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20460173

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayf%20al-Din%20Ghazi%20II

Sayf al-Din Ghazi II

Sayf al-Din Ghazi (II) ibn Mawdud (; full name: Sayf al-Din Ghazi II ibn Mawdud ibn Zengi; died 1180) was a Zangid Emir of Mosul, the nephew of Nur ad-Din Zengi. He became Emir of Mosul in 1170 after the death of his father Qutb ad-Din Mawdud. Saif had been chosen as the successor under the advice of eunuch ’Abd al-Masish, who wanted to keep the effective rule in lieu of the young emir; the disinherited son of Mawdud, Imad ad-Din Zengi II, fled to Aleppo at the court of Nur ad-Din. The latter, who was waiting for an excuse to annex Mosul, conquered Sinjar in September 1170 and besieged Mosul, which surrendered on 22 January 1171. After ousting al-Masish, he put Gümüshtekin, one of his officers, as governor, leaving Saif ud-Din nothing but the nominal title of emir. The latter also married the daughter of Nur ad-Din. At Nur ad-Din's death (May 1174), Gümüshtekin went to Damascus to take control of his son and entitled himself of atabeg of Aleppo. Saif ud-Din rejected his tutorage and restored his independence. The nobles of Damascus, worried by Gümüshtekin's increasing power, offered Saif ud-Din their city, but he could not intervene since he was busy in retaking Mosul. Thenceforth Damascus was given to Saladin. Saladin took control of Biladu-Sham (Syria) but Saif ud-Din wanted to take over Aleppo, so he sent his brother Izz ad-Din Mas'ud at the head of an army to fight Saladin: they met in an area near Hama called Kron Hama (Arabic: قرون حماه) where Saif ud-Din was defeated. Later he prepared for another battle at Tell al-Sultan (Arabic: تل سلطان) near Aleppo, where he was also defeated; he went back to Mosul and sent messengers to Saladin offering his alliance, which was accepted. Saif ud-Din died from tuberculosis, and his brother Izz ad-Din Mas'ud succeeded him in 1180. References Sources 1180 deaths Zengid emirs of Mosul Muslims of the Crusades 12th-century deaths from tuberculosis Year of birth unknown 12th-century monarchs in the Middle East Tuberculosis deaths in Iraq

20460199

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Bhavani%20Project%20Canal

Lower Bhavani Project Canal

Lower Bhavani Project Canal is a long irrigation canal which runs in Erode district in Tamil Nadu, India. The canal is a valley-side contour canal, fed by Bhavanisagar Dam and irrigates 2.07 lakh hectares of land. The main canal feeds Thadapalli and Arakkankottai channels which irrigate the cultivable lands. The canal was the brainchild M.A Eswaran, member of the legislative assembly of the Erode constituency in the early 1950s. References See also Kalingarayan Canal Erode district Canals in Tamil Nadu Gobichettipalayam Bhavani River

20460204

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayanhat%20Union

Narayanhat Union

Narayanhat Union () is a union of Bhujpur Thana of Chittagong District. Geography Area of Narayanhat : 14,800 acres (59.9 km2.)। Location North: Dantmara Union East: Manikchhari Upazila South: Bhujpur Union West: Sitakunda Mountain Range and Mirsarai Upzillah Population At the 1991 Bangladesh census, Narayanhat Union had a population of 23,370. Education Narayanhat Degree College. Narayanhat (Collegiate) High School. Narayanhat Senior Madrasha. Narayanhat (Chanpur) High School. Shatchora Govt Primary School. Narayanhat Govt. Primary School. Jujkhola Govt. Primary School. Mirzarhat High School. Mirzarhat Govt. Primary school. Mohanagor Reg. Primary School Sahtchora Hedaytul Islam Madrasha Marketplaces and bazaars Narayanhat and Mirzarhat is the main marketplace in the union. Shatchora bazar Villages and mouzas Chanpur, Dhamarkhil, Shouilkopa, s jujkhola,N Jujkhola, Hapania, Sundarpur. West Chandpur Shatchora. References Unions of Bhujpur Thana

20460215

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Albin%20Boniecki

Maria Albin Boniecki

Maria Albin Bończa-Boniecki (1908–1995) was a Polish artist. A survivor of the Nazi concentration camp Majdanek, he emigrated to the United States of America in 1957. Biography Early life Boniecki's father, a Polish patriot, was deported to Siberia when Boniecki was five. Boniecki's mother chose to follow with her children. The circumstances following the Russian Revolution produced an opportunity for Boniecki, his mother and his siblings to slip away. With much difficulty they found a way to Poland, arriving in 1921. Boniecki studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw, and graduated in 1929. He produced many sculptures before the war, notably Birth of Thought, presently held at the National Museum, Warsaw. He was awarded a permanent membership of Zachęta, the Polish Masters National Museum of Fine Arts. World War II After the war broke out, Boniecki joined the Polish underground resistance. In 1939 he worked as a volunteer medic, and from 1940 to 1942 took part in counterintelligence in Warsaw, Sub-district II under the pseudonym "Adam". He was arrested by the Gestapo in October 1942 and imprisoned and interrogated at the infamous Pawiak prison. Thence he was sent to Majdanek concentration camp. Despite being a subject of Nazi experiments and appalling conditions at the camp, Boniecki continued fashioning sculptures out of whatever he could find to encourage hope and endurance in his fellow prisoners, and in memory of those murdered. His heavily symbolic sculptures included: The Frog (fountain) The Tortoise The Three Eagles Mausoleum (also known as the Column of Three Eagles) The Seal with Fish The Lizard The Shrine When presented with an opportunity, Boniecki proposed a sculpture of three eagles to the camp officials, who accepted the offer, believing the eagles were a German symbol. But the Three Eagles Mausoleum that he produced symbolized, among other things, the freedom of Poland, brotherhood, and triumph. Some human ashes of the victims of the gas chambers were secretly placed within the sculpture. The Three Eagles Mausoleum was destroyed after the war and a reconstruction was created in 1962 by Stanisław Strzyżyński, by order of the Polish government and against Boniecki's wishes. This reconstruction (see External links) remains on display at the Majdanek Museum. At the same time, Boniecki was the chief of section V of Wachlarz, and gathered information within the camp for delegates of the Polish government-in-exile. Information was smuggled in and out of the camp routinely. With the help of the Polish Home Army, Boniecki escaped in 1944 and, rather than fleeing the country, resumed his counterintelligence activities. He took part in the Warsaw Uprising and was again captured by the Nazis. He passed through the German prisoner-of-war camps at Lamsdorf, Gross Born, and finally Sandbostel, where he was liberated by British forces. Post-war Boniecki settled in Paris where he met his wife Krystyna Boniecki (née Binental), also an artist. They continued sculpting and painting, and also developed educational toys for children, among them a tactile alphabet for the blind. In 1957 the couple moved to Denver, USA, and became US citizens in 1964. Later they moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma. Solo exhibits "Polish Masters Exhibitions", National Art Museum in Warsaw "Polish Artists Exhibitions", National Art Gallery in Warsaw City Hall in Polish Silesia, Bielsko-Biala "Exhibition of Polish Artists Association in Paris", Polish Seminary in Paris "Esposizione Internazionale di Arte Sacra", Pontificia Academia del Pantheon, Rome International House, Denver, Colorado Englewood State Bank, Englewood, Colorado "Millenium of Poland", Colorado University, Boulder, Colorado Creative Art Gallery, Denver, Colorado Permanent works available in public space The Tortoise, State Museum at Majdanek (original concrete) The Column of Three Eagles, State Museum at Majdanek (reconstruction) The Lizard, State Museum at Majdanek (original concrete) St. Francis D'Assises, Museum in Rome (model, bronze) Annunciation, Polish Church in Rome (tabernacle, bronze) Tribute to General Marquis de Lafeyette, Civic Center Park, Denver, Colorado (plaque, bronze - see External Links) St. Francis D'Assises, Museum in Rome (model, bronze) The Seal, in front of the Children's Hospital, Lublin (fountain, bronze) Military awards Cross of Valor (London, 1942) Cross of Valor (1944) References External links State Museum at Majdanek - Official Site Reconstruction of the Three Eagles Mausoleum Waymarking: Tribute to General Marquis de Lafeyette 1908 births 1995 deaths Polish emigrants to the United States Home Army members Majdanek concentration camp survivors Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni 20th-century Polish sculptors

20460289

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornington%20Peninsula%20Regional%20Gallery%20Works%20on%20Paper%20Award

Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery Works on Paper Award

The National Works on Paper Award is a catch-all term for a body of related awards for contemporary art made on, or with, paper. First awarded in 1998, it is the successor event to the Spring Festival of Drawing and the Prints Acquisitive. The award is made biennially, except during the years 1998 to 2000, and 2002 to 2004, when it was made annually. The award and its concomitant exhibition are hosted by the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery, located in Mornington, Australia. In 2008, the total prize pool of the National Works on Paper award was worth A$45,000 and had three components: The John Tallis Acquisitive Award, valued at A$15,000; The Mornington Peninsula Regional Shire Acquisition Fund awards, valued at up to A$20,000; and The Friends of the Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery Acquisition Fund awards, valued at up to A$10,000. Winners (major award only) 1998 - Christopher Hodges 1999 - Jennifer Buntine 2000 - Matthew Butterworth 2002 - eX de Medici 2003 - Lisa Roet 2004 - Paul Boston 2006 - Gareth Sansom 2008 - Danie Mellor 2010 - Richard Lewer 2014 - Jess Johnson References External links Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery website Mornington Peninsula Regional Gallery - 2008 NWOP Award MPRG - NWOP Past Exhibitions Australian art awards Mornington Peninsula Awards established in 1998 1998 establishments in Australia

20460308

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knarsdale

Knarsdale

Knarsdale, historically Knaresdale, is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Knaresdale with Kirkhaugh, in Northumberland, England about north of Alston. The village takes its name from the Knarr Burn: Knarr means 'rugged rock'. In 1951 the parish had a population of 289. History The manor of Knarsdale was held in medieval times by the Swinburn family, and in 1313 Hugh de Swinburn was rector of Knarsdale. It was later held by the Wallis family, who sold it in 1730 to John Stephenson, a Newcastle merchant. One of the Stephenson family built Alston market cross. But in 1769 Knarsdale was sold to James Wallace, a distinguished lawyer. His son Thomas, for services to his country, was created Baron Wallace of Knarsdale. The family also owned Featherstone Castle, and Hodgson described Knarsdale Hall as having declined in importance — a gentleman's place of the 17th century now and for a long time since occupied by the farmer of the adjoining grounds... The garden walls have lost their trimness, the malt kilns and the brewhouse are gone. Today, however, the stone buildings on top of a high mound dominate the scene and are strongly built. The mullioned windows seem to have been inserted into an older hall. Governance Knarsdale is in the parliamentary constituency of Hexham. On 1 April 1955 the parish was abolished to form Knaresdale with Kirkhaugh. Religious sites The church is dedicated to St Jude, and Hodgson saw it in a ruinous condition, with stone lying about. It had been rebuilt in the seventeenth century, and old grave slabs were used in the building. In 1833, however, it was rebuilt at a cost of £300 and a new rectory was erected at this time. On the south wall of the church, beneath the sundial, is a stone carved with Erected 1833. Rev. Thomas Bewsher, Rector. William Parker and Joseph Richardson, Church Wardens. Enlarged 1882. Vestry and Porch added 1906. There is a fine collection of gravestones and one carried a strange inscription, which Hodgson called 'disgraceful doggerel': All you who please these lines to read It will cause a tender heart to bleed: I murdered was upon the fell, And by a man I knew full well; My bread and butter which he'd lade, I, being harmless, was betrayed. I hope he will rewarded be, That laid the poison here for me. It was the epitaph of Robert Baxter, who died 4 October 1796. A man with whom he had a quarrel allegedly left a poisoned wrapped sandwich for him, but there was seemingly no inquest to confirm the accusation. The gravestone is now broken. References External links GENUKI (Accessed: 27 November 2008) Villages in Northumberland Former civil parishes in Northumberland

20460404

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherwitton

Netherwitton

Netherwitton is a village in Northumberland, England about west north west of Morpeth. A former cotton-mill now converted into residential housing, the old village school also converted into a house, an old bridge, a small church, and a number of cottages and gardens comprise the village. The old cross, dated 1698, still stands in a garden beyond the green. The village cross in Netherwitton is dated 1698 and seems to have been moved there when the village was moved. The original site is now parkland. The cross stands 1.6m high and was repaired in 1825. Most of the common about it has been appropriated and planted with trees. History During the Civil War, Cromwell quartered a large force in the grounds of the stately Netherwitton Hall for one night, and later awarded a sum of £95-5s-6d. as compensation for the damage done by his troops. After Culloden in 1746 Lord Lovat, a Jacobite leader, for a long while lay concealed in a "Priest's Hole" in an upper room of the Hall. Roger Thornton, a great merchant-prince of Newcastle at the beginning of the 15th century, was a native of Netherwitton and built a castle by the river, but no trace of it remains. Landmarks The Devil's Causeway passes the village less than to the east. The causeway is a Roman road which starts at Port Gate on Hadrian's Wall, north of Corbridge, and extends northwards across Northumberland to the mouth of the River Tweed at Berwick-upon-Tweed. Devils Causeway Tower, Netherwitton, also known as, or recorded in historical documents as Highbush Wood. King writes ‘Marked on some OS maps as tower but now considered to be remains of cottage.’ SMR still records as ‘site of tower’. Long records as ‘remains of an irregular shaped tower.’ This site has been described as a Pele Tower. The confidence that this site is a medieval fortification or palace is Questionable. Netherwitton Hall is a Grade I listed building. There has been a house on the site since the 14th century. The present house, which was built in about 1685, to a design by architect Robert Trollope has an impressive three-storey, seven-bayed frontage with balustrade and unusual irregular window pediments. The rear presents some earlier features including a stairway tower which may contain remnants of ancient fortifications. The gardens contain a folly and masonry features. Religious sites The church is dedicated to St Giles. He is the saint referred to as "Saint Aegidius" in one of the stained glass windows in the church, 'Aegidius' being the Latin form of the name 'Giles'. References External links GENUKI (Accessed: 27 November 2008) Villages in Northumberland

20460421

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennington

Rennington

Rennington is a village in Northumberland, England about north of Alnwick. Governance Rennington is in the parliamentary constituency of Berwick-upon-Tweed. References External links GENUKI (Accessed: 27 November 2008) Villages in Northumberland

20460437

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirudhubashini%20Govindarajan

Mirudhubashini Govindarajan

Mirudhubashini Govindarajan (born 1947) is an Indian-born healthcare consultant, focussing on women's healthcare and infertility management in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Background Govindarajan was born in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Her father was a lawyer, freedom fighter and politician focussing on organic farming. Govindarajan's mother was a doctor in Coimbatore. Her early education was in Coimbatore, India and then she moved on to the alma mater of her mother, Stanley Medical College in Chennai to obtain her medical degree. On completion of her medical studies in Chennai, she moved to New York and then to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She later became a Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons of Canada in 1977 and a lecturer at the University of Manitoba, Canada. On her return to India in 1981, Mirudhubashini joined Sri Ramakrishna Hospital and started their Obstetrics and Gynecology department. She was instrumental in the formation of Womens Center. In early 2011, she moved into a new facility of her own Womens Center, located in the Northern part of Coimbatore providing all women's healthcare services under a single roof. She holds a patent in relation to methods for the treatment of endometriosis and related disorders and conditions. Current Positions Source: Clinical Director, Womens Center, Coimbatore Clinical Director, Assisted Reproductive Technology Center Coimbatore Director, Center for Perinatal Care Coimbatore Pvt Ltd Director, Womens Center and Hospitals Private Limited, Coimbatore Adjunct Professor, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University Publications and research Inheritance of Infertility Journal of Human Reproductive Medicine Fertilization and Development: Theory and Practice ART, PGD effective treatment for infertility Memberships Source: Indian Medical Association Coimbatore Obstetrics and Gynecology Society - President, 2002-2003 Federation Gynecological and Obstetrics Societies of India Indian Association of Cytologists Perinatal Committee-FOGSI European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology American Society of Reproductive Medicine Member, Editorial Board international Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, published in New Zealand Founder President Coimbatore Ultrasound Society Awards Rotary for the Sake of Honor Award for the services in Women’s Health care Dinamalar award for Women "Achievement in Medical science" Distinguished alumni award for lifetime achievement from Mani High School The Professor Arnold H. Einhorn's Endowment Orator in 2008 References 1947 births Living people Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons Indian surgeons Indian gynaecologists Tamil scientists Medical doctors from Tamil Nadu People from Coimbatore Indian women gynaecologists 20th-century Indian women scientists 20th-century Indian medical doctors Indian women surgeons Women scientists from Tamil Nadu 20th-century women physicians 20th-century surgeons

20460518

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal%20Park%20%28Luxembourg%20City%29

Municipal Park (Luxembourg City)

The Municipal Park () is a public urban park in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The eastern edge flanks the boulevard du Prince Henri and, along with the valleys of the Alzette and Pétrusse, forms a boundary that separates the central Ville Haute quarter from the rest of the city. This green arc is segmented into separate sections by the avenue Monterey, the avenue Émile Reuter, and the avenue de la Porte-Neuve. The area bordered by these roads is approximately . The southernmost section of the park is called Edith Klein Park (Parc Ed. Klein). The park was created after the demolition of the fortress under the 1867 Treaty of London. The park is the location of the Villa Louvigny, in the southernmost section, and the Villa Vauban, across the avenue Émile Reuter. The Villa Louvigny was the seat of the Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, the forerunner of RTL Group, and hosted the Eurovision Song Contest in 1962 and 1966. The Villa Vauban was the original seat of the European Court of Justice, and is now an art museum. During the excavation for the construction of the underground Monterey car park, the remains of the fort was uncovered. Named the Lambert Redoubt, the pentagonal fortress can now be seen just south of avenue Monterey. The Lambert Fortress was originally built in 1685, renovated in 1835–6, and razed between 1868 and 1874. Footnotes Parks in Luxembourg City

20460533

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Perrin%20%28bishop%29

William Perrin (bishop)

William Willcox Perrin (11 August 184827 June 1934) was an Anglican bishop in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Perrin was born at Westbury-on-Trym, Somersetshire, on 11 August 1848 and educated at both King's College London and Trinity College, Oxford. Ordained in 1870, he began his ministry with a curacy at St Mary's Southampton and was then vicar of St Luke's in the same city before his ordination to the episcopate as the Bishop of British Columbia. He was consecrated a bishop on 24 March 1893, by Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey. He was later translated to be the Bishop of Willesden. During this period he was also the rector of St Andrew Undershaft A noted Freemason (he kept the rectory until his death). He died on 27 June 1934 and is buried in the churchyard of St John-at-Hampstead Church, London. His sister Edith was a prominent social reformer. Perrin unveiled and dedicated the Hampstead War Memorial in May 1922. He retired in summer 1929, resigning his see in time for his successor's consecration on the Feast of St James (25 July). He became an Assistant Bishop of London until his death — he apparently retained oversight of Hampstead deanery throughout. References 1848 births 1934 deaths Anglican bishops of British Columbia Bishops of Willesden Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford 19th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops 20th-century Church of England bishops Burials at St John-at-Hampstead Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England 20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops

20460541

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20cell

Single cell

Single cell and similar can mean: Biology Single-cell organism Single-cell protein Single-cell recording, a neuro-electric monitoring technique Single-cell sequencing Single cell epigenomics Single-cell transcriptomics Other Single-cell thunderstorm Single Cell (comic), a comic Single Cell Orchestra, run by Miguel Fierro Single Cell Orchestra (album), a music albuma battery (electric) of one cell

20460549

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20P.%20Armstrong

Frank P. Armstrong

Francis Patrick Armstrong (circa 1859–1923) was a steamboat captain in the East Kootenay region of British Columbia. He also operated steamboats on the Kootenay River in Montana and on the Stikine River in western British Columbia. Steam navigation in the Rocky Mountain Trench which runs through the East Kootenay region was closely linked to Armstrong's personality and career. In addition to being a steamboat captain, Armstrong was also a prospector, white-water boat pilot and guide in the Big Bend country of the Columbia River. Early life Armstrong had been born in Sorel, Quebec about 1859. He moved to Winnipeg in 1881, and then came west working with a Canadian Pacific Railway surveying crew in the Columbia Valley from Cranbrook to Golden. Character Lewis R. Freeman, a journalist, adventurer, movie-maker, and football coach, came to know Armstrong well in 1920 during a boat trip down the Columbia. Freeman described Armstrong, and as "one of the most picturesque personalities in the pioneering history of British Columbia": Beginning of steam navigation In 1882 Armstrong homesteaded on the east side of Columbia Lake and planted potatoes, with the plan of selling them to the workers building the CPR downriver at Golden. He built two flat-bottomed boats, (called "bateaux") to transport his crop on the river. Armstrong decided a steamboat would be a good way to tow the bateaux back upstream. He arranged to have steam engines shipped west from a steam ferry built in 1840 that operated at his home town in Quebec. Once the engines arrived, and a boiler could be located, Armstrong assembled a steamboat from miscellaneous planks and timbers that were lying around at an old sawmill. The result was the Duchess, launched in 1886 at Golden. Two early passengers wrote that her appearance was "somewhat decrepit" and Armstrong himself later agreed that she was "a pretty crude steamboat." Building the second Duchess Duchess sank at least once, but Armstrong was eventually able to raise her from the river. He then applied the odd-shaped steamer to make enough money in 1887 to have a new sternwheeler built, also called Duchess. Armstrong hired the veteran shipbuilder Alexander Watson, of Victoria, BC to build the new steamer, which although small, was well-designed and looked like a steamboat. Armstrong also had built a second steamer, Marion, which although smaller than the second Duchess, needed only six inches of water to run in. This was an advantage in the often shallow waters of the Columbia above Golden, where as Armstrong put it, "the river's bottom was often very close to the river's top". The Baillie-Grohman Canal A curious feature of the Rocky Mountain Trench is that two of the major rivers that flow through it, the Columbia, flowing north, and the Kootenay flowing south, are separated by only about a mile of low marshy prairie at a place now known as Canal Flats. As the name implies, a shipping canal was built across Canal Flats by William Adolf Baillie-Grohman, a European adventurer and promoter from wealthy and privileged background. The canal was completed in 1889, but it was only used three times by steamboats, every time under the command of Captain Armstrong. In 1893, Armstrong built Gwendoline at Hansen's Landing on the Kootenay River, and took the vessel through the canal north to the shipyard at Golden to complete her fitting out. By this time it appears that the canal had been damaged or deteriorated to the boat where at least some of the transit of Gwendoline had to be accomplished by pulling the vessel of the water, partially dismantling the boat, and pulling her along on rollers. Over the winter, Armstrong, it is reported, was able to prevail on the provincial government to expend funds to repair the canal. In late May 1894 Armstrong returned the completed Gwendoline back to the Kootenay River, this time transiting normally the rehabilitated canal. The canal remained unused until 1902, when Armstrong brought North Star north from the Kootenay to the Columbia. The transit of North Star was only made possible by the destruction, by dynamite, of the lock at the canal. Mining boom on the upper Kootenay River A mining boom along the upper Kootenay river in the early 1890s led to a demand for shipping to transport miners and supplies into, and ore out of, the region surrounding the river. The Great Northern Railway at Jennings, Montana was the nearest downriver railhead for upper Kootenay shipping. Armstrong moved south from the Columbia to the Kootenay, and built the small sternwheeler Gwendoline at Hansen's Landing, about north of the present community of Wasa. Instead of taking the ore south to the Jennings, Armstrong's plan was to move the ore north across Canal Flats and then down the Columbia to the CPR railhead at Golden. Armstrong took Gwendoline through the Baillie-Grohman Canal in the fall of 1893 (or rolled her across Canal Flats), fitted her out at Golden, and returned through the canal in the spring of 1894. The difficulty of moving Gwendoline through the Canal convinced Armstrong that the only feasible route was south to Jennings. By early 1896, Armstrong joined with veteran Willamette River steamboat captain James D. Miller and built Ruth (named after Armstrong's daughter) at Libby, Montana. Ruth was the largest steamer yet to operate on the upper Kootenay River. Later, Armstrong and Miller associated with Wardner, and, when their competitors, DePuy and Jones suffered the misfortune of having their new vessel Rustler (125 tons) sunk after just six weeks of operation, the three men were able to dominate the river traffic. Jennings Canyon Once in the United States, the Kootenay river, in its natural state before the construction of the Libby Dam, flowed through Jennings Canyon to the settlement of Jennings, Montana. Jennings has almost completely disappeared as a town, but it was near Libby, Montana. Above Jennings, the Kootenay River narrowed as it ran through Jennings Canyon, which was a significant hazard to any river navigation. A particularly dangerous stretch was known as the Elbow. Jennings Canyon was described by Professor Lyman as "a strip of water, foaming-white, downhill almost as on a steep roof, hardly wider than steamboat". No insurance agent would write a policy for steamboats and cargo transiting the Jennings Canyon. Armstrong once persuaded an agent from San Francisco to consider making a quote on premiums. The agent decided to examine the route for himself, and went on board with Armstrong as the captain's boat shot through the canyon. At the end of the trip, the agent's quote for a policy was one-quarter of the value of the cargo. Faced with this quote, Armstrong decided to forgo insurance. The huge profits to be made seemed to justify the risk. Combined the two steamers could earn $2,000 in gross receipts per day, a lot of money in 1897. By comparison, the sternwheeler J.D. Farrell (1897), cost $20,000 to build in 1897. In ten days of operation then, an entire steamboat could be paid for. Armstrong and Miller unsuccessfully tried to get the U.S. Government to finance clearing of some of the rocks and obstructions in Jennings Canyon. Without government help, they hired crews themselves to do the work over two winters, but the results were not of much value. Despite the work on the channel, every steamboat Armstrong ever took through Jennings Canyon was eventually wrecked in the canyon. The wreck Gwendoline and Ruth on May 7, 1897, resulted in the destruction of Ruth and the sinking of Gwendoline, fortunately with no losses other than severe financial ones. When the new steamer North Star was launched a few weeks later, Armstrong was able to make up for some of the losses with 21 completed round trips on the Kootenay between Fort Steele and Jennings before low water forced him to tie up on September 3, 1897. Move to the Stikine River In January 1898, Armstrong went north to Alaska to participate in the Klondike Gold Rush, with Armstrong deciding to try his chances at making money as a steamboat captain on the Stikine River then being promoted as the "All-Canadian" route to the Yukon River gold fields. On the Stikine River, Armstrong served with the famous steamboat captain John Irving. Together with A.F. Henderson, Armstrong built a steamboat, Mono for the Teslin Transportation Company of Victoria, BC. As might be expected from a vessel designed by Armstrong, Mono had excellent shallow water performance. When the Stikine river route collapsed as an alternate access to the Klondike in July 1898, Mono was taken under tow to St. Michael, Alaska for service on the Yukon River. Return to the Columbia River North Star was sold back to Captain Armstrong when he returned from his Klondike adventure, and on June 4, 1902, he took her north to the Columbia River on his famous dynamite-aided transit of the decrepit Baillie-Grohman canal. With North Star gone, steamboating on the upper Kootenay ended for good. While Armstrong had been engaged in the Kootenay and the Klondike mining booms, a few competitors had appeared on the upper Columbia. In 1899, Harold E. Forster (d.1940) a wealthy mountain climber, businessman, politician and occasional steamboat captain, brought Selkirk by rail from Shuswap Lake to Golden, where he launched her but used her as a yacht and not, at least initially, as commercial vessel. Also, Captain Alexander Blakely bought the little sidewheeler Pert and operated her on the river. In 1902 Armstrong dismantled Duchess. Armstrong built a new steamer, Ptarmigan, using the engines from Duchess which were by then were over 60 years old. Service in the Great War Many men from British Columbia served in World War I which began in 1914. Steamboat men were no exception, even Armstrong although he could easily have stayed home because of his age. Instead, Armstrong supervised British river transport in the Middle East, on the Nile and Tigris rivers. The Tigris in particular was in a difficult and hard-fought theater of war. Armstrong was not the only one of the small community of steamboat men of Golden to serve. Armstrong's apprentice, John Blakely (1889–1963), the son of his former competitor, enlisted and went to Europe, where he became one of only six survivors when his ship was torpedoed in the English Channel. End of steam navigation on the upper Columbia river The construction of railroads and the economic dislocations caused by the war had doomed steamboats as a method of transportation on the upper Columbia. With Armstrong in command, Nowitka made the last steamboat run on the upper Columbia in May 1920, pushing a barge-mounted pile-driver to build a bridge at Brisco, which when complete was too low to allow a steamboat to pass under it. Last years and legacy Armstrong found employment with the Dominion government on his return from the war. He was seriously injured in an accident in Nelson, British Columbia, and died in a hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia, in January 1923. His own life had spanned the entire history of steam navigation in the Rocky Mountain Trench from 1886 to 1920. An older riverman who had known Captain Armstrong said of him: "With Armstrong those who could pay were expected and those who couldn't were never left behind". See also Baillie-Grohman Canal North Star (sternwheeler 1897) Steamboats of the upper Columbia and Kootenay Rivers Notes 1859 births 1923 deaths Canadian sailors Steamship captains People of the Klondike Gold Rush

20460553

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Ijza

Beit Ijza

Beit Ijza (, also spelled Bayt Ijza); is a village in the Jerusalem Governorate in the central West Bank with an area of 2,526 dunams. Located approximately six miles north of Jerusalem, it had a population of 698 in 2007. Location Beit Ijza is located north-west of Jerusalem, bordered by Al Jib to the east and Al Jib lands to the north, Beit Duqqu to the west, and Biddu to the south. History Ottoman era Beit Ijza was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya of Al-Quds in the liwa of Al-Quds under the name of Bayt Iza. It had a population of 6 household; who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed Ziamet tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 2,500 akçe. In 1738 Richard Pococke named it Beteser, seeing it "on the hill to the east of the valley". In 1838, it was described as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Malik area, west of Jerusalem. In 1883 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Beit Izza as: "a village of moderate size on a hill with a spring at some distance to the west." British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, "Bait Izza" had a population of 59 Muslims, decreasing slightly in the 1931 census to 54 Muslims, in 14 houses. In the 1945 statistics Beit Ijza had a population of 70 Muslims, with a total of 2,550 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, Arabs used 122 dunams for plantations and irrigable land, 922 for cereals, while 8 dunams were built-up (urban) land. Jordanian era In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Beit Ijza came under Jordanian rule. The Jordanian census of 1961 found 129 inhabitants in Beit Ijza. Post 1967 Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beit Ijza has been under Israeli occupation. Under the 1995 Oslo II Accord, 6.7% of the total village area was classified as Area B, and the remaining 93.3% classified as Area C, under full Israeli control. Israel has confiscated land in Beit Ijza for settlements, including Giv'at Ze'ev and Giv'on Ha'hadasha. In addition, the separation wall extends onto Beit Ijza land, leaving 980 dunums, (or 38.1% of the total village's area), behind the wall, on the Israeli side. The Palestinian owners of the land must rely on Israeli permission to access their land. Permission is only granted to the property owner, often elderly people, leaving them unable to hire help to work the land. One family in Beit Ijza lives with walls on all sides of its property due to extensive land expropriations by Israel. Shrine Tawfiq Canaan found a Maqam (shrine) for en-nabi Yusif, on a spot which dominated Beit Ijza. References Bibliography (pp. 17 - 18: this shows Beit Ijza, according to Pringle, 2009, p. 234) (p. 234) External links Welcome to Bayt Ijza Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons Bayt Ijza village (fact sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ) Beit Ijza village profile, ARIJ Beit Ijza aerial photo, ARIJ Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Beit Ijza, ARIJ POICA Villages in the West Bank Jerusalem Governorate

20460599

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timarion

Timarion

The Timarion () is a Byzantine pseudo-Lucianic satirical dialogue probably composed in the twelfth century (there are references to the eleventh-century Michael Psellus), though possibly later. The eponymous hero, on his way to a Christian fair at Thessalonica, is unexpectedly taken to Hades, which is ruled by pagan figures and pagan justice (including the emperor Theophilos as a judge), and where "Galilæans" (that is, Christians) make up only one sect (αἵρεσις) of many. In one scene, a eunuch whose face "shines like the sun" whispers in Timarion's ear. His companion Theodore says it's his guardian angel. Edition and translation R. Romano, "Pseudo-Luciano, Timarione", in Byzantina et neo-hellenica neapolitana 2. Naples: Università di Napoli. Cattedra di filologia bizantina, 1974; pp. 49-92. B. Baldwin, Timarion, Translated with Introduction and Commentary. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984. Anonim Bir Bizans Hicvi Timarion, çev: Engin ÖZTÜRK, İstanbul: Urzeni Yayınları, 2020. See also The Menippus or Necyomantia by Lucian Mazaris' Journey to Hades (late Byzantine) References Kaldellis, A., Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: CUP, 2008; pp. 276-283. Ejusdem, "The Timarion: Toward a Literary Interpretation", in P. Odorico (ed.), La face cachée de la littérature Byzantine: Le texte en tant que message immédiat. Paris: École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Centre d’études Byzantines, néo-helléniques et sud-est européennes (Dossiers byzantins, vol. 7, forthcoming). Kazhdan, A. and A. Wharton-Epstein, Change in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990; pp. 139sq. Byzantine literature 12th-century books

20460606

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang%20Yani

Wang Yani

Wang Yani (; 1975) is a Chinese artist who began painting at the age of two-and-a-half. Her work was exhibited in China when she was four, appeared on a postage stamp when she was eight, and she had a solo exhibition at a museum in London when she was fourteen, and soon after, at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution, in a traveling exhibit organized by the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri. The Sackler exhibit included a painting done when she was three entitled "Kitty." By the time she was sixteen, six different books had been written about Wang Yani. They told the story of an innocent girl who loved to paint monkeys, baboons, and cats, and who grew into a world-famous young teen who painted as curators of the Smithsonian watched her create beautiful birds and flowers with her dancing brush. Wang Yani also exhibited in Germany and grew to love that country in her middle teen years. Studying the German language and winning a scholarship to study art in Germany, in 1996 began to study art at the Academy of Fine Arts Munich. She has had many exhibitions in Germany since 1996, including at Galerie Jaspers. She is married to photographer Wu Min-an. References External links Wang Yani Artists from Guangxi Living people 1975 births Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni People from Guilin Child artists

20460610

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Henry%20Hance

William Henry Hance

William Henry Hance (November 10, 1951 – March 31, 1994) was an American serial killer and soldier who is believed to have murdered four women in and around military bases before his arrest in 1978. He was convicted of murdering three of them, and not brought to trial on the fourth. He was executed by the state of Georgia in the electric chair. Investigation In 1978, Columbus, Georgia was undergoing a wave of murders of women. Several elderly white women had been killed by a perpetrator nicknamed the Stocking Strangler. In addition, the bodies of two young black sex workers had been found outside of Fort Benning nearby. The disparate groups of victims were linked by a letter to the local police chief written on United States Army stationery. The handwritten note purported to be from a gang of seven white men who were holding a black woman hostage and would kill her if the Stocking Strangler were not apprehended. The Stocking Strangler was believed to be a black man, and this had been widely reported at the time. The seven white vigilantes wished to be known as the "Forces of Evil", and wanted the police chief to communicate with them via messages on radio or television. The first letter was followed by others; eventually, a ransom demand of $10,000 was also made to keep the alleged hostage, Gail Jackson, alive. (Jackson was also known as Brenda Gail Faison and other aliases.) The letters were followed by phone calls. The letters and calls were a hoax intended to divert attention from the real killer. Gail Jackson, the supposed hostage, had been murdered five weeks before she was found, and before the first letter was sent. Her body was discovered in early April 1978. She was 21 years old. Soon afterward, following instructions in yet another call from the "Forces of Evil", a second black woman's body was found at a rifle range at Fort Benning. Her name was Irene Thirkield. She was 32. FBI profiler Robert K. Ressler created a profile which asserted that the killer was one man, not seven; black, not white; single, not well-educated, and probably a low-ranking military man at the fort in his late twenties. Using the profile and aware that both Jackson and Thirkield were prostitutes, Georgia Bureau of Investigation officers searched near the fort for bars which had generally black patrons. They were quickly able to identify William Hance and arrest him. He was a Specialist (E-4) attached to an artillery unit at the fort as a truck driver. Hance had begun his military career as a Marine before joining the Army. When confronted with evidence including his handwriting, voice recordings, and shoe prints from the crime scenes, Hance confessed to killing both women and to the killing of a third woman at Fort Benning in September 1977. Karen Hickman, 24, was a white Army private known to date black soldiers and socialize in black pubs. Hance was not charged with Hickman's murder in the civilian system, but was charged, tried, and convicted by a court martial for her death. Eventually, Hance was also identified as the killer of a young black woman at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Indiana. Hance was not charged with this murder. However, despite his four known homicides, he was innocent of the Stocking Strangler murders, eventually attributed to another black man, Carlton Gary. Military courts Hance was convicted in a military court, but not tried in civilian courts, for the murder of Irene Thirkield. Hance was also tried and convicted in a court martial, but not a civilian court, for the murder of Karen Hickman. During his court martial for the murder of Irene Thirkield, Hance received a life sentence which was reversed when jurors decided he lacked the mental capacity for premeditation. For the deaths of both Hickman and Thirkield, Hance's final court martial sentence was life at hard labor. The convictions were set aside in 1980 and he was not retried by the military court system. Civilian courts Hance v. State, 245 Ga. 856, 268 S.E.2d 339, cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1067, 101 S.Ct. 796, 66 L.Ed.2d 611 (1980). In this case, Hance's conviction and sentence of death in the Jackson murder were affirmed by the Georgia Supreme Court. The Thirkield murder is also included in the Court's summation of the facts. Hance v. Zant, 456 U.S. 965, 102 S.Ct. 2046, 72 L.Ed.2d 491 (1982). The United States Supreme Court denied certiorari in Hance's habeas corpus appeal in the Jackson murder. William Henry Hance, Petitioner, v. Walter D. Zant, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic And Classification Center, Respondent United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit. 696 F.2d 940, cert. denied, 463 U.S. 1210, 103 S.Ct. 3544, 77 L.Ed.2d 1393 (1983). After the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear his first habeas petition in the Jackson case in 1982, the federal appellate court for the 11th Circuit, which includes Georgia, affirmed Hance's conviction but ordered a retrial of the sentencing stage because the prosecutor's closing argument rendered the sentencing proceeding fundamentally unfair, and because two jurors were improperly excluded in violation of Witherspoon v. Illinois, a case about unjust challenges to jury members regarding their death penalty beliefs. The federal appellate court therefore ordered the state court system to provide a new, more fair, sentencing phase trial for the murder of Jackson. Hance v. State, 254 Ga. 575, 332 S.E.2d 287, cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1038, 106 S.Ct. 606, 88 L.Ed.2d 584 (1985). After a second sentencing trial resulted in another death sentence for the murder of Jackson, the Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the death sentence. Hance filed another petition for habeas corpus in the Superior Court of Butts County, which is a Georgia state trial court. That court denied his petition after holding an evidentiary hearing. Hance v. Kemp, 258 Ga. 649, 373 S.E.2d 184 (1988), cert. denied, 490 U.S. 1012, 109 S.Ct. 1658, 104 L.Ed.2d 172 (1989) The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the denial of habeas corpus by the Superior Court of Butts County, and in 1989, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear his appeal of the 1988 Georgia Supreme Court ruling. After the Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the denial of habeas corpus by the Superior Court of Butts County in 1988, Hance then filed a new petition for habeas corpus in the federal District Court for the Middle District of Georgia; that court denied the petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. Hance then appealed to the federal appellate court for the 11th Circuit, which decided the case in January, 1993. William Henry Hance, Petitioner-appellant, v. Walter Zant, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic & Classification Center, Respondent-appellee United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit. 981 F.2d 1180 (Jan. 6, 1993). Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc Denied March 11, 1993. In a relatively brief order, a panel of the federal appellate court in the 11th Circuit denied Hance's habeas appeal in the Jackson murder, and denied him the opportunity to present his case to the full appellate bench (instead of the panel). Execution Hance was sentenced to death in civilian court for the murder of Gail Jackson and sentenced to life in prison in military court for the death of Irene Thirkield. His military life sentence for Thirkield was overturned. His civilian death sentence for Jackson was not. He was executed by the state of Georgia on March 31, 1994, via the electric chair. He was the 231st inmate executed nationwide since the U.S. Supreme Court restored the death penalty in 1976 and the 18th in Georgia. In the hours before his death, the Supreme Court voted, 6–3, not to consider his appeal. In dissent, Justice Harry Blackmun said that even if he had not recently Hance had an IQ of 75-79 points, which classifies him as "borderline intellectual functioning" on modern medical scales of mental retardation. Controversy Other issues besides Hance's mental and psychiatric status had created controversy prior to the day of his electrocution, and one—the question of racial bias in the state sentencing jury—veritably exploded afterwards. The Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles had not even proofread its order denying his stay of execution, and conflated it with another document about some other prisoner. The Georgia Supreme Court denied his appeal by only one vote, 4–3. One of his jurors at his second sentencing (after the first was reversed for prosecutorial misconduct), a white woman named Patricia Lemay, came forward to report that other jurors made racial remarks about Hance such as "just one more sorry nigger that no one would miss" and, if executed, he would be "one less nigger to breed." There was only one black juror, a 26-year-old woman named Gayle Lewis Daniels. According to Lemay, Daniels was subjected to racial invective in the jury room. According to both Lemay and Daniels herself, Daniels refused to vote for the death penalty. The other jurors ignored her and reported to the judge that they were unanimous. When the jury was polled in the presence of the court, Daniels was by then too frightened to speak up. The other jurors had told her that she could be convicted of perjury if she continued to hold out, since she had testified, during jury selection, that she could vote for the death penalty. The evidence of Lemay and Daniels outraged many press outlets. Said one newspaper afterwards, At a law school conference the following year, attorney Ronald J. Tabak stated at some length his opinion that Hance's race contributed to the sentence. In popular culture Hance was portrayed by Corey Allen in the second season of the Netflix series, Mindhunter. See also List of people executed in Georgia (U.S. state) List of serial killers in the United States References 1952 births 1977 murders in the United States 1994 deaths 20th-century executions by Georgia (U.S. state) 20th-century executions of American people American people convicted of murder Crimes against sex workers in the United States Executed African-American people Executed American serial killers Male serial killers People convicted of murder by Georgia (U.S. state) People convicted of murder by the United States military People executed by Georgia (U.S. state) by electric chair People executed for murder Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States military Racial hoaxes United States Army personnel who were court-martialed United States Army soldiers United States Marines

20460613

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School%20Certificate%20%28United%20Kingdom%29

School Certificate (United Kingdom)

The United Kingdom School Certificate was an educational attainment standard qualification, established in 1918 by the Secondary Schools Examinations Council (SSEC). The School Certificate Examination (often called the "Junior Certificate" or "Juniors") was usually taken at age 16. Performance in each subject was graded as: Fail, Pass, Credit or Distinction. Students had to gain six passes, including English and Mathematics, to obtain a certificate. To obtain a "matriculation exemption" one had to obtain at least a credit in five subjects, including English, Mathematics, Science and a language. Those who failed could retake the examination. Some students who passed then stayed on at school to take the Higher School Certificate (often called the "Senior Certificate" or "Seniors") at age 18. The School Certificate was abolished after the GCE O-Level was introduced in 1951. The School Certificate also existed in a number of Commonwealth countries such as Australia and Singapore at various times. See also School Certificate (Australia) School Certificate (New Zealand) School Certificate (Mauritius) School Certificate - Other variants: Zambia, Nigeria Higher School Certificate (United Kingdom) GCE Ordinary Level (International) (O-Level) GCE Ordinary Level (United Kingdom) Cambridge International Ordinary Level (Singapore) Cambridge International O-Level subjects Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) Certificate of Secondary Education (United Kingdom) (CSE) General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), which replaced the O-Levels and CSE International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE), which is offered with or instead of O-Levels internationally General Certificate of Education (GCE), which comprises O-Levels and A-levels References Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom

20460614

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duvauchelle

Duvauchelle

Duvauchelle Bay () is a small town situated at the head of Akaroa Harbour on Banks Peninsula in New Zealand. State Highway 75 passes through the town. The Onawe Peninsula separates Duvauchelle bay from Barry's Bay. Duvauchelle is now part of Christchurch City Council jurisdiction since the city's amalgamation with Banks Peninsula District in 2006. From 1910 until 1989, Duvauchelle was the seat of the Akaroa County Council. History The site of an ancient Māori pā or fortified settlement is at Oinako, where the Duvauchelle Hotel stands today. At Te Wharau creek, a taua or war party of Ngāti Awa warriors camped during the battles led by Te Rauparaha in 1831. The name of the town and bay comes from the surname of two brothers Jules-Augustin and Louis-Benjamin Duvauchelle, who held land there from the Nanto-Bordelaise Company, at the time of the French settlement at Akaroa in the 1840s. In the following decade, land alongside Duvauchelle Bay was leased from the Canterbury Association by British settlers, including William Augustus Gordon, who was the brother of Charles George Gordon, the famous soldier and colonial administrator, known as "Gordon of Khartoum" after his death. The first freeholds were bought in 1857; economic activity was focused on timber extraction and sawing, mostly totara trees. Domestic pigs were grazed in the forest, who mingled with the feral pigs that were already present. As the tree cover was cleared, it was replaced with pasture. The first settler at the Head of the Bay, the location of the present town, was a Frenchman called Libeau, who arrived in 1841. Timber exploitation was also the main activity, as well as boat building. The sawn timber was all carried out of the bay by locally built vessels. A public house and a shop were built in the 1850s. A small building that served as both church and school was built by local people on a half-acre plot of land donated by Lord Lyttelton. The first permanent roads began to be constructed in the 1860s and 1879 saw the arrival of the County Council offices and the Post Office. Both the Duvauchelle Hotel and the post office were badly damaged by the earthquakes that struck the region in 2010 and 2011. The oldest parts of the hotel were demolished after the earthquakes, the remaining parts of the building were reopened as a single-storey establishment in September 2013. The post office was demolished in late 2012. Demographics Duvauchelle is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers . It is grouped with other settlements including French Farm, Wainui, Robinson's Bay and Takamatua as the statistical area of Akaroa Harbour#Demographics. Duvauchelle had a population of 180 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 30 people (-14.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 9 people (5.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 84 households. There were 90 males and 87 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female. The median age was 63.3 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 15 people (8.3%) aged under 15 years, 12 (6.7%) aged 15 to 29, 66 (36.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 84 (46.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 93.3% European/Pākehā, 3.3% Māori, 3.3% Pacific peoples, 1.7% Asian, and 5.0% other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). Although some people objected to giving their religion, 45.0% had no religion, 46.7% were Christian and 1.7% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 39 (23.6%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 27 (16.4%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $28,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 60 (36.4%) people were employed full-time, 24 (14.5%) were part-time, and 0 (0.0%) were unemployed. Education Duvauchelle School is a contributing primary school catering for years 1 to 6. It had a roll of as of The school was established in 1860. References Banks Peninsula Suburbs of Christchurch Populated places in Canterbury, New Zealand French-New Zealand culture

20460666

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortescue%20River

Fortescue River

The Fortescue River is an ephemeral river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is the third longest river in the state. Course The river rises near Deadman Hill in the Ophthalmia Range about 30 km south of Newman. The river flows in a northerly direction parallel with the Great Northern Highway until it crosses the highway just south of the Marble Bar turn-off. The river then runs north-west then west crossing the Great Northern Highway again, north of the Auski Roadhouse. Approximately north of Newman, the river flows through the Fortescue Marsh, an important wetland. The river continues to head west crossing Highway 1 at the Fortescue Roadhouse () and discharges into the Indian Ocean at Mardie Station about 40 km south-west of Dampier Tributaries The river is known to have 24 tributaries that include: Western Creek, Warrawanda Creek, Shovelanna Creek, Kalgan Creek, Fortescue River South, Cowcumba Creek, Macklin Creek and Tanga Tanga Creek. During Cyclone Joan in 1975 many of these tributaries also flooded. Weeli Wolli Creek and Weelumurra Creek both overflowed and caused floods and washaways on the Hamersley Iron and Mount Newman railway lines. The river flows through a number of permanent water pools on the latter part of its journey including Tarda Pool, Mungowarra Pool, Crossing Pool and Deep Reach Pool. Catchment The Fortescue Catchment area drains from the southern side of the Chichester Plateau and the northern side of the Hamersley Range making use of the trough between the two. The valley plains are composed of earthy clays with some cracking clays, loams and hard red soils. Water is stored at Ophthalmia Dam which holds a total volume of 32,000ML, and a total of 6,290 ML/year are drawn from the surface water for use in the town of Newman. Fortescue Marshes See also Fortescue Marshes The headwaters area of Fortescue River is flat and marshy. It is a location where Western Creek, Warrawanda Creek and Fortescue River converge. The river then flows through a poorly defined channel as far as Gregory Gorge, when the river starts to form a well defined channel. It then flows through a number of pools before reaching the estuarine area. Estuary The mouth of the river is a large estuarine area. The estuary is mostly unmodified, and functions primarily as a result of river energy. The delta formed by the river is tide dominated. The estuary covers a total surface area of The majority of the estuarine area is made up of salt marsh and intertidal flats. A colony of mangroves use the estuary as habitat and occupy an area of . Large female Barramundi are known to inhabit the estuary. History The river was named in 1861 during an expedition by the explorer and surveyor Francis Thomas Gregory, after Chichester Fortescue, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. The traditional owners of the area that the river flows through are the Indjibandi people. Mardie Station, at the western end of the river, was established prior to 1883. Three paddocks were fenced, and by that year were carrying about 18,000 sheep. Roy Hill Station, much further inland, was settled in 1886 by Nat Cooke who owned Mallina Station. The first official lease was granted to D. MacKay in 1890 for an area of . A bridge crossing the river near Roy Hill was constructed in the late 1920s to service the cattle industry. Damming proposals The river has been surveyed and proposed as a site for dams, in the Gregory Gorge and the Dogger Gorge as well as Ophthalmia. References Rivers of the Pilbara region Important Bird Areas of Western Australia

20460701

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20of%20Buffy%20Sainte-Marie%20Vol.%202

The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2

The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2 is a compilation double album released by Vanguard Records in 1971 covering a large proportion of the material she had released on her first six albums for the label that was not found on the previous year's The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie. Unlike her other first compilation, The Best of Buffy Sainte-Marie Vol. 2 does contain two tracks that were never released on any album - "Gonna Feel Much Better When You're Gone", which was never otherwise released, and "From the Bottom of My Heart", which was available on the "I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again" single that was charting in the UK at the time. Track listing All tracks composed by Buffy Sainte-Marie except where indicated. "It's My Way"1 - 3:34 "He's a Pretty Good Man If You Ask Me"5 - 2:28 "Hey Little Bird"4 - 2:13 "Song to a Seagull"4 (Joni Mitchell) - 3:22 "Adam"6 (Richie Havens) - 5:05 "Mary"6 - 1:32 "He Lived Alone in Town"1 - 4:41 "Johnny Be Fair"2 - 1:49 "Reynardine" [A Vampire Legend]4 (Traditional) - 2:59 "Gonna Feel Much Better When You're Gone"8 - 1:49 "Tall Trees in Georgia"5 - 3:33 "The Carousel"4 - 2:33 "Poppies"6 - 2:51 "From the Bottom of My Heart"7 - 2:34 "Lyke Wake Dirge"4 (Benjamin Britten/Traditional) - 3:48 "Welcome, Welcome Emigrante"2 - 2:16 "Eyes of Amber"1 - 2:20 "Babe in Arms"1 - 2:33 "Ananias"1 - 2:40 "97 Men in This Here Town"/"Don't Call Me Honey"8 - 3:06 "Uncle Joe"5 (Traditional) - 2:11 "T'es pas un autre" ("Until It's Time for You to Go")4 - 2:57 "The Seeds of Brotherhood"4 - 1:29 "The Angel"6 (Ed Freeman) - 3:25 1 - From It's My Way! 2 - From Many a Mile 3 - From Little Wheel Spin and Spin 4 - From Fire & Fleet & Candlelight 5 - From I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again 6 - From Illuminations 7 - Unavailable on album; B-side of single "I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again" 8 - Previously unreleased References Buffy Sainte-Marie albums Albums produced by Maynard Solomon 1971 greatest hits albums Vanguard Records compilation albums

20460707

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle%20Municipal

Cercle Municipal

The Cercle Municipal or Cercle Cité is a building in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, It is located at the eastern end of the Place d'Armes, in the historic central Ville Haute quarter of the city. History On a site where there had previously been a building intended as a Cercle littéraire but which finally housed a restaurant by the name of Beim Gréitchen, the city decided to construct a grand administrative building. The design competition launched in 1902 was won in 1904 by Pierre and Paul Funck, a father and son team. The administration started to move into the neo-baroque building in 1909 but the official inauguration was in 1910. On the front, above the balcony, is a frieze depicting the granting of the city charter to Luxembourg City in 1244. The building hosted the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community, which was established in Luxembourg in 1952, until 1969. It was used as the venue of public hearings of the court until a more permanent venue could be found, whilst other work was conducted at the Villa Vauban, in the Municipal Park. Through 2020 and 2021, due to restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Cercle Municipal became the meeting place of the Chamber of Deputies. Renovation and reopening In 2006, comprehensive renovation and restoration work was carried out on the Cercle in order to transform it into a convention and exhibition centre. The work was completed in April 2011 providing not only enhancements to the Grande Salle and the Foyer but also to the cellar, which can now house exhibitions, and the former loft, now the fifth floor, where four rooms form a new conference centre. It took on the name Cercle-Cité after an adjacent building on the site of the former Ciné Cité was connected to the Cercle by means of a bridge over the Rue Genistre in order to expand the Cercle's facilities. References Buildings and structures in Luxembourg City Baroque Revival architecture European Coal and Steel Community Government buildings completed in 1909 Architecture in Luxembourg Convention centres in Luxembourg

20460715

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20from%20Sylhet

List of people from Sylhet

This is a list of notable residents and people who have origins in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam. This list also includes British Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi Americans, Bangladeshi Canadians, and other non-resident Bengalis who have origins in Greater Sylhet. The people may also be known as Sylheti. Activism and cause célèbres Abdul Muktadir, academician martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War Altab Ali, factory garment worker murdered by three teenagers in a racially motived attack on 4 May 1978. Anudvaipayan Bhattacharya, university lecturer martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War Dia Chakravarty, political activist, singer, former political director of the TaxPayers' Alliance and editor of The Daily Telegraph. Gurusaday Dutt, founder of the Bratachari movement Jagat Joity Das, Mukti Bahini member killed in the Bangladesh Liberation War Kakon Bibi, freedom fighter and secret agent in the Bangladesh Liberation War Kamala Bhattacharya, student martyred in the Bengali Language Movement of the Barak Valley Leela Roy, reformer and politician Rawshan Ara Bachchu, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement Rubel Ahmed, died in Morton Hall immigration detention centre under controverted circumstances. Sachindra Chandra Pal, student martyred in the Bengali Language Movement of the Barak Valley Shamsuddin Ahmed, medical doctor martyred in the Bangladesh Liberation War Sushil Sen, martyred in the Indian independence movement Suhasini Das, social worker and activist Syeda Shahar Banu, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement Zobeda Khanom Chowdhury, woman rights activist and part of the Bengali language movement Art and design Dhruba Esh, cover artist and writer Jalal Ahmad, president of the Institute of Architects Bangladesh, vice-president of the Commonwealth Association of Architects Saiman Miah, architectural and graphic designer, designed one of the two £5 commemorative coins for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Business and industry Abdul Latif, British restaurateur known for his dish "Curry Hell". Ayub Ali Master, founder of the Shah Jalal Restaurant in London which became a hub for the British Asian community. Bajloor Rashid MBE, businessman and former president of the Bangladesh Caterers Association UK. Enam Ali, founder of the British Curry Awards, Spice Business Magazine and Ion TV Fazle Hasan Abed KCMG – founder of the world's largest non-governmental organisation, BRAC Foysol Choudhury MBE – Businessman, community activist and Chairman of Edinburgh and Lothians Regional Equality Council. Iqbal Ahmed OBE – Entrepreneur and CEO of Seamark Group. In 2006, he became the highest British Bangladeshi to feature on the Sunday Times Rich List (listed at number 511). James Leo Ferguson, tea industrialist and chairman of the Lakshmiprasad Union Mahee Ferdous Jalil, founder of Channel S, owner of Prestige Auto Group and TV presenter. Mamun Chowdhury – Businessman, and founder and co-director of London Tradition. In 2014, the company was awarded a Queen's Award for Enterprise for International Trade in recognition of its increase in sales. Muquim Ahmed - Entrepreneur who became the first Bangladeshi millionaire at the age of 26 due to diversification in banking, travel, a chain of restaurants with the Cafe Naz group, publishing and property development. Ragib Ali – Industrialist, pioneer tea-planter, educationalist, philanthropist and banker Shah Abdul Majid Qureshi, first Sylheti to open a restaurant in the United Kingdom Shelim Hussain - Founder of Euro Foods (UK) Syed Ahmed - Candidate on BBC reality television programme The Apprentice Syed Qudratullah Sattar, founder of Moulvibazar Mohammad Ajman "Tommy" Miah MBE – Celebrity chef and restaurateur. In 1991, he founded the Indian Chef of the Year Competition. Wali Tasar Uddin MBE – Entrepreneur, restaurateur, community leader and Chairman of the Bangladesh-British Chamber of Commerce. Education and sciences Aminul Hoque MBE, lecturer at Goldsmiths, University of London, writer Govinda Chandra Dev, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dhaka assassinated at the onset of the Bangladesh Liberation War by the Pakistan Army. K M Baharul Islam, Dean of the Indian Institute of Management Kashipur Mamun al-Mahtab, hepatologist M. A. Rashid, first Vice-chancellor of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Mohammad Ataul Karim, Provost and Executive Vice Chancellor of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, physicist, writer and columnist Najma Chowdhury, founder of the Women and Gender Studies department in the University of Dhaka, adviser to Caretaker Government of Bangladesh Nurul Islam Nahid, former Education Minister of Bangladesh Nurunnahar Fatema Begum, head of paediatric cardiology at the Combined Military Hospital (Dhaka) Padmanath Bhattacharya Vidya Vinod, professor at Cotton University Parvez Haris, biomedical science professor at De Montfort University Ragib Ali, founder of Leading University, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College and the University of Asia Pacific Sadruddin Ahmed Chowdhury, physicist and vice-chancellor of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology and Sylhet International University Sasanka Chandra Bhattacharyya, natural product chemist and director of Bose Institute, Kolkata Shafi Ahmed, surgeon and entrepreneur Sudhansu Datta Majumdar, physicist and faculty member of the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Sundari Mohan Das, founder principal of Calcutta National Medical College Syed Manzoorul Islam, critic, writer, former professor of Dhaka University National Professors of Bangladesh Abdul Malik, Brigadier (rtd.), founder of National Heart Foundation Dewan Mohammad Azraf, teacher, author, politician Jamilur Reza Choudhury, vice-chancellor of University of Asia Pacific, adviser to Caretaker Government of Bangladesh Rangalal Sen, academician and writer Shahla Khatun, obstetrician and gynecologist Economists Abul Maal Abdul Muhith, former Finance Minister of Bangladesh B. B. Bhattacharya, professor and Director of the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi Mohammed Farashuddin, 7th Governor of Bangladesh Bank, founder of East West University Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri, theoretical economist, academic and professor of the Delhi School of Economics Saifur Rahman, longest serving Finance Minister of Bangladesh and a leader of BNP Shah A M S Kibria, economist, diplomat and former executive secretary of the United Nations' ESCAP Shegufta Bakht Chaudhuri, 4th Governor of Bangladesh Bank Entertainment Adnan Faruque, actor, presenter, model and YouTuber Afshan Azad, actress best known for the role of Padma Patil in Harry Potter Ali Shahalom, comedian and television presenter Azim, actor best known for the role of Rahim Badshah in Rupban Bibhash Chakraborty, theatre personality and actor C. B. Zaman, film director, actor, and model Helal Khan, film actor and producer Islah Abdur-Rahman, film director, actor and screenwriter Khaled Choudhury, theatre personality and artist Khalil Ullah Khan, film and TV actor Marjana Chowdhury, a Beauty pageant residing in the United States Nadiya Hussain, columnist, chef, author and TV personality best known for winning the baking competition The Great British Bake Off Niranjan Pal, playwright, director and founding member of Bombay Talkies Raihan Rafi, film director and screenwriter Ruhul Amin, film director Salman Shah, film actor Shefali Chowdhury, actress best known for the role of Parvati Patil in Harry Potter Families Abaqati family, Uttar Pradeshi family who had jagirs in Sylhet Maulvi family of Jitu Miah, Sheikhghat, Sylhet town Mazumdars of Sylhet, Nawabs and Qanungoh of Barshala/Gorduar/Mazumdari, Sylhet Pal family, a former ruling family of Panchakhanda, Beanibazar Nawabs of Prithimpassa, founded by Sakhi Salamat Isfahani Sareqaum, custodians of Shah Jalal's dargah complex, founded by Haji Yusuf Zamindars of Kanihati, founded by Shah Jalal's companion, Shah Halim ad-Din Journalism Altaf Husain, 1st editor-in-chief of Pakistan's oldest, leading and most widely read English-language newspaper, Dawn and former Industry Minister of Pakistan Hasina Momtaz, former press officer for the Mayor of London Hassan Shahriar, journalist Lenin Gani, senior member of the Bangladesh Sports Journalists Association Rizwan Hussain, TV presenter, philanthropist, humanitarian aid worker, barrister and former CEO of Global Aid Trust Rizwana Hasan, attorney, Hero of the Environment and winner of the Goldman Environmental Prize and Ramon Magsaysay Award Salah Choudhury, editor of Weekly Blitz Shamim Chowdhury, TV and print journalist for Al Jazeera English Sirajul Hossain Khan, editor of Pakistan Times and the Eastern News Agency. Syed Mohammad Ali, founder of The Daily Star - the largest circulating daily English-language newspaper in Bangladesh. Syed Nahas Pasha, journalist and editor of Janomot and Curry Life Legal Abdul Moshabbir, lawyer and politician Knight Bachelor Akhlaq Choudhury, first Muslim at the British High Court of Justice Irene Khan, seventh Secretary General of Amnesty International, Director-General of the International Development Law Organization Khatun Sapnara, judge and first non-white to be elected to the Family Law Bar Association Committee. In 2006, she was appointed as a Recorder of the Crown, which made her the only person of Bangladeshi origin in a senior judicial position. Shohid Ali, advocate Literature Abdur Rouf Choudhury, writer Abed Chaudhury, Bangladeshi-Australian geneticist and science writer Achyut Charan Choudhury, writer and historian Arjumand Ali, first Bengali Muslim novelist Arun Kumar Chanda, freedom fighter, social worker, writer and editor of the Saptak Asaddor Ali, writer and researcher of Sylheti folk literature Ashraf Hussain, poet, writer, researcher of folk literature Chowdhury Gulam Akbar, writer and collector of Bengali folk literature for the Bangla Academy Dilwar Khan, poet known as Gonomanusher Kobi (Poet of the mass people) Dwijen Sharma, naturalist and science writer Gurusaday Dutt, folklorist Hason Raja, minstrel and writer of mystical songs Ibrahim Ali Tashna, poet, Islamic scholar and activist Ismail Alam, Urdu poet and activist Mufti Nurunnessa Khatun, writer, academic, and botanist Muhammad Mojlum Khan, non-fiction writer best known for The Muslim 100 Muhammad Nurul Haque, cultural activist, social worker and writer Sadeq Ali, writer, poet and judge best known for the Halat-un-Nabi puthi Shahida Rahman, author and publisher Syed Mujtaba Ali, author, journalist, travel enthusiast, academician, scholar and linguist. Syed Murtaza Ali, writer and historian Syed Pir Badshah, Persian-language writer Syed Rayhan ad-Din, celebrated Persian-language writer Syed Shah Israil, considered to be Sylhet's first author Syed Sultan, wrote the first Prophetic biography in Bengali in 16th century Military Anwarul Momen, general officer commanding 17th Infantry Division Ashab Uddin, major general and ambassador to Kuwait and Yemen Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury, 11th Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army Ismail Faruque Chowdhury, engineer-in-chief of the Bangladesh Army Bangabir M. A. G. Osmani, Supreme Commander of the Mukti Bahini Mahbub Ali Khan, Bangladesh Navy rear admiral and the Chief of Naval Staff Mahmudur Rahman Majumdar, Bangladesh Army brigadier, formerly the most senior ethnic Bengali in the Pakistan Army Mohammad Abdur Rab, 1st Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army, Major general during the Bangladesh Liberation War Muhammad Ghulam Tawab, Bangladesh's second Chief of Air Staff Nurul Huq, second temporary chief of Bangladesh Navy Prince Garuda of Gour, fought against the Muslims during the Conquest of Sylhet Syed Mohammad Ziaul Haque, Bangladesh Army officer and fugitive Syed Nasiruddin – Sipah Salar of Shamsuddin Firoz Shah Monarchs and rulers Chronological list of articles: Gangadhwaj Govardhan, 20th king of the Gour Kingdom Madan Rai, penultimate minister of Gour Amar Singh, military general and short-lasted minister of Brahmachal under Govardhan Jaidev Rai, governor of Brahmachal (southern Sylhet) under Tripura Kingdom Gour Govinda, final king of the Gour Kingdom, defeated in the Conquest of Sylhet Mona Rai, final minister of Gour Sikandar Khan Ghazi, first wazir of Srihat Haydar Ghazi, second wazir of Srihat Muqabil Khan, wazir of Srihat in 1440 Khurshid Khan, minister of Srihat, constructed numerous mosques Majlis Alam, dastur of Srihat, constructed numerous mosques Sarwar Khan, Nawab of Sylhet after Gawhar Khan Mir Khan, Nawab and Qanungoh of Sylhet Bayazid of Sylhet, Baro-Bhuyan Afghan chieftain who ruled over North Sylhet Muhammad Sani, Manipur migrant Khwaja Usman, Baro-Bhuyan Afghan chieftain who ruled over South Sylhet Mubariz Khan, Mughal sardar of Sylhet, fought against many Baro-Bhuiyan chieftains Mukarram Khan, Mughal sardar of Sylhet who would later become Subahdar of Bengal Mirak Bahadur Jalair, Mughal sardar of Sylhet Sulayman Banarsi, Mughal co-sardar of Sylhet, governed over southern parts of Sylhet Lutfullah Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet from 1658 to 1665 Isfandiyar Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Syed Ibrahim Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Jan Muhammad Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Mahafata Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Farhad Khan, most well-known Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Sadeq Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Inayetullah Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet and founder of Inatganj Rafiullah Khan, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Ahmad Majid, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet Abdullah Shirazi, Mughal faujdar of Sylhet and mosque builder Robert Lindsay, 4th superintendent and 1st collector of Sylhet from 1778 to 1790 Ganar Khan, last faujdar of Sylhet Music and dance Alaur Rahman, singer and music teacher Amina Khayyam, dancer and choreographer Bidit Lal Das, folk singer and composer Debojit Saha, playback singer Gouri Choudhury, music teacher Kalika Prasad Bhattacharya, folk singer Mumzy Stranger, singer, producer and lyricist Radharaman Dutta, lyricist and composer of folk and traditional dhamail Ramkanai Das, classical and folk musician Rowshanara Moni, singer and actress Runa Laila, playback singer Sanjeeb Chowdhury, singer and journalist Shah Abdul Karim, minstrel and folk songwriter Shapla Salique, singer and harmonium player Shushama Das, folk musician Shuvro Dev, playback singer Subir Nandi, playback singer Bonna Talukder, playback singer Politics and government Bangladesh Abdus Shahid, former chief whip for Bangladesh Awami League Ariful Haque Choudhury, Mayor of Sylhet Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran, former Mayor of Sylhet C. M. Shafi Sami, former Bangladeshi diplomat Hafiz Ahmed Mazumder, chairman of Bangladesh Red Crescent Society, Pubali Bank Board of Directors and founder of Scholarshome Humayun Rashid Choudhury, former speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad, 41st President of the UN General Assembly Ilias Ali, Organizing Secretary of the Bangladesh National Party Mifta Uddin Chowdhury Rumi, vice-president of Bangladesh Nationalist Party-Sunamganj Shafiqur Rahman, Amir of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami Syed Muazzem Ali, foreign service officer, high commissioner and career diplomat Chief Justices J. R. Mudassir Husain, 14th Chief Justice of Bangladesh Mahmudul Amin Choudhury, 11th Chief Justice of Bangladesh Surendra Kumar Sinha, 21st Chief Justice of Bangladesh Syed A. B. Mahmud Hossain, 2nd Chief Justice of Bangladesh Local Abdul Hakeem Chowdhury, East Pakistan Provincial council and National Assembly Abdul Majid Khan, former MP for Habiganj-2 Abdul Matin, former MP for Moulvibazar-2 Abdul Munim Chowdhury, former MP for Habiganj-1 Abdul Muqit Khan, former MP for Sylhet-3 Abdul Jabbar, former MP for the erstwhile Sylhet-13 constituency Abdul Qahir Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5 Abdur Raees, East Pakistan Provincial council and National Assembly Abdur Rahim, former MP for Sylhet-6 Abu Lais Md. Mubin Chowdhury, former MP for Habiganj-3 Abu Zahir, former MP for Habiganj-3 Abul Hasnat Md. Abdul Hai, former member of the Jatiya Sangsad AKM Gouach Uddin, former MP for Sylhet-6 Ameena Begum Shafiq, doctor and Jamaat-e-Islami politician Barun Roy, former MP for Sunamganj-1 Dewan Farid Gazi, former leader of Habiganj-1 Dildar Hossain Selim, former MP for Sylhet-4 Enamul Haque Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-2 Fatema Chowdhury Paru, BNP politician Gazi Mohammad Shahnawaz, MP for Habiganj-1 Gulzar Ahmed Chowdhury, former MP for Sunamganj-3 Harris Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5 Ismat Ahmed Chowdhury, MP for Habiganj-1 Joya Sengupta, politician and doctor Khalilur Rahman Chowdhury, MP for Habiganj-1 Khandaker Abdul Malik, former MP for Sylhet-1 Lutfur Rahman, former MP for Sylhet-6 Mahmud Us Samad Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-3 Mahbub Ali, former MP for Habiganj-4 Maqsood Ebne Aziz Lama, former MP for Sylhet-2 MM Shahin, former MP for Moulvibazar-2 Moazzem Hossain Ratan, former MP for Sunamganj-1 Mokabbir Khan, MP for Sylhet-2 Mohibur Rahman Manik, former MP for Sunamganj-5 Mostafa Ali, member of the Bangladesh Constituent Assembly and former Governor of Habiganj Najmul Hasan Zahed, former MP for Habiganj-2 Naser Rahman, former MP for Moulvibazar-3 and chairman of the Saifur Rahman Foundation Nawab Ali Abbas Khan, Jatiya Party politician and three-time MP for Moulvibazar-2 Nazim Kamran Choudhury, former MP Pir Fazlur Rahman, former MP for Sunamganj-4 Salim Uddin, former MP for Sylhet-5 Shafi Ahmed Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-3 Shah Azizur Rahman, former MP for Sylhet-2 Sharaf Uddin Khashru, former MP for Sylhet-6 Sheikh Sujat Mia, former MP for Habiganj-1 Sultan Mohammad Mansur Ahmed, member of Jatiya Sangsad and previously vice-president of Dhaka University Central Students' Union Syed Mahibul Hasan, former MP for Sylhet-16 Syed Makbul Hossain, former MP for Sylhet-6 Syeda Saira Mohsin, former MP for Moulvibazar-3 Yahya Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-2 Ministers Abdul Haque, former Land Administration and Reforms Minister Abdul Mannan, Minister of Planning Abdus Samad Azad, former Foreign Minister of Bangladesh AK Abdul Momen, Minister of Foreign Affairs Enamul Haque Mostafa Shahid, former Minister of Social Welfare Imran Ahmad, Minister of Expatriates' Welfare and Overseas Employment Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury, former Adviser to President Iajuddin Ahmed Shamsher M. Chowdhury, Bangladeshi diplomat and former secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Shahab Uddin, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Suranjit Sengupta, former Minister of Railways Syed Mohsin Ali, former Minister of Social Welfare Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury, energy adviser to the Prime Minister of Bangladesh Rasheda K Chowdhury, primary and mass education adviser to the Caretaker Government led by Fakhruddin Ahmed British India Abdul Matlib Mazumdar, freedom fighter and political leader known for retaining the Barak Valley in India Bipin Chandra Pal, Indian nationalist, one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate Nawab Ali Haider Khan, 9th Nawab of Longla, minister and leader of the Independent Muslim Party Syed Abdul Majid CIE, first native minister of Assam, pioneer of the agricultural industry Pakistan Abdul Hamid, Education Minister of Assam and later East Bengal Abu Ahmad Abdul Hafiz, Sylhet Muslim League founder and lawyer Abdul Hoque, politician, lawyer and freedom fighter Moulvi Abdus Salam, Revenue Minister of East Bengal Abdul Khaleque Ahmed, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Abdul Matin Chaudhary, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan and Pakistan's first Minister of Agriculture Abdul Muntaquim Chaudhury, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Aftab Ali, founder of All-India Seamen's Federation and vice-president of All-India Trade Union Congress Ajmal Ali, member of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan Akhay Kumar Das, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan Basanta Kumar Das, member of the 2nd National Assembly of Pakistan Begum Serajunnessa Choudhury, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Mahmud Ali, Freedom Movement leader, statesman Mohammad Keramat Ali, entrepreneur, philanthropist and politician Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Ibrahim Ali Tashna, poet, Islamic scholar and activist Muazzam Ahmed Choudhury, member of the 4th National Assembly of Pakistan Muhammad Amin, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan Murtaza Raza Choudhry, member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan Saiful Alom, member of the East Bengal Legislative Assembly Qamarul Ahsan, member of the 3rd National Assembly of Pakistan India Abdul Munim Choudhury, former MLA of Karimganj South A. F. Golam Osmani, Indian National Congress member Amar Chand Jain, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Anwar Hussain Laskar, All India United Democratic Front politician Ashab Uddin, member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly Ataur Rahman Mazarbhuiya, All India United Democratic Front politician Azad Zaman, member of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Aziz Ahmed Khan, former MLA of Karimganj South Bijoy Malakar, MLA of Ratabari Chittendra Nath Mazumder, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Dilip Kumar Paul, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Dwarka Nath Das, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Hazi Salim Uddin Barbhuiya, MLA of Hailakandi Kabindra Purkayastha, senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Assam Kali Ranjan Deb, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha, former MLA of Karimganj North Karnendu Bhattacharjee, Indian National Congress member Kartik Sena Sinha, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Kripanath Mallah, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Krishnendu Paul, MLA of Patharkandi Lalit Mohan Suklabaidya, Indian National Congress member Madhusudhan Tiwari, former MLA of Patharkandi (1991-1996) Mission Ranjan Das, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Moinul Hoque Choudhury, five-time MLA, two-time UN General Assembly representative and Minister of Industrial Development Nepal Chandra Das, Indian National Congress member Nihar Ranjan Laskar, Indian National Congress member Parimal Suklabaidya, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Radheshyam Biswas, All India United Democratic Front politician Rajdeep Roy, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Ramapayare Rabidas, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Rashida Haque Choudhury, former Minister of State of Social Welfare Sambhu Sing Mallah, Bharatiya Janata Party politician Santosh Mohan Dev, former cabinet minister of the Government of India and 7-time Member of Parliament from Silchar, Assam and Tripura South. Satyabrata Mookherjee, former Minister of State Shukhendu Shekhar Dutta, former MLA of Patharkandi Siddique Ahmed, MLA of Karimganj South Subodh Das, MP for Panisagar Surendra Kumar Dey, first Union Cabinet minister for Cooperation and Panchayati raj Sushmita Dev, President of the All India Mahila Congress Suzam Uddin Laskar, All India United Democratic Front politician Tathagata Roy, controversial right-wing Hindutva associate West Anwar Choudhury, The British High Commissioner for Bangladesh between 2004 and 2008. He is currently the Director of International Institutions at the Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Apsana Begum, first Hijabi to be elected as an MP for the British parliament Doly Begum, Canadian politician Gaus Khan, president of the United Kingdom Awami League Hansen Clarke, former congressman of MI 13 Lutfur Rahman, the first directly elected mayor of Tower Hamlets and the first Bangladeshi leader of the council. Nadia Shah, former Mayor of Camden. The first female mayor in the United Kingdom of Bangladeshi origin. Nasim Ali OBE, former Mayor of Camden. He became UK's youngest mayor as well as the first Bangladeshi and first Muslim mayor. Rabina Khan, councillor for Shadwell and former Housing Cabinet member in Tower Hamlets Rushanara Ali, first Bangladeshi to be elected as an MP for the British parliament Religion and spirituality Islam Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali, Islamic scholar and founder of the Fultali movement Abdul Momin Imambari, former president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh Shaikh-e-Fulbari Abdul Matin Chowdhury, a religious scholar and political activist Abu Hena Saiful Islam, US Navy's imam Ajmal Masroor, imam, TV presenter and politician Ali Sher Bengali, 16th-century Sufi saint of the Shattari order Athar Ali, Deobandi scholar, author and founder of the Nizam-e-Islam party Farid Uddin Chowdhury, former MP for Sylhet-5 Ibrahim Ali Tashna, Islamic scholar, poet and activist Ibrahim Danishmand, zamindar and Sufi scholar Muhammad Arshad, 16th-century Persian-language scholar Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri, Islamic scholar and parliamentarian Najib Ali Choudhury, founder of the Madinatul Uloom Bagbari, the first madrasa in the Greater Sylhet region Nur Uddin Gohorpuri, chairman of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh Nurul Islam Olipuri, mufassir and teacher Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri, former president of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh Tafazzul Haque Habiganji, former vice-president of Hefazat-e-Islam and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Ubaidul Haq, former khatib of Baitul Mukarram Zia Uddin, president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh Zohurul Hoque, doctor and translator of the Qur'an Shah Jalal's disciples Shah Jalal, Sufi saint associated with spreading Islam to Sylhet Ghazi Burhanuddin, considered to be Sylhet's first Muslim Haji Muhammad Yusuf, first custodian of Shah Jalal's dargah Adam Khaki, associated with spreading Islam to Badarpur Aziz Chishti, companion of Shah Jalal Khanda Jhokmok, companion of Shah Jalal Shah Gabru, associated with spreading Islam to Osmani Nagar Shah Halim ad-Din Narnauli, associated with spreading Islam to Kanihati Shah Kamal Quhafa, late disciple of Shah Jalal Shah Malum, associated with spreading Islam to Fenchuganj Shah Mustafa, associated with spreading Islam to Moulvibazar Shah Paran, early disciple and nephew of Shah Jalal Shah Ruknuddin, associated with spreading Islam to Rajnagar Shah Siddiq, associated with spreading Islam to Osmanpur Shah Tajuddin, associated with spreading Islam to Tajpur Syed Yaqub, associated with spreading Islam to Barlekha Other Agha Muhammad Reza - Claimed to be the Mahdi and twelfth imam, engaged in battles against the East India Company and Kachari Kingdom Krishna Chaitanya - Hindu mystic Shantidas Adhikari, associated with spreading Hinduism to Manipur Sports Bangladesh Cricket Abu Jayed Rahi, cricketer Abul Hasan, cricketer A. K. M. Mahmood, cricketer Ahmed Sadequr, cricketer for Sylhet Division Alok Kapali, Bangladesh Ardhendu Das, cricketer for Bengal (1934-1942) Ebadot Hossain, cricketer for Bangladesh Enamul Haque Jr, Bangladesh Hasibul Hossain, cricketer for Sylhet Division Henry Plowden, cricketer Imtiaz Hossain, cricketer Nasirul Alam, cricketer for Sylhet Division Nasum Ahmed, cricketer for Bangladesh Nazmul Hossain, Bangladesh Punya Datta, cricketer for Bengal and Cambridge University Rahatul Ferdous, cricketer Rajin Saleh, cricketer for Bangladesh Rezaul Haque, cricketer for Sylhet Division Sayem Alam, cricketer for Sylhet Division Shahanur Rahman, cricketer for Sylhet Division Shanaj Ahmed, cricketer for Sylhet Division Tapash Baisya, cricketer for Bangladesh Football Alfaz Ahmed, former footballer for Bangladesh Hamza Choudhury, midfielder for English football club Leicester City F.C. Kaiser Hamid, former footballer for Mohammedan SC Mahbubur Rahman Sufil, footballer and captain of Arambagh KS Yeamin Ahmed Chowdhury Munna, footballer for Chittagong Abahani Other Abdul Ali Jacko, two-time world lightweight kick-boxing champion Bulbul Hussain, wheelchair rugby player for Kent Crusaders and the Great Britain Paralympic team Rani Hamid, chess master, awarded the FIDE Woman International Master (WIM) title in 1985 Ramnath Biswas, soldier and writer best known for circumnavigating the globe by bicycle. Ruqsana Begum – 2010 female atomweight Muay Thai kickboxing champion and nominated captain of the British Muay Thai Team. India Pritam Das, cricketer Ketaki Prasad Dutta, former president of the District Sports Association, Karimganj Fictional characters Ameera Khatun (played by Manjinder Virk in Call the Midwife) Avell (played by Sayfuz Ali in Badman) Ayub Mohammed (played by Shahnewaz Jake in Call the Midwife) Faizal's mother (played by Nina Wadia in Corner Shop Show) Faruk Khatun (played by Abhisek Singh in Call the Midwife) Farzina Mohammed (played by Salma Hoque in Call the Midwife) Jahangeer Bruiser (played by Sayfuz Ali in Corner Shop Show) Malik Begum, the main protagonist of the British web series Corner Shop Show played by Islah Abdur-Rahman Rahul Mohammed (played by Ahaan Gupta in Call the Midwife) Saleem Akbar Chowdhury Shamsul Haque (played by Ali Shahalom in Corner Shop Show) Samad Miah (played by Ameet Chana in Corner Shop Show) Zaki (played by Islah Abdur-Rahman in Man Like Mobeen) References Lists of Bangladeshi people Lists of people by ethnicity Bengal Lists of Bangladeshi people by district

20460741

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy%20Tate

Troy Tate

Troy Tate is an English musician and record producer who was a member of several bands including The Teardrop Explodes and Fashion as well as working as a solo artist, for which he is best known for the single "Love Is ..." Biography Born in Liverpool, England, Tate's first band was the Cheltenham-based punk rock band Index, who released one single, "Jet Lag" c/w "Total Bland" in 1978. He moved on to join former members of The Rezillos in the band Shake, recording two singles with this band. In 1981, he first recorded as a solo artist, releasing the "Thomas" single on the RCA label Why-Fi. He joined The Teardrop Explodes in late 1980, replacing Alan Gill on guitar, and playing on the Wilder album. While with the band, he continued his solo career, releasing "Lifeline" in 1982. He left The Teardrop Explodes, and joined Fashion in October 1982, leaving in 1983 when he signed to Rough Trade Records, for whom he debuted that year with "Love Is ...". Tate moved on to Sire Records in 1984, who issued a remixed version of "Thomas", which was followed by his debut solo album, Ticket to the Dark the same year. The album featured contributions from former-Rezillos and Shake drummer Ali Paterson, former-Teardrop Explodes member David Balfe, Nicky Holland, Virginia Astley and Rolo McGinty of The Woodentops, and was described by Trouser Press as "an exceptionally good record". A second album, Liberty, followed in 1985, which proved to be Tate's swansong. The Smiths - The Troy Tate Sessions When The Smiths (also on Rough Trade) were looking for a producer for their debut album, Tate was chosen; although after the album was recorded, the band decided to reject these recordings and re-record the album with producer John Porter. The original version of the album is widely known as The Troy Tate Sessions and has only been released on bootlegs. "Jeane" from these sessions was released as the B-side of the "This Charming Man" single, and the version of "Pretty Girls Make Graves" was the B-side to "Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me". Tate's version of "Reel Around the Fountain" had been scheduled for release as a single in 1983, a disc of which was included in a collectors edition of Complete in 2011. Solo discography Albums Ticket to the Dark (1984) Sire Liberty (1985) Sire Singles "Thomas" (1981) Why-Fi "Lifeline" (1982) Why-Fi "Love Is ..." (1983) Rough Trade "Thomas" (1984) Sire "Sorrow" (1985) Sire References External links Sinclair, Mick (1981) Troy Tate Feature, Sounds, August 1981 Living people Year of birth missing (living people) English new wave musicians English male singer-songwriters English rock guitarists Musicians from Liverpool The Teardrop Explodes members

20460751

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Five%20Mysteries%20Program

The Five Mysteries Program

The Five Mysteries Program is an audience participation radio series broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System August 10, 1947 – March 27, 1950. In 1947-48 it aired on Sundays at 2 p.m. Such mysteries were produced and syndicated (1945-48) to individual local radio stations as a "barter-trade" program to sell advertising to local merchants or trade the advertising announcements for goods, services or premiums, such as prizes awarded to listeners in radio station contests or promotions. To facilitate personalizing the shows to individual stations and insert the local ads, the producers put musical interludes in the shows with enough time for a local announcer to introduce the episode, present the advertiser's message and wrap things up with other local information. Each 30-minute episode featured five mini-mysteries dramatized with actors, organ music and sound effects. Solutions to each mystery were then suggested by a panel of listeners and studio guests. The panelists sometimes shared a common background; for example, on the April 14, 1949 program, the amateur sleuths were gas industry officials. Cast members included Jackson Beck, Staats Cotsworth, Michael Fitzmaurice, Timmy Hyler, Abby Lewis, Frank Lovejoy and Ian MacAllister. Organist Rosa Rio provided the music. While the premise was simple, the mysteries were well written, requiring some thought to come up with the right answer. Similar to the Ellery Queen's Minute Mysteries, one listened to the story, evaluated the clues, and at the conclusion, matched wits with the sleuths to correctly identify the suspect. It was one of the few interactive radio shows. References American game shows 1940s American radio programs American radio dramas 1940s American game shows 1950s American game shows Mutual Broadcasting System programs

20460767

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10%3A10%20%28film%29

10:10 (film)

10:10 () is a 2008 Bengali comedy film directed by Arin Paul. It features Soumitra Chatterjee, Kanchan Mullick, Claudia Ciesla, Subrata Dutta, Aparajita Ghosh Das and Abir Chatterjee. Production The movie was released on 28 November 2008. 10:10 is a comedy set in Calcutta. 10:10 is also the debut film of its director (Arin Paul), lead actors (Chirasree Singha Roy & Ahmed), cinematographer (Basab Mullik), music director (Drono Acharya), editor (Aravinda Dasgupta) and a few others. Plot Durgaprasad an aged don wants to be a more successful don and would like to be in the league of Dawood Ibrahim who he considers to be his idol. To keep him company at all times he has two sidekicks in the form of Montu Singh and Jhantu Singh and Montu of the very shrill voice and loves to play with toy guns. Durgarasad's daughter Ranjita is in love with Aparatim a struggling actor. Ranjita has a couple of friends who are journalists and wants to do a story about the underworld and the underworld dons of the city. One of the friends asks Ranjita to help her write a story on Durgaprasad as he lives in Ranjita's lane. Meanwhile, Durgaprasad's outgoing calls are barred and he sends Montu with 50,000 rupees, the outstanding amount to the shop to clear his bills so that he can again start receiving calls. Montu pays the amount, but misplaces Durgaprasad's number by a single digit and so the entire number is credited to the amount account of Apratim. Durgaprasad is furious that his phone is still not working and likes Montu and goes to the shop to find out exactly what happened. He learns that his number is misplaced and the amount has been credited to Apratim though he is unaware of his real identity. His men threaten Apratim and tells him to repay the money or otherwise they will finish him. Ranjita tells her friends about her father's real identity. Her friends decide to take the help of the rival don Muktadhara to face Durgaprasad. Durgaprasad decides to finish off Apratim the next day, but he has an unpleasant dream at night and he wakes up the next day at 10:10, the time at which he was supposed to bump off Apratim and turns a new leaf. Cast Soumitra Chatterjee as Durgaprasad Subrat Dutta as Aparatim Aparajita Ghosh Das as Ranjita Claudia Ciesla as Serin Kanchan Mullick as Montu Abir Chatterjee as Abhishek Parambrata Chatterjee - Guest appearance Soundtrack Drono Acharya composed the film's songs and Ritam Sen, Sandip Chakrabarty, Padmanabha Dasgupta, Rana Basu Thakur and Rangeet wrote the lyrics. References External links Preview in The Telegraph, Calcutta Morpheus Media Ventures 2008 films 2000s Bengali-language films 2008 comedy films Indian comedy films Films set in Kolkata Bengali-language Indian films 2008 directorial debut films

20460818

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Heinrich

Roy Heinrich

Roy Heinrich, born Elroy Paul Heinrich, Jr., July 31, 1953, is a country music singer and songwriter born in Houston, Texas. Heinrich began singing Country music in Los Angeles in 1989. After moving to Austin, Texas in the fall of 1992, Heinrich has established himself as Roots/Honky Tonk Country Music artist. He has participated in Austin's South by Southwest music festivals for several years. Discography Albums After All This Time, 1993 CD Listen To Your Heart, 1996 CD Smokey Night in a Bar, 1999 CD Playin' Favorites, 2002 CD All Night All Day, 2008 CD External links Roy Heinrich American country singer-songwriters 1953 births Living people

20460820

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxspring%20railway%20station

Oxspring railway station

Oxspring railway station was a short lived station built by the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway to serve the village of Oxspring, South Yorkshire, England. The station opened on 5 December 1845 but due to cost-cutting measures it was closed, along with Dog Lane, Hazelhead and Thurgoland, on 5 November 1847. References Dow, George. "Geat Central Volume 1" (The Progenitors, 1813 - 1865) "A Railway Chronology of the Sheffield Area", Edited by Richard V. Proctor, Sheffield City Libraries, 1975. Disused railway stations in Barnsley Woodhead Line Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1847

20460821

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Kamakau

Samuel Kamakau

Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau (October 29, 1815 – September 5, 1876) was a Hawaiian historian and scholar. His work appeared in local newspapers and was later compiled into books, becoming an invaluable resource on the Hawaiian people, Hawaiian culture, and Hawaiian language while they were disappearing. Along with David Malo and John Papa ʻĪʻī, Kamakau is considered one of Hawaii's greatest historians, and his contributions to the preservation of Hawaiian history have been honored throughout the State of Hawaii. Life Kamakau was born in Mokulēia, Waialua on the North Shore of the island of Oahu. He traveled to the island of Maui and enrolled at Lahainaluna Seminary in 1833, where he became a student of Reverend Sheldon Dibble. Dibble instructed Kamakau and other students to collect and preserve information on the Hawaiian culture, language, and people. To further this goal, Kamakau helped form the first Hawaiian historical society in 1841. According to Kamakau: A society was started at Lahainaluna according to the desire of the teachers. As the people of Alebione (Albion) had their British history and read about the Saxons and William, so the Hawaiians should read their history...The King said he thought the history of all the islands should be preserved from first to last. Known as the Royal Hawaiian Historical Society, members included King Kamehameha III, John Young, Timothy Haalilio, David Malo, Dwight Baldwin, William Richards, Sheldon Dibble, Kamakau and others. Elected officials included president Kamehameha III, vice-president William Richards, secretary Sheldon Dibble, and treasurer Samuel Kamakau. The society disbanded after the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii moved from Lahaina on the island of Maui to Honolulu, Oahu in 1845. Kamakau married S. Hainakolo and moved to his wife's hometown of Kīpahulu. Their daughter, Kukelani Kaaapookalani, was born in December 1862, after which the couple moved to Oahu. In 1860 Kamakau converted to Roman Catholicism from Congregational Protestantism. From 1866 to 1871, Kamakau wrote a series of newspaper articles about Hawaiian culture and history: "Ka Moolelo o Kamehameha I", a history of Kamehameha I; "Ka Moolelo o Nā Kamehameha", a history of the House of Kamehameha; and "Ka Moolelo Hawaii", a history of Hawaii. The articles were published in the Hawaiian language newspapers, Ke Au Okoa and Ka Nūpepa Kūokoa. Kamakau has served as a district judge in Wailuku, Maui and was a legislator for the Hawaiian Kingdom. From 1851 to 1860 he represented Maui in the House of Representatives, and from 1870 to 1876 represented Oahu. He died at his home in Honolulu on September 5, 1876, and was buried in the Maemae Chapel Cemetery in Nuuanu Valley. Legacy On October 29, 1994, the Hawaii & Pacific Section in the Hawaii State Library was named the "Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau Room" in honor of Kamakau's legacy as a "great Hawaiian historian who also served his community as an outstanding writer, scholar, jurist, and legislator." In 2000, a Hawaiian immersion school in Kāneʻohe, Oahu recognized Kamakau's contributions by naming their school Ke Kula o Samuel M. Kamakau. The Hawaii Book Publishers Association's annual Ka Palapala Pookela ("excellent manuscript") competition presents the Samuel M. Kamakau Award for the best Hawaii Book of the Year. In 2005, the Hawaii State Legislature passed H.R. No. 55, declaring October 29, 2005 "Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau Day": WHEREAS, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU, born October 29, 1815, in Mokuleia, Waialua, Oahu, has been noted by many as one of Hawaii's greatest historians of Hawaiian culture and heritage; and WHEREAS, as a noted writer, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU authored books in Hawaiian that would later be translated by esteemed organizations such as the Bishop Museum and Kamehameha Schools, for future generations to learn from; and WHEREAS, by his actions and through his passion for accurately recording native Hawaiian history, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU teaches our keiki, both Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian, what life was like as a Hawaiian, and thereby preserves for posterity, the legacy of a storied people; and WHEREAS, along with maintaining a record of Hawaiian history, SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU through his birth and affiliation with Waialua, solidifies Waialua's position as a stronghold for Hawaiian culture; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED by the House of Representatives of the Twenty-third Legislature of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 2005, that this body commemorates SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU's contributions to memorializing Hawaiian history by proclaiming October 29, 2005, as SAMUEL MANAIAKALANI KAMAKAU Day. Works In 1961, the Kamehameha Schools Press published Kamakau's first two series as a book entitled Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii. Three years later, in 1964, the Bishop Museum Press published his last series as a trilogy, entitled Ka Poe Kahiko: The People of Old, The Works of the People of Old: Nā Hana A Ka Poe Kahiko, and Tales and Traditions of the People of Old: Nā Moolelo A Ka Poe Kahiko. A revised edition was published in 1992. References Further reading 1815 births 1876 deaths Converts to Roman Catholicism from Congregationalism Historians of Hawaii Hawaiian Kingdom judges Lahainaluna School alumni Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Representatives Native Hawaiian people Native Hawaiian writers Queen Emma Party politicians

20460837

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kolberg%20%281807%29

Siege of Kolberg (1807)

The siege of Kolberg (also spelled Colberg or Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign auxiliaries (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Province of Pomerania. The siege was not successful and was lifted upon the announcement of the Peace of Tilsit. After Prussia lost the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in late 1806, French troops marched north into Prussian Pomerania. Fortified Stettin (Szczecin) surrendered without battle, and the province became occupied by the French forces. Kolberg resisted, and the implementation of a French siege was delayed until March 1807 by the freikorps of Ferdinand von Schill operating around the fortress and capturing the assigned French commander of the siege, Victor-Perrin. During these months, the military commander of Kolberg, Lucadou, and the representative of the local populace, Nettelbeck, prepared the fortress's defensive structures. The French forces commanded by Teulié, composed primarily of troops from Italy, succeeded in encircling Kolberg by mid-March. Napoleon put the siege force under the command of Loison; Frederick William III entrusted Gneisenau with the defense. In early April, the siege forces were for a short time commanded by Mortier, who had marched a large force from besieged Swedish Stralsund to Kolberg but was ordered to return when Stralsund's defenders gained ground. Other reinforcements came from states of the Confederation of the Rhine (Kingdom of Württemberg, Saxon duchies and the Duchy of Nassau), the Kingdom of Holland, and France. With the western surroundings of Kolberg flooded by the defenders, fighting concentrated on the eastern forefield of the fortress, where Wolfsberg sconce had been constructed on Lucadou's behalf. Aiding the defense from the nearby Baltic Sea were a British and a Swedish vessel. By late June, Napoleon massively reinforced the siege forces to bring about a decision. The siege force then also concentrated on taking the port north of the town. On 2 July, fighting ceased when Prussia had agreed on an unfavourable peace after her ally Russia suffered a decisive defeat at Friedland. Of the twenty Prussian fortresses, Kolberg was one of the few remaining in Prussian hands until the war's end. The battle became a myth in Prussia and was later used by Nazi propaganda efforts. While prior to World War II the city commemorated the defendants, it started to honor the commander of the Polish troops after 1945, when the city became part of a Polish state. Prelude Within two weeks after the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (14 October 1806), Napoleon's Grande Armée had pursued the defeated Royal Prussian Army to Pasewalk in Prussian Pomerania. The provincial capital Stettin (now Szczecin), one of twenty Prussian fortresses, capitulated on 29 October the province's only fortress remaining in Prussian hands. Pierre Thouvenout was appointed French governor of Pomerania and sent his envoy Mestram to accept Kolberg's expected capitulation and take control of it. On 8 November 1806, Mestram met with the Prussian commander of Kolberg Louis Maurice de Lucadou (Ludwig Moritz von Lucadou) before its walls. Lucadou's refusal to hand over the fortress came as a surprise to the French generals and the Prussian administration in Stettin, who had already pledged allegiance to the French; it further led part of the defeated Prussian army to take refuge in Kolberg and reinforce the two musketeer battalions of the von Owstien and von Borcke regiments and the 72 guns garrisoned there. Lucadou ordered the Persante (Parseta) river west of Kolberg to be dammed up to flood the area around the fortress, and arranged the construction of Wolfsberg sconce east of the town. Coordination of these measures with Joachim Nettelbeck, representative of the Kolberg citizens, was however impaired by the latter's personal grievances against Lucadou. Among the Prussian soldiers who had retreated to Kolberg after Jena and Auerstedt was secondelieutenant Ferdinand von Schill, who after his recovery from a severe head injury in the house of Kolberg senator Westphal was ordered to patrol the areas west of the fortress with a small cavalry unit. Supplied with information about French movements by local peasants, he succeeded in capturing a number of French officers and soldiers, gathering food and financial supplies in neighboring towns and villages, and recruiting volunteers to his unit from inside and outside Kolberg. Schill's victory in the skirmish of Gülzow (7 December 1806), though insignificant from a military point of view, was widely noted as the first Prussian success against the French army - while Prussian king Frederick William III praised Schill as the "kind of man now valued by the fatherland", Napoleon referred to him as a "miserable kind of brigand". As a consequence of these successes and Schill's increasing fame, Prussian king Frederick William III ordered him to establish a freikorps on 12 January 1807, which in the following months defended the fortress against French attacks allowing its defenders to complete their preparations for the expected siege with Swedish and British support via the Baltic. Time for preparation was needed since Kolberg lacked sufficient defensive structures, manpower and armament to withstand a siege. The defensive works of the fortress had been neglected, only the port and Kirchhof sconce had been prepared for defense when Prussia feared war with Russia and Sweden in 1805 and 1806, but they had been disarmed in September. By early December 1806, the Kolberg garrison numbered 1,576 men, but increased steadily during the next months due to the arrival of Prussian troops and new recruits from nearby areas. Armament shortages were in part relieved by Charles XIII of Sweden, who sent rifle components from which local gunsmiths made 2,000 new rifles. As of late October 1806, a total of 72 guns were mounted on Kolberg's walls: 58 metal/iron cannons (8x 24 lb, 4x 20 lb, 40x 12 lb, 6x 6 lb), six iron howitzers (10 lb) and eight iron mortars (5x 50 lb, 3x 25 lb); in addition, there were four mobile 3-pounder cannons. While a convoy with artillery reinforcements was held up and captured by French forces near Stettin, twelve 12-pounder cannons reached Kolberg from the Prussian fortress of Danzig and the Swedish fortress of Stralsund, who each sent six guns. Since no further artillery reinforcements came in, the Kolberg garrison mounted an additional 92 guns on the walls which previously had been deemed unusable and withdrawn from service; these guns were positioned at the flanks at it was speculated that they might still serve to fire rocks and canister shots at short distances. Six guns captured by Schill's freikorps were also sent to Kolberg. Claude Victor-Perrin, whom Napoleon Bonaparte had entrusted with taking Kolberg, was captured by Schill's forces in Arnswalde (12 January), detained in Kolberg and later exchanged against Prussian general Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. With Victor-Perrin captured, the attack on Kolberg was to be led by Pietro (Pierre) Teulié's Italian division, who in February began the march on the fortress from Stettin. Schill's freikorps further delayed the French advance by provoking several skirmishes and battles, the largest of which took place near Naugard (Nowogard). Teulié reached the Kolberg area by early March, and by the mid of the month (14 March) had cleared the surrounding villages of Schill's forces and encircled the fortress. Siege Mid-March to April When the French encirclement of Kolberg rendered Schill's strategy moot, Lucadou sent three cavalry units to aid the Krockow freikorps in the defense of Danzig, while Schill departed to aid in the defense of Stralsund in Swedish Pomerania. The suburbs, most notably Geldernerviertel, were burned down as it was customary. Because of the delay in the French advance, Napoleon replaced Teulié as the commander of the siege forces with division general Louis Henri Loison; Frederick William III replaced Lucadou as the commander of the fortress with major August Neidhardt von Gneisenau after complaints by Nettelbeck and out of considerations for an envisioned British landfall at Kolberg - he feared that a French-born commander might irritate his British supporters, while on the other hand Gneisenau had been in British service during the American Revolutionary War. In April, Napoleon withdrew the forces of Edouard Mortier from the siege of Stralsund and sent them to take Kolberg, however, Mortier soon had to return when the defenders of Stralsund pushed the remaining French troops out of Swedish Pomerania. The French siege army was reinforced by troops from Württemberg and Saxon states (Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Hildburghausen, and Saxe-Weimar,) as well as a Polish regiment. The Saxon and Württemberg regiments were part of the army of the Confederation of the Rhine, which - like the Kingdom of Italy, whose troops were already present at the siege – was a French client. The Polish regiment, led by Antoni Paweł Sułkowski, with a strength of 1,200 had been transferred from the siege of Danzig (Gdańsk) on 11 April and arrived on 20 April; it was the 1st infantry regiment of the Poznań legion raised by Jan Henryk Dąbrowski on Napoleon's behalf, after a Polish uprising against Prussian occupation and French liberation of Prussian controlled Poland had resulted in the creation of Duchy of Warsaw in part of partitioned Poland. May to June Throughout May and June, the siege was characterized by heavy fighting around Wolfsberg sconce east of Kolberg. In early May, the siege forces numbered circa 8,000 troops. The siege force's blockade corps was since 4 May divided into four brigades: the first brigade was commanded by Berndes and included one Polish regiment under Antoni Paweł Sułkowski. Sulkowski in his diaries wrote that Polish soldiers were highly excited about the prospect of taking the city, as it was once part of Poland during the Piast dynasty. He wrote "our soldiers burn with the enthusiasm to move our borders to the pillars of Bolesław", and noted that the chaplain of the Polish soldiers Ignacy Przybylski called upon them Polish soldiers. We are camped under Kołobrzeg. Since the time of Chrobry our regiment formed in Poznan and Gniezno Voivodeships is the first to show its banners here. The brigade also included Württemberg regiments (Seckendorff, Romig); the second brigade was commanded by Fontane and included the 1st Italian line infantry regiment (Valleriani) and the infantry regiment Saxe-Weimar (Egloffstein); the third brigade was commanded by Castaldini and included the 2nd Italian light regiment; the fourth brigade was commanded by general Bonfanti and included the 1st Italian light regiment (Rougier). The remaining forces, except for the grenadiers, were entrusted with the defense of other sconces in the vicinity of Kolberg. The headquarters of the siege force was in Tramm (now Stramnica), where the grenadiers were concentrated. The artillery, under command of general Mossel, was concentrated near Zernin (now Czernin), and defended by a Saxon detachment stationed in Degow (now Dygowo). The construction of the siege works, was since 5 May supervised by brigade general Chambarlhiac of the 8th corps on Napoleon's behalf. Schill returned to the town in early May, but left for Stralsund again after discord with Gneisenau, taking most of his freikorps with him (primarily the cavalry units). After Schill's departure, the defenders numbered about 6,000 men and consisted of one grenadier battalion with 850 men, commanded by Karl Wilhelm Ernst von Waldenfels, vice commander of the fortress; one fusilier battalion with 750 men, commanded by Möller; the 2nd Pomeranian reserve battalion with 540 men; the 3rd Neumark reserve battalion with 420 men; the 3rd musketeer battalion von Owstien with 800 men; the 3rd musketeer battalion von Borcke with 800 men; of Schill's freikorps, five infantry companies with 750 men and one cavalry squadron with 113 men, commanded by Count Wedell; two Jäger companies (Dobrowolski and Otto) with 300 men, later commanded by Arenstorf; 110 cuirassiers from the depot of the von Balliodz regiment; 400 artillerists. On 7 May, in a French reconnaissance attack, troops from the 1st Italian line infantry as well as the Polish, Württemberg and Saxon regiments assaulted Wolfsberg sconce. During the fight, a Polish unit repelled a charge from the cavalry squadron of Schill's Freikorps (113 troopers). General Loison in a report to Marshal Berthier on 8 May stated that the Poles had stopped a charge of 600 Prussian cavalry in that action. In another attack, launched during the night of 17/18 May, siege force troops managed to take part of Wolfsberg sconce, but had to retreat when in the resulting chaos, Württemberg troops shot at Italian units. The Prussian forces launched a counter-attack and drove them from the sconce once again. After this, the French general lost confidence in Wurttemberg troops and removed them from the battlefield. Polish troops were extensively used, and according to Louis Loison, showed exceptional determination in the attacks on Wolfsberg sconce. On 20 May, an arms replenishment for the defenders arrived by sea from Great Britain, containing inter alia 10,000 rifles, 6,000 sabres and ammunition. Some of those supplies, including 6,000 rifles, were however redirected to the defenders of Stralsund. On 30 May, Napoleon ordered the redeployment of Jean Boudet's division to enable it to reach Kolberg on demand within 36 hours, one regiment of the division was ordered to reinforce the siege forces. Wolfsberg sconce, overrun by the French army on 17 May but recovered by the defenders the next day, capitulated on 11 June. Among others, Waldenfels was killed at the Wolfsberg sconce. Also, Teulié was lethally injured when a cannonball hit his leg—according to the French Biographie universelle, he died five days later, on 12 May, and his death caused the parties to agree on a 24-hour truce in his honor; according to Höpfner's History of the Prussian Army however, Teuliè was hit when a 24-hour truce on 11/12 June was concluded after the capitulation of the Wolfsberg sconce, but not observed; and according to the Italian Biografie di Pietro Teulie however, the cannonball hit Teuliè after 13 June, and five to six days later, he died in Loison's arms in the nearby village of Tramm. Temporarily, the defenders were supported by the British corvette Phyleria and the Swedish frigate af Chapmann, the latter had arrived on 29 April, was commanded by major Follin and armed with 46 guns (two 36-pounders, else 24-pounder cannons and carronades). Also, three fishing boats had been armed with guns and supported the defenders from the sea. A 3-pounder gun was mounted on each of these boats, which had been prepared by Nettelbeck; later, a fourth boat was similarly prepared by lieutenant Fabe. On 3 June during the evening the supporting ships directed artillery fire on the Polish camp, which proved to be ineffective due to strong winds, three hours later an armed expedition of estimated 200 Prussians attempted to land on the beach, and was repulsed in intense fighting by the Polish regiment On 14 June, British artillery replenishments arrived for the defenders, including 30 iron cannons, 10 iron howitzers and ammunition. The guns replaced "the many unusable guns on Kolberg's walls". Since the fortress had experienced a shortage of light artillery while at the same time it had sufficient cannonball supplies in storage, a Kolberg smith had forged an operative iron 4-pounder gun; further efforts to forge artillery pieces in the fortress were rendered moot by the arrival of the British guns. Final days In mid-June, the siege forces were reinforced by two Nassau bataillons with a strength of 1,500 to 1,600, Napoleon ordered the narrowing of the encirclement to cut off Kolberg from its port. By the end of June, Napoleon sent in battle-tried French regiments and heavy guns to bring about a decision: on 21 June arrived further artillery pieces and the 4th Dutch line infantry regiment (Anthing's) with a strength of 1,600 to 1,700; on 30 June arrived the 3rd light, 56th line and 93rd line regiments of the Boudet division with a strength of 7,000. Overall, the strength of the siege force had risen to about 14,000 men in the final days. The French forces took the Maikuhle forest held by the remaining soldiers of Schill's freikorps on 1 July. Kolberg was heavily bombarded—of a total of 25,940 cannonballs fired by the siege force, 6,000 were fired on 1 and 2 July. On 2 July at noon, fighting ceased upon the announcement of the Prusso-French agreement to the Peace of Tilsit. A Prusso-French truce had been signed already on 25 June following the decisive Russian defeat in the Battle of Friedland. Kolberg was one of the few Prussian fortresses which withstood Napoleon's forces until the peace was signed—others were Glatz (Kłodzko) and Graudenz (Grudziądz). Casualties Based on data from the Prussian Military Archive, Höpfner lists the casualties for the Prussian garrison of Kolberg (saying it is uncertain whether they included the losses of the Schill freikorps) as follows: Höpfner further reports that Schill's freikorps lost a total of 682 infantry, 40 artillerists and an unrecorded number of cavalry and jäger as dead, wounded, captured or missing; of the civilian population of Kolberg, 27 died and 42 were wounded, primarily during the two final days. Regarding the casualties of the siege force, Höpfner says that the Prussian archives reports list a total of 7,000 to 8,000 dead and wounded, 1,000 of whom were killed and injured during the last two days. Höpfner does not cite the number claimed by the French, which he dismissed as "worthless," and says that the beforementioned Prussian claim for the total siege force casualties might be exaggerated. The casualty figures cited by Smith in The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book match Höpfner's numbers for the Prussian garrison, as they were used as a source; for the siege force casualties, Smith lists 102 officers and 5,000 men dead and wounded or died of sickness. Aftermath After the announcement of the peace, Kolberg was not occupied by the French army. Already on 3/4 July, Napoleon ordered the bulk of the siege force to march west to Swedish Pomerania and reinforce, under command of Guillaume Brune, the French forces besieging Stralsund. The commander of the siege forces in Kolberg, Louis Henri Loison, likewise departed to the Stralsund pocket and was put in command of a division near Demmin. Ferdinand von Schill and Neidhardt von Gneisenau received the highest Prussian military decoration "Pour le Mérite" for their service. During the siege, Kolberg's suburbs had been levelled, more than half of the Old Town was damaged or destroyed by artillery fire, and Kolberg's economy with its two important branches sea trade and salt mining declined. A shortage of coins had led to the circulation of paper money, hand-written by students from the local lyceum on Gneisenau's behalf. The overall damage was at 155,000 reichstalers. Only in the mid-19th century began the reconstruction and modernization of the town and its port. The ruins of the destroyed medieval town hall were replaced by the current building, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Kolberg ceased to be a fortress in 1872—by 1873, most of the defensive works were levelled. In popular memory The siege itself became a myth in military history of Prussia, which was partially deflated in modern research by Hieronim Kroczyński. Nobel laureate Paul Heyse described the events in his successful drama "Colberg" (1865). Before World War II, a monument in the town's center was dedicated to Gneisenau, Nettelbeck and Schill; Schill's house was marked with a memorial plaque, a redoubt and a street were named after him, and 2 July was a local holiday celebrated by an annual procession. After the war, when the town became Polish, a street in Kołobrzeg was named after Antoni Sułkowski, the commander of the Polish troops taking part in the siege. Nazi propaganda movie Paul Heyse's drama was exploited in the Nazi propaganda movie Kolberg, which was begun in 1943 and released in 1945 near the end of World War II. At a cost of more than eight million marks, it was the most expensive German film of the Second World War. Part of the plot did not match the events—for example, while the actual siege had ended because Prussia surrendered, in the movie it ended because the French generals concluded Kolberg could not be taken. 187,000 soldiers, 6,000 sailors and 4,000 horses were drawn from the front for the production of the movie. Explanatory notes Notes References External links Images of the battle and excerpts from Nettelbeck's diary at Dansk Militærhistorisk Selskab - Chakoten (Danish/German) Image gallery: remains of Wolfsberg sconce History of Pomerania Conflicts in 1807 1807 in Germany Sieges involving Poland Sieges involving France Sieges involving Prussia Battles of the War of the Fourth Coalition Kołobrzeg Sieges involving Sweden

17324616

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes

Langnes

Langnes may refer to: Places Antarctica Langnes Fjord, a fjord in Antarctica Langnes Peninsula, a peninsula in Antarctica Norway Langnes, Troms, a village in Lenvik municipality, Troms county, Norway Langnes, Østfold, a village in Askim municipality, Østfold county, Norway Langnes Airport in the city of Tromsø, also known as Tromsø Airport Langnes Station, a railway station located at Langnes in Askim municipality on the Østfold Line People Ole Arvid Langnes, a retired Norwegian football goalkeeper Other Battle of Langnes, a battle fought between Norway and Sweden as a part of the Swedish-Norwegian War of 1814 See also Langness Langenes (disambiguation) Langeness

17324662

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langenes%2C%20Finnmark

Langenes, Finnmark

Langenes is a village in Troms og Finnmark, Norway. References Villages in Finnmark

17324672

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langnes%2C%20Troms

Langnes, Troms

Langnes is a village in Senja Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It is located along the lake Rossfjordsvatnet about south of the village of Rossfjordstraumen and about northeast of the town of Finnsnes. The village of Bjorelvnes lies about west of Langnes. The population (2001) of the village is 189. References Senja Villages in Troms Populated places of Arctic Norway

20460845

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adbhutananda

Adbhutananda

Adbhutananda (died 1920), born Rakhturam, was a direct monastic disciple of Ramakrishna, a Yogi of nineteenth century Bengal. He is familiarly known as Latu Maharaj among the followers of Ramakrishna. Adbhutananda was the first monastic disciple to come to Ramakrishna. While most of Ramakrishna's direct disciples came from the Bengali intelligentsia, Adbhutananda's lack of formal education made him unique amongst them. He was a servant boy of a devotee of Ramakrishna, and he later became his monastic disciple. Though unlettered, Adbhutananda was considered as a monk with great spiritual insight by Ramakrishna's followers, and Vivekananda regarded him as "the greatest miracle of Ramakrishna". Biography Early life Adbhutananda was born in North-Eastern India in the Chhapra district of Bihar, around the middle of the nineteenth century. He was given the name Rakhturam, meaning "child who is protected by Lord Rama". His parents were poor, humble villagers. Both his father and mother died before Rakhturam was five years old and he was left in the care of an uncle who was affectionate towards him. Growing up in the village, Rakhturam led a carefree life, tending cows and sheep in the fields. In later years, he said, "I used to wander freely with the cowherd boys. How simple and guileless they were! You can't have real joy unless you are like that." Poverty forced Rakhturam and his uncle to travel to Calcutta in search of a livelihood. Rakhturam came in contact with Ramachandra Datta, a householder devotee of Ramakrishna, and he joined as his servant. As a servant, Rakhturam was considered energetic and faithful. Rakhturam became known as "Latu" in his new Calcutta surroundings, and he was called by that name thereafter. Meetings with Ramakrishna Ramakrishna lived at the Dakshineswar Kāli Temple, a few miles north of Calcutta, on the eastern bank of the Ganges. Ram Chandra Datta, Latu's employer, was one of the first householder disciples to visit Ramakrishna. Datta loved to speak about Ramakrishna and his sayings and Latu heard about Ramakrishna from him and was attracted by Ramakrishna's teachings, It is reported that inspired by the teachings of Ramakrishna, he was often found lying covered with his blanket, quietly wiping tears from his eyes thinking of God. Latu waited eagerly for an opportunity to meet Ramakrishna, and he met Ramakrishna on a Sunday in 1879 or 1880. When Ramakrishna saw Latu, he reportedly said to Ramchandra that Latu had "holy signs in him." and it is reported that when Ramakrishna touched him, Latu entered an ecstatic state, "tears trickled from his eyes and his lips began to quiver with emotion" and he gradually returned to normal state of consciousness. Latu began to visit Ramakrishna regularly, and he lost the enthusiasm with which he worked before at Datta's house. In June 1881, he joined Ramakrishna at Dakshineswar as his personal attendant and helper. He also used to help Sarada Devi in her chores. With Ramakrishna in Dakshineswar At Dakshineswar Latu began a life of rigorous spiritual discipline under Ramakrishna's guidance, and also continued his service as his servant to him. His day began, first seeing Ramakrishna and saluting him. As Latu had received no formal schooling, Ramakrishna hoped that he might acquire at least a rudimentary education, so he tried to teach him the Bengali alphabets himself. However, Latu's Bihari accent was different from that of a Bengali, and he could not read even the first vowel correctly. Ramakrishna corrected him repeatedly with much amusement, and the experiment was later discontinued. According to Saradananda, Ramakrishna's monastic disciple Latu was seen "praying and meditating the whole night and sleeping during the day. His life was a literal example of the teaching of the Gita:'In that which is night to all beings, the man of self-control is awake; and where all beings are awake, there is night for the sage who sees (2.69)." At Shyampukur and Cossipore In the middle of 1885 Ramakrishna's throat became sore, which later developed into throat cancer. To conveniently treat him, the devotees moved Ramakrishna from Dakshineswar to Shyampukur, in North Calcutta. Latu, being his personal attendant went with him. He later moved on with Ramakrishna to Cossipore on 11 December 1885. He took care of nursing Ramakrishna during his final days, reminiscing about which Latu said, "Serving the Master was our worship. We didn't need any other spiritual disciplines." Latu received an ochre cloth and rosary from Ramakrishna. After Ramakrishna's death on 16 August 1886, Latu went on a pilgrimage visiting Vrindaban, Varanasi, Ayodhya with Sarada Devi, and other lay and monastic disciples of Ramakrishna. At Calcutta After Ramakrishna's passing away, Narendra (Vivekananda) and some of the other disciples established the first Ramakrishna monastery at Baranagore in an old, dilapidated house. Here some of the disciples including Naren took their monastic vows and were engaged in the study of the scriptures, practicing meditation and austerity. Latu joined them later in 1887 and accepted the monastic vows. Vivekananda gave him the monastic name Adbhutananda, meaning, "He who finds bliss in the wonderful nature of the Atman." According to his brother monks, Adbhutananda led a very austere life at the monastery practicing meditation and japa. He led the life of a wandering monk around the Calcutta area, unattached to people and places. Sometimes he stayed at the home of other householder devotees, but most often was found living simply on the bank of the Ganges. Sometimes he stayed at Alambazar Math and Belur Math. He also went on several pilgrimages to North India with his brother disciples including Vivekananda. In 1903 he moved to the house of Balaram Bose, a householder devotee of Ramakrishna and stayed there till 1912. Here he was visited by people from different walks of life—judges, doctors, teachers, learned monks, and householders for spiritual instructions. At Varanasi In October 1912 Adbhutananda left Balaram's hose for Varanasi, never to return again. Here he first stayed at Ramakrishna Advaita Ashrama and later at different locations. As was characteristic of him, he was so often absorbed in meditation that he rarely had fixed time for meals. In Varanasi, he continued to teach and people visited him for spiritual instructions. Last days During his last days, according to his devotees, Adbhutananda seemed to be gradually withdrawing from the world. He spoke occasionally with people, and when he spoke it was generally of spiritual matters. As reported by this disciples, his body, which had once been remarkably strong, had been gradually weakened by age and years of intense spiritual disciplines and his indifference towards the physical world. During the last few years he suffered from diabetes and minor physical ailments. During the last year of his life he developed a blister on this leg, which developed into gangrene. He was visited by his brother disciples—Turiyananda and Saradananda. Eventually the gangrene worsened and the doctors operated several times on successive days, but were unsuccessful. Adbhutananda died in the holy city of Varanasi at 12:10 p.m on Saturday, 24 April 1920. Regarding his death, Turiyananda wrote in a letter to Josephine MacLeod, an American devotee of Vivekananda, "He showed no signs of pain during his illness. But the wonder of all wonders was that after this death when his body was placed in a sitting position to conform with some of the funeral rites, we found him looking so beautiful, so serene, so full of peace and bliss. His face beamed with light and an intelligence unspeakable, as if he were taking leave from his friends for the last time with an exhortation of affectionate benediction." Teachings and sayings Adbhutananda, being illiterate, did not write any books; his teachings and discourses have been recorded by his disciples and devotees. Swami Adbhutananda taught that "the true being in man is ever free, ever pure, and remains ever untouched by good or evil. Good and evil have no absolute reality. They exist only so long as man identifies himself with the ego, the false self. When the ego is completely annihilated, man is freed from the false knowledge of duality or relativity--of good and evil." His other teachings were, What is the use of prayer and meditation if there is no dependence on Him? Everything else is useless if this is lacking. It is a great sin to find fault with others. Those who do never do a good act themselves, who easily see defects in others and energetically spread rumors. It is better to continue calling on the Lord devotedly than to know, speak, and preach thousand and one religious cants and shibboleths. Notes Further reading External links Spiritual Talks of Swami Adbhutananda Swami Adbhutananda Biography Articles by Adbhutananda 1920 deaths 19th-century Hindu religious leaders 20th-century Hindu religious leaders Advaitin philosophers 20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians Hindu reformers Indian Hindu monks Indian memoirists Indian Hindu missionaries Monks of the Ramakrishna Mission Year of birth missing

20460866

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buntingville%2C%20California

Buntingville, California

Buntingville is an unincorporated community in Lassen County, California. It is located southwest of Litchfield, at an elevation of 4091 feet (1247 m). It is located just northwest of Honey Lake. Buntingville is the southern terminus of County Route A3 (Standish Buntingville Road) at its junction with U.S. 395. A.J. Bunting opened a general store at the site in 1878. A post office operated in Buntingville from 1883 to 1884, from 1899 to 1907, and from 1915 to 1920. References External links Buntingville on california.hometownlocator.com Unincorporated communities in California Unincorporated communities in Lassen County, California

20460867

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takahiro%20Mori

Takahiro Mori

is a retired male medley swimmer from Japan. He represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. He is best known for winning three gold medals at the Summer Universiade. References sports-reference 1980 births Living people Japanese male medley swimmers Olympic swimmers of Japan Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Kumamoto Prefecture Asian Games medalists in swimming Swimmers at the 1998 Asian Games Swimmers at the 2002 Asian Games Asian Games gold medalists for Japan Asian Games silver medalists for Japan Universiade medalists in swimming Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games Universiade gold medalists for Japan Universiade bronze medalists for Japan Medalists at the 1999 Summer Universiade Medalists at the 2001 Summer Universiade Medalists at the 2003 Summer Universiade 21st-century Japanese people

20460907

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton%20Glasgow

Hilton Glasgow

The Hilton Glasgow is a 20-storey hotel in Glasgow, Scotland. It is located in Anderston, from Glasgow Airport, three blocks away from Glasgow city centre, and close to the M8 Motorway. It opened on 30 November 1992. Background and construction Construction of the hotel began in 1990. It stands on a site within the Anderston Commercial Zone, an area cleared during the 1960s and designated by the then Glasgow Corporation for "comprehensive development". Originally the land was earmarked for the second phase of the Anderston Centre complex (early plans show that a public housing tower was planned for the spot where the hotel stands); however, this was abandoned, and the site lay derelict until the late 1980s. As well as being Hilton's first foray into Glasgow (it later took over the prestigious Stakis Grosvenor in the city's West End, and a third hotel was added to the portfolio in Finnieston), the hotel was notable for being the first high-rise building over 20 storeys to be constructed in Glasgow since its tower block building boom of the 1960s and early 1970s. The hotel has the largest banqueting hall in the city. Famous guests The hotel is notable for having accommodated many celebrities, including the former United States President Bill Clinton. The local actor and comedian Billy Connolly is also a regular guest, and was born a few streets away in the (now demolished) tenements of Anderston. When American boxer Mike Tyson had a match at nearby Hampden Park, he booked 150 rooms for himself and his entourage. Hollywood actor Robert Duvall also stayed in one of the hotel's luxury suites for several weeks during filming of the movie A Shot at Glory, which was shot in and around the city. Award ceremonies The Hilton Glasgow has hosted many award ceremonies. Some notable events include: 2014 Commonwealth Games – They were held in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August 2014 and were the largest multi-sport event ever in Scotland, involving 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports. It was the third time the Commonwealth Games had been held in Scotland, and the 2014 Games were notable for the successes of the Home Nations of the United Kingdom, with England, Wales and hosts Scotland achieving their largest ever gold medal hauls and overall medal hauls at a Commonwealth Games. 2014 Ryder Cup for the 2014 Scottish Golf Awards – It is one of the biggest sporting events in the world and it was the first time in more than 40 years that the tournament had been staged in Scotland. See also List of tallest buildings and structures in Glasgow References External links Official website Hotels in Glasgow Glasgow Skyscrapers in Glasgow Skyscraper hotels in the United Kingdom Hotels established in 1992 Hotel buildings completed in 1992

20460918

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20a%20Celebrity...Get%20Me%20Out%20of%20Here%21%20%28British%20series%204%29

I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British series 4)

The fourth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! began on 21 November 2004 and ended on 6 December 2004. The programme ran for 16 days, one more than in the previous series (18 days if counting the day the celebrities arrived and the morning the finalists exited). The series was won by comedian Joe Pasquale, with Paul Burrell narrowly coming second by a 2% margin. Contestants 11 contestants participated, one more than in the previous two series. Results and elimination Indicates that the celebrity was immune from the vote Indicates that the celebrity received the most votes from the public Indicates that the celebrity received the fewest votes and was eliminated immediately (no bottom two) Indicates that the celebrity was named as being in the bottom two Bushtucker Trials The contestants take part in daily trials to earn food. The public voted for who they wanted to face the trial The contestants decided who did which trial The trial was compulsory and neither the public or celebrities decided who took part Notes Natalie Appleton was initially selected to take part in this trial, but walked out before this and was replaced by Sheila Ferguson. This trial was previously competed 4 days ago. This trial was previously competed last series. Star count Daily summary Day 1 On the day the celebrities arrived, they were split into two groups after making an initial journey to the jungle by helicopter, making this the first time ever that two different arrival routes were used. The 'Air and Water' group consisted of Paul Burrell, Fran Cosgrave, Joe Pasquale and Nancy Sorrell. Initially, Janet Street Porter was to be part of this group instead of Paul but they were swapped around at the last minute. Also Brian Harvey was meant to be part of this group but could not following the death of his grandmother. The remaining four members skydived into the jungle before enduring a five-hour hike to the camp. The 'Earth and Fire' group consisted of Sophie Anderton, Natalie Appleton, Antonio Fargas, Sheila Ferguson and Janet Street Porter. Initially, Paul Burrell was to be part of this group instead of Janet but they were swapped around at the last minute. These five celebrities took on a four-hour trek to the camp by horseback. Day 2 The first bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Stake Out' and was contested by Fran Cosgrave, Joe Pasquale and Antonio Fargas. They won four stars. Day 3 The second bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Canopy Calamity' and was contested by Natalie Appleton. She won seven stars. Day 4 The third bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Snake Strike' and was contested by Janet Street Porter. She won nine stars. The first Celebrity Chest of the series was also held and was done by Paul Burrell and Joe Pasquale. Day 5 The fourth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'House of Pies' and was contested by Brian Harvey. He won two stars. Brian later mentioned it was the worst experience of his life. When dinner was delivered that evening, it was brought along with Vic Reeves, making this the first time a celebrity has entered later than the first day. Day 6 The fifth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Temple of Doom' and was contested by Paul Burrell. Paul had been shortlisted for the previous four trials. He won six stars. In camp, tensions finally boiled over between Sophie Anderton and Natalie Appleton after the latter had refused to help build a treehouse the previous day in preparation for Vic Reeves' arrival. Day 7 The sixth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Leap of Faith'. It was broadcast live and was contested by Natalie Appleton. She won two stars, quitting early on complaining of feeling sick. Brian Harvey walked out that evening following a massive spat at dinner with Janet Street Porter. "You're cooking dinner! You're f**king over there, I'm over there (points away). Don't keep f**king having a go at me about farting!...Just because you think it's wrong doesn't mean everyone else thinks it's wrong. I'm farting because I need to f**king fart, because all I've eaten is f**king beans!... I take it very personal because you know that there's 16 million people watching!" Brian Harvey's argument speech to Janet Day 8 The seventh bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Snap'. and was contested by Sophie Anderton and Natalie Appleton. They won a pasty bap and chips. Day 9 The eighth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Slither River' and was contested by Natalie Appleton. She won five stars, again pulling out a comb complaining of tiredness, fear and weakness. Day 10 Shortly after the public result of the next bushtucker trial vote was announced. Natalie Appleton finally threw in the towel and walked out after having been nominated. The day's trial still went ahead, titled 'On Your Knees' and was contested by Sheila Ferguson, by virtue of having polled the next highest number of votes. She won six stars. Day 11 Despite Natalie's departure, the live eviction still went ahead and Nancy Sorrell was eliminated. The tenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hell-O-Copter'. Dubbed as the most dramatic and expensive trial ever staged, it was contested by Joe Pasquale. He won eight stars, the first time this series a celebrity won the maximum. Day 12 Vic Reeves was the second celebrity to be eliminated. In his exited he said that if he had not left today, he would have pole-vaulted out of the jungle using his giant key (Reeves had kept it as a souvenir after it was used in a celebrity chest he took part in). The eleventh bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Fill Your Face' and was contested by Antonio Fargas. He won four stars. After the trial ended, he famously bluffed his words and said "There's a celebrity in my ear!". He meant to say there was a creature in his ear. Day 13 Sheila Ferguson was the third celebrity to be eliminated. The twelfth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Slither River 2' and was contested by Fran Cosgrave. This was previously attempted by Natalie four days ago. He won three stars. Day 14 Antonio Fargas was the fourth celebrity to be eliminated. The thirteenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hump It!' and was contested by Sophie Anderton and Janet Street Porter. They won three stars. Day 15 Sophie Anderton was the fifth celebrity to be eliminated. The fourteenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hell Holes' and was contested by Paul Burrell. He won all four stars. Fans of the show have labelled this as one of the most entertaining trials of all series, thanks to Paul's constant screaming and loathing. Day 16 No celebrity was eliminated from camp today, to make up for Natalie's walkout earlier in the week. The fifteenth bushtucker trial of the series was titled 'Hell Hill 2' and was contested by all four remaining celebrities. This trial was previously at this stage in the last series. Three stars were won. Day 17 Janet Street Porter was the sixth celebrity to be eliminated. This meant Paul Burrell, Fran Cosgrave and Joe Pasquale would contest the final. All three remaining celebs participated in one bushtucker trial each today, to win a fully prepared three course meal for dinner. Fran Cosgrave contested in 'Eel Helmet' for the starter course. Paul Burrell contested in 'Bushtucker Bonanza' for the main course and Joe Pasquale contested in 'Danger Down Under' for the dessert course. Each of them won the maximum of five stars. Day 18 Joe Pasquale was crowned 'King of the Jungle' in the final vote. Paul Burrell was second and Fran Cosgrave was third. Ratings All ratings are taken from the UK Programme Ratings website, BARB. References 2004 British television seasons 04

20460930

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasher%20%28surname%29

Kasher (surname)

Kasher (hebrew: כשר) is a Hebrew surname meaning "fit" and in the common context, fit for consumption by Jews according to traditional Jewish law. It may refer to: Tim Kasher - an American musician Aryeh Kasher - an Israeli history emeritus professor Asa Kasher - an Israeli philosopher and linguist Menachem Mendel Kasher - a Polish-born rabbi Moshe Kasher - American comedian and actor Joe Kasher - English footballer Hebrew-language surnames Jewish surnames

20460948

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Vigilant

HMAS Vigilant

HMAS Vigilant (later known as HMAS Sleuth and HMAS Hawk) was an auxiliary patrol boat serving with the Royal Australian Navy during the Second World War. Notably it was the 120th ship built by the Cockatoo Island Dockyard and the first aluminium ship built in Australia. History PV Vigilant was a prototype ship designed and built at Cockatoo Island Dockyard in 1937–38. The hull and wheelhouse were constructed entirely of aluminium to save weight. As a result, the ship had a total displacement of only 106 tons. It was built for the Department of Trade and Customs, intended for use patrolling waters to the north of Australia in conjunction with the Kuru. It was initially based at Townsville. Naval service The ship was still undergoing sea trials when it was requisitioned by the Royal Australian Navy in October 1940, commissioning as HMAS Vigilant on 12 November 1940. It was classed as an auxiliary patrol vessel. It was initially equipped with a 3-pounder QF gun but this was replaced with a 20 mm Oerlikon. As well as the mounted gun, it carried a variety of light arms including a Bren light machine gun. Vigilant was transferred to Darwin, Northern Territory in 1941 and was used for protecting the harbour approaches. During the Bombing of Darwin, Vigilant engaged some of the attacking aircraft with its 20 mm Oerlikon and later assisted in picking up survivors from the water in Darwin Harbour. Vigilant, with a hold capacity of 7 tons, played an important role in the Battle of Timor from May 1942 and made several supply trips to the island. During one of these supply voyages, it assisted in the search for survivors from HMAS Armidale. During this time, it also resupplied corvettes operating in the Timor Sea with depth charges. HMAS Vigilant was renamed HMAS Sleuth on 17 April 1944 and HMAS Hawk on 13 March 1945. Hawk was paid off on 12 November 1945. Post-war service After the war, the ship was returned to the Department of Trade and Customs as PV Vigilant, and served as a whaling patrol ship off Western Australia until 1965. Despite attempts to save the ship for preservation, it was scuttled off Sydney in April 1966. Legacy Vigilant Close in Bentley Park, Queensland is named after HMAS Vigilant. Following an overhaul of the RAN battle honours system, completed in March 2010, the RAN decided that, in recognition of the vessel's wartime service, future ships named HMAS Vigilant would be entitled to carry the honours "Darwin 1942–43" and "Pacific 1942–43". Gallery References Patrol vessels of the Royal Australian Navy 1938 ships Scuttled vessels of New South Wales

20460996

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFC%20Lokomotiv%20Stara%20Zagora

PFC Lokomotiv Stara Zagora

FC Lokomotiv Stara Zagora is a Bulgarian football club from Stara Zagora, founded in April 1934 as ZHSK (ЖСК). The club currently competes in the fourth tier of Bulgarian football, A RFG Stara Zagora. FC Lokomotiv is the second celebrity football team from Stara Zagora. Its best achievement has been participating in the "B" group of football, the second tier of Bulgarian football. History Lokomotiv was founded in April 1934. It was named ZHSK until 1946, then Lokomotiv from 1946 to 1949, Energy in 1949, Torpedo from 1949 to 1950 and again from 1951 to Lokomotiv in 1959. In 1952. the team was steps away from entry into the "A" group. Lokomotiv was in the forehead on the "B" group (the elite come in the first five). After a 22-day round Lokomotiv is idvaden of primacy with Torpedo (Rousse). The reason – an incident with the audience during the game near the Danube. In 1959 Village Lokomotiv and Botev are united under the name Beroe. Although the organizational structure of entering Beroe, zheleznicharite retain their identity. In the summer of 1998, and with the participation of people from the Chairman of the Lokomotiv players and Askent from Gurkovo is formed Beroe 2000 (Stara Zagora). Along with Lokomotiv and Askent continue to exist. Two years later Beroe 2000, which in mid-1999 moved its headquarters and plays in Kazanlak, merged with "Lokomotiv Stara Zagora". In early July 2004. zheleznicharite merged with another local team – Union Beroe (Stara Zagora), founded in August 2000. Lokomotiv has 12 participations in the "B" group. Coach of the team of 2005 is the legendary Botev Plovdiv – Petar Zehtinski – Ziko. Successes 8-th place in the National Championships in 1937 2-nd place in the South-east "B" group in 1956 3-rd place in the South-east "B" group in 1954 and 1955 6-th place in South "B" group in 1967 7-th place in South "B" group in 1958 8-th place in "B" group in 1951 * 15 holdings in "B" group. 1/16-final participant for the National Cup in 1968/69 (then the Soviet Army Cup) and 2004/05 First-team squad External links Official site Defunct football clubs in Bulgaria Lokomotiv Lokomotiv Stara Zagora 1934 establishments in Bulgaria Association football clubs disestablished in 2009 2009 disestablishments in Bulgaria

20461011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right%20to%20Dream

Right to Dream

"Right to Dream" is a song from the film Tennessee. It was written by Mariah Carey and Willie Nelson, and released as a single on October 20, 2008 by Island Def Jam. Background Deconstructing her songwriting process, Carey explains: "It was a different experience from an album project. I was very close to the story and in particular my character's struggle, so it made it easier for me as a writer. I just began channeling Krystal's pain and hope." "The song is basically a three-act play and chronicles the evolution of Krystal," says Carey. "I was humming different melodies while I was on the set and stuff," Carey says. "I was just thinking that Willie Nelson would be somebody fabulous to collaborate with. I reached out to him, and we met after one of his concerts." The song, says Carey, is from the perspective of her Tennessee character Krystal, an aspiring singer. "The song has its own arc," Carey said. "She begins by telling us where she started, like she lays in bed and wonders where she left herself. A lot of people go through that sort of thing. It's kind of about empowerment." Release The song was released to Adult Contemporary radio on October 20, 2008. It was digitally released in the United States on December 2, 2008. Critical reception When the Los Angeles Times named "Right to Dream" as a contender for the Academy Award for Best Original Song the paper described the song as "restrained elegance, with some light, finger-picked guitar flourishes and a dash of late-night soul." Forty-nine songs from eligible feature-length motion pictures contended for nominations in the Original Song category for the 81st Academy Awards. "Right to Dream" was on the list, but did not make the final nominations. Music video A music video was shot and released to promote the single and the film. It premiered on December 8, 2008. The video features clips from the movie as well as shots of Carey in the studio recording the song. Charts References External links "Right to Dream" at BMI repertoire website 2008 singles Mariah Carey songs Country ballads Songs written by Mariah Carey Songs written by Willie Nelson 2008 songs 2000s ballads Contemporary R&B ballads Pop ballads

20461054

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harualchari%20Union

Harualchari Union

Harualchhari () is a union of Bhujpur Thana, Fatikchhari Upazila of Chittagong District. Geography Area of Harualchhari : . Location North: Bhujpur Union East: Fatikchhari Upazila South: Suabil Union West: Sitakunda Mountain Range Population As of 2011 Bangladesh census, Harualchari Union has a population of 40000. Iqbal Hossain Chowdhury is the current chairman of the union elected consecutively second time in UP election 2016. Villages and mouzas Harualchhari, Lomba Bill, Mohansapara, Koratipara, Borbill, Hazarkill, Porbo Fatickchari Education Uttar Harualchhari Government Primary School Hrualchhari High School.(Present Head Teacher: Mohammad Kamrul Haider). Gawsia Rahmania Sunnia Madrasha Middle Harualchhari Govt. Primary School Middle Fatickchhari (Mohansah Para) Govt. Primary School Porbo Fatickchari Government primary school References Unions of Bhujpur Thana

20461063

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borys%20Chambul

Borys Chambul

Borys Chambul (born February 17, 1953) is a retired discus thrower, who represented Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal in the men's discus throw event at the 1978 Commonwealth Games. References 1953 births Living people Canadian male discus throwers Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Pan American Games Pan American Games track and field athletes for Canada Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada Olympic track and field athletes of Canada Athletes from Toronto Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Canadian people of Ukrainian descent

20461085

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie%21

Rosie!

Rosie! is a 1967 American comedy film directed by David Lowell Rich, based on Ruth Gordon's play A Very Rich Woman. Plot Rosie Lord is a widowed millionaire who, much to the dismay of her daughters Mildred and Edith, spends her money generously. When she announces she intends to buy a $2.5 million closed theater in a run-down part of Los Angeles, because it is the location where her late husband proposed to her and it is now threatened to be turned into a parking lot, her daughters decide that they have had enough. Edith and her husband Cabot complain that they are only granted $100,000 a year, and work together with cold-hearted and recently divorced Mildred to discourage Rosie from buying the theater. They are unable to convince her and her legal advisor Oliver to let them take care of her money, and thus decide to try to declare her incompetent, thereby hoping to put her in an insane asylum. Edith and Cabot's young daughter Daphne is appalled to overhear the scheme, and vows to help her grandmother. Daphne rushes to Oliver's office, but runs into his much younger associate David Wheelwright, who promises to help her after an emotional conversation. Oliver is upset to find out that one of his workers is taking matters in own hands, and meets with David to hear him out. David advises that they should put someone with Rosie to prevent her from doing anything outrageous, because their daughters are sending a private investigator to the case. Oliver takes his advice, but sends him on the job. David reluctantly starts the job, but is quickly drawn to Rosie's extraverted personality. Simultaneously, he goes on a few romantic dates with Daphne and they fall in love. After attending a piano recital, Rosie is abducted by two men, and later awakens in a locked rest home for the mentally unstable in the Santa Monica mountains. Rosie is heartbroken to learn that her daughters committed her to a sanitarium, and rejects an offer from Cabot to sign the papers for her release in exchange for making them responsible of her finances. He assures her that they can keep her in the sanitarium indefinitely if she does not obey their wishes, prompting Rosie to reconsider. Meanwhile, Daphne finds out what has happened, and furiously leaves the home, despite her mother's plea not to leave her. With the help of Oliver and David, Daphne enters the rest home and breaks Rosie out. Rosie, who cannot believe what her own daughters did to her, is next sued in court. Mildred and Edith's lawyer puts Rosie's sanity at debate, and Rosie is ready to announce her defeat during the process. Daphne and Oliver console her during the trial, and when Oliver announces his love for her, Rosie decides to fight again. She faints in court and pretends to be dying, to get her daughters to admit that she is sane (in order for Rosie to change her will just before dying). The case is thereby dismissed and Rosie is now free to marry Oliver. Cast Rosalind Russell as Rosie Lord Sandra Dee as Daphne Shaw Brian Aherne as Oliver Stevenson James Farentino as David Wheelwright Audrey Meadows as Mildred Deever Vanessa Brown as Edith Shaw Leslie Nielsen as Cabot Shaw Margaret Hamilton as Mae Reginald Owen as Patrick Juanita Moore as Nurse Virginia Grey as Mrs. Peters Dean Harens as Willetts Doris Lloyd as Sedalia Reception Writing in The New York Times, critic Howard Thompson called the film "a tasteless brew of comedy, pathos and grim drama...This one is downright embarrassing." He ended his review by writing "This is one 'Rosie!' the petals fall off and the thorns take over." See also List of American films of 1967 References External links Moviefone's Rosie Page 1967 films 1967 comedy films American comedy films American films based on plays Films based on multiple works Films directed by David Lowell Rich Films produced by Ross Hunter Films scored by Lyn Murray Films set in Los Angeles Universal Pictures films 1960s English-language films 1960s American films

20461087

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Land%20of%20Heart%27s%20Desire

The Land of Heart's Desire

The Land of Heart's Desire is a play by Irish poet, dramatist, and 1923 Nobel laureate William Butler Yeats. First performed in the spring of 1894, at the Avenue Theatre in London, where it ran for a little over six weeks, it was the first professional performance of one of Yeats' plays. Summary In this theatrical lament on age and thwarted aspirations, a faery child encounters the newlyweds Shawn and Mary Bruin at their home, shared with Maurteen Bruin and Bridget Bruin, Shawn's parents. The child, who at first is thought of by the Bruins as of gentle birth, denounces God and shocks Father Hart. She expounds on the ephemeral nature of life, in a bid to entice the newly-wed Maire to leave with her to the world of faery: You shall go with me, newly-married bride, And gaze upon a merrier multitude. White-armed Nuala, Aengus of the Birds, Feacra of the hurtling foam, and him Who is the ruler of the Western Host, Finvarra, and their Land of Heart's Desire, Where beauty has no ebb, decay no flood, But joy is wisdom, Time an endless song. I kiss you and the world begins to fade. Shawn implores the previously listless Maire to remain in the real world, but she dies in his arms, surrendering herself to the laughter and eternal, youthful dance of the otherworld, and to the seductive draw of immortality and mindless joy. Characters Maurteen Bruin Shawn Bruin Father Hart Bridget Bruin Maire Bruin A Faery Child Influence The play's title is included on the Coat of Arms of County Sligo, Ireland; where the play is set. The county featured in many of his earlier works and, in accordance with his wishes, Yeats was re-buried in 1948 at Drumcliff, a village overlooked by Ben Bulben. The title of the album Like a Flame by Frederik Magle is derived from a quote from The Land of Heart's Desire. References External links Full text of The Land of Heart's Desire on the Internet Archive Synopsis of The Land of Heart's Desire from Alice Fort and Herbert Kates, Minute History of the Drama, 1935, p. 117. Plays by W. B. Yeats 1894 plays

17324677

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Scottish%20Football%20League%20clubs

List of Scottish Football League clubs

The Scottish Football League ("SFL") was established in 1890, initially as an amateur league as professionalism had not been legalised in Scottish football. In 1893 a Second Division was formed, with the existing single division renamed the First Division. The Second Division was discontinued during the First World War but revived in 1921. A Third Division was added in 1923 but collapsed three years later as a number of its member clubs found themselves unable to complete their fixtures for financial reasons, with many folding altogether. After the Second World War the divisions were rebranded as Division A and Division B and a Division C was added. This included a mixture of new member clubs and the reserve teams of clubs from the higher divisions, but this division was dropped in 1955. A major re-organisation of the SFL in 1975 led to the existing two divisions being split into three smaller divisions, with a new Premier Division at the highest level. This structure remained in place until 1998, when the teams then in the Premier Division broke away to form the Scottish Premier League, which supplanted the Premier Division as the highest level of football in Scotland. In 2013 the two leagues merged to form the new Scottish Professional Football League, ending the 123-year existence of the SFL. For the whole history of the SFL, there was no mechanism in place for club(s) at the bottom of the league to be relegated. A number of clubs who resigned or were expelled from the SFL went on to play in non-league football, either in senior leagues such as the East of Scotland Football League or in leagues governed by the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA). Whenever a club left the league (for example, when Gretna was liquidated in 2008), a new club was elected in its place. This closed-shop system was changed soon after the leagues merged, when a play-off between the bottom-placed SPFL club and the winner of a play-off between the Highland League and Lowland League champions was introduced in 2015. Edinburgh City became the first club to be promoted to the SPFL when they won a playoff against East Stirlingshire in 2016. Clubs The tables show the first and last seasons in which each club competed in the league. Some clubs' membership was intermittent between their first and last seasons. Clubs shown in bold were among the founder members of the league. Where a former club has become defunct, any phoenix club formed as a successor side is noted. Former member clubs currently playing in the SPFL Other former member clubs See also List of Scottish Professional Football League clubs Timeline of Scottish football Notes References Former Scottish Scottish former Clubs

20461108

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Hawk

HMAS Hawk

Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Hawk: HMAS Hawk, formerly , an auxiliary patrol boat commissioned in 1940 and operating under the Hawk name from March until November 1945, when she was decommissioned , formerly HMS Gamston and HMS Somerlyton, was commissioned into the RAN in 1961, and decommissioned in 1972 Battle honours Ships named HMAS Hawk are entitled to carry a single battle honour: Malaysia 1964–66 See also , several ships of the Royal Navy , several ships of the United States Navy References Royal Australian Navy ship names

20461116

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B8belringen%20Cup%202008

Møbelringen Cup 2008

Møbelringen Cup 2008 was held in Norway, in the cities of Oslo, Gjøvik and Lillestrøm. The tournament started on 21 November and finished on 23 November 2008. Norway won the event by winning all their matches. Results All times are Central European Time (UTC+1) All-Star Team Goalkeeper: Left Wing: Back Player: Back Player: Back Player: Right Wing: Line Player: References Official Site 2008 in handball 2008 2008 in Norwegian sport

17324689

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houstonia%20longifolia

Houstonia longifolia

Houstonia longifolia, commonly known as long-leaved bluet or longleaf summer bluet, is a perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae. It can be found throughout most of the Eastern United States and Canada. It has been reported from every state east of the Mississippi River except Delaware, plus North Dakota, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma, with isolated populations in Kansas and Texas. Also, all Canadian provinces from Quebec to Alberta. It prefers upland woods in poor, dry, often sandy soil. Description It has upright stalks of or sometimes taller, rising from a basal rosette of leaves. The stalks are slender and branching, with small white flowers with 4 petals. The basal rosette of leaves withers away before the flowers bloom, and opposite leaves appear at intervals along the stems. Flowers bloom for about a month in late spring and summer. It prefers full or partial shade and dry or mesic conditions. Varieties Two varieties are recognized: Houstonia longifolia var. longifolia - From Georgia and Arkansas north to Canada Houstonia longifolia var. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Alph.Wood. - Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia References External links USDA PLANTS Profile Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, isotype of Houstonia longifolia Longifolia Flora of the Eastern United States Flora of the United States Flora of Alberta Flora of Manitoba Flora of Quebec Flora of Ontario Flora of Saskatchewan Plants described in 1788 Flora without expected TNC conservation status

17324695

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee%20for%20Culture%2C%20Arts%20and%20Leisure

Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure

The Committee for Culture, Arts and Leisure was established to advise and assist the Minister for Culture, Arts and Leisure, on matters within his responsibility as a minister. The committee undertook a scrutiny, policy development and consultation role with respect to the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and played a key role in the consideration and development of legislation. The committee was abolished in 2016 because the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure was closed and its mandate was transferred to other departments. Membership Membership before DCAL's closure: See also Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure References External links Committee of Culture, Arts and Leisure Northern Ireland Assembly

17324702

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20W

No W

"No W" is a single by industrial metal band Ministry. The song was the first single from their 2004 album, Houses of the Molé. Versions Another version of this song appears on later versions of the album. This "redux" version is 2:55 in length, and has all of the samples from Carl Orff's "Carmina Burana" removed. This version of the song is featured on the video games Need for Speed: Underground 2 and Tony Hawk's Underground 2; though the version featured in the latter retains the George W. Bush speech at the beginning, the former does not. The Redux version also features a guitar solo toward the end which the other does not. Music video The music video features an actor dancing while wearing a crude George W. Bush mask, while Ministry play in a desert with a choir chanting "O Fortuna" in the background. Track listing Personnel Ministry Al Jourgensen – vocals, rhythm guitar, bass, programming Mike Scaccia – lead guitar Additional musicians Rey Washam – drums 2004 singles Ministry (band) songs 2004 songs Songs written by Al Jourgensen Cultural depictions of George W. Bush

20461119

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Coy

Eric Coy

Eric Eaton Coy (May 16, 1914 – October 28, 1985) was a discus thrower and shot putter, who represented Canada at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He finished 23rd in the discus throw event, and his exact result in the shot put is unknown. At the 1938 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the discus throw and the silver medal in the shot put. At the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games he finished ninth in the shot put, aged 39. After retirement from competition, he remained active as a coach in track and field, ice hockey and wrestling, and following his death in 1985 the "Eric E. Coy Memorial Trophy" was donated by his widow, Helen, to be awarded each year to Canada's leading athlete in the four throwing events. The winner for 2006 was the Commonwealth Games hammer silver-medallist and national record-breaker, Jim Steacy. He has an arena in Winnipeg named after him. He was inducted to the Canadian Track and Field Hall of Fame (1963), Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, and Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame (1980). References 1914 births 1985 deaths English emigrants to Canada Canadian male discus throwers Canadian male shot putters Olympic track and field athletes of Canada Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1938 British Empire Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Athletes from Winnipeg Sportspeople from Nottingham

20461161

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques%20Juglas

Jean-Jacques Juglas

Jean-Jacques Juglas (10 June 1904 in Bergerac (Dordogne) – 17 August 1982 in Paris), was a French politician. Positions Minister of Overseas France in the Pierre Mendès France government (20 January 1955 to 23 February 1955) MRP deputy for the Seine (1945-1951) MRP deputy for Lot-et-Garonne (1951-1955) President of the Institut de recherche pour le développement (1960s) References 1904 births 1982 deaths People from Bergerac, Dordogne Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine Popular Republican Movement politicians French Ministers of Overseas France Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945) Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946) Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic French people of the Algerian War

20461176

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20William%20Markall

Francis William Markall

Francis William Markall (24 September 1905 – 9 August 1992) was a Roman Catholic Archbishop. Born in Harringay, Markall was ordained as a Catholic priest at the age of 32 in 1937 and migrated to what was then known as Rhodesia, where he was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Salisbury (now Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1956. He resigned 20 years later on 31 May 1976 as Archbishop of Salisbury. On 29 April 1956, aged 50, he was appointed Titular Archbishop of Cotyaeum and ordained as such five months later, on 8 September 1956. He died on 9 August 1992, aged 86, as Archbishop Emeritus of Salisbury. He was a Council Father at the Second Vatican Council. References People from Harringay People from Harare Second Vatican Council 1905 births 1992 deaths White Rhodesian people Rhodesian Roman Catholic archbishops Roman Catholic archbishops of Harare British expatriate bishops

17324704

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomita%20Park%2C%20California

Lomita Park, California

Lomita Park, California was a small unincorporated community adjacent to San Bruno in San Mateo County, just west of the San Francisco International Airport. It was roughly bounded by San Felipe Avenue, El Camino Real, San Juan Avenue, and the Southern Pacific railroad tracks. The Southern Pacific acquired the original San Francisco to San Jose railroad, which was built in the 1860s. Southern Pacific operated both passenger and freight trains along the route. An interurban railroad ran parallel to the Southern Pacific, from San Francisco to San Mateo. Lomita Park's school children used the interurban trains to go to high school, first at San Mateo High School (from 1902 to 1923) and then at Burlingame High School (from 1923 to 1950). The completion of Capuchino High School in September 1950 enabled Lomita Park children to walk to school. In 1912, El Camino Real was paved through San Bruno and Lomita Park. This was the first paved state highway in California. Originally a two-lane highway, El Camino Real was widened to four lanes in the late 1920s. It was part of the original routing of U.S. Route 101; in the early 1960s, it was designated State Route 82. El Camino Real is now mostly a six-lane highway, running from South San Francisco to San Jose. In 1927, a post office was established in the community with the name "Belmae Park," combining the names of Belle Mae Miggis the first post office lady.]." The name was changed to Lomita Park in 1933. The post office closed in 1957, but postal offices have continued in San Bruno and Millbrae. In 1953, San Bruno annexed the community. Lomita Park had its own Southern Pacific train station and some community services. The community still is identified as the "Lomita Park district" of San Bruno. The Lomita Park Elementary School is just south of the San Bruno city limits and is part of the Millbrae School District. Lomita Park has an elevation of 25 feet. Its location is: Latitude: 373700N, Longitude: 1222412W; Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 37.61667, Longitude: -122.40333. References History of the San Francisco Bay Area Unincorporated communities in San Mateo County, California San Bruno, California Unincorporated communities in California

17324721

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malverde%20%28musician%29

Malverde (musician)

Malverde is an American hip-hop artist. He got his name from Jesús Malverde, the popular Robin Hood character of Mexican folklore. Biography A son of Mexican farm laborers, this Coachella, California native has dedicated himself to study and poetry, first writing lyrics referring to the legendary Jesus Malverde, and then developing raps around street life and culture. Malverde released his first album, Mi Palabra (My Word) in May 2004. In 2007 Malverde received even greater acknowledgement from the music community with hit "Vato," a collaboration with Snoop Dogg, and his album La Leyenda Continua, a release from Universal Music Group and Machete Music. Malverde was signed on as an MTV Tr3s artist where he exposed his fans to the single 'Este Camino.' He attended the University of California Riverside where he joined La Union Estudiantil de la Raza (UER). UER is a Latino organization focused on community service and academics. References American male rappers American musicians of Mexican descent Hispanic and Latino American musicians People from Coachella, California Living people 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American male musicians Year of birth missing (living people)

20461177

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27ll%20Tumble%204%20Ya

I'll Tumble 4 Ya

"I'll Tumble 4 Ya" was a hit single from Culture Club's Platinum-plus debut album Kissing to Be Clever. The 7" single was released only in North America, peaking at #9 in the U.S. and #5 in Canada. In Australia, it was released in September 1983 as a Double A-side single with "Karma Chameleon", peaking at #1 and receiving substantial airplay. With this single, in America, Culture Club was the first band to have three Top 10 singles from a debut album since the Beatles. Much like the group's two prior American hits, this song was aided by a hugely popular MTV music video. Cash Box called the song "an up tempo percussive dance number with none of the overbearing production gimmicks of competing new music groups" and praised the horn parts. Track listing Canada 7" vinyl A. "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" – 2:32 B. "Man Shake" – 2:34 USA 7" vinyl A. "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" – 2:32 B. "Mystery Boy" USA 12" vinyl A. "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (12") – 4:38 B. "Man Shake" – 2:34 Official versions "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (7") – 2:36 "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (U.S. 12" Remix) – 4:38 "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" (VH1 Storytellers Live) Chart positions U.S. Billboard Hot 100: #9 Canadian Singles Charts: #9 U.S. Hot Dance Club Play: #14 U.S. Adult Contemporary: #33 References Culture Club songs 1983 singles 1982 songs Virgin Records singles Songs written by Boy George Songs written by Roy Hay (musician) Songs written by Mikey Craig Songs written by Jon Moss

20461193

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hart%20%28athlete%29

Harry Hart (athlete)

Hendrik Beltsazer Hart (2 September 1905 – 10 November 1979) was a South African athlete who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics. He was born in Harrismith, Orange River Colony, and died in Reitz. In 1932 he finished tenth in the Olympic shot put event, eleventh in the decathlon competition, and twelfth in the discus throw contest. At the 1930 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the discus throw event as well as in the shot put competition. He also won the bronze medal in the javelin throw contest and finished fifth in the 120 yards hurdles event. In the 440 yards hurdles competition he was eliminated in the heats. Four years later at the 1934 Empire Games he won again the gold medal in the discus throw event as well as in the shot put competition. In the javelin throw contest he won the silver medal. Hart was the owner of the Royal Hotel in Reitz, Free State, South Africa. He was friends with Douglas Fairbanks, Errol Flynn, Clark Gable, Johnny Weissmuller and Blackie Swarts (at that time a cowboy actor and later the first president of South Africa). He was offered the part of Tarzan but refused as he had to return home to his farm to practice for the Empire Games. He had a study-trophy room at his hotel where there were hundreds of photographs of himself in the company of the above-mentioned and Esther Williams, Maureen O'Sullivan and others. References External links 1905 births 1979 deaths People from Harrismith South African male discus throwers South African male shot putters South African male javelin throwers South African male hurdlers South African decathletes Olympic athletes of South Africa Athletes (track and field) at the 1932 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1930 British Empire Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1934 British Empire Games Commonwealth Games gold medallists for South Africa Commonwealth Games silver medallists for South Africa Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for South Africa Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics 20th-century South African people

20461198

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standish%2C%20California

Standish, California

Standish is an unincorporated town in Lassen County, California. It is located southwest of Litchfield, at an elevation of . It lies at the northern terminus of County Route A3 (Standish Buntingville Road) on U.S. Route 395. The name honors Miles Standish. History Standish was laid out in 1897, as the second development of the Associated Colonies of New York, whose job was to "create utopian communities in the West". As a part of this project, Standish was designed based on the beliefs of Myles Standish, and the economic structure was designed based on the ideas promoted by LDS leader Brigham Young. The design of the town was supposed to model European communities which had the majority of residents leaving the village during the day in order to work in the nearby fields. When the town was built, it was expected that most of the residents would be farmers with houses separated by at least one hundred feet. In autumn 1897, the Associated Colonies purchased the properties of Edward T. Purser and his Susan River Irrigation system. Afterwards, the Associated Colonies recruited local people to form the Honey Lake Valley Colonial Club, which would go on to design the Standish Colony. A site was chosen to build the town on February 5, 1898. It was on February 18, 1898, that the Colonial Irrigation Company of the Honey Lake Valley was incorporated in order to irrigate water for the crops. However, legal problems with the system and water rights caused delay in its operation and the development of Standish; after several legal battles, the courts placed restraints on their irrigation rights. On January 14, 1905, the courts finally ordered the auction of the Colonial Irrigation Company. The post office opened in 1899, having been transferred from Datura. Points of interest Standish School On January 5, 1906, the school district was created. However, its existence was relatively brief; on July 1, 1951, the school district was consolidated with the Bridgeport, Soldier Bridge school district to form the Shaffer Union School District. Then school was then closed. Standish Hall is a registered historic place. Climate This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above . According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Standish has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. See also W. E. Smythe, founder of the town References Unincorporated communities in California Unincorporated communities in Lassen County, California

20461205

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Devins%20%28Sinn%20F%C3%A9in%20politician%29

James Devins (Sinn Féin politician)

James Devins (1873 – 20 September 1922) was an Irish Sinn Féin politician. He was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the 2nd Dáil at the 1921 elections for the Sligo–Mayo East constituency. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty and voted against it. He was re-elected as an anti-Treaty Sinn Féin TD to the 3rd Dáil at the 1922 general election. His death in September 1922 "at the hands of former comrades", would indicate that he was a casualty of the Irish Civil War. He was executed without trial with five other comrades who had all surrendered to the Free State troops. His grandson Jimmy Devins also served as a Fianna Fáil TD for Sligo–North Leitrim from 2002 to 2011. See also Families in the Oireachtas References 1873 births 1922 deaths Early Sinn Féin TDs Members of the 2nd Dáil Members of the 3rd Dáil Politicians from County Sligo Politicians from County Mayo

17324736

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Awfully%20Big%20Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure

An Awfully Big Adventure is a 1995 British coming-of-age film directed by Mike Newell. The story concerns a teenage girl who joins a local repertory theatre troupe in Liverpool. During a winter production of Peter Pan, the play quickly turns into a dark metaphor for youth as she becomes drawn into a web of sexual politics and intrigue. The title is an ironic nod to the original Peter Pan story, in which Peter says, "To die will be an awfully big adventure." Set in 1947, the film was adapted from the Booker Prize-nominated 1989 novel of the same name by Beryl Bainbridge. Plot In the film's prologue, a hotelier ushers a child into a bomb shelter during the Liverpool Blitz. We see a brief flashback to a woman leaving her baby in a basement surrounded by flickering candles. Before departing from the house, she quickly drops a string of pearls on the child's pillow, twined around a single rose. Years later, 16-year-old Stella Bradshaw lives in a working class household with her Uncle Vernon and Aunt Lily in Liverpool. Lacking an adult in her life to whom she feels close, she frequently goes into phone booths to "speak with her mother", who never appears in the film. Her uncle, who sees a theatrical career as being her only alternative to working behind the counter at Woolworth's, signs her up for speech lessons and pulls strings to get her involved at a local repertory theatre. After an unsuccessful audition, Stella gets a job gofering for Meredith Potter, the troupe's sleazy, eccentric director, and Bunny, his faithful stage manager. The impressionable Stella develops a crush on the worldly, self-absorbed Meredith, whose homosexuality completely eludes her. Amused, he gives her the small role of Ptolemy the boy-king in Caesar and Cleopatra but ignores her otherwise. Meredith reveals himself to be an amoral, apathetic man who treats Stella and everyone else around him with scorn and condescension. He reserves his greatest cruelty for Dawn Allenby, a desperate older actress whom he callously dismisses from the company; she later attempts suicide. Meredith also has a long history of preying upon young men. Stella is quickly caught up in the backstage intrigue and also becomes an object of sexual advances from men in and around the theatre company, including P. L. O'Hara (Alan Rickman), a brilliant actor who has returned to the troupe in a stint playing Captain Hook for its Christmas production of Peter Pan. In keeping with theatrical tradition, O'Hara also doubles as Mr. Darling. O'Hara carries himself with grace and charisma, but privately is as troubled and disillusioned as the other members of the cast. Haunted by his wartime experiences and a lost love who he believes bore him a son, O'Hara embarks on an affair with Stella, to whom he feels an inexplicably deep emotional connection. Stella, who is still determined to win over Meredith, remains emotionally detached, but takes advantage of O'Hara's affections, seeing an opportunity to gain sexual experience. The last straw for Stella is during a cast outing when Geoffrey, a fellow teenage stagehand whom Potter has been sexually toying with, bursts out and hits him in the nose. The cast rushes to comfort Geoffrey, but Stella exclaims that he ought to be sacked. O'Hara explains to her that Meredith has spent his life harming people like Geoffrey and causing pain to people like Bunny who really love him: "believe it or not, it doesn't much matter him or her, old or young to Meredith. What he wants is hearts." Concerned, O'Hara visits her aunt and uncle, who disclose Stella's history. He finds out that Stella's long-missing mother was his lost love, whom he then knew by the nickname Stella Maris, making Stella ⁠— whom he's been sleeping with ⁠— his child, a daughter rather than the son he had imagined. Keeping his discovery to himself, O'Hara gets on his motorcycle and drives back out to the seaport. Distracted by his new findings, he slips on a wet gangplank, hits his head, and is pitched into the water. Before he drowns, he sees the woman from earlier flashbacks, clutching the infant. Stella is later seen hastening to the phone booth to confide her woes over the phone. The absent Stella Maris had years ago won a nationwide contest to be the voice of the speaking clock. It is her recorded voice that provides the only response to her daughter's confidences. Cast Alan Rickman as P.L. O'Hara Hugh Grant as Meredith Potter Georgina Cates as Stella Bradshaw Alun Armstrong as Uncle Vernon Peter Firth as Bunny Carol Drinkwater as Dawn Allenby Rita Tushingham as Aunt Lily Prunella Scales as Rose Lipton Edward Petherbridge as Richard St. Ives Nicola Pagett as Dotty Blundell Clive Merrison as Desmond Fairchild Alan Cox as Geoffrey James Frain as John Harbour Production Georgina Cates, whose real name is Clare Woodgate, was initially declined when she first auditioned for the film. Upon rejection, she dyed her hair red, changed her name and reinvented herself as a teenage girl from Liverpool with no acting experience and applied again. The second time she got the role. Alan Rickman was reportedly miffed when he found out her true age. According to Mike Newell, he "treated her very tactfully, presuming that she was sexually inexperienced and could get upset by the scene." Hugh Grant based his characterization of Meredith on Richard Digby Day, a past director of his from Nottingham Playhouse. Principal photography took place mostly in Dublin; the playhouse in the film was the Olympia Theatre. Soundtrack A soundtrack album was released on 20 June 1995 by Silva Screen Records. In addition to the original film score composed by Richard Hartley, the Irish folk song "The Last Rose of Summer" is used as O'Hara's theme music throughout the film. Release Box office The film did not perform well at the box office, grossing only $593,350 in the United Kingdom and $258,195 in the United States. It grossed $2 million worldwide. However, Georgina Cates received a London Film Critics Circle Award nomination for Best Actress of the Year and Mike Newell was nominated for a Crystal Globe Award for Best Director at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Critical reception On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 40% based on 15 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. Although Rickman and Grant were unanimously praised, many were indifferent to the film's bleak, subtle humor and episodic structure. Lisa Schwartzenbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "Rickman... is the most interesting thing going in this unwieldy muddle... There's a creepy allure to O'Hara, and it is his energy that moves the story along to its unsettling surprise ending." Edward Guthmann of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "This isn't a sentimental slice of British eccentricity, or a gentle glance at amateur theatricals and the oddballs who inhabit them... Instead, it's a sour, unpleasant experience that gives us every reason not to become involved. Newell, who directed Four Weddings with such a light touch and such fondness, leaves the impression here that he doesn't like his characters and doesn't mind if we don't, either." Janet Maslin of The New York Times, however, felt that it captured "Mr. Grant as the clever, versatile character actor he was then becoming, rather than the international dreamboat he is today... [the film] isn't overly concerned with making its stars look good. Mr. Grant wears a monocle, has nicotine-stained fingers and appears in one scene looking dissolute and vomit-stained... As it turns out, a public relations blackout is only the least of this admirable film's problems. Its Liverpool accents are thickly impenetrable. And Ms. Bainbridge's book is elliptical to begin with, which guarantees that some of its fine points will be lost in translation. Mr. Newell directs his actors beautifully, but the screenplay by Charles Wood echoes Ms. Bainbridge in letting important information fly by obliquely. So listen closely. This is a dark, eccentric film that both requires and rewards keen attention." Similarly, Joel Pearce of DVD Verdict commented that "An Awfully Big Adventure is disappointing, but not because it's a bad movie... In fact, it's a good movie that's been the victim of extremely bad marketing... Hugh Grant is at his sleazy, sardonic best... Some elements of the film are too subtle, so it takes a while to figure out what's really going on." Alan Rickman later said that he felt the film suffered comparisons to Four Weddings and a Funeral. Honours Crystal Globe - Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, Czech Republic (nominated) Actress of the Year (Georgina Cates) - London Film Critics Circle (nominated) References External links 1995 films 1995 LGBT-related films British comedy-drama films British coming-of-age films British independent films British LGBT-related films 1990s English-language films Films about actors Films based on British novels Films set in 1947 Films set in Liverpool Films directed by Mike Newell Incest in film Juvenile sexuality in films 1990s British films

20461207

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy%20Smith%20%28bishop%29

Guy Smith (bishop)

Guy Vernon Smith (15 October 188011 June 1957) was an Anglican bishop in the mid-20th century. Smith was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford. Following in the footsteps of his father, a King's Counsel, Smith was called to the Bar in 1905 but then decided on a career move from Law to the Church of England He was ordained in 1907, was a curate in Romford and, from 1909 to 1911, was Chaplain of Oxford House, Bethnal Green. This was 'like a Christian Welfare Society' with 1500 men and 500 boys in clubs, open every night. So began his long association with Arthur Winnington-Ingram, the dynamic Bishop of London. He became Resident Chaplain to the Bishop, and supported the Bishop noted for his jingoistic promotion of British commitment to the Great War. Winnington-Ingram was a renowned preacher who attracted massive publicity, and he toured the Western Front in 1914 with Smith who wrote a book about the visit. Smith himself then served on the Western Front with the Post Office Rifles, distinguishing himself at Bullecourt in June, 1917, winning a Military Cross - the citation for which read: Smith caught trench nephritis and spent six months in hospital in England. He was, however, fit enough to accompany Winnington-Ingram on a tour of Greece, Salonica, Malta and Rome. He ended the War as a chaplain at Aldershot and then took up an appointment as Rector of Hackney. From 1925 to 1929 he was Archdeacon of Colombo but returned to London at the behest of Winnington-Ingram to be Suffragan Bishop of Willesden. He was consecrated a bishop on the Feast of St James 1929 (25 July), at St Paul's Cathedral by Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury. Once again, Smith provided admirable support for Winnington-Ingram whose powers were waning and who did not resign until 1939 when he was in his eighties. The new Bishop of London was Geoffrey Fisher who proposed Smith for the vacant see at Leicester. Although Lang regarded Smith as 'old maidish', he supported Smith's candidature, and Smith was appointed to Leicester in 1940. Smith enjoyed a reputation in Leicester as a 'saintly man', 'with a patient pastoral care and administrative wisdom'. He retired in 1953. He has a commemorative plaque in Leicester Cathedral. References 1880 births People educated at Winchester College Alumni of New College, Oxford Recipients of the Military Cross Archdeacons of Colombo Bishops of Willesden Bishops of Leicester 20th-century Church of England bishops 1957 deaths British Army personnel of World War I Royal Army Chaplains' Department officers World War I chaplains

20461240

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B8belringen%20Cup%202007

Møbelringen Cup 2007

The 2007 Møbelringen Cup was held in Sandefjord, Skien and Drammen, Norway. The tournament started on 23 November 2007 and finished on 25 November. Norway won the event on goal difference ahead of Russia and Denmark. Results 23 November 2007, Sandefjord 24 November 2007, Skien 25 November 2007, Drammen References Official Site Moebelringen Cup 2007 2007 in Norwegian sport

20461254

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20North%20American%20Child%3A%20An%20Odyssey

Native North American Child: An Odyssey

Native North American Child: An Odyssey is a 1974 compilation album released after Buffy Sainte-Marie's departure from Vanguard Records. The compilation runs through the native theme in Sainte-Marie's writing, seen clearly in such songs as "Now That the Buffalo's Gone", "He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo", "Soldier Blue", "My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying" and the title tune. Two tracks, "Isketayo Sewow (Cree Call)" and "Way, Way, Way", are unique to this album and the former reflects an interest in traditional Native American music that she was to expand upon just before her retirement on Sweet America. Track listing All tracks composed by Buffy Sainte-Marie. "Now That the Buffalo's Gone" - 2:50 "Isketayo Sewow (Cree Call)" - 1:18 "He's an Indian Cowboy in the Rodeo" - 2:04 "Poppies" - 3:02 "It's My Way" - 3:36 "Moonshot" - 3:43 "Soldier Blue" - 3:25 "Way, Way, Way" - 1:43 "The Piney Wood Hills" - 3:08 "My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying" - 6:47 "Native North American Child" - 2:13 "Little Wheel Spin and Spin" - 2:23 References Native North American Child: An Odyssey Native North American Child: An Odyssey Albums produced by Jack Nitzsche Albums produced by Norbert Putnam Native North American Child: An Odyssey Native North American Child: An Odyssey

20461263

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIAA

NIAA

NIAA may refer to: National Indigenous Australians Agency, an Australian government agency formed 2019 National Indigenous Arts Awards, Australia Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Association, American intercollegiate athletic conference, 1928–1942 Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association, an association in Nevada, United States Northern Ireland Association of Aeromodellers, an organization in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Northwest Intercollegiate Athletic Association, an amateur athletics federation in the United States, 1902–1914

20461272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20Colban

Erik Colban

Erik Andreas Colban (18 October 1876 – 28 March 1956) was a Norwegian diplomat. Colban had many important roles in Norwegian diplomacy; especially being named to the post of Norwegian Ambassador in London before and during the Second World War. Colban also worked with the League of Nations and the United Nations where Norwegian Trygve Lie served as the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Overview Personal life Colban was a son of Captain Erik Andreas Colban (1841–1900) who was a captain of the Norwegian army. His grandfather Erik Andreas Colban (1760–1828) had been a dean in the districts of Lofoten and Vesterålen. In 1911, Colban was married to Karen Marie Holter. The couple's son, Erik Andreas Colban, entered the diplomatic service and was ambassador as was his father. In 1952, Colban published his memoirs about his career as a diplomat in the book Femti år (Oslo: Aschehoug). Career Colban took his final exams in 1895 and then began studying law. He completed his law degree in 1899. Colban entered the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1905. In 1918, Colban took the position as a director of the Minorities Section at the League of Nations. In 1930, Colban went back to the Norwegian foreign service. Colban served a Norwegian ambassador to Great Britain (1942–1946) representing the Norwegian government during World War II and the Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He led the Norwegian delegation that participated in the preparations for the establishment of the United Nations and participated as a Norwegian delegate in the first general meeting. He was also one of four Norwegian members of the United Nations War Crimes Commission, together with Jacob Aars Rynning, Finn Palmstrøm and Terje Wold. Honors Colban was appointed Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1912, promoted to Commander with Star in 1931 and awarded the Grand Cross in 1946. Additionally, Colban received a number of awards from foreign governments including Commander of the Order of Dannebrog, Commander of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star, holder of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) and was a Grand Officier of the French Legion of Honor. Early life Erik Colban was born in Kristiania on 18 October 1876. As the son of Erik Andreas Colban (1841–1900) who was a Captain in the Army and Caroline Emilie Biermann he was part of a long line of clergy and military men and officials dating back to the pre-1814 Danish-Norwegian Kingdom. In 1911 Erik Colban married Karen Marie Holter and the couple had a son, Erik Andreas Colban, who also entered the diplomatic service and became an ambassador like his father. In 1899 Erik finished his law degree and soon after he became a solicitor for the chief administrative officer in Romsdal. In 1901 Erik was employed as a lawyer for Garup Meidel in Oslo until March 1903 where he began working at the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Trade, Shipping and Industry(Departementet for udenrigske Sager, Handel, Sjøfart og Industri). One of his main areas of interest during this period was the dissolution of the Norwegian union with Sweden. The public discussion in Norway concerned whether or not the dissolution of the union was in line with Norwegian Constitutional Law. Despite his position as a civil servant, Erik publicly criticised the union as a matter of Constitutional Law and instead he claimed that the dissolution had been in violation of international law, and was later asked by Fridtjof Nansen to write an account of the issue. In 1905 he went on to pursue an academic career and went to Paris on a scholarship. Upon his arrival in France he was quickly asked to serve at the Norwegian consulate in Le Havre where he moved in 1906. He returned to Oslo in the fall of 1906 as the head of office responsible for the consulate service. In 1908 he moved to Stockholm and was appointed chargé d'affaires. He carried out his responsibilities in Stockholm until he was offered to move to Rio de Janeiro where he was again appointed chargé d'affaires in 1911. From 1916 to the end of the First World War he assisted Nils Claus Ihlen who was foreign minister of Norway, on how Norway should handle the war in Europe. He traveled back and forth to London where he met with Sir Cyril William Hurcomb and negotiated payment for the ships that Norway provided for Allied forces. During the war he was also very focused on Norway's contribution to foreign affairs in general. Director of the League of Nation's Minorities Section. 1919–1927 Origins of the Minorities Section Colban was fundamental in the development of the League of Nations minorities section. As a consequence of the treaties of the 1919- Paris Peace Conference- the League of Nations found itself responsible for monitoring and defending minority groups across Europe. The irregularity of the League Council's meetings and a sense of minority issues being of minor importance, made these issues increasingly treated by the secretariat itself. At the founding of the League of Nations in 1919, the role of the League Secretariat had been envisioned as purely advisory and administrative – a collection of experts aiding the workings of the council's delegate. However, the administrative personnel of the secretariat would increasingly have to redefine their own roles and responsibilities in the system. Erik Colban, who became the director of the minorities section of the League of Nations and it's 'spiritual father' in 1919, found himself to be a member of an entirely new class of international bureaucrats. Thus, Colban proved to be an instrumental figure in creating and developing the policy on minorities. He created a system which 'was surprisingly able to keep myriad minority problems from tearing Europe apart far sooner. Development of the Minorities Section Through personal interaction and administrative mastery, Colban helped to protect and develop the minorities system. As the League Council initially distanced itself from the responsibility of dealing with minority issues, it gave Colban the liberty to further develop the petition system (as seen below). The Minorities section attempted to develop a practical translation of the unworkable terms of article 12 of the League of Nations. Thus, Colban created a process where minority violations could be addressed through quiet and secret channels. Colban established 1: A formal procedure for receiving and distributing minority petitions 2: A "committee-of-three" system, whereby every petition deemed receivable by the secretariat was examined by an ad hoc group of council members (the acting president + two selected governments) to determine whether a treaty violation had occurred and if it should or should not be reported to the council. The initial system had thrown the minority petitions onto public stage, with little action taken due to intense public scrutiny. Colban's personal interaction with major governmental figures of minority states was an important instrument to the success of the minorities section. By the end of 1924, Colban and members of the Section had travelled to Belgrade, Sofia, Bucharest, Transylvania, Athens, Bulgaria, Budapest, Vienna, and Prague multiple times, and Colban personally spent around six months each year abroad. Furthermore, Colban ensured that his Minorities Section undertook an increasing responsibility for the examination and action upon these petitions. Specifically, the Minorities Section employed detailed evaluation of the "receivability" of petitions. Colban and the Section became instrumental in the formation of and action regarding these petitions, he and his staff became the 'gatekeeper' of the petitions. Challenges to the system from within the League Conflicts between the Minorities Section and the minority states eventually proved inevitable. Complaints from the minority states Poland and Czechoslovakia about floods of propagandistic petitions and accusations of the committees multiplying minority complaints, led to a challenge from several minority states within the League in 1923. The challenging states attempted to wreck Colban's system of Committee-of-three by means of obstruction and proposals for "reform". To avoid endangering League authority, Colban and the secretariat skilfully recalibrated the systems. In September 1923, the council adopted a series of resolutions tightening the rules of receivability of petitions, granting generous extensions to accused governments to prepare their observations and restricting the distribution of all materials to council members alone. Being a beneficial development for minority states and the great powers (putting less pressure in minority states and thus easing tensions in the league), but a decremental development for the minorities themselves, this is an example of the lengths to which Colban was willing to go in order to preserve the system. In spite of an inherent sympathy towards minorities, Colban proved to be a pragmatist by necessity – balancing concerns of the minorities with concerns over European peace required skilful political acrobatics. Minority activists critique of the system As Colban and the League system was bound by the principle of state sovereignty, they not only guarded the minority states' interests and dismissed all but the most politically explosive complaints, they also blocked outside improvement proposals. This approach was severely criticised by minority activists such as professor Gilbert Murray, an Oxford classicist, both for its favouring the interests of the minority states over those of the minorities, and for the secrecy involved in dealing with petitions, leading to suspicions of them disappearing in the swollen bureaucracy. Colban, who defined his task as transforming 30 million individuals into "loyal citizens", was unmoved by this criticism. The effect of Germany upon the Minorities Section On 25 October 1925, Germany supported financially the organization of a European Minorities Congress. The leaders of the Minority Groups from Eastern Europe met in Geneva. Colban did not want, that this gathering changed the functioning of the minority section of the League by reform proposals. As a consequence, he reinforced the publicity about their achievements. James Eric Drummond, the secretary general of the League and Colban found another way of representing the minorities section, which excluded states, minorities and neighbouring states to participate in the decision making that could concern them in one way or the other. This was a compromise in order to gain support from the neighbouring states of Germany and the German government and was advised by Colban. When Germany received its permanent seat at the council in 1926, Colban started tutoring Stresemann on how to attend to minority affairs. He even succeeded in convincing the German delegates to wait a year before participating in the minorities section, until they understood the situation completely. This manoeuvre kept Germany from presenting any questions regarding minorities to the general assembly until 1930. Working with the Germans, Colban managed to convince them that theLeague's system of secret compromise was effective and desirable. No changes were made in the section while Colban was in office. It was only in regards to the petitioners that changes were made, but the changes of the internal structure could not gain approval. When changes to the minorities section were laid for the general assembly later on, Chamberlain opposed the changes and argued it worked properly during Colban's leadership. Late career In his late career, Colban held several important positions working both as an international bureaucrat and as a representative for the Norwegian government. From 1927 to 1930, Colban worked as the director of the disarmament section of the League – disarmament being, Colban though, among the most crucial issues in order to secure peace. On this issue, Colban faced increasing resistance from the Great Powers (in particular Britain and France). In 1930 Colban returned to the Foreign Service as envoy to Paris and Brussels and Luxembourg. He remained in touch, however, with the League of Nation environment and became the Norwegian delegate to the disarmament conference and to the League's annual sessions. Moreover, he was actively engaged in the Manchuria conflict. Colban left the League of Nations in 1934, when he was appointed as envoy to London (Ambassador from 1942). Erik Colban, now an experienced diplomat, belonged to the traditional school of diplomats used to act only on instruction from the government. Following the German invasion of Norway, 9 April 1940, Colban was cut off from communication with the government. Not receiving instructions, Colban was accused of inaction, especially in relation to orders to the merchant fleet. Later, Colban would be involved in setting up the Norwegian Shipping and Trade Mission (Nortraship), a crucial contribution to the Allied War effort. The Norwegian exile-government had much use of Colban's language skills and diplomatic know-how. In 1941 Colban headed the committee drafting the Norwegian-British military agreement, and it was not least thanks to his efforts that Norway reached a very favourable settlement with Britain in 1943. Towards the end of the war, Colban influenced the Norwegian government's decision to support a United Nations dominated by the great powers, and he was appointed the Norwegian delegate to the UN's first general assembly in 1945. In 1943, he became a member of the United Nation's War Crimes Commission and the inter-allied committee that set up the International Court of Justice in The Hague. After his retirement as ambassador in 1946, Colban was still a part of diplomatic life. From 1946-47 he was chairman of the Norwegian delegation for the preparation of a broad international UN conference on trade and administration. He was also the Norwegian delegate to the Havana Conference during 1947–48. As a final point in his career from 1948 to 1950 Colban became the personal representative for the UN secretary general Trygve Lie, in the negotiations between India and Pakistan concerning Kashmir. In 1952 Colban published his autobiography Fifty Years (Femti Aar). The question of individual rights vs. state rights After the Second World War, the question about international law and national sovereignty was a broadly discussed issue. The founding of the United Nations brought a different approach to the question of human rights. The focus of the League of Nations was a commitment to collective rights of the states themselves, and now the postwar approach was centered on individual human rights. However, minority protection was regarded as weak and obscure. As a member of the UN, Colban was opposed the idea of a European superstate and to strong interference into national issues. This was due to the problems he experienced arising from the interference of the League of Nations into minority politics in Eastern Europe during the interwar period. Acknowledgement of the sovereignty of the nation-states was a key concern of the UN and this was a point in its Charts, which was not to be changed, in order to secure peace. It was absolutely imperative to avoid repeating the mistakes of the League of Nations. The UN as a tool for peace For Colban the primary aim of the UN as well as of the League of Nations was keeping the peace. Unlike the League of Nations, it was to be a permanent organization, but also a world organization, in order to be able to preserve peace. He saw the reason for the failure of the League of Nations in the fact, that important nation states were not members. In order to be able to do better, the UN was to include all states willing to participate and work against the possibility of countries of resigning. This opinion of Colban was also to be understood against the background of the Cold War. He sensed, that if the UN was not able to keep the Soviet Union as a member, this would endanger peace. He even proposed, if the statutes of the UN was to be updated, member resignation should be made impossible. At the same time, he was contemplating weakening the veto, with which USSR was making things difficult. He thought that the specialized agencies of the UN were a very important part of the organisation, their work indirect, but indispensable for world peace. Reflections on international institutions In 1954, when Colban was retired, he wrote an article titled The United Nation As A Permanent World Organisation'' where he reflected on the UN and League of Nations. In the article he gave his thought on whether or not the UN would survive or if it would fail like its predecessor had. He especially focused on what had been done wrong in the League of Nations, and what, as a consequence, had been changed in the UN charters. One of his main statements was that the tasks of the UN should be both political and non-political, meaning that it should secure peace, but at the same time working towards solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian issues. Another very important element he mentions that should secure the survival of the UN was that every nation was a member and that it should not be allowed to withdraw ones membership, which was not the case with the League of Nations. He quotes a Spanish official in saying that it would be impossible to imagine a world without an institution such as the UN. References Bibliography 1876 births 1956 deaths Diplomats from Oslo Ambassadors of Norway to the United Kingdom Norwegian people of World War II Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog Commanders of the Order of the Polar Star Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)

20461289

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanie%20du%20Plessis

Fanie du Plessis

Stephanus ("Fanie") Johannes du Plessis (23 February 1930 – 13 August 2001) was a discus thrower and shot putter, who represented South Africa at two Summer Olympics in 1956 and 1960. He was twice gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games (in 1954 and 1958, then known as the British Empire and Commonwealth Games) in the men's discus throw event. Biography Stephanus ("Fanie") Johannes du Plessis was born on 23 February 1930 in Lichtenburg, South Africa. As an athlete he specialised in the throwing events and had international success in two disciplines, the discus and the shot put. Before South Africa was banned from the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games, Plessis represented his country in both arena. He did not achieve podium finishes in the Olympics and it is said that when once asked by his manager why he hadn't done as well as his best he replied "I was bewitched". In the final two Commonwealth Games that South Africa competed in before their ban, Fanie du Plessis dominated the men's discus-throw. In 1954 so dominant was he that he surpassed the Games' record with every one of his throws until he finally won with a distance of 51,70m At the 1954 Games he also won bronze in the Shot Put. In 1958 he again won gold in the discus. His best throw was 56.32m in 1959. He died in Pretoria, Gauteng, aged 71. References 1930 births 2001 deaths South African male discus throwers South African male shot putters Athletes (track and field) at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes of South Africa Commonwealth Games gold medallists for South Africa Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for South Africa Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics People from Lichtenburg Afrikaner people

20461312

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPO%3A%29

SPO:)

SPO:) is a Lithuanian monthly sports magazine owned by media conglomerate UAB MKG. SPO:) is the first and currently only magazine in Lithuania dedicated to recent developments in various sports. Its first issue was published in January 2005. SPO:) includes a large number of color photographs, scouting reports from NBA and Euroleague, and posters in the center of the magazine. Sportsman of the Month Since its inception in 2005, SPO:) magazine has annually presented the Sportsman of the Month award to "the Lithuanian athlete whose performance that month most embodies the spirit of sportsmanship and achievement." References External links Official website 2005 establishments in Lithuania Magazines published in Lithuania Lithuanian-language magazines Magazines established in 2005 Monthly magazines Sports magazines

20461316

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/89.0%20RTL

89.0 RTL

89.0 RTL is a German radio channel whose studios are located in Halle (Saale). It aims at the 14-29 age bracket. It aired first on 24 August 2003 and replaced the radio channel Project 89.0 Digital. While it is licensed to Saxony-Anhalt, the exposed position of the Brocken at 3,743 ft allows the channel to cover large parts of central Germany, including Lower Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg and Saxony. The channel can be received on FM 89.0 and on DAB channel 12C. References External links Radio stations in Germany RTL Group Mass media in Halle (Saale) Contemporary hit radio stations Radio stations established in 2003

20461323

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Dom%C3%ADnguez%20%28footballer%29

Jorge Domínguez (footballer)

Jorge "Potro" Carlos Alberto Domínguez (born 7 March 1959) is an Argentinian former professional footballer who played as a striker. Born in Buenos Aires, Domínguez started his career in 1978 with Boca Juniors where he played in one game against Unión de Santa Fe. He then joined Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata where he played until his return to Boca Juniors in 1983. In 1984, he moved to France where he played for Nice, Toulon, Nîmes and Tours. In 1991, he returned to Argentina to play for Mandiyú. His final club was Laferrere of the Argentine second division. References Profile at historiadeboca External links 1959 births Living people Footballers from Buenos Aires Argentine footballers Association football forwards Argentina international footballers Argentine Primera División players Boca Juniors footballers Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata footballers Textil Mandiyú footballers OGC Nice players SC Toulon players Nîmes Olympique players Tours FC players Ligue 1 players Ligue 2 players Argentine expatriate footballers Argentine expatriate sportspeople in France Expatriate footballers in France

20461365

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eikonoklastes

Eikonoklastes

Eikonoklastes (from the Greek εἰκονοκλάστης, "iconoclast") is a book by John Milton, published October 1649. In it he provides a justification for the execution of Charles I, which had taken place on 30 January 1649. The book's title is taken from the Greek, and means "Iconoclast" or "breaker of the icon", and refers to Eikon Basilike, a Royalist propaganda work. The translation of Eikon Basilike is "icon of the King"; it was published immediately after the execution. Milton's book is therefore usually seen as Parliamentarian propaganda, explicitly designed to counter the Royalist arguments. Background Milton was commissioned to write Eikonoklastes as a response to Charles I's supposed Eikon Basilike (1649). The tract was intended to be the official argument by the Commonwealth government. Eikon Basilike was published just after Charles I's execution, and the work portrayed him as a martyr. The piece was written with straightforward political aims, to stir up popular sentiment in support of the former monarch and to undermine the control of the Commonwealth government. The work proved so popular that there were 35 editions produced that year. Milton's approach was different from that of Eikon Basilike, which may have in fact been a composite work with John Gauden involved in ghostwriting: instead of appealing to popular sentiment, Milton's work was closely argued and tried to meet each of the points in the Eikon. Milton believed, certainly, that the Eikon Basilike created a false idol and he wanted to destroy it with truth. Eikonoklastes, titled Eikonolastes in Answer to a Book Intitl'd Eikon Basilike, The Portrature of his Sacred Majesty in his Solitudes and Sufferings, was issued in two versions in October 1649, in English, and was enlarged in 1650. It was quite soon translated into Latin and French. In 1651 a reply appeared, Eikon Aklastos ("the icon unbroken"). It was written by Joseph Jane, involved in royalist organisation. Tract Milton begins his work by mentioning that he was commissioned to write Eikonoklastes and that he did such for the good of the Commonwealth: "I take it on me as a work assign'd rather, then by me cho'n or affected". The central argument of Eikonoklastes involves the tyranny inherent in all monarchies, and Milton attacks the idea put forth by Charles I that the liberty of individuals consists "in the enjoyment of the fruits of our industry, and the benefit of those Laws to which we our selves have consented". Milton's response is to point out how such a definition cannot actually separate different kinds of governments: First, for in the injoyment of those fruits, which our industry and labours have made our own upon our own, what Privilege is that, above what the Turks, Jewes, and Mores enjoy under the Turkish Monarchy? For without that kind of Justice, which is also in Argiers, among Theevs and Pirates between themselves, no kind of Government, no Societie, just or unjust could stand; no combination or conspiracy could stick together. We expect therfore something more, that must distinguish free Government from slavish To Milton, Charles I was able to coerce the English people and actually made them his slaves, especially through his veto power which established him "as the transcendent and ultimat Law above all our Laws; and to rule us forcibly by Laws to which we ourselves did not consent". Milton attacks Charles I's rhetorical flourishes throughout Eikon Basilike, and he claims that "the whole Book might perhaps be intended a peece of Poetrie". Milton criticises every aspect of Eikon Basilike to the point that when Charles I claims that he was with gentlemen, Milton responds "Gentlemen indeed; the ragged Infantrie of Stewes and Brothels". However, the criticism was not limited to just style and images. In response to Charles I coining the term "demagogue", Milton claims that the word is an attack on the English language and the English people: "the affrightment of this Goblin word; for the King by his leave cannot coine English as he could Money, to be current". In the second edition, Milton expanded his claim that the supporters of Charles I were an "inconstant, irrational, and Image-doting rabble" to declare: that like a credulous and hapless herd, begott'n to servility, and inchanted with these popular institutes of Tyranny, subscrib'd with a new device of the Kings Picture at his praiers, hold out both thir eares with such delight and ravishment to be stigmatiz'd and board through in witness of thir own voluntary and beloved baseness. Milton also altered an epigraph by Sallust on the title page that comes from Gaius Memmius's speech in Bellum Iugurthinum. The speech penned by Sallust for Memmius describes various abuses, and is used to argue that all monarchs are corrupt. In addition to a discussion of Charles I and monarchy, Milton adds a response to Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, who wrote The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars. Themes Milton argues that in all monarchical governments there is potential for enslaving the population, which was an argument he previously relied on in his The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. Milton's view of freedom was not limited to just having the right to property, but to be free from the potential of arbitrary domination by a monarch. Monarchy was not the only subject of importance to Milton within Eikonoklastes; Milton also defended presbyterian and republican principles, claiming that reformation cannot accept episcopal or monarchical control. Instead, a presbyterian based religion was the only proper type of religion. To John Shawcross, Milton's experience while writing the piece, along with the two Defences "supplied the experience with the world, that dark world and wide, that seems to have been needed for Milton to move beyond the defiant to degrees of understanding, if not acceptance, of humankind." Starting in 1649, Milton began to connect his various prose publications with the plan of a future epic to be composed, and Eikonoklastes was one such work. As such, there are multiple parallels between the actions of Charles I monarchy and Satan's rule in hell found within Paradise Lost. The description of a rise of an antichristian monarchs near the end of Eikonoklastes declares that such individuals rely on an ambiguous language to gain power. Likewise, Milton's Satan relies on the same kind of rhetoric. Likewise, the deviant followers of Charles I are connected to demons in hell who drink and blaspheme. Critical review The work failed: it is the general view that Milton's work did not succeed, at least in terms of rebutting the Eikon Basilike. On the other hand, scholars still debate exactly what the polemic intention of Milton's work was. This book was the first work by Milton to be at all widely read. Public sentiment still supported Charles I, but the tract was able to appeal to a larger audience than many of Milton's previous works. After the English Restoration of 1660, Milton and other republicans faced a vindictive new Government, and Eikonoklastes was said to have justified regicides. The Act of Oblivion was enacted on 29 August 1660, and Milton was not among those who were listed to suffer the death penalty for their part in Charles I's execution. On the other hand, a proclamation by the king demanded that Eikonoklastes and Defensio pro Populo Anglicano be burned. The works were soon after burned in public by the public hangman. This did not stop the work attracting readers, and there was a new edition in 1690 after the Glorious Revolution. Notes References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External links Eikonoklastes full text 1649 books Works by John Milton English Civil War

20461369

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halal-TV

Halal-TV

Halal-TV was a Swedish television show, based on the Dutch show De Meiden van Halal. The program was hosted by three Swedish muslim women who interviewed members of the public on a wide range of subjects through an islamic lens. The show's run consisted of seven episodes and a special debate episode. The program was broadcast on SVT2 in the fall of 2008. The program sparked controversy before the first episode had been broadcast. Cherin Awad, one of the hosts, had made a statement in the show Existens five years earlier which some interpreted as her condoning stoning because of sexual infidelity. Another controversy emerged when author Carl Hamilton appeared for an interview and insisted on shaking the presenter's hands. Two of the hosts refused, as it would have violated their religious beliefs. This sparked a heated discussion between Hamilton and the hosts which was later published by SVT. Episodes References Sveriges Television original programming

17324747

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20Science%20and%20Technology%20Museum

Canada Science and Technology Museum

The Canada Science and Technology Museum (abbreviated as CSTM; ) is a national museum of science and technology in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The museum has a mandate to preserve and promote the country's scientific and technological heritage. The museum is housed in a building. The museum is operated by Ingenium, a Crown corporation that also operates two other national museums of Canada. The museum originated as the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The branch opened its own building in 1967, and subsequently became its own institution in 1968, named the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum adopted its current name in 2000. The museum's building underwent significant renovations from 2014 to 2017, which saw most of the original structure demolished and replaced. The museum's collection contains over 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects, some of which are on display in the museum's exhibitions. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and travelling exhibitions. History The institution originates from the science and technology branch of the defunct National Museum of Canada. The National Museum of Canada originates from an institution formed in 1842, although its science and technology branch was not formed until 1966. The science and technology branch was headed by its own director, David McCurdy Baird, and had a small collection of artifacts transferred under its care by the National Museum of Canada. Baird was hired as the museum's first director in October 1966 to help oversee the design and installation of the science and technology museum. In April 1967, the former bakery and distribution centre for Morrison Lamothe in the outskirts of Ottawa was selected for use by the science and technology branch. The building opened to the public on 16 November 1967. In its first year, the museum attracted over 400,000 visitors. On 1 April 1968, the different branches of the National Museum of Canada were split up into several different institutions, with the museum's human history branch forming the National Museum of Man, the natural history branch forming the National Museum of Natural Sciences, and the science and technology branch forming the National Museum of Science and Technology. The National Museums of Canada Corporation was also formed that year to manage the new institutions, including the National Museum of Science and Technology. The museum's early exhibition designs were inspired by equivalent museums in Europe that emphasized interactive exhibitions. A number of larger artifacts were installed outside the museum, including an Atlas long-range rocket in 1973, and a pre-fabricated iron lighthouse in 1980. The lighthouse was originally built during the 1860s in Cape North, Nova Scotia, before it was disassembled and brought to Ottawa. In 1990, the National Museums of Canada Corporation was disbanded. A new Crown corporation, Ingenium, was formed through the Museums Act, 1990 to manage the National Museum of Science and Technology, alongside the Canada Aviation Museum and the Agriculture Museum. 21st century In 2000, the National Museum of Science and Technology was renamed the Canada Science and Technology Museum. During the early 2000s, several plans were proposed by the federal government to move the museum building from its location to a new site. In 2012, the museum was prompted to modify a travelling exhibition on human sexuality after receiving criticism from select groups and James Moore, the minister of Canadian Heritage. The museum removed a video covering masturbation from the exhibition, and placed a minimum age requirement to view the exhibition. The museum was forced to close its doors to the public in September 2014 after it found high levels of airborne mould in the building, and its southern wall risked collapse. In November 2014, it was announced that the building would remain closed to the public until 2017, as a part of a C$80.5 million overhaul of the building's interior and façade, and expand the building's exhibition space. During the closure, several larger artifacts displayed outside, including the Atlas rocket and a pumpjack originally from Saskatchewan were dismantled. The former was dismantled and destroyed in accordance with the rocket's owner, the United States Air Force, whereas the latter was dismantled and placed in storage. During the building's closure, the institution lent out the museum's exhibitions for public display. The new building was reopened to the public on 17 November 2017. As a result of the renovations, portraits of Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame inductees were removed from the museum and relocated online. In 2018, the museum announced it had suspended large-scale collecting efforts, until new storage facilities at the Ingenium Centre were completed, and its excess items were moved inside it. Grounds The museum is situated in Ottawa, adjacent to the Sheffield Glen neighbourhood on St. Laurent Boulevard. The museum building is situated next to the Ingenium Centre, a building that houses Ingenium's research labs and storage facilities for museums operated by the Crown corporation, including the Canada Science and Technology Museum, the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, and the Canadian Agriculture and Food Museum. Prior to the construction of the Ingenium Centre, the site was occupied by the museum's observatory; which was dismantled in 2016. The grounds of the museum includes a park in front of the building, and includes a pathway that leads to the building's entrance. The most recent changes to the surrounding park occurred with the approval of a new landscaping project approved by the National Capital Commission in 2017. Building The museum first occupied the site in 1967, having repurposed a pre-existing bakery and distribution centre for its own use. The building was later renovated and expanded to from 2014 to 2017, with designs by Canadian architecture firm NORR. The 2014 to 2017 renovations also saw a number of improvements added to the building, including seismic upgrades to the facility, and a complete replacement of the roof which also supports photovoltaic panels. A new mechanical room was also built, allowing staff to more precisely control the temperature in the building, and better host fragile artifacts susceptible to damage. The façade at the entrance of the museum features an articulated roof. The articulated roof at the entrance is raised in height, and includes canopy. The building's entrance is cladded in a white ceramic material that doubles as a projection screen. In total, approximately of ceramic material was used throughout the building's façade. To accommodate the colder climate, the ceramic white tiles were installed with Neolith stone slabs. Use of the Neolith slabs also allowed NORR to incorporate sharp angles and smooth expanses into their building designs. A three-minute looping video is played on the LED surface, with a second phase of the film projected on the flat ceramic wall facing St. Laurent Boulevard during the evenings. The interior entrance of the museum features an interactive light and sound display inspired after auroras. The building's contains five main galleries, a temporary exhibition space, an artifacts gallery, creative spaces and classrooms, theatres, cafeterias, boutiques, and offices. The building contains over of exhibition space, including a temporary exhibition hall for travelling exhibitions. The museum's chiller boiler system provides localized heating and cooling controls, and is designed with glazed walls from the exhibit spaces, acting as a functional exhibit for the museum with its colour coded piping. Exhibitions The museum organizes a number of permanent, temporary, and travelling exhibitions. The museum's permanent and temporary exhibitions place an emphasis on being interactive with visitors. Although the museum is primarily interactive, a number of traditional display cases containing a variety of artifacts is also spread throughout the museum's exhibitions. The museum has also organized exhibitions alongside other Canadian governmental agencies, with the Cipher-Decipher travelling exhibition having been organized in partnership with the Communications Security Establishment. Some exhibitions feature exhibits with corporate sponsors, such as the ZOOOMobile, a car building station sponsored by Michelin. Although several exhibits have corporate sponsors, the museum retains all rights and control over the content of the exhibition. Permanent exhibitions include Artifact Alley, an exhibition at the centre of the museum that features over 700 artifacts on display; the Sound by Design, an interactive exhibition where visitors can try a variety of instruments and musical inventions; and The Great Outdoors, an exhibition on transportation and outdoor recreation. The permanent exhibition Medical Sensations also includes an interactive exhibit that allows visitors to see the bone structure inside their body, and their muscle and blood systems. The medical exhibition occupies of space, and includes nearly 100 pieces from the museum's collection. A specimen bottle containing the first appendix removed through a appendectomy, by Abraham Groves, is on display in the exhibition. Wearable Tech is a permanent exhibition at the museum which displays a variety of body-worn artifacts drawn from the museum's collections, including a modernized amauti, Google Glass, and Newtsuit. Crazy Kitchen is an exhibition that explores human perception, and is the oldest permanent exhibition maintained by the museum. Crazy Kitchen and the locomotives installed inside are the only remaining exhibits that date back to the museum's opening in 1967. Since its renovations in 2017, the locomotives have formed part of an exhibit on steam power, being exhibited next to a steam engine from a Canadian Coast Guard ship. Collections The museum's collection preserves objects and data relating to the scientific and technological heritage of the country. The museum's collections originates from a small collection of artifacts transferred to the institution from the defunct National Museum of Canada in 1966. In 1989, the museum adopted a collection development strategy that provided its collection team with a more focused approach to explore how science and technology contributed to the "transformation of Canada". The museum's collection has grown through acquisitions and donations. Approximately 90 per cent of items in the museum's collection are donated, most of whom were gifted to the museum at the donor's initiative. However, the museum does not accept conditional donations. As of 2021, the permanent collection includes approximately 20,000 artifact lots with 60,000 individual objects and 80,000 photos and other associated archival materials; providing the museum with the largest collection of scientific and technological artifacts in Canada. Items rom the collection date from the 12th century to present. Items from the museum's collection that are not on display are stored in the Ingenium Centre's storage facilities. Items from the museum's library and archives is also located in the Ingenium Centre, sharing facilities with the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum. The collection is organized into eight categories, communications; computing and mathematics; domestic technologies; energy and mining; industrial technology; medical technology; scientific instruments; and transportation. The permanent collection also contain a number of smaller collections. The CN Photo Collection is a collection of 750,000 photographs dating as early as the 1850s. The collection was donated to the museum by Canadian National Railway in 1999. The Petrovic collection is a collection of over 130 artifacts including rulers, compasses, and other measuring instruments from the 12th to 19th centuries. The collection was purchased by the museum for C$35,000 in 1980. The museum also has a collection of radio artifacts numbering 70 pieces; and a collection of 60 kites, primarily from Asia. The museum's medical collection also has a medical collection numbering over 8,000 pieces, most of which originated from the former Academy of Medicine Collection. In 2021, the museum started a COVID-19 pandemic collection, whose earliest items includes the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, and the 10-millionth face mask produced at CAMI Automotive. All items that are deaccessioned from the museum's collection must be approved by its board of trustees and offered to another museum before it is disposed of through other channels like Crown Assets Distribution. Notable items Notable artifacts related to transportation include the last spike for the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway; a McLaughlin-Buick and railway car used during the 1939 royal tour of Canada; the Bras d'Or prototype hydrofoil; two nocturnals dating back to 17th century; a Popemobile, donated to the museum in 1985 by the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops; and a Henry Seth Taylor steam buggy, the first automobile produced in Canada. The museum acquired the steam buggy in 1984. Notable computational artifacts in the museum's collection includes two Millionaire calculators; and the DRTE Computer, which was gifted to the museum in 1968. Other notable artifacts in the museum's collection includes an electronic sackbut; the first electron microscope produced in North America; the country's largest refracting telescope, from the Dominion Observatory; the original hitchBOT that travelled across Canada; and George Klein's prototype for the world's first motorized wheelchair. The Canada Science and Technology Museum acquired the prototype from the National Museum of American History in 2005. Research In the first 20 years of operation, the museum's collecting and research efforts focused on "type collecting," as curators attempted to assemble a collection of different types of machines, and researching only their function and internal operations. A shift towards public history and exploring the cultural role these technologies played in society did not emerge until the 1980s. The museum hosts a research facility for the University of Ottawa known as The Living Lab, which provides university researchers a space to conduct research with children outside a "sterile laboratory environment". The museum publishes an academic journal known as the Material Culture Review in partnership with the Canadian Museum of History since the 1970s. The journal provides a forum for research on historical artifacts collected by Canadian museums. See also List of museums in Ottawa List of science museums Notes References Further reading External links Science and technology 1967 establishments in Ontario Canadian federal Crown corporations Museums established in 1967 Museums in Ottawa Railway museums in Ontario Science museums in Canada Technology museums in Canada Ingenium Bicycle museums

17324758

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langen%C3%A6s

Langenæs

Langenæs is a small neighborhood in the city of Aarhus, Denmark with about 6,500 residents, as of 2014. The neighborhood is part of the district Midtbyen (the town center) and borders the neighborhoods of Frederiksbjerg and Marselisborg to the East and the district of Viby to the South. Langenæs is delimited by the streets Søndre Ringgade, Skanderborgvej, Marselis Boulevard and the valley of Brabrand Ådal. The neighborhood is predominantly 2-5 bedroom apartments in blocks of 5 to 7 floors. The area is characterized by the apartment towers Langenæshus, Langenæsbo and Højhus Langenæs, a 55 meters tall reddish aluminium clad tower which is the tallest brick structure in the country. History Langenæs was built in the 1950s as a planned neighborhood of apartment complexes with the intention of testing new architectural ideals and methodologies. The neighborhood is characteristic for its time when the ideal was open city blocks with adjacent green spaces. The oldest parts of Langenæs lies along the edges as traditional and mixed early to mid 20th century developments. Archaeological excavations have shown the area was settled as far back as the Stone Age and Bronze Age. Langenæs was later part of the Havreballegaard and Marselisborg estate in Viby parish for 700 years, before it was bought and annexed by Aarhus City Council in 1899. In 1966 Langenæs got its own church, Langenæskirken, and today belongs to Langenæs Parish, sectioned off from Skt. Lukas Parish. Gallery References Sources External links Aarhus C Neighborhoods of Aarhus

20461378

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20The%20Outer%20Limits%20%281995%20TV%20series%29%20episodes

List of The Outer Limits (1995 TV series) episodes

This page is a list of the episodes of The Outer Limits, a 1995 science fiction/dark fantasy television series. The series was broadcast on Showtime from 1995 to 2000, and on the Sci Fi Channel in its final year (2001–2002). Series overview Episodes Season 1 (1995) Season 2 (1996) {{Episode table |background=#FF5F6C |overall=4 |season=4 |title=19 |director=15 |writer=19 |airdate=14 |episodes= {{Episode list |EpisodeNumber=39 |EpisodeNumber2=18 |Title=The Light Brigade |DirectedBy=Michael Keusch |WrittenBy=Brad Wright |OriginalAirDate= |ShortSummary=In this sequel to episode "Quality of Mercy" (Season 1, Episode 14), the ship The Light Brigade is the last hope of humanity in a war against an alien race. In an attempt to turn the tide of the war, humanity is resorting to a Hiroshima-type strike. The Light Brigade carries a new bomb to be delivered to the enemy homeworld. This bomb works by breaking down the forces which hold subatomic particles together to form an atom. As with the original atomic bomb, a very limited number was made. The first was tested on one of the Martian moons and created an explosion of such power that it was daylight on Earth for several days. The Light Brigade'''s purpose is to deliver this powerful weapon to destroy the enemy homeworld. The aliens ambush the ship and use their unique methods to trick the survivors of the Light Brigade into failing their mission. This feat is achieved by Robert Patrick's character, John Skokes, whose physical likeness has been assumed by an alien spy, leading one to believe the real Skokes died in captivity (following the events depicted in "Quality of Mercy"). In the closing scene, at huge personal cost, a young cadet (Wil Wheaton) releases the bomb over what he believes to be the alien homeworld. It is in fact Earth, and the mission is not only a failure, but the unleashing of the doomsday weapon on an already crippled humanity. |LineColor=FF5F6C }} }} Season 3 (1997) Season 4 (1998) Season 5 (1999) Season 6 (2000) Season 7 (2001–02) Story arcs and connected episodes Innobotics Corporation s. 1 ep. 2 "Valerie 23" s. 2 ep. 2 "Resurrection" s. 4 ep. 15 "Mary 25" s. 4 ep. 26 "In Our Own Image". It includes footage from s. 3 ep. 1 "Bits of Love", as well as footage from s. 3 ep. 7 "The Camp". These timelines do not match, though this is partially remedied by the android's statement that the footage from The Camp'' comes from a prison camp during the Second Balkan War. Major John Skokes/Earth Defence s. 1 ep. 13 "Quality of Mercy" s. 2 ep. 18 "The Light Brigade" Alien Infiltration s. 1 ep. 20 "Birthright" s. 1 ep. 21 "The Voice of Reason" Time Traveler Dr. Theresa Givens s. 2 ep. 1 "A Stitch in Time" s. 6 ep. 21 "Final Appeal" Genetic Rejection Syndrome s. 2 ep. 3 "Unnatural Selection" s. 4 ep. 1 "Criminal Nature" The New Masters s. 3 ep. 7 "The Camp" – The last humans are kept by the android guards, simply because the guards are following the last orders they received. s. 4 ep. 21 "Promised Land" – The remaining humans must interact with aliens still on Earth. Geneticist Dr. Martin Nodel s. 3 ep. 12 "Double Helix" s. 4 ep. 23 "Origin of Species" The Eastern Coalition-Free Alliance Cold War / War s. 4 ep. 24 "Phobos Rising" s. 7 ep. 21 "The Human Factor" s. 7 ep. 22 "Human Trials" Jack the Ripper s. 5 ep. 11 "Ripper" s. 5 ep. 22 "Better Luck Next Time" Time Traveler Nicholas Prentice s. 5 ep. 12 "Tribunal" s. 6 ep. 17 "Gettysburg" s. 7 ep. 15 "Time to Time" USAS s. 4 ep. 13 "The Joining" s. 7 ep. 5 "The Vessel" s. 7 ep. 11 "In the Blood" See also List of The Outer Limits (1963 TV series) episodes References Outer Limits, The Outer Limits, The

20461398

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20Ally%20McBeal

List of awards and nominations received by Ally McBeal

This is the list of awards and nominations received by the American television series Ally McBeal (1997–2002). By Awards American Choreography Awards 2000: Outstanding Achievement in Television – Episode (for "I Will Survive", won) American Cinema Editors (ACE) 1999: Best Edited One-Hour Series for Television (for "Car Wash", won) BAFTA Television Awards 1998: Best International Programme or Series (nominated) Casting Society of America (CSA) 1999: Best Casting – Episodic Comedy (nominated) 2000: Best Casting – Episodic Comedy (won) Cinema Audio Society (CAS) 1998: Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Television Series (for "Making Spirits Bright", nominated) Costume Designers Guild (CDG) 1999: Excellence in Costume Design for Television – Contemporary (nominated) 2000: Excellence in Costume Design for Television – Contemporary (nominated) Directors Guild of America (DGA) 1997: Outstanding Directing – Drama Series, Night (James Frawley for "Pilot", nominated) 2000: Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series (Bill D'Elia for "The Last Virgin", nominated) Emmy Awards 1998: Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series (David E. Kelley for "Theme Of Life") 1998: Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Comedy Series Or A Special (Kurt Kassulke, Peter R. Kelsey, Paul Lewis and Nello Torri for "Boy To The World") (won) 1998: Outstanding Single-camera Picture Editing For A Series (Thomas R. Moore for "Cro-Magnon") 1998: Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series (Calista Flockhart) 1998: Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (James Frawley for "Pilot") 1998: Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (Allan Arkush for "Cro-Magnon") 1998: Outstanding Comedy Series (David E. Kelley, Mike Listo, Jeffrey Kramer, Jonathan Pontell, Steve Robin and Pam Wisne) 1998: Outstanding Casting For A Series (Jeanie Bacharach and Sharon Jetton) 1998: Outstanding Art Direction For A Series (Diane O'Connell and Peter Politanoff for "Boy To The World") 1998: Outstanding Costumes for a Series (Loree Parral, Shelly Levine and Michelle Roth for "Cro-Magnon") 1999: Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series (David E. Kelley for "Sideshow") 1999: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (Peter MacNicol) 1999: Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (Lucy Liu) 1999: Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Comedy Series Or A Special (Peter R. Kelsey, Paul Lewis and Nello Torri for "Love's Illusions") (won) 1999: Outstanding Single-camera Picture Editing For A Series (Philip Neel for "Angels & Blimps") 1999: Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series (Calista Flockhart) 1999: Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (Tracey Ullman) (won) 1999: Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series (John Ritter) 1999: Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (Arlene Sanford for "Those Lips, That Hand") 1999: Outstanding Costumes for a Series (Rachael Stanley for "Making Spirits Bright") 1999: Outstanding Comedy Series (Peter Burrell, Jeffrey Kramer, David E. Kelley, Mike Listo, Jonathan Pontell, Steve Robin and Pam Wisne) (won) 1999: Outstanding Casting For A Series (Jeanie Bacharach and Sharon Jetton) 1999: Outstanding Art Direction For A Series (Diane O'Connell and Peter Politanoff for "Making Spirits Bright") 2000: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (Peter MacNicol) 2000: Outstanding Sound Mixing For A Comedy Series Or A Special (Paul M. Lewis, Peter R. Kelsey and Nello Torri for "Car Wash") (won) 2000: Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (Bill D'Elia for "Ally McBeal: The Musical, Almost") 2001: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (Peter MacNicol) (won) 2001: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (Robert Downey Jr.) 2001: Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series (Calista Flockhart) 2001: Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series(Bernadette Peters) 2001: Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (Jami Gertz) 2001: Outstanding Cinematography For A Single-camera Series (Billy Dickson for "Cloudy Skies, Chance Of Parade") 2001: Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series (Ken Miller and Nikki Valko) (won) 2002: Outstanding Cinematography For A Single-camera Series (Billy Dickson for "Reality Bites") Golden Globe Awards 1997: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Calista Flockhart for playing "Ally McBeal", won) 1997: Best Series – Musical or Comedy (won) 1998: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 1998: Best Series – Musical or Comedy (won) 1998: Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or TV Film (Jane Krakowski for playing "Elaine Vassal", nominated) 1999: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 1999: Best Series – Musical or Comedy (nominated) 2000: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 2000: Best Series – Musical or Comedy (nominated) 2000: Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or TV Film (Robert Downey, Jr. for playing "Larry Paul", won) 2001: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 2001: Best Series – Musical or Comedy (nominated) Producers Guild of America (PGA) 2000: Television Producer of the Year – Episodic Comedy (nominated) Peabody Awards 1998: Peabody Award (won) Satellite Awards 1998: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Calista Flockhart for playing "Ally McBeal", nominated) 1999: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 2000: Best Actress – Musical or Comedy Series (Jane Krakowski for playing "Elaine Vassal", nominated) 2002: Best Supporting Actor – Musical or Comedy Series (Peter MacNicol for playing "John Cage", nominated) Screen Actors Guild (SAG) 1997: Outstanding Actress – Comedy Series (Calista Flockhart for playing "Ally McBeal", nominated) 1997: Outstanding Cast – Comedy Series (nominated) 1998: Outstanding Actor – Comedy Series (Peter MacNicol for playing "John Cage", nominated) 1998: Outstanding Actress – Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 1998: Outstanding Cast – Comedy Series (won) 1999: Outstanding Actor – Comedy Series (MacNicol, nominated) 1999: Outstanding Actress – Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 1999: Outstanding Actress – Comedy Series (Lucy Liu for playing "Ling Woo", nominated) 1999: Outstanding Cast – Comedy Series (nominated) 2000: Outstanding Actor – Comedy Series (Robert Downey, Jr. for playing "Larry Paul", won) 2000: Outstanding Actor – Comedy Series (MacNicol, nominated) 2000: Outstanding Actress – Comedy Series (Flockhart, nominated) 2000: Outstanding Cast – Comedy Series (nominated) References External links Awards won by Ally McBeal at IMDb Ally McBeal Awards

20461399

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20The%20Outer%20Limits%20%281963%20TV%20series%29%20episodes

List of The Outer Limits (1963 TV series) episodes

This page is a list of the episodes of The Outer Limits, a U.S. science fiction television series originally aired on the ABC television network for two seasons from 1963 to 1965. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (1963–64) Season 2 (1964–65) Home releases The following DVD sets were released by MGM Home Entertainment. References External Links Outer Limits, The Outer Limits, The

20461418

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Reed

Ian Reed

Ian Manley Reed (13 July 1927 – 7 August 2020) was a discus thrower, who represented Australia at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He won the gold medal at the 1950 Commonwealth Games in the men's discus throw event. He was born in Victoria. He was 25 at the time of the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. During the Olympics he started the qualifying rounds ranked as #21 with the distance of his discus throw being 45.12 metres. This caused him to automatically qualify into group B, which moved his rank to #13. His next throw which took place during round one of group B, was 41.51 metres and moved his ranking to #14. However, during round two of group B was considered Reed's best marked distance which measured 45.12 metres and ranked him at #12, therefore qualifying him into the next round. In spite of just having his best marked distance in round 3 of group B, Reed threw the discus a measured 44.24 metres. This caused him not to place in round 3, thus taking him out of the games. Reed's personal best ever recorded discus throw is 49.52 metres. World Masters Athletics has ranked Ian Reed world number one in his 85–89 age group for the years 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. Reed set a new 90–94 age bracket Masters World Record of 28.49 metres at the San Diego Senior Games in September 2017. References current-record 1927 births 2020 deaths Australian male discus throwers Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes of Australia Athletes (track and field) at the 1950 British Empire Games Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Sportsmen from Victoria (Australia)

20461424

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett%20Thompson

Hewlett Thompson

Geoffrey Hewlett Thompson (called Hewlett; born 14 August 1929) is a retired Anglican bishop. He is a former Bishop of Exeter in the Church of England. Thompson was educated at Aldenham School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. After National Service in the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, he studied for ordination at Cuddesdon College. He was made a deacon on Trinity Sunday 1954 (13 June) and ordained a priest the next Trinity Sunday (5 June 1955) — both times by Spencer Leeson, Bishop of Peterborough, at Peterborough Cathedral. He began his ordained ministry with a curacy at St Matthew's Northampton after which he was first vicar of St Augustine, Wisbech and subsequently of St Saviour's Folkestone. He was consecrated to the episcopate by Michael Ramsey, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey on 24 January 1974. At first simply suffragan Bishop of Willesden in 1974, he became area bishop upon the foundation of the London area scheme in 1979 and six years later he was translated to diocesan Bishop of Exeter. In retirement he continues to serve the church as an honorary assistant bishop within the Diocese of Carlisle. References 1929 births People educated at Aldenham School Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon Bishops of Willesden Bishops of Exeter 20th-century Church of England bishops Living people

20461471

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Tait

Robin Tait

Robin Douglas Tait (14 April 1940 in Dunedin, Otago – 20 March 1984 in Auckland) was a discus thrower, who represented New Zealand at two Summer Olympics: 1968 and 1972. He represented New Zealand at six Commonwealth Games: 1962, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1978 and 1982. He won the gold medal at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games in the men's discus throw event, and the bronze in the same event in 1966. Tait carried the New Zealand flag at the opening ceremony of the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. External links Profile at New Zealand Commonwealth Games website 1940 births 1984 deaths New Zealand male discus throwers Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes of New Zealand Athletes from Dunedin Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for New Zealand Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics

20461477

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walddeutsche

Walddeutsche

Walddeutsche (lit. "Forest Germans" or Taubdeutsche – "Deaf Germans"; – "deaf Germans") was the name for a group of German-speaking people, originally used in the 16th century for two language islands around Łańcut and Krosno, in southeastern Poland. Both of them were fully polonised before the 18th century, the term, however, survived up to the early 20th century as the designation na Głuchoniemcach, broadly and vaguely referring to the territory of present-day Sanockie Pits, which has seen a partial German settlement since the 14th century, mostly Slavicised long before the term was coined. Nomenclature The term Walddeutsche – coined by the Polish historians Marcin Bielski, 1531, Szymon Starowolski 1632, Bishop Ignacy Krasicki and Wincenty Pol – also sometimes refers to Germans living between Wisłoka and the San River part of the West Carpathian Plateau and the Central Beskidian Piedmont in Poland. The Polish term Głuchoniemcy is a sort of pun; it means "deaf-mutes", but sounds like "forest Germans": Niemcy, Polish for "Germans", is derived from niemy ("mute", unable to talk comprehensibly, i.e. in a Slavic language), and głuchy ("deaf", i.e. "unable to communicate") sounds similar to głusz meaning "wood". History In the 14th century a German settlement called Hanshof existed in the area. The Church of the Assumption of Holy Mary and St. Michael's Archangel in Haczów (Poland), the oldest wooden Gothic temple in Europe, was erected in the 14th century and was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2003. Germans settled in the territory of the Kingdom of Poland (territory of present-day Subcarpathian Voivodeship and eastern part of Lesser Poland) from the 14th to 16th centuries (see Ostsiedlung), mostly after the region returned to Polish sphere of influence in 1340, when Casimir III of Poland took the Czerwień towns. Marcin Bielski states that Bolesław I Chrobry settled some Germans in the region to defend the borders against Hungary and Kievan Rus' but the arrivals were ill-suited to their task and turned to farming. Maciej Stryjkowski mentions German peasants near Przeworsk, Przemyśl, Sanok, and Jarosław, describing them as good farmers. Some Germans were attracted by kings seeking specialists in various trades, such as craftsmen and miners. They usually settled in newer market and mining settlements. The main settlement areas were in the vicinity of Krosno and some language islands in the Pits and the Rzeszów regions. The settlers in the Pits region were known as Uplander Sachsen. Until approximately the 15th century, the ruling classes of most cities in present-day Beskidian Piedmont consisted almost exclusively of Germans. The Beskidian Germans underwent Polonization in the latter half of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century. According to Wacław Maciejowski, writing in 1858, the people did not understand German but called themselves Głuchoniemcy. Wincenty Pol wrote in 1869 that their attire was similar to that of the Hungarian and Transylvanian Germans and that their main occupations were farming and weaving. He stated that in some areas the people were of Swedish origin, however, they all spoke flawlessly in a Lesser Poland dialect of Polish. In 1885, Józef Szujski wrote that the Gluchoniemcy spoke only Polish, but there were traces of a variety of original languages which showed that, when they arrived, the term Niemiec was applied to "everyone". In the modern Polish language, Niemiec refers to Germans, however, in earlier centuries, it was sometimes also used in reference to Hungarians, possibly due to similarity with the word niemy or plural niemi for "mute" or "dumb". Settlement Important cities of this region include Pilzno, Brzostek, Biecz, Gorlice, Ropczyce, Wielopole Skrzyńskie, Frysztak, Jasło, Krosno, Czudec, Rzeszów, Łańcut, Tyczyn, Brzozów, Jaćmierz, Rymanów, Przeworsk, Jarosław, Kańczuga, Przemyśl, Dynów, Brzozów, and Sanok. See also Carpathian Germans German minority in Poland Pogórzanie References Józef Szujski. Die Polen und Ruthenen in Galizien. Kraków. 1896 (Głuchoniemcy/Walddeutsche S. 17.) Aleksander Świętochowski. Grundriß der Geschichte der polnischen Bauern, Bd. 1, Lwów-Poznań, 1925; (Głuchoniemcy/Sachsen) S. 498 Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Bevölkerungsbilanzen für die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50, hrsg. vom Statistischen Bundesamt, Wiesbaden 1958, pages: 275–276 bis 281 "schlesisch- deutscher Gruppe bzw. die Głuchoniemców (Walddeutsche), zwischen Dunajez und San, Entnationalisierung im 16 Jh. und 18 Jh." Wojciech Blajer: Bemerkungen zum Stand der Forschungen uber die Enklawen der mittelalterlichen deutschen Besiedlung zwischen Wisłoka und San. [in:] Późne średniowiecze w Karpatach polskich. red. Prof. Jan Gancarski. Krosno, 2007. Sources and notes German diaspora in Europe History of Lesser Poland History of Galicia (Eastern Europe) People from Podkarpackie Voivodeship History of ethnic groups in Poland Polish people of German descent German words and phrases History of Red Ruthenia

20461493

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erma%20Werke

Erma Werke

The Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) was a German weapons manufacturer founded in 1922 by Berthold Geipel. Prior to and during World War II it manufactured many firearms, including the Karabiner 98k, the MP40 and other submachine guns. The company is also noted for having produced various forms of military training rifles, including the famous EL 24 subcaliber "Barrel Insert" training devices that allowed .22 long rifle ammunition to be fired from infantry rifles such as the Karabiner 98 and Steyr-Mannlicher M1895 through use of a special action conversion kit and a thin-walled .22 caliber barrel inserted within the larger rifle's bore. History The Erfurter Maschinen- und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH was formed in 1922 in Erfurt, Thuringia, by Berthold Geipel. At the beginning of the 1930s the company started its firearms business, acquiring licenses to produce Mauser carbines like the 'Karabiner 98k' and rights to manufacture submachine guns ('Machine Pistols'), which received the designation 'EMP' for 'ERMA Maschinenpistole'. Firearms Production The 'EMP' series was based on designs by Heinrich Vollmer which had been bought by Geipert in the early 1930s. These SMGs would be produced in different variants from 1932 (as direct copies of the Vollmer models) to 1938 and sold in Germany, but also to Spain, Mexico, China and Yugoslavia. The Spanish acquired a license for domestic production later on. By 1935 a license to produce repeating rifles of the Mauser Model 98 system has been acquired, production would go on until the early 1940s mid-war. Pre-war conversion kits as training devices, with subcaliber 'Insert Barrels' like the type 'Erma EL 24' (EL for 'Einstecklauf'), would also be sold for those weapons systems. In 1933 Berthold's brother Elmar Geipel is hired by the company. In 1934 the enterprise was renamed to Erfurter Maschinenfabrik B. Geipel GmbH, or 'ERMA' for short. In 1937 Berthold Geipel is appointed Wehrwirtschaftsführer of Erfurt by the Nazi regime. From the version 'EMP 36' of ERMA the SMG 'MP 38' and the following model 'MP 40' had been developed under the guidance of Vollmer, and been accepted by the German Wehrmacht, been put into production. In 1943 another SMG had been constructed by the 'ERMA-Werke', the 'Erma EMP 44', a very simplified Machine Pistol, which could have been manufactured with speed and in great numbers. Such a crudely designed firearm was not approved by the Wehrmacht at that time. Later reconsiderations on the viability for a setup to manufacture the firearm led to nowhere, although there had been certain demand by the end of the war. Similar designs for such simple SMGs had been met with success and these were issued in numbers to the Soviet army (PPS submachine gun) and the British (Sten gun), to be used effectively for decades. During the war part of the Geipel enterprise was located at the Altonaer Straße 25 in Erfurt, an area on the campus of the Fachhochschule Erfurt, founded in 1991. Furthermore, since about 1940 a forced labour camp ('Zwangsarbeitslager') for the nearby weaponry manufacture plants had been erected in the vicinity of said Fachhochschule. Around 2000 workers had been re-settled there in shacks to keep production going. Post war In 1945 Geipel was arrested and imprisoned by the Allied occupation forces in Germany due to his involvement with the Nazi party. He was eventually freed and underwent denazification, after which he worked for 'Vollmer GmbH' as assistant director to Heinrich Vollmer. Following the end of the war, the Thuringia region found itself in the Soviet occupation zone. Marshal Zhukov of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany ordered what was left of the 'ERMA' assets to be liquidated on August 31, 1948. Geipel re-established the company under the brand name ERMA-Werke in Bavaria in 1949 and in 1952 the company moved to Dachau, near Munich. Geipel's son Rudolf became the Chief Engineer of the new company and for the first few years production was devoted to household appliances. Around 1952 'ERMA' was awarded a contract by the government of West Germany to service and produce parts for the various Allied forces weapons that had been supplied to the German police forces, notably M1 Carbines. The company also commenced manufacture of gas pistols and revolvers (like EGR 66), and rifles a.o. with lever actions. Following the foundation of the Bundeswehr in May 1955, the Federal government gave ERMA permission to research and develop a new submachine gun; the aim was to replace the weapons given by the Allied forces to both West Germany's police and army. ERMA's design was, however, outbid and out-performed by a submission of the Uzi, which became the 'MP 2' issued to the German Army (Deutsches Heer). In the 1960s the Walther MP would be issued to the German Navy (Bundesmarine) and used by federal police forces. The financial resources expended in developing the new submachine gun had been quite substantial, and as a consequence 'ERMA-Werke' were taken over in 1961 by 'Fiberglide', a division of Lear-Siegler, which traded under the 'ERMA' brand name. Berthold Geipel and his son left the company. In October 1997 'ERMA Werke' commenced bankruptcy proceedings and in 1998 was taken over by 'Suhler Jagd- und Sportwaffen GmbH' (later 'Merkel'), at that time a division of Steyr-Mannlicher. An 'ERMA Suhl' logo was used on their products for a while. By 2004 Heckler & Koch had taken over the Thuringian company forming the 'H&K Jagd und Sportwaffen GmbH' as hunting and shooting sports section under the 'Merkel' brand name, following which the 'ERMA' name and brand ceased to exist for manufacturing firearms. Firearms manufactured EMP / MPE MP38 / MP40 EMP 44, experimental low cost SMG EG 70, an M1 Carbine copy, ERMA manufactured parts for these weapons in the early 1950s and produced a .22 caliber training rifle modeled after the carbine that proved so popular it was commercially marketed as the EM-1 and available in .22 WMR Various low cost .22 caliber pistols resembling the Luger pistol KGP 68, .380 (9mm kurz) Luger pistol Clone ESP 85A, target pistol. TP 22, .22 caliber pistols resembling the PPK. TP 25, .25 ACP variant of the TP-22 pocket pistol. ET 22, .22 caliber pistols with 11 inch barrels for the West German Navy. Ithaca Model 72 Saddlegun, in .22LR and .22WMR EGR 66 and 66X, gas revolver, Smith & Wesson-Revolvers Model 36 copy, 66X is the stainless steel version Further reading A. J. R. Cormack (1972) Erma Submachine guns, Small Arms Profile 8, Profile Publications Ltd., G. de Vries, B.J. Martens: The MP 38, 40, 40/1 and 41 Submachine Gun, Vol. 2. Special Interest Publicaties BV, Arnhem 2001, Werner Limbrecht: ERMA & FEIMA: Berthold Geipel und seine Erfurter Waffenfabriken, Fachhochsch., 2009, . (German) ERMA-Werke Model E M1 .22 LR Self-Loading Rimfire Rifle References 1922 establishments in Germany Firearm manufacturers of Germany History of Erfurt

20461506

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainmore

Stainmore

Stainmore is a remote geographic area in the Pennines on the border of Cumbria, County Durham and North Yorkshire. The name is used for a civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England, including the villages of North Stainmore and South Stainmore. The parish had a population of 253 in the 2001 census, increasing to 264 at the Census 2011. Stainmore Forest stretches further east into County Durham, towards Bowes. Geography Stainmore is drained by the River Belah and the River Balder. It is crossed by the Roman road from Bowes to Brough, now part of the A66, and formerly by the Stainmore Railway. Each of these lines of communication has made use of the relatively low broad saddle between the higher hills to north and south which is commonly referred to as the Stainmore Gap. The summit of the former railway is around above sea level, though the roads climb to slightly higher elevations. The Gap is coincident with the Stainmore Summit Fault which throws the relatively flat-lying Carboniferous rocks of the area down to the south. It acted as a conduit for Lake District-originated ice to pass eastwards during one or more glacial periods. There are several Regionally Important Geological / Geomorphological Sites (RIGS) in the Stainmore area, and Bowes Moor is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The locality gives its name to the Stainmore Trough, a geological structure originating during the Carboniferous period and which lies between the Alston Block to the north and the Askrigg Block to the south. History The place-name 'Stainmore' is first attested in a document of circa 990, where it appears as Stanmoir. It appears as Stanmore in the Charter Rolls for the reign of Henry II, and as Staynmor in the Quo Warranto of 1292. The name means 'stony moor'. According to Roger of Wendover, it was where Eric Bloodaxe (d. 954), recently expelled from York, was betrayed and killed, an event which some historians believe to have taken place in a great battle. Ancient monuments include a Roman marching camp at Rey Cross and, immediately east of the camp, the Rey Cross itself (), also called Rere Cross (Scheduled monument, no. 32713). The Ecclesiastical parish of Brough with Stainmore has two churches: St Michael's, Brough under Stainmore and St Stephen's, South Stainmore. St Stephen's was built by Cuthbert Buckell in 1600 and rebuilt by Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet in 1842-3. Gallery See also Listed buildings in Stainmore References Further reading External links Cumbria County History Trust: Stainmore (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page) Geography of Cumbria Rey Cross Civil parishes in Cumbria

20461508

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norwegian%20Society%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Letters

Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters

The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (, DKNVS) is a Norwegian learned society based in Trondheim. It was founded in 1760 and is Norway's oldest scientific and scholarly institution. The society's Protector is King Harald V of Norway. Its membership consists of no more than 435 members elected for life among the country's most prominent scholars and scientists. The society’s Danish name predates both written standards for Norwegian and has remained unchanged after Norway’s independence from Denmark in 1814 and the spelling reforms of the 20th century. History DKNVS was founded in 1760 by the bishop of Nidaros Johan Ernst Gunnerus, headmaster at the Trondheim Cathedral School Gerhard Schøning and Councillor of State Peter Frederik Suhm under the name Det Trondhiemske Selskab (the Trondheim Society). From 1761 it published academic papers in a series titled Skrifter. It was the northernmost learned society in the world, and was established in a time when Norway did not have universities or colleges. It received the royal affirmation of its statutes on 17 July 1767, and was given its present name at a ceremony on 29 January 1788, king Christian VII of Denmark's birthday. In 1771, when Johann Friedrich Struensee took over the de facto rule of Denmark-Norway, Johan Ernst Gunnerus was summoned to Copenhagen, where he was given the mission to establish a university in Norway. Gunnerus did not suggest that the university be established in Trondhjem, but in southern Christianssand (Kristiansand), due to its proximity to Jutland. If this happened, he would have the Society of Sciences and Letters moved to Christianssand, to correspond with the new university. However, the plan was never carried out. Struensee's reign ended in 1772, but he reportedly dismissed the plan before this. (Kristiansand got its university in 2007.) The society was housed in the premises of Trondheim Cathedral School until 1866, when it acquired its own localities. Since 1903 its main task was to run a museum. In 1926 there was a split in which the museum became a separate entity, receiving the assets of the learned society. Also in 1926, another publication series Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Forhandlinger was inaugurated. Ownership of the museum was transferred to the University of Trondheim in 1968, today the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, but DKNVS re-received some assets in a 1984 reorganization, and now controls these assets through the foundation DKNVSS. A history of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters was written in 1960 by Hans Midbøe, and released in two volumes. In connection with the 250th anniversary of the Society, Håkon With Andersen, Brita Brenna, Magne Njåstad, and Astrid Wale wrote an updated history. Also, Arild Stubhaug wrote a shorter history, prepared for a general audience. Organisation The board of directors consists of seven people, five men and two women. It is led by praeses Steinar Supphellen and vice-praeses Kristian Fossheim. Other board members are Hanna Mustaparta, Britt Dale, Ola Dale, Joar Grimsbu and Asbjørn Moen. The daily administration is led by a secretary-general; Kristian Overskaug. The board is responsible for awarding the Gunnerus Medal for academic achievement. The medal was inaugurated in 1927. Before 1815, the sitting King held the title of praeses, while the highest-ranked non-royal member was vice praeses. In the tradition of Gunnerus the bishop, the latter post was filled by clerics until 1820, when Christian Krohg took the seat. From 1815 the King holds the title of "protector". Today King Harald V of Norway is protector of the society. Members of the learned society are divided into two divisions, Letters and Sciences. In 2005 there were 470 members, of whom 134 were foreign. This is a marked increase from 1996, when it had 399 members, of whom 94 were foreign. Awards The society awards the following prizes: Gunnerus Sustainability Science Award The Gunnerus Sustainability Science Award is the society's highest award. It is awarded for outstanding scientific work that promotes sustainable development globally. As of 2017 the prize is awarded by DKNVS in collaboration with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The award was established in 2012, as a cooperation between DKNVS, Sparebanken Midt-Norge and the foundation Technoport. It is named after the Norwegian scientist and bishop Johan Ernst Gunnerus, and consists of a cash award of 1,000,000 Norwegian kroner. The first laureate was announced in February 2012, and the prize was handed over the 17 April in Olavshallen in Trondheim, Norway during the conference Technoport 2012. Laureates are: 2017: The ecologist Carl Folke. 2012: The biologist Kamal Bawa for his pioneering work on population biology in rainforest areas. The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters annual prize for young researchers This award is funded by I. K. Lykke. The prize is awarded annually to two people under 40 years who are "Norwegian researchers or foreign researchers at the Norwegian research institutions that have demonstrated outstanding talent, originality and effort, and who have achieved excellent results in their fields". Awardees are: 2018 Marie Elisabeth Rognes (science) and Trond Nordfjærn (humanities) 2017 David Bassett (science) and Mats Ingulstad (humanities) 2016 Jannike Solsvik (science) and Siv Gøril Brandtzæg (humanities) 2015 Steffen Oppermann (science) and Ivar Berg (humanities) 2014 Andriy Bondarenko (science) and Terje Lohndal (humanities) 2013 Yasser Roudi (science) and Theresa M. Olasveengen (science) 2012 Sverre Magnus Selbach (science) and Martin Wåhlberg (humanities) 2011 Simen Ådnøy Ellingsen (science) and Thomas Hegghammer (humanities) 2010 Petter Andreas Bergh (science), Jacob Linder (science) and Jon Hernes Fiva (humanities) 2009 Xavier Raynaud (science) and Terje Andreas Eikemo (humanities) 2008 Jill Kristin Lautgeb (science) and Jo Jakobsen (humanities) 2007 Marit Sletmoen (science) 2006 Marianne Fyhn (science), Torkel Hafting Fyhn (science) and Halvard Buhaug, (humanities) 2005 Sigurd Einum (science) and Dag Trygve Truslew Haug (humanities) 2004 Bård Gunnar Stokke (science) and Anne Beate Maurseth (humanities) 2003 Sigurd Weidemann Løvseth (science) and Cathrine Brun (humanities) 2002 Alexander Øhrn (science) and Tanja Ellingsenand (humanities) 2001 Magne Lygren (science) and Marianne Ryghaug (humanities) 2000 Ørjan Johansen (science) and Toril Aalberg (humanities) 1999 Baard Kasa (science) and Kaja Borthen (humanities) The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters scientific annual prize 2002 Johannes Skaar and Jarle Tufto 2001 Jonathan W. Moses and Erlend Rønnekleiv 2000 Rolf Hobson 1999 May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser 1998 Jarle André Haugan 1997 Magne Sætersdal and Baard Pedersen 1996 Stig Arild Slørdahl and Geir Johnsen 1995 Jon Thomas Kringlebotn and Tor Grande 1993 Tor Anders Åfarli and Halvor Kjørholt 1992 Øyvind Solberg and Eirik Helseth 1991 Tore C. Stiles and Jarle Hjelen 1990 Yngvar Olsen and Karin Gjøl Hagen 1989 Arne Sandvik and Bernt-Erik Saether 1988 Dagfinn Berntzen and Berit Kjeldstad 1987 Håkon With Andersen and Randi Eidsmo Reinertsen 1986 Lisa Jacobsen and Jarle Mork 1985 Jan Ragnar Hagland, Eivin Røskaft and Trond E. Ellingsen 1984 Linda R. White and Terje Espevik Heads of the society This is a list of the heads of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters: Protector (praeses until 1815) 1772–1805: Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark-Norway 1805–1814: Crown Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark-Norway 1814–1815: vacant 1815–1818: Crown Prince Charles III John of Norway and Sweden 1818–1859: Oscar I of Norway and Sweden 1859–1872: Charles IV of Norway and Sweden 1872–1905: Oscar II of Norway and Sweden 1906–1957: Haakon VII of Norway 1957–1991: Olav V of Norway 1991–present: Harald V of Norway Praeses (vice praeses until 1815) 1766–1773: Johan Ernst Gunnerus 1773–1780: Ole Irgens 1780–1791: Christian Frederik Hagerup 1791–1803: Johan Christian Schønheyder 1804–1820: Peter Olivarius Bugge 1820–1828: Christian Krohg 1829–1832: Niels Stockfleth Schultz 1832–1832: Frederik Christoffer, greve af Trampe 1833–1838: Christian Hersleb Hornemann 1838–1851: Frederik Moltke Bugge 1851–1855: Hans Jørgen Darre 1855–1865: Christian Petersen 1865–1870: Andreas Grimelund 1870–1872: Hans Jørgen Darre 1872–1874: Andreas Grimelund 1874–1883: Bernhard Ludvig Essendrop 1883–1897: Karl Ditlev Rygh 1897–1899: Johannes Sejersted 1899–1902: Knud H. Lossius 1903–1914: Bjarne Lysholm 1914–1926: Axel Sommerfelt 1926–1933: Halfdan Bryn 1933–1945: Ragnvald Iversen 1946–1946: Viggo Brun 1946–1949: Ragnvald Iversen 1950–1958: Thorolf Vogt 1958–1965: Harald Wergeland 1966–1973: Tord Godal 1974–1981: Sigmund Selberg 1982–1989: Grethe Authén Blom 1990–1995: Haakon Olsen 1996–1999: Peder Borgen 2000–2004: Karsten Jakobsen 2005–2010: Steinar Supphellen 2010–2013: Kristian Fossheim 2013–2013: Jan Ragnar Hagland 2014–2016: Helge Holden 2017-2019: Ida Bull 2020-present May Thorseth See also Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, another Norwegian learned society References External links Official website 1760 establishments in Norway Norwegian awards Science and technology awards Organizations established in 1760 Learned societies of Norway

20461516

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verona%20%28Czech%20group%29

Verona (Czech group)

Verona is Czech music group comprising composer and performer Petr Fider and singer Markéta Jakšlová. They began performing together in 2001. Their first album, Náhodou ("By Chance") was released in 2002. The second single from this album became a hit song in Czech Republic and Slovakia. They have recorded three albums as of 2012. Their music is in the pop and dance genres, with elements of House and Trance. In 2011, they produced an English-language song, "Hey Boy", that charted in several European countries. Members Petr Fider - songwriter, musician Veronika Stýblová - singer Past members Markéta Jakšlová - singer Discography Singles Albums Náhodou Nejsi sám Jen Tobě Girotondo Videokolekce (DVD) References External links http://www.verona-music.cz/ Verona band info (cs) Verona's fans Facebook page Full complete discography Czech pop music groups Musical groups established in 2001 2001 establishments in the Czech Republic

20461532

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larissa%20Ramos

Larissa Ramos

Larissa Ribeiro Ramos Tramontin (born February 4, 1989) is a Brazilian beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Terra Brasil 2009 and Miss Earth 2009, becoming the second Brazilian to win the title. Miss Terra Brasil 2009 Representing the State of Amazonas, Ramos won the title of Miss Terra Brasil 2009. She was crowned by Tatiane Alves, Miss Terra Brasil 2008 and Miss Earth Fire 2008, on November 28, 2008 in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Miss Terra Brasil 2009 national pageant was contested by 27 pageant winners from Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District. Ramos was 19 years old at the time she was crowned Miss Terra Brasil 2009. Standing 1.78 m., she represented her country in the 9th edition of Miss Earth pageant. Ramos court as Miss Terra Brasil 2009 included Miss Brazil Earth Air (first runner up) Naiane Alves from the state of Pará; Miss Brazil Earth Water (second runner up) Luana Athar who represented the state of Rondônia; and Miss Brazil Earth Fire (third runner up) Debora Lyra from the state of Espírito Santo. Miss Earth 2009 Preliminary events On November 7, 2009, Ramos was chosen as one of the Top 15 finalists in the Evening Gown Competition of Miss Earth 2009 at the Subic Bay Yacht Club, Subic, Pampanga. On November 8, 2009, she was again selected as one of the Top 15 finalists in the Swimsuit Competition which was held at The Lakeshore in the town of Mexico, Pampanga province. Final competition In the final competition of the Miss Earth beauty pageant, Ramos was announced as one of sixteen semi-finalists who moved forward to compete for the title on November 22, 2009. She achieved one of the eight highest scores in the swimsuit and evening gown competitions for her stage chops, which advanced her as one of the top eight finalists to participate in the final round of the event. Ramos, 20 years old at the time of the event, was crowned the Miss Earth 2009 during the coronation night at the Boracay Ecovillage Resort and Convention Center in Boracay Island. She succeeded Miss Earth 2008 winner Karla Henry from the Philippines. Miss Earth 2009 winner's court included Philippines' Sandra Seifert, 25, who was named Miss Air (1st Runner-up), Venezuela's Jessica Barboza, 22, was hailed Miss Water (2nd Runner-up), and Alejandra Echevarria, 20, of Spain got the title Miss Fire (3rd Runner-up). With Ramos winning the Miss Earth 2009 title, Brazil becomes the first country that won twice in the Miss Earth international competition since its inception in 2001, first in 2004 with Priscilla Meirelles. Winners' press presentation On November 23, 2009, Ramos and her court were presented to the international press at the Boracay Beach in Aklan province, central Philippines, which was declared by the British publication TV Quick as the world's number one tropical beach. Ramos appeared on different television shows and various events after her win together with Miss Earth Air Sandra Seifert of the Philippines, Miss Earth Water Jessica Barboza of Venezuela, and Miss Earth Fire Alejandra Echevarria of Spain. Homecoming She made a courtesy call immediately after her Miss Earth feat at the Embassy of Federative Republic of Brazil in the Philippines in Makati and she was received and congratulated by Brazil Ambassador Alcides G. R. Prates. On December 13, 2009, Ramos arrived and had a public greeting at the Eduardo Gomes International Airport in Amazonas, Brazil followed by a motorcade which headed to the Amazonas Palace. She was received with due honors by the Brazilian government led by state secretary of culture, Robério Braga. A year in the life as Miss Earth After winning the Miss Earth crown in November 2009, Ramos participated in various events and travels during her three-month stay in Brazil. She traveled to Ouro Preto, a World Heritage Site designated by UNESCO, in the state of Minas Gerais. In early March 2010, she was invited to São Paulo for the Formula Indy car race and participated in the world-famous Rio Carnival. Ramos returned to the Philippines on April 10, 2010 and served as one of the judges in the final competition of Miss Philippines Earth 2010 and Mr. Philippines Earth 2010, from which she traveled to Vietnam together with Carousel Productions team, to attend the official contract signing ceremony of Vietnam hosting of the Miss Earth 2010 pageant. On April 18, 2010, Ramos and 1st Runner-up of Miss Earth 2009, Sandra Seifert together with Miss Earth Foundation participated in the 12th Tour of the Fireflies. The event aims to promote clean air and cycling as an alternate means of transportation. Ramos and Seifert were the special guests in the Discovery Dash event at SM Mall of Asia, Bay City, Pasay, Philippines on April 30, 2010. The event was organized by Discovery Channel. She then left the Philippines to attend the Miss Minas Gerais 2010 won by Deborah Lyra and broadcast by Band Minas where she was the special guest on May 3, 2010. In the Rotary Club of Northern Guam, she was the key note environmental speaker and talked about her experience as Miss Earth and promoted environmental awareness on June 7, 2010 . Ramos was accompanied by Karla Henry Miss Earth 2008, Lorraine Schuck, EVP Miss Earth Organization, and Maria Luisa Santos, Miss Earth Guam 2009. On June 11, 2010, Ramos attended the Miss Earth Guam pageant as a special guest. She crowned Naiomie Santos, the winner of the pageant. In July 2010, Ramos traveled in various countries in Europe along with Miss Earth Air 2009, Sandra Seifert. The following month, she served as honorary judge in the ten-member jury panel in the Miss Vietnam World 2010 pageant in Vinpearl Land in the central coastal city of Nha Trang, Vietnam on August 21, 2010. She awarded to 1st Runner-up Nguyễn Ngọc Kiều Khanh. The event was won by Luu Thi Diem Huong. She traveled back to Vietnam on August 25, 2010 along with Miss Earth Air 2009 Sandra Seifert, Miss Philippines Earth 2010 Kris Psyche Resus, and Carousel Productions officials to attend the press conference for the launching of the 10th Miss Earth pageant held at the White Palace in Ho Chi Minh City. Ramos was in Jakarta, Indonesia on October 26, 2010 as part of her campaign about the environment. She talked about biodiversity, saving water, electricity, plant trees, and how lifestyle can help the environmental damage and create a better future. She also visited the Kompas Gramedia Group, the largest media conglomerate in Indonesia. Her visit also marked by the release of turtle hatchlings and children planting trees around the beach Pantai Mertasari, Sanur, and Bali. As Miss Earth 2009, Ramos has traveled not only in Brazil but to various countries included Germany, Portugal, Italy, China, Hong Kong, England, Guam, Indonesia, Singapore, and multiple visits in Vietnam and the Philippines to promote environmental awareness. On July 27, 2013, Ramos married Alexandre Malvezzi Tramontin, a Brazilian Executive and Entrepreneur. The ceremony took place in Manaus, Ramos hometown. In March 2015 Mrs. Tramontin received her bachelor's degree in Microbiology from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), one of the top institutions in the country. Later that same year, Mr. And Mrs. Tramontin moved to Denmark. References External links Miss Earth Official Website Beleza Brasil 2009 Official Website Miss Earth Foundation Official Website 1989 births Living people People from Manaus Brazilian female models Miss Earth winners Miss Earth 2009 contestants Brazilian beauty pageant winners Federal University of Amazonas alumni

20461552

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaria%20%28nematode%29

Capillaria (nematode)

Capillaria is a genus of nematodes in the family Capillariidae (or, according to classifications, in the family Trichinellidae). Since the taxonomy of the Capillariidae is disputed, species are included within the single genus Capillaria or 22 different genera (Amphibiocapillaria, Aonchotheca, Baruscapillaria, Calodium, Capillaria, Capillostrongyloides, Crocodylocapillaria, Echinocoleus, Eucoleus, Freitascapillaria, Gessyella, Liniscus, Paracapillaria, Paracapillaroides, Pearsonema, Paratrichosoma, Pseudocapillaria, Piscicapillaria, Pseudocapillaroides, Pterothominx, Schulmanela, and Tenoranema). Some species parasitic in fish, previously classified within Capillaria, are now included in Huffmanela (family Trichosomoididae). Old literature, and sometimes modern medical literature, use Capillaria as a genus for species included in all these genera. The term Capillariasis is generally used for diseases produced by species of Capillaria, even if the species is now placed in another genus. Species Species in the genus Capillaria include (among hundreds of described species): Capillaria aerophila; modern name Eucoleus aerophilus; a parasite of the respiratory system of foxes and other mammals Capillaria gastrica; a parasite of rodents Capillaria hepatica; modern name Calodium hepaticum; cause of hepatic capillariasis in humans Capillaria philippinensis; modern name Paracapillaria philippinensis; cause of intestinal capillariasis in humans Capillaria plica; modern name Pearsonema plica; a parasite of the urinary system of dogs and other mammals Capillaria feliscati; modern name Pearsonema feliscati; a parasite of the urinary system of cats and other mammals See also Capillariasis, a disease caused by some Capillaria species References Enoplea genera Parasitic nematodes of mammals

20461553

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Aylward

Edward Aylward

Edward Aylward (1894 – February 1976) was an Irish Sinn Féin politician. He was elected unopposed as a Sinn Féin Teachta Dála (TD) to the 2nd Dáil at the 1921 elections for the Carlow–Kilkenny constituency. He opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty and voted against it. He stood as an anti-Treaty Sinn Féin candidate at the 1922 general election but was not elected. References 1894 births 1976 deaths Early Sinn Féin TDs Members of the 2nd Dáil Irish farmers

20461557

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBL%2040-pounder%20Armstrong%20gun

RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun

The Armstrong RBL 40-pounder gun was introduced into use in 1860 for service on both land and sea. It used William Armstrong's new and innovative rifled breechloading mechanism. It remained in use until 1902 when replaced by more modern Breech Loading (BL) guns. Design history The Armstrong "screw" breech had already proved successful in the RBL 12 pounder 8 cwt field gun, and the British Government requested it be implemented for heavier guns despite Armstrong's protests that the mechanism was unsuited to heavy guns. Guns were produced at both the Royal Gun Factory in Woolwich, and the Elswick Ordnance Company. Like other early Armstrong guns they were rifled on a polygroove system, firing a variety of lead coated projectiles. Variants The first version weighed 32 cwt, followed by the 35 cwt version which introduced a longer and stronger breech-piece. A 32 cwt variant having a horizontal sliding-wedge breech instead of the Armstrong screw with vertical vent-piece was introduced in 1864 as an attempt to address the perceived weaknesses of the screw-breech design. It was withdrawn from service by 1877. From 1880 a small number of 35 cwt guns had their trunnion rings rotated to the left to allow the vent-piece to open horizontally to the right, being known as "side-closing" guns. They differed from the wedge guns in that the vent piece was still locked in place by tightening the screw behind it. Naval service The gun was recommended in 1859 for the Navy as a broadside or pivot gun. An officer from HMS Euryalus described the gun's performance at the Bombardment of Kagoshima of August 1863: Following the bombardment of Alexandria in 1882, as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War, an armed train was employed. One 40 Pounder RBL was mounted onto the train and manned by men of the Royal Navy. It saw some action at the battle of Kassasin on 1 September 1882. Land service A number of different carriages for guns employed for Land Service were available. A wooden siege carriage with wheels and attached limbers, enabled the guns to be drawn by teams of heavy horses. For guns mounted in fortifications they could be mounted on two different types of carriage. The first was an iron traversing carriage, enabling the gun to be traversed right and left, with recoil being absorbed with a carriage being mounted on a slide. Others were mounted on high "siege travelling carriages" for use as semi-mobile guns in forts, firing over parapets. Many were re-issued to Volunteer Artillery Batteries of Position from 1889, with 40 Pounders among 226 guns issued to the Volunteer Artillery during 1888 and 1889. The 1893 the War Office Mobilisation Scheme shows the allocation of thirty Artillery Volunteer position batteries equipped with 40 Pounder guns which would be concentrated in Surrey and Essex in the event of mobilisation. They remained in use in this role until 1902 when they were gradually replaced by 4.7-inch Quick Firing (QF) guns. A number were used for some years afterwards as saluting guns. Indian subcontinent An RBL 40-pounder Armstrong breechloader appears to be present in a photograph by John Burke (photographer) from the Second Anglo-Afghan War (November 1878 – September 1880). The war began when Great Britain, fearful of what it saw as growing Russian influence in Afghanistan, invaded the country from British India. The first phase of the war ended in May 1879 with the Treaty of Gandamak, which permitted the Afghans to maintain internal sovereignty but forced them to cede control over their foreign policy to the British. Fighting resumed in September 1879, after an anti-British uprising in Kabul, and finally concluded in September 1880 with the decisive Battle of Kandahar. Colony of Victoria service The Australian colony of Victoria received six 35 cwt guns in August 1865. They were used as mobile coast fortification guns with one gun being fitted to the colonial sloop Victoria during 1866 & 1867. Later four of the guns were used as field guns at Hastings. Three of these guns are known to survive. Colony of Tasmania service As a result of the Jervois-Scratchley reports of 1877 into the defence of Australian colonies following the withdrawal of British troops, the Launceston Volunteer Artillery Corps in Tasmania acquired two guns on late-model iron carriages with iron wheels, which they continued to operate until at least 1902. Surviving examples A gun made by Royal Gun Factory in 1865 at Elizabeth Castle, Jersey Three guns recovered as bollards at Broughty Castle, Dundee, Scotland Restored gun No. 272 at Hastings-Western Port Historical Society Museum, Victoria, Australia Restored Gun No. 271 at Fort Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia Unrestored Gun No. 268 in Como Park, South Yarra, Victoria A gun at Fort Henry, Canada Preserved gun at Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Canada Royal Canadian Artillery Museum, Manitoba, Canada A 40-pounder side closing gun made by Elswick Ordnance Company at Royal Armouries, Fort Nelson, Portsmouth Fort St. Catherine's, Bermuda. One of eight (of which five are known to survive) sent to the Imperial fortress colony for use as mobile guns to be kept in storage and deployed as required, via the military road (now the South Shore Road) constructed in the 1860s and 1870s, to the various old fortified batteries on the South Shore that had been stripped of their fixed coastal artillery. Replaced by more modern weapons, some or all of these had been relegated to a saluting battery at Fort Victoria before the First World War, remaining there as late as the 1930s. Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda (two). Another of the eight sent to Bermuda was recovered, with its original mobile carriage, from Bailey's Bay Battery and has been restored and displayed in the Bermuda's Defence Heritage Exhibit (since it opened in 2002) of the Bermuda Maritime Museum (now National Museum of Bermuda) in the cellar of the Commissioner's House, atop the Keep of the fortified North Yard of the dockyard. A third (Mark I serial, number 280 G, manufactured by the Royal Gun Factory in 1864) was set into the wharf as a bollard at Red Barracks, near St. George's Town, on 26 June, 1936. The property is now a private home and guest house, and the owners donated the gun to the museum, which has recovered it and moved it to the Keep. Penno's Wharf, St. George's Town, Bermuda. Two were set into the wharf (with the warehouse on the wharf, historically used by the military ordnance) as bollards. These were recovered and restored, and are currently on iron mounts outside the door of the warehouse which now houses the World Heritage Centre created by the St. George's Foundation after the town, along with those fortresses at the East End of Bermuda, were designated in 2000 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) World Heritage Committee as a World Heritage Site, the Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda. On board HMS Warrior, Portsmouth, UK See also List of naval guns Armstrong gun Notes and references Bibliography Treatise on the construction and manufacture of ordnance in the British service. War Office, UK, 1877 Text Book of Gunnery, 1887. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE Text Book of Gunnery, 1902. LONDON : PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE Alexander Lyman Holley, "A treatise on Ordnance and Armor" published by D Van Nostrand, New York, 1865 External links Handbook for 40-pr rifled B.L. guns 32 and 35 cwt traveling, siege and 6-feet parapet carriages 1899 at State Library of Victoria Diagram of RBL 40-pdr on siege traveling carriage at Victorian Forts and Artillery website RBL 40-pdr on Platform, Medium No. 4 at Victorian Forts and Artillery website W.L. Ruffell, Armstrong RBL 40-pr W.L. Ruffell, "The Armstrong Gun Part 4: Other Armstrong Equipments in New Zealand" – use ashore in New Zealand Wars Diagram showing gun on block trail carriage Naval guns of the United Kingdom Artillery of the United Kingdom Elswick Ordnance Company 120 mm artillery Victorian-era weapons of the United Kingdom

20461573

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%20%28song%29

Island (song)

"Island" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddy Raven. It was released in April 1990 as the fourth single from the album Temporary Sanity. The song reached #10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Raven and Troy Seals. Chart performance Year-end charts References 1990 singles Eddy Raven songs Songs written by Troy Seals Songs written by Eddy Raven Song recordings produced by Barry Beckett Capitol Records Nashville singles 1990 songs

20461576

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albion%20press

Albion press

The Albion press is a model of early iron hand printing press, originally designed and manufactured in London by Richard Whittaker Cope (d. 1828?) around 1820. History The Albion press worked by a simple toggle action, unlike the complex lever-mechanism of the Columbian press and the Stanhope press. Albions continued to be manufactured, in a range of sizes, until the 1930s. They were used for commercial book-printing until the middle of the nineteenth century, and thereafter chiefly for proofing, jobbing work and by private presses. Francis Meynell often used an Albion to proof pages of his designs for Nonesuch Press books, and printed some small books and ephemera using the press. Printers still predominantly using an Albion Press in the United Kingdom to publish limited fine press editions include Ian Mortimer's I.M. Imprimit, and the St James Park Press of James Freemantle. After Cope's death, Albions were manufactured by his heirs and members of the Hopkinson family (trading initially as 'Jonathan and Jeremiah Barrett' and later as 'Hopkinson and Cope'), who are said to have improved the design. From the 1850s onwards Albion presses were manufactured under licence by other firms, notably Harrild & Sons, Miller and Richard, and Frederick Ullmer Ltd. The toggle-action, and the distinctive shape and 'crown' finial of the Albion, make it instantly recognizable. References Stone, Reynolds. The Albion press. London: Printing Historical Society, lc104173786 Photos of Albion Press in McCune Collection Letterpress printing

20461581

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen%27s%20%28restaurant%29

Allen's (restaurant)

Allen's was a hamburger joint and nightclub in Athens, Georgia. It was originally established in 1955 in the Normaltown neighborhood of Athens, but was later located at the corner of Hawthorne and Oglethorpe Avenues. It went out of business in November 2011. History Allen's was opened by Allen Saine. Saine later sold the business to Athens businessman Billy Slaughter. Slaughter hired Danny Self to run the business and eventually sold it to Self while keeping the real estate. Allen's got its "World Famous" nickname because of its proximity to the Navy Supply School. The student officers frequented Allen's. They wore Allen's T-shirts in ports all over the world. In 2002, Self died and Slaughter ended up with the business, eventually closing it in 2004 and later demolishing the building. In 2007, two University of Georgia alumni, Mark Hammond and Hilt Moree, III, acquired the rights to Allen's from Slaughter and re-opened it in a new location with much of the original memorabilia, recipes, and live music. It was located on Hawthorne Avenue, across the street from the Athens YMCA location but still on the edge of Normaltown. There were various pieces of local memorabilia framed on the walls. Allen's closed permanently on November 29, 2011. Notable patrons and employees Zell Miller worked there while attending the University of Georgia before going on to become a Governor and later a U.S. Senator. Notable patrons of Allen's include the late writer Lewis Grizzard, professional wrestler Bill Goldberg, lead guitarist/singer John Bell of Athens band Widespread Panic, R.E.M. lead singer Michael Stipe, residents of the world-famous "Annex" including Doug Callas, Britt Murrill (who also dominated the Cyclone pinball machine), Scott Poole, Chip Zimmerman, and Chris Lee, and The B-52's who namechecked Allen's in their 1989 single "Deadbeat Club": "Going down to Allen's for a 25 cent beer." References External material J.E. GESHWILER, November 13, 2002, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: B7 KAY POWELL, June 21, 2002, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: C8 SAEED AHMED, DATE: January 1, 2004, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: D1 PLOTT BRICE, DATE: November 28, 2003, PUBLICATION: Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (GA), EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: D1 Plott Brice, DATE: April 8, 2001, PUBLICATION: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution, EDITION: Home; The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: Metro News, PAGE: D4 Rebecca McCarthy and Cat Mantione-Holmes FOR THE JOURNAL-CONSTITUTION, DATE: December 19, 1997, PUBLICATION: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution, EDITION: The Atlanta Constitution The Atlanta Journal, SECTION: SPORTS, PAGE: E7 FOSKETT, KEN, DATE: April 30, 1994, PUBLICATION: The Atlanta Journal and The Atlanta Constitution,EDITION: The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, SECTION: STATE NEWS, PAGE: C/16 Nelson, Don, November 19, 2003, Athens Banner-Herald Moore, Jennifer, 2004, Athens Banner-Herald Quigley, Rebecca, May 14, 2007, Athens Banner-Herald Reese, Krista, July 2008, Georgia Trend Magazine 1955 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) 2011 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state) Restaurants established in 1955 Restaurants disestablished in 2011 Buildings and structures in Athens, Georgia Nightclubs in Georgia (U.S. state) Defunct nightclubs in the United States Restaurants in Athens, Georgia Defunct restaurants in the United States Tourist attractions in Athens, Georgia Defunct hamburger restaurants Hamburger restaurants in the United States

20461594

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Reginald%20Cox

Leslie Reginald Cox

Leslie Reginald Cox FRS (22 November 1897, Islington – 5 August 1965) was an English palaeontologist and malacologist. Education Cox was born to parents who worked as government servants, in the Post Office telephone engineers' department. When he was still young, the family moved to Harringay, where he at age six started attendance at the South Harringay County School. In 1909, he entered Owen's School in Islington, one of the old London grammar schools. Awards and honours Cox was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1950. His nomination reads: He was elected president of the Geologists' Association for 1954–56. Career In August 1916, Cox began his war service. Publications Cox's most important publications include: The fauna of the basal shell-bed of the Portland Stone, Isle of Portland.// Proceedings of the Dorset natural-historical and archeological Society, 1925.– Vol. 46.– p. 113-172, pls. 1-5.Synopsis of the Lamellibranchia and Gastropoda of the Portland beds of England. Part I.// Proceedings of the Dorset natural-historical and archeological Society, 1929.– Vol. 50.– p. 131-202.Fossil Mollusca from southern Persia (Iran) and Bahrei Island.// Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. Palaeontologia indica, 1936.– N. S., vol. 22, mem. №2.– ii+69 pp., 8 pls.A survey of the Mollusca of the British Great Oolite series primarily a nomenclatorial revision of the monographs by Morris et Lycett (1851-1855), Lycett (1836) and Blake (1905-1907). Part II.// Palaeontographical Society. Monographs, 1950.– Vol. 105, №449. – p. 49-105. (together with W. J. Arkell)Cretaceous and Eocene fossils from the Gold Coast.// Gold Coast Geological Survey. Bulletin, 1952.– №17.– 68 pp., 5 pls.The British Cretaceous Pleurotomariidae.// The Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Geology, 1960.– p. 385-423, 1 fig., pls. 44-60.The molluscan fauna and probable Lower Cretaceous age of the Nanutarra formation of Western Australia.// Department of National Development. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. Bulletin, 1961.– №61.– 53 pp., 1 fig., 7 pls.Jurassic Bivalvia and Gastropoda from Tanganyika and Kenya.// Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Geology, 1965.– Suppl. 1.– 213 pp., 2 figs., 30 pls.'' References 1897 births 1965 deaths 20th-century British geologists English malacologists People educated at Dame Alice Owen's School People from Harringay People from Islington (district) Fellows of the Royal Society Lyell Medal winners English palaeontologists 20th-century British zoologists Presidents of the Geologists' Association

17324768

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20St.%20Louis%20Blues%20season

1972–73 St. Louis Blues season

The 1972–73 St. Louis Blues season was the St. Louis Blues' sixth season in the National Hockey League (NHL). Offseason NHL Draft Regular season Final standings Schedule and results Playoffs Despite having a 32–34–12 record, the Blues managed to clinch a playoff spot. However, they lost in the first round to the Chicago Blackhawks 4–1. (W1) Chicago Black Hawks vs. (W4) St. Louis Blues Player statistics Regular season Scoring Goaltending Playoffs Scoring Goaltending See also 1972–73 NHL season References Blues on Hockey Database St. Louis Blues seasons St. Louis St. Louis St Louis St Louis

20461597

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hand%20Building

John Hand Building

John Hand Building is a mixed-use high rise building in Birmingham, Alabama, USA, with a height of . It was the tallest building in the city until surpassed by the City Federal Building in 1913. It comprises 20 floors and was completed in 1912. The lower eight floors are for commercial use and the upper twelve floors are for residential use. In 1983, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. From the time of its construction and up until the mid 1990s, the building had been owned and occupied by AmSouth Bancorporation and its predecessors. After AmSouth relocated employees to its other downtown offices and its Riverchase Campus, the building was sold to a group of developers. In 2000, it was renovated at a cost of $20 million. It served as the corporate headquarters of Cadence Bank and its predecessor bank until 2013 when it relocated to the Concord Center. The building now has since served as the corporate headquarters for Shipt, which had its logo on the south-side of the building until 2022, when it was replaced by the logo for Shipt's sister company, Landing. References External links Emporis.com http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=997 National Register of Historic Places in Birmingham, Alabama Commercial buildings completed in 1912 Residential buildings completed in 1912 Skyscraper office buildings in Birmingham, Alabama Neoclassical architecture in Alabama Commercial buildings in Alabama 1912 establishments in Alabama Skyscrapers in Birmingham, Alabama Residential skyscrapers in Alabama

20461601

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Martins%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201927%29

João Martins (footballer, born 1927)

João Baptista Martins (3 September 1927 – 16 November 1993) was a Portuguese footballer who played as a striker. Club career Born in Sines, Setúbal District, Martins signed with Sporting CP at the age of 19 for 100 escudos, after leaving G.D. CUF as the works team did not find him an occupation as originally promised. In his 13-year tenure in Lisbon, he won seven Primeira Liga championships and the 1954 Taça de Portugal. In the 1953–54 season, Martins scored 31 times in 23 matches for the champions. On 4 September 1955, he scored the first-ever goal in the history of the European Cup, opening a 3–3 home draw against FK Partizan at the Estádio Nacional. Martins was deployed in every attacking position during his spell with Sporting. The scorer of 258 competitive goals, he was also used as a makeshift goalkeeper in a game against Clube Oriental de Lisboa. International career Martins won 11 caps for Portugal over four and a half years. His first came on 23 November 1952, in a 1–1 friendly with Austria. Later life and death Martins settled in France after retiring, and worked in a factory. He died in that country in November 1993 aged 66, due to heart failure. See also List of one-club men References External links Portugal stats at Eu-Football 1927 births 1993 deaths People from Sines Sportspeople from Setúbal District Portuguese footballers Association football forwards Primeira Liga players G.D. Fabril players Sporting CP footballers Portugal international footballers Outfield association footballers who played in goal

20461655

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Martins

João Martins

João Martins is the name of: João Baptista Martins (1927–1993), Portuguese football forward João Carlos Martins (born 1940), Brazilian classical pianist João Paulo Neto Martins (born 1988), Portuguese football midfielder João Cleófas Martins (1901–1970), Cape Verdean photographer João Pedro Pinto Martins (born 1982), Angolan football forward

20461696

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brynley%20Jones

Brynley Jones

Brynley Jones (born 16 May 1959) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played in The Football League for Chester as a midfielder. He was born in St Asaph. Playing career A product of Chester's youth policy, Jones made his professional debut on the final day of 1976–77 away at Swindon Town. He remained involved in the first-team squad over the next five years, with one of the highlights coming in Chester's FA Cup fifth round tie at Ipswich Town in 1979–80 when Jones scored to give his side a shock lead. The following season saw him score an unusual goal away at Colchester United, when an attempted defensive clearance struck his shins and rebounded into the net from distance. Jones' final Chester appearance was also his last Football League outing, in Chester's 1–0 home defeat to Carlisle United in May 1982. The end of the season saw him follow manager John Cottam to Scarborough, where he played for one season in the Alliance Premier League. He later played for clubs including Bangor City and Oswestry Town. Personal life His son, Craig Jones, is also a professional footballer in the Football League with Bury and has been capped by Wales at semi-professional level. Bibliography References 1959 births Living people Welsh footballers Sportspeople from St Asaph English Football League players National League (English football) players Association football midfielders Chester City F.C. players Scarborough F.C. players Bangor City F.C. players Oswestry Town F.C. players Colwyn Bay F.C. players Oswestry Town F.C. managers Welsh football managers

20461700

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviary%20%28Lynchburg%2C%20Virginia%29

Aviary (Lynchburg, Virginia)

The Aviary is a historic aviary building located in Miller Park at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is a Queen Anne-style structure erected in 1902. The multi-sided exhibition house was designed by the local architectural firm of Frye & Chesterman. The building was a gift to the city of Lynchburg from Randolph Guggenheimer of New York City. When completed, the Aviary housed, "Seven cages containing monkeys, one with at least a half dozen healthy alligators, one with cockatoos, one with Australian doves, one with parrots and one with canaries." It later became a branch library and an office structure for the city Department of Parks and Recreation. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. References Agricultural buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia Queen Anne architecture in Virginia Buildings and structures completed in 1902 Buildings and structures in Lynchburg, Virginia National Register of Historic Places in Lynchburg, Virginia