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20462292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Alonso%20%28engineer%29 | Fernando Alonso (engineer) | Fernando Alonso Fernández (born March 11, 1956) was the Head of the Military Aircraft division of Airbus Defence and Space before he retired in 2019. He had been an Airbus employee since 1982. Until March 2015 he was Head of Flight and Integration Tests at Airbus. During his career, he has accumulated more than 3000 hours of test flights on new aircraft, such as the A318, A320, A330, A340, A340-600 and A350 XWB. He was part of the crew of the first ever A380 flight together with Jacques Rosay and four others.
Early life and career
Alonso was born in Madrid, Spain, in 1956. He attended United World College of the Atlantic in Cardiff, Wales. He then graduated from Technical University of Madrid as an Aeronautical Engineer.
Alonso joined Airbus as a performance engineer in 1982. Between 1995 and 2002 he was responsible for the development of flight controls and handling qualities during the flight test programs of the A319, A330-200, A340-500 and A340-600. In February 2002 he was appointed as president of the flight test division.
After retiring from Airbus Fernando Alonso became Visiting Professor at Cranfield University.
References
External links
Spanish engineers
Living people
1956 births
People educated at Atlantic College |
20462298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once%20Bitten%20%281932%20film%29 | Once Bitten (1932 film) | Once Bitten is a 1932 British comedy film directed by Leslie S. Hiscott and starring Richard Cooper, Ursula Jeans and Frank Pettingell. It was made at Twickenham Studios as a quota quickie.
Cast
Ursula Jeans as Clare
Richard Cooper as Toby Galloway
Frank Pettingell as Sir Timothy Blott
Jeanne Stuart as Alicia
Dino Galvani as Mario Fideli
Sydney King as Jerry
Anthony Holles as Legros
Kathleen Kelly as Anne
References
Bibliography
Chibnall, Steve. Quota Quickies: The Birth of the British 'B' Film. British Film Institute, 2007.
Low, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
Wood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.
External links
1932 films
1932 comedy films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Leslie S. Hiscott
British comedy films
Films shot at Twickenham Film Studios
Quota quickies
British black-and-white films
1930s British films |
20462306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Nagamine | Mount Nagamine | is a mountain in Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. This mountain is one of the major mountains of Rokko Mountains. Mount Nagamine literally means, long ridge mountain.
Outline
Mount Nagamine is on a ridge, which branches off a main ridge of Rokko Mountains. Because the ridge stretches to the south, toward the Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area, climbers can enjoy attractive views from the top. On the top of the mountain, there is a rock called ‘Tenguzuka’. This mountain belongs to the Setonaikai National Park.
Route
This mountain has major two routes to the top. One is from Hankyu Rokko Station, and the other is from Ōji-kōen Station. It takes one and half hours from these stations to the top.
Access
Rokko Station of Hankyu Kobe Line
Ōji-kōen Station of Hankyu Kobe Line
Gallery
References
Official Home Page of the Geographical Survey Institute in Japan
‘Kansaishuhen no Yama 250’, Yama to Keikokusha Osakashikyoku
Mountains of Hyōgo Prefecture |
20462313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%20Hotel | Kentucky Hotel | The Kentucky Hotel is a historic hotel building located at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is one of Lynchburg's three remaining early 19th century ordinaries. It was probably built before 1800, and is a -story structure of brick laid in Flemish bond. In about 1814, two side bays were completed, converting the house to a center hall plan.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. and is located in the Fifth Street Historic District.
References
External links
Kentucky Hotel, Fifth & Jackson Streets, Lynchburg, VA: 1 photos, 1 data page, and 1 photo caption page, at Historic American Buildings Survey
Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Federal architecture in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Lynchburg, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Lynchburg, Virginia
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Virginia |
20462318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroflot%20Flight%203352 | Aeroflot Flight 3352 | Aeroflot Flight 3352 was a Tupolev Tu-154 airline flight on a domestic route from Krasnodar to Novosibirsk, with an intermediate landing in Omsk. While landing at Omsk Airport on Thursday, 11 October 1984, the aircraft crashed into maintenance vehicles on the runway, killing 174 people on board and 4 on the ground. While a chain of mistakes in airport operations contributed to the accident, its major cause was an air traffic controller falling asleep on duty. , this remains the deadliest aviation accident on Russian territory. It was also the deadliest aviation accident involving a Tupolev Tu-154 at the time until the crash of Aeroflot Flight 7425 9 months later; as of 2022, it still ranks as the second-deadliest accident involving a Tupolev Tu-154. The tragedy was kept secret for twenty years, until Komsomolskaya Pravda published an article in 2004.
Background
The Tupolev Tu-154B-1 was operated by Aeroflot (later becoming East Siberia). It was equipped with three Kuznetsov NK-8-2U engines, and first flew in 1977.
The flight carried 170 passengers, including 8 teenagers and 16 young children; of luggage, of post, and of cargo.
The crew consisted of 4 cockpit members and 5 flight attendants. The 49-year-old captain Boris Petrovich Stepanov was highly experienced, with 16,365 hours in the air, including 4,303 hours of night flights and 1,846 hours on Tu-154. First officer was 47-year-old Anatoly Yachmenev with 2,748 hours recorded on Tu-154. The remaining two cockpit crew members were flight engineer Vitaly Pronozin and navigator Yuri Blazhin.
The flight was approaching Omsk in poor weather: light rain, visibility with a ceiling.
At the time it took place, the accident was the deadliest one in Soviet aviation history. It was surpassed on 10 July 1985 by Aeroflot Flight 7425, another Tu-154, which crashed in Uzbek SSR (modern day Uzbekistan), and killed 200 people.
Accident details
At 5:00 am local time (UTC/GMT +7 hours), Flight 3352 was preparing to land at Tsentralny Airport in Omsk, a key Russian city in southwestern Siberia, which has a population of over 1 million and is the administrative center of Omsk Oblast. At the time, this was the only aircraft approaching Omsk, and it was cleared for landing when it contacted the airport.
At 5:20 am, worried that the continuing rain would make the runway overly slippery, the airport ground maintenance crew requested permission to dry the runway. The ground controller on duty, 23-year-old Andrey Borodaenko, gave permission and proceeded to fall asleep soon after, in the process forgetting to switch on the "runway occupied" warning. Under airport regulations, this procedure should never have happened; permission to close and do maintenance on a runway could only be given by the chief controller, who was absent.
The maintenance crew, following the airport's routine, moved three vehicles to the runway: a UAZ-469 all-terrain vehicle with an attached trailer, operated by a driver and crew manager in front; followed by KrAZ and Ural trucks. The latter were equipped with dry air compressors and loaded with fuel, and weighed 16–20 tons. The drying detail then proceeded to violate their own safety rules while performing their tasks: all of their vehicles should have their top, flashing lights on continuously. However, the lights were too bright for the maintenance workers' liking, so they kept them lit only until they started and after they finished their work.
This intentional oversight caused the pilots to be unable to see the vehicles on the runway from their position. In contrast, the runway crew saw the Tu-154 coming at them from a good distance, with its landing lights on. They did attempt to contact ground control three times about the lights, but received no response and so ignored them, thinking they were being tested by a plane not on final approach.
Around 5:36 am, Flight 3352 requested permission to land from the approach controller Vasily Ogorodnikov. The request was sent twice; the pilots noticed vague contours on the runway and wanted to double check for obstacles. Ogorodnikov verified the runway status, which remained apparently unoccupied, then contacted the ground controller Borodaenko and received no response. He subsequently contacted the flight controller Boris Ishalov on internal radio and received an inaudible reply reported to sound like "...bodna" (), which was taken to mean "svobodna", meaning "free" (; communications were being taped and were analyzed later). Ogorodnikov cleared the landing, though unable to see the runway, and in spite of regulations that required him to keep the flight in the air and double check the runway's status. Both the ground controller and secondary controller should have been able to see the runway, but the former was asleep, and the latter was absent due to staff shortages.
At 5:38 am, the flight passed the lowest height at which the flight crew could abort the landing. The aircraft landed at a normal . On touchdown, the flight crew saw the array of drying vehicles and attempted to turn the aircraft, but were unable to avoid the collision. The plane crashed into the Ural truck and then down the runway crashed into the KrAZ, igniting the 7 tons of fuel in each truck and the aircraft's fuel tank. The plane overturned and broke into pieces, some of which crashed into the UAZ-469. A catastrophic fracture of the fuel tanks caused burning fuel to leak into the fuselage, incinerating all but one passenger. The cockpit section detached and flew past the burning vehicles. It suffered no major damage, and all four crew members survived, with only the first officer sustaining minor injuries. They escaped from the cabin and ran to the crash site in an attempt to help the passengers. Only one of the aircraft's passengers, Anatoly Bordonosov, survived. He lost his right leg in the accident and as of 2015 was living in Yurga, Kemerovo Oblast. Four ground maintenance crew were killed instantly inside the vehicles. One person in the passenger seat of the UAZ survived but caught on fire, which was extinguished.
Captain Stepanov returned to service after the crash and continued to fly for eight further years until he retired. He then appeared several times as an aviation expert in Russian media. He died on 14 November 2016. Decades after the crash, Stepanov said:
Investigation
A state investigation concluded that the accident was caused by a chain of mistakes owing to the negligence of air traffic controllers, as well as disobedience of basic airport maintenance and safety regulations. The ground controller Borodaenko was found directly responsible, as he fell asleep on the job and thus did not respond to emergency queries; he also allowed the service trucks to move onto the runway and did not mark the runway as occupied. At a hearing he could not recollect his actions during the time in question, but did not deny the charges. He was sentenced to 15 years and committed suicide in prison. In addition, the flight operations manager Boris Ishalov was also sentenced to 15 years in prison, the approach controller Vasily Ogorodnikov to 13 years, and the head of airport maintenance Mikhail Tokarev to 12 years. All three appealed their sentences, to no avail. Future inspections at numerous other Soviet airports also found similar types and numbers of violations of safety regulations, resulting in the firing of several high-level officials thereafter.
No pilot error or aircraft deficiency was found. The plane's weight and balance were within its defined norms. Due to poor visibility, the crew could not detect the obstructions on the runway. While they did have some reasonable doubts as to whether or not the runway was occupied, these were allayed by the approach controller's reassurances. The crew had only a few seconds to avoid the collision on the ground; they took evasive action, but could not possibly save the aircraft. They were thus absolved of any blame.
The flight and approach controllers were experienced professionals with at least 10 years of service. The 23-year-old ground controller on duty was inexperienced. He supposedly had not had enough sleep in the days before the accident, having had to care for his two young children.
The formal hearing of the case occurred only three months after the accident, due to the obvious set of circumstances; most of that time was spent on identifying the victims and locating their relatives. All of the accused, as well as their attorneys, received threats and were moved to the hearings under heavy security.
See also
Western Airlines Flight 2605
Singapore Airlines Flight 006
LATAM Perú Flight 2213
References
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1984
Aviation accidents and incidents in Russia
3352
Runway incursions
Aviation accidents and incidents caused by air traffic controller error
Accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154
Aviation accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union
1984 in the Soviet Union
Airliner accidents and incidents involving ground collisions
October 1984 events in Europe |
20462333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Garden | Royal Garden | Royal Garden is the largest residential building in height of Brazil, at 140 metres and 42 floors, according to List of skyscrapers in Brazil.
Created in 1988, it's the tallest in the state of Paraná.
Designed originally to be the largest in Latin America, this was prevented by the municipal government of the time since its construction during a fire in the 32nd floor was fought with great difficulty due to its height. After this happened, construction of buildings with more than 30 floors in the city was prohibited.
The Royal Garden is located at Avenida Tiradentes in Maringá, Paraná, the building has an apartment per floor, valued around 1,5 million of U.S. dollars each.
References
Buildings and structures in Paraná (state)
Residential skyscrapers in Brazil |
20462342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields%20of%20Joy | Fields of Joy | "Fields of Joy" is a song by American singer Lenny Kravitz and released on July 16, 1991, as the third single from his second studio album Mama Said.
Background
"Fields of Joy" is a cover of the 1971 song of the same name by the band New York Rock and Roll Ensemble. The song lyrics is about leaving all the troubles behind and go through the fields with a lover. The track features a guitar solo performed by Guns N' Roses' Slash. Slash and Kravitz were classmates at Beverly Hills High School but were not close. Kravitz explained to Music Radar, "When my first album was out, I went to the American Music Awards and Guns N’ Roses were getting awards and they were sitting in front of me. He and I just kept looking at each other. Then we realized we knew each other from school. So we started talking and were excited to meet each other again, especially the fact we were both making music. I was doing some overdub sessions for Mama Said, so he came in and played the solo on 'Fields of Joy.' It was a one-take solo and he wanted to play it over again, but I wouldn't let him. I always love first takes."
Reception
Elysa Gardner of Rolling Stone stated, "After 'Fields of Joy,' an opening cut that segues from a gentle acoustic intro into a searing burst of electric guitar, much of the first half of Mama Said plays like a sampling of black pop circa, say, 1972." Christopher A. Daniel of Albumism added, "Mama Said kicks off with 'Fields of Joy,' opening with a folky acoustic riff backing Kravitz’s psychedelic vocals resembling post-Beatles John Lennon. Guitarist Slash contributes some funk/rock shredding to boot."
Charts
References
Lenny Kravitz songs
1991 songs
Songs written by Lenny Kravitz |
20462343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0atijai | Šatijai | Šatijai is a village near Kaunas in Lithuania. It has a red brick estate, built in 1889 by the Christauskai family. In 1966 the estate consisted of a house, large stables, barn, granary, smithy, and garden. Until restoration of Lithuania's independence in 1990, the estate was neglected and fell in ruins. Consequently, the building was restored and turned into a restaurant and guesthouse. According to the 2011 census, the village had 415 residents.
References
Villages in Kaunas County |
17324893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373%20New%20York%20Rangers%20season | 1972–73 New York Rangers season | The 1972–73 New York Rangers season was the 47th season for the team in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Regular season
Final standings
Schedule and results
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1 || 7 || @ Detroit Red Wings || 5–3 || 0–1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2 || 8 || @ Chicago Black Hawks || 5–1 || 0–2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 3 || 11 || Vancouver Canucks || 5–3 || 1–2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 4 || 14 || @ Montreal Canadiens || 6–1 || 1–3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 5 || 15 || Minnesota North Stars || 6–2 || 2–3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 6 || 18 || Boston Bruins || 7–1 || 3–3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 7 || 21 || @ New York Islanders || 2–1 || 4–3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 8 || 22 || Montreal Canadiens || 1–1 || 4–3–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 9 || 25 || Philadelphia Flyers || 6–1 || 5–3–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 10 || 29 || Chicago Black Hawks || 7–1 || 6–3–1
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 11 || 1 || @ Chicago Black Hawks || 3–2 || 7–3–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 12 || 4 || @ Pittsburgh Penguins || 6–4 || 7–4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 13 || 5 || @ Philadelphia Flyers || 3–2 || 8–4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 14 || 8 || Vancouver Canucks || 5–2 || 9–4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 15 || 11 || California Golden Seals || 7–2 || 10–4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 16 || 12 || Los Angeles Kings || 5–1 || 11–4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 17 || 15 || Philadelphia Flyers || 7–3 || 12–4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 18 || 18 || @ St. Louis Blues || 3–1 || 13–4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 19 || 19 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 5–3 || 13–5–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 20 || 21 || @ Atlanta Flames || 3–1 || 14–5–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 21 || 23 || @ Buffalo Sabres || 5–3 || 14–6–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 22 || 26 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 7–4 || 15–6–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 23 || 28 || @ Vancouver Canucks || 2–1 || 15–7–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 24 || 29 || @ Los Angeles Kings || 2–2 || 15–7–2
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 25 || 1 || @ California Golden Seals || 3–3 || 15–7–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 26 || 3 || Atlanta Flames || 3–2 || 16–7–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 27 || 6 || Buffalo Sabres || 3–2 || 16–8–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 28 || 9 || @ New York Islanders || 4–1 || 17–8–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 29 || 10 || New York Islanders || 4–1 || 18–8–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 30 || 13 || @ Toronto Maple Leafs || 4–3 || 19–8–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 31 || 14 || @ Boston Bruins || 4–2 || 19–9–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 32 || 16 || @ Minnesota North Stars || 5–1 || 19–10–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 33 || 17 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 9–1 || 20–10–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 34 || 20 || @ St. Louis Blues || 5–4 || 21–10–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 35 || 21 || Atlanta Flames || 5–2 || 21–11–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 36 || 24 || Detroit Red Wings || 5–0 || 22–11–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 37 || 27 || Buffalo Sabres || 4–1 || 22–12–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 38 || 31 || St. Louis Blues || 6–1 || 23–12–3
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 39 || 3 || Los Angeles Kings || 3–0 || 24–12–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 40 || 6 || Buffalo Sabres || 4–1 || 24–13–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 41 || 7 || Pittsburgh Penguins || 3–0 || 25–13–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 42 || 11 || @ Buffalo Sabres || 4–2 || 26–13–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 43 || 13 || @ St. Louis Blues || 5–3 || 27–13–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 44 || 14 || @ Philadelphia Flyers || 5–2 || 28–13–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 45 || 17 || @ Los Angeles Kings || 4–4 || 28–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 46 || 19 || @ California Golden Seals || 6–0 || 29–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 47 || 20 || @ Vancouver Canucks || 4–3 || 30–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 48 || 24 || Boston Bruins || 4–2 || 31–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 49 || 27 || @ Detroit Red Wings || 6–3 || 32–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 50 || 28 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 5–2 || 33–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 51 || 31 || California Golden Seals || 3–1 || 34–13–4
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 52 || 3 || @ Boston Bruins || 7–3 || 35–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 53 || 4 || Atlanta Flames || 6–0 || 36–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 54 || 7 || New York Islanders || 6–0 || 37–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 55 || 10 || @ New York Islanders || 6–0 || 38–13–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 56 || 11 || Montreal Canadiens || 2–2 || 38–13–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 57 || 14 || @ Montreal Canadiens || 6–3 || 38–14–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 58 || 15 || @ Buffalo Sabres || 4–1 || 38–15–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 59 || 18 || New York Islanders || 3–2 || 39–15–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 60 || 21 || @ Los Angeles Kings || 4–3 || 40–15–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 61 || 23 || @ California Golden Seals || 5–3 || 40–16–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 62 || 25 || Minnesota North Stars || 6–5 || 41–16–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 63 || 28 || Chicago Black Hawks || 3–3 || 41–16–6
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 64 || 3 || @ Detroit Red Wings || 6–3 || 42–16–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 65 || 4 || Vancouver Canucks || 4–3 || 42–17–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 66 || 7 || Philadelphia Flyers || 2–2 || 42–17–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 67 || 10 || @ Pittsburgh Penguins || 5–4 || 43–17–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 68 || 11 || Toronto Maple Leafs || 4–2 || 44–17–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 69 || 14 || @ Chicago Black Hawks || 4–2 || 44–18–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 70 || 17 || @ Toronto Maple Leafs || 7–5 || 44–19–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 71 || 18 || St. Louis Blues || 3–1 || 45–19–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 72 || 20 || @ Minnesota North Stars || 6–1 || 46–19–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 73 || 22 || @ Atlanta Flames || 4–1 || 47–19–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 74 || 24 || @ Boston Bruins || 3–0 || 47–20–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 75 || 25 || Minnesota North Stars || 2–1 || 47–21–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 76 || 28 || Boston Bruins || 6–3 || 47–22–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 77 || 31 || @ Montreal Canadiens || 5–1 || 47–23–7
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="white"
| 78 || 1 || Detroit Red Wings || 3–3 || 47–23–8
|-
Playoffs
Key: Win Loss
Player statistics
Skaters
Goaltenders
†Denotes player spent time with another team before joining Rangers. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.
‡Traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with Rangers only.
Awards and records
Transactions
The Rangers defense lost their gifted-defenseman, Brad Park due to a knee injury that occurred on 11/15/72 against the Flyers, which forced him out of the lineup for the next 18 games. Looking to plug that hole, they searched around the league for another talented-defenseman but prospects were sparse. So, on 11/28/72, they settled on veteran defenseman Ron Harris of the Flames who had minimal offensive skills but played a physical checking game. A 26-year-old forward, by the name of Curt Bennett was still scoreless with the Rangers while mostly sitting on the bench, so he was sent to the Flames in exchange. Both guys ultimately paid dividends for their new teams. Harris was instrumental in winning key games for the Rangers in different ways such as: against the rival-Bruins in game #2 of the 1973 playoffs, he threw a legal, rolling, hip-check at Phil Esposito which injured him, thus, sinking the hopes of the Bruins since they lost that playoff series; plus then, in a key 1974 playoff game against the Canadians, Harris scored the game-winning goal in overtime which eventually sparked the Rangers in winning that playoff series. Likewise, the Flames cashed in on Curt Bennett since he finally and quickly matured with them by becoming an excellent goal-scorer and their toughest fighter.
Draft picks
New York's picks at the 1972 NHL Amateur Draft in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Farm teams
See also
1972–73 NHL season
References
External links
Rangers on Hockey Database
New York Rangers seasons
New York Rangers
New York Rangers
New York Rangers
New York Rangers
Madison Square Garden
1970s in Manhattan |
20462354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20African%20Cup%20Winners%27%20Cup | 1984 African Cup Winners' Cup | The 1984 season of the African Cup Winners' Cup football club tournament was won by Al Ahly in two-legged final victory against Canon Yaoundé. This was the tenth season that the tournament took place for the winners of each African country's domestic cup. Thirty-five sides entered the competition, with CAP Owendo and Horoya AC withdrawing before the 1st leg of the first round.
Preliminary round
|}
1:2nd leg abandoned at 1-0 for Lage after 80 minutes due to darkness; Avia Sports qualified
First round
|}
1:CAP Owendo were disbanded by the Gabon government before 1st leg.
2:Horoya AC withdrew before 1st leg due to death of Guinea's president Ahmed Sekou Touré.
Second round
|}
Quarterfinals
|}
Semifinals
|}
Final
Al-Ahli SC (Tripoli) withdrew before the final for political reasons (refusing to play Egyptian teams) and were replaced by Canon Yaoundé.
|}
Winners
External links
Results available on CAF Official Website
African Cup Winners' Cup
2 |
17324908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LongPen | LongPen | The LongPen is a remote signing device conceived of by writer Margaret Atwood in 2004 and debuted in 2006. It allows a person to remotely write in ink anywhere in the world via tablet PC and the Internet and a robotic hand. It also supports an audio and video conversation between the endpoints, such as a fan and author, while a book is being signed.
The system was used by Conrad Black, who was under arrest, to "attend" a book signing event without leaving his home.
See also
List of Canadian inventions and discoveries
Interactive whiteboard
Polygraph (duplicating device)
Autopen
Telautograph, another remote signing device, patented by Elisha Gray in 1888
References
Pointing-device text input
Computing output devices
Margaret Atwood |
20462358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trident%20House | Trident House | Trident House is the eighth tallest high rise residential building in the city of Birmingham, England, with a height of 61 metres (200 feet). It comprises 19 floors and was completed in 1981.
External links
Residential buildings completed in 1981
Buildings and structures in Birmingham, West Midlands |
20462360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop%20zone%20%28disambiguation%29 | Drop zone (disambiguation) | A drop zone is a place where parachutists or parachuted supplies land.
Drop zone may also refer to:
Drop Zone (film), a 1994 American action film
Dropzone, a 1984 shoot 'em up video game by Archer Maclean
Drop Zone (G.I. Joe), a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe
Drop zone (sports) or relegation zone, in sports with promotion and relegation, teams low enough in the table to be subject to relegation
"Drop-Zone" (Young Justice), an episode of Young Justice
Drop Zone: Stunt Tower, now known as Drop Tower: Scream Zone, a type of amusement ride at Cedar Fair amusement and theme parks in North America
"Drop Zone", a song by Michael Woods
"Drop Zone", a song by JJ Lawhorn
See also
Landing zone (disambiguation)
Landing pad (disambiguation)
Drop (disambiguation)
Zone (disambiguation)
DZ (disambiguation) |
17324943 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedarcroft%2C%20Baltimore | Cedarcroft, Baltimore | Cedarcroft is a distinctive residential neighborhood in the North district of Baltimore, bordered by Gittings, East Lake and Bellona Avenue avenues and York Road. According to Baltimore City's Commission for Historical and Architectural Preservation (CHAP), the houses in Cedarcroft are in the Dutch Colonial Revival, Federal Revival, Tudor Revival, Georgian Revival, Cape Cod Revival, Bungalow, and Italianate styles of architecture.
History
Most of the homes in Cedarcroft were built between 1910 and 1939 by the Cedarcroft Land Company.
In 1885, Philip E. Lamb purchased fronting York Road north of the rural village of Govanstown. On the property was a house that had been built in 1846. A few years later, he bought an additional . He called his estate Cedarcroft, and in 1886 built a substantial addition to the 1846 house which still stands at 6204 Sycamore Road.
The Cedarcroft Land Company was formed about 1910 by Philip and George Lamb, along with George Van Hollen, William McGeen and C.L. Applegarth. Later they were joined by Frank A. Warner, Jr., and Edward L. Palmer, the architect credited with the design of the development, which was between York and Bellona, Lake and Gittings.
Episcopalians living nearby met in makeshift quarters and were anxious to build a church. In 1911, the diocese bought land on the southwest corner of Cedarcroft and York roads for $5,000. The church was dedicated in 1913. Ten years later, it was moved a few hundred feet, from the center of the lot, on soaped beams so that a parish house could be added.
After the lots had been sold, the Cedarcroft Land Company was liquidated in the early 1920s, and its successor, the Cedarcroft Maintenance Corporation was chartered and the Cedarcroft Improvement Association formed. All of the covenants, restrictions and regulations made by the Land Company were incorporated in the Maintenance Corporation, the latter remaining the governing body of Cedarcroft. All restrictions and requirements set by the Land Company were preserved.
The records of the corporation and improvement association are maintained in a loose leaf binder entitled, "Beginning 1926", although, the records date from 1929. The 1929 treasurer's report shows payments of $13 for cutting grass on vacant lots and $112.50 for top soil, hauling leaves and operating the snow plow. These traditional codes governed the construction of single-family houses cost not less than $6000; most of the homes sold between 2012 and 2018 between $300,000 and $850,000 price range. They are all built according to the neighborhood plan and color scheme regulations. In 2016 the final unbuilt lot was built upon.
By 1921 thirty houses had been constructed on the association lots. Corner lots sold for $2000 and interior block lots sold for $1800. The rapid surge of immigrants and Baltimore residents moving north initiated the creation of Cedarcroft's Maintenance Corporation and Improvement Association.
Cedarcroft Maintenance Corporation's covenants remain in place; however, they are subject to homeowner's approval and vote periodically to renew and approve changes. Plans, color schemes and renovations are submitted to the group for approval. Due to the larger size and higher values of Cedarcroft houses, the neighborhood saw a sizable number of young family groups moving in.
In 2015, 10 units within Cedarcroft were sold; the average price of these sales was $427,830, the median being $439,750. Aside from renovations to the houses of the neighborhood and the growth of trees and landscaping, Cedarcroft looks much as it did in the mid-1900s. The distinguishing features of the area are its traditional Revival style houses, and narrow streets lined with arched trees, "reminiscent of medieval arches." In 2012, Cedarcroft is a diverse community, attracting traditional and non-traditional families from a variety of backgrounds. While the historical character remains intact through neighborhood efforts, Cedarcroft exists and thrives without constrictive and intrusive rules. Owners wishing to renovate are encouraged to have neighbor buy-in of plans before they are presented to the Cedarcroft Improvement Corporation. This process allows for individuality, yet builds cooperation between neighbors. In 2016, the first new house in the neighborhood since 1953 was added on the final unbuilt lot.
Located in City Council District Four, Cedarcroft has been listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.
According to the 2000 Demographic profile, 97.8% of the houses in Cedarcroft are occupied, more than 91% by owners. 75.6% of the houses are family households.
Cedarcroft remains the calm and beautiful neighborhood envisioned by the Lamb's despite its increasingly urban surrounding. The tight-knit community comes together naturally, celebrating October block parties, Halloween parades, and Christmas decoration contests together. This historic district is quite simply a "diamond in the rough" of an evolving and progressing city.
Demographics
According to the last census, 91.5% of the residents are white, 5.1% are black, 1.7% Asian and 2.5% are Hispanic. 21.9% of the white residents are reported as of Irish ancestry, another 16.7% English, 34.2% German and 14.9% Italian. The median family income is $99,389 with 0% of those in the workforce unemployed. 100% of the residents are high school graduates and 34.1% report having a graduate or professional degree.
Government representation
Buildings of interest
Nativity Episcopalian Church
During the early years of the Cedarcroft development, the new community did not have a church. In 1910, Reverend Charles Hensel began a new mission by holding services in the newly constructed houses in the community. The structure of what is now known as the Church of the Nativity was originally built in Garrett County, Maryland. In 1913, the Tudor Revival style edifice was dismantled and transported to what is now 419 Cedarcroft Road. The first official church service was held on Christmas of the same year. The construction of the Parish House in 1923 required the entire church structure to be moved toward the York Road extremity of the property.
In 1947, the Cedarcroft School was established within the church as a preschool and kindergarten. As the population in the community of Cedarcroft grew in the 1950s, structural additions were made to the church including a passageway to the Parish House, now used by the Cedarcroft School.
Cedarcroft School
Edith Gentry, a graduate of the nearby College of Notre Dame, established the Cedarcroft School in 1947. Using the west wing of the Church of Nativity in Cedarcroft as their venue, teachers place exceptional emphasis on proper manners and the "philosophy that every child learns differently". The establishment is coed, nonsectarian, and is the school to many young children of the Cedarcroft community and surrounding neighborhoods.
The Lamb Estate
6204 Sycamore Road is the site of the original house built by Philip Lamb in 1886. The mansion was the first constructed on Lamb's estate, which is now the Cedarcroft neighborhood.
The house is symmetrical, featuring a cross-gable roof, sash windows with shutters, a porch elevated by Doric columns, and a simple bracketed cornice. This Eastlake style, closely associated with the Victorian Revival, was very prominent in the 1880s.
Architectural styles
Cedarcroft's architectural styles are varied, and include Federal Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Gothic Revival, Cape Cod Revival, Colonial Revival, English Cottage, Split-Level, and Ranch variants. Federal Revival is the style most prevalent; however, the degree in which any particular house is an homage to any "high style" elements was a matter for the architect and client to decide. Many houses incorporate attributes that can "bleed" between more highly defined styles. The houses pictured in this gallery are a sampling of the type of homes in the area.
Georgian Revival houses of the early 1900s-The symmetrical sash windows, the tall chimneys, and triangular pediments, held above the front entrances by Doric columns, distinguish the Georgian style. Also, the simple cornices and dormer windows built into the gable roofs distinguish these houses as Georgian Revival.
Dutch Colonial Revival style of the early 1900s is also prominent. The pictured house features a shingled gambrel roof with 6 by 6 paneled sash windows. On the first floor is a pediment entryway and 8 by 8 paneled sash windows, surrounded with shutters.
American Four-Square style is also present in Cedarcroft. The house is essentially a cube with a pyramidal roof set on top. On each side of the pyramid is a centered dormer window for the attic of the house. Bay windows that extend through both stories of the house are another common feature of the American Four-Square style, which was most common between 1910 and 1930.
Bungaloid-The term Bungalow applies strictly to one-story cottage style houses with front porches dominating the street facade. The Bungaloid is cousin of the bungalow, and the term is applied to houses of "one and a half" to two-story dwellings popular from the early 1900s through the 1940s. In this example, a steep gable roof includes a large multi-sash window triangular dormer. The shallower gable covers an open porch that is held up by Doric columns. Also, the entire structure is supported by a large stone foundation that is exposed as part of the architecture. These houses often are noted for their fumed interior oak woodwork, built-in cabinets and other factors popularized by Gustave Stickley who championed the American Arts and Crafts movement.
Lastly, houses of the Tudor Revival style, such as the building above on the right, are found across Cedarcroft. Houses such as these contained elements from a variety of styles popular throughout the 1920s and 30s. In this stucco-exterior finished sample the slate roof, and half-round hood over the front door, are an homage to cottages found in Great Britain.
References
External links
North District Maps, Baltimore City Neighborhoods Portal
, including photo dated 2002, at Maryland Historical Trust, and accompanying map
See also
List of Baltimore neighborhoods
Neighborhoods in Baltimore
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore
Victorian architecture in Maryland
Northern Baltimore |
20462402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspar%20Azevedo | Gaspar Azevedo | José Gaspar da Silva Azevedo (born 1 June 1975), known simply as Gaspar, is a Portuguese retired professional footballer who played as a central defender.
Club career
Gaspar was born in Santo Tirso, Porto District. During the vast majority of his career, he rarely spent more than one season with the same club. He represented C.D. Trofense, F.C. Tirsense (where he made his Primeira Liga debut), Vitória de Setúbal, FC Porto (which were crowned league champions at the end of the 1997–98 campaign, but he was only fourth of fifth choice in his position), Leça FC – in a brief return to the Segunda Liga – F.C. Alverca (he represented the Lisbon side on two occasions), F.C. Paços de Ferreira and Gil Vicente FC.
In the 2004–05 campaign, Gaspar played for AC Ajaccio in France, appearing in 16 Ligue 1 matches, then switched back to his country with C.F. Os Belenenses. At the age of already 32 he would settle at Rio Ave F.C., helping the Vila do Conde team return to the top division in his first season while adding a round-of-16 presence in the Taça de Portugal.
From 2008 to 2011, Gaspar only missed five league matches for Rio Ave, also netting three goals as the club consecutively managed to retain its league status. In July 2012, having made a total of 322 appearances in the Portuguese top tier (19 goals), he signed for one year with S.C. Covilhã of division two.
Post-retirement
After retiring, Gaspar worked in precision metalworking.
Honours
Porto
Primeira Liga: 1997–98
Taça de Portugal: 1997–98
References
External links
National team data
1975 births
Living people
People from Santo Tirso
Sportspeople from Porto District
Portuguese footballers
Association football defenders
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
C.D. Trofense players
F.C. Tirsense players
Vitória F.C. players
FC Porto players
Leça F.C. players
F.C. Alverca players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
Gil Vicente F.C. players
C.F. Os Belenenses players
Rio Ave F.C. players
S.C. Covilhã players
Varzim S.C. players
Ligue 1 players
AC Ajaccio players
Portugal under-21 international footballers
Portuguese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in France
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in France |
20462411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid%20Motors | Pyramid Motors | Pyramid Motors is a historic automobile showroom building located at Lynchburg, Virginia, United States. It is a one-story building with a yellow brick façade with contrasting red-brick details constructed in 1937. The building presented, like the Lincoln-Zephyr that the dealership sold, a streamlined, "modern" appearance in the Art Deco style.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It is located in the Fifth Street Historic District.
References
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Commercial buildings completed in 1937
Streamline Moderne architecture in Virginia
Retail buildings in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Lynchburg, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Lynchburg, Virginia
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Virginia |
6899615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20tallest%20structures%20in%20Japan | List of tallest structures in Japan | Japan has more than 270 high-rise buildings above 150 metres (492 ft). Unlike other Asian countries with skyscrapers exceeding 400 metres (1312 ft) in height, Japan's skyscrapers are relatively shorter. Construction is difficult due to the high cost of labor and construction material; all buildings above 50 metres (164 ft) must also be as earthquake-proof as possible and adhere to other strict structural standards.
The tallest building in Japan is currently the tall Azabudai Hills Main Tower, located in Azabudai Hills, Tokyo. One new building are set to rise over 300 metres and surpass Abeno Harukas as Japan's tallest. In 2027, the 390-metre (1279 ft) Torch Tower, to be built at the Tokyo Torch district, will become the new tallest building in Japan.
Completed
This list ranks Japanese skyscrapers that stand at least 180 metres (590 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This height includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed. Existing partially habitable structures are included for comparison purposes; however, they are not ranked.
Under construction
This lists buildings and free-standing structures that are under construction in Japan and are planned to rise at least 180 metres (590 ft). Any buildings that have been topped out but are not completed are also included.
Proposed
This lists buildings that are proposed for construction in Japan and are planned to rise at least 180 metres (591 ft).
Timeline of tallest buildings
This is a list of buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Japan. From its completion in 1958 and until the opening of the Tokyo Skytree in 2011, Tokyo Tower retained the title of tallest structure in Japan, aside from various guyed masts that were built in the 1960s and 1970s, later dismantled in the 1990s.
Tallest structures
This list ranks Japanese structures that stand at least 210 metres (689 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This height includes spires, architectural details and antenna masts.
Demolished or destroyed structures
See also
List of tallest structures in Tokyo
List of tallest structures in Osaka Prefecture
List of tallest buildings in Nagoya
List of tallest buildings in Asia
List of tallest buildings
References
General
Diagram of Japanese skyscrapers at SkyscraperPage.com
Specific
External links
Diagram of skyscrapers at SkyscraperPage.com
Tallest buildings
Japan |
6899623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Democratic%20Alliance | Southern Democratic Alliance | The Southern Democratic Alliance () is a pro-democracy political organization in Hong Kong. The Alliance was founded on February 1, 2004.
Its stated mission is to unite South Asians with local Chinese to build up a colorful Hong Kong. According to the party's chair, James Lung, local media have termed the Alliance the "Rising Sun of South Asians in the city."
Specifically emphasizing the need for stronger anti-discrimination legislation, the Alliance has focused on the desires of South Asians, specifically the Nepalese population in Hong Kong. One ally of the party has been the Nepalese spiritual group Heavenly Path. The two groups cosponsored a peace rally on July 1, 2007, which organizers claim drew more than 100 attendees.
The party's support for peace and reconciliation, including between mainland China and Taiwan, is at odds with official policy. This and other disagreement may have led to the August 4, 2008 closure of e-Wiki, a collaborative wiki website that hosted articles linking party chairman James Lung to the banned Falun Gong movement and which described his criticism of China's Communist Party. More recently, the Alliance has petitioned for the accommodation of English-dominant minority groups in Hong Kong, asking the Subcommittee on Race Discrimination to make English-language job postings available from the labor department.
The Southern Democratic Alliance first fielded candidates in the 2008 Legislative Council elections, in the Kowloon West district. Its nominees were party chairman James Lung and Heavenly Path spiritual leader Sukra Bantawa, an ethnic Nepali. In the September 7, 2008 election, the Alliance received only 591 votes, out of 206,583 cast, or 0.3%.
References
External links
Website of Southern Democratic Alliance
Political parties established in 2004
Political parties in Hong Kong |
20462415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson%20Press | Samson Press | The Samson Press was a small letterpress printing business or private press run by Joan Mary Shelmerdine (1899–1994) and Flora Margaret Grierson (1899–1966). In its early years it was known for producing small editions of literary works with high quality artwork, and later for the production of greetings cards and ephemera to the same high standards.
History
They began printing in 1930, at a cottage in Stuart Road, Warlingham in Surrey, and produced a number of small books and a good deal of ephemera. They exhibited their work in Edinburgh: first at Grierson's family home in 1934 and then "books, woodcuts, lino-cuts, new Christmas cards" at Parsons' Gallery, Queen Street. The press was destroyed by fire in late 1936 and they subsequently moved to Woodstock in Oxfordshire, where they re-established the press in 1937. Their Woodstock premises in Park Street are now marked by a plaque. They ceased printing for a while during the war, but re-opened the press in 1946 and continued to work, mostly producing greetings cards and other ephemera, until 1967, when the press was formally closed (following the death of Grierson in the previous year). Shelmerdine subsequently presented the press's archive, along with its type and printing equipment, to the Bodleian Library in Oxford.
The Samson Press was unusual for being run by two women, on a commercial footing, at a time when women found it very hard to find practical employment in the printing industry. It was also notable for its patronage of young and unknown artists, who were commissioned to provide wood-engravings, linocuts and drawings for the press's publications. Iain Macnab was an early friend of the press, and produced numerous images for Grierson and Shelmerdine, and some of the other artists employed by the press, such as Tom Chadwick and Gwenda Morgan, were pupils at Macnab's Grosvenor School of Art.
Their distinctive books have been collected by libraries and private collectors, although their commercial success as printers and publishers was always limited. Art historian Sir John Boardman has said that "Samson Press was a very important place and had a wonderful art deco and nouveau style at the beginning of the war." In the 1930s the press did some printing on vellum.
Some of Samson's authors were personal friends, like Edwin and Willa Muir. Edwin Muir expressed his gratitude for a "beautiful volume" of his work (Six Poems, 1932) in the preface to a later collection of poetry. In 1932 the press published 5 songs from the Auvergnat; done into Modern Scots, by Willa Muir. She and Flora Grierson co-authored an unpublished piece called Alas, We females! A Modest Proposal for the Solution of Many Problems by the Abolition of the Female Sex.
Grierson and Shelmerdine
Flora Lucy Margaret Grierson (1899–1966) was one of five daughters born in Aberdeen to Mary and Herbert Grierson, a scholar and academic. The family moved to Edinburgh when Flora was about 16. Seen as the "brilliant" one in a literary household she went to Oxford University and "flourished" there, according to her sister, writer Janet Teissier du Cros. It was at Somerville College, Oxford that she met Joan Shelmerdine. Before moving to Surrey in 1930 they shared a flat in London. Grierson published her first book Haunting Edinburgh in 1929, with illustrations by Katharine Cameron, whose work was also used by Samson. In 1933 her translation from Latin of Historia de Duobus Amantibus by Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) was published as The Tale of the Two Lovers. Her book The Story of Woodstock Gloves was published by Samson in 1962. She died in 1966.
Joan Mary Shelmerdine (1899–1994) was born in Lancashire and studied French at Somerville College, Oxford where she met Flora Grierson. In 1929 she published a translation with introduction to The Secret History of Henrietta, Princess of England, first wife of Philippe, Duc d'Orléans, together with Memoirs of the Court of France for the Years 1688-1689. In 1951 Samson published her Introduction to Woodstock, with drawings by Iain Macnab. When Shelmerdine died in 1994, the death announcement in The Times described her as "Founder of the Samson Press and lifelong friend of the late Flora Grierson".
References
Ransom, Will. Selective check-lists of press books. New York: Duschnes, 1947–1950.
Nash, Paul W. "The Samson Press archive at the Bodleian". The Bodleian Library record (21:2, October 2008, pp. 256–261).
Nash, Paul W. "The Samson Press". Matrix (34, 2020, pp. 75–85).
External links
Photograph of Flora Grierson
Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Small press publishing companies
Publishing companies established in 1930
British companies established in 1930 |
20462419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga%20Kozlova | Olga Kozlova | Olga Kozlova (; born 1986 in Penza, Russia) is a Russian pianist. She graduated from the Moscow Special Gnesin's School of Music in 2004 and is currently studying at the Moscow Conservatory.
She made it to the 2005 Frédéric Chopin International Piano Competition semi-finals, and has subsequently been awarded 2nd prizes at the 2008 Premio Jaén and Ricard Viñes competitions. Her discographical debut was a recording of Franz Liszt's Sonata coupled with Leo Weiner's orchestral arrangement of the work.
On 9 April 2011 Olga Kozlova was awarded the Second Prize and the Press Prize of the 9th International Franz Liszt Piano Competition in Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Notes
References
El País, April 2008
Liszt School of Music Weimar
ArkivMusic
Concurs de Piano Ricard Viñes, Lleida
External links
Olga's official website
Russian classical pianists
Russian women pianists
Living people
21st-century classical pianists
1986 births
Women classical pianists
21st-century women pianists |
6899628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VeloBind | VeloBind | VeloBind is a type of book binding often offered at copy and print shops. Velobinding involves punching several small holes along the edge of an unbound book. A strip of plastic with rigid tines is inserted into the holes from the top of the book, and a strip with corresponding holes is placed on the back with the tines protruding through. The book is then placed in a machine that holds the book tightly while the excess length of the tines is cut and the tips melted to seal the bind. The term "VeloBind" is a trademark of the General Binding Corporation, but is regularly used generically to refer to this process, though strip binding is also sometimes used.
Though velobinding is intended to be permanent, the binding can be carefully removed using a utility knife or the special cutting tool included with the binding machine.
Hardcover books can be created using the VeloBind process. Two adhesive inner covers are bound with the prospective contents. These adhesive pages are applied to the inside of a paperboard hard case, itself decoratively covered and containing an adhesive strip that matches with the spine. Book information can be embossed onto the cover with a contrasting foil. VeloBind hardcovers are often used to preserve theses and dissertations.
It is possible to take a soft covered Velo-bound book, remove the old binding and cover, and re-bind it with a hard cover, which may be pre-embossed for more a more impressive appearance. This rapid up-grade was the cause of the short-lived motto "Soft to hard in 30 seconds!"
That was first done when the firm was located in Sunnyvale, California.
There are a number of different styles of Velobind that are available from GBC. The most common style of Velobind strips have eleven pins that are equally spaced across the spine. This style of strips is used by a hot knife binding machine such as the GBC V800pro, Velobind System 2 or Velobind System Three Pro. All of those machines use a heated knife to permanently weld documents in place.
Other styles of Velobind binding strips include four pin reclosable strips and six pin reclosable strips. Four pin Velobind strips are designed for use with either an eleven hole pattern or with a four hole pattern. Six pin strips are designed for use with the personal velobinder which has now been discontinued. Both of these styles of strips allow users to edit their documents by simply snapping the excess portion of the pins into the back of the receiving strip.
One other style of GBC Velobind strips is the 111 or One-Eleven binding strips. The style uses a strip with serrated pins. The machine compresses the spine together locking the pages in place and then cuts the excess portion of the pins off to finish the document. The GBC 111 Velobind machine has been discontinued for many years and the supplies for this binding style are becoming difficult to find.
References
See also
Unibind
External links
Official Site: ACCO/GBC
VeloBind products page
Bookbinding |
20462420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinke | Heinke | Heinke may refer to:
Heinke (diving equipment manufacturer) (1818–1869), a 19th-century British manufacturer of diving equipment
George H. Heinke (1882–1940), Nebraska Republican politician
Harald Heinke (born 1955), German Olympic judoka
Sarah Heinke, American voice actress; see Strawberry Shortcake: Rockaberry Roll
Heinke van der Merwe (born 1985, Johannesburg), professional South African rugby player
See also
Heincke
Dutch masculine given names
Low German surnames
Surnames from given names |
20462439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hann%20River | Hann River | The Hann River is a river in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
The traditional owners of the areas around the river are the Wurla.
It was named after the first European to explore the river, Frank Hann, who had seen it during his expedition to the region in 1898 and named it the Phillips River. It was renamed in 1900 by the Surveyor General H F Johnston to honour Hann; a Philips River already existed in the south of the state.
The river rises below Mount Lacy and Sir John Gorge and then flows in a southerly direction past Mount Elizabeth then crossing the Gibb River Road. The river then cuts through the Barnett Range and then passes through the Phillips Range via Moll Gorge and flows through the Talbot Range until it flows into the Fitzroy River, of which it is a tributary, near Pinnamutta-Murrawong Hill.
The Hann has 12 tributaries, including Traine River, Barnett River, Harris Creek, Bella Creek, Macnamara Creek, Crocodile Creek and Grey Mare Creek.
The river has the only known specimens of the grass-like Whiteochloa sp. Hann River, a threatened species of Poaceae, located along its course.
Fish such as the western rainbowfish, the Kimberley archerfish, Greenway's grunter and the false spotted gudgeon have all been found within the river system.
References
Rivers of the Kimberley region of Western Australia |
20462443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelacanthopsis | Coelacanthopsis | Coelacanthopsis is an extinct genus of lobe-finned fish which lived during the Carboniferous period.
The Coelacanth is the only living example of the fossil Coelacanth fishes Actinistia. They are also the closest link between fish and the first amphibian creatures which made the transition from sea to land in the Devonian period (408-362 Million Years Ago). That such a creature could have existed for so long is nearly incredible, but some say that the cold depths of the West Indian Ocean at which the Coelacanth thrives, and the small number of predators it has, may have helped the species survive eons of change.
The Coelacanth was first discovered in 1938 by Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, the curator of a small museum in the port town of East London, as she was visiting a fisherman who would let her search through his boat's catch for interesting specimens. Ironically, Marjorie was only visiting the sea captain to wish him a happy Christmas when she first spotted the Coelacanth's oddly shaped, blue-gray fin protruding from beneath a mountain of fish. Marjorie brought back the specimen to the museum where she compared it against images of known species, and ultimately realized what she had was no ordinary fish.
After sending a rough drawing of the fish to Professor J.L.B. Smith, at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, who in turn confirmed that the creature she had discovered on the boat's deck was indeed a prehistoric fish, a Coelacanth to be exact.
Since then, Coelacanth populations have been found near Indonesia, South Africa, and other unexpected places. While there have been enough sightings of the creature to indicate that there is more than one area where the species exists, it remains a highly protected and mysterious animal, a living fossil which may, or may not be the only creature from our past which has survived millions of years of evolution.
Some place it in the family Rhabdodermatidae.
References
Coelacanthiformes
Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera
Carboniferous bony fish |
20462446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel%20Neumann | Axel Neumann | Axel Neumann (born 22 April 1952) is a German retired professional footballer who played professionally in the North American Soccer League.
A defender and midfielder, Neumann began his career with Tennis Borussia Berlin. In 1975, he moved to the United States and signed with the Boston Minutemen of the North American Soccer League. In 1977, he began the season with Team Hawaii. On 8 July 1977, he moved to the Las Vegas Quicksilvers.
References
External links
NASL career stats
1952 births
Living people
Footballers from Berlin
Boston Minutemen players
California Surf players
German footballers
German expatriate footballers
Las Vegas Quicksilver players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
San Diego Sockers (NASL) players
Team Hawaii players
Tennis Borussia Berlin players
Association football midfielders |
6899646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead-bismuth%20eutectic | Lead-bismuth eutectic | Lead-Bismuth Eutectic or LBE is a eutectic alloy of lead (44.5 at%) and bismuth (55.5 at%) used as a coolant in some nuclear reactors, and is a proposed coolant for the lead-cooled fast reactor, part of the Generation IV reactor initiative.
It has a melting point of 123.5 °C/255.3 °F (pure lead melts at 327 °C/621 °F, pure bismuth at 271 °C/520 °F) and a boiling point of 1,670 °C/3,038 °F.
Lead-bismuth alloys with between 30% and 75% bismuth all have melting points below 200 °C/392 °F.
Alloys with between 48% and 63% bismuth have melting points below 150 °C/302 °F.
While lead expands slightly on melting and bismuth contracts slightly on melting, LBE has negligible change in volume on melting.
History
The Soviet Alfa-class submarines used LBE as a coolant for their nuclear reactors throughout the Cold War.
The Russians are the acknowledged experts in lead-bismuth cooled reactors, with OKB Gidropress (the Russian developers of the VVER-type Light-water reactors) having special expertise in their development. The SVBR-75/100, a modern design of this type, is one example of the extensive Russian experience with this technology.
Gen4 Energy (formerly Hyperion Power Generation), a United States firm connected with Los Alamos National Laboratory, announced plans in 2008 to design and deploy a uranium nitride fueled small modular reactor cooled by lead-bismuth eutectic for commercial power generation, district heating, and desalinization. The proposed reactor, called the Gen4 Module, is planned as a 70 MWth reactor of the sealed modular type, factory assembled and transported to site for installation, and transported back to factory for refueling.
Advantages
As compared to sodium-based liquid metal coolants such as liquid sodium or NaK, lead-based coolants have significantly higher boiling points, meaning a reactor can be operated without risk of coolant boiling at much higher temperatures. This improves thermal efficiency and could potentially allow hydrogen production through thermochemical processes.
Lead and LBE also do not react readily with water or air, in contrast to sodium and NaK which ignite spontaneously in air and react explosively with water. This means that lead- or LBE-cooled reactors, unlike sodium-cooled designs, would not need an intermediate coolant loop, which reduces the capital investment required for a plant.
Both lead and bismuth are also an excellent radiation shield, absorbing gamma radiation while simultaneously being virtually transparent to neutrons. In contrast, sodium forms the potent gamma emitter sodium-24 (half-life 15 hours) following intense neutron radiation, requiring a large radiation shield for the primary cooling loop.
As heavy nuclei, lead and bismuth can be used as spallation targets for non-fission neutron production, as in accelerator transmutation of waste (see energy amplifier).
Both lead-based and sodium-based coolants have the advantage of relatively high boiling points as compared to water, meaning it is not necessary to pressurise the reactor even at high temperatures. This improves safety as it reduces the probability of a loss of coolant accident (LOCA), and allows for passively safe designs. The thermodynamic cycle (Carnot cycle) is also more efficient with a larger difference of temperature. However, a disadvantage of higher temperatures is also the higher corrosion rate of metallic structural components in LBE due to their increased solubility in liquid LBE with temperature (formation of amalgam) and to liquid metal embrittlement.
Limitations
Lead and LBE coolant are more corrosive to steel than sodium, and this puts an upper limit on the velocity of coolant flow through the reactor due to safety considerations. Furthermore, the higher melting points of lead and LBE (327 °C and 123.5 °C respectively) may mean that solidification of the coolant may be a greater problem when the reactor is operated at lower temperatures.
Finally, upon neutron radiation bismuth-209, the main isotope of bismuth present in LBE coolant, undergoes neutron capture and subsequent beta decay, forming polonium-210, a potent alpha emitter. The presence of radioactive polonium in the coolant would require special precautions to control alpha contamination during refueling of the reactor and handling components in contact with LBE.
See also
Subcritical reactor (accelerator-driven system)
References
External links
NEA 2015 LBE Handbook
Fusible alloys
Nuclear reactor coolants
Nuclear materials
Bismuth |
17324966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20Island | Bay Island | Bay Island is a two mile long island situated in the North Great Neck area of Virginia Beach, Virginia. The island is bordered by Long Creek to the north and Broad Bay to the south, both offshoots of the Lynnhaven River, and is connected to the mainland by the West Great Neck Bridge on the western side of the island. The island traditionally contains two residential neighborhoods: Broad Bay Colony on the western side of the island and Bay Island on the eastern side, although most residents just refer to the entire residential area as Bay Island. The two neighborhoods share a homeowners' association as well as several other community clubs, such as the Garden Club. Children in the neighborhood attend three schools depending on grade level: John B. Dey Elementary School, Great Neck Middle School, and Frank W. Cox High School. The island is susceptible to flooding, especially on the northern and western sides of the island. Due to this, even small hurricanes or tropical storms may cause the need for an entire evacuation of the island, as the roads on the western side flood, blocking the only exit from the island. This can happen even when the rest of Virginia Beach is not affected by a storm.
References
Coastal islands of Virginia
Communities in Virginia Beach, Virginia
Bodies of water of Virginia Beach, Virginia |
20462447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germania%20Br%C3%B6tzingen | Germania Brötzingen | Germania Brötzingen was a German association football club from the district of Brötzingen in Pforzheim, Baden-Württemberg. Together with the 1. FC Pforzheim and VfR Pforzheim, it was one of three clubs in the city who have played higher league football.
On 1 July 2011, the club merged with 1. FC Eutingen to form SV Kickers Pforzheim, with the new side playing in the tier seven Landesliga.
History
The club was established in December 1906 as Fuβball-Club Germania Brötzingen. In 1913, it was merged briefly with Ballspielclub 05 Brötzingen as BC Germania Pforzheim, but the union quickly fell apart. Following World War I, in 1920, several clubs including Turnverein Brötzingen, KSV Achilles Brötzingen, and Radfahrclub Sturm Brötzingen joined with FC to create the current club.
FC enjoyed a steady string of successes in local play that soon saw the club promoted to the senior regional circuit, the Kreisliga Südwest and then the Bezirksliga Württemberg-Baden, where they took part in qualification for the national playoff round in 1928–29. Following the reorganization of German football under the Third Reich into 16 top flight divisions, Brötzingen became part of the Gauliga Baden. A poor campaign led to the
club's demotion after their debut season, but they returned to the Gauliga to play three more seasons between 1935–38.
After World War II, FC became part of the Amateurliga Nordbaden-Süd, later the Amateurliga Baden (II), where they fared poorly through the late 40s and 50s. The side improved in the 60s and enjoyed local title and cup wins on their way to promotion to the Amateurliga Nordbaden (III) in 1968. FC was relegated after a 16th-place result there in 1971 and returned to the Bezirksliga (VIII) level.
Spending its final four seasons at Kreisliga level, where the side achieved a second-place finish in 2011, the club eventually disappeared through a merger with 1. FC Eutingen to form SV Kickers Pforzheim on 1 July 2011.
Honours
Bezirksliga Württemberg-Baden (I)
Champions: 1929
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:
With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.
International players
Theodor Burkhardt, appeared for the national side in 1930, playing one game against the Hungary national football team.
References
External links
SV Kickers Pforzheim website
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
Football clubs in Germany
Defunct football clubs in Baden-Württemberg
Association football clubs established in 1906
Pforzheim
1906 establishments in Germany
2011 disestablishments in Germany
Association football clubs disestablished in 2011 |
20462476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey%20Zasimovich | Sergey Zasimovich | Sergey Sergeyevich Zasimovich (; born 11 March 1986) is a Kazakhstani high jumper.
He was born in Karagandinskaya. As a junior, he finished seventh at the 2004 Asian Junior Championships and twelfth at the 2005 Asian Championships, and won the gold medal at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games. In 2006 he finished fifth at the Asian Indoor Championships, but won the silver medal at the Asian Games. He furthermore won a silver at the 2007 Asian Indoor Games and the gold medal at the 2008 Asian Indoor Championships.
His success at regional meets then waned some, finishing ninth at the 2009 Asian Championships, sixth at the 2010 Asian Indoor Championships and eleventh at the 2011 Asian Championships.
He has never reached a final at a major global competition. He competed at the 2007 World Championships, the 2008 World Indoor Championships, the 2008 Olympic Games, the 2009 Summer Universiade, the 2010 World Indoor Championships and the 2010 Asian Games without reaching the final.
His personal best of 2.30 metres was recorded in June 2007 in Bangkok. He is 1.93 m and weighs 72 kg.
His father and coach, also called Sergey Zasimovich, was a high jumper as well.
Competition record
References
1986 births
Living people
Kazakhstani male high jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Kazakhstan
Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Asian Games silver medalists for Kazakhstan
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games |
20462491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karolina%20%28singer%29 | Karolina (singer) | Keren Karolina Avratz, professionally known as Karolina, is a singer/songwriter from Eilat, Israel. She is the lead singer of the trio Habanot Nechama.
Biography
Keren (Karolina) Avratz was born on 19 March 1971 in Jaffa and raised in Eilat. Given the nickname "Karolina" by her grandmother, Karolina's musical influences came primarily from within her household, as well as from attending the Red Sea Jazz Festival. She listened to Greek, Arabic, Turkish and other music on a daily basis. Her brother, Joseph Avratz, introduced her to soul, jazz and new wave music, and she collaborated with another brother, Shlomi Avratz, in his project Madbooja. After a few lessons in classical guitar at the age of fifteen, she studied on her own.
Music career
At the beginning of her recording career, in 1999, Karolina recorded a track with Spoiled and Zigo under her given name "Keren". Later creating "MC Karolina" a concept project that initially focused on a solo sound system shows for the club scene. This project led to multiple recordings with various artists.
In 2000, Karolina founded Funset with musicians in Tel Aviv (bass: Uri Kleinman, keyboards: Shaul Eshet, drums: Atraf Moshe Assraf, dj: Yoav Rattner, sound: Guy Margalit, guitar: Shai Pertz). In 2004, she was invited by Israeli producers crew "Soulico" to record "Lo Tzipity" - an Israeli version of a track called "It's a Pity" originally released by Tanya Stephens and Seeed. Intending for the track to just be for fun, it eventually became a top 5 hit on the airwaves even though it was never officially released.
That same year Karolina formed a trio, Habanot Nechama, with Yael Deckelbaum and Dana Adini. Their debut was an acoustic night at the Jah-Pan club in the artsy Florentin neighborhood in south Tel Aviv.
In 2005, Funset released their first album, a unique combination of Reggae, Nu Soul, and live Trip-hop that enchanted crowds all over the country. The album, called Ragga Pumpkin received critical acclaim, including an ACUM (Israeli ASCAP) award for composition.
Karolina continued to be featured on compilations and tracks, including the hit song, Music is Ruling My World with Kutiman. In 2007, Habanot Nechama released its debut album, which went platinum in Israel and the track So Far, written and composed by Karolina, won her second ACUM award for "Best New Song of 2007".
Karolina's solo album “What Shall I Do Now?” (December 2009) which won an ACUM for its producing by Sabbo and Kutiman, blends rock, groove, funk, and soul to achieve a distinct 70's feel. The first three singles released from this album, including “Happiness” and “Nobody is Coming for Me,” have been Top 3 radio hits on Israeli airwaves and the album has been a number one seller in Israel since its release.
Karolina has recently embarked on an international career. Her tracks have been featured on compilations worldwide and on Kutiman’s recent album. Fader Magazine’s music editors called Karolina’s music “perfect for summer jamming purposes.”
Musical collaboration
Along with performing with Funset and Habanot Nechama, Karolina has worked with other musicians, both Israeli and international. She has collaborated with Soulico, Kutiman and DJ Sabbo in Israel. In 2007, Karolina opened for The Black Eyed Peas as a solo acoustic set & for Lauryn Hill that same year. In 2008 Karolina joined bass player Yossi Fine, Sabbo and Kutiman to open for Erykah Badu. In 2010 Karolina and Kutiman created a music video for her single "Smile 2 Me" that has been placed on display at Hammer Museum in Los Angeles for the Flux Screening Series. Karolina also performed with Ziggy Marley in Israel on his tour in 2011.
Discography
Funset - Ragga Pumpkin, CD, 2005 (Nana Music, IL)
LO TZIPITI, Single, 2005
Polar Pair featuring Karolina – Over My Head. 12”, 2005 (Tru Thoughts, UK)
Kutiman featuring Karolina – Music is Ruling My World. 12”, 2007 (Melting Pot Music, Germany)
Habanot Nechama – Self Titled. CD, 2007 (Labeleh, IL)
Funset – No Blame (from Best Seven Selections 2). CD, 2007 (Sonar Kollektiv, Germany)
Yaya featuring Karolina – Soon. Single, 2007 (Hed Arzi, IL)
Funset – Bring It Out (from cooking music). Mix CD, 2007 (Honey Apple, IL)
Kutiman featuring Karolina – Losing It; Trumpet Woman; Music is Ruling My World (From Kutiman, self-titled). CD & LP, 2007 (Melting Pot Music, Germany)
Karolina – Yom Bo Yakum (from Avoda Ivrit) 2008 (Avoda Ivrit, IL)
Karolina - "What Will I Do Now?" CD, 2009 (B.M.usic, Israel)
Karolina - "Zohar" - CD 2012
Karolina - "Shalosh" - CD 2017
See also
Music in Israel
References
External links
Karolina's official website
Official MySpace Site
1971 births
21st-century Israeli women singers
Living people
People from Jaffa
People from Eilat |
20462508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Pila%C5%A1 | Bruno Pilaš | Bruno Pilaš (21 November 1950 – 11 June 2011) was a Yugoslavian professional footballer who played as a striker in the NASL between 1973 and 1977 for the Toronto Metros-Croatia.
Playing career
Before his arrival to North America he began his career in 1969 with GNK Dinamo Zagreb. In 1971, he went abroad to play in the National Soccer League (NSL) with Toronto Croatia, where he won the NSL Championship.
Managerial career
In 1977, due to chronic injuries he retired from professional football, and embarked upon a coaching career where he managed Toronto Croatia several times in the Canadian Professional Soccer League. In 1987, he served as the head coach for Toronto Croatia in the National Soccer League. In 1993, he managed NSL rivals Toronto Italia.
References
1950 births
2011 deaths
Sportspeople from Zagreb
Association football forwards
Yugoslav footballers
Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984) players
Toronto Croatia players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Canadian National Soccer League players
Yugoslav expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer players in Canada
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Yugoslav football managers
Croatian football managers
Toronto Croatia managers
Canadian Soccer League (1998–present) managers
Canadian National Soccer League coaches
Yugoslav expatriate football managers
Croatian expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer managers in Canada
Croatian expatriate sportspeople in Canada |
6899647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Legault | François Legault | François Legault (; born May 26, 1957) is a Canadian politician serving as the 32nd premier of Quebec since 2018. A member of the Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ), he has led the party since its founding in 2011. Legault sits as a member of the National Assembly (MNA) for the Lanaudière region riding of L'Assomption. Prior to entering politics, he was the co-founder of the Canadian airline Air Transat.
Legault was a MNA from 1998 to 2009—serving in the governments of former premiers Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry—as the minister of education from 1998 to 2002 and as the minister of health from 2002 to 2003. He was a member of the Parti Québécois (PQ), first elected in the 1998 Quebec election in the riding of Rousseau. He was re-elected in 2003, 2007 and 2008 but resigned his seat on June 25, 2009. He returned to the legislature following his victory in the 2012 Quebec provincial election as the MNA for L'Assomption, a suburb of Montreal. He was reelected in 2014, 2018 and 2022. Legault is the first premier not be a member of the Quebec Liberal Party or the Parti Québécois (PQ) since Jean-Jacques Bertrand's 1970 Union Nationale government and the first to serve under at least two monarchs since Maurice Duplessis.
Early life and education
François Legault was born on May 26, 1957, at the Lachine Hospital and grew up in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec. His father, Lucien Legault, was a postmaster. His mother, Pauline Schetagne, was a housewife who also worked as a cashier at the local A&P grocery store.
Legault has a bachelor's and master's degree in business administration from HEC Montréal. He is also a member of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Business career
Legault worked as an administrator for Provigo and an auditor for Ernst & Young until 1984. In 1985, Legault became the director of finance and administration at Nationair Canada and then marketing director at Quebecair. He then co-founded Air Transat in 1986, and was until 1997 its chief executive officer. The airline quickly became one of the largest airline companies in Canada offering charter flights. From 1995 to 1998, Legault sat on the boards of various companies, including Provigo Inc., Culinar, Sico, Technilab Inc. and Bestar Inc., and the Marc-Aurèle Fortin private museum.
Political career
Parti Québécois
After his 1998 election, Legault was appointed by Lucien Bouchard as minister for industry and commerce. He was later named the minister of education.
When Bouchard resigned, Legault supported Bernard Landry.
Landry appointed Legault as minister of education and later as minister of health and social services. He was re-elected in 2003 while the PQ lost to the Quebec Liberal Party. He remained on the PQ front bench as the critic for economics, economic development, and finances.
Legault endorsed Richard Legendre in the 2005 PQ leadership election, which was won by André Boisclair. After his re-election in 2007, Legault was renamed the PQ critic for economic development and finances.
Legault was re-elected in the 2008 election but announced on June 25, 2009, that would retire from politics. He was seen by some political analysts at the time as a potential contender in a future leadership election. However, some Liberals thought that he could replace Jean Charest, then premier.
Coalition Avenir Québec
In February 2011, Legault co-founded with Charles Sirois a new political movement called the "Coalition pour l'avenir du Québec" ("Coalition for the Future of Quebec"). In November 2011 it became an official party under the name Coalition Avenir Québec (CAQ). The CAQ aims to bring together like-minded voters in a single party regardless of their views on Quebec nationalism, Quebec federalism and Quebec autonomism. In a break with his sovereigntist past, Legault promised that a CAQ government would never hold a referendum on sovereignty. Soon after retiring from politics, he became disenchanted with sovereigntism and resigned from the PQ. He concluded that Quebec belongs within Canada but has vowed that a CAQ government would "explore all options" to defend Quebec's interests and demand greater power.
The party finished third in the 2012 general election, winning 19 seats and 27.05 percent of the vote. In the 2014 general election, the CAQ finished third again, but increased their seat count to 22.
In the 2018 general election on October 1, Legault led the CAQ to a gain of 53 seats for a total of 74, vaulting the CAQ from third place to a majority of 11 and making Legault the premier of Quebec. He is the first premier in 48 years to not hail from the Liberals or Parti Québécois.
Legault led the CAQ again in the 2022 general election to a second straight majority. Legault gained 14 seats in the election, expanding his caucus.
Premier of Quebec (2018–present)
On October 18, 2018, Legault was sworn in as Premier of Quebec, marking the end of nearly 50 years of Liberal and Parti Québécois rule in the province.
Religious symbols
Having run on the platform during the 2018 election, on March 28, 2019, the Quebec government tabled its long-awaited secularism bill. Bill 21, entitled "An Act respecting the laicity of the State", if made law, would ban public workers in positions of authority from wearing religious symbols. This would include any public employee who carries a weapon, including police officers, courthouse constables, bodyguards, prison guards and wildlife officers, as well as Crown prosecutors, government lawyers and judges, school principals, vice-principals and teachers. The bill invoked notwithstanding clause of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to prevent it from being overturned by the courts.
The bill passed on June 17 by a 73–35 vote, with backing of the Parti Québécois while the Liberals and Quebec Solidaire were opposed. The Coalition Avenir Quebec government also introduced a last-minute amendment toughening the law, making provisions for a minister to verify that it is being obeyed and to demand corrective measures if necessary.
Immigration
Under Legault CAQ government, he has decreased immigration numbers to 40,000 in 2019, and he has also in 2019 introduced a values test for immigrants.
In 2019, during a European Trip to France, Legault said he wants more French and other European immigrants to come to Quebec with the overall immigration numbers cut.
In August 2019, Legault said to businesses that they need to boost wages if they want to find workers. this came after some business called for immigration increase.
In December 2019, during a meeting with Governor of California Gavin Newsom, Legault declared that all French-Canadians are Catholic.
In June 2022, Legault said he's against Multiculturalism.
Language
In May 2022, The CAQ government of Legault passed Bill 96, with 78 MNAs in favour (from the CAQ and Québec solidaire) and 29 against (from the Liberal Party and Parti Québécois). The bill strengthen the 1970s Charter of the French Language bill.
In that same year Legault caused some controversy when he said that Quebec risked being a Louisiana (which used to be French-speaking but no longer) if Quebec doesn't have more control over immigration policy.
2019 apology to Indigenous peoples
Legault apologized to First Nations and Inuit in October 2019 for discrimination they suffered in dealing with the state, noting the Province of Quebec had failed in its duty to them. He acknowledged that apologies are but a first step, and more work needs to be done to break down barriers and rectify long-standing problems.
COVID-19 response
During the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak, Legault organized daily press conferences with Director of Public Health Horacio Arruda and Minister of Health Danielle McCann, starting March 12, to encourage the population to stay home and keep hygiene measures that would help suppress spread of the virus. In May, Canada's chief science adviser, Mona Nemer, criticized Quebec for its lack of testing and tracing strategy.
Environmental targets
In November 2020, Legault announced the government's plan to tackle climate change, which would involve a ban on the sale of new gas-powered vehicles from 2035 (commercial vehicles and second-hand cars would be exempt). Some experts have said that rather than focusing on electric vehicles, more funds should be committed to public transit and climate change mitigation.
Education
Under Legault government, They passed Bill 40 on February 8, 2020. This expropriated the province's 60 French school boards, turning them into school service centres.
Bill 40 was passed to expropriate school boards that have been running in English style for 175 years. This did not include nine English school boards. But the move is seen as further undermining English-language education in the province.
After the Controversy over academic freedom at the University of Ottawa, According to Legault, events like the one at the University of Ottawa are caused by a handful of radical activists who are trying to engage in Censorship.
In April 2022, the Legault government tabled Bill 32, a bill on Academic freedom in universities. The bill passed on June 2022.
Buy Local initiative
Legault and his government has promoted a buy local campaign. His government in early 2020 formed an online directory of local Quebec retailers in a website called — or Blue Basket. The aim of is to be a local version and a competitor to Amazon to sell Quebec products. As early as November 2019 Legault supported calls for the creation of a Quebec version of Amazon, which his economy minister described as a way to serve nationalist customers.
Bibliography
Cap sur un Québec gagnant : le projet Saint-Laurent , Montréal, Éditions du Boréal, 2013, 304 p.
Personal life
Legault married Isabelle Brais on March 7, 1992, in Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, and has two children. He was raised in the Montreal suburb of Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue.
Legault is Catholic.
Awards and honours
Legault has been a Fellow of the (Order of Chartered Accountants of Québec) since 2000.
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
French Quebecers
Canadian Roman Catholics
Premiers of Quebec
Parti Québécois MNAs
Coalition Avenir Québec MNAs
Quebec political party leaders
People from Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec
Conservatism in Canada
Canadian businesspeople
Canadian accountants
Canadian economists
Canadian financiers
HEC Montréal alumni
Canadian company founders
Canadian airline chief executives
Canadian political party founders
21st-century Canadian politicians
Members of the Executive Council of Quebec
Right-wing politics in Canada
Businesspeople from Montreal
Critics of multiculturalism |
20462512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshterski | Meshterski | Meshterski () or Meshtrenski (мещренски) was a cant, or secret sociolect, of the south Bulgarian builders, bricklayers and masons. The name comes from the word мещра meshtra, "master", from Latin magister. Meshterski served a linguistically isolating purpose, enabling the builders to communicate in secrecy, and a socially isolating purpose, emphasizing the builders' perceived supremacy over their contractors.
Distribution and vocabulary
The sociolect emerged among the Bulgarian masons in southwestern Macedonia, adjacent to the Albanian lands. As a result, it includes a large number of Albanian loanwords, e.g. бука buka, "bread", from bukё; гяхта gyahta, "cheese", from djathë; мерам meram, "to take", from marr. There are much fewer loans from Greek (e.g. лашма lashma, "mud", from λάσπη laspi; карекла karekla, "chair", from καρέκλα karékla) and Turkish (e.g. пиринч pirinch, "rice", from pirinç; сакал sakal, "beard", from sakal). Later, the language spread through migration to northeastern Macedonia (the region of Gotse Delchev), the Rhodope Mountains around Smolyan, and the areas of Asenovgrad, Kazanlak and the sub-Balkan valleys.
Although loanwords often remained semantically unchanged, the Bulgarian vocabulary in the sociolect was substituted with native metaphors, metonyms and words from different roots, so as to conceal the true meaning to outsiders, e.g. мокра mokra ("wet", fem.) for вода voda, "water"; гледач gledach ("looker") for око oko, "eye", обло oblo ("round", neut.) for яйце yaytse, "egg". The lexis of Meshterski included not only professional terms and basic vocabulary, but also other words, including religious terms, such as Светлив Svetliv, "Luminous", referring to God or a saint.
Meshterski also spread to other social areas: it was borrowed by tinsmiths in at least one village in the Rhodopes, although with a much reduced vocabulary and renamed to Ganamarski. Albanian words mediated through Meshterski have also entered informal Bulgarian; these included кекав kekav, "weak, sickly" (from keq); кинти kinti, "money, dough" (from qind, "hundred"), скивам skivam, "to see, to take a look" (from shqyrtoj), келеш kelesh, "squirt, mangy fellow" (from qelesh).
Examples
See also
Banjački, the cant of bricklayers in Podrinje, western Balkans
Purishte, Albanian language sociolect spoken by masons of the Opar region
Footnotes
References
External links
Short dictionary of Meshterski
Cant languages
Occupational cryptolects
Bulgarian language
Dialects of the Bulgarian language |
20462513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor%20Brown%20%28speedway%20rider%29 | Ivor Brown (speedway rider) | Ivor John Brown (30 May 1927 – 30 March 2005) was a motorcycle speedway rider and captain of Cradley Heathens speedway team during the 1960s. After retiring from riding he became promoter of Long Eaton and Scunthorpe speedway. His off-track occupation was postmaster and grocer of the village General Stores in Wymeswold.
Career
Born in Wymeswold, Leicestershire, Ivor Brown started speedway racing at Long Eaton in 1952, following earlier grasstrack riding, and moved to second-half rides at Birmingham and then Leicester. He made a few team appearances for Leicester Hunters between 1953 and 1959, but it was at Yarmouth that he first made regular team appearances, when he was skipper of the Yarmouth Bloaters team in the Southern Area League and the 1960 inaugural Provincial League competition, scoring 176 points from 18 matches.
With the closure of Yarmouth he transferred to Cradley Heath Heathens for 1961. He topped the Provincial League averages and led the team to three Knockout Cup finals (including two wins) in four years. In 1965 and the formation of an amalgamated British League he sustained serious injuries to his lower spine at the Wimbledon Internationale in a clash with Ove Fundin. Although he returned to racing the same season, his subsequent form suffered at this level and, with further injuries, he retired at the end of the 1968 season. In eight seasons at Cradley he averaged close to ten points per match. He was a regular holder of the Silver Sash, the Provincial League match race championship.
Brown died in 2005. A trophy named in his honour was contested in a challenge match between the successors to two of his former clubs, the Leicester Lions and the Dudley Heathens, in 2011.
References
British Speedway Leagues 1946-1964,Peter Morrish 1984, Publisher: Midland Speedway Agency.
1927 births
2005 deaths
British speedway riders
English motorcycle racers
Cradley Heathens riders
Yarmouth Bloaters riders
People from Wymeswold |
20462514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivlem%C3%B8yane | Kivlemøyane | Kivlemøyane (English: The Kivle Maids) is the popular name of three dairy maids in Seljord, Telemark, who according to legend were turned to stone. Their image is presented in a natural formation in the mountain of Skorve in the valley Kivledalen. The legend also formed the basis for a number of Norwegian folk tunes.
The legend
This Norwegian legend tells of three maids who played their clarions during mass. Their music was so beautiful that all the attendants were distracted, and went out to listen to them instead of the priest. This angered the priest, who cursed the girls and turned them to stone. They are still visible in the mountain. After some sources, the minister involved was the last Roman Catholic priest in Seljord. The legend presents an orphic theme, and also indicates that the maids may have been seductive forest creatures (Hulders).
Music connected to the legend
There are a number of folk tunes and dance tunes connected to this legend. In Seljord, a regular suite was performed and preserved, consisting of four separate tunes. The music was played on Willow flute and Hardanger fiddle. Many of the dances are fairly old. Most of this music derives from Seljord, and has been played in unbroken tradition from local fiddlers. Classical composer Edvard Grieg (1843–1907) arranged one of those dances for piano, and composer Eivind Groven (1901–1977) played and arranged another. There are in all some twelve to fifteen tunes sorted in three separate suites connected to the legend.
Art connected to the legend
The legend was first recorded by Andreas Faye (1802–1869) who published Norske Folke-Sagn, a collection of Norwegian tales and legends in 1837. Later, versions of the tale is recorded by a number of folklorists, among then Magnus Brostrup Landstad, Rikard Berge and Knut Loupedalen. This version is from a collection of Norwegian folk tales and legends dated 1995
The folk tunes connected to the story were collected by Eivind Groven and Arne Bjørndal, as well as Johan Halvorsen.
Kivlemøyane was also featured in paintings by Norwegian illustrator and painter Johanna Bugge Berge (1874-1961).
See also
Stanton Drew stone circles
References
Norwegian folklore
Norwegian folk music |
20462525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FV%20Ekawat%20Nava%205 | FV Ekawat Nava 5 | FV Ekawat Nava 5 was a hijacked Kiribati-flagged, Thai-owned deep-sea fishing trawler that was sunk by of the Indian Navy on 18 November 2008. The trawler sank when a fire broke out on the vessel after INS Tabar retaliated to being fired upon by pirates on board. All but one crew member of the trawler were believed killed.
Accounts of the incident
Ekawat Nava 5 had a crew of 15 Thais and one Cambodian. It was travelling from Oman to Yemen when it was hijacked on 18 November 2008.
On the evening of 18 November, INS Tabar was on patrol southwest of Salalah, Oman (near ), when it spotted the hijacked trawler. The vessel was identified by the frigate as a pirate mother ship, as it had two speed boats in tow and men armed with rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and assault rifles on its deck. The frigate ordered the trawler to be boarded for inspection. Upon being refused and threatened by the pirates, the frigate continued to follow the trawler.
The official account from the Indian Navy states that the pirates fired at the frigate with an RPG. The frigate fired back in retaliation. Explosions were later heard on board the trawler, possibly due to ammunition or fuel stored on its deck. The trawler sank as a result of the fire.
The Indian Navy reported that following the fire on board the vessel, it spotted only the two speed boats fleeing from the scene. It pursued the boats and found one abandoned. It lost track of the other boat in the darkness.
An account of the incident narrated by the Thai representative of its owner, Sirichai Fisheries, based on information provided by a surviving Thai crew member, states that Somali pirates had boarded and just taken control of the trawler when INS Tabar arrived on the scene. The crewmember's account stated that the trawler had not been used as a pirate mother ship.
Of the original crewmembers of the trawler, the only survivor was picked up by a passing merchant vessel, one was later confirmed dead, while 14 others were reported missing by the owner. The crew of INS Tabar reported seeing only the two motor boats fleeing from the scene of the incident in the darkness. They did not spot any of the original crew of the trawler. The fate of the remaining crew was unknown.
An account of the incident from the US Department of State, may have originally stated that the Indian Navy captured some of the pirates. This was however not confirmed by the Indian Navy.
References
Piracy in Somalia
Ekawat Nava 5
Ekawat Nava 5
Ekawat Nava 5
Shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean
Piracy in the Indian Ocean
November 2008 events in India
Naval battles involving India
Indian Navy
Naval history of India |
20462526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope%20River | Hope River | Hope River may refer to:
Hope River (Jamaica)
Hope River (Tasman) in the South Island of New Zealand
Hope River (Canterbury) in the South Island of New Zealand
Hope River (West Coast) in the South Island of New Zealand
Hope River (Western Australia)
Hope River (Canada) Chilliwack, British Columbia
See also
Hope (disambiguation)
Good Hope River
Little Hope River |
20462548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic%20Pieces%20%28Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k%29 | Romantic Pieces (Dvořák) | Antonín Dvořák composed his cycle of four Romantic Pieces, Op. 75, B. 150, (), for violin and piano in January 1887. These four pieces are arranged from his previous composition, a trio for two violins and viola, known as Miniatures, Op. 75a, B. 149 ().
Background
The composer's family was living in that time in Prague 2, at 564 Žitná Street, in the same house as Dvořák's mother-in-law. She hired out a room to a young chemistry student, Josef Kruis. Kruis was also an amateur violinist who studied the violin with Jan Pelikán, a member of the orchestra of the National Theatre in Prague. They often played violin duets together. Dvořák, a viola player, heard them and got the idea to compose a new chamber work for two violins and viola in order to play with them. The resulting composition was the Terzetto in C major, Op. 74, B. 148, composed from 7 to 14 January 1887. It was, however, too difficult for Kruis, and Dvořák therefore composed another trio, but considerably simpler. The second trio, Miniatures, was written in four movements, which he titled: "Cavatina", "Capriccio", "Romance" and "Elegy" ("Ballad"). In the letter dated 18 January 1887 to his German publisher Simrock, Dvořák stated: "I am writing little miniatures – just imagine – for two violins and viola, and I enjoy the work as much as if I were writing a large symphony – what do you say to that? Of course, they are meant rather for amateurs, but didn't Beethoven and Schumann also express themselves sometimes with quite simple means – and how?..." Though he was apparently satisfied with this version of the trio, he nevertheless immediately began to rearrange it for violin and piano. He called the new version Romantic Pieces, Op. 75. The only date appears at the end of the manuscript – 25 January 1887. Dvořák later completely forgot about the existence of the trio, and years later in 1901 explained to Simrock that "...what is supposed to be a trio...cannot be the Romantic Pieces". Dvořák's original manuscript of the trio version (and Kruis' copy of individual parts) was only rediscovered in 1938, and it was proven that he himself was mistaken.
The first performance of the Romantic Pieces took place on 30 March 1887 at the chamber concert at the Umělecká Beseda in Prague. The violin part was played by Karel Ondříček, at that time leader of the orchestra of the National Theatre (he was a younger brother of the violinist František Ondříček), with Dvořák at the piano. The trio version was premiered by members of the Prague Quartet on 24 February 1938 at a concert of Dvořák's chamber music at the Prague City Library. The individual parts were played by Vilibald Schwejda, Herbert Berger and Ladislav Černý.
The Romantic Pieces were published in 1887 by the Berlin publishing house of Simrock, the Miniatures in 1945 by Hudební Matice Umělecké Besedy.
Structure
Miniatures, trio for two violins and viola
Originally the set was untitled, but Dvořák called it Miniatures in the aforementioned letter to Simrock. Kruis added the titles to the individual movements, apparently in agreement with the composer. Dvořák completed the cycle of four unrelated short pieces with different themes, with apparent influence of Robert Schumann. A performance of the four pieces would take approximately 14 minutes.
The first movement opens in the calm mood of the first violin; only in the middle part is the expression more passionate. The movement is accompanied with a rhythmical ostinato in the second violin and with a "bass" accompaniment in the viola. The second movement is written in an optimistic mood, with simple harmonic variations. It also contains some reminiscences of folk music, particularly at the end. The shape and mood of the third movement is rather dreamy. The melodic line of the first violin is accompanied by triplets in the second violin. The last movement is the most complicated; its elegiac mood develops from its short opening passage. Dvořák probably intended to create another movement, but it was unfinished, only eight bars are preserved. The whole composition ends with a slow movement, which is rather atypical.
Romantic pieces for violin and piano
Dvořák left the musical content of the arrangement for violin and piano almost unchanged; he only slightly altered the harmonic foundations in the first movement (bars 30–36), and extended the end of the third movement with an additional four bars. He also renamed the second and third movements.
In popular culture
The fourth movement (Larghetto) is included in the soundtrack of Civilization V.
References
External links
Info on a comprehensive Dvorak site
Chamber music by Antonín Dvořák
1887 compositions
Compositions for violin and piano |
17324968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000%20New%20Jersey%20Nets%20season | 1999–2000 New Jersey Nets season | The 1999–2000 NBA season was the Nets' 33rd season in the National Basketball Association, and 24th season in East Rutherford, New Jersey. During the off-season, the Nets re-acquired Johnny Newman from the Los Angeles Clippers, and re-signed free agent Sherman Douglas. Without Jayson Williams, who missed the entire season with a knee injury from the previous season, the Nets struggled losing 15 of their first 17 games, but would eventually get hot winning 13 of their next 18 games, and find themselves near the playoff picture with a 31–40 record as of March 30. However, a rash of late season injures cost the team to lose their final eleven games, finishing sixth in the Atlantic Division with a 31–51 record.
Stephon Marbury averaged 22.2 points, 8.4 assists and 1.5 steals per game, and was named to the All-NBA Third Team, while Keith Van Horn averaged 19.2 points and 8.5 rebounds per game, and Kendall Gill provided the team with 13.1 points and led them with 1.8 steals per game, ranking him ninth in the league with 139 total steals. In addition, Kerry Kittles contributed 13.0 points and 1.3 steals per game, but only played 62 games due to a knee injury, while off the bench, Newman played a sixth man role, averaging 10.0 points per game, Lucious Harris contributed 6.7 points per game, and Jamie Feick led the team with 9.3 rebounds per game. During the 1999–2000 season, Marbury and Gill both reached different milestones, as Marbury dished out his 2,000th assist, and Gill scored his 10,000th career point.
Following the season, head coach Don Casey was fired, while Scott Burrell and Gheorghe Mureșan were both released to free agency, Elliot Perry signed as a free agent with the Orlando Magic, and Williams retired after nine seasons in the NBA.
Offseason
NBA Draft
Roster
Roster notes
Center Jayson Williams missed the entire season due to a leg injury.
Regular season
The Nets started the season at 2-15, a franchise record low. Despite the poor start, the Nets rallied back to compete for a playoff spot. The Nets were still alive in the playoff race at the beginning of April with three weeks left in the season. After the first week of April, the team was without their leading scorer, Stephon Marbury, who struggled with knee injuries. Other injuries included rookie Evan Eschmeyer (ankle), and starting shooting guard Kerry Kittles (knee). The Nets were officially eliminated from playoff contention on April 7 after a 103-85 loss to the Miami Heat. The team finished the season by losing their final 11 games of the year.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Schedule
Player statistics
Regular season
|-
|Stephon Marbury
|74
|74
|38.9
|.432
|.283
|.813
|3.2
|8.4
|1.5
|0.2
|22.2
|-
|Keith Van Horn
|80
|80
|34.8
|.445
|.368
|.847
|8.5
|2.0
|0.8
|0.8
|19.2
|-
|Kendall Gill
|76
|75
|31.0
|.414
|.256
|.710
|3.7
|2.8
|1.8
|0.5
|13.1
|-
|Kerry Kittles
|62
|61
|30.6
|.437
|.400
|.795
|3.6
|2.3
|1.3
|0.3
|13.0
|-
|Johnny Newman
|82
|9
|21.5
|.446
|.379
|.838
|1.9
|0.8
|0.6
|0.1
|10.0
|-
|Lucious Harris
|77
|11
|19.6
|.428
|.330
|.798
|2.4
|1.3
|0.8
|0.1
|6.7
|-
|Scott Burrell
|74
|9
|18.1
|.394
|.353
|.780
|3.5
|1.0
|0.9
|0.6
|6.1
|-
|Sherman Douglas
|20
|2
|15.5
|.500
|.313
|.893
|1.5
|1.7
|0.9
|0.0
|6.0
|-
|Jamie Feick
|81
|17
|27.7
|.428
|1.000
|.707
|9.3
|0.8
|0.5
|0.5
|5.7
|-
|Elliot Perry
|60
|5
|13.4
|.435
|.282
|.806
|1.0
|2.3
|0.7
|0.0
|5.3
|-
|Gheorge Muresan
|30
|2
|8.9
|.456
|
|.605
|2.3
|0.3
|0.0
|0.4
|3.5
|-
|Evan Eschmeyer
|31
|5
|12.0
|.528
|
|.500
|3.5
|0.7
|0.3
|0.7
|2.9
|-
|Jim McIlvaine
|66
|53
|15.9
|.416
|
|.518
|3.5
|0.5
|0.4
|1.8
|2.4
|-
|Michael Cage
|20
|7
|12.1
|.500
|
|1.000
|4.1
|0.5
|0.4
|0.4
|1.4
|-
|Mark Hendrickson
|5
|0
|4.8
|.000
|
|.500
|0.4
|0.6
|0.0
|0.0
|0.2
|}
Player Statistics Citation:
Awards and records
Stephon Marbury, All-NBA Third Team
Transactions
References
New Jersey Nets on Database Basketball
New Jersey Nets on Basketball Reference
New Jersey Nets season
New Jersey Nets seasons
New Jersey Nets
New Jersey Nets
20th century in East Rutherford, New Jersey
Meadowlands Sports Complex |
6899662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri%20Mahamariamman%20Temple%2C%20Penang | Sri Mahamariamman Temple, Penang | Built in 1833, the Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple in George Town is the oldest Hindu temple in Penang, Malaysia, and features sculptures of gods and goddesses over its main entrance and facade. It is located at Queen Street, George Town.
It is also known as Mariamman Temple or Queen Street Indian Temple. Throughout the years, the Sri Mahamariamman temple has also been known by several names: Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple, Sri Arulmigu Mahamariamman Temple, Sri Mariamman Temple. All these names refer to the same temple. The temple is open daily from 6.30 am - 12.00 noon and 4.30 pm - 9.00 pm. It became a place of worship as early as 1801 and became a temple in 1833. It has stood at the same place for more than 200 years.
Temple site
The temple is in central Georgetown on Lebuh Queen (Queen Street) and the back entrance is on Jalan Masjid Kapitan Keling (Pitt Street), in between Lebuh Pasar and Lebuh Chulia. Located in Penang's Little India, in the capital city of Georgetown, the Sri Maha Mariamman temple reflects the city's rich cultural heritage.
Visitation to this temple is limited to morning and evening. Temple opens starts from morning 6 am till 12 pm and evening from 5 pm till 9 pm. The temples closes after the prayers are performed at 12 pm and 9 pm respectively. Daily there will be Pujas (prayers), mornings 7.30 am and evening 6.30 pm. Prayers are usually conducted by the temple priests in these times and visitors may observe these prayer sessions taking place. If you wish to enter the Sri Mahamariamman temple, it would be polite to ask permission from any of the priests and please remember to remove your shoes before entering the temple grounds.
Daily Poojas
Darshan (meaning open to the public) hours are from 6 am to 9 pm. Temple is closed from 12:15 pm and reopened at 4:30 pm and closed at 9:15 pm.
The temple priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Abishegam or Thirumanjanam is anointment of the idol with oils, sandalwood paste, milk, unguents and the like and then bathing it with water in an act of ritual purification. The most prominent abishegams are conducted at the ceremonies to mark the hours of the day. These are four in number - the Kaala Santhi, early in the morning, the Ucchikālam, in the afternoon, the Sāyaratchai, in the evening and the Ardha Jāmam, at night, immediately prior to the temple being closed for the day.
Each ritual comprises four steps: abishegam (sacred bath), alangaram (decoration), naivethanam (food offering) and deepa aradanai (waving of lamps) all the deities. After the abishegam, it is the practice to dress the idols of the deities, in an act called alangaram, in one of several guises. The worship is held with religious instructions in the Vedas (Sanskrit sacred texts) and Thirumurai (Tamil sacred texts) read by priests. These hours are marked by the tolling of the bell of the temple amidst music with nadaswaram (pipe instrument) and thavil (percussion instrument).
Devotees are able to perform archanai by the priest thereafter.
Abishegam (6 am)
Kaala Santhi (7.30 am)
Abishegam (11.45 am)
Utchikkalam Pooja (12 pm)
Abishegam (5.30 am)
Sāyaratchai (6.30 pm)
Abishegam (8.45 am)
Ardha Jāmam (9 pm)
Please note that on festivals and special occasions, Abishegam and Poojas start earlier than the scheduled time
History
The tropical island of Penang lies in the Indian Ocean, just off the north-west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Penang's rapid growth as a trading hub in the early 19th century, especially in commodities such as nutmegs, cloves, and pepper, attracted traders from Europe, America, Arabia, India as well as China. Each then established communities and adopted lifestyles similar to their homeland. It was during that time that the Tamil Indians arrived in the island's bustling harbour, and established their own ‘Little India’ community in the city. The early Indian settlers, who came to this island to toil and trade, established an abode for mother, so that her presence could be felt as their guardian deity and guide in their times of trials and tribulations.
Dating back as early as 1801, the Sri Mahamariamman Temple is recognised as an elaborate and spiritual place of worship. Like most Indian temples in Penang, the Penang Sri Mahamariamman began as a small and simple shrine. Not much is known about the early days of the temple or of the persons who founded it. The land was granted in 1801 by the British to Betty Lingam Chetty, who was then the Kapitan (Headman, Kepala or Community Leader) of the Tamils and South Indians. This is confirmed by another grant written in 1831. But, as to how the temple came to be built on this land or who founded it, there is no information.
Caption James Low confirms the existence of a temple in Georgetown in 1835. That the Mariamman temple was founded in 1833 is first mentioned in a notice of 'Kumbabishegam' (consecration ceremony) held one hundred years later in 1933. But except for the date, not much else has been said about its founding in that document.
Built originally as a shrine, it was later that the Indian community found a need for a proper temple ground for worshipping, to accommodate the ever-increasing Indian community presence on the island. This was done to ensure that the Indian community, which includes the merchants, labourers and sepoys, are settled in one particular area, for ease of managing the group. The majority of the people who lived around the temple were waterfront workers who were the backbone of the Penang port. These Indian stevedores were organised in groups called kootam – a member of a kootam is a kootakadai, and heading each kootam is a thandal. Together, the Indian community numbered about 2000 workers and they inhabited the area bounded by Lebuh Queen, Lebuh King, Lebuh Penang, Lebuh Pasar and Lebuh Gereja, an area collectively known as Ellammuchanthi in Tamil, or Simpang Lelong in Malay.
The Sri Mahamariamman shrine was enlarged into a temple in 1833. Since this was when it became a proper temple, 1833 is taken as the year that it was founded. At the time of its founding, it was known as the Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple. It was only in 1980 that it became known by its present name, Sri Arulmigu Mahamariamman Temple, although the name is often written as Sri Mariamman Temple, Mahamariamman Temple and so on.
From its inception, the temple provided an important place of worship for early Indian immigrants and is now an important cultural and national heritage. In those days, it was done to ensure the Indian community, which includes the early working settlers like merchants and labourers are settled in one area to ease managing them. By 1833, the shrine through the efforts of the Indian settlers, turned to a temple and was renovated to its present form a hundred years later.
According to a document of civil suit brought before the courts in 1904, the names of five trustees who looked after the temple from 1892 till 1904 are Veerasamy, Murugan Chettiyar, Govindasamy Pillai, Veleritta Taver and Meyappah. The temple came under The Mohamedan and Hindu Endowments Board in 1906. From then onwards the temple has been administrated by the management committee appointed by the Endowment Board. It appears that from the beginning of the Endowments Board's administration, a few temples and other institutions have been clustered and left under the care of this management committee: Arulmigu Sri Balathandayuthapani Temple in Waterfall (Hilltop), the Arulmigu Sri Ganesha Temple in Waterfall, the Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple in Queen Street, Hindu Cemetery and Cremation Ground in Batu Lanchang and a Hindu Funeral Rites Ground in Jalan Air Itam. From 1967 onwards, the board is known as the Hindu Endowments Board, which is currently managing this temple.
Hindu Mahajana Sangam
The Hindu Mahajana Sangam () which was formed in 1935, has had close association with this temple and other temples under the care of the same management. Before 1935, it was known as Kootakkadai (). Many members have served in both institutions. They have also been associated with the temple's formation, renovation and maintenance. The festivals conducted by the Hindu Mahajana Sangam such as Chitraparuvam, Vijayadhsami and Aatakavadi during Thaipoosam is associated with this temple.
First Kumbabishegam (1933)
It was in 1933 that the temple acquired the present form and structure. In that year the temple was extensively renovated. According to the notice of the consecration ceremony, the foundation stone for the new structure was laid by Mr. V. Natesam Pillay, JP. The Sri Muthu Mariamman temple having become too small and too decayed, the Hindu gentlemen of Penang, with their initiative and perseverance, have bought up two buildings to the north of the temple, expanded the presence space and formed a temple in accordance with the Siva agamas a sanctum, Arthamandapam (antechamber), Mahamandapam (hall), prakaram (circumambient), vimanam (dome), surrounding walls and Rajagopuram (entrance tower). These renovations were carried out by a management committee consisting of S. Ekamparam Pillai, C. Subbaraya Pillay, S. P. Natesam Pillay, P. Kalimuthu Vandayar, K. V. Karuppiah Thandal and M. R. Raju.
The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 12 June 1933.
Second Kumbabishegam (1958)
It is also known that further repairs were done in 1958 and a consecration ceremony, albeit on a small scale was carried out under the leadership of Mr. Doraisamy Thevar JP PJK who was the chairman of the temple management committee.
Third Kumbabishegam (1980)
Since 1958, no repairs or renovations were done to the temple. This caused some serious decay to the structures and sculptures. From 1978 till 1980, extensive renovation was done. A sculptor from the Academy of Sculptors in Mahapalipuram, Chennai and two assistant sculptors were brought from India to restore the structure. Although the basic form of the 1933 structure had been retained, many new areas have been added. A new hall 31 feet × 27 feet, suitable for small religious functions, has been added and over this, another story has been added for administrative offices.
While most of the sculptures have been preserved, some new ones have also been added, the statues of the nine forms of Sakthi now surround the outer walls of the sanctum. The inner walls of the sanctum, antechamber and the flooring of the whole temple have been changed. The entire temple has been repainted. The smaller shrines of Visvanathar, Visalatchi, Chandikeswarar and Bairavar have domes of their own which have been gold plated. Within the sanctum, a new statue of Mahamariamman, towering over the main deity, has been formed. At the feet of the main deity, a Sri Chakram has also been erected. A Vishnu Dhurga idol was newly installed.
The temple's name which was known as Sri Muthu Mariamman Temple till then was changed to Arulmigu Sri Mahamariamman Temple.
The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 14 December 1980.
Fourth Kumbabishegam (1998)
The present renovation was begun in mid-1997. While basically preserving the existing temple structure, some minor modifications were made such as replacing of tiles in the sanctum and the whole temple flooring, replacing the peedam in the sanctum, replacing the Komugi, a new Ganesha, Visveswarar, Rahu and Kethu icons, new Navagraha peedam, new flag post with concrete base, statues of Bala Ganesha and Bala Murugan, Ashta Lakshmi 8 statues and two lion statues on the left and right of the temple main entrance. The Bairavar shrine is moved to the north-east corner, facing south.
The consecration ceremony was held on Thursday, 3 September 1998.
Fifth Kumbabishegam (2016)
The present renovation was begun in end of 2013. The ceremony took place from 14th till 15 November 2013, involved the removing of the deities from the main shrines to a temporary site (balaalayam) within the temple and was the beginning of the many rituals to prepare for the consecration ceremony. The process was divided into five stages. After procuring connection of all necessary services to the site, the first stage of the project, breaking the wall and floor tiles commenced. This was followed by the reinforced concrete work to the foundations, slabs, columns and so forth. Construction activities continued with the erection of roof steel frames. Electrical and plumbing conduits. A team of artisans arrived from India and commenced work on the shrines. Another batch of additional artisans arrived from India to accelerate the pace of construction in order to meet the consecration ceremony deadline.
While basically preserving the existing temple structure, the inner walls of the sanctum, antechamber and the flooring of the whole temple have been changed. The entire temple has been repainted. New icons replacing the older ones are Thatchinamoorthy, Visalatchi, Chandikeswarar, Bairavar and Navagraham are installed. Nandhi and bali peedam icons installed facing east towards Visveswarar shrine are added. A gold plated new flag post with granite concrete base is added along with Kodimara Pillayar icon facing east are installed. Statues of Ganesha and Murugan statues on the left and right of the outer wall of temple main entrance. The wooden framework on the century-old ceiling known as ‘Raasi Kattam’ (the 12 zodiac signs planets carved on the wood) is also restored. The Bairavar shrine is moved back to its original location on the left-hand side of the main entrance, facing west.
The consecration ceremony was held on Sunday, 10 July 2016.
Architecture
Built in the south Indian Dravidian style, the temple most outstanding feature is the impressive gopuram (tower). Rising above the entrance, it features Hindu deities, soldiers and floral decorations.
On the entrance of Penang Sri Mariamman Temple, you get to see a 23.5 feet tall sculptured tower or Gopuram. Also, the 38 statues of Gods and Goddesses and 4 swans featuring the Hindu Goddess Mahamariamman in Her many incarnations such as Meenatchi, Kamatchi, Visalatchi, Bhuvaneswari surrounds the colourful four-tiered crown. It is topped with five small kalasams.
With subsequent renovations carried out over the years by Hindus artisans and sculptors from India and locals, from makeshift huts to heavily ornate and brightly shining with diamonds and precious stones, Penang Sri Mahariamman Temple is a sight to behold.
The interiors of the temples are heavily sculptured with deities of Lord Ganesha is in the left pillar and Lord Muruga, his brother, is on the right pillar. The eight female figures adorning the pillars inside the temple are of Ashta Lakshmi (Goddess of Wealth). On the left wall there are sculptures of the Nadaraja and Sivakami in dancing posture of the cosmic dance. Nine statues of goddesses (9 types of Sakthi) can be seen on the walls surrounding the inner shrine of Penang Sri Mahamariamman Temple.
The primary deity Goddess Mahamariamman is seated at the moolastanam (sanctum) of the karuvarai (sanctum sanctorum). The temple has an artha mandapam (antechamber), mukha mandapam, mahamandapam (hall), prakaram (circumambient), vasantha mandapam (festive hall) and kodi maram (flag post). The signs of the zodiac are carved in wood on the ceiling.
The dome or vimanam of the temple is on a base 12.5 feet square and has a height of 27.25 feet. This is in three sections and contains 20 statues of gods and goddesses and 12 lions. Its kalasam is 3.5 feet and is gold plated.
The back entrance tower is 10.5 feet high and contains 13 statues of gods and goddesses and 4 lions and a swan with partially human form.
Once every 12 years, in keeping with Hindu tradition, the temple is reconsecrated. Previous consecrations are in 1933, 1958, 1980, 1998 and 2016.
The Deity
Mariamman is popularly worshipped by overseas Indians, especially Tamils because she is looked upon as their protector. She is the Goddess of disease, rain and protection and is associated with enormous powers in the physical realm, particularly destructive, and protects her devotees from unholy or demonic events.
Historians claimed that the worship of Mariamman or Korravai/Kotravai started as a tribal religion of the Dravidians. Mariamman is a manifestation of the goddess - Parvati, an incarnation embodying Mother Earth with all her terrifying force.
In the Hindu pantheon, however, the original mother form of the Maha Sakthi is the Primal Source of All Energy - from where everything - all matter and energy comes. The Sakthi is credited with the creation of Brahma, Vishnu and Siva, the three main gods of creation, sustenance and destruction.
The word Mariamman comes from two words: Mari meaning power and amman meaning mother. Maha stands for great. So this Mahamariamman temple tells you, it houses the great powerful mother. And some Indians considers Sri Mariamman to be the mother of Lord Ganesha and Lord Muruga. So to many locals, when asks which temple they are going, some simply said "Amman Temple".
Mahamariamman, the primary deity is seated at the moolastanam (sanctum) of the karuvarai (sanctum sanctorum) facing east. Ganesha and Subramaniyaswami are installed at the artha mandapam (antechamber) facing east. There is a surrounding circumambulatory path. At the mukha mandapam we may find the vahana (mythical mount/vehicle) of the Goddess which is lion, the bali peedam (sacrificial altar) and the kodi maram (flag post) is also found facing west towards Mahamariamman. Stone carvings of the cosmic dance of Lord Nadaraja and His consort Goddess Sivakami are found at the wall facing south at the vasantha mandapam (festive hall).
Shrines for sub deities facing east are Lord Visveswarar and Goddess Visalatchi are installed at the left and right side of the sanctum sanctorum respectively. The shrine of Lord Chandikeswarar is facing south towards the sanctum sanctorum. The shrine of Lord Bairavar is found at the northeast corner facing west. Lord Thatchinamoorthy facing south and Vishnu Dhurga facing north are installed at the outer wall of the sanctum sanctorum. The Navagraham (nine planets) are found at the northeast corner of the temple.
Housed within its ornately decorated interior is the priceless panchaloha (an alloy of five metals: gold, silver, copper, zinc and tin) statue of Lord Ganesha, Lord Subramaniyaswami and Mahamariamman embellished with gold, silver, diamonds and emeralds.
The priceless Goddess Mahamariamman's statue is paraded on a wooden chariot during the Vijayadashami day on the end of the Navarathiri festival.
The priceless Lord Subramaniaswamy's statue figures prominently in the annual Chithra Pournami festival when it is borne on a wooden chariot through the city streets to the Arulmigu Sri Balathandayuthapani Hilltop temple in Waterfall, Penang.
Festivals
The temple is particularly packed on Navarathiri, Chithra Pournami, Deepavali and Thaipusam with thousands of devotees eager to offer their prayers on the holy days.
In the year 2008, there was a big celebration commemorating the temple's 175th anniversary.
Navarathiri
The most auspicious event for the temple is the Navarathiri festival. The festival begins with the lion flag-raising ceremony and ends with a procession where the Panchaloha () deity of Mahamariamman is paraded in a decorated wooden chariot through the streets of Little India. Navarathiri is nine nights vegetarian festival. According to the Hindu Puranas, the festival is held to commemorate the victory of Goddess Adi Parashakti over the demon king Mahishasuran. It was stated that the evil king ill-treated the people that they turned to the goddess, who is the consort of Lord Shiva, to save them. Goddess Adi Parasakthi fought a battle for nine days and ultimately destroyed him on the 10th day, which is known as Vijayadashami.
Various Indian organisations and communities would sponsor the prayers for each nights. On the Final tenth day of the celebration, Vijayadashami is celebrated by Hindu Mahajana Sangam. The sangam organised the chariot procession for many years from Queen Street, Sri Mahamariamman Temple to Dhoby Ghaut. The festival celebration is concluded after shooting of arrows from the chariot in the evening in the Dhoby Ghaut. The chariot returns to the temple at about midnight the same day. Since the late 1970s, the organisation of the chariot procession had been taken over from the sangam by the Temple committee and the Hindu Endowments Board. The chariot procession is now confined to Fort Cornwallis area, nearby the Kedah Pier Muneeswarar Temple in the Esplanade. However, the sangam still continues to celebrate the annual Navarathiri festival's final tenth day Vijayadashami Ubayam every year without fail.
Chithra Pournami (Chitraparuvam)
The Hindu Mahajana Sangam, with notable among the festivals, the annual Chitraparuvam Festival which is celebrated in the Tamil month of Chithirai (April/May) every year, is organised with a chariot procession of the panchaloha deity of Lord Subramaniyaswami from Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman Temple. It is the day of the first full moon of the first Tamil month. In early years, the festival starts with special pooja and ubayam for the Hindu Mahajana Sangam “Koota Kadai” in Queen Street Mahamariamman Temple, the chariot procession commences in the early morning 7.00 am and reached Waterfall Dewan Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhiji Ashram) in the afternoon, the deity then carried and placed in the ashram until the return journey of the chariot to Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple in the evening of the same day.
Since the early 1970s this festival is celebrated for three days. The deity of Lord Subramaiyaswami is brought in procession from the Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple passing through many street and roads before reaching the Waterfall Arulmigu Sri Ganesha temple. The deity is carried up to the Hilltop Arulmigu Sri Balathadayuthapani Temple. On the second day is the Chitraparuvam Festival where the deity is taken in procession around the hilltop temple compound in the evening. On the third day evening, the deity is carried down and placed on the chariot procession journey back to the Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple. In 1992, the Hindu Mahajana Sangam imported a new chariot from India, for the annual Chitraparuvam Festival celebration to replace the old chariot which was found to be not road worthy and in a decaying condition.
On the first day, the chariot passes through Queen Street, Chulia Street, Chulia Street Ghaut, Victoria Street, Prangin Road Ghaut, C. Y. Choy Road, Magazine Road, Dato Keramat Road, Western Road and Waterfall Road before reaching the Ganesar Temple. The chariot stops at Kamatchi Amman Temple, Sivan Temple and Muneeswarar Temple along the way. Then the Lord Subramaniyaswami is carried up to the Sri Balathandayuthapani Temple at the hilltop.
On the return journey, the Lord Subramaniyaswami is carried down and the chariot passes through Waterfall Road, Gottlieb Road, Tunku Abdul Rahman Road, Macalister Road, Anson Road, Burma Road, Transfer Road, Sri Bahari Road, Penang Road, Kimberley Street, Carnarvon Street, Chulia Street, Pitt Street, Church Street, Queen Street, China Street, King Street, Light Street, Penang Street, Chulia Street, King Street, China Street, Beach Street, Market Street and Queen Street before reaching the Sri Mahamariamman Temple. The chariot stops at Balathandayuthapani Temple, Meenatchi Sundaraeswarar Temple, ISKCON Centre, Muneeswarar Temple and Kunj Bihari Temple along the way.
Thaipusam
Celebrated on the Tamil month of Thai (January/February). Although it is celebrated in the Waterfall Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang, Sri Mahamriamman temple is not left behind as there are religious activities associated with this festival.
Atta Kavadi
The Hindu Mahajana Sangam members carry a traditional kavadi weighing approximately 80 kilos known as Atta Kavadi since 1927 from Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple in the evening to Dewan Mahatma Gandhi in the Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang compound with traditional Nadhaswaram accompanying the Atta Kavadi. A late-night dinner is served in the Dewan Mahatma Gandhi after the arrival of the Atta Kavadi. In the early years, the arrival of the Atta Kavadi signified the conclusion of the annual Thaipusam festival celebration for the day and devotees are not expected to carry any kavadi after the Atta Kavadi reaches the Waterfall temple compound.
Kuthirai Vahanam
The Penang Nattukottai Chettiar community hold prayers in this temple prior to the Thaipusam festival. This function is called the Kuthirai Vahanam (Horse Car) held on in the Tamil month of Markazhi (December/January). The prayers would start 10 days earlier where there would be ubayams on these days. On the tenth day, the decorated panchaloha deity of the Mahamariamman which carries a Vel would be placed on the Horse Car. The procession begins from Queen Street at the evening, displaying the Vel passing through various streets and roads and end up at Queen Street Sri Mahamariamman temple around midnight.
Golden Chariot
A RM3mil golden chariot hit the streets on the eve of Thaipusam on 8 February 2017. The 1.6-tonne golden chariot measuring 4.3m-high and 4m-wide will feature two golden horses in the front with several statues adorning the kalasam (tower). The chariot bearing Lord Muruga's vel (spear) will move on rubberised wheels pulled by devotees. The inner frame of the chariot was made in Karaikudi and shipped to Penang, where it was assembled.
The golden chariot's journey will be from the Arulmigu Sri Maha Mariamman Temple in Queen Street to the Arulmigu Sri Ganesha Temple in Jalan Kebun Bunga. The chariot would be placed at the Sri Ganesha Temple for two days, on Thaipusam eve and on Thaipusam day.
An 18-day pooja (special prayers) session will be conducted for The 0.9m-tall golden vel at Queen Street Maha Mariamman Temple. This depicts the story goes that the vel was created by Lord Shiva's consort Parasakthi who is also Lord Murugan's mother. Parasakthi appeared in 18 forms before merging into a single indestructible vel which was handed to Lord Murugan during the Poosa natchathiram on Pournami Day (full moon) in the month of Thai (January to February). After receiving a blessing from the Lord's mother, the vel will be sent back to Lord Murugan on the golden chariot on Thaipusam eve.
The golden chariot successfully completed its first trial run for Thaipusam in on 2 February 2017 about two hours through George Town in the presence of a large throng of devotees seeing it for the first time. The chariot went 3 km along Jalan Kebun Bunga, Lorong Air Terjun, Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Macalister, Jalan Residensi and Jalan Utama before returning to the temple.
Maha Sivarathri
The Maha Shivaratri is dedicated to the Lord Visveswarar where the devotees would observe the prayers, all-day fasting and an all night long vigil. Celebrated every year on the 13th night/14th day in the Krishna Paksha (waning moon) of the Tamil month of Maasi (February/March) that is, the night before and day of the new moon. Abishegam (ceremonial bath) is conducted at 10 pm, 12 midnight, 2 am and 4 am respectively. Pujas would commence at 11 pm, 1 am, 3 am and 5 am respectively. Throughout the night devotes would chant and hymns of the devotional songs.
Pournami
Monthly full moon of every month is observed where prayers are done for Lord Visvanathar. Special abishegam, prayers and puja would be conducted at 12 pm followed by vegetarian lunch that would be served.
Durga Puja
Weekly Rahukaalam puja is conducted on every Tuesdays between 3.30 pm and 4.30 pm for Vishnu Dhurga amman. Abishekam (ceremonial bath) is conducted by the temple priest for the goddess. Devotees which mainly consists of ladies, would sing hymns and chant praise of the goddess. The goddess would be decorated with flowers and mainly with garlands of limes. Lighting lamps made of limes is a major ritual in these prayers.
On these special days, devotees will be vegetarians for the day. Young ladies wanting to marry will come to offer prayers asking from the "mother" for a good husband. Married ladies will pray for a successful marriage.
Pradhosham
Pradhosham is a bimonthly occasion on the thirteenth day of every fortnight in Hindu calendar. The auspicious 3 hour period, 1.5 hours before and after the sunset is one of the optimum time for worship of Lord Shiva. The fast or vow performed during the period is called Pradhosam Nonbu. It is done during the evening twilight or sandhya kala on the Thrayodashi of both lunar fortnights (Shukla and Krishna Paksha). These are the 13th tithi, or lunar days, from the New Moon (Amavasya) and Full Moon (Poornima).
Special abishekam (ritual bathing) for Lord Visveswarar, Lord Visalatchi and Nandi is done and then decorated with Rudraksha, Vibhuti and vilva leaves.
Aadi Puja
The Tamil month of Aadi (July/August) is considered an auspicious one for prayers for Amman. Sangabishegam (conch ceremonial bath) is done in the evenings on every Friday for Mahamariamman and every Tuesday for Vishnu Durga.
Aaadi Pooram is also celebrated. Ladies would carry pots containing turmeric powder diluted with water as an offering for the abishegam of Mahamariamman.
Bhairavar Pooja
On every Thei Pirai Ashtami which is the 8th day of the fading moon (waning moon), special poojas and homam are conducted for Lord Bhairavar. The rituals begin in the evening with the Maha Kala Bhairavar Homam. It is believed that participation in this homam will protect us from evil and black deeds. The homam or the yagna is followed by special abishekam (ritual bathing) for Lord Bhairava. Punuku () or Civetone a kind of natural scent is offered to the deity. You can also find deities offering eleven Ellu Deepam () or Seseme light, considered sacred to Lord Bhairavar. At the end, Bitter gourd Rice and Vadai is given as Prasadham.
See also
Hindu Mahajana Sangam
List of Hindu temples in Malaysia
References
External links
Mariamman temples
Hindu temples in Malaysia
Religious buildings and structures in Penang
Tourist attractions in George Town, Penang |
20462566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano%20Stendardo | Mariano Stendardo | Mariano Stendardo (born 2 May 1983) is an Italian footballer who plays for the Serie D side Giugliano as a defender.
He has never played a match in Serie A, despite being on the roster of Lecce when they competed in Serie A in 2004.
His brother Guglielmo is also a footballer.
Career
Early career
Along with his brother Guglielmo, Mariano started his career at S.S.C. Napoli. Both Guglielmo and Mariano were transferred to separate clubs, with Mariano joining U.S. Lecce on 31 January 2004 and Guglielmo for Sampdoria in January 1999. In summer 2004 the two brothers were both transferred to Perugia.
Atalanta
However, on 28 January 2005, Mariano moved to Atalanta in a co-ownership deal, for €2,000, while Guglielmo remained at Perugia before joining Lazio in summer 2005. Atalanta acquired the full registration rights of Mariano in summer 2005 for free, after the bankruptcy of Perugia.
Loans
From Atalanta, Mariano was loaned to Bellaria and Cremonese in the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons.
Messina
Mariano joined Messina on 24 July 2007, for €200,000, as part of Sergio Floccari's deal.
Genoa
After the bankruptcy of Messina in 2008, Stendardo left for Genoa C.F.C. on a free transfer.
Lega Pro clubs
On 31 January 2011 he joined Pisa from Genoa.
On 2 November 2012 he was signed by Treviso. Stendardo was signed by Serie D club Savoia. The club promoted to Lega Pro in 2014.
In 2014, he was signed by Barletta. The club was expelled from 2015–16 Lega Pro due to financial difficulties.
On 19 July 2015, he signed a 2-year deal with the Lega Pro newcomer Fidelis Andria.
On 21 January 2019, he signed a 1.5-year contract with Paganese.
On 21 August 2020 he moved to Serie D club Giugliano.
Footnotes
References
External links
gazzetta.it
1983 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Footballers from Naples
Serie B players
Serie C players
S.S.C. Napoli players
U.S. Lecce players
A.C. Perugia Calcio players
Atalanta B.C. players
U.S. Cremonese players
A.C.R. Messina players
F.C. Grosseto S.S.D. players
Association football defenders
Taranto F.C. 1927 players
A.C. Bellaria Igea Marina players
A.C.D. Treviso players
A.C. Savoia 1908 players
S.S. Fidelis Andria 1928 players
Matera Calcio players
Paganese Calcio 1926 players
S.S.C. Giugliano players |
20462569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conor%20Clancy%20%28Clare%20hurler%29 | Conor Clancy (Clare hurler) | Conor Clancy (born 1971 in Kilmaley, County Clare) is a former Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Kilmaley and with the Clare senior inter-county team from 1995 until 2002.
References
1972 births
Living people
Kilmaley hurlers
Clare inter-county hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners |
6899688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protium%20%28plant%29 | Protium (plant) | Protium is a genus of more than 140 species of flowering plants in the family Burseraceae. It is native to the Neotropics (where around 175 species have been found), Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and southern Asia from Pakistan east to Vietnam. The genus had been included in Bursera, but is distinct, being most closely related to Crepidospermum and Tetragastris.
The species are usually small or medium-sized trees, but some can be large, up to tall. In their native range, some species are grown for timber, used as firewood, as medicinal plants, for their fruit, their resin (Copal) or in other cultural contexts.
Selected species
Protium almecega March.
Protium apiculatum Sw.
Protium aracouchini
Protium asperum
Protium attenuatum
Protium connarifolium
Protium copal
Protium correae
Protium decandrum
Protium elegans
Protium gigantium
Protium guianense
Protium hebetatum Daly
Protium heptaphyllum Mart.
Protium icicariba (= Icica icicariba)
Protium inconforme
Protium obtusifolium (Lam.) Marchand (= Dammara graveolens)
Protium panamense
Protium pittieri
Protium serratum
Protium widgrenii Engl.
Uses
Caranna, medicinal gum
References
Flora of Pakistan (treats species in the genus Bursera)
Burseraceae genera
Taxa named by Nicolaas Laurens Burman |
20462572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damir%20%C5%A0utevski | Damir Šutevski | Damir Šutevski (28 September 1954 – 29 October 2020) was an association football player from Yugoslavia who played for Canadian and American clubs.
Šutevski came from Zagreb, at the time in Yugoslavia, and originally played in the National Soccer League with Toronto Croatia in 1974. He played in the NASL between 1975 and 1982 for the Toronto Metros-Croatia, Rochester Lancers and Montreal Manic. In 1978, he signed with the New York Arrows of the Major Indoor Soccer League, and played three seasons with them.
In 1982, he moved to the Phoenix Inferno for two seasons. He then spent the 1984–1985 season with the Phoenix Pride before finishing his career with one season with the Las Vegas Americans during 1984 and 1985.
References
External links
NASL/MISL career stats
1954 births
2020 deaths
Footballers from Zagreb
Yugoslav footballers
Yugoslav expatriate footballers
Canadian National Soccer League players
Croatian footballers
Las Vegas Americans players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Montreal Manic players
New York Arrows players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
Phoenix Inferno players
Phoenix Pride players
Rochester Lancers (1967–1980) players
Toronto Blizzard (1971–1984) players
Toronto Croatia players
Expatriate soccer players in Canada
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Association football defenders |
6899692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachytrope | Tachytrope | A tachytrope is a curve in which the law of the velocity is given. It was first used by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in A System of Analytic Mechanics, first published in 1855.
References
Sources
Velocity |
20462589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurkha%20Justice%20Campaign | Gurkha Justice Campaign | The Gurkha Justice Campaign was a campaign group in the United Kingdom fighting for the rights of the Gurkhas.
It wanted the Gurkhas who fought for the UK to gain the same rights as their British and Commonwealth counterparts. Essentially the group wanted the law to be changed so that all Gurkhas who fought for the UK will gain a right of abode, whereas under previous legislation they only had a right of abode if they retired following 1997. They took their case to the high court, and had the support of a number of celebrities, including Joanna Lumley. The campaign eventually succeeded.
Background
Until 2004 Gurkhas were not allowed to settle in the United Kingdom. However, the Labour government under Tony Blair changed the rules so that Gurkhas who retired after 1997 would be allowed to settle in the UK, 1997 being the date when the Gurkha Brigade headquarters moved from Hong Kong to Britain. Soldiers who retired before this date, however, were only allowed the same settlement rights in exceptional circumstance. The Gurkha Justice Campaign wanted the same settlement rights for all Gurkha soldiers.
In 2008, the high court ruled that the policy had been illegal since the process used to determine pre-1997 applications was deemed arbitrary. The Government of Gordon Brown agreed to produce new rules. However, when these were unveiled on 24 April 2009, the Gurkhas were furious because there was no automatic right to settle in the UK for all veterans. Indeed, Gurkhas who wanted to settle in the UK would have to meet one or more of five requirements. These were;
Three years continuous residence in the UK during or after service
Close family in the UK
A bravery award of level one to three
Service of 20 years or more in the Gurkha brigade
Chronic or long-term medical condition caused or aggravated by service
Campaigners claimed that under the rules, only around 100 Gurkhas would qualify for residence, although the government figures suggested that as many as 4,300 would be eligible to settle. The rules would disqualify many from being able to settle in the United Kingdom, as indicated by an article which appeared in The Economist:
Veterans would be allowed to settle only if they met one or more conditions based on length of service, gallantry or related illness. Many of the requirements seemed designed to frustrate: for example, one way to qualify automatically was by soldiering for at least 20 years, though most rank-and-file Gurkhas serve for only 15. Another was to prove that a long-term medical condition was caused or worsened by active service—a tall order for those whose injuries were sustained decades ago.
The campaign was also supported by the Liberal Democrats.
Joanna Lumley and the Gurkhas
In 2008 the actress Joanna Lumley, whose father served in the 6th Gurkha Rifles, became the public face of the campaign to provide all Gurkha veterans who served in the British Army before 1997 the right to settle in Britain, and ran a highly publicised and successful campaign. Those serving following 1997 had already been granted permission but the UK Government has not extended the offer to all of the Gurkhas, who are natives of Nepal. They have served Britain for almost 200 years with over 50,000 dying in service, and 13 have been awarded the Victoria Cross. On 20 November 2008, Lumley led a large all party group including Gurkhas starting from Parliament Square to 10 Downing Street with a petition signed by 250,000 people. She supports the Gurkha Justice Campaign. On 24 April 2009 she stated that she was "ashamed" of the UK administration's decision to affix five criteria to the Gurkhas' right to settle in the UK. With the support of both Opposition parties and Labour rebel MPs on 29 April 2009 a Liberal Democrat motion that all Gurkhas be offered an equal right of residence was passed, allowing Gurkhas who served before 1997 residence in the UK. Following the Government defeat, the Minister for Immigration Phil Woolas announced that a further review would be completed by the middle of July.
On 5 May Joanna Lumley said that she had received private assurances of support from a senior member of the Royal Family, and attended a meeting with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown at 10 Downing Street the following day. Afterwards she described the meeting as "extremely positive", and praised Brown, saying, "I trust him. I rely on him. And I know that he has now taken this matter into his own hands and so today is a very good day".
However, on the day following the meeting with Brown, five Gurkha veterans who had applied for residency in the United Kingdom received letters telling them that their appeals had been rejected. Lumley confronted Phil Woolas at the BBC Westminster studios about the issue and, after pursuing him around the studio, the pair held an impromptu press conference in which she pressured him into agreeing to further talks over the issue.
Following a Commons Home Affairs Committee meeting in which talks were held between campaigners, the Ministry of Defence and the Home Office on 19 May 2009, Gordon Brown announced to the House of Commons on 20 May that the Home Secretary Jacqui Smith would make a statement on the issue the following day. Smith subsequently announced that all Gurkha veterans who had served four years or more in the British Army before 1997 would be allowed to settle in Britain.
References
External links
Gurkha Justice Campaign website
Brigade of Gurkhas
British veterans' organisations
Gurkhas |
20462631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Terlecki | Stanisław Terlecki | Stanisław Andrzej Terlecki (13 November 1955 – 28 December 2017) was a Polish footballer. He played a total of 29 games for Poland, scoring 7 goals.
See also
Okęcie Airport incident
References
External links
NASL career stats
1955 births
2017 deaths
San Jose Earthquakes (1974–1988) players
ŁKS Łódź players
Legia Warsaw players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
New York Cosmos players
Pittsburgh Spirit players
Polish expatriate footballers
Polish footballers
Poland international footballers
Polonia Warsaw players
Footballers from Warsaw
Gwardia Warsaw players
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Association football midfielders
Association football forwards
Polish expatriate sportspeople in the United States |
20462661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serenianus | Serenianus | Serenianus (died in Lydia, 366) was an officer of the Roman Empire, involved in the death of Caesar Constantius Gallus and in the usurpation of Procopius.
Biography
Serenianus was born in Pannonia. attended at the court of Roman Emperor Constantius II (337-361). It is known that he had been a former general, in charge of the defence of Phoenicia, whose laxity had been the reason for the devastation of the city of Celsein. He was put under trial for treason: he had sent one of his men with an enchanted hat to ask oracles on the Emperor's life. However, even if the charge was demonstrated, he was declared not guilty, thanks to his friends.
In 354 he was sent to Pula, where Caesar Constantius Gallus was under trial for treason, to tell the prisoner that he had been condemned to death; then, together with Apodemius and Pentadius, he executed the Caesar.
In 364, Emperor Valentinian I proclaimed his brother Valens co-emperor. The two rulers divided among themselves the army and the officers. In this occasion, Serenianus, who had been returned to the reserve for long time, entered at Valens' service as comes domesticorum ("commander of the imperial bodyguard").
In 366 he was killed by Marcellus, protector of usurper Procopius, who, in 365, rebelled against Emperor Valens. The story is told differently by the two sources survived, Ammianus Marcellinus and Zosimus.
According to Ammianus, Serenianus stayed loyal to Valens. That year Serenianus went to Cyzicus, where he found that an imperial officer called Venustus had brought in that city, for fear of the usurper, the money to pay the troops; Serenianus, confident in the city garrison and in the strength of the city walls, fortified in Cyzicus. To obtain that money, Procopius collected a strong army and put under siege Cyzicus, capturing the city and Serenianus, who was sent, as a prisoner, to Nicaea. After Procopius was killed, Marcellus, who was in command of the garrison of Nicaea, during the night entered the Palace, where Serenianus was held, and killed him.
According to Zosimus, who follows Eunapius, Serenianus was in Bithynia, leading some cavalry units, and Procopius sent Marcellinus to Bithynia to neutralize this menace. Serenianus occupied Cyzicus, but Marcellinus put under siege and captured the city, pursued the fleeing Serenianus in Lydia and killed him.
Ammianus had a mad opinion of Serenianus, whom he describes rude and cruel, and says that Marcellus' only merit was to have killed Serenianus and saved thus many lives, as Serenianus, once free, would have damaged many people.
Notes
Bibliography
Primari sources
Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae.
Zosimus, New History.
Secondary sources
Banchich, Thomas, "Marcellus (366 A.D.)", De Imperatoribus Romanis
Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, John Robert Martindale, John Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1992, , p. 825.
4th-century Romans
366 deaths
Ancient Roman generals
Year of birth unknown
Generals of Constantius II
Generals of Valens |
6899695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlboro%20Cup%20Invitational%20Handicap | Marlboro Cup Invitational Handicap | The Marlboro Cup Invitational Handicap was a Thoroughbred horse race first run in September 1973 at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. A Grade 1 race for horses 3 years old and up, it was raced over a distance of miles on a dirt track.
The race came into existence as a result of the huge popularity of Secretariat, who in 1973 became the first U.S. Triple Crown champion in twenty-five years. Such was the drawing power of Secretariat that CBS television readily agreed to broadcast the race nationally, a rare occurrence at the time for a non-Triple Crown or traditional "classic" event (such as the Travers Stakes). Originally conceived as a match race with Secretariat's stablemate and 1972 Kentucky Derby winner Riva Ridge, it was changed to an invitational race that brought together the top horses 3 years of age and older.
In the inaugural race, Secretariat set a world record time for miles on dirt while winning by lengths on a track officially rated as being only "good". The race became a very important annual event and 1978 marked the first of only two times in racing history that two American Triple Crown winners met in a single race, with Seattle Slew, the 1977 champion, defeating the 1978 champion Affirmed by three lengths. (The two met again in that year's edition of the Jockey Club Gold Cup; Seattle Slew lost by a nose to Exceller, while Affirmed finished up the track due to a slipped saddle.)
For many years the Marlboro Cup was part of Belmont Park's Fall Championship meet and the track's owner, the New York Racing Association, created a Fall Championship Series consisting of the Woodward Stakes, followed by the Marlboro Cup, and then the Jockey Club Gold Cup. In 1984, Slew o' Gold became the first horse to win the Fall Series for which he received a $1,000,000 bonus. CBS and later NBC continued to broadcast the Marlboro into the 1980s.
The advent of the Breeders' Cup races in 1984 marked the beginning of the end for the Marlboro Cup. In 1987, the 15th edition of the race attracted just five horses and was picked up for broadcast on cable television only.
Records
Speed record:
1:45.40 @ 1-1/8 miles: Secretariat (1973) (new stakes, track, and world record)
2:00.00 @ 1-1/4 miles: Turkoman (1986)
Most wins:
No horse won this race more than once.
Most wins by a jockey:
3 – Jacinto Vásquez (1977, 1982, 1983)
Most wins by a trainer:
2 – MacKenzie Miller (1980, 1987)
Most wins by an owner:
2 – Rokeby Stables (1980, 1987)
Winners
External link
Secretariat's 1973 Marlboro Cup
References
Discontinued horse races
Horse races in the United States
Belmont Park
Recurring sporting events established in 1973
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 1987
1973 establishments in New York (state)
1987 disestablishments in New York (state) |
6899696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20Heroes | Relative Heroes | Relative Heroes was a limited comic book series published by DC Comics in six issues, from March 2000 through October 2000. It revolved around a family of orphaned children who become superheroes. The team first appears in Relative Heroes #1 (March 2000), by Devin K. Grayson and Yvel Guichet.
History
After their parents are killed in a traffic accident, the super-powered Weinberg children travel across country to Metropolis in order to find Superman. The children are hunted by three superpowered D.E.O. operatives named Girth, Napalm & Kittyhawk. The D.E.O. eventually capture the kids and reveal to Cameron that he and Chloe were never in fact human or metahuman, and that Cameron is actually a member of a race of alien shapeshifters known as the "Es".
Members
Joel Aaron Weinberg (Houston) - No superhuman talents.
Aviva Joby Weinberg (Temper) - Aviva possessed powers to generate electricity.
Damara Sinclaire (Allure) - Charmed by the god Eryx with mystic pheromones and other powers of persuasion in return for her hand in marriage.
Tyson Gilford (Blindside) - Adopted African-American brother who believes he is the grandson of the Invisible Hood, Tyson can become invisible at will.
Cameron Begay (Omni) - Adopted brother who like Synch of Generation X, can mimic the powers of others. Member of an alien race known as the "Es".
Chloe - Cameron's plant. Member of an alien race known as the "Es".
External links
Cosmic Teams: Relative Heroes
Religion of Comic Book Characters: Houston
Religion of Comic Book Characters: Temper
Gay League profiles: Houston
DC Comics titles
DC Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
DC Comics superhero teams
Superheroes who are adopted |
20462695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiksey | Thiksey | Thiksey is a village and the headquarter of its eponymous block in the Leh district of Ladakh, India. It is located in the Leh tehsil. The Thikse Monastery is located here.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census of India, Thiksey has 433 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 75.42%.
References
Villages in Leh tehsil |
6899697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%2BC%20Development%20and%20Cooperation | D+C Development and Cooperation | D+C Development and Cooperation is a monthly English language journal funded by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. It claims is to provide a credible forum of debate involving government, civil society, and academia at an international level. All articles are available online.
D+C is the identical twin of "E+Z Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit", the leading German language publication on global development issues. D+C and E+Z share the same content. Their total circulation was 24.000 in July 2006.
References
External links
Official site
English-language magazines
Political magazines published in Germany
Monthly magazines published in Germany
Magazines with year of establishment missing |
6899698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangeline%20Trail | Evangeline Trail | The Evangeline Trail is a scenic roadway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
It is located in the western part of the province, bringing visitors to the Minas Basin, the Annapolis Valley and the Gulf of Maine. The route connects Mount Uniacke in Hants County with Yarmouth at the Bay Ferries terminal where ferries connect to Maine in the United States.
The route measures .
Name
The route is named after the principal character in the epic poem Evangeline by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The region from Yarmouth to Halifax via the Annapolis Valley was first connected by the Dominion Atlantic Railway, which is credited with instigating the province's nascent tourism industry during the early 20th century; the DAR was titled "The Land of Evangeline Route" and the Evangeline Trail pays homage to this transport predecessor.
Communities include
Lower Sackville
Mount Uniacke
Windsor
Hantsport
Wolfville
New Minas
Kentville
Berwick
Aylesford
Kingston
Middleton
Lawrencetown
Bridgetown
Annapolis Royal
Digby
Weymouth
Church Point
Meteghan
Yarmouth
Parks
Oaklawn Farm Zoo
Annapolis Royal Historic Gardens
Museums
Uniacke Estate Museum
Shand House Museum
Fort Edward National Historic Site
Halliburton House Museum
Grand Pre National Historic Site
Randall House Museum
Greenwood Military Museum
MacDonald Museum
North Hills Museum
Fort Anne National Historic Site
Habitation at Port-Royal
St. Mary's Church (Church Point)
Firefighters' Museum of Nova Scotia
Yarmouth County Museum
Highways
Trunk 1
Highway 101
External links
Evangeline Trail
Literary inspiration. Westworld Alberta
Roads in Hants County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Kings County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Digby County, Nova Scotia
Roads in Yarmouth County
Scenic travelways in Nova Scotia |
20462714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20van%20der%20Veen | Jan van der Veen | Jan van der Veen (born 6 July 1948) is a retired Dutch professional association football player who played for Sparta Rotterdam, Royal Antwerp, Go Ahead Eagles, Willem II and Helmond Sport. He also played in the NASL between 1978 and 1983 for the San Diego Sockers, Tampa Bay Rowdies and California Surf. Jan scored Tampa Bay's lone goal in the 22nd minute of Soccer Bowl '79 (NASL league final), which the Rowdies lost 2-1. He also played in the Major Indoor Soccer League for the Phoenix Inferno and the Wichita Wings.
References
External links
NASL/MISL career stats
Profile at Voetbal international
Profile at R.A.F.C. museum
1948 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Dutch expatriate footballers
Eredivisie players
Footballers from Rotterdam
Willem II (football club) players
Royal Antwerp F.C. players
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993) players
California Surf players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
San Diego Sockers (NASL) players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Phoenix Inferno players
Wichita Wings (MISL) players
Go Ahead Eagles players
Sparta Rotterdam players
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Association football midfielders |
6899706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Roth%20%28musician%29 | Peter Roth (musician) | Peter Roth (Hebrew: פיטר רוט; born on September 17, 1974) is an Israeli singer and record producer, and a member of the Israeli rock band Monica Sex.
Biography
Roth was born in Bat Yam to a musician couple. His father, a member in an Israeli army band, taught Peter to play the guitar at a young age. Roth played basketball in high school, but he wasn't tall enough to be good at it; he then took music lessons instead. Roth was a member of a few teenage bands, in which he met Shachar Even-Tzur.
In the middle of the 90s, Roth joined Monica Sex, which already included Even-Tzur, Yahaly Sobol and Yossi Khamami. The band had many performances in Tel Aviv, garnered a following, and signed a contract with Hed Artzi. In 1995 the band released the album Ptzaim Veneshikot (Wounds and Kisses), which sold a few tens of thousands of copies. In 1996 the band moved to New York City. After a year and half they disbanded.
Roth came back to Israel and worked as a guitarist in bands of other artists, such as Eviatar Banai, Maor Cohen and Yahaly Sobol. He was also member of the bands HaZvuvim (The Flies) and Malkat HaPlakat (Queen of the Placard) and started to work as a producer.
In 2001, Monica Sex reunited and recorded the album Yehasim Ptuhim (Open Relationships). In 2003 the band worked with Shalom Hanoch, and later that year released its third album, Haiot Mahmad (Pets).
Roth started to work on a solo album in 2003 along with Dan Toren. He also worked with Arik Einstein, Izhar Ashdot and Maor Cohen.
In 2005, Roth released a single from his album Hi Ohevet (She Loves). By the end of that year, he had released the self-titled album, which won the ACUM Prize.
In 2006 he released the album Regaim (Moments) with Arik Einstein.
Discography
Monica Sex
Ptzaim VeNeshikot (Wounds and Kisses) – 1995
Yehasim Ptuhim (Open Relationships) – 2001
Haiot Mahmad (Pets) – 2003
Mangina (Melody) – 2011
Miktzoim Hofshiim (Liberal Professions) – 2014
Laila Hadash (New Night) – 2019
Other
Solo Album: Peter Roth – 2005
With Arik Einstein: Regaim (Moments) – 2006
Solo Album: Shar Chizik (Singing Chizik) – 2010
Solo Album: Singelim (Singles) – 2020
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
People from Bat Yam
20th-century Israeli male singers
Israeli record producers
Israeli people of Romanian-Jewish descent
21st-century Israeli male singers |
6899708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Cod%20Commission | Cape Cod Commission | The Cape Cod Commission is a regional planning authority and department of Barnstable County. It was created in 1990 by an Act of the Massachusetts General Court and confirmed by a majority of county voters.
In the wake of an unprecedented growth boom in the 1980s, the Cape Cod Commission Act found that the region known as Cape Cod (a geographic region largely co-extensive with Barnstable County) possesses unique natural, coastal, historical, cultural and other values which are threatened by uncoordinated or inappropriate uses of the region's land and other resources.
The Commission was established as a regional planning and regulatory agency to prepare and implement a regional land use policy plan for all of Cape Cod, review and regulate Developments of Regional Impact, and recommend designation of certain areas as Districts of Critical Planning Concern. It is funded by the Cape Cod Environmental Protection Fund.
Commission composition
The Commission is made up of 19 members representing each of Barnstable County's 15 towns as well as the County Commissioners, minorities, Native Americans, and a governor's appointee. The members are citizen volunteers who guide a professional staff to plan for Cape Cod's future growth, provide technical assistance to towns, review and vote on major developments and act as the Commission's liaison to their communities.
Commission planners and technical staff have expertise in a wide variety of areas including: landscape architecture, land use planning, economic development, affordable housing, historic preservation, wetland and wildlife resources, water resources, coastal resources, waste management, transportation planning, and computer mapping.
The Commission's work is divided into three major areas: planning and community development, technical services, and regulation.
References
External links
. (Various documents).
Barnstable County website
Government of Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Land management in the United States
Environment of Massachusetts |
17324993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303%20New%20Jersey%20Nets%20season | 2002–03 New Jersey Nets season | The 2002–03 New Jersey Nets season was the Nets' 36th season in the National Basketball Association, and 27th season in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Nets entered the season as runners-up in the 2002 NBA Finals, where they were swept by the two-time defending NBA champion Los Angeles Lakers in four games. During the off-season, the Nets acquired All-Star center Dikembe Mutombo from the Philadelphia 76ers, and signed free agent Rodney Rogers. However, Mutombo only played just 24 games due to a wrist injury. The Nets got off a solid start with a 26–9 record, while posting a ten-game winning streak between December and January, and holding a 34–15 record at the All-Star break. However, the team played below .500 for the remainder of the season, but finished in first place in the Atlantic Division with a 49–33 record, while posting a successful 33–8 home record.
Jason Kidd averaged 18.7 points, 6.3 rebounds, 8.9 assists and 2.2 steals per game, and was named to the All-NBA Second Team, the NBA All-Defensive Second Team, and was selected for the 2003 NBA All-Star Game, In addition, Kenyon Martin averaged 16.7 points and 8.3 rebounds per game, while second-year forward Richard Jefferson showed improvement averaging 15.5 points and 6.4 rebounds per game, and Kerry Kittles provided with 13.0 points and 1.6 steals per game. Sixth man Lucious Harris contributed 10.3 points per game, while Rogers provided with 7.0 points per game off the bench, and Mutombo averaged 5.8 points, 6.4 rebounds and 1.5 blocks per game. Kidd also finished in ninth place in Most Valuable Player voting.
In the Eastern Conference First Round of the playoffs, the Nets defeated the Milwaukee Bucks in six games, then swept the 6th-seeded Boston Celtics in four straight games in the Eastern Conference Semi-finals, and then defeated the top-seeded Detroit Pistons in another four-game sweep in the Eastern Conference Finals. For the second consecutive year, they made it to the NBA Finals. However, they lost to the San Antonio Spurs in a six-game series. Following the season, Mutombo was released to free agency, and signed as a free agent with the New York Knicks.
Offseason
On August 1, the Nets re-signed Chris Childs as a free agent; Childs previously played for the Nets from 1994 to 1996. Five days later, the organization traded Todd MacCulloch and Keith Van Horn to the Philadelphia 76ers for Dikembe Mutombo. On August 14, the Nets signed Rodney Rogers as a free agent. On October 25, they signed Anthony Johnson as a free agent. Their final offseason transaction would come three days later, when they waived Donny Marshall.
Draft picks
Roster
Regular season
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Playoffs
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| April 19
| Milwaukee
| W 109–96
| Kenyon Martin (21)
| Kenyon Martin (15)
| Jason Kidd (14)
| Continental Airlines Arena16,102
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| April 22
| Milwaukee
| L 85–88
| Kenyon Martin (22)
| Kenyon Martin (12)
| Jason Kidd (8)
| Continental Airlines Arena17,633
| 1–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| April 24
| @ Milwaukee
| W 103–101
| Jason Kidd (26)
| Collins, Martin (8)
| Jason Kidd (7)
| Bradley Center17,539
| 2–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4
| April 26
| @ Milwaukee
| L 114–119 (OT)
| Kenyon Martin (30)
| Jason Collins (8)
| Jason Kidd (10)
| Bradley Center18,391
| 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5
| April 29
| Milwaukee
| W 89–82
| Jason Kidd (19)
| Richard Jefferson (16)
| Kidd, Martin (5)
| Continental Airlines Arena16,601
| 3–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 6
| May 1
| @ Milwaukee
| W 113–101
| Kenyon Martin (29)
| Jason Kidd (11)
| Jason Kidd (11)
| Bradley Center18,717
| 4–2
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| May 5
| Boston
| W 97–93
| Kenyon Martin (21)
| Jefferson, Williams (9)
| Jason Kidd (9)
| Continental Airlines Arena17,343
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| May 7
| Boston
| W 104–95
| Richard Jefferson (25)
| Jason Kidd (11)
| Jason Kidd (8)
| Continental Airlines Arena19,934
| 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| May 9
| @ Boston
| W 94–76
| Kenyon Martin (25)
| Jason Kidd (9)
| Jason Kidd (11)
| FleetCenter18,624
| 3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| May 12
| @ Boston
| W 110–101 (2OT)
| Jason Kidd (29)
| Kidd, Martin (10)
| Jason Kidd (8)
| FleetCenter18,624
| 4–0
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| May 18
| @ Detroit
| W 76–74
| Kenyon Martin (16)
| Jason Collins (10)
| Jason Kidd (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| May 20
| @ Detroit
| W 88–86
| Kenyon Martin (25)
| Jason Collins (14)
| Jason Kidd (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| May 22
| Detroit
| W 97–85
| Jason Kidd (34)
| Jason Kidd (12)
| Jason Kidd (6)
| Continental Airlines Arena19,923
| 3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| May 24
| Detroit
| W 102–82
| Jason Kidd (26)
| Jason Kidd (12)
| Jason Kidd (7)
| Continental Airlines Arena19,923
| 4–0
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| June 4
| @ San Antonio
| L 89–101
| Kenyon Martin (21)
| Kenyon Martin (12)
| Jason Kidd (10)
| SBC Center18,797
| 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| June 6
| @ San Antonio
| W 87–85
| Jason Kidd (30)
| Jason Kidd (7)
| Kenyon Martin (4)
| SBC Center18,797
| 1–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| June 8
| San Antonio
| L 79–84
| Kenyon Martin (23)
| Kenyon Martin (11)
| Jason Kidd (11)
| Continental Airlines Arena19,280
| 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| June 11
| San Antonio
| W 77–76
| Kenyon Martin (20)
| Kenyon Martin (13)
| Jason Kidd (9)
| Continental Airlines Arena19,280
| 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 5
| June 13
| San Antonio
| L 83–93
| Jason Kidd (29)
| Kenyon Martin (9)
| Jason Kidd (7)
| Continental Airlines Arena19,280
| 2–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 6
| June 15
| @ San Antonio
| L 77–88
| Jason Kidd (21)
| Kenyon Martin (10)
| Jason Kidd (7)
| SBC Center18,797
| 2–4
Player statistics
Regular season
|-
|Jason Kidd
|80
|80
|37.4
|.414
|.341
|.841
|6.3
|8.9
|2.2
|0.3
|18.7
|-
|Kenyon Martin
|77
|77
|34.1
|.470
|.209
|.653
|8.3
|2.4
|1.3
|0.9
|16.7
|-
|Richard Jefferson
|80
|80
|36.0
|.501
|.250
|.743
|6.4
|2.5
|1.0
|0.6
|15.5
|-
|Kerry Kittles
|65
|57
|30.0
|.467
|.356
|.785
|3.9
|2.6
|1.6
|0.5
|13.0
|-
|Lucious Harris
|77
|25
|25.6
|.413
|.346
|.804
|3.0
|2.0
|0.7
|0.1
|10.3
|-
|Rodney Rogers
|68
|0
|19.2
|.402
|.333
|.756
|3.9
|1.6
|0.7
|0.5
|7.0
|-
|Aaron Williams
|81
|0
|19.7
|.453
|.000
|.785
|4.1
|1.1
|0.3
|0.7
|6.2
|-
|Dikembe Mutombo
|24
|16
|21.4
|.374
|
|.727
|6.4
|0.8
|0.2
|1.5
|5.8
|-
|Jason Collins
|81
|66
|23.5
|.414
|.000
|.763
|4.5
|1.1
|0.6
|0.5
|5.7
|-
|Anthony Johnson
|66
|2
|12.8
|.446
|.371
|.689
|1.2
|1.3
|0.6
|0.1
|4.1
|-
|Brian Scalabrine
|59
|7
|12.3
|.402
|.359
|.833
|2.4
|0.8
|0.3
|0.3
|3.1
|-
|Tamar Slay
|36
|0
|7.6
|.379
|.280
|.700
|0.9
|0.4
|0.4
|0.1
|2.6
|-
|Brandon Armstrong
|17
|0
|4.1
|.333
|.167
|.833
|0.2
|0.1
|0.2
|0.1
|1.4
|-
|Chris Childs
|12
|0
|8.8
|.300
|.167
|.667
|0.4
|1.3
|0.7
|0.1
|1.3
|-
|Donny Marshall
|3
|0
|2.0
|.000
|.000
|
|1.0
|0.0
|0.0
|0.0
|0.0
|}
Playoffs
|-
|Jason Kidd
|20
|20
|42.6
|.402
|.327
|.825
|7.7
|8.2
|1.8
|0.2
|20.1
|-
|Kenyon Martin
|20
|20
|38.9
|.453
|.091
|.693
|9.4
|2.9
|1.5
|1.6
|18.9
|-
|Richard Jefferson
|20
|20
|35.6
|.476
|.000
|.718
|6.4
|2.4
|0.8
|0.2
|14.1
|-
|Kerry Kittles
|20
|20
|30.7
|.395
|.413
|.762
|3.5
|2.0
|1.5
|0.3
|10.8
|-
|Lucious Harris
|20
|0
|21.8
|.391
|.333
|.783
|2.6
|1.6
|0.5
|0.0
|7.8
|-
|Rodney Rogers
|20
|0
|17.5
|.372
|.405
|.711
|2.8
|1.4
|0.3
|0.2
|6.7
|-
|Aaron Williams
|19
|0
|17.9
|.472
|
|.742
|4.6
|0.9
|0.3
|0.9
|6.5
|-
|Jason Collins
|20
|20
|26.5
|.363
|.000
|.836
|6.3
|0.9
|0.7
|0.6
|5.9
|-
|Anthony Johnson
|17
|0
|7.2
|.548
|.500
|.833
|0.7
|1.1
|0.1
|0.0
|2.5
|-
|Dikembe Mutombo
|10
|0
|11.5
|.467
|
|1.000
|2.7
|0.6
|0.3
|0.9
|1.8
|-
|Brian Scalabrine
|7
|0
|2.9
|.500
|.000
|
|0.6
|0.0
|0.0
|0.0
|0.6
|-
|Tamar Slay
|6
|0
|1.8
|.250
|1.000
|
|0.0
|0.0
|0.0
|0.0
|0.5
|}
Player Statistics Citation:
Awards and records
Jason Kidd, All-NBA Second Team
Jason Kidd, NBA All-Defensive Second Team
Jason Kidd, NBA All-Star
Transactions
Overview
Trades
Free agents
Player Transactions Citation:
References
New Jersey Nets on Database Basketball
New Jersey Nets on Basketball Reference
New Jersey Nets season
New Jersey Nets seasons
New Jersey Nets
New Jersey Nets
21st century in East Rutherford, New Jersey
Eastern Conference (NBA) championship seasons
Meadowlands Sports Complex |
6899717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Morgan%20%28musician%29 | Tom Morgan (musician) | Thomas Martin Morgan (born 3 March 1970) is an Australian musician and songwriter. He fronts the 1990s indie pop group, Smudge (1991–present). He has written or co-written (with Evan Dando) songs for Boston power pop group, the Lemonheads. Morgan's other bands include Sneeze (1991–present), The Givegoods, Godstar (1991–95), Tofu Kok and Bambino Koresh (ca. 2012). He married Argentine-Spanish musician, Leticia Nischang (Sneeze, Bambino Koresh). As of September 2010, Morgan and Nischang were living in Maitland.
On 4 March 2013 Morgan issued his solo album, Orange Syringe, with Nischang providing backing vocals.
Discography
Orange Syringe (4 March 2013) Fire Records (FIRECD292, FV292LP)
Local Knowledge (2001) Lake Midgeon (LMD001)
References
External links
An Interview with Tom Morgan at Oz Music Project, archived here
Interview with Tom Morgan at evandando.co.uk (December 2005)
1970 births
Living people
People from Maitland, New South Wales
Australian singer-songwriters
21st-century Australian singers |
17325007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLITS | GLITS | Graham's Line Identification Tone System (GLITS) is a test signal for stereo systems devised by BBC TV Sound Supervisor and Fellow of the IPS Graham Haines in the mid 1980s. It comprises a 1 kHz tone at 0 dBu (- 18 dBFS) on both channels, with interruptions which identify the channels.
The left channel is interrupted once for 250 ms every 4 seconds. 250 ms later the right channel has two interruptions of 250 ms spaced by 250 ms.
This arrangement has an advantage over the EBU stereo ident tone in that each channel is explicitly identified as belonging to a stereo pair. The EBU Technical Document Multichannel Audio Line-up Tone (Tech 3304) defines stereo lineup tone as having an interruption in the left channel only, lasting 250 ms every 3 s.
Multichannel GLITS
There is now an official EBU standard for a multichannel BLITS 5.1 channel ident tone which is also described in the Tech 3304 paper, along with an alternative film-style multichannel ident tone system for systems larger than 5.1 arrays.
Blits plays a sequence of tones (based on the musical notes A and E) at -18dBFS on each channel in the AES channel format order (L, R, C, LFE, Ls, Rs), followed by an EBU-style ident on just the front left and right channels, again at -18dBFS and with four interruptions on the left channel. The four interruptions provides a unique confirmation that the stereo or mono downmix came from a 5.1 source and avoids any possible confusion with stereo EBU or GLITS downmixes. The final BLITS tone sequence is a 2 kHz tone at -24dBFS on all six channels – the lower source signal level ensuring that any derived downmixes remain close to -18dBFS.
The alternative EBU multichannel ident tone follows a format more closely associated with the film industry. A sustained 80 Hz runs on the LFE channel throughout the sequence. After a 3 second period of constant 1 kHz, -18dBFS tone on all main channels, each channel is identified in turn with a 0.5s pulse of 1 kHz tone, separated from its neighbours by 0.5s silence. The ident sequence starts at Front Left and continues clockwise through each available channel. The amount of time between the 3 second constant tone periods indicates the total number of channels in the system - e.g. a 7.1 system will have an ident sequence lasting 8 seconds.
Snell & Wilcox have used the following on the embedded audio in their VALID8 (Video Audio Line-up & IDentification) equipment:
Channel 1 (L) 980 Hz one 250 ms interruption every 4 seconds
Channel 2 (R) 980 Hz two 250 ms interruptions every 4 seconds
Channel 3 (C) 432 Hz one 250 ms interruption every 4 seconds
Channel 4 (Lfe) 432 Hz two 250 ms interruptions every 4 seconds (probably not audible from a subwoofer)
Channel 5 (Ls) 990 Hz one 250 ms interruption every 4 seconds
Channel 6 (Rs) 990 Hz two 250 ms interruptions every 4 seconds
Channel 7 (Lo) 436 Hz one 250 ms interruption every 4 seconds
Channel 8 (Ro) 436 Hz two 250 ms interruptions every 4 seconds
References
Broadcast engineering
Test items
British inventions |
6899718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazeau%20River | Brazeau River | The Brazeau River is a river in western Alberta, Canada. It is a major tributary of the North Saskatchewan River.
The river was named for Joseph Brazeau, a linguist associated with the Palliser Expedition.
Course
The river originates in the heights of the Canadian Rockies from Brazeau Lake (which is fed by creeks that flow from Coronet Glacier and the Queen Elizabeth Ranges) and flows east through the Rocky Mountains foothills until it merges into the North Saskatchewan River between Drayton Valley and Rocky Mountain House at Brazeau Forks.
The upper course runs eastwards from Jasper National Park into Brazeau Canyon Wildland Provincial Park. The O'Chiese First Nation is established at the confluence with Nordegg River.
The total length of the river is . The river, and various other local geographic features, were named after Joseph Brazeau, a Missouri-born fur trader working for the Hudson's Bay Company in the area between 1852 and 1864.
Hydroelectric development
The Brazeau River has long been seen as a potential site for hydroelectric power generation. The earliest scheme to harness the power of the river was hatched in 1913 and involved a dam and storage on Brazeau Lake. The potential power generation was estimated at 5,000 to 10,000 kilovolt-amperes, and power would have been transmitted to Edmonton and Calgary, both roughly from the generator (this was a relatively ambitious plan: long-distance transmission was not common at the time). The plan was scuttled after the discovery of a large underflow at Brazeau Lake, precluding its use as a storage facility.
The Brazeau Reservoir was created on the lower course through the construction of the Brazeau Dam. Its hydroelectric power plant is Alberta's largest, with a capacity of 355 megawatts and an annual production of about 394,000 megawatt hours of electrical energy.
An unusual feature of this hydroelectric development, commissioned in 1965, is a pump system capable of lifting water from the reservoir into the long canal leading to the power plant so that it can operate at low reservoir water levels.
Tributaries
Boulder Creek
Four Point Creek
Brazeau Lake
John-John Creek
Upper Longview Lake
Job Creek
Whisker Creek, Whisker Lakes, Job Lake, Leah Lake, Samson Lake
Isaac Creek
Race Creek
Southesk River
Southesk Lake
Thistle Creek
Chimney Creek
Marshybank Creek
Marshybank Lake
Canyon Creek
Moosehound Creek
Cardinal River
Blackstone River
Elk River
Nordegg River
See also
Geography of Alberta
List of Alberta rivers
References
External links
Rivers of Alberta
North Saskatchewan River |
6899722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikolahi | Ikolahi | Ikolahi is a village in Khanna tehsil in Ludhiana district of Punjab State, India. It is located 39 km to the east of
District headquarters Ludhiana. 7 km from Khanna. 68 km
from State capital Chandigarh
Ikolahi Pin code is 141401 and postal head office is
Khanna.
Libra (2 km), Bhamadi (2 km), Daudpur (2 km),
Rasulra (2 km), Chakohi (3 km) are the nearby villages to Ikolahi.
Caste Factor
In Ikolahi village, most of the villagers are from
Jatt caste. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 41.36% of total population in Ikolahi village.
Work Profile
In Ikolahi village out of total population, 732 were
engaged in work activities. 90.71% of workers describe
their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more
than 6 Months) while 9.29% were involved in Marginal
activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of
732 workers engaged in Main Work, 147 were
cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 50 were
Agricultural labourer.
Population
The Ikolahi village has population of 1874 of
which 984 are males while 890 are females as per
Population Census 2011.
In Ikolahi village population of children with age 0-6 is
205 which makes up 10.94% of total population of
village.
Average Sex Ratio of Ikolahi village is 904 which
is higher than Punjab state average of 895. Child Sex
Ratio for the Ikolahi as per census is 864, higher than
Punjab average of 846.
Ikolahi village has higher literacy rate compared to
Punjab. In 2011, literacy rate of Ikolahi village was 78.85% compared to 75.84% of Punjab. In Ikolahi Male literacy stands at 82.95% while female literacy rate
was 74.34%.
Panchyat
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act,
Ikolahi village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of
Village) S. BIR SINGH
Education
Delhi public school khanna (DPS khanna) is located in Ikolahi. It is a branch of Delhi Public School. It offers full 12th grade tuition for students.
Ikolahi has a government school up to 8th grade. This school also has a play yard. Additionally, within Ikolahi there is also Gurukul public school, which is up to 10th class. There are many scientific amenities and cultural activities for students at Gurukul public school.
External links
http://wikimapia.org/12376999/IKOLAHI-ਇਕੋਲਾਹੀ
http://villagemap.in/punjab/ludhiana/khanna/795500.html
Villages in Ludhiana district |
6899732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull%20My%20Daisy%20%28poem%29 | Pull My Daisy (poem) | "Pull My Daisy" is a poem by Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Neal Cassady. It was written in the late 1940s in a similar way to the Surrealist “exquisite corpse” game, with one person writing the first line, the other writing the second, and so on sequentially with each person only being shown the line before.
It provided the title for the film Pull My Daisy, which was narrated by Kerouac, and featured Ginsberg and other writers, artists and actors of the Beat Generation. It was based on an event in the life of Cassady. The poem also featured in a jazz composition by David Amram, which appeared in the opening of the film.
"Pull My Daisy" can be found published in various forms in Kerouac's Scattered Poems and Ginsberg's Collected Poems.
References
Poetry by Allen Ginsberg
Beat poetry
American poems
Poetry by Jack Kerouac |
6899733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household%20Saints | Household Saints | Household Saints is a 1993 film starring Tracey Ullman, Vincent D'Onofrio and Lili Taylor. It is based on the novel by Francine Prose and directed by Nancy Savoca. The film explores the lives of three generations of Italian-American women over the course of the latter half of the 20th century. The film's executive producer is Jonathan Demme, a long-time friend of Savoca's, and her first real employer in the world of film.
Plot
The film follows the courtship and marriage of Catherine Falconetti to local butcher Joseph Santangelo, as well as Catherine's relationship with her overbearing Old World mother-in-law, Carmela.
The film also focuses on Catherine and Joseph's daughter Teresa, a devout Catholic more similar to her superstitious grandmother than her modernized and secularized parents. As a child and young adult, Terersa puts herself through a series of trials so that she might one day be canonized as a saint. Teresa's teenage fantasy to become a nun is strained after starting a relationship with a marriage-minded young man.
The film explores both family dynamics over the course of time as well as, on a larger level, the relationship between religious faith in miracles and modernity.
Cast
Tracey Ullman as Catherine Falconetti
Vincent D'Onofrio as Joseph Santangelo
Lili Taylor as Teresa Carmela Santangelo
Rachael Bella as young Teresa
Judith Malina as Carmela Santangelo
Michael Rispoli as Nicky Falconetti
Victor Argo as Lino Falconetti
Michael Imperioli as Leonard Villanova
Ileana Douglas as Evelyn Santangelo
Joe Grifasi as Frank Manzone
Production
Nancy Savoca cast many favorite New York City actors for the film which was shot in DeLaurentis/Carolco (now EUE Screen Gems) Studios in Wilmington, North Carolina. The film reunited Lili Taylor with Savoca, with whom she'd previously worked on Dogfight, and Vincent D'Onofrio, with whom she'd appeared in 1988's Mystic Pizza.
Tracey Ullman and Vincent D'Onofrio, as Lili Taylor's screen parents, are only eight years older than she is.
Reception
Critical reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Household Saints has an approval rating of 54% based on 13 reviews. Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars and called it a "warm-hearted jewel of a movie" with many scenes that rang true to his Catholic upbringing. He added Savoca "wants to show how, in only three generations, an Italian family that is comfortable with the mystical turns into an American family that is threatened by it. And she wants to explore the possibilities of sainthood in these secular days. That she sees great humor in her subject is perfect; it is always easier to find the truth through laughter."
Accolades
The film made The New York Times' Best Films of 1993 list. It was nominated for a Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay by Nancy Savoca and Richard Guay. Lili Taylor won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female.
Home media
Although the film was met with critical success on release, it has only been released on VHS and has yet to be released on DVD.
References
External links
1993 films
1993 comedy films
American comedy films
Films about Catholicism
Films shot in North Carolina
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Nancy Savoca
1993 independent films
American independent films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
Films about Italian-American culture
Films about mother–daughter relationships
Films set in the 1950s
Films set in the 1970s
Films set in New York City
Films set in the Bronx |
6899739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosicles%20%28sculptor%29 | Sosicles (sculptor) | Sosicles (Ancient Greek: Σωσικλῆς) was a Roman sculptor in the mid 2nd century AD. He worked as copyist of ancient Greek masterpieces. He is known from his signature shown on a marble plinth from Tusculum and the column of a marble statue of a wounded Amazon (originally in the collection of Alessandro Albani, Inv. D19; now in the Capitoline Museums, Inv. MC 0651). The marble statue is one of the three Amazon statue types.
References
Künstlerlexikon der Antike II (2004) 411 s.v. Sosikles (R. Vollkommer).
Hans von Steuben: Die Amazone des Polyklet, in: Polykletforschungen, ed. by Herbert Beck and Dieter Bol, Berlin 1993, pp. 73-102.
External links
The Three Amazons
William Smith - The Ancient Library
AJA Online
Hellenistic sculptors |
6899740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfarfakoud | Kfarfakoud | Kfarfakoud (Kfarfakud or Kafarfakoud كفرفاقود) is a village in the Chouf district of Lebanon that lies between the valleys of the coastal Lebanese chain of mountains.
The name Kfarfakoud (as the names of other villages of Lebanon) has its origins in Syriac-aramaic language (kfar: land; fakoud: governor, landowner).
Historically it is thought that the village was located in the "Khalwat" part of mount Kfarhammil (كفرحمل) and was destroyed totally by an earthquake in the 6th century AD and was rebuilt in its new place. A well known legend is that of Ajouz Lkhair (عجوز الخير) the only person who survived the disaster. The neighborhood of the village is almost all green; it has an oak forest at the eastern side.
Altitude: 450m
Population: 2200
Main Families: Amaneddine, Nasr, Kamaldine, Zahreddine Practiced religion: Druze.
References
External links
kfarfakoud.com
Kfar Faqoud, Localiban
Populated places in Chouf District |
17325011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%E2%80%9376%20New%20York%20Nets%20season | 1975–76 New York Nets season | The 1975–76 New York Nets season was the ninth and final season of ABA basketball on Long Island. The Nets won their second ABA Championship.
Draft picks
Roster
Exhibition games
On October 4, 1975, the Nets played their first exhibition game of the season, facing the Washington Bullets of the NBA in the Capital Center in Landover, Maryland. Julius Erving scored 36 points to lead the Nets, but the Bullets managed a one-point victory, 109–108.
The Nets faced the New York Knicks on October 8 in Uniondale, New York. The Nets prevailed, 110–104.
On October 11 the Nets ventured to Buffalo, New York, to face the Buffalo Braves on the Braves' home court. 15,000 fans attended the game. Erving was held to 16 points, but the Nets won by a large margin, 109–83.
The Nets traveled to New Haven, Connecticut, on October 14 to play the Washington Bullets for the second time in the preseason. The Nets avenged their loss of ten days earlier, winning 122–114.
The very next day, on October 15, the Golden State Warriors took the court against the Nets in Uniondale. Erving led the Nets with 43 points but Rick Barry had 49 for Golden State as the Warriors won, 119–114.
Two days later the Nets traveled to Seton Hall for a rematch with the Buffalo Braves on October 17. The Nets won again, 117–97.
The next day, October 18, saw the Nets play their final ABA vs. NBA exhibition game as they took the court at Madison Square Garden to again face the New York Knicks. Julius Erving scored 33 points and hit a jump shot at the buzzer to win the game for the Nets, 103–101.
The Nets finished their ABA tenure with a record of 15 wins and 9 losses against NBA teams in exhibition games. The Nets went 2–0 against the NBA before the 1971–72 season, 0–3 before 1972–73, 4–1 prior to the 1973–74 campaign, 4–3 before the 1974–75 season and 5–2 before the 1975–76 season. Overall, the ABA went 79–76 in the interleague matchups, faring poorly at first but going 62–34 in the last three years of the league.
Regular season
Season standings
Schedule
Player statistics
Note: GP= Games played; MIN= Minutes; STL= Steals; REB = Rebounds; ASST = Assists; BLK = Blocks; PTS = Points
Playoffs
Semifinals vs. San Antonio Spurs
Nets win series 4–3
ABA Finals vs. Denver Nuggets
Nets win series 4–2
This is to date the last title the Nets have won.
Awards, Records and Honors
Julius Erving, Finals MVP DR J
References
External links
New York Nets on Basketball Reference
New York Nets season
New Jersey Nets seasons
New York Nets
New York Nets
American Basketball Association championship seasons
Sports in Hempstead, New York |
6899744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomoko%20Ninomiya | Tomoko Ninomiya | is a Japanese manga artist, based in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In 1989, she made her debut with London Doubt Boys.
She is best known for her series Nodame Cantabile, which received the 2004 Kodansha Manga Award for shōjo manga. Nodame Cantabile has been adapted for television as both live-action dramas broadcast in 2006, 2008 and 2014 and as of 2016, 3 anime seasons.
Selected works
(1991–1995), 10 volumes, rereleased in 5 bunkoban volumes
(1994–2001), 11 volumes, rereleased in 6 bunkoban volumes
(1995–1996), 1 volume
(1995), 1 volume
(1999), 1 volume
(1998–2001), 4 volumes
(2001–2009), 24 volumes
(2011–2015)
(2011–2016)
References
1969 births
Japanese female comics artists
Living people
Women manga artists
Manga artists from Saitama Prefecture
Winner of Kodansha Manga Award (Shōjo)
Female comics writers |
17325025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Observatories%20Origins%20Deep%20Survey | Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey | The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey, or GOODS, is an astronomical survey combining deep observations from three of NASA's Great Observatories: the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, along with data from other space-based telescopes, such as XMM Newton, and some of the world's most powerful ground-based telescopes.
GOODS is intended to enable astronomers to study the formation and evolution of galaxies in the distant, early universe.
The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey consists of optical and near-infrared imaging taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Telescope and the 4-m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory; infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. These are added to pre-existing x-ray data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESAs XMM-Newton, two fields of 10' by 16'; one centered on the Hubble Deep Field North (12h 36m 55s, +62° 14m 15s) and the other on the Chandra Deep Field South (3h 32m 30s, -27° 48m 20s).
The two GOODS fields are the most data-rich areas of the sky in terms of depth and wavelength coverage.
Instruments
GOODS consists of data from the following space-based observatories:
The Hubble Space Telescope (optical imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys)
The Spitzer Space Telescope (infrared imaging)
The Chandra X-Ray Observatory (X-ray)
XMM-Newton (an X-ray telescope belonging to the European Space Agency)
The Herschel Space Observatory (an infrared telescope belonging to the ESA)
Hubble Space Telescope images
GOODs used the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys with four filters, centered at 435, 606, 775 and 850 nm. The resulting map covers 30 times the area of the Hubble Deep Field to a photometric magnitude less sensitivity, and has enough resolution to allow the study of 1 kpc-scale objects at redshifts up to 6. It also provides photometric redshifts for over 60,000 galaxies within the field, providing an excellent sample for studying bright galaxies at high redshifts.
Herschel
In May 2010, scientists announced that the infrared data from the Herschel Space Observatory was joining the GOODS dataset, after initial analysis of data using Herschel's PACS and SPIRE instruments. In October 2009, Herschel observed the GOODS-North field, and in January 2010 the GOODS-South field. In so doing, Herschel identified sources for the Cosmic Infrared Background.
Findings
Direct collapse black holes
Two objects studied in the GOODS survey, GOODS-S 29323 and GOODS-S 33160, show evidence of being seeds for direct collapse black holes, a potential mechanism for the formation of black holes in the early universe involving the cloud of gas directly collapsing into a black hole. GOODS-S 29323 has a redshift of 9.73 (13.2 billion light years away from Earth), and GOODS-S 33160 has a redshift of 6.06. This distance portrays interest into the early universe, where matter was in large, dense, quantities. This distance leads to a possible conclusion that due to matter particles exerting gravity on themselves, they would instantly collapse, forming the earliest supermassive black holes that we know of in the center of many galaxies. High infrared radiation in the spectrum of these two objects would imply extremely high star-formation rates, but fits the model of a direct-collapse black hole. Additionally, X-Ray radiation is present in these objects, thought to be originating from the hot accretion disk of a collapsing black hole.
GOODS-S 29323 is located in the constellation Fornax, at right ascension 03h 32m 28s and declination –27° 48′ 30″.
Gallery
References
External links
Astronomical surveys
Extragalactic astronomy
Hubble Space Telescope images
Great Observatories program |
6899752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Bradley | Warren Bradley | Warren Bradley may refer to:
Warren Bradley (footballer) (1933–2007), English footballer
Warren Bradley (politician), former leader of Liverpool City Council
Warren Ives Bradley (1847–1868), American author who wrote as Glance Gaylord |
6899761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Perfect | Peter Perfect | Peter Perfect may refer to:
Peter Perfect in the Turbo Terrific, a character in the cartoon Wacky Races
Peter Brock, Australian motor racer
Peter Gregg (racing driver), U.S. motor racer
Peter Ishkhans, judge on the makeover reality series Tease
See also
Perfect Peter, a character in the Horrid Henry stories & TV series |
17325030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician%20Data%20Query | Physician Data Query | Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the US National Cancer Institute's (NCI) comprehensive cancer database. It contains peer-reviewed summaries on cancer treatment, screening, prevention, genetics, and supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine; a registry of more than 6,000 open and 17,000 closed cancer clinical trials from around the world; and a directory of professionals who provide genetics services.
PDQ makes available two data resources. The PDQ NCI Cancer Terms Database is a resource of cancer-related terms, curated by a multidisciplinary panel of reviewers, that is released monthly. The NCI Drug Dictionary is a structured list of technical definitions and synonyms for drugs/agents used to treat patients with cancer or conditions related to cancer.
The NCI also makes a browse-able version of the Cancer Terms database available as part of the NCI Terminology Browser
References
External links
Physician Data Query website Retrieved 27 November 2018.
Oncology
Databases in the United States
Medical databases |
17325072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Geographic%20Institute%20%28Belgium%29 | National Geographic Institute (Belgium) | The Belgian National Geographic Institute (NGI); (, ) is the Belgian national mapping agency.
The headquarters are located at Campus Renaissance near the Cinquantenaire park in Brussels.
See also
(List of) national mapping agencies
External links
NGI / IGN official website
National mapping agencies
Geography of Belgium
Government of Belgium |
6899763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Secret%20in%20the%20Old%20Attic | The Secret in the Old Attic | The Secret in the Old Attic is the twenty-first volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1944 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.
Plot Summary- 1944 edition
Nancy searches for clues to missing music manuscripts written by the late soldier Philip March. March's daughter and his father, living together on the family estate, are rapidly running out of money, and believe some of Philip's music is being sold and played on the radio. Nancy goes to his estate, Pleasant Hedges, to investigate, with the assistance of her good friends, Bess and George. They search the estate, for clues, and also find valuable antiques that they sell for Mr. March so he can get some money in the meantime. Also, her father's client, Mr. Booker, solicits her aid in his investigation of a rival company, the Dight plant, which seems to be manufacturing silk cloth using his patented methods. And what is Bushy Trott, manic scientist, doing at the Dight plant?
There is also a subplot in the original text in which Nancy is confused as to why Ned hasn't asked her out to a dance. It turns out that Diane Dight, daughter of the owner of the Dight plant, intercepts his communication asking Nancy out so that she can date Ned and another boy, also involved in the mystery, can date Nancy. At the end, Nancy is imprisoned in a room with a black widow spider, about to give her a deadly bite. But Ned and Effie Schnieder, the maid, rescue her just in time. Nancy and Ned figure out how they were tricked, and make up.
Nancy continues trying to solve both mysteries, discovering hidden songs in the process. The resolution of both cases are quite climactic.
1970 revision
The revised version, still in print, is a condensed version of the original story, which has 20 chapters instead of 25. The story is largely similar to the original, with Mr. March looking for his son's songs that were composed but never published, so he can sell them for money to raise his granddaughter, Susan. Nancy helps find the missing music and another part introduces that Nancy goes to a factory that she thinks is copying a formula for silk. At the end Nancy, is about to be bitten by a black widow spider but she is saved by Ned Nickerson. The revised text does include Diane Dight, but does not have the romantic subplot of the original edition.
Artwork
Collectors of the series seem to greatly enjoy the original art by Russell H. Tandy, which depicts Nancy among highly Gothic elements, by candlelight, in the old attic. In 1962, Rudy Nappi gave Nancy a modern flip hairstyle and changed the color to red, and altered her shirtwaist wrap dress to a generic red sailor-style dress for the cover art. In 1970, Nappi updated his art, employing a shadowy apple green color motif and Gothic elements, including the skeletal hand, to showcase Nancy, looking very much like Barbara Eden in a coatfront shift, with a candle. This cover plays heavily on the spooky elements popular during the "Dark Shadows" era.
Television
A reference to the book is made in the pilot episode of the Nancy Drew television series. Nancy searched through her family's attic to discover a bloody dress inside a trunk. The visual of Nancy opening the trunk to find the dress looks strikingly similar to the cover of the novel.
References
Nancy Drew books
1944 American novels
1944 children's books
1970 American novels
1970 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
6899772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Stonehouse | Ruth Stonehouse | Ruth Stonehouse (September 28, 1892 – May 12, 1941) was an actress and film director during the silent film era. Her stage career started at the age of eight as a dancer in Arizona shows.
Early life
Ruth Stonehouse was born to James Wesley Stonehouse and Georgia C. Worster on September 28, 1892, in Denver, Colorado. Her father was the founder of Stonehouse Signs Inc. According to the 1900 Census for Laurence Town, Teller County, Colorado, she lived with her father, James, a sign writer, and her grandmother, Eda Stonehouse, along with her sister, Hazel, who was a year younger. By 1910, she was living with her mother, Georgia Stonehouse, a stenographer, and her sister, Hazel, in Chicago, Illinois. Curiously, her mother lists herself as a widow on the 1910 Census, while James Stonehouse can be found residing in Arizona.
Film career
Stonehouse worked for Triangle Film Corporation and Universal Pictures during a career which extended from 1911 until 1928. A few years prior in 1907, she was a founding member of Essanay Film Manufacturing Company. She also signed on to work on Cyrus J. Williams' productions. Having experience here helped Stonehouse begin her directing career later on as she moved to different stations. Her androgynous appearance was most apparent in the role of Nancy Glenn and in the 1917 motion picture, The Edge of the Law. She performed in comedies and dramas such as the patriotic film Doing Her Bit (1917), which was directed by Jack Conway.
In 1917, Stonehouse directed the films Daredevil Dan, A Walloping Time, The Winning Pair, A Limb of Satan, Puppy Love, and Tacky Sue's Romance. These movies were one-reel orphan asylum pictures, the first of which was entitled Mary Ann.
Personal life
Stonehouse owned a cabin in Santa Anita Canyon in the Sierra Madre Mountains. Here she entertained men and women of prominence in the film world, cooking culinary masterpieces which her friends deemed superior to most chefs. Stonehouse was a fan of the Owen Magnetic Auto and promoted it in newspapers. Stonehouse was an avid gardener who grew fibrous-rooted begonias, pleromas, fuchsias, cinerias, and hyacinths. Her home, located at 204 North Rossmore Avenue in Los Angeles, California, was an adaptation of a Spanish design that was situated well to the front of a large lot. She was an active worker in the Children's Home Society for twenty-five years and also a member of the Garden Club of California.
Death
Stonehouse died in Hollywood, California of a cerebral hemorrhage on May 12, 1941, at the age of 48. She was listed as Mrs. Felix Hughes in her obituary. Her funeral services were conducted from Wee Kirk o' the Heather. She was interred in a mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park.
Selected filmography
Mr. Wise, Investigator (1911) *short
When Soul Meets Soul (1913) *short
The Spy's Defeat (1913) short with Francis X. Bushman
Blood Will Tell (1914) short with Bushman
Ashes of Hope (1914, Essanay) short with Bushman
The Masked Wrestler (1914) *short
No. 28, Diplomat (1914) *short
The Slim Princess (1915) with Wallace Beery
The Romance of an American Duchess (1915)
The Papered Door (1915) *short
The Alster Case (1915)
The Gilded Cage (1915)
The Adventures of Peg o' the Ring (1916) *serial
A Phantom Husband (1917)
The Edge of the Law (1917)
Love Aflame (1917)
Follow the Girl (1917)
The Saintly Sinner (1917)
Fighting for Love (1917)
Rosalind at Redgate (1919) *short
The Master Mystery (1919)
The Masked Rider (1919)
The Four-Flusher (1919, Metro Pictures)
The Red Viper (1919 Tyrad Pictures)
Parlor, Bedroom and Bath (1920 Metro Pictures)
The Hope (1920 Metro Pictures)
Are All Men Alike? (1920 Metro Pictures)
The Land of Jazz (1920 Fox Film Corporation)
Cinderella's Twin (1920 Metro Pictures)
I Am Guilty (1921 Associated Producers)
Don't Call Me Little Girl (1921 Paramount Pictures)
The Wolver (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
Mother o' Dreams (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
Lorraine of the Timberlands (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Honor of Rameriz (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Spirit of the Lake (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Heart of Doreon (1921 Pathe Exchange) (*short)
The Flash (1923 Russell Productions)
Flames of Passion (1923 Independent Pictures)
Lights Out (1923 Film Booking Offices of America; FBO)
The Way of the Transgressor (1923 Independent Pictures)
A Girl of the Limberlost (1924 Film Booking Office of America; FBO)
Broken Barriers (1924 Metro-Goldwyn)
Straight Through (1925 Universal Pictures)
A Two-Fisted Sheriff (1925 Arrow Film Corp.)
Fifth Avenue Models (1925 Universal Pictures)
The Fugitive (1925 Arrow Film Corp.)
Blood and Steel (1925 Independent Pictures)
The Scarlet West (1925 First National)
Ermine and Rhinestones (1925 Jans Film Service)
False Pride (1925 Astor Pictures)
The Wives of the Prophet (1926 Lee-Bradford)
Broken Homes (1926 Astor Pictures)
The Ladybird (1927 First Division Pictures)
Poor Girls (1927 Columbia Pictures)
The Satin Woman (1927 Lumas Film Corp.)
The Ape (1928 Collwyn Pictures Corp.)
The Devil's Cage'' (1928 Chadwick Pictures)
References
Notes
Citations
Further reading
1900 United States Federal Census, Precinct 39, Teller, Colorado; Roll T623_130; Page: 7B; Enumeration District: 136.
External links
Ruth Stonehouse at the Women Film Pioneers Project
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American women film directors
20th-century American women writers
Actresses from Denver
1892 births
1941 deaths
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
20th-century American actresses
American film directors
Women film pioneers |
6899779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic%20cheetah | Asiatic cheetah | The Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) is a critically endangered cheetah subspecies currently only surviving in Iran. It once occurred from the Arabian Peninsula and the Near East to the Caspian region, Transcaucasus, Kyzylkum Desert and northern South Asia, but was extirpated in these regions during the 20th century. The Asiatic cheetah diverged from the cheetah population in Africa between 32,000 and 67,000 years ago.
The Asiatic cheetah survives in protected areas in the eastern-central arid region of Iran, where the human population density is very low. Between December 2011 and November 2013, 84 individuals were sighted in 14 different protected areas, and 82 individuals were identified from camera trap photographs. In December 2017, fewer than 50 individuals were thought to be remaining in three subpopulations that are scattered over in Iran's central plateau. As of January 2022, the Iranian Department of Environment estimates that only 12 Asiatic cheetahs, 9 males, and 3 females, are left in Iran.
In order to raise international awareness for the conservation of the Asiatic cheetah, an illustration was used on the jerseys of the Iran national football team at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Taxonomy
Felis venatica was proposed by Edward Griffith in 1821 and based on a sketch of a maneless cheetah from India. Griffith's description was published in Le Règne Animal with the help of Griffith's assistant Charles Hamilton Smith in 1827.
Acinonyx raddei was proposed by Max Hilzheimer in 1913 for the cheetah population in Central Asia, the Trans-Caspian cheetah. Hilzheimer's type specimen originated in Merv, Turkmenistan.
Evolution
Results of a five-year phylogeographic study on cheetah subspecies indicate that Asiatic and African cheetah populations separated between 32,000 and 67,000 years ago and are genetically distinct. Samples of 94 cheetahs for extracting mitochondrial DNA were collected in nine countries from wild, seized and captive individuals and from museum specimen. The population in Iran is considered autochthonous monophyletic and the last remaining representative of the Asiatic subspecies.
Mitochondrial DNA fragments of an Indian and a Southeast African cheetah museum specimens showed that they genetically diverged about 72,000 years ago.
Characteristics
The Asiatic cheetah has a buff-to-light fawn-coloured fur that is paler on the sides, on the front of the muzzle, below the eyes and inner legs. Small black spots are arranged in lines on the head and nape, but irregularly scattered on body, legs, paws and tail. The tail tip has black stripes. The coat and mane are shorter than of African cheetah subspecies. The head and body of an adult Asiatic cheetah measure about with a long tail. It weighs about . They exhibit sexual dimorphism; males are slightly larger than the females.
The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world. It was previously thought that the body temperature of a cheetah increases during a hunt due to high metabolic activity. In a short period of time during a chase, a cheetah may produce 60 times more heat than at rest, with much of the heat, produced from glycolysis, stored to possibly raise the body temperature. The claim was supported by data from experiments in which two cheetahs ran on a treadmill for minutes on end but contradicted by studies in natural settings, which indicate that body temperature stays relatively the same during a hunt. A 2013 study suggested stress hyperthermia and a slight increase in body temperature after a hunt. The cheetah's nervousness after a hunt may induce stress hyperthermia, which involves high sympathetic nervous activity and raises the body temperature. After a hunt, the risk of another predator taking its kill is great, and the cheetah is on high alert and stressed. The increased sympathetic activity prepares the cheetah's body to run when another predator approaches. In the 2013 study, even the cheetah that did not chase the prey experienced an increase in body temperature once the prey was caught, showing increased sympathetic activity.
Distribution and habitat
The cheetah thrives in open lands, small plains, semi-desert areas, and other open habitats where prey is available. The Asiatic cheetah mainly inhabits the desert areas around Dasht-e Kavir in the eastern half of Iran, including parts of the Kerman, Khorasan, Semnan, Yazd, Tehran, and Markazi provinces. Most live in five protected areas, viz Kavir National Park, Touran National Park, Bafq Protected Area, Dar-e Anjir Wildlife Refuge, and Naybandan Wildlife Reserve.
During the 1970s, the Asiatic cheetah population in Iran was estimated to number about 200 individuals in 11 protected areas. By the end of the 1990s, the population was estimated at 50 to 100 individuals.
During camera-trapping surveys conducted across 18 protected areas between 2001 and 2012, a total of 82 individuals in 15–17 families were recorded and identified. Of these, only six individuals were recorded for more than three years. In this period, 42 cheetahs died due to poaching, in road accidents and due to natural causes. Populations are fragmented and known to survive in the Semnan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Yazd, Esfahan, and Kerman Provinces.
In summer 2018, a female cheetah and four cubs were sighted in Touran Wildlife Refuge Iran's Semnan province.
Former range
The Asiatic cheetah once ranged from the Arabian Peninsula and Near East to Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan to India.
It is considered regionally extinct in all of its former range, with the only known surviving population being Iran.
In Iraq, the cheetah was still recorded in the desert west of Basrah in 1926. The last record was published in 1991, and it was a cheetah that had been killed by a car. In the Sinai peninsula, a sighting of two cheetahs was reported in 1946. In the Arabian Peninsula, it used to occur in the northern and southeastern fringes and had been reported in both Saudi Arabia and Kuwait before 1974. Two cheetahs were killed in the northern Saudi Ha'il Region in 1973. In Yemen, the last known cheetah was sighted in Wadi Mitan in 1963, near the international border with Oman. In Oman's Dhofar Mountains, a cheetah was shot near Jibjat in 1977.
In Central Asia, uncontrolled hunting of cheetahs and their prey, severe winters and conversion of grassland to areas used for agriculture contributed to the population's decline. By the early 20th century, the range in Central Asia had decreased significantly. By the 1930s, cheetahs were confined to the Ustyurt plateau and Mangyshlak Peninsula in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and to the foothills of the Kopet Dag mountains and a region in the south of Turkmenistan bordering Iran and Afghanistan. The last known sightings in the area were in 1957 between the Tejen and Murghab Rivers, in July 1983 in the Ustyurt plateau, and in November 1984 in the Kopet Dag. Officers of the Badhyz State Nature Reserve did not sight a cheetah in this area until 2014; the border fence between Iran and Turkmenistan might impede dispersal.
The cheetah population in Afghanistan decreased to the extent that it has been considered extinct since the 1950s. Two skins were sighted in markets in the country, one in 1971, and another in 2006, the latter reportedly from Samangan Province.
In India, the cheetah occurred in Rajputana, Punjab, Sind, and south of the Ganges from Bengal to the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. It was also present in the Kaimur District, Darrah and other desert regions of Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat and Central India. Akbar the Great was introduced to cheetahs around the mid-16th century and used them for coursing blackbucks, chinkaras and antelopes. He allegedly possessed 1,000 cheetahs during his reign but this figure might be exaggerated since there is no evidence of housing facilities for so many animals, nor of facilities to provide them with sufficient meat every day.
Trapping of adult cheetahs, who had already learned hunting skills from wild mothers, for assisting in royal hunts is said to be another major cause of the species' rapid decline in India, as there is only one record of a litter ever born to captive animals. By the beginning of the 20th century, wild Asiatic cheetahs sightings were rare in India, so much so that between 1918 and 1945, Indian princes imported cheetahs from Africa for coursing. Three of India's last cheetahs were shot by the Maharajah of Surguja in 1948. A female was sighted in 1951 in Koriya district, northwestern Chhattisgarh.
Ecology and behaviour
Most sightings of cheetahs in the Miandasht Wildlife Refuge between January 2003 and March 2006 occurred during the day and near watercourses. These observations suggest that they are most active when their prey is.
Camera-trapping data obtained between 2009 and 2011 indicate that some cheetahs travel long distances. A female was recorded in two protected areas that are about apart and intersected by railway and two highways. Her three male siblings and a different adult male were recorded in three reserves, indicating that they have large home ranges.
Diet
The Asiatic cheetah preys on medium-sized herbivores including chinkara, goitered gazelle, wild sheep, wild goat and cape hare. In Khar Turan National Park, cheetahs use a wide range of habitats, but prefer areas close to water sources. This habitat overlaps to 61% with wild sheep, 36% with onager, and 30% with gazelle.
In India, prey was formerly abundant. Before its extinction in the country, the cheetah fed on the blackbuck, the chinkara, and sometimes the chital and the nilgai.
Reproduction
Evidence of females successfully raising cubs is very rare. A few observations in Iran indicate that they give birth throughout the year to one to four cubs. In April 2003, four cubs found in a den had still closed eyes. In November 2004, a cub was recorded by a camera-trap that was about 6–8 months old. Breeding success depends on availability of prey.
In October 2013, a female with four cubs were filmed in Khar Turan National Park. In December 2014, four cheetahs were sighted and photographed by camera traps in the same national park. In January 2015, three other adult Asiatic cheetahs and a female with her cub were sighted in Miandasht Wildlife Refuge. Eleven cheetahs were also sighted at the time, and another four a month later. In July 2015, five adult cheetahs and three cubs were spotted in Khar Turan National Park.
Threats
The Asiatic cheetah has been listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1996. Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, wildlife conservation was interrupted for several years. Manoeuvres with armed vehicles were carried in steppes, and local people hunted cheetahs and prey species unchecked. The gazelle population declined in many areas, and cheetahs retreated to remote mountainous habitats.
Reduced gazelle numbers, persecution, land-use change, habitat degradation and fragmentation, and desertification contributed to the decline of the cheetah population. The cheetah is affected by loss of prey as a result of antelope hunting and overgrazing from introduced livestock. Its prey was pushed out as herders entered game reserves with their herds. A herder pursued a female cheetah with two cubs on his motorbike, until one of the cubs was so exhausted that it collapsed. He caught and kept it chained in his home for two weeks, until it was rescued by officers of the Iranian Department of Environment.
Mining development and road construction near reserves also threaten the population. Coal, copper, and iron have been mined in cheetah habitat in three different regions in central and eastern Iran. It is estimated that the two regions for coal (Nayband) and iron (Bafq) have the largest cheetah population outside protected areas. Mining itself is not a direct threat to the population; road construction and the resulting traffic have made the cheetah accessible to humans, including poachers. The Iranian border regions to Afghanistan and Pakistan, viz the Baluchistan Province, are major passages for armed outlaws and opium smugglers who are active in the central and western regions of Iran, and pass through cheetah habitat. Uncontrolled hunting throughout the desert cannot be effectively controlled by the governments of the three countries.
Conflict between livestock herders and cheetahs is also threatening the population outside protected areas. Several herders killed cheetahs to prevent livestock loss, or for trophies, trade and fun. Some herders are accompanied by large mastiff-type dogs into protected areas. These dogs killed five cheetahs between 2013 and 2016.
Between 2007 and 2011, six cheetahs, 13 predators and 12 Persian gazelles died in Yazd Province following collisions with vehicles on a transit road. At least 11 Asiatic cheetahs were killed in road accidents between 2001 and 2014. The road network in Iran constitutes a very high risk for the small population as it impedes connectivity between population units.
Efforts to stop the construction of a road through the core of the Bafq Protected Area were unsuccessful.
Between 1987 and 2018, 56 cheetahs died in Iran because of humans; 26 were killed by herders or their dogs.
Conservation efforts
In September 2001, the project "Conservation of the Asiatic Cheetah and its Associated Biota" was launched by the Iranian Department of Environment in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme's Global Environment Facility, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the IUCN Cat Specialist Group, the Cheetah Conservation Fund and the Iranian Cheetah Society.
Personnel of Wildlife Conservation Society and the Iranian Department of Environment started radio-collaring Asiatic cheetahs in February 2007. The cats' movements are monitored using GPS collars. International sanctions have made some projects, such as obtaining camera traps, difficult.
A few orphaned cubs have been raised in captivity, such as Marita who died at the age of nine years in 2003. Beginning in 2006, the day of his death, 31 August, became the Cheetah Conservation Day, used to inform the public about conservation programs.
In 2014, the Iranian national football team announced that their 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2015 AFC Asian Cup kits are imprinted with pictures of the Asiatic cheetah in order to bring attention to conservation efforts. In February 2015, Iran launched a search engine, Yooz, that features a cheetah as logo. In May 2015, the Iranian Department of Environment announced plans to quintuple the penalty for poaching a cheetah to 100 million tomans (around US$2800 as of February 2022). In September 2015, Meraj Airlines introduced the new livery of Iranian Cheetah to support its conservation efforts.
Iranian officials have discussed constructing wildlife crossings to reduce the number of deaths in traffic accidents.
In 2014, an Asiatic cheetah was cloned for the first time by scientists from the University of Buenos Aires. The embryo was not born.
In captivity
In February 2010, photos of an Asiatic cheetah in a "Semi-Captive Breeding and Research Center of Iranian Cheetah" in Iran's Semnan province were published. Another news report stated that the centre is home to about ten Asiatic cheetahs in a semi-wild environment protected by wire fencing all around.
In January 2008, a male cub aged about 7–8 months was recovered from a sheep herder and brought into captivity. Wildlife officials in Miandasht Wildlife Refuge and the Turan National Park have raised a few orphaned cubs.
In December 2015, it was reported that 18 Asiatic cheetah cubs had recently been born at Pardisan Park.
Re-introduction proposals
The Asiatic cheetah whose long history on the Indian subcontinent gave the Sanskrit-derived vernacular name "cheetah" to the species Acinonyx jubatus, also had a gradual history of habitat loss there. In Punjab, before the thorn forests were cleared and extensively utilized for agriculture and human settlement, they were intermixed with open grasslands grazed by large herds of blackbuck; these coexisted with their main natural predator the Asiatic cheetah. The blackbuck, no longer extant in Punjab, is severely endangered in India. Later, more habitat loss, prey depletion, and trophy hunting were to lead to the extinction of the Asiatic cheetah in India by the early 1950s.
The debate over whether cheetah reintroduction is compatible with the stated aims of wildlife conservation, started soon after extinction was confirmed. In 1955, the former State Wildlife Board of Andhra Pradesh proposed the reintroduction of the Asiatic cheetah in two districts of the state, on an experimental basis. In 1965, the pros and cons of reintroduction were critically discussed by M. Krishnan in a newspaper article. In 1984, Divyabhanusinh was asked to write a paper on the prospect of cheetah reintroduction in India for the Ministry of Environment and Forests. This paper was subsequently sent to the Cat Specialist Group of Species Survival Commission of the IUCN, where it sparked international interest.
In the 1970s, India's Department of Environment formally wrote to the Iranian government to request Asiatic cheetahs in use for reintroduction and apparently received a positive response. The talks were stalled after the Shah of Iran was deposed in the Iranian Revolution, and the negotiations never progressed. In August 2009, Jairam Ramesh, the then-Minister of Environment, rekindled the talks with Iran for sharing a few of their animals. Iran had always been hesitant to commit to the idea, given the very low numbers present in the country. It is said that Iran wanted an Asiatic lion in exchange for a cheetah, and that India was not willing to export any of its lions. The plan to source cheetahs from Iran was eventually dropped in 2010.
Proposals for the introduction of African cheetahs were made by the Indian government in 2009, but disallowed by India's supreme court. The court reversed its decision in early 2020, allowing the import of a small number on an experimental basis for testing long-term adaptation. On 17 September 2022, five female and three male Southeast African cheetahs between ages four and six, a gift of the government of Namibia, were released in a small quarantined enclosure within the Kuno National Park in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The cheetahs, all fitted with radio collars, will remain in the quarantined enclosure for a month, whereupon initially the males and later the females will be released into the park.
The scientific reaction to the translocation has been mixed. Adrian Tordiffe, a wildlife veterinary pharmacologist at the University of Pretoria who is an enthusiast considers India to provide "protected space" for the fragmented and threatened population of the world's cheetahs. K. Ullas Karanth, one of India's foremost tiger experts has been critical of the effort, considering it to be a "PR exercise," which given India's realities involves "high mortalities," and requires a continual import of African cheetahs.
See also
Wildlife of Iran
Northeast African cheetah
Northwest African cheetah
Southeast African cheetah
East African cheetah
American cheetahs (Miracinonyx)
Cheetah Conservation Fund
References
External links
The Persian Cheetah
Spotted big cat in Turkmenistan
Asiatic cheetah embryos cloned at Royan Institute
Asiatic cheetah
Felids of Asia
Fauna of South Asia
Fauna of Western Asia
Fauna of Iran
Critically endangered fauna of Asia
Species endangered by habitat loss
Species endangered by habitat fragmentation
Asiatic cheetah
Asiatic cheetah |
6899782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Clue%20in%20the%20Crumbling%20Wall | The Clue in the Crumbling Wall | The Clue in the Crumbling Wall is the twenty-second volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1945 under Carolyn Keene, a pseudonym of the ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.
Plot
Nancy and her friends work to find an inheritance concealed in the walls of an old mansion before it can be discovered and stolen by an unscrupulous and crude man.
Covers
The original art, by R. H. Tandy shows Nancy (in a shirtwaist dress), Bess and George removing a box that they have found while hiding from two men were "hacking" away at the stone walls of a garden walkway. Bess is depicted with very dark blonde-light brown hair, and all three girls are in feminine clothing, contrary to what the text of the book describes (riding pants/slacks and casual blouses with sturdy boots/shoes). Nancy is depicted in the same dress in the frontispiece.
The cover was updated with revised art in 1962 to show the same scene, with all three girls again in dresses or skirts, and Nancy's hair changed to Titian red. In this cover, the men are on the other side of the wall. The frontispiece was not updated in this edition.
The story was revised for a 1973 edition with new art showing a montage of Heath Castle, the male vandals, and a perplexed and puzzled Nancy. The art work of the 1973 edition included a frontispiece and the internal illustrations that were described as crude and lacking in detail, according to adult critics and collectors.
Nancy Drew books
1945 American novels
1945 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
6899785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Philips | Trevor Philips | Trevor Philips is a fictional character and one of the three playable protagonists, alongside Michael De Santa and Franklin Clinton, of Grand Theft Auto V, the seventh main title in the Grand Theft Auto series developed by Rockstar Games. He also appears in the game's multiplayer component, Grand Theft Auto Online. A career criminal and former bank robber, Trevor leads his own organisation, Trevor Philips Enterprises, and comes into conflict with various rival gangs and criminal syndicates as he attempts to secure control of the drugs and weapons trade in the fictional Blaine County, San Andreas. He is played by actor Steven Ogg, who provided the voice and motion capture for the character.
Rockstar based Trevor's appearance on Ogg's physical appearance, while his personality was inspired by Charles Bronson. Grand Theft Auto V co-writer Dan Houser described Trevor as purely driven by desire and resentment. To make players care for the character, the designers gave the character more emotions. Trevor is shown to care about people very close to him, despite his antisocial behavior and psychotic derangement.
Trevor is considered one of the most controversial characters in video game history. The general attention given to Trevor by critics was mostly very positive, although some reviewers felt that his violent personality and actions negatively affected the game's narrative. His design and personality have drawn comparisons to other influential video game and film characters. Many reviewers have called Trevor a likeable and believable character, and felt that he is one of the few protagonists in the Grand Theft Auto series that would willingly execute popular player actions, such as murder and violence.
Character design
Grand Theft Auto V co-writer Dan Houser explained that Trevor "appeared to pretty much out of nowhere as the embodiment of another side of criminality [...] If Michael was meant to be the idea of some version of criminal control [...] what about the guy who didn't do that?" He later described Trevor as "the person who's driven purely by desire, resentment, no thought for tomorrow whatsoever, completely id rather than ego-driven." He stated that Trevor "kills without remorse, like a true psychopath, but very sentimental for the right reasons when it suits him."
Rockstar drew upon game protagonist archetypes while scripting the characters; Trevor was considered to embody insanity. Houser said the team characterised Michael and Trevor as juxtapositions of each other. He said, "Michael is like the criminal who wants to compartmentalise and be a good guy some of the time and Trevor is the maniac who isn't a hypocrite". He said that having three lead characters would help move the game's plot into more original territory than its predecessors, which traditionally followed a single protagonist rising through the ranks of a criminal underworld. Steven Ogg was cast as Trevor. During the initial audition process, Ogg noticed an on-set chemistry between him and Ned Luke (who portrayed Michael), which he felt helped secure them the roles. Ogg said, "When [Luke] and I went in the room together we immediately had something". While the actors knew their auditions were for Rockstar Games, it was when they signed contracts that they learned they would be involved in a Grand Theft Auto title.
Ogg felt Trevor's characterisation developed over time. He said, "Nuances and character traits that began to appearhis walk, his manner of speech, his reactions, definitely informed his development throughout the game". Ogg cites Tom Hardy's portrayal of English criminal Charles Bronson in the 2008 biopic Bronson as a strong stylistic influence. He opined that while Trevor embodies the violent, psychopathic Grand Theft Auto anti-hero archetype, he wanted to evoke player sympathy to Trevor's story. "To elicit other emotions was tough, and it was the biggest challenge and it's something that meant a lot to me", Ogg explained. The actors began working on the game in 2010. Their performances were mostly recorded using motion capture technology. Dialogue for scenes with characters seated in vehicles was recorded in studios. Because the actors had their dialogue and movements recorded on-set, they considered their performances were no different from those of film or television roles. Their dialogue was scripted so that it did not allow the actors to ad-lib; however they sometimes made small changes to the performance with approval from the directors.
Appearances
Grand Theft Auto V
Trevor was born in Canada, just north of the border of the United States. He grew up with a physically abusive father and an emotionally abusive mother. Trevor loved planes, and at some point entered the military as a pilot, but was quickly forced to leave after being reproved in a psychological evaluation. Later on, Trevor committed crimes, the first one being a small robbery that landed him in jail for six months. Due to good behavior, he was out in four. He would continue his criminal ways, including using his piloting skills to become a smuggler. Trevor met Michael Townley in 1993 and they realised that they wanted to earn money by performing large heists, so they joined forces and became successful in doing so over the following years. Their partnership began to strain after Michael married a stripper named Amanda and started a family with her. Despite this, Trevor grew close to Michael's children, who came to see him as their uncle.
In 2004, during a heist in Ludendorff, North Yankton, Michael and mutual accomplice Brad Snider are shot by police while Trevor escapes. While on the run, Trevor is led to believe that Michael died and Brad was sent to jail. Trevor eventually settles in Sandy Shores, a small town in Blaine County, San Andreas, where he establishes a small criminal enterprise that smuggles weapons and manufactures methamphetamine, which he hopes will grow into a large empire. Due to raging abandonment issues, Trevor surrounds himself with two loyal friends that he kidnapped and brainwashed from their previous lives named "Nervous" Ron Jakowski and Wade Hebert. Trevor enters an uneasy truce with his competitors in Sandy Shores, including the Lost Motorcycle Club led by Johnny Klebitz, the Varrios Los Aztecas gang, and the O'Neil Brothers.
In 2013, Trevor finds out that Michael faked his death, and is so spooked and enraged that he breaks the truce and kills most of his competition in one outburst of violence, a deadly streak that continues when a potential game-changing deal with a group of triads falls through. He later drives to Los Santos, taking over the apartment and ruining the life of Wade's cousin Floyd, and reunites with Michael, who took on the surname "De Santa" and is supposedly living in witness protection. Though Michael is reluctant to have Trevor back in his life again, he eventually introduces him to Franklin Clinton, after which the two perform heists again, this time including Franklin. Trevor is determined to rob anything guarded by Merryweather Security Consulting, a private security firm that he dislikes, but he often fails.
When corrupt Federal Investigation Bureau (FIB) agents Dave Norton and Steve Haines contact Michael after he breaks his agreement with them by committing heists again, they force him to carry out a number of operations alongside Trevor and Franklin to undermine the rival International Affairs Agency (IAA). Steve later introduces the trio to Devin Weston, a billionaire investor who hires them to steal a number of rare cars, but ultimately cheats them out of their money. During this time, Trevor begins to bond with Franklin, as they carry out several jobs together without Michael, some of which involve Franklin's friend Lamar Davis, whom Trevor also befriends. Later, after not getting paid for a job, Trevor kidnaps Patricia, the wife of drug kingpin Martin Madrazo. Due to her kind maternal nature and his own abandonment issues, Trevor falls in love with her and only returns her after much demanding from Michael. However, the two stay in contact until the end of the game.
Trevor eventually discovers that the Ludendorff heist from nine years prior was a set up planned by Michael and Dave, meant to allow the former to retire and escape from Trevor, and that Brad was not arrested, but rather killed and buried in Michael's fake grave. Feeling betrayed, Trevor vows to kill Michael, but later comes to his and Dave's aid when they are betrayed by Steve, because he needs Michael alive for one last heist. When that heist is successful, Trevor is so pleased that he lifts the death vow but still hates Michael. Near the end of the game, Franklin is approached separately by Dave and Steve, who contend that Trevor is a liability, and by Devin, who seeks revenge against Michael for an earlier incident. This leaves Franklin with three choices: kill Trevor, kill Michael, or try to save them both in a suicide mission.
If the first option is chosen, Franklin meets up with Trevor, before chasing him to an oil plant, where Michael arrives and causes Trevor to crash into an oil tank. With Trevor covered in oil, either Franklin or Michael shoot the oil, setting Trevor alight and killing him. After the mission, Trevor's cut of the final heist is equally split between Michael and Franklin, who are both affected by Trevor's death and decide to end their partnership, but remain friends. Ron, Lamar, and Michael's son Jimmy are also upset by Trevor's death: the former threatens Michael for his involvement and tells him that the business he and Trevor had built is over; Lamar asks Franklin if he knows how it happened, and the latter lies that Trevor was killed by government agents; and Jimmy is shocked to learn that Michael was involved, but the latter assures him that Trevor was dangerous.
If the second option is chosen, Franklin calls Trevor to help him kill Michael, but he refuses and cuts his ties with Franklin, saying he is tired of being surrounded by traitors. If Franklin meets with Trevor afterward, the latter accuses him of killing Michael, and warns him to stay away. Trevor is also called by Jimmy, but does not know what to say to comfort him because he was never close to his own father.
If the third option is chosen, Trevor and Michael put their differences aside to help Franklin survive an onslaught by the FIB and Merryweather, before splitting up to eliminate their remaining enemies; Trevor assassinates Steve and kidnaps Devin so that the trio may kill him together. Afterward, Trevor reconciles with Michael and they agree to stop working together, but remain allies. Trevor can continue to hang out with Michael and Franklin, during which he eventually admits that he over-reacted after learning the truth about Brad, and refers to himself and Michael as friends.
Grand Theft Auto Online
Trevor is a main character in Grand Theft Auto Online, the online multiplayer mode of Grand Theft Auto V, set several months before the single-player story. He provides missions to the player after they reach Rank 13 and steal Trevor's rolling meth lab during a job. When the player arrives at his trailer, Trevor demands compensation for the stolen meth lab and has them complete several jobs, which generally consist of stealing drugs from rivals, mainly the Lost MC, and killing the dealers. Trevor later plays a major role in the 2015 Heists update, where he masterminds one of the heists featured in the update. This "heist" consists of the theft of drugs from various gangs, including the Lost, the O'Neil Brothers, the Los Santos Vagos, and the Ballas, which Trevor plans to sell for a large profit. After all drug shipments are collected, Trevor and the players deliver them to the deal's location, whereupon Trevor gives the players their cut in advance and they leave. When the buyer arrives, Trevor quickly realizes that the deal is a sting operation, at which point he is ambushed by the Drug Observation Agency (DOA), but manages to escape, albeit without the drugs.
Although Trevor makes no further appearances in the game, he is mentioned by Ron in the 2017 update Smuggler's Run, which is set in 2017, a few years after the single-player story. Ron, after being abandoned by Trevor, contacts the player to start their own smuggling operation, and when they meet, the former briefly talks about Trevor, saying he has "gone Vinewood" and has become a guru and lifestyle coach; this confirms Trevor is still alive after the events of Grand Theft Auto V. Furthermore, the 2019 update, The Diamond Casino & Resort, includes a mention of the events of "The Third Way," implying that both Trevor and Michael canonically survive the events of the single-player story.
Cultural impact
Reception
Trevor's character was met with generally positive feedback following the release of Grand Theft Auto V. Edge singled out Trevor as the stand-out of the three protagonists, which they owed to his volatile personality. Like Edge, Caroline Petit of GameSpot considered Trevor "a truly horrible, terrifying, psychotic human being—and a terrific character." Eurogamers Tom Bramwell, however, felt that Trevor undermined the other characters because he was a "shallow and unconvincing" sensationalised anti-hero, and that "his antics derail[ed] the narrative" and overshadowed the character development of Michael and Franklin. Xav de Matos of Joystiq found all three characters unlikable to the extent that they had an alienating effect on the story, noting that "though each character has a valid motivation for his journey, it's difficult to want them to succeed." He also felt that the ambivalence between Trevor and Michael was a tired device by the conclusion of the story as it became a "seemingly endless cycle" of conflict between them.
Lucas Sullivan of GamesRadar praised Trevor for being the first character in the series that "makes sense". He stated that, upon their first playthrough of a Grand Theft Auto game, most players "carjacked some poor schlub, then started doing 90mph on the sidewalk, mowing over civilians", as opposed to playing peacefully. "Trevor's existence isn't a commentary on any group of people–he's just the first logical fit to the way people have been playing GTA games for the past decade," he said. Sullivan concluded that Trevor is one of the few protagonists in Grand Theft Auto that would willingly execute popular player actions, such as murder and violence. Andy Corrigan of IGN compared Trevor to Heath Ledger's Joker in the 2008 film The Dark Knight. Corrigan felt that Trevor is the only character in Grand Theft Auto V not trying to fake his persona, stating "Trevor absolutely knows that he's a monster but just doesn't care. He enjoys causing misery and harm, lives for it and embraces it and – much like Heath Ledger's Joker – he exists purely for unadulterated anarchy." He also felt that Trevor's only reasoning for hurting people and messing everything up around him is simply because it's just too much fun not to. Corrigan concluded saying that it's clear that the world through the eyes of Trevor is already royally broken and he sees no harm in messing it up some more, hence the reason for Trevor's actions.
Trevor was named Best Character for the Official Xbox Magazine Game of the Year Awards 2013. The character was nominated for Character of the Year at VGX, Best New Character from Hardcore Gamer, and Best Character from Destructoid. Steven Ogg was also nominated for his work as Trevor from VGX, The Telegraph, and the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards.
Controversies
The mission "By the Book" from Grand Theft Auto V was criticised for its depiction of torture. In the mission, Trevor interrogates Ferdinand "Mr. K" Kerimov for information about a suspected Azerbaijani fugitive who poses a threat to the FIB (the game's version of the FBI). Trevor uses torture equipment on the restrained man, which players select from a table. Once Mr. K provides the FIB with the information, Trevor is asked to kill him, but instead drives him to the airport, providing him an opportunity to escape. While driving Kerimov, Trevor monologues about the ineffectiveness of torture, pointing out Kerimov's readiness to supply the FIB with the information without being tortured, and expressing that torture is used as a power play "to assert ourselves".
Reviewers echoed that while the mission served as political commentary on the use of torture by the United States government, its use of torture was in poor taste. GameSpots Petit felt that placing the torture scene in context with the monologue created a hypocrisy in the mission's function as a commentary device, and IGNs Keza MacDonald felt it "pushed the boundaries of taste". In an editorial, Bramwell discussed whether the political commentary was overshadowed by the violent content, comparing the mission to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2s "No Russian" controversy. He considered the sequence lacking enough context to justify its violence and summarised its function as "flawed". Labour MP Keith Vaz expressed concern that underage players could be exposed to the mission. Keith Best of Freedom from Torture said the torturer role-play "crossed a line". Tom Chick defended the torture sequence, and wrote that unlike the "No Russian" mission or the 2012 film Zero Dark Thirty, the underlying political commentary on torture in "By the Book" necessitated the violent content.
References
Missions
Fictional alcohol abusers
Fictional assassins in video games
Fictional aviators
Fictional bank robbers
Fictional pansexuals
Fictional businesspeople in video games
Fictional Canadian people
Fictional cannabis users
Fictional cannibals
Fictional career criminals
Fictional characters from California
Fictional characters with psychiatric disorders
Fictional crime bosses
Fictional criminals in video games
Fictional drug dealers
Fictional gangsters
Fictional immigrants to the United States
Fictional kidnappers
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional methamphetamine users
Fictional military personnel in video games
Fictional outlaws
Fictional professional thieves
Fictional rampage and spree killers
Fictional Royal Canadian Air Force personnel
Fictional soldiers in video games
Fictional torturers and interrogators
Fictional torturers
Grand Theft Auto characters
Grand Theft Auto V
LGBT characters in video games
Male characters in video games
Video game characters introduced in 2013
Video game mascots
Video game protagonists |
6899789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Girard | Nicolas Girard | Nicolas Girard (born June 5, 1972 in Montreal, Quebec) is a politician in Quebec, Canada, and former member of the National Assembly of Quebec. He was elected to the National Assembly in a by-election as a Parti Québécois member on September 20, 2004 in riding of Gouin in the Montreal region.
Student activism
Girard was involved in politics in his teens, notably on the Parti Québécois (PQ) Youth Association in the riding of La Prairie.
As a student of Collège Édouard-Montpetit, Girard was involved in the Parti Québécois local cell. He was then elected president of the student college association. He fought against budget cuts made by the Canadian federal government.
During the 1995 Quebec referendum, he founded a student organization supporting the yes side. He gave several speeches along with PQ leader, Jacques Parizeau.
Girard has a bachelor's degree in political sciences at the Université de Montréal and did studies for the master's degree in industrial relations.
During his stay at the Université de Montréal, he was elected leader of student association - Fédération des associations étudiantes du campus de l'Université de Montréal (FAÉCUM).
He is a former student activist, notably organizing student rallies against former minister Lloyd Axworthy's cuts in education. He then became the president-elect of the Federation des associations étudiantes du campus de l'Université de Montréal (FAECUM). FAECUM supported the yes side during the 1995 Quebec referendum.
Early political career
Upon graduation, Girard was hired by the Parti Québécois as a communication advisor. He later worked for several ministers, including François Legault, André Boisclair and Sylvain Simard as a press secretary.
At the 2003 provincial election, he was appointed as the deputy communication director for the campaign. Following the PQ's defeat, he was hired by the Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN), as a communication specialist. He also joined Pauline Marois's organization as an advisor, in her attempt to quickly replace Bernard Landry.
2004 by-election
In 2004, following André Boisclair's resignation, he ran for the PQ in the Gouin riding. In the candidate selection process, he was backed by Pauline Marois and defeated high-profile Bloc Québécois vice-president, Dominique Ollivier, who was supported by Bernard Bigras, Gilles Duceppe and Louise Harel.
He won his selection at the third round by a one-vote margin.
Political career 2004 - 2007
Early after his election, he left Marois' organization to back Bernard Landry who was gaining support in order to get a decent confidence score at a mandatory PQ internal vote.
In 2005, Bernard Landry resigned after gaining only 75% of his party support, Girard then convinced André Boisclair to make a bid for the PQ leadership, which he won.
Since, Girard's political career has been on the fast-track. Boisclair appointed him the PQ critics in social services and as the chief strategist for the upcoming provincial election. Girard then appointed long-time friend, Pierre-Luc Paquette, as PQ's general manager.
It is said that Girard would play a leading role in an eventual Boisclair government.
General election 2007
Girard was re-appointed the PQ's candidate in the Gouin riding in 2007. He faced Françoise David, the leader of Quebec Solidaire, a left wing political party.
His electoral office was occupied by FRAPRU, a social lobby supporting more public funded housing, police were forced to evacuate the illegal protesters.
He was re-elected with almost 40% of the vote, however the PQ finished in third position.
Defeat and AMT appointment
Girard was defeated in the September 4, 2012 Quebec general election. On September 25, 2012, he was appointed president and CEO of the Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT), which coordinates regional transportation in the Montreal area.
He was removed from the position by Premier Philippe Couillard in August 2015, resulting in PQ claims that it was because he was a sovereignist. His large severance pay also created controversy.
Electoral record (partial)
* Result compared to Action démocratique
* Result compared to UFP
|-
|Liberal
|Edith Keays
|align="right"|3,645
|align="right"|24.32
|align="right"|-5.88
|-
|-
|-
|-
|Independent
|Régent Millette
|align="right"|33
|align="right"|0.22
|align="right"|–
|-
|}
References
1972 births
French Quebecers
Living people
Parti Québécois MNAs
Politicians from Montreal
Université de Montréal alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians |
6899793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Allanbrook | Douglas Allanbrook | Douglas Allanbrook (April 1, 1921 – January 29, 2003) was an American composer, concert pianist and harpsichordist. He was associated with a group of mid-twentieth century Boston composers who were students of Nadia Boulanger. His compositions are described by the Kennedy Center as "smooth, showing astute sense, assertiveness, and originality."
Early life
Allanbrook was born on April 1, 1921, and raised in Melrose, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. He began taking piano lessons at the age of eight. Within two years he was playing Bach, Haydn, and Czerny. By thirteen, he started composing; his first serious piece was entitled On the Death of a Beautiful White Cat. While in high school, he was composing sonatas for violin and piano and writing sketches for a Symphony in G minor.
Education
After high school, Allanbrook studied at Boston University for one year. In 1939 he was hired as a music teacher at the Mary Wheeler finishing school, a private girls' school, in Providence, where Gloria Vanderbilt was among his piano students. In 1941, the Rhode Island Symphony played his student orchestral work "Music for a Tragedy."
During the same year, Nadia Boulanger came to Providence to accept an honorary degree from Brown University. She heard some of Allanbrook's music and immediately took him under her wing. He began commuting regularly to Cambridge to study with her, and became part of her coterie of Boston composers, which included Harold Shapero, Irving Fine, Paul Desmarais, and Daniel Pinkham.
In the fall of 1942, the Army drafted Allanbrook. Serving as an infantryman for three years, he fought his way up the Italian peninsula, in the process earning a Bronze Star and starting his lifelong love affair with Italy. His 1995 book, See Naples: A Memoir of Love, Peace, and War in Italy recounts his wartime experiences with the 88th Division in the Italian Campaign, in which his division suffered a 75% casualty rate.
When the war ended, he returned to Boston to enter Harvard University on the G.I. Bill. His major professor was composer Walter Piston, with whom he studied harmony, counterpoint, and orchestration. Among his fellow students were Peter Davison, who was to become a poet and publisher, and John Clinton Hunt, also to become a writer. Allanbrook composed prolifically, including his first three-movement piano sonata, and a cantata to T.S. Eliot's poem Ash Wednesday. He spent his summers at the MacDowell Colony in New Hampshire, composing among distinguished artists also there. He completed his B.A. degree in May 1948. He was awarded a Paine Traveling Fellowship from Harvard, which he used to spend the next two years (1948–1950) in Paris honing his composing and performing skills, once again studying under Nadia Boulanger. There he formed close musical friendships with composers Ned Rorem, Noël Lee, Leo Preger and Georges Auric.
In the summer of 1950 on a Fulbright scholarship, he returned to Italy to study harpsichord under Ruggero Gerlin, longtime associate of Wanda Landowska, at the Naples Conservatory. Under Gerlin's tutelage, he learned to perform the partitas and the two books of the Well-Tempered Clavier of J. S. Bach, the of François Couperin, and various sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti. Allanbrook spent two extraordinarily creative years in Italy as composer and performer. His main work from this period is his first opera, Ethan Frome, a setting of Edith Wharton's novel of the same name with a libretto by John Clinton Hunt.
St. John's
In 1952 he returned to the U.S. to become a tutor at St. John's College in Annapolis in its Great Brooks Program. Although he taught part-time at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore from 1953 through 1956, he chose to stay at St. John's for the duration of his teaching career. Allanbrook was on the faculty at St. John's for 45 years, teaching music, math, philosophy, Greek, and French. Although he retired from the college in May 1986, he continued to teach and perform there until his death. For many years, he was a member of the board at the Yaddo artists colony near Saratoga Springs, NY. He died in Annapolis, Maryland on January 29, 2003, from a heart attack at the age of 81.
Catalog
His catalog contains 63 mature musical compositions, from his Te Deum (1942) to his String Quartet No. 6 (2002). He greatly admired Boulanger and Stravinsky, and his formative years of composing show influence from both artists. His main works include seven symphonies, two operas, Ethan Frome and Nightmare Abbey (based on the novel by Thomas Love Peacock), sacred and secular choral works, four string quartets, numerous chamber pieces, and innumerable piano and harpsichord works. His opera Ethan Frome was written in 1951 was based on the novel by Edith Wharton. He performed the piano part himself in 1955 for Aaron Copland at the Harvard Club. However, the opera was shelved for fifty years until his son John Allanbrook directed in at the Eliot House. During his lifetime, his orchestral works were performed by orchestras across America and Europe, including the National Symphony Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony, Stuttgart Philharmonic, Munich Radio Orchestra. He had a warm and creative collaboration with the Annapolis Brass Quintet from 1975 until its disbandment in 1991. Other performers who gave premieres of his music under his supervision include harpsichordist Ralph Kirkpatrick, violinist Robert Gerle, and the Kronos Quartet.
Personal life
Allanbrook was married twice, with both marriages ending in divorce. As recounted in See Naples, his first marriage was in 1952 to Candida Curcio, a theater actress whom he met in Italy; they had a son, Timothy, an architect. Later in 1975, he married the Mozart scholar and future president of the American Musicological Society Wye Allanbrook née Jamison (March 15, 1943 – July 15, 2010); their son, John, is a musician who has conducted recordings of several major Allanbrook works for Mapleshade Records.
Further reading
Douglas Allanbrook, See Naples: A Memoir. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1995.
Douglas Allanbrook and Pierre Sprey, publicity material for Mapleshade Records, 1995–2003.
Edward Komara, Douglas Allanbrook: A Classified List of Works. SUNY Buffalo, 1989, unpublished.
"Douglas Allanbrook" in Laura Kuhn, editor, Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Centennial Edition, New York: Schirmer, 2000.
Interview with Douglas Allanbrook, April 27, 1987
References
1921 births
2003 deaths
American male composers
Boston University alumni
Harvard University alumni
St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) faculty
People from Melrose, Massachusetts
Musicians from Massachusetts
United States Army personnel of World War II
Peabody Institute faculty
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American composers
American male pianists
United States Army soldiers
20th-century American male musicians
Mapleshade Records artists
American expatriates in Italy |
6899802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Ahern | Maurice Ahern | Maurice Ahern (born 1938/39) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Dublin City Council for the Cabra–Glasnevin local electoral area from 1999 to 2009. He was first elected at the 1999 local elections, topping the poll. He was re-elected at the 2004 local elections. He was the Lord Mayor of Dublin in 2000, and formerly Leader of the Fianna Fáil group on the council. He was a member of the Irish Sports Council.
Married to Moira Murray-Ahern, he has five sons and one daughter. His eldest son, Dylan Ahern, was found dead in his apartment on 22 November 2009.
He is the elder brother of Bertie Ahern and Noel Ahern, both of whom served as Fianna Fáil TDs, Bertie Ahern having served as Taoiseach from 1997–2008.
He was the Fianna Fáil candidate in the Dublin Central by-election which was held on 5 June 2009. He lost that election being beaten into 5th place. On the same day, he also lost his council seat in the 2009 local elections.
References
1930s births
Living people
Year of birth uncertain
Maurice
Fianna Fáil politicians
Lord Mayors of Dublin
Sport Ireland officials
People educated at O'Connell School |
6899816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mystery%20of%20the%20Tolling%20Bell | The Mystery of the Tolling Bell | The Mystery of the Tolling Bell is the twenty-third volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1946 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Mildred Wirt Benson.
Plot summary
Nancy, Bess, and George travel to the picturesque seaside town of Candleton to meet Carson Drew's client, a woman named Mrs. Chantrey, who has been cheated out of money by buying phony stock. On the way, they stop in Fisher's Cove where Bess buys expensive "Mon Coeur" perfume from a suspicious woman. Upon arrival in Candleton, they meet busy Mrs. Chantrey at her restaurant, the Salsandee shop, and help out as waitresses for a day. While waiting on tables, Nancy meets a mysterious diner named Amos Hendrick. He tells her of his search for a missing Paul Revere bell. When he leaves, Nancy finds a piece of paper that he dropped with a mysterious message on it and gives it to Mrs. Chantrey for safekeeping.
When Mr. Drew fails to join the girls as planned, Nancy is worried. She soon finds that he has been kidnapped and left in a hotel. She rescues her father, who thinks that he has been drugged. Meanwhile, Nancy also becomes interested in the local story of Amy Maguire, who married a man named Ferdinand Slocum despite her parents' disapproval.
While talking with Mrs. Chantrey and the other residents of Candleton, they tell her of a cave which is said to be inhabited by a ghost who rings a bell every time water rushes through it. Nancy investigates and is swept into the sea by rushing water until she is rescued. This does not stop her and she continues to investigate the cave, which lies directly under the Maguire house. Then, Nancy discovers that many other residents of Candleton besides Mrs. Chantrey have been scammed into buying fake stock in the "Mon Coeur" brand. Nancy eventually tracks down the perfume scammers, finds out the true story of Amy Maguire, uncovers the ghost, and, with the help of the mysterious piece of paper, rescues the tolling bell, which turns out to be the valuable Paul Revere bell that Amos Hendrick was searching for.
Artwork, text, and publishing history
The first edition featured a dust jacket and plain-paper frontispiece by Russell H. Tandy, and it was the first Nancy Drew book with a wraparound spine. The book is also notable as it was the last Nancy Drew book to be published with the orange silhouette and orange lettering on the book boards that had been in print since 1932.
The Tandy art was kept in print for multiple original text picture cover printings from 1962 until 1966, when Rudy Nappi revised the cover art depicting the same scene for later original text printings, with a revised frontispiece by an unknown artist. This artwork featured Nancy in pink and was in print until the book was revised in 1973.
The cover and spines of books with the second cover art (first Nappi) both have the title "Mystery of the Tolling Bell". This would create confusion as the original title was "The Mystery of the Tolling Bell", and the original text still said "The Mystery of the Tolling Bell" on the inside.
It was not until the text was revised in 1973 that the title was changed to "Mystery of the Tolling Bell". Rudy Nappi made a new cover for the revision using heavy symbolism from the original two covers. The revision had five internal illustrations and a frontispiece by an uncredited artist, although one of the illustrations bears the clear signature "A. Orbaan" (presumably Albert Orbaan). The revised text of this book is still in print as of 2021, now published in “glossy flashlight” format by Grosset & Dunlap.
The original text was in print for 26 years, from 1946 to 1972. A revised text was published in 1973 as part of the Stratemeyer Syndicate’s project to revise the Nancy Drew and Hardy Boys texts published from 1927 to 1956. The original spans 25 chapters and 213 pages, while the revised edition has 20 chapters and 181 pages.
References
Nancy Drew books
1946 American novels
1946 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
6899817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caleb%20Williams | Caleb Williams | Caleb Williams may refer to:
Caleb Williams, the shortened title and the name of the protagonist of Things as They Are; or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams, a 1794 British novel
Caleb Williams (American football) (born 2002), American football quarterback
Caleb Williams Saleeby (1878–1940), English physician |
6899826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fall%20of%20America%3A%20Poems%20of%20These%20States | The Fall of America: Poems of These States | The Fall of America: Poems of These States, 1965–1971 is a collection of poetry by Allen Ginsberg, published by City Lights Bookstore in 1973, for which Ginsberg shared the annual U.S. National Book Award for Poetry.
It is characterized by a prophetic tone inspired by William Blake and Walt Whitman, as well as an objective view characterized by William Carlos Williams. The content is more overtly political than most of his previous poetry with many of the poems about Ginsberg's condemnation of America's actions in Vietnam. Current events such as the Moon Landing and the 1968 Democratic National Convention, the death of Che Guevara, and personal events such as the death of Ginsberg's friend and former lover Neal Cassady are also topics. Many of the poems were initially composed on an Uher Tape recorder, purchased by Ginsberg with the help of Bob Dylan.
Style
The Fall of America blends poetry, travel writing, personal experience, radio news broadcasts, popular songs, newspaper headlines, and journalistic observations, to give it a multilayered and spontaneous effect. It marks Ginsberg's movement toward a more complete spontaneous style of expression.
Some of the poems included in this collection are:
"Beginning of a Poem of These States"
"Elegy For Neal Cassady"
"On Neal's Ashes"
"Please Master"
"Hum Bom!"
"September on Jessore Road"
For Collected Poems Ginsberg grouped Wichita Vortex Sutra from Planet News and all of Iron Horse together under the heading The Fall of America.
Poems included under the heading The Fall of America in Collected Poems 1947-1980 and in Collected Poems 1947-1997:
"First Party Ken Kesey's with Hells Angels"
"Wichita Vortex Sutra"
"Iron Horse (Poem)"
"City Midnight Junk Strains"
"Wales Visitation"
Trivia
Paul McCartney and Youth, performing as The Fireman, borrowed the title of their album Electric Arguments from the poem "Kansas City to St. Louis," in which Ginsberg describes driving along the highway in a "white Volkswagen" (i.e., a "beetle") while listening to music and call-in shows on the radio and looking at signs and billboards:
Wooing the decade / gaps from the 30s returned / Old earth rolling mile after mile patient / The ground / I roll on / the ground / the music soars above / The ground electric arguments / ray over / The ground dotted with signs for Dave's Eat Eat"
Thus, "electric arguments" refers both to the radio waves carrying talk-show arguments and also to illuminated billboards and neon signs.
References
Schumacher, Michael. (1992) Dharma Lion. St. Martins Press, New York.
Poetry by Allen Ginsberg
American poetry collections
National Book Award for Poetry winning works
Vietnam War poems
Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
Anti-war works
1973 poetry books
City Lights Publishers books |
6899827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kiso%20Fukushima | Siege of Kiso Fukushima | The 1554 siege of Kiso-Fukushima was a siege by Takeda Shingen on Fukushima Castle, in the Kiso River Valley of Shinano province. This was one of many battles fought during Shingen's campaign to seize control of Shinano.
Kiso Yoshiyasu, commander of the besieged castle, surrendered as his garrison ran out of food and water, as a result of Shingen's starvation siege tactics.
References
Turnbull, Stephen (1998). 'The Samurai Sourcebook'. London: Cassell & Co.
Kiso-Fukushima
Kiso-Fukushima
1554 in Japan
Conflicts in 1554 |
20462724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%2015%20Bayernliga | Under 15 Bayernliga | The Under 15 Bayernliga (German: C-Jugend Bayernliga) is the highest level of competition for under 15 football teams in Bavaria and the second tier of the Southern German league system, set below the Under 15 Regionalliga Süd.
History
The competition was established in 1975, as a championship rather than a league, alongside the Bavarian Under 17 championship. Since then, the winner of the competition is determined by an on-off final.
To qualify for the championship, a club had to win one of the seven Bezirksoberligas in Bavaria, the highest football leagues at this level and age.
The seven champions played a quarter final round with home-and-away games, whereby six clubs are drawn against each other for three games. The three winners plus the team that had a bye in this round reach the semi-finals, now played at a neutral ground. The two semi-finals winner enter the Bavarian championship final. Semi-final and final are held on the same weekend and location.
There is no national German championship at this level but an Under 15 Southern German championship exists since 1979, where the regional champions of Bavaria, Württemberg, North Baden, South Baden and Hesse compete.
Below this level, at the under 13 (German: D-Jugend), no Bavarian championship exists. The under 15 level is currently, as of 2008, the highest level of play where clubs like FC Bayern Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg still compete with their first teams at state level.
In 2008, the Bavarian football association had 2,630 registered under 15 teams, a marginal increase from the previous year. All up, 20,699 junior teams were registered with the BFV in 2008
Since 1994, a knock-out cup competition, the Bau Pokal, is also played.
Bayernliga
In 2005, following the example of the under 19 and under 17 Bayernligas, two regional leagues, north and south, were formed. From then on, the two league winners would meet in the Bavarian final. The northern division operates with 14, the southern with 12 clubs. This difference results from the fact that the north has four Bezirksoberligas as the leagues below while the south only has three.
The bottom four clubs in the north and the bottom three clubs in the south are relegated while the seven Bezirksoberliga champions earn direct promotion. In 2008, there were five clubs promoted to the northern division due to SV Memmelsdorf withdrawing at the end of season.
In the 2006–07 season, FC Bayern Munich remained unbeaten throughout the league season, winning the Bavarian final, too, ending the season with 18 wins and five draws.
In the 2007–08 season, Bayern Munich remained unbeaten throughout the league season again, only losing the final to 1. FC Nürnberg. 1. FCN in turn only lost one regular season game, drew one and won all 24 others.
On 24 September 2008, with a 0–1 loss to TSV 1860 Munich in the 2008–09 season's first round, Bayern Munichs unbeaten run of 44 league games came to an end. Previously, the club had lost 0–2 in the league on 10 June 2006 to TSV 1860 Rosenheim in the last round of the 2005–06 season.
Regionalliga
In October 2008, the Southern German football federation decided that, from 2010 onwards, an Under 15 Regionalliga South would be established, a step similar to what had been taken for the under 19 in 1996 and the under 17 in 2000. Regionalligas already exist in the two regions west and north and the south was concerned it would fall behind. After a lengthy debate, 86 of 131 delegates voted for the new league which will include five clubs from Bavaria, alongside clubs from Hesse and Baden-Württemberg. In this vote, the delegates from Baden-Württemberg, where a united Oberliga already exists since 2008, voted against while the other two regions plus the delegates from the professional clubs voted for the proposal.
Geography
Below the Bayernliga, there is seven Bezirksoberligas, roughly organised within the boundaries of the seven Bavarian Regierungsbezirke, these being:
Upper Bavaria
Lower Bavaria
Upper Palatinate
Swabia
Middle Franconia
Upper Franconia
Lower Franconia
Champions
Pre–Bayernliga era
Bayernliga era
Bavarian champions in bold
Source: Siegerliste der Bayerischen Meisterschaften U15 (C)–Junioren , accessed: 3 February 2011
Winners & Finalists
As of 2019, this is the standings in the all–time winners list:
‡ Includes one title won by reserve team.
League placings since 2005–06
The placings in the northern and southern division since 2005–06:
North
South
References
Sources
Deutschlands Fußball in Zahlen, An annual publication with tables and results from the Bundesliga to Verbandsliga/Landesliga, publisher: DSFS
50 Jahre Bayrischer Fussball-Verband 50-year-anniversary book of the Bavarian FA, publisher: Vindelica Verlag, published: 1996
External links
Bayrischer Fussball Verband (Bavarian FA)
Bavarian League tables and results
Youth football in Germany
1975 establishments in West Germany
Bayernliga |
6899836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzushio-class%20submarine | Uzushio-class submarine | The Uzushio-class submarine (Whirlpools) was a series of submarines in service with Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force which was the first generation of the teardrop type submarine that valued the underwater performance against that of the conventional-hull type . Seven from 1967 fiscal year were built with the third defense plan. The eighth 49 fiscal year warship was discontinued and construction was discontinued because of the construction expense and sudden rise oil crisis though eight were planned at first. Many were converted to training submarines (ATSS) towards the end of their lives.
General characteristics
The Uzushio-class submarine adopted the teardrop hull type for the first time in the Maritime Self-Defense Force. When the was built, the adoption of the teardrop type had been examined. However, the Maritime Self-Defense Force at that time selected the conventional model that valued safety from the operation results. It was moving to the warship type that valued the underwater performance, and the examination that used the model in 1960 fiscal year was advanced, and necessary data was obtained also with TRDI in the age.
When designing, the location etc. are original though it refers to the of United States Navy of not a complete copy but the inner shell structure and sail plane and torpedo tube.
Boats
Submarine classes |
6899842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Clue%20in%20the%20Old%20Album | The Clue in the Old Album | The Clue in the Old Album is the twenty-fourth volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1947 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene.
Plot summary
Nancy witnesses a purse snatching and pursues the thief. She rescues the purse, but not its contents, then is asked by the owner, a doll collector, to do some detective work. "The source of light will heal all ills, but a curse will follow him who takes it from the gypsies." This is one of the clues Nancy is given to find an old album, a lost doll, and a missing gypsy violinist. The young sleuth never gives up her search, though Nancy faints after being injected with poison by a French-swordsman doll, is run off the road in her car by an enemy, and sent several warnings to give up the case.
References
External links
The Clue in the Old Album at Fantastic Fiction
Nancy Drew books
1947 American novels
1947 children's books
Grosset & Dunlap books
Children's mystery novels |
17325082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%20Pol%C3%A1%C5%A1ek | Filip Polášek | Filip Polášek (; born 21 July 1985) is a Slovak professional tennis player who specialises in doubles.
He was forced to retire in 2013 due to health issues, but returned in 2018 and began the most successful phase of his career. Polášek won his first Grand Slam title at the 2021 Australian Open alongside Ivan Dodig, and also won the 2019 Cincinnati Masters and 2021 Indian Wells Masters, with Dodig and John Peers respectively. Polášek was the first Slovak man to reach, or win, a major doubles final, and also reached the semifinals at the 2019 Wimbledon Championships, 2020 Australian Open and 2021 US Open. He reached his highest doubles ranking of world No. 7 in February 2020, and has won 17 titles on the ATP Tour, qualifying for the ATP Finals in both 2019 and 2021. Polášek has represented Slovakia in the Davis Cup since 2008, and also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics partnering Lukáš Klein.
Career
2008: First ATP titles
Polášek reached his first ATP final at the 2008 Valencia Open with partner Travis Parrott, they fell to Máximo González and Juan Mónaco in two tight sets 5–7, 5–7. Later that year at the Swiss Open Gsaad he won his first title with partner Jaroslav Levinský in three sets. In October Polášek won his second title of the year at the St. Petersburg Open with Travis Parrott.
2013: Retirement due to injury
In 2013 Polášek reached three ATP finals with partner Julian Knowle, winning the later two the Zagreb Indoors and the Grand Prix Hassan II.
In November 2013 Polášek retired from professional tennis at the age of 28 due to nerve issues and loose discs in his back.
2018: Return to tennis
Several years after retirement and allowing his body to heal through less strenuous activities such as coaching tennis and ski touring, Polášek hit with Mike Bryan and started playing some club matches again, and the pain of his previous injuries didn't seem to be reoccurring. He asked to take some time off from the coaching academy he taught at and started playing some futures and then challengers. By the end of September 2019 Polášek's doubles ranking had risen to within the top 200 for the first time in five years.
2019: First Masters 1000 title and Grand Slam semifinal
Polášek claimed his first ATP title in 6 years in Kizbühel, partnering with Philipp Oswald. At Wimbledon he reached his first Grand Slam semifinal partnering with Ivan Dodig in just their second tournament together. They then went on to capture their first Masters 1000 title as a team, and Polášek's first career masters title at the Western & Southern Open in Cincinnati defeating Juan Sebastian Cabal and Robert Farah in the final 4–6, 6–4, 10–6.
Polášek and Dodig then went on to take their second title as a team defeating defending champions Lukasz Kubot and Marcelo Melo to take the China Open title in Beijing.
2020: Second Grand Slam semifinal, World No. 7 in doubles
Dodig and Polášek began their 2020 season at the Adelaide International, where they reached the final, losing to Maximo Gonzalez and Fabrice Martin.
They then reached the semifinals of the 2020 Australian Open before being defeated by Max Purcell and Luke Saville. As a result he reached a new career-high doubles ranking of World No. 7 on 3 February 2020.
After this the ATP Tour was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On the tour's resumption in August at the Cincinnati Masters in New York and at the US Open they fell in the first round.
2021: Historic and first Grand Slam title at the Australian Open
Polášek and his partner Dodig reached the final of their first tournament in 2021 at the Antalya Open, where they lost to Nikola Mektic and Mate Pavic. After two weeks quarantine in Australia, they reached the semifinals of the Great Ocean Road Open, where they lost out to Jamie Murray and Bruno Soares. Continuing to partner with Dodig, Polášek won his first Grand Slam tournament at the Australian Open defeating Rajeev Ram and Joe Salisbury in the final. With the title he became the first Slovak male Grand Slam champion. As a result, he returned to the top 10 on 22 February 2021.
Significant finals
Grand Slam tournament finals
Doubles: 1 (1 title)
Masters 1000 finals
Doubles: 2 (2 titles)
ATP career finals
Doubles: 35 (17 titles, 18 runners-up)
Challenger and Futures finals
Singles: 3 (1–2)
Doubles: 54 (33–21)
Doubles performance timeline
Current through the 2022 Davis Cup.
References
External links
Slovak male tennis players
1985 births
Living people
People from Zvolen
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of Slovakia |
17325121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Woodbury%20Strong | Margaret Woodbury Strong | Margaret Woodbury Strong (1897 – July 16, 1969) was an American collector and philanthropist. Strong was an avid collector, especially of toys and her large collection formed the basis for the Strong National Museum of Play.
Margaret is the second and last child of John Charles Woodbury (1859 in Rochester, NY – 1937) and the former Alice Motley (the first sibling died at childbirth). Margaret travelled the world with her parents beginning around 1907 after her father retired and sold the business started by Margaret's grandfather, The Strong and Woodbury Whip Company. This is when she began her doll collection.
She married Homer Strong, over twenty years her senior, in September 1920; as a wedding gift, her parents gave her a large share of stock in the Kodak corporation.
Margaret and Homer had a daughter, who died in 1946; Homer died in 1958.
Her passion was collecting dolls, doll houses, and toys. She added gallery wings and outbuildings to her estate which she eventually termed a "Museum of Fascination." The grounds contained a town of dollhouses. In 1968 she received state approval for the establishment of a museum. At her death, her doll collection numbered 22,000 and was the cornerstone of a collection containing more than 300,000 items.
Her father left her nearly one million dollars when he died in 1937 and this fortune had grown in excess of $77 million by the time Margaret died in 1969. She is buried in the Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York. She was a major benefactor of the Episcopal Diocese of Rochester.
References
External links
Strong National Museum of Play Official Website
1897 births
1969 deaths
Burials at Mount Hope Cemetery (Rochester)
Collectors
People from Rochester, New York
20th-century philanthropists |
20462753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Powell | Daniel Powell | Daniel Vendrys Powell (born 12 March 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger or a striker for club Barnet.
Powell started his career with Milton Keynes Dons, and made his first-team debut aged 17 in 2008. He had loan spells with Crawley Town, Forest Green Rovers and Darlington. In both 2010–11 (during which he scored 10 goals) and 2011–12 (11 goals), he helped Milton Keynes Dons reach the play-offs. Powell was a member of the Milton Keynes Dons team that won promotion to the Championship in 2015. Released by Milton Keynes Dons in 2017, he joined Northampton Town before moving to Crewe Alexandra two years later.
Career
Milton Keynes Dons
Born in Luton, Bedfordshire, Powell joined Milton Keynes Dons academy and made his professional debut for the club in a 3–1 victory over Hartlepool United on 15 November 2008, coming on as a substitute in the 84th minute and scoring the team's final goal in the 90th minute.
Crawley Town (loan)
Powell joined Conference Premier club Crawley Town on loan on 3 August 2009, making three league appearances before returning to Milton Keynes Dons.
Forest Green (loan)
Powell was loaned out once more, this time to Conference Premier club Forest Green Rovers. He made his debut for the club on 17 October 2009 in a 5–2 defeat away to Histon. His first goal for the club was the third in a 3–1 win over Salisbury City on Boxing Day 2009. Powell became a regular with Forest Green and the club decided to extend his loan until the end of 2009–10 in January 2010. He completed the loan spell with 29 appearances and six goals.
Darlington (loan)
Having not made an appearance for Milton Keynes Dons at the beginning of the 2010–11 season, Powell joined Conference Premier club Darlington on a one-month loan on 1 October 2010. He made his debut for the club the next day in a 1–0 defeat at home to Wrexham. Three days later, Powell scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 defeat away to Rushden & Diamonds. He made a further three league appearances during his loan spell.
Return to Milton Keynes Dons
Powell returned to Milton Keynes Dons in November 2010 and began to break into the first team, becoming a regular in the starting lineup after the sales of Aaron Wilbraham to Norwich City and Jermaine Easter to Crystal Palace left the club with just two senior strikers. Powell went on to score nine goals in 29 league appearances for the club in the 2010–11 season. On 5 March 2013, Powell signed a two-year extension to his current Milton Keynes Dons deal, keeping him at the club until June 2015. Powell netted eight times in 42 league appearances in 2014–15, as Milton Keynes Dons were promoted to the Championship as League One runners-up.
On 18 July 2015, Powell signed another two-year extension tying him to the club through June 2017. Milton Keynes Dons were relegated back to League One after only one season, with Powell making 22 league appearances, scoring twice in 2015–16.
On 2 May 2017, Powell was one of three players released by Milton Keynes Dons when his contract expired at the end of 2016–17. Having graduated from the club's academy, Powell made 271 appearances and scored 46 goals for the club across nine seasons.
Northampton Town
On 5 May 2017, Powell signed a two-year contract with League One rivals Northampton Town, and would join the club on 1 July following the expiration of his Milton Keynes Dons contract.
Crewe Alexandra
Powell signed for League Two club Crewe Alexandra on 7 June 2019 on a two-year contract, with the option of a further year. He scored his first goal for Crewe in a 4–2 away win over Carlisle United on 12 October. He scored nine goals in 33 appearances in his first season at promotion-winning Crewe, but started just 12 League One games the following season. On 13 May 2021, Crewe announced that Powell was being released by the club.
Barnet
Following his release from Crewe, Powell joined National League side Barnet on a two-year deal.
Style of play
Powell has been described as being a forward thinking player who often runs at full-backs and is a strong asset down the flanks. His unpredictable nature is often an asset and at times a flaw in his character but remains an important player when on the field.
Career statistics
Honours
Milton Keynes Dons
Football League One runner-up: 2014–15
Individual
Milton Keynes Dons Young Player of the Year: 2010–11
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Luton
English footballers
Association football forwards
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players |
20462777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershock%202005 | Aftershock 2005 | Aftershock 2005 is the fourth album by the funk band Mutiny. The album was initially released in 1996 by the Polystar label in Japan, and then by Rykodisc Records in the U.S. and UK. The album possesses a more rock-oriented feel than previous Mutiny albums. The album features guest appearances from former P-Funk bandmates Bernie Worrell and Michael Hampton. "Aftershock 2005" was one of the last albums released through producer Bill Laswell's Black Arc series.
Track listing and personnel
The Growl (5:10)
Bass – Linn Washington
Drums-Jerome Brailey
Guitars-Kevan Wilkins, Skitch Lovette, Chris Beasley
Turntables and Sounds-DXT
Keyboards-Juan Nelson
It's All Good (5:20)
Guitar solo- Nicky Skopelitis
Drums-Jerome Brailey
Bass-Jeff Cherokee Bunn
Guitars-Kevan Wilkins, Skitch Lovette, Chris Beasley
Vocals-Fashe Forde
Background vocals-Fashe Forde, Kevan Wilkins
No Choice(4:25)
Guitar – Michael Hampton
Keyboards – Bernie Worrelll
Programmed By – D-Tech, Jerome Brailey
Vocals – Clarence Allen, Derrick Ross, John Burnett
Turntables-DXT
Instruments-J Romeo and D-Tech
Passion (5:12)
Vocals-Fashe Forde
Guitar – Michael Hampton, Chris Beasley, Kevan Wilkins
Keyboards – Bernie Worrell, Juan Nelson
Drums-Jerome Brailey
Bass-Jeff Cherokee Bunn
Background vocals-Fashe Forde
Tickin' Like A Time Bomb (4:47)
Programmed By – D-Tech, Jerome Brailey
Vocals – Derrick Ross, Sean Sally
Instruments-J Romeo, D-Tech
Rock The Boat (2:51)
Bass – Allen Flowers "Quick"
Guitar – Jim Prideaux, Wilbur Harris
Sampler – B.C. Seville, Jerome Brailey
Vocals – Brian Champion
Drums-Jerome Brailey
2005 (5:51)
Vocals-Fashe Forde
Drums-Jerome Brailey
Guitars-Chris Beasley, Kevan Wilkins
Bass-Jeff Cherokee Bunn
Turntables-DXT
Desires (5:23)-inspired by Eddie Hazel
Backing Vocals – Jerome Brailey
Bass – Allen Flowers "Quick"
Guitar – Jim Prideaux, Wilbur Harris
Keyboards – Craig Day
Vocals – Wilbur Harris
Moments (2:52)
Keyboards – Craig Day
Vocals-Fashe Forde
The Growl (Revamp) (1:56)
Mutiny (funk band) albums
1996 albums
Albums produced by Bill Laswell
Rykodisc albums |
17325123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin%20Colt | Alvin Colt | Alvin Colt (July 5, 1916 – May 4, 2008) was an American costume designer. Colt worked on over 50 Broadway shows.
His first job was in a theatrical fabric house, he also worked on painting scenery during the summer. On the Town was the first Broadway show he worked on in 1944. His major Broadway credits include Guys and Dolls, Top Banana, Fanny, Finian's Rainbow, Six Characters in Search of an Author, Destry Rides Again, Wildcat, Here's Love, The Crucible, The Goodbye People, Sugar, Lorelei, Jerome Robbins' Broadway and Waiting in the Wings for producer Alexander H. Cohen, with whom he had a long working relationship. Alvin won a Tony Award in 1955 for Pipe Dream. He did the costumes for the 1957 show, Rumple. The last official show he worked on was in 2001 for If you ever leave me...I'm going with you!
Colt also designed for TV and film. Among his screen credits are costume designs for the films Top Banana, Stiletto and Li'l Abner and for the TV productions of The Enchanted Nutcracker, Kiss Me Kate, The Adams Chronicles, CBS: On the Air, Happy 100th Birthday, Hollywood and many years of the Tony Awards. Alvin also designed the children's musical Treehouse Trolls Birthday Day for Goodtimes Entertainment.
He was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 2002.
In 2007 the Museum of the City of New York offered the exhibition "Costumes and Characters: The Designs of Alvin Colt," and the museum is now the home of many of his costume sketches.
Colt died of natural causes on May 4, 2008, in New York City.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Alvin Colt designs, 1935-1990, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
1916 births
2008 deaths
American costume designers
Tony Award winners |
20462784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenzo%20%28brand%29 | Kenzo (brand) | Kenzo (stylized as KENZO PARIS) is a French luxury fashion house founded in 1970 by Japanese designer Kenzo Takada and owned by parent company LVMH.
History
Kenzo Takada, 1970–1998
Kenzo Takada was born in Japan and moved to Paris in 1964 to start his fashion career. He then became known for using Asian and Japanese influenced style with the construction of European fashion. He started with a 'Jungle Jap' boutique located at Galerie Vivienne and decorated in jungle inspired interior. He began with handmade women's clothing; reportedly, he made his first collection with $200 worth of fabrics bought at a large discount house in Montmartre. The brand became Kenzo after a fashion show in New York in 1976, as the American market considered 'Jungle Jap' too pejorative.
In 1983, Kenzo started designing men and then kids and home collections in 1987, followed by fragrances in 1988.
In 1993, luxury-products maker LVMH acquired Kenzo from SEBP and Financière Truffaut for about $80 million. From 1995, Kenzo also produced Kenzo Studio, a line was produced through a licensing agreement with the Bonaventure Group. While Kenzo developed the line's fashion direction, Studio was sold only in the U.S. and Kenzo retail stores in China.
Later years
From 1999 until 2003, Gilles Rosier and Roy Krejberg designed the women's and men's lines, respectively.
From 2006 until 2008, over 100 of Kenzo's stores worldwide were refurbished.
From 2008 until 2011, Antonio Marras served as Kenzo's creative director, overseeing the brand in its entirety. By 2011, Kenzo barely broke even, with annual sales estimated at 150 million euros ($197.4 million).
By 2017, Kenzo built the accessories and shoe business to almost 30 percent of revenues. In 2019, Kenzo ended its distribution agreement with I.T to take back control of its 35 stores in China via a joint venture with the same partner. Under the creative direction of Felipe Oliveira Baptista, Kenzo launched a line of men's and women's sportswear, titled Kenzo Sport. In April 2021, Kenzo said it would part ways with Oliveira Baptista by the end of his term in June.
In September 2021, Kenzo appointed Nigo as their new artistic director.
Locations
Kenzo has expanded rapidly in the time since its first American store has opened, as of June 2021 it now operates 6 locations in the US:
Wynn Las Vegas-3131 Las Vegas Blvd
New York City The Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards-20 Hudson Yards
SoHo, Manhattan-107 Grand Street
Beverly Center-8500 Beverly Blvd
Cabazon-48400 Seminole Dr
Woodbury Commons (New York)
In June 2020, Kenzo unveiled its first American flagship store in SoHo, Manhattan.
Additionally it has nearly 145 stores worldwide primarily concentrated in South East Asia, Japan and Europe
Role in popular culture
The character Kenzo Harper in the BBC sitcom My Family is named after the fashion brand.
In 2012, designers Humberto Leon and Carol Lim unveiled a knitted sweater with a tiger graphic on it for Kenzo's Fall 2012 collection. Leon wanted to make a sweatshirt version of the sweater for him to wear. Despite initial resistance from Kenzo's design team, the tiger sweatshirts became extremely popular, with the initial run of sweatshirts selling out within hours at Kenzo's Paris location. Since 2011, the tiger shirt and clothing designed by Leon and Lim has been worn by celebrities and fashion bloggers including Jay Z, Kevin Hart, Beyoncé, Zooey Deschanel, Swizz Beatz, Selena Gomez, Spike Jonze, Joan Smalls, Lorde, NorthernSound and Rihanna.
For the Fall 2014 collection, Kenzo collaborated with filmmaker David Lynch, who mixed the soundtrack for the show and provided a large sculpture.
For the Fall and Winter 2016 collection, Kenzo produced the campaign film The Realest Real starring Laura Harrier, Mahershala Ali, Natasha Lyonne, and Rowan Blanchard, and directed by Carrie Brownstein. Also in 2016, Sean Baker (The Florida Project, Red Rocket) directed a short film starring model Abbey Lee called Snowbird for Kenzo SS16.
Collaborations
In 2016, Kenzo announced its collaboration with H&M. Kenzo X H&M collection was released on November 3, 2016. The fashion house also collaborates with Inglot Cosmetics company, which manufactures make-up products. On March 21, 2018, Kenzo revealed Britney Spears as the face of its new 'La Collection Memento No. 2' campaign. The collaboration, marketed as #KenzoLovesBritney, features a variety of ready-to-wear nostalgic denim pieces for men and women.
See more
Report
Loïc Prigent, THE KENZO RENAISSANCE! With NIGO! by Loïc Prigent, Youtube 9 avril 2022
Designers
Kenzo Takada, 1970–2020
Gilles Rosier, 2000–2004
Antonio Marras, 2004–2011
Humberto Leon and Carol Lim, 2012–2019
Felipe Oliveira Baptista, 2019–2021
Nigo, 2021–present
References
External links
Official site
Clothing brands of France
Clothing companies of France
Haute couture
High fashion brands
Fashion accessory brands
Perfume houses
Clothing companies established in 1970
Design companies established in 1970
1970 establishments in France
Luxury brands
LVMH brands |
20462787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Krajn%C3%BD | Boris Krajný | Boris Krajný (born 1945) is a Czech pianist, best known for his work on Czech and French pianism. He was awarded the Académie Charles Cros's 1982 Grand Prix du Disque for his recording of Albert Roussel, Arthur Honegger and Francis Poulenc piano concertos. He has also recorded Sergei Prokofiev and Béla Bartók's 3rd piano concertos together with Jiří Bělohlávek's Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and Maurice Ravel's complete piano works for Supraphon. Krajný obtained an honourable mention at the 1975 Queen Elisabeth Music Competition. He teaches at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague.
Selected performance venues - Carnegie Hall, Teatro Colón, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Moscow Conservatory's Tchaikovsky Hall, Sydney Opera House, Wigmore Hall.
References
Living people
Czech pianists
21st-century classical pianists
1945 births |
20462813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrochitsa | Vrochitsa | Vrochitsa () is a settlement in the municipal unit of Iardanos, Greece. It is situated in a valley surrounded by low hills, at 80 m elevation. It is 2 km southwest of Elaionas, 2 km east of Fonaitika, 4 km east of Vounargo and 7 km north of Pyrgos. Its population is 359 people (2011 census). There is an elementary school, a church and a square.
Population
See also
List of settlements in Elis
External links
Vrochitsa at the GTP Travel Pages
References
Iardanos
Populated places in Elis |
20462824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin%20Pal%C3%A9obotanique | Jardin Paléobotanique | The Jardin Paléobotanique is a botanical garden located in Les Millières, Soulce-Cernay, Doubs, Franche-Comté, France. The garden contains about 500 types of plants, including rare species and prehistoric trees such as Ginkgo biloba. It is open Sundays and holidays in the warmer months; an admission fee is charged.
See also
List of botanical gardens in France
References
Le Pays de Lomont: Soulce-Cernay
FRACAS 2006, page 28
France Tourisme Informations description (French)
Tout de France entry (Dutch)
France, le trésor des régions (French)
Gardens in Doubs
Botanical gardens in France |
17325132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse%2013 | Warehouse 13 | Warehouse 13 is an American science fiction television series that originally ran from July 7, 2009, to May 19, 2014, on the Syfy network, and was executive produced by Jack Kenny and David Simkins for Universal Cable Productions. Described as "part The X-Files, part Raiders of the Lost Ark and part Moonlighting", the show's blend of science fiction, comedy and drama is said to have borrowed much from the American-Canadian horror television series Friday the 13th: The Series (1987–1990). The program follows a team of field agents who retrieve artifacts that have become charged with energy that can give them dangerous powers if misused. Once retrieved and neutralized, the objects are stored in Warehouse 13, the latest in a line of storehouses with infinite capacity that have served this purpose for millennia.
Plot
The series follows U.S. Secret Service Agents Myka Bering (Joanne Kelly) and Pete Lattimer (Eddie McClintock) when they are assigned to the secretive Warehouse 13 for supernatural artifacts. It is located in a barren landscape in South Dakota, and they initially regard the assignment as punishment. As they go about their assignments to retrieve missing artifacts and investigate reports of new ones, they come to understand the importance of what they are doing. In episode 4 of the first season, they meet Claudia Donovan (Allison Scagliotti), who is searching for her missing brother; in season 2, she joins the team as their technology expert. In episode 1 of season 3, Steve Jinks (Aaron Ashmore), an Agent from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives comes aboard.
Fictional history
The series posits that there have been a dozen incarnations of the warehouse before the present-day 13th in South Dakota. Warehouse 1 was built between 336 and 323 BC on the orders of Alexander the Great as a place to keep artifacts obtained by war. After Alexander died, the warehouse was moved to Egypt, establishing the practice of locating the warehouse in the most powerful empire of the day, under the reasoning that it will be best defended there. Egypt's Ptolemaic rulers appointed a group of people, known as the Regents, to oversee the warehouse and act as its first "agents" and collectors of artifacts. Warehouse 2 lasted until the Roman conquest of Egypt. Other warehouses throughout history include: Warehouse 3 in Western Roman Empire (Italy), Warehouse 4 in Hunnic Empire until the death of Attila the Hun, Warehouse 5 in Byzantine Empire, Warehouse 6 in Cambodia under the Khmer Empire, Warehouse 7 in the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan, Warehouse 8 in Germany during the Holy Roman Empire (1260–1517), Warehouse 9 in the Ottoman capital of Constantinople until the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, Warehouse 10 in Mughal Empire (India), Warehouse 11 in the Russian Empire under the Romanov Dynasty (the 1812 Napoleonic War with Russia was an attempt to seize control of Warehouse 11), and Warehouse 12 in the United Kingdom from 1830 until 1914. It was during the time of Warehouse 11 that the Regents began to employ agents to gather and protect artifacts. This practice continued under Warehouse 12, with British agents traveling further and further searching for artifacts to add to the collection.
The next move brought the warehouse to South Dakota in the United States. Unlike previous warehouses, which were placed in the centers of their empires, Warehouse 13 was located in a remote area of South Dakota to hide it. The first Warehouse 13 was built in 1898, but the structure burned down because of an insufficient understanding of how to safely store artifacts. The move to the rebuilt and current Warehouse 13 occurred in 1914 at the onset of World War I. The warehouse was designed by Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, and M. C. Escher, while the warehouse's expansion joints were created by Albert Einstein.
Artifacts and gadgets
Originally, artifacts are items connected to some historical or mythological figure or event. Each artifact has been imbued with something from its creator, user, or a major event in history. Some are well known: Studio 54's Disco ball; Lewis Carroll's looking glass, which contains an evil entity called "Alice" that can possess other people's bodies (Myka in Season 1 episode "Duped"), leaving their minds trapped in the mirror; and Edgar Allan Poe's pen and a volume of his writing, which can make whatever the user writes a reality. Some are not: Lizzie Borden had a mirrored compact that today compels users to kill their loved ones with an axe; Marilyn Monroe owned a brush that now turns its user's hair platinum blonde, which Myka once used on herself while under the influence of W. C. Fields' juggling balls that induce drunkenness and blackouts. Others may have humorous effects, such as Ivan Pavlov's bell, which will call any dog to you but causes excessive drooling for 24 hours, and a magic kettle that grants wishes but produces a ferret if the wish is impossible. The artifacts react with electricity and can be neutralized by immersion in a mysterious purple goo or placed inside a neutralizing reflective bag, both produced by Global Dynamics, a research laboratory from Warehouse 13s sister show, Eureka. Artie has also mentioned that ingesting neutralizer will make you "see things". During episode 43 (season 4), Mrs. Frederic shows Claudia an artifact being created—a silver bracelet worn by an ordinary person who exhibits extraordinary courage.
Cast and characters
Warehouse agents are provided by the host country of the warehouse, in this case from various government agencies (such as the Secret Service, FBI, ATF, CDC, and DEA, etc.). Agents of Warehouse 13 in particular were chosen either for their above-average intelligence (Artie is an expert NSA codebreaker, Myka has an eidetic memory and a wealth of encyclopedic knowledge, Claudia and H.G. Wells are both expert inventors) or because they possess a kind of extranormal ability (Pete and Mrs. Frederic both receive "vibes" regarding situations; Leena can read people's auras; and Jinks has the ability to tell when a person is lying).
Main
Eddie McClintock as Pete Lattimer is a "rule-bender" Secret Service Agent, now assigned to Warehouse 13. He has been able to pick up "vibes", both good and bad, since he was a child. The series frequently makes references to his being a recovering alcoholic who already had been sober for more than eight years when the series started. He is also fond of cookies.
Joanne Kelly as Myka Bering, once a rising star in the Secret Service, is a by-the-book agent. She has a scrupulous eye for detail and possesses an eidetic memory. She also has extensive knowledge of books, having grown up in a book store. Reference to a former partner that ended in tragedy is frequently made, such as in the season one episode "Regrets".
Saul Rubinek as Artie Nielsen is the Special Agent in Charge at Warehouse 13. A former cryptographer and codebreaker for the NSA, he has spent over 30 years at the Warehouse and is very knowledgeable about artifacts, both in the Warehouse and out in the world. He becomes a surrogate father to Claudia.
Genelle Williams as Leena (seasons 1–4; guest season 5), the proprietor of the bed and breakfast in nearby Univille, where the team lives. She can read a person's aura.
Simon Reynolds as Daniel Dickinson (season 1; guest season 2), Pete and Myka's former boss in Washington, D.C.
Allison Scagliotti as Claudia Donovan (seasons 2–5; recurring season 1) is described as a "young, hip, brilliant techno-wiz" who earns a job at Warehouse 13 after discovering too many of its secrets. She can hack into almost any computer network and occasionally modifies artifacts to suit her needs. (This does not always end well.)
Aaron Ashmore as Steve Jinks (seasons 4–5; recurring season 3) was an ATF agent before being recruited to Warehouse 13 for his ability to tell when people are lying. In "Emily Lake", he is killed by Marcus Diamond (Sasha Roiz) on orders of Walter Sykes (Anthony Michael Hall). In season 4, he is resurrected by Claudia using the metronome. Ashmore was promoted to series regular beginning with the episode "Personal Effects".
Recurring
CCH Pounder as Irene Frederic
Roger Rees as James MacPherson (seasons 1–4)
Mark A. Sheppard as Benedict Valda (season 2; guest seasons 1 & 5)
René Auberjonois as Hugo Miller (season 2–5)
Jaime Murray as Helena G. Wells (seasons 2–5)
Paula Garcés as Kelly Hernandez (season 2; guest season 5)
Nolan Gerard Funk as Todd (season 2)
Faran Tahir as Adwin Kosan (seasons 3–4; guest season 2)
Kate Mulgrew as Jane Lattimer (seasons 3–4)
Ashley Williams as Sally Stukowski (season 3)
Sasha Roiz as Marcus Diamond (seasons 3–4)
Brent Spiner as Brother Adrian (seasons 3–4)
Lindsay Wagner as Dr. Vanessa Calder (seasons 4–5; guest seasons 2–3)
Kelly Hu as Abigail Cho (seasons 4–5)
Josh Blaylock as Nick Powell (season 4)
Chryssie Whitehead as Claire Donovan (season 5)
Erick Avari as Caturanga (guest seasons 3 & 5)
Anthony Michael Hall as Walter Sykes (season 3)
Jeri Ryan as Amanda Lattimer (guest seasons 3–4)
Production
The network, then named SciFi, originally ordered a two-hour pilot episode written by Farscape creator Rockne S. O'Bannon, Battlestar Galactica co-Executive Producer Jane Espenson, and D. Brent Mote. Jace Alexander eventually directed a revised version written by Espenson, Mote, and Blade: The Series executive producer David Simkins. SciFi ordered an additional nine episodes on September 19, 2008. The series premiered in the U.S. on July 7, 2009 concurrent with the name-change to Syfy. Executive Producer Jack Kenny, Creator "Book of Daniel","Titus", took over showrunning duties beginning with Episode 2, and continued to run the series for its duration of 63 episodes. The series was filmed in and around Toronto, Ontario.
Crossovers
Character crossovers
Warehouse 13 was part of Syfy's developing shared fictional universe, with several characters crossing over between series:
Global Dynamics researcher Douglas Fargo (played by Neil Grayston) from Eureka traveled to South Dakota to update Warehouse 13's computer system in the Warehouse 13 episode "13.1" (S2E5). Warehouse 13 computer wizard Claudia Donovan (played by Allison Scagliotti) subsequently traveled to the town of Eureka, Oregon to check out the technological marvels at Global Dynamics in the Eureka episode "Crossing Over" (its S4E5). Fargo again appeared in the Warehouse 13 episode "Don't Hate the Player" (S3E6) when Claudia, Lattimer, and Bering traveled to Palo Alto, California, to find Douglas beta testing a virtual reality simulator with the aid of a dangerous artifact.
Dr. Vanessa Calder (played by Lindsay Wagner), who appeared in the Warehouse 13 episodes "For the Team" (S2E7), "Buried" (S2E11), "Love Sick" (S3E3) and "Endless Terror" (S5E1) as a physician and love interest of Artie, traveled to Fenton, Pennsylvania, to investigate a series of deaths in which the victims suffered massive organ failures in the Alphas episode "Never Let Me Go" (its S1E5).
Hugo Miller spent some time in the town of Eureka, departing with Douglas Fargo at the end of episode "13.1"; he returns in "Love Sick", commenting that, "every week [there] something seems to go 'boom'!" His presence there is off screen.
Actor crossovers
Warehouse 13 did import characters from other TV series, but would often cast pairs of actors who had worked together on other series as single-episode characters.
Erica Cerra and Niall Matter who work together on Eureka played a couple with an artifact in "Duped" (S1E8).
Joe Morton who also works on Eureka played an inmate in "Regrets" (S1E9).
Sean Maher and Jewel Staite who worked together on Firefly played an almost-couple in "Mild Mannered" (S2E2).
Paula Garcés and Laura Harris who worked together on Defying Gravity were both cast members in "Merge with Caution" (S2E8).
Before this, Garcés first appeared in "Beyond Our Control" (S2E3).
Sasha Roiz and Alessandra Torresani who were cast members in Caprica were both cast members in "Shadows" (S3E9).
Before this, Roiz first appeared in "Love Sick" (S3E3).
Kirsten Nelson and Timothy Omundson who worked together on Psych were both cast in "No Pain, No Gain" (S4E5).
Missy Pyle and Enrico Colantoni who were cast members in Galaxy Quest were together in "The Big Snag" (S4E13).
Josh Blaylock and Cynthia Watros who worked together on Video Game High School were featured separately in "What Matters Most" (S4E17).
James Marsters and Anthony Stewart Head who were both in Buffy the Vampire Slayer were also together in "All the Time in the World" (S4E19) and "The Truth Hurts" (S4E20).
Ryan Cartwright and Erin Way who worked together on Alphas were cast together in the third episode of the final season: "A Faire to Remember" (S5E3).
Reception
The series premiere was Syfy's third largest debut to date, garnering 3.5 million viewers. The first six episodes were all among the top ten highest rated series episodes on Syfy. Episode 6, "Burnout", drew 4.4 million viewers, setting the record for Syfy's highest rated show. Season 2 began July 6, 2010. It was renewed October 5, 2010, for a third season of 13 episodes, which began July 11, 2011. It was renewed for a fourth season August 11, 2011, which began July 23, 2012. On May 16, 2013, Syfy renewed the series for a six-episode fifth and final season, which aired its series finale on May 19, 2014.
Warehouse 13 series premiere was the most-watched cable show on American television that night. With 3.5 million viewers, it was also Syfy's third best premiere ever, behind Stargate Atlantis (2004) and Eureka (2006).
Joanne Ostrow of The Denver Post described it as "X-Files light, with the bickering Scully and Mulder stand-ins going off on Indiana Jones-style adventures." IGN reviewer Ramsey Isler gave the pilot a positive review, but felt that it was not enough to give Syfy "a chance to once again boast the best sci-fi show on TV."
Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly gave it a negative review in July 2009, describing it as an "unholy cross between The X-Files, Bones, and Raiders of the Lost Ark." In July 2010, Tucker amended his opinion, stating that "Warehouse improved as it went along" and "grew more riveting"; he subsequently gave the show a rating of "B".
In 2010, the series' composer, Edward Rogers, was nominated for an Emmy Award for Best Original Main Title Theme Music.
Warehouse 13 has received seven 2012 Portal Award nominations, including best television series, best actor (Eddie McClintock), best actress (Joanne Kelly), best supporting actor (Saul Rubinek), best supporting actress (Allison Scagliotti), best special guest (Jaime Murray as Helena G. Wells), and best episode ("Emily Lake"). It was Eddie McClintock's third straight nomination and the second nomination for Saul Rubinek and Allison Scagliotti.
As of September 2020, Warehouse 13 scored 82 percent among all critics (60 percent among top critics) and 87 percent with audience members on Rotten Tomatoes.
Episodes
Home media
DVD release
Streaming
All five seasons of Warehouse 13 are now available on Peacock. Individual episodes can be purchased at the Google Play Store, Apple TV+, Vudu, iTunes, Amazon Prime Video, Fandango Now.
In other media
Comics
The first part of a five-part comic series was released in August 2011 by Dynamite Entertainment with part five released in December 2011. A trade paperback was released in May 2012 containing all five parts.
Novels
Games
In August 2016, Infinite Dreams Gaming and Conquest Gaming announced Warehouse 13: The Board Game coming to Kickstarter. It is a semi-cooperative game for 3-5 players taking the role of Warehouse Agents with one player working secretly against the Warehouse. Agents must work together trying to retrieve artifacts while uncovering the identity of the traitor.
See also
The Librarian
SCP Foundation
References
External links
(Dead Link)
2000s American science fiction television series
2009 American television series debuts
2010s American science fiction television series
2014 American television series endings
American adventure television series
English-language television shows
Fictional government investigations of the paranormal
Syfy original programming
Television shows filmed in Toronto
Television series by Universal Content Productions
Serial drama television series
Television shows set in South Dakota
Treasure hunt television series |
20462826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Verdi | Roger Verdi | Roger Verdi (born Rajinder Singh Virdee on 4 February 1953) is an English retired professional footballer who spent his entire career in North America, making over 100 league appearances in the North American Soccer League.
Early life
Verdi was born on 4 February 1953, as Rajinder Singh Virdee in Nairobi, Kenya, to Indian Sikh parents. He was the youngest of their two sons. The family moved to England when Verdi was aged seven, settling in Smethwick. He attended Sandwell Boys school.
Verdi changed his name due to racism. He went by 'Roger Jones' and 'Roger Jones Verdi' before settling on 'Roger Verdi'.
Career
England
Verdi played with the youth teams of both Wolverhampton Wanderers and Ipswich Town, but failing to get a professional contract with either team, moved to North America.
North America
Verdi began his career in Canada with the Vancouver Spartans.
Verdi played in the NASL between 1972 and 1978 for the Montreal Olympique, Miami Toros, St. Louis Stars and San Jose Earthquakes, making a total of 103 league appearances. He later played in the ASL for the Cleveland Cobras, Columbus Magic, and the Phoenix Fire, and in the MISL for Phoenix Inferno.
Coaching career
After his playing career ended he moved into coaching, holding assistant coaching positions with Athlone Town FC, Stockport County, Phoenix Inferno and Cleveland Cobras. Other coaching positions include Co-director for Hubert Vogelsinger Soccer Academy in Texas, Connecticut and California and has been the Technical Director for youth clubs in Washington, New Mexico. He joined DFW Tornados as a coach in 2010.
He is also the owner of the Roger Verdi International Soccer Academy.
Later life
Verdi retired to Dallas, Texas, working in construction.
References
1953 births
Living people
Footballers from Nairobi
English people of Punjabi descent
British sportspeople of Indian descent
British Asian footballers
English footballers
English expatriate footballers
Kenyan people of Indian descent
Kenyan emigrants to the United Kingdom
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Montreal Olympique players
Miami Toros players
St. Louis Stars (soccer) players
San Jose Earthquakes (1974–1988) players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Expatriate soccer players in Canada
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Association football defenders
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
English expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Cleveland Cobras players
Columbus Magic players
Phoenix Inferno players
American Soccer League (1933–1983) players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Phoenix Fire (soccer) players |
20462827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Big%20Mouth%20Records | Great Big Mouth Records | Great Big Mouth Records is a record label based in Des Moines, Iowa, which was founded by Slipknot and Stone Sour frontman Corey Taylor and Denny Harvey. The label was conceived to help bring attention to Midwestern bands, Taylor explains; "basically we're just trying to unify the scene and really bring more attention to the Midwest than there is right now.".
History
The label was launched in Des Moines, Iowa in 2006. Great Big Mouth Records was initially conceived while Corey Taylor was producing local band Facecage's album Facecage III and was the result of the lack of major-label interest in Midwestern bands. Taylor explains; "If I've learned anything, it's that the industry has to be led by the fucking hand to what kind of music people want. And that's what we’re trying to do." The label was described as "grass-roots yet high-tech" by Denny Harvey (Facecage's manager and label co-founder), he also went on to explain that; "eventually, we hope to make a big enough dent to secure major distribution. Until then, we will focus on Internet sales and independent promotion." Facecage are the only band on the label's roster and Taylor says he currently has no plans to add to it. In 2008 Taylor began working with Facecage on a second album, which was due for release in 2010.
Artists
Facecage
Slipknot
Discography
Facecage – Facecage III (2006)
References
External links
Official Myspace
Record labels established in 2006
American independent record labels
Slipknot (band) |
6899844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".
Toponymy
The name "Dundee" is of uncertain etymology. It incorporates the place-name element dùn, fort, present in both Gaelic and in Brythonic languages such as Pictish. The remainder of the name is less obvious. One possibility is that it comes from the Gaelic 'Dèagh', meaning 'fire'. Another is that it derives from 'Tay', and it is in this form, 'Duntay' that the town is seen in Timothy Pont's map (c.1583–1596). Another suggestion is that it is a personal name, referring to an otherwise unknown local ruler named 'Daigh' or 'Deaghach'.
Folk etymology, repeated by Hector Boece in 1527, claims that the town's name was originally Allectum, and it was renamed Dei Donum 'Gift from God', following David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon's arrival there on his return from the Holy Land. The city was referred to by some Gaelic speakers, particularly in Highland Perthshire and Braemar as An Athaileag.
Early history
Dundee and its surrounding area have been continuously occupied since the Mesolithic. A kitchen midden of that date was unearthed during work on the harbour in 1879, and yielded flints, charcoal and a stone axe.
A Neolithic cursus, with associated barrows has been identified at the north-western end of the city and nearby lies the Balgarthno Stone Circle. A lack of stratigraphy around the stone circle has left it difficult to determine a precise age, but it is thought to date from around the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. The circle has been subject to vandalism in the past and has recently been fenced off to protect it. Bronze Age finds are fairly abundant in Dundee and the surrounding area, particularly in the form of short cist burials.
From the Iron Age, perhaps the most prominent remains are of the Law Hill Fort, although domestic remains are also well represented. Near to Dundee can be found the well-characterised souterrains at Carlungie and Ardestie, which date from around the 2nd century AD. Several brochs are also found in the area, including the ruins at Laws Hill near Monifieth, at Craighill and at Hurly Hawkin, near Liff, Angus.
Early Middle Ages
The early medieval history of the town relies heavily on tradition. In Pictish times, the part of Dundee that was later expanded into the Burghal town in the twelfth/13th centuries was a minor settlement in the kingdom of Circinn, later known as Angus. An area roughly equivalent to the current urban area of Dundee is likely to have formed a demesne, centred on Dundee castle.
Hector Boece records the ancient name of the settlement as Alectum in his 1527 work Historia Gentis Scotorum (History of the Scottish People). While there is evidence this name was being used to refer to the town in the 18th century, its early attribution should be treated with caution as Boece's reliability as a source is questionable.
The Chronicle of Huntingdon (c1290) records a battle on 20 July 834 AD between the Scots, led by Alpin (father of Kenneth MacAlpin), and the Picts, which supposedly took place at the former village of Pitalpin (NO 370 329). The battle was allegedly a decisive victory for the Picts, and Alpin is said to have been executed by beheading. This account, while perhaps appealing, should be treated with caution as the battle's historical authenticity is in doubt.
High Middle Ages
Tradition names Dundee as the location of a court palace of the House of Dunkeld. However, no physical trace of such a residence remains, and such notions are likely to have been due to a misinterpretation of the ancient name of Edinburgh, Dunedin.
Dundee history as a major town dates to the charter in which King William granted the earldom of Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon) in 1179–1182. Earl David is thought to have built Dundee Castle, which formerly occupied the site now occupied by St Pauls Cathedral.
Dundee's position on the Tay, with its natural harbour between St Nicholas Craig and Stannergate (now obscured by development) made it an ideal location for a trading port, which led to a period of major growth in the town as Earl David promoted the town as a burgh.
On David's death in 1219, the burgh passed first to his son, John. John died without issue in 1237 and the burgh was divided evenly between his three sisters, with the castle becoming the property of the eldest, Margaret and, subsequently, to her youngest daughter, Dervorguilla. Dervorguilla's portion of the burgh later passed to her eldest surviving son, John Balliol, and the town became a Royal Burgh on the coronation of John as king in 1292.
Dundee experienced periods of occupation and destruction in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Following John Balliol's renunciation (1295) of Edward I's claimed authority over Scotland, the English King twice visited Scotland with hostile intent. Edward (the 'Hammer of the Scots') revoked Dundee's royal charter, removing the town's people the right to control local government and the judiciary. He occupied the Castle at Dundee at the outbreak of the First War of Independence in 1296 but the castle retaken by siege by the forces of William Wallace in 1297, immediately prior to the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
From 1303 to 1312 the city was again occupied. Edward's removal resulted in the complete destruction of the Castle by Robert the Bruce, who had been proclaimed King of Scots at nearby Scone in 1306. In 1327, the Bruce granted the royal burgh a new charter. Later in the 14th century, during the conflict between England and France known as the Hundred Years' War, the French invoked the Auld Alliance, drawing Scotland into the hostilities. Richard II subsequently marched northward and razed Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee.
Early Modern Era
Dundee became a walled city in 1545 during a period of English hostilities known as the rough wooing (Henry VIII's attempt to extend his Protestant ambitions north by marrying his youngest son Edward, Duke of Cornwall to Mary, Queen of Scots). The Wishart Arch was believed to be the only remaining part of the wall though a piece behind St Paul's Cathedral may have survived, though this remains unconfirmed pursuant to further investigation. Mary maintained the alliance with the French, who captured Protestant opponents, including John Knox, at St Andrews Castle, in nearby east Fife in July 1547. That year, following victory at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the English occupied Edinburgh and went on to destroy much of Dundee by naval bombardment. The Howff Burial Ground, granted to the people of Dundee in 1546, was a gift from Mary. In July 1547, much of the city was destroyed by an English naval bombardment.
During a period of relative peace between Scotland and England, the status of Dundee as a royal burgh was reconfirmed (in The Great Charter of Charles I, dated 14 September 1641). In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose. In 1648 Dundee was badly hit by the plague.
On 1 September 1651, during the Third English Civil War, the city was attacked by Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian forces, led by George Monk. Much of the city was destroyed and an estimated 2000 inhabitants were killed or taken prisoner. (See Siege of Dundee.) Up to 200 Dundee ships were sunk and/or confiscated. In the aftermath, a large contingent of English soldiers remained in the town and married local women, causing a permanent impact on the composition of the population.
Dundee was later the site of an early Jacobite uprising when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on Dundee Law in 1689. This show of support of James VII (James II of England) following his overthrow, earned the Viscount the nickname Bonnie Dundee.
Troubles and financial collapses in the 1760s caused the background of the Tayside Meal Mobs on 1772 and 1773 which began in Dundee in the summer of 1772.
Modern era
Dundee greatly expanded in size during the Industrial Revolution mainly because of the burgeoning British Empire trade, flax and then latterly the jute industry. By the end of the 19th century, a majority of the city's workers were employed in its many jute mills and in related industries. Dundee's location on a major estuary allowed for the easy importation of jute from the Indian subcontinent as well as whale oil—needed for the processing of the jute—from the city's large whaling industry. A substantial coastal marine trade also developed, with inshore shipping working between the city of Dundee and the port of London. The industry began to decline in the 20th century as it became cheaper to process the cloth on the Indian subcontinent. The city's last jute mill closed in the 1970s.
In addition to jute the city is also known for jam and journalism. The "jam" association refers to marmalade, which was purportedly invented in the city by Janet Keiller in 1797 (although in reality, recipes for marmalade have been found dating back to the 16th century). Keiller's marmalade became a famous brand because of its mass production and its worldwide export. The industry was never a major employer compared with the jute trade. Marmalade has since become the "preserve" of larger businesses, but jars of Keiller's marmalade are still widely available. "Journalism" refers to the publishing firm DC Thomson & Co., which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries. The firm publishes a variety of newspapers, children's comics and magazines, including The Sunday Post, The Courier, Shout and children's publications, The Beano and The Dandy.
In the nineteenth century Dundee was home to various investment trusts, including the Dundee Investment Company, the Dundee Mortgage and Trust, the Oregon and Washington Trust and the Oregon and Washington Savings Bank, Limited. These merged in 1888 to form the Alliance Trust. Many of the investors in this trust were notable local figures including land gentry, such as the Earl of Airlie, merchants, ship owners, ship builders and jute barons and other textile manufacturers. The Alliance Trust shared its headquarters with another Dundee based trust the Western & Hawaiian Investment Company, later known as the Second Alliance Trust. The two would finally merge into one firm in 2006. The two Alliance Trusts' original main interests were focused on mortgages and land business principally in agricultural areas of the western United States (notably Oregon, Idaho and Texas) and Hawaii. The company also leased mineral rights of properties in Texas and Oklahoma, as well as investing in various ventures in Britain and abroad. In 2008 the company was listed on the FTSE 100 Index and the next year moved to new purpose-built headquarters.
Dundee also developed a major maritime and shipbuilding industry in the 19th century. 2,000 ships were built in Dundee between 1871 and 1881, including the Antarctic research ship used by Robert Falcon Scott, the RRS Discovery. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city, and the Victorian steel-framed works in which Discovery's engine was built is now home to the city's largest book shop. The need of the local jute industry for whale oil also supported a large whaling industry. Dundee Island in the Antarctic takes its name from the Dundee whaling expedition, which discovered it in 1892. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981. The last connection with whaling in Dundee reportedly ended in 1922 when a trading ketch owned by Robert Kinnes & Sons, which had been first set up as a trading company for the Tay Whale Fishing Company, was lost in the Cumberland Sound.
The Tay estuary was the location of the first Tay rail bridge, built by Thomas Bouch and completed in 1877. At the time it was the longest railway bridge in the world. The bridge fell down in a storm less than a year later under the weight of a train full of passengers in what is known as the Tay Bridge disaster. None of the passengers survived.
Tomlinson et al. argue that Dundee enjoyed a "Golden Age" in the 1950s and 1960s. The collapse of the jute industry, they argue, was well handled for three reasons. First, the jute industry was protected from cheap imports by the state. Tariffs and quotas were not allowed by the GATT agreements. Instead protection came through the continuation from 1945 into the 1970s of the wartime Jute Control system, by which the Ministry of Materials imported jute goods and sold them at an artificial price related to the cost of manufacture in Dundee. Secondly, the jute firms agreed to company consolidation to make themselves more efficient, to increase labour productivity, and to cooperate in developing new fibres and goods. Third, labour unions and management ended the hard feelings that caused so much labour unrest and had come to a head in the dismal decade of unemployment in the 1930s. In the postwar cooperation, employers, unions and the city spoke with one voice. Success in managing jute's decline, and the brief brief of multinational corporations like NCR and Timex, held off decline and there was relative full employment in the city down to the 1970s. The golden age ended in the 1980s as the multinationals found cheaper labour in Bangladesh, India, and South America, and the Thatcher government ended state support for British industry. By the 1990s jute had disappeared from Dundee.
The Timex Corporation was a major employer in the city in the post-war era, but in the early 1980s financial difficulties led to attempts to streamline its operations in Dundee. This led to industrial action and after a major strike in 1993 the company completely withdrew from Dundee.
Industrial revolution
After the Union with England ended military hostilities, Dundee was able to redevelop its harbour and established itself as an industrial and trading centre. Dundee's industrial heritage is traditionally summarised as "the three Js": jute, jam and journalism. East-central Scotland became too heavily dependent on linens, hemp, and jute. Despite Indian competition and the cyclical nature of the trade which periodically ruined weaker companies, profits held up well in the 19th century. Typical firms were family affairs, even after the introduction of limited liability in the 1890s. The profits, either taken from the firms or left on interest, helped make the city an important source of overseas investment, especially in North America. The profits were seldom invested locally, apart from the linen trade, because low wages limited local consumption, and because there were no important natural resources, the region offered little opportunity for profitable industrial diversification.
Linen
Linen formed the basis for the growth of the textile industry in Dundee. During the 18th and 19th Centuries, flax was imported from the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea for the production of linen. The trade supported 36 spinning mills by 1835, but various conflicts, including the Crimean War, put a stop to the trade. Textiles thus formed an important part of the economy long before the introduction of jute, but it was jute for rope-making and rough fabrics that helped put Dundee on the map of world trade. Dundee's first flax mills, at Guthrie Street and Chapelshade, appeared in 1793. The industry suffered a slump in the early 19th century, but recovered after a few years, and the years 1821 and 1822 saw 12 mills built in Dundee and Lochee.
The Dundee firm Baxter Brothers, which owned and operated the large Dens Works complex, was the world's largest linen manufacturer from around 1840 until 1890. The firm began in 1822 when William Baxter, who had previously operated a mill at Glamis, and his son Edward built a mill on the Dens Burn. In 1825 Edward left the company and two younger brothers joined as partners, the firm being renamed Baxter Brothers and Co. The company became part of the Low and Bonar Group, jute merchants and manufacturers, in 1924. Baxter Brothers traded as an entity within Low and Bonar until 1978. The Baxters also had a long term interest in the Claverhouse Bleachfield located slightly to the north of Dundee, and now within the city's boundaries. The bleachfield, used for boiling and bleaching linen and yarn was in use from the eighteenth century. From 1814 it was operated by Turnbull & Co, a company which members of the Baxter family were involved in and which evolved into Boase & Co. In 1892 Baxter Brothers owned 55% of the shares in Boase & Co. and eventually assumed complete ownership of the firm in 1921. Baxter Brothers' extensive archives, including highly detailed plans of Dens Works, are now held by Archive Services, University of Dundee. The Baxter family's money was crucial to establishing University College Dundee, now the University of Dundee and the Dundee Technical Institute, now the University of Abertay. University College's co-founder and principal benefactor was William Baxter's daughter, Mary Ann Baxter. Edward Baxter's grandson Sir George Washington Baxter, was later president of the college. William's son Sir David Baxter left the bequest which would later be used to found the Technical Institute.
Another major linen works was Stobswell Works in Dura Street which was built in the 1860s. It was originally owned by Laing and Sandeman and later Laing Brothers, before becoming the base of the Buist Spinning Company in 1900.
Jute
Jute is a rough fibre from India used to make sacking, burlap, twine and canvass. By the 1830s, it was discovered that treatment with whale oil, a byproduct of Dundee's whaling industry, made the spinning of the jute fibre possible, which led to the development of a substantial jute industry in the city which created jobs for rural migrants. The industry was also notable for employing a high proportion of women. In 1901 25,000 women were employed in the jute industry, with women accounting for more than 70% of the industry's workers in Dundee. By 1911 the percentage of persons employed in Dundee's jute industry who were women had risen to 75%. Dundee's jute industry was also notable in that a relatively high number of those employed in it were married women, which was unusual for the time. In 1911 a total of 31,500 were employed in the jute industry in Dundee, which accounted for 40.4% of all of the city's workers.
The first jute related patent in Dundee was granted in 1852 to David Thomson. Thomson had been an apprentice to the jute pioneer James Neish and had founded his business in 1848. This later evolved into Thomson, Shepherd & Co. Ltd, whose Seafield Works in Taylor's Lane operated until 1986.
Several large industrial complexes grew up in the city in the nineteenth century to house the jute industry, including Camperdown Works in Lochee which was the world's largest jute works. It was owned by Cox Brothers, whose family had been involved in the linen trade in Lochee since the early eighteenth century, and was constructed from 1850 onwards. By 1878 it had its own railway branch and employed 4,500 workers, a total which had risen to 5,000 by 1900. Like several of Dundee's jute manufacturers, Cox Brothers became a part of Jute Industries Ltd, which was formed by the amalgamation of several Dundee jute firms in 1920. J Ernest Cox, the grandson of one of the founders of the firm, became chairman of Jute Industries in 1920 and would hold this position until 1948. Camperdown works closed in 1981. Caldrum Works, built 1872–1873, and operated by Harry Walker & Sons, was Dundee's (and Britain's) second largest jute mill by the 1920s. In 1913 the works covered 8 acres of ground. Like Cox Brothers, Harry Walker of sons became a part of Jute Industries in 1920.
Another firm which became part of jute industries in 1920 was J. & A. D. Grimond Ltd, founded in 1840 and who owned Maxwelltown Works and the Bowbridge works in the Hilltown area. Jute Industries also included Gilroy Sons & Co Ltd, which was founded by three brothers in 1849. Gilroys was among the first companies in Dundee to directly import jute from India and its products included sacks, hessians and canvas. Jute Industries became Sidlaw Industries Ltd in 1971. Low & Bonar Ltd, who opened the Eagle Jute Mills in the city in 1930, and who had acquired Baxter Brothers in 1924, also were a major jute firm, expanding their interests in this area with the 1953 acquisition of Henry Boase & Co.
Another major textile presence in Dundee was Don Brothers, Buist & Co. This was formed in the 1860s when the Forfar firm of William and John Don & Co and A J Buist, the owners of Ward Mills in Dundee. In 1867 the firm built the New Mill in Dundee's Lindsay Street. In the 1960s Don Brothers, Buist and Co merged with the textile merchants Low Brothers & Co (Dundee) Ltd to form Don and Low, a group which eventually owned or operated several other textile firms. Low Brothers had themselves earlier taken control of Alexander Henderson & Son Ltd a Dundee jute spinning firm that had been founded in 1833 and based at South Dudhope Works.
Caird (Dundee) Ltd traced their origins back to 1832 when Edward Caird began to manufacture cloth in 12-loom shed at Ashton Works. Caird was a pioneer in Dundee in the weaving of cloth composed of jute warp and weft. In 1870 his son James Key Caird, later noted as philanthropist, took over the business. He greatly expanded it, rebuilding and extending Ashton Works and acquiring Craigie Works. Cairds at one time employed 2,000 hands and its mills were described by the Dundee Advertiser in 1916 as being 'a model of comfort for the workers'. William Halley and Sons Ltd was also founded in 1832 and operated Wallace Craigie Works. The boom in the price of jute caused by the American Civil War saw the works double in size and by 1946 it had 3,312 spindles and 130 looms. In 1857 Hugh & Alexander Scott founded H. & A. Scott, Manufacturers which was based at Tayfield Works, Seafield Road. This firm, which eventually moved into polypropylene manufacture as well as jute and other textiles, survived until 1985 when it was taken over by Amoco UK Ltd.
By the end of the 19th century the majority of Dundee's working population were employed in jute manufacture, but the industry began to decline in 1914, when it became cheaper to rely on imports of the finished product from India. (Dundee's 'jute barons' had invested heavily in Indian factories). By 1951 only 18.5% of Dundee's workforce was employed in the jute industry, with the total number of female workers employed in the industry declining by 62%. In 1942, the Ashton Works were requisitioned by the Government and taken over by "Briggs Motor Bodies Ltd" for the production of jerrycans. Ten million were produced by the time of derequisition in 1946. The Cragie works closed for economic reasons at the end of 1954 when a study found that it was not viable to modernised equipment; production was subsequently moved to Ashton works. Commercial jute production in Dundee ceased in the 1970s, particularly after the cessation of jute control on 30 April 1969. Some manufacturers successfully diversified to produce synthetic fibres and linoleum for a short time. The last of the jute spinners closed in 1999. From a peak of over 130 mills, many have since been demolished, although around sixty have been redeveloped for residential or other commercial use.
The Association of Jute Spinners and Manufacturers was founded in Dundee in 1918. Its initial aim was to act as a cartel to help the prices of its members' products. However, it soon evolved into a significant employers' organisation. It also concerned itself with all national and local legislation which impacted upon the jute industry and aimed to foster good relations between workers and employers. Initially the Association had 56 members in the Dundee and Tayport area alone, but by 1982 there were only 8 spinners or manufacturers of jute left in the United Kingdom.
An award-winning museum, based in the old Verdant Works, commemorates the city's manufacturing heritage and operates a small jute-processing facility. Archive Services at the University of Dundee hold a wide range of collections relating to the textile industry in Dundee, including the records of many of the major jute works.
Jam
Dundee's association with jam stems from Janet Keiller's 1797 'invention' of marmalade. Mrs. Keiller allegedly devised the recipe in order to make use of a cargo-load of bitter Seville oranges acquired from a Spanish ship by her husband. This account is most likely apocryphal, as recipes for marmalade have been found dating back to the 16th century, with the Keillers likely to have developed their marmalade by modifying an existing recipe for quince marmalade. Nevertheless, marmalade became a famed Dundee export after Alex Keiller, James' son, industrialised the production process during the 19th century.
The Keillers originally started selling their produce from a small sweet shop in the Seagate area of the city which specialised in selling locally preserved fruit and jams. In 1845, Alex Keiller moved the business from the Seagate and into a new larger premises on Castle Street. Later, he also later bought premises in Guernsey to take advantage of the lack of sugar duties. The Guernsey premises accounted for a third of the firm's output but still carried the Dundee logo. The Guernsey plant was closed in 1879 due to lack of profitability and was moved to North Woolwich where it was brought back under the control of the Dundee branch. Though iconic to the city, jam was never a major sector of the city's industry, employing approximately 300 people at its peak compared to the thousands who worked in the Jute industry at the same time. Today traditional marmalade production has become the preserve of larger businesses, but distinctive white jars of Keiller's marmalade can still be bought. For many years, these were made by the Maling pottery of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Journalism
Journalism in Dundee generally refers to the publishing company of D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. Founded in 1905 by David Coupar Thomson and still owned and managed by the Thomson family, the firm publishes a variety of newspapers, children's comics and magazines, including The Sunday Post, The Courier, Shout and children's publications, The Beano and The Dandy. Journalism is the only "J" still existing in the city and, with the company's headquarters on Albert Square and extensive premises at Kingsway East, D.C. Thomson remains one of the city's largest employers after local government and the health service, employing nearly 2000 people.
Maritime industry
As Dundee is located on a major estuary, it developed a maritime industry both as a whaling port (since 1753) and in shipbuilding. In 1857, the whaling ship Tay was the first in the world to be fitted with steam engines. By 1872 Dundee had become the premier whaling port of the British Isles, partly due to the local jute industry's demand for whale oil for use in the processing of its cloth. Over 2,000 ships were built in the city between 1871 and 1881. The last whaling ship to be built at Dundee was in 1884. The whaling industry ended around 1912. The last connection between Dundee and the whaling industry ended in 1922 with the loss of the trading ketch, 'Easonian', which was owned by the Dundee-based shipping agents and charter company Robert Kinnes & Sons. Kinnes & Sons had been formed in 1883 by the managing director of the Tay Whale Fishing Company.
In December 1883, a whale was caught in the Tay and was later publicly dissected by Professor John Struthers of the University of Aberdeen. The incident was popular with the public and extra rail journeys were organised to assist those from surrounding areas who wished to see the whale. The creature became known as the Tay Whale, and the event was also celebrated in a poem by William McGonagall.
The Dundee Perth and London Shipping Company (DPLC) ran steamships down the Tay from Perth and on to Hull and London. The firm still exists, but is now a travel agency. However, shipbuilding shrank with the closure of the five berths at the former Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company in 1981, and came to an end altogether in 1987 when the Kestrel Marine yard was closed with the loss of 750 jobs.
, the ship taken to the Antarctic by Robert Falcon Scott and the last wooden three-masted ship to be built in the British Isles, was built in Dundee in 1901. It returned to Dundee in April 1986 initially being moored in Victoria Dock. Since 1992 Discovery has been moored next to a purpose-built visitors' centre, Discovery Point. The oldest wooden British warship still afloat, , is moored in Victoria Dock, although it was not built in Dundee. Dundee was also the home port of the Antarctic Dundee whaling expedition of 1892 which discovered Dundee Island, named after the expedition's home port. The steamship , best known for its reported inaction during the sinking of RMS Titanic was built in Dundee.
Harbour and wharfs
A coastal city with a major maritime industry, Dundee's harbour has long been of importance. As early as 1447 King James II of Scotland granted letters patent to Dundee's Council granting them the right to collect dues on goods coming in via the port. In 1770 the harbour was remodelled by John Smeaton, who introduced water tunnels to tackle the perennial problems caused by the vast quantities of silt washed down the Tay which formed sandbanks in the harbour, thus blocking it. In 1815 a Harbour Act was passed which moved control of the harbour from the Town Council to a Board of Harbour Commissioners. Under their guidance the harbour was greatly expanded from the 1820s with the addition of King William IV Dock, Earl Grey Dock, Victoria Dock and Camperdown Dock. In 1844 a triumphal arch made of timber was erected at the entrance of the harbour to mark the arrival, by sea, of Queen Victoria on her way to her first holiday in Aberdeenshire. In 1849 a competition was held to design a replacement permanent structure. The competition was won by a design submitted by James Thomas Rochead. The resulting Royal Arch quickly became one of Dundee's most iconic symbols. King William IV Dock and the Early Grey Dock were filled in by the 1960s during the construction of the Tay Road Bridge and its approach roads, with the Royal Arch being demolished at the same time. The Arch is the subject of a famous photograph by the photojournalist Michael Peto.
Dundee still has several wharfs. The most prominent wharfs are King George V, Caledon West, Princess Alexandra, Eastern and Caledon East. The Victoria Dock was built in the 19th century to serve the loading of major imports of jute. Activity ceased in the 1960s and the wharf was out of service for forty years. It has since been redeveloped into a shopping wharf known as City Quay. The Quay has a 500-yard Millennium Bridge spanning its eastern quay which swings round to allow ships in. Camperdown docklands is also being redeveloped in a manner similar to Canary Wharf in London and is scheduled for completion in 2008. The last wharf to be built in Dundee was at Stannergate for the shipbuilders Kestrel Marine. It was formally opened by Charles, Prince of Wales on 17 July 1979 and named after him.
Tay Bridge Disaster
In 1878 a new railway bridge over the Tay was opened, connecting the rail network at Dundee to Fife and Edinburgh. Its completion was commemorated in verse by William McGonagall. About two years after completion, the bridge collapsed under the weight of a full train of passengers during a fierce storm. All on board the train were lost and some bodies were never recovered. McGonagall's The Tay Bridge Disaster recounts the tragedy in verse. perhaps one of his best known poems. The public inquiry of the Tay Bridge disaster in 1880 found that the bridge had been "badly designed, badly built and badly maintained" and Sir Thomas Bouch was blamed for the catastrophe. He had under-designed the structure and used brittle cast iron for critical components, especially the lugs which held tensioned tie bars in the towers. It was these lugs which fractured first and destabilised the towers in the high girders section. The bolt holes in the lugs were cast, and had a conical section, so all the load was concentrated at a sharp outer edge. Such conical bolt holes were used for critical horizontal strut lugs as well, and weakened the structure substantially. The towers of the high girder section were heavily loaded and were very top heavy, making then susceptible to toppling. The towers failed during the storm as the train was travelling over, and a chain reaction followed as each of the towers in the high girders section collapsed. In 1887 the bridge was replaced by William Henry Barlow with a much more substantial bridge, which was at that time the longest railway bridge in Europe, at just over long (Europe's longest bridge today is the Oresund Bridge).
Public transport
Trams
The first municipal public transport in Dundee was operated by Dundee and District Tramways. From 1877, these were generally horse-drawn, but by June 1885 steam cars with green and white livery were introduced. Unusually, the tram lines were publicly built and owned, although initially leased by police commissionaires to private companies.
All routes came under direct municipal control in 1893, which allowed the city to adopt overhead electric lines to power the trams. Between 1899 and 1902 the tramways were fully electrified. The first electric tram in Dundee started on 12 July 1900. The route ran from High Street to Ninewells in the West via Nethergate and Perth Road with a later route running to Dryburgh in the North. The peak of the tram network was in 1932, when 79 lines operated in the city. By 1951, many of the trams had not been updated. At least a third of the stock was over 50 years old. A study led by the Belfast transport consultant, Colonel R McCreary showed that the cost of trams compared with bus service was 26.700 and 21.204 pence per mile, respectively. He advocated abandoning the tramway system in 1952. In October 1956, the last trams were quietly taken out of service. On the evening of 20 October 1956 the last tram (#25) went to Maryfield Depot. Over 5,000 people witnessed the tram leaving the depot at 12:31 am to go to the Lochee depot. All remaining cars were reduced to scrap by burning.
Buses
The first trolleybuses in Scotland were introduced along Clepington Road in Dundee during 1912–1914. However, motor buses were gradually introduced from 1921 to supplement the tram system, and double-decker buses appeared ten years later. Electric-powered operated by "Dundee Corporation Electricity Works" were still used in parts of the city until 1961. In 1975, Dundee Corporation Transport became part of the new Tayside Regional Council. Tayside adopted a new dark blue, white and light blue livery for its buses, replacing the former dark green. The Volvo Ailsa double deck bus became standard in the Tayside fleet during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1986, following bus deregulation, Tayside Buses was formed as a separate company. It was later privatised and bought out by National Express and now trades as Xplore Dundee.
Dundee (and the surrounding countryside) was also served by buses of Walter Alexander (part of the state-owned Scottish Transport Group), which was rebranded as Northern Scottish in the early 1960s. In the 1980s the Tayside operation of Northern Scottish became a separate company, Strathtay Scottish. The company was privatised in the late 1980s.
Rail
Rail transport in Dundee began with the Dundee and Newtyle Railway Company which was formed in 1826 and was the first railway to be built in the North of Scotland. The railway linking Dundee with Newtyle opened in 1832 and was eventually part of the Caledonian Railway. This was followed by the Dundee and Arbroath Railway Company which was incorporated in May 1836. The line linking Dundee and Arbroath opened in October 1838 from a temporary terminus near Craigie, was fully operational by 1840. A route to the west materialised with the founding of the Dundee and Perth Railway Company in 1845. It opened its line two years later, although it was not connected to Perth Station until 1849. The company also leased the Newtyle line from 1846 and the Arbroath line from 1848.
By the end of the late 1870s Dundee had three main stations, Dundee (Tay Bridge), serving the North British Railway and its connections, Dundee West, the Caledonian Railway station for Perth and Glasgow, which was rebuilt in a grand style in 1889–1890, and the smaller Dundee East on the Dundee and Arbroath Joint Railway. Various plans were put forward to concentrate all Dundee's railway facilities in a new central station. This idea was first mooted in 1864 by John Leng, then the editor of the Dundee Advertiser, and the idea re-emerged in 1872 following the start of work on the Tay Rail Bridge. The concept was also put forward for a final time in 1896. Various sites for a central station were put forwardincluding building it between the High Street and the harbour, between the Murraygate and the Meadows and on a waterfront site created by partially filling in two of Dundee's docks. However none of these proposals were ever released and the three distinct stations survived as independent entities.
Dundee formerly had commuter train services linking Dundee (Tay Bridge) station with Wormit and Newport-on-Tay. These ceased following the opening of the Tay Road Bridge. Other commuter train services to Invergowrie, Balmossie, Broughty Ferry and Monifieth have been substantially reduced since the 1980s. Dundee East closed in 1959 and Dundee West station closed in the 1960s, with all traffic being diverted to Tay Bridge station (now simply known as Dundee station).
Tay Ferry
A passenger and vehicle ferry service across the River Tay operated from Craigie Pier, Dundee, to Newport-on-Tay. Popularly known in Dundee as "the Fifie", the service was withdrawn in August 1966, being replaced by the newly opened Tay Road Bridge.
Three vessels latterly operated the service – the paddle steamer B. L. Nairn (of 1929) and the two more modern ferries Abercraig and Scotscraig, which were both equipped with Voith Schneider Propellers.
Hospitals
The original Town Hospital in Dundee was founded in what is now the Nethergate in 1530 to provide for the support of the sick and elderly persons dwelling in the burgh and run by the Trinitarians. After the Reformation its running was taken over by the town council and it was used to house and care for a dozen 'decayed burgesses'. The original building was replaced in about 1678. During the 18th century it was decided it was better to care for the needy in their own homes and the hospital was then used for other purposes. Tay Street was built on its extensive gardens, and St Andrews Cathedral was later erected on the site of the hospital itself.
In 1798 an infirmary was opened in King Street which would serve as the principal hospital in Dundee for almost 200 years. This hospital was granted a Royal Charter by George III in 1819, after which it became known as the "Dundee Royal Infirmary and Asylum". In 1820 the asylum was formally established as a separate entity in its own premises in Albert Street, and the hospital in King Street became Dundee Royal Infirmary (commonly known as DRI). The infirmary moved to larger premises in Barrack Road in 1855. The asylum received a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria in 1875 and became known as Dundee Royal Lunatic Asylum. In 1879 work began on a new site for the asylum at Westgreen Farm, Liff to which all patients had been transferred by October 1882. A second building, Gowrie House was erected to the south of Westgreen for private patients. From 1903 Westgreen was owned and operated by the Dundee District Lunacy Board as Dundee District Asylum, while Gowrie House continued as Dundee Royal Lunatic Asylum. The two were recombined in 1959 as Dundee Royal Mental Hospital and later became known as Royal Dundee Liff Hospital.
During an outbreak of cholera in 1832, a building in Lower Union Street was converted into an isolation hospital, but was refitted for use as lodgings after the epidemic was over. Other temporary isolation facilities were used later in the century, but in 1889 King's Cross Hospital was opened in Clepington Road as Dundee's first permanent fever hospital. By 1913 it had expanded its facilities from two wards to seven. It was run by the town council until the creation of the National Health Service. From 1929 the town council also ran Maryfield Hospital, Stobswell, which had formerly been the East Poorhouse Hospital. The hospital eventually took over the entire site of the East Poorhouse and served as Dundee's second main hospital after DRI.
Slightly to the north of Dundee was Baldovan Institution founded in 1852 as 'an orphanage, hospital and place of education and training for 'imbecile' children'. Its foundation was largely thanks to the benevolence of Sir John and Lady Jane Ogilvy. The asylum and the orphanage were later separated, with the former evolving into Strathmartine Hospital (that name being adopted in 1959). Strathmartine was progressively decommissioned from the late 1980s, closing completely in 2003. In 2014 Heritage Lottery Funding was award to a project to for former residents and staff at Strathmartine Hospital to record their stories of the hospital. The project is led by the Thera Trust and involves the University of Dundee, the dundee Local History Group, Advocating Together and the Living Memory Association.
In 1899 the Victoria Hospital for Incurables was set up in Jedbrugh Road to provide long term nursing care for the terminally ill. This would later become Royal Victoria Hospital. In 1959 it gained a geriatric ward and is now mainly used for patients over the age of 65, and is also home to the Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation. In 1980 the remaining patients at the Sidlaw Hospital, a former sanitorium that was latterly used as a convalescent home and to provide respite care, were transferred to the Royal Victoria.
A hospital for women, known as Dundee Women's Hospital and Nursing Home, was opened in 1897. Originally in Seafield Road, it aimed to provide surgical care for women at a low price. This hospital moved to Elliott Road and eventually closed in the 1970s.
A hospital for dental treatment, Dundee Dental Hospital, opened in 1914 in Park Place. During the First World War the hospital provided dental services to regular and territorial soldiers. In 1916 the hospital was extended to include a dental school. It became part of the NHS in 1948, and new premises in Park Place opened in 1968. The Dental School is part of the University of Dundee. In the 1980s closure of the Dental School was proposed by the University Grants Committee. This was strongly resisted and a successful campaign led by the university resulted in its retention.
After World War II it soon became apparent that Dundee's existing hospital facilities were insufficient. They also provided inadequate teaching facilities for the medical students at what was to become the University of Dundee. A new hospital was planned, and after several delays was opened at Ninewells in 1974. The opening of Ninewells Hospital led to the closure of Maryfield to patients in 1976, although some of its buildings were retained for use for administration purposes. Dundee Royal Infirmary's functions were also gradually transferred to Ninewells and it closed in 1998. In the 1990s and 2000s many of King’s Cross Hospital’s functions were also moved to Ninewells, but it still retains a number of outpatient departments and also serves as the headquarters of NHS Tayside.
Coat of arms
The city’s coat of arms is a pot of 3 silver lilies on a blue shield supported by two green dragons. Above the shield is a single lily and above that a scroll with the motto Dei Donum, gift of God.
The blue colour of the shield is said to represent the cloak of the Virgin Mary while the silver (white) lilies are also closely associated with her. There is an early carving in the city’s Old Steeple, showing a similar coat of arms with Mary, protecting her child with a shield from dragons. Following an Act of Parliament passed in 1672, Dundee’s 'new' coat of arms was matriculated in the office of the Lord Lyon King of Arms on 30 July 1673. However, by this time Scotland had become a Presbyterian nation, and any such idolatry of the Virgin Mary would have been frowned upon, leading to the more subtle symbolism that appears today. There are different theories as to why Dragons came to be used as supporters. One is that on the earlier arms they represent the violent sea that the Virgin Mary protected David from. Another is that they relate to the local legend of the Strathmartine Dragon.
Over the years small changes crept in until in 1932 the City Council decided to ask the Lord Lyon King of Arms about the correct form. Amongst other differences he pointed out that the dragons on the coat of arms were actually wyverns. (Although closely related wyverns have only two legs while dragons have four.) The coat of arms above the Eastern Cemetery gateway shows wyverns instead of dragons and three lilies above the shield instead of one. It was decided to go back to the original form with dragon supporters and one lily and to add a second motto 'Prudentia et Candore' – Wisdom and Truth.
The coat of arms was slightly modified in 1975 when the City of Dundee District Council was created under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. A coronet, with thistle heads, was incorporated; this emblem being common to the coats of arms of all Scottish district councils. A further modification took place in 1996, when the District Council was replaced by the current Dundee City Council; the design of the coronet was revised to the present format.
Important People Associated with Dundee
Winston Churchill
Between 1908 and 1922, one of the city's Members of Parliament was Winston Churchill, at that time a member of the (Coalition) Liberal Party. He had won the seat at a by-election on 8 May 1908 and was initially popular, especially as he was the President of the Board of Trade and, later, senior Cabinet minister. However, his frequent absence from Dundee on cabinet business, combined with the local bitterness and disillusionment that was caused by the Great War strained this relationship. In the buildup to the 1922 general election, even the local newspapers contained vitriolic rhetoric with regards to his political status in the city. At a one meeting he was only able to speak for 40 minutes when he was barracked by a section of the audience. Prevented from campaigning in the final days of his reelection campaign by appendicitis, his wife Clementine was even spat on for wearing pearls. Churchill was ousted by the Scottish Prohibitionist Edwin Scrymgeour – Scrymgeour's sixth election attempt – and indeed came only fourth in the poll. Churchill would later write that he left Dundee "short of an appendix, seat and party". In 1943 he was offered Freedom of the City – by 16 votes to 15 – but refused to accept. On being asked by the council to expand on his reasons, he simply wrote: "I have nothing to add to the reply which has already been sent".
Notable Dundonians and people associated with Dundee
Mary Ann Baxter – co-founder of University College, Dundee
Hector Boece – Scottish philosopher
Mary Brooksbank (1897–1978) – revolutionary and songwriter
James MacLellan Brown (c.1886-1967) – City Architect, designer of the Mills Observatory (1935)
James Key Caird – Jute baron and philanthropist
Brian Cox – actor
William Alexander Craigie – philologist and lexicographer
John Dair – TV Actor
George Dempster of Dunnichen and Skibo (1732–1818) – advocate, landowner, agricultural improver, politician and business man
Thomas Dick – Scottish writer
James Alfred Ewing – physicist and engineer
Margaret Fairlie – gynaecologist; First woman to hold professorial chair in Scotland
Margaret Fenwick – the first woman General Secretary of a British trade union
David Ferguson (died 1598) – reformer
Matthew Fitt (born 1968) – Scots poet and novelist, National Scots Language Development Officer.
Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming – Scottish astronomer, noted for her discovery of the Horsehead Nebula
Neil Forsyth (born 1978) – journalist and author, best known for creating the character Bob Servant
Mark Fotheringham – professional footballer
George Galloway – politician & former Member of Parliament
Sir Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) – Professor of Botany at University College, Dundee, urban planner and sociologist
George Gilfillan (1813–1878) – author and poet, pastor of a Secession congregation in Dundee
Professor Sir Alexander Gray (1882–1968) – civil servant, economist, academic, translator, writer and poet
James Haldane (1768–1851) – theologian and missionary
Thomas James Henderson – astronomer
W. N. Herbert (born 1961) – poet
Florence Horsbrugh – Dundee's only female and Conservative M.P. and later the first female Conservative Cabinet Minister
Ken Hyder – musician and journalist
James Ivory – mathematician
Lorraine Kelly – TV Presenter and journalist
Bella Keyzer – welder and equal pay activist
Alexander Crawford Lamb – antiquarian, author of Dundee: Its Quaint and Historic Buildings
Joseph Lee – poet, artist and journalist
James Bowman Lindsay (1799–1862) – inventor and author
Billy Mackenzie – singer
William Lyon Mackenzie – first Mayor of Toronto
Thomas John MacLagan (1838–1903) – physician and pharmacologist
Iain Macmillan (1938-2006) – photographer, work including the photograph for The Beatles' album Abbey Road
William McGonagall – Poet
Robert Murray M'Cheyne (1813–1843) – minister of religion, serving in St Peter's Church (Dundee) from 1838
Richard (Dick) McTaggart – Olympic gold medallist (Boxer)
Eddie Mair – broadcaster
Michael Marra – musician
George Mealmaker (1768–1808) – weaver, radical organiser, and writer
Helen Meechie (1938–2000) – CBE, Brigadier and Director of the Women's Royal Army Corps – Career
John Mylne (died 1621) – Master Mason to the Crown of Scotland
Don Paterson (born 1963) – poet, writer and musician
G. C. Peden – emeritus professor of history at Stirling University
Sam Robertson – Actor
Agnes L. Rogers – educational psychologist
Edwin Scrymgeour – Britain's first (and only) Prohibitionist M.P.
Mary Slessor (1848–1915) – missionary to Nigeria
Thomas Smith (1752–1814) – early lighthouse engineer
Bob Stewart – Comintern agent
Robert Stirling Newall – engineer and astronomer
Bruce James Talbert (1838–1881) – architect and interior designer
Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860–1948) – biologist, mathematician, and classics scholar
David Coupar Thomson (1861–1954) – proprietor of the newspaper and publishing company D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd
James Thomson (died 1927) – City Engineer, City Architect, and Housing Director of Dundee
Dudley D. Watkins (1907-1969) – cartoonist and illustrator
Preston Watson – (1880-1915) – aeronautical pioneer and aviator
Kieren Webster – musician
James Wedderburn (c.1495–1553) – poet and playwright
James Wedderburn (1585–1639) – bishop of Dunblane, grandson of the poet James Wedderburn
John Wedderburn (c.1505–1553) – poet and theologian
Robert Wedderburn (c.1510–c.1555) – poet and vicar
David Dougal Williams (June 1888-27 September 1944) – artist and Dundee art teacher
Alexander Wilkie – Scotland's first Labour M.P.
Alexander Wilson (died 1922) – noted amateur photographer, working in Dundee
Gordon Wilson (1938-2017) – former leader of the Scottish National Party and M.P. for Dundee East 1974–1987
Fanny Wright – leading US feminist
David Jones – Video Game Developer, creator of Lemmings, Grand Theft Auto and Crackdown game series and founder of DMA Design (now Rockstar North).
Innovation
James Bowman Lindsay demonstrated his invention of a prototype electric light bulb at a public meeting in 1835.
The adhesive postage stamp was invented in Dundee by James Chalmers. His tombstone in the city's Howff burial ground reads: "Originator of the adhesive postage stamp which saved the Uniform Penny Post scheme of 1840 from collapse rendering it an unqualified success and which has since been adopted throughout the postal systems of the world."
Archives
Many of Dundee's historical records are kept by two local archives, Dundee City Archives, operated by Dundee City Council, and the University of Dundee's Archive Services. Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the burgh along with those of the former Tayside Region. The archive also holds the records of various people groups and organizations connected to Dundee. The university's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the university and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the university such as D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. Archive Services is also home to the archives of several individuals, businesses and organizations based in Dundee and the surrounding area. The records held at the university include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute and linen industry in Dundee, records of other businesses including the archives of the Alliance Trust and the department store G. L. Wilson, the records of the Brechin Diocese of the Scottish Episcopal Church and the NHS Tayside Archive.
See also
Timeline of Dundee history
Whaling in Scotland
Notes
References
Further reading
Dundee |