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Regina Salomée Halpir (1718 – after 1763) was an 18th-century oculist. She often earns the title of the first female doctor from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. What is known about her life is known from her memoirs, written in 1760, which is a unique example of travel memoir and women's literature. Halpir expressed decidedly un-womanly characteristics and ambitions. Instead of dedicating her life to raising children and being a good wife, as dictated by the 18th-century social norms, Halpir strove to become a successful medical doctor and expressed her hunger for travel and adventure. |
She is known under a great variety of names. Her first name is often given as Salomea, Salome, or Salomėja. In her memoir, she referred to herself as Salomea, but she signed the dedication as Regina. Her maiden name is rendered as Rusiecki, Rusiecka, Ruseckaitė, Rusieckich. Halpir or Halpirowa is her married name from the first marriage. Her name from the second marriage is rendered as Pilstein, Pilsztyn, Pilsztynowa, Pilštyniova, or Pichelstein. Even after bitter divorce from her second husband she continued to use his last name, perhaps because it sounded more noble. In the dedication of her memoir she used the fourth surname – Makowska. It has been suggested that it is the surname of her third husband, but the origin of that surname remains unknown. |
Halpir was born near Navahrudak, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, to the family of Joachim Rusiecki of petty nobility. At the age of 14 she was married off to a German Lutheran oculist Dr. Jacob Halpir. The couple moved to Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, where Dr. Halpir practiced medicine and had many clients while facing cut-throat competition from Jewish and Muslim doctors. Despite, or perhaps because of, her being a poorly educated Christian woman in an Islamic country, Halpir was trained by her husband and assisted him in his operations eventually becoming an accomplished physician herself, with a specialty in cataract surgery. Her status as a female helped her find a niche serving female patients and her status as a foreigner helped her skirt Islamic traditions that severely limited women's freedom. Halpir never received any formal training in medicine. |
Later, her husband fell ill. He died leaving Halpir with their 2-year-old daughter, Constance. After this, Halpir embarked on an extensive journey throughout Europe. During the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39), she bought four Austrian prisoners of war. Three of them were ransomed by relatives while the fourth, ensign Pilstein, became her second husband. She traveled to Poland where Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł made her husband an officer and offered her the position of doctor's residence in Nesvizh. Harpin traveled to Saint Petersburg to free some Turkish prisoners of war. There she gained access to the imperial court and met Empress Anna of Russia and future Empress Elizabeth of Russia. After several months she returned to Poland. She divorced her second husband, whom she bore two sons, after she accused him of adultery, attempting to poison her, and extortion. She moved to Vienna where Prince József Rákóczi fell in love with her, but she declined his marriage proposal. Halpir became romantically involved with a Polish nobleman, seven years her junior, who took advantage of her wealth. She also accused him of starving one of her sons to death. She returned to Constantinople and became a physician of the women in the harem of sultan Mustafa III. Until recently, her destiny after 1760, when she completed her memoir, was unknown. Dariusz Kołodziejczyk has found that in 1763 she was employed as a physician in the Khan’s harem in Bakhchysarai and as such she served as an informant of the Russian consul Aleksandr Nikiforov. |
Halpir's 388-page autobiography was discovered by a Polish historian Glatman in the library of Prince Czartoryski. The memoir was published as "Proceder podróży i życia mego awantur" (My Life's Travels and Adventures) in Poland in 1957. A number of the events in the memoir seem far-fetched and implausible. For example, she described how her leg became limp and visibly shorter due to a magic omen. Therefore, biographical accuracy of her memoir is disputed and some researchers prefer to treat it more as a work of fiction than factual autobiography. |
= = = Millennium Kitchen = = = |
= = = Intent (Android) = = = |
An Intent in the Android operating system is a software mechanism that allows users to coordinate the functions of different activities to achieve a task. An Intent is a messaging object which provides a facility for performing late runtime binding between the code in different applications in the Android development environment. Its most significant use is in the launching of activities, where it can be thought of as the glue between activities: Intents provide an inter-application messaging system that encourages collaboration and component reuse. |
An Intent is basically a passive data structure holding an abstract description of an action to be performed. "For Dummies" likens an Intent to flicking a switch: "Your intent is to turn on the light, and to do so, you perform the action of flipping the switch to the On position." |
The concept was created as a way to allow developers to easily remix different apps and allow each type of task (called "activity") to be handled by the application best suited to it, even if provided by a third party. Although the concept was not new, the Android architecture doesn't require elevated privileges to access the components, which makes it an open platform. |
Activities in Android are defined as classes that control the life cycle of a task in the user interface. The activities supported by an application are declared in a manifest, so that other applications can read what activities are supported. Intents in one application can start particular activities in a different application, if the latter supports the message type of the Intent. |
An analysis in 2011 by researchers from The University of California at Berkeley found that Intents can pose a security risk, allowing attackers to read content in messages and to insert malicious messages between applications. |
= = = 2013 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Women's Singles = = = |
This was a new event on the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit at São Paulo's Clube Hebraica as the men's ATP Challenger Tour came to the Brazilian city again after April's IS Open de Tenis. |
Roxane Vaisemberg was the defending champion from 2012's $10,000 event at São Paulo's Clube Painieras do Morumby, but lost in the first round to Bianca Botto. |
Botto went on to win the tournament, defeating Gabriela Cé in the final, 7–6, 5–7, 6–2. |
= = = 2013 São Paulo Challenger de Tênis – Women's Doubles = = = |
This was a new event on the 2013 ITF Women's Circuit at São Paulo's Clube Hebraica as the men's ATP Challenger Tour came to the Brazilian city again after April's IS Open de Tenis. |
Paula Cristina Gonçalves and Roxane Vaisemberg were the defending champions from 2012's $10,000 event at São Paulo's Clube Painieras do Morumby, but Gonçalves chose not to defend her title. Vaisemberg partnered up with Flávia Dechandt Araújo, but they lost in the semifinals. |
Laura Pigossi and Carolina Zeballos won the tournament, defeating Nathália Rossi and Luisa Stefani in the final, 6–3, 6–4. |
= = = Armand Couaillet = = = |
Armand Couaillet (1865–1954) was a French clock maker from Saint-Nicolas-d'Aliermont in Normandy. |
In 1890 Couaillet started a business producing carriage clocks; shortly afterwards his three brothers join the business. By the turn of the century, the company employed about 100 workers and were producing 4000 carriage clocks each month. |
On the eve of World War I, The Couaillet brothers employed 300 people and their catalog listed 250 models of clocks, but during the war, the focus of production switched to precision mechanical components for fuses, parts for aircraft engines and field telegraph systems. |
In 1919, after a trip to the United States, he designed and began the production of the “Électricar”, a lightweight, three-wheeled, one-person electric automobile. Only 250 units are sold; the market demanded an internal combustion engine. At the same time, he relaunched his horological business, producing primarily alarm clocks and timers. In 1925 that business was bankrupt, and closed down. |
= = = 2013 European Road Championships – Women's junior road race = = = |
The Women's junior road race at the 2013 European Road Championships took place on 21 July. The Championships were hosted by the Czech Republic city of Olomouc. The course was 77 km long. 82 junior cyclists competed in this discipline. |
= = = Bhatlapenumarru = = = |
Bhatlapenumarru is a village in the Krishna District of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Movva mandal of Machilipatnam revenue division. |
Bhatlapenumarru was previously an agraharam donated to the Brahmin community by the Gajapathi Kings. The first part of the village's name is "bhatla," which is Telugu dialect of plural version of the word "bhat," and the second half "penumarru" means large locality. |
Indian freedom fighter and designer of the Indian National Flag, Sri Pingali Venkayya (August 2, 1878 – July 4, 1963), was born in this village. In honor and remembrance of the man who designed the Indian National Flag, a statue was erected in the center of the village opposite the library. |
Arjuna Award winner Sri Kamineni Eswara Rao was also born in this village. He was adjudged "Strongest Man of India" in the 1954 Senior Nationals and was labelled by American coach Bob Hoffman as "Powerhouse". He represented India as weightlifter in 1956 Melbourne Olympics, 1960 Rome Olympics and the first Asian Games(1951). In 2009, a Gymnasium called "Sri Kamineni" was established in honor of Sri Kamineni Eswara Rao at Pedapudi, in the Kuchipudi Center. |
Bhatlapenumarru is located at . It is at an altitude of approximately 5m (19feet). |
= = = Samuel Richardson (disambiguation) = = = |
Samuel Richardson was an 18th-century English novelist and printer. |
Sam or Samuel Richardson may also refer to: |
= = = Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles = = = |
The report Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles was the third of six scientific assessments on global metals to be published by the International Resource Panel (IRP) of the United Nations Environment Programme. The IRP provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of areas, including: |
Metals and their compounds have been used for millennia because of their unique properties. They are used in highly valued products of modern technology, furthermore, they plan an essential role in renewable energy technologies. After having analyzed issues of metal stocks in society and recycling rates and recycling conditions and opportunities in the previous two reports on metals, Metal Stocks in Society report and Recycling Rates of Metals report, the International Resource Panel decides to address the environmental and energy issues related to the use and the production of metals. In this report, an assessment is made of literature on metal flows and cycles in nature and in society, the way they are connected, and the potential impacted related to them. The four areas of focus are 1) Local impacts of mining, 2) life cycle energy use, 3) non-metal sources, and 4) the need for a final sink. Furthermore, the author point out that a sustainable metals management cannot be defined in isolation, because a global issue like this is linked to many other issues at the global level: population and welfare increase, the concurrent expected rise in demand for food, water, and energy, the availability of metals and other non-renewable materials, the shift to a renewable energy system, dietary choices, etc. Therefore it should be part of an overall effort to steer society towards a more sustainable development. |
The production of different metals has different potentials to impact the environment. The report gives reasons to why metals can become relatively more important from an environmental impact point of view. First of all, the demand for most metals is rising rapidly and this trend is expected to continue in the coming decades. Secondly, a shift towards a renewable energy system implies that the material, especially metal, intensity of energy production will increase substantially. Thirdly, in the future, the energy intensity of production of metals is expected to increase due to the use of lesser grade of ores. |
= = = Winklevoss Capital Management = = = |
Winklevoss Capital is a family office founded in 2012 by Tyler Winklevoss and Cameron Winklevoss. The firm invests across multiple asset classes with an emphasis on providing seed funding and infrastructure to early-stage startups. The company is headquartered in New York’s Flatiron District. |
On April 11, 2012, Tyler Winklevoss and Cameron Winklevoss revealed ownership of approximately 1% of bitcoins in circulation, worth about $11 million, via Winklevoss Capital. The brothers began buying bitcoin when the value of a single coin was in the single digits. |
On July 1, 2013, Digital Asset Services, LLC (wholly owned by Winklevoss Capital) filed a Form S-1 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to create the Winklevoss Bitcoin Trust, an exchange-traded fund for bitcoin. |
In 2013, Winklevoss also lead a funding round for BitInstant, a bitcoin exchange start-up based in New York City. Winklevoss Capital, along with other investors, raised $1.5 million in seed funding to help BitInstant increase its staff and scale up its product. |
In 2019 Winklevoss participated in a $3.5 million seed round in Bitski. Investors included Galaxy Digital, Winklevoss Capital, Kindred Ventures, Coinbase, SV Angel, Animoca Brands, Signia Ventures, and Bobby Goodlatte. |
In 2017, Winklevoss was expected to buy up to $500,000 worth of shares in Eaze, a cannabis delivery startup. After a new Eaze CEO was named, the firm backed out of the deal and in May 2016 was sued in Delaware court for reneging on the deal. Winklevoss is also an investor in Eaze and participated in its series B financing round in 2016. |
= = = Shahira Fahmy = = = |
Shahira Fahmy (1974) is an Egyptian architect. She is the founder and principal of Shahira Fahmy Architects (SFA),(2005) in Cairo, Egypt. |
She won the Loeb Fellowship at the Harvard Graduate School of Design for 2015, and currently a recipient of the Berkman fellowship of Berkman Center for Internet & Society for 2016 at Harvard Law School. |
Shahira Fahmy is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, GSAPP at Columbia University (since 2014). |
In 2005, Fahmy won the Bibliotheca Alexandrina Young Architect Award (2005). Her company has won international competitions in Switzerland and London. |
Fahmy was born in Egypt. She holds a master's degree in Architecture from Cairo University (2004). |
Fahmy was an instructor at Cairo University from 1997 to 2007. |
Fahmy has collaborated with other architects, including working with Legoretta+legorreta, Abdel Halim Ibrahim, and Sasaki on the new campus at American University in Cairo in 2005, with Dar el Handasah on the design of the Ahmed Bahaa El-Din Cultural Center in 2010, and with Bas Princen at the exhibition 'Home in the Arab World' at the 2012 London Festival of Architecture. |
Fahmy has been a guest speaker at Arkimeet, Istanbul (2010), the Royal Institute of British Architects, London (2011), the Harvard Arab Alumni Association (2011), American University Beirut (2012), and American University Cairo (2012). |
In 2012, with London-based Delfina Foundation, Fahmy won an architecture competition and as a result worked on the architectural expansion of the Delfina Foundation headquarters near Buckingham Palace in London., which was completed in 2014. Fahmy also designed the modern Block 36 in Westown, Cairo. |
Fahmy is a board member of the International Community of Red Cross in Egypt. She is a member of the Egyptian Engineering Syndicate and the Friends of Ahmed Bahaa El Din Society. She is an associate member of the Society of Egyptian Architects, UIA National Section, and the Egyptian Earth Construction Association. |
Fahmy has participated in various architectural exhibitions, including the Atlas of The Unbuilt World, The Home in the Arab world, Andermatt Swiss Alps AG, Green Good Design Exhibition, Cityscape Abu Dhabi, +20 Egypt Design, Cairo, Egypt, World Architecture Festival, Cityscape Dubai, MIPIM, Traffic, Furnex, LEAF Award, 100% Design/ 100% Futures, Salone Internationale del Mobile Salone Satellite, and Bibliotheca Alexandrina. |
Fahmy made her acting debut in Hong Sang-soo's 2017 drama film "Claire's Camera", alongside Isabelle Huppert and Kim Min-hee. The feature was screened in the Special Screening section at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival. |
= = = Matthew Aid = = = |
Matthew Morris Aid (1958 – August 20, 2018) was an American military historian and author. He was working on signal intelligence and the history of the National Security Agency. |
In 2006, Aid, a former member of the Air Force (now a historian) was performing research about the National Archives and learned that 25,515 records had been removed from the National Archives by five agencies, namely the CIA, the Air Force, the Energy Department, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Archives itself. The story was first published by "The New York Times". |
Shortly after interviewing Aid in 2006, "Washington Post" reporter Christopher Lee learned through a Freedom of Information Act request that Aid had been punished 21 years earlier for unauthorized possession of classified information and impersonating an officer while serving as a staff sergeant in the United States Air Force in the United Kingdom. He was court-martialed for unauthorized possession of classified documents and impersonating an officer, received a bad conduct discharge, and was imprisoned for a year in 1986. Aid responded that the release of his military records to the press was done in retaliation for his discovery of the National Archives records removal, which led to an official investigation and press-attention. |
= = = 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships – Men's discus throw = = = |
The men's discus throw at the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships was held at the Stade du Rhône from 20–29 July. |
= = = Ponte Vella = = = |
Ponte Vella (Galician, "old bridge", Ponte Romana (Roman bridge), Ponte Maior (great bridge)) is a medieval footbridge built on Roman foundations in Ourense, Spain. Located at the intersection of N120 and Rua Progreso, it spans the Minho River. Its steep rise of above the Minho River makes for safe passage during flash floods. At one time, it was considered to be the biggest bridge in all of Spain. |
The bridge is situated in front of a chapel, connecting Ourense and Santiago de Compostela. The Ponte Maior was the only access across the Minho River until another bridge was constructed in 1816, while Ponte Milenio, a modern bridge, was built later in the millennium. |
The original bridge across the Minho River was built during the first century rule of Emperor Augustus though other sources state that it was built during the Trajan period. A mention is made of this bridge in the will of Doña Urraca, where it is said that it was repaired with funds provided by Ferdinand III. From the Middle Ages, it has provided access to the city of Ourense for trade and pilgrimage. The structure was rebuilt in 1230 by Bishop Lorenzo on Roman foundations (original piers), and repaired in 1449 by Bishop Pedro de Silva. It then measured long, with an arch span of . However, the main arch collapsed in 1499 and the bridge was rebuilt in 1679 to a length of with seven arched spans, the main span measuring . The height of the bridge above the water level is . |