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Natalia Orloff, a Ukraine child, is marched with her family to the Polish border before being put on a train and sent to a work camp where sickness and starvation dominates her life and memories. |
Through personal stories of survivors and original historical footage, these lesser known voices are brought to life. |
= = = Bluff Point State Park = = = |
Bluff Point State Park is a public recreation area and nature preserve on an undeveloped peninsula located between the Poquonnock River and Mumford Cove on Long Island Sound in the town of Groton, Connecticut. The state park's encompass a barrier beach, steep cliffs, forested sections, and tidal wetlands; are designated as a coastal reserve. Recreational opportunities include hiking, mountain biking, boating, saltwater fishing, and shell fishing. The park is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. |
The Pequot used Bluff Point as a source of seafood before the arrival of European colonists. In 1649, the Town of New London granted John Winthrop the Younger a plot of land that became the plantation called Winthrop's Neck. It included present day Bluff Point State Park, Haley Farm State Park, Poquonnock Bridge, Mumford Cove, and Groton Long Point. The property was subsequently divided into Great Farm, also known as Bluff Point, and the Fort Hill Farm. |
The farm building called Winthrop House was constructed on Bluff Point circa 1712 by Edward Yeomans on land leased from the Winthrop family. When it burned down in 1962, it left only a chimney standing that would later be used to reconstruct the Ebenezer Avery House's chimney after its relocation to Fort Griswold. The foundations of the farmhouse are still visible. The farm's crops included blackberry bushes and apple trees which continue to thrive. In the early 20th century, Bluff Point was part of an area known as Poquonnock Farm that was leased for potato farming by John Abbott Ackley. |
In 1892, Walter Denison opened a summer resort on Bushy Point. As interest in camping rose in the 1910s, Bluff Point became a popular destination by the 1920s. Tents and shacks grew into a small community of summer cottages by the 1930s. The owner of the property decided to stop subleasing the property in June 1938, with the termination in October 1 and the removal of the structures by November 1. Leary writes, "[b]efore a legal protest could be mounted, nature adjudicated the issue. On September 21, 1938, a massive hurricane came ashore at high tide. Except for the old Winthrop place, it destroyed nearly every building on the site." Some 106 homes were lost. |
Bluff Point was proposed as a state recreation facility as early as 1914. The state acquired the western one-third of Bluff Point from Henry A. Gardiner III in 1963. During that time, the State sought to acquire the land because Bluff Point was the "last remaining significant portion of undeveloped shoreline in Connecticut" and that its "rocky bluffs standing behind narrow beaches typified the Connecticut coast." The Bluff Point Advisory Council, a committee formed of local citizen groups and government representatives, successfully petitioned the state to acquire the land and protect it. The Connecticut legislature established Bluff Point as a Coastal Reserve in 1975. The act gave Bluff Point State Park the highest possible protection in the State Park system and serves to protect the high number of endangered and threatened species that are found within the park. |
According to legend, a boulder on the beach, known as Split Rock, suddenly split with "the sound of a cannon shot" in January 1780. Leary notes that it was likely split by freezing water that expanded in a crack in the rock. Sunset Rock was used by residents of the summer community for meetings and religious services; the sunset can no longer be seen from the rock. |
Diverse flora can be found at Bluff Point, owing to an intermingling of habitat areas including salt marshes, coastal woodlands, dunes and intertidal grass beds. This array of habitats also contributes to the broad range of birds found at the park. Several uncommon species of gulls, shorebirds and landbirds are among the more than 200 species of birds that have been observed throughout Bluff Point. In contrast, terrestrial animals residing in the park are of fairly common species, including deer, coyotes, foxes and smaller mammals such as rabbits, raccoons and opossums. Offshore wildlife includes horseshoe crabs, clams, mussels, snails and a multitude of crustaceans. |
The park is notable for bird watching; over 200 species have been seen at the site. Other activities include picnicking, saltwater fishing, shell fishing, hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking. A ramp for car-top boating is available. Fish caught at Bluff Point include striped bass, sea trout, bluefish, and summer flounder. |
= = = 1982 Alaska gubernatorial election = = = |
The 1982 Alaska gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 1982, for the post of Governor of Alaska. To replace outgoing Republican governor Jay Hammond, Democratic nominee Bill Sheffield defeated three opponents: Republican nominee Tom Fink, Libertarian nominee Dick Randolph and Alaskan Independence Party nominee Joe Vogler. Hammond had endorsed his lieutenant governor, Terry Miller, who lost the Republican nomination to Fink in the primary election. |
Randolph, as a member of a political party not recognized by the state, gained access to the ballot via a nominating petition. He garnered nearly fifteen percent of the vote, to date the highest percentage received by any Libertarian Party gubernatorial candidate. His running mate, Donnis Thompson, the wife of the mayor of the Kenai Peninsula Borough, was the only woman on a statewide ballot in this year's elections, as well as one of the first in Alaskan history. |
As of 2019, this is the earliest governor election in which all major candidates are still living. |
= = = Paul Todd (footballer) = = = |
Paul Raymond Todd (8 May 1920 − October 2000) was an English footballer who played as an inside forward in the Football League for Doncaster Rovers, Blackburn Rovers and Hull City. |
Being stationed in the RAF near Doncaster during the war, Todd turned out for Doncaster 36 times in the wartime leagues. He was also captain of the RAF Command team in Ceylon. With the war over and League football recommencing, he signed for Doncaster and became a regular for the next four seasons, becoming captain under manager Peter Doherty. In his first season, he scored 26 goals from 44 appearances. |
He moved to then high-flying Blackburn Rovers, and then to Hull City. |
For the 1953–54 season he became player-manager of Kings Lynn, scoring 36 times in his 56 league and cup games, as well as taking them to win the Eastern Counties League and the Norfolk Senior Cup. He remained there for three more seasons as they played in the Midland League. |
Between 1961 and 1964 he managed Boston United in the Central Alliance League. At the end of his first season in a game against Wilmorton, Todd at 42 stepped in to play when one of his team failed to show. That first season saw United win the Central Alliance League and the Central Alliance Cup. |
He moved to become the first manager of Boston when they were formed in 1964 as Boston United entered serious financial straits, taking with him many of the players from United. He led them to a Lincolnshire League title in their first season and a Central Alliance title the following season. He later managed Worksop Town. |
Todd died in October 2000. |
= = = Alexeyevskaya, Volgograd Oblast = = = |
Alexeyevskaya () is a rural locality (a "stanitsa") and the administrative center of Alexeyevsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. Population: |
= = = Weightlifting at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 63 kg = = = |
The women's 63 kilograms event at the 2002 Asian Games took place on October 3, 2002 at Pukyong National University Gymnasium. |
The following records were established during the competition. |
= = = Enda Barrett = = = |
Enda Barrett (born 2 February 1987) is an Irish hurler who currently plays as a left wing-forward for the Clare senior team. |
Barrett made his first appearance for the team during the 2009 National League, however, he failed to make an immediate impact on the team. Since then however, he has won one National League (Division 1B) medal. |
At club level Barrett is a one-time county club championship medalist with Newmarket-on-Fergus. |
Barrett played for NUI Galway in the Fitzgibbon Cup, and was part of the team that lost the 2007 final. |
= = = Bangladeshi cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2012–13 = = = |
The Bangladesh cricket team toured Sri Lanka from 3 to 31 March 2013. The tour will consist of two Tests, three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and a Twenty20 International (T20I). |
= = = Dehnow-e Avarzaman = = = |
Dehnow-e Avarzaman (, also Romanized as Dehnow-e Āvarzamān and Deh Now-ye Āvar Zamān; also known as Deh Now) is a village in Haram Rud-e Sofla Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,609, in 446 families. |
= = = Jijian Rud = = = |
Jijian Rud (, also Romanized as Jījīān Rūd and Jījeyānrūd; also known as Jeyjān Rūd) is a village in Haram Rud-e Sofla Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 274, in 70 families. |
= = = Jaria = = = |
Jaria (, also Romanized as Jarīā, Jereyā, and Jeryā; also known as Girieh, Girya, and Gīryeh) is a village in Haram Rud-e Sofla Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 228, in 57 families. |
= = = Bykovo, Volgograd Oblast = = = |
Bykovo () is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Bykovsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the Volgograd Reservoir. Population: |
= = = Hungry Bay Nature Reserve = = = |
Hungry Bay Nature Reserve is a nature reserve on the east coast of Bermuda. It was established in 1986. It is considered the best example of coastal mangrove swamp on the island. It includes the Hungry Bay area and the largest mangrove coastal swamp in Bermuda. It is protected by a Tree preservation order (T.P.O.) and designated as an official Nature Reserve within the Parks system of Bermuda. |
The Hungry Bay Mangrove Swamp Reserve, a wetland site, is one of the seven Ramsar Sites in Bermuda. This designation recognises its international importance as a northerly mangrove swamp, as a habitat for its native crustaceans and as an important destination for migratory birds. Most of the reserve consists of mangrove swamp, while in the southern part there is a small area of saltmarsh. Much damage was done to the site by a storm in 2003 and residents have expressed concern about possible environmental damage resulting from pollution from the village of Seabright. |
The reserve was proposed as a National Nature Reserve under the Development and Planning Act of 1974. It was part of the Development Plan of 1983. While the mangroves are under the Tree Preservation Order, the reserve in general is decreed as a National Reserve under the Bermuda National Parks Act of 1986. The Hungry Bay Mangrove Swamp Reserve is one of the seven Ramsar Sites in Bermuda. It was approved as a Ramsar site of international importance on 10 May 1999, meeting the criteria (1, 2, 3, 4 and 8) for its unique characteristics. Its significance is due to being the largest northerly mangrove swamp in the Atlantic Ocean, the many migratory bird species which visit during winter, and the many native crustacean species, including the endangered terrestrial hermit crab ("Coenobita clypeatus") and giant land crab ("Cardisoma guanhumi"). |
During Hurricane Fabian in September 2003, the outer (western) third of the swamp, accounting for 25–30% of the total area of mangroves, suffered total destruction. Global warming has also caused rise in tidal levels resulting in damage to the swamps. More recently, residents have begun to voice concerns over the Seabright sewage outflow, which enters Hungry Bay itself. A resident of the Bay noted the persistent appearance of a "shiny slick" emanating from Seabright extending to the "reef-line a few hundred yards off". |
Bermuda's largest tidal mangrove swamp is situated in a sea bay on the east coast of Bermuda, in an enclosed coast with a narrow opening from the sea, Hungry Bay. Reported as the most northerly mangrove swamp in the world, it is shallow with a depth of about during high tide. The area is small at , of which 99% is of tidal mangrove forest and the balance 1% is made up of permanent brackish marshes. The soil conditions comprise clay, mud, peat and sand. It has perennial source of water and is of water quality varying from brackish to mixosaline, saline and euhaline in different zones. |
Climatic conditions in the reserve is subtropical with mild temperatures with humidity. Storms and gales are a common feature during winter. The reserve consists of dense forest of red and black mangrove trees. A large number of sea water channels flow through the area which rise and fall with the tides. These tidal channels are an important habitat for small fish. Crabs and other marine creatures are found here. The trees are the habitat for many species of birds. Snails and insects are commonly found in the reserve. |
The reserve can be reached by road, though access is limited, or by boat travelling directly through the bay. The reserve operates a small wharf capable of receiving boat traffic. |
Vegetation in the mangrove swamps consists primarily of black mangrove ("Avicennia germinans") and red mangrove ("Rhizophora mangle"). Other species of trees reported around the mangroves are buttonwood ("Conocarpus erectus"), rush ("Juncus acutus"), sea purslane ("Sesuvium portulacastrum"), sea ox-eye ("Borrichia arborescens"), sea lavender ("Limonium caroliniatum"), "Paspalum vaginatum", "Sporobolus virginicus", woody glasswort ("Sarcocornia perennis") and West Indian grass ("Eustachys petraea"). Tropical mangrove swamp characterises the northern areas of the reserve while the southern areas primarily represent temperate saltmarsh. |
Invasive plants, notably among them casuarina, are adversely affecting the growth of the mangrove swamp, and therefore in addition giant land and hermit crabs, endemic snail species. Habitat restoration measures are underway to retain the mangroves and other native species. |
The faunal species reported from the mangrove swamp include several species of crabs: the giant land crab ("Cardisoma guanhumi") ( only two colonies exists in the upper regions of the swamp), the terrestrial hermit crab ("Coenobita clypeatus") (54 individuals recorded in 1990), and the mangrove crab ("Goniopsis cruentatus"). |
Significant avifauna reported in the reserve are the great blue heron ("Ardea herodias"), yellow-crowned night heron ("Nyctanassa violacea"), snowy egret ("Egretta thula"), mallard ("Anas platyrhynchus"), belted kingfisher, "Megaceryle alcyon" and northern waterthrush ("Parkesia noveboracensis"), which are all wintering bird species. Feral pigeons, which are displacing tropic birds from their nesting sites in cliff-holes and ledges, need to be eliminated from the reserve to preserve the native species of birds, according to efforts made to control their population thus far. |
= = = Hezar Jerib, Hamadan = = = |
Hezar Jerib (, also Romanized as Ḩezār Jerīb, Hezār Jarīb, Hazār Jarīb, and Hazār Jerīb) is a village in Haram Rud-e Sofla Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 178, in 46 families. |
= = = Hoseynabad-e Nazem = = = |
Hoseynabad-e Nazem (, also Romanized as Ḩoseynābād-e Nāz̧em and Hoseīn Abad Nazem; also known as Ḩoseynābād and Hūsaīnābād) is a village in Haram Rud-e Sofla Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,326, in 869 families. |
= = = Hasan Kusej = = = |
Hasan Kusej (, also Romanized as Ḩasan Kūsej, Hasan Koosej, and Ḩasan Kūsaj) is a village in Haram Rud-e Sofla Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 117, in 32 families. |
= = = Kahriz-e Hoseynabad-e Nazem = = = |
Kahriz-e Hoseynabad-e Nazem (, also Romanized as Kahrīz-e Ḩoseynābād-e Nāz̧em; also known as Kahrīz and Kahrīz Ḩoseynābād) is a village in Haram Rud-e Sofla Rural District, Samen District, Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 494, in 123 families. |
= = = Weightlifting at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 58 kg = = = |
The women's 58 kilograms event at the 2002 Asian Games took place on October 2, 2002 at Pukyong National University Gymnasium. |