
Lomagundi College is a member of the Association of Trust Schools (ATS) and the Headmaster is a member of the Conference of Heads of Independent Schools in Zimbabwe (CHISZ). |
Lomagundi College was opened in 1983. The school was built in a valley, over an abandoned coal mine named Shengwidsee. |
The senior school boarding hostels were named after areas around Zimbabwe, namely Sebakwe, Mana (the two boys hostels) with Vumba and Charara being the girls hostels. |
Lomagundi has produced some great sportsmen and women over the decades, such as Greg Lamb (Cricket), Sean Ervine (Cricket), Brendan Taylor (Cricket) and Margaret Odendaal (Athletics) and also the actor Tongayi Chirisa. Also Test Cricketer, Craig Ervine who plays first-class cricket for Midlands, Southern Rocks also went to Lomagundi College. |
= = = Corn lily = = = |
Corn lily is a common name for several plants and may refer to: |
= = = Jennifer Santiago = = = |
Jennifer Santiago is an attorney, freelance writer, photographer and Emmy Award-Winning reporter for HDNews. |
She began her career with WFOR-TV, the CBS affiliate in Miami. In 1997, she received her J.D. degree, with honors, from Villanova University School of Law in Pennsylvania where she was also a member of The Villanova Law Review. She produced the independent feature film "Runnin' At Midnite", which was selected for several film festivals. |
Santiago cites her report that led to then governor Charlie Crist freeing a man named Richard Peay who was sentenced to a 25-year mandatory prison term as the highlight of her professional journalism career, according to an interview she did with Aventura Business Monthly.com |
In February 2006, Congressman Kendrick Meek sent President George W. Bush a copy of Santiago's report "Return to Haiti", urging the President to halt the deportations of Haitians because of an omission in the Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act."Return to Haiti" chronicled the story of an undocumented Haitian migrant who was sent back to Haiti after living in the United States for 15 years. He left behind three U.S. born children and a wife. "Return to Haiti" won numerous awards and recognition from prominent Haitian Advocates such as Congressman Meek and Haitian-American political activist Marleine Bastien. |
Santiago, a reported vegetarian, received a Genesis Award in 2007 from the Humane Society of the United States. The award was given in recognition of a series of reports including "Stopping the Seal Hunt"—which also appeared on the CBS Evening News. |
To mark his first 100 days in office, Florida Governor Charlie Crist gave Santiago an exclusive interview in Tallahassee. |
Bloggers have called her "the Angelina Jolie of news" because of her diverse resume and penchant for traveling to third-world countries alone for news stories. |
= = = Alexander Rossi (artist) = = = |
Alexander Mark Rossi (1840 – 9 January 1916) was a successful British artist specializing in genre works who flourished in the late 19th century. |
He was born on the Greek Island of Corfu, the son of Dr Mark Rossi, an Italian who was one of the three judges presiding over the Ionian Islands during the time of British rule. On a visit to Preston, England in 1866, Rossi met and later married Jane Gillow. He remained in the United Kingdom thereafter. In the 1870s he moved to London. |
Between 1871 and 1903, Rossi exhibited 66 works at the Royal Academy and was also a member of the Hogarth Club. Many of his paintings were of children and young adults, the models often being members of his own family. Perhaps his most well-known painting is "Forbidden Books" (1897). |
After his first wife's death, he married Silvia Tassart in 1902. He died in Golders Green, London on 9 January 1916. |
Note: Some British art houses mistakenly give Rossi's birth and death dates as 1870-1903, but these actually refer to the dates that he was active on the London art scene. |
= = = License to Preach (Methodist) = = = |
A License to Preach in Methodist churches is the official authorization of a person to preach the Gospel and to do other tasks of ministry so authorized (often including administering the Sacraments). Such a license is usually issued by a District Superintendent or Bishop and was required to be reaffirmed at regular intervals (usually annually). |
In the United Methodist Church today this practice is continued in the issuing of Local Pastor's Licenses, authorizing such persons to preach, administer the Sacraments, and do other tasks of ministry in the local church to which such person is appointed. In the Evangelical Wesleyan Church, the District Conference has the authority to dispense a license to preach. |
= = = Yachats Ocean Road State Natural Site = = = |
The Yachats Ocean Road State Natural Site is a state park in southern Lincoln County, Oregon, in the town of Yachats. It is administered by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department. It is located on the Pacific Ocean coast, adjacent to the Oregon Coast Highway and the mouth of the Yachats River. The park is open for day use only, and offers scenic driving on a loop, and wildlife and surf viewing, but is backed on its landward side by low-intensity urban development. |
= = = South Carolina v. Katzenbach = = = |
South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court rejected a challenge from the state of South Carolina to the preclearance provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which required that some states submit changes in election districts to the Attorney General of the United States (at the time, Nicholas Katzenbach). The preclearance provisions were ruled constitutional and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was enforced in full. |
The Voting Rights Act required states to make adjustments to their voting and registration systems if the state employed a literacy test and if the voter turnout or registration was less than fifty percent by November 1, 1964. This was known as the preclearance requirement and affected mostly southern states, making them seek approval from the U.S. District Court for any changes to their voter registration and voting system. |
In South Carolina, the state attorney general, Daniel R. McLeod filed a complaint directly with the Supreme Court attacking the constitutionality of the act and asking for an injunction against enforcement by the attorney general of the United States, Nicholas Katzenbach. McLeod challenged the Voting Rights Act as an unconstitutional encroachment on states’ rights, as a violation of equality between the states, and as an illegal bill of attainder which is legislative punishment enforced without due process of law. |
South Carolina was joined on its attack on the Voting Rights Act by other southern states. Meanwhile, the twenty states that filed in support of the act's provisions and powers mainly consisted of northern and western states. While other states did not file suit, many southern states supported South Carolina's actions. The case took on an even wider significance than normal state challenges to a new federal law because it dealt with both state sovereignty and the power of the legislative branch. |
The decision represents a rare instance of the Supreme Court exercising its right of original jurisdiction, as the case was filed directly in the Supreme Court by the state of South Carolina, rather than being appealed from a lower court. The court intentionally heard the case prior to June of 1966 so their decision would be in effect for South Carolina's primary elections that year. |
In his opinion for the Court, Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote that the Voting Rights Act was a valid exercise of Congress' power under the enforcement clause of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. |
Warren cited the enforcement clause of the 15th Amendment which gave Congress full powers to stop discrimination in regards to voting. He also stated that the Voting Rights Act was necessary to remedy the evil of racism. Additionally, the historical record showed that the 15th Amendment was not strong enough on its own since voter discrimination had continued despite the amendment. The Voting Rights Act provided sterner and more enforceable measures to ensure equal voting opportunities to all citizens. |
The only dissent in the ruling came from Justice Hugo L. Black who opposed the legislation because he felt exceeded the textual reach of the constitution. In his dissent, he explained, “There is no reason to read into the Constitution meanings it did not have when it was adopted and which have not been put into place.” While he would have sustained most of the law, he would have struck down the Section 5 preclearance provisions.Section 5, by providing that some of the States cannot pass state laws or adopt state constitutional amendments without first being compelled to beg federal authorities to approve their policies, so distorts our constitutional structure of government as to render any distinction drawn in the Constitution between state and federal power almost meaningless. One of the most basic premises upon which our structure of government was founded was that the Federal Government was to have certain specific and limited powers and no others, and all other power was to be reserved either 'to the States respectively, or to the people.' Certainly if all the provisions of our Constitution which limit the power of the Federal Government and reserve other power to the States are to mean anything, they mean at least that the States have power to pass laws and amend their constitutions without first sending their officials hundreds of miles away to beg federal authorities to approve them. |
Through the court's majority decision, the Voting Rights Act was upheld and able to be implemented without any barriers. This allowed for over 800,000 African Americans to register to vote between 1964 and 1967. This case was also used as a precedent in other judicial challenges to the Voting Rights Act. According to Indiana University Maurer School of Law professor Luis Fuentes-Rohwer, the case served as an example of a firm interpretation of the 15th Amendment, which granted Congress "full remedial powers" to prevent any racial discrimination. Fuentes-Roher also stated that the case was also an example of the Supreme Court giving more power to Congress by allowing them to create legislation on a topic usually reserved for the States. Opponents of the ruling cite this as an example of judicial activism on steroids, implying this was an overreach of the Supreme Court's powers. They argue the case was decided by the judges' personal beliefs and motives instead of the law and judicial precedent. |
This ruling was a massive win for the Civil Rights Movement, allowing for over 800,000 African Americans to register to vote between 1964 and 1967. The success of the Voting Rights Act allowed President Johnson to continue with the civil rights reform, including legislation such as the Fair Housing Act. This act provided equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or nationality. This case was also used as precedent in other judicial challenges to the Voting Rights Act such as "Allen v. State Board of Elections" and "Beer v. United States". |
The significance of South Carolina v. Katzenbach diminished in 2013 with the decision of "Shelby County v. Holder". The Supreme Court struck down provisions in the Voting Rights Act 5-4 because it was based on decades-old data, making it no longer applicable to present laws and regulations. |
= = = 1983 Five Nations Championship = = = |
The 1983 Five Nations Championship was the 54th series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. |
Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the 89th series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 21 January and 19 March. For the 17th time, the championship was shared. France and Ireland finished level on points, and no tie-break procedure existed before 1993. It was France's 5th shared title, and Ireland's 8th. |
French wing Patrick Estève scored a try against each other team in this tournament, finishing as the top try scorer, with five tries. This was the first time since 1925 that such a feat had been achieved. |
The teams involved were: |
= = = Seamus Elliott = = = |
Seamus 'Shay' Elliott (4 June 1934 – 4 May 1971) was an Irish road bicycle racer, Ireland's first major international rider, with a record comparable only to Sean Kelly and Stephen Roche. He was the first Irish person to ride the Tour de France, first to win a stage, and first to wear the yellow jersey, and first English speaker to win stages in all the Grand Tours. |
After a strong amateur period, primarily with the Dublin Wheelers, Elliott was the first Irish cyclist to make a mark as a professional rider in continental Europe. A late-starting but naturally talented rider, he spent most of his pro career riding as a "domestique" for team leaders such as Jacques Anquetil, and Anquetil's deputy Jean Stablinski. He came 2nd (to Stablinski) in the 1962 World Road Championship at Salò, Italy. |
Aside from being the first English-speaker to lead the Tour de France, wearing the yellow jersey for three days, Elliott was first English-speaker to lead the Vuelta a España, in which he came third in 1962 and was the only English-speaker to win the Omloop "Het Volk" semi-classic until 2014 when Ian Stannard won the race. He died in unclear circumstances at the age of 36. |
Elliott was from the working class area of Crumlin in Dublin, the eldest son of James Elliott, a motobike mechanic, and Ellen, always known as Nell. He played Gaelic football and hurling and didn't learn to ride a bicycle until he was 14. He used it to ride to the town of Naas. |
He joined a small cycling club, St Brendan's, attached to St Brendan's Catholic Church, Coolock, when he was 16 and took part in races of about 20 miles that the church organised around the city streets. He came second in his first race, riding a "scrap" bike with a single fixed wheel that led his pedals to bang the road on corners. The winner had a specialised racing bike. |
Elliott joined the "Southern Road Club" when he was 17 and, on a racing bike, won the Grand Prix of Ireland run over 50 km in the Phoenix Park. The club broke up soon afterwards and Elliott joined the Dublin Wheelers, one of the most active clubs at that time, in March 1952. That summer he won the Mannin Veg, a race over one lap of the TT motorcycling circuit on the Isle of Man. He also won the Dublin-Galway-Dublin two-day race, winning the race back to Dublin in a sprint. |
In 1953 he rode the Manx International, over three laps of the TT circuit, for the Ireland "B" team. He fell on the tricky turn at Governor's Bridge, shortly before the finish, but came fourth. He won the 1953 Irish amateur road championship. |
His "King of the Mountains" placing in the Tour of Ireland in 1954 earned him a trip to the Simplex training camp in Monte Carlo the following spring. |
Jock Wadley said of him in "Sporting Cyclist":I can not remember all the items in Shay's luggage, of course. But I can hardly forget that one whole compartment in the chest of drawers was devoted to provisions which Shay had brought from Ireland, the chief stock being 2lb [1kg] of tea and 2lb of chocolate creams. I was invited to eat as many of the chocolates as I liked, because his aunt who worked in the place where they were made would soon be sending more. |
He said that Elliott was one of several riders asked to strip for examination by the soigneur Raymond Le Bert, who normally worked for Louison Bobet. Wadley wrote:It would be wrong to say that the company laughed when Shay stood there in his underpants, but there were certainly some smiles because in contrast to his lithe, clean-limbed predecessors at the examination, Shay looked a short, fat boy. Le Bert, however, did not smile. Immediately he exclaimed: 'Ah ha, now this is really rock. He is a real flahute. ("Flahute" is a favourite French way of describing the old-type tough Flemish roadman.) |
Elliott did not return permanently to Ireland at the end of the training camp in early 1955. He had just finished six years as an apprentice sheet-metal worker and he and his family in Old County Road in Crumlin, had decided that he had mastered panel-beating and would have a trade to return to if his efforts to become a professional cyclist failed. He contacted a former French professional, Francis Pélissier, for advice. Pélissier told Elliott to compete in as many races as possible, at least three or four a week – possibly in France, but not in Ireland, a cycling backwater. Elliott planned to move to Ghent in Belgium, where he could race several times a week and, as an amateur, win money denied to him in Ireland. At the training camp, however, he met the journalist and race organiser Jean Leulliot, who told him he would burn himself out in round-the-houses racing and urged him to move to Paris. |
Leulliot remembered how Elliott had won the Tourmalet stage of the 1954 Route de France, which Leulliot's paper, "Route et Piste", organised. Leulliot asked in his paper for someone to accommodate Elliott in the capital and added "The Irishman is soaked with class and has a great future before him." The appeal was answered by Paul Wiegant of the Athletic Club Boulogne-Billancourt (ACBB) in Paris, France's top amateur team. Elliott won five one-day amateur classics in 1955 and set the world 10 km amateur record on the Vélodrome d'Hiver in Paris. He was the first foreigner to be ranked top amateur in France. |
Elliott turned professional for the 1956 season. |
Elliott signed as a professional for the Helyett-Félix Potin team (Helyett was a bicycle manufacturere). He won his first race, the GP d'Echo Alger in Algeria, outsprinting André Darrigade. He also won the GP Catox and the GP Isbergues. In his first major race of 1957, the Omloop "Het Volk" in Belgium, he made a race-long break with Englishman Brian Robinson. The break was caught near the finish but Elliott's form was noted. He won the Circuit de la Vienne. He became a team-mate of Jacques Anquetil and Jean Stablinski, staying with the team under different sponsors for much of his career. |
In 1959 he won Omloop "Het Volk", the first foreigner to do so. He attacked on the Mur de Grammont with 30 km to ride and dropped all his rivals except Fred De Bruyne, the Belgian hope. The pair raced together to the finish where Elliott won easily. |
That season Elliott rode the Tour de France, then run for national teams, in a mixed team that included the Englishman, Brian Robinson. Robinson rode above his level across the Massif Central and next day paid the price; he trailed far behind the field. William Fotheringham wrote:In hot weather, these are some of the toughest roads in France, constantly rising and falling. Elliott remained with Robinson, chivvying him, pacing him, pouring water on his head as the Tour's doctor, Pierre Dumas administered glucose tablets. It was the kind of heroic spectacle the Tour reporters loved. "Robinson en perdition" ran the next day's headline in L'Équipe, which described Elliott's efforts as ""attentions de mère poule"" – the solicitousness of a mother hen. Both finished outside the day's race elimination time limit, and expected to be sent home. However, the team's manager, Sauveur Ducazeaux, insisted the judges apply a rule that no rider in the first ten could be eliminated. Robinson had started the day ninth: it was Elliott who was sent home. "The mother hen was cooked; the chick avoided the pot", Fotheringham said. Robinson always regretted the outcome, and when he won the next stage, told journalists that he did it for Elliott. |
In 1960, Elliott became the first English-speaking rider to take the pink jersey in the Giro d'Italia. In 1962, he came third in the 1962 Vuelta a España, coming second in the points classification, and winning the fourth stage; he led the race for nine days. |
In the 1962 world road championship at Salò in Italy, he got into the winning break with Stablinski. Stablinski was a team-mate in the professional peloton and a friend but a rival in the championship, where riders rode in national teams. However, Elliott and Stablinski worked to wear down the other break members. When Stablinski attacked, Elliott refused to chase and the Frenchman won alone. Elliott eventually broke away to take the silver medal. Elliott admitted he had sacrificed his chance for Stablinski's benefit. "Team loyalty was a theme that ran throughout Elliott's career," noted the editor of Cycling Martin Ayres. Elliott said: "I'm not supposed to say that I helped Jean, but he's the best friend I've got in cycling and godfather to my son, Pascal. So I couldn't very well go after him, could I?" |
His best result was in the 1963 Tour de France. He won by 33 seconds, enough to give him the yellow jersey of leadership. He held it for three days. Another 20 years passed before another Irishman, Sean Kelly, led the Tour. This achievement also made him the first English-speaker to lead the three great European tours, of Italy, Spain and France. |