Datasets:

samim2024

/

llama2-dataset-train-1600row

like 0

What is the difference between football and soccer?

Whilst some believe that football and soccer are different sports they are in fact exactly the same game and simply differ in naming conventions. In England fans are passionate about the fact it should only be called by its historic original name. In North America however, where 'American Football' is a bigger sport and soccer is developing at pace, soccer is the go to name.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the difference between football and soccer? Context: Response: Whilst some believe that football and soccer are different sports they are in fact exactly the same game and simply differ in naming conventions. In England fans are passionate about the fact it should only be called by its historic original name. In North America however, where 'American Football' is a bigger sport and soccer is developing at pace, soccer is the go to name.

What's the relation between the Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Empire in Iran?

The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty.[

Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (also called Kushanshahs, or Koshano Shao in Bactrian, or Indo-Sasanians) is a historiographic term used by modern scholars to refer to a branch of the Sasanian Persians who established their rule in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE at the expense of the declining Kushans. They captured the provinces of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara from the Kushans in 225 CE. The Sasanians established governors for the Sasanian Empire, who minted their own coinage and took the title of Kushanshas, i.e. "Kings of the Kushans". They are sometimes considered as forming a "sub-kingdom" inside the Sassanid Empire.

information_extraction

Instruction: What's the relation between the Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Empire in Iran? Context: The Kushan Empire was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of modern-day territory of Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. The Sasanian or Sassanid Empire officially known as Eranshahr was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries AD. Named after the House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty.[ Response: Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom (also called Kushanshahs, or Koshano Shao in Bactrian, or Indo-Sasanians) is a historiographic term used by modern scholars to refer to a branch of the Sasanian Persians who established their rule in Bactria during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE at the expense of the declining Kushans. They captured the provinces of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara from the Kushans in 225 CE. The Sasanians established governors for the Sasanian Empire, who minted their own coinage and took the title of Kushanshas, i.e. "Kings of the Kushans". They are sometimes considered as forming a "sub-kingdom" inside the Sassanid Empire.

Which of these games are traditionally considered to be board games, and which are card games? Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Poker, Snap, Chess, Backgammon, Bridge and Scrabble.

Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are all board games. Poker, Snap and Bridge are types of card games.

classification

Instruction: Which of these games are traditionally considered to be board games, and which are card games? Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Poker, Snap, Chess, Backgammon, Bridge and Scrabble. Context: Response: Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are all board games. Poker, Snap and Bridge are types of card games.

What awards did Tendulkar receive based on the above passage? Use the format ‘Award name (year)’ in a comma separated list to present the result.

Tendulkar has received several awards from the government of India: the Arjuna Award (1994), the Khel Ratna Award (1997), the Padma Shri (1998), and the Padma Vibhushan (2008). After Tendulkar played his last match in November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award. He was the first sportsperson to receive the reward, and as of 2021, he is the youngest recipient and was the first sportsperson to receive the award. In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India. In 2010, Time included Tendulkar in its annual list of the most influential people in the world. Tendulkar was awarded the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the 2010 International Cricket Council (ICC) Awards. Having retired from ODI cricket in 2012, he retired from all forms of cricket in November 2013 after playing his 200th Test match. Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs. In 2013, Tendulkar was included in an all-time Test World XI to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, and he was the only specialist batsman of the post–World War II era, along with Viv Richards, to get featured in the team. In 2019, he was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.

Arjuna Award (1994), Khel Ratna Award (1997), Padma Shri (1998), Padma Vibhushan (2008), Bharat Ratna, Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (2010)

information_extraction

Instruction: What awards did Tendulkar receive based on the above passage? Use the format ‘Award name (year)’ in a comma separated list to present the result. Context: Tendulkar has received several awards from the government of India: the Arjuna Award (1994), the Khel Ratna Award (1997), the Padma Shri (1998), and the Padma Vibhushan (2008). After Tendulkar played his last match in November 2013, the Prime Minister's Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award. He was the first sportsperson to receive the reward, and as of 2021, he is the youngest recipient and was the first sportsperson to receive the award. In 2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India. In 2010, Time included Tendulkar in its annual list of the most influential people in the world. Tendulkar was awarded the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the 2010 International Cricket Council (ICC) Awards. Having retired from ODI cricket in 2012, he retired from all forms of cricket in November 2013 after playing his 200th Test match. Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs. In 2013, Tendulkar was included in an all-time Test World XI to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, and he was the only specialist batsman of the post–World War II era, along with Viv Richards, to get featured in the team. In 2019, he was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Response: Arjuna Award (1994), Khel Ratna Award (1997), Padma Shri (1998), Padma Vibhushan (2008), Bharat Ratna, Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (2010)

Name three different cuts of steak from a cow.

Three different cuts of steak from a cow are ribeye, sirloin, and filet.

open_qa

Instruction: Name three different cuts of steak from a cow. Context: Response: Three different cuts of steak from a cow are ribeye, sirloin, and filet.

How do you care for a dog?

Dogs are often described as a man's best friend. I have had a dog in my life since I was a young child. My father had a dog that he hunted birds alongside. We have had dogs that live indoors with the family and outdoors in their own doghouse. We have raised puppies from our dogs and given them away to friends and neighbors. Dogs provide a lot of love and companionship to everyone in the family and they can be as beloved as any human. Dogs take a great deal to care for because they are completely dependent on humans to keep them alive. A dog left out in the wild is unlikely to survive without help from a caring human. Dogs must be fed, watered, walked for exercise, socialized with other dogs and with other people as well so that they feel safe and interact safely with others. Dogs can live to between 10 and 15 years old on average so they are with a family for a long time. Dogs come in all shapes, sizes, colors, skills and are often referred to as breeds. Breeds have different characteristics and people sometimes select a dog for the breed. Sometimes dogs are neglected or left without a family to care for them and end up in temporary homes called animal shelters. These shelters provide a safe haven for a dog until a suitable owner is matched. Many of the best dogs that a family gets come from a shelter.

open_qa

Instruction: How do you care for a dog? Context: Response: Dogs are often described as a man's best friend. I have had a dog in my life since I was a young child. My father had a dog that he hunted birds alongside. We have had dogs that live indoors with the family and outdoors in their own doghouse. We have raised puppies from our dogs and given them away to friends and neighbors. Dogs provide a lot of love and companionship to everyone in the family and they can be as beloved as any human. Dogs take a great deal to care for because they are completely dependent on humans to keep them alive. A dog left out in the wild is unlikely to survive without help from a caring human. Dogs must be fed, watered, walked for exercise, socialized with other dogs and with other people as well so that they feel safe and interact safely with others. Dogs can live to between 10 and 15 years old on average so they are with a family for a long time. Dogs come in all shapes, sizes, colors, skills and are often referred to as breeds. Breeds have different characteristics and people sometimes select a dog for the breed. Sometimes dogs are neglected or left without a family to care for them and end up in temporary homes called animal shelters. These shelters provide a safe haven for a dog until a suitable owner is matched. Many of the best dogs that a family gets come from a shelter.

Who is the company Swiss Re

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written. Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015.

Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written. Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015.

summarization

Instruction: Who is the company Swiss Re Context: Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written. Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015. Response: Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written. Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015.

From the passage provided, extract the name of the 37th speaker of the House of Commons of Canada

The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over Canada's House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system. The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota, since December 5, 2019. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days.

The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the name of the 37th speaker of the House of Commons of Canada Context: The speaker of the House of Commons (French: président de la Chambre des communes) is the presiding officer of the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. A member of Parliament (MP), they are elected at the beginning of each new parliament by fellow MPs. The speaker's role in presiding over Canada's House of Commons is similar to that of speakers elsewhere in other countries that use the Westminster system. The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota, since December 5, 2019. The speaker with the longest tenure is Peter Milliken who was elected for four consecutive terms lasting 10 years, 124 days. Response: The 37th and current speaker of the House of Commons is Anthony Rota

What colors would you use for a futuristic logo?

Colors such as blue, silver, grey and white evoke a feel of futurism and would be well suited to a futuristic logo.

brainstorming

Instruction: What colors would you use for a futuristic logo? Context: Response: Colors such as blue, silver, grey and white evoke a feel of futurism and would be well suited to a futuristic logo.

What is the use of a vaccine?

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.

Vaccines can be used to provide immunity to a specific disease or infection. It works by stimulating the body's immune system to be able to identify and destroy threat agents.

information_extraction

Instruction: What is the use of a vaccine? Context: A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. Response: Vaccines can be used to provide immunity to a specific disease or infection. It works by stimulating the body's immune system to be able to identify and destroy threat agents.

What is an audible?

An audible can be used to describe how one can be prepared for changing circumstances. When asked an unexpected question, one is able to pivot their prepared response for another.

general_qa

Instruction: What is an audible? Context: Response: An audible can be used to describe how one can be prepared for changing circumstances. When asked an unexpected question, one is able to pivot their prepared response for another.

How to write a college essay?

A college essay is likely the most important part of your college application. While it's important to be factual about the writing, the essay is meant to demonstrate you as a unique person, that's set apart from the other applicants. Examples are unique experiences that changed the path of your life; special activities you have involved with that made a difference to others' lives, and interests that you have devoted much of your spare time on. The goal is help the admission officer to know you from aspects other than your grades and SAT scores, and evaluate whether you are good fit for the culture of the college you are applying for.

open_qa

Instruction: How to write a college essay? Context: Response: A college essay is likely the most important part of your college application. While it's important to be factual about the writing, the essay is meant to demonstrate you as a unique person, that's set apart from the other applicants. Examples are unique experiences that changed the path of your life; special activities you have involved with that made a difference to others' lives, and interests that you have devoted much of your spare time on. The goal is help the admission officer to know you from aspects other than your grades and SAT scores, and evaluate whether you are good fit for the culture of the college you are applying for.

Classify the following as being either being a type of shark or a type of bird: hammerhead, eagle, tiger, sawtooth, blacktip, oriole, osprey, falcon, great white.

Hammerhead, tiger, sawtooth, blacktip, and great white are types of sharks. Eagle, oriole, osprey, and falcon are types of birds.

classification

Instruction: Classify the following as being either being a type of shark or a type of bird: hammerhead, eagle, tiger, sawtooth, blacktip, oriole, osprey, falcon, great white. Context: Response: Hammerhead, tiger, sawtooth, blacktip, and great white are types of sharks. Eagle, oriole, osprey, and falcon are types of birds.

What's Jiang's theoretical contribution?

Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping. Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982. Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform". Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai.

The Three Represents

closed_qa

Instruction: What's Jiang's theoretical contribution? Context: Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping. Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982. Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform". Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai. Response: The Three Represents

What is RBI?

The Reserve Bank of India, chiefly known as RBI, is India's central bank and regulatory body responsible for regulation of the Indian banking system. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is responsible for the control, issue and maintaining supply of the Indian rupee. It also manages the country's main payment systems and works to promote its economic development. Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (BRBNM) is a specialised division of RBI through which it prints and mints Indian currency notes (INR) in four of its currency printing presses located in Nashik (Maharashtra; Western India), Dewas (Madhya Pradesh; Central India), Mysore (Karnataka; Southern India) and Salboni (West Bengal; Eastern India). The RBI established the National Payments Corporation of India as one of its specialised division to regulate the payment and settlement systems in India. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation was established by RBI as one of its specialised division for the purpose of providing insurance of deposits and guaranteeing of credit facilities to all Indian banks.

open_qa

Instruction: What is RBI? Context: Response: The Reserve Bank of India, chiefly known as RBI, is India's central bank and regulatory body responsible for regulation of the Indian banking system. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is responsible for the control, issue and maintaining supply of the Indian rupee. It also manages the country's main payment systems and works to promote its economic development. Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (BRBNM) is a specialised division of RBI through which it prints and mints Indian currency notes (INR) in four of its currency printing presses located in Nashik (Maharashtra; Western India), Dewas (Madhya Pradesh; Central India), Mysore (Karnataka; Southern India) and Salboni (West Bengal; Eastern India). The RBI established the National Payments Corporation of India as one of its specialised division to regulate the payment and settlement systems in India. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation was established by RBI as one of its specialised division for the purpose of providing insurance of deposits and guaranteeing of credit facilities to all Indian banks.

Tell me the country of these cities: Tokyo, London, New York, Taipei

These are the corresponding countries of the cities you listed out: Tokyo: Japan London: United Kingdom New York: United States Taipei: Taiwan

classification

Instruction: Tell me the country of these cities: Tokyo, London, New York, Taipei Context: Response: These are the corresponding countries of the cities you listed out: Tokyo: Japan London: United Kingdom New York: United States Taipei: Taiwan

Which of the companies in this list are social media platforms: Twitter, Amazon, Instagram, Square, Venmo, Tiktok, Apple.

In this list, Twitter, Instagram, and Tiktok are social media platforms.

classification

Instruction: Which of the companies in this list are social media platforms: Twitter, Amazon, Instagram, Square, Venmo, Tiktok, Apple. Context: Response: In this list, Twitter, Instagram, and Tiktok are social media platforms.

which country surrounds India?

India shares borders with many countries like China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Burma. India is also surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.

open_qa

Instruction: which country surrounds India? Context: Response: India shares borders with many countries like China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Burma. India is also surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.

What is an adjective?

An adjective is a describing word for a noun or proper noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing, and a proper noun is the name of person. An adjective would be as describing word like beautiful, smart, or fun. Examples using these adjectives are the following: she is beautiful person, bounce house is fun place, or sally is a very smart person.

open_qa

Instruction: What is an adjective? Context: Response: An adjective is a describing word for a noun or proper noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing, and a proper noun is the name of person. An adjective would be as describing word like beautiful, smart, or fun. Examples using these adjectives are the following: she is beautiful person, bounce house is fun place, or sally is a very smart person.

Identify the musical interval (e.g perfect fifth, major third) associated with the following pairs of notes: C-G G-B E-A C-Fsharp Eflat-C D-Csharp B-F

C-G : perfect fifth G-B: major third E-A: perfect fourth C-Fsharp: augmented fourth Eflat-C: major sixth D-Csharp: major seventh B-F: diminished fifth

classification

Instruction: Identify the musical interval (e.g perfect fifth, major third) associated with the following pairs of notes: C-G G-B E-A C-Fsharp Eflat-C D-Csharp B-F Context: Response: C-G : perfect fifth G-B: major third E-A: perfect fourth C-Fsharp: augmented fourth Eflat-C: major sixth D-Csharp: major seventh B-F: diminished fifth

When was world war 2?

World War 2 started in September 1939. France and Britain declared war on Germany. They did this after Hitler decided to invade Poland. World War 2 would last for 6 years, and no other war in history would take as many lives as World War 2 did. In December 1941 the United States would get involved in the second world war after Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor.

open_qa

Instruction: When was world war 2? Context: Response: World War 2 started in September 1939. France and Britain declared war on Germany. They did this after Hitler decided to invade Poland. World War 2 would last for 6 years, and no other war in history would take as many lives as World War 2 did. In December 1941 the United States would get involved in the second world war after Japan decided to bomb Pearl Harbor.

What was the first full-length animated movie that Disney released?

"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" was the first full-length animated Disney movie, released in 1937.

open_qa

Instruction: What was the first full-length animated movie that Disney released? Context: Response: "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" was the first full-length animated Disney movie, released in 1937.

How long do you need to train before running a marathon?

Experts recommend at least 3-6 months of training before running a marathon for the first time. This also depends on your physical fitness when you start training.

general_qa

Instruction: How long do you need to train before running a marathon? Context: Response: Experts recommend at least 3-6 months of training before running a marathon for the first time. This also depends on your physical fitness when you start training.

What is underwriting?

Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter. The term "underwriting" derives from the Lloyd's of London insurance market. Financial backers (or risk takers), who would accept some of the risk on a given venture (historically a sea voyage with associated risks of shipwreck) in exchange for a premium, would literally write their names under the risk information that was written on a Lloyd's slip created for this purpose.

open_qa

Instruction: What is underwriting? Context: Response: Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created in a number of situations including insurance, issues of security in a public offering, and bank lending, among others. The person or institution that agrees to sell a minimum number of securities of the company for commission is called the underwriter. The term "underwriting" derives from the Lloyd's of London insurance market. Financial backers (or risk takers), who would accept some of the risk on a given venture (historically a sea voyage with associated risks of shipwreck) in exchange for a premium, would literally write their names under the risk information that was written on a Lloyd's slip created for this purpose.

Given a reference text about Kostas Georgakis, when did he go to Italy and what did he do there?

Kostas Georgakis (Greek: Κώστας Γεωργάκης) (23 August 1948 – 19 September 1970) was a Greek student of geology, who in the early hours of 19 September 1970, set himself ablaze in Matteotti square in Genoa in a fatal protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos. Early life Georgakis grew up in Corfu in a family of five. His father was a self-employed tailor of modest means. Both his father and grandfather distinguished themselves in the major wars that Greece fought in the 20th century. He attended the second lyceum in Corfu where he excelled in his studies. In August 1967, a few months after the 21 April coup in Greece, Georgakis went to Italy to study as a geologist in Genoa. He received 5,000 drachmas per month from his father and this, according to friends' testimony, made him feel guilty for the financial burden his family endured so that he could attend a university. In Italy he met Rosanna, an Italian girl of the same age and they got engaged. In 1968 Georgakis became a member of the Center Union party of Georgios Papandreou.

Kostas Georgakis went to Genoa, Italy in 1967 to study geology.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given a reference text about Kostas Georgakis, when did he go to Italy and what did he do there? Context: Kostas Georgakis (Greek: Κώστας Γεωργάκης) (23 August 1948 – 19 September 1970) was a Greek student of geology, who in the early hours of 19 September 1970, set himself ablaze in Matteotti square in Genoa in a fatal protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos. Early life Georgakis grew up in Corfu in a family of five. His father was a self-employed tailor of modest means. Both his father and grandfather distinguished themselves in the major wars that Greece fought in the 20th century. He attended the second lyceum in Corfu where he excelled in his studies. In August 1967, a few months after the 21 April coup in Greece, Georgakis went to Italy to study as a geologist in Genoa. He received 5,000 drachmas per month from his father and this, according to friends' testimony, made him feel guilty for the financial burden his family endured so that he could attend a university. In Italy he met Rosanna, an Italian girl of the same age and they got engaged. In 1968 Georgakis became a member of the Center Union party of Georgios Papandreou. Response: Kostas Georgakis went to Genoa, Italy in 1967 to study geology.

Give me some strategies for charity fundraising

Ask for donations or clothes, toys and other bric-a-brac and have a car boot sale. Organise fun nights in - or out - such as karaoke, talent contests and a fancy dress day. Run a raffle - ask friends and family to donate prizes. Organise a charity car wash at work, or at home.

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me some strategies for charity fundraising Context: Response: Ask for donations or clothes, toys and other bric-a-brac and have a car boot sale. Organise fun nights in - or out - such as karaoke, talent contests and a fancy dress day. Run a raffle - ask friends and family to donate prizes. Organise a charity car wash at work, or at home.

What is Augusta National Golf Club?

Augusta National Golf Club was founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States

Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta is a private Golf Club in Augusta Georgia that was opened in 1932. Augusta is famously known for hosting the Masters Tournament which is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course.

summarization

Instruction: What is Augusta National Golf Club? Context: Augusta National Golf Club was founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States Response: Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta is a private Golf Club in Augusta Georgia that was opened in 1932. Augusta is famously known for hosting the Masters Tournament which is one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course.

Extract from the text what are the Proteins functions in the organism, and separate them with a comma,

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity.

catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, transporting molecules from one location to another

information_extraction

Instruction: Extract from the text what are the Proteins functions in the organism, and separate them with a comma, Context: Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. Response: catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, transporting molecules from one location to another

How can I learn to snowboad?

While there are many different ways to learn how to snowboard, here are some of the more common ones: 1. Take a professional lesson. These are typically offered as half-day or full-day, and either as a private lesson or in a group of typically up to eight people. 2. Have a friend teach you. This is a more cost-conscious way, however, ensure that your friend knows how to properly teach. 3. Teach yourself. Utilize video tutorials found on various sites and get out there and try it. Remember that snowboarding, while fun, is still an activity that could cause harm, so be sure to always wear a properly fitting helmet.

general_qa

Instruction: How can I learn to snowboad? Context: Response: While there are many different ways to learn how to snowboard, here are some of the more common ones: 1. Take a professional lesson. These are typically offered as half-day or full-day, and either as a private lesson or in a group of typically up to eight people. 2. Have a friend teach you. This is a more cost-conscious way, however, ensure that your friend knows how to properly teach. 3. Teach yourself. Utilize video tutorials found on various sites and get out there and try it. Remember that snowboarding, while fun, is still an activity that could cause harm, so be sure to always wear a properly fitting helmet.

Sort these into breakfast or dinner foods: Waffles, pancakes, turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, bacon and eggs, egg drop soup

The breakfast foods are waffles, pancakes and bacon and eggs. The dinner foods are turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, and egg drop soup

classification

Instruction: Sort these into breakfast or dinner foods: Waffles, pancakes, turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, bacon and eggs, egg drop soup Context: Response: The breakfast foods are waffles, pancakes and bacon and eggs. The dinner foods are turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, and egg drop soup

Write an essay describing why baseball should be considered America's pastime.

Baseball is the oldest professional sport in America. It began in the late 1800s. The sport dates back to to the civil war era, which is where it started to become known as America's pastime. It coincides with a plethora of historical and cultural aspects of life in America. While the game has a vast amount of historical significance, it also seems to reflect changes that occur in our society. For example, over the past several decades we have seen a huge influx in players from all over the globe, with greater representation from countries like Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Japan and many others. America has always been considered a land of opportunity and this is evident with baseball. The MLB is the most prestigious league when it comes to baseball and is dream destination for any player. If you are good enough, you are sometime given the opportunity to play here. Recently we have seen a huge increase in the international representation of players in the league. As times have changed and the world has become more global, we also see this transpire in baseball. Baseball is America's pastime because it is a preservation of historical values, but also adapts and reflects current cultural values, which always keeps it relevant.

creative_writing

Instruction: Write an essay describing why baseball should be considered America's pastime. Context: Response: Baseball is the oldest professional sport in America. It began in the late 1800s. The sport dates back to to the civil war era, which is where it started to become known as America's pastime. It coincides with a plethora of historical and cultural aspects of life in America. While the game has a vast amount of historical significance, it also seems to reflect changes that occur in our society. For example, over the past several decades we have seen a huge influx in players from all over the globe, with greater representation from countries like Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Japan and many others. America has always been considered a land of opportunity and this is evident with baseball. The MLB is the most prestigious league when it comes to baseball and is dream destination for any player. If you are good enough, you are sometime given the opportunity to play here. Recently we have seen a huge increase in the international representation of players in the league. As times have changed and the world has become more global, we also see this transpire in baseball. Baseball is America's pastime because it is a preservation of historical values, but also adapts and reflects current cultural values, which always keeps it relevant.

Explain the use of screens in basketball

In basketball, when a team has the ball, one person may set a screen by blocking a defender with his body but making sure his hands are not extended. This allows the person with the ball to pass, shoot, etc. without issuing any fouls. If the person setting a screen moves while screening, the referee will call a moving screen and the ball will be inbounded by the person who moved while screening from the half court line. In any case, screens do not foul the screener for contact unless they are to do physical contact with their hands or feet.

open_qa

Instruction: Explain the use of screens in basketball Context: Response: In basketball, when a team has the ball, one person may set a screen by blocking a defender with his body but making sure his hands are not extended. This allows the person with the ball to pass, shoot, etc. without issuing any fouls. If the person setting a screen moves while screening, the referee will call a moving screen and the ball will be inbounded by the person who moved while screening from the half court line. In any case, screens do not foul the screener for contact unless they are to do physical contact with their hands or feet.

Kingsway a 3 km stretch was built as a ceremonial boulevard by whom?

Edwin Lutyens & Herbert Baker

open_qa

Instruction: Kingsway a 3 km stretch was built as a ceremonial boulevard by whom? Context: Response: Edwin Lutyens & Herbert Baker

What factors should I considering when selecting a tennis racquet?

There are a series of factors when considering to purchase a tennis racquets. Primary factors include head size, length, weight, stiffness, and swingweight Head size - Power is closely correlated to head size - the larger the head size, the more power can be generated, all other factors being equal. A larger head size also provides larger hitting area and 'sweetspot'. Smaller head sizes tend to equate to more control and maneuverability. Length - The standard length is a 27 inches, but can range from 26.5 inches to 29 inches. A longer racquets provides more reach and often results in more power. Similar to head size, longer racquets may limit maneuverability and control. Weight - The heavier the racquet, the more power you will generate (increasing the 'swingweight') of the racquet. The lighter the racquet, the more maneuverable and easier it will be for players to get the racket to the right swing position. The balance of the racquet is also critical as part of weight. A more head light racket (more weight in the handle) provides increased maneuverability, especially when using a heavier racquet. A more balanced or head heavy racket are often reserved for lighter racquets to maintain the mass behind the ball Stiffness - Generally speaking, the stiffer the racket, the less energy is lost as the ball is redirected with your racquet and thus, creating more power. More flexible racquets allow for more feel and control. Flexible racquets provide more comfort as less shock and impact is transferred to the arm and elbow. Swingweight - Swingweight measures how heavy a racquet feels when you swing it and the amount of power you can transfer to the ball. Higher swingweight will also provide more stability in the racquet but will sacrifice maneuverability.

general_qa

Instruction: What factors should I considering when selecting a tennis racquet? Context: Response: There are a series of factors when considering to purchase a tennis racquets. Primary factors include head size, length, weight, stiffness, and swingweight Head size - Power is closely correlated to head size - the larger the head size, the more power can be generated, all other factors being equal. A larger head size also provides larger hitting area and 'sweetspot'. Smaller head sizes tend to equate to more control and maneuverability. Length - The standard length is a 27 inches, but can range from 26.5 inches to 29 inches. A longer racquets provides more reach and often results in more power. Similar to head size, longer racquets may limit maneuverability and control. Weight - The heavier the racquet, the more power you will generate (increasing the 'swingweight') of the racquet. The lighter the racquet, the more maneuverable and easier it will be for players to get the racket to the right swing position. The balance of the racquet is also critical as part of weight. A more head light racket (more weight in the handle) provides increased maneuverability, especially when using a heavier racquet. A more balanced or head heavy racket are often reserved for lighter racquets to maintain the mass behind the ball Stiffness - Generally speaking, the stiffer the racket, the less energy is lost as the ball is redirected with your racquet and thus, creating more power. More flexible racquets allow for more feel and control. Flexible racquets provide more comfort as less shock and impact is transferred to the arm and elbow. Swingweight - Swingweight measures how heavy a racquet feels when you swing it and the amount of power you can transfer to the ball. Higher swingweight will also provide more stability in the racquet but will sacrifice maneuverability.

During which year Emperor Shapur II learned to play polo?

The game's English name derives from the Balti language, from its word for 'ball', polo. It is cognate with the Standard Tibetan pulu, also meaning 'ball'. Although the exact origins of the game are not certain, many scholars suggest it most likely began as a simple game played by Iranic and Turkic equestrian nomads in Central Asia. An archaic variation of polo, regionally referred to as buzkashi or kokpar, is still played in parts of Central Asia. It was developed and formalised in Ancient Iran (Persia) as "chovgan" (čowgān), becoming a national sport played extensively by the nobility. Women played as well as men. During the period of the Parthian Empire (247 BC to 224 AD), the sport had great patronage under the kings and noblemen. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, the Persian ball game was an important pastime in the court of the Sasanian Empire (224–651). It was also part of the royal education for the Sasanian ruling class. Emperor Shapur II learnt to play polo at age seven in 316 AD.

316 AD

closed_qa

Instruction: During which year Emperor Shapur II learned to play polo? Context: The game's English name derives from the Balti language, from its word for 'ball', polo. It is cognate with the Standard Tibetan pulu, also meaning 'ball'. Although the exact origins of the game are not certain, many scholars suggest it most likely began as a simple game played by Iranic and Turkic equestrian nomads in Central Asia. An archaic variation of polo, regionally referred to as buzkashi or kokpar, is still played in parts of Central Asia. It was developed and formalised in Ancient Iran (Persia) as "chovgan" (čowgān), becoming a national sport played extensively by the nobility. Women played as well as men. During the period of the Parthian Empire (247 BC to 224 AD), the sport had great patronage under the kings and noblemen. According to The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, the Persian ball game was an important pastime in the court of the Sasanian Empire (224–651). It was also part of the royal education for the Sasanian ruling class. Emperor Shapur II learnt to play polo at age seven in 316 AD. Response: 316 AD

Identify from the following list characters from The X-Files who are bald or balding: Walter Skinner, John Fitzgerald Byers, Dana Scully, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold, Queequeg

Walter Skinner, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold

classification

Instruction: Identify from the following list characters from The X-Files who are bald or balding: Walter Skinner, John Fitzgerald Byers, Dana Scully, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold, Queequeg Context: Response: Walter Skinner, Melvin Frohike, Darius Michaud, Peter Watts, Conrad Strughold

what is Financial centre

A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.[

A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries (such as banks and brokers), institutional investors (such as investment managers, pension funds, insurers, and hedge funds), and issuers (such as companies and governments). Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), that is directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services. The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres (IFCs), such as New York City, London, and Singapore; Regional Financial Centres (RFCs), such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Frankfurt, and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs), such as Cayman Islands, Dublin, and Hong Kong. The City of London (the "Square Mile") is one of the oldest financial centres. London is ranked as one of the largest International Financial Centres in the world. International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full–service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax–neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations (e.g. Luxembourg), or city-states (e.g. Singapore). The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore are both Offshore Financial Centres and Regional Financial Centres). Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens.

information_extraction

Instruction: what is Financial centre Context: A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.[ Response: A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries (such as banks and brokers), institutional investors (such as investment managers, pension funds, insurers, and hedge funds), and issuers (such as companies and governments). Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), that is directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services. The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres (IFCs), such as New York City, London, and Singapore; Regional Financial Centres (RFCs), such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Frankfurt, and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs), such as Cayman Islands, Dublin, and Hong Kong. The City of London (the "Square Mile") is one of the oldest financial centres. London is ranked as one of the largest International Financial Centres in the world. International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full–service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax–neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations (e.g. Luxembourg), or city-states (e.g. Singapore). The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore are both Offshore Financial Centres and Regional Financial Centres). Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens.

What is the lowest point on Earth?

The Challenger Deep, located in the western Pacific Ocean is the deepest known point of the seabed of Earth, with a depth of 10,902 -10,929 m or 35,768 - 35,856 ft.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the lowest point on Earth? Context: Response: The Challenger Deep, located in the western Pacific Ocean is the deepest known point of the seabed of Earth, with a depth of 10,902 -10,929 m or 35,768 - 35,856 ft.

Tell me whether these are animals or apache projects or both: Kudu, Impala, Alligator, Ant, Camel, Flink, Spark, Flume, Tomcat, Dog, Elephant

Animals: Alligator, Dog, Elephant Apache Projects: Flink, Spark, Flume Both animals and Apache projects: Kudu, Impala, Ant, Camel, Tomcat

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether these are animals or apache projects or both: Kudu, Impala, Alligator, Ant, Camel, Flink, Spark, Flume, Tomcat, Dog, Elephant Context: Response: Animals: Alligator, Dog, Elephant Apache Projects: Flink, Spark, Flume Both animals and Apache projects: Kudu, Impala, Ant, Camel, Tomcat

Which is a species of fish? Pleco or Place

Pleco

classification

Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Pleco or Place Context: Response: Pleco

Who is Richard Wayne Bogosian?

Richard Wayne Bogosian (born July 18, 1937) is an American diplomat.

Richard Wayne Bogosian (born July 18, 1937) is an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador to Chad from 1990 to 1993 and Niger from 1985 to 1988. He graduated from Tufts College with an A.B. in 1959 and the University of Chicago with a J.D. in 1962. He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1962. He oversaw many diplomatic posts, including at the Foreign Service Institute from 1962 to 1963, in the Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs at the Department of State in 1963, at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq from 1963 to 1965, at the Foreign Service Institute again in 1965, as vice consul for the U.S. Embassy in Paris, France, from 1966 to 1968, in the Bureau of Near East and South Asian Affairs at the Department of State from 1968 to 1969, in the Bureau for Intelligence and Research at the Department of State from 1969 to 1971, and in the Foreign Service Institute for Economics in 1972. He was chief of the economic section at the U.S. Embassy in Kuwait from 1972 to 1976, and Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, from 1976 to 1979. From 1976 to 1979, Bogosian was the chief of the Aviation Negotiations Division. He was the Director of East African Affairs from 1982 to 1985, and was nominated to be the United States Ambassador to Niger on August 1, 1985, by President Ronald Reagan. From 1988 to 1990 he was the Director of the Office of Monetary Affairs.In 1990, Bogosian became the United States Ambassador to Chad from 1990 to 1993. From 1993 to 1994, he was the Coordinator at the U.S. Liaison Office in Mogadishu, Somalia, and Coordinator for Rwanda and Burundi from 1996 to 1997, after the Rwandan genocide. Bogosian speaks Arabic and French. He is married to Claire Marie Bogosian, and has three children.

summarization

Instruction: Who is Richard Wayne Bogosian? Context: Richard Wayne Bogosian (born July 18, 1937) is an American diplomat. Response: Richard Wayne Bogosian (born July 18, 1937) is an American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador to Chad from 1990 to 1993 and Niger from 1985 to 1988. He graduated from Tufts College with an A.B. in 1959 and the University of Chicago with a J.D. in 1962. He joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 1962. He oversaw many diplomatic posts, including at the Foreign Service Institute from 1962 to 1963, in the Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs at the Department of State in 1963, at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq from 1963 to 1965, at the Foreign Service Institute again in 1965, as vice consul for the U.S. Embassy in Paris, France, from 1966 to 1968, in the Bureau of Near East and South Asian Affairs at the Department of State from 1968 to 1969, in the Bureau for Intelligence and Research at the Department of State from 1969 to 1971, and in the Foreign Service Institute for Economics in 1972. He was chief of the economic section at the U.S. Embassy in Kuwait from 1972 to 1976, and Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Khartoum, Sudan, from 1976 to 1979. From 1976 to 1979, Bogosian was the chief of the Aviation Negotiations Division. He was the Director of East African Affairs from 1982 to 1985, and was nominated to be the United States Ambassador to Niger on August 1, 1985, by President Ronald Reagan. From 1988 to 1990 he was the Director of the Office of Monetary Affairs.In 1990, Bogosian became the United States Ambassador to Chad from 1990 to 1993. From 1993 to 1994, he was the Coordinator at the U.S. Liaison Office in Mogadishu, Somalia, and Coordinator for Rwanda and Burundi from 1996 to 1997, after the Rwandan genocide. Bogosian speaks Arabic and French. He is married to Claire Marie Bogosian, and has three children.

Name some famous songs by the Beatles

Some songs by the Beatles are Penny Lane, Yellow Submarine, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Let It Be and Here Comes the Sun

open_qa

Instruction: Name some famous songs by the Beatles Context: Response: Some songs by the Beatles are Penny Lane, Yellow Submarine, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Let It Be and Here Comes the Sun

Which land mammal has the best hearing?

Bats have the best hearing among land mammals

open_qa

Instruction: Which land mammal has the best hearing? Context: Response: Bats have the best hearing among land mammals

Based on the provided text, place the following books in chronological order: The Fox in the Attic, In Hazard: A Sea Story, A High Wind in Jamaica, and The Wooden Shepherdess

"The Fox in the Attic" was originally published in 1961 by Chatto & Windus: London as v. 1 of The Human Predicament trilogy, and then in the United States by Harper & Brothers: New York. This was 23 years after Hughes's previous novel, In Hazard: A Sea Story, and 33 years after A High Wind in Jamaica, which was a best seller in the United Kingdom and America.It was published the following year in Sweden (Stockholm: Norstedt) as Räven på vinden. The second novel in The Human Predicament trilogy, The Wooden Shepherdess, was published in 1973 by Chatto & Windus: London; it carries on the story to 1934 and the Night of the Long Knives. The third and final novel was left unfinished, but the completed twelve chapters were included in the 2000 New York Review of Books edition of The Wooden Shepherdess.

The order of the books are as follows: 1) A High Wind in Jamaica 2) In Hazard: A Sea Story 3) The Fox in the Attic 4) The Wooden Shepherdess

closed_qa

Instruction: Based on the provided text, place the following books in chronological order: The Fox in the Attic, In Hazard: A Sea Story, A High Wind in Jamaica, and The Wooden Shepherdess Context: "The Fox in the Attic" was originally published in 1961 by Chatto & Windus: London as v. 1 of The Human Predicament trilogy, and then in the United States by Harper & Brothers: New York. This was 23 years after Hughes's previous novel, In Hazard: A Sea Story, and 33 years after A High Wind in Jamaica, which was a best seller in the United Kingdom and America.It was published the following year in Sweden (Stockholm: Norstedt) as Räven på vinden. The second novel in The Human Predicament trilogy, The Wooden Shepherdess, was published in 1973 by Chatto & Windus: London; it carries on the story to 1934 and the Night of the Long Knives. The third and final novel was left unfinished, but the completed twelve chapters were included in the 2000 New York Review of Books edition of The Wooden Shepherdess. Response: The order of the books are as follows: 1) A High Wind in Jamaica 2) In Hazard: A Sea Story 3) The Fox in the Attic 4) The Wooden Shepherdess

Which US city is known to be the bachelorette party center of the country, besides Las Vegas?

Nashville, TN

open_qa

Instruction: Which US city is known to be the bachelorette party center of the country, besides Las Vegas? Context: Response: Nashville, TN

Write a review of Roger Zalazny's Lord of Light

Brilliant. Since I'm not Indian, this doesn't feel like cultural appropriation to me. I really did enjoy the imaginative scifi here. Advanced enough technology does become magic. Sam and Yama have an awesome bromance and they work together to tear down the unjust hierarchy. Somehow I make the book sound way more lame than what it actually is. I'll stop here.

general_qa

Instruction: Write a review of Roger Zalazny's Lord of Light Context: Response: Brilliant. Since I'm not Indian, this doesn't feel like cultural appropriation to me. I really did enjoy the imaginative scifi here. Advanced enough technology does become magic. Sam and Yama have an awesome bromance and they work together to tear down the unjust hierarchy. Somehow I make the book sound way more lame than what it actually is. I'll stop here.

Given this paragraph about the domestication of mammals, tell me the earliest known time period in which dairying occurred and also give me the location.

Humans first learned to consume the milk of other mammals regularly following the domestication of animals during the Neolithic Revolution or the development of agriculture. This development occurred independently in several global locations from as early as 9000–7000 BC in Mesopotamia to 3500–3000 BC in the Americas. People first domesticated the most important dairy animals – cattle, sheep and goats – in Southwest Asia, although domestic cattle had been independently derived from wild aurochs populations several times since. Initially animals were kept for meat, and archaeologist Andrew Sherratt has suggested that dairying, along with the exploitation of domestic animals for hair and labor, began much later in a separate secondary products revolution in the fourth millennium BC. Sherratt's model is not supported by recent findings, based on the analysis of lipid residue in prehistoric pottery, that shows that dairying was practiced in the early phases of agriculture in Southwest Asia, by at least the seventh millennium BC. From Southwest Asia domestic dairy animals spread to Europe (beginning around 7000 BC but did not reach Britain and Scandinavia until after 4000 BC), and South Asia (7000–5500 BC). The first farmers in central Europe and Britain milked their animals. Pastoral and pastoral nomadic economies, which rely predominantly or exclusively on domestic animals and their products rather than crop farming, were developed as European farmers moved into the Pontic–Caspian steppe in the fourth millennium BC, and subsequently spread across much of the Eurasian steppe. Sheep and goats were introduced to Africa from Southwest Asia, but African cattle may have been independently domesticated around 7000–6000 BC.

The earliest known dairying occurred between 9000-7000 BC in Mesopotamia.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this paragraph about the domestication of mammals, tell me the earliest known time period in which dairying occurred and also give me the location. Context: Humans first learned to consume the milk of other mammals regularly following the domestication of animals during the Neolithic Revolution or the development of agriculture. This development occurred independently in several global locations from as early as 9000–7000 BC in Mesopotamia to 3500–3000 BC in the Americas. People first domesticated the most important dairy animals – cattle, sheep and goats – in Southwest Asia, although domestic cattle had been independently derived from wild aurochs populations several times since. Initially animals were kept for meat, and archaeologist Andrew Sherratt has suggested that dairying, along with the exploitation of domestic animals for hair and labor, began much later in a separate secondary products revolution in the fourth millennium BC. Sherratt's model is not supported by recent findings, based on the analysis of lipid residue in prehistoric pottery, that shows that dairying was practiced in the early phases of agriculture in Southwest Asia, by at least the seventh millennium BC. From Southwest Asia domestic dairy animals spread to Europe (beginning around 7000 BC but did not reach Britain and Scandinavia until after 4000 BC), and South Asia (7000–5500 BC). The first farmers in central Europe and Britain milked their animals. Pastoral and pastoral nomadic economies, which rely predominantly or exclusively on domestic animals and their products rather than crop farming, were developed as European farmers moved into the Pontic–Caspian steppe in the fourth millennium BC, and subsequently spread across much of the Eurasian steppe. Sheep and goats were introduced to Africa from Southwest Asia, but African cattle may have been independently domesticated around 7000–6000 BC. Response: The earliest known dairying occurred between 9000-7000 BC in Mesopotamia.

Why Rock Climbing so popular? Is rock climbing a good sport?

Rock Climbing became mainstream in the last decade after the release of the movie Free Solo and Dawn Wall. It is a fun sport, where you team up with a partner who will belay you as you climb up. Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that often tests a climber's strength, endurance, agility, and balance along with his or her mental control. It is a great sport to get in shape as well as to bui

general_qa

Instruction: Why Rock Climbing so popular? Is rock climbing a good sport? Context: Response: Rock Climbing became mainstream in the last decade after the release of the movie Free Solo and Dawn Wall. It is a fun sport, where you team up with a partner who will belay you as you climb up. Rock climbing is a physically and mentally demanding sport, one that often tests a climber's strength, endurance, agility, and balance along with his or her mental control. It is a great sport to get in shape as well as to bui

Please provide a brief summary of Le Souvenir français.

Le Souvenir français is a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, comparable to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Médaille du Souvenir Français.gif It was created in 1887 in the departments of Alsace and Lorraine. Young women in traditional dress had been furtively placing cockades on soldiers' tombs. An Alsatian professor, Xavier Niessen, against Prussian orders in these departments, was keen to show his membership of the French fatherland and thought that remembering those who had died for France allowed the feeling of national unity to be maintained. Thus, on 7 March 1888 he summoned the French to join his new association, which then had a highly active period. It is one of France's oldest associations d’utilité publique (being recognised as such on 1 February 1906) and has three aims: to conserve the memory of those who have died for France to maintain memorials to France's war dead to hand down the memory of them to future generations Many of its supporters were mobilised in the First World War, with the remaining ones looking after war graves and accompanying the families of the war dead on visits to them. The association was then in charge of 88,000 burials from the Franco-Prussian War and could only handle 1,700,000 burials of dead from the First World War. Thus the law of 31 July 1920 created the "service national des sépultures", took charge of military cemeteries and organised nationals necropolises. After the Second World War general Lacapelle, president of Le Souvenir Français, demanded the identification of 100,000 French soldiers who had died the battle of France and the maintenance of their tombs. It has a general delegation by department, around 1,450 local committees in France and 52 foreign delegations. It now has 130,000 active members.

Le Souvenir français is a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, created in 1887 in Alsace and Lorraine. It has three aims: to conserve the memory of those who have died for France, maintain memorials to France's war dead, and hand down the memory of them to future generations. It has a general delegation by department, 1,450 local committees in France and 52 foreign delegations, and now has 130,000 active members.

summarization

Instruction: Please provide a brief summary of Le Souvenir français. Context: Le Souvenir français is a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, comparable to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Médaille du Souvenir Français.gif It was created in 1887 in the departments of Alsace and Lorraine. Young women in traditional dress had been furtively placing cockades on soldiers' tombs. An Alsatian professor, Xavier Niessen, against Prussian orders in these departments, was keen to show his membership of the French fatherland and thought that remembering those who had died for France allowed the feeling of national unity to be maintained. Thus, on 7 March 1888 he summoned the French to join his new association, which then had a highly active period. It is one of France's oldest associations d’utilité publique (being recognised as such on 1 February 1906) and has three aims: to conserve the memory of those who have died for France to maintain memorials to France's war dead to hand down the memory of them to future generations Many of its supporters were mobilised in the First World War, with the remaining ones looking after war graves and accompanying the families of the war dead on visits to them. The association was then in charge of 88,000 burials from the Franco-Prussian War and could only handle 1,700,000 burials of dead from the First World War. Thus the law of 31 July 1920 created the "service national des sépultures", took charge of military cemeteries and organised nationals necropolises. After the Second World War general Lacapelle, president of Le Souvenir Français, demanded the identification of 100,000 French soldiers who had died the battle of France and the maintenance of their tombs. It has a general delegation by department, around 1,450 local committees in France and 52 foreign delegations. It now has 130,000 active members. Response: Le Souvenir français is a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, created in 1887 in Alsace and Lorraine. It has three aims: to conserve the memory of those who have died for France, maintain memorials to France's war dead, and hand down the memory of them to future generations. It has a general delegation by department, 1,450 local committees in France and 52 foreign delegations, and now has 130,000 active members.

Why is the Alabama's football team called the Crimson Tide?

The football team was called the Thin Red Line or some may know it as the Crimson White. During 1907 The University of Alabama played their rival Auburn in Birmingham, AL and the soil described as an iron rich color later turned into red mud and stained the Alabama football players white jerseys. It is known that Sports editor Hugh Roberts said the team played like a "Crimson Tide" and since then the name remained.

open_qa

Instruction: Why is the Alabama's football team called the Crimson Tide? Context: Response: The football team was called the Thin Red Line or some may know it as the Crimson White. During 1907 The University of Alabama played their rival Auburn in Birmingham, AL and the soil described as an iron rich color later turned into red mud and stained the Alabama football players white jerseys. It is known that Sports editor Hugh Roberts said the team played like a "Crimson Tide" and since then the name remained.

What is the difference between American Football and European Football?

Prior to American Football coming into existence, European Football was played throughout the world as an athletic sport that entailed kicking a round ball into an opponent's goal. European Football is typically played on a grass turf surface called a pitch. European Football was actually first called soccer before its adoption by the entire world and ended up settling on the name football. This is where the common confusion surrounds European Football and American Football. American Football, created much later than European Football, is played with a pig skin with a prolate shape on a grass turf surface, much like European Football. In American Football, instead of using their feet, players use their hands to pass the ball to one another through the air or hand the ball off to one another and attempt to run into the opponent's endzone. When European Football eventually came to the United States, the moniker soccer remained with the sport. This is why European Football is the same as American Soccer and American Football is not the same as European Football.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the difference between American Football and European Football? Context: Response: Prior to American Football coming into existence, European Football was played throughout the world as an athletic sport that entailed kicking a round ball into an opponent's goal. European Football is typically played on a grass turf surface called a pitch. European Football was actually first called soccer before its adoption by the entire world and ended up settling on the name football. This is where the common confusion surrounds European Football and American Football. American Football, created much later than European Football, is played with a pig skin with a prolate shape on a grass turf surface, much like European Football. In American Football, instead of using their feet, players use their hands to pass the ball to one another through the air or hand the ball off to one another and attempt to run into the opponent's endzone. When European Football eventually came to the United States, the moniker soccer remained with the sport. This is why European Football is the same as American Soccer and American Football is not the same as European Football.

In what year did George Washington die and how old was he?

Washington's death came more swiftly than expected. On his deathbed, out of fear of being entombed alive, he instructed his private secretary Tobias Lear to wait three days before his burial. According to Lear, Washington died between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. on December 14, 1799, with Martha seated at the foot of his bed. His last words were "'Tis well", from his conversation with Lear about his burial. He was 67.

George Washington died in the year 1799 at the age of 67.

closed_qa

Instruction: In what year did George Washington die and how old was he? Context: Washington's death came more swiftly than expected. On his deathbed, out of fear of being entombed alive, he instructed his private secretary Tobias Lear to wait three days before his burial. According to Lear, Washington died between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. on December 14, 1799, with Martha seated at the foot of his bed. His last words were "'Tis well", from his conversation with Lear about his burial. He was 67. Response: George Washington died in the year 1799 at the age of 67.

What are the unethical behaviors in the corporate world? Illustrate with an example.

Boeing 737 Max Boeing is an American multinational company that manufactures aircraft, military equipment, rockets, missiles, and telecommunication equipment. The Boeing 737 series aircraft is the most popular commercial jet in the world. In March 2019 and December 2020, the Boeing 737 Max commercial jets belonging to Ethiopian and LION Air crashed, grounding the 737 Max jets. These incidents triggered the crisis at Boeing. The Boeing 737 Max crisis is a classic example of chained unethical behaviors exhibited by an organization and how one unethical behavior quickly led to another in an attempt to cover up the previous one. Motivated blindness Motivated blindness was the initial cause for the people involved in the 737 Max jet design. It started with Boeing’s chief technical test pilot, David Forkner, who repeatedly spotted erratic behavior on the jets MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System). Despite egregious MCAS, David later urged FAA (Federal Aviation Authority) to remove the MCAS mentioned from the 737 Max instruction manual. Boeing management failed to overlook David ForKner’s and other faults and chose to remain ignorant. Indirect blindness Similarly, a lot is afoul with FAA. Months before the crash of 2 jets, Boeing had known about the issues and delayed the flight data submission to FAA. Despite the warnings from FAA, Boeing got away with it quickly. The indirect blindness of the FAA added insult to injury to the crisis. Slippery slope Boeing was on a slippery slope, and the downward spiral continued with David Forkner requesting FAA to remove the mentions of MCAS from the jet’s instruction manual. Another test pilot, Gustavsson, claimed that David Forkner kept him out of the loop. Overvaluing outcomes On the whole, Boeing was unaware of the looming crisis and, at every stage, was overvaluing the outcomes of getting the jet out of the production lines and getting it FAA-approved. Recommendations The managers at Boeing must implement processes that root out conflicts of interest. For example, when David Forkner captured the erratic behavior of MCAS, the stringent process to capture test data and the data must be published to a governance board to resolve any conflict of interest. Similarly, for FAA-related transactions and interactions, the governance board must oversee whether the transactions might invite unethical behavior and take ownership of the implications. Boeing’s governance board must continuously monitor for trivial ethical infractions and address them immediately. It has to examine both “good” and “bad” decisions for their ethical implications.

creative_writing

Instruction: What are the unethical behaviors in the corporate world? Illustrate with an example. Context: Response: Boeing 737 Max Boeing is an American multinational company that manufactures aircraft, military equipment, rockets, missiles, and telecommunication equipment. The Boeing 737 series aircraft is the most popular commercial jet in the world. In March 2019 and December 2020, the Boeing 737 Max commercial jets belonging to Ethiopian and LION Air crashed, grounding the 737 Max jets. These incidents triggered the crisis at Boeing. The Boeing 737 Max crisis is a classic example of chained unethical behaviors exhibited by an organization and how one unethical behavior quickly led to another in an attempt to cover up the previous one. Motivated blindness Motivated blindness was the initial cause for the people involved in the 737 Max jet design. It started with Boeing’s chief technical test pilot, David Forkner, who repeatedly spotted erratic behavior on the jets MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System). Despite egregious MCAS, David later urged FAA (Federal Aviation Authority) to remove the MCAS mentioned from the 737 Max instruction manual. Boeing management failed to overlook David ForKner’s and other faults and chose to remain ignorant. Indirect blindness Similarly, a lot is afoul with FAA. Months before the crash of 2 jets, Boeing had known about the issues and delayed the flight data submission to FAA. Despite the warnings from FAA, Boeing got away with it quickly. The indirect blindness of the FAA added insult to injury to the crisis. Slippery slope Boeing was on a slippery slope, and the downward spiral continued with David Forkner requesting FAA to remove the mentions of MCAS from the jet’s instruction manual. Another test pilot, Gustavsson, claimed that David Forkner kept him out of the loop. Overvaluing outcomes On the whole, Boeing was unaware of the looming crisis and, at every stage, was overvaluing the outcomes of getting the jet out of the production lines and getting it FAA-approved. Recommendations The managers at Boeing must implement processes that root out conflicts of interest. For example, when David Forkner captured the erratic behavior of MCAS, the stringent process to capture test data and the data must be published to a governance board to resolve any conflict of interest. Similarly, for FAA-related transactions and interactions, the governance board must oversee whether the transactions might invite unethical behavior and take ownership of the implications. Boeing’s governance board must continuously monitor for trivial ethical infractions and address them immediately. It has to examine both “good” and “bad” decisions for their ethical implications.

Given this paragraph about Kevum, explain when it is typically consumed?

Kevum or Kavum is a deep-fried Sri Lankan sweet made from rice flour and kithul (sugar-palm) treacle, with a number of variants adding additional ingredients. It is also known as oil cake. Kevum is traditionally given and consumed during celebrations of Sinhala and Tamil New Year.

It's consumed usually for Sinahala and Tamil celebrations. Particularly, the New Year.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this paragraph about Kevum, explain when it is typically consumed? Context: Kevum or Kavum is a deep-fried Sri Lankan sweet made from rice flour and kithul (sugar-palm) treacle, with a number of variants adding additional ingredients. It is also known as oil cake. Kevum is traditionally given and consumed during celebrations of Sinhala and Tamil New Year. Response: It's consumed usually for Sinahala and Tamil celebrations. Particularly, the New Year.

What is Easter?

Easter is Christian holiday that reminds us of Jesus getting raised from the dead or the resurrection of Jesus. This is described in the Bible in the New Testament happening on the third day after his crucifixion. The Romans were the one's responsible for the Crucifixion. Easter is commemorated with fasting, and an Easter Egg hunt for the kids on Easter Sunday.

open_qa

Instruction: What is Easter? Context: Response: Easter is Christian holiday that reminds us of Jesus getting raised from the dead or the resurrection of Jesus. This is described in the Bible in the New Testament happening on the third day after his crucifixion. The Romans were the one's responsible for the Crucifixion. Easter is commemorated with fasting, and an Easter Egg hunt for the kids on Easter Sunday.

Tell me whether each airline is American or European: British Airways, United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Jet Blue, Easy Jet, Ryan Air

British Airways: European United Airlines: American Southwest Airlines: American Jet Blue: American Easy Jet: European Ryan Air: European

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether each airline is American or European: British Airways, United Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Jet Blue, Easy Jet, Ryan Air Context: Response: British Airways: European United Airlines: American Southwest Airlines: American Jet Blue: American Easy Jet: European Ryan Air: European

From the passage provided, extract the year Kabaddi was added to Asian Games

Kabaddi is a sport developed centered on Jallikattu. It is common among the Ayar tribal people who lived in the Mullai geographical region of ancient Tamil Nadu. A player going to the opposition is treated like a Bull. It is like taming a bull without touching it, as it is mentioned in Sangam Literature that the game called Sadugudu was practised since ages. There are also accounts of Gautam Buddha having played the game recreationally. There is another version to this sport origins and rich history, Legend has it that kabaddi originated in Tamil Nadu over 4,000 years ago. The game was said to have been popular among the Yadava people. An Abhang by Tukaram stated that the lord Krishna played the game in his youth. Modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in the Indian subcontinent. India has been first credited with having helped to popularise kabaddi as a competitive sport, with the first organized competitions occurring in the 1920s, their introduction to the programme of the Indian Olympic Games in 1938, the establishment of the All-India Kabaddi Federation in 1950, and it being played as a demonstration sport at the inaugural 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. These developments helped to formalize the sport, which had traditionally been played in villages, for legitimate international competition. After being demonstrated again at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi, Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990.

Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the year Kabaddi was added to Asian Games Context: Kabaddi is a sport developed centered on Jallikattu. It is common among the Ayar tribal people who lived in the Mullai geographical region of ancient Tamil Nadu. A player going to the opposition is treated like a Bull. It is like taming a bull without touching it, as it is mentioned in Sangam Literature that the game called Sadugudu was practised since ages. There are also accounts of Gautam Buddha having played the game recreationally. There is another version to this sport origins and rich history, Legend has it that kabaddi originated in Tamil Nadu over 4,000 years ago. The game was said to have been popular among the Yadava people. An Abhang by Tukaram stated that the lord Krishna played the game in his youth. Modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in the Indian subcontinent. India has been first credited with having helped to popularise kabaddi as a competitive sport, with the first organized competitions occurring in the 1920s, their introduction to the programme of the Indian Olympic Games in 1938, the establishment of the All-India Kabaddi Federation in 1950, and it being played as a demonstration sport at the inaugural 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. These developments helped to formalize the sport, which had traditionally been played in villages, for legitimate international competition. After being demonstrated again at the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi, Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990. Response: Kabaddi was added to the Asian Games programme beginning in 1990.

What are the key features introduced by Apple in their iPhone since its creation which makes it so popular and innovative?

Development of an Apple smartphone began in 2004, when Apple started to gather a team of 1,000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall, and design officer Jony Ive, to work on the highly confidential "Project Purple". Then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which was later revisited in the form of the iPad) towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (later renamed AT&T Mobility) at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.According to Jobs in 1998, the "i" word in "iMac" (and therefore "iPod", "iPhone" and "iPad") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire. Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful "iTunes phone" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano. Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T. On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality. First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the "world's thinnest smartphone"; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime. Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed "antennagate". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10. The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector. The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames. On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed "bendgate". The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and "Portrait" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos. The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with "Neural Engine" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED "Super Retina" display with a "bezel-less" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a "notch" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch. The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the "Smart HDR" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful "Neural Engine".[ The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD "Liquid Retina" display, with a "bezel-less" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS. The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor. The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED "Super Retina XDR" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications. The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower "notch" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate "ProMotion" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE. The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled "Dynamic Island".

The iPhone was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology. Since the iPhone's launch, it gained larger screen sizes, video-recording, waterproofing, and many accessibility features. Up to iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, iPhones had a single button on the front panel with the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. Since iPhone X, iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel-less front screen design with Face ID facial recognition, and app switching activated by gestures.

summarization

Instruction: What are the key features introduced by Apple in their iPhone since its creation which makes it so popular and innovative? Context: Development of an Apple smartphone began in 2004, when Apple started to gather a team of 1,000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall, and design officer Jony Ive, to work on the highly confidential "Project Purple". Then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which was later revisited in the form of the iPad) towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (later renamed AT&T Mobility) at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.According to Jobs in 1998, the "i" word in "iMac" (and therefore "iPod", "iPhone" and "iPad") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire. Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful "iTunes phone" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano. Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T. On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality. First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the "world's thinnest smartphone"; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime. Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed "antennagate". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10. The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector. The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames. On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed "bendgate". The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and "Portrait" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos. The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with "Neural Engine" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED "Super Retina" display with a "bezel-less" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a "notch" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch. The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the "Smart HDR" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful "Neural Engine".[ The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD "Liquid Retina" display, with a "bezel-less" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS. The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor. The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED "Super Retina XDR" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications. The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower "notch" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate "ProMotion" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE. The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled "Dynamic Island". Response: The iPhone was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology. Since the iPhone's launch, it gained larger screen sizes, video-recording, waterproofing, and many accessibility features. Up to iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, iPhones had a single button on the front panel with the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. Since iPhone X, iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel-less front screen design with Face ID facial recognition, and app switching activated by gestures.

Let's play a game of tic tac toe. I'll be X and you be O. Unplayed squares will be "_". I'll get first. _ _ _ _ O _ _ _ _

Fun! Here's my next move: _ _ _ _ O X _ _ _

general_qa

Instruction: Let's play a game of tic tac toe. I'll be X and you be O. Unplayed squares will be "_". I'll get first. _ _ _ _ O _ _ _ _ Context: Response: Fun! Here's my next move: _ _ _ _ O X _ _ _

What are the words of House Oakheart?

"Our Roots Go Deep"

open_qa

Instruction: What are the words of House Oakheart? Context: Response: "Our Roots Go Deep"

What is the best football club in the world in 23 between Arsenal, Real Madrid, Napoli, Manchester City, and Bayern Munich?

The answer is : 1. Manchester City 2. Bayern Munich 3. Napoli 4. Real Madrid 5. Arsenal

classification

Instruction: What is the best football club in the world in 23 between Arsenal, Real Madrid, Napoli, Manchester City, and Bayern Munich? Context: Response: The answer is : 1. Manchester City 2. Bayern Munich 3. Napoli 4. Real Madrid 5. Arsenal

Given a reference text about Run Towards the Danger, tell me how many essays are part of the collection.

Run Towards the Danger is a 2022 Canadian essay collection by Sarah Polley, a former child star, director, and screenwriter. The six essays in the collection examine aspects of Polley's career on stage, screen, and on film detailing her roles in a Stratford Festival production of Alice Through the Looking Glass, as well as her breakout roles in The Adventures of Baron Munchausen and the TV series Road to Avonlea. The book also revealed for the first time that Polley had been a victim of Jian Ghomeshi who sexually and physically assaulted her when she was 16 and he was 28.

Six essays are part of the Run Towards the Danger essay collection.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given a reference text about Run Towards the Danger, tell me how many essays are part of the collection. Context: Run Towards the Danger is a 2022 Canadian essay collection by Sarah Polley, a former child star, director, and screenwriter. The six essays in the collection examine aspects of Polley's career on stage, screen, and on film detailing her roles in a Stratford Festival production of Alice Through the Looking Glass, as well as her breakout roles in The Adventures of Baron Munchausen and the TV series Road to Avonlea. The book also revealed for the first time that Polley had been a victim of Jian Ghomeshi who sexually and physically assaulted her when she was 16 and he was 28. Response: Six essays are part of the Run Towards the Danger essay collection.

What is Sci-fi fantasy?

Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scientifically logical; while a conventional fantasy story contains mostly supernatural and artistic elements that disregard the scientific laws of the real world. The world of science fantasy, however, is laid out to be scientifically logical and often supplied with hard science–like explanations of any supernatural elements.

Sci-fi fantasy is a hybrid genre that combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy.

information_extraction

Instruction: What is Sci-fi fantasy? Context: Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scientifically logical; while a conventional fantasy story contains mostly supernatural and artistic elements that disregard the scientific laws of the real world. The world of science fantasy, however, is laid out to be scientifically logical and often supplied with hard science–like explanations of any supernatural elements. Response: Sci-fi fantasy is a hybrid genre that combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy.

Classify each country as landlocked or not landlocked: China, Bolivia, Paraguay, Morocco, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland

China: Not Landlocked Bolivia: Landlocked Paraguay: Landlocked Morocco: Not Landlocked Ireland: Not Landlocked Austria: Landlocked Switzerland: Landlocked

classification

Instruction: Classify each country as landlocked or not landlocked: China, Bolivia, Paraguay, Morocco, Ireland, Austria, Switzerland Context: Response: China: Not Landlocked Bolivia: Landlocked Paraguay: Landlocked Morocco: Not Landlocked Ireland: Not Landlocked Austria: Landlocked Switzerland: Landlocked

Given a reference text about In the House, when was it originally on TV and what channel played it?

In the House is an American television sitcom that originally aired on NBC from April 10, 1995 and moved to UPN after its second season. The show starred LL Cool J as Marion Hill a former professional football player with the Oakland Raiders. Because of his financial predicament, he is forced to rent out most of the rooms in his house to newly divorced single mother Jackie Warren (Debbie Allen) and her two children, Tiffany (Maia Campbell) and Austin (Jeffery Wood). In the third season, Jackie and Austin move to Nashville, leaving Tiffany to stay with Marion in order to finish school in Los Angeles; Marion purchases a sports rehabilitation facility with the boisterous Tonia (Kim Wayans) and the pompous Maxwell (Alfonso Ribeiro), leading to the trio's attempts to work together despite their clashing personalities.

In the House was aired on NBC on April 10, 1995

closed_qa

Instruction: Given a reference text about In the House, when was it originally on TV and what channel played it? Context: In the House is an American television sitcom that originally aired on NBC from April 10, 1995 and moved to UPN after its second season. The show starred LL Cool J as Marion Hill a former professional football player with the Oakland Raiders. Because of his financial predicament, he is forced to rent out most of the rooms in his house to newly divorced single mother Jackie Warren (Debbie Allen) and her two children, Tiffany (Maia Campbell) and Austin (Jeffery Wood). In the third season, Jackie and Austin move to Nashville, leaving Tiffany to stay with Marion in order to finish school in Los Angeles; Marion purchases a sports rehabilitation facility with the boisterous Tonia (Kim Wayans) and the pompous Maxwell (Alfonso Ribeiro), leading to the trio's attempts to work together despite their clashing personalities. Response: In the House was aired on NBC on April 10, 1995

Identify the bird from the list: Lint, Linnet, Lining

Linnet

classification

Instruction: Identify the bird from the list: Lint, Linnet, Lining Context: Response: Linnet

What is a typical Humpback Whale migration pattern

Humpback whales will typically feed in the summer months off the rich waters of Alaska, northern Canada and eastern Russia, and begin their migration to warmer waters of Hawaii or Mexico starting in mid-fall to breed. The migration takes about 6 to 8 weeks and they begin arriving in Hawaii in late October/early November. They will stay in warmer regions to breed and calve their babies during winter, and will start their migration back to the polar regions by late March or April. It is estimated that up to 14,000 whales make this migration to Hawaii every winter.

general_qa

Instruction: What is a typical Humpback Whale migration pattern Context: Response: Humpback whales will typically feed in the summer months off the rich waters of Alaska, northern Canada and eastern Russia, and begin their migration to warmer waters of Hawaii or Mexico starting in mid-fall to breed. The migration takes about 6 to 8 weeks and they begin arriving in Hawaii in late October/early November. They will stay in warmer regions to breed and calve their babies during winter, and will start their migration back to the polar regions by late March or April. It is estimated that up to 14,000 whales make this migration to Hawaii every winter.

Give me a list of the Adventure motorbikes that I can buy on my LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) restriction, living in Australia

This is not a comprehensive list but you can use this as a starting point: Kawasaki Versys-X 300 Kawazaki KLR650 Honda CRF300 Rally BMW G 310 GS KTM 390 Adventure Honda CB500XA Yamaha XT250 Yamaha WR250R Suzuki V-Strom 650XT Royal Enfield Himalayan Suzuki DRZ400/DR650

open_qa

Instruction: Give me a list of the Adventure motorbikes that I can buy on my LAMS (Learner Approved Motorcycle Scheme) restriction, living in Australia Context: Response: This is not a comprehensive list but you can use this as a starting point: Kawasaki Versys-X 300 Kawazaki KLR650 Honda CRF300 Rally BMW G 310 GS KTM 390 Adventure Honda CB500XA Yamaha XT250 Yamaha WR250R Suzuki V-Strom 650XT Royal Enfield Himalayan Suzuki DRZ400/DR650

Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Rolls-Royce, Ford

Ford is American, Rolls-Royce is British

classification

Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Rolls-Royce, Ford Context: Response: Ford is American, Rolls-Royce is British

Who directed the most episodes of season five of Game of Thrones?

No one director had more episodes than any other in season five of Game of Thrones. Of the ten episodes, there were five directors who each directed two episodes: Michael Slovis, Mark Mylod, Jeremy Podeswa, Miguel Sapochnik, and David Nutter.

open_qa

Instruction: Who directed the most episodes of season five of Game of Thrones? Context: Response: No one director had more episodes than any other in season five of Game of Thrones. Of the ten episodes, there were five directors who each directed two episodes: Michael Slovis, Mark Mylod, Jeremy Podeswa, Miguel Sapochnik, and David Nutter.

Where did Gretel attend primary school?

Gretel Beer was born in Vienna into a Jewish family. She was mostly raised by her aunt Olga Springer (Bechin, Bohemia 1879–1942 Maly Trostenets extermination camp) the widow of a physician (in 1937: 9th district, Porzellangasse 45), as her mother Regina Weidenfeld née Pisk died when Margaret was six years old and her father, Dionys (Duny) Weidenfeld, did not keep up a household. (At Porzellangasse, until 1938 Eric Pleskow and Ari Rath spent their childhood, as they told the Austrian broadcaster ORF in 2012.) After attending primary school at Marchegg, a small town east of Vienna near the border with Slovakia, she attended a federal Realschule at Vereinsgasse in Vienna's 2nd district, where many Jewish Viennese lived. In the spring of 1938, after the annexation of Austria by Germany, she and 48 other pupils were forced to leave this school and attend a Jewish class elsewhere in Vienna. At the entrance hall of her school, which is now called Bundesrealgymnasium Vereinsgasse, since 1989 the names of the expelled pupils are displayed on a memorial inscription.

Gretel Beer attended primary school in Marchegg, in east of Vienna.

closed_qa

Instruction: Where did Gretel attend primary school? Context: Gretel Beer was born in Vienna into a Jewish family. She was mostly raised by her aunt Olga Springer (Bechin, Bohemia 1879–1942 Maly Trostenets extermination camp) the widow of a physician (in 1937: 9th district, Porzellangasse 45), as her mother Regina Weidenfeld née Pisk died when Margaret was six years old and her father, Dionys (Duny) Weidenfeld, did not keep up a household. (At Porzellangasse, until 1938 Eric Pleskow and Ari Rath spent their childhood, as they told the Austrian broadcaster ORF in 2012.) After attending primary school at Marchegg, a small town east of Vienna near the border with Slovakia, she attended a federal Realschule at Vereinsgasse in Vienna's 2nd district, where many Jewish Viennese lived. In the spring of 1938, after the annexation of Austria by Germany, she and 48 other pupils were forced to leave this school and attend a Jewish class elsewhere in Vienna. At the entrance hall of her school, which is now called Bundesrealgymnasium Vereinsgasse, since 1989 the names of the expelled pupils are displayed on a memorial inscription. Response: Gretel Beer attended primary school in Marchegg, in east of Vienna.

Give me a list of some characteristics of a good coffee shop?

Some characteristics of good coffee shops include: - Very good coffee, either freshly roasted locally or acquired from a quality roaster - High end coffee grinders, brewing machines, and a high quality espresso machine and well-trained baristas - Different coffee roast options (i.e. medium roast, dark roast) and brewing methods (i.e. drip coffee and pour-over) available - A variety of cafe fare, such as pastries and croissants, available for purchase to accompany coffee - Ample seating, with power outlets available by most seats.

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of some characteristics of a good coffee shop? Context: Response: Some characteristics of good coffee shops include: - Very good coffee, either freshly roasted locally or acquired from a quality roaster - High end coffee grinders, brewing machines, and a high quality espresso machine and well-trained baristas - Different coffee roast options (i.e. medium roast, dark roast) and brewing methods (i.e. drip coffee and pour-over) available - A variety of cafe fare, such as pastries and croissants, available for purchase to accompany coffee - Ample seating, with power outlets available by most seats.

Classify these Indian cities into states that they are in. Hyderabad, Kolkata, Purulia, Medak, Warangal, Darjeeling

West Bengal - Kolkata, Purulia, Darjeeling Telengana - Hyderabad, Medak, Warangal

classification

Instruction: Classify these Indian cities into states that they are in. Hyderabad, Kolkata, Purulia, Medak, Warangal, Darjeeling Context: Response: West Bengal - Kolkata, Purulia, Darjeeling Telengana - Hyderabad, Medak, Warangal

If you were a vegetable, what vegetable would you be?

Only vegetables are vegetables. Computers are not vegetables. Algorithms are not vegetables. Vegetables are healthy and delicious. They are nutritious and full of vitamins. It is possible to use your imagination to consider what kind of vegetable you would like to be. If I was a vegetable, because I am named after a sheep, I would like to be a vegetable that sheep enjoy eating. Sheep enjoy eating winter squash, so I would like to be a winter squash if I had to choose a vegetable to be.

general_qa

Instruction: If you were a vegetable, what vegetable would you be? Context: Response: Only vegetables are vegetables. Computers are not vegetables. Algorithms are not vegetables. Vegetables are healthy and delicious. They are nutritious and full of vitamins. It is possible to use your imagination to consider what kind of vegetable you would like to be. If I was a vegetable, because I am named after a sheep, I would like to be a vegetable that sheep enjoy eating. Sheep enjoy eating winter squash, so I would like to be a winter squash if I had to choose a vegetable to be.

Which band sang No Sleep Till Brooklyn?

The Beastie Boys

open_qa

Instruction: Which band sang No Sleep Till Brooklyn? Context: Response: The Beastie Boys

What is contemporary style of dance?

Contemporary style lets the dancer move in a way that expresses their full emotions. Through elements of jazz, lyrical, ballet and modern dance styles creates the new generation of movement.

general_qa

Instruction: What is contemporary style of dance? Context: Response: Contemporary style lets the dancer move in a way that expresses their full emotions. Through elements of jazz, lyrical, ballet and modern dance styles creates the new generation of movement.

Classify each of the following as either a root vegetable or a fruit: cassava, ube, strawberry, carrot, potato, banana, blueberry, yam, lime

Root vegetable: cassava, ube, carrot, potato, yam Fruit: strawberry, banana, blueberry, lime

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a root vegetable or a fruit: cassava, ube, strawberry, carrot, potato, banana, blueberry, yam, lime Context: Response: Root vegetable: cassava, ube, carrot, potato, yam Fruit: strawberry, banana, blueberry, lime

Of the following Quentin Tarantino films, which did he just write and direct, and which did he write, direct, and produce? Reservoir Dogs Pulp Fiction Jackie Brown Kill Bill: Volume 1 Kill Bill: Volume 2 Grindhouse: Death Proof Inglourious Basterds Django Unchained The Hateful Eight Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

Quentin Tarantino directed, wrote, and produced the following films: Grindhouse: Death Proof Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Quentin Tarantino only wrote and directed the following films: Reservoir Dogs Pulp Fiction Jackie Brown Kill Bill: Volume 1 Kill Bill: Volume 2 Inglourious Basterds Django Unchained The Hateful Eight

classification

Instruction: Of the following Quentin Tarantino films, which did he just write and direct, and which did he write, direct, and produce? Reservoir Dogs Pulp Fiction Jackie Brown Kill Bill: Volume 1 Kill Bill: Volume 2 Grindhouse: Death Proof Inglourious Basterds Django Unchained The Hateful Eight Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Context: Response: Quentin Tarantino directed, wrote, and produced the following films: Grindhouse: Death Proof Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Quentin Tarantino only wrote and directed the following films: Reservoir Dogs Pulp Fiction Jackie Brown Kill Bill: Volume 1 Kill Bill: Volume 2 Inglourious Basterds Django Unchained The Hateful Eight

Who are the top Presidents of USA

Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and George Washington are most often listed as the three highest-rated presidents among historians. More recent presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton are often rated among the greatest in public opinion polls, but generally do not rank as highly among presidential scholars and historians. Because William Henry Harrison and James A. Garfield both died within their first year in office, they are often omitted from presidential rankings. Zachary Taylor died after serving as president for only 16 months, but he is usually included. In the case of these three presidents, it is not clear whether they received low rankings due to their actions as president or because each was in office for such a limited time that they did not accomplish much.

open_qa

Instruction: Who are the top Presidents of USA Context: Response: Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and George Washington are most often listed as the three highest-rated presidents among historians. More recent presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton are often rated among the greatest in public opinion polls, but generally do not rank as highly among presidential scholars and historians. Because William Henry Harrison and James A. Garfield both died within their first year in office, they are often omitted from presidential rankings. Zachary Taylor died after serving as president for only 16 months, but he is usually included. In the case of these three presidents, it is not clear whether they received low rankings due to their actions as president or because each was in office for such a limited time that they did not accomplish much.

How to choose the next company you work for?

The company choosing depending on the follow rough criteria: - location: whether the company is within the acceptable commute distance - work culture: how do you treat work life balance - the mission of the company and the risk associated with the company if it is a growing company - the compensation - the colleague that you will work with there - the corresponding project and whether it will use or improve your expertise area - the career direction that you want to pursue

general_qa

Instruction: How to choose the next company you work for? Context: Response: The company choosing depending on the follow rough criteria: - location: whether the company is within the acceptable commute distance - work culture: how do you treat work life balance - the mission of the company and the risk associated with the company if it is a growing company - the compensation - the colleague that you will work with there - the corresponding project and whether it will use or improve your expertise area - the career direction that you want to pursue

Which of these are car brands: Ferrari, Fiat, Batavus, Philips, Renault, BMW, IKEA and MG

Fiat, Ferrari, Renault, BMW and MG are car brands.

classification

Instruction: Which of these are car brands: Ferrari, Fiat, Batavus, Philips, Renault, BMW, IKEA and MG Context: Response: Fiat, Ferrari, Renault, BMW and MG are car brands.

Which NFL teams have never gone to the Super Bowl?

Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, Jacksonville Jaguars

open_qa

Instruction: Which NFL teams have never gone to the Super Bowl? Context: Response: Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, Jacksonville Jaguars

What is a homonym?

Homonyms are words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings. Although the words sound the same when pronounced, they are not spelled the same. An example is the word deer, also spelled dear. These words have very different meanings in the english language. Homonyms can be found in all languages around the world.

open_qa

Instruction: What is a homonym? Context: Response: Homonyms are words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings. Although the words sound the same when pronounced, they are not spelled the same. An example is the word deer, also spelled dear. These words have very different meanings in the english language. Homonyms can be found in all languages around the world.

What is a good park in Redmond, WA

Marymoor Park in Redmond, WA

open_qa

Instruction: What is a good park in Redmond, WA Context: Response: Marymoor Park in Redmond, WA

Give a comma-separated list of the different genes influencing horse coat colors according to the text

Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings, described by a specialized vocabulary. Often, a horse is classified first by its coat color, before breed or sex. Horses of the same color may be distinguished from one another by white markings, which, along with various spotting patterns, are inherited separately from coat color. Many genes that create horse coat colors and patterns have been identified. Current genetic tests can identify at least 13 different alleles influencing coat color, and research continues to discover new genes linked to specific traits. The basic coat colors of chestnut and black are determined by the gene controlled by the Melanocortin 1 receptor, also known as the "extension gene" or "red factor," as its recessive form is "red" (chestnut) and its dominant form is black. Additional genes control suppression of black color to point coloration that results in a bay, spotting patterns such as pinto or leopard, dilution genes such as palomino or dun, as well as greying, and all the other factors that create the many possible coat colors found in horses.

"extension gene" or "red factor," palomino, dun, greying

summarization

Instruction: Give a comma-separated list of the different genes influencing horse coat colors according to the text Context: Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings, described by a specialized vocabulary. Often, a horse is classified first by its coat color, before breed or sex. Horses of the same color may be distinguished from one another by white markings, which, along with various spotting patterns, are inherited separately from coat color. Many genes that create horse coat colors and patterns have been identified. Current genetic tests can identify at least 13 different alleles influencing coat color, and research continues to discover new genes linked to specific traits. The basic coat colors of chestnut and black are determined by the gene controlled by the Melanocortin 1 receptor, also known as the "extension gene" or "red factor," as its recessive form is "red" (chestnut) and its dominant form is black. Additional genes control suppression of black color to point coloration that results in a bay, spotting patterns such as pinto or leopard, dilution genes such as palomino or dun, as well as greying, and all the other factors that create the many possible coat colors found in horses. Response: "extension gene" or "red factor," palomino, dun, greying

As an expert skier, what are the top resorts in the US to go skiing?

There are many ski resorts in the United States that offer challenging terrain for expert level skiers. Som of the top resorts are: Big Sky, Jackson Hole, Pallisades, Crested Butte, Telluride, and Silverthorn

classification

Instruction: As an expert skier, what are the top resorts in the US to go skiing? Context: Response: There are many ski resorts in the United States that offer challenging terrain for expert level skiers. Som of the top resorts are: Big Sky, Jackson Hole, Pallisades, Crested Butte, Telluride, and Silverthorn

From the following passage, extract 3 common phenomena related to electricity.

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.

3 common phenomena related to electricity are: 1. Lightning 2. Static electricity 3. Electric heating

information_extraction

Instruction: From the following passage, extract 3 common phenomena related to electricity. Context: Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts. Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society. Response: 3 common phenomena related to electricity are: 1. Lightning 2. Static electricity 3. Electric heating

Give me a list of the most agreed upon supplements that are effective for maintaining general health

1) Vitamin D 2) Omega-3 Fish Oil 3) Creatine Monohydrate 4) Multi-vitamin *Disclaimer - there are countless other supplements available; however, decades of research seems to have formed a consensus on the efficacy of these

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of the most agreed upon supplements that are effective for maintaining general health Context: Response: 1) Vitamin D 2) Omega-3 Fish Oil 3) Creatine Monohydrate 4) Multi-vitamin *Disclaimer - there are countless other supplements available; however, decades of research seems to have formed a consensus on the efficacy of these

What types of bikes are there?

There are gravel bikes, road bikes, mountain bikes, BMX bikes, recumbent bikes, unicycles, hybrid bikes, electric bikes, cruiser bikes, trail bikes, CX bikes, enduro bikes, touring bikes, fixed gear bikes, kids bikes, fat bikes, tandem bikes, folding bikes, trikes and low rider bikes.

classification

Instruction: What types of bikes are there? Context: Response: There are gravel bikes, road bikes, mountain bikes, BMX bikes, recumbent bikes, unicycles, hybrid bikes, electric bikes, cruiser bikes, trail bikes, CX bikes, enduro bikes, touring bikes, fixed gear bikes, kids bikes, fat bikes, tandem bikes, folding bikes, trikes and low rider bikes.

Can you describe a colour you cannot see?

Colourblind individuals can describe colours based on accounts they have heard from others, so it is certainly possible to describe a colour you cannot see yourself.

brainstorming

Instruction: Can you describe a colour you cannot see? Context: Response: Colourblind individuals can describe colours based on accounts they have heard from others, so it is certainly possible to describe a colour you cannot see yourself.

What are the pros and cons of working from home rather than going into an office downtown?

There are both advantages and disadvantages from working from home, and they apply differently to different people depending on the person's personality, family situation, location, and job description. Some key advantages are the ability to develop closer personal relationships with team members, have the opportunity for more spontaneous casual conversations, and experience more productive meetings because of the ability to read people's body language and to see presentation materials more clearly. Many people will experience better mental health by going into the office and establishing a sense of greater connection with team members. In addition, certain employees will take advantage of remote work to use work time to engage in personal activities rather than real work, to the detriment of the employer. Some disadvantages of going into the office include the time inefficiency from commuting, the cost of commuting, the time inefficiency that occurs from experiencing all the social chatting that occurs in the office, and the hassle of having to schedule conference rooms. Commuting also contributes to global warming through the greater use of fossil fuels. On balance, whether remote work makes sense is a complex question, and the answer will be unique for every employee and employer depending on the circumstances.

open_qa

Instruction: What are the pros and cons of working from home rather than going into an office downtown? Context: Response: There are both advantages and disadvantages from working from home, and they apply differently to different people depending on the person's personality, family situation, location, and job description. Some key advantages are the ability to develop closer personal relationships with team members, have the opportunity for more spontaneous casual conversations, and experience more productive meetings because of the ability to read people's body language and to see presentation materials more clearly. Many people will experience better mental health by going into the office and establishing a sense of greater connection with team members. In addition, certain employees will take advantage of remote work to use work time to engage in personal activities rather than real work, to the detriment of the employer. Some disadvantages of going into the office include the time inefficiency from commuting, the cost of commuting, the time inefficiency that occurs from experiencing all the social chatting that occurs in the office, and the hassle of having to schedule conference rooms. Commuting also contributes to global warming through the greater use of fossil fuels. On balance, whether remote work makes sense is a complex question, and the answer will be unique for every employee and employer depending on the circumstances.

Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Gabon. Keren, Franceville, Asmara, Port-Gentil, Assab, Libreville

Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab Gabon - Libreville, Port-Gentil, Franceville

classification

Instruction: Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Eritrea or Gabon. Keren, Franceville, Asmara, Port-Gentil, Assab, Libreville Context: Response: Eritrea - Asmara, Keren, Assab Gabon - Libreville, Port-Gentil, Franceville

From the passage provided, extract the alternative name of Lætitia Sadier.

Lætitia Sadier (born 6 May 1968, sometimes known as Seaya Sadier) is a French musician, best known as a founding member of the London-based avant-pop band Stereolab. In 1996, while Stereolab was still active, she formed the side project Monade. In 2009 – the same year Stereolab became inactive – she ended the Monade project and began to perform solo work under her own name; her current band is known as the Lætitia Sadier Source Ensemble. She has frequently performed guest vocals and collaborations with other artists.

Lætitia Sadier also goes by Seaya Sadier.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the alternative name of Lætitia Sadier. Context: Lætitia Sadier (born 6 May 1968, sometimes known as Seaya Sadier) is a French musician, best known as a founding member of the London-based avant-pop band Stereolab. In 1996, while Stereolab was still active, she formed the side project Monade. In 2009 – the same year Stereolab became inactive – she ended the Monade project and began to perform solo work under her own name; her current band is known as the Lætitia Sadier Source Ensemble. She has frequently performed guest vocals and collaborations with other artists. Response: Lætitia Sadier also goes by Seaya Sadier.

What is the best nightly skin care routine?

It depends on your skin type, like oily, normal or dry skin. There are products that benefit each skin type, but there are usually products that are beneficial to all. Some people like to wash their face at night with a gentle cleanser, followed by physical or chemical exfoliating on occasion. After washing and exfoliating, a toner can be applied to close pores and refresh your skin. Depending on your skin needs, you may opt to apply a serum. There are also face masks that can be applied after cleaning, like clay, peel off and sheet masks. A good moisturizer is essential for every type of skin. It is very important to always use SPF at the beginning of each day before you go out.

general_qa

Instruction: What is the best nightly skin care routine? Context: Response: It depends on your skin type, like oily, normal or dry skin. There are products that benefit each skin type, but there are usually products that are beneficial to all. Some people like to wash their face at night with a gentle cleanser, followed by physical or chemical exfoliating on occasion. After washing and exfoliating, a toner can be applied to close pores and refresh your skin. Depending on your skin needs, you may opt to apply a serum. There are also face masks that can be applied after cleaning, like clay, peel off and sheet masks. A good moisturizer is essential for every type of skin. It is very important to always use SPF at the beginning of each day before you go out.

Who is the best selling music artist?

The Beatles sold 290.8 million albums between 1960 and 1970 making them the best music selling artist. The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time.

general_qa

Instruction: Who is the best selling music artist? Context: Response: The Beatles sold 290.8 million albums between 1960 and 1970 making them the best music selling artist. The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time.

Name a song written by Hank Williams?

"I'm a Long Gone Daddy" is a country song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It was released in 1948 on MGM Records and became his second top ten hit.

open_qa

Instruction: Name a song written by Hank Williams? Context: Response: "I'm a Long Gone Daddy" is a country song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It was released in 1948 on MGM Records and became his second top ten hit.

What are the three most common types of radioactive decay?

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles. The weak force is the mechanism that is responsible for beta decay, while the other two are governed by the electromagnetism and nuclear force. A fourth type of common decay is electron capture, in which an unstable nucleus captures an inner electron from one of the electron shells. The loss of that electron from the shell results in a cascade of electrons dropping down to that lower shell resulting in emission of discrete X-rays from the transitions. A common example is iodine-125 commonly used in medical settings.

Three of the most common types of radioactive decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles.

summarization

Instruction: What are the three most common types of radioactive decay? Context: Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles. The weak force is the mechanism that is responsible for beta decay, while the other two are governed by the electromagnetism and nuclear force. A fourth type of common decay is electron capture, in which an unstable nucleus captures an inner electron from one of the electron shells. The loss of that electron from the shell results in a cascade of electrons dropping down to that lower shell resulting in emission of discrete X-rays from the transitions. A common example is iodine-125 commonly used in medical settings. Response: Three of the most common types of radioactive decay are alpha decay (α-decay), beta decay (β-decay), and gamma decay (γ-decay), all of which involve emitting one or more particles.

List all the persons in the text in alphabetical order using their surname: At acute times where there is a lot of pressure crossing the Channel, whether that’s on tunnel or ferries, then I think there’s always going to be a backup. I just urge everybody to be a bit patient while the ferry companies work their way through the backlog.” Later, speaking on the Laura Kuenssberg programme on BBC One, Braverman denied the situation at Dover would repeat itself and blamed “bad weather”. But her comments variously attracted ire and ridicule. The Liberal Democrats’ home affairs spokesperson, Alistair Carmichael, said: “These comments show Suella Braverman is in complete denial about the impact of the Conservative government’s botched deal with Europe on our borders. For Conservative ministers like Braverman, it is always someone else’s fault. “Businesses and travellers are being tied up in reams of red tape but ministers are refusing to lift a finger. It shows the Conservative party is out of touch, out of excuses and should be out of power.” The former Conservative cabinet minister David Gauke, who was stripped of the Tory whip for rebelling in a Brexit vote, tweeted: “If we were in the EU, the French would not need to do individual passport checks. If no individual passport checks, the process at Dover would be quicker. The Dover queues are, therefore, partly caused by Brexit. Not a contentious point, surely?” Caroline Lucas, the Green party MP, described Braverman as being “on another planet as usual”. She said that the home secretary’s comments regarding no Brexit link contradicted those expressed by the port’s chief executive. In an interview with the Observer a year ago, Doug Bannister, admitted Brexit was causing longer processing times at the border.

- Doug Bannister - Suella Braverman - Alistair Carmichael - David Gauke - Laura Kuenssberg - Caroline Lucas

general_qa

Instruction: List all the persons in the text in alphabetical order using their surname: At acute times where there is a lot of pressure crossing the Channel, whether that’s on tunnel or ferries, then I think there’s always going to be a backup. I just urge everybody to be a bit patient while the ferry companies work their way through the backlog.” Later, speaking on the Laura Kuenssberg programme on BBC One, Braverman denied the situation at Dover would repeat itself and blamed “bad weather”. But her comments variously attracted ire and ridicule. The Liberal Democrats’ home affairs spokesperson, Alistair Carmichael, said: “These comments show Suella Braverman is in complete denial about the impact of the Conservative government’s botched deal with Europe on our borders. For Conservative ministers like Braverman, it is always someone else’s fault. “Businesses and travellers are being tied up in reams of red tape but ministers are refusing to lift a finger. It shows the Conservative party is out of touch, out of excuses and should be out of power.” The former Conservative cabinet minister David Gauke, who was stripped of the Tory whip for rebelling in a Brexit vote, tweeted: “If we were in the EU, the French would not need to do individual passport checks. If no individual passport checks, the process at Dover would be quicker. The Dover queues are, therefore, partly caused by Brexit. Not a contentious point, surely?” Caroline Lucas, the Green party MP, described Braverman as being “on another planet as usual”. She said that the home secretary’s comments regarding no Brexit link contradicted those expressed by the port’s chief executive. In an interview with the Observer a year ago, Doug Bannister, admitted Brexit was causing longer processing times at the border. Context: Response: - Doug Bannister - Suella Braverman - Alistair Carmichael - David Gauke - Laura Kuenssberg - Caroline Lucas

What is the average interest rate for a 30 year mortgage in the United States?

The average interest rate for a 30 year mortgage in the United States as of Tuesday, March 28th is 7.9%. The interest rate that you'll actually for a mortgage get depends on your lender, credit score, and debt to income ratio, among other things.

general_qa

Instruction: What is the average interest rate for a 30 year mortgage in the United States? Context: Response: The average interest rate for a 30 year mortgage in the United States as of Tuesday, March 28th is 7.9%. The interest rate that you'll actually for a mortgage get depends on your lender, credit score, and debt to income ratio, among other things.

Are cats or dogs better?

The debate on if cats or dogs are better has been talked about for ages, there is no clear winner. Humans love being binary and needing to choose between one or the other. Each person is different, and can benefit from cats AND dogs in their life. You can like both cats and dogs, and like them equally as well.

open_qa

Instruction: Are cats or dogs better? Context: Response: The debate on if cats or dogs are better has been talked about for ages, there is no clear winner. Humans love being binary and needing to choose between one or the other. Each person is different, and can benefit from cats AND dogs in their life. You can like both cats and dogs, and like them equally as well.