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1. A method for authoring an output page, the method comprising: reading page markup language data; validating the page markup language data according to a schema for the page markup language; presenting one or more available components defined using component markup language, the available components including pre-defined layouts of an output page; reading component markup language data, the component markup language data including at least one component reference from the one or more available components; validating the component reference in the page markup language data; translating the page markup language data and the component markup language data to intermediate output page markup language data; translating the intermediate output page markup language data to first output page markup language data; editing at least one component of the one or more available components, the at least one component referenced by the first output page markup language data; and updating the first output page markup language data based on the editing of the at least one component.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the page markup language conforms to an XML schema.

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7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the generating crowd level features includes at least one of a hybrid human detector comprising a multiple learning based human detector using an interleaving scanning method, texture analysis using fusion thereby generating crowd density, crowd count, crowd location, crowd size, and optical flow analysis for the crowd dynamics and motion features, thereby providing accurate human localization and crowd density estimation.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the hybrid human detector comprising multiple learning based human detector comprises at least one of an Adaboost algorithm, a convolutional neural network, or a combination thereof, wherein the Adaboost or convolutional algorithm comprises at least one of a human head detector, a upper body detector, a full body detector, or a combination thereof.

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1. A method for determining display information on a mobile client, comprising: receiving a plurality of sets of one or more first keywords on the mobile client, each set of first keywords associated with one or more respective first messages; monitoring user interaction of the respective first messages on the mobile client; performing learning operations on the mobile client with the first keywords based on monitored user interaction to estimate a set of keyword interest weights; receiving a set of target keywords associated with a target message; receiving the target message over a wireless link if the estimated set of keyword interest weights indicates a desirability of the target message; and displaying the target message on the mobile client based on the estimated set of keyword interest weights.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of monitoring user interaction includes monitoring click-through-rates for the first messages.

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1. A method comprising: accessing, by one or more computers, a hierarchical network of connected concepts that defines a semantic space, the concepts being connected to one another through connections that have different strength values and different types of relationships, the relationships including (i) a parent-child type of relationship that connects concepts in a first direction in the hierarchical network, (ii) a child-parent type of relationship that connects concepts in a second, different direction in the hierarchical network, and (iii) a lateral bond type of relationship that connects concepts in a third, different direction in the hierarchical network; identifying multiple connections that define a path between a first concept and a second concept in the hierarchical network; aggregating the strength values of the multiple connections that define the path; determining that one or more changes in direction occur along the path; scaling, by one or more computers, the aggregated strength value using a penalty factor based on determining that one or more changes in direction that occur along the path; and assigning the scaled strength value as a value that quantifies a proximity of the first concept to the second concept in the semantic space.

6. The method of claim 1 , comprising: selecting a scaling factor that increases as the number of connections along the path increases; and determining the scaled aggregated strength value using the scaling factor.

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15. A digitally-tunable electronic device configured to display scheduled programming content, the electronic device comprising: at least one storage device configured to store for each of a plurality of intended actions, an association between the intended action and one or more terms, each of which comprises at least one word, wherein none of the one or more terms is included as a portion of a specific voice command included in a command grammar associated with the digitally-tunable electronic device; and at least one processor programmed to: receive a free-form voice input comprising a search query, wherein the free-form voice input is not constrained to a voice command recognizable by a command grammar associated with the digitally-tunable electronic device; determine an intended action to perform based, at least in part, on the free-form voice input, wherein the determined intended action is selected from the group consisting of listening to music content, watching video content, and playing content that is always accessible, wherein determining the intended action comprises selecting the intended action from among the plurality of intended actions by determining that the free-form voice input includes at least one of the one or more terms associated with the intended action; select, based on the determined intended action, a plurality of data sources to search, wherein the selected plurality of data sources to search include at least one scheduled programming content data source and at least one bundled service content data source; search the selected plurality of data sources based, at least in part, on the search query and the determined intended action; order results of the search based, at least in part, on which of the selected plurality of data sources each result of the results of the search is associated with; and present the ordered results of the search on the user interface, wherein the ordered results of the search combine at least one first result corresponding to scheduled programming content returned from the at least one scheduled programming content data source and at least one second result corresponding to bundled service content returned from the at least one bundled service content data source.

19. The digitally-tunable electronic device of claim 15 , wherein the at least one bundled service data source comprises a plurality of data sources connected via a network.

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26. A method of data profiling code, the method comprising: associating a source-level data object language construct for a source-level data object by tagging an instruction instance stored in at least one computer readable storage medium that may consume execution time based on loading of data utilizing at least one processing unit, with identifiers that describe the instruction instance with a source-level data object language construct; and attributing a sampled runtime event to the source-level data object language construct describing units of data identifiable in source code utilizing the at least one processing unit, wherein the attributing is based at least in part on the association between the instruction instance in executable code and the source-level data object language construct corresponding thereto.

29. The method of claim 26 wherein the instruction instance includes a load type instruction.

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41. The method of claim 40, wherein said first key word is generated from a caption word string in said text object.

40. In a data processing system, a method for archiving image objects in a document, comprising the steps of: loading an existing index into a data processing system; inputting an image object file into said system; inputting a document architecture envelope including a text object and a pointer to said image object file, into said system; automatically generating a first key word for said image object from said text object; generating a link for said first key word to said text object; adding said first key word and said link to said index; storing said document architecture envelope and said image object file in said system; storing said index including said first key word in said system; entering a search term into said data processing system; comparing said search term with candidate key words in said index; and retrieving said image object if said first key word, is found in said comparing step.

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11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the media broadcast is a television broadcast or a radio broadcast.

10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising: broadcasting the vocal output as a component of a media broadcast for the sporting contest.

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10. A system comprising: a processor; and a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method comprising: collecting a customer specific services list; for each service in the customer specific services list, generating country-specific weights; generating a set of summary weights for a plurality of regional language variations based on an aggregation of the country-specific weights; selecting a system language model based on the set of summary weights; and recognizing speech received from the customer based on the system language model.

14. The system of claim 10 , the computer-readable storage medium having additional instructions stored which result in the method further comprising adjusting phoneme matching in the language model based on a possibility that the speaker is using other languages based on an adjusted summary weight and adjusted country-specific weights, wherein the adjusted summary weight and the adjusted country-specific weights are adjusted in real time based on user interactions with the interactive voice response system.

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25. An apparatus for processing signals representative of linguistic expressions, said apparatus comprising A. means for entering a signal representative of an input expression, B. means for determining a grammatical classification and an inflectional classification of said input expression, C. means for outputting a signal representative of said classification determination, and D. means for generating a signal representative of an expression linguistically related to said input expression, said related expression signal-generating means including inflect means for generating a signal representative of an expression of like grammatical and inflectional classification to said input expression.

26. An apparatus according to claim 25 in which said grammatical-inflection classification determining means includes means for determining a base form of said input expression.

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10. A method of similarity search initialization, the method comprising: selecting a leaf of a suffix tree generated from a target string representing a target sequence stored in a memory, the selected leaf being associated with a prefix in the suffix tree having a longest match to a suffix of a query string representing a query; and executing a distance operator using a processor, the distance operator to determine a distance between the query and a subsequence of the target sequence represented by a candidate substring of the target string, the candidate substring comprising the prefix associated with the selected leaf as a suffix, wherein the determined distance is an initial upper bound in a similarity search of the target sequence using the query.

13. The method of similarity search initialization of claim 10 , further comprising: quantizing the target sequence to produce the target string, the target string comprising a first termination symbol that is not represented in a finite symbol alphabet used in quantizing; and quantizing the query to produce the query string, the query string comprising a second termination symbol that is not in the finite symbol alphabet used in quantizing, the second termination symbol being different from the first termination symbol, wherein the target sequence is a time sequence.

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7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of candidate models include a UCM reference model, and wherein determining transfer functions from a UCM reference model includes: determining a functional transformation for each regressor; determining delay for each functional transformed regressor; determining of the level, slope, seasonal, and cycle components.

1. A computer-implemented method to provide one or more model specifications using time series data that is indicative of a data generation activity occurring over a period of time, comprising: receiving, using one or more processors, a plurality of candidate models; receiving a plurality of candidate input variables; for each candidate model, determining transfer functions for the candidate input variables in order to relate a variable to be forecasted to the time series data, wherein determining transfer functions includes determining delay for each regressor; automatically selecting for each candidate model which of the candidate input variables to include in each of the candidate models based upon the determined transfer functions; and automatically selecting a model from the candidate models to forecast the time series data using the selected candidate input variables of the selected model.

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6. The method of claim 1 , wherein recording, into the second node, comprises: identifying new stack frames generated by the execution of the second instruction by searching, within the current stack trace, for a matching lowest function caller frame that appears in a previous current stack trace, wherein the new stack frames are additional stack frames on top of a lowest caller frame, the new stack frames being the second set of stack frames associated with the execution of the second instruction; concatenating the new stack frames with existing stack frames from the previous current stack trace into a concatenated stack trace; and recording a mapping of the concatenated stack trace into the second node, wherein the portion of the mapping of the current stack trace contains the new stack frames and the pointer to the first node points to remaining stack frames in the current stack trace, the remaining stack frames being same as the existing stack frames of the previous current stack trace stored in the first node.

1. A method, comprising: recording, into a first node, a mapping of a current stack trace in response to an execution of a first instruction to construct a first element of a plurality of elements in a computer program, wherein the current stack trace is a stack trace that includes stack frames generated up to a particular point in the execution of code instructions in the computer program; storing the first node in a data structure configured for storing a plurality of nodes, wherein the first node includes a first set of stack frames associated with the execution of the first instruction to construct the first element; incrementally updating the first node by recording, into the first node, a first updated mapping of the current stack trace in response to the execution of a first subsequent instruction that has the first element as a parameter; recording, into a second node, the mapping of the current stack trace in response to the execution of a second instruction to construct a second element of the plurality of elements in the computer program; storing the second node in the data structure, wherein the second node comprises: a portion of the mapping of the current stack trace, the portion of the mapping of the current stack trace including a second set of stack frames associated with the execution of the second instruction to construct the second element; and a pointer to the first node; incrementally updating the second node by recording, into the second node, a second updated mapping of the current stack trace in response to the execution of a second subsequent instruction that has the second element as the parameter; and in response to a determination that no additional instruction for constructing an element exists in the computer program, generating a node string from the plurality of nodes that includes at least the first node and the second node.

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7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the public discussion board comprises online discussions.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temporally defined input is posted on a public discussion board.

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23. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing program code configured to, upon execution, cause an apparatus comprising a processor to perform the method according to claim 14 when the program code is executed by the processor.

14. A method comprising: causing a precursor to be defined as one or more words; receiving text input data; causing the text input data to be displayed; referencing a dictionary containing a plurality of entries, each said entry including an index and a candidate word; selecting, from the dictionary, a list of n-number of candidate words whose index matches the precursor, where n≧1; either: in an instance in which m>n and the precursor comprises two or more words: causing n-number of candidate words from said list of candidate words to be displayed, causing the precursor to be shortened by causing one or more words to be deleted from the precursor, selecting a supplemental list of candidate words from said dictionary whose index matches the shortened precursor, and causing m−n number or less of said supplemental candidate words to be displayed; or, in an instance in which n>m: causing the precursor to be lengthened by causing one or more words to be added to the precursor, selecting an alternate list of candidate words from said dictionary whose index matches the lengthened precursor, and causing m-number or less of candidate words from the alternate list to be displayed; and causing a prompt to be displayed, the prompt enabling a user to either select one of the displayed candidate words or enter a desired word; wherein m comprises a maximum number of candidate words capable of being caused to be displayed.

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5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the structured query comprises a Structured Query Language (“SQL”) query.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: transmitting a pilot query to an unstructured data system, the pilot query requesting that the unstructured data system identify a first set of one or more fields that the unstructured data system can use to search raw machine data stored in textual form, wherein a field is defined by an extraction rule specifying where to find a subportion of text within a larger segment of text of the raw machine data; receiving the identified first set of one or more fields; receiving, at a query converter, a structured query whose portions all correspond to a structured query language; converting, by the query converter, the structured query into an unstructured query in an unstructured query language associated with searching the raw machine data in the unstructured data system, the unstructured query referencing at least one field in the first set of one or more fields; and transmitting an instruction to the unstructured data system requesting that the unstructured data system execute the unstructured query against the raw machine data in the textual form; wherein the method is performed by one or more computing devices.

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4. The web application server of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor chains at least two given ones of the bound security rules together based on the given condition being common to both of the at least two given ones of the bound security rules.

1. A web application server executing a web application and a web application server firewall, the web application server comprising: an interface to a communications network, the communications network passing a plurality of messages between at least one client computer and the web application; a connector module executing on at least one processor of the web application server and intercepting a plurality of HTTP request messages of the plurality of messages and a plurality of HTTP response messages of the plurality of messages, wherein the HTTP request messages and HTTP response messages; a message handler module executing on the at least one processor of the web application server and parsing the HTTP request messages and the HTTP response messages into a plurality of message sections in accordance with a plurality of message model sections of a HTTP message model; a runtime engine module executing on the at least one processor of the web application server and processing the HTTP request messages and the HTTP response messages in accordance with the message sections and a plurality of bound security rules, wherein the bound security rules are each bound to one or more message model sections of the HTTP message model, and at least one bound security rule is fired upon determining that a given message includes a message section matching at least one of the message model sections to which the at least one bound security rule is bound; and a memory storing a plurality of security rules including unbound security rules and the bound security rules, wherein at least one of the bound security rules corresponding to a parent portion of the HTTP message model and is inherited by a child portion of the HTTP message model.

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2. A method, implemented in a computing system, comprising: assessing a user's comprehension of a plurality of target foreign language words corresponding to a plurality of base language words; producing, in response to the assessing, a mixed language text based on a base language text, the mixed language text including a foreign language word from the plurality of the target foreign language words substituted for a portion of the instances of a corresponding base language word from the plurality of base language words occurring in the base language text, the producing performed in processor; and presenting the mixed language text to the user.

9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the assessing includes: prompting the user to provide an input indicating a level of familiarity with the foreign language word from the plurality of the target foreign language words; and estimating the user's proficiency with the foreign language word from the plurality of the target foreign language words, based on the input.

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5. A system for processing triggering rules in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) event notification filters, the system comprising: an XPath processor configured to collect a set of XPath expressions from at least one trigger of at least one SIP event notification filter of at least one subscriber in a set of subscribers who are subscribed to state information of a resource, and create a merged finite state automaton having a plurality of nodes and transitions that collectively represent the combination of said XPath expressions; a processor for executing a streaming parser configured to parse previously-published state information of said resource and newly-published state information of said resource, and stream parsing events of said parsed information to said XPath processor, wherein said XPath processor is configured to employ said automaton to perform a streaming evaluation of said XPath expressions in parallel to determine which nodes of said parsed information satisfies any of said XPath expressions represented by said automaton, and wherein said XPath processor is configured to derive a value from either of said previously-published state information and said newly-published state information, said value being associated with said any of said XPath expressions; and a trigger condition evaluator configured to evaluate, for any of said filters, all of said values of all of said trigger conditions that determine whether a notification is to be sent, and compose and send said notification if said evaluated trigger conditions are met.

7. A system according to claim 5 wherein any of said XPath processor, said streaming parser, and said trigger condition evaluator are implemented in either of a) computer hardware and b) computer software embodied in a non-transitory computer storage medium.

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12. A computer-program product tangibly embodied in a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, the computer-program product including instructions operable to cause a processor to perform operations comprising: retrieve node data, from a node device, wherein the node data is descriptive of at least one characteristic of an execution environment of the node device; generate a current data set model, wherein the current data set model is descriptive of at least one characteristic of a current data set; compare the current data set model to at least one previously generated data set model of at least one previously analyzed data set to detect a match in the at least one characteristic that meets a similarity threshold, wherein the at least one previously generated data set model is descriptive of the at least one characteristic of the at least one previously analyzed data set; in response to detection of a match that meets the similarity threshold between the at least one characteristic described in the current data set model and the at least one characteristic described in the at least one previously generated data set model: retrieve an indication from a correlation database of at least one previously performed action previously performed on the at least one previously analyzed data set, wherein the at least one previously performed action comprises at least one of normalization, a transform or a task performed on the at least one previously analyzed data set; select a computer language based on the node data; generate node instructions, in the selected computer language and based on at least the current data set model, to cause the node device to perform the at least one previously performed action on at least a portion of the current data set; and transmit the node instructions to the node device; in response to detection of a lack of a match that meets the similarity threshold between the at least one characteristic described in the current data set model and the at least one characteristic described in the at least one previously generated data set model present a request for input indicative of a current action to perform on the current data set, wherein the current action comprises at least one of normalization, a transform or a task to be performed on the current data set; monitor previously performed actions performed on each previously analyzed data set of the at least one previously analyzed data set; for each previously analyzed data set of the at least one previously analyzed data set, store previously generated data set model that corresponds to the previously analyzed data set correlated to an indication of a previously performed action performed on the previously analyzed data set in the correlation database; derive a correlation between the at least one characteristic and the at least one previously performed action from the correlation database; and determine the at least one previously performed action to cause the node device to perform on the current data set based on the correlation.

17. The computer-program product of claim 12 , wherein the task performed on the at least one previously analyzed data set comprises at least one of a region-specific normalization, an industry-specific transform, a statistical analysis, or an aggregation of results of multiple statistical analyses.

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1. A method for time aligned identification of video content playing on an electronic client device, the method comprising: receiving by the electronic client device, a video stream for presentation by the electronic client device, the video stream containing a first video content followed by a second video content; generating by the electronic client device, a first set of signatures for the first video content; identifying by the electronic client device, the first video content based on an analysis of the first set of signatures compared to reference signatures stored in a database; detecting by the electronic client device, a scale ratio mapping between video frames of the identified first video content playing on the electronic client device and reference frames stored in the database by calculating a scale ratio along an x axis (Sx) and a difference scale ratio along a y axis (Sy) for a query signature in the first set of signatures and a reliable matching reference signature in the database, wherein the calculated scale ratios Sx and Sy indicate that the video frames of the identified first video content and the reference frames are not in alignment; responsive to calculating the scale ratios, using the detected scale ratio mapping to generate subsequent signatures for subsequent incoming video frames; and monitoring the subsequent incoming video frames for the second video content by the electronic client device to determine that the video stream has made a scene change from the first video content to the second video content.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying a change in multimedia content comprises: detecting a scene change.

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13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the program instructions to receive the text input are further executable by the at least one processor to: receive, periodically or aperiodically, the text input from a source feed.

9. A system, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory comprising program instructions, wherein the program instructions are executable by the at least one processor to: receive text input, the text input including content associated with an input source; provide the text input to a keyword suggestion tool, wherein the keyword suggestion tool generates one or more keywords based on the text input; apply a text reduction function to the text input to generate a reduced text that is a subset of the text input, wherein the text reduction function is based on a term importance score of terms in the text input; provide the reduced text to the keyword suggestion tool, wherein the keyword suggestion tool generates one or more keywords based on the reduced text, the one or more keywords generated based on the reduced text generated independently from the one or more keywords generated based on the text input; and generate a keyword set output from a combination of the one or more keywords based on the text input and the one or more keywords based on the reduced text.

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2. The method of claim 1 , wherein modifying the markup language schema to attempt to correct the one or more errors comprises: setting a current handler to a handler of a plurality of handlers, each handler to correct errors within markup language schemas; as an entry point of the method, transmitting the markup language schema to the current handler; receiving results from the current handler as to whether the current handler was able to correct any of the one or more errors within the markup language schema; and, where at least one of the one or more errors within the markup language schema remain uncorrected, and where the markup language schema has not yet been transmitted to each handler, advancing the current handler to a next handler of the plurality of handlers, and repeating the method at the entry point.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein modifying the markup language schema to attempt to correct the one or more errors further comprises: where none of the one or more errors within the markup language schema remain uncorrected, and where the markup language schema has not yet been transmitted to each handler, not advancing the current handler to a next handler of the plurality of handlers, and not repeating the method at the entry point.

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1. An implant adapted to be implanted in a spine of a patient comprising: a body including a shield with a shield cavity, the shield cavity having a first end and a second end; a deflection rod having a fixed end and a free end and a longitudinal axis, the deflection rod mounted in said shield cavity such that the fixed end is secured in the first end of the shield cavity and the free end extends out of the second end of the shield cavity; said deflection rod being spaced from said shield along a first portion of said deflection rod extending from the free end and into the shield cavity such that said first portion of said deflection rod is configured for deflection perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in response to a load applied to the free end of the deflection rod, said deflection of said first portion of said deflection rod being limited by the shield; and wherein said defection rod comprises a superelastic material.

2. The implant of claim 1 , wherein said deflection rod is spaced from said shield along said first portion of said deflection rod such that after about 0.06 inches of deflection of the free end, the deflection rod has an increased resistance to greater deflection.

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10. The system claim 9 wherein the token comprises at least one member selected from a group consisting of a word, a string, a number, and a series of numbers.

9. A ranking system comprising: a memory comprising at least one negation term; a processor comprising: a document ranking application comprising modules executable by the processor to process a plurality of documents retrieved from a data source, the document ranking application comprising: a token generation module to generate a corresponding token for each word in document data included in at least one of the plurality of documents; and a tagging module to: retrieve the at least one negation term from the memory; compare the at least one negation term to other terms included in the document data for the at least one document that are within a selected proximity of each word; assign a negative tag to the corresponding token for a particular word if the at least one negation term matches any other terms within the selected proximity of the particular word; assign a positive tag to the corresponding token for the particular word if the at least one negation term does not match any of the other terms within the selected proximity of the particular word; and store processed document data for the at least one document in a data store, the processed document data comprising document content, tokens, and the tags assigned to each of the tokens; a document data display application comprising modules executable by the processor to display document data retrieved from the data store in response to a search request, the document data display application comprising: a token analysis module to: receive the search request comprising document identification data; identify the processed document data in the data store that corresponds to the document identification data; and search the processed document data for tokens assigned the positive context tag; and a display module generates the processed document data for display with visual indicators for each word where the corresponding token is assigned the positive context tag; and an analytics application comprising modules executable by the processor to analyze the processed document data retrieved from the data store in response to another search request, the analytics application comprising: an analytics module to: receive the other search request comprising at least one of the document identification data and document preparer identification data; identify predictive document data and corresponding result documents data from the processed document data in the data store that correspond to the at least one of the document identification data and the document preparer identification data; identify corresponding tokens in the predictive document data and the corresponding result document data that correspond to the same particular word and identify the tags assigned to each of the identified corresponding tokens; assign an accuracy rating to the predictive document data based on the tags assigned to each of the identified corresponding tokens, wherein the accuracy rating has a first value when each of the identified corresponding tokens are both assigned the positive context tag, and wherein the accuracy rating has a second value when one of the identified corresponding tokens is assigned the positive context tag and another one of identified corresponding tokens is assigned the negative context tag; and store the accuracy rating for the particular predictive document in the memory.

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9. The apparatus as described in claim 8 wherein the list of role names is generated by merging one or more security constraints in the deployment descriptor together with one or more security constraints in a static security annotation.

12. The apparatus as described in claim 9 wherein the security constraints in the deployment descriptor are XML declared by an application developer.

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1. A system comprising: at least one processor; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to perform a set of operations, the set of operations comprising: receiving, as part of a conversation session, a message from a user device, wherein the conversation session is between a user of the user device and an electronic conversational agent; determining, based on the message and one or more factors associated with the conversation session, a behavior measure associated with the user; determining, based on analyzing the behavior measure in relation to one or more historical factors associated with a subset of other users of the electronic conversational agent, whether the user is exhibiting anomalous behavior; when it is determined that the user is exhibiting anomalous behavior, automatically adapting the electronic conversational agent based on the determined anomalous behavior; and continuing the conversation session based on the adapted electronic conversational agent.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the set of operations further comprises: receiving a second message from the user device; determining, based on the second message and one or more factors associated with the conversation session, a second behavior measure associated with the user; determining, based on the second behavior measure, whether the user continues to exhibit anomalous behavior; and when it is determined that the user does not exhibit anomalous behavior, adapting the electronic conversational agent to a normal state.

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12. The audio device of claim 10 , wherein the method performed by the execution of the computer executable instructions stored on the audio device further comprises: while a second song is being played over the radio channel on the device, receiving user input that requests that a digital copy of the second song be acquired; in response to the user input, determining that the user has rights to a digital copy of the second song; and in response to the determination that the user has rights to a digital copy of the second song, refraining from searching for or obtaining a digital copy of the second song.

10. An audio device storing computer executable instructions which when executed perform a method for automatically acquiring a digital copy of audio content that is being received and played on a device, the method comprising: receiving, at the audio device, user preferences for purchasing digital copies of songs, the user preferences including a minimum bitrate for the digital copies; receiving, at the audio device, a transmission comprising a satellite radio channel that carries audio content including a plurality of songs, as well as metadata of each of the plurality of songs; outputting the audio content of the satellite radio channel; while a first song of the audio content is being output, receiving user input that requests that a digital copy of the first song be acquired; analyzing the metadata of the first song to determine one or more characteristics of the first song; using the determined one or more characteristics to search plurality of audio content providers over the internet to locate a digital copy of the first song that is available to be purchased at each of the plurality of audio content providers; receiving from each of the plurality of audio content providers a price and a bitrate of a digital copy of the first song that is available to be purchased at the audio content provider; using the user preferences stored on the device to automatically determine which of the digital copies is to be purchased including selecting digital copies having a bitrate that at least equals the minimum bitrate specified by the user preferences, and selecting a least expensive digital copy from among the digital copies that have a bitrate that at least equals the minimum bitrate; and upon purchasing the automatically determined digital copy, downloading, to the device, the automatically determined digital copy from the corresponding audio content provider.

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3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 , further comprising: processing the audio data using an acoustic model to output an acoustic score corresponding to an acoustic unit; processing the acoustic score to obtain a word score corresponding to a first word in the first word sequence; determining an adjusted score for the arc using the first score and the word score; selecting a second arc outgoing from the first node to a third node in the FST, the third node corresponding to the first word, the second arc comprising a second score; and determining a second adjusted score for the second arc using the second score and the word score.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein: the language model comprises a finite state transducer (FST); the first score corresponds to an arc outgoing from a first node in the FST to a second node in the FST, the first node corresponding to the first word sequence and the second node corresponding to the second word sequence; and the first score represents a measurement of the similarity between use of the first word sequence and use of the second word sequence.

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31. The method of claim 22 , wherein no particular completion candidate is displayed in the search list unless the particular completion candidate has at least a predetermined minimum number of characters.

32. A computer-readable medium containing instructions for directing a processor unit to perform the method of claim 31 .

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20. The computer-readable storage device of claim 16 , wherein the portions of each of the plurality of sentences in the natural-language text document are phrases, wherein metadata is associated with each portion of the plurality of portions that identify a sequence of the each portion.

16. A computer-readable storage device having computer-readable program instructions stored on the computer-readable storage device, wherein the computer-readable program instructions are executed by a CPU to translate a natural-language text document, wherein the computer-readable program instructions comprise: computer-readable program instructions for receiving the natural-language text document for translation; computer-readable program instructions for dividing each of a plurality of sentences in the document into a plurality of portions based on a set of rules that specify how to divide up each of the plurality of sentences based on content of the plurality of sentences, and avoiding disclosure of any of the plurality of sentences in its entirety to a same human translator; computer-readable program instructions for translating a first portion of the portions of each of the plurality of sentences to form an initially translated first portion, using a translation engine; computer-readable program instructions for sending the portions of each of the plurality of sentences to a plurality of respective, human translators, for correction and translation, wherein none of the plurality of human translators is sent any of the plurality of sentences in its entirety for translation, wherein the computer-readable program instructions for sending the portions of each of the plurality of sentences to the plurality of respective, human translators, include computer-readable program instructions for sending the initially translated first portion along with the first portion; and computer-readable program instructions for combining the translations for the respective portions to form consolidated translations for each of the plurality of sentences in response to receiving translations from the plurality of human translators for respective portions of each of the plurality of sentences, and updating at least one model used by the translation engine based on corrections made by the human translators.

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1. A scroll display control device including a non--transitory computer readable medium which stores a program for causing a computer to execute scroll-displaying, in synchronism with reproduction of series information correlated to text information, the corresponding text information on a text display screen, said scroll display control device comprising: means which changes a scroll speed of a target text in said text display screen on the basis of a text quantity of said corresponding text information with respect to reproduction time of said series information, wherein a display area of the target text is fixed at a display reference position of the text display screen, a scroll speed calculation means which calculates said scroll speed of the target text on the basis of a time length of a series information section being reproduced, a quantity of the target text belonging to a target text section corresponding to said series information section, and text display setting information; a user instruction input means for dynamically changing the text display setting information related to the display reference position of the text display screen and the scroll method comprising a method for starting a scroll after a lapse of a predetermined time from a starting time of the target text, wherein text of a preceding text section which preceded the target text section and text of a succeeding text section which succeeds the target text section are respectively displayed in two adjacent areas across the target text section displayed at the display reference position of the text display screen, wherein the scroll speed calculation means calculates said scroll speed of the target text on the basis of the display reference position changed by the user instruction input means.

6. The scroll display control device according to claim 1 , wherein the text quantity of said corresponding text information is a total number of characters included within said corresponding text information.

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11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a file type of the document file includes one or more of Portable Document Format file (PDF), Word Document file (DOC), PowerPoint Presentation file (PPT), Excel worksheet file (XLS).

1. A method for rendering a document, the method comprising: converting a plurality of resources in a document file into a plurality of files that are native to a browser; creating a style sheet based on the document file, wherein an aggregate of the plurality of files together with the style sheet are configured to cause the browser to render an appearance of the document file; and generating, based on the document file, an invisible layer to be laid on the appearance, wherein the invisible layer enables actions to be performed on the document file.

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3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the text feature vector is formed by a series of the frequency counts obtained from the consecutive strings of pixels in the column of pixels.

1. A computer-implemented method for automatically recognizing Arabic text, comprising: acquiring a text image containing a line of Arabic characters; digitizing the line of the Arabic characters to form a two-dimensional array of pixels each associated with a pixel value expressed in a binary number, wherein the two-dimensional array of pixels comprises a plurality of rows in a first direction and a plurality of columns in a second direction; counting frequencies of consecutive pixels of a same pixel value in a string of pixels in a column of pixels, wherein adjacent strings of pixels each having different pixel values is defined by a transition in between, wherein the step of counting further comprises: stopping counting frequencies of consecutive pixels of a same pixel value in a column when number of transitions in the column reaches a predetermined cut-off transition number, wherein the predetermined cut-off transition number is obtained by statistical analysis on Arabic text prior to the step of digitizing the line of the Arabic characters; forming a text feature vector using the frequency counts obtained from the strings in the column of pixels; and feeding the text feature vector into a Hidden Markov Model to recognize the line of Arabic characters.

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13. The text searching device according to claim 8 , wherein the extracting unit and the mapping relation creating unit are configured to execute in advance of the extraction, and the text searching device is configured to: record a time to create the mapping relation.

8. A text searching device, comprising: an extracting unit configured to extract initials of words in a text to be searched, wherein extraction is performed according to a predetermined extracting rule to form an initial character string; a creating unit configured to create mapping relation between the initial character string and the text to be searched; a matching unit configured to identify an abbreviation character string, wherein the abbreviation character string represents an abbreviation of some of the words in the text to be searched, and to perform matching between the initial character string and an abbreviation character string, wherein the abbreviation character string represents an abbreviation of some of the words in the text to be searched; and a locating unit configured to determine, based on the matching, an expanded phrase corresponding to the abbreviation character string, wherein the expanded phrase includes some of the words in the text to be searched, and determine, based on the mapping relation, a location of the expanded phrase in the text to be searched.

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39. The system of claim 4 , wherein the PLA is used to designate an entity comprising at least one of a physical structure or location, a corporate entity, and an individual.

4. A system for providing informational services to a plurality of portable navigational apparatus configured to communicate via a wireless communications network, comprising: an interface for communicating with the plurality of navigational apparatus via the communications network, the interface configured for receiving a search query via the communications network from a first portable navigational apparatus, the search query comprising a proprietary location address (“PLA”) seeking to locate one or more locations of interest within a geographical area and locational information identifying the current location of the first portable navigational apparatus at the time of sending the search query; and a processor to complete a search of a central repository to identify an entity within a district of the geographical area uniquely associated with the PLA and to identify one or more locations of interest satisfying the search query received via the interface that are associated with the entity and limited in geographic scope by the locational information; wherein the interface is configured for sending a search result via the communications network to the first portable navigational apparatus, the search result comprising one or more locations associated with the entity identified by the PLA that have a relationship with the locational information.

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1. A computer-implemented method for identifying data files that have a common characteristic, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of data files including one or more data files having the common characteristic; generating a list of key terms from the plurality of data files; classifying each data file of the plurality of data files within a hierarchical structure, the hierarchical structure including upper nodes and lower nodes configured to group data files having similar characteristics, wherein a data file is classified within a lower node of the hierarchical structure based on a psychological characteristic of the classified data file, wherein the psychological characteristic indicates a psychological state of the creator of the classified data file; identifying data files from the plurality of data files having an association with a social community, the social community being a homogenous sub-group of a larger population defined by one or more features, wherein the identified data files having the association with the social community are classified within a particular node of the hierarchical structure that is defined by the one or more features; updating the list of key terms based on an analysis of the identified data files; and using the updated list of key terms to identify other data files that have the common characteristic.

27. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: receiving the plurality of data files, wherein the plurality of data files are text documents; and generating the list of key terms, the key terms being words, phrases, sentences, or symbols that are associated with the common characteristic.

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3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 2 , wherein the method further comprises generating the search query by: omitting at least one of the plurality of phrases in the search string from the search query; and omitting at least one word in the search string from the search query.

2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises identifying a plurality of phrases in the search string based on a correlation of a plurality of candidate phrases with at least one of the plurality of entries in the compilation data store.

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1. In a computing environment comprising a messaging system and one or more data sources, an apparatus for associating messages with data comprising: an association manager capable of interfacing with an electronic mail messaging system and one or more data sources, said association manager configured to obtain an electronic mail message and to create an association between one or more elements of said electronic mail message with one or more elements of data from said data sources, said association manager further configured to analyze said electronic message to determine one or more external data sources from which said one or more elements of data are to be retrieved, wherein said one or more elements of data comprise workflow data associated with an order in which activities associated with a given task are completed, and wherein said association manager is configured to facilitate workflow management by providing a context for said one or more elements of said electronic mail message and said one or more elements of data; and a user interface enabling a user to create one or more sensory cues indicative of said association of one or more elements of said electronic mail message with said one or more elements of data from said data sources.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said association manager is configured to obtain one or more descriptives from said electronic mail message and identify said one or more data sources based on said one or more descriptives.

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3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second textual distances each comprise a sum of values corresponding to intermediary textual elements between the text portion of the document corresponding to the first parameter and the text portions of the document corresponding to the second and third parameters.

1. A computer-implemented method, performed on a computer system having one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs for execution by the one or more processors, the method comprising: identifying, in a document, a first parameter of an event, a second parameter complementary to the first parameter, and a third parameter complementary to the first parameter, each of the first parameter, the second parameter, and the third parameter corresponding to a distinct text portion of the document; determining a first textual distance of the second parameter from the first parameter within the document, the determining the first textual distance including assigning a first value to words between the first parameter and the second parameter, a second value to separator textual elements between the first parameter and the second parameter, and a third value to joiner textual elements between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first value, second value, and third value being different from each other; determining a second textual distance of the third parameter from the first parameter within the document, the determining the second textual distance including assigning the first value to words between the first parameter and the third parameter, the second value to separator textual elements between the first parameter and the third parameter, and the third value to joiner textual elements between the first parameter and the third parameter; selecting either the second parameter or the third parameter as a complementary parameter based on which of the first textual distance and the second textual distance is shorter; embedding in the document an event creation link containing event information corresponding to at least the first parameter and the complementary parameter; and providing for display, the document, the document including the embedded event creation link.

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8. A system, comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memory devices coupled to the one or more processors, the one or more memory devices storing machine readable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: receive programmer input in a programming language, the programmer input including (i) a built-in function of the programming language, the built-in function corresponding to generation of electronic objects that map natural language input to one or more electronic outputs, (ii) first specification data defining a grammar corresponding to natural language associated with one or more electronic outputs to be generated, the one or more electronic outputs for controlling an electronically controllable machine, and (iii) second specification data defining a mapping between the grammar and the one or more electronic outputs to be generated, wherein the programming language includes (i) the built-in function corresponding to generation of electronic objects that map natural language input to one or more electronic outputs and (ii) at least one other built-in function unrelated to natural language processing, the at least one other built-in function including one or more of (a) a built-in function corresponding to generating displays, (b) a built-in function corresponding to deploying electronic objects to a network accessible memory, and (c) a built-in function corresponding to generation of electronic forms, and generate an electronic object using the first specification data and the second specification data, the electronic object configured to, when executed by the one or more processors or one or more other processors, cause the one or more processors, or the one or more other processors, to map received natural language input to the one or more electronic outputs to facilitate controlling the electronically controllable machine with natural language statements.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first specification data specifies grammar rules corresponding to a context-free grammar.

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5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the topic model framework uses the set of sections as a set of documents, uses each function of the distribution of functions as a topic, and uses the mobility patterns as words.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the topic model framework stores a point of interest (POI) feature vector associated with the POIs in each section as metadata.

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32. A method of making a third digital map C from a first digital map A and a second digital map B, maps A and B including 0-cells, 1-cells and 2-cells, the 0-cells, 1-cells and 2 cells having associated attributes, the method comprising the steps of: creating an initial version of map C by in, porting into map C 0-cells, 1-cells and 2-cells present in map A together with the associated attributes; creating chains of 1-cells of map A such that each chain includes 1-cells having a similar attribute; creating chains of 1-cells of map B such that each chain includes 1-cells having a similar attribute; matching said chains of 1-cells of map A with said chains of 1-cells of map B; importing non-interfering unmatched 1-cells from map B into map C; importing attributes of matched 1-cells and non-interfering unmatched 1-cells from map B into map C according to user supplied criteria; and importing attributes for 2-cells from map B to map C according to said user supplied criteria.

34. A method according to claim 32, wherein the step of creating chains of 1-cells of map A comprises the steps of: starting with a first 1-cell of map A to create a first chain; adding to said first chain a second 1-cell that has suitable attributes and is connected to a first end of said first 1-cell via a 0-cell; and continuing to add additional 1-cells to said first chain until no more 1 cells remain with suitable attributes and connections, each of said added additional 1-cells having suitable attributes and being connected to an end of a 1-cell previously added to said first chain.

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1. A method executed by a printing device for producing a print job, wherein the printing device includes an input tray for holding printing sheets and an insert sheet tray for holding insert sheets, the method comprising: (a) receiving data representing a document to be printed in the print job; (b) receiving job information about the print job, the job information including an instruction to print multiple copies of the document; (c) printing the requested multiple copies of the document using the printing sheets from the input tray; (d) determining whether insert sheets are available in the insert sheet tray; (e) if insert sheets are available in the insert sheet tray, inserting insert sheets from the insert sheet tray between printed copies of the document; and (f) if insert sheets are unavailable in the insert sheet tray, printing one or more simulated insert sheets using the printing sheets from the input tray as a substitute and inserting them between printed copies of the document.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the simulated insert sheets and the copies of the document are printed using paper from the same paper tray of the printing device.

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1. A computer implemented method comprising: determining a plurality of preferences regarding a plurality of font size characteristics of a sample text, wherein the plurality of preferences comprises a preferred height, a preferred weight, and a preferred condensation; receiving a request to view an electronic document having text in a given font; adjusting, by at least one processor, an initial zoom level of the text of the electronic document to a first zoom level based on the preferred height; adjusting, by the at least one processor, the first zoom level of the text to a second zoom level based on the preferred weight; adjusting, by the at least one processor, the second zoom level to a final zoom level based on the preferred condensation; and displaying text of the electronic document in the given font at the final zoom level based on the plurality of preferences.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the initial zoom level of the text of the electronic document to the first zoom level comprises: determining a primary text in the electronic document; measuring a height of the primary text at 100% zoom level; and calculating the first zoom level such that the height of the primary text matches the preferred height in the plurality of preferences.

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2. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1 , further comprising: defining, by using at least one of the variant forms, at least one syntactic structure, that includes one of the plurality of glossary items, for each of at least one semantic classes; and searching, in at least one of the at least one information source and the second information source, for the at least one of the variant forms of the syntactic structure of the semantic class.

1. A computer-implemented method for creating a glossary, the method comprising: identifying, in at least one information source, a plurality of glossary items, each of the glossary items identifying a part or a component; identifying a set of glossary items within the plurality of glossary items that comprises a common concept; selecting one of the glossary items in the set of glossary items as a canonical form for the set of glossary items, the canonical form being a most common way of representing the common concept; designating each of the other glossary items in the set of glossary items as a variant glossary item with a variant form that varies from the canonical form; defining, by using the canonical form, at least one syntactic structure for each of at least one semantic classes, the at least one syntactic structure including one of the plurality of glossary items; and searching, by a processor in at least one of the at least one information source and a second information source, for the at least one syntactic structure of the semantic class.

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12. The method as in claim 11 wherein the handheld computing device is a cellphone; and the buttons are cellphone buttons.

11. The method as in claim 2 wherein: the method is performed by software running on a handheld computing device, wherein the computer is a handheld computing device; and the non-acoustic input is the pressing of a button that is either a hardware button or a software created GUI button.

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6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising associating the determined score with the review.

1. A method comprising: receiving a review at a computer device through a network, wherein the review was generated by an author; receiving metadata associated with the author at the computer device through the network, wherein the metadata includes an average score given to reviews generated by the author and an average score given to reviews generated by authors who the author has provided an indicator of trust to, wherein the average score given to the reviews generated by the author is based on scores given to reviews generated by the author, wherein each score given to a review generated by the author is given by an author or user who is not the author of the review; determining a feature vector for the review based on the text of the review by the computer device; and determining a score for the review based on the determined feature vector and the metadata associated with the author by the computer device, wherein determining the score for the review comprises: determining the score for the review using the feature vector and a review scoring model; and applying a co-citation constraint to the score for the review by skewing the score for the review towards an average score given to reviews generated by authors who have provided an indicator of trust to the authors who the author has also provided an indicator of trust.

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5. A computer program product for generating a business process model project, the computer program product comprising: one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices, the program instructions comprising: program instructions to receive a data file comprising text descriptive of a business process; program instructions to search a sentence in the text for a keyword indicating a type of a business process model artifact, wherein a name of the business process model artifact exists in the sentence; in response to identifying the keyword, the computer identifying the name of the business process model artifact by parsing the sentence according to a predefined search pattern; program instructions to add the name of the business process model artifact and the type of the business process model artifact to a business process model artifact list; and program instructions to generate a business process model project shell based in part on the business process model artifact list.

6. The computer program product of claim 5 , wherein the type of business process model artifact comprises one of activity artifact, decision artifact, and resource artifact.

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16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the raw encoded text is defined as a single text chunk.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein, if there is a plurality of highest scores in a predetermined range, the method includes: reading a further input portion of the text chunk, the further input portion having a second predetermined size which is greater than the first predetermined size; processing the further input portion to generate a set of n-grams; for the plurality of dictionaries that each contain known n-grams in a respective language and character encoding protocol combination, tallying matches between the generated set of n-grams and the known n-grams thereby to define a score for each of the plurality of dictionaries; normalizing scores of the plurality of dictionaries; and identifying a likely language and character encoding protocol combination based on the relative scores.

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19. The system of claim 18 , wherein selecting the first word usage sense from the plurality of word usage senses associated with the first search term, comprises: for each of the plurality of word usage senses: determining a plurality of lexical component scores by applying a plurality of lexical analysis techniques using a respective word usage sense and a context window of words surrounding the first search term, applying a weighting factor to each lexical component score, and adding the lexical component scores to determine a total score for a respective word usage sense; and selecting the word usage sense with a highest total score as the first word usage sense.

21. The system of claim 19 , wherein one of the lexical analysis techniques comprises calculating a value based upon how often one of the respective word usage senses is used in a language, relative to other word usage senses of the plurality.

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8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the program identifier includes date information.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the invalid element includes a program identifier to identity the invalid information in the previously received lower fragment.

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21. The system of claim 16 , wherein the tangible computer readable medium further stores instructions that when executed by one or more of the processors cause the system to modify the aggregate score by combining it with a previously determined aggregate score.

22. The system of claim 21 , wherein the combination of the aggregate score and the previously determined aggregate score is accomplished by a linear combination of the aggregate score and the previously determined aggregate score.

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13. A method for recording verbal expressions of a person implemented in a concatenative speech synthesis system for use in a vehicle navigation system having a database including a map and text describing street names and points of interest of the map, the method comprising the following steps of: designing a system with syllable-in-context constructs where all syllables of a language are represented, and if a syllable is bounded by vowel on either side, a phonetic context of the vowel is encoded; creating a database of text phrases in which each text phrase is represented as a sequence of syllable-in-context constructs; using a proprietary method to sort all of the text phrases based on numbers of new syllable-in-context constructs that each of the text phrases contains; displaying selected phrases one at a time through a proprietary speech recording software program for a voice talent in order to produce speech data of the selected phrases; and recording the verbal expression one text phrase at a time while checking a speech signal to be within a predetermined normal range so that it is not clipped or distorted at either side; wherein the syllable includes a regular syllable having exactly one vowel preceded and/or followed by any number of consonants, and a super-syllable having two or more syllables with a vowel hiatus across a syllable boundary.

14. The method for recording verbal expressions of claim 13 , further comprises a step of comparing an amplitude of the recorded verbal expression of each phrase to a predefined amplitude range to determine if the amplitude is within the predefined amplitude range.

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11. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, comprising instructions, wherein responsive to executing the instructions, a processor performs operations comprising: comparing audio segments matched to a textual phrase in closed captioning from a video content stream to a baseline audio pronunciation, wherein the baseline audio pronunciation is selected from a speech recognition library and is associated with the textual phrase in the speech recognition library, wherein the speech recognition library comprises the baseline audio pronunciation and collected audio pronunciations of the textual phrase; identifying one of the audio segments having a pronunciation that differs from the baseline audio pronunciation of the textual phrase as an identified audio segment of the textual phrase; generating a phonetic transcription of the pronunciation of the identified audio segment from close captioning data of the video content stream; and adding the phonetic transcription of the pronunciation of the identified audio segment to the speech recognition library to the collected audio pronunciations of the textual phrase to populate the speech recognition library.

12. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium described in claim 11 , wherein the operations comprise receiving the textual phrase from an electronic program guide, wherein the collected audio pronunciations of the textual phrase are generated by recording user input of the textual phrase.

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8. The method of claim 3 , further comprising: calculating a FunctionScore(f,u) between (a) each of a possible pair of nodes within the plurality of sponsored search results and the one or more organic search results and (b) the value of each operator (f); calculating a clustering score for each of the plurality of sponsored search results by summing each function score from each operator as weighted by a scalar that normalizes the value of each operator to that of at least one other operator; and generating a new ranking score for each sponsored search result based on their respective clustering scores and rankings, wherein the new ranking scores are used to re-rank the plurality of sponsored search results.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein re-ranking comprises moving a sponsored search result to a higher-ranked position ahead a second sponsored result when the sponsored search result has a higher clustering score then the clustering score of the second sponsored result.

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1. A method comprising: detecting, by a system including a processor, input incompatible with an original script for an interactive communication over a communication network, wherein the detecting is performed during the interactive communication; modifying, by the system, the original script during the interactive communication into a dynamically updated script different from the original script in accordance with a type of the incompatible input; and providing, by the system over the communication network, information to a device participating in the interactive communication in accordance with the dynamically updated script, wherein at least a portion of a remainder of the interactive communication is conducted in accordance with the dynamically updated script.

16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: aggregating errors from the interactive communication with errors in other interactive communications that start with a same script.

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1. A method of operation in a content delivery platform including at least one processor-based component having at least one nontransitory processor-readable medium communicatively coupled to the processor and which stores at least one of processor-executable instructions or data, the method comprising: for each presentation of each of a plurality of narratives to a user, an entirety each narrative comprised of a set of a plurality of narrative segments, at least two of the narrative segments of each of the narratives having a distinct temporal order within a time sequence of events of the respective narrative: causing, by the at least one processor-based component, a successive presentation of ones of the narrative segments of the respective narrative to the user; and preventing, by the at least one processor-based component, the presentation of entirety of the respective narrative to the user before all of the narrative segments of the respective narrative have been presented to the user at least until an occurrence of at least one social media sharing action.

13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: in response to the occurrence of the at least one social media sharing action, providing the user access to a perspective of at least character in the narrative which perspective was not previously presented to the user.

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5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein computer-implemented method further includes receiving the document in response to a third application programming interface that specifies the document identifier corresponding to the document.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: receiving user input corresponding to operations on a document, the one or more operations causing a change to an overlay of the document, the overlay containing user annotations to the document; transmitting an application programming interface call to upload the overlay for the document having an identifier specified in the application programming interface call; receiving, from a document management and collaboration system, a second document identifier corresponding to a version of the document which corresponds to the overlay; receiving a request for collaboration on the document; obtaining the document and the overlay by transmitting a second application programming interface call that specifies the second document identifier; and transmitting the obtained document and the overlay to one or more collaborators for collaboration.

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8. A multilevel semiotic and fuzzy logic user and metadata interface apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein said electronic address corresponds to a Short Message Service, a Multimedia Message Service or other fixed and mobile communication address addressable by fixed and portable AV and text communication means.

9. A multilevel semiotic and fuzzy logic user and metadata interface apparatus means according to claim 8 , wherein said other fixed and mobile communication address is an e-mail or a URL.

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20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the relevance function tuner is configured to adjust the σ parameter and to repeat the determination of values for the coefficients of the relevance function if the relevance function does not satisfy the test by the relevance function tester.

19. The system of claim 18 , further comprising: a relevance function tester configured to test the relevance function having the values for the one or more coefficients determined by the relevance function tuner.

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1. A method for processing rich text data, comprising: identifying plain text and rich text attributes from the rich text data, wherein the rich text attributes specify richness features of the plain text; generating a first legacy data record comprising the plain text; generating a second legacy data record comprising the rich text attributes; compressing the second legacy data record; and storing the first legacy data record and the compressed second legacy data record in a legacy data repository of a data storage system, wherein the compressed second legacy data record is prefixed by a token, wherein the token includes a unique string of characters recognizable by a user and by an application capable of applying the rich text attributes to the plain text to present the rich text data, and wherein the first legacy data record is separate from the second legacy data record so that the plain text appears without rich text, the plain text appearing in one or more plain text lines and the rich text appearing in one or more rich text lines prefixed by the token.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the richness features of the rich text data comprise at least one of text font, text size, text color, text style, and emphasis characteristics.

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10. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising: displaying a translated word candidate for a word included in the original text on the basis of user input.

7. A method for interactive machine translation, in which a machine translation device translates an original text into a translation on the basis of interaction with a user, the method comprising: analyzing morphemes and sentences of the original text to generate original text analysis information; generating the translation and translation generation information on the basis of the original text analysis information; displaying sentence structures of the original text and the translation, and a corresponding relationship between the original text and the translation to the user on the basis of the original text analysis information and the translation generation information; and regenerating the original text, original text analysis information, the translation or translation generation information on the basis of user's corrections to the original text, the translation, the sentence structures of the original text and the translation, or the corresponding relationship between the original text and the translation from the user, the method further comprising: determining an inferred erroneous part of the original text and the translation on the basis of the original text analysis information and the translation generation information; and displaying the inferred erroneous part of the original text and the translation to the user, wherein the displaying the sentence structures of the original text and the translation, and the corresponding relationship between the original text and the translation to the user comprises: displaying corresponding parts between the original text and the translation to the user in response to user input; and changing a color or font of letters of the corresponding parts between the original text and the translation on the basis of the user input.

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47. The search server of claim 40 further comprising: logic executed by the processor for obtaining targeted information about the thing; and, logic executed by the processor for communicating the targeted information for display by the user computing device.

49. The search server of claim 47 , the targeted information being displayed only when the relative popularity score exceeds a given threshold.

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8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: (d) pairing the output file with an application, said application configured to display the smart file as fixed-layout pages on the device display without computing the arrangement of content.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein in step (d) the application encapsulates the output file with all content contained within.

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1. A method comprising: receiving at a signing device an electronic document provided by a source device; preventing alterations to the electronic document presented to a user using the signing device; identifying a signature document including a digital image embedded with a digital watermark, wherein the digital watermark is an image that represents a watermark and overlays at a least a portion of the digital image and embeds in the signature document, independent of any private key of a user, a one-way hash calculated using the electronic document; in connection with presenting the signature document including the watermark image applied to the digital image, receiving an electronic handwritten signature from the user; altering an appearance of at least the digital image based, at least in part, on the electronic handwritten signature; associating the electronic document with the altered signature document as a signed electronic document; and transmitting the signed electronic document for verification, wherein the signed electronic document is verified by at least comparing the embedded one-way hash to a one-way hash computed from the electronic document during verification.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein preventing alterations to the electronic document comprises using a limited functionality signing device and one or more security features of the device.

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5. The method of claim 1 , wherein wherein the spoken language rule descriptions are contained in at least one document selected from a group consisting of: an HTML document, a PDF document, and an XML document.

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: scanning first unstructured data defining the message formats messages for messages that conform to a particular standard; scanning second unstructured data defining semantic validation rules to be applied to validate the messages and including spoken language rule descriptions; parsing the spoken language rule descriptions to identify keywords in the spoken language rule descriptions; converting the spoken language rule descriptions into at least one rule library function; and storing, into a database and as database entries: first structured data corresponding to the first unstructured data defining the message formats and second structured data corresponding to the second unstructured data defining the semantic validation rules, wherein the first and second structured data are configured to be processed to automatically generate a map comprising message formats and sematic validation rules for use in generating messages that conform to the particular standard and validating the messages.

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12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the identified the structure candidate comprises semi-automatic segmentation of wall-attached lung nodules.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the image data comprises three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) data and the identified structure candidate is indicative of a lung nodule.

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6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one common characteristic comprises at least one of the following: a common organization association, a common demographic characteristic, a common spoken language, and a common geographic home area.

5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising grouping the plurality of users according to at least one common characteristic shared among the plurality of users.

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2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising provisioning the selected natural interaction forum to those learners that have been assigned the natural interaction assignment.

1. A method implemented on a computing device having a processor for designing an academic course, comprising: using the computing device having the processor to perform the following: selecting a natural interaction forum; attaching a rubric to the selected natural interaction forum, wherein the rubric is a template used for assessing the learner's knowledge of the topic; assigning to the learner a natural interaction assignment in the selected natural interaction forum to assess the learner's knowledge of the topic; creating tags for the learner's posts in the natural interaction forum that matches information in the learner's posts to topics in the rubric; assessing the learner's knowledge of the topic with the natural interaction assignment to generate assessment results based at least in part on the created tags for the learner's posts; and computing a final score of the learner on the natural interaction assignment from the assessment results.

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2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the searchable best fit abstraction engine further comprises in the set of instructions: instructions to receive a search query indicating at least one service requirement; instructions to map each of the at least one service requirement to a set of one or more requirement abstraction; instructions to identify one or more inventory class objects, from a pool of inventory class objects, each of the one or more inventory class objects having a respective set of service abstractions satisfying the set of one or more requirement abstractions; instructions to identify one or more matching network resources for each of the one or more inventory class objects and fitting each respective set of service abstractions; instructions to identify based on the one or more matching network resources of the at least one inventory class object, at least one service offering utilizing the one or more matching network resources, satisfying the at least one service requirement; and instructions to receive, via the customer facing interface, a selection of at least one selected service offering of the identified at least one service offering from the customer, wherein the at least one selected service offering is provisioned to a customer premises of the customer.

1. A system for a searchable best fit abstraction framework comprising: a network having one or more network resources; a network inventory server programmed to generate a network inventory of the one or more network resources on the network; a searchable best fit abstraction engine in communication with the network inventory server, the searchable best fit abstraction engine comprising: at least one processor; a non-transitory computer readable media having encoded thereon computer software comprising a set of instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform one or more operations, the set of instructions comprising: instructions to retrieve, from the network inventory server, the network inventory of the one or more network resources; instructions to instantiate an inventory class object for at least one network resource of the one or more network resources, wherein the inventory class object includes a set of service abstractions; instructions to define the set of service abstractions, wherein the set of service abstractions includes at least one of properties, interfaces, capabilities, and requirements; instructions to provide a customer facing interface allowing a customer to identify service offerings available to the customer satisfying at least one service requirement; instructions to provide a service provider facing interface allowing a provider to define a service offering based on a service template; and instructions to provision at least one service offering satisfying the service requirement or defined by the service template.

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3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the document comprises multiple copies of the encrypted portion, wherein each copy of the multiple copies is encrypted with a different encryption key, wherein said decrypting the encrypted portion comprises permanently decrypting the encrypted portion resulting in the decrypted portion being permitted to be edited, and wherein the method further comprises: in response to said ascertaining, removing from the document each copy of the multiple copies of the encrypted portion such that only plain text of the decrypted portion is retained in the document.

1. A method for selective decryption within an encrypted document, said method comprising: detecting an encrypted portion of a document, said encrypted portion having been selected and marked for decryption, said encrypted portion being an encryption of a text portion of the document, said text portion comprising a known character string that had been added to the text portion prior to the text portion being encrypted; receiving a selection of a valid key configured to decrypt the encrypted portion; ascertaining that an attempt to convert the encrypted portion into a decrypted portion of the document by decrypting the encrypted portion using the valid key was successful, said ascertaining comprising determining that the decrypted portion includes the known character string; in response to said ascertaining, removing the known character string from the decrypted portion; and after said removing the known character string, displaying the encrypted portion.

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14. The one or more storage devices of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of classifications comprise a plurality of attribute categories or a plurality of geographical locations.

8. One or more storage devices storing executable instructions that, when executed by one or more computers, instruct the one or more computers to perform acts comprising: obtaining a plurality of search results for a query based on first relevance scores; classifying the plurality of search results into a plurality of classifications; generating second relevance scores for the plurality of search results based on respective rankings of the plurality of search results in corresponding classifications of the plurality of classifications; and ranking the plurality of search results based on the first relevance scores and the second relevance scores.

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40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein said synchronization classes further comprise methods for enabling said application to perform a broadcast operation on a specified blocking condition when said application has acquired said monitor lock, said broadcast operation unblocking all of said threads of execution that are blocked on said specified blocking condition.

39. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein said synchronization classes define a monitor lock for use in synchronizing said thread of execution, said synchronization classes comprising methods for enabling said application to acquire and release said monitor lock, and to block on a specified condition once said monitor lock is acquired, said application releasing said monitor lock when said application blocks on said specified condition, and after said application is unblocked, due to satisfaction of said specified condition, said application reacquiring said monitor lock before resuming execution.

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1. A computer-implemented method in an attribute-based access control policy (ABAC) transformer of transforming an ABAC policy to facilitate evaluation in a policy decision point (PDP) of an access request against the ABAC policy, wherein the PDP is communicatively coupled over a communication link to at least one remote attribute source (RAS), and wherein the ABAC policy comprises hierarchically ordered functional expressions, one or more of the functional expressions having at least one other functional expression and/or at least one attribute as a subordinate, the value of each attribute being either locally available at the PDP or remotely available in response to a query submitted from the PDP to one of said at least one RAS, the method comprising: a processor in the ABAC policy transformer identifying, in the ABAC policy, a first functional expression comprising at least one mathematical operator; the processor in the ABAC policy transformer forming, on the basis of a sub-hierarchy having said first functional expression as its hierarch, a remote query intended for a first RAS in such manner that output data from execution of the remote query correspond to the outcome of an evaluation of the first functional expression; and the processor in the ABAC policy transformer transforming the ABAC policy by replacing the sub-hierarchy by a second functional expression representing the remote query.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein: the second functional expression represents a remote query returning output data in conformity with a standard data type; and the transformed policy further comprises a third functional expression, to which the second functional expression is subordinate, which third functional expression is configured to receive the output data from execution of the remote query and to output, based thereon, a value in conformity with an ABAC-specific data type.

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1. A system for converting visual illustrations on paper and associated magnetic media retained text and tabulation typesetting data of a printed publication of articles, into universally outputable digital data form retained in master memory, comprising: graphics locator means for determining the insertion locations referenced within said text and tabulations typesetting data representing the positioning of said visual illustrations; scanning means for converting said visual illustrations to digital graphic data; means for generating graphic property data representing the graphics size characteristics of said digital graphic data; means for providing font size data for the text characters represented by said text typesetting data; means for providing font image defining data; formatting means responsive to said insertion location, said text typesetting data, said graphic property data and said font size data for generating device independent formatted page files; and mastering means responsive to said digital graphic data, said device independent formatted page files, and said font image defining data for deriving said universally outputable digital data retained within said master memory.

11. The system of claim 1 including: equation identifier means responsive to said text and tabulations typesetting data for deriving a separate equation file corresponding therewith; said formatting means is responsive to said equation file for deriving a device independent formatted equation file; including equation readout means responsive to said device independent formatted equation file for deriving a visually inspectable equation check readout corresponding therewith; change means responsive to applied corrections derive by visual inspection of said equation check readout for correctively effecting alteration of said equation file; and graphics readout means responsive to said graphics locator means insertion locations, said scanning means digital graphic data and said graphic property data for deriving a visually inspectable graphics check readout corresponding therewith.

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1. A computer implemented method of recommending products and services comprising the digital processing steps of: processing a plurality of web-based user profiles generated by users to extract keywords; identifying which keywords commonly occur together in at least a portion of the plurality of web-based user profiles including: weighing the importance of an identified keyword to a subject user profile, where weighing the importance of an identified keyword to a subject user profile further includes increasing the importance proportionally to the number of times the identified keyword appears in the subject user profile offset by the frequency the identified keyword appears in the corpus of user profiles; and determining a percentage of co-occurrence for the identified keyword using a correlation index; and expanding keywords associated with a query with additional keywords, where the additional keywords are determined using one or more of the identified co-occurring keywords that commonly occur together in at least a portion of the plurality of web-based user profiles.

12. A computer implemented method as in claim 1 wherein the query includes the keywords to be expanded, where the keywords to be expanded describe targeting criteria for an advertisement.

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1. A method for preserving data associated with a document fragment of a source document to be deleted, comprising: (a) determining if the source document to be deleted includes a document fragment referenced by a fragment object located in an object repository, the document fragment including content data, the fragment object being referenced by a referencing document so as to provide the content data from the document fragment to the referencing document, the fragment object including a first set of data corresponding to the document fragment of the document to be; (b) replacing, in the fragment object, the first set of data corresponding to the document fragment of the source document to be deleted with the content data of the document fragment of the source document to be deleted when the source document to be deleted is determined to include the document fragment referenced by the fragment object; and (c) deleting the source document to be deleted after the first set of data, in the fragment object, corresponding to the document fragment of the source document to be deleted is replaced with the content data of the document fragment of the source document to be deleted.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the determination of the source document to be deleted includes the document fragment referenced by the fragment object determines whether the fragment object contains a reference to the document fragment within the source document to be deleted.

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13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform operations comprising: receiving a user request, the user request including at least a speech input and seeks an informational answer or performance of a task, wherein: the user request is associated with a detected failure to provide a satisfactory response to the user request; and one or more crowd sourcing information sources relevant to the user request are queried in response to detecting the failure to provide a satisfactory response to the user request; and generating a response to the user request based on the one or more answers obtained from querying the one or more crowd sourcing information sources.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 , wherein the operations further comprise: prior to the one or more crowd sourcing information sources being queried: requesting user permission to send the information contained in the user request to the one or more crowd sourcing information sources; and receiving user permission to send the information contained in the user request to the one or more crowd sourcing information sources.

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11. A method for indexing a product identifier and logical parts thereof, comprising: receiving a product identifier; splitting the product identifier into logical parts; storing the product identifiers and logical parts into a document; indexing the product identifier and the individual logical parts in an index; and storing the index, wherein different weights are assigned to separate fields based on the field types such as product identifier or logical parts of the product identifier field, wherein the fields and weights are encoded to word positions in the document, wherein the weights affect a score generated upon performing a query using the index.

14. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein if the product identifier comprises multiple logical parts separated by a space, further comprising indexing at least some of the logical parts as a single consecutive character string.

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18. The medium of claim 10 , wherein each of the intermediate training records comprises a value for each distinct category in the initial training data.

10. A computer storage medium encoded with computer program instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising: receiving initial training data, the initial training data comprising initial training records, each initial training record identifying input data as input and a category as output; generating a trained predictive model using the a first subset of initial training data and a training function; generating intermediate training records including inputting input data of a second subset of the initial training records to the trained predictive model, each intermediate training record having a score; and generating a score normalization model using a score normalization training function and the intermediate training records.

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2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising: selecting one of the clinically relevant diagnosis from the specific diagnosis set; and entering the selected diagnosis into an electronic patient medical record.

3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the clinically relevant diagnoses are selected from a recognized standardized medical reference of clinically relevant diagnoses.

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4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the end of said first block of information and the beginning of said next successive blocks of information comprises determining the presence of a punctuation mark between two adjacent characters.

1. A method for facilitating the automatic recognition of optically scanned and read characters from within separate sequentially scanned blocks of written information, said method comprising the steps of: predetermining the classification of a first block of written information and a next successive block of written information of said separate sequentially scanned blocks according to the types of information contained therein; optically and sequentially scanning said separate blocks of information and generating a representative output signal for each of said characters; retrievally storing said output signals; reading each of the stored output signals in the order scanned and determining the end of said first block of information and the beginning of said next successive block of information; classifying each of the read output signals of said first block in accordance with the predetermined classification of said first block; and processing the output signals of said first block by a character recognition circuit for identifying the characters within said first block.

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16. The method of claim 15 , wherein employing the candidate torque normalization ratio to determine the candidate engine torque based upon said minimum and maximum permissible engine torques comprises employing the candidate torque normalization ratio to interpolate between the minimum and maximum permissible engine torques to determine the candidate engine torque.

15. A method for operating a powertrain system including a multi-mode transmission configured to transfer torque among an engine, torque machines, and a driveline, the method comprising: executing a search to determine a preferred engine operating point for operating the powertrain system in a transmission range in response to an output torque request, said search comprising: determining an input speed range to the transmission; for each of a plurality of candidate engine speeds within the input speed range and each of a plurality of candidate torque normalization ratios wherein the candidate torque normalization ratios for the candidate engine speed include a normalized engine torque at 0.0 corresponding to a minimum permissible engine torque for the candidate engine speed and a normalized engine torque at 1.0 corresponding to a maximum permissible engine torque for the candidate engine speed: determining the minimum and maximum permissible engine torques subject to constraints associated with the candidate engine speed, employing the candidate torque normalization ratio to determine a candidate engine torque based upon said minimum and maximum permissible engine torques, and determining a candidate power cost associated with operating the powertrain system at the candidate engine torque; determining a preferred engine speed comprising the candidate engine speed corresponding to the one of the candidate engine torques associated with a minimum of the candidate power costs; and controlling engine operation responsive to the preferred engine speed.

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10. A method for remotely configuring a data access server in a system including a configuration editor and a configurable process control data access server and a server agent located remotely from the configuration editor on a computing node, the server agent being capable of identifying process control data access servers currently residing on the computing node, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, by the configuration editor from the server agent, a notification regarding data access servers presently residing on the computing node, including the configurable process control data access server; obtaining, by the configuration editor after receiving the notification, configuration information relating to the configurable process control data access server, the configuration information including: a configuration data set comprising data access server parameter values, and a rules data set comprising rules that guide processing the configuration data set; and providing access, by the configuration editor, to the configuration data set in accordance with the rules of the rules data set.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of: requesting, from the server agent, identification of process control data access servers presently residing on the computing node.

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12. The computing device of claim 11 , wherein the second linguistic unit comprises a phoneme, diphone, triphone, syllable, or word.

11. A computing device, comprising: a processor; a memory device including instructions operable to be executed by the processor to perform a set of actions, configuring the processor: to receive text data; to determine a sequence of linguistic units corresponding to the text data, the sequence of linguistic units comprising a first linguistic unit and a second linguistic unit; to generate a representation of the first linguistic unit using a model for the first linguistic unit and a first parametric speech synthesis technique, wherein the first parametric speech synthesis technique comprises synthesizing speech using a computerized voice generator; to retrieve a pre-recorded speech unit for the second linguistic unit from a unit selection database, wherein the pre-recorded speech unit comprises recorded speech configured with acoustic properties consistent with speech generated by the first parametric speech synthesis technique; to concatenate the representation of the first linguistic unit and the pre-recorded speech unit for the second linguistic unit to generate audio data; and to cause audio corresponding to the audio data to be output using an audio speaker.

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1. A method of generating a text sentence in a target language different in a source language, based on one or more words in the source language input as keywords, the method comprising: an input step in which one or more keywords in the source language are input via an input means without inputting a full text sentence in the source language, the one or more keywords being a segment of the full text sentence in the source language; a sentence pair extraction step in which a sentence pair extraction means extracts one or more sentence pairs each including more than one of the keywords from a parallel corpus database including partial correspondence information indicating correspondence between a word/phrase in the source language and a word/phrase in the target language in each sentence pair; a keyword-related phrase storage step in which a target-language keyword-related phrase corresponding to each source-language keyword-related phrase is detected from the partial correspondence information of each sentence pair and stored as a pair of keyword-related phrases in the source language and in the target language in the form of a keyword-related phrase table in a storage means; a text sentence candidate generation step in which a text candidate generation means performs dependency relationships of each keyword-related phrase in the source language and in the target language of the pair of keyword-related phrases assumes dependency relationships among keyword-related phrases in the target language described in the keyword-related phrase table and generates one or more target-language text sentence candidates by using a target language keyword-related phrase generation model and a language model by assuming dependency relationships of two or more pairs of keyword-related phrases; and an output step in which at least one text sentence candidate is output from an output means corresponding to the full text sentence in the source language.

11. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, after the text sentence candidate generation step, an evaluation step in which an evaluation means evaluates a score for each text sentence candidate, wherein in the output step, at least one text sentence candidate with a score greater than a predetermined threshold, or as many text candidates with highest scores as a predetermined number N are selected based on the evaluation and the selected text sentence candidate is output.

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18. A system configured to provide semantic cache cloud services to connected devices, the system comprising: a semantic cache service configured to be executed by one or more servers, wherein the semantic cache service includes: a semantic cache proxy service executed by the one or more servers and configured to one or more of register, identify, locate, track, and manage security of the connected devices' and/or connected device applications' metadata projection into a semantic cloud, wherein the semantic cache proxy service is configured to automatically register semantic objects representing semantic devices and semantic device applications into a public cached namespace, a private shadow namespace that is a shadow copy of the public cached names ace and an activated private Q-context namespace that is a secure namespace, opaque to users, wherein: the private shadow namespace includes each of the semantic objects automatically instrumented by a time, a location, and a context, and the activated private Q-context namespace includes a Q-context that defines Q-context assertions, queries, and rules relevant to each of the instrumented semantic objects; a semantic cache interlock service executed by the one or more servers and configured to coordinate and synchronize the semantic objects within a semantic object plexus that represents cooperating connected devices and connected device applications by applying the Q-context assertions, the queries, and the rules defined via Q-context processing for an interlock; a semantic cache transform service executed by the one or more servers and configured to provide transactional object transformations within and between interlocked semantic objects and/or semantic plexii; and at least one policy configured to govern the semantic cache service to cache, control, and manage at least one reachable resource, wherein the semantic objects are registered into one or more namespaces and the one or more namespaces represent the at least one reachable resource; and a cloud service configured to be executed by an operator, wherein the operator is configured to: transparently install replicated semantic cache clusters as part of a public or private cloud; and bundle and subscribe to the semantic cache services available via third party cloud service operators.

20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the the public cached namespace represents reachable semantic web linked data resources and the reachable semantic web linked data resources are cached, controlled, and managed via policies governing the semantic cache service upon being accessed.

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6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the operating context specified in the first enabler includes one or more of: a particular document, a particular type of document, a particular data set, a particular type of data set, a particular computer, a particular set of computers, a particular user, a particular set of users, a particular session, a particular number of sessions, a particular time period, a particular content provider, and a particular document in a particular state.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the particular state of the particular document is defined by a user.

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9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising: receiving a plurality of bridge-based alignments for the parallel text between the source language and the target language based on a plurality of respective bridge languages, the first bridge-based alignment being one of the plurality of bridge-based alignments; and using each of the plurality of bridge-based alignments to generate respective candidate translations of the input text, the second candidate translation being one of the respective candidate translations.

8. A method comprising: receiving, at one or computing devices, a direct alignment between a source language and a target language based on multi-lingual parallel text, the multi-lingual parallel text associating the source language, the target language, and one or more bridge languages, the direct alignment representing a connection between words in the source language and the target language in the parallel text; receiving, at the one or more computing devices, a first bridge-based alignment for the parallel text between the source language and the target language using a first bridge language that is distinct from the source language and the target language, wherein the first bridge-based alignment is based in part on a first probability for a first alignment for the parallel text from the source language to the first bridge language and a second probability for a second alignment for the parallel text from the first bridge language to the target language; receiving, at the one or more computing devices, an input text in the source language to be translated to the target language; using the direct alignment for the parallel text between the source language and the target language to generate a first candidate translation of the input text from the source language to the target language; using the first bridge-based alignment to generate a second candidate translation of the input text from the source language to the target language; and determining, at the one or more computing devices, a consensus translation based on the first and second candidate translations.

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13. A computer system for enabling a user to search for content contained within a content database, the system comprising: at least one processor; memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory comprising computer-program instructions executable by the at least one processor for: receiving a request to search for a site collection in the content database; receiving a request to search for a site in the content database; and invoking one or more stored procedures, wherein the one or more stored procedures comprise one or more from a group of stored procedures consisting of: proc_GetSiteCollectionBestMatch, proc_GetSiteCollectionSubset, proc_GetWebSubset, proc_GetWebBestMatch, proc_GetListSubset, and proc_GetListBestMatch.

15. The computer system of claim 13 , wherein the procedure named “proc_GetWebSubset” is called to obtain a subset of sites, and wherein the subset of sites includes information comprising one or more from the group consisting of: site identifiers, store-relative URLs of the sites, and paths of the sites.

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6. A method comprising: enabling selection of a structured-document path-language function; receiving selection of the structured-document path-language function; enabling graphical selection of part of a graphical rendering of a hierarchically structured electronic document; receiving selection of the part; automatically presenting a simplified structured-document path-language expression comprising the selected part and the selected function, the automatically presenting comprising abbreviating the structured-document path-language expression by removing one or more unique namespaces; and altering the structured-document path-language expression to treat a blank value as a zero if the selected part includes one or more blank values.

19. The method of claim 6 , further comprising simplifying the structured-document path-language expression.

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11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the assigning a label step comprises characterizing a document as within a target class or outside a target class.

12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the applying step comprises using the validated models to characterize each document in the third subset as within the target class or outside the target class.

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8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a user is enabled to drag the dynamic field into the dynamic document through a drag-and-drop mechanism.

7. The method of claim 1 , including displaying a plurality of dynamic fields.

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34. The method of claim 30 wherein the at least one audio message filter parameter comprises at least one of a sender identifier and at least one keyword.

30. A method for using a mobile wireless communications device comprising a user interface device and an audio output, the mobile wireless communications device being switchable between a normal message mode and an audio message mode, the method comprising: receiving text messages from a wireless communications network, and receiving at least one audio mode filter parameter from a user via the user interface device; switching the mobile wireless communications device between the normal message mode and the audio message mode based upon a connection between the audio output and an audio device and an override mode setting, the override mode setting causing the mobile wireless communications device to remain in the audio message mode; and when in the audio message mode, selecting received text messages based upon the at least one audio mode filter parameter, and outputting audio messages comprising speech generated from the selected text messages via the audio output.

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1. A computer-implemented method for categorizing items, the method comprising: under control of one or more configured computer systems; obtaining item information regarding an item of interest; obtaining one or more hierarchically organized categories for items; determining a relevance of the item information to each of the categories; identifying one or more first category candidates and one or more second category candidates for the item of interest from the categories based at least upon the determined relevance of the item information to each of the categories; determining a first likelihood value for each pairing of an identified first category candidate and an identified second category candidate, the first likelihood value representing a statistical likelihood that the pairing of the identified first category candidate and the identified second category candidate are paired categories for the item of interest; assigning, as categories for the item of interest, the identified first category candidate and the identified second category candidate of a pairing having a first likelihood value that is greater than a threshold value; determining a second likelihood value that represents a statistical likelihood that the identified first category candidate and at least two identified second category candidates are paired categories to the item of interest; and if the second likelihood value is greater than the threshold value, assigning, as categories for the item of interest, each of the at least two identified second category candidates and the first identified category candidate.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the item information comprises at least one item attribute and a corresponding attribute value; wherein each of the categories is described by at least one category attribute and a corresponding category attribute value; and wherein determining a relevance of the item information to each of each of the categories comprises assessing the relevance of at least one of the item attributes and item attribute values of the item of interest to one or more of the category attributes and category attribute values of the respective categories.

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32. The system of claim 24 wherein the computer system is operated by a user and wherein the system further comprises: second signal receiving means for receiving a second signal generated by the user; and means, in communication with the second signal receiving means, for converting the first corresponding instructions of the source program in the ladder-based language, as edited, to third corresponding instructions in the high-level text-based language only if the second signal is received.

24. A system for generating a control program utilizing a computer system, the control program executable by a controller to control the operation of a one or more devices, the system comprising: receiving means for receiving one or more instructions of a source program in a high-level text-based language; conversion means, in communication with the receiving means, for converting at least one of the one or more instructions of the source program in the high-level text-based language into first corresponding instructions in a ladder-based language; a user-operated ladder-language editor, in communication with the conversion means, for editing the first corresponding instructions of the source program in the ladder-based language to form an edited source program; and a compiler which compiles the edited source program to form the control program.

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10. The fuzzy logic decision-maker of claim 1 wherein said means for mapping of said approximate reasoning means comprises means for determining the minimum value of input clearness degrees represented by said representations of input clearness degrees and for assigning said minimum value to the output clearness degree represented by said representation of an output clearness degree.

1. A fuzzy logic decision-maker for receiving input signals, utilizing data in a knowledge-base and, based on said input signals and said data, providing output signals in order to provide knowledge-based decision making, said knowledge-base of the type containing fuzzy rules comprising representations of fuzzy patterns of consequents (THENs) and representations of fuzzy patterns of antecedents (IFs); clearness distributions comprising collections of representations of clearness degrees, said clearness degrees defining cognitive measures which assess the fuzziness of fuzzy patterns, and representations of thresholds of transitions, said thresholds of transitions being the intersection points of every two adjacent clearness distributions, said fuzzy logic decision-maker comprising: a fuzzifier comprising first means for mapping said input signals into representations of input fuzzy patterns and second means for mapping said input signals into representations of input clearness degrees of said input fuzzy patterns, said input clearness degrees being valued in the interval of zero to one, where zero represents "absolutely unclear" ("absolutely false") and one represents "absolutely clear" ("absolutely true"); pattern matching and rule selection means for receiving said representations of input fuzzy patterns from said first means of said fuzzifier and, responsive thereto, for selecting one rule from said knowledge-base, and for generating representations of output fuzzy patterns based on the consequent (THEN) portion of said rule; approximate reasoning means for receiving said representations of input clearness degrees from said second means of said fuzzifier and for mapping said representations of input clearness degrees into a representation of an output clearness degree, said approximate reasoning means operating in parallel with said pattern matching and rule selection means; and defuzzifier means for receiving said representations of output fuzzy patterns from said pattern matching and rule selection means and for receiving said representation of an output clearness degree from said approximate reasoning means and for mapping said representations of output fuzzy patterns and said representation of an output clearness degree into said output signals.

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19. The computer system of claim 16 , wherein the processor is to further execute the algorithm to: compare articles in the encyclopedia with words in a search query to determine relevant articles; compare the relevant articles with the profiles to find an expert.

16. A computer system, comprising: a memory storing an algorithm; and a processor to execute the algorithm to: crawl a computer network to identify documents that name individuals; use articles in an encyclopedia to generate summaries of the documents; build profiles of the individuals with the summaries; and search the profiles to provide responses to queries.

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26. The method of claim 23 further comprising grouping the one or more accumulated second link references into sets by second link relationship attributes, wherein each set of second link references comprises one or more second link references that participate in one or more second link relationships having one of the one or more presented second link relationship attributes.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprising: retrieving one or more second link reference attributes describing the one or more accumulated second link references; and displaying the one or more retrieved second link reference attributes on a display.