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Using the Batavia Institute as the basis for its proposal, Batavia submitted a bid for the Illinois normal school in 1857. A normal school or teachers college is an educational institution for training teachers. Its purpose is to establish teaching standards or norms, hence its name. The State of Illinois passed an act to establish a normal school on 18 February 1857—the second west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
Bids were opened by the State Board of Education in Peoria on 7 May 1857. The first proposition on the agenda was from Batavia, which offered a subscription of $15,000, with the land and building belonging to the Batavia Institute, valued at $30,000, making $45,000 in all. Washington, in Tazewell County, Bloomington, and Peoria submitted proposals, as well. After considerable discussion, a resolution was adopted locating the new university at Bloomington—actually north of town at the village of North Bloomington, which was renamed Normal in 1865, for the school. Illinois State University celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2007. |
The building and grounds of the Batavia Institute were sold in 1867 to Dr. Richard J. Patterson, who, as proprietor and medical superintendent, operated it as a private rest home and sanitarium for women, called Bellevue Place. The sanitarium operated until July 1965. The most notable patient was Mary Todd Lincoln, widow of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was a patient for several months in the summer of 1875. |
In the 1960s, the building was converted to a residential facility for unwed mothers called the Fox Hill Home. The Fox Hill Home operated into the 1970s when the building fell into disrepair. |
In the middle of the 1980s, the building was once again named Bellevue Place and converted into apartments. |
The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Place on 13 August 1976. |
= = = Spatz = = = |
Spatz is a children's comedy series that ran on Children's ITV during the 1990s, produced by Thames Television and created by Andrew Bethell. The show originally ran from 21 February 1990 to 10 April 1992. The show centred on a fast food restaurant situated in a fictional shopping mall in Cricklewood, London. It was operated by two Canadians, Karen Hansson (Jennifer Calvert), Spatz International's European Co-ordinator, and Thomas "TJ" Strickland ( Paul Michael ), the restaurant's manager. Vas Blackwood, Stephanie Charles, Jonathan Copestake, Sue Devaney, Joe Greco, Katy Murphy, Ling Tai and Samantha Womack appeared as Spatz restaurant employees. Guest stars included David Harewood, Rhys Ifans, Gary Lineker, Danny John-Jules and Nicholas Parsons. |
"Spatz" was devised by Andrew Bethell as a drama for teenagers set in a 1930s themed burger bar, so named because spats might have been worn there. Alan Horrox at Thames Television bought the concept and title and passed them to Grant Cathro and Lee Pressman, already established at Thames Television as the writers of "T-Bag" and creators of "Mike and Angelo", to develop "Spatz" as a sitcom. While updating the setting to a standard fast food restaurant, the name "Spatz" was retained, with the writers noting that it suggested spats or disagreements. |
Series 1 of "Spatz" was a co-production between Thames Television and Canada's YTV. From Series 2 onwards, "Spatz" was produced solely by Thames Television. |
On 6 January 2013, an episode of "Spatz" from 1992 ("Tango", the third episode of Series 3) was repeated on CITV as part of its 30th anniversary. |
= = = Liouville's equation = = = |
In differential geometry, Liouville's equation, named after Joseph Liouville, is the nonlinear partial differential equation satisfied by the conformal factor of a metric on a surface of constant Gaussian curvature : |
where is the flat Laplace operator |
Liouville's equation appears in the study of isothermal coordinates in differential geometry: the independent variables are the coordinates, while can be described as the conformal factor with respect to the flat metric. Occasionally it is the square that is referred to as the conformal factor, instead of itself. |
Liouville's equation was also taken as an example by David Hilbert in the formulation of his nineteenth problem. |
By using the change of variables , another commonly found form of Liouville's equation is obtained: |
Other two forms of the equation, commonly found in the literature, are obtained by using the slight variant of the previous change of variables and Wirtinger calculus: |
Note that it is exactly in the first one of the preceding two forms that Liouville's equation was cited by David Hilbert in the formulation of his nineteenth problem. |
In a more invariant fashion, the equation can be written in terms of the "intrinsic" Laplace–Beltrami operator |
as follows: |
Liouville's equation is a consequence of the Gauss–Codazzi equations when the metric is written in isothermal coordinates. |
In a simply connected domain , the general solution of Liouville's equation can be found by using Wirtinger calculus. Its form is given by |
where is any meromorphic function such that |
Liouville's equation can be used to prove the following classification results for surfaces: |
. A surface in the Euclidean 3-space with metric , and with constant scalar curvature is locally isometric to: |
= = = Kenkō Satoshi = = = |
Kenkō Satoshi (剣晃 敏志, 27 June 1967 – 10 March 1998) was a sumo wrestler from Osaka, Japan. His highest rank was "komusubi." |
Debuting in November 1984, he reached the second highest "jūryō" division in March 1991. His first tournament in the top "makuuchi" division was in July 1992. Scoring only three wins there he fell back to "jūryō", but reappeared in "makuuchi" in March 1993. He reached his highest rank of "komusubi" in May 1995. He fell back to "maegashira" 4 in July but turned in a strong 11-4 record, defeating "yokozuna" Akebono and returning to "komusubi" in September 1995. He also defeated "yokozuna" Takanohana in May 1996, the only wrestler to do so in that tournament. |
In May 1997 Kenkō managed an 8-7 record at "maegashira" 11, but that was to be the last tournament in which he competed. He was hospitalised from July 1997, suffering from pancytopenia caused by an extremely rare form of leukemia (only four previous cases had ever been reported in Japan). His name remained on the ranking sheets, but unable to compete he had dropped to "makushita" 55 by March 1998. He died on 10 March, from a pulmonary embolism. |
Kenkō favoured techniques involving grabbing the opponent's "mawashi", or "yotsu-sumo". His favourite grip was "hidari-yotsu", with his right hand outside and left hand inside his opponent's arms. His most common winning "kimarite" was "yorikiri", a straightforward force out, followed by "uwatenage" (overarm throw) and "yoritaoshi" (force out and down). |
= = = Marcel Simon (historian) = = = |
Marcel Simon (10 April 1907 in Strasbourg – 26 October 1986) was a French specialist in the history of religions, particularly relations between Christianity and Judaism in antiquity. Simon received an honorary doctorate by the Faculty of Theology at Uppsala University in 1980. |
His major work, "Verus Israel", was published in 1948; it has been described as 'seminal'. |
He was closely associated with Henri Marrou, appreciating his layman's approach to Vatican II. |
= = = Ella Smith (actress) = = = |
Ella Smith (born 6 June 1983) is an English actress. She trained at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art and is a former member of the National Youth Theatre. She attended junior Guildhall School of Music and Drama courses and the National Youth Choir and originally harboured ambitions of becoming an opera singer. |
While at drama school, Smith was a winner of the Carleton Hobbs Award and has since performed in more than fifteen BBC radio productions. |
Smith made her television debut in a 2006 episode of BBC hospital drama "Holby City". She subsequently appeared in ITV drama "Strictly Confidential", alongside Suranne Jones, in one episode as the character Tanya Melton. |
Smith made her stage debut in the 2006 play "The Pocket Orchestra" at the Trafalgar Studios in London. She returned to the same venue in 2008 to play the title character in the UK premiere of Neil LaBute's "Fat Pig". |
In 2007, she was in Channel 4's "Cape Wrath", in which she played the regular role of Jezebel Ogilvie, the daughter of Brenda Ogilvie (Melanie Hill). She also starred in ITV's series "Sold" as Phoebe. |
In 2009, she appeared in the film "", and in 2010, the film "Womb" and BBC TV's series "Mistresses" as Trudi's receptionist Steph. In 2011 she played various roles in Danny Boyle's critically acclaimed production of Nick Dear's Frankenstein at the National Theatre starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Jonny Lee Miller. |
In 2015 she played the role of Mia in the "Channel 4" series "Babylon". After a successful Kickstarter campaign, in 2016 Smith's short film "Mdudu Boy" premiered, featuring Kenyan soccer hero Victor Wanyama. |
= = = Casual Living = = = |
Casual Living () is a trade publication and website owned by Progressive Business Media serving the information needs of retailers that sell outdoor furnishings and accessories as well as manufacturers and suppliers to the industry. |
"Casual Living" was started in 1958. The magazine is published monthly with content including industry lifestyle features, business analysis and product trend information. Other articles in the magazine include reviews of furniture markets, profiles of successful retailers and manufacturers and guest columnists. |
The editorial director is Vicky Jarrett and the editorial office is located in Greensboro, North Carolina. |
As of October 2011, total circulation exceeds 19,000 subscribers. |
Former owner Reed Business Information sold "Casual Living" to Sandow Media, the publisher of "Worth" magazine in 2010. Progressive Business Media purchased the magazine, along with its sister publications, in 2013. In 2018, BridgeTower Media acquired Progressive. |
= = = Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivführer = = = |
The Gewerkschaft Deutscher Lokomotivführer (GDL, engl.: "German Train Drivers' Union") is a German trade union that represents workers in train companies. It has a membership of 34,000. |
In August 2007 the GDL planned to strike after talks failed with Deutsche Bahn, the main German railway operator, over a range of demands from the union. A key disagreement was GDL's wish to represent its members in collective bargaining processes, independently of other unions representing staff in that job category. |
On 8 August 2007, the labour court in Nuremberg declared that a strike of affected long-distance and goods services would be illegal if carried out before 30 September, claiming it would affect the national economy too severely. |
On 2 November 2007, the labour court in Chemnitz overturned a previous judgement limiting strike action to short-haul routes. After the decision the GDL declared a three-day strike. It was the first national rail strike since 1992 and of unprecedented duration. The strike ended as the union had planned, at 2:00 a.m. CET on the morning of Saturday, November 17, 2007, but without a new contract. |
On 19 November 2007 the labour court in Nuremberg admonished Deutsche Bahn for its practice of contacting multiple labour courts around the country to try and obtain an injunction against strike action, which it regarded as misuse of the legal system. |
In 2014 the GDL started a series of strikes of the German railway system as a result of Deutsche Bahn declining its demands for a shorter working week (reduced from 39 hours to 37 hours), for a 5% pay increase and for the right to independently represent 17,000 railway workers not working as engine drivers in collective bargaining processes. Deutsche Bahn maintained that it would only enter collective bargaining with a single trade union per job grouping, as was the case until June 2014 when GDL had an agreement with the much larger EVG union. |
The strikes continued in 2015 with a three-day railway strike starting on 21 April 2015, the GDL's seventh strike in 10 months. This was followed by a strike from 4–10 May, the longest strike in Deutsche Bahn's history. A further strike started on 19 May 2015 and finished on 21 May as the GDL and Deutsche Bahn agreed to allow arbitration to resolve the conflict. |
= = = Engleside Christian School = = = |
Engleside Christian School is a private pre-kindergarten through 6th grade Christian school in Alexandria, Virginia. It is Baptist by affiliation and a member of the Old Dominion Association of Christian Schools, a chapter of the AACS. |
Engleside Christian School (ECS) offers its students dedicated Christian teachers and favorable teacher to student ratios. ECS uses a phonics based reading program and advanced curriculum with technology integration, but provides a well-rounded experience with quality music programs and various service opportunities. There are daily Bible classes as well as a weekly chapel program. As a religious program, ECS and its various programs are exempt from state licensure. |
= = = Daishōhō Masami = = = |
Daishōhō Masami (7 May 1967 – 4 December 1999) was a sumo wrestler from Hokkaidō, Japan. His highest rank was "komusubi." |
Born in Sapporo, he took up skiing as a young boy, as he came from an area famous for its ski slopes. He also played basketball at school. However his father was an amateur sumo enthusiast and encouraged his son to try the sport. In his third year of junior high he took part in the National Junior High School Sumo Championships, held in Tokyo, and was put up in Tatsunami stable during the championships. Daishoho was an amateur sumo champion at Nihon University, and after graduation he returned to Tatsunami stable. He entered professional sumo in January 1990 at the "makushita" level, and quickly reached the top "makuuchi" division in July 1991. His best performance in a tournament was in September 1992 when he was runner-up to Takahanada with 11 wins. He reached his highest rank of "komusubi" in January 1993, but after that he was plagued by a number of injuries to his knees, back and triceps. He fell back to the "jūryō" division after pulling out of the January 1997 tournament on the 4th day. |
In 1999 Daishoho was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He wanted to receive treatment whilst still remaining active on the "dohyo", but in June he was persuaded by his doctors to enter hospital full-time and so retired from sumo. Since it was clear that he would be unlikely to live long enough to have a formal retirement ceremony ("danpatsu-shiki") at the Ryogoku Kokugikan, which normally takes place up to a year after retiring, in October 1999 his fellow wrestler and graduate of Nihon University Mainoumi organised a private function for him which was attended by around 400 people including wrestlers such as Konishiki and Musashimaru and his former stablemaster Haguroyama, although senior members of the Sumo Association and his former coach at Nihon University Hidetoshi Tanaka did not attend as it was an unsanctioned event. Daishoho's weight had dropped from 150 kg to below 90 kg. He died on December 4, 1999 at the age of 32 due to pancreatic cancer. |
Daishoho liked pushing techniques, particularly "tsuppari", a series of rapid thrusts to the chest. However, he was also good at fighting on the "mawashi" or belt, where he preferred a "migi-yotsu" grip, a left hand outside and right hand inside position. His most commonly used "kimarite" were "yorikiri" (force out), "oshidashi" (push out) and "uwatenage" (overarm throw). |
= = = Krystyna Hołuj-Radzikowska = = = |
Krystyna Hołuj-Radzikowska (5 February 1931 – 29 November 2006) was a Polish chess player. She was awarded the titles Woman International Master (WIM) in 1955 and Woman Grandmaster (WGM) in 1984 by FIDE. Born in Lviv, she was nine-time Polish women's champion (1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1966, and 1969). |
Hołuj-Radzikowska tied for 15–16th places at the Moscow 1955 Women's Candidates Tournament, which was won by Olga Rubtsova. She tied for 7–8th at the Ohrid 1971 Candidates Tournament, won by Nana Alexandria. |
She played for Poland five times in the Women's Chess Olympiad: |
Hołuj-Radzikowska won the individual gold medal on board one in Emmen 1957. |
An chess tournament in her memory has been held annually since 2011 in Wrocław, Poland. |
= = = Mark Major = = = |
Mark Major (born March 20, 1970 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He was drafted 25th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the National Hockey League's 1988 entry draft. Major acquired many penalty minutes over his career due to his playing style, which involved battling in front of the net for loose pucks, scoring garbage goals, and blocking the goaltenders view. Major only played in two NHL games, for the Detroit Red Wings. He also enjoyed a short career as a professional roller hockey player in Roller Hockey International (RHI). Taking into account all of his hockey games played at a professional level, Major played in 1,339 games and acquired 4,334 penalty minutes, giving Major an average of 3.24 penalty minutes per game during his career. After 4 seasons and 2 Championships as Head Coach of the Amherstview Jets Junior A team, Major is taking a year off to help coach his daughter's Kingston Ice Wolves' Peewee AA team. |
Major started receiving attention from NHL scouts while playing for the Don Mills Flyers of the MTHL in 1986. He advanced to the North Bay Centennials of the Ontario Hockey League for the 1987–88 season and put up 33 points in 57 games to go along with a whopping 272 penalty minutes (PIM). Major averaged almost 5 penalty minutes a game, but his hard-nosed style was admired by NHL scouts and Major was selected 25th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1988 NHL Draft. Now as an NHL prospect, Major gained confidence and began the 1988–89 season again with the Centennials before being traded 11 games in to the Kingston Raiders. He would remain in Kingston for that season and the next (when they were renamed the Kingston Frontenacs), scoring 112 points and 361 PIMs, before moving up to the Muskegon Lumberjacks of the International Hockey League. Major remained with the Lumberjacks for three seasons, scoring 77 points and 617 PIMs. He led the team in penalties during the 1991–92 season with 302 and would add another 29 PIMs in the Lumberjacks' playoff run which saw them lose four games to none in the finals to the Kansas City Blades. After his last season with the Lumberjacks, that included a relocation to Cleveland, Major was let go by the parent club Pittsburgh and quickly signed as a free agent by the Boston Bruins on July 22, 1993. |
Major started play with Boston's affiliate the Providence Bruins of the American Hockey League. He scored 26 points along with 176 PIMs during the 1993–94 season, but Providence failed to make the playoffs. He was let go by the Bruins, and joined the Detroit Vipers of the IHL for the following season. He continued to play aggressively, with his 36 points and 229 PIMs helping push the Vipers into the playoffs, but his play couldn't help them past the second round. |
Major again caught the attention of an NHL team, when the Detroit Red Wings signed him as a free agent on June 26, 1995. He began play for the Adirondack Red Wings of the AHL in the 1995–96 season and scored 29 points while racking up 234 PIMs for second on the team. He was known as a player who wouldn't back down from a fight, and he was involved in several fights during Adirondack's short playoff run that season, receiving 21 PIMs in just three games. |