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= = = Mediated communication = = = |
Mediated communication or mediated interaction (less often, mediated discourse) refers to communication carried out by the use of information communication technology and can be contrasted to face-to-face communication. While nowadays the technology we use is often related to computers, giving rise to the popular term computer-mediated communication, mediated technology need not be computerized as writing a letter using a pen and a piece of paper is also using mediated communication. Thus, Davis defines mediated communication as the use of any technical medium for transmission across time and space. |
Historically, mediated communication was much rarer than the face-to-face method. Even though humans possessed the technology to communicate in space and time for millennia, the majority of the world's population lacked skills such as literacy to use them. This began to change in Europe with the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg that led to the spread of printed texts and rising literacy from the 15th century. Separately, the first print culture was Chinese in origin. Whatever the tradition, face-to-face interaction has begun to steadily lose ground to mediated communication. |
Compared to face-to-face communication, mediated communication engages fewer senses, transmits fewer symbolic cues (most mediated communication does not transmit facial expressions) and is seen as more private. Parties usually require some technical expertise to operate the mediating technologies. New computerized media, such as mobile telephones or instant messaging, allow mediated communication to transmit more oral and nonverbal symbols than the older generation of tools. |
The type of mediated technology used can also influence its meaning. This is most famously rendered in Marshall McLuhan's maxim "the medium is the message". |
Lundby (2009) distinguished between three forms of mediated communication: mediated interpersonal communication, interactive communication, and mass communication. Thompson (1995), however, treated mass communication not as a part of mediated communication, but on par with mediated and face-to-face communication, terming it "mediated quasi-interaction". |
There are only a few ways that mediated communication and face-to-face communication function similarly. One of them is that interpersonal coordination is present in both face-to-face and mediated communication. However, mediated communication has vast differences and limitations compared with face-to-face communication. Writing in communication media and speech in face-to-face communication are different in terms of their lexical density, range of grammatical structures, varied connectivity between sentences, syntax, permanence, etc. These differences in each type of communication can change the message. Texting and e-mail, for example, contain combined forms of writing and speech, which is evident by slang and shorthand. Verbal (or textual) cues are used instead of nonverbal ones to convey the same messages. |
Individuals send more information at a time through computer media than any other form of communication, including face-to-face communication. This increased rate of information transfer allows abusive forms of communication like cyberbullying and phishing to occur. The disassociation and disinhibition associated with mediated communication can cause people who are being deceived to have trouble interpreting the reactions of the deceiver since information sent through media instead of face-to-face can lose or have change the nonverbal cues within it, and, with that, signs of deception. The decreased availability of these nonverbal cues increases disassociation and anonymity. It is easier to trust someone else through mediated communication, but people with less trust can detect deception better online. |
Because of the limitations of mediated communication, Nardi and Whittaker (2002) note, "Many theorists imply that face-to-face communication is the gold standard of communication." Mediated communication has been, however, described as preferable in some situations, particularly where time and geographical distance are an issue. For example, in maintaining long-distance friendship, face-to-face communication was only the fourth most common way of maintaining ties, after mediated communication tools of telephone, email and instant messaging. |
Individuals will use different types of media depending on their motivations, communication purpose, institutional factors, and situational factors. Also, people will be more inclined to use a particular medium of communication if others associated with them use that medium; this is called the network effect. Motivations for using certain media are divided into strong- and weak-tie communication. There are five communication purposes: coordination, knowledge-sharing, information gathering, relationship development, and conflict resolution. Institutional factors include the physical structure of work units, social structure, and incentives. Situational factors include task characteristics, message content, and urgency. |
Mediated communication is not as commonly used as face-to-face communication in the workplace, but there are different preferred media of communication for simple forms of coordination. E-mails and phone calls tend to be used for simple or complex coordination, but e-mails are also useful for retaining information and recording the exchange of information. In terms of communication solutions to certain situational factors, e-mails are used for recording the transfer of information and sending long, complex, and non-textual information, and phone calls and pagers are used for immediate communication. E-mails and phone calls are also used in knowledge sharing and information gathering. E-mails are rarely used to accomplish relationship goals, but they are used for conflict resolution. Individuals have a higher motivation to use cell-phone texting for weak-tie communication. The network effect has the most impact on e-mail, meaning that people tend to use e-mail more if their peers use it, too. |
Email |
Electronic mail is digital mechanism for exchanging messages through internet or intranet communication platforms. The first message that was sent through a computer was on October 29, 1969. Raymond Tomlinson is known as the father of email, he was the first person who sent a message electronically. Email messages consist of three different components: message envelope, message header, and message body. There are also multiple benefits to using email. It is easy to use, free of charge, fast, and delivers information in a digital format. Email is one of the earliest and most basic resources on the internet and those many computers may not be able to access other internet services they are still usually able to exchange emails with machines on the internet. There are many reasons why using email is more suitable when it comes to the workforce. the first reason is because it is faster than a conventional mail so that usually reaches its destination and minutes even when it's sent from different countries. Another reason why an email is more conventional is because of the fact that there is less physical efforts .while using email you don't have to worry about buying stamps or envelopes or taking a trip to the post office. Also the use of email helps in the financial state because once you have gotten the hardware and software together it is basically free from there on. Email messaging also helps when having to send the same message to multiple people because of the fact that it allows you to send the same information simultaneously. |
Text message |
A text message is defined as a short message sent electronically usually from one cellphone to another. The first text message was sent in December 3, 1992. The engineer that discovered text messaging was named Matti Makkonen. Along with the development of text messaging came a new development of dialogue when texting. As I stated in while texting people tend to exaggerate how they usually talk. An example of this or shown in blank where somebody may state that "this homework is so hard I'm going to kill myself!!" This dialogue is normal and texting but not entirely appropriate and other scenarios. Another thing that texting changed was a person's grammar or writing style. In it showed that 75% of friends noted that their best friends grammar or writing styles. Though only 25% of acquaintances noticed that their friends grammar or writing styles had changed. The evolution of texting is evolving and its uses it is not only being used to communicate with friends and family but it is also spreading to the workforce. According to in Zambia they are finding the results of HIV testing faster due to mobile phone texting. The turnaround time for results notifying went from health facilities reporting the results in 44.2 days pre-implementation to 26.7 days post inflammation due to texting. They developed a customized software built to deliver the test results automatically and directly from the processing laboratory to the health facilities of sample origin via short text message service text. |
= = = Ubach (surname) = = = |
Ubach is a surname. Notable people of the surname include the following: |
= = = The Escape to Nice = = = |
The Escape to Nice () is a 1932 German comedy crime film directed by James Bauer and starring Fritz Fischer, Georg Alexander and Else Elster. The film is based on the novel "Orje Lehmann wird Detektiv" by Dolly Bruck (Hans Mahner-Mons). It premiered on 14 June 1932. |
= = = Lukas Burkhart = = = |
Lukas Burkhart (born 27 April 1991 in Luzern) is a professional squash player who represents Switzerland. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 167 in June 2013. |
= = = Give It to Me (album) = = = |
Give It to Me is the second and final studio album by South Korean girl group Sistar. The album was released on June 11, 2013 by Starship Entertainment and distributed by LOEN Entertainment, with the song of the same title used as the promotional song. The album contains 11 songs. |
Starship Entertainment announced on May 16, 2013 that Sistar will return mid-June, with another confirmation on June 2 stating that they will be making their comeback with a second full album. |
On June 3, 2013, teaser photos featuring members Dasom and Bora were released. On June 4, Sistar release photo teasers of all the members for "Give It to Me" and revealed that they will have a Moulin Rouge theme. A video teaser for "Give It to Me" was released on June 6. |
On June 11, 2013 Sistar released the full album as well as the music video for "Give It to Me". |
Sistar performed at their showcase songs like "Give It to Me", "Hey You", "Miss Sistar" and "Crying". |
Promotions for the album started on June 13, in Mnet's "M! Countdown". The girls also promoted on KBS's "Music Bank", MBC's "Music Core" and SBS's "Inkigayo". The songs "Hey You" and "Miss Sistar" ware chosen to be part of their comeback. |
The band released "The Way You Make Me Melt" as second single of the album. |
"Summer Time" was released as promotional single of the album and was promoted in various shows and was released in August 2013. |
"Crying" as the third single of the album and was released on September 2013. |
The fourth and ultimate single was released in October 2013 and was "Bad Boy". |
The second promotional single was released on November 2 and as "Hey You". |
The title track, "Give It to Me", peaked at number 1 on Gaon's singles chart and "Billboard"'s K-Pop Hot 100. |
"Give It to Me" also received numerous first place award in various music show broadcasts, Triple Crown in Mnet's "M! Countdown" (June 20, 27 and July 4) and in KBS "Music Bank" (June 21, 28 and July 5), Double crown in MBC "Music Core" (June 22 and 29) and in SBS "Inkigayo" (June 23 and 30) and a single win in MBC Music "Show Champion" (June 26). |
= = = 2007 APRA Silver Scroll Awards = = = |
The 2007 APRA Silver Scroll Awards were held on Tuesday 18 September 2007 at the Auckland Town Hall, celebrating excellence in New Zealand songwriting. The Silver Scroll Award was presented to Brooke Fraser for her song "Albertine", and singer Jordan Luck was inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame as its inaugural member. This was also the first year that the finalists and winners were selected by online votes by APRA members instead of an anonymous panel. |
The Silver Scroll Award celebrates outstanding achievement in songwriting of original New Zealand pop music. |
In July 2007 a top-20 long list was announced. The list was selected by a panel of judges, with APRA members voting on it to select the five finalists and winner. |
Brooke Fraser "Albertine" (Brooke Fraser) |
Greg Johnson and Ted Brown "Anyone Can Say Goodbye" (Greg Johnson) |
Sean Donnelly "Beautiful Haze" (SJD) |
Sean Cunningham, Ben Campbell and Beth Campbell "Crawl" (Atlas) |
Ruban Nielson "Crazy? Yes! Dumb? No!" (The Mint Chicks) |
Brooke Fraser "Deciphering Me" (Brooke Fraser) |
Neil Finn "Don't Stop Now" (Crowded House) |
Boh Runga "For a While" (Stellar) |
Miriam Clancy "Girl About Town" (Miriam Clancy) |
Hollie Smith and Jeremy Toy "I Will Do" (Hollie Smith) |
Sean Donnelly "I Will Not Let You Down" (Don McGlashan) |
Dann Hume and Jon Hume "Light Surrounding You" (Evermore) |
Jason Kerrison, Bobby Kennedy, Matt Treacy and Clinton Harris "Maybe" (Opshop) |
Redford Grenell, Devin Abrams, Nick Robinson, Sam Trevethick and Paora Apera "One" (Shapeshifter) |
Jeremy Toy, Julien Dyne, Lewis McCallum and Tyra Hammond "Rise Up (part 2)" (Opensouls) |
Liam Finn "Second Chance" (Liam Finn) |
Julia Deans, Andrew Bain and Simon Braxton "The Way To Breathe" (Fur Patrol) |
Victoria Girling-Butcher "This Soldier" (Lucid 3) |
Buzz Moller "We're So Lost" (Voom) |
Shayne Carter "What's A Few Tears To the Ocean" (Dimmer) |
Singer and songwriter Jordan Luck was inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame by Mike Chunn. Luck was the inaugural member of the newly formed Hall of Fame. |
Four other awards were presented at the Silver Scroll Awards: APRA Maioha Award (for excellence in contemporary Maori music), SOUNZ Contemporary Award (for creativity and inspiration in classical composition) and two awards acknowledging songs with the most radio and television play in New Zealand and overseas. |
Outside of the Silver Scroll Awards, APRA presented two genre awards in 2007. The APRA Best Pacific Song was presented at the Pacific Music Awards, the APRA Best Country Music Song was presented at the New Zealand Country Music Awards and the inaugural APRA Children’s Song of the Year and "What Now" Video of the Year were presented at StarFest. |
= = = Lekgotla Mosope = = = |
Lekgotla Mosope (born July 25, 1983 in Botswana) is a professional squash player who represents Botswana. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 132 in March 2010. |
= = = G. Mott Williams = = = |
Gershom Mott Williams (February 11, 1857 – April 14, 1923) was first Episcopalian bishop of Marquette. He was a church journalist, author, and translator. Williams graduated from Cornell University and received his Master's Degree and Doctor of Divinity from Hobart College. Although he passed the bar in 1879, Williams began an extensive career in the Episcopal clergy, having positions in Buffalo, Milwaukee, and Detroit before being made bishop. He was involved in many church commissions, include preparation and attendance at the Lambeth Conference of 1908. |
Williams was the grandson of John R. Williams, the first mayor of Detroit and a delegate to the convention by which Michigan acceded to the Constitution of the United States. His father, Thomas Williams, served as a Civil War general and died in the Battle of Baton Rouge (1862). Williams himself was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and served for four years as the chaplain to the state militia of Michigan. |
Williams, born February 11, 1857 at Fort Hamilton in Brooklyn, New York, was the son of Civil War General Thomas Williams and Mary Neosho Williams. His father died in the Battle of Baton Rouge in 1862. Gershom published his father's personal papers. His grandfather was John R. Williams, the first mayor of the city. Williams' great-grandfather, Thomas Williams, settled in Detroit in 1765 and the Williams family remained there from that time. Prior to Detroit, the Williams family had settled in Albany, New York in 1690. His paternal ancestors were Roman Catholics who at some point converted to the Episcopal Church. His mother was the daughter of Dr. Joseph Bailey, who served in the U.S. Army. Her Dutch ancestors were from the Hudson River Valley area and New England. Williams was a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. |
He had a brother, John R. Williams and sister Mary Josepha Williams. Josepha, was a physician and like her mother, Mary Neosho WIlliams, a significant landowner in Evergreen, Colorado. Josepha was married in 1896 to Canon Charles Winfred Douglas, |
Following his father's death in 1862, Williams lived in Newburgh, New York where he was confirmed by Rev. Horatio Potter. |
He attended private and public schools before attending and in 1871 graduation from the Newburgh Academy Williams had jobs as a timekeeper and bookkeeper before winning a two-year scholarship to Cornell University. During that time, from December 1874 to the spring of 1875, he traveled through Europe. He graduated from Cornell University in 1877. Williams received a Master's Degree in 1889 and a Doctor of Divinity in 1895 from Hobart College. He moved to Detroit in 1877 to work in a law office and settle his father's estate. |
On December 29, 1879, Williams was admitted to the bar in Michigan. He was ordained a deacon by Bishop Harris in 1880 and served at St. John's in Detroit. Then, until 1884, he was rector at the Church of the Messiah. After that, he continued to serve as a rector at St. George's until 1889. During this time he was a church journalist and in charge of the African-American church, St. Matthew's. He had positions at St. Paul's in Buffalo and All Saint's in Milwaukee before becoming administrator and archdeacon in the Episcopal Diocese of Northern Michigan in 1891. Williams was elected first bishop of Marquette on November 14, 1895 and consecrated May 1, 1896. |
He was on the commission appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury in pursuance of resolution 74 of the Lambeth Conference of 1908 on the relation of the Anglican Communion to the Church of Sweden. Williams traveled to Sweden in 1920 in advance of the Lambeth Conference to ascertain Scandinavian Church relations |
Williams was deputy of the General Conventions twice. He sat on the commission and was Bishop-in-Charge of the American Churches in Europe, officiating at the service dedicating the Church of the Holy Trinity in Paris as the Episcopal cathedral in Europe in 1923. He also sat on commissions to revise the hymnal and to create a Swedish version of the Prayer Book. Williams translated the Common Prayer Book from English to Swedish. |
Williams resigned October 1919 due to a long-standing illness. |
Williams played a key role in Michigan's statehood as the president of the Constitutional Convention of Assent. Williams organized and was the state's first Major-General of the Michigan state troops. He was chaplain to the Fourth Regiment (Detroit) of the Michigan state troops for four years, beginning December 18, 1883. He was a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. |
Williams married Eliza (Lily) Biddle of Detroit in 1879. She descended from the Biddle family of Philadelphia. Her father was William S. Biddle of Grosse Ile, Michigan and she was granddaughter of John Biddle, an early mayor of Detroit and Congressman. Her mother was Susan D. Ogden and her maternal grandfather was Judge Elias B. D. Ogden of the Supreme Court of New Jersey. Lily was sister to Dr. Andrew P. Biddle, General John Biddle, and First Lieutenant William S. Biddle, Jr. |
The couple had seven children: Susan, Thomas Victor, Dayton Ogden, Cecil, Rhoda, John, and Mary Josepha Williams. He died April 14, 1923 in Paris, France. |
= = = MG Srinivas = = = |
MG Srinivas (Bangalore) is an Indian film actor, director and screenwriter in Kannada cinema. |
His second short film Simply Kailawesome won the Platinum Remi Award during the 44th Houston Film Festival in 2011. This led to his first feature film in Kannada language, Topiwala, with Upendra in the lead. |
He was educated at Bangalore's Presidency School. After completing his graduation and acquiring his BSc degree from Seshadripuram College he commenced his career as a dance choreographer and successfully completed couple of stage performances. Later in 2007, he joined RedFM as a professional Radio jockey. During this period, he was in charge of a popular prime time show titled 'Blade Raja' which was aired in the morning. The show was a Super-hit and he hosted it for three consecutive years before moving to the film industry. |