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Moeyaert painted many biblical and mythological scenes, and also designed Amsterdam's triumphal arch for the arrival of Maria de Medici. On 1 September 1638, he stood on the Spaarndammerdijk to watch the procession. |
Moeyaert was a very rich man and had three children, two mentally retarded and cared for in his own home. He had stakes in the business of Hendrick van Uylenburgh, a famous art dealer, related to Rembrandt's wife, Saskia van Uylenburgh. |
Moeyaert was for many years' commissioner of the Theatre of Van Campen, with Jan Vos. He lived until his death at a house on the Singel, not far from Torensluis. Nicolaes Berchem, Salomon Koninck, Jacob van der Does and Jan Baptist Weenix were his pupils. |
"This article is a translation from the Dutch Wikipedia". |
= = = Balaka (plant) = = = |
Balaka is a genus of 9 known species in the palm family, Arecaceae or Palmae. Seven species are native to the islands of Fiji and two to Samoa. The genus was first proposed and published in "Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg" 2: 91. 1885, from two species originally in the genus "Ptychosperma" ("P. perbrevis" and "P. seemannii"). |
Accepted species: |
= = = Verdun-sur-le-Doubs = = = |
Verdun-sur-le-Doubs is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France. |
It is located in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté at the confluence of the Doubs and the Saône in the Bresse plain, near Beaune and Chalon-sur-Saône. |
It is a very old settlement and played the role of fortified place at the French kingdom frontier during several centuries. |
Today Verdun-sur-le-Doubs is an agricultural and tourist center well known for fishing, river boating and good eating. The "pôchouse" is the local dish with different types of river fishes cooked with dry Burgundy white wine ("Bourgogne aligoté") and cream. |
In the Second World War Verdun-sur-le-Doubs was situated on the Demarcation Line. In 1995 sixteen communes, followed shortly by four others, were united to form the Community of Communes of the Trois Rivieres (CC3R). |
= = = Gus Voerg = = = |
August "Gus" Voerg (June 7, 1870 – April 21, 1944), also known as Gustav Voerg, was an American rower who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. |
In 1904 he was part of the American boat which won the bronze medal in the coxless four. |
= = = 7-demicubic honeycomb = = = |
The 7-demicubic honeycomb, or demihepteractic honeycomb is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 7-space. It is constructed as an alternation of the regular 7-cubic honeycomb. |
It is composed of two different types of facets. The 7-cubes become alternated into 7-demicubes h{4,3,3,3,3,3} and the alternated vertices create 7-orthoplex {3,3,3,3,3,4} facets. |
The vertex arrangement of the 7-demicubic honeycomb is the D lattice. The 84 vertices of the rectified 7-orthoplex vertex figure of the "7-demicubic honeycomb" reflect the kissing number 84 of this lattice. The best known is 126, from the E lattice and the 3 honeycomb. |
The D packing (also called D) can be constructed by the union of two "D lattices". The D packings form lattices only in even dimensions. The kissing number is 2=64 (2 for n<8, 240 for n=8, and 2n(n-1) for n>8). |
The D lattice (also called D and C) can be constructed by the union of all four 7-demicubic lattices: It is also the 7-dimensional body centered cubic, the union of two 7-cube honeycombs in dual positions. |
The kissing number of the D lattice is 14 ("2n" for n≥5) and its Voronoi tessellation is a quadritruncated 7-cubic honeycomb, , containing all with tritruncated 7-orthoplex, Voronoi cells. |
There are three uniform construction symmetries of this tessellation. Each symmetry can be represented by arrangements of different colors on the 128 7-demicube facets around each vertex. |
= = = Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy = = = |
Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy or Majjari Narasimha Reddy (24 November 1806 – 2 February 1847) was an Indian freedom fighter. Son of a former Telugu Palegaadu Mallareddy and Seethamma, Narasimha Reddy was born in Rupanagudi village, Uyyalawada Mandal, Kurnool district. He and his commander-in-chief "Vadde Obanna" were at the heart of the rebellion against British in 1846, where 5,000 peasants rose up against the British East India Company in Kurnool district, Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh. They were protesting against the changes introduced by the British to the traditional agrarian system in the first half of the nineteenth century. Which included the introduction of the ryotwari system and other attempts to maximize revenue through exploiting lower-status cultivators by depleting their crops and leaving them impoverished. |
The father of Narasimha Reddy was related to the Polygar (jagirdarr) family of Uyyalawada in Koilkuntla taluk who had married two daughters of the Polygar of Nossam. He had three sons, of whom Narasimha was the youngest. His first wife was Siddamma. |
The EIC's introduction to the Madras Presidency of the 1803 Permanent Settlement, which had first been enacted in Bengal Presidency ten years previously, replaced the agrarian socio-economic status quo with a more egalitarian arrangement where anyone could cultivate provided that they paid a fixed sum to the EIC for the privilege of doing so. |
The Polygars and other higher-status people who preferred the old agrarian system "represented the decadent social order", were in many cases "upstarts" and "were also the heirs of a social system in which various orders of Hindu society were integrated through ages". These people were dispossessed of their lands, which were then redistributed, but the primary purpose of the changes was to increase production rather than to restructure the social order. In some cases, it coincided with a punishment because among the dispossessed were those who had recently been involved in fighting the EIC in the Polygar Wars. Some received pensions in lieu of the lost lands but at inconsistent rates. |
The changes, which included the introduction of the ryotwari system and other attempts to maximise revenue, deprived village headmen and other higher-status people of their role as revenue collectors and position as landholders, while also impacting on lower-status cultivators by depleting their crops and leaving them impoverished. The population came to the view that the British were taking their wealth and that those who were dependent on the traditional system no longer had a means of making a living. As the old order collapsed into disarray, the once-authoritative Polygars, including Narasimha Reddy, became the focus of attention from sufferers, whose pleas fell on deaf British ears. The Polygars saw a chance to mobilize peasant opposition both for genuine social reasons. |
Narasimha Reddy's own objections too was based on their outcomes. Compared to the Polygar of Nossam, the pension awarded to his family upon their dispossession was paltry and the authorities refused to increase it by redistributing some of the Nossam monies when that latter family became extinct in 1821. At the same time, some of his relatives were facing proposals for further reductions in their land rights, including by a reform of the village policing system. |
Things came to a head 1846 when the British authorities assumed land rights previously held by various people who had died in the villages of Goodladurty, Koilkuntla and Nossum. Encouraged by the discontent of others, Reddy became the figurehead for an uprising. |
An armed group, initially comprising those dispossessed of inam lands around Koilkuntla, was led by Reddy's Right-hand man Vadde Obanna in July 1846. The Acting Collector for the area Lord Cochrane, believed that Reddy had material support from fellow pensioners in Hyderabad and Kurnool, whose land rights had also been appropriated. The group soon attracted support from the peasantry and was reported by British authorities to have rampaged in Koilkuntla, looting the treasury there and evading the police before killing several officers at Mittapally. They also plundered Rudravaram before moving to an area near to Almore, pursued by the British military forces who then surrounded them. |
A battle between Obanna's 5000-strong band and a much smaller British contingent then took place, with around 200 of the rebels being killed and others captured before they were able to break out in the direction of Kotakota, Giddalur where Reddy's family were situated. Having collected his family, he and the rest of the rebels moved into the Nallamala Hills. The British offered incentives for information regarding the rebels, who were again surrounded amidst reports that unrest was now growing in other villages of the area. In a further skirmish between the rebels and the British, who had sent for reinforcements, 40–50 rebels were killed and 90 were captured, including Reddy. Although there was no evidence of Obanna's capture, he most possibly was also a captive along with his leader. |
Warrants were issued for the arrest of nearly 1,000 of the rebels, of which 412 were released without charge. A further 273 were bailed and 112 were convicted. Reddy, too, was convicted and in his case received the death penalty. On 22 February 1847, he was executed in Koilkuntla in front of a silent crowd of over 2000 people. |
British kept his head on the fort wall in public view until 1877. The East India Company reported in their district manual of 1886 that |
The Renati Surya Chandrula Smaraka Samithi was formed to preserve the memory of Reddy and the philanthropist Budda Vengal Reddy, both of whom were born in Uyyalawada village. The committee published a book in both Telugu and English, titled "Renati Surya Chandrulu" ("The Sun and Moon of Renadu"), in 2015. It contains excerpts from research papers by historians. |
A movie based on Narasimha Reddy's inspiring life, "Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy" directed by Surender Reddy and starring Chiranjeevi was released in the Telugu film industry on 2 October 2019. He was referred as a dacoit by British as he was helping people |
= = = Binetti = = = |
Binetti is a surname. Notable people with this surname include: |
= = = Valea Cheii (Dâmbovița) = = = |
The Valea Cheii (also: "Cheia", in its upper course also: "Rudărița") is a left tributary of the river Dâmbovița in Romania. Its source is in the Leaota Mountains. It flows into the Dâmbovița downstream from Podu Dâmboviței. Its length is and its basin size is . |
The following rivers are tributaries to the river Valea Cheii (from source to mouth): |
= = = 7-cubic honeycomb = = = |
The 7-cubic honeycomb or hepteractic honeycomb is the only regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 7-space. |
It is analogous to the square tiling of the plane and to the cubic honeycomb of 3-space. |
There are many different Wythoff constructions of this honeycomb. The most symmetric form is regular, with Schläfli symbol {4,3,4}. Another form has two alternating 7-cube facets (like a checkerboard) with Schläfli symbol {4,3,3}. The lowest symmetry Wythoff construction has 128 types of facets around each vertex and a prismatic product Schläfli symbol {∞}. |
The [4,3,4], , Coxeter group generates 255 permutations of uniform tessellations, 135 with unique symmetry and 134 with unique geometry. The expanded 7-cubic honeycomb is geometrically identical to the 7-cubic honeycomb. |
The "7-cubic honeycomb" can be alternated into the 7-demicubic honeycomb, replacing the 7-cubes with 7-demicubes, and the alternated gaps are filled by 7-orthoplex facets. |
A quadritruncated 7-cubic honeycomb, , contains all tritruncated 7-orthoplex facets and is the Voronoi tessellation of the D lattice. Facets can be identically colored from a doubled formula_1×2, <nowiki></nowiki>4,3,4 symmetry, alternately colored from formula_1, [4,3,4] symmetry, three colors from formula_3, [4,3,3] symmetry, and 4 colors from formula_4, [3,3,3] symmetry. |
= = = John Freitag = = = |
John W. Freitag (May 3, 1877 – October 20, 1932) was an American rower who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. |
He was born in Columbia, Illinois in 1877 and died in St. Louis, Missouri in 1932. In 1904 he was part of the American boat that won the bronze medal in the coxless four. |
= = = Batavia Depot Museum = = = |
The Batavia Depot Museum is a museum in Batavia, Illinois that was once the town's primary train station. It was the first of many depots built by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad Depot. |
The Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q) was established in the 1850s to rival the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad (C&GU). The new railroad was constructed due to growing concern that the cities of Batavia and Aurora would have an economic downfall since the C&GU bypassed both settlements. The railroad station in Batavia was the first constructed by the CB&Q, and as such, the company took extra care to make it stand out architecturally. |
The wood structure stands two stories tall with red, vertical panels. Originally , a four-room extension was added to the ground floor in 1868. The main structure has a gable roof with Gothic brackets while the extension has a flat roof. The station was later abandoned by the CB&Q, who preferred to maintain only a direct route through Aurora. The station was moved to its current location in 1973 in an effort to preserve it. Renovations were made to restore the building to its 1919 appearance (which was likely very similar to the original). The building was placed on a new cinder block foundation. The new lot also had a basement for a furnace to keep the building open during the winter. The Fox River now lies to the building's east. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 6, 1979. |
= = = London Underground mosquito = = = |
The London Underground mosquito is a form of mosquito in the genus "Culex". It is found in the London Underground railway system as its name suggests, but has a worldwide distribution and long predates the existence of the London Underground. It was first described as a distinct species from Egyptian specimens by the biologist Peter Forsskål (1732–1763). He named this mosquito "Culex molestus" due to its voracious biting, but later biologists renamed it "Culex pipiens" f. "molestus" because there were no morphological differences between it and "Culex pipiens". Notably, this mosquito assaulted Londoners sleeping in the Underground during the Blitz, although similar populations were long known. |
A study from 2004 analyzing DNA microsatellites suggested that "Culex molestus" is likely a distinct species from "Culex pipiens". However, a more recent paper from 2012 argues that it is more accurately 'a physiological and ecological variant of "Cx. pipiens" ' and should not be considered a distinct species. |
This mosquito, although first discovered in Egypt in the late 18th century, has been found in underground systems around the world. Some authors suggested that it adapted to human-made underground systems since the last century from local above-ground "Culex pipiens", but the more recent evidence suggests it is a southern mosquito variety related to "C. pipiens" that has adapted to the warm underground spaces of northern cities. |
Behavioral evidence for this mosquito being a different species from "C. pipiens" comes from research by Kate Byrne and Richard Nichols. The species have very different behaviours, are extremely difficult to mate, and with different allele frequencies consistent with genetic drift during a founder event. More specifically, this mosquito, "C. molestus", breeds all-year round, is cold intolerant, and bites rats, mice, and humans, in contrast to the above-ground species, which is cold tolerant, hibernates in the winter, and is considered to mostly feed on bird hosts. When the two varieties were crossbred, the eggs were infertile, suggesting reproductive isolation. |
Genetic data indicate the "molestus" form in the London Underground appear to have a common ancestry, rather than the population at each station being related to the nearest above-ground population. Byrne and Nichols' working hypothesis was that adaptation to the underground environment had occurred locally in London once only – many hurdles must be overcome to become adapted to the subterranean environment, and understandably it would occur rarely. This hypothesis implies that local adaptation would be expected in different locations around Europe and beyond, as each local population evolved an offshoot that overcame the problems of living underground. |
However, more recently collected genetic evidence reported by Fonseca and others suggests a single "C. molestus" form has spread throughout Europe and beyond, since populations over a large area share a common genetic heritage. These widely separated populations are distinguished by very minor genetic differences, which suggest the underground form developed recently; a single mtDNA difference is shared among the underground populations of 10 Russian cities, and a single fixed microsatellite difference occurs in populations spanning Europe, Japan, Australia, the Middle East, and the Atlantic islands. This worldwide spread might have occurred after the last glaciations or may be even more recent, due to the insects hitchhiking on world trade routes; one possibility is the international secondhand tire trade. The tires retain water in which the larvae can survive, and completely removing water from an old tire can be difficult. |
Now, the persistence of hybrids in northern climates apparently may be another evolutionary problem that can be solved, but only rarely: the Fonseca paper obtained genetic evidence that the recent colonization of America by "Culex" mosquitoes actually involves a strain derived from a rare successful hybridization between "C. pipiens" and "C. molestus". They suggest hybridization may explain why the American form bites both birds and humans (this interpretation is controversial, see letter from Spielman "et al." and the response that follows it in "Science"). The consequences of this more indiscriminate feeding hit the news in 1999 with the outbreak of human encephalitis in New York, caused by West Nile virus. It was the first documented introduction of this virus into the Western Hemisphere; perhaps because in the longer established populations, the Old World northern above-ground "C. pipiens" almost exclusively bites birds, with the human-biting ones being incarcerated below ground. |
"Culex molestus" has been observed in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia. Its country of origin is thought to be Egypt, although it has likely spread via trade and colonial passages over the past centuries. |
In the summer of 2011, an invasion of "Culex molestus" appeared on the Upper West Side in the borough of Manhattan, New York City. The mosquito is well known for being commonly found in sewers of New York and thriving throughout the year feeding on humans. Residents of older brownstones found the mosquitoes coming from the underground into basements and then through air vents and other openings into their homes. The city government did not make this infestation of the pest a top priority because they tested negative for West Nile virus and because of the high cost of mosquito control. |
In Australia, "Culex molestus" was first recorded in the 1940s, and has since spread across all southern states, causing a significant biting nuisance in urban areas. Unlike most Australian urban mosquitos, "molestus" is active through all 12 months of the year. Its introduction was likely through military movements into Melbourne during World War II, and genetic studies have indicated its most likely passage was from eastern Asia and Japan. It has also been identified as a potential vector for several Australian blood-borne diseases, such as Ross River virus. |
= = = Clemens von und zu Franckenstein = = = |
Clemens Erwein Heinrich Karl Bonaventura Freiherr von und zu Franckenstein (14 July 1875 – 19 August 1942) was a German opera composer, studying in Vienna, Austria, and later in Munich, Germany, with Ludwig Thuille and at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt with Iwan Knorr. After a visit to the USA he conducted the Moody-Manners Opera Company in England from 1902–1907, then worked at the court theatres of Wiesbaden and Berlin, until the court theaters were abolished after the First World War. He was general director of the Bayerische Staatsoper in Munich (1912–1918 and 1924–1934). He produced the Munich Opera Festival through 1934 when he was forced out by Nazi prohibitions. |
Franckenstein was born in Wiesentheid, Germany to Karl Freiherr von und zu Franckenstein (1831–1898) and Elma Gräfin von Schönborn-Wiesentheid (1841–1884). His brother was Austrian Ambassador to England, Georg von und zu Franckenstein (1878–1953). Georg's son, actor Clement von Franckenstein (1944–2019), was his nephew. |
Franckenstein died in Hechendorf am Pilsensee, Oberbayern, Germany at age 67. |
= = = Frank Dummerth = = = |
Frank Dummerth (January 6, 1871 – August 7, 1936) was an American rower who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics. |