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He'd expected the static burst, the light, the grief. What Neku hadn't expected was for Joshua's Noise form to simply collapse to the floor unmoving, for Maya's caution as she stepped closer to get a better look, for the black markings to flare brightly as he too approached. This time, they didn't fade. He sank to his knees. "Joshua..?" he called softly, afraid to hope. And then, the faintest whimper of pain as the other began to glow faintly. "H—He's still here," Maya breathed. He gasped, unable to manage much else. "Oh... Oh God." She sank to the floor as well. Abruptly, she seemed to snap to attention. "T—The energy of Shibuya! It's healing him!" Neku wanted to weep for joy, but he could tell she didn't mean it as good news. "Isn't that—" "If we don't do something quick, he'll recover completely and try to kill us again!" "What?! You can't— I— Didn't you say I could 'cure' him?" Maya nodded. "It's risky. And you can't make a single mistake. If you do, he won't really be himself when it's done. Do you understand?" Neku fisted his hands in his clothes. "Just tell me!" No matter what it takes. He'd promised. "You need to remove the corruption from his Music with your Imagination. It's like... overwriting a file. You replace the corrupted sections with what they ought to sound like." Maya grabbed his wrist and pressed his hand to the unicorn's neck. "Listen." He did. But even in complete silence, he couldn't hear a sound. "I don't h—" "Focus! It's not the kind of Music you hear with your ears." He shifted so Joshua's head rested in his lap and ran his fingers through soft fur that seemed to pass through his hand like light. The Noise made a soft sound, something akin to a whinny. Neku closed his eyes and concentrated, putting everything except Joshua out of his mind. He didn't have to try very hard. That's when he heard it, the sweetest sound, a hauntingly familiar melody. Even as he tried to catch more of it, it was swallowed up in static. "—is the poison's corruption," Maya confirmed. "Sometimes, it's static. Other times, it's just the wrong sound. The latter is more difficult to detect, but more easily fixed. The former you will have to forcibly break through. Hurry now. You don't have much time." "Wait, wait. All this about the wrong sound... How will I know what the right sound is?" She stared at him. "He's your Partner, Neku. Surely, you know what his Music sounds like." Neku stared right back, wide-eyed. "Surely? Where would I have heard it?" "Whenever your sync rate is at its peak?" She sounded exasperated. Taking a deep breath, she continued more calmly. "Try again. Really listen. Remember. Haven't you heard it before?" He closed his eyes again and strained to hear the Music again. This time, he caught more of it before the static kicked in, but he still couldn't place it. Where have I... "Don't you hear something whenever you use a maximum level Fusion attack?" A max level Fusion? That's it! Just that day against the spiders... He thought back, trying his best to recall exactly how the Music went. Come to think of it, heck, he'd heard it sometime last night too, but that probably wasn't the best reference, since Joshua had already been poisoned by then. Now that he knew when and where he'd heard it, he could remember the melody, and yet... "Argh! I can't be sure that's how the second part goes! I know what I heard last night, but what if that isn't the right one? What if I'm wrong, Maya? What's the worst case scenario?" "Injury. Probably some form of psychological trauma. He might never wake up, lose memories or abilities, or become a totally different person," Maya answered quietly. "Depends on the size of the error." "Damn it... If only he hadn't gone and erased Shades..." "He's your Partner, Neku." She grabbed him by the shoulders and shook him emphatically with each word. "I keep telling you: have a little faith. Would he let you come this far if he didn't trust you?" "He wouldn't even tell me how to do this." The world's going to hell, and you're afraid of yourself." "Screw you. I'm n—" "Look, the way I see it, you have three options. Either erase him, let him erase us, or give it your best shot. As a heads up, if you choose to give up on yourself, I'm out of here because I didn't sign up for erasure when I agreed to help out in Shibuya." She crossed her arms and waited. Give up... on myself...? That's not... "Tick tock, dude. Time to make up your mind." Tightening his arms around Joshua, he did. Give up on yourself, and you give up on the world, right? I'll be damned if I let you say I never listen. He closed his eyes, picking up the strings of the other's Music. "Let's do this." "Sweet! Now, you're going to have to listen very carefully to his Music. Every time you find a sound that doesn't match what you remember, you need to... will it to change into the correct sound. Does that make any sense?" "Got it. What about the static?" "You press at it till it breaks." "Why, thank you, Princess Helpful." "Well, gee, I'm sorry there isn't a handbook for this. Fine." Suddenly, he felt her presence close by. "I'll follow along. Every time you run into the static, I'll break it for you. For everything else, you're on your own." He nodded. "Thanks." This time, he really was grateful. At the sound of footsteps, Uzuki leaped to her feet. "Who's there?!" The sound faded. "Show yourself!" Suddenly, she found herself knocked to the ground as something black and shiny zipped by overhead. Kariya was back on his feet in a flash and pulling her up with him. "You okay there, girl? Looks like work's shown up." Cold laughter resounded in the room as two women stepped into the light. "For Reapers, they aren't too shabby, Eliza. Or perhaps you're losing your touch?" the blonde asked, taunting. "Go on ahead, Mirabelle," replied the one with purple hair, arms crossed, refusing to take the bait. "I'll handle this." "Not so fast, sister." Kariya moved to intercept Mirabelle as she moved towards the door, but had to leap out of the way of an attack. It was a shadow. As he made to stop the blonde again, more showed up. "Ugh, so you're the one behind these things." Mirabelle had already run through the door, so he turned back to face the shadow master. She hadn't even moved from her spot. With her dark blue strapless mini dress, stiletto heels the colour of her hair and the frosty look on her pale face, she could have been a young Caucasian version of Konishi Mitsuki. Kariya didn't like the reminder. "Indeed, Reaper," she answered coolly, uncrossing her arms. "And I'm afraid I can't let you interrupt." Without waiting for a reply, Eliza and her shadow army charged. Neku thought it sounded right even if he had no way of knowing for sure. "I thi—" "What's your confidence level?" Maya interjected. "Uh... Eighty percent...?" he estimated as he checked it over one last time. There was a long pause before she said, sotto voce, "That's not even statistically acceptable." He tightened his arms around Joshua defensively. "I don't have any way to be more certain than this." Maya sighed. "Fine. He's your Partner, Neku. Do you or do you not believe?" Before he could even form his answer into words, she was finishing the job. "Maya!" "You said yes!" Just then, the Noise in his arms glowed brightly, and he had to shield his eyes with his arm. When the light dimmed, a young man lay in the unicorn's place, eyes closed as if sleeping and his silver hair in disarray. While taller and older, it was unmistakably Joshua, down to the slightly ruffled designer clothing. To be honest, Neku still wasn't sure he dared to hope. Things with Joshua had a way of going wrong. He looked away, crossing an arm over his chest. "We don't know that." His Partner smacked him. "OW!" He covered his sore shoulder with his hand. "What was that for?!" "Say it with me: have a little faith." Maya chuckled. "But that's what gives it value. Hm?" She tensed. "Someone's coming. I'll go check it out." As she quietly walked over to the door, the head in his lap stirred, and Neku sagged in relief when pale lilac eyes turned on him with recognition. "Neku...?" The Composer's lips languidly curved into a smirk. "Predictable." Joshua caught his fist, of course, but didn't stop Neku from throttling him. "PREDICTABLE?! SCREW YOU, JOSH! WHY DO YOU KEEP DOING THIS?! I'M NOT DOING IT, YOU ASS; NOT NOW, NOT EVER!" The other reached up to caress his cheek, soft fingertips brushing away tears he hadn't known were there, and laughed tiredly, still that infuriating devious chuckle. "So you're saying I can never retire? Tsk, and you say I'm selfish." Neku gripped the hand on his face tightly. "Well, you can bloody well find someone else to do your job that isn't me." Joshua turned away. "Silly Neku. Weren't you listening to anything I said?" He sighed softly. "I was hoping you wouldn't come. I'd never be able to live with myself if I let you get erased when I wasn't around to bring you back. Can't have Shibuya falling into the wrong hands, after all. But you only ever pay about one yoctogram of attention whenever it matters, so I suppose it's inevitable. Hee hee~ Fortunately, you did a bang-up job as usual, dear~" Suddenly, a huge explosion burst forth from the door, and Maya's scream cut off anything he might have said. The blast sent her flying towards them, and she landed on the floor with a sickening crack. "Angel..." "Scorpion... Run..." Then Joshua was taking her hand, and everything fell into blinding white. When he opened his eyes again, they were on Cat Street. Maya was lying unconscious on the ground, and a fiteen-year-old Joshua was doubled over in pain. The Composer waved his hands away and straightened. "We need to work on teaching you perfect pitch." "So now it's my fault you didn't teach me anything before this?" Neku retorted automatically before remembering the more pressing concern. "Maya!" He hurried over to her side and crouched. The singer's clothes were soaked in blood, and the position of her body was frightfully unnatural. "We have to help her, Josh. Isn't there anything you can do?" Before Joshua could respond, a soft pop sounded behind him, and they turned. "S—Sh—Sh—Shades?! A—Aren't you..." "Erased?" Kitaniji Megumi, looking just as Neku remembered, adjusted his sunglasses. "I was, but through the Composer's boundless love and compassion, I was allowed to Ascend to the Higher Planes. As part of Their unified Will, I now enforce their Laws on various jurisdictions. Sir." He bowed to Joshua. "I cannot thank You enough." Neku stared at the two former Partners and felt awful for every time he'd ever called Joshua heartless on the former Conductor's account. Of course Joshua wouldn't be sad; Shades wasn't even really gone! Even though he'd lost their bet, Joshua had given him exactly what he wanted, maintaining Shibuya and sending him to his ideal world, one in which everyone's consciousness was united in harmony. He hadn't even known. All this while, he'd been so wrong. I'm the worst... Josh, I'm sorry. I never knew. I never even asked. And all this time, I... "Hey! Boss?" Hanekoma Sanae ran up and skidded to a stop beside them, surprise written all over his face. "Hah, just as I've finally tracked down Megumi here, it turns out you don't need him after all. Yo Phones! Hm? What's this?" Joshua turned to Neku and smiled to show he'd heard before returning his attention to the older man. "Megumi, perfect timing. He indicated Maya. "Do what you can for her and get her to Chiyoda fast. The last thing I need is to make an enemy of Yohan." "As You wish, Sir." Megumi gently lifted Maya, and with a pop, they were gone in a flash of light. "Hm?" Joshua tilted his head. "Looks like we've got company, Neku." As he spoke, a distortion appeared in the space before them, and a tall woman with shoulder-length dark blond hair wearing a white peacoat and ankle boots over a teal suede catsuit materialized from it. Most likely the Angel that broke into the Room of Reckoning, that almost killed Maya. The thought made Neku angry, and he balled his hands into fists. She smirked coldly, cerulean eyes immediately focusing on Joshua. "Nowhere to run, Composer. Finally, I get to make you pay for my eye." Eye? What, she had a third one somewhere? Joshua rubbed his chin, searching the sky as if it held the answers he sought, before finally meeting her gaze. "Hee hee~ I suppose you do have me cornered. But what's this about an eye?" The woman's face darkened, and she snarled, "Audacious, Composer! You glanced my way and sent that pin straight at me! Now you dare feign ignorance?!" Pin? Neku thought of Yammer. "Wait, that was you?!" "Oh, so your little boyfriend remembers!" In a flash, she was right in front of Joshua, sneering. "My turn." Her hand darted out, but Mr. H caught it, having suddenly moved to Joshua's side as well. "Ah-ah-ah, sister," he sang. "Can't let you do that." "Keep your paws out of this, Fallen Angel," she snapped, swiping at him with her other hand as Joshua leaped back easily. The Producer deflected the blow. "My turf, my call, ya dig? M'afraid the only way to the boss is through me." The blond Angel only screamed in frustration as they vanished into the Noise plane, and Neku hoped that Mr. H would make her pay for what she did to Maya. "Ah, I was hoping I wouldn't have to make an appearance, but it doesn't look as if Eliza and Mirabelle will be in any condition to finish the job." No. Please. Just...no. Neku turned slowly at the sound of the soft voice he'd recognize anywhere to see a young boy with wavy black hair and bright green eyes behind rectangular spectacles walking towards them with his hands behind his back. It couldn't be, but it was, in a white long-sleeved dress shirt with a black fitted vest over it and matching black knee-length pants over long white socks and black oxfords. A cravat the colour of his eyes gave the look a splash of colour. He smiled wistfully. "It's been a long time, Neku, hasn't it?" he asked, coming to a stop just a few steps away. Below, the street seemed to give way. "What's this? You have Angel friends too, dear? I certainly underestimated how much you get around." Joshua's teasing voice seemed to come from very far away. "E—Enishi...?" was all Neku could manage, and it came out in a hoarse whisper. Too much. This was just too much. His heart may well have stopped for how frozen it felt in his chest. "Enishi?" Joshua echoed. "Ah, so you're the one he's still hung up on." Enishi turned to the Composer, still smiling. "Kiryuu Yoshiya, was it not? Shibuya's longest reigning Composer." He held out a hand in greeting. "Cyril Enishi Benoit. Perhaps you remember me? I certainly haven't forgotten you." Joshua chuckled, shaking the offered hand briefly before returning his hands to his pockets. "Now that I'm looking at you, why yes, I do recall our last meeting! It was one of my most enjoyable Games. The youngest Player ever to erase a Game Master, and Sayuri was one of our best. You even managed to get your Partner to cooperate. Most exceptional, I must say. Neku sure knows how to pick them!" Cyril nodded. "Excellent. That simplifies things. As for Sho and I, we simply shared relevant interests." Sho? The Grim Heaper? Partner? It didn't— He couldn't— He clutched his head in his hands. "Aww, you spoiled him! I think he still misses you~" Joshua sang cheerfully. At that, the Angel laughed. "I'm afraid I prefer not being reduced to a math theorem. Speaking of which, how is he?" "Inactive. He was going to pull a number on Neku here at a most inopportune time for me." Joshua's fingers ran through orange locks as he spoke. "Couldn't have him spoiling our climax, could we, dear?" That broke the stupor. "WHY?!" Neku grabbed his best friend's wrist from where he had fallen to his knees on the floor. The other didn't resist. "Enishi, why?! Why are you doing this?! Why now?!" His fringe hid his face, but his tears fell freely to the asphalt. Four years. Four years of guilt, of thinking his best friend was gone forever because of him, because he'd wanted to show him the mural he'd discovered in Udagawa, and now... THIS. "Why, goddammit?!" "You'll have to forgive my dear, dear Partner," Joshua murmured from beside him, a hand squeezing his shoulder in an attempt to comfort. "This is turning into Judgement Day for him, I'm afraid." "And you are as unsympathetic as always, Yoshiya," Enishi snapped, kneeling to wrap his arms around Neku. "I'm sorry we had to meet again like this, Neku. I'd hoped to avoid this... for your sake." Neku could only bury his face in the other's shoulder. "Answer me, Enishi. All these years spent wishing that he hadn't asked his best friend to meet him that day, that Enishi would come back, somehow, and tell him it was okay, that it wasn't his fault, that they were still friends. And here he was, in the flesh, trying to kill Joshua. Enishi had been his only real friend at school, and when he'd died, he'd taken Neku's world with him. Neku had always been a loner; it never mattered whether or not he'd had friends. It seemed silly how everyone around him would make and break their friendships on a whim. But Enishi... Enishi got him. On a level he didn't think anyone would again until Joshua came along. It... It shouldn't have to come down to this. Why... Why, why, WHYYYYYY?! The Angel sighed. "Do you know what it's like Upstairs? Stagnant. All that talent, all that creativity They hone in people here, gone, wasted. You go there, Ascend as They so sweetly call it, expecting to stretch the limits of your Imagination, and instead of boundless inspiration, you lose everything. Everything! Your own thoughts, your own will, your own self. Every thought, every choice, every action... even if you are doing it of your own volition, you can't be sure it wasn't merely implanted in you as long you're connected to the hive mind, that you aren't simply a puppet of that being at the centre of it all." Enishi tightened his embrace as he looked up to face the Composer. "Isn't that right, Yoshiya? And you knew," he continued bitterly. "That's why you've held on to your throne all these decades and refused to Ascend. How he too broke his connection when he returned here? How seeing the unique individuality of Shibuya once more awakened Sanae to the realization that he was but a shade of his former self without the ability to expand his horizons through clashing with others? Isn't that why he keeps telling people to do as much of that as possible while they're here, going so far as to use command codes? Heh, you knew, and still you let the best and the brightest go there." "I don't see how this is my fault," Joshua replied coolly. "I gave every winner the same three choices. You're the one who chose Ascension. And it can be fabulous... sometimes. Right, Megumi?" With a pop, the former Conductor appeared in a flash of light before Joshua. "I have returned, Sir. The girl is safe." "You did well, Megumi, as always." "Thank You, Sir. As for you, traitor," Shades said, turning to the other Angel. "We have been looking for you. This is the eighth city you have attacked. For your crimes, I owe you only destruction!" Enishi didn't move. "So you see, Neku, I really was gone, you know. For a time, I wasn't even myself. It was worse than death, worse even than erasure. And he sent me there. YOU sent me there." "I'm sorry..." Neku whispered, feeling the strength drain from his body. It wasn't okay. Of course it wasn't okay. "I'm so sorry, Enishi. If only I hadn't..." "My, my..." Joshua interrupted. "You seem like such a pro at this guilt-tripping thing, even I feel a teensy bit bad... for Neku. But since you've piqued my interest with all this talk of the Higher Planes, pray tell how we fit in." "Do you like New York, Yoshiya?" Enishi asked, smiling. "I have Them to thank for sending me there as Producer. That was where I felt it, what I was missing through the unification of minds. I saw that instead of learning from our differences, we were homogenizing to the strongest will, retaining little of our former selves and losing our ability to progress. That is when I understood — there is only one way to bring all of creation to the next level: I'm going to break the hive mind." "Exciting!" Joshua enthused. Distantly, Neku thought he shouldn't sound so cheery, shouldn't encourage this madness that had gripped Enishi. "And to do that, you need power, lots of it, so you're gathering it from the cities, hmm?" "Well done. You are as sharp as they come, Yoshiya," Cyril murmured appreciatively, rising to his feet and pulling Neku up with him to stand between him and the other two. "I see now why Jude always spoke so highly of you." Joshua stiffened. "Jude? Jude Ascott?" Neku couldn't choke back his sob. No. NO, NO, NO... "The same. And I see you've already realized, sharp as you are, but I may as well make it obvious. Yes, New York was the first city I took. And I couldn't bear to send a friend to the hell I'd only just escaped from, so I did the only other thing I could: I erased him." "E—Erased...?" Neku gasped, barely audible. He could barely even breathe. This... This wasn't— His best friend had always been so kind. "How could you?" he choked out. Enishi would never— He'd never just... erase a friend in cold blood! "What happened to you, Enishi? You never used to be like this!" Cyril's smile turned sad as he spun his old friend around to wrap his arms around Neku from behind. "Do you remember the Game, Neku? I'm sure you can't forget. You played thrice, after all." He tightened his embrace and stepped back, pulling Neku with him. "See, that's where I learned: sometimes, you just have to do what is necessary; sometimes, there are no easy choices. If it's either me or the other guy, I have to defend myself, don't I? And between a living hell and oblivion, I know which one I'd choose, so I gave dear Jude the same." Too numb to do anything but let Enishi drag him along with surprising strength, Neku barely registered Joshua and Shades following them, taking a step forward for every step they took backward. Madness. This was madness. "I will not let these streets I know and love fall into your tainted hands, Cyril," Megumi warned, poised to attack. "Now, now," Cyril replied, an iridescent knife materializing in his hand to press to Neku's ribs. "No need to get so hostile. You do know what this does?" He continued to back away down Cat Street, dragging an unresisting Neku with him. "See, I've been observing you, Yoshiya, and I am certain you wouldn't want his Soul completely dispersed to the ether." "Don't be silly," the Composer chided derisively, but the uncertainty in his voice made Neku look up, look at him, at the hand he held out to restrain Megumi. Neku had never heard Joshua sound so unsure. "He's been your friend longer than I've known him." Behind him, he felt Enishi nod, his voice incredibly sad when he spoke. "Yes... I never wanted to hurt you, Neku, to get you involved. I never expected— Well, I suppose it's all moot now, is it not? You should have stayed away." "You're a monster," Neku whispered. This was wrong. This was all wrong. "Is that an endearment, dear?" Joshua teased, but his usual playfulness was strained. "I remember you calling me that a lot too." Neku didn't answer. This was all WRONG, and there was nothing he could do about it. It was all his fault. Enishi buried his face in his shoulder. "That's a horrid thing to call something you created, Neku," he whispered hoarsely. "I missed you, you know... We could have been so much together. At least, that's what I thought. But I saw you during my Game. You were better without me, Neku. You worked so much harder, drew more, were so much more creative. That was when you won your first art contest, was it not? That's why I chose not to come back." W—What. The. HELL?! "G—Goddammit, Enishi!" Neku yelled, voice breaking as he wiped at his tears. "I— Do you know how hard it was for me?! All I could think about was how I'd killed you. I couldn't eat, couldn't sleep, could barely even function! I felt like crap, knowing it should have been me, but unable to even wish it had been because I was... I was afraid to die! I threw myself into the only thing I knew to take my mind off it, to keep from THINKING, damn it!" "Then help me," Enishi pleaded softly without missing a beat as they kept moving. "Help me help the worlds. Tell him to cede his throne." At that, Shades pointed a condescending finger at them, angrily declaring, "Egotists like you are not fit to judge the will of the Higher Planes! Breaking the hive mind would only unleash chaos upon the worlds. Even after sharing in Our collective wisdom, here you are staging childish rebellion." He turned to Joshua. "Composer, Sir. He is merely biding time. You cannot allow him to cross into Omotesando. We must stop him. No matter the cost." A sigh. "Busted, I suppose." The sly smile was audible in Enishi's velvety voice. "Not that Yoshiya didn't know from the start. To be honest, I'm quite impressed. Tell me, how is it that people call you the most ruthless Composer in Japan?" "They don't know Yohan well enough," Joshua answered, expression unreadable as he continued to follow them, lilac eyes still trained on Neku. There was a long pause, and then, expectantly, "Well, Neku?" Neku met that carefully blank gaze and wanted to run. Joshua couldn't afford to cede his throne; it was either Ascension or erasure for that. Enishi was beyond reason. They had to do something before they reached Omotesando (that was in Minato, out of Joshua's jurisdiction), but instead of attacking, Joshua was giving him a choice. Just like on the roof of Pork City mere days ago, looking prepared for any answer. "I can't," he said desperately, shaking his head. "I can't." How could he? Once he chose, there would be no going back. But they had to do SOMETHING. Worlds were at stake. He turned to Shades. "No matter the cost, right?" he reminded sadly. The older man's mouth set into a grim line. "Time be still!" The next thing Neku knew, the laser was searing through him.

Hardrock Scott Brockmeir was the leading VHTRC finisher at the Hardrock 100 in Silverton, Colorado. Other VHTRC finishers included Jack Kurisky, Mike Bur, and Robert Andrulis. Leonard Martin finished, but over the time limit by two minutes. We are not sure how they are counting that, but it is an impressive achievement regardless. Live Hardrock Reports Submitted by Anstr Davidson on July 9, 2010 - 11:13am

Nov. 27, 2006 Garden City, N.Y. - 2003 Adelphi University graduate and three-time All-East Coast Conference performer Dave Harvey is going to run the ING Georgia Marathon on March 25. 2007. What makes this even more special is Harvey is running the Georgia Marathon, which will be his first, as part of Team in Training (TNT) and raising money to benefit the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Over the past two and a half years, Dave has been living in Atlanta, Georgia and working for CNN, where he was recently promoted to Network Editor. He has also kept busy by competing in triathlons, completing three last summer and he also finished the Atlanta MS 150. The Atlanta MS 150 is a 150-mile bike tour of Pine Mountain, Georgia and benefits the Multiple Sclerosis society. Dave raised $300 for the Georgia chapter of the Multiple Sclerosis society in honor of a friend and coworker who was recently diagnosed with MS. He will be running the Georgia Marathon and raising money in honor of Rebecca McCain, who was diagnosed with Hodgkin's Lymphoma in June of 2005. Dave's goal is to raise over $2,000 and to break the three-hour mark. If you would like to support Dave and his cause please visit his team in training website at. Adelphi Athletics Cross Country

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: High cpu usage of communicator username_0: To better tune my application, I set name for every threads by calling _pthread\_setname\_np_ API in linux. I found that high cpu usage for Multiverso's Communicator(subclass of Actor) thread. Here is a snapshot provided by htop.  I notice some code in src/communicator.cpp. According to this code, communicator always call non-blocking send and receive. I think this is the result of high cpu usage. ```case NetThreadLevel::THREAD_SERIALIZED: { MessagePtr msg; while (mailbox_->Alive()) { // Try pop and Send if (mailbox_->TryPop(msg)) { ProcessMessage(msg); } // Probe and Recv size_t size = net_util_->Recv(&msg); if (size > 0) LocalForward(msg); CHECK(msg.get() == nullptr); net_util_->Send(msg); } break; } ``` This "spin lock" design is great. But most applications won't call send/recv thousand or millions times in a second, which means a cpu computation resource is wasted. Why not sleep communicator for a little while when no send/recv calls? <issue_comment>username_1: Communicator only uses one thread. Usually it's not a big overhead for a multi-cores machine. But you could add Sleep in the code for your usage.<issue_closed> <issue_comment>username_0: It's pretty reasonable. I think my problem is solved.

*monticellofiletree-core writeCypressJsonOn: aStream forHtml: forHtml indent: startIndent "by default ignore <forHtml> ... <forHtml> is used for Dictionary and Array, i.e., container objects and String which actually encodes itself differently for HTML" | indent | aStream nextPutAll: '['; lf. indent := startIndent + 1. 1 to: self size do: [ :index | | item | item := self at: index. aStream tab: indent. item writeCypressJsonOn: aStream forHtml: forHtml indent: indent. index < self size ifTrue: [ aStream nextPutAll: ','; lf ] ]. self size = 0 ifTrue: [ aStream tab: indent ]. aStream nextPutAll: ' ]'

Multi-Level Canadian Spelling Program Grade 4-6 - Author : Scott, Barb/Turville, Joni Improve Spelling and Editing Skills Includes lists of the most commonly used words in children's writing. 26-word lists for primary students and 27-word lists for junior students. Students are at increasingly diverse spelling abilities within every classroom. The ability to meet these needs is challenging but easy to do with these teacher-tested and created activities. The words are sequenced, and alike words are together for each unit. For example, we've started with short vowel words, so the lists for short a contain five different lists from easiest to hardest. Blank line masters enable both primary and junior writers to create their spelling dictionary.

| Careers | This WOW goes to Kevin Pierce, an Inside Sales Account Manager in Seattle. Following a reassessment of our local sales coverage to ultimately serve our customers better, Kevin was asked to hand off a customer account to a colleague. To ensure the transition went smoothly for both customer and co-worker, Kevin committed to both of them to bring the new account manager up to speed and serve as a resource as long as needed. Kevin also reassured the customer of the new rep’s ability to carry the torch. The customer was grateful of Kevin's dedication to their business, and made a point of telling him how much they had appreciated working with him and looked forward to working with the new rep. Thank you, Kevin, for turning what could have been a customer concern into a seamless and positive customer experience!

Watercolor Stuff To Color Eugene Easy Fun And Print |Include In Article| Stuff To Color And Print |Published Date||Friday , February 21st 2020| Coloring. Friday , February 21st 2020. Quote from Stuff To Color And Print : Coloring environments for animals. The kids in your class are probably used to coloring animals but they might not be used to coloring the environments in which animals live. If you want to teach the kids something about animal habitats this is a great exercise. Split the class up into groups and have each group color a large panorama of a landscape. Place different landscapes and habitats in different parts of the room. Provide pictures to the students so that they have a general idea of the appropriate colors. Then cut out the animals the children have been drawing and attach them to the habitats. The finished product is an attractive image of a wildlife scene that can teach the children a great deal about their favorite animals. It will also help to teach them the importance of preserving habitat. It is okay to have styling products already in your hair because the color will process anyway. In fact, I use hair spray to help control it when I’m highlighting with foils. It is okay to get the tangles out of your hair with a comb beforehand; but don’t stimulate your scalp too much. Never use a brush. Mix a tiny amount of color and developer together and follow the manufacturers instructions on allergy testing. That’s what coloring pages and coloring books do for kids. They bring the imagination to life. They entertain kids bringing out creative and artistic talents. Yet coloring book pages can also educate kids, teaching them through various themes and concepts. Coloring book pages for kids are a classic, wonderful activity that they can enjoy endlessly. It’s always wise to follow the manufacturers directions, but don’t always assume that your hair needs to process for the full amount of time written on the box. People with gray or resistant hair need the full amount of time to process. Any content, trademark/s, or other material that might be found on this site that is not this site property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does LocalHost claim ownership or responsibility for such items and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.

class Order < ApplicationRecord belongs_to :organization belongs_to :organization_unscoped, -> { unscope(where: :deleted_at) }, class_name: "Organization", foreign_key: :organization_id belongs_to :user has_many :order_details, autosave: true has_many :order_program_details, autosave: true has_many :items, through: :order_details has_many :tracking_details include OrderStatus def self.by_status_includes_extras(statuses, include_tables = %i[organization order_details tracking_details]) statuses = [statuses].flatten.map { |s| Order.statuses[s] } includes(*include_tables).where(status: statuses) end def unscoped_organization @unscoped_organization ||= Organization.unscoped { organization } end def add_tracking_details(params) params[:order][:tracking_details][:tracking_number].each_with_index do |tracking_number, index| shipping_carrier = params[:order][:tracking_details][:shipping_carrier][index] tracking_details.build( date: Time.zone.now, tracking_number: tracking_number, shipping_carrier: shipping_carrier.to_i ) end end def sync_status_available? external_id.present? end def synced? external_id.present? && !NetSuiteIntegration.export_failed?(self) end def formatted_order_date order_date.strftime("%-m/%-d/%Y") if order_date.present? end def submitted? !select_items? && !select_ship_to? && !confirm_order? end def open? !(closed? || rejected? || canceled?) end def order_uneditable? filled? || shipped? || received? || closed? || rejected? || canceled? end def ship_to_addresses organization.addresses.map(&:address) end def ship_to_names [user.name.to_s, "#{organization.name} c/o #{user.name}"] end def organization_ship_to_names organization.users.map do |user| [user.name.to_s, "#{organization.name} c/o #{user.name}"] end.flatten end def to_json { id: id, status: status, order_details: order_details.sort_by(&:id).map(&:to_json), in_requested_status: in_requested_status? }.to_json end def self.to_json includes(:order_details).order(:id).all.map(&:to_json).to_json end def value order_details.map(&:total_value).sum end def item_count order_details.map(&:quantity).sum end def create_values_for_programs transaction do program_values = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = 0.0 } order_details.each do |detail| ratios = detail.item.program_ratio_split_for(organization_unscoped.programs) ratios.each do |program, ratio| program_values[program] += detail.total_value * ratio end end program_values.each do |program, value| order_program_details.create!(program: program, value: value) end end end def value_by_program order_program_details.all.each_with_object({}) do |detail, result| result[detail.program] = detail.value result end end end

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: feature request: property aware normalization username_0: It would be really useful to have a way to normalize values for properties. This would include doing unit conversions, string case conversion, and whitespace normalization in such a way that two values that are always equivalent in the browser are the same string value. This would probably precipitate a property aware value ast and stringifier. <issue_comment>username_1: As noted in the original opticss issue, postcss-colormin, or really just [colormin](https://github.com/ben-eb/colormin), already handles this for the `color` property. While normalizing all values would be great, `color` is a particularly useful property to normalize with it's many different ways of defining the same thing.

By Mrs Nikki Grauman, Head of Academic Care, Junior School Recently, both the Junior and Seniors School students at Masada College participated in a range of activities to promote National Reconciliation week. The key idea of this week is to bring together the relationship between the broader Australian community and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. As a school, Reconciliation Week resonates with us as we encourage our students to work together, to synergise and reconcile our differences when they arise and to do so with respect and sincerity. In my role as Head of Academic Care, I often deal with students who need to work with one another to reconcile a difference of opinion or belief or to rectify a situation in order to move forward. This got me thinking about what it takes to make a sincere apology and about the process involved when we work together to try and repair a situation. In my research I came upon this explanation of an apology: An apology is a statement that has two key elements – it shows your remorse over your actions and it acknowledges the hurt that your actions have caused to someone else. Whilst an apology appears like a simple way of making amends and we know that it is an effective way to restore trust and balance in a relationship, many of us nonetheless find it a difficult thing to do. These are the four key steps in making an apology: 1. Express remorse, 2. Admit responsibility, 3. Make amends and 4. Take steps to ensure you do not find yourself in the same situation again. What we need to realise is that an apology is a means of opening dialogue between the two parties. When we are willing to admit our mistake, the other person is given the opportunity to start to rebuild their trust and re-establish their relationship with you. It also gives you a chance to discuss what is and isn’t acceptable. Offering a sincere apology is a means to begin a healing process for those you hurt. However, we need to also remember that we too benefit when we make an apology as we assume responsibility for our actions. This allows us to build up our self-confidence, self-respect and reputation. When we fail to apologise we build animosity and tension and this can create a toxic environment. I found this quote I will leave you with: “You can grow flowers where dirt used to be.” Teach your children, as we try to teach our students, the art of making a sincere apology when we have hurt someone – You never know what can come out of this act of working together with courage, hand in hand.

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: 商洛市山阳县哪里有真实大保健(找特色服务u username_0: 商洛市山阳县哪里有真实大保健(找特色服务【威信IO77I9O9美女】美女商洛市山阳县哪里有真实大保健(找特色服务〖╋V:⒈O⒎⒎乄⒈⒐O⒐】月日，演员张馨比在绿洲发布自己“圣诞节礼物造型”质感大片，并配文：“礼物已打包，请签收。”三组照片中，张馨比分别呈现高难度肢体照、人像照和圣诞包裹照，将圣诞节的主题元素融合，一颦一笑好似在讲一个圣诞的故事，既高级又有质感。网友热烈回应道：圣诞魔性馨比礼包来啦；最喜欢的圣诞礼物；别具一格的大片。链蛋懈在踪勘方卣焦飞谧环毡济惺https://github.com/trailofbits/monitoring_linux_events/issues/5487?ikHM1 <br />https://github.com/trailofbits/monitoring_linux_events/issues/2165?kbwax <br />https://github.com/trailofbits/monitoring_linux_events/issues/14381?YG8ji <br />https://github.com/trailofbits/monitoring_linux_events/issues/13001?41LeP <br />https://github.com/trailofbits/monitoring_linux_events/issues/10673?hviyu <br />

Tokenisation is a system that replaces sensitive data with unique identification symbols that store the same information in a safer way. The Payment Card Industry (PCI) Council , a global organisation overseeing payments security, defines tokenisation as "a process by which the primary account number (PAN) is replaced with a surrogate value called a token. De-tokensation is the reverse process of redeeming a token for its associated PAN value." The PCI now requires merchants to fully secure payment data. Previously it could be stored by the merchant and used for marketing strategies. Tokenisation helps organisations to keep financial transaction data safe whilst still adhering to government and industry compliance requirements in a cost effective way. The way tokenisation works Unlike encryption, tokenisation does not rely on a mathematical algorithm to turn the data into a token. Instead it puts the data into a secure database where it is encrypted, providing a token to be used. An index links the data to the token and the index can only give out the original data if the token is presented to it. For instance, with Apple Pay, the user is identified using a fingerprint scan, the app then sends the card token and a cryptogram to the merchant’s terminal and onto the card network. The network authorises the token and the cryptogram and sends them to the bank that issued the payment card. The bank then decrypts the token, checks its authenticity, links it to your account number and finally authorises the transaction. The merchant then receives payment and the buyer’s account is debited. Tokenisation hides or replaces data so there is no data to breach. When you make an online purchase, the system transforms your card number into a random number which is then used for the transaction in the same way that the card number would be. Benefits of tokenisation The company converts credit card numbers into unique tokens and safely stores the data. The tokens give no information that can be used outside of the specific transaction. The data is meaningless to someone who gets access to it who shouldn’t. Tokenisation provides a cost effective way to comply with financial regulations and makes it difficult for cybercriminals to get cardholders data as it’s stored in secure databases and not freely exchanged over networks. Rob Macmillan, VP Marketing, Digital Payments at Proxama said in an October 2015 interview with PYMNTS.com, “If we look at the evolution of the international payment schemes, most recently with EMV standardization across the world, it is evident that standardization is needed to achieve interoperability and ensure that systems talk to each other.” Tokens are generated using methods that only allow the process to be reversed with the permission of the owners. Systems should be secured using data protection best practice to ensure that there is no way for the tokens to be reversed back to live data except by the owners. A token cannot be turned back into the real data if the token is stolen. A thief would have to access the secure token vault, protected by further encryption, to access the real data. Apple Pay, Samsung Pay and Android Pay use a form of tokenisation. The use of tokenisation is rising, partly as a result of high profile security breaches. The fact that Apple and other major brands are using it will also help its use rise. Recently American Express announced that tokens can be used in the US for online transactions. Visa and Mastercard also have plans afoot which suggests tokenisation use will increase in the industry. Primarily, tokenisation has been used for card-not-present transactions, to improve security for online payment systems because the actual card number is not being put through the payment system. Rob Macmillan concludes: “There is clearly a need for tokenisation as a general mechanism for protecting cardholder data. The security breaches that have happened in the past illustrate how important this is. “It’s no surprise, given the evolution of our industry, that things will continue to change; but now is definitely the time to get on board with tokenisation.” This article represents the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of BPAY. Published by BPAY Pty Ltd. BPAY is offered by over 150 Financial Institutions. Contact your Financial Institution to see if it offers BPAY and to get the terms and conditions. This is general advice – before using BPAY please review the terms and conditions and consider whether BPAY is appropriate for your personal circumstances.

Dawn was finishing up a report when the buzzer sounded. She toggled programmes on her desktop, calling up the video feed from the lobby, but she didn't recognise the man on the monitor. Rachel looked up from her work and shook her head. "We don't have any appointments scheduled either." "Better see who he is then. Keep an ear open." Dawn straightened her skirt before opening the door. The man turned at her entrance and Dawn gave him a professional once over. He was tall, dark and handsome in a way that the patients of Hollywood plastic surgeons could only dream of. He was dressed in a Zegna suit that she was fairly certain didn't come off the peg and had a haircut that would cost more than most people were paid in a week. There was also something about him that set her teeth on edge. Many thanks to the luscious moonbeamsfanfic for volunteering as beta, any leftover weirdness is all my fault.

where is the bright future for us? I wonder where did the white dove gone! Born on October 19th, 1994, Monsif is on his second year at the University of sidi Mohammed Ben Adlallah,Taza city, Morocco. He still lives with his family. He is a young fellow with BIG vision of sharing Love and Peace in the World. He feels that humanity and all creatures have the right to live peacefully and be treated with compassion, respect and love which are visible in his writings. Winner of the Inspirational Poet Award Pentasi B. World Friendship Poetry, AfrIca, Ghana, 2016. Member of the selected group Pentasi B. World Friendship Poetry, founded by the Father of Visual Poetry: Dr. Penpen B. Takipsilim. His poems have been published in different International anthologies around the world; read them on radio programs at Canada, Chicago, Argentina, Morocco and Mexico. His poems have been translated into: Spanish, Arabic and French.

<filename>admin/src/main/ts/src/app/admc/apps/roles/application-roles/resolvers/actions.resolver.ts import {Injectable} from '@angular/core'; import {ActivatedRouteSnapshot, Resolve} from '@angular/router'; import { SpinnerService } from 'ngx-ode-ui'; import { NotifyService } from 'src/app/core/services/notify.service'; import { routing } from 'src/app/core/services/routing.service'; import { ApplicationModel } from 'src/app/core/store/models/application.model'; import { RoleActionModel } from 'src/app/core/store/models/role.model'; import { g_appStore } from '../../../admc-apps.store'; import { AdmcAppsRolesService } from '../../admc-apps-roles.service'; @Injectable() export class ActionsResolver implements Resolve<Array<RoleActionModel> | boolean> { constructor( private spinner: SpinnerService, private ns: NotifyService, private roleSvc:AdmcAppsRolesService ) { } resolve(route: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): Promise<Array<RoleActionModel> | boolean> { const app:ApplicationModel = g_appStore.applications.data.find( s => s.id === routing.getParam(route, 'appId')); if (app) { return this.spinner.perform('portal-content', this.roleSvc.getApps() .then( apps => apps.find(ar=>ar.id===app.id) ) .then( appTemplate => appTemplate.actions ) .catch(error => { this.ns.error('user.root.error.text', 'user.root.error', error); return false; })); } else { return Promise.resolve(false); } } }

Pregnant women and foetal well-being are compromised by malaria due to downregulation of normal maternal immune response during pregnancy. Consequently cell mediated immunity (Th1) is suppressed and as a result, the ... The microbial larvicides Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis have recently proven to be effective tools for integrated mosquito control programmes in Africa. This study assessed the efficacy and duration of ... The general objective of this study was to determine the role of background music, mood, personality, work behaviour and performance of tailoring workers at the EPZ in Athi River, Kenya. The specific objectives were to ... Background: Morbidity and mortality from malaria remains high, even with appropriate treatment. Complicating pathologies may contribute to this state. There is laboratory evidence of altered immune function at different ... The increased use of herbal medicines has come with challenges of safety, quality and efficient utilization. This study assessed the safety of the herbal medicines with regards to microbial contamination, aflatoxins and ... BACKGROUND: Hospital operating theatre equipment and the environment air may harbour bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and fungal spores. Susceptible patients undergoing surgery in such an environment may develop post-operative ... Indigenous chickens are mostly raised free-range, where they scavenge around, picking their food from the environment with little or no supplementation. During periods of heavy rains, the flooding water carries different ... A prospective study on the bacterial colonization profile of the respiratory tract was carried out on fifty-six (56) patients admitted to the Kenyatta National Hospital, Intensive- Care unit, and intubated for at least ... Study Type: Retrospective cross - sectional study that involved the review of laboratory reports on stool culture of adults at KNH microbiology laboratory from ~ﾷI;t January 2005 to 31 st December 2009 Objectives: To ... This is a prospective study of forty children in sickle cell crisis with suspected bacterial infections seen at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. Eighteen of these children were found bacteriologically positive ... The pattern of neonatal bacterial infections in the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH nursery was analysed over a three month period with a view of finding out the causative organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. ... Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of nosocomial infections encountered in the inpatient settings including intensive care unit (ICU). Amongst patients ix admitted to ICU, studies have revealed ... Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is defined as an imbalance in the normal vaginal flora with a reduced level of the usual predominant lactobacilli and the proliferation of various anaerobic bacteria. 79 BV is associated with ... This study aimed at determining the microbiological safety of kale (Brassica oleracea Acephala), a green leafy vegetable produced and sold in Nairobi. The assessment was carried out on kale and water (used for irrigation ... Introduction: Access to safe drinking water is an important basic need. A large proportion of people in developing countries lack access to safe drinking water. This has resulted in high morbidity and mortality due to ... Bacterial growth was obtained from 114 neonates from all the paediatric units of the Kenyatta National Hospital (K. N. H. ) where neonates are admitted and managed during the period January to December, 1980. The ... Thirty samples of unheated expressed breast milk (EBM) from 30 lactating mothers, and twelve samples of unboiled Kenya Co-operatives Creameries (KCC) milk, both stored at room temperature (RT) and in the refrigerator ... The 1990s passed as a decade in which commercial banks in Kenya experienced highs and lows in terms of profitability and asset quality. While other sectors suffered major losses due to the economic recession, the banks ...

Registration is opening soon for weekly, overnight summer camp programs emphasizing outdoor skills or children ages 8-17 at Barry Conservation Camp in Berlin, New Hampshire. The camp is operated by the University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension 4-H in partnership with the state Fish and Game Department. The sessions run from June 19 through Aug. 10 and focus on 4-H shooting sports, fishing, hunter education, becoming a junior conservation officer, and other topics. Registration opens at midnight on Feb. 17.

From the air, scientists map ‘fast paths’ for recharging California’s groundwater table Climate change has transformed precipitation systems across the American West in recent decades, making some places less likely to find enough water to grow crops or water wildlife. Scientists are now mapping the potential for California to build on its water resources by tapping into subterranean aquifers that hold as much as 100 billion gallons of water, though it takes decades of pumping to recharge the aquifers and bring them above ground. The scientists, led by Stephen Holbrook, a geologist at the University of California at Riverside, focused on the California Channel Islands, a cluster of seven islands and three smaller islets that lie about 700 nautical miles (1,260 miles) west of mainland California. Using radar sounding from the University of California at Irvine, they identified groundwater flow pathways that could be used as a source of fresh water. To map the underground rivers, the researchers mapped the surface layers of soil in each location, so that they could figure out how much water would flow through specific underground pathways. They then drilled wells on each island to sample the water and to calculate when it could be produced aboveground. “We went through a number of experiments to figure out how the water was coming down to the ground, and how long it was going to stay there,” Holbrook said. “How long water stays in the ground isn’t actually the important thing. What matters are the pathways through which the groundwater is flowing. We found, for instance, that the groundwater on Midway is likely to flow through a number of different pathways – maybe a few dozen pathways.” The scientists also drilled wells near the channel islands, which have been dry for more than a century. On Midway, they found that a water supply that flowed for about 1.5 meters (5 feet) a year could recharge the aquifer from less than 1.5 meters (5 feet) of precipitation, Holbrook said. If precipitation fell at a rate

Roscoe Pound, 1908 roscoe pound followed in Oliver Wendell Holmes's footsteps. In "Mechanical Jurisprudence" (1908), Pound coined the term mechanical jurisprudence to refer to the common but odious practice whereby judges woodenly applied previous precedents to the facts of cases without regard to the consequences. For Pound, the logic of previous precedents alone would not solve jurisprudential problems. The essay decries the ossification of legal concepts into self-evident truths. In opposition to mechanical jurisprudence, Pound offered his theory of sociological jurisprudence. He acknowledged that the common law contains some constant principles, particularly in regard to methods. He gave these principles the name "taught legal tradition." Pound believed that the implementation of this taught legal tradition by wise common-law judges resulted in substantive change, which reflected changes in society. As the interpreters of the common law, judges had a special duty to consider the practical effects of their decisions and to strive to ensure that they facilitated rather than hindered societal growth. Source: Reprinted from 8 Columbia Law Review 605. "There is no way," says Sir Frederick Pollock, "by which modern law can escape from the scientific and artificial character imposed on it by the demand of modern societies for full, equal, and exact justice:" An Australian judge has stated the same proposition in these words: "The public is more interested than it knows in maintaining the highest scientific standard in the administration of justice." Every lawyer feels this, and every thoughtful student of institutions must admit it. But what do we mean by the word "scientific" in this connection? What is scientific law? What constitutes science in the administration of justice? Sir Frederick Pollock gives us the clue when he defines the reasons that compel law to take on this scientific character as three: the demand for full justice, that is for solutions that go to the root of controversies; the demand for equal justice, that is a like adjustment of like relations under like conditions; and the demand for exact justice, that is for a justice whose operations, within reasonable limits, may be predicted in advance of action. In other words, the marks of a scientific law are, conformity to reason, uniformity, and certainty. Scientific law is a reasoned body of principles for the administration of justice, and its antithesis is a system of enforcing magisterial caprice, however honest, and however much disguised under the name of justice or equity or natural law. But this scientific character of law is a means—a means toward the end of law, which is the administration of justice. Law is forced to take on this character in order to accomplish its end fully, equally, and exactly; and in so far as it fails to perform its function fully, equally, and exactly, it fails in the end for which it exists. Law is scientific in order to eliminate so far as may be the personal equation in judicial administration, to preclude corruption and to limit the dangerous possibilities of magisterial ignorance. Law is not scientific for the sake of science. Being scientific as a means toward an end, it must be judged by the results it achieves, not by the niceties of its internal structure; it must be valued by the extent to which it meets its end, not by the beauty of its logical processes or the strictness with which its rules proceed from the dogmas it takes for its foundation. Two dangers have to be guarded against in a scientific legal system, one of them in the direction of the effect of its scientific and artificial character upon the public, the other in the direction of its effect upon the courts and the legal profession. With respect to the first danger, it is well to remember that law must not become too scientific for the people to appreciate its workings. Law has the practical function of adjusting everyday relations so as to meet current ideas of fair play. It must not become so completely artificial that the public is led to regard it as wholly arbitrary. No institution can stand upon such a basis today. Reverence for institutions of the past will not preserve, of itself, an institution that touches everyday life as profoundly as does the law. Legal theory can no more stand as a sacred tradition in the modern world than can political theory. It has been one of the great merits of English law that its votaries have always borne this in mind. When Lord Esher said, "the law of England is not a science," he meant to protest against a pseudo-science of technical rules existing for their own sake and subserving supposed ends of science, while defeating justice. And it is the importance of the role of jurors in tempering the administration of justice with common-sense and preserving a due connection of the rules governing everyday relations with everyday needs of ordinary men that has atoned for the manifold and conspicuous defects of trial by jury and is keeping it alive. In Germany today one of the problems of law reform is how to achieve a similar tempering of the justice administered by highly trained specialists. In the other direction, the effect of a scientific legal system upon the courts and upon the legal profession is more subtle and far-reaching. The effect of all systems is apt to be petrifaction of the subject systematized. Perfection of scientific system and exposition tends to cut off individual initiative in the future, to stifle independent consideration of new problems and of new phases of old problems, and to impose the ideas of one generation upon another. This is so in all departments of learning. One of the obstacles to advance in every science is the domination of the ghosts of departed masters. Their sound methods are forgotten, while their unsound conclusions are held for gospel. Legal science is not exempt from this tendency. Legal systems have their periods in which science degenerates, in which system decays into technicality, in which a scientific jurisprudence becomes a mechanical jurisprudence. Roman law in its decadence furnishes a striking example. The Valentinian "law of citations" made a selection of jurisconsults of the past and allowed their writings only to be cited. It declared them, with the exception of Papinian, equal in authority. It confined the judge, when questions of law were in issue, to the purely mechanical task of counting and of determining the numerical preponderance of authority. Principles were no longer resorted to in order to make rules to fit cases. The rules were at hand in a fixed and final form, and cases were to be fitted to the rules. The classical jurisprudence of principles had developed, by the very weight of its authority, a jurisprudence of rules; and it is in the nature of rules to operate mechanically. Undoubtedly one cause of the tendency of scientific law to become mechanical is to be found in the average man's admiration for the ingenious in any direction, his love of technicality as a manifestation of cleverness, his feeling that law, as a developed institution, ought to have a certain ballast of mysterious technicality. "Philosophy's queerest arguments," says James, "tickle agreeably our sense of subtlety and ingenuity." Every practitioner has encountered the lay obsession as to invalidity of a signing with a lead pencil. Every law teacher has had to combat the student obsession that notice, however cogent, may be disregarded unless it is "official." Lay hair-splitting over rules and regulations goes far beyond anything of which lawyers are capable. Experienced advocates have insisted that in argument to a jury, along with a just, common-sense theory of the merits, one ought to have a specious technicality for good measure. But apart from this general human tendency, there is the special tendency of the lawyer to regard artificiality in law as an end, to hold science something to be pursued for its own sake, to forget in this pursuit the purpose of law and hence of scientific law, and to judge rules and doctrines by their conformity to a supposed science and not by the results to which they lead. In periods of growth and expansion, this tendency is repressed. In periods of maturity and stability, when the opportunity for constructive work is largely eliminated, it becomes very marked. I have known judges, [said Chief Justice Erle] bred in the world of legal studies, who delighted in nothing so much as in a strong decision. Now a strong decision is a decision opposed to common-sense and to common convenience…. A great part of the law made by judges consists of strong decisions, and as one strong decision is a precedent for another a little stronger, the law at last, on some matters, becomes such a nuisance that equity intervenes, or an Act of Parliament must be passed to sweep the whole away. The instance suggested in the conversation from which the foregoing extract is taken illustrates very well the development of a mechanical legal doctrine. Successive decisions upon the construction of wills had passed upon the meaning of particular words and phrases in particular wills. These decisions were used as guides in the construction of other wills. Presently rules grew up whereby it was settled that particular words and phrases had prescribed hard and fast meanings, and the construction of wills became so artificial, so scientific, that it defeated the very end of construction and compelled a series of sections in the Wills Act of 1836. I have referred to mechanical jurisprudence as scientific because those who administer it believe it such. But in truth it is not science at all. We no longer hold anything scientific merely because it exhibits a rigid scheme of deductions from a priori conceptions. In the philosophy of today, theories are "instruments, not answers to enigmas, in which we can rest." The idea of science as a system of deductions has become obsolete, and the revolution which has taken place in other sciences in this regard must take place and is taking place in jurisprudence also. This revolution in science at large was achieved in the middle of the nineteenth century. In the first half of that century, scientific method in every department of learning was dominated by the classical German philosophy. Men conceived that by dialectics and deduction from controlling conceptions they could construe the whole content of knowledge. Even in the natural sciences this belief prevailed and had long dictated theories of nature and of natural phenomena. Linnaeus, for instance, lays down a proposition, omne vivum ex ovo, and from this fundamental conception deduces a theory of homologies between animal and vegetable organs. He deemed no study of the organisms and the organs themselves necessary to reach or to sustain these conclusions. Yet, today, study of the organisms themselves has overthrown his fundamental proposition. The substitution of efficient for final causes as explanations of natural phenomena has been paralleled by a revolution in political thought. We do not base institutions upon deduction from assumed principles of human nature; we require them to exhibit practical utility, and we rest them upon a foundation of policy and established adaptation to human needs. It has been asserted that to no small extent the old mode of procedure was borrowed from the law. We are told that it involved a "fundamentally juristic conception of the world in which all kinds of action and every sort of judgment was expressed in legal phraseology." We are told that "in the Middle Ages human welfare and even religion was conceived under the form of legality, and in the modern world this has given place to utility." We have, then, the same task in jurisprudence that has been achieved in philosophy, in the natural sciences and in politics. We have to rid ourselves of this sort of legality and to attain a pragmatic, a sociological legal science. What is needed nowadays, [it has been said] is that as against an abstract and unreal theory of State omnipotence on the one hand, and an atomistic and artificial view of individual independence on the other, the facts of the world with its innumerable bonds of association and the naturalness of social authority should be generally recognized, and become the basis of our laws, as it is of our life. Herein is the task of the sociological jurist. Professor Small defines the sociological movement as "a frank endeavor to secure for the human factor in experience the central place which belongs to it in our whole scheme of thought and action." The sociological movement in jurisprudence is a movement for pragmatism as a philosophy of law; for the adjustment of principles and doctrines to the human conditions they are to govern rather than to assumed first principles; for putting the human factor in the central place and relegating logic to its true position as an instrument. Jurisprudence is last in the march of the sciences away from the method of deduction from predetermined conceptions. On the continent of Europe, both the historical school of jurists and the philosophical school, which were dominant until at least the last quarter of the nineteenth century, proceeded in this way. The difference between them lay in the manner in which they arrived at their fundamental conceptions. The former derived them from the history of juristic speculation and the historical development of the Roman sources. The latter, through metaphysical inquiries, arrived at certain propositions as to human nature, and deduced a system from them. This was the philosophical theory behind the eighteenth-century movement for codification. Ihering was the pioneer in the work of superseding this jurisprudence of conceptions (Begriffsjurisrudenz) by a jurisprudence of results (Wirklichkeitsjurisprudenz). He insisted that we should begin at the other end; that the first question should be, how will a rule or a decision operate in practice? For instance, if a rule of commercial law were in question, the search should be for the rule that best accords with and gives effect to sound business practice. In the Civil Law, the doctrine as to mistake in the formation of a contract affords an example of the working of the two methods. Savigny treated the subject according to the jurisprudence of conceptions. He worked out historically and analytically the conception of a contract and deduced therefrom the rules to govern cases of mistake. It followed, from his conception, that if A telegraphed B to buy shares and the telegram as delivered to B read sell, there was no contract between A and B, and hence no liability of A to B; and for a time it was so held. But this and some of the other resulting rules were so far from just in their practical operation that, following the lead of Ihering, they have been abandoned and the ordinary understanding of businessmen has been given effect. And, in this same connection, the new German code has introduced, as a criterion of error in the content of an expression of the will, the question, what would be regarded as essential in the ordinary understanding of business. Even better examples of the workings of a jurisprudence of conceptions, for our purposes, may be found in the manner in which common-law courts have dealt with points of mercantile law. For instance, the law of partnership is made difficult and often unjust by the insistence of the courts upon deducing its rules from a conception of joint ownership and joint obligation, instead of ascertaining and giving effect to the actual situation as understood and practiced by merchants. The legal theory does not affect the actual course of business an iota. But it leads to unfortunate results when that course of business, for some reason, comes before the courts. Again, the refusal of Lord Holt to recognize the negotiability of promissory notes proceeded upon a deduction from the conception of a chose in action. A jurisprudence of ends would have avoided each of these errors. In periods of legal development through juristic speculation and judicial decision, we have a jurisprudence of ends in fact, even if in form it is a jurisprudence of conceptions. The Roman jus gentium was worked out for concrete causes and the conceptions were later generalizations from its results. The jus naturale was a system of reaching reasonable ends by bringing philosophical theory into the scale against the hard and fast rules of antiquity. The development of equity in England was attained by a method of seeking results in concrete causes. The liberalizing of English law through the law merchant was brought about by substituting business practice for juridical conceptions. The development of the common law in America was a period of growth because the doctrine that the common law was received only so far as applicable led the courts, in adapting English case-law to American conditions, to study the conditions of application as well as the conceptions and their logical consequences. Whenever such a period has come to an end, when its work has been done and its legal theories have come to maturity, the jurisprudence of conceptions tends to decay. Conceptions are fixed. The premises are no longer to be examined. Everything is reduced to simple deduction from them. Principles cease to have importance. The law becomes a body of rules. This is the condition against which sociologists now protest, and protest rightly. A period of legislative activity supervenes to supply, first new rules, then new premises, and finally a systematic body of principles as a fresh start for juristic development. But such periods hitherto have not been periods of growth. Usually legislative activity has not gone beyond the introduction of new rules or of new premises, and the chief result has been a summing up of the juristic accomplishment of the past in improved form. The further step, which is beginning to be taken in our present era of legal development through legislation, is in reality an awakening of juristic activity, as jurists perceive that they may effect results through the legislator as well as through the judge or the doctrinal writer. This step has yet to be taken outside of Germany. And in the first and second stages of a period of legislation the mechanical character of legal science is aggravated by the imperative theory, which is a concomitant of legislative activity. Austin's proposition that law is command so complete that even the unwritten law must be given this character, since whatever the sovereign permits he commands, was simply rediscovered during the legislative ferment of the reform movement in English law. In the flowering-time of Papal legislation the canon law had already asserted it. Moreover, a period of legislation and codification has brought German jurists to a like conclusion. At such times, when law is felt to be positive, to be the command of the law-maker, a tendency to enact rules as such becomes manifest. Roman law, in its period of legislation, can furnish more than one example of the sort of law-making of which we complain to-day. Before the analytical school, which revived the imperative theory to meet the facts of an age of legislation, had become established, historical jurists led a revolt. But their jurisprudence is a jurisprudence of conceptions. Moreover, they have had little effect upon the actual course of Anglo-American law. The philosophical jurists have protested also and have appealed from purely legal considerations to considerations of reason and of natural law. But theirs, too, is a jurisprudence of conceptions, and their method, of itself, offers no relief. Their service has been in connection with the general sociological movement, in giving natural law a new and a modern aspect, and in promoting a general agreement among jurists on a sociological basis. In Europe, it is obvious that the different schools are coming together in a new sociological school that is to dominate juristic thought. Instead of seeking for an ideal universal law by metaphysical methods, the idea of all schools is to turn "the community of fact of mankind into a community of law in accord with the reasonable ordering of active life." Hence they hold that "the less arbitrary the character of a rule and the more clearly it conforms to the nature of things, the more nearly does it approach to the norm of a perfect law." The utilitarian theory of Bentham was a theory of legislation. The sociological theory of the present is a theory of legal science. Probably the chief merit of the new German code lies in its conformity in so large a degree to this theory. It lays down principles from which to deduce, not rules, but decisions; and decisions will indicate a rule only so long as the conditions to which they are applied cause them to express the principle. This, and not lax methods of equitable application, into which American courts are falling so generally, is the true way to make rules fit cases instead of making cases fit rules. An efficient cause of the failure of much American legislation is that it is founded on an assumption that it is enough for the State to command. Legislation has not been the product of preliminary study of the conditions to which it was to apply. It has not expressed social standards accurately. It has not responded accurately to social needs. Hence a large proportion has been nugatory in practice. But the difficulty is not, as some have assumed, that matters of private law are not within the legitimate scope of legislation. It is rather that legislation has approached them upon a false theory. Judicial law-making also has acted upon an erroneous theory; and its results are often quite as much disregarded in practice as are statutes. Judicial law-making, however, cannot escape, except within very narrow limits, until it is given a new starting point from without. Legislative lawmaking, on the contrary, may do so and is beginning to do so. That our case law at its maturity has acquired the sterility of a fully developed system, may be shown by abundant examples of its failure to respond to vital needs of present-day life. Its inadequacy to deal with employers' liability; the failure of the theory of "general jurisprudence" of the Supreme Court of the United States to give us a uniform commercial law; the failure of American courts, with centuries of discussion before them, to work out a reasonable or certain law of future interests in land; the breakdown of the common law in the matter of discrimination by public service companies because of inability to make procedure enforce its doctrines and rules; its breakdown in the attempt to adjust water rights in our newer states, where there was opportunity for free development; its inability to hold promoters to their duty and to protect the interests of those who invest in corporate enterprises against mismanagement and breach of trust; its failure to work out a scheme of responsibility that will hold legal entities, or those who hide behind their skirts, to their duty to the public—all these failures, and many more might be adduced, speak for themselves. But compare these failures with the great achievements of the youth of our case-law, with Lord Mansfield's development of a law of quasi-contracts from the fictions of the common counts, with Lord Mansfield's development of mercantile law by judicial decision, with Kent's working out of equity for America from a handful of English decisions, with Marshall's work in giving us a living constitution by judicial interpretation. Now and then, at present, we see vigorous life in remote corners of our case law, as, for instance, in the newer decisions as to surface and underground waters. But judicial revolt from mechanical methods to-day is more likely to take the form of "officious kindness" and flabby equitable application of law. Our judge-made law is losing its vitality, and it is a normal phenomenon that it should do so. I have suggested some examples of the failure of our case law to rise to social and legal emergencies. Let me point to some phases of its active operation which lead to the same conclusion. The manner in which the Fourteenth Amendment is applied affords a striking instance of the workings today of a jurisprudence of conceptions. Starting with the conception that it was intended to incorporate Spencer's Social Statics in the fundamental law of the United States, rules have been deduced that obstruct the way of social progress. The conception of liberty of contract, in particular, has given rise to rules and decisions which, tested by their practical operation, defeat liberty. As Mr. Olney says of the Adair Case, "it is archaic, it is a long step into the past, to conceive of and deal with the relations between the employer in such industries and the employee, as if the parties were individuals." The conception of freedom of contract is made the basis of a logical deduction. The court does not inquire what the effect of such a deduction will be, when applied to the actual situation. It does not observe that the result will be to produce a condition precisely the reverse of that which the conception originally contemplated. Again, the Commerce Clause of the Federal Constitution has been taken by one judge, at least, to be a constitutional enactment of a conception of free trade among the states. Deductions from this and like conceptions, assumed to express the meaning and the sole meaning of the clause, have given us rules which, when applied to the existing commercial and industrial situation, are wholly inadequate. Procedure, with respect to which every thoughtful lawyer must feel that we are inexcusably behind the rest of the English-speaking world, suffers especially from mechanical jurisprudence. The conception of a theory of the case, developed by the common-law forms of action, has, in nearly half of our code jurisdictions, nullified the legislative intent and made the practice more rigid than at common law. But this conception is regarded by many as fundamental. In deductions from this conception they lose sight of the end of procedure, they make scientific procedure an end of itself, and thus, in the result, make adjective law an agency for defeating or delaying substantive law and justice instead of one for enforcing and speeding them. Aristotle discusses a project of a Greek reformer for enabling tribunals to render what he called a divided judgment. At that time, the judgment had to be absolute one way or the other. If a plaintiff claimed twenty minœ: when but eighteen were proved to be due him, there was no course but to find for the defendant. The proposal to correct this and to allow a finding for the eighteen minœ: due did not meet with Aristotle's approval. He said: A juror who votes acquittal decides, not that the defendant owes nothing, but that he does not owe the twenty minœ: claimed. We smile now at Aristotle's hard and fast deduction, in the face of a manifestly absurd result, from his conception of the trial of an issue. But at least half our jurisdictions do the same thing essentially in this matter of the theory of a plaintiff's case. That his pleadings and proofs disclose a case and a good case is not enough. The courts say they are not foreclosing that case; they are merely deciding upon the theory he has chosen to advance. Again, in the practice as to parties, the common-law conception that there must be a joint interest or a joint liability, because there must be one controversy and joint parties are as one party, has seriously interfered with the liberal plan of the framers of the original Code of Civil Procedure. I can only cite some of the cases. But let me compare with our American cases a recent English decision. In that case two plaintiffs sued for an injunction against infringement of copyright and for an accounting of profits. Only one was owner of the copyright; the other was a mere licensee. But which one was owner was not clear. The court did not deem it necessary to take up this question and determine whether one only was owner and if so which, although a money recovery was to be had. So long as the plaintiffs were agreed among themselves and the defendant had wronged and owed money to one or the other of them, it affirmed a decree for an injunction and accounting. Although in strictness it might be that only one was entitled to judgment and so it would be necessary to determine which one, the court wasted no time on that question so long as nothing turned on it. Here the court was conscious that procedure was a mere means. It strove to vindicate the substantive law. It was not set upon adhering with scrupulous exactness to logical deductions from a conception of adjective law at the expense of the merits the latter exists to give effect to. Trial procedure is full of mechanical jurisprudence born of deduction from conceptions. The decisions as to the effect of a view of the locus by a jury, in which judgments are reversed unless jurors are told, in the face of common-sense, not to use what they see as evidence, in order to vindicate a conception of the duty of a court of review; the wilderness of decisions as to the province of court and jury, in which, carrying a conception of distinction between law and fact to extreme logical results, the courts at one moment assume that jurors are perfect and will absolutely follow an abstract instruction to its logical consequences, in the face of common-sense and the evidence, and at the next assume that they are fools and will be misled by anything not relevant that drops from the court; and the practice of instructions, one way or the other, when doubtful points of law arise, a general verdict, and a new trial, if the court of review takes another view of the point, when the verdict could have been taken quite as well subject to the point of law reserved, and a new trial obviated, illustrate forcibly the extent to which procedural conceptions, pursued for their own sake, may defeat the end of procedure and defeat the substance of the law. For delay of justice is denial of justice. Every time a party goes out of court on a mere point of practice, substantive law suffers an injury. The life of the law is in its enforcement. Evidence also has been a prolific field for the unchecked jurisprudence of conceptions. But one example must suffice. The decisions by which in a majority of jurisdictions jurors are not permitted to learn directly the views of standard texts upon scientific and technical subjects, but must pass upon the conflicting opinions of experts without the aid of the impartial sources of information to which any common-sense man would resort in practice, carry out a conception of the competency of evidence at the expense of the end of evidence. In one case, the question was whether death had taken place from strangulation. The trial was held in a rural community, and the medical experts accessible had had no actual experience of cases of strangulation of the sort involved. But standard medical works did relate cases precisely in point, and, after proof that they were standard authorities, a physician was allowed to testify with respect to the symptoms disclosed in the light of the recorded experience of mankind. For this, the judgment was reversed. To vindicate a juridical conception, the court shut out the best possible means of information, in the circumstances of the case in hand, and allowed an accused person to escape because of the inevitable limits of experience of a rural physician. How far the mechanical jurisprudence, of which the example just given is an extreme case, forgets the end in the means, is made manifest by the stock objection to attempts at introducing a common-sense and business-like procedure. We are told that formal and technical procedure "makes better lawyers." One might ask whether the making of good lawyers is the end of law. But what is a good lawyer? Let Ulpian answer: lus est ars boni et œqui. Cuius merito quis nos sacerdotes appellet; iustitiam namque colimus et boni et œqui, notitiam profitemur, œquum ab iniquo separantes, licitum ab illicto discernentes, bonos non solum metu pœnarum, verum etiam prœmiorum quoque exhortatione efficere cupientes veram, nisi fallor, philosophiam, non simulatam affectantes. The nadir of mechanical jurisprudence is reached when conceptions are used, not as premises from which to reason, but as ultimate solutions. So used, they cease to be conceptions and become empty words. James has called attention to a like vice in philosophical thought: Metaphysics has usually followed a very primitive kind of quest. You know how men have always hankered after unlawful magic, and you know what a great part in magic words have always played. If you have his name, or the formula of incantation that binds him, you can control the spirit, genie, afrite, or whatever the power may be…. So the universe has always appeared to the natural mind as a kind of enigma of which the key must be sought in the shape of some illuminating or power-bringing word or name. That word names the universe's principle, and to possess it is after a fashion to possess the universe itself."God,""Matter,""Reason,""the Absolute," "Energy," are so many solving names. You can rest when you have them. You are at the end of your metaphysical quest. Current decisions and discussions are full of such solving words: estoppel, malice, privity, implied, intention of the testator, vested and contingent—when we arrive at these we are assumed to be at the end of our juristic search. Like Habib in the Arabian Nights, we wave aloft our scimitar and pronounce the talismanic word. With legislative law-making in the grip of the imperative theory and its arbitrary results, and judicial decision in the grip of a jurisprudence of conceptions and its equally arbitrary results, whither are we to turn? Judicial lawmaking cannot serve us. As things are, the cure would be worse than the disease. No court could hold such hearings as those had by legislative committees upon measures for the protection of operatives, described by Mrs. Kelley, or that recently had before the Interstate Commerce Commission as to uniform bills of lading. We must soon have a new starting-point that only legislation can afford. That we may put the sociological, the pragmatic theory behind legislation, is demonstrated every day. Legislative reference bureaus, the Comparative Law Bureau, the Conferences of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, such hearings as the one before the Interstate Commerce Commission already referred to, hearings before legislative commit-tees, such conferences as the one held recently with respect to the Sherman Anti-trust Law, barassociation discussions of reforms in procedure—all these are furnishing abundant material for legislation of the best type. No such resources are open to the courts. Hence common-law lawyers will some day abandon their traditional attitude toward legislation; will welcome legislation and will make it what it should be. The part played by jurists in the best days of Roman legislation, and the part they have taken in modern Continental legislation, should convince us, if need be, that juristic principles may be recognized and juristic speculation may be put into effect quite as well by legislation as by judicial decision. Herein is a noble task for the legal scholars of America. To test the conceptions worked out in the common law by the requirements of the new juristic theory, to lay sure foundations for the ultimate legislative restatement of the law, from which judicial decision shall start afresh—this is as great an opportunity as has fallen to the jurists of any age. The end of a period of development by judicial decision is marked by the prevalence of two types of judges; those who think it a great display of learning and of judicial independence to render what Chief Justice Erle called "strong decisions," and those who fix their gaze upon the raw equities of a cause and forage in the books for cases to sustain the desired result. But the task of a judge is to make a principle living, not by deducing from it rules, to be, like the Freshman's hero, "immortal for a great many years," but by achieving thoroughly the less ambitious but more useful labor of giving a fresh illustration of the intelligent application of the principle to a concrete cause, producing a workable and a just result. The real genius of our common law is in this, not in an eternal case-law. Let the principles be formulated by whom or derived from whence you will. The Common Law will look to courts to develop and expound them, the Civil Law to doctrinal treatises. It is only a lip service to our common law that would condemn it to a perpetuity of mechanical jurisprudence through distrust of legislation. "Mechanical Jurisprudence." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. . Encyclopedia.com. (July 19, 2019). https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mechanical-jurisprudence "Mechanical Jurisprudence." West's Encyclopedia of American Law. . Retrieved July 19, 2019 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mechanical-jurisprudence Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. 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Coronavirus transmission: We all know that COVID-19 spreads from others who have the virus. A person catches the virus through droplets expelled when someone infected with coronavirus coughs, sneezes or speaks. But, what happens in case of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients? Can they spread the virus? The World Health Organization, in a recently released video, answers similar questions related to COVID-19 transmission. COVID-19 transmission: What you need to know Dr Maria van Kerkhove, COVID-19 technical lead, says that the majority of transmission that is known till now is that people who have symptoms transmit the virus to other people through infectious droplets. "But, there are a subset of people of don't develop symptoms. We still don't have the answer to understand how many people don't have symptoms," she says. What does it mean to be asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic? Asymptomatic COVID-19 positive means a person has been tested positive but has no symptoms, and does not go on to develop symptoms, says Dr Kerkhove in the video. "A number of people are reported asymptomatic, actually may have mild disease. They may go on to develop symptoms. They may not quite register that they are sick. They can feel just a little bit unwell or under the weather, or fatigued. Some of those individuals we would classify as pre-symptomatic," she adds. Pre-symptomatic COVID-19 positive means that a person has not yet developed symptoms. Is it possible to spread the infection if there are no symptoms? Viral shedding studies for some of the lab work show that there are people who are infected with COVID-19 can test positive one to three days before they develop symptoms. "This is something that has been known for sometime now. We need to better understand what proportion is that contributing to transmission. This is one of the major unknowns," says Dr Kerkhove. People who are infected with COVID-19 can test positive one to three days before they develop symptoms Photo Credit: iStock How asymptomatic people can spread the virus? Explaining how asymptomatic people can spread the virus, Dr Mike Ryan, EXD, WHO Health Emergencies Programme says, "For instance, if someone is in a nightclub, trying to talk to someone, and its too noisy, and you are too close to them, it's like you are projecting your voice at someone. In this situation, if the virus is present your upper respiratory mucosa, then there's every likelihood that you can project the virus." Many people with COVID-19 experience only mild symptoms, especially in early stages of the disease. "It is possible to catch COVID-19 from someone who has just a mild cough and does not feel ill. Some reports have indicated that people with no symptoms can transmit the virus. It is not yet known how often it happens. WHO is assessing ongoing research on the topic," states the WHO website. What is the situation right now? The last couple of days have been the highest number of daily cases in the world. So, in terms of pandemic generation, we are still very much on the up on the upward climb on this mountain, Dr Ryan adds. "As some countries have shown, if you go at this with a comprehensive approach in a very systematic way, then there is enough stopability for the virus." He goes on to add that as a society, we have some choices to make. "If we can identify cases and their contacts, and we ask those contacts to quarantine themselves, we support them in that quarantine, then that can be a very successful way of both stopping the disease and avoiding large-scale lockdowns in future," Dr Ryan adds. Watch the full video below. Connexions Technology (Dongguan) Ltd. We are always providing our customers with reliable products and considerate services. If you would like to keep touch with us directly, please go to contact us

|Enter a chemical formula to calculation its molar mass and also elemental composition:| |Molar mass of (PO4)3 is 284.9141 g/mol | Computing molar mass (molar weight)To calculation molar massive of a chemical compound go into its formula and also click "Compute". In chemical formula you might use:Any chemistry element. Capitalize the an initial letter in chemistry symbol and use lower situation for the remaining letters: Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, S, O, H, C, N, Na, K, Cl, Al.Functional groups: D, Ph, Me, Et, Bu, AcAc, For, Ts, Tos, Bz, TMS, tBu, Bzl, Bn, Dmgparantesis () or brackets <>.Common compound names.Examples that molar fixed computations: NaCl, Ca(OH)2, K4 You are watching: Molar mass of po4 3- Molar fixed calculator also displays common compound name, Hill formula, elemental composition, massive percent composition, atomic percent compositions and allows to transform from load to variety of moles and vice versa. Computing molecular load (molecular mass)To calculate molecular weight of a chemical compound go into it"s formula, point out its isotope massive number after ~ each facet in square brackets.Examples that molecular load computations: C<14>O<16>2, S<34>O<16>2. See more: What Does 316L Mean On A Ring, Is Stainless Steel Nickel Free Definitions of molecule mass, molecule weight, molar mass and also molar weightMolecular mass (molecular weight) is the fixed of one molecule that a substance and also is express in the linked atomic mass systems (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the fixed of one atom that carbon-12) Molar mass (molar weight) is the massive of one mole the a substance and is express in g/mol.Weights of atoms and also isotopes room from NIST article.Related: molecule weights the amino acids food selection Balance Molar massive Gas regulations Units Chemistrytools Periodictable Chemicalforum symmetry Constants Contribute contact us chathamtownfc.net is a web application through a mission to administer best-in-class chemistry tools and also information to chemists and also students.

of lightweight aggregate ideally suited to making high-strength, durable, and low-permeability concrete wastimely, as it was met with urgency in the marine shippingindustry brought about by the submarine warfare of WorldWar I. As a construction material for boats, portlandcement concrete probably dates from 1848, when Jean-Louis Lambot built a rowboat for use in a pond on hisestate in Miraval, France. With a hull thickness of 30 to40 mm (1.2 to 1.5 in.), a length of 3.6 m (11.8 ft), and abeam of 1.35 m (4.4 ft), the boat was a success. Other thana hole in the bottom that caused it to sink, it was found ingood condition some 100 years later when it was excavatedfrom the mud and exhibited at a concrete conference inParis. The first ocean-going concrete ship was constructedin 1917. With a displacement of 400 tonnes (440 tons) anda length of 26 m (85 ft), the Norwegian ship showed marine designers the possibilities and limitationsof using normalweight concrete as a material. Although vesicular volcanic aggregates had been triedand found capable of reducing the dead weight of ships tomanageable levels, the intrinsic variability of the depositsof aggregate were such that the required high strengthcould not be obtained on a consistent basis. Hayde was apatriotic individual, and with the recognition that hissoon-to-be-patented product could help in the war effort,he offered it free of charge to the government for theduration of the war, provided that the Haydite, the namegiven to his lightweight aggregate product, was manufacturedby the government and not an independent contractor. His offer was made in a letter dated February 18, 1918,to the Director of the Department of Concrete ShipConstruction, U.S. Emergency Fleet Corporation, Washing-ton, DC. The response was provided on March 6, in a lettersigned by R.G.J. Wig as Chief Engineer and initialed byC.W.B. (Carl W. Boynton). The letter expressed interest inthe “burnt clay as a concrete aggregate in concrete withboat construction and anticipated that the material can bedeveloped to a point where it will give us the requiredstrength, and at the same time reduce the weight of theconcrete materially.” Subsequent testing verified thatHaydite could be used to produce 28 MPa (4000 psi)concrete with a density of 1697 kg/m ).With Hayde’s experience making a high-quality light-weight aggregate using a rotary kiln, it was surprisingthat the first ship built by the Department of EmergencyShip Construction was constructed using aggregate fromthe much less efficient down-draft beehive kilns inBirmingham, AL. Sufficient material was produced tosupply concrete for the 272 tonnes (300 ton) ,launched in December 1918. The second concrete shipwas the , with a length of 132 m (434 ft), a beam of13 m (43 ft), and a full-cargo draft of 8 m (26 ft). The ship’shull was 127 mm (5 in.) thick on the bottom and 100 mm(4 in.) thick on the sides. Cover over the reinforcementwas only about 16 mm (5/8 in.). The aggregates used toconstruct the were made by the Atlas CementCompany in Hannibal, MO, using the rotary kiln method. Atotal of 6670 tonnes (7350 tons) of expanded aggregateswere shipped to the Fred T. Ley Company, the operator ofthe government shipyard in Mobile, AL.The good performance of rotary-kiln-produced light-weight aggregate when used for concrete ship constructionwas not missed by government employee Carl Boynton,who proceeded to arrange for a patent to cover what wasessentially covered in Hayde’s patent. This is especiallysurprising in that Boynton had expressed to Appo, one ofHayde’s associates in the Haydite company, that “theprocess…was entirely outside his knowledge of burningmaterials and burning processes.”On May 7, 1928, at the Court of Appeals of the District ofColumbia, a decision was rendered that the court was“convinced that Boynton derived his knowledge of theinvention from Hayde, and that Hayde is entitled to theaward of priority.” A key piece of evidence in the case wasthe letter Hayde had written to his nephew George. Apetition for a rehearing was denied on June 1, 1928.Unfortunately, that victory came some 16 days after Haydedied when traveling by rail from Montreal to Kansas City. ProduCIng a LEgaCy Hayde’s research, which began about 1897, had estab-lished by 1917 the basic parameters for aggregate productionthat led to our modern lightweight concrete industry. Thetemperature regime and degree of expansion of theaggregates has remained unchanged over the years. It is agreat benefit to modern designers that they can look backwith confidence at a track record of nine decades of goodperformance with this essentially unchanged product,invented and brought into commercial production by lays a wreck in pieces at Crystal Beachon the southern tip of Cape May, NJ. One of theauthors visited the wreck about 1980 and foundthe concrete of very poor quality. The wasscuttled decades ago off the coast of Galveston, TX.One of the authors visited the in 1985 andobserved that the concrete was generally in excellentcondition, and the imprint of the form boards couldstill be clearly seen—even at the water line. As is thecase of the concrete ships from World War II, themain deck shows distress mainly due to improperconcreting practice. Nevertheless, the concrete wasin generally good condition and shows what can beexpected of concrete made with rotary-kiln-producedlightweight aggregate.

Foods, Nutrients and Calories Gravels, Substances and Oils CaribSea, Marine, Arag-Alive, West Caribbean Reef weighs 1 441.7 kg/m³ (90.00239 lb/ft³) with specific gravity of 1.4417 relative to pure water. Calculate how much of this gravel is required to attain a specific depth in a cylindrical, quarter cylindrical or in a rectangular shaped aquarium or pond [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price ] Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate [Na2B4O7 ⋅ 5H2O] weighs 1 880 kg/m³ (117.36457 lb/ft³) [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price | mole to volume and weight | mass and molar concentration | density ] Weights and Measurements A pound-force per hectare is a unit of pressure where a force of one pound-force (lbf) is applied to an area of one hectare. The online number conversions include conversions between binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal numbers.

1989: MRAM - Computer Memory As an exotic and very specialized memory technology today, MRAM is not believed to become a successor to Flash anymore. First steps in developing MRAM devices were made by IBM in 1989 and throughout the 1990s, when the company discovered the "giant magnetoresistive" effect in thin-film structures. In 2000, IBM created a joint-venture with Infineon to bring MRAM into production, which resulted in a 128 Kbit MRAM chip built in 180 nm. Until today, MRAM is still waiting for its mainstream breakthrough, but has found customers in smart cards, cell base stations, as well as aerospace and military scenarios.

There are three weapons in modern fencing: foil, epee, and sabre. Each weapon has its own rules and strategies. Equipment needed includes at least 2 swords, a Lame (not for epee), a white jacket, underarm protector, two body and mask cords, knee high socks, glove and knickers. Foil - The foil is a light thrusting weapon with a maximum weight of 500 grams. The foil targets the torso, but not the arms or legs. The foil has a small circular hand guard that serves to protect the hand from direct stabs. As the hand is not a valid target in foil, this is primarily for safety. Touches are scored only with the tip; hits with the side of the blade do not register on the electronic scoring apparatus (and do not halt the action). Touches that land outside the target area (called an off-target touch and signaled by a distinct color on the scoring apparatus) stop the action, but are not scored. Only a single touch can be award to either fencer at the end of a phrase. If both fencers land touches within a close enough interval of milliseconds to register two lights on the machine, the referee uses the rules of "right of way" to determine which fencer is awarded the touch, or if an off-target hit has priority over a valid hit, in which case no touch is awarded. If the referee is unable to determine which fencer has right of way, no touch is awarded. Epee - The epee is a thrusting weapon like the foil, but heavier, with a maximum total weight of 775 grams. In epee, the entire body is valid target. The hand guard on the epee is a large circle that extends towards the pommel, effectively covering the hand, which is a valid target in epee. Like foil, all hits must be with the tip and not the sides of the blade. Hits with the side of the blade do not register on the electronic scoring apparatus (and do not halt the action). As the entire body is legal target, there is no concept of an off-target touch, except if the fencer accidentally strikes the floor, setting off the light and tone on the scoring apparatus. Unlike foil and sabre, epee does not use "right of way", and awards simultaneous touches to both fencers. However, if the score is tied in a match at the last point and a double touch is scored, the point is null and void. The sabre is a light cutting and thrusting weapon that targets the entire body above the waist, except the weapon hand. Saber is the newest weapon to be used. Like the foil, the maximum legal weight of a sabre is 500 grams. The hand guard on the sabre extends from hilt to the point at which the blade connects to the pommel. This guard is generally turned outwards during sport to protect the sword arm from touches. Hits with the entire blade or point are valid. As in foil, touches that land outside the target area are not scored. However, unlike foil, these off-target touches do not stop the action, and the fencing continues. In the case of both fencers landing a scoring touch, the referee determines which fencer receives the point for the action, again through the use of "right of way". Protective clothing - Most personal protective equipment for fencing is made of tough cotton or nylon. Kevlar was added to top level uniform pieces (jacket, breeches, underarm protector, lame, and the bib of the mask) following the death of Vladimir Smirnov at the 1982 World Championships in Rome. However, Kevlar breaks down into chlorine in UV light, complicating the cleaning process. Other ballistic fabrics, such as Dyneema, have been developed that resist puncture, and which do not degrade the way that Kevlar does. FIE rules state that tournament wear must be made of fabric that resists a force of 800 newtons (180 lbf), and that the mask bib must resist twice that amount. The complete fencing kit includes: Jacket -The jacket is form-fitting, and has a strap (croissard) that passes between the legs. In sabre fencing, jackets are cut along the waist.(clarification needed) A small gorget of folded fabric is sewn in around the collar to prevent an opponent's blade from slipping under the mask and along the jacket upwards towards the neck. Fencing instructors may wear a heavier jacket, such as one reinforced by plastic foam, to deflect the frequent hits an instructor endures. Plastron - A plastron is an underarm protector worn underneath the jacket. It provides double protection on the side of the sword arm and upper arm. There is no seam under the arm, which would line up with the jacket seam and provide a weak spot. Glove - The sword hand is protected by a glove with a gauntlet that prevents blades from going up the sleeve and causing injury. The glove also improves grip. Breeches - Breeches or knickers are short trousers that end just below the knee. The breeches are required to have 10 cm of overlap with the jacket. Most are equipped with suspenders (braces). Socks - Fencing socks are long enough to cover the knee; some cover most of the thigh. Shoes - Fencing shoes have flat soles, and are reinforced on the inside for the back foot, and in the heel for the front foot. The reinforcement prevents wear from lunging. Mask - The fencing mask has a bib that protects the neck. The mask should support 12 kilograms (26 lb) on the metal mesh and 350 newtons (79 lbf) of penetration resistance on the bib. FIE regulations dictate that masks must withstand 25 kilograms (55 lb) on the mesh and 1,600 newtons (360 lbf) on the bib. Some modern masks have a see-through visor in the front of the mask. These have been used at high level competitions (World Championships etc.), however, they are currently banned in foil and epee by the FIE, following a 2009 incident in which a visor was pierced during the European Junior Championship competition. There are foil, sabre, and three-weapon masks. Chest protector - A chest protector, made of plastic, is worn by female fencers and, sometimes, by boys. Fencing instructors also wear them, as they are hit far more often during training than their students. In foil fencing, the hard surface of a chest protector decreases the likelihood that a hit registers. Lame - A lame is a layer of electrically conductive material worn over the fencing jacket in foil and sabre fencing. The lame covers the entire target area, and makes it easier to determine whether a hit fell within the target area. (In epee fencing the lame is unnecessary, since the target area spans the competitor's entire body.) In sabre fencing, the lame's sleeves end in a straight line across the wrist; in foil fencing, the lame is sleeveless. A body cord is necessary to register scoring. It attaches to the weapon and runs inside the jacket sleeve, then down the back and out to the scoring box. In sabre and foil fencing, the body cord connects to the lame in order to create a circuit to the scoring box. Sleeve - An instructor or master may wear a protective sleeve or a leg leather to protect their fencing arm or leg, respectively. Foil, Epee and Saber Techniques Techniques or movements in fencing can be divided into two categories: offensive and defensive. Some techniques can fall into both categories (e.g. the beat). Certain techniques are used offensively, with the purpose of landing a hit on your opponent while holding the right of way (foil and sabre). Others are used defensively, to protect against a hit or obtain the right of way. The attacks and defences may be performed in countless combinations of feet and hand actions. For example, fencer A attacks the arm of fencer B, drawing a high outside parry; fencer B then follows the parry with a high line riposte. Fencer A, expecting that, then makes his own parry by pivoting his blade under fencer B's weapon (from straight out to more or less straight down), putting fencer B's tip off target and fencer A now scoring against the low line by angulating the hand upwards. Whenever a point is scored, the fencers will go back to their starting mark. The fight will start again after the following commands have been given by the referee (in French in international settings): "En garde" (On guard), "Etes-vous prets?" (Are you ready?), "Allez" (Fence!) Offensive: Attack: A basic fencing technique, also called a thrust, consisting of the initial offensive action made by extending the arm and continuously threatening the opponent's target. They are four different attacks (straight thrust, disengage attack, counter-disengage attack and cutover) In sabre, attacks are also made with a cutting action. Riposte: An attack by the defender after a successful parry. After the attacker has completed their attack, and it has been parried, the defender then has the opportunity to make an attack, and (at foil and sabre) take right of way. Feint: A false attack with the purpose of provoking a reaction from the opposing fencer. Lunge: A thrust while extending the front leg by using a slight kicking motion and propelling the body forward with the back leg. Beat attack: In foil and sabre, the attacker beats the opponent's blade to gain priority (right of way) and continues the attack against the target area. In epee, a similar beat is made but with the intention to disturb the opponent's aim and thus score with a single light. Disengage: A blade action whereby the blade is moved around the opponent's blade to threaten a different part of the target or deceive a parry. Compound attack: An attack preceded by one or more feints which oblige the opponent to parry, allowing the attacker to deceive the parry. Continuation/renewal of Attack: A typical epee action of making a 2nd attack after the first attack is parried. This may be done with a change in line; for example, an attack in the high line (above the opponent's bellguard, such as the shoulder) is then followed with an attack to the low line (below the opponent's bellguard, such as the thigh, or foot); or from the outside line (outside the bellguard, such as outer arm) to the inside line (inside the bellguard, such as the inner arm or the chest). A second continuation is stepping slight past the parry and angulating the blade to bring the tip of the blade back on target. A renewal may also be direct (without a change of line or any further blade action), in which case it is called a remise. In foil or sabre, a renewal is considered to have lost right of way, and the defender's immediate riposte, if it lands, will score instead of the renewal. Flick: a technique used primarily in foil and epee. It takes advantage of the extreme flexibility of the blade to use it like a whip, bending the blade so that it curves over and strikes the opponent with the point; this allows the fencer to hit an obscured part of the target (e.g., the back of the shoulder or, at epee, the wrist even when it is covered by the guard). This technique has become much more difficult due to timing changes which require the point to stay depressed for longer to set off the light. Defensive: Parry: Basic defence technique, block the opponent's weapon while it is preparing or executing an attack to deflect the blade away from the fencer's valid area and (in foil and sabre) to give fencer the right of way. Usually followed by a riposte, a return attack by the defender. Circle parry: A parry where the weapon is move in a circle to catch the opponent's tip and deflect it away. Counter attack: A basic fencing technique of attacking your opponent while generally moving back out of the way of the opponent's attack. Used quite often in epee to score against the attacker's hand/arm. More difficult to accomplish in foil and sabre unless one is quick enough to make the counterattack and retreat ahead of the advancing opponent without being scored upon, or by evading the attacking blade via moves such as the In Quartata (turning to the side) or Passata-sotto (ducking). Counterattacks can also be executed in opposition, grazing along the opponent's blade and deflecting it to cause the attack to miss. Point-in-line: A specific position where the arm is straight and the point is threatening the opponent's target area. In foil and sabre, this gives one priority if the extension is completed before the opponent begins the final action of their attack. When performed as a defensive action, the attacker must then disturb the extended weapon to re-take priority; otherwise the defender has priority and the point-in-line will win the touch if the attacker does not manage a single light. In epee, there is no priority; the move may be used as a means by either fencer to achieve a double-touch and advance the score by 1 for each fencer. In all weapons, the point-in-line position is commonly used to slow the opponent's advance and cause them to delay the execution of their attack.

Seven "ate" nine...or 7, 8, 9! Today we'll work on Lesson 4. In this lesson there's a sprint and we're going to keep working on subtracting up to 1,000. Today's lesson lets us practice using the arrow way but, as always, remember that's just one strategy. Please use whatever way works best for you. Let's take a look at today's slides. If they go too slow, you can always click ">" and if they go too fast, you can always click "pause". - You can click here for your Sprint. If someone at home can time you (90 seconds), try to beat your score from side A! Don't forget to look for those helpful patterns! - After you finish your Sprint, you can click here for your Problem Set for Lesson 4. You don't have a homework page because all of our work is from home right now!

The movie ‘3 Idiots’ is totally focused on the current education system and its drawbacks. It has covered the situation of all the participants practically involved in the education system in India i.e. students, colleges, faculties and parents. Thus, this movie is a lesson to all the above parties, which I have analyzed after watching this movie. Ian Andrews IrelandWhat I mean by the above is, I was thinking about “how” I achieved a high position in my own swiss wrist, which normally takes anywhere from 5+ years,in 3.6 years. In the end you should pick a style and filmmaker that matches your sense of style and storytelling. Watch their work and try and picture yourself, your family and your story presented in that same way and decide if it feels right to you. This is a document that will be around for your lifetime and maybe longer. I don’t think it is a decision to be made lightly. 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St. Patrick’s Day is a time where all People in america embrace this ethnic vacation, it is also a time the place several American folks celebrate this time of year exchanging cherished recipes and collaborating in the festivity of content cheer. If there has been one particular point that the descendants from Dublin Eire have presented to the American men and women -is to take pleasure in this day as if Irish Eyes smiled on the heart and soul each and each day. This is why this recipe has an extra spicy flair for all men and women that adore to have their urge for food happy with a hearty appetizer that will release the leprechaun in each and every and each soul. Linda spends most of her highway time offering two or 3 day driving clinics “because I genuinely take pleasure in them. As a program designer she usually travels on Monday, builds on Tuesday and for the relaxation of the week and then travels yet again on Monday. And the expense? Ian Leaf Effectively I picked up the new mirror unit for one hundred and twenty Euros. A huge conserving of a few hundred and thirty Euros and all it value was one particular hour of my time, need to have I say anymore? First and foremost get your jewellery valued! I know its appears like a no brainer but folks are inclined to place this off. Burglars don’t operate to schedules and its no very good getting a jeweller to consider and estimate what anything was worth soon after its stolen. With the emergence of on the web insurance getting theres not a broker there to remind you to have your valuation completed. Its simpler to get it carried out very first before you store close to for the greatest quote. Its perform is to make the human body’s provide of iodine boost to a stage that excites the thyroid gland hormones to control power and improve metabolism. Linda was 13 when “I lastly talked my father into getting me a horse.” Shimali was an Arab-Saddlebred cross and she was my Saddle Seat Equitation horse. In the wintertime when we took her sneakers off, we jumped.” Linda arrived from a middleclass household, but her dad’s abilities and willingness to assistance her passion compensated off. Plants – innocent bystanders of the zombie apocalypse. They stand by as the undead rampage throughout the world, neither attacking nor currently being attacked. They’re the type of art that sells best of the war towards the strolling useless. It performs inside your physique via the skin by the bloodstream. The meals we take in doesn’t move to our bloodstream as it passes 1st to the different places of our physique then to our belly or liver. Some volunteers I spoke with later talked about how research have proven people remain on sidewalks even when they know a road is closed. That figures. Ian Andrews Ireland If a specific shift can get you killed in one particular context, you have a tendency to keep away from it for all. It’s like pulling the trigger of an unloaded gun. Who would like to discover out the difficult way it was actually loaded? First, Dublin Metropolis Middle Resorts that supply different budgets for their friends, from the hostels price range to the funds of exclusive 5-star resorts. Not too long ago, Dublin resort costs have dropped, so there are any quantity of websites and brokers that guarantee ‘guaranteed best prices’. They would supply you the greatest worth and the chance to converse directly with the lodge employees. Dublin City Lodges have been heading up market for these some many years. Leap Calendar year: This romantic comedy stars Amy Adams, Matthew Goode and Adam Scott. Amy Adam’s character is determined for her boyfriend to propose to her but because he hasn’t “popped the issue” nevertheless, she finds a tradition in Ireland that enables her to propose to her boyfriend on leap 12 months but on her way there, she meets an extremely intriqing male who might lead to her to modify her mind. From the previews and synopsis I have study, this appears like a winner in the romantic comedy segment for 2010. It will come to theaters January 8th and is rated PG. Also, on mentor outings, all accommodation is sorted for you, and the coach organizations program the vacation so you do not even require to study the landmarks and locations you want to go to. Ian Leaf Tax Fraud It is as straightforward as climbing aboard following breakfast, sitting again and waiting for the driver to quit and say “we are listed here”. A Christian Raiders supporter endures the jokes and horrified looks a single will get every time their preferred football group is described with a smile. We know greater than to believe we’ll ever influence most men and women the cause our team’s symbol has an eyepatch is an endeavor to cover up the truth its supporter base is created up of cyclopses. We laugh it off when we’re requested the place we buy our facepaint and spiked shoulder pads. Or if we’re truly outlaws.

It has been a while since I have posted anything Freo related. This year shapes up as a defining year for the club….like the last 15. The players all seem in shape and passionate for climbing up the ladder….like the last 15. The big difference is our coach. Ross Lyon comes with a big reputation for strong discipline and work ethic. Already there are reports of players losing significant weight, and having renewed application to training. They will need to, for Lyons sake. This present administration have proven time and time again that they have no sense of loyalty to anything apart from their own agenda. Lyon comes in knowing fully well that he has a short period of time before the CEO will be sharpening his knife. Like a new education minister, the club CEO has come in with a raft of changes to make sure his ‘branding’ is all over the club. I suspect the sacking of Harvey and replacing him with Lyon had as much to do with Steve Rosich ego as any plan for team success. Watch your back Lyon, make sure that contract is water tight. Having said all that…I support the club, not the administration, and I hope we do have a great year. Need to update that logo in the top right Mark! There’s also no guarantee’s that Lyon will fulfil his contract. I’m a Lyon fan, well I was-he got us into two GF’s and we could/should have won either of them. But the way he did this didn’t exude integrity. Given your comments about Rosich maybe they’re made for each other.

There are websites and apps that provide real-time information about storms, fires, floods and other emergency incidents. It is your responsibility to stay informed before, during and after an emergency. Ways of staying informed are outlined below. VicEmergency has a real time map display with incidents across the State including floods, storms, fires, earthquakes, tsunamis, beach closures, shark sightings and more. Remember, always access more than one source of emergency information and warnings. VicEmergency is the official Victorian Government app for emergency warnings and information. Download VicEmergency from the Google Play Store or the Apple App Store. Set up a user profile and watch zones to ensure you receive official warnings and information for areas that interest you. Monday to Friday, 8.00am - 6.00pm. Opening times are extended during significant bushfires. Recorded information on specific topics can be accessed 24 hours a day. • Contact the Helpdesk on 1800 555 660, Monday to Friday 8am to 6pm. If you don't speak English call the Translating and Interpreting Service on 131 450 for translated information from VicEmergency Hotline. If you know someone who can't speak English, provide them with this number. A full list of Emergency Broadcasters in Victoria can be found here.

A lack of impulse control may be associated with certain neurological disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It may also be related to an intersecting group of conditions known as impulse control disorders (ICDs). Does ADHD affect impulse control? Many children with ADHD seem to spend their lives in time-out, grounded, or in trouble for what they say and do. The lack of impulse control is perhaps the most difficult symptom of ADHD to modify. It takes years of patience and persistence to successfully turn this around. Is ADHD an impulse disorder? Impulsivity refers to acting without thinking first. Impulsivity in a person who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly likely to continue into adulthood. People with symptoms of impulsivity often: Are impatient with waiting their turn or waiting in line. What is an example of an impulse control disorder? Often, the behaviors violate the rights of others or conflict with societal norms and the law. Examples of impulse control disorders include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, and pyromania. What type of disorder is ADHD? ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors (may act without thinking about what the result will be), or be overly active. What is ADHD impulsive type? Behavior signaling the possible presence of ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive type: The adolescent is restless and fidgety while doing any and all quiet activities, interrupts and “bugs” other people, and gets into trouble frequently. Hyperactive symptoms decrease or are replaced with a sense of restlessness. Does ADHD medication help with impulsivity? Treatment. ADHD medications have an impressive effect, reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity and improving the ability to focus, work, and learn. They also may improve physical coordination. Sometimes several different medications or dosages must be tried before finding what works for a particular child. What are the 5 impulse disorders? Impulse control disorders can be identified through this 5 types of conditions: kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, pathological gambling, and trichotillomania. An impulse control disorder refers to a condition where individuals may have difficulty controlling either their emotions or behaviors. What is the most common impulse control disorder? The most common of impulse control disorders are: - Intermittent explosive disorder – expressions of anger, often to the point of uncontrollable rage. - Domestic violence – intermittent explosive disorder targeting only one spouse or household partner. Is ADHD biological or psychological? It is a brain-based, biological disorder. Brain imaging studies and other research show many differences in the brains of individuals with ADHD. Other studies reveal that a child with ADHD is four times as likely to have had a relative also diagnosed with the condition. Is ADHD behavioral or neurological? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to control their behavior and pay attention to tasks. What are the three types of ADHD? Three major types of ADHD include the following: - ADHD, combined type. This, the most common type of ADHD, is characterized by impulsive and hyperactive behaviors as well as inattention and distractibility. - ADHD, impulsive/hyperactive type. … - ADHD, inattentive and distractible type.

<issue_start><issue_comment>Title: Future type returned by trait methods should impl Sync username_0: The methods generated by this library return `Pin<Box<dyn Future + Send + 'async>>` but leave out `Sync`. As discussed [on this internals thread](https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/what-shall-sync-mean-across-an-await/12020/17), every type that may be used in async-await should be `Sync`. It may seem meaningless for a `Future` to impl `Sync` since its only method (`poll`) takes `&mut self` so `&Future` is useless, but the problem is that as an auto trait, the `!Sync` propagates to anything that owns the `Future`. As a concrete example, I ran into this while trying to make a Hyper server that concatenates multiple objects from Amazon S3 into an HTTP response. `rusoto_s3` uses `async-trait` to define its `S3` trait. `S3::get_object` returns `Pin<Box<dyn Future + Send>>`, without Sync. When combining these futures into a stream, the resulting `Stream` therefore does not impl `Sync`. However, `hyper::Body::wrap_stream` has a `Sync` bound on its argument because the stream it is passed ends up wrapped inside a `Request` struct that needs to be `Sync` so that it can be borrowed across an `await`. <issue_comment>username_1: I am working on this <issue_comment>username_2: Yes, that one is the issue <issue_comment>username_1: That's exactly the case we ran into, and the reason why I opened #96 . I agree it's not pretty, but I don't see another solution ATM. <issue_comment>username_2: I think you can wrap the `Stream` with one that provides synchronization through a Mutex. That's ugly - but since the `Mutex` is non-contended it won't hurt the performance too much. If you feel adventurous and really really need the performance you can also wrap it in a type which fakes `Sync` (`unsafe impl Sync for Wrapper`) and have an `unsafe` method to create it. Here is another discussion around the same topic: https://github.com/username_2/futures-intrusive/issues/23 <issue_comment>username_0: If the convention were for all `Future` / `Stream` implementations to be `Sync`, very few of them would need a Mutex or StaticMutex. These traits' methods take `&mut`, so they have no reason to use a `Cell`, and code using raw pointers can safely declare their types `Sync` for the same reason. The `!Sync` mostly comes from omitting the `+ Sync` when creating trait objects. For the sake of interoperability, it seems like either (A) all `Future`/`Stream` implementers should be `Sync`, or (B) any API that accepts these types should not require `Sync`, and the ecosystem needs to agree on one of those. At the time I opened this issue, the conclusion from that thread seemed to be to make everything `Sync + Send`. You and others have since argued against that on the grounds of `Sync` being unnecessary. The part I didn't consider is that this change is not progress unless everyone agrees with solution (A). While Rusoto exposes its public API via `async-trait` and implements those traits for types it defines itself, traits in general impose their return type bounds on methods in trait implementations. So we have to pick one of solutions (A) or (B) above when it comes to traits; we can't try for both. I'm not sure which solution is ideal, but I hope the ecosystem can converge on one. Library users should not have to think about Sync when it doesn't actually mean anything for `Future`/`Stream` and implement their own mutex wrappers in order to make libraries work together. Feel free to close this for now, as this is a broader issue than this one library and not necessarily the right place for this discussion. <issue_comment>username_3: Yes please. If we can do it with classic traits, let's do it with async ones too :) Here's a [simple example](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2018&gist=cbb780261fd3240c81f6ff502f99d2d1): ``` use async_trait; // 0.1.36 fn test_ok<T:Classic>(tested:T) { is_sync(tested.sync_ok()); } fn test_nok<T:Modern>(tested:T) { is_sync(tested.sync_nok()); } fn is_sync<T: Sync>(_tested: T) {} #[async_trait::async_trait] trait Modern { type Result; async fn sync_nok(&mut self) -> Self::Result; } trait Classic { type Result; fn sync_ok<'s, 'f>( &'s mut self, ) -> Box<dyn std::future::Future<Output = Self::Result> + 'f + Send + Sync> where 's: 'f; } ``` <issue_comment>username_3: Similarly, I may desire that the trait produces a future with static lifetime. Perhaps an additional attribute over the async fn could be used to optionally specify extra traits. Something similar to pin_project's `#[pin]`: ```rust #[async_trait::async_trait] trait Modern { type Result; #[future_is('static + Sync)] async fn sync_nok(&mut self) -> Self::Result; } trait Classic { type Result; fn sync_static( &mut self, ) -> Pin<Box<dyn std::future::Future<Output = Self::Result> + 'static + Send + Sync>>; } ```

Welcome to The EnAct Lab! Engaging Action in Young People (EnAct): The EnAct lab focuses on promoting and supporting civic engagement in various forms (e.g., digitally, volunteering, activism, political) in different contexts (e.g., institutions, political, communities), led by faculty at CSUSB and in partnership with CSUSB students and institutions within the community. In our lab, we do our work with the goal of improving intergroup relations with attention to diversity, social identities, intersectionality, and equity. Some of our lab values include mentorship, community action, critical consciousness, accessibility, and collaboration. What is Civic Engagement? Actions aimed at making positive changes in your community or society more broadly. This can include things like: - political engagement (e.g. voting, campaigning for a political candidate whose policies align with your values) - social activism (e.g. attending or leading protests) - volunteering (e.g. community service in an organization that you care about) - digital engagement (e.g. sharing information online about important issues). Why is Civic Engagement important? Civic engagement benefits our communities. When people are civically engaged, they are involved in making their environments better places for themselves and others. It is especially important to have change happening from within a community, because those changes will hopefully reflect community values, goals, and priorities. Civic engagement supports individual development. Those who engage in their communities often experience a range of benefits. They report feeling more purpose in life, more hope, and are more likely to say that their futures are going to be positive. They also tend to find and develop strong community connections. When young people are engaged, they are more likely to be involved well into adulthood, further promoting these benefits. How can we support Civic Engagement in young people? Adults (e.g. teachers, mentors, parents, etc…) can be great supports for creating space for young people to participate in civic engagement. There are many specific ways adults can support the development of civic engagement actions, along with supporting young people valuing or viewing civic engagement as a priority. For example, one way to support engagement is through creating an open climate (e.g. in the classroom) where young people feel they can safely and bravely discuss their ideas and try out new ideas. Generally, it is important to lift up youth voices, concerns, and priorities – advocating with them, actively listening to them and learning from them, and reducing any barriers to their meaningful participation (e.g. transportation issues, other adults or systems silencing youth involvement).

Tomorrow is the day turkey must be gone! Turkey Breast - What went wrong? So What About The Turkey? Thermometer - where to stick it in turkey? Roasting turkey... on the oven rack? Roast Chicken: What Temperature? Questions about "The Bird" How to smoke a turkey? Price of Goose - What Happened???

Eagle Hospitality Trust raised US$565.8 million of gross proceeds from its recently completed IPO on the Singapore stock exchange and issuance of stapled securities to cornerstone investors. The offering comprised the issuance of 580,558,000 stapled securities priced at 78 U.S. cents apiece. Further, Eagle Hospitality Trust issued 144,870,000 stapled securities to cornerstone investors and 142,459,998 stapled securities as part consideration for the purchase of two portfolios from vendors. In total, the company raised US$1.18 billion of proceeds via the offering, the issuance of stapled securities and the drawdown of US$507.5 million in debt facilities. Eagle Hospitality Trust disbursed approximately US$1.16 billion for the purchase of its initial portfolio and transactions costs, and held the balance of US$23.6 million for working capital purposes. In a news release, Eagle Hospitality noted that it completed May 24 the acquisition of its initial portfolio and commenced trading in Singapore on the same day after closing its IPO, considered to be the largest on the city-state's bourse in 2019 to date. DBS Bank Ltd., which is also one of the trust's cornerstone investors, was the sole financial adviser and issue manager of Eagle Hospitality's IPO. The bank is also one of the joint global coordinators, joint book runners and underwriters of the offering, along with Merrill Lynch (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. and the respective Singapore branches of UBS AG and BNP Paribas. Deutsche Bank AG's Singapore branch and Jefferies Singapore Ltd. also served as joint book runners and underwriters, according to an earlier report.

This is a formatted document for the purpose of easy access, printing and distribution to students for the purpose of analyzing documents in AP World History Courses. If you teach AP World, you are familiar with the use of primary documents for the purpose of document analysis. Many times these documents are in a document source book and have to be copied for distribution to students; or there are electronic versions where students must read the document on-line and submit answers. The service that I have provided for you is to simply format the document with the analysis questions into an easy-to access and printable document that can be readily printed for easy distribution to students. Document analysis questions are also included so that documents can be read and analyzed individually, in a pair-share situation or use in a Group setting. Utopia (1516) Sir Thomas More 1910. Utopia. Edited by R. Robinson. New York: P.F. Collier & Son. Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) was an English statesman and philosopher most famed for his execution for refusing to acknowledge the decision of King Henry VIII and the English parliament to act contrary to Papal decisions. More was canonized as a Roman Catholic Saint in 1935. More's Utopia was modeled after Plato's Republic. In this selection More describes the religious practices of the inhabitants of this isolated island.

Economics for SSC topic Money and banking economics for ssc Money and Banking - Money is the commonly accepted medium of exchange - Economic exchanges without the mediation of money are referred to as barter exchanges - facilitation of exchanges is considered to be the principal role of money, - Money also acts as a convenient unit of account. - The value of all goods and services can be expressed in monetary units. - Money is not perishable and its storage costs are also considerably lower - Money is the most liquid of all assets in the sense that it is universally acceptable and hence can be exchanged for other commodities very easily. - Demand for money balance is thus often referred to as liquidity preference. - People desire to hold money balance broadly from two motives. - The Transaction Motive: The principal motive for holding money is to carry out transactions. - The Speculative Motive - Money consists mainly of currency notes and coins issued by the monetary authority of the country (RBI). - In India currency notes are issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which is the monetary authority in India. However, coins are issued by the Government of India. - Apart from currency notes and coins, the balance in savings, or current account deposits, held by the public in commercial banks is also considered money since cheques drawn on these accounts are used to settle transactions. Such deposits are called demand deposits as they are payable by the bank on demand from the account holder. Other deposits, e.g. fixed deposits, have a fixed period to maturity and are referred to as time deposits - The value of the currency notes and coins is derived from the guarantee provided by the issuing authority of these items. Every currency note bears on its face a promise from the Governor of RBI that if someone produces the note to RBI, or any other commercial bank, RBI will be responsible for giving the person purchasing power equal to the value printed on the note. The same is also true of coins. - Currency notes and coins are therefore called fiat money. They do not have intrinsic value like a gold or silver coin. They are also called legal tenders as they cannot be refused by any citizen of the country for settlement of any kind of transaction. Cheques drawn on savings or current accounts, however, can be refused by anyone as a mode of payment. Hence, demand deposits are not legal tenders. - Money supply, like money demand, is a stock variable. The total stock of money in circulation among the public at a particular point of time is called money supply. RBI publishes figures for four alternative measures of money supply, viz. M1, M2, M3 and M4. - They are defined as follows M1 = CU + DD M2 = M1 + Savings deposits with Post Office savings banks M3 = M1 + Net time deposits of commercial banks M4 = M3 + Total deposits with Post Office savings organisations (excluding National Savings Certificates) where, CU is currency (notes plus coins) held by the public and DD is net demand deposits held by commercial banks. The word ‘net’ implies that only deposits of the public held by the banks are to be included in money supply. The interbank deposits, which a commercial bank holds in other commercial banks, are not to be regarded as part of money supply. M1 and M2 are known as narrow money. M3 and M4 are known as broad money. These gradations are in decreasing order of liquidity. M1 is most liquid and easiest for transactions whereas M4 is least liquid of all. M3 is the most commonly used measure of money supply. It is also known as aggregate monetary resources Money Creation by the Banking System - Various actions of the monetary authority, RBI, and commercial banks are responsible for changes in the values of these items. - The preference of the public for holding cash balances vis-´a-vis deposits in banks also affect the money supply. - These influences on money supply can be summarised by the following key ratios The Currency Deposit Ratio: The currency deposit ratio (cdr) is the ratio of money held by the public in currency to that they hold in bank deposits. For example, cdr increases during the festive season as people convert deposits to cash balance for meeting extra expenditure during such periods. The Reserve Deposit Ratio: Banks hold a part of the money people keep in their bank deposits as reserve money and loan out the rest to various investment projects. Reserve money consists of two things – vault cash in banks and deposits of commercial banks with RBI. Banks use this reserve to meet the demand for cash by account holders. Reserve deposit ratio (rdr) is the proportion of the total deposits commercial banks keep as reserves Keeping reserves is costly for banks, as, otherwise, they could lend this balance to interest earning investment projects. However, RBI requires commercial banks to keep reserves in order to ensure that banks have a safe cushion of assets to draw on when account holders want to be paid. RBI uses various policy instruments to bring forth a healthy rdr in commercial banks. The first instrument is the Cash Reserve Ratio which specifies the fraction of their deposits that banks must keep with RBI. There is another tool called Statutory Liquidity Ratio which requires the banks to maintain a given fraction of their total demand and time deposits in the form of specified liquid assets. Apart from these ratios RBI uses a certain interest rate called the Bank Rate to control the value of rdr. Commercial banks can borrow money from RBI at the bank rate when they run short of reserves. A high bank rate makes such borrowing from RBI costly and, in effect, encourages the commercial banks to maintain a healthy rdr. - Commercial Banks accept deposits from the public and lend out this money to interest earning investment projects. - The rate of interest offered by the bank to deposit holders is called the ‘borrowing rate’ and the rate at which banks lend out their reserves to investors is called the ‘lending rate’. - The difference between the two rates, called ‘spread’, is the profit that is appropriated by the banks. Deposits are broadly of two types – demand deposits, payable by the banks on demand from the account holder, e.g. current and savings account deposits, and time deposits, which have a fixed period to maturity, e.g. fixed deposits. - Lending by commercial banks consists mainly of cash credit, demand and short term loans to private investors and banks’ investments in government securities and other approved bonds. - The creditworthiness of a person is judged by her current assets or the collateral (a security pledged for the repayment of a loan) High Powered Money: The total liability of the monetary authority of the country, RBI, is called the monetary base or high powered money. It consists of currency (notes and coins in circulation with the public and vault cash of commercial banks) and deposits held by the Government of India and commercial banks with RBI. If a member of the public produces a currency note to RBI the latter must pay her value equal to the figure printed on the note. Similarly, the deposits are also refundable by RBI on demand from deposit-holders. These items are claims which the general public, government or banks have on RBI and hence are considered to be the liability of RBI The Reserve Bank of India plays a crucial role here. In case of a crisis it stands by the commercial banks as a guarantor and extends loans to ensure the solvency of the latter. This system of guarantee assures individual account-holders that their banks will be able to pay their money back in case of a crisis and there is no need to panic thus avoiding bank runs. This role of the monetary authority is known as the lender of last resort Apart from acting as a banker to the commercial banks, RBI also acts as a banker to the Government of India, and also, to the state governments. It is commonly held that the government, sometimes, ‘prints money’ in case of a budget deficit, i.e., when it cannot meet its expenses (e.g. salaries to the government employees, purchase of defense equipment from a manufacturer of such goods etc) from the tax revenue it has earned. The government, however, has no legal authorityto issue currency in this fashion. So it borrows money by selling treasury bills or government securities to RBI, which issues currency to the government in return. The government then pays for its expenses with this money. The money thus ultimately comes into the hands of the general public (in the form of salary or sales proceeds of defense items etc.) and becomes a part of the money supply. Financing of budget deficits by the governments in this fashion is called Deficit Financing through Central Bank Borrowing However, the most important role of RBI is as the controller of money supply and credit creation in the economy. RBI is the independent authority for conducting monetary policy in the best interests of the economy – it increases or decreases the supply of high powered money in the economy and creates incentives or disincentives for the commercial banks to give loans or credits to investors. The instruments which RBI uses for conducting monetary policy are as follows Open Market Operations: RBI purchases (or sells) government securities to the general public in a bid to increase (or decrease) the stock of high powered money in the economy. Suppose RBI purchases Rs 100 worth government securities from the bond market. It will issue a cheque of Rs 100 on itself to the seller of the bond i.e. if a person or institution possessing the cheque produces it to RBI. RBI must pay equivalent amount of money to the person or the institution. The seller will deposit the cheque in her bank, which, in turn, will credit the seller’s account with a balance of Rs 100. The bank’s deposits go up by Rs 100 which is a liability to the bank. However, its assets also go up by Rs 100 by the possession of this cheque, which is a claim on RBI. The bank will deposit this cheque to RBI which, in turn, will credit the bank’s account with RBI with Rs 100. The changes in RBI’s balance sheet are shown in above Table Total liability of RBI, or, by definition, the supply of high powered money in the economy has gone up by Rs 100. If RBI wishes to reduce the supply of high powered money it undertakes an open market sale of government securities of its own holding in just the reverse fashion, thereby reducing the monetary base. Bank Rate Policy: As mentioned earlier, RBI can affect the reserve deposit ratio of commercial banks by adjusting the value of the bank rate – which is the rate of interest commercial banks have to pay RBI – if they borrow money from it in case of shortage of reserves. A low (or high) bank rate encourages banks to keep smaller (or greater) proportion of their deposits as reserves, since borrowing from RBI is now less (or more) costly than before. As a result banks use a greater (or smaller) proportion of their resources for giving out loans to borrowers or investors, thereby enhancing (or depressing) the multiplier process via assisting (or resisting) secondary money creation. Varying Reserve Requirements: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) also work through the rdr-route. A high (or low) value of CRR or SLR helps increase (or decrease) the value of reserve deposit ratio, thus diminishing (or increasing) the value of the money multiplier and money supply in the economy in a similar fashion Sterilization by RBI: RBI often uses its instruments of money creation for stabilizing the stock of money in the economy from external shocks. Suppose due to future growth prospects in India investors from across the world increase their investments in Indian bonds which under such circumstances, are likely to yield a high rate of return. They will buy these bonds with foreign currency. Since one cannot purchase goods in the domestic market with foreign currency, a person or a financial institution who sells these bonds to foreign investors will exchange its foreign currency holding into rupee at a commercial bank. The bank, in turn, will submit this foreign currency to RBI and its deposits with RBI will be credited with equivalent sum of money. What kind of adjustments take place from this entire transaction? The commercial bank’s total reserves and deposits remain unchanged (it has purchased the foreign currency from the seller using its vault cash, which, therefore, goes down; but the bank’s deposit with RBI goes up by an equivalent amount – leaving its total reserves unchanged). There will, however, be increments in the assets and liabilities on the RBI balance sheet. RBI’s foreign exchange holding goes up. On the other hand, the deposits of commercial banks with RBI also increase by an equal amount. But that means an increase in the stock of high powered money – which, by definition, is equal to the total liability of RBI. With money multiplier in operation, this, in turn, will result in increased money supply in the economy. This increased money supply may not altogether be good for the economy’s health. If the volume of goods and services produced in the economy remains unchanged, the extra money will lead to increase in prices of all commodities. People have more money in their hands with which they compete each other in the commodities market for buying the same old stock of goods. As too much money is now chasing the same old quantities of output, the process ends up in bidding up prices of every commodity – an increase in the general price level, which is also known as inflation. RBI often intervenes with its instruments to prevent such an outcome. In the above example, RBI will undertake an open market sale of government securities of an amount equal to the amount of foreign exchange inflow in the economy, thereby keeping the stock of high powered money and total money supply unchanged. Thus it sterilises the economy against adverse external shocks. This operation of RBI is known as sterilisation. Money supply is, therefore, an important macroeconomic variable. Its overall influence on the values of the equilibrium rate of interest, price level and output of an economy is of great significance. Exchange of commodities without the mediation of money is called Barter Exchange. It suffers from lack of double coincidence of wants. Money facilitates exchanges by acting as a commonly acceptable medium of exchange. In a modern economy, people hold money broadly from two motives – transaction motive and speculative motive. Supply of money, on the other hand, consists of currency notes and coins, demand and time deposits held by commercial banks, etc. It is classified as narrow and broad money according to the decreasing order of liquidity. In India, the supply of money is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) which acts as the monetary authority of the country. Various actions of the public, the commercial banks of the country and RBI are responsible for changes in the supply of money in the economy. RBI regulates money supply by controlling the stock of high powered money, the bank rate and reserve requirements of the commercial banks. It also sterilises the money supply in the economy against external shocks. Rate of Interest Currency Deposit Ratio High Powered Money Lender of Last resort For More Articles You Can Visit On Below Links : Now Get All Notifications And Updates In Your E-mail Account Just Enter Your E-mail Address Below And Verify Your Account To Get More Updates :

Idk, I think it's fine to go into a relationship with the expectation that it's temporary and mostly for fun. Especially when you're young. I think they're just saying that you shouldn't try to settle down until you've taken the time to explore what's out there. Obviously there are exceptions. If you meet someone who completely blows you away, you definitely need to lock that down while you have the chance. I think it's more trying to speak to people who would waste like 5 of their prime years on a relationship that probably won't work long term just because they think they're supposed to, not because that's what they actually want. The best time to explore is in your twenties. If you're not taking the opportunity to do that, it should be for a good reason.

the characters canonically have things happen that aren't shown on screen. we can't say that it's never brought up again, only that we don't see it brought up in the ~130 hours we see of them in a *7 year journey* that said, I wasn't that bothered by her choice. it's a military vessel. it's well within her authority to order someone to their death to save others. no different from ordering a crewman into a fire fight or restoring critical systems at the cost of their own life. that's what everyone (minus naomi and maybe kes) signed up for.

You never know with cartoon artists. Maybe it's because artists are introverted. Maybe it's because the job takes a lot of time and so they don't have time to talk to real people. Some people above mentioned Dilbert, in the context that it's more of "old man yells at cloud" nowadays, rather than "complaining about your boss", especially since it's unclear if an artist even works at an office or has a boss to take inspiration from. Then there's been "Stay Still Stay Silent" where the author wrapped up second arc of the cool post-apocalyptic comic, and then made a one-shot "inspired by her newfound faith" about how christians and bible-readers are oppressed and not allowed to read their favourite bible anymore and the book gets constantly revised, and so all the remaining bible-readers need to get together, take their families, and go live in a happy place in the woods, further away from civilization with its evil internet and anti-bible politics and all that. So like, that person's in a cult now. And then there's absolutely Sinfest, somehow staying daily updated for decades now, has managed to swerve from just comedy (wannabe casanova idiot, god and satan, cute demoness/nerd romance, world is confirmed to be fantasy, and there's a Reality Hazard Zone where magic stops working, pig-man turns into a realistic pig, etc) to parody-tier leftist caricature (incorrigible feminists on tricycles, fighting against satan literally running the world with flying spy cameras and Sex Robots as metaphor for oppressed and abused all the women, one girl changing her haircut and immediately becoming a lesbian, the dramatic love/hate story between Uncle Sam and Lady Liberty), to far-right caricature (satan still running the world, but now instead it's trans=demons, vaccinated people go to hell, red pill delivery devices, smoke your copium to forget about pedophilic corporate elite and the batman-inspired two-faced president) And it does that with zero hesitation, meanwhile some apolitical subplots just keep going with 0 change through the years.

Parents often find it alarmingly difficult to make contact with teachers. Many are amazed to discover that telephone messages they leave at the school go unanswered, and often assume (not unreasonably!) that the teacher is simply ignoring their requests. Not surprisingly, parental anger at this state of affairs tends to grow by the day. Of course, from the teacher’s perspective, things look quite different. While a phone call may be the most convenient way for a working parent to communicate, school offices are almost perfect environments for mis-communication, and parental messages are often lost, misfiled or even absconded with deliberately. The likelihood of lost or inaccurate communication is very high. If you are fortunate enough to have a teacher's e-mail address, take full advantage of it. If not, the best way to get important information to your child’s teacher is a written message, delivered by your child in a sealed envelope. Written notes are generally well thought out and detailed (unlike the typical phone message). Teachers can read them carefully and respond to them thoughtfully at calm moments. Always be clear about the nature of the response you hope to receive and the urgency you feel about receiving it. If you prefer to be reached in a particular way – cell phone, work phone, written mail or personal meeting – specify that as well. How long should you wait to send a second request? Two to three days should be sufficient time for a response. Most teachers, like most workers, want to do their jobs well and that includes working with parents to make a student's job easier. It is in everyone's best interests to maintain good communications skills and by doing so you set a superb example for your child.

INGRID FAN Special to The Standard Plant-based eating has become very popular. A plant-based eater consumes mostly foods that come from plants, including vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and seeds, and legumes including lentils, dried beans and peas. Some people choose to eat strictly a plant-based diet, but others may choose to also include animal foods like poultry, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products. However, these animal foods will typically only make up a small portion of the overall diet. Why go meatless or restrict animal foods? Plant-based eating has been associated with a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes and cancer, and can be helpful in maintaining a healthy weight. Eating more plant-based foods can also help the environment! Animal agriculture is a significant contributor to global warming and environmental damage, so reducing the demand for meat production can help reduce our carbon footprint. You can meet all your nutrient needs by eating a plant-based diet, as long as it is properly planned. When you are ready to add plant power to your next party, try including some of these ideas: Vegetarian burgers. It is so important to include a protein source at every meal. When eating plant-based, protein should come from plant foods like nuts, seeds and legumes. So turn those beef burgers into black bean burgers instead! Find a recipe, or grab a prepared option at the store. You can also experiment with other meat substitutes, including tofu and texturized vegetable protein (TVP). Veggie skewers. Much more than meat can be grilled on the barbeque. Try layering chunks of colourful veggies like onion, peppers, mushrooms and zucchini on a skewer for an easy side dish. Vegetables cook quickly on the grill, and do not need any marinade to make them taste delicious. Grill your fruit. If you have never cooked fruit on the barbeque, you are missing out! The grilling process caramelizes the sugar in fruit, creating a decadent dessert that is rich in good nutrition. It’s easy to find locally-grown produce in your local grocery stores or at Farmer’s Markets, plus it’s a great way to keep your carbon footprint small support local farmers. Bean-based sides. Take advantage of a variety of bean dishes at your next gathering. Blend them up into a hummus dip for veggies, add them as a layer to your nacho dip, or use them as a main in a six-bean salad. Salads are also a great dish to serve with grilled meats. A cool and refreshing summer salad can become the main attraction of your meal! If you are new to plant-based eating, give this recipe featuring grilled chicken with a corn and black bean salad a try. Brushing the smoky-sweet barbecue sauce on near the end of cooking ensures it doesn’t burn on the grill and gives the chicken a nice glossy sheen. Sprinkle with sprigs of fresh cilantro and serve with plenty of lime wedges for squeezing over top. For more recipe ideas, or to book a free consultation or grocery store tour, visit Ingrid at the local Zehrs Uxbridge or call 905-904-0190 or email her at: Ingrid.Fan@loblaw.ca for more information! She offers complimentary services, such as personalized counseling for individuals, couples, or families with specific conditions or needs, grocery-store tours for groups of all ages, meal-planning/recipe makeovers, educational cooking classes/workshops, and much more. We reserve the right to remove any and all comments for any reason. Comments with swearing will be deleted without exception.

Kerala Assembly saw unprecedented violence on Friday as Opposition leaders clashed with MLAs of the ruling Congress-led United Democratic Front, refusing to let finance minister KM Mani present the budget because of corruption charges against him. The ruckus came after a dramatic night when Mani and some of his colleagues locked themselves inside the assembly to thwart the Opposition’s attempts to prevent him from delivering the speech. Members of the LDF also stayed inside the assembly overnight. UDF members and security staff had to form a strong cordon to prevent the Opposition from physically obstructing Mani. At a press conference later, Congress MLA K Sivadasan Nair took off his shirt to show bite marks and a CPI (M) legislator alleged she was partially disrobed in the chaos. Police used water cannons and lathis to disperse thousands of LDF workers who had laid siege to the building. An LDF supporter who had arrived for the protests died of a heart attack. At least nine MLAs were injured in the chaos and many security personnel sustained minor injuries. “It was a black day for the state. It is a shame the house turned a battleground. It is high time for the angry members to introspect,” said a visibly upset chief minister Oommen Chandy. Speaker N Sakthan said he would take action against the erring members who destroyed his chamber.

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Flat desk inlaid with violet wood quartets... Flat desk inlaid with violet wood quartets in curling frames of the same species; in a moving shape, the top is surrounded by a bronze corbin; it opens with three drawers and rests on arched legs. Havana leather tray decorated with golden vignettes.

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Sallie Krawcheck (AB ’87) has experienced her share of highs and lows during her 25 years in business. She went from being one of most powerful women on Wall Street – featured by Fortune and Forbes on their lists of influential women – to being fired twice, quite publicly, only to rise back to the top as the owner of a 30,000-woman-strong business network. Krawcheck shared what she learned from her experiences at the eighth annual Carolina Women in Business conference at UNC Kenan-Flagler. She began by saying that it was “good to be back home.” The Charleston native attended UNC on the oldest, most prestigious scholarship in the United States, now known as the Morehead-Cain. Attending UNC was the “biggest friggin’ deal of my life,” she said. After she graduated with a journalism degree and a second major in political science, she went to New York to work at Salomon Brothers. She became chairman and CEO of Bernstein, and attributes her success in part to having a sponsor there who guided and invested in her. “He was my mentor, but more importantly he was my sponsor,” she said. Sandy Weill, then head of Citigroup, hired her as chairman and CEO of Smith Barney, where she oversaw global wealth management and later served as CFO and head of strategy for Citigroup Inc. She left in 2008 after she pushed the bank to help clients who had lost money on investments sold as low risk investments. In 2009, Bank of America named her as president to turn around the Merrill Lynch global management unit. When the CEO who hired her left the firm, she was left without a sponsor, which can be “very painful” for your career. She made her numbers and “kept her nose clean,” but the firm let her go in 2011. Today, Krawcheck aims to help more women break into the upper rungs of business through Ellevate, a network that provides advice, connections and business opportunities. When women are in leadership roles, firms experience higher returns, lower risk, more innovation, less pay disparity, more focus – “only good things happen when a more diverse management team is in place,” she said. Women face additional hurdles in business, she said, and “societal expectations can be huge.” Don’t take in media messages of perfection and “doing it all,” she warned. Figure out what you can let slide and recognize that your career is a marathon, not a sprint. Krawcheck is “sick of people giving women advice,” so instead she shared 10 hard-won lessons. Choose your husband or partner very carefully. If your home life is not set, it’s impossible to move forward. Ask for the money. Men tend to make more money because they negotiate their salaries from the very start; women don’t. Ask for the order. Women are often shy about pursuing business opportunities. Get comfortable taking risks by understanding the downside. Understand that life isn’t fair. Typically women are allowed a narrower emotional range at work. It’s not fair or right – you just have to navigate it. But have a sense of humor about it.