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4. The improvement of claim 1 wherein the receiver channel is a first channel and the insert has a second channel, the insert being top loaded into the receiver and then rotated into a position above the retainer with the second channel aligned with the first channel.

5. The improvement of claim 4 wherein the insert outwardly extending arm portions are received by an inner cylindrical surface of the receiver top portion during rotation of the insert with respect to the receiver.

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1. A method for locating a previously undetected phishing Web site, comprising: selecting a legitimate Web site; selecting an indexed public search engine that previously has crawled the Web, has identified mirror Web sites, and has created an indexed database of Web sites containing data already collected and indexed and excluding mirror Web sites that it uses to respond to search queries; examining the indexed database of the selected public search engine for the presence of an unauthorized phishing Web site of the selected legitimate Web site, the unauthorized phishing Web site having differences from the legitimate Web site that prevent it from being identified as a mirror of the legitimate Web site by the public search engine, by: selecting an element that is present in the selected legitimate Web site and that relates to a characteristic identifying feature of the legitimate Web site; forming a search query using the selected element; submitting the search query to the indexed database of the selected public search engine; and receiving from the selected search engine a search report of Web sites in the search engine indexed database identified in response to the search query using the selected search element; and eliminating the preselected legitimate Web site from the Web sites identified in the search report; comparing an additional element that is present in the Web sites identified in the search report that remain after eliminating the preselected legitimate Web site with a corresponding element present in the selected legitimate Web site; using the comparison of the additional element to detect a difference from the selected legitimate Web site that is present in a Web site that remains after eliminating the preselected legitimate Web site to identify the Web site that remains as an unauthorized phishing Web site of the preselected legitimate Web site; and communicating the identity of the detected unauthorized phishing Web site of the selected legitimate Web site for further action.

4. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein the selected element is a selected portion of the tree structure of the selected legitimate Web site, and submitting the query comprises submitting the portion of the tree structure to the public search engine to search the indexed database of the search engine for Web sites with occurrences of the selected tree structure.

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11. A computer program product being tangibly embodied in a nontransitory computer readable medium and including computer-executable code for enhancing an electronic document including at least one advertisement portion and at least one other advertising or content portion, the at least one advertisement portion being automatically selected for dynamic incorporation into the at least one electronic document when served via a network substantially contemporaneously with the electronic document responsively to a request received via the network from a user's computing device and being correspondent to the electronic document, the computer program product computer-executable code comprising: code for identifying an identifier associated with the at least one advertisement portion of the electronic document responsively to the correspondent request for or serving of the electronic document; code for serving the identified identifier contemporaneously with the electronic document and separate from the advertisement portion, wherein the served identifier forms at least a part of a link incorporated with the electronic document when the served electronic document is displayed; and code for causing a chat application to be instantiated responsively to receiving a second request via the network and corresponding to the served electronic document incorporated link; code for automatically identifying at least one preference associated with the identified identifier; code for automatically sending, in response to receiving the second request, a Short Message Service (“SMS”) message including a mobile chat link indicative of the received second request in a first mode, wherein the first mode corresponds to the at least one identified preference indicating an SMS messaging preference; code for automatically sending, in response to receiving the second request, an e-mail message including a personal computer chat link indicative of the received second request in a second mode, wherein the second mode corresponds to the at least one identified preference indicating an e-mail messaging preference; wherein the instantiated chat application is displayed via the user's computing device without a client chat application being executed by the user's computing device; and wherein the instantiated chat application is displayed with the electronic document such that the chat application is superimposed over substantially only the at least one advertisement portion of the served electronic document, without substantial display superimposed over areas outside of the at least one advertisement portion.

14. The computer program product of claim 11 , wherein the electronic document is displayed in a same window in which the chat application is instantiated.

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7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the word line contact region for the first tier and the word line contact region for the second tier are disposed at a first side of the array.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein a second word line contact region for the first tier and a second word line contact region for the second tier are disposed at a second side of the array.

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1. A method of assessing a person's personal taste, comprising: causing an electronic device to output a user interface to a person; receiving, via the user interface, a rating set comprising the person's ratings for each of a plurality of rated consumable items, wherein at least a portion of the received ratings comprise item ratings rather than ratings of item characteristics; and by one or more processors, developing a preference model for the person based on the received ratings by: accessing a database comprising values of characteristics for a plurality of candidate consumable items, identifying the candidate consumable items in the database that correspond to the rated consumable items, using the received item ratings and the values of characteristics for the candidate consumable items in the database that correspond to the rated consumable items to determine the preference model.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: generating an experience score for the preference model so that the experience score comprises a function of the rated consumable items in the preference model; determining that the experience score is below a threshold; accessing the database to identify at least one consumable item that exhibits characteristics that, if the consumable item is rated by the person, will improve the person's preference model or a preference profile for the person; and generating a suggestion that the person rate the identified consumable item.

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1. A method comprising: receiving, from a user, a voice message intended for delivery to a recipient the voice message being in a first language; determining a second language understood by the recipient; and when the first language differs from the second language, prompting the user to determine whether to translate the voice message into the second language; when the user, in response to the prompting indicates translation should occur, translating, via a processor, the voice message into the second language, to yield a translated voice message; and delivering the translated voice message to the recipient.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: selecting a type of voice to be used in translating the voice message based on a preference designated by the recipient in advance.

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7. A method according to claim 1, further including the step of assigning a default format name to any line in the document which has not been assigned an abstract format name via the means for entering data.

1. In a data processing system for composing documents, said data processing system including means for entering data and commands relating to a document to be composed, data processor means for processing said data and for executing commands, and a plurality of output means for presenting the document, a method for composing a document comprising multiple lines of alphanumeric characters, said document having portions in which there is need for a plurality of distinct, data presentation characteristic defining formats, each format defining a geometric and topological structural arrangement of alphanumeric textural data, said method for composing a document comprising the steps of: a. associating a first abstract format name with a first format upon entry of said first abstract name via said means for entering; b. defining by an operator a first set of data presentation characteristics for a first output means for at least a first portion of the document and associating said first set of data presentation characteristics with said first abstract format name during an abstract format name characteristic specification by an operator; c. defining by an operator a second set of data presentation characteristics, which are independent from said first set of data presentation characteristics for a second output means for at least a first portion of the document, without affecting the data presentation characteristics defined for said first output means, and associating said second set of data presentation characteristics with said first abstract format name during said abstract name characteristic specification; d. associating with every line in the document an abstract format name which is linked to a data presentation characteristic defining format; e. using said abstract format name characteristic specification to display the document during composition in a form substantially the same as the final format display; and f. responding to the entry of said first abstract format name during document production by formatting the lines in the document on the first output means to have said first set of data presentation characteristics associated with said first abstract format name and formatting the lines in the document on the second output means to have said second set of data presentation characteristics associated with said first abstract format name.

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1. A method comprising: determining, by one or more computing devices, which human writing system is associated with text characters in a string of one or more text characters based on values representing the text characters; when said values are associated with more than one human language, comparing, by the one or more computing devices, the string with a targeted dictionary to identify a particular said human language associated with the string; and designating, by the one or more computing devices, which linguistic services are available based on one or more service properties of the linguistic services and based on the particular said human language associated with the string.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ascertaining, using a morphology module, which said human language is associated with the string based on which said human language is associated with a substring in the string.

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23. A distributed computing system for developing and deploying a smart client application from a server to a client machine via a network, said system comprising: a server-side application comprising at least one markup document and at least one business logic component, wherein said markup document is written using any declarative Extensible Markup Language (XML) and said business logic component is written using any programming language; a compiler for compiling said business logic component into a specific executable code, wherein said compiler is adapted to receive a business logic component written in any programming language and to compile said business logic component into a specific executable code that can be executed by a specific execution engine in said client machine; a markup language converter for converting said markup document into a specific markup language document, wherein said markup language converter is adapted to receive a markup document written in any XML language and to convert said markup document into a specific markup language document that is compatible with a specific client runtime environment (CRE) of said client machine; and a network server for deploying said specific markup document and said specific executable code to said client machine via said network.

33. The system of claim 23 wherein said at least one markup document is written in HTML language and said markup language converter converts said HTML markup document into an XML markup document.

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14. The system as recited in claim 9 , wherein said processor further comprises: circuitry for generating a fourth semantic graph illustrating an organizational hierarchy in response to receiving an indication to retrieve hierarchy information for personnel depicted in said third semantic graph.

9. A system, comprising: a memory unit for storing a computer program for intelligently and efficiently connecting with people and assets involved in projects; and a processor coupled to said memory unit, wherein said processor, responsive to said computer program, comprises: circuitry for generating a first semantic graph for a first project based on resources within said first project, wherein said first semantic graph builds a relationship among entities of said first project; circuitry for generating a second semantic graph for a second project based on resources within said second project, wherein said second semantic graph builds a relationship among entities of said second project, wherein said second project is a different project from said first project or a different version of said first project; circuitry for receiving a selection of said first and said second semantic graphs representing different projects or versions of a same project; circuitry for comparing and merging differences between said first and said second semantic graphs; and circuitry for generating a third semantic graph that illustrates said differences between said first and said second semantic graphs, wherein said third semantic graph comprises nodes representing said entities of said first and said second projects, wherein said differences comprise one or more of the following: personnel and development processes.

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8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , the apparatus further comprising: a policy registry unit for storing a policy registry containing information on policies supported by the plug-ins and on relationships between the policies; wherein the policy attacher queries the policy registry based on the policy demand configuration, and maps the policy demand configuration to the supported plug-in by further querying the plug-in registry based on the result of querying the policy registry so as to acquire the association relationship between the policy and the required plug-in, wherein the plug-in registry contains information on description of the plug-ins and on relationships between the plug-ins.

7. An apparatus for implementing non-function logic for a plurality of applications extensibly and independently of functional logic for each one of the plurality of applications, comprising: at least one processor; and an application loader for loading policy demand configuration of an application; a policy attacher for acquiring association relationship between a policy and a plug-in required by the application based on a loaded policy demand configuration of the application, and for generating a plug-in context definition according to the acquired association relationship, the plug-in context definition being part of a plug-in context associated with the plug-in, wherein the plug-in context defines services provided by the plug-in and reference to other plug-ins related to the plug-in; an application builder for generating an application runtime object based on a component definition and generating a plug-in context object based on the plug-in context definition, wherein the plug-in context object is an instantiated plug-in context definition; an application constructor unit for associating the plug-in context object to the application runtime object so as to implement a function of the plug-in for the application; and a plug-in registry unit for storing a plug-in registry containing information on description of the plug-ins and on relationships between the plug-ins; wherein the policy attacher acquires the association relationship between the policy and the required plug-in by querying the plug-in registry based on the policy demand configuration.

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31. A system comprising: one or more processors; one or more non-transitory computer readable media comprising instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes performance of steps comprising: storing a first version of a particular document in storage accessible to a server-side machine; generating, by the server-side machine, an accessibility-enabled version of the particular document based on the first version of the particular document; wherein the accessibility-enabled version of the particular document has one or more accessibility features, which are not present in the first version of the particular document, that facilitate use of a particular assistive technology; storing the accessibility-enabled version in the storage accessible to the server-side machine; receiving a request, from a client-side machine, for the particular document; determining, by the server-side machine, whether to respond to the request with the first version of the particular document or the accessibility-enabled version of the particular document; responsive to determining to respond to the request with the first version of the particular document, the server-side machine sending the first version of the particular document to the client-side machine; and responsive to determining to respond to the request with the accessibility-enabled version of the particular document, the server-side machine sending the accessibility-enabled version of the particular document to the client-side machine.

41. The system of claim 31 , wherein generating the accessibility-enabled version of the particular document is performed by executing instructions that are stored, at least in part, within the first version of the particular document.

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14. The method of claim 1 , wherein identifying a secondary portion of natural language content that references the natural language content comprises: extracting one or more features from the primary portion of natural language content; and performing a search of a corpus of information for one or more secondary portions of natural language content that reference at least one of the one or more features from the primary portion of natural language content or reference the primary portion of natural language content as a whole.

1. A method, in a data processing system comprising a processor and a memory, for identifying hidden meaning in a portion of natural language content, wherein the memory comprises instructions executed by the processor to cause the processor to be specifically configured to implement a hidden meaning translation engine, the method comprising: receiving, by the hidden meaning translation engine of the data processing system, a primary portion of natural language content from one or more corpora of electronic documentation; identifying, by the hidden meaning translation engine of data processing system, a secondary portion of natural language content, in the one or more corpora of electronic documentation, that references the primary portion of natural language content; analyzing, by the hidden meaning translation engine of data processing system, the secondary portion of natural language content to identify indications of meaning directed to elements of the primary portion of natural language content; generating, by the hidden meaning translation engine of data processing system, a probabilistic model based on results of the analysis of the secondary portion of natural language content modeling a probability of hidden meaning in the primary portion of natural language content; generating, by the hidden meaning translation engine of data processing system, a hidden meaning statement data structure for the primary portion of natural language content based on the probabilistic model; storing, by the hidden meaning translation engine of the data processing system, the hidden meaning statement data structure in association with the primary portion of natural language content in the one or more corpora of electronic documentation; and performing, by a cognitive system, a cognitive operation at least by performing natural language processing on a combination of the primary portion of natural language content and the hidden meaning statement data structure in the one or more corpora of electronic documentation, wherein analyzing the secondary portion of natural language content further comprises correlating a first temporal characteristic of the secondary portion of natural language content with a second temporal characteristic of the primary portion of natural language content, and wherein generating a probabilistic model further comprises weighting the secondary portion of natural language content based on whether the first temporal characteristic is at a prior time to the second temporal characteristic or at a later time than the second temporal characteristic.

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8. A computer system for inferring a schema from an electronic document containing hierarchical data comprising: an application program that determines that the electronic document containing hierarchical data does not reference a schema; a memory for storing the hierarchical data, wherein the hierarchical data includes one or more nodes; a parser for receiving the hierarchical data from the memory and parsing the hierarchical data in the electronic document to discover the one or more nodes; a logical memory module for: (a) receiving one of the discovered nodes from the parser; (b) determining content associated with the discovered node; and (c) saving the content associated with the discovered node in the memory; (d) repeating tasks (a)-(c) until the content for each discovered node has been saved in the memory; and a schema generator module for generating the schema based on the content saved for each discovered node that includes specifying repeating nodes that are out of sequence as unbounded by checking at least a repeating indicator, wherein the schema provides the electronic document a set of grammatical and data type rules that govern types and a structure of data that may be included in the electronic document.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein in saving the content associated with the discovered node in the memory, the logical memory module: determines whether the discovered node has previously been discovered; if the discovered node has been previously discovered, then stores a first indicator indicating that the discovered node is a repeating node in the memory; and saves the content associated with the repeating node in the memory; and if the discovered node has not been previously discovered, then saves the content associated with the discovered node in the memory.

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7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising concurrently displaying, by the programming environment, (i) a visual representation of a programming building block of the plurality of programming building blocks within a behavior editor and (ii) a visual representation of the current situation, wherein the current situation includes (a) a selection identifying a selected agent of a plurality of agents represented by the plurality of programming building blocks and (b) data describing at least the selected agent and wherein the programming building block corresponds to the selected agent and represents one or more behavioral rules of the selected agent.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising receiving from the end user via interaction with the visual representation of the current situation, by the programming environment, input regarding a hypothetical situation to be used as the current situation for evaluation by the conversational programming agent.

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2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the keyword processing means further comprises: storage means for storing item definition data defining the items of information in the information database; item matching means for matching recognized keywords or phrases to the item definition data; and item scoring means for keeping an item score for each item of information in dependence upon the number of keywords or phrases matched to each item.

5. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the operating system event corresponds to a completion of an on-screen form.

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1. A document-based system for acquiring information pertaining to a document, comprising: a computer having a memory storing a meta-document including the document, the document including content information, and a set of one or more document service requests based on a personality associated with the document, wherein a personality comprises a theme or context, wherein each document service request in the set comprises a process for using a portion of the document's content information as a starting point to obtain other information from a service provider pertaining to the document's content information, wherein associating a set of one or more document service requests based on a different personality to the document's content information will provide different results; and a scheduler for autonomously activating and managing the document service requests without user intervention by periodically polling the meta-document for document service requests, for selecting a document service request from the set of one or more document service requests, for initiating and managing communication with a selected service provider to satisfy the selected document service request and for integrating any results from the selected document service request into the meta-document, wherein the meta-document includes the document, the set of one or more document service requests and integrated results; wherein the set of one or more document service requests follow a sequence of calls to service providers for extracting information from one or more of other documents, databases and data stores, and for searching for other information responsive to any extracted information from the one or more of other documents, databases and data stores.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein, in addition to the scheduler, a user may select a document service request from the set and initiate and manage communication with a service provider to satisfy the selected document service request.

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18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the dynamic reference includes a dynamic output format reference describing output formatting properties to be used for formatting the at least one resolved document to accommodate a variety of possible conditions related to the data being integrated, including providing instructions for laying out dynamic data of variable size being integrated, including laying out data received in response to the querying relative to data originally in the document, wherein the instructions accommodate the variable size.

14. A method for resolving variable information (VI) documents comprising: receiving a request including a document having data and a dynamic reference and a request to resolve the document, wherein the dynamic reference indirectly references content to be integrated into the document with the data, wherein the indirect reference references by describing at least one characteristic of the content; processing by a tangible processor the request comprising; mapping between respective namespaces and schemas used by a plurality of data sources and a namespace and schema used by the dynamic reference; comparing subject matter of content available from the plurality of data sources and subject matter of content described by the indirect reference of the dynamic reference; selecting at least one data source from the plurality of data sources to query in accordance with results of the comparison; transforming the description of the at least one characteristic into a format suitable for inclusion in a query; generating at least one query in accordance with the results from the transforming and the mapping; querying the selected at least one data source using the generated at least one query; and integrating data received in response to the querying with the document in order to generate at least one resolved document that has the data originally in the document and data received in response to the querying.

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21. A system, comprising: a content database containing a plurality of base language texts; an assessment module configured to produce an indication of a user's comprehension of each word from a plurality of foreign language words in a target foreign language, each of the plurality of foreign language words corresponding to a base language word; and a processor configured to substitute a foreign language word from the plurality of foreign language words for a portion of the instances of a corresponding base language word occurring in the base language text to produce a mixed language version of the base language text, the portion based on the indication.

28. The system of claim 21 , further comprising: an audio output device in communication with the processor, the audio output device configured to output an audio output corresponding to the mixed language version of the base language text.

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2. The one or more computer storage media of claim 1 , wherein the applying further comprises: determining a similarity between a new social post of the new social posts and a reference social post of the sentiment tuning data, the reference social post being assigned a reference sentiment in the sentiment tuning data; assigning a sentiment to the new social post based on the similarity.

1. One or more computer storage media storing computer-useable instructions that, when used by one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform operations comprising: receiving user feedback for each of one or more social posts presented to a user, each social post presented in association with a sentiment assigned to the social post, the user feedback for each social post regarding the sentiment assigned to the social post; generating sentiment tuning data from the user feedback; generating a new set of sentiment indicators from user provided sentiment indicators of the sentiment tuning data; applying the new set of sentiment indicators, generated from the sentiment tuning data, to new social posts to determine sentiments for the new social posts, wherein the applying comprises: identifying designated expressive symbols of the new set of sentiment indicators in the new social posts, the new set of sentiment indicators comprising assignments between the designated expressive symbols and designated sentiments; and determining assignments of the sentiments to the new social posts based on the assignments between the designated expressive symbols and the designated sentiments; and presenting the new social posts in association with the sentiments assigned to the new social posts.

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14. The method of claim 8 , further comprising: inverting another parity bit, associated with the first word, based on a determination that the first quantity of errors corresponds to the odd value; and selecting the second word based on inverting the other parity bit; and performing forward error correction on the word using the second word based on the selection of the second word.

8. A method comprising: receiving, from an optical receiver and by a device, a word, of a block of words within traffic, on which to perform forward error correction, each word of the block of words including respective encoded bits and respective sets of reliability bits for identifying a respective level of reliability of each one of the respective encoded bits; identifying, by the device, least reliable positions, within the word, that correspond to a subset of encoded bits, within the word, associated with one or more lowest levels of reliability; generating, by the device, a set of candidate words based on different combinations in which the subset of encoded bits can be inverted; identifying, by the device, a first pair of candidate words, within the set of candidate words, the first pair including a first word and a second word, the first word including a first bit, the first bit not being an inverted bit and being most reliable within the subset of encoded bits associated with the first word; identifying, by the device, a first quantity of errors associated with the first word and a second quantity of errors associated with the second word; determining, by the device, whether the first quantity of errors is greater than the second quantity of errors; selecting, by the device, the first word when the first quantity of errors is not greater than the second quantity of errors; identifying, by the device, a second pair of candidate words, within selected words of the set of candidate words, the second pair including the first word and a third word, the third word including a second bit that is most reliable within the subset of encoded bits associated with the third word; determining, by the device, whether the second bit is an inverted bit; selecting, by the device, the first word when the second bit is an inverted bit; and performing, by the device, forward error correction on the word based on the selected first word.

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1. A computer system for proactively creating an image product, comprising: a computer memory configured to store a library of specification terms for image products; and a computer processing system configured to receive a command comprising a text from a user, conduct lexical analysis of the text in the command, tokenize the command into a plurality of tokens, and match one or more of the tokens to the specification terms in the library to determine specification parameters for an image product, wherein the computer processing system is configured to automatically identify images based on the specification parameters by the computer system, and automatically create a design for the image product that incorporates at least some of the images identified based on the specification parameters.

8. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the specification terms in the library specify a style or a format for an image product, wherein one or more of the tokens are matched to at least one specification term in the library that specifies a style or a format for an image product, wherein the design for the image product is automatically created in the style or the format.

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1. An article of manufacture including a non-transitory computer readable storage medium to tangibly store instructions, which when executed by a computer, cause the computer to: receive at least one Kana character from a user; apply a Kana rule set to the at least one Kana character; define the at least one Kana character in an alphabetic language based on a sound of the at least one Kana character; generate a full phonetic key for the defined at least one Kana character; generate a replaced-vowel phonetic key by replacing a vowel in the full phonetic key; generate a no-vowel phonetic key by removing the vowel in the full phonetic key; process Kana records in a database to determine a relevant Kana record that has a phonetic key identical to at least one of the full phonetic key, the replaced-vowel phonetic key, and the no-vowel phonetic key; and present the relevant Kana record to the user.

4. The article of manufacture of claim 1 , wherein the Kana rule set comprises: if the at least one Kana character includes a punctuation mark, omitting the punctuation mark; if the at least one Kana character includes a space, omitting the space; if the at least one Kana character includes a special character combination representing a “v” sound, recognizing the special character combination as one character; and if the at least one Kana character includes a long sound character, omitting the long sound character.

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15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 14 , wherein the first top-down message is further based on history of a previous state of the node in the inference stage.

21. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15 , further comprising computer instructions to: replicate a spatial co-occurrence shared by two or more temporal groupings of the spatial co-occurrences to represent a higher-order temporal model of input patterns; and modify the temporal statistics data according to the replicated spatial co-occurrence.

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26. The method of claim 25 , further comprising: performing said displaying, said presenting, said requiring, said determining, and said performing said displaying, said presenting, said requiring, and said determining for successive additional pluralities of sentence segments for successive additional sentences describing the picture.

25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising: performing said displaying, said presenting, said requiring, and said determining for successive additional pluralities of sentence segments until the sentence that correctly describes the picture is complete.

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14. The one or more computer storage media according to claim 9 , wherein the managing the natural language entry in the user interface after the user data is stored includes: displaying text of the first natural language entry, along with text of other natural language entries that are associated with other types of PIM data; receiving edits to the text of the first natural language entry; parsing the edited text of the first natural language entry to determine which type of PIM data is associated with the edited text of the first natural language entry; and editing the user data based on the edits to the text of the first natural language entry.

9. One or more computer storage media having processor readable code embodied on said computer storage media, said processor readable code for programming one or more processors to perform a method comprising: identifying user data in natural language entries within a user interface of a personal information management (PIM) application having a plurality of types of PIM data, including identifying which type of PIM data is associated with each natural language entry, the identifying including determining whether a first of the natural language entries includes an indicator that identifies the type of PIM data; storing the user data by the PIM application, including storing at least a portion of each natural language entry in a format associated with the identified type of PIM data; saving the natural language entries a file; and managing the natural language entries in the user interface after the user data is stored, based on the saved natural language entries.

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13. A system as in claim 9 further comprising means for actuating said model context expanding means whenever unstable probability estimates are encountered during coding.

9. A system as in claim 10 wherein the compression of data involves an arithmetic coding decision and further comprising means for assigning a given model context an index A; and means for expanding said given model context into a larger coding context where N is the number of previous decisions for said given model context used in the conditioning of the arithmetic coding decision.

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5. The method of claim 1 , wherein returning the results further comprises: displaying additional information related to the search, the additional information comprising an identification of non-indexed inaccessible information; and displaying a set of indexing options associated with the non-indexed information.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the set of indexing options comprises: an indexing cost associated with indexing all accessible non-indexed information related to the search query, wherein the indexing cost comprises a value of computational cost associated with indexing all accessible non-indexed information to increase relevancy of current searches and subsequent searches related to the search query.

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16. A method of diagnosing computing system performance, comprising: receiving operational data from a computing system; identifying an operational pattern based on the received operational data, the operational pattern including a temporal sequence of operations, events, or system states of the computing system; determining whether the identified operational pattern violates a reference operational pattern associated with an annotation identifying a reason, a cause, or a corrective suggestion corresponding to a violation of the temporal sequence; and in response to determining that the identified operational pattern violates a reference operational pattern, outputting, via a device remote from the computing system, the reason, cause, or corrective suggestion contained in the annotation for diagnosing performance of the computing system.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein: receiving the operational data includes receiving event logs from the computing system operating; and identifying the operational pattern includes: parsing the event logs based on keywords; identifying a temporal sequence of events based on the parsed event logs; and identifying a time interval between a pair of the events of the temporal sequence.

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23. The system of claim 21 , wherein when the specified additional information indicates a domain, an environment or a geographical area for which the translation is to be used.

21. The system of claim 19 , wherein when the user specifies that the source language term translates to the target language term, the user also specifies additional information corresponding to the translation, and the specified additional information is stored along with the translation in the vote store.

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1. A query system comprising: a query engine having a capability to build objects in a memory based upon a view type referenced in a query received from an application; and means for applying query rewrite optimizations to the query referencing the view type, wherein the query rewrite optimizations determine which portions of the query to push down to a database at a second tier for resolution and which portions of the query are to be processed by the query engine at a first tier to build objects from the view types.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the means for applying query rewrite optimizations further comprises: means for analyzing the query to determine if the query requests a handle on an object or references a method.

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10. The method of claim 1 , further including refining said standardized specification based on the analyzing steps.

1. A method of discovering work-item relations, comprising: analyzing, automatically by a processor, a description of a collection of work-items created in one or more projects, to generate a plurality of work-item elements and their relationships; analyzing, automatically by the processor, one or more standardized specifications describing practice guidelines to follow in executing said one or more projects and deliverables expected to be generated, to generate a plurality of standardized specification elements and their relationships represented as nodes and edges, the one or more standardized specifications specified in a text form and comprising a title of a task involved in the one or more projects, a relationship the task in the one or more projects has with another task in the one or more projects, description of the task, the one or more standardized specification further comprising a work-breakdown tree with different tasks comprising at least the task; mapping, automatically by the processor, said plurality of work-item elements to said plurality of standardized specification elements, the mapping comprising identifying a threshold similarity between a single work-item element node and a standardized specification element, and between a pair of work-item element nodes with associated link relationship and a pair of standardized specification elements with associated link relationship, wherein the single work-item element node is mapped at most to one standardized specification element, the identifying the threshold similarity comprising one or more of string similarity, Boolean similarity and relational similarity; discovering, automatically by the processor, at least one or more missing relations among said plurality of work-item elements based on said mapping, wherein the relationships comprise at least one or more of changed by, has same owner as, input from and output to; receiving, based on at least on one of a determination that the mapping creates a conflict and the mapping has a low confidence, input from a user to resolve the at least one of the conflict in the mapping and the low confidence in the mapping; and adding, automatically by the processor, the discovered one or more missing relations as edges to the mapping.

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8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the environmental parameter is a volume value of a speaker of the voice-controlled device which is controlled by a user.

7. A method for a voice-controlled device, comprising: detecting, with an environment detector, an environment to obtain an environmental parameter associated with a volume value; setting, with a setting module, a threshold according the environmental parameter, wherein the threshold is set to a higher threshold when the volume value is higher and the threshold is set to a lower threshold when the volume value is lower; receiving a speech, and performing speech recognition on the speech to generate a confidence score of speech recognition; and comparing the confidence score of speech recognition with the threshold to generate a control signal.

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49. The server of claim 48 , wherein said at least one hardware device is further configured to repeat said set-up phase to update one or more of said set of personal questions, said corresponding answers and said encoded historical, inter-relational or contextual information of said user.

48. A knowledge-based authentication server for restricting access of a user to a restricted resource, comprising: a memory; and at least one hardware device, coupled to the memory, operative to implement the following steps: receiving a plurality of answers from said user during a set-up phase to a set of personal questions, wherein at least one of said answers received from said user encode one or more of historical, inter-relational and contextual information of said user using an encoding scheme defined between said server and said user to signal a fraudulent access attempt; challenging said user with one or more questions from said set of personal questions; receiving a response from said user to said one or more questions from said set; assigning a score to said response, wherein said score is based on said encoded information; and granting access to said restricted resource based on said score.

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13. The method for building and utilizing interactive software system predictive models using biometric data of claim 12 , wherein the interactive software system is selected from the group of interactive software systems consisting of: a computing system implemented tax preparation software system; a network accessed tax preparation software system; a web-based tax preparation software system; a cloud-based tax preparation software system; a computing system implemented business management software system; a network accessed business management software system; a web-based business management software system; a cloud-based business management software system; a computing system implemented accounting software system; a network accessed accounting software system; a web-based accounting software system; a cloud-based accounting software system; a computing system implemented financial management system; a network accessed financial management system; a web-based financial management system; and a cloud-based financial management system.

12. A method for building and utilizing interactive software system predictive models using biometric data comprising: providing an interactive software system; defining biometric data to be obtained and analyzed; providing one or more biometric data collection systems to obtain the defined biometric data; monitoring two or more users' interaction with the interactive software system and obtaining user interaction activity data indicating the users' interaction with the interactive software system at defined times; using the one or more biometric data collection systems to obtain biometric data associated with the users at defined times as the users interact with the interactive software system; correlating the biometric data associated with the users with the users' interaction activity data at the defined times; obtaining baseline data associated with the users, the baseline data including data indicating when the baseline data was obtained; analyzing the biometric data associated with the users and correlated to the users' interaction activity data and the baseline data associated with the users, to generate emotional pattern predictive model data representing an emotional pattern predictive model associated with each of the users; analyzing the emotional pattern predictive model data representing the emotional pattern predictive models associated with each of the users to identify one or more user categories; identifying one or more user categories; for each user category identified, aggregating and analyzing the emotional pattern predictive model data associated with each of the users of that identified user category to generate user category emotional pattern profile data for that user category; determining that a current user of the interactive software system is a user of one of the identified user categories and associating that user category with the current user; monitoring the current user's interaction with the interactive software system and obtaining current user interaction activity data indicating the current user's interaction with the interactive software system at defined times; using the one or more biometric data collection systems to obtain biometric data associated with the current user at defined times as the current user interacts with the interactive software system; correlating the biometric data associated with the current user with the current user's interaction activity data; comparing the biometric data associated with the current user correlated to the current user's interaction activity data with the user category emotional pattern profile data for the user category associated with the current user; and if a deviation is found between the biometric data associated with the current user correlated to the current user's interaction activity data with the user category emotional pattern profile data for the user category associated with the current user, modifying one or more features and/or supporting systems associated with the interactive software system to customize an interactive software system user experience to the current user; and presenting the customized interactive software system user experience to the current user.

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1. A system for dynamically generating a customized profile for a company for a selected profile type, the customized profile including a set of attribute types, each of the attribute types having a customized attribute range, the system comprising: a receipt module for receiving a standard profile corresponding to the selected profile type, the standard profile having standard attribute types corresponding to the set of attribute types, each of the standard attribute types having a standard attribute range representing a standard range of attribute values for the selected profile type, such that each of the standard range of attribute values of the standard profile is based on industry wide employee profiles representing an industry benchmark for a plurality of companies, and for receiving a plurality of personal assessments of individuals related to the company, each of the personal assessments having questions related to one or more attributes of the set of attribute types, each of the questions having a value assigned by the respective related individual; a profile module for calculating determined attribute ranges for each of the standard attribute types of the set of attribute types based on the values of the questions, the determined attribute ranges corresponding to the standard attribute types, and for generating customized attribute ranges by combining the determined attribute ranges with the standard attribute ranges; and an output module adapted for storing the generated customized ranges as the customized profile.

9. The system of claim 1 further comprising the profile module adapted for selecting personal assessments corresponding to one or more of the related individuals and removing the corresponding attribute values from the combination.

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1. A computer-implemented method for enabling users of social-networking applications to interact using virtual personas, at least a portion of the method being performed by at least one physical computing device comprising at least one hardware processor, the method comprising: creating, by the physical computing device, a social-networking identity associated with a user of a social-networking application; creating, by the physical computing device and as part of the user's social-networking identity, a plurality of virtual personas that represent different real-life roles of the user, the plurality of virtual personas comprising: a first virtual persona of the user; a second virtual persona of the user; after creating the user's virtual personas, receiving a request at the physical computing device to establish a social-networking relationship between the first virtual persona and another user of the social-networking application; in response to receiving the request, directing the social-networking application by the physical computing device to establish the social-networking relationship between the first virtual persona and the other user without establishing a social-networking relationship between the second virtual persona and the other user; defining, by the physical computing device and based at least in part on input from the user of the social-networking application, a first geo-location associated with the first virtual persona and a second geo-location associated with the second virtual persona; upon defining the first and second geo-locations: enabling the user to share, under the first virtual persona, at least one content instance that identifies the user's location while the user is located at the first geo-location; preventing the user from sharing, under the second virtual persona, the content instance that identifies the user's location while the user is located at the first geo-location due at least in part to the first geo-location being associated with the first virtual persona and not being associated with the second virtual persona; associating at least one photograph previously shared via the social-networking application with the first virtual persona by: enabling the user to assume the first virtual persona within the social-networking application; after the user has assumed the first virtual persona: identifying a tag request submitted by the user to tag the user in the photograph previously shared via the social-networking application; ensuring that the user's tag in the photograph is associated with the first virtual persona and not associated with the second virtual persona due at least in part to the user having assumed the first virtual persona prior to submitting the tag request.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the social-networking application to establish the social-networking application comprises: obtaining the other user's consent to establish the social-networking relationship; in response to obtaining the other user's consent, directing the social-networking application to establish the social-networking relationship.

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11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the communications device is a microphone or a mobile telephone.

8. A system for deriving data from a voice communication, the system comprising: a voice scratchpad module configured to be executed on an on-board vehicle computing device, the voice scratchpad module being configured to detect an audio connection between the on-board vehicle computing device and a communications device, the voice scratchpad module further being configured to present a voice scratchpad graphical user interface on a display associated with the computing device, the graphical user interface including a selector, which upon selection by a user causes the voice scratchpad module to process voice data received via the audio connection to obtain recognized speech data; and an annotation engine configured to be executed on the on-board vehicle computing device, the annotation engine being configured to annotate the recognized speech data to produce structured data in one of a plurality of predetermined formats based on the recognized speech data, wherein the voice scratchpad module is configured to receive the structured data from the annotation engine, and display the structured data on the voice scratchpad graphical user interface, the voice scratchpad module further configured to display a clip management tool on the voice scratchpad graphical user interface, the clip management tool being configured to display a list of structured data for a plurality of voice communications, and one or more option selectors for managing the structured data in the list; wherein the voice scratchpad module is further configured to display in the voice scratchpad graphical user interface a link to a related application for each type of data in the structured data, the link being configured to launch the related application upon selection, the voice scratchpad module further being configured to output the structured data for further processing by the related application, wherein the related application comprises a navigation application, the structured data comprises point of interest data, and the navigation application is configured to: launch when the link for the navigation application is selected, and receive the point of interest data from the on-board vehicle computing device for further processing.

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18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the shared content includes data and metadata, and wherein the metadata is interpreted and the shared content is repurposed in accordance with that interpretation.

15. A method for leveraging external cloud services on an existing cloud platform to enable client applications to interact with shared content created and maintained via a cloud app on the cloud platform, the method including the following steps: (a) utilizing the cloud services to extract the shared content from the cloud platform; and (b) interpreting the extracted shared content and repurposing the extracted shared content to enable a client application to provide additional content-specific functionality with respect to the extracted shared content.

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12. A collaborative first order logic system with dynamic ontology comprising: a server computer; a database coupled with said server and configured to store information related to documents; subjects associated with said documents; associations between said subjects; assertions associated with said subjects; opinions regarding said assertions; theorems associated with said assertions; and, a website coupled with said server computer wherein said website is configured to display said documents; display said subjects associated with said documents; display said associations between said subjects; display said assertions associated with said subjects; display said opinions regarding said assertions; accept input from a plurality of users including a first user and a second user to alter said associations between said subjects; command said server computer to alter said associations between said subjects in said database; accept an opinion from said first user related to an assertion associated with one or more subjects wherein said assertion is made by said second user; and, analyze said assertions and display any logical contradictions with said theorems.

13. The collaborative first order logic system with dynamic ontology of claim 12 wherein said database is configured to store information related to opinions regarding said associations between said subjects; said website is configured to display said opinions regarding said associations between said subjects; accept an opinion from said first user related to an association between one or more subjects wherein said association is made by said first user or said second user.

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17. The computer program product of claim 13 , wherein the instructions for generating the snippet comprise instructions for selecting text from a respective source document so as to include in the snippet at least one textual term of the factual query and at least one textual term of the answer.

13. A computer program product for use in conjunction with a computer system, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium and a computer program mechanism embedded therein, the computer program mechanism comprising one or more programs to be executed by the computer, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving a user-formulated factual query, the factual query including one or more query terms; identifying an answer, from a fact repository, to the factual query, the answer including one or more factual answer terms and information identifying source documents that include one or more query terms of the factual query and one or more of the factual answer terms of the answer; additionally, searching a document database distinct from the fact repository to identify documents matching the user formulated factual query; after identifying the answer, accessing at least one of the source documents in the document database distinct from the fact repository; generating a snippet for at least one of the source documents, the snippet including one or more query terms of the factual query and one or more of the factual answer terms of the answer; and generating a response including the snippet, wherein the snippet itself provides factual information that answers the factual query and information identifying at least a subset of the documents of the documents identified from the document database.

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16. The system of claim 11 wherein the HMMs include CDHMMs.

11. A system for recognizing selected speech based on acoustic models, which are characterized by a plurality of parameters, the system comprising: a device for providing selected data representing a sample of the selected speech; a processor for defining a structure which includes a plurality of levels, each level including one or more nodes, each node being associated with a respective probability measure, which is derived from at least the selected data; a mechanism for identifying at least one sequence of nodes from different levels; and an adaptor for modifying at least one of the parameters based on at least the probability measure associated with a selected node in the sequence, the probability measure associated with the selected node being a function of the probability measure associated with every other node in the sequence.

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11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the non-ASR speech audio comprises speech data sampled from data windows having a length of one second or less.

10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the non-ASR audio comprises non-ASR speech audio sampled by the input microphone before the unknown ASR speech input.

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22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 13 , wherein the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, further cause: receiving input that indicates that the user submitted a search query; and performing a search based on said submitted search query.

13. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions for providing speculative search results, wherein the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, causes: receiving, at a search engine, over a network from a client node, a not-yet-submitted search query provided by a user; in response to receiving at the search engine, from the client node, the not-yet-submitted search query, determining, at the search engine, whether the not-yet-submitted search query meets a criterion for initiating a speculative search for items that satisfy the not-yet-submitted search query; in response to determining, at the search engine, that the not-yet-submitted search query does not meet the criterion, waiting for additional input from the client node without initiating the speculative search for items that satisfy the not-yet-submitted search query; receiving, at the search engine, over the network, from the client node, an updated not-yet-submitted search query that comprises the not-yet-submitted search query and one or more additional characters; in response to receiving, at the search engine, from the client node, the updated not-yet-submitted search query, determining, at the search engine, whether the updated not-yet-submitted search query meets the criterion for initiating a speculative search for items that satisfy the updated not-yet-submitted search query; in response to determining, at the search engine, that the updated not-yet-submitted search query meets the criterion, performing, at the search engine, the speculative search for items that satisfy said updated not-yet-submitted search query prior to receiving, from said client node, an indication that said updated not-yet-submitted search query is completely formed; providing, from the search engine, to said client node, information about to at least one item, found by the speculative search, that satisfies said updated not-yet submitted search query; wherein the at least one item, found by the speculative search, includes at least one of (a) a web page, (b) a graphic, or (c) textual information.

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18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the operations further comprise combining additional click data with the combined weighted click data to generate the score, wherein the additional click data indicates how frequently the document was selected when the document was presented in search results for the search query.

15. A system comprising: a computer system; and a related query processor of the computer system to determine a score for a document as a result for a search query, the score based, at least in part, on one or more related search queries that have at least a threshold relationship to the search query, wherein the score is determined by performing operations comprising: identifying click data associated with the document and the one or more related search queries, wherein the click data indicates how frequently the document was selected when the document was presented in search results for the one or more related search queries over a period of time; weighting the click data based on weights for the one or more related search queries, wherein the weights indicate how strongly the one or more related queries are related to the search query; and combining the weighted click data to generate at least a component of the score; wherein the related query processor is further configured to provide the score for the document as a result for the search query to a ranking processor.

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1. A multimedia computer system for storing and accessing information about a digital portfolio of projects, comprising: a memory for storing one or more digital portfolios generated by one or more authors, each digital portfolio having one or more projects, each project having one or more proiect elements; a graphical user interface on a computer display for displaying in a first window a digital portfolio project and in a second window a tag list of tags with a predetermined set of tags from which an evaluator can choose; and a tagging process that tags one or more project elements with a tag to produce tagged project elements, each of the tagged project elements being associated with the respective tag, one or more of the tags being selected by the evaluator from the tag list with a predetermined set of tags, tagged project elements being stored in said memory as a database of annotated author documents, where the tag list with a predetermined set of tags is a list of goals and the graphical user interface displays in a third window a quality weight and the tagging process prompts a user for a quality weight and the quality weight is associated with the tag, the quality weight providing an indication of an author's achievement.

2. A system, as in claim 1, further comprising a report process that creates a report from the database of annotated author documents in response to an evaluator selecting authors and documents from the database, the report process retrieving goals for the selected authors and documents, accumulating weighting factors assigned to the retrieved goals, computing normalized sums of weighted goals, and generating a report of goals by category showing normalized sums.

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16. A method for inputting and displaying information on a touch screen comprising the steps of: displaying at a first level a virtual alphanumeric keypad for allowing a user to input information; displaying at a second level said input information; wherein the first and second levels are displayed using different attributes; and providing a touch key for allowing a user to swap display levels.

19. The method for inputting and displaying information according to claim 16 wherein the different attributes are different character styles.

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5. The query transformation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein the source language is English language, and the target language is Korean language.

1. A query transformation system enabling retrieval of multilingual web documents comprising: a query input unit for imputing a query consisting of a source language, the query input unit comprising a keyboard; an input query memory unit for storing the query, consisting of the source language, received from the query input unit; a transformation control unit for controlling the entire query transformation operation of the system; a translation generating/filtering unit for generating translations of the input query and filtering unnecessary ones of the generated translations; a translation knowledge unit stored with at least one electronic dictionary to be used for a transformation of queries and a variety of information; a transformed query memory unit for storing the query transformed from the source language into a target language; and a result output unit for outputting the result of the transformation in the form of the target language on a screen; wherein the translation generating/filtering unit comprises: a translation generator for generating all possible translations of the source language input query by reference to a translation dictionary; a semantic category verifier for receiving the generated translations from the translation generator, a eliminating translations having a low semantic similarity from the received translations, based on a semantic category tree; and a collocation information verifier for receiving the translations, which includes no translation having a low semantic similarity, from the semantic category verifier, and eliminating translations having no collocation from the received translations, based on word collocation information.

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1. A method, performed by a device having a processor, of detecting images and text in a master copy, the method comprising: choosing a first background color from the master copy, wherein the master copy includes an image portion, a text portion, and an empty portion containing neither an image nor text; condensing the master copy based at least in part on the first background color by omitting the empty portion to create a condensed copy of the master copy, the condensed copy containing the image portion and the text portion; transversely and vertically dividing the entirety of the condensed copy into a plurality of first areas; for each of the first areas choosing a second background color from the first area; determining whether the first area includes the image portion or the text portion based at least in part on the second background color; if the first area includes the image portion, marking the first area as an image area; if the first area includes the text portion, marking the first area as a text area; and if a determination that the first area includes the image portion or the text portion is not made, then either marking the first area as an image area, or replacing the first background color with the second background color; condensing the first area based at least in part on the second background color; transversely and vertically dividing the first area into a plurality of second areas; and for each of the second areas determining whether the second area includes the image portion or the text portion based at least in part on the second background color; if the second area includes an image portion, marking the second area as an image area; and if the second area includes a text portion, marking the second area as a text area, wherein at least one first area is marked as an image area in response to the determination that the at least one first area includes the image portion or the text portion not being made; processing, by the device, the image areas with halftone processing; processing, by the device, the text areas with line art processing; and outputting the processed images and processed text as a whole.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein outputting the processed images and processed text as a whole includes faxing the processed images and processed text.

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12. The server of claim 8 , wherein the page constructor is further configured for: identifying additional content based on the vertical subdomain and/or the information for the user, wherein the additional content is selected from the group consisting of an advertisement and a sponsored link; and providing the additional content in the response to the search query.

8. A server having at least one processor, storage, and a communication platform connected to a network, the server comprising: a query processor configured for receiving, at the server, a search query from a user that was sent using a client device, and for determining information for the user that is associated with the search query, wherein the information for the user includes information about a location; a general search engine configured for performing a search, in a general subdomain, and identifying general content based on the search query; a plurality of vertical search engines comprising a vertical search engine configured for performing a search, in a vertical subdomain, and identifying specialized content based on the search query, wherein the vertical subdomain is selected based on the location in the information for the user, wherein the vertical search engine is controlled by an owner of the general search engine; and a page constructor configured for providing both the specialized content and the general content as a response to the search query.

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2. The social networking platform as claimed in claim 1 , wherein: said first repository is configured to store user related information including at least registration information, user interests related information, user availability preference related information, users' behavioral patterns, user skill related information, user location information, a friend list having names of users who are affiliated to a particular user, and information corresponding to messages sent/received by said users to/from other users; and said second search module is configured to search a user's friend list for other users interested in activities associated with said event, said second search module configured to categorize said users into pre-determined invitee categories including friends interested and available category, friends interested but not available category and friends available but interest uncertain category.

3. The social networking platform as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the second search module is configured to search a user's friend list for other users interested in activities associated with said event and possessing a specific level of skill for performing the activity, said second search module configured to categorize said users into pre-determined invitee categories including friends interested and available category, friends interested but not available category and friends available but interest uncertain category.

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4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the at least one count is indicated within each of the levels based on a minimal counter.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the approximate hashing technique comprises generating a Stratified Spectral Bloom filter comprising a plurality of levels, each of the levels including a Spectral Bloom filter.

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17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12 , wherein determining the set of final letterform classes comprises: generating a plurality of parent similarity metrics for each combination of two parent nodes by comparing each combination of two parent nodes; determining whether to merge two of the parent nodes based on the plurality of parent similarity metrics; and in response to determining to merge two of the parent nodes, merging the two of the parent nodes.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17 , wherein determining the set of final letterform classes comprises, in response to determining not to merge two of the parent nodes: generating a plurality of terminal similarity metrics for each combination of two terminal nodes by comparing each combination of two terminal nodes; determining whether to merge two of the terminal nodes based on the plurality of terminal similarly metrics; and in response to determining to merge two of the terminal nodes, merging the two of the terminal nodes into a merged node.

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26. The method according to claim 24 , wherein the substring generation frequency value has a constant increment amount for all substrings or has a different increment amount for each substring.

27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein a corresponding increment amount is in reverse proportional to the number of substrings standardized by traffic amount appeared on a network and gives a larger weight to a frequency of a recent observation period when each of the substrings has a different increment amount.

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1. A method of history tracking corrections in an electronic document, wherein said electronic document is a speech-based document comprising one or more sections of text recognized or transcribed from sections of speech, wherein said sections of speech are dictated by a user and processed by a speech recognizer in a speech recognition system into corresponding sections of text of said speech-based document, said method comprising: associating at least one speech attribute with a section of text in said speech-based document, said speech attribute comprising information related to said section of text; detecting a first action being performed within said section of text; updating by at least one processor information of said at least one speech attribute related to said first action detected on said section of text for updating said speech-based document, whereby said updated information of said at least one speech attribute is used for history tracking corrections of said speech-based document; detecting a second action being performed within said section of text; and adding information for the at least one speech attribute related to the second action detected on said section of text for updating said speech-based document to the information of said at least one speech attribute related to the first action.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said action comprises changing said section of text by dictation and said updating of said at least one speech attribute is preceded by: processing said dictated correction by said speech recognizer; and including said correction at the substantially same place in said speech document where said action was performed.

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9. The mobile media consumption device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the causing of the display view to move across the visual experience is based on a movement of the display device through at least one of the following: tilts, turns, moves up, moves left, moves right, or moves down.

1. A mobile media consumption device comprising: a display device; one or more hardware processors; and one or more computer-readable storage devices storing processor-executable instructions that are executable by the one or more hardware processors to implement a storytelling module configured to: present a visual experience capable of telling a story, the story including an authored series of events and visual context, the authored series of events representing a storyline of the story, the visual context providing context for the storyline, the visual experience including story views and context views, the story views each having at least a portion of a respective event of the authored series of events, the context views each including at least a portion of the visual context for the storyline; display a portion of the visual experience on the display device based on a display view that is initially mapped to the portion of the visual experience; cause the display view to move across the visual experience and map to different portions of the visual experience based on a user input; determine whether the display view corresponds to a story view or a context view based on an amount of the respective event visually included within the display view; and perform one or more operations associated with a progression through the authored series of events based on the determination.

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1. An enhanced auto-segmentation method comprising: performing, with a processor, atlas-based auto-segmentation on a plurality of points in a subject image using atlas images to generate first data representative of at least one structure in the subject image, wherein performing the atlas-based auto-segmentation includes registering the subject image with the atlas images to map points of the subject image to points of the atlas images; applying, with the processor, a plurality of points in the subject image to a trained classifier to generate second data representative of the at least one structure in the subject image; combining, with the processor, the first data with the second data to generate third data representative of the at least one structure in the subject image; and determining, based on the third data, structure classifications associated with the subject image.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein each atlas image comprises a plurality of points, each atlas image point is associated with a label indicative of whether the associated atlas image point is classified as the at least one structure; and wherein registering the subject image with the plurality of the atlas images associates the registered subject image points with the labels that are associated with the atlas image points that were mapped to the registered subject image points; and wherein generating the first data comprises combining the labels associated with the registered subject image points according to a label fusion technique.

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4. An apparatus for allowing entities to cooperate for implementing at least one process, the apparatus being part of a computer system, comprising: a processor for: (a) producing objects by at least one entity; (b) associating each of the objects with at least one semantic term, said means for associating done by the at least one entity; (c) allocating a tuple to each of the at least one semantic terms, the tuple containing information provided by each of the objects corresponding to a meaning of the at least one semantic term, allowing the tuple to be found in at least one tuple space; (d) storing and retrieving information in the form of the tuple; (e) using the tuple to represent each of the objects involved in at least one process, wherein at least one tuple type is registered by the at least one entity; (f) representing conditions, under which the at least one entity can produce at least one of the objects by using at least one tuple template, the at least one tuple template generated by the at least one entity; (g) associating the at least one tuple template and the tuple with the at least one semantic term to form a type; (h) indicating the at least one semantic term in any order to represent a goal of the at least one process; and (i) generating streams representing chains of events composed of sequential events which terminate at the tuple corresponding to each of the at least one semantic terms.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising: a processor for: (j) replacing the at least one tuple template from the tuple, wherein the at least one tuple template and the tuple are of the same tuple type.

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11. The article of manufacture of claim 10 wherein the data causing the machine to perform processing the empty column list for the current type comprise data that, when accessed by the machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: adding a Boolean column to the column list to indicate whether an instance is of the current type; if there is a reference scheme defined for the current type, the reference scheme including one or more fact types, for each of the fact types in the reference scheme, the fact type having an identifying role which has a type: if the type of the identifying role of the fact type is a lexical type, adding the column of the lexical type to the column list; else, adding an identity-type column to the column list to represent database identity of the type of the identifying role of the fact type; and marking the current type as processed.

10. The article of manufacture of claim 8 wherein the data causing the machine to perform processing the types in the second list comprise data that, when accessed by the machine, cause the machine to perform operations comprising: setting a current type to a first type in the second list of types; if the current type has a supertype, setting the current type to be the supertype, and repeating setting the current type to be the supertype until the current type does not have a supertype; else, if the current type has not been processed, creating an empty column list, processing the empty column list for the current type, creating a database table for the current type, adding an identity-type column to the database table to represent database identity of instances of the current type, creating, for each column in a column list, a column of lexical type or of identity-type, and marking the current type as processed.

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4. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the code builder is configured to generate customized code for sending email.

1. In a computing system that includes an integrated development environment configured to receive user input for developing computing programs, a method for utilizing one or more code builders within the integrated development environment to generate customized code in response to the user input, the method comprising: providing an integrated development environment including a plurality of code builders configured to generate code for a coded program in any of multiple code languages and in one or more markup languages by applying user input to corresponding code document object models, wherein the integrated development environment further includes: a toolbox including a plurality of previously defined code builders; a programming frame, wherein the programming frame includes a plurality of alternate display views for displaying program code comprising both source code and markup language code, the alternate display views including at least a visual design view, a markup language view, a code view, and a combined view, the code view displaying source code and having a plurality of lines for source code at which source code generated by the code builders can be placed, and the combined view displaying source code mixed with markup language, and wherein displaying the markup language view comprises running a separation algorithm on the existing program, wherein running the separation algorithm includes creating a WebForms document that contains an in-memory representation of the existing program in the form of a text buffer, the WebForms document containing the separation algorithm which is run and extracts source code and markup from the existing program and maintains each separately; and an information view identifying properties associated with source code in the code view; wherein each of the toolbox, programming frame, and information view are displayed simultaneously, in a common window of the integrated development environment; receiving user input selecting one of the plurality of previously defined code builders included in the toolbox; in the code view, receiving user input selecting one of the plurality of lines for source code to identify a desired location in the code view for insertion of source code generated by the selected code builder; automatically, and in response to receiving user input selecting one of the plurality of lines as the desired location for insertion of source code generated by the selected previously defined code builder within the coded program, and before inserting customized source code at the selected one of the plurality of lines, displaying a code builder interface that overlays the common window and which prompts a user for customized input that will be used to determine at least in part the code that is generated by the code builder; receiving the customized input from the user; applying the customized input to the corresponding document object model to dynamically generate customized source code after receipt of the user input selecting one of the plurality of lines for insertion of the source code; and inserting the customized source code at the desired location within the code view of the integrated development environment.

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1. A method of outputting audio, comprising: progressively downloading a plurality of main audio data sets from a first server and a plurality of associated audio data sets from a second server, wherein the plurality of main audio data sets and the plurality of associated audio data sets are not interleaved on the first server and the second server; storing a multimedia container, wherein the multimedia container includes: the plurality of main audio data sets and the plurality of associated audio data sets, wherein the plurality of main audio data sets and the plurality of associated audio data sets are in a plurality of languages and data elements of the plurality of main audio data sets are interleaved with data elements of the plurality of associated audio data sets in the multimedia container; and synchronization information that synchronizes one of the plurality of main audio data sets and one of the plurality of associated audio data sets; receiving first selection information, wherein the first selection information corresponds to a first language of the plurality of languages; outputting a first audio data stream from the multimedia container after a defined amount of the multimedia container has been progressively downloaded and as the multimedia container is being progressively downloaded, wherein the first audio data stream corresponds to a first main audio data set of the plurality of main audio data sets in the first language; and outputting a second audio data stream from the multimedia container concurrently with outputting the first audio data stream according to the synchronization information, wherein the second audio data stream corresponds to a first associated audio data set of the plurality of associated audio data sets in the first language.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data elements of the plurality of main audio data sets and the data elements of the plurality of associated audio data sets are interleaved in the multimedia container according to a physical arrangement wherein a portion of the data elements of the plurality of main audio data sets and a corresponding portion of the data elements of the plurality of associated audio data sets that are to be output synchronously are interleaved before a next portion of video data.

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1. An emotion recognition system for automatically assessing human emotional behavior from physical phenomena indicative of the human emotional behavior, the system comprising: one or more a sensors configured to sense, the physical phenomena; and a computer processing system configured to: receive a time series of signals from the one or more sensors; identify features, in the time series of signals that are indicative of the human emotional behavior; and output a gradient, multiple-perspective assessment of the human, emotional behavior based on the identified features that includes a gradient representation of each of multiple emotional states indicated by the human emotional behavior.

14. The system of claim 1 wherein the multiple-perspective assessment includes a continuous and a discrete assessment.

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9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor further comprises: an indicator module configured to generate at least one indicator by indicating a property and an association of the associated keyword or the extended keyword provided by the search module; an indicator selecting module configured to select an indicator from the at least one indicator as a weight indicator, the selection is based on a purpose of usage of the associated keyword or the extended keyword; a weight correcting module configured to apply a weight to the weight indicator in order to change an indicator value of the weight indicator; and a simulation module configured to assess the keyword based on the weight indicator and the indicator, wherein the search module is configured to provide a keyword based on the assessment of the keyword.

15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the indicator module is configured to generate an independent indicator by indicating characteristics of the associated keyword or the extended keyword, and generate an association indicator by indicating an association between the associated keyword or the extended keyword and other keywords.

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18. A system for delivering a voice mail notification to a subscriber of a voice mail system to indicate that a voice mail message is waiting in a subscriber mailbox comprising a voice mail system having a subscriber mailbox in which voice mail messages are stored, and including means for generating a voice mail notification having a calling number of the calling party that left the voice mail message in the voice mail system, a name of the calling party, if known, and an index of the voice mail messages waiting in the subscriber mailbox, and a cellular phone network in communication with the voice mail system for receiving the generated voice mail notification from the voice mail system and forwarding the voice mail notification to a private base station used by the subscriber without subscriber intervention.

20. The system according to claim 18 wherein said private base station includes a speaker through which voice mail is played.

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1. A method comprising: acquiring, via a processor, voices of a plurality of unspecified speakers; acquiring, via the processor, noise in a predetermined place; adjusting, via the processor, a sound pressure of the noise based on sound pressures of the voices of the plurality of unspecified speakers; superimposing, via the processor, the noise whose sound pressure has been adjusted onto the voices of the plurality of unspecified speakers; and generating, via the processor, an unspecified speaker voice dictionary from features of the voices of the plurality of unspecified speakers onto which the noise has been superimposed, wherein the unspecified speaker voice dictionary is used in generating a personal voice dictionary for identifying a target speaker.

4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising: acquiring, via the processor, the voices of the plurality of unspecified speakers from a first memory storing the voices of the plurality of unspecified speakers in advance; and acquiring, via the processor, the noise from a second memory storing the noise in advance.

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2. The method of claim 1 wherein building the trust network for the querying user includes: retrieving a list of identified friends for the querying user; and adding, as a member of the trust network, at least one of the identified friends of the querying user.

1. A method for responding to a user query, the method comprising: receiving a query submitted by a querying one of a plurality of users; searching a corpus comprising a plurality of documents to identify one or more hits, wherein each hit is a document in the corpus that is determined to be relevant to the query; building a trust network for the querying user, the trust network having as members a subset of the plurality of users including at least one user other than the querying user explicitly identified by the querying user as a friend, wherein the members of the trust network are members of a selected community of users, the selected community being selected by the querying user; providing a trust network interface operable by the plurality of users to identify others of the plurality of users as friends; receiving identifications of friends from a plurality of inputting users, including the querying user, via the trust network interface; storing a list of identified friends for each inputting user; accessing a store of annotations created by the plurality of users, each annotation being associated with a subject one of the documents in the corpus and with a creating one of the plurality of users, each annotation including user-specific metadata related to the subject document, wherein the user-specific metadata included in each annotation includes a rating of the subject document; identifying, as an annotated hit, each of the hits that is the subject document of at least one matching annotation, wherein the creating user of each matching annotation is one of the members of the trust network; obtaining an annotation rating from each matching annotation, the annotation rating being a rating of the annotation, and computing an average annotation rating based at least in part on a degree of separation of the creating user in the trust network relative to the querying user; generating a search report including a listing of the hits, wherein for each annotated hit, the search report includes information about at least one of the matching annotations, wherein an order for the listing of the hits is determined based at least in part on the average annotation ratings of the annotated hits; providing in the search report, for a given annotated hit, a control element operable by the querying user to request a display of the user-specific metadata of at least one of the matching annotations; and transmitting the search report and the user-specific metadata of at least one matching annotation to the querying user.

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5. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 3 , wherein the at least one reading learner mistake comprises a jump-ahead.

3. A non-transitory computer readable medium containing an executable program for recognizing an utterance spoken by a reader, where the program performs the steps of: receiving text comprising one or more words to be read by the reader; generating a grammar for speech recognition, in accordance with the text; inserting at least one reading learner grammar feature into the grammar, wherein the at least one reading learner grammar feature comprises a recognition of at least one reading learner mistake; receiving the utterance; interpreting the utterance in accordance with the grammar; and outputting feedback indicative of reader performance.

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1. A system for managing form-generated data related to a patient encounter, the system comprising: a form having designated information fields at different locations on the form; an electronic writing system configured to generate location information that identifies the location of a user writing on the form; a contextualizer configured to translate location information related to the user writing to a contextualized data element, wherein the contextualized data element comprises contextual information that is associated with the user writing, wherein the contextualizer includes a mapping data set that maps user areas on the form to labels that are associated with the designated information fields and wherein the contextualizer is configured to identify a label from the location information by comparing the location information to the mapping data set, the contextualized data element comprising the label; and an Electronic Medical Record (EMR)/Electronic Health Record (EHR) application that utilizes the label in the contextualized data element to perform a function that is related to the user writing on the form; wherein the contextualized data element is distributed to the EMR/EHR application via a publish/subscribe protocol in which the EMR/EHR application subscribes to a specific contextualized data element by identifying the label associated with the contextualized data element.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the contextualized data element comprises root information and contextual information, wherein the contextual information explains or gives meaning to the root information.

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16. A system comprising: a data repository that stores language capabilities of users within a pre-determined user group, the language capabilities of the users within the pre-determined user group being determined automatically based on mining a corpus of electronic documents associated with the pre-determined user group; and an analysis engine comprising a processor, the analysis engine configured to: receive data entered at a user interface of a user device by a first user associated with the pre-determined user group, the data comprising an identification of a) a source language and b) a target language to which translation from the source language is requested, determine, using data from the data repository, that one or more second users of the pre-determined user group is associated with the source language and associated with the target language, each of the second users being a candidate to perform a translation from the source language to the target language, and cause an identification of the one or more second users, each of whom is a candidate to perform a translation from the source language to the target language, to be transmitted to the user device for display on the user interface; wherein the display of the identification of the one or more second users is based on a permission that allows a corresponding second user to be identified to one or more other users in the pre-determined user group.

23. The system of claim 16 , wherein the analysis engine is configured to provide the user interface on the display of the user device in response to receiving an indication that a translation task is to be performed.

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4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the diagnostic verification is performed in real time.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing, by the computer system, a diagnostic verification of the searchable data stored in the first application using the first searchable data definition.

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18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the conversion system is further configured to: receive a communication to connect in response to the recipient selecting the link; prompt the recipient to provide speech input subsequent to connecting; receive speech input from the recipient; transcribe the speech input from the recipient to text; and automatically transmit a text message including the text to the destination identified by the identifier in the link.

19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the speech input is transcribed, at least in part, using automatic speech recognition.

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2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the secondary station comprises means for using a coding scheme during the second mode which generates a code word that is a punctured version of the code word that would be generated by the coding scheme used during the first mode.

1. A radio communication system comprising a communication channel for the transmission of data from a secondary station to a primary station, the secondary station being operable in a first (normal) and a second (gated) mode and comprising means for repeatedly transmitting a coded word providing information on transport formats applicable to the channel, and means for transmitting a reduced quantity of information when operating in the second mode compared to that transmitted when operating in the first mode, and the primary station comprising means for receiving and decoding the code word, wherein the secondary station comprises means for using a different coding scheme to generate the coded word in each of the modes and the primary station comprises means for selecting one of two different decoding schemes depending on the current mode of operation of the secondary station and for decoding the coded word using the selected decoding scheme.

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34. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of web pages includes at least one web page that is not a seed page.

1. A method for producing a ranking for pages on the web, comprising: receiving a plurality of web pages, wherein the plurality of web pages are inter-linked with page links; receiving n seed pages, each seed page including at least one outgoing link to a respective web page in the plurality of web pages, wherein n is an integer greater than one; assigning, by one or more computers, a respective length to each page link and each outgoing link; identifying, by the one or more computers and from among the n seed pages, a kth-closest seed page to a first web page in the plurality of web pages according to the lengths of the links, wherein k is greater than one and less than n; determining a ranking score for the first web page from a shortest distance from the kth-closest seed page to the first web page; and producing a ranking for the first web page from the ranking score.

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14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the stream reasoning module further comprises a memory unit for storing the structured knowledge in at least one format selected from a group comprising of a Triple, n-triple, Resource Description Framework (RDF), Web Ontology Language (OWL) or combinations thereof.

13. A system for transmitting at least one real-time customized notification alert to at least one user, the system comprising: at least one electronic communication device; a sensor network comprising one or more sensor devices; a smart public alert system communicatively coupled with the at least one electronic communication device and the sensor network through a communication network; the at least one electronic communication device further comprising a user interface unit configured for retrieving relevant alerts and updating the user profile data; the smart public alert system further comprising: at least one processor electronically coupled with a memory, the memory comprising a plurality of modules executed by the at least one processor, the modules comprising: a profile database storing profile data related to plurality of users, wherein the profile data comprises user specific contextual information, demographic profile and a list of event types for which a notification alert in a specific format is desired; a reasoning module configured for reasoning a background knowledge module to pre-process, filter and extend a background knowledge stored in the background knowledge module to derive a refined structured background knowledge; a sensing module configured to sense at least one raw event feed from the at least one sensor device in the sensor network or the at least one electronic communication device; a monitoring module adapted to monitor the raw event feed sensed and to determine a raw event data and a raw context data from the received raw event feed, wherein the raw event feed is of at least one data format selected from a group comprising of text, image, video, audio, multimedia and combinations thereof, and wherein the raw event data is selected from a group comprising of traffic jams, robbery, flood, climate updates, traffic accident, road blockage, criminal activity, mutually affecting event among multiple users and combinations thereof; a context extractor module configured for extracting context from the electronic communication device and the monitoring module using a context mapping database storing the user specific contextual information; a knowledge converter module configured to convert the raw event data and the raw context data into a structured knowledge format; loading a combined structured knowledge comprising the refined structured background knowledge, the structured raw event data and the structured raw context data into a stream reasoning module; applying stream reasoning by querying the combined structured knowledge to determine if the sensed raw event feed is relevant to the profile data and the user-specific contextual information for the user; an application program module configured for processing alerts output from the stream reasoning module, transmitting the alerts to the electronic communication device and registering rules and queries received through the user interface unit to obtain the relevant alerts; and the stream reasoning module in response to the queries and rules registered adapted to stream reasoned the refined structured background knowledge, the structured raw event data and the structured raw context data to determine if the raw event feed is relevant to the profile data and the user-specific contextual information of the user and accordingly transmit the notification alert to the user interface unit through the application program module if the raw event feed is determined as relevant.

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26. The computer program product of claim 14 , further comprising computer readable code to aggregate electronic customer communication data from one or more sources based on identification of a customer from the electronic customer communication data.

14. A computer program product stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium including computer executable code for analyzing electronic customer communication data and generating behavioral assessment data, the computer program product comprising: computer readable code to receive electronic customer communication data of two or more types by a contact center, wherein at least one of the two or more types of electronic customer communication data comprises social media data, update status, media feed, social media review, or a social media data stream; computer readable code to identify a customer associated with the electronic customer communication data received by the contact center; computer readable code to analyze the electronic customer communication data by applying a predetermined linguistic-based psychological behavioral model to the electronic customer communication data for that identified customer; computer readable code to generate behavioral assessment data by the contact center based on said analyzing, the behavioral assessment data providing a personality type for the analyzed electronic customer communication data for that identified customer; and computer readable code to display instructions to a contact center agent via a reporting engine, wherein the instructions are based on the generated behavioral assessment data.

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5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising, with each successive input member actuation of the input, highlighting, on the at least some input members, a linguistic element that is assigned to an input member of each of a number of immediately preceding input member actuations and that is consistent with a correspondingly positioned linguistic element in the default language object.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein another portion of the input members each have as the number of linguistic elements assigned thereto a plurality of linguistic elements assigned thereto, and wherein the objects further comprise a disambiguation routine executable on the processor, and the method further comprises: employing the disambiguation routine to identify as a default language object a language object having at least an initial portion that corresponds with the linguistic elements of the input; and responsive to each input member actuation of the input, highlighting, on the at least some input members, a linguistic element assigned to the actuated input member that is consistent with a correspondingly positioned linguistic element in the default language object.

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11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: providing a user interface for defining profile units for display on the social networking system, the profile units including textual descriptions about a graph action and a user who performed the graph action; receiving a selection of one or more profile unit configurations from the entity external to the social networking system via the user interface for defining a new profile unit; and responsive to the selection of the profile unit configurations, generating a definition of the new profile unit, the definition comprising the profile unit configurations for use by the social networking system to display graph objects in association with graph actions having the new action type.

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein profile units further comprise a textual descriptions about a graph object associated with the graph action and the user who performed the graph action.

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13. A method for securely communicating between a host and a service application running on an external application server to allow a service application running on the external application server to access a document maintained by the host, said method comprising the steps of: initiating a communication with a selected external application server to obtain a proof key uniquely identifying a selected external application server, said proof key adapted for validating a proof signature generated by the selected external application server; receiving said proof key from the selected external application server; initiating, by the host, a transaction between the host and the external application server by transmitting an action request from the host to the service application running on the selected external application server, the action request being against an entry point associated with the service application; providing, by the host, the selected external application server with an access token and a document identifier for use in fulfilling said action request; generating said access token prior to said step of providing the selected external application server with said access token and a document identifier; receiving a metadata request comprising a proof signature, said access token, and said document identifier, said proof signature designed to be validated using said proof key; validating said proof signature using said proof key prior to responding to said metadata request; validating said access token prior to responding to said metadata request; sending a metadata response comprising selected metadata based on said action request when said proof signature and said access are valid; receiving a content request comprising said proof signature, said access token, and said document identifier; validating said proof signature prior to responding to said content request; validating said access token prior to responding to said content request; and sending a content response comprising content from the document identified by said document identifier when said proof signature and said access token are valid.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of consuming declarations for a set of method calls, each method call declared using a convention of an interface, said set of method calls comprising a method call for getting metadata about the document and a method call for getting the content of the document.

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1. A method comprising: converting a verbal component of a communication session into textual information; scanning the converted textual information for a text string to trigger an application; invoking the application to perform an action in response to the textual information, for or on behalf of a party of the communication session, to provide supplemental information about the textual information; and transmitting the supplemental information or a confirmation of the action to the party.

6. A method of claim 1 , wherein the supplemental information or the confirmation of the action is transmitted as an audio hint, haptic hint, or a visual hint.

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19. The method of claim 13 , wherein selectively firing at least one action comprises selectively firing a plurality of actions, and the method further comprises: determining a respective relevancy of each of the firing actions; and selectively performing each of the firing actions based upon the respective relevancy.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the respective relevancy of a particular one of the firing actions is based on the ones of the elements and the annotation that contributed to the respective results of the comparisons.

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9. The optical disc of claim 1 , wherein a different style is specified by at least one of a font identification, a font style, a font size, and a font color defined in the inline style information, the different style is different from the default style defined in the region style information.

1. An optical disc storing a data structure for managing reproduction of text subtitle stream by a reproducing apparatus, comprising: a data area storing a playlist including at least one playitem and at least first and second subplayitems, the playitem specifying a time based playing interval from in time until out time associated with at least one audio/video (AV) stream file including at least one audio/video (AV) stream and the first subplayitem specifying a time based playing interval from in time until out time associated with at least one text subtitle stream file including at least one text subtitle stream, the data area further storing the text subtitle stream including a first segment and a second segment, the first segment including region style information including a default style to be applied to a text subtitle region of a display screen by default, the second segment including text data to be displayed within the text subtitle region of the display screen and inline style information to be applied to a specific portion of the text data which overrides the region style information, wherein the first subplayitem indicates a plurality of independent text subtitle stream files having different language codes, respectively, and wherein the first subplayitem is associated with reproduction of the text subtitle stream and is synchronized with the playitem, and the second subplayitem is associated with reproduction of a browsable slideshow and is not synchronized with the playitem.

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16. The method of claim 14 and further comprising: displaying the generated phrase to the user; receiving the generated phrase spoken by the user; and verifying whether the phrase was spoken by the user to confirm the identity of the user.

14. A method comprising: receiving a speech audio input from a user, the speech including ambient noise signal proximate the user; and generating a phrase containing user distinguishing phonemes by a speech processor coupled to the audio input, as a function of an associated score indicative of a magnitude by which pronunciation of the distinguishing phonemes differs from that of an average user, wherein the associated score includes an ambient noise score such that the phrase has discriminability from the ambient noise, wherein the speech processor generates the phrase by searching for a phrase in a library that contains user distinguishing phonemes, and wherein the ambient noise score results in a generation of a different phrase in the presence of the ambient noise.

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27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 23 , wherein the cluster score of a video is influenced by a number of times the video was co-watched with other videos in the cluster, and the cluster scores of the other videos in the cluster that have been co-watched with the video.

23. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having executable computer program instructions embodied therein for training a classifier for a video category, actions of the computer program instructions comprising: accessing a training set of items for a category, the training set comprising a first set of videos labeled with the category; accessing a second set of unlabeled videos not labeled with the category; forming a cluster for the category, the cluster comprising labeled videos from the training set; generating a supplemental training set for the category, the supplemental training set comprising the first set of videos labeled with the category and a subset of the second set of unlabeled videos not labeled with the category, generating the supplemental training set comprising: adding to the cluster unlabeled videos from the second set that have been co-watched with one or more labeled videos in the cluster by adding the unlabeled videos to nodes of a graph representing the cluster for the category, the nodes having edges connecting with nodes of videos that are co-watched with the added unlabeled videos and the edges having weights based on the co-watch relationships; determining cluster scores for the unlabeled videos added to the cluster responsive to the weights of the edges, the cluster scores representing likelihoods that the unlabeled videos belong to the category and propagated from the labeled videos to the unlabeled videos; and pruning by removing an unlabeled video from the cluster if the cluster score of the unlabeled video is outside a threshold; training a classifier for the category using the supplemental training set for the category; and storing the classifier.

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1. A method for processing a character comprising: receiving a value corresponding to a character; determining whether the character is associated with a predetermined language based at least in part on the received value; transforming the value corresponding to the character into a transformed value that falls within a private area of Unicode if it is determined that the value corresponding to the character is not associated with the predetermined language; transforming the value corresponding to the character into a transformed value that falls outside of the private area of Unicode if it is determined that the value corresponding to the character is associated with the predetermined language; and storing a result of the transformation.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined language is English.

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4. The computer program product as set forth in claim 1 wherein the graphing comprises: plotting a smooth curve for each literary element along a set of coordinates corresponding to each literary element; encoding the smooth curve to correspond to the literary element using at least one indicia selected from the group consisting of line color, line thickness, and a broken line pattern; breaking the meta-data records into segments of the work of literature; and marking the sequential graph according to the segments.

1. A computer program product for visualizing literary elements as a graph comprising: a computer readable storage memory device; and program instructions encoded by the computer readable storage memory device for causing a processor to: receive a set of meta-data records representing the contents of a digital work of literature, wherein each meta-data record comprises a significance value for a literary element and a relationship of the literary element to one or more items selected from the group consisting of a character, and a literary plot device, and a position where the literary element occurs within a literary plot of the work of literature, and wherein the receiving of meta-data records comprises at least one action selected from the group consisting of receiving converted data from human reviews, receiving converted data from synopses, and receiving meta-data created by a computer using natural language processing and deep semantic analysis; graph the literary elements, characters and plot devices in a sequential graph having a first axis corresponding to a progression of the literary plot within the work of literature, a second axis orthogonal to the first axis corresponds to significance level, and a plurality of points located within the sequential graph as a function of the occurrence position and significance level for each literary element; and render the sequential graph to an output of the computer system.

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8. The computer implemented method of claim 7 , wherein: the one or more analyses comprise at least one of design modeling, design synthesis, schematic design implementation, schematic level simulation, physical design implementation, post-layout optimization, functional verification including one or more of formal verification, logic simulation, and intelligent verification, analog verification, physical verification including design rule check, layout versus schematic check, exclusive OR check, electrical rule check, and antenna checks, one or more simulations, or one or more analyses including timing analysis, static timing analysis, and power network analyses.

7. The computer implemented method of claim 6 , the process further comprising: instantiating an instance of the circuit design block in the mixed-signal electronic design using the virtual port, rather than the port in the circuit design block; and performing one or more analyses for the mixed-signal electronic circuit using the updated power data including the illegal signal and the instance of the circuit design block, wherein the act of implementing the mixed-signal electronic design also uses the instance of the circuit design block.

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19. The method of claim 18 , wherein each completion candidate in the list of completion candidates begins with the partial text entry.

24. A computer-readable medium having stored instructions for directing a processor unit to execute the method of claim 19 .

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1. A method executed on a computer system comprising: Receiving one or more initial search terms describing one or more objects in a server management system; Automatically determining one or more suggested search terms in response to the receiving the one or more initial search terms; Displaying the one or more suggested search terms to the user; Receiving a user selection of a subset of the one or more suggested search terms; Searching for object definitions which match the one or more search terms; Determining one or more matching objects corresponding to the object definitions which match the one or more search terms; and Reporting the one or more matching objects, wherein reporting the one or more matching objects comprises reporting that a first matching object is defined in at least a first management context and a second management context, wherein the first management context relates to management of a first category of resources, and wherein the second management context relates to management of a second category of resources.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the automatically determining the one or more suggested search terms comprises automatically determining the one or more suggested search terms based on a frequency of prior events on specific objects.

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14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the learning minimizes a difference between true labels and predicted labels of the pixels in the training data.

13. The method of claim 7 , further comprising: learning the parameters of the extracting, the combining, the decombining and the labeling using training data.

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18. The method of claim 10 , further comprising: selecting, by the data processing system, a second content item based on the first search query.

10. A method of evaluating search query terms in a computer network environment, comprising: obtaining, by a data processing system having one or more processors, from a computing device via a computer network, a first search query having a first plurality of search terms and a second search query having a second plurality of search terms; determining, by the data processing system, a relationship between the first search query and the second search query based on the first plurality of search terms and the second plurality of search terms; identifying, by the data processing system and based on the relationship between the first search query and the second search query, a search term from the first plurality of search terms and a supplemental term absent from the first search query and absent from the second search query; generating, by the data processing system, a structured search query comprising the second search query, the search term from the first plurality of search terms, and the supplemental term absent from the first search query and absent from the second search query; selecting, by the data processing system in response to the second search query and based on the structured search query comprising the second search query, the search term from the first plurality of search terms, and the supplemental term absent from the first search query and absent from the second search query, a content item comprising a uniform resource identifier comprising a representation of the structured search query, the content item configured to transmit the uniform resource identifier to a second computing device associated with the content item based on the content item receiving an indication of an input; and transmitting, to the computing device, the content item in response to the second search query.

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1. A method executed by a computer, comprising: displaying a graphical user interface (GUI) that includes a control; receiving text instructions in a natural language that semantically describe at least two of a location, type, and allowed action of the control on the GUI and instruct an application being developed to perform a user interface (UI) event on the control; executing the UI event on the control, and testing primitives in the natural language to verify automation steps produce particular results using a natural language test.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising: simulating the text instructions on the GUI; and recording the text instructions as an automation step; and replaying, on a display, the automation step.

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1. A system for determining a mapping between a textual representation in a document and a concept, comprising: a communications interface configured to receive a document; and a processor configured to: identify a set of candidate textual representations in the document; determine, the set of candidate textual representation included in the set, a set of associated concepts included in a taxonomy of concepts; and sum a plurality of category vectors to generate a document vector, each category vector associated with an associated concept of the set of associated concepts and indicating correspondence of related concepts to the associated concept; compute a set of document similarity scores for the set of associated concepts according to a correspondence of the category vectors corresponding thereto and the document vector; select at least one representative concept of the associated concepts according to the set of document similarity scores; provide as output the representative concept and a candidate textual representation of the set of candidate textual representations corresponding thereto; and a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to prune the set of candidate textual representations based at least in part on a blacklist.

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7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the phonetic scheme is stored in a format that allows the phonetic scheme to be transferred to another computer.

1. A computer-implemented method at a computing device for creating and using phonetic schemes, the method comprising: receiving input to create a phonetic scheme, the phonetic scheme comprising one or more phonetic character combinations in a source language and one or more native characters in a destination language for each of the phonetic character combinations; receiving a phonetic character combination in the source language; translating the phonetic character combination into one or more native characters in the destination language using the phonetic scheme, the phonetic character combination being translated by a phonetic input application executed by a processor of the computing device; and displaying a selectable list of suggestions of one or more native characters in the destination language, the suggestions including the one or more native characters in the destination language, a plurality of phonetic equivalents to the phonetic character combination based on the phonetic scheme, and a plurality of sound-alike equivalents to the one or more native characters in the destination language.

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3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the distance field is an adaptively sampled distance field (ADF).

1. A method for embedding symbols of a message into a document containing a set of glyphs, comprising: representing a glyph in a document as a distance field; representing a symbol in a message to be embedded in the document as a modification of a subset of values in the distance field; and modifying the subset of values in the distance field according to the modification to produce a modified glyph in a modified document, wherein the symbol in the message is embedded in the modified glyph, wherein steps of the method are performed by a processor.

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9. The method of claim 1 wherein communications of members of a first party type are grouped into a first set of clusters using a computer.

1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving a set of conversations between a member of a first party type and a member of a second party type, wherein each of the conversations includes a communication of a member of the first party type and a communication of a member of the second party type that is responsive to the communication of the member of the first party type; grouping the communications of members of the first party type into a first set of clusters; grouping the responsive communications of members of the second party type into a second set of clusters based upon the grouping of the communications of members of the first party type; and by machine, generating a set of agent type classifiers for one or more clusters in the second set of clusters, wherein generating is a step executed by a computer processor that is a functional component of the computer, said execution being part of execution, by the computer processor, of computer-readable instructions embedded on a computer-readable storage medium.

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4. The computer system of claim 3 , wherein answers for more frequently used categories are updated more often than answers for categories used less often.

3. The computer system of claim 1 , wherein the answers are received over a network before storing the answers.

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8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 6 , wherein the instructions that cause the processor to receive the expression comprise instructions that cause the processor to receive an expression that conditions a size of a model attribute when rendered in the document.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which when executed by a processor cause the processor to render a document within a native application as a user interface of a web application, non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising: instructions that cause the processor to receive a document that references one or more user interface components, wherein the document is in a native application format associated with a native application, wherein the native application includes or is in communication with an application server via an integration module of the native application, and wherein at least some of the user interface components correspond to one or more attributes of a data model of a web-based application that is in communication with the an application server; instructions that cause the processor to receive a value of a property defined by a user on an attribute of the data model, the value comprising an expression; instructions that cause the processor to receive data representing the one or more attributes of the data model from the application server responsive to processing the one or more user interface components; and instructions that cause the processor to render the document using the expression and the data, wherein the rendering the document comprises rendering the at least some of the user interface components by incorporating the data into the at least some of the user interface components based at least on evaluating the expression, and wherein the document is configured to act as a user interface for the web-based application by extending functionality provided by the web-based application to the native application, and the user interface comprises the at least some of the user interface components.

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29. The system of claim 17 , wherein the extensible engine has a main processing algorithm that engages portions of the tools and stores all intermediate results inside a plurality of data-structures.

33. The system of claim 29 , wherein the extensible engine can recognize and resolve ambiguity when different tools in the toolkit yield dissimilar outcomes.

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4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the indication of the next action comprises an indication of a transaction that is associated with the response message.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein initiating the next action comprises initiating a purchase of a product or service via a second user-account that is associated with the first user-account.

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10. A system comprising: a mobile device network; a plurality of mobile devices configured to take digital images, connect to the mobile device network, and transmit the digital images over the mobile device network; one or more computers configured to receive the digital images from the mobile devices, apply optical character recognition to extract words from the digital images, index the digital images based on the extracted words, and store the digital images for later retrieval based on received search terms; wherein the one or more computers are configured to receive indications of document type along with the digital images, select between at least two dictionary based language models according to the indications of document type, and post-process the extracted words in accordance with the selected dictionary based language model; and wherein an indication of document type comprises a user specified category selected from a group including business cards and credit card receipts.

19. The system of claim 10 , wherein the one or more computers are configured to perform correlative optical character recognition.