Datasets:

samim2024

/

llama2-dataset-train-1600row

like 0

Which of the following are fruits: Tomato, Potato, Strawberry, Dragonfruit, Kiwi, Wheat, Corn, Avocado, Poblano, Carrot, Hamburger

The fruits are Tomato, Strawberry, Dragonfruit, Kiwi, Avocado, Poblano. They all contain seeds and can be eaten.

classification

Instruction: Which of the following are fruits: Tomato, Potato, Strawberry, Dragonfruit, Kiwi, Wheat, Corn, Avocado, Poblano, Carrot, Hamburger Context: Response: The fruits are Tomato, Strawberry, Dragonfruit, Kiwi, Avocado, Poblano. They all contain seeds and can be eaten.

What is Violet Jessop well know for?

Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the "Queen of sinking ships" or "Miss Unsinkable," was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911.

Violet Jessop is well known for been onboard the RSM Olympic when it collided in 1911, and letter surviving the RMS Titanic in 1912, and the HMHS Britannic in 1916.

closed_qa

Instruction: What is Violet Jessop well know for? Context: Violet Constance Jessop (2 October 1887 – 5 May 1971), often referred to as the "Queen of sinking ships" or "Miss Unsinkable," was an Argentine woman of Irish heritage who worked as an ocean liner stewardess, memoirist, and nurse in the early 20th century. Jessop is most well known for having survived the sinking of both the RMS Titanic in 1912 and her sister ship the HMHS Britannic in 1916, as well as having been onboard the eldest of the three sister ships, the RMS Olympic, when it collided with the British warship HMS Hawke in 1911. Response: Violet Jessop is well known for been onboard the RSM Olympic when it collided in 1911, and letter surviving the RMS Titanic in 1912, and the HMHS Britannic in 1916.

Why is a higher interest rate on my home worse?

Getting a higher interest rate on a home loan increases the payments on your loan. Over time, a higher interest rate can greatly increase the amount that you pay to your lender. However, a silver lining might be the lower home prices that often accompany higher interest rates. It’s possible that refinancing after interest rates drop might provide an opportunity to pay less on your loan down the road.

open_qa

Instruction: Why is a higher interest rate on my home worse? Context: Response: Getting a higher interest rate on a home loan increases the payments on your loan. Over time, a higher interest rate can greatly increase the amount that you pay to your lender. However, a silver lining might be the lower home prices that often accompany higher interest rates. It’s possible that refinancing after interest rates drop might provide an opportunity to pay less on your loan down the road.

From the passage provided, extract the official language of Tamil Nadu.

Tamil Nadu (/ˌtæmɪl ˈnɑːduː/; Tamil: [ˈtamiɻ ˈnaːɽɯ] (listen), abbr. TN) is the southern-most state of India. The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language—one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world—is widely spoken in the state and serves as its official language. The capital and largest city is Chennai.

Tamil is the official language of Tamil Nadu.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the official language of Tamil Nadu. Context: Tamil Nadu (/ˌtæmɪl ˈnɑːduː/; Tamil: [ˈtamiɻ ˈnaːɽɯ] (listen), abbr. TN) is the southern-most state of India. The tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population, Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language—one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world—is widely spoken in the state and serves as its official language. The capital and largest city is Chennai. Response: Tamil is the official language of Tamil Nadu.

Who started Belu?

Belu was founded in 2004 by film maker Reed Paget as a bottled water business with an aim to be an environmentally friendly alternative to other beverages on the market. Before launching Belu, Paget was a keen environmentalist in business communities, encouraging others in the drinks industry to consider the environmental impact of sourcing, manufacturing and packaging. Early stage investors in Belu included Body Shop co-founder Gordon Roddick, environmentalist Ben Goldsmith and hedge fund manager, Chris Cooper-Hohn

Reed Paget founded Belu in 2004.

information_extraction

Instruction: Who started Belu? Context: Belu was founded in 2004 by film maker Reed Paget as a bottled water business with an aim to be an environmentally friendly alternative to other beverages on the market. Before launching Belu, Paget was a keen environmentalist in business communities, encouraging others in the drinks industry to consider the environmental impact of sourcing, manufacturing and packaging. Early stage investors in Belu included Body Shop co-founder Gordon Roddick, environmentalist Ben Goldsmith and hedge fund manager, Chris Cooper-Hohn Response: Reed Paget founded Belu in 2004.

Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg

Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court. Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985. In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.

Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court. Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985. In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.

closed_qa

Instruction: Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg Context: Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court. Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985. In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties. Response: Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court. Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985. In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.

ways to generate electricity

Use solar panel to harvest solar energy use a dynamo and mechanical force such as animal. Use wind tubine to harvest wind energy Use salt water to create a battery use steam to power turbine

brainstorming

Instruction: ways to generate electricity Context: Response: Use solar panel to harvest solar energy use a dynamo and mechanical force such as animal. Use wind tubine to harvest wind energy Use salt water to create a battery use steam to power turbine

From the passage provided, extract Tagore's nickname

The name Tagore is the anglicised transliteration of Thakur. The original surname of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali’ historically carried a stigmatized and pejorative connotation) originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal. The biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the first volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak that The Kusharis were the descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharaja Kshitisura, he became its chief and came to be known as Kushari. Life and events Early life: 1861–1878 Main article: Early life of Rabindranath Tagore Young Tagore in London, 1879 The last two days a storm has been raging, similar to the description in my song—Jhauro jhauro borishe baridhara [... amidst it] a hapless, homeless man drenched from top to toe standing on the roof of his steamer [...] the last two days I have been singing this song over and over [...] as a result the pelting sound of the intense rain, the wail of the wind, the sound of the heaving Gorai River, [...] have assumed a fresh life and found a new language and I have felt like a major actor in this new musical drama unfolding before me. — Letter to Indira Devi. The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born on 7 May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta, the son of Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875). Black-and-white photograph of a finely dressed man and woman: the man, smiling, stands with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward with a shawl draped over his shoulders and in Bengali formal wear. In front of him, the woman, seated, is in elaborate dress and shawl; she leans against a carved table supporting a vase and flowing leaves. Tagore and his wife Mrinalini Devi, 1883 Tagore was raised mostly by servants; his mother had died in his early childhood and his father travelled widely. The Tagore family was at the forefront of the Bengal renaissance. They hosted the publication of literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western classical music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in the house and teach Indian classical music to the children. Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet. Another brother, Satyendranath, was the first Indian appointed to the elite and formerly all-European Indian Civil Service. Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, composer, and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari became a novelist. Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and powerful influence. Her abrupt suicide in 1884, soon after he married, left him profoundly distraught for years.

Rabi

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, extract Tagore's nickname Context: The name Tagore is the anglicised transliteration of Thakur. The original surname of the Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali’ historically carried a stigmatized and pejorative connotation) originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal. The biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the first volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak that The Kusharis were the descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharaja Kshitisura, he became its chief and came to be known as Kushari. Life and events Early life: 1861–1878 Main article: Early life of Rabindranath Tagore Young Tagore in London, 1879 The last two days a storm has been raging, similar to the description in my song—Jhauro jhauro borishe baridhara [... amidst it] a hapless, homeless man drenched from top to toe standing on the roof of his steamer [...] the last two days I have been singing this song over and over [...] as a result the pelting sound of the intense rain, the wail of the wind, the sound of the heaving Gorai River, [...] have assumed a fresh life and found a new language and I have felt like a major actor in this new musical drama unfolding before me. — Letter to Indira Devi. The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born on 7 May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta, the son of Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875). Black-and-white photograph of a finely dressed man and woman: the man, smiling, stands with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward with a shawl draped over his shoulders and in Bengali formal wear. In front of him, the woman, seated, is in elaborate dress and shawl; she leans against a carved table supporting a vase and flowing leaves. Tagore and his wife Mrinalini Devi, 1883 Tagore was raised mostly by servants; his mother had died in his early childhood and his father travelled widely. The Tagore family was at the forefront of the Bengal renaissance. They hosted the publication of literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western classical music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in the house and teach Indian classical music to the children. Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet. Another brother, Satyendranath, was the first Indian appointed to the elite and formerly all-European Indian Civil Service. Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, composer, and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari became a novelist. Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and powerful influence. Her abrupt suicide in 1884, soon after he married, left him profoundly distraught for years. Response: Rabi

What awards does someone need to be an EGOT winner?

The person would need an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony award to get EGOT status.

open_qa

Instruction: What awards does someone need to be an EGOT winner? Context: Response: The person would need an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony award to get EGOT status.

Write a story on humans on Mars.

Thousands of years ago, human civilization used to live on planet Earth. With innovations in the areas of science, it was realized that there are ways of survival in the planet Mars. When the first fleet of humans went to Mars, not many had realized the dream of living in another planet could come true. First steps on the new planet was overwhelming for some, while for the others, it was curiosity. New neighbours, different varieties of flora and fauna and flying cars were appreciated in the society devoid of crimes.

creative_writing

Instruction: Write a story on humans on Mars. Context: Response: Thousands of years ago, human civilization used to live on planet Earth. With innovations in the areas of science, it was realized that there are ways of survival in the planet Mars. When the first fleet of humans went to Mars, not many had realized the dream of living in another planet could come true. First steps on the new planet was overwhelming for some, while for the others, it was curiosity. New neighbours, different varieties of flora and fauna and flying cars were appreciated in the society devoid of crimes.

What position did Manis Lamond play?

Manis Lamond (born 14 September 1966) is a retired soccer player from Papua New Guinea. An international who played as a striker, Lamond played professionally in Australia for Canberra City, Sydney United, A.P.I.A. Leichhardt Tigers, Wollongong City, Marconi Stallions and Newcastle United and in Singapore for Sembawang Rangers.

Manis Lamond was a striker

closed_qa

Instruction: What position did Manis Lamond play? Context: Manis Lamond (born 14 September 1966) is a retired soccer player from Papua New Guinea. An international who played as a striker, Lamond played professionally in Australia for Canberra City, Sydney United, A.P.I.A. Leichhardt Tigers, Wollongong City, Marconi Stallions and Newcastle United and in Singapore for Sembawang Rangers. Response: Manis Lamond was a striker

Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in their house. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end.

It was going to be a long day. With her brother-in-law out of town, Lisa had agreed to watch her niece Stella for the afternoon and the little girl was known to be a bit of a handful. Her plan had been to spend the afternoon at the park to let Stella run and climb, to wear her out a bit. Unfortunately, this outing was foiled by the constant downpour of rain so Lisa resigned herself to a day inside with the tiny tyrant. Stella arrived early and excited to play. Lisa decided to begin with a game of hide and seek, after all this could take up a good part of the morning without too much trouble. Stella ran off to hide and Lisa sat quietly drinking coffee while calling out to the little girl, pretending to seek. Eventually she set off to find the little girl but soon she realized that something was wrong. No matter where she looked, Stella was nowhere to be found. The house wasn't that large, making her disappearance even more perplexing. Lisa had only recently moved into the home that she bought from her great aunt shortly before her death and she hasn't even moved out all of the existing furniture. Maybe Stella had gotten stuck somewhere behind the large wardrobe in the bedroom or she had climbed up into a cupboard in the laundry room. Panic was starting to settle in as she moved the wardrobe further from the wall, where only a small child could have hidden before. Suddenly, saw a small crack in the wall, and then realized it was a small door that she never knew was there. The door was slightly ajar and she eventually moved the wardrobe enough to open the door and climb inside. What was this place? The entrance opened up to reveal a small room that Lisa never knew existed! It was full of treasure, gold bars and jewels. Stella sat in the middle of the room quietly playing with the treasure, unaware of the immense value she was surrounded by. Lisa had known her aunt was a secretive woman but this was an incredible find and would change her life forever. Stella's visit was the good luck charm she needed to unlock this bounty and she would be forever grateful to the little girl! Time to call her brother-in-law to thank him for letting Stella visit.

creative_writing

Instruction: Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in their house. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end. Context: Response: It was going to be a long day. With her brother-in-law out of town, Lisa had agreed to watch her niece Stella for the afternoon and the little girl was known to be a bit of a handful. Her plan had been to spend the afternoon at the park to let Stella run and climb, to wear her out a bit. Unfortunately, this outing was foiled by the constant downpour of rain so Lisa resigned herself to a day inside with the tiny tyrant. Stella arrived early and excited to play. Lisa decided to begin with a game of hide and seek, after all this could take up a good part of the morning without too much trouble. Stella ran off to hide and Lisa sat quietly drinking coffee while calling out to the little girl, pretending to seek. Eventually she set off to find the little girl but soon she realized that something was wrong. No matter where she looked, Stella was nowhere to be found. The house wasn't that large, making her disappearance even more perplexing. Lisa had only recently moved into the home that she bought from her great aunt shortly before her death and she hasn't even moved out all of the existing furniture. Maybe Stella had gotten stuck somewhere behind the large wardrobe in the bedroom or she had climbed up into a cupboard in the laundry room. Panic was starting to settle in as she moved the wardrobe further from the wall, where only a small child could have hidden before. Suddenly, saw a small crack in the wall, and then realized it was a small door that she never knew was there. The door was slightly ajar and she eventually moved the wardrobe enough to open the door and climb inside. What was this place? The entrance opened up to reveal a small room that Lisa never knew existed! It was full of treasure, gold bars and jewels. Stella sat in the middle of the room quietly playing with the treasure, unaware of the immense value she was surrounded by. Lisa had known her aunt was a secretive woman but this was an incredible find and would change her life forever. Stella's visit was the good luck charm she needed to unlock this bounty and she would be forever grateful to the little girl! Time to call her brother-in-law to thank him for letting Stella visit.

What country most recently joined NATO?

Finland is the most recent country to join NATO, formally becoming a member on 4 April 2023. It is the 31st country to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

open_qa

Instruction: What country most recently joined NATO? Context: Response: Finland is the most recent country to join NATO, formally becoming a member on 4 April 2023. It is the 31st country to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

What type of physicist is Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri?

Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri (born 1 January 1952) is an Indian condensed matter physicist, materials scientist and a Distinguished Emeritus Professor at the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences. Known for his pioneering work on the interplay of disorder and interaction, Raychaudhuri is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Science Academy as well as the Asia-Pacific Academy of Materials. He is a recipient of a number of awards such as Millennium Medal of the Indian Science Congress, ICS Gold Medal of the Materials Research Society of India and FICCI Award. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 1994.[note 1]

Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri is a condensed matter physicists.

closed_qa

Instruction: What type of physicist is Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri? Context: Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri (born 1 January 1952) is an Indian condensed matter physicist, materials scientist and a Distinguished Emeritus Professor at the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences. Known for his pioneering work on the interplay of disorder and interaction, Raychaudhuri is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and Indian National Science Academy as well as the Asia-Pacific Academy of Materials. He is a recipient of a number of awards such as Millennium Medal of the Indian Science Congress, ICS Gold Medal of the Materials Research Society of India and FICCI Award. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 1994.[note 1] Response: Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri is a condensed matter physicists.

How can the climate be warming if I keep getting blizzards in my town?

The most important concept around climate change is that "weather", such as snowstorms and blizzards, is different then "climate". With climate change, the extremes are what fluctuate most: the colds are colder, and the hots are hotter. This sounds like your experience with blizzards and snowstorms. You may actually be experiencing more extreme cold weather as the planet warms due to greenhouse gases because of how the jet-stream is changing and warmer ocean temperatures put more water vapor into the atmosphere. Although it may seem that the weather is still cold at a local level, nearly every scientist agrees that climate change is causing more dramatic and extreme weather all around the world.

open_qa

Instruction: How can the climate be warming if I keep getting blizzards in my town? Context: Response: The most important concept around climate change is that "weather", such as snowstorms and blizzards, is different then "climate". With climate change, the extremes are what fluctuate most: the colds are colder, and the hots are hotter. This sounds like your experience with blizzards and snowstorms. You may actually be experiencing more extreme cold weather as the planet warms due to greenhouse gases because of how the jet-stream is changing and warmer ocean temperatures put more water vapor into the atmosphere. Although it may seem that the weather is still cold at a local level, nearly every scientist agrees that climate change is causing more dramatic and extreme weather all around the world.

From this reference text, what political party does Taylor Swift belong to?

Swift refrained from discussing politics early in her career, fearing it might influence people. Critics took issue with her previously apolitical stance despite her wealth and celebrity. Swift publicly voiced her political opinion for the first time in the 2018 United States elections, when she endorsed Democratic candidates in her home state, Tennessee. In 2019, Swift told The Guardian that when she started her country music career, she was advised against discussing politics by her label executives because of the consequences of the Dixie Chicks controversy, but finally decided to speak up after she became disillusioned with contemporary American politics and moved out of Big Machine. She identifies as a pro-choice feminist, and is one of the founding signatories of the Time's Up movement against sexual harassment. She criticized the US Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade (1973) and end federal abortion rights in 2022. Swift advocates for LGBT rights, and has called for the passing of the Equality Act, which prohibits discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The New York Times wrote her 2011 music video for "Mean" had a positive impact on the LGBTQ+ community. Swift performed during WorldPride NYC 2019 at the Stonewall Inn, frequently deemed the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement. She has donated to the LGBT organizations Tennessee Equality Project and GLAAD.

Taylor Swift is a democrat.

closed_qa

Instruction: From this reference text, what political party does Taylor Swift belong to? Context: Swift refrained from discussing politics early in her career, fearing it might influence people. Critics took issue with her previously apolitical stance despite her wealth and celebrity. Swift publicly voiced her political opinion for the first time in the 2018 United States elections, when she endorsed Democratic candidates in her home state, Tennessee. In 2019, Swift told The Guardian that when she started her country music career, she was advised against discussing politics by her label executives because of the consequences of the Dixie Chicks controversy, but finally decided to speak up after she became disillusioned with contemporary American politics and moved out of Big Machine. She identifies as a pro-choice feminist, and is one of the founding signatories of the Time's Up movement against sexual harassment. She criticized the US Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade (1973) and end federal abortion rights in 2022. Swift advocates for LGBT rights, and has called for the passing of the Equality Act, which prohibits discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The New York Times wrote her 2011 music video for "Mean" had a positive impact on the LGBTQ+ community. Swift performed during WorldPride NYC 2019 at the Stonewall Inn, frequently deemed the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement. She has donated to the LGBT organizations Tennessee Equality Project and GLAAD. Response: Taylor Swift is a democrat.

When do schools close and reopen from summer holidays in India?

Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.

In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June.

information_extraction

Instruction: When do schools close and reopen from summer holidays in India? Context: Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays. In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August. In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August. In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October. Response: In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June.

What is deep dish pizza?

Deep dish pizza is a variant of traditional pizza where the dough ends are rolled and pushed to the ends of a deep pan similar to a dessert pie crust. The crust is then filled with cheese and other toppings and spread with chunky tomato sauce. This type of pizza is also referred to as Chicago-style pizza.

open_qa

Instruction: What is deep dish pizza? Context: Response: Deep dish pizza is a variant of traditional pizza where the dough ends are rolled and pushed to the ends of a deep pan similar to a dessert pie crust. The crust is then filled with cheese and other toppings and spread with chunky tomato sauce. This type of pizza is also referred to as Chicago-style pizza.

Classify each of the following as an American coffee shop chain or an American fast-food hamburger restaurant: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, McDonald's, In-N-Out, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Burger King, Carl's Jr

Coffee shop chain: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Fast-food hamburger restaurant: McDonald's, In-N-Out, Burger King, Carl's Jr

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as an American coffee shop chain or an American fast-food hamburger restaurant: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, McDonald's, In-N-Out, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf, Burger King, Carl's Jr Context: Response: Coffee shop chain: Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Dutch Bros, Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Fast-food hamburger restaurant: McDonald's, In-N-Out, Burger King, Carl's Jr

What is Project Mosaic?

Mosaic is an extension to the Apache Spark framework that allows easy and fast processing of very large geospatial datasets. Mosaic provides: -easy conversion between common spatial data encodings (WKT, WKB and GeoJSON); -constructors to easily generate new geometries from Spark native data types; -many of the OGC SQL standard ST_ functions implemented as Spark Expressions for transforming, aggregating and joining spatial datasets; -high performance through implementation of Spark code generation within the core Mosaic functions; -optimisations for performing point-in-polygon joins using an approach we co-developed with Ordnance Survey (blog post); and -the choice of a Scala, SQL and Python API.

open_qa

Instruction: What is Project Mosaic? Context: Response: Mosaic is an extension to the Apache Spark framework that allows easy and fast processing of very large geospatial datasets. Mosaic provides: -easy conversion between common spatial data encodings (WKT, WKB and GeoJSON); -constructors to easily generate new geometries from Spark native data types; -many of the OGC SQL standard ST_ functions implemented as Spark Expressions for transforming, aggregating and joining spatial datasets; -high performance through implementation of Spark code generation within the core Mosaic functions; -optimisations for performing point-in-polygon joins using an approach we co-developed with Ordnance Survey (blog post); and -the choice of a Scala, SQL and Python API.

Who is Rentala Madhubala

Rentala Madhubala is an Indian scientist who studied molecular parasitology and functional genomics. She is the director of the Academic Staff College in Jawaharlal Nehru University. She was the Dean at the School of Life Sciences and the director of the Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility there.

open_qa

Instruction: Who is Rentala Madhubala Context: Response: Rentala Madhubala is an Indian scientist who studied molecular parasitology and functional genomics. She is the director of the Academic Staff College in Jawaharlal Nehru University. She was the Dean at the School of Life Sciences and the director of the Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility there.

What is the difference between a chihuaha and a golden retriever?

Chihuahas are a breed of dog and they are generally smaller in size. They can be long or short haired. Their temperament is that they like to bark a lot and are easily agitated. Regardless, Chihuaha dogs make great companions and lap dogs. Golden retrievers are a breed of dog and they are generally larger in size. They are very intelligent dogs and can be easily trained. They are used as service dogs to help people, for example they can be a guide dog for the blind. Their temperament is that they are calm and focused. Golden retrievers are also great companion dogs.

open_qa

Instruction: What is the difference between a chihuaha and a golden retriever? Context: Response: Chihuahas are a breed of dog and they are generally smaller in size. They can be long or short haired. Their temperament is that they like to bark a lot and are easily agitated. Regardless, Chihuaha dogs make great companions and lap dogs. Golden retrievers are a breed of dog and they are generally larger in size. They are very intelligent dogs and can be easily trained. They are used as service dogs to help people, for example they can be a guide dog for the blind. Their temperament is that they are calm and focused. Golden retrievers are also great companion dogs.

Which is a disease? Asthma, Depression, Cancer, AIDS, Schizophrenia, Tuberculosis, PTSD

According to wikipedia, a disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism and a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance. Based on the above list the following are diseases: Asthma, Cancer, AIDS, Tuberculosis.

classification

Instruction: Which is a disease? Asthma, Depression, Cancer, AIDS, Schizophrenia, Tuberculosis, PTSD Context: Response: According to wikipedia, a disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism and a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance. Based on the above list the following are diseases: Asthma, Cancer, AIDS, Tuberculosis.

What are the names of five of the best Pokemon cards and why?

1) Tera Arcanine EX (it's very powerful) 2) Tera Gyarados EX (it's also very powerful) 3) Snorlax VMAX (has a lot of health points) 4) Illustrators Pikachu (it's worth a lot of money) 5) First edition Shaddowless Holo Charizard (because it's a very rare card)

brainstorming

Instruction: What are the names of five of the best Pokemon cards and why? Context: Response: 1) Tera Arcanine EX (it's very powerful) 2) Tera Gyarados EX (it's also very powerful) 3) Snorlax VMAX (has a lot of health points) 4) Illustrators Pikachu (it's worth a lot of money) 5) First edition Shaddowless Holo Charizard (because it's a very rare card)

Which onsen villages in Japan are the best to visit for foreign tourists? And what should I do once I'm in an onsen village?

There are many great onsen villages in Japan in which tourists of any nationals can enjoy the experience of bathing in natural hot springs. Some great examples are Hakone, Kusatsu and Nyuto Onsen. Ideally, you would want to spend a day or two in a village as these villages are often located in beautiful nature and offer great opportunities for hiking and walking.

general_qa

Instruction: Which onsen villages in Japan are the best to visit for foreign tourists? And what should I do once I'm in an onsen village? Context: Response: There are many great onsen villages in Japan in which tourists of any nationals can enjoy the experience of bathing in natural hot springs. Some great examples are Hakone, Kusatsu and Nyuto Onsen. Ideally, you would want to spend a day or two in a village as these villages are often located in beautiful nature and offer great opportunities for hiking and walking.

Given this reference on Yorkshire Terriers, tell me where they originate from, and what are their typical size and color.

The Yorkshire Terrier is a British breed of toy dog of terrier type. It is among the smallest of the terriers and indeed of all dog breeds, with a weight of no more than 3.2 kg. It originated in the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, for which it is named. Their coats are typically tan on the head with a dark steel-grey body, but they can come in a variety of colors. It is a playful and energetic dog, usually kept as a companion dog. It has contributed to the development of other breeds including the Silky Terrier, and also to cross-breeds such as the Yorkipoo.

Yorkshire Terrier originated from English county of Yorkshire, it has a small size with weight of no more than 3.2 kg. They have a variety of colors but typically their coats are tan on the head and dark steel-grey on the body.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this reference on Yorkshire Terriers, tell me where they originate from, and what are their typical size and color. Context: The Yorkshire Terrier is a British breed of toy dog of terrier type. It is among the smallest of the terriers and indeed of all dog breeds, with a weight of no more than 3.2 kg. It originated in the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, for which it is named. Their coats are typically tan on the head with a dark steel-grey body, but they can come in a variety of colors. It is a playful and energetic dog, usually kept as a companion dog. It has contributed to the development of other breeds including the Silky Terrier, and also to cross-breeds such as the Yorkipoo. Response: Yorkshire Terrier originated from English county of Yorkshire, it has a small size with weight of no more than 3.2 kg. They have a variety of colors but typically their coats are tan on the head and dark steel-grey on the body.

Why do the Dutch wear Orange?

The Dutch wear orange NOT because their flag is orange (the Dutch flag is actually red, white and blue). However, the first Kind of the Netherlands was William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), who come from the House of Orange-Naussau; one of the most influential royal house in Europe in the 16th and 17th century. Originally this house started in the Principality of Orange (France). This principality was named after a previous Roman-Celtic Settlement (Arausio) - but it was also know for being on the route where oranges came into the country. The family of the Prince of Orange officially adopted the name and the colour orange in 1570. After the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) against the French, the Dutch became independent first as a republic. In 1815, the Netherlands became a monarchy under the House of Orange-Naussau.

open_qa

Instruction: Why do the Dutch wear Orange? Context: Response: The Dutch wear orange NOT because their flag is orange (the Dutch flag is actually red, white and blue). However, the first Kind of the Netherlands was William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), who come from the House of Orange-Naussau; one of the most influential royal house in Europe in the 16th and 17th century. Originally this house started in the Principality of Orange (France). This principality was named after a previous Roman-Celtic Settlement (Arausio) - but it was also know for being on the route where oranges came into the country. The family of the Prince of Orange officially adopted the name and the colour orange in 1570. After the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) against the French, the Dutch became independent first as a republic. In 1815, the Netherlands became a monarchy under the House of Orange-Naussau.

What size of snowboard should I use?

The size of snowboard you should use is based on many different factors such as the skill of the rider, the weight and height of the rider, as well as the type of terrain you plan on riding. It is best to consult the manufacturer of the snowboard maker in order to make the best decision on the size of snowboard to use.

open_qa

Instruction: What size of snowboard should I use? Context: Response: The size of snowboard you should use is based on many different factors such as the skill of the rider, the weight and height of the rider, as well as the type of terrain you plan on riding. It is best to consult the manufacturer of the snowboard maker in order to make the best decision on the size of snowboard to use.

Who invented the first car?

Karl Benz invented the first car in 1896 AD. It was a petrol-powered engine designed to travel slowly. Made entirely by hand, the number of cars on roads did not surge as the supply was limited. However, the first popular car was the Model T, built-in 1908 by Ford in the USA. Ford sold over 15 million units of Model T worldwide.

open_qa

Instruction: Who invented the first car? Context: Response: Karl Benz invented the first car in 1896 AD. It was a petrol-powered engine designed to travel slowly. Made entirely by hand, the number of cars on roads did not surge as the supply was limited. However, the first popular car was the Model T, built-in 1908 by Ford in the USA. Ford sold over 15 million units of Model T worldwide.

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Den-den daiko, Luc huyen cam

Luc huyen cam is string, Den-den daiko is percussion.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Den-den daiko, Luc huyen cam Context: Response: Luc huyen cam is string, Den-den daiko is percussion.

When was the last time the Cubs won the World Series

The Chicago Cubs last won the World Series in 2016. They defeated the Cleveland Indians, now referred to as the Cleveland Guardians, in 7 games. It was a memorable World Series for Chicago considering the Cubs did not play in a World Series for 71 years. The 7th game was very close as the Cubs blew a 3 run lead in the 8th, leading to extra innings. Ultimately winning the series in 10 with the last out being a ground ball to a smiling Kris Bryant who threw to Anthony Rizzo for the last out.

open_qa

Instruction: When was the last time the Cubs won the World Series Context: Response: The Chicago Cubs last won the World Series in 2016. They defeated the Cleveland Indians, now referred to as the Cleveland Guardians, in 7 games. It was a memorable World Series for Chicago considering the Cubs did not play in a World Series for 71 years. The 7th game was very close as the Cubs blew a 3 run lead in the 8th, leading to extra innings. Ultimately winning the series in 10 with the last out being a ground ball to a smiling Kris Bryant who threw to Anthony Rizzo for the last out.

Give me a list of the most recent Men's Indian Cricket Team captains in ODIs

- Hardik Pandya - KL Rahul - Shikhar Dhawan - Rohit Sharma - Ajinkya Rahane - Virat Kohli - Gautam Ganbhir - Suresh Raina - MS Dhoni

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a list of the most recent Men's Indian Cricket Team captains in ODIs Context: Response: - Hardik Pandya - KL Rahul - Shikhar Dhawan - Rohit Sharma - Ajinkya Rahane - Virat Kohli - Gautam Ganbhir - Suresh Raina - MS Dhoni

Where can you find the Citron-bellied attila?

The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

The The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) can be found in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.

summarization

Instruction: Where can you find the Citron-bellied attila? Context: The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Response: The The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) can be found in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.

If you found yourself washed up on a deserted tropical island with no hope for immediate rescue, what would you do?

The immediate first step is to ensure you are not materially injured. Assuming your only manifestation of harm is a psychological roller coaster of fear, anger and hopelessness, your best course of action is to attend to your basic needs first. Locate a protected space away from the wind but not too deep into the surrounding jungle, built a fire pit and gather enough combustable materials to carry you through the first few evenings. Find fresh water and someway to hold it (open coconut shells / fashioned palm leave bowls etc) - DO NOT DRINK IT until you boil it first over your new fire so you mitigate the risk of getting sick. Before your first nightfall with secure fire and water taken care of, build yourself a make shift shelter so you are protected from the elements and yet to be discovered critters. Day two, focus your energies gathering food (coconuts / seaweed / clams etc) so you keep your energy high. Once your very basic needs are met (shelter / water / food to survive), its time to fashion a fishing pole and a sharp spear out of bamboo so you can fish and hunt for birds to expand your food sources. Day three, focus your energy on building yourself a more permanent shelter. Explore the island for wood and rock sources; along with large palm leave you can fashion rope from. While exploring your new home, look for caves and / or places where you could construct a tree fort so you can improve your protected living space. Week 2, once your new living quarters are secured and you have sustainable methods to care for your basic needs, climb to the highest point of the island and look for nearby islands / land and any indication of human habitation. While searching for these indicators, assess methods of island escape to get through any surf and start tracking wind and weather patterns daily so you can get a feel for the seasonal rotations. Week 3 +, dedicate 3-4 hours a day to building signal fires and SOS stone messages that overheard planes may be able to detect. It is also important to manage your mental health and track daily changes so you keep your sanity in check as you adjust to the new reality. Create a way to chronicle your experiences. One day you will escape your island and can sell your story to Hollywood. Of course, if you never do escape, you will at least have the comfort of leaving something behind for eventual discovery of proof you did survive the incident that landed you on this island.

creative_writing

Instruction: If you found yourself washed up on a deserted tropical island with no hope for immediate rescue, what would you do? Context: Response: The immediate first step is to ensure you are not materially injured. Assuming your only manifestation of harm is a psychological roller coaster of fear, anger and hopelessness, your best course of action is to attend to your basic needs first. Locate a protected space away from the wind but not too deep into the surrounding jungle, built a fire pit and gather enough combustable materials to carry you through the first few evenings. Find fresh water and someway to hold it (open coconut shells / fashioned palm leave bowls etc) - DO NOT DRINK IT until you boil it first over your new fire so you mitigate the risk of getting sick. Before your first nightfall with secure fire and water taken care of, build yourself a make shift shelter so you are protected from the elements and yet to be discovered critters. Day two, focus your energies gathering food (coconuts / seaweed / clams etc) so you keep your energy high. Once your very basic needs are met (shelter / water / food to survive), its time to fashion a fishing pole and a sharp spear out of bamboo so you can fish and hunt for birds to expand your food sources. Day three, focus your energy on building yourself a more permanent shelter. Explore the island for wood and rock sources; along with large palm leave you can fashion rope from. While exploring your new home, look for caves and / or places where you could construct a tree fort so you can improve your protected living space. Week 2, once your new living quarters are secured and you have sustainable methods to care for your basic needs, climb to the highest point of the island and look for nearby islands / land and any indication of human habitation. While searching for these indicators, assess methods of island escape to get through any surf and start tracking wind and weather patterns daily so you can get a feel for the seasonal rotations. Week 3 +, dedicate 3-4 hours a day to building signal fires and SOS stone messages that overheard planes may be able to detect. It is also important to manage your mental health and track daily changes so you keep your sanity in check as you adjust to the new reality. Create a way to chronicle your experiences. One day you will escape your island and can sell your story to Hollywood. Of course, if you never do escape, you will at least have the comfort of leaving something behind for eventual discovery of proof you did survive the incident that landed you on this island.

Explain the Montessori Method of education in pre-school and kindergarten

Montessori classrooms for children from 2+1⁄2 or 3 to 6 years old are often called Children's Houses, after Montessori's first school, the Casa dei Bambini in Rome in 1906. A typical classroom serves 20 to 30 children in mixed-age groups, staffed by a fully trained lead teacher and assistants. Classrooms are usually outfitted with child-sized tables and chairs arranged singly or in small clusters, with classroom materials on child-height shelves throughout the room. Activities are for the most part initially presented by the teacher, after which they may be chosen more or less freely by the children as interest dictates. A teacher's role within a Montessori classroom is to guide and consult students individually by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Classroom materials usually include activities for engaging in practical skills such as pouring and spooning, washing up, scrubbing tables and sweeping. Also materials for the development of the senses, mathematical materials, language materials, music, art and cultural materials, including more science-based activities like 'sink and float', Magnetic and Non magnetic and candle and air. Activities in Children's Houses are typically hands-on, tactile materials to teach concepts. For example, to teach writing, students use sandpaper letters. These are letters created by cutting letters out of sandpaper and placing them on wooden blocks. The children then trace these letters with their fingers to learn the shape and sound of each letter. Another example is the use of bead chains to teach math concepts, specifically multiplication. Specifically for multiples of 10, there is one bead that represents one unit, a bar of ten beads put together that represents 1×10, then a flat shape created by fitting 10 of the bars together to represent 10×10, and a cube created by fitting 10 of the flats together to represent 10×10×10. These materials help build a concrete understanding of basic concepts upon which much is built in the later years.

The Montessori Method for Education in pre-school and kindergarten is a unique approach to teaching children to build self-confidence and independence. Learning takes place in Children's Houses and are fully staffed with a mixture of qualified teachers and teaching assistants who guide and consult the individual child by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Activities are introduced by the teacher, but there is no requirement for a child to complete the activity until they are ready, as what the child learns is fully guided by an individual child's interest. Classrooms are equipped with child-sized tables and chairs with learning materials on child height shelves. Education covers a variety of areas, for example completing practical tasks including pouring water, washing up, cleaning tables and sweeping floors. They will have access to materials relating to mathematics, languages, music, art and culture. They are taught to learn basic concepts of mathematics and writing through a hands-on approach using tactile materials.

closed_qa

Instruction: Explain the Montessori Method of education in pre-school and kindergarten Context: Montessori classrooms for children from 2+1⁄2 or 3 to 6 years old are often called Children's Houses, after Montessori's first school, the Casa dei Bambini in Rome in 1906. A typical classroom serves 20 to 30 children in mixed-age groups, staffed by a fully trained lead teacher and assistants. Classrooms are usually outfitted with child-sized tables and chairs arranged singly or in small clusters, with classroom materials on child-height shelves throughout the room. Activities are for the most part initially presented by the teacher, after which they may be chosen more or less freely by the children as interest dictates. A teacher's role within a Montessori classroom is to guide and consult students individually by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Classroom materials usually include activities for engaging in practical skills such as pouring and spooning, washing up, scrubbing tables and sweeping. Also materials for the development of the senses, mathematical materials, language materials, music, art and cultural materials, including more science-based activities like 'sink and float', Magnetic and Non magnetic and candle and air. Activities in Children's Houses are typically hands-on, tactile materials to teach concepts. For example, to teach writing, students use sandpaper letters. These are letters created by cutting letters out of sandpaper and placing them on wooden blocks. The children then trace these letters with their fingers to learn the shape and sound of each letter. Another example is the use of bead chains to teach math concepts, specifically multiplication. Specifically for multiples of 10, there is one bead that represents one unit, a bar of ten beads put together that represents 1×10, then a flat shape created by fitting 10 of the bars together to represent 10×10, and a cube created by fitting 10 of the flats together to represent 10×10×10. These materials help build a concrete understanding of basic concepts upon which much is built in the later years. Response: The Montessori Method for Education in pre-school and kindergarten is a unique approach to teaching children to build self-confidence and independence. Learning takes place in Children's Houses and are fully staffed with a mixture of qualified teachers and teaching assistants who guide and consult the individual child by letting each child create their own learning pathway. Activities are introduced by the teacher, but there is no requirement for a child to complete the activity until they are ready, as what the child learns is fully guided by an individual child's interest. Classrooms are equipped with child-sized tables and chairs with learning materials on child height shelves. Education covers a variety of areas, for example completing practical tasks including pouring water, washing up, cleaning tables and sweeping floors. They will have access to materials relating to mathematics, languages, music, art and culture. They are taught to learn basic concepts of mathematics and writing through a hands-on approach using tactile materials.

How can you tell how old a tree is?

The size of tree has a direct correlation on how old the tree is. The wider the diameter and circumference of the tree the older it is. When a tree is cut down there will be inner rings in the stump that describe the tree's age as well. A tree's diameter will increase in size about 2.5 centimeters per year. You can estimate the age of a tree by measuring the circumference of the tree in centimeters and then dividing it by 2.5 centimeters. It will be important to measure as close to the ground as possible to get the most accurate measurement for the tree's age.

open_qa

Instruction: How can you tell how old a tree is? Context: Response: The size of tree has a direct correlation on how old the tree is. The wider the diameter and circumference of the tree the older it is. When a tree is cut down there will be inner rings in the stump that describe the tree's age as well. A tree's diameter will increase in size about 2.5 centimeters per year. You can estimate the age of a tree by measuring the circumference of the tree in centimeters and then dividing it by 2.5 centimeters. It will be important to measure as close to the ground as possible to get the most accurate measurement for the tree's age.

Panchatantra stories were written by

Panchatantra stories were written by Kautilya in Sanskrit. The stories are about animals and humans living together in harmony. They teach valuable lessons about justice, compassion, and loyalty.

open_qa

Instruction: Panchatantra stories were written by Context: Response: Panchatantra stories were written by Kautilya in Sanskrit. The stories are about animals and humans living together in harmony. They teach valuable lessons about justice, compassion, and loyalty.

What is an unsecured loan?

Unsecured loans are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets.

open_qa

Instruction: What is an unsecured loan? Context: Response: Unsecured loans are monetary loans that are not secured against the borrower's assets.

Classify the following as either red wines or white wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz

Red wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz White wines: Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc

classification

Instruction: Classify the following as either red wines or white wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz Context: Response: Red wines: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Shiraz White wines: Pinot Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc

What is America's oldest brewery?

D.G. Yuengling and Son is the oldest recognized brewery in America.

open_qa

Instruction: What is America's oldest brewery? Context: Response: D.G. Yuengling and Son is the oldest recognized brewery in America.

Pitch me some bad ideas for cologne scents.

- Goat cheese - Dead bird - Nursing home - Gasoline - Carcase - Sweat - Basement must - Mold

brainstorming

Instruction: Pitch me some bad ideas for cologne scents. Context: Response: - Goat cheese - Dead bird - Nursing home - Gasoline - Carcase - Sweat - Basement must - Mold

Give me a bulleted list of all of the Star Wars movies in order by release date.

1. Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) 2. Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 3. Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) 4. Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) 5. Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) 6. Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) 7. Episode VII: The Force Awakens (2015)

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of all of the Star Wars movies in order by release date. Context: Response: 1. Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) 2. Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) 3. Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) 4. Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) 5. Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002) 6. Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) 7. Episode VII: The Force Awakens (2015)

Should I use a dynamic microphone or a condenser microphone for recording a podcast? What about streaming on twitch or making youtube videos? Should I ever use a ribbon microphone?

If you use a modern Apple laptop made after the year 2021, the built-in microphone has sufficient clarity and frequency response to make good recordings of your voice. It's not suitable for recording instruments, however.

general_qa

Instruction: Should I use a dynamic microphone or a condenser microphone for recording a podcast? What about streaming on twitch or making youtube videos? Should I ever use a ribbon microphone? Context: Response: If you use a modern Apple laptop made after the year 2021, the built-in microphone has sufficient clarity and frequency response to make good recordings of your voice. It's not suitable for recording instruments, however.

Given this reference text, what are column stores used for?

A column-oriented DBMS or columnar DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data tables by column rather than by row. Benefits include more efficient access to data when only querying a subset of columns (by eliminating the need to read columns that are not relevant), and more options for data compression. However, they are typically less efficient for inserting new data. Practical use of a column store versus a row store differs little in the relational DBMS world. Both columnar and row databases can use traditional database query languages like SQL to load data and perform queries. Both row and columnar databases can become the backbone in a system to serve data for common extract, transform, load (ETL) and tools.

A column store database stores data as any other database management system. The data itself is stored sequentially to improve the performance of scans on a subset of individual columns.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this reference text, what are column stores used for? Context: A column-oriented DBMS or columnar DBMS is a database management system (DBMS) that stores data tables by column rather than by row. Benefits include more efficient access to data when only querying a subset of columns (by eliminating the need to read columns that are not relevant), and more options for data compression. However, they are typically less efficient for inserting new data. Practical use of a column store versus a row store differs little in the relational DBMS world. Both columnar and row databases can use traditional database query languages like SQL to load data and perform queries. Both row and columnar databases can become the backbone in a system to serve data for common extract, transform, load (ETL) and tools. Response: A column store database stores data as any other database management system. The data itself is stored sequentially to improve the performance of scans on a subset of individual columns.

What are the top attractions to visit in Cancun?

Cancun is divided into two areas. Downtown, also known as Ciudad Cancun — and Cancun Island, also known as The Hotel Zone or “Zona Hotelera”. The Hotel Zone is the primary tourist area, synonymous with resorts, catamarans, wild nightlife and beaches. It’s a 15-mile strip of sand shaped like the number seven. This is where most people stay. As the name implies, there are tons of hotels as well as most of the nightlife and beaches. Restaurants and bars line the only road, Kulkukan Boulevard, which runs from one side of the Hotel Zone to the other. Apart from the Hotel Zone, the other visiting places are: 1. Any of the All inclusive resorts like XCaret, Hotel Ziva and Grand Sirenis etc. 2. Visit Downtown Cancun to explore local culture and delicious street food 3. Snorkeling or Paragliding near Cancun 4. Exploring amazing Cenotes- Cenotes are natural sinkholes filled with water formed in limestone caves 5. Explore Chichen Itza Maya Ruins - Chichen Itza Maya Ruins are amazing ancient pyramids dates back to 5th century. 6. Day Trip to Isla Mujeres - Isla Mujeres, which translates to “The Island of Women”, gets its name from the temple of Ixchel, the Maya goddess of fertility. This small island is only 20 minutes from Cancun by ferry from Hotel Zone.Isla Mujeres offers stunning views thanks to its rocky coast and gorgeous bays. It is also the first spot where you can see the sunrise in Mexico. This sleepy fishing village offers a well-deserved pause from the crazy nightlife of Cancun

brainstorming

Instruction: What are the top attractions to visit in Cancun? Context: Response: Cancun is divided into two areas. Downtown, also known as Ciudad Cancun — and Cancun Island, also known as The Hotel Zone or “Zona Hotelera”. The Hotel Zone is the primary tourist area, synonymous with resorts, catamarans, wild nightlife and beaches. It’s a 15-mile strip of sand shaped like the number seven. This is where most people stay. As the name implies, there are tons of hotels as well as most of the nightlife and beaches. Restaurants and bars line the only road, Kulkukan Boulevard, which runs from one side of the Hotel Zone to the other. Apart from the Hotel Zone, the other visiting places are: 1. Any of the All inclusive resorts like XCaret, Hotel Ziva and Grand Sirenis etc. 2. Visit Downtown Cancun to explore local culture and delicious street food 3. Snorkeling or Paragliding near Cancun 4. Exploring amazing Cenotes- Cenotes are natural sinkholes filled with water formed in limestone caves 5. Explore Chichen Itza Maya Ruins - Chichen Itza Maya Ruins are amazing ancient pyramids dates back to 5th century. 6. Day Trip to Isla Mujeres - Isla Mujeres, which translates to “The Island of Women”, gets its name from the temple of Ixchel, the Maya goddess of fertility. This small island is only 20 minutes from Cancun by ferry from Hotel Zone.Isla Mujeres offers stunning views thanks to its rocky coast and gorgeous bays. It is also the first spot where you can see the sunrise in Mexico. This sleepy fishing village offers a well-deserved pause from the crazy nightlife of Cancun

In Digital Marketing, what is the difference between SEO and SEM?

SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization and it focuses on the creation and enhancement of webpages to improve their rankings in organic search results. SEM stands for Search Engine Marketing and it focuses on the use of paid advertisements to rank at the top of Search Engine Results Page.

open_qa

Instruction: In Digital Marketing, what is the difference between SEO and SEM? Context: Response: SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization and it focuses on the creation and enhancement of webpages to improve their rankings in organic search results. SEM stands for Search Engine Marketing and it focuses on the use of paid advertisements to rank at the top of Search Engine Results Page.

Where was Atlassian founded?

Atlassian Corporation (/ətˈlæsiən/) is an Australian software company that develops products for software developers, project managers and other software development teams. The company is domiciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco.

Atlassian Corporation was founded in Australia, but is domeciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco.

closed_qa

Instruction: Where was Atlassian founded? Context: Atlassian Corporation (/ətˈlæsiən/) is an Australian software company that develops products for software developers, project managers and other software development teams. The company is domiciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco. Response: Atlassian Corporation was founded in Australia, but is domeciled in Delaware, with global headquarters in Sydney, Australia, and US headquarters in San Francisco.

On television what was Flipper

Dolphin

open_qa

Instruction: On television what was Flipper Context: Response: Dolphin

Give me a one line summary of this: "Gale gave me a sense of security I’d lacked since my father’s death. His companionship replaced the long solitary hours in the woods. I became a much better hunter when I didn’t have to look over my shoulder constantly, when someone was watching my back…Being out in the woods with Gale…sometimes I was actually happy.”

Gale made me feel secure and happy.

general_qa

Instruction: Give me a one line summary of this: "Gale gave me a sense of security I’d lacked since my father’s death. His companionship replaced the long solitary hours in the woods. I became a much better hunter when I didn’t have to look over my shoulder constantly, when someone was watching my back…Being out in the woods with Gale…sometimes I was actually happy.” Context: Response: Gale made me feel secure and happy.

What are 6 different types of pizza toppings?

Pepperoni, Sausage, Onions, Peppers, Ham, Bacon

brainstorming

Instruction: What are 6 different types of pizza toppings? Context: Response: Pepperoni, Sausage, Onions, Peppers, Ham, Bacon

Name some of the most popular rides at Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park.

Magic Kingdom has a beautiful selection of rides and attractions. Some of the most popular rides include Space Mountain, Tron Lightcycle / Run, Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, The Haunted Mansion, Peter Pan's Flight, Pirates of the Caribbean, and It's a small world.

open_qa

Instruction: Name some of the most popular rides at Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park. Context: Response: Magic Kingdom has a beautiful selection of rides and attractions. Some of the most popular rides include Space Mountain, Tron Lightcycle / Run, Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, The Haunted Mansion, Peter Pan's Flight, Pirates of the Caribbean, and It's a small world.

Who is best Michael Schumacher or Hamilton

Michael Schumacher is the best player in the world.The time he drove the car is more dangerous and was not regulated like the modern F1

brainstorming

Instruction: Who is best Michael Schumacher or Hamilton Context: Response: Michael Schumacher is the best player in the world.The time he drove the car is more dangerous and was not regulated like the modern F1

How long do bears hibernate?

Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 day

Bears can hibernate up to 100 days in their dens during the winter

information_extraction

Instruction: How long do bears hibernate? Context: Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 day Response: Bears can hibernate up to 100 days in their dens during the winter

What entree is associated with American Thanksgiving?

The traditional main meal for an American Thanksgiving is a Turkey

open_qa

Instruction: What entree is associated with American Thanksgiving? Context: Response: The traditional main meal for an American Thanksgiving is a Turkey

Which state is named in the passage?

The Brownstown Marl is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.

Arkansas

closed_qa

Instruction: Which state is named in the passage? Context: The Brownstown Marl is a geologic formation in Arkansas. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period. Response: Arkansas

Give me some examples of spoonerisms.

Spoonerisms are where the first one or two letters of a word are transposed with another word to create two new words with another meaning. Some examples of this are "boiled icicle", "bunny phone" or "must tree".

brainstorming

Instruction: Give me some examples of spoonerisms. Context: Response: Spoonerisms are where the first one or two letters of a word are transposed with another word to create two new words with another meaning. Some examples of this are "boiled icicle", "bunny phone" or "must tree".

Identify the bird from the list: Not, Knot, Nought

Knot

classification

Instruction: Identify the bird from the list: Not, Knot, Nought Context: Response: Knot

Classify each of the following as either a great house or minor house in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire": Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister, Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly

Great house: Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister Minor house: Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly

classification

Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a great house or minor house in the series "A Song of Ice and Fire": Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister, Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly Context: Response: Great house: Targaryen, Stark, Tyrell, Martell, Greyjoy, Baratheon, Lannister Minor house: Cerwyn, Karstark, Hornwood, Merryweather, Tarly

From the given text, list me details about parity plot

A parity plot is a scatterplot that compares a set of results from a computational model against benchmark data. Each point has coordinates (x, y), where x is a benchmark value and y is the corresponding value from the model. A line of the equation y = x, representing perfect model performance, is sometimes added as a reference. Where the model successfully reproduces a benchmark, that point will lie on the line. Parity plots are found in scientific papers and reports, when the author wishes to validate a model in a visual way. However, when the data have a wide range, the large scale makes important discrepancies invisible and the model appears better than it actually is. In that case, a plot of model errors [(y-x) vs. x] is better for evaluating the performance of the model.

1. A parity plot is a scatterplot that contrasts the output of a computer model with reference data. 2. Each point is identified by its coordinates (x, y), where x represents a benchmark value and y is the matching value from the model. 3. To serve as a reference, a line drawn from the equation y = x is occasionally included. Where the model accurately reproduces a benchmark, that point will fall on the line. 4. When an author wants to visually validate a model in a paper or report, parity plots are used. On the other hand, when the data span a wide range, the big scale obscures significant differences, giving the model the appearance of being better than it actually is. In that situation, a model error plot [(y-x) vs. x] is preferable for assessing the model's performance.

summarization

Instruction: From the given text, list me details about parity plot Context: A parity plot is a scatterplot that compares a set of results from a computational model against benchmark data. Each point has coordinates (x, y), where x is a benchmark value and y is the corresponding value from the model. A line of the equation y = x, representing perfect model performance, is sometimes added as a reference. Where the model successfully reproduces a benchmark, that point will lie on the line. Parity plots are found in scientific papers and reports, when the author wishes to validate a model in a visual way. However, when the data have a wide range, the large scale makes important discrepancies invisible and the model appears better than it actually is. In that case, a plot of model errors [(y-x) vs. x] is better for evaluating the performance of the model. Response: 1. A parity plot is a scatterplot that contrasts the output of a computer model with reference data. 2. Each point is identified by its coordinates (x, y), where x represents a benchmark value and y is the matching value from the model. 3. To serve as a reference, a line drawn from the equation y = x is occasionally included. Where the model accurately reproduces a benchmark, that point will fall on the line. 4. When an author wants to visually validate a model in a paper or report, parity plots are used. On the other hand, when the data span a wide range, the big scale obscures significant differences, giving the model the appearance of being better than it actually is. In that situation, a model error plot [(y-x) vs. x] is preferable for assessing the model's performance.

Why is Pickleball sport so popular

Pickleball is so popular because anyone can get started fairly easily, as the equipment is not expensive, and there are lot of freely available public courts to play. It is also an easy sport to quickly pick up and able to play at a decent level recreationally and competitively.

open_qa

Instruction: Why is Pickleball sport so popular Context: Response: Pickleball is so popular because anyone can get started fairly easily, as the equipment is not expensive, and there are lot of freely available public courts to play. It is also an easy sport to quickly pick up and able to play at a decent level recreationally and competitively.

Given the reference text about AC Milan, how many FIFA and UEFA trophies have they won?

Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan]), commonly referred to as AC Milan (Italian pronunciation: [a ˈtʃi ˈmiːlan]) or simply Milan (Italian pronunciation: [miːlan]), is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899. The club has spent its entire history, with the exception of the 1980–81 and 1982–83 seasons, in the top flight of Italian football, known as Serie A since 1929–30. AC Milan's 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies is the fourth highest out of any club (joint with Boca Juniors[nb 1]), and the most out of any Italian club. Milan has won a joint record three Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup, seven European Cup/Champions League titles (Italian record), the UEFA Super Cup a joint record five times and the Cup Winners' Cup twice. With 19 league titles, Milan is tied as the second most successful club in Serie A with local rivals Inter Milan (also with 19 league titles), behind Juventus (36 league titles). They have also won the Coppa Italia five times, and the Supercoppa Italiana seven. Milan's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which was built by Milan's second chairman Piero Pirelli in 1926 and is shared since 1947 with city rivals Internazionale, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 75,923. They have a long-standing rivalry with Inter, with whom they contest the Derby della Madonnina which is one of the most followed derbies in football. The club is one of the wealthiest in Italian and world football. It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association.

AC Milan has won 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies, which is the fourth most out of any club.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given the reference text about AC Milan, how many FIFA and UEFA trophies have they won? Context: Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan]), commonly referred to as AC Milan (Italian pronunciation: [a ˈtʃi ˈmiːlan]) or simply Milan (Italian pronunciation: [miːlan]), is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899. The club has spent its entire history, with the exception of the 1980–81 and 1982–83 seasons, in the top flight of Italian football, known as Serie A since 1929–30. AC Milan's 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies is the fourth highest out of any club (joint with Boca Juniors[nb 1]), and the most out of any Italian club. Milan has won a joint record three Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup, seven European Cup/Champions League titles (Italian record), the UEFA Super Cup a joint record five times and the Cup Winners' Cup twice. With 19 league titles, Milan is tied as the second most successful club in Serie A with local rivals Inter Milan (also with 19 league titles), behind Juventus (36 league titles). They have also won the Coppa Italia five times, and the Supercoppa Italiana seven. Milan's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which was built by Milan's second chairman Piero Pirelli in 1926 and is shared since 1947 with city rivals Internazionale, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 75,923. They have a long-standing rivalry with Inter, with whom they contest the Derby della Madonnina which is one of the most followed derbies in football. The club is one of the wealthiest in Italian and world football. It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association. Response: AC Milan has won 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies, which is the fourth most out of any club.

What is the name of the season that begins in the summer and ends in the winter?

Fall

classification

Instruction: What is the name of the season that begins in the summer and ends in the winter? Context: Response: Fall

Which animal is associated with Chengdu?

"Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China. Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the ""Country of Heaven"" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the ""Land of Abundance"". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding."

Chengdu is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.

closed_qa

Instruction: Which animal is associated with Chengdu? Context: "Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China. Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the ""Country of Heaven"" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the ""Land of Abundance"". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding." Response: Chengdu is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.

Why mobile is bad for human

We are always engaged one phone which is not good.

brainstorming

Instruction: Why mobile is bad for human Context: Response: We are always engaged one phone which is not good.

From the passage provided, summarise the key phases of sunset.

Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed. Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky. Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours.

Sunset is divided into three stages. The first is twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappears below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon.

information_extraction

Instruction: From the passage provided, summarise the key phases of sunset. Context: Sunset, also known as sundown, is the daily disappearance of the Sun below the horizon due to Earth's rotation. As viewed from everywhere on Earth (except the North and South poles), the equinox Sun sets due west at the moment of both the spring and autumn equinoxes. As viewed from the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun sets to the northwest (or not at all) in the spring and summer, and to the southwest in the autumn and winter; these seasons are reversed for the Southern Hemisphere. The time of sunset is defined in astronomy as the moment when the upper limb of the Sun disappears below the horizon. Near the horizon, atmospheric refraction causes sunlight rays to be distorted to such an extent that geometrically the solar disk is already about one diameter below the horizon when a sunset is observed. Sunset is distinct from twilight, which is divided into three stages. The first one is civil twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappeared below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon. Dusk is at the very end of astronomical twilight, and is the darkest moment of twilight just before night. Finally, night occurs when the Sun reaches 18 degrees below the horizon and no longer illuminates the sky. Locations further north than the Arctic Circle and further south than the Antarctic Circle experience no full sunset or sunrise on at least one day of the year, when the polar day or the polar night persists continuously for 24 hours. Response: Sunset is divided into three stages. The first is twilight, which begins once the Sun has disappears below the horizon, and continues until it descends to 6 degrees below the horizon. The second phase is nautical twilight, between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The third phase is astronomical twilight, which is the period when the Sun is between 12 and 18 degrees below the horizon.

For whom was Harvard University named?

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

Harvard University was names for John Harvard - the Puritan clergyman who was the university's first benefactor.

summarization

Instruction: For whom was Harvard University named? Context: Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Response: Harvard University was names for John Harvard - the Puritan clergyman who was the university's first benefactor.

Tell me whether these cities are in Texas: Austin, Houston, New York, Chicago, Miami, Dallas

Austin, Houston, Dallas

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether these cities are in Texas: Austin, Houston, New York, Chicago, Miami, Dallas Context: Response: Austin, Houston, Dallas

How is Delta Lake related to Apache Spark?

Delta Lake sits on top of Apache Spark. The format and the compute layer helps to simplify building big data pipelines and increase the overall efficiency of your pipelines.

general_qa

Instruction: How is Delta Lake related to Apache Spark? Context: Response: Delta Lake sits on top of Apache Spark. The format and the compute layer helps to simplify building big data pipelines and increase the overall efficiency of your pipelines.

Do I need diverter to charge my car using excess generated power from solar panels?

The need for a separate Solar PV diverter depends mostly on your EVSE (car charger). Some chargers already come with the capability to intelligently divert any extra power from your solar panels by monitoring your grid connection or a combination of solar panel output and your house consumption. Smart EVSE still requires the installation by a licensed electrician, but the overall system is much simpler than the alternatives. Car chargers, which do not support monitoring your electrical grid, may still allow controlling the charging by an external system, but complicates the overall setup and requires multiple modules to work together to achieve the goal. Car chargers, which neither can monitor the grid and doesn't support external control of the charging current, may not work well even with a Solar PV diverter depending on the mode of operation of the Solar PV diverter and the design of the car charger.

general_qa

Instruction: Do I need diverter to charge my car using excess generated power from solar panels? Context: Response: The need for a separate Solar PV diverter depends mostly on your EVSE (car charger). Some chargers already come with the capability to intelligently divert any extra power from your solar panels by monitoring your grid connection or a combination of solar panel output and your house consumption. Smart EVSE still requires the installation by a licensed electrician, but the overall system is much simpler than the alternatives. Car chargers, which do not support monitoring your electrical grid, may still allow controlling the charging by an external system, but complicates the overall setup and requires multiple modules to work together to achieve the goal. Car chargers, which neither can monitor the grid and doesn't support external control of the charging current, may not work well even with a Solar PV diverter depending on the mode of operation of the Solar PV diverter and the design of the car charger.

Write a thoughtful letter to my mother-in-law asking her to move out of our house and in to a retirement community. Make sure to thank her for her help and be kind. She has lived with us for 5 years and helped us when our kids were little. We want her to move out in the next 6 months, and we will pay for her retirement home and care.

Dear [insert name], It has been great living with you for the last 5 years. When our kids were small, you helped care for them and made a big impact on their development. We could not have raised them without your help. Now that the kids are older, we want to make sure we are not slowing you down or keeping you from your retirement goals. In fact, we would love to return the favor you did for us, by helping you find a retirement community that you can enjoy and prosper in. We are happy to pay for all of the accommodations and ensure moving is as easy as possible. We think it is best to make this change in the next 6 months, and we will do everything we can to help you navigate this important transition, for you and for us. Love Always, [insert name]

creative_writing

Instruction: Write a thoughtful letter to my mother-in-law asking her to move out of our house and in to a retirement community. Make sure to thank her for her help and be kind. She has lived with us for 5 years and helped us when our kids were little. We want her to move out in the next 6 months, and we will pay for her retirement home and care. Context: Response: Dear [insert name], It has been great living with you for the last 5 years. When our kids were small, you helped care for them and made a big impact on their development. We could not have raised them without your help. Now that the kids are older, we want to make sure we are not slowing you down or keeping you from your retirement goals. In fact, we would love to return the favor you did for us, by helping you find a retirement community that you can enjoy and prosper in. We are happy to pay for all of the accommodations and ensure moving is as easy as possible. We think it is best to make this change in the next 6 months, and we will do everything we can to help you navigate this important transition, for you and for us. Love Always, [insert name]

What are the pros and cons of denormalizing data sets?

The pro for denormalizing data is to optimize for scan related queries of data and data serving. The con is that denormalization increases data latency due to the re-building of the materialized view.

open_qa

Instruction: What are the pros and cons of denormalizing data sets? Context: Response: The pro for denormalizing data is to optimize for scan related queries of data and data serving. The con is that denormalization increases data latency due to the re-building of the materialized view.

Who is Laika and why is she famous?

Laika (/ˈlaɪkə/ LY-kə; Russian: Лайка, IPA: [ˈlajkə]; c. 1954 – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of overheating hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit. Little was known about the effects of spaceflight on living creatures at the time of Laika's mission, and animal flights were viewed by engineers as a necessary precursor to human missions. The experiment, which monitored Laika's vital signs, aimed to prove that a living organism could survive being launched into orbit and continue to function under conditions of weakened gravity and increased radiation, providing scientists with some of the first data on the biological effects of spaceflight. Laika died within hours from overheating, possibly caused by a failure of the central R‑7 sustainer to separate from the payload. The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or, as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion. In 2008, a small monument to Laika depicting her standing atop a rocket was unveiled near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared her flight. She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow.

Laika was one of the first animals in space and the first one to orbit the space. She was sent into the outer space by the Soviet Union. She died of overheating hours into the flight while the spacecraft carrying her was in the orbit.

closed_qa

Instruction: Who is Laika and why is she famous? Context: Laika (/ˈlaɪkə/ LY-kə; Russian: Лайка, IPA: [ˈlajkə]; c. 1954 – 3 November 1957) was a Soviet space dog who was one of the first animals in space and the first to orbit the Earth. A stray mongrel from the streets of Moscow, she flew aboard the Sputnik 2 spacecraft, launched into low orbit on 3 November 1957. As the technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, Laika's survival was never expected. She died of overheating hours into the flight, on the craft's fourth orbit. Little was known about the effects of spaceflight on living creatures at the time of Laika's mission, and animal flights were viewed by engineers as a necessary precursor to human missions. The experiment, which monitored Laika's vital signs, aimed to prove that a living organism could survive being launched into orbit and continue to function under conditions of weakened gravity and increased radiation, providing scientists with some of the first data on the biological effects of spaceflight. Laika died within hours from overheating, possibly caused by a failure of the central R‑7 sustainer to separate from the payload. The true cause and time of her death were not made public until 2002; instead, it was widely reported that she died when her oxygen ran out on day six or, as the Soviet government initially claimed, she was euthanised prior to oxygen depletion. In 2008, a small monument to Laika depicting her standing atop a rocket was unveiled near the military research facility in Moscow that prepared her flight. She also appears on the Monument to the Conquerors of Space in Moscow. Response: Laika was one of the first animals in space and the first one to orbit the space. She was sent into the outer space by the Soviet Union. She died of overheating hours into the flight while the spacecraft carrying her was in the orbit.

What is the best language in the world

Bengali is the best language in the world Because it's very sweet to listen.

brainstorming

Instruction: What is the best language in the world Context: Response: Bengali is the best language in the world Because it's very sweet to listen.

What are the best rock bands that were part of the British invasion?

While tastes may differ, the top answers are generally the Rolling Stones, The Beatles and The Who. There are others on many lists, for example The Kinks.

brainstorming

Instruction: What are the best rock bands that were part of the British invasion? Context: Response: While tastes may differ, the top answers are generally the Rolling Stones, The Beatles and The Who. There are others on many lists, for example The Kinks.

What is System Thinking

Systems thinking is a way of making sense of complexity by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than splitting it into parts. It is based on the idea that all critical processes in an organization are interrelated and work together to achieve a common goal.

open_qa

Instruction: What is System Thinking Context: Response: Systems thinking is a way of making sense of complexity by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than splitting it into parts. It is based on the idea that all critical processes in an organization are interrelated and work together to achieve a common goal.

What is an index fund?

An index fund is a basket of individual stocks that is designed to match the performance of specific group of stocks. Index funds allow investors to avoid investing in an individual stock and distribute the investment risk across a broader set of companies.

open_qa

Instruction: What is an index fund? Context: Response: An index fund is a basket of individual stocks that is designed to match the performance of specific group of stocks. Index funds allow investors to avoid investing in an individual stock and distribute the investment risk across a broader set of companies.

What are the top largest economies in the world?

The United States China Japan Germany

brainstorming

Instruction: What are the top largest economies in the world? Context: Response: The United States China Japan Germany

Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in their house. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end.

Joelle bought a new house in her dream neighborhood nestled in the hills. The house was very old but beautiful and the perfect setting for Joelle to live the quiet life she was wishing for. She worked at the same busy job for 50 years and needed somewhere gentle for retirement. The day she moved in she brought all her things from her apartment and her old cat named Trixi. When Trixi explored the house, she searched each room on the bottom floor but wouldn't walk up the stairs to the second floor. Joelle assumed it was due to her old age and didn't force Trixi up the stairs. Then one day, Joelle came home from the store and couldn't find Trixi anywhere, she was shocked. She ran around the bottom floor of the house and eventually went upstairs to her bedroom defeated. She tripped over a loose blank in the floor and suddenly a trap door opened and she pummeled into darkness. Joelle was shocked and when her eyes adjusted she realized the trap door led to a secret staircase in the house. The staircase led to an old wine cellar. That turned out to be the best day of Joelle's life because she was able to auction off all the old wine bottles and artifacts and make millions of dollars.

creative_writing

Instruction: Write a short story about a person who discovers a hidden room in their house. The story should include a plot twist and a clear resolution at the end. Context: Response: Joelle bought a new house in her dream neighborhood nestled in the hills. The house was very old but beautiful and the perfect setting for Joelle to live the quiet life she was wishing for. She worked at the same busy job for 50 years and needed somewhere gentle for retirement. The day she moved in she brought all her things from her apartment and her old cat named Trixi. When Trixi explored the house, she searched each room on the bottom floor but wouldn't walk up the stairs to the second floor. Joelle assumed it was due to her old age and didn't force Trixi up the stairs. Then one day, Joelle came home from the store and couldn't find Trixi anywhere, she was shocked. She ran around the bottom floor of the house and eventually went upstairs to her bedroom defeated. She tripped over a loose blank in the floor and suddenly a trap door opened and she pummeled into darkness. Joelle was shocked and when her eyes adjusted she realized the trap door led to a secret staircase in the house. The staircase led to an old wine cellar. That turned out to be the best day of Joelle's life because she was able to auction off all the old wine bottles and artifacts and make millions of dollars.

How would you describe genomics?

Genomics is the study of the genetic material of an organism, including the structure, function, and regulation of genes. Genomics is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and diagnose genetic disorders, develop new treatments, and understand the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases.

brainstorming

Instruction: How would you describe genomics? Context: Response: Genomics is the study of the genetic material of an organism, including the structure, function, and regulation of genes. Genomics is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and diagnose genetic disorders, develop new treatments, and understand the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases.

Which of the following sports involve rackets: Tennis, Badminton, Squash, Football, Soccer, Basketball, Cricket, Ping Pong.

Tennis, Badminton, Squash, Ping Pong are racket sports.

classification

Instruction: Which of the following sports involve rackets: Tennis, Badminton, Squash, Football, Soccer, Basketball, Cricket, Ping Pong. Context: Response: Tennis, Badminton, Squash, Ping Pong are racket sports.

Where can I find Leptodactylus tapiti?

Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.

Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog that are native to Brazil. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.

closed_qa

Instruction: Where can I find Leptodactylus tapiti? Context: Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers. Response: Leptodactylus tapiti is a species of frog that are native to Brazil. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, and rivers.

Write a short, polite but forceful letter to the City of Toronto requesting they waive their assessed penalty for late submission of the annual home vacancy declaration, which was impossible to file due to an overwhelmed web portal and incorrect backend data for my home.

To Whom It May Concern: I was unable to complete the filing of my home vacancy declaration by the deadline, and was assessed a penalty for the late submission. I faced numerous problems during submission due to your overwhelmed web portal, and even once I passed that barrier, I then faced incorrect data about my account that made it impossible to complete the process. I would appreciate if you would waive the assessed penalty due to these circumstances. I sympathesize with the difficulties you faced with the roll out of this system, and look forward to what will surely be a smoother process next year. Sincerely, Signed.

creative_writing

Instruction: Write a short, polite but forceful letter to the City of Toronto requesting they waive their assessed penalty for late submission of the annual home vacancy declaration, which was impossible to file due to an overwhelmed web portal and incorrect backend data for my home. Context: Response: To Whom It May Concern: I was unable to complete the filing of my home vacancy declaration by the deadline, and was assessed a penalty for the late submission. I faced numerous problems during submission due to your overwhelmed web portal, and even once I passed that barrier, I then faced incorrect data about my account that made it impossible to complete the process. I would appreciate if you would waive the assessed penalty due to these circumstances. I sympathesize with the difficulties you faced with the roll out of this system, and look forward to what will surely be a smoother process next year. Sincerely, Signed.

Would you typically find each of the following items in a bathroom, bedroom, kitchen or living room? Couch, pillow, dish soap, bedside table, oven, shower, toilet, coffee table, coffee machine

Couch: living room, pillow: bedroom, dish soap: kitchen, bedside table: bedroom, oven: kitchen, shower: bathroom, toilet: bathroom, coffee table: living room, coffee machine: kitchen

classification

Instruction: Would you typically find each of the following items in a bathroom, bedroom, kitchen or living room? Couch, pillow, dish soap, bedside table, oven, shower, toilet, coffee table, coffee machine Context: Response: Couch: living room, pillow: bedroom, dish soap: kitchen, bedside table: bedroom, oven: kitchen, shower: bathroom, toilet: bathroom, coffee table: living room, coffee machine: kitchen

Who is the youngest Stark child in Game of Thrones TV show?

Rickon Stark is the youngest Stark

open_qa

Instruction: Who is the youngest Stark child in Game of Thrones TV show? Context: Response: Rickon Stark is the youngest Stark

What genus are beavers a part of?

Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.

Castor genus

closed_qa

Instruction: What genus are beavers a part of? Context: Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges. Response: Castor genus

Which community of users on Twitter has the most 8-dollar-a-month verification?

From my limited experience, it's the bitcoin bros who are the most willing to pay Elon Musk 8 dollars a month for the useless verification blue check mark. What a double whammy!

brainstorming

Instruction: Which community of users on Twitter has the most 8-dollar-a-month verification? Context: Response: From my limited experience, it's the bitcoin bros who are the most willing to pay Elon Musk 8 dollars a month for the useless verification blue check mark. What a double whammy!

Tell me whether these are names of automobile or motorcycle companies: Ford, Triumph, Indian, Harley Davidson, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Toyota.

Ford is an automobile company. Triumph is a motorcycle company. Indian is a motorcycle company. Harley Davidson is a motorcycle company. Rolls Royce is an automobile company. Mercedes is an automobile company. Toyota is an automobile company.

classification

Instruction: Tell me whether these are names of automobile or motorcycle companies: Ford, Triumph, Indian, Harley Davidson, Rolls Royce, Mercedes, Toyota. Context: Response: Ford is an automobile company. Triumph is a motorcycle company. Indian is a motorcycle company. Harley Davidson is a motorcycle company. Rolls Royce is an automobile company. Mercedes is an automobile company. Toyota is an automobile company.

Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Thanos, Darkseid

Thanos is Marvel, Darkseid is DC

classification

Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Thanos, Darkseid Context: Response: Thanos is Marvel, Darkseid is DC

Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bubon, Kobyz

Kobyz is string, Bubon is percussion.

classification

Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bubon, Kobyz Context: Response: Kobyz is string, Bubon is percussion.

Of which generation is Jiang the core leader of China

Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping. Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982. Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform". Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai.

He is the third generation of Chinese leadership

closed_qa

Instruction: Of which generation is Jiang the core leader of China Context: Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping. Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982. Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform". Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai. Response: He is the third generation of Chinese leadership

What are Arabic numerals?

Arabic numerals refers to the ten digits commonly used today to represent numbers. The digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. They were adopted by European mathematicians around the 10th century C.E. from numerals used by Arabic speakers in North Africa. The numerals are used in a positional or place-value notation which makes complex calculations by humans easier.

general_qa

Instruction: What are Arabic numerals? Context: Response: Arabic numerals refers to the ten digits commonly used today to represent numbers. The digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. They were adopted by European mathematicians around the 10th century C.E. from numerals used by Arabic speakers in North Africa. The numerals are used in a positional or place-value notation which makes complex calculations by humans easier.

Who won the 1986 Major League Baseball World Series and in how many games?

The 1986 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1986 season. The 83rd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox. The Mets won the series four games to three to claim their second World Series title and first since 1969. The series is best remembered for its Game 6, which saw the Mets rally from a two run-deficit in the bottom of the 10th inning, despite having two outs and no one on base. The Red Sox, who held a 3–2 series lead, were twice one strike away from securing the championship, but failed to close out the inning as the Mets won off an error by Boston first baseman Bill Buckner. Due to the Mets claiming the series in Game 7, the Game 6 collapse entered baseball lore as part of the Curse of the Bambino superstition used to explain the Red Sox's championship drought after the 1918 World Series.

The New York Mets beat the Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3, to win the World Series. The Red Sox were a strike away from winning the series in Game 6 but the Mets won the game due to an error from first baseman Bill Buckner. The Mets went on to easily win Game 7. This was used as another data point in the "Curse of the Bambino" superstition that started in 1918 when the Red Sox traded Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees and hadn't won a World Series since (up til that point in time).

summarization

Instruction: Who won the 1986 Major League Baseball World Series and in how many games? Context: The 1986 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1986 season. The 83rd edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox. The Mets won the series four games to three to claim their second World Series title and first since 1969. The series is best remembered for its Game 6, which saw the Mets rally from a two run-deficit in the bottom of the 10th inning, despite having two outs and no one on base. The Red Sox, who held a 3–2 series lead, were twice one strike away from securing the championship, but failed to close out the inning as the Mets won off an error by Boston first baseman Bill Buckner. Due to the Mets claiming the series in Game 7, the Game 6 collapse entered baseball lore as part of the Curse of the Bambino superstition used to explain the Red Sox's championship drought after the 1918 World Series. Response: The New York Mets beat the Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3, to win the World Series. The Red Sox were a strike away from winning the series in Game 6 but the Mets won the game due to an error from first baseman Bill Buckner. The Mets went on to easily win Game 7. This was used as another data point in the "Curse of the Bambino" superstition that started in 1918 when the Red Sox traded Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees and hadn't won a World Series since (up til that point in time).

What are Indic languages?

Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians, both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages.Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates.  As per the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.

Indic languages are the languages spoken in the Republic of India composed of Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages.

information_extraction

Instruction: What are Indic languages? Context: Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians, both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages.Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the population belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates.  As per the People's Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840). Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456. Response: Indic languages are the languages spoken in the Republic of India composed of Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages.

Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży?

Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń.

Piotrków Kujawski. Rudzk Duży is closest to Piotrków Kujawski.

closed_qa

Instruction: Which of the other locations mentioned in this article is closest to Rudzk Duży? Context: Rudzk Duży [ˈrut͡sk ˈduʐɨ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Piotrków Kujawski, within Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Piotrków Kujawski, 15 km (9 mi) south-west of Radziejów, and 59 km (37 mi) south of Toruń. Response: Piotrków Kujawski. Rudzk Duży is closest to Piotrków Kujawski.

What advise would you give on touring India?

India is a very large and diverse country. Despite many commonalities such as religion and weather, the east west north and south India have distinct variations in culture, food, music and attire. There are even variations in language at state level. There are 28 states and 8 Union territories in India. Union Territories are administered by the President through an Administrator appointed by him/her. Besides the mega cities Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Bangluru and Chennai, smaller towns such as Udaypur, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Agra, Amritsar, Pune also attract a good number of visitors. Indian government promotes tourism under “Incredible India” slogan. Recent devaluation of Indian currency provides an opportunity to get more bang for your bucks. Although, prices have reason sharply in India due to constant inflation. Law and order tend to be generally good. However as a foreigner, be extra careful as they are targets of mugging in less populated areas at night.

general_qa

Instruction: What advise would you give on touring India? Context: Response: India is a very large and diverse country. Despite many commonalities such as religion and weather, the east west north and south India have distinct variations in culture, food, music and attire. There are even variations in language at state level. There are 28 states and 8 Union territories in India. Union Territories are administered by the President through an Administrator appointed by him/her. Besides the mega cities Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Bangluru and Chennai, smaller towns such as Udaypur, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Agra, Amritsar, Pune also attract a good number of visitors. Indian government promotes tourism under “Incredible India” slogan. Recent devaluation of Indian currency provides an opportunity to get more bang for your bucks. Although, prices have reason sharply in India due to constant inflation. Law and order tend to be generally good. However as a foreigner, be extra careful as they are targets of mugging in less populated areas at night.

Given this paragraph about the M26, tell me how many times Hunt finished in the top 3, and explain your reasoning.

McLaren relied on the M23 during the rest of the season and for the first few races of 1977 until it was deemed necessary that the M26 was to race in light of the wilting performance of its predecessor. The redesigned car made its debut at the Spanish Grand Prix, where it proved to be a solid, if unspectacular performer. James Hunt, who initially hated the car knuckled down to improve the race pace and reliability of the M26, and throughout the season the car's performance improved noticeably. Hunt won three times during the course of the season, and scored two other podium finishes in the second half of the season. Two other potential victories were lost in Austria and Canada through reliability issues when Hunt was leading easily. At season's end, McLaren had scored 69 points and were third in the constructors' championship.

He placed in the top 3 a total of 5 times, because he won three times and had an additional two podium finishes.

closed_qa

Instruction: Given this paragraph about the M26, tell me how many times Hunt finished in the top 3, and explain your reasoning. Context: McLaren relied on the M23 during the rest of the season and for the first few races of 1977 until it was deemed necessary that the M26 was to race in light of the wilting performance of its predecessor. The redesigned car made its debut at the Spanish Grand Prix, where it proved to be a solid, if unspectacular performer. James Hunt, who initially hated the car knuckled down to improve the race pace and reliability of the M26, and throughout the season the car's performance improved noticeably. Hunt won three times during the course of the season, and scored two other podium finishes in the second half of the season. Two other potential victories were lost in Austria and Canada through reliability issues when Hunt was leading easily. At season's end, McLaren had scored 69 points and were third in the constructors' championship. Response: He placed in the top 3 a total of 5 times, because he won three times and had an additional two podium finishes.

What is one of your favorite hobbies?

I love playing with my children. I have a 5 year old son and a 2 year old daughter, both of whom are an absolute delight. My son enjoys reading, exploring, and general horseplay, while my daughter enjoys pretending all of her toys are families. It's a lot of fun coming home every day and spending time with those two.

general_qa

Instruction: What is one of your favorite hobbies? Context: Response: I love playing with my children. I have a 5 year old son and a 2 year old daughter, both of whom are an absolute delight. My son enjoys reading, exploring, and general horseplay, while my daughter enjoys pretending all of her toys are families. It's a lot of fun coming home every day and spending time with those two.

What is a prime number?

A prime number is a number greater than one that can only be divided by the number 1 and itself.

open_qa

Instruction: What is a prime number? Context: Response: A prime number is a number greater than one that can only be divided by the number 1 and itself.

What are some of the sight seeing and outdoor activities to do in Portugal, Spain

Day 1: Arrival in Lisbon - Transfer from the airport to the hotel (8.6 miles/14 km) Day 2: Lisbon - Visit to Belém Tower (5.5 miles/9 km) - Jerónimos Monastery - St. George's Castle - Alfama neighborhood Day 3: Sintra - Visit to Pena Palace (18.7 miles/30 km) - Sintra National Palace - Cabo da Roca (14.6 miles/23.5 km) Day 4: Cascais - Beach day in Cascais (16.8 miles/27 km) - Visit to Boca do Inferno - Cascais Marina Day 5: Óbidos - Visit to Óbidos Castle (52.8 miles/85 km) - Walk through the village - Visit to Alcobaça Monastery (22.8 miles/37 km) Day 6: Nazaré - Visit to Nazaré beach (30.7 miles/49.5 km) - Cable car ride - Visit to the Chapel of Our Lady of Nazaré Day 7: Coimbra - Visit to Coimbra University (68.3 miles/110 km) - Walk through the historic center - Visit to the Old Cathedral Day 8: Aveiro - Boat ride through the canals of Aveiro (44.7 miles/72 km) - Visit to the Aveiro Cathedral - Walk through the Fisherman's Quarter Day 9: Porto - Visit to the Ribeira neighborhood (46.6 miles/75 km) - Climb the Clérigos Tower - Visit to the São Bento train station - Tour of the Port wine cellars Day 10: Departure from Porto - Transfer from the hotel to the airport (10.4 miles/17 km)

creative_writing

Instruction: What are some of the sight seeing and outdoor activities to do in Portugal, Spain Context: Response: Day 1: Arrival in Lisbon - Transfer from the airport to the hotel (8.6 miles/14 km) Day 2: Lisbon - Visit to Belém Tower (5.5 miles/9 km) - Jerónimos Monastery - St. George's Castle - Alfama neighborhood Day 3: Sintra - Visit to Pena Palace (18.7 miles/30 km) - Sintra National Palace - Cabo da Roca (14.6 miles/23.5 km) Day 4: Cascais - Beach day in Cascais (16.8 miles/27 km) - Visit to Boca do Inferno - Cascais Marina Day 5: Óbidos - Visit to Óbidos Castle (52.8 miles/85 km) - Walk through the village - Visit to Alcobaça Monastery (22.8 miles/37 km) Day 6: Nazaré - Visit to Nazaré beach (30.7 miles/49.5 km) - Cable car ride - Visit to the Chapel of Our Lady of Nazaré Day 7: Coimbra - Visit to Coimbra University (68.3 miles/110 km) - Walk through the historic center - Visit to the Old Cathedral Day 8: Aveiro - Boat ride through the canals of Aveiro (44.7 miles/72 km) - Visit to the Aveiro Cathedral - Walk through the Fisherman's Quarter Day 9: Porto - Visit to the Ribeira neighborhood (46.6 miles/75 km) - Climb the Clérigos Tower - Visit to the São Bento train station - Tour of the Port wine cellars Day 10: Departure from Porto - Transfer from the hotel to the airport (10.4 miles/17 km)

Who is Shoji Hashimoto?

Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player.

Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player. Hashimoto turned pro in 1947 when he was just 12. It took him only 11 years to reach 9p. He learned Go from his father Hashimoto Kunisaburō and his disciples include Takahara Shūji, Moriyama Naoki, Oda Hiromitsu, Okahashi Hirotada, and Hayashi Kōzō. He was a member of the Kansai Ki-in.

information_extraction

Instruction: Who is Shoji Hashimoto? Context: Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player. Response: Shoji Hashimoto (橋本 昌二, Hashimoto Shōji, April 18, 1935 – December 2, 2009) was a professional Go player. Hashimoto turned pro in 1947 when he was just 12. It took him only 11 years to reach 9p. He learned Go from his father Hashimoto Kunisaburō and his disciples include Takahara Shūji, Moriyama Naoki, Oda Hiromitsu, Okahashi Hirotada, and Hayashi Kōzō. He was a member of the Kansai Ki-in.