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Q103 | null | Project. Hi my name is [NAME] and I'm doing a school project about leukemia and I was wondering if you can anwser some of my questions please.1. What cause leukemia cancer?2. Can you survive leukemia?3. How does leukemia affect your body?4. Is leukemia inherited?5. What is advanced leukemia?6. How long can someone with leukemia expect to live?7. Can you tell if you have leukemia?8. What treatments do you need to take?9. What are the signs of leukemia?10. What is the difference between AML and CML ? | leukemia | treatment | Q103-S6-A4 | 256 | Standard treatments for leukemia include chemotherapy, biological therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Some patients receive a combination of treatments. Learn more about treatments for acute myeloid leukemia. Learn more about treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. |
Q103 | null | Project. Hi my name is [NAME] and I'm doing a school project about leukemia and I was wondering if you can anwser some of my questions please.1. What cause leukemia cancer?2. Can you survive leukemia?3. How does leukemia affect your body?4. Is leukemia inherited?5. What is advanced leukemia?6. How long can someone with leukemia expect to live?7. Can you tell if you have leukemia?8. What treatments do you need to take?9. What are the signs of leukemia?10. What is the difference between AML and CML ? | leukemia | treatment | Q103-S6-A5 | 257 | Researchers are studying various drugs, immunotherapies, and other types of treatments. Because leukemia is a complicated disease, researchers are also studying the effectiveness of using combinations of treatments. Following are a few examples of some areas of current research. The drug imatinib (Gleevec®) is important in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, imatinib stops working in some people with leukemia because the cells become resistant. Fortunately, two drugs, dasatinib (Sprycel®) and nilotinib (Tasigna®), are being used to treat people who stop responding to imatinib. Both are approved by the FDA for use in patients. These drugs work against the same abnormal protein targeted by imatinib, but in different ways. Gene therapy -- replacing, manipulating, or supplementing nonfunctional genes with healthy genes -- is being explored for treatment of leukemia. It is being studied as a way to stimulate a patient's immune system to kill leukemia cells and also to interfere with the production of proteins that cause cells to become cancerous. Learn more about ongoing leukemia research. |
Q103 | null | Project. Hi my name is [NAME] and I'm doing a school project about leukemia and I was wondering if you can anwser some of my questions please.1. What cause leukemia cancer?2. Can you survive leukemia?3. How does leukemia affect your body?4. Is leukemia inherited?5. What is advanced leukemia?6. How long can someone with leukemia expect to live?7. Can you tell if you have leukemia?8. What treatments do you need to take?9. What are the signs of leukemia?10. What is the difference between AML and CML ? | leukemia | symptom | Q103-S7-A1 | 258 | During the early stages of leukemia, there may be no symptoms. Many of the symptoms of leukemia don't become apparent until a large number of normal blood cells are crowded out by leukemia cells. Symptoms of Chronic and Acute Leukemia In chronic leukemia, symptoms develop gradually and, in the beginning, are generally not as severe as in acute leukemia. Chronic leukemia is usually found during a routine doctor's exam before symptoms are present. When symptoms appear, they generally are mild at first and gradually get worse, but sometimes they don't worsen until many years after an initial diagnosis. Recently, researchers discovered that abnormal white blood cells can be present in the blood of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients a number of years before a diagnosis. This finding may lead to a better understanding of the cellular changes that occur in the earliest stages of the disease and how the disease progresses. In acute leukemia, symptoms usually appear and get worse quickly. People with this disease usually go to their doctor because they feel sick. White Blood Cell Levels May Be High People with leukemia may have very high levels of white blood cells, but because the cells are abnormal, they are unable to fight infection. Therefore, patients may develop frequent fevers or infections. A shortage of red blood cells, called anemia, can cause a person to feel tired. Not having enough blood platelets may cause a person to bleed and bruise easily. Some symptoms depend on where leukemia cells collect in the body. Leukemia cells can collect in many different tissues and organs, such as the digestive tract, kidneys, lungs, lymph nodes, or other parts of the body, including the eyes, brain, and testicles. Other Common Symptoms Other common symptoms of leukemia include headache, weight loss, pain in the bones or joints, swelling or discomfort in the abdomen (from an enlarged spleen), and swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck or armpit. Symptoms of acute leukemia may include vomiting, confusion, loss of muscle control, and seizures. Some of the symptoms of leukemia are similar to those caused by the flu or other common diseases, so these symptoms are not sure signs of leukemia. It is important to check with your doctor if you have these symptoms. Only a doctor can diagnose and treat leukemia. Diagnosing Leukemia: Physical Exam, Blood Tests, Biopsy To find the cause of leukemia symptoms, the doctor will ask about medical history and conduct a physical exam. During the exam, the doctor will check for signs of disease such as lumps, swelling in the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver, or anything else that seems unusual. The doctor will need to do blood tests that check the levels and types of blood cells and look for changes in the shape of blood cells. The doctor also may look at certain factors in the blood to see if leukemia has affected other organs such as the liver or kidneys. Even if blood tests suggest leukemia, the doctor may look for signs of leukemia in the bone marrow by doing a biopsy before making a diagnosis. A biopsy is a procedure where a small amount of bone marrow is removed from a bone. A pathologist examines the sample under a microscope to look for abnormal cells. There are two ways the doctor can obtain bone marrow. In a bone marrow aspiration, marrow is collected by inserting a needle into the hipbone or another large bone and removing a small amount of bone marrow. A bone marrow biopsy is performed with a larger needle and removes bone marrow and a small piece of bone. If Leukemia Cells Are Found If leukemia cells are found in the bone marrow sample, the doctor may perform more tests to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. The doctor may collect a sample of the fluid around the brain and spinal cord by performing a spinal tap and checking for leukemia cells or other signs of problems. Computed tomography (CT) scans, and ultrasounds are tests used to determine if leukemia has spread from the bone marrow. These tests produce pictures of the inside of the body. With these tests, the doctor looks for abnormalities such as enlarged organs or signs of infection. |
Q103 | null | Project. Hi my name is [NAME] and I'm doing a school project about leukemia and I was wondering if you can anwser some of my questions please.1. What cause leukemia cancer?2. Can you survive leukemia?3. How does leukemia affect your body?4. Is leukemia inherited?5. What is advanced leukemia?6. How long can someone with leukemia expect to live?7. Can you tell if you have leukemia?8. What treatments do you need to take?9. What are the signs of leukemia?10. What is the difference between AML and CML ? | leukemia | symptom | Q103-S7-A2 | 259 | Common symptoms of leukemia may include - fevers - frequent infections - feeling weak or tired - headache - bleeding and bruising easily - pain in the bones or joints - swelling or discomfort in the abdomen (from an enlarged spleen) - swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck or armpit - weight loss. fevers frequent infections feeling weak or tired headache bleeding and bruising easily pain in the bones or joints swelling or discomfort in the abdomen (from an enlarged spleen) swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck or armpit weight loss. Symptoms of acute leukemia may include vomiting, confusion, loss of muscle control, and seizures. |
Q104 | null | I have been dealing with an autoimmune disease for almost 4 years now, I've been tested for many things and the doctors can't seem to find what excactly is wrong. It began with pain, swelling and stiffness in my feet and toes.A lot of the pain is joint stiff n ess and my skin feels like its being burned. Over time it has moved into my knees also. I am always tired. Recently I've been getting pains in my stomache and feeling sick. Does any of this sound like Lupus?? I've tested negative for it before, but the more I read about it I feel that's what i could have. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated. | lupus | symptom | Q104-S1-A1 | 260 | Lupus can have many symptoms, and they differ from person to person. Some of the more common ones are Pain or swelling in joints Muscle pain Fever with no known cause Red rashes, most often on the face (also called the "butterfly rash") Chest pain when taking a deep breath Hair loss Pale or purple fingers or toes Sensitivity to the sun Swelling in legs or around eyes Mouth ulcers Swollen glands Feeling very tired Symptoms may come and go. When you are having symptoms, it is called a flare. Flares can range from mild to severe. New symptoms may appear at any time. |
Q105 | null | EMAIL: [EMAIL] FROM: http://m.medlineplus.gov/medlineplus.htm BROWSER: NokiaX2-01/5.0 (07.10) Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1 Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/420 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/420 DATE: 01/06/2014 MESSAGE: My question is.wat is the treatment for chronic gonorrhea, massive growth? | gonorrhea | treatment | Q105-S1-A1 | 261 | A number of different antibiotics may be used for treating this type of infection. - You may receive one large dose of oral antibiotics or take a smaller dose for seven days. - You may be given an antibiotic injection or shot, and then perhaps be sent home with antibiotic pills. - More severe cases of PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) may require you to stay in the hospital. Antibiotics are first given by IV. - Never treat yourself without being seen by your doctor first. Your health care provider will determine the best treatment. About half of the women with gonorrhea are also infected with chlamydia. Chlamydia is treated at the same time as a gonorrhea infection. You will need a follow-up visit 7 days after if your symptoms include joint pain, skin rash, or more severe pelvic or belly pain. Tests will be done to make sure the infection is gone. Sexual partners must be tested and treated to prevent passing the infection back and forth. You and your partner must finish all of the antibiotics. Use condoms until you both have finished taking your antibiotics. All sexual contacts of the person with gonorrhea should be contacted and tested. This helps prevent further spread of the infection. - In some places you may be able to take information and medicines to your sexual partner yourself. - In other places, the health department will contact your partner. |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A1 | 262 | Treatment depends on many things, including your Gleason score and your overall health. Your doctor will discuss your treatment options with you. If the cancer has not spread outside the prostate gland, common treatments include: - Surgery (radical prostatectomy) - Radiation therapy, including brachytherapy and proton therapy If you are older, your doctor may recommend simply monitoring the cancer with PSA tests and biopsies. Hormone therapy is mainly used for cancer that has spread beyond the prostate. It helps relieve symptoms and prevents further growth and spread of the cancer. But it does not cure the cancer. If prostate cancer spreads even after hormone therapy, surgery, or radiation has been tried, treatment may include: - Chemotherapy - Immunotherapy (medicine to trigger the immune system to attack and kill cancer cells) Surgery, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy can affect your sexual performance. Problems with urine control are possible after surgery and radiation therapy. Discuss your concerns with your health care provider. After treatment for prostate cancer, you will be closely watched to make sure the cancer does not spread. This involves routine checkups, including PSA blood tests (usually every 3 months to 1 year). |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A2 | 263 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of prostate cancer: - American College of Radiology: Prostate Cancer Radiation Treatment - Genetic Testing Registry: Familial prostate cancer - Genetic Testing Registry: Prostate cancer, hereditary, 2 - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Prostate Brachytherapy - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Prostate Cancer Staging - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Prostate Cancer Treatment - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Radical Prostatectomy - MedlinePlus Health Topic: Prostate Cancer Screening - National Cancer Institute: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A3 | 264 | If tests show that you have cancer, you should talk with your doctor in order to make treatment decisions. Working With a Team of Specialists A team of specialists often treats people with cancer. The team will keep the primary doctor informed about the patient's progress. The team may include a medical oncologist who is a specialist in cancer treatment, a surgeon, a radiation oncologist who is a specialist in radiation therapy, and others. Before starting treatment, you may want another doctor to review the diagnosis and treatment plan. Some insurance companies require a second opinion. Others may pay for a second opinion if you request it. Clinical Trials for Prostate Cancer Some prostate cancer patients take part in studies of new treatments. These studies -- called clinical trials -- are designed to find out whether a new treatment is safe and effective. Often, clinical trials compare a new treatment with a standard one so that doctors can learn which is more effective. Men with prostate cancer who are interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through its National Library of Medicine and other Institutes, maintains a database of clinical trials at ClinicalTrials.gov. Click here to see a list of the current clinical trials on prostate cancer. A separate window will open. Click the "x" in the upper right hand corner of the "Clinical Trials" window to return here. |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A4 | 265 | Choosing Treatment There are a number of ways to treat prostate cancer, and the doctor will develop a treatment to fit each man's needs. The choice of treatment mostly depends on the stage of the disease and the grade of the tumor. But doctors also consider a man's age, general health, and his feelings about the treatments and their possible side effects. Treatment for prostate cancer may involve watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, or hormonal therapy. Some men receive a combination of therapies. A cure is the goal for men whose prostate cancer is diagnosed early. Weighing Treatment Options You and your doctor will want to consider both the benefits and possible side effects of each option, especially the effects on sexual activity and urination, and other concerns about quality of life. Surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy all have the potential to disrupt sexual desire or performance for a short while or permanently. Discuss your concerns with your health care provider. Several options are available to help you manage sexual problems related to prostate cancer treatment. Watchful Waiting The doctor may suggest watchful waiting for some men who have prostate cancer that is found at an early stage and appears to be growing slowly. Also, watchful waiting may be advised for older men or men with other serious medical problems. For these men, the risks and possible side effects of surgery, radiation therapy, or hormonal therapy may outweigh the possible benefits. Doctors monitor these patients with regular check-ups. If symptoms appear or get worse, the doctor may recommend active treatment. Surgery Surgery is used to remove the cancer. It is a common treatment for early stage prostate cancer. The surgeon may remove the entire prostate with a type of surgery called radical prostatectomy or, in some cases, remove only part of it. Sometimes the surgeon will also remove nearby lymph nodes. Side effects of the operation may include lack of sexual function or impotence, or problems holding urine or incontinence. Improvements in surgery now make it possible for some men to keep their sexual function. In some cases, doctors can use a technique known as nerve-sparing surgery. This may save the nerves that control erection. However, men with large tumors or tumors that are very close to the nerves may not be able to have this surgery. Some men with trouble holding urine may regain control within several weeks of surgery. Others continue to have problems that require them to wear a pad. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Doctors may recommend it instead of surgery, or after surgery, to destroy any cancer cells that may remain in the area. In advanced stages, the doctor may recommend radiation to relieve pain or other symptoms. It may also be used in combination with hormonal therapy. Radiation can cause problems with impotence and bowel function. The radiation may come from a machine, which is external radiation, or from tiny radioactive seeds placed inside or near the tumor, which is internal radiation. Men who receive only the radioactive seeds usually have small tumors. Some men receive both kinds of radiation therapy. For external radiation therapy, patients go to the hospital or clinic -- usually for several weeks. Internal radiation may require patients to stay in the hospital for a short time. Hormonal Therapy Hormonal therapy deprives cancer cells of the male hormones they need to grow and survive. This treatment is often used for prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Sometimes doctors use hormonal therapy to try to keep the cancer from coming back after surgery or radiation treatment. Side effects can include impotence, hot flashes, loss of sexual desire, and thinning of bones. Some hormone therapies increase the risk of blood clots. Monitoring Treatment Regardless of the type of treatment you receive, you will be closely monitored to see how well the treatment is working. Monitoring may include - a PSA blood test -- usually every 3 months to 1 year. - bone scan and/or CT scan to see if the cancer has spread. - a complete blood count to monitor for signs and symptoms of anemia. - looking for signs or symptoms that the disease might be progressing, such as fatigue, increased pain, or decreased bowel and bladder function. a PSA blood test -- usually every 3 months to 1 year. bone scan and/or CT scan to see if the cancer has spread. a complete blood count to monitor for signs and symptoms of anemia. looking for signs or symptoms that the disease might be progressing, such as fatigue, increased pain, or decreased bowel and bladder function. |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A5 | 266 | There are a number of ways to treat prostate cancer, and the doctor will develop a treatment to fit each man's needs. The choice of treatment mostly depends on the stage of the disease and the grade of the tumor. But doctors also consider a man's age, general health, and his feelings about the treatments and their possible side effects. Treatment for prostate cancer may involve watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, or hormonal therapy. Some men receive a combination of therapies. A cure is probable for men whose prostate cancer is diagnosed early. |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A6 | 267 | Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Doctors may recommend it instead of surgery or after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that may remain in the area. In advanced stages, the doctor may recommend it to relieve pain or other symptoms. Radiation can cause problems with impotence and bowel function. The radiation may come from a machine, which is external radiation, or from tiny radioactive seeds placed inside or near the tumor, which is internal radiation. Men who receive only the radioactive seeds usually have small tumors. Some men receive both kinds of radiation therapy. For external radiation therapy, patients go to the hospital or clinic -- usually 5 days a week for several weeks. Internal radiation may require patients to stay in the hospital for a short time. |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A7 | 268 | Hormonal therapy deprives cancer cells of the male hormones they need to grow and survive. This treatment is often used for prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body. Sometimes doctors use hormonal therapy to try to keep the cancer from coming back after surgery or radiation treatment. Side effects can include impotence, hot flashes, loss of sexual desire, and thinning of bones. |
Q106 | prostate cancer using seeds aimed at maligmem tumors | is this a safe decision | prostate cancer | treatment | Q106-S1-A8 | 269 | Through research, doctors are trying to find new, more effective ways to treat prostate cancer. Cryosurgery -- destroying cancer by freezing it -- is under study as an alternative to surgery and radiation therapy. To avoid damaging healthy tissue, the doctor places an instrument known as a cryoprobe in direct contact with the tumor to freeze it. Doctors are studying new ways of using radiation therapy and hormonal therapy, too. Studies have shown that hormonal therapy given after radiation therapy can help certain men whose cancer has spread to nearby tissues. Scientists are also testing the effectiveness of chemotherapy and biological therapy for men whose cancer does not respond or stops responding to hormonal therapy. They are also exploring new ways to schedule and combine various treatments. For example, they are studying hormonal therapy to find out if using it to shrink the tumor before a man has surgery or radiation might be a useful approach. They are also testing combinations of hormone therapy and vaccines to prevent recurrence of prostate cancer. In 2010, the FDA approved a therapeutic cancer vaccine, Provenge, for use in some men with metastatic prostate cancer. This approval was based on the results of a clinical trial that demonstrated a more than 4-month improvement in overall survival compared with a placebo vaccine. Other similar vaccine therapies are in development. |
Q107 | Hair loss Information Required | Can you provide something to help grow my hair back? I need my hair back as im the spitting double of Dr evil with no hair. | hair loss | treatment | Q107-S1-A1 | 270 | If hair loss is not widespread, the hair will often regrow in a few months without treatment. For more severe hair loss, it is not clear how much treatment can help change the course of the condition. Common treatments may include: - Steroid injection under the skin surface - Medicines applied to the skin - Ultraviolet light therapy Wigs may be used to hide areas of hair loss. |
Q107 | Hair loss Information Required | Can you provide something to help grow my hair back? I need my hair back as im the spitting double of Dr evil with no hair. | hair loss | treatment | Q107-S1-A2 | 271 | • Hair Transplants (American Society for Dermatologic Surgery) • Lavender |
Q108 | help with obesity | I would like help on my obesity problem and if I can get help | obesity | treatment | Q108-S1-A1 | 272 | CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE An active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. You may need a lot of support from family and friends. Your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them part of your daily routine. Many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. You may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. You need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. Know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle. Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about: - Healthy food choices - Healthy snacks - Reading nutrition labels - New ways to prepare food - Portion sizes - Sweetened drinks Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. These types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again. Learn ways to manage stress other than snacking. Examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. If you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your provider. MEDICINES AND HERBAL REMEDIES You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. Some of these claims may not be true. And some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your provider before using them. You can discuss weight loss medicines with your doctor. Many people lose at least 5 pounds by taking these drugs, but they may regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine unless they have made lifestyle changes. SURGERY Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery can reduce the risk of certain diseases in people with severe obesity. These risks include: - Arthritis - Diabetes - Heart disease - High blood pressure - Sleep apnea - Some cancers - Stroke Surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine. Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. Talk to your doctor to learn if surgery is a good option for you. Weight-loss surgeries include: - Laparoscopic gastric banding - Gastric bypass surgery - Sleeve gastrectomy (less common) - Duodenal switch |
Q108 | help with obesity | I would like help on my obesity problem and if I can get help | obesity | treatment | Q108-S1-A2 | 273 | CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE An active lifestyle and plenty of exercise, along with healthy eating, is the safest way to lose weight. Even modest weight loss can improve your health. You may need a lot of support from family and friends. Your main goal should be to learn new, healthy ways of eating and make them part of your daily routine. Many people find it hard to change their eating habits and behaviors. You may have practiced some habits for so long that you may not even know they are unhealthy, or you do them without thinking. You need to be motivated to make lifestyle changes. Make the behavior change part of your life over the long term. Know that it takes time to make and keep a change in your lifestyle. Work with your health care provider and dietitian to set realistic, safe daily calorie counts that help you lose weight while staying healthy. Remember that if you drop pounds slowly and steadily, you are more likely to keep them off. Your dietitian can teach you about: - Healthy food choices - Healthy snacks - Reading nutrition labels - New ways to prepare food - Portion sizes - Sweetened drinks Extreme diets (fewer than 1,100 calories per day) are not thought to be safe or to work very well. These types of diets often do not contain enough vitamins and minerals. Most people who lose weight this way return to overeating and become obese again. Learn ways to manage stress other than snacking. Examples may be meditation, yoga, or exercise. If you are depressed or stressed a lot, talk to your provider. MEDICINES AND HERBAL REMEDIES You may see ads for supplements and herbal remedies that claim they will help you lose weight. Some of these claims may not be true. And some of these supplements can have serious side effects. Talk to your provider before using them. You can discuss weight loss medicines with your doctor. Many people lose at least 5 pounds by taking these drugs, but they may regain the weight when they stop taking the medicine unless they have made lifestyle changes. SURGERY Bariatric (weight-loss) surgery can reduce the risk of certain diseases in people with severe obesity. These risks include: - Arthritis - Diabetes - Heart disease - High blood pressure - Sleep apnea - Some cancers - Stroke Surgery may help people who have been very obese for 5 years or more and have not lost weight from other treatments, such as diet, exercise, or medicine. Surgery alone is not the answer for weight loss. It can train you to eat less, but you still have to do much of the work. You must be committed to diet and exercise after surgery. Talk to your doctor to learn if surgery is a good option for you. Weight-loss surgeries include: - Laparoscopic gastric banding - Gastric bypass surgery - Sleeve gastrectomy (less common) - Duodenal switch |
Q109 | vaginal yeast infection | Hey, my name is [NAME]. Last night my vaginal area was itching but I didn't think to much of it. Well when I woke up this morning it started itching out of control. I don't see discharge coming from the vaginal area. Now I do use Summer's Eve vaginal spray, I don't know if it is a vaginal yeast infection or not, but how should I go about this process. | vaginal yeast infection | diagnosis | Q109-S1-A1 | 274 | You will have a pelvic exam. It may show: - Swelling and redness of the skin of the vulva, in the vagina, and on the cervix - Dry, white spots on the vaginal wall - Cracks in the skin of the vulva. A small amount of the vaginal discharge is examined using a microscope. This is called a wet mount and KOH test. Sometimes, a culture is taken when the infection does not get better with treatment or comes back many times. Your health care provider may order other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms. |
Q109 | vaginal yeast infection | Hey, my name is [NAME]. Last night my vaginal area was itching but I didn't think to much of it. Well when I woke up this morning it started itching out of control. I don't see discharge coming from the vaginal area. Now I do use Summer's Eve vaginal spray, I don't know if it is a vaginal yeast infection or not, but how should I go about this process. | vaginal yeast infection | treatment | Q109-S2-A1 | 275 | Medicines to treat vaginal yeast infections are available as creams, ointments, vaginal tablets or suppositories. Most can be bought without needing to see your health care provider. Treating yourself at home is probably OK if: - Your symptoms are mild and you do not have pelvic pain or a fever - This is not your first yeast infection and you have not had many yeast infections in the past - You are not pregnant - You are not worried about other sexually transmitted infections from recent sexual contact Medicines you can buy yourself to treat a vaginal yeast infection are: - Miconazole - Clotrimazole - Tioconazole - Butoconazole When using these medicines: - Read the packages carefully and use them as directed. - You will need to take the medicine for 1 - 7 days, depending on which medicine you buy. (If you do not get repeated infections, a 1-day medicine might work for you.) - Do not stop using these medicines early because your symptoms are better. You doctor can also prescribe a pill that you only take by mouth once. If your symptoms are worse or you get vaginal yeast infections often, you may need: - Medicine for up to 14 days - Clotrimazole vaginal suppository or fluconazole pill every week to prevent new infections To help prevent and treat vaginal discharge: - Keep your genital area clean and dry. Avoid soap and rinse with water only. Sitting in a warm, but not hot, bath may help your symptoms. - Avoid douching. Although many women feel cleaner if they douche after their period or intercourse, it may worsen vaginal discharge. Douching removes healthy bacteria lining the vagina that protect against infection. - Eat yogurt with live cultures or take Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets when you are on antibiotics. This will help to prevent a yeast infection. - Use condoms to avoid catching or spreading infections. - Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays, fragrances, or powders in the genital area. - Avoid wearing tight-fitting pants or shorts, which may cause irritation. - Wear cotton underwear or cotton-crotch pantyhose. Avoid underwear made of silk or nylon, because they can increase sweating in the genital area, which can cause irritation. - Use pads and not tampons. - Keep your blood sugar levels under good control if you have diabetes. - Avoid wearing wet bathing suits or exercise clothing for long periods of time. Wash sweaty or wet clothes after each use. |
Q109 | vaginal yeast infection | Hey, my name is [NAME]. Last night my vaginal area was itching but I didn't think to much of it. Well when I woke up this morning it started itching out of control. I don't see discharge coming from the vaginal area. Now I do use Summer's Eve vaginal spray, I don't know if it is a vaginal yeast infection or not, but how should I go about this process. | vaginal yeast infection | treatment | Q109-S2-A2 | 276 | Medicines to treat vaginal yeast infections are available as creams, ointments, vaginal tablets or suppositories. Most can be bought without needing to see your health care provider. Treating yourself at home is probably OK if: - Your symptoms are mild and you do not have pelvic pain or a fever - This is not your first yeast infection and you have not had many yeast infections in the past - You are not pregnant - You are not worried about other sexually transmitted infections from recent sexual contact Medicines you can buy yourself to treat a vaginal yeast infection are: - Miconazole - Clotrimazole - Tioconazole - Butoconazole When using these medicines: - Read the packages carefully and use them as directed. - You will need to take the medicine for 1 - 7 days, depending on which medicine you buy. (If you do not get repeated infections, a 1-day medicine might work for you.) - Do not stop using these medicines early because your symptoms are better. You doctor can also prescribe a pill that you only take by mouth once. If your symptoms are worse or you get vaginal yeast infections often, you may need: - Medicine for up to 14 days - Clotrimazole vaginal suppository or fluconazole pill every week to prevent new infections To help prevent and treat vaginal discharge: - Keep your genital area clean and dry. Avoid soap and rinse with water only. Sitting in a warm, but not hot, bath may help your symptoms. - Avoid douching. Although many women feel cleaner if they douche after their period or intercourse, it may worsen vaginal discharge. Douching removes healthy bacteria lining the vagina that protect against infection. - Eat yogurt with live cultures or take Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets when you are on antibiotics. This will help to prevent a yeast infection. - Use condoms to avoid catching or spreading infections. - Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays, fragrances, or powders in the genital area. - Avoid wearing tight-fitting pants or shorts, which may cause irritation. - Wear cotton underwear or cotton-crotch pantyhose. Avoid underwear made of silk or nylon, because they can increase sweating in the genital area, which can cause irritation. - Use pads and not tampons. - Keep your blood sugar levels under good control if you have diabetes. - Avoid wearing wet bathing suits or exercise clothing for long periods of time. Wash sweaty or wet clothes after each use. |
Q110 | milroy disease | hello , my daughter has lymph edema her both legs and left hand is swelling , this problem started when she was of 3 months now she is 16 months , her swelling is growing day by day , im clue less what to do and what kind of treatment i should do plz help and suggest us , | milroy disease | treatment | Q110-S1-A1 | 277 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of Milroy disease: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Milroy Disease - Genetic Testing Registry: Hereditary lymphedema type I - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Lymphatic Obstruction These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | information | Q111-S1-A1 | 278 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that involves muscle weakness, which quickly gets worse. |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | information | Q111-S1-A2 | 279 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rapidly progressive form of muscular dystrophy that occurs primarily in boys. It is caused by an alteration (mutation) in a gene, called the DMD gene that can be inherited in families in an X-linked recessive fashion, but it often occurs in people from families without a known family history of the condition. Individuals who have DMD have progressive loss of muscle function and weakness, which begins in the lower limbs. The DMD gene is the second largest gene to date, which encodes the muscle protein, dystrophin. Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy do not make the dystrophin protein in their muscles. Duchenne muscular dystrophy affects approximately 1 in 3500 male births worldwide. Because this is an inherited disorder, risks include a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | inheritance | Q111-S2-A1 | 280 | Duchenne muscular dystrophy is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome from their mother and one copy of the Y chromosome from their father. If their X chromosome has a DMD gene mutation, they will have Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Females, on the other hand, have two copies of the X chromosomes.. Since females have two copies of this gene, if one copy does not work, they have a second back up copy to produce the dystrophin protein. A woman who has a genetic change in one of her two copies is said to be "a carrier" of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Carriers do not have Duchenne muscular dystrophy and most are unaware that they even carry this change in their genetic material unless they have a family history. However, recent studies have shown that some carrier females (approximately 20 percent) will show symptoms of DMD, including muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. With an X-linked recessive condition, the chance of passing on the changed (non-working) copy of the gene to a child is different for males and females. Females who carry the changed copy of the gene have a 50 percent chance of passing it on with each pregnancy. Thus, there is a 25 percent chance of having a affected child with DMD (eg., 50 percent of boys have the chance of having DMD and 50 percent of girls will be carriers). The chance of a woman who has one affected son (and no family history) of being a carrier of the changed DMD gene is approximately 2/3. However, in the remaining third of individuals with DMD, the change in the dystrophin gene is a new genetic change, or de novo change and about 10 percent of new mutations are due to gonadal mosaicism. Gonadal mosaicism refers to a condition where an individual has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup in their eggs or sperm. Males who inherit or are born with a changed copy of the DMD gene will have DMD since they have a Y chromosome, and do not have back-up X chromosome. If a male with DMD were to have children, all of his daughters would be carriers and none of his sons would be affected. Currently various reproductive options are available to families. The preconception options include MicroSort which is a technology that can separate sperm containing X chromosomes allowing for an increase in chances of having a female. The second reproductive option is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which is a technique that can allow the cells of a fertilized egg to be tested to determine if it contains a change in the DMD gene and then implant those eggs which do not. The post conception options include Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis which analyze sampled cells derived from the developing fetus. Several of the prenatal testing options for pregnancies at increased risk are available when the DMD disease-causing mutation has been identified in a family member, or if informative, genetically-linked markers have been identified. |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | symptom | Q111-S3-A1 | 281 | Symptoms usually appear before age 6 and may appear as early as infancy. They may include: - Fatigue - Learning difficulties (the IQ can be below 75) - Intellectual disability (possible, but does not get worse over time) Muscle weakness: - Begins in the legs and pelvis, but also occurs less severely in the arms, neck, and other areas of the body - Problems with motor skills (running, hopping, jumping) - Frequent falls - Trouble getting up from a lying position or climbing stairs - Weakness quickly gets worse Progressive difficulty walking: - Ability to walk may be lost by age 12, and the child will have to use a wheelchair - Breathing difficulties and heart disease usually start by age 20 |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | symptom | Q111-S3-A2 | 282 | The symptoms usually appear before age 6 and may appear as early as infancy. Typically, the first noticeable symptom is delay of motor milestones, including sitting and standing independently. The mean age for walking in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is 18 months. There is progressive muscle weakness of the legs and pelvic muscles, which is associated with a loss of muscle mass (wasting). This muscle weakness causes a waddling gait and difficulty climbing stairs. Muscle weakness also occurs in the arms, neck, and other areas, but not as severely or as early as in the lower half of the body. Calf muscles initially enlarge and the enlarged muscle tissue is eventually replaced with fat and connective tissue (pseudohypertrophy). Muscle contractures occur in the legs, making the muscles unusable because the muscle fibers shorten and fibrosis occurs in connective tissue. Occasionally, there can be pain in the calves. Symptoms usually appear in boys aged 1 to 6. There is a steady decline in muscle strength between the ages of 6 and 11 years. By age 10, braces may be required for walking, and by age 12, most boys are confined to a wheelchair. Bones develop abnormally, causing skeletal deformities of the spine and other areas. Muscular weakness and skeletal deformities frequently contribute to breathing disorders. Cardiomyopathy (enlarged heart) occurs in almost all cases, beginning in the early teens in some, and in all after the age of 18 years. Intellectual impairment may occur, but it is not inevitable and does not worsen as the disorder progresses. Few individuals with DMD live beyond their 30s. Breathing complications and cardiomyopathy are common causes of death. |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | treatment | Q111-S4-A1 | 283 | There is no known cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Treatment aims to control symptoms to improve quality of life. Steroid drugs can slow the loss of muscle strength. They may be started when the child is diagnosed or when muscle strength begins to decline. Other treatments may include: - Albuterol--a drug used for people with asthma - Amino acids - Carnitine - Coenzyme Q10 - Creatine - Fish oil - Green tea extracts - Vitamin E However, the effects of these treatments have not been proven. Stem cells and gene therapy may be used in the future. Activity is encouraged. Inactivity (such as bedrest) can make the muscle disease worse. Physical therapy may help to maintain muscle strength and function. Speech therapy is often needed. Other treatments may include: - Assisted ventilation (used during the day or night) - Drugs to help heart function, such as angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, and diuretics - Orthopedic appliances (such as braces and wheelchairs) to improve mobility - Proton pump inhibitors (for people with gastroesophageal reflux) Several new treatments are being studied in trials. |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | treatment | Q111-S4-A2 | 284 | Treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is aimed at the symptoms. Aggressive management of dilated cardiomyopathy with anti-congestive medications is used, including cardiac transplantation in severe cases. Assistive devices for respiratory complications may be needed, especially at night. The medication prednisone - a steroid - is given to improve the strength and function of individuals with DMD. Prednisone has been shown to prolong the ability to walk by 2 to 5 years. However, the possible side effects of prednisone include weight gain, high blood pressure, behavior changes, and delayed growth. A synthetic form of prednisilone, called Deflazacort, is used in Europe and believed to have fewer side effects than prednisone. A medication called cyclosporine has been used and has improved clinical function in children, but its use is controversial due to cyclosporine-induced myopathy. Oxandrolone, a medication used in a research study, has similar effects to prednisone with fewer side effects. Several other therapies are also under investigation, including coenzyme Q10, glutamine, pentoxifylline, and PTC124 (see clinical research below). Physical therapy is used to promote mobility and prevent contractures. Surgery may be needed for severe contractures and scoliosis. |
Q111 | null | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. I am doing a research project on this genetic disease and I would like to know more about it from a professional. I am researching the mode of inheritance, symptoms, treatments/ support groups, and relative cost to family. | duchenne muscular dystrophy | resources | Q111-S5-A1 | 285 | Additional Resources for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy [nlm.nih.gov] From Medline Plus Muscular Dystrophy [nlm.nih.gov] From MEDLINEplus, the National Library of Medicine Web site Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy [ghr.nlm.nih.gov] From Genetics Home Reference DMD [ghr.nlm.nih.gov] Information on the DMD Gene: from Genetics HOME Reference The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) [rarediseases.org] A federation of more than 130 nonprofit voluntary health organizations serving people with rare disorders. A printed report on Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be obtained through NORDs Web site, or by calling or writing the NORD offices. Scientists Come Step Closer to New Muscular Dystrophy Treatment [niams.nih.gov] January 2005 research press release on DMD from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) NINDS Muscular Dystrophy Information Page [ninds.nih.gov] From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) The Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) [mdausa.org] An advocacy group for muscular dystrophy. Muscular Dystrophy Family Foundation [mdff.org] Funds adaptive equipment, from wheelchairs to van lifts to communication devices and beyond. Parent Project for Muscular Dystrophy Research [parentprojectmd.org] A digest of breaking research news on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) Accurate and Affordable Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Distrophy [ninds.nih.gov] A new release from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Duchenne muscular dystrophy [rarediseases.info.nih.gov] Information from the Genetics and Rare Diseases Information Center. Finding Reliable Health Information Online A listing of information and links for finding comprehensive genetics health information online. |
Q112 | DISC HERNIA | GOOD AFTERNOON I HAVE wanted to say a herniated disc in L4 L5 S1 L3 8 MONTHS I HAVE DECREASED IN PAIN TREATMENT BUT HERE IN [LOCATION] GIVE ME NO WARRANTIES OF OPERATION WOULD LIKE TO KNOW IF THERE IS SOMETHING COULD Q DO IN MY CASE TOOK ME AND CONTRAST MAGNETIC RESONANCE | herniated disc | treatment | Q112-S1-A1 | 286 | The first treatment for a slipped disk is a short period of rest with medicines for the pain. This is followed by physical therapy. Most people who follow these treatments recover and return to normal activities. Some people will need to have more treatment. This may include steroid injections or surgery. MEDICINES Medicines can help with your pain. Your doctor may prescribe any of the following: - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for long-term pain control - Narcotics if the pain is severe and does not respond to NSAIDs - Medicines to calm the nerves - Muscle relaxants to relieve back spasms LIFESTYLE CHANGES If you are overweight, diet and exercise are very important for improving back pain. Physical therapy is important for nearly everyone with disk disease. Therapists will teach you how to properly lift, dress, walk, and perform other activities. They teach you how to strengthen muscles that help support the spine. You will also learn how to increase flexibility in your spine and legs. Take care of your back at home: - Reduce activity for the first few days. Slowly restart your usual activities. - Avoid heavy lifting or twisting your back for the first 6 weeks after the pain starts. - After 2 to 3 weeks, gradually start exercising again. INJECTIONS Steroid medicine injections into the back in the area of the herniated disk may help control pain for several months. These injections reduce swelling around the disk and relieve many symptoms. Spinal injections are usually done in your doctor's office. SURGERY Surgery may be an option if your symptoms do not go away with other treatments and time. Diskectomy is surgery to remove all or part of a disk. Discuss with your doctor which treatment options are best for you. |
Q113 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | Stiff person Syndrome. Please can you tell me what are the early symptoms I have severe cramps in my feet which are twisting into an arc,muscle spasms slowly getting worse and my muscles particularly in my legs are cramping like someone has pushed a knitting needle into them. Started off at night but now happening through the day my back and neck and voice box are also effected and my chest area has now seized to the point of restricting my breathing to very shallow at times I find that I am stretching out involuntarily right through my body and this is becoming more frequent | stiff person syndrome | symptom | Q113-S1-A1 | 287 | The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) provides the following list of features that have been reported in people with this condition. Much of the information in the HPO comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. If available, the list includes a rough estimate of how common a feature is (its frequency). Frequencies are based on a specific study and may not be representative of all studies. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary for definitions of the terms below. |
Q114 | null | My Brother named [NAME] Has Multiple tumors in brain and spine. after gone through 3 major surgeries he can not walk properly as he has 3 tumors still in brain and spine. and after surgery his right eyesight has been lost and he can not hear. Is there any research done by your sight and found medicines which can remove his remaining tumors. Please give me suggestion regarding this matter. I can provide all the necessary medical reports if you need. | tumors in brain and spine | treatment | Q114-S1-A1 | 288 | Treatment varies based on: - Type of tumor - Whether it is cancer - Location of the tumor You may not need treatment if the tumor is: - Noncancerous (benign) - In a "safe" area where it will not cause symptoms or problems with the way an organ works Sometimes benign tumors may be removed for cosmetic reasons. Benign tumors of the brain may be removed because of their location or harmful effect on the surrounding normal brain tissue. If a tumor is cancer, possible treatments may include: - Chemotherapy - Radiation - Surgery - Targeted cancer therapy - Biologic therapy - Other treatment options |
Q114 | null | My Brother named [NAME] Has Multiple tumors in brain and spine. after gone through 3 major surgeries he can not walk properly as he has 3 tumors still in brain and spine. and after surgery his right eyesight has been lost and he can not hear. Is there any research done by your sight and found medicines which can remove his remaining tumors. Please give me suggestion regarding this matter. I can provide all the necessary medical reports if you need. | tumors in brain and spine | treatment | Q114-S1-A2 | 289 | TA specialized team of doctors advises and assists individuals throughout treatment and rehabilitation. These doctors may include: A neurologist is a specialist in nervous system disorders. An oncologist is a specialist in cancer. A neuro-oncologist is a neurologist or oncologist who specializes in nervous system tumors. A neuroradiologist is a doctor trained in reading diagnostic imaging results who specializes in the CNS. A pathologist is a clinical physician who diagnoses diseases of tissues or cells using a variety of laboratory tests. A neurosurgeon is a brain or spinal cord surgeon. A radiation oncologist is a doctor who specializes in using radiation to treat individuals with cancer. This team will recommend a treatment plan based on the tumor's location, type, size and aggressiveness, as well as on the individual’s medical history, age, and general health. Initial treatment for a CNS tumor may involve a variety of drugs, including anticonvulsants to treat seizures, pain medications, steroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling and improve blood flow, antidepressants to treat anxiety or ease depression that might occur following a tumor diagnosis, and drugs to fight nausea caused by various treatments. Malignant tumors require some form of treatment, while some small benign tumors may need only periodic monitoring. The three standard treatment options for malignant CNS tumors are neurosurgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Some patients may receive a combination of treatments. |
Q115 | Asthma | I have been treated for breast cancer and had chemotherapy and readiation. I am on many drugs but since stopping treatment I have now presented as having asthma. I take Letrozole. 2.5 to block any estrogen in my body as my tumor was estrogen positive. What type of drugs impact asthma symptoms? Please advise | asthma | cause | Q115-S1-A1 | 290 | Asthma is caused by swelling (inflammation) in the airways. When an asthma attack occurs, the lining of the air passages swells and the muscles surrounding the airways become tight. This reduces the amount of air that can pass through the airway. In people who have sensitive airways, asthma symptoms can be triggered by breathing in substances called allergens or triggers. Common asthma triggers include: - Animals (pet hair or dander) - Dust mites - Certain medicines (aspirin and other NSAIDS) - Changes in weather (most often cold weather) - Chemicals in the air or in food - Exercise - Mold - Pollen - Respiratory infections, such as the common cold - Strong emotions (stress) - Tobacco smoke Substances in some workplaces can also trigger asthma symptoms, leading to occupational asthma. The most common triggers are wood dust, grain dust, animal dander, fungi, or chemicals. Many people with asthma have a personal or family history of allergies, such as hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or eczema. Others have no history of allergies. |
Q115 | Asthma | I have been treated for breast cancer and had chemotherapy and readiation. I am on many drugs but since stopping treatment I have now presented as having asthma. I take Letrozole. 2.5 to block any estrogen in my body as my tumor was estrogen positive. What type of drugs impact asthma symptoms? Please advise | asthma | cause | Q115-S1-A2 | 291 | The exact cause of asthma isn't known. Researchers think some genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma, most often early in life. These factors include: An inherited tendency to develop allergies, called atopy (AT-o-pe) Parents who have asthma Certain respiratory infections during childhood Contact with some airborne allergens or exposure to some viral infections in infancy or in early childhood when the immune system is developing If asthma or atopy runs in your family, exposure to irritants (for example, tobacco smoke) may make your airways more reactive to substances in the air. Some factors may be more likely to cause asthma in some people than in others. Researchers continue to explore what causes asthma. The "Hygiene Hypothesis" One theory researchers have for what causes asthma is the "hygiene hypothesis." They believe that our Western lifestyle—with its emphasis on hygiene and sanitation—has resulted in changes in our living conditions and an overall decline in infections in early childhood. Many young children no longer have the same types of environmental exposures and infections as children did in the past. This affects the way that young children's immune systems develop during very early childhood, and it may increase their risk for atopy and asthma. This is especially true for children who have close family members with one or both of these conditions. |
Q116 | null | Customer Service Request. My daughter has Turner syndrome but she's beaten all odds. She developed on our own, got her period on her own, she is now pregnant on her own with identical twins. My question is can she have normal children or do they have more of a chance of having Turner syndrome. My daughter has been tested many times to confirm her diagnosis of Turner syndrome and she is a full XO not mosaic but still does not display many of the characteristics. Again, I am just questioning the safety of the pregnancy and the health of the babies. Thank you for your help | turner syndrome | inheritance | Q116-S1-A1 | 294 | Most cases of Turner syndrome are not inherited. Most commonly, Turner syndrome occurs due to a random event during the formation of an egg or sperm cell in a parent (prior to conception). For example, if an egg or sperm cell mistakenly loses a sex chromosome, and joins at conception with an egg or sperm containing an X chromosome, the resulting child will have a single X chromosome in each cell. Mosaic Turner syndrome, occurring when a person has some cells with one X chromosome and some cells with two sex chromosomes, is also not inherited. This also occurs due to a random event, during early fetal development rather than before conception. In rare cases, Turner syndrome may be caused by a missing piece (partial deletion) of the X chromosome. A deletion can be inherited from a parent. Genetic testing of an affected fetus or child can identify the type of Turner syndrome present and may help to estimate the risk of recurrence. People with questions about genetic testing or recurrence risks for Turner syndrome are encouraged to speak with a genetic counselor or other genetics professional. |
Q116 | null | Customer Service Request. My daughter has Turner syndrome but she's beaten all odds. She developed on our own, got her period on her own, she is now pregnant on her own with identical twins. My question is can she have normal children or do they have more of a chance of having Turner syndrome. My daughter has been tested many times to confirm her diagnosis of Turner syndrome and she is a full XO not mosaic but still does not display many of the characteristics. Again, I am just questioning the safety of the pregnancy and the health of the babies. Thank you for your help | turner syndrome | inheritance | Q116-S1-A2 | 295 | Most cases of Turner syndrome are not inherited. When this condition results from monosomy X, the chromosomal abnormality occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) in the affected person's parent. An error in cell division called nondisjunction can result in reproductive cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may lose a sex chromosome as a result of nondisjunction. If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have a single X chromosome in each cell and will be missing the other sex chromosome. Mosaic Turner syndrome is also not inherited. In an affected individual, it occurs as a random event during cell division in early fetal development. As a result, some of an affected person's cells have the usual two sex chromosomes, and other cells have only one copy of the X chromosome. Other sex chromosome abnormalities are also possible in females with X chromosome mosaicism. Rarely, Turner syndrome caused by a partial deletion of the X chromosome can be passed from one generation to the next. |
Q117 | Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy | Would like to obtain more info on possible treatments. | vitelliform macular dystrophy | treatment | Q117-S1-A1 | 296 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of vitelliform macular dystrophy: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy - Genetic Testing Registry: Macular dystrophy, vitelliform, adult-onset - Genetic Testing Registry: Vitelliform dystrophy - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Macula (image) These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q118 | treatment for dry mouth caused by necessary medicine | My provider can't help (I asked.) I am intolerant of all the "sugar alcohols" such as maltilol, sorbitol, xylitol, etc. and need something for dry mouth caused by med which I have to take. Biotene products help for only about two minutes. | dry mouth | treatment | Q118-S1-A1 | 297 | Treatment for Dry Mouth Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a medicine that helps the glands work better. Your dentist or physician might also suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. Do's and Don'ts Do's - Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. - Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. - Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Don’ts - Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. - Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Gene Therapy Research for Salivary Gland Dysfunction Scientists at NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) are exploring the potential use of gene therapy to treat salivary gland dysfunction. The idea is to transfer additional or replacement genes into the salivary glands of people with Sjögren's syndrome and cancer patients whose salivary glands were damaged during radiation treatment. The hope is that these genes will increase the production of saliva and eliminate the chronic parched sensation that bothers people with dry mouth conditions. NIDCR recently completed a clinical study, a research study in humans, on gene therapy for radiation-damaged salivary glands. The study showed that gene therapy can be safely performed in salivary glands and that it has the potential to help head and neck cancer survivors with dry mouth. Read NIDCR’s news release to learn more about the study’s findings. Based on the promising results of this trial, similar clinical trials are planned in the near future. Research on Sjögren’s Syndrome and Other Diseases Affecting Salivary Glands NIDCR is also conducting clinical trials to study new approaches for improving salivary flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Such studies include testing the effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody as well as a corticosteroid to see whether either of these treatments helps improve salivary flow. Other studies are focused on learning how diseases such as diabetes, auto inflammatory diseases, and granulomatous diseases cause salivary gland dysfunction. Such studies could one day lead to better ways of preventing and treating salivary gland conditions. To stay abreast of any new studies on gene therapy and salivary gland function, visit ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov lists all federally and many privately funded clinical trials in the U.S. and around the world; the web site is updated frequently. |
Q118 | treatment for dry mouth caused by necessary medicine | My provider can't help (I asked.) I am intolerant of all the "sugar alcohols" such as maltilol, sorbitol, xylitol, etc. and need something for dry mouth caused by med which I have to take. Biotene products help for only about two minutes. | dry mouth | treatment | Q118-S1-A2 | 298 | Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right, but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a special medicine that helps the glands work better. He or she might suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. (Watch the video to learn how dry mouth is treated. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) |
Q118 | treatment for dry mouth caused by necessary medicine | My provider can't help (I asked.) I am intolerant of all the "sugar alcohols" such as maltilol, sorbitol, xylitol, etc. and need something for dry mouth caused by med which I have to take. Biotene products help for only about two minutes. | dry mouth | treatment | Q118-S1-A3 | 299 | Treatment for Dry Mouth Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a medicine that helps the glands work better. Your dentist or physician might also suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. Do's and Don'ts Do's - Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. - Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. - Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Don’ts - Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. - Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Gene Therapy Research for Salivary Gland Dysfunction Scientists at NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) are exploring the potential use of gene therapy to treat salivary gland dysfunction. The idea is to transfer additional or replacement genes into the salivary glands of people with Sjögren's syndrome and cancer patients whose salivary glands were damaged during radiation treatment. The hope is that these genes will increase the production of saliva and eliminate the chronic parched sensation that bothers people with dry mouth conditions. NIDCR recently completed a clinical study, a research study in humans, on gene therapy for radiation-damaged salivary glands. The study showed that gene therapy can be safely performed in salivary glands and that it has the potential to help head and neck cancer survivors with dry mouth. Read NIDCR’s news release to learn more about the study’s findings. Based on the promising results of this trial, similar clinical trials are planned in the near future. Research on Sjögren’s Syndrome and Other Diseases Affecting Salivary Glands NIDCR is also conducting clinical trials to study new approaches for improving salivary flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Such studies include testing the effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody as well as a corticosteroid to see whether either of these treatments helps improve salivary flow. Other studies are focused on learning how diseases such as diabetes, auto inflammatory diseases, and granulomatous diseases cause salivary gland dysfunction. Such studies could one day lead to better ways of preventing and treating salivary gland conditions. To stay abreast of any new studies on gene therapy and salivary gland function, visit ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov lists all federally and many privately funded clinical trials in the U.S. and around the world; the web site is updated frequently. |
Q119 | null | Hello dear sir/madam I just want to knw if any cancer person had all treatment done then cancer gonna be again or not.how long person can live after cancer treatment.please reply me as Soon as possible. Thank you Sent from my iPhone | cancer | prognosis | Q119-S1-A1 | 303 | The outlook depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer when diagnosed. Some cancers can be cured. Other cancers that are not curable can still be treated effectively. Some patients can live for many years with cancer. Other tumors are quickly life threatening. |
Q120 | null | My mother has Pulmonary ARTERIAL hypertension in the left side of her heart. Is there anything that can be done to improve her health. | pulmonary arterial hypertension | treatment | Q120-S1-A1 | 305 | People with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) benefit from receiving treatment at specialized centers. The Pulmonary Hypertension Association offers a Find a Doctor tool which may aid you in locating your nearest center. Treatment of serious or life threatening PAH may involve continuous IV epoprostenol. Other treatment options, include treprostinil, iloprost, bosentan, ambrisentan, sildenafil, and tadalafil. Many of these treatments can be administered in various forms, such as by shot, IV, or inhalation. A small number of people with PAH respond well to long term oral calcium channel blockers. Blood thinners, diuretics, and supplemental oxygen may be prescribed as needed. Many drugs can be harmful to people with PAH. The following should be avoided: appetite suppressants, cocaine, amphetamines (and related compounds), low oxygen environments (such as high altitudes), and possibly estrogen compounds (oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy). |
Q120 | null | My mother has Pulmonary ARTERIAL hypertension in the left side of her heart. Is there anything that can be done to improve her health. | pulmonary arterial hypertension | treatment | Q120-S1-A2 | 306 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: - Gene Review: Gene Review: Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension 2 - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension 3 - Genetic Testing Registry: Primary pulmonary hypertension 4 - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pulmonary hypertension These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q121 | delayed ejaculation | i 25 year old i have problem of delayed ejaculation.even after taking several minutes im not able to ejaculate.but im getting regular night falls.what is the cause,which doctor should i consult. | delayed ejaculation | cause | Q121-S1-A1 | 307 | Most men ejaculate within a few minutes of starting to thrust during intercourse. Men with delayed ejaculation may be unable to ejaculate or may only be able to ejaculate with great effort after having intercourse for a long time (for example, 30 to 45 minutes). Delayed ejaculation can have psychological or physical causes. Common psychological causes include: - Religious background that makes the person view sex as sinful - Lack of attraction for a partner - Conditioning caused by a habit of excessive masturbation - Traumatic events (such as being discovered masturbating or having illicit sex, or learning one's partner is having an affair) Some factors, such as anger toward the partner, may be involved. Physical causes may include: - Blockage of the ducts that semen passes through - Use of certain drugs (such as prozac, mellaril, and guanethidine) - Nervous system diseases, such as stroke or nerve damage to the spinal cord or back - Testosterone deficiency - Nerve damage during surgery in the pelvis |
Q122 | adrenoleukodystrophy | A child I have been asked to work with has been diagnosed with this condition.I am so far unable to find info pertaining to this illness. Can you help?? | adrenoleukodystrophy | information | Q122-S1-A1 | 308 | Adrenoleukodystrophy describes several closely related inherited disorders that disrupt the breakdown (metabolism) of certain fats (very long chain fatty acids). |
Q122 | adrenoleukodystrophy | A child I have been asked to work with has been diagnosed with this condition.I am so far unable to find info pertaining to this illness. Can you help?? | adrenoleukodystrophy | information | Q122-S1-A2 | 309 | X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is one of a group of genetic disorders called the leukodystrophies that cause damage to the myelin sheath, an insulating membrane that surrounds nerve cells in the brain. Women have two X chromosomes and are the carriers of the disease, but since men only have one X chromosome and lack the protective effect of the extra X chromosome, they are more severely affected. People with X-ALD accumulate high levels of saturated, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the brain and adrenal cortex. The loss of myelin and the progressive dysfunction of the adrenal gland are the primary characteristics of X-ALD. While nearly all patients with X-ALD suffer from adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, the neurological symptoms can begin either in childhood or in adulthood. The childhood cerebral form is the most severe, with onset between ages 4 and 10. The most common symptoms are usually behavioral changes such as abnormal withdrawal or aggression, poor memory, and poor school performance. Other symptoms include visual loss, learning disabilities, seizures, poorly articulated speech, difficulty swallowing, deafness, disturbances of gait and coordination, fatigue, intermittent vomiting, increased skin pigmentation, and progressive dementia. The milder adult-onset form is also known as adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), which typically begins between ages 21 and 35. Symptoms may include progressive stiffness, weakness or paralysis of the lower limbs, and ataxia. Although adult-onset ALD progresses more slowly than the classic childhood form, it can also result in deterioration of brain function. Almost half the women who are carriers of X-ALS will develop a milder form of AMN but almost never will develop symptoms seen in boys the X-ALD. X-ALD should not be confused with neonatal adrenoleukodsystrophy, which is a disease of newborns and young infants and belongs to the group of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. |
Q122 | adrenoleukodystrophy | A child I have been asked to work with has been diagnosed with this condition.I am so far unable to find info pertaining to this illness. Can you help?? | adrenoleukodystrophy | information | Q122-S1-A3 | 310 | The NINDS supports research on genetic disorders such as ALD. The aim of this research is to find ways to prevent, treat, and cure these disorders. Studies are currently underway to identify new biomarkers of disease progression and to determine which patients will develop the childhood cerebral form of X-ALD. A recent case study in Europe demonstrated that the combination of gene therapy with bone marrow transplantation, using the patient's own bone marrow cells, may arrest disease progression in childhood cerebral X-ALD. A therapeutic trail in the United States is currently being discussed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. |
Q123 | null | hi my name is [NAME] I'm currently working with [LOCATION] and I was wondering I came across some of you healthy tip fliers for HIV/Aids treatment .at the moment we have a study going on that helps HIV positive transgender women into HIV quality care .so it would be great to have some more information on HIV/Aids treatment | hiv/aids | treatment | Q123-S1-A1 | 313 | HIV/AIDS is treated with medicines that stop the virus from multiplying. This treatment is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the past, people with HIV infection would start antiretroviral treatment after their CD4 count dropped or they developed HIV complications. Today, HIV treatment is recommended for all people with HIV infection, even if their CD4 count is still normal. Regular blood tests are needed to make sure the virus level in the blood (viral load) is kept low, or suppressed. The goal of treatment is to lower the HIV virus in the blood to a level that is so low that the test can't detect it. This is called an undetectable viral load. If the CD4 count already dropped before treatment was started, it will usually slowly go up. HIV complications often disappear as the immune system recovers. |
Q124 | Leptospirosis | what causes leptospirosis to spread in the human body | leptospirosis | cause | Q124-S1-A1 | 314 | The Leptospira bacteria can be found in fresh water that has been contaminated by animal urine. The infection occurs in warmer climates. Leptospirosis is not spread from person to person, except in vary rare cases. It occasionally spreads through sexual intercourse, breast milk, or from a mother to her unborn child. Risk factors include: - Occupational exposure -- farmers, ranchers, slaughterhouse workers, trappers, veterinarians, loggers, sewer workers, rice field workers, and military personnel - Recreational activities -- fresh water swimming, canoeing, kayaking, and trail biking in warm areas - Household exposure -- pet dogs, domesticated livestock, rainwater catchment systems, and infected rodents Leptospirosis is rare in the continental United States. Hawaii has the highest number of cases in the United States. |
Q125 | null | Good day doctor.... My name is [NAME] from Nigeria in West Africa. Please I'll appreciate so much if you will reach me urgently with any advice that can be valuable to a total cure of the diabetes that I came down with since the year 2008... at "[CONTACT]" . I'll be eagerly waiting for your response soonest, please.... Thanks for your anticipated corporation. [NAME] | diabetes | treatment | Q125-S1-A1 | 315 | Type 2 diabetes may be reversed with lifestyle changes, especially losing weight with exercise and by eating healthier foods. Some cases of type 2 diabetes can also be improved with weight-loss surgery. There is no cure for type 1 diabetes. Treating either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar level. Everyone with diabetes should receive proper education and support about the best ways to manage their diabetes. Ask your provider about seeing a diabetes nurse educator. Getting better control over your blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels helps reduce the risk of kidney disease, eye disease, nervous system disease, heart attack, and stroke. To prevent diabetes complications, visit your provider at least 2 to 4 times a year. Talk about any problems you are having. Follow your provider's instructions on managing your diabetes. |
Q125 | null | Good day doctor.... My name is [NAME] from Nigeria in West Africa. Please I'll appreciate so much if you will reach me urgently with any advice that can be valuable to a total cure of the diabetes that I came down with since the year 2008... at "[CONTACT]" . I'll be eagerly waiting for your response soonest, please.... Thanks for your anticipated corporation. [NAME] | diabetes | treatment | Q125-S1-A2 | 316 | The goal of treatment at first is to lower your high blood glucose levels. Long-term goals are to prevent problems from diabetes. The most important way to treat and manage type 2 diabetes is with activity and healthy eating. Everyone with diabetes should receive proper education and support about the best ways to manage their diabetes. Ask your healthcare provider about seeing a diabetes educator. LEARN THESE SKILLS Learning diabetes management skills will help you live well with diabetes. These skills help prevent health problems and the need for medical care. Skills include: - How to test and record your blood glucose - What and when to eat - How to safely increase your activity and control your weight - How to take medications, if needed - How to recognize and treat low and high blood sugar - How to handle sick days - Where to buy diabetes supplies and how to store them It may take several months to learn these skills. Keep learning about diabetes, its complications, and how to control and live well with the disease. Stay up-to-date on new research and treatments. MANAGING YOUR BLOOD SUGAR Checking your blood sugar levels yourself and writing down the results tells you how well you are managing your diabetes. Talk to your doctor and diabetes educator about how often to check. To check your blood sugar level, you use a device called a glucose meter. Usually, you prick your finger with a small needle called a lancet. This gives you a tiny drop of blood. You place the blood on a test strip and put the strip into the meter. The meter gives you a reading that tells you the level of your blood sugar. Your doctor or diabetes educator will help set up a testing schedule for you. Your doctor will help you set a target range for your blood sugar numbers. Keep these factors in mind: - Most people with type 2 diabetes only need to check their blood sugar once or twice a day. - If your blood sugar level is under control, you may only need to check it a few times a week. - You may test yourself when you wake up, before meals, and at bedtime. - You may need to test more often when you are sick or under stress. Keep a record of your blood sugar for yourself and your doctor. Based on your numbers, you may need to make changes to your meals, activity, or medicines to keep your blood sugar level in the right range. HEALTHY EATING AND WEIGHT CONTROL Work closely with your doctor, nurse, and dietitian to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. Your meal plans should fit your lifestyle and habits and should include foods that you like. Managing your weight and having a well-balanced diet are important. Some people with type 2 diabetes can stop taking medicines after losing weight. This does not mean that their diabetes is cured. They still have diabetes. Very obese patients whose diabetes is not well managed with diet and medicine may consider weight loss (bariatric) surgery. REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Regular activity is important for everyone. It is even more important when you have diabetes. Exercise is good for your health because it: - Lowers your blood sugar level without medicine - Burns extra calories and fat to help manage your weight - Improves blood flow and blood pressure - Increases your energy level - Improves your ability to handle stress Talk to your doctor before starting any exercise program. People with type 2 diabetes may need to take special steps before, during, and after physical activity or exercise. MEDICATIONS TO TREAT DIABETES If diet and exercise do not help keep your blood sugar at normal or near-normal levels, your doctor may prescribe medication. Since these drugs help lower your blood sugar levels in different ways, your doctor may have you take more than one drug. Some of the most common types of medication are listed below. They are taken by mouth or injection. - Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - Biguanides - DPP IV inhibitors - Injectable medicines (GLP-1 analogs) - Meglitinides - SGL T2 inhibitors - Sulfonylureas - Thiazolidinediones You may need to take insulin if your blood sugar cannot be controlled with any of the above medicines. Insulin must be injected under the skin using a syringe, insulin pen, or pump. It cannot be taken by mouth because the acid in the stomach destroys insulin. PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS Your doctor may prescribe medicines or other treatments to reduce your chance of developing some of the more common complications of diabetes, including: - Eye disease - Kidney disease - Heart disease and stroke FOOT CARE People with diabetes are more likely than those without diabetes to have foot problems. Diabetes damages the nerves. This can make you less able to feel pressure on the foot. You many not notice a foot injury until you get a severe infection. Diabetes can also damage blood vessels. Small sores or breaks in the skin may become deeper skin sores (ulcers). The affected limb may need to be amputated if these skin ulcers do not heal or become larger, deeper, or infected. To prevent problems with your feet: - Stop smoking if you smoke. - Improve control of your blood sugar. - Get a foot exam by your doctor at least twice a year and learn if you have nerve damage. - Check and care for your feet every day. This is very important when you already have nerve or blood vessel damage or foot problems. - Treat minor infections, such as athlete's foot, right away. - Use moisturizing lotion on dry skin. - Make sure you wear the right kind of shoes. Ask your doctor what type of shoe is right for you. |
Q125 | null | Good day doctor.... My name is [NAME] from Nigeria in West Africa. Please I'll appreciate so much if you will reach me urgently with any advice that can be valuable to a total cure of the diabetes that I came down with since the year 2008... at "[CONTACT]" . I'll be eagerly waiting for your response soonest, please.... Thanks for your anticipated corporation. [NAME] | diabetes | treatment | Q125-S1-A3 | 317 | Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be managed. Managing blood glucose (blood sugar) as well as blood pressure and cholesterol is the best defense against the serious complications of diabetes. Know What To Do Every Day To manage your diabetes, here are things to do every day. - Take your medicines. - Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar). - Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises. - Check your feet. - Brush your teeth and floss. - Stop smoking. - Eat well. - Be active. Take your medicines. Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar). Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises. Check your feet. Brush your teeth and floss. Stop smoking. Eat well. Be active. (Watch the video to learn more about what one woman does to manage her diabetes every day. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) Take Your Diabetes Medicines People with type 1 diabetes control their blood sugar with insulin -- delivered either by injection or with a pump. Many people with type 2 diabetes can control blood glucose levels with diet and exercise alone. Others require oral medications or insulin, and some may need both, as well as lifestyle modification. Ask your doctor if you need to take aspirin every day to prevent a heart attack or stroke. Keep Track of Your Blood Glucose One of the best ways to find out how well you are taking care of your diabetes is to check your blood to see how much glucose is in it. If your blood has too much or too little glucose, you may need a change in your meal plan, exercise plan, or medication. Ask your doctor how often you should check your blood glucose. Some people check their blood glucose once a day. Others do it three a day or even more. You may be told to check before eating, before bed, and sometimes in the middle of the night. Your doctor or diabetes educator will show you how to check your blood using a blood glucose meter. Your health insurance or Medicare may pay for some of the supplies and equipment you need to check your glucose levels. See what diabetes supplies and services Medicare covers. Check Your Blood Pressure Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises and keep a record of it. You can check your pressure at home with a home blood pressure measurement device or monitor. Blood pressure monitors can be bought at discount chain stores and drug stores. When you are taking your blood pressure at home, sit with your back supported and your feet flat on the floor. Rest your arm on a table at the level of your heart. Check with your health care provider to make sure you are using the monitor correctly. Check Your Feet Foot care is very important for people with diabetes. High blood glucose levels and a reduced blood supply to the limbs cause nerve damage that reduces feeling in the feet. Someone with nerve damage may not feel a pebble inside his or her sock that is causing a sore. Or a blister caused by poorly fitting shoes may go unnoticed. Foot injuries such as these can cause ulcers, which may, if not cared for, ultimately lead to the need for amputation. If you have diabetes, - check your feet every day and watch for any cuts, sores, red spots, swelling, and infected toenails. - report sores, blisters, breaks in the skin, infections, or buildup of calluses to a podiatrist or a family doctor. - never walk barefoot. - have your feet checked at every doctor visit. - take your shoes and socks off when you go into the examining room. This will remind the doctor to check your feet. check your feet every day and watch for any cuts, sores, red spots, swelling, and infected toenails. report sores, blisters, breaks in the skin, infections, or buildup of calluses to a podiatrist or a family doctor. never walk barefoot. have your feet checked at every doctor visit. take your shoes and socks off when you go into the examining room. This will remind the doctor to check your feet. Learn more about taking care of your feet. Brush Your Teeth and Floss People with diabetes can have tooth and gum problems more often if their blood glucose stays high. High blood glucose also can make tooth and gum problems worse. You can even lose your teeth. Here are ways to protect your teeth and gums. - Keep your blood glucose as close to normal as possible. - Use dental floss at least once a day. Flossing helps prevent the buildup of plaque on your teeth. Plaque can harden and grow under your gums and cause problems. Using a sawing motion, gently bring the floss between the teeth, scraping from bottom to top several times. - Brush your teeth after each meal and snack. Use a soft toothbrush. Turn the bristles against the gum line and brush gently. Use small, circular motions. Brush the front, back, and top of each tooth. - If you wear false teeth, keep them clean. - Call your dentist right away if you have problems with your teeth and gums. Keep your blood glucose as close to normal as possible. Use dental floss at least once a day. Flossing helps prevent the buildup of plaque on your teeth. Plaque can harden and grow under your gums and cause problems. Using a sawing motion, gently bring the floss between the teeth, scraping from bottom to top several times. Brush your teeth after each meal and snack. Use a soft toothbrush. Turn the bristles against the gum line and brush gently. Use small, circular motions. Brush the front, back, and top of each tooth. If you wear false teeth, keep them clean. Call your dentist right away if you have problems with your teeth and gums. Learn more about how diabetes can affect your mouth and teeth. Stop Smoking If you smoke, stop. Smoking raises your risk for many diabetes problems, including heart attack and stroke. Ask for help to quit. Call 1-800 QUITNOW (1-800-784-8669). For more information on smoking and older adults, see Quitting Smoking for Older Adults. Eat Well People with diabetes don't need to buy or prepare special foods. The foods that are best for someone with diabetes are excellent choices for everyone: foods that are low in fat, salt, and sugar, and high in fiber, such as beans, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. These foods help you reach and stay at a weight that's good for your body, keep your blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol in a desirable range, and prevent or delay heart and blood vessel disease. For more on healthy eating, see Small Steps for Eating Healthy Foods. Be Active Try to exercise almost every day for a total of about 30 to 60 minutes. If you haven't exercised lately, begin slowly. Start with 5 to 10 minutes, and then add more time. Or exercise for 10 minutes, three times a day. (Tip: you don’t need to get your exercise in all at one time.) For more information on exercise and older adults, see Exercise: How to Get Started or visit Go4Life®, the exercise and physical activity campaign for older adults from the National Institute on Aging. Be sure to check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Other Areas To Manage Here are other areas to manage if you have diabetes. - Take care of your eyes. - Protect your kidneys. - Protect your skin. - Learn how to cope with stress. Take care of your eyes. Protect your kidneys. Protect your skin. Learn how to cope with stress. Take Care of Your Eyes High blood glucose and high blood pressure from diabetes can hurt your eyes. It can even cause blindness, or other painful eye problems. Here are ways to prevent diabetes eye problems. - Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to normal as you can. - Have an eye care professional examine your eyes once a year. Have this exam even if your vision is okay. Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to normal as you can. Have an eye care professional examine your eyes once a year. Have this exam even if your vision is okay. Learn more about eye disease and diabetes. Protect Your Kidneys High blood glucose and high blood pressure may damage the kidneys. Damaged kidneys do not do a good job of filtering out wastes and extra fluid. Here are ways to prevent diabetes kidney problems. - Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to your target goal as you can. - Get tested at least once a year for kidney disease. Ask your doctor if you should be tested. - Follow the healthy eating plan you work out with your doctor or dietitian. If you already have kidney problems, your dietitian may suggest you cut back on protein. Keep your blood glucose and blood pressure as close to your target goal as you can. Get tested at least once a year for kidney disease. Ask your doctor if you should be tested. Follow the healthy eating plan you work out with your doctor or dietitian. If you already have kidney problems, your dietitian may suggest you cut back on protein. Learn more about keeping your kidneys healthy. Protect Your Skin Skin care is very important, too. Because people with diabetes may have more injuries and infections, they should protect their skin by keeping it clean and taking care of minor cuts and bruises. Learn How To Cope With Stress Stress can raise your blood glucose (blood sugar). While it is hard to remove stress from your life, you can learn to handle it. Try deep breathing, gardening, taking a walk, meditating, working on your hobby, or listening to your favorite music. |
Q125 | null | Good day doctor.... My name is [NAME] from Nigeria in West Africa. Please I'll appreciate so much if you will reach me urgently with any advice that can be valuable to a total cure of the diabetes that I came down with since the year 2008... at "[CONTACT]" . I'll be eagerly waiting for your response soonest, please.... Thanks for your anticipated corporation. [NAME] | diabetes | treatment | Q125-S1-A4 | 318 | People with type 1 diabetes control their blood sugar with insulin -- either with shots or an insulin pen. Many people with type 2 diabetes can control blood glucose levels with diet and exercise alone. Others require oral medications or insulin, and some people may need to take both, along with lifestyle modification. (Watch the video to learn how one woman manages her type 2 diabetes. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) To manage your diabetes, here are things to do every day. - Take your medicines for diabetes and for any other health problems, even when you feel good. Take your medicines for diabetes and for any other health problems, even when you feel good. - Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar). You may want to check it one or more times a day. Be sure to talk about it with your health care team. Keep track of your blood glucose (blood sugar). You may want to check it one or more times a day. Be sure to talk about it with your health care team. - Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises and keep a record of it. Check your blood pressure if your doctor advises and keep a record of it. - Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots and swelling. Call your health care team right away about any sores that do not go away. Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots and swelling. Call your health care team right away about any sores that do not go away. - Brush your teeth and floss every day to keep your mouth, teeth and gums healthy. Brush your teeth and floss every day to keep your mouth, teeth and gums healthy. - Stop smoking. Ask for help to quit. Call 1-800 QUIT NOW ( 1-800-784-8669) Stop smoking. Ask for help to quit. Call 1-800 QUIT NOW ( 1-800-784-8669) - Eat well. Ask your doctor to give you the name of someone trained to help you create a healthy eating plan, such as a dietitian. See small steps for eating healthy foods. Eat well. Ask your doctor to give you the name of someone trained to help you create a healthy eating plan, such as a dietitian. See small steps for eating healthy foods. - Be active. Try to exercise almost every day for a total of about 30 minutes. If you haven't exercised lately, begin slowly. To learn more, see Exercise: How To Get Started, or visit Go4Life®, the exercise and physical activity campaign for older adults from the National Institute on Aging. Be active. Try to exercise almost every day for a total of about 30 minutes. If you haven't exercised lately, begin slowly. To learn more, see Exercise: How To Get Started, or visit Go4Life®, the exercise and physical activity campaign for older adults from the National Institute on Aging. |
Q125 | null | Good day doctor.... My name is [NAME] from Nigeria in West Africa. Please I'll appreciate so much if you will reach me urgently with any advice that can be valuable to a total cure of the diabetes that I came down with since the year 2008... at "[CONTACT]" . I'll be eagerly waiting for your response soonest, please.... Thanks for your anticipated corporation. [NAME] | diabetes | treatment | Q125-S1-A5 | 319 | See your health care team at least twice a year to find and treat any problems early. Ask what steps you can take to reach your goals. If you have diabetes, take these steps. At each visit, be sure you have a - blood pressure check - foot check - weight check - review of your self-care plan. blood pressure check foot check weight check review of your self-care plan. Two times each year, get - an A1C test. It may be checked more often if it is over 7. an A1C test. It may be checked more often if it is over 7. Once each year, be sure you have a - cholesterol test - triglyceride (try-GLISS-er-ide) test - a type of blood fat - complete foot exam - dental exam to check teeth and gums. Tell your dentist you have diabetes. - dilated eye exam to check for eye problems - flu shot - urine and a blood test to check for kidney problems. cholesterol test triglyceride (try-GLISS-er-ide) test - a type of blood fat complete foot exam dental exam to check teeth and gums. Tell your dentist you have diabetes. dilated eye exam to check for eye problems flu shot urine and a blood test to check for kidney problems. At least once, get a - pneumonia (nu-MOH-nya) shot. pneumonia (nu-MOH-nya) shot. If you have Medicare, ask your health care team if Medicare will cover some of the costs for - learning about healthy eating and diabetes self-care - special shoes, if you need them - medical supplies - diabetes medicines. learning about healthy eating and diabetes self-care special shoes, if you need them medical supplies diabetes medicines. (Watch the video for important things to remember when visiting your health care team. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) |
Q126 | Causes of Peripheral Neuropathy | What information does the National Library of Medicine have that states causes of peripheral neuropathy? | peripheral neuropathy | cause | Q126-S1-A1 | 321 | Neuropathy is very common. There are many types and causes. Often, no cause can be found. Some nerve diseases run in families. Diabetes is the most common cause of this type of nerve problem. High blood sugar levels over a long time can damage your nerves. Other health conditions that may cause neuropathy are: - Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus - Chronic kidney disease - HIV - Liver infections - Low levels of vitamin B12 or other vitamins - Metabolic disease - Poisoning due to heavy metals, such as lead - Poor blood flow to the legs - Underactive thyroid gland Other things that can lead to nerve damage are: - Broken bone that affects a nerve - Long-term, heavy alcohol use - Glue, lead, mercury, and solvent poisoning - Drugs that treat infections, cancer, seizures, and high blood pressure - Pressure on a nerve, such as from carpal tunnel syndrome - Being exposed to cold temperatures for a long period of time - Pressure from bad-fitting casts, splints, a brace, or crutches |
Q127 | hepatitis C | My doctor advised me to take vitamin E and biletan forte since my protombin time is 70, he told me it's too low. I've been reading about the effects of Vitamin E and one possibility is bleeding. What would you suggest me to do? | hepatitis c | association | Q127-S1-A1 | 323 | Before taking any supplement, talk to a doctor or dietitian. If you take supplements, don't exceed the recommended doses. Some supplements in high amounts can be dangerous, particularly fat-soluble vitamins, such as A, D, E, and K. Here are some special concerns: Vitamin E supplements do not have benefits, though it used to be believed that Vitamin E prevented heart disease. High doses (greater than 400 IU/day) can have be dangerous. |
Q128 | lupus an info on the diseise | Need all up date on lupus an send by mail informations on this subject..please i need more information to see if what i am exprienceing is in fact related to lupus ...thank you. | lupus | information | Q128-S1-A1 | 324 | Summary If you have lupus, your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This can damage your joints, skin, blood vessels and organs. There are many kinds of lupus. The most common type, systemic lupus erythematosus, affects many parts of the body. Discoid lupus causes a rash that doesn't go away. Subacute cutaneous lupus causes sores after being out in the sun. Another type can be caused by medication. Neonatal lupus, which is rare, affects newborns. Anyone can get lupus, but women are most at risk. Lupus is also more common in African American, Hispanic, Asian and Native American women. The cause of lupus is not known. Lupus has many symptoms. Some common ones are - Joint pain or swelling - Muscle pain - Fever with no known cause - Fatigue - Red rashes, often on the face (also called the "butterfly rash") There is no one test to diagnose lupus, and it may take months or years to make the diagnosis. There is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases |
Q128 | lupus an info on the diseise | Need all up date on lupus an send by mail informations on this subject..please i need more information to see if what i am exprienceing is in fact related to lupus ...thank you. | lupus | information | Q128-S1-A2 | 326 | Summary If you have lupus, your immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues by mistake. This can damage your joints, skin, blood vessels and organs. There are many kinds of lupus. The most common type, systemic lupus erythematosus, affects many parts of the body. Discoid lupus causes a rash that doesn't go away. Subacute cutaneous lupus causes sores after being out in the sun. Another type can be caused by medication. Neonatal lupus, which is rare, affects newborns. Anyone can get lupus, but women are most at risk. Lupus is also more common in African American, Hispanic, Asian and Native American women. The cause of lupus is not known. Lupus has many symptoms. Some common ones are - Joint pain or swelling - Muscle pain - Fever with no known cause - Fatigue - Red rashes, often on the face (also called the "butterfly rash") There is no one test to diagnose lupus, and it may take months or years to make the diagnosis. There is no cure for lupus, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases |
Q129 | Kidney Stone | Hello Dr.,In a case of patient with Kidney Stone size of 1.2mm x 2.3mm. What can i do? Pls i need your advice. | kidney stone | treatment | Q129-S1-A1 | 328 | Treatment depends on the type of stone and the severity of your symptoms. Kidney stones that are small most often pass through your system on their own. - Your urine should be strained so the stone can be saved and tested. - Drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water per day to produce a large amount of urine. This will help the stone pass. - Pain can be very bad. Over-the-counter pain medicines (for example, ibuprofen and naproxen), either alone or along with narcotics, can be very effective. Some people with severe pain from kidney stones need to stay in the hospital. You may need to get fluids through a vein. For some types of stones, your provider may prescribe medicine to prevent stones from forming or help break down and remove the material that is causing the stone. These medicines can include: - Allopurinol (for uric acid stones) - Antibiotics (for struvite stones) - Diuretics - Phosphate solutions - Sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate - Water pills (thiazide diuretics) - Tamsulosin to relax the ureter and help the stone pass Surgery is often needed if: - The stone is too large to pass on its own - The stone is growing - The stone is blocking urine flow and causing an infection or kidney damage - The pain cannot be controlled Today, most treatments are much less invasive than in the past. - Lithotripsy is used to remove stones slightly smaller than a half an inch that are located in the kidney or ureter. It uses sound or shock waves to break up stones. Then, the stone fragments leave the body in the urine. It is also called extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy or ESWL. - Procedures performed by passing a special instrument through a small surgical cut in your skin and into your kidney or ureters are used for large stones, or when the kidneys or surrounding areas are incorrectly formed. The stone is removed with a tube (endoscope). - Ureteroscopy may be used for stones in the lower urinary tract. - Rarely, open surgery (nephrolithotomy) may be needed if other methods do not work or are not possible. Talk to your provider about what treatment options may work for you. |
Q130 | null | sepsis. Can sepsis be prevented. Can someone get this from a hospital? | sepsis | prevention | Q130-S1-A1 | 329 | The risk of sepsis can be reduced by getting all recommended vaccines. In the hospital, careful hand washing can help prevent infections that lead to sepsis. Prompt removal of urinary catheters and IV lines when they are no longer needed can also help prevent infections that lead to sepsis. |
Q131 | Please help me | I have been dealing with undiagnosed issues. It started 3 years ago as nausea and dull achy pain. Doctors decided to remove my gallbladder, even though it only had scarring. Since the surgery ([DATE]) I have had a sharp, stabbing random pain in that area and around it. I also get dull, crampy pain. Finally, the surgeon ordered a CT scan because the pain is so bad. His nurse called and said everything was fine. So I went to my primary, who noticed that I have ascites on my liver. My side is slightly bloated, was not before. And I am scared because I don't know what I'm supposed to do. No one will help me and I do not want to be on pain meds my whole life. Please let me know your thoughts or guide me in the direction I need, please. I live in south carolina, i dont know why when I made my email it had the co.uk | ascites | treatment | Q131-S1-A1 | 330 | LIFESTYLE CHANGES The condition that causes ascites will be treated, if possible. Treatments for fluid build-up may include lifestyle changes: - Avoiding alcohol - Lowering salt in your diet (no more than 1,500 mg/day of sodium) - Limiting fluid intake You may also get medicines from your doctor, including: - "Water pills" (diuretics) to get rid of extra fluid - Antibiotics for infections Other things you can do to help take care of your liver disease are: - Get vaccinated for diseases such as influenza, hepatitis A and hepatitis B, and pneumococcal pneumonia - Talk to your doctor about all medicines you take, including herbs and supplements and over-the-counter medicines Procedures that you may have are: - Inserting a needle into the belly to remove large volumes of fluid (called a paracentesis) - Placing a special tube or shunt inside your liver (TIPS) to repair blood flow to the liver People with end-stage liver disease may need a liver transplant. |
Q132 | Letrozole | Since taking Letrozole the last 4.6 months, I now have a 4 cm. csyst in front of my right ovary that must be removed. Why am I prescribed a drug that is also prescribed for young women trying to conceive. I am post menopausal and had early stage breast cancer in 2010. Now, that I am ending my 5 year run with this drug, I have adverse affects with a cysts. Is a cysts an egg that was not fertilized from the Follupian Tubes. I cannot understand this logic of giving me this drug? | Letrozole | indication | Q132-S1-A1 | 331 | Letrozole is used treat early breast cancer in women who have experienced menopause (change of life; end of monthly menstrual periods) and who have had other treatments, such as radiation or surgery to remove the tumor. It is also used to treat early breast cancer in women who have experienced menopause and who have already been treated with a medication called tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for 5 years. Letrozole is also used in women who have experienced menopause as a first treatment of breast cancer that has spread within the breast or to other areas of the body or in women whose breast cancer has worsened while they were taking tamoxifen. Letrozole is in a class of medications called nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. It works by decreasing the amount of estrogen produced by the body. This can slow or stop the growth of some types of breast cancer cells that need estrogen to grow. |
Q133 | Ochoa syndrome | Where could I find more information about the rare disease, Ochoa syndrome. I think a sibling of mine might have it. | ochoa syndrome | information | Q133-S1-A1 | 332 | Ochoa syndrome is a disorder characterized by urinary problems and unusual facial expressions. The urinary problems associated with Ochoa syndrome typically become apparent in early childhood or adolescence. People with this disorder may have difficulty controlling the flow of urine (incontinence), which can lead to bedwetting. Individuals with Ochoa syndrome may be unable to completely empty the bladder, often resulting in vesicoureteral reflux, a condition in which urine backs up into the ducts that normally carry it from each kidney to the bladder (the ureters). Urine may also accumulate in the kidneys (hydronephrosis). Vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis can lead to frequent infections of the urinary tract and kidney inflammation (pyelonephritis), causing damage that may eventually result in kidney failure. Individuals with Ochoa syndrome also exhibit a characteristic frown-like facial grimace when they try to smile or laugh, often described as inversion of facial expression. While this feature may appear earlier than the urinary tract symptoms, perhaps as early as an infant begins to smile, it is often not brought to medical attention. Approximately two-thirds of individuals with Ochoa syndrome also experience problems with bowel function, such as constipation, loss of bowel control, or muscle spasms of the anus. |
Q134 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - specific study | My name is [NAME] and I am 76 years old. I have had jock itch (just itch no rash) for 7 years. When I try to stop the itch comes back with a vengeance. I am currently using Ketoconazole 2% cream to control the itch. It appears that I am doomed to no cure but I hope I may be wrong. | jock itch | treatment | Q134-S1-A1 | 333 | Jock itch usually responds to self-care within a couple of weeks: - Keep the skin clean and dry in the groin area. - Do not wear clothing that rubs and irritates the area. Wear loose-fitting underwear. - Wash athletic supporters frequently. - Over-the-counter antifungal or drying powders can help control the infection. These contain medicine, such as miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, or tolnaftate. You may need treatment by a provider if your infection lasts longer than 2 weeks, is severe, or frequently returns. The provider may prescribe: - Stronger topical (applied to the skin) antifungal medicines or oral antifungal medicines - Antibiotics may be needed to treat bacterial infections that occur from scratching the area If you tend to get jock itch, continue to apply antifungal or drying powders after bathing, even when you do not have jock itch. |
Q135 | PTSD and IBS | I am looking for research on IBS and the link to PTSD. Thank you | ibs | association | Q135-S1-A1 | 334 | The results show a lower than expected prevalence of PTSD among IBS patients, which is similar to that of the general population. Thus, we did not find that PTSD is over-represented in a sample population of IBS patients. |
Q136 | Whipple's Disease | Your information about Whipple's Disease says that it is fatal if left untreated, but there is no information about HOW LONG a person can have it. I have been sick for 6 years and am having no luck getting a diagnosis, and it would be most helpful in ruling things out if I knew whether or not a particular illness would kill a person within a shorter time period than 6 years. Thank you. | whipple's disease | diagnosis | Q136-S1-A1 | 338 | A health care provider may use several tests and exams to diagnose Whipple disease, including the following: medical and family history physical exam blood tests upper GI endoscopy and enteroscopy A patient may be referred to a gastroenterologist—a doctor who specializes in digestive diseases. A health care provider may first try to rule out more common conditions with similar symptoms, including inflammatory rheumatic disease—characterized by inflammation and loss of function in one or more connecting or supporting structures of the body. celiac disease—a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of nutrients from food. People who have celiac disease cannot tolerate gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley. neurologic diseases—disorders of the central nervous system. intra-abdominal lymphoma—abdominal cancer in part of the immune system called the lymphatic system. Mycobacterium avium complex—an infection that affects people with AIDS. |
Q136 | Whipple's Disease | Your information about Whipple's Disease says that it is fatal if left untreated, but there is no information about HOW LONG a person can have it. I have been sick for 6 years and am having no luck getting a diagnosis, and it would be most helpful in ruling things out if I knew whether or not a particular illness would kill a person within a shorter time period than 6 years. Thank you. | whipple's disease | prognosis | Q136-S2-A1 | 339 | Without treatment, the condition is most often fatal. Treatment relieves symptoms and can cure the disease. |
Q137 | null | Treatment for optic nerve atrophy. Hello Name's case :[NAME] Sex : Male Date of Birth : 1964 Nationality : Libyan Diagnosis : optic nerve atrophy . i am suffering from optic atrophy, which led to loss of vision and inability to see, I suffer from this case from 1998 saluting suffered a fall on the head, which led to began this case even lost look, and have been performed process surgery in [LOCATION] in 1998-1999 . And then in 2009 cured by reactive optic nerve by Russian Professor . i want know you hospital have treatment for optic nerve atrophy , and what this treatment i need more information about treatment of optic nerve because now 16 years old I can not vision, and I wish could belive hope for treatment of my case. And i want know the cost of treatment . Thank you Regards / [NAME] | optic nerve atrophy | treatment | Q137-S1-A1 | 341 | Damage from optic nerve atrophy cannot be reversed. The underlying disease must be found and treated. Otherwise, vision loss will continue. Rarely, conditions that lead to optic atrophy may be treatable. |
Q137 | null | Treatment for optic nerve atrophy. Hello Name's case :[NAME] Sex : Male Date of Birth : 1964 Nationality : Libyan Diagnosis : optic nerve atrophy . i am suffering from optic atrophy, which led to loss of vision and inability to see, I suffer from this case from 1998 saluting suffered a fall on the head, which led to began this case even lost look, and have been performed process surgery in [LOCATION] in 1998-1999 . And then in 2009 cured by reactive optic nerve by Russian Professor . i want know you hospital have treatment for optic nerve atrophy , and what this treatment i need more information about treatment of optic nerve because now 16 years old I can not vision, and I wish could belive hope for treatment of my case. And i want know the cost of treatment . Thank you Regards / [NAME] | optic nerve atrophy | prognosis | Q137-S2-A1 | 342 | Vision lost to optic nerve atrophy cannot be recovered. It is very important to protect the other eye. |
Q138 | symptoms of dehydration | When a person is very dehydrated do they sometimes get a tight pain in their chest (right below the breasts) right before they faint/pass out? | dehydration | symptom | Q138-S1-A1 | 343 | Signs of mild to moderate dehydration: - Thirst - Dry or sticky mouth - Not urinating much - Darker yellow urine - Dry, cool skin - Headache - Muscle cramps Signs of severe dehydration: - Not urinating, or very dark yellow or amber-colored urine - Dry, shriveled skin - Irritability or confusion - Dizziness or light-headedness - Rapid heartbeat - Rapid breathing - Sunken eyes - Listlessness - Shock (not enough blood flow through the body) - Unconsciousness or delirium |
Q139 | null | Name: [NAME] Date and Time of Contact: Thu, 1 Jan 2015 16:10:06 GMT Application: myncbi SessionId: CE9069DE4A56A0A1_0093SID MyNCBI UserName: Host: portal205 Snapshot: /projects/MyNCBI/myncbiPortal@2.45 Browser's user agent header: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.2) Application Page Generation Time: 2015-01-01T11:03:27-05:00 Page: recentactivity Message Body: We live in [LOCATION] and my husband has been detected an insulinoma.Need further information on the matter as doctors have not seen one here. Greatly appreciate your reply. Happy New Year to you all and many many tahanks for your help. | insulinoma | information | Q139-S1-A1 | 344 | An insulinoma is a tumor in the pancreas that produces too much insulin. |
Q140 | chickenpox | I do not know if I had chickenpox. Is there a blood test available to tell me ? And if not which vaccine should I get, if any ? | chickenpox | prevention | Q140-S1-A1 | 345 | Because chickenpox is airborne and spreads very easily even before the rash appears, it is hard to avoid. A vaccine to prevent chickenpox is part of a child's routine vaccine schedule. The vaccine often prevents the chickenpox disease completely or makes the illness very mild. Talk to your provider if you think your child might be at high risk for complications and might have been exposed. Taking preventive steps right away may be important. Giving the vaccine early after exposure may still reduce the severity of the disease. |
Q141 | null | Does either of these help with skin keloids? What would help keloids? | keloids | treatment | Q141-S1-A1 | 346 | Keloids often do not need treatment. If the keloid bothers you, these things can be done to reduce the size: - Corticosteroid injections - Freezing (cryotherapy) - Laser treatments - Radiation - Surgical removal - Silicone gel or patches Sometimes these treatments cause the keloid scar to become larger. |
Q142 | Rheumatoid arthritis | Dear Sir- my wife is suffering from subject since last couples of years, and recently diagnose that she is effected with subject. therefore i need your kind support for treatment and percussion step. awaiting your kind reply and action. thanks and best Regards | rheumatoid arthritis | treatment | Q142-S1-A1 | 347 | RA most often requires lifelong treatment, including medicines, physical therapy, exercise, education, and possibly surgery. Early, aggressive treatment for RA can with newer drug categories can be very helpful slowing joint destruction and preventing deformities. MEDICINES Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): These are often the drugs that are tried first in people with RA. They are prescribed along with rest, strengthening exercise, and anti-inflammatory drugs. - Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) is the most commonly used DMARD for rheumatoid arthritis. Leflunomide (Arava) and hydroxychloroquine may also be used. - Sulfasalazine is an anti-inflammatory drug that is often combined with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine (triple therapy). - These drugs may have serious side effects, so you will need frequent blood tests when taking them. Anti-inflammatory medications: These include aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen. - Although NSAIDs work well, long-term use can cause stomach problems, including ulcers and bleeding, and possible heart problems. - Celecoxib (Celebrex) is another anti-inflammatory drug. Drugs in this class (COX-2 inhibitors) may increase heart attack and stroke risk for some people. Talk to your doctor about whether these medicines are right for you. Antimalarial medications: This group of medicines includes hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil). They are most often used along with methotrexate. It may be weeks or months before you see any benefit from these drugs. Corticosteroids: These medicines work very well to reduce joint swelling and inflammation, but they can have long-term side effects. Therefore, they should be taken only for a short time and in low doses when possible. Biologic agents: These drugs are designed to affect parts of the immune system that play a role in the disease process of rheumatoid arthritis. They may be given when other medicines for rheumatoid arthritis have not worked. Sometimes biologic drugs are started sooner, along with other rheumatoid arthritis drugs. Most of them are given either under the skin (subcutaneously) or into a vein (intravenously). There are different types of biologic agents: - White blood cell modulators include: abatacept (Orencia) and rituximab (Rituxan) - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors include: adalimumab (Humira), etanercept (Enbrel), infliximab (Remicade), golimumab (Simponi), and certolizumab (Cimzia) - Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors: tocilizumab (Actemra) Biologic agents can be very helpful in treating rheumatoid arthritis. However, people taking these drugs must be watched very closely because of serious risk factors: - Infections from bacteria, viruses, and fungi - Leukemia or lymphoma - Psoriasis - Allergic reactions Other drugs: - Janus kinase inhibitor: Tofacitinib (Xeljanz). This is a medicine taken by mouth that is now approved for treating RA. SURGERY Surgery may be needed to correct severely damaged joints. Surgery may include: - Removal of the joint lining (synovectomy) - Total joint replacement in extreme cases; may include total knee, hip replacement, ankle replacement, shoulder replacement, and others PHYSICAL THERAPY Range-of-motion exercises and exercise programs prescribed by a physical therapist can delay the loss of joint function and help keep muscles strong. Sometimes, therapists will use special machines to apply deep heat or electrical stimulation to reduce pain and improve joint movement. Other therapies that may help ease joint pain include: - Joint protection techniques - Heat and cold treatments - Splints or orthotic devices to support and align joints - Frequent rest periods between activities, as well as 8 to 10 hours of sleep per night NUTRITION Some people with RA may have intolerance or allergies to certain foods. A balanced nutritious diet is recommended. It may be helpful to eat foods rich in fish oils (omega-3 fatty acids). Smoking cigarettes should be stopped. Excessive alcohol should also be avoided. |
Q142 | Rheumatoid arthritis | Dear Sir- my wife is suffering from subject since last couples of years, and recently diagnose that she is effected with subject. therefore i need your kind support for treatment and percussion step. awaiting your kind reply and action. thanks and best Regards | rheumatoid arthritis | treatment | Q142-S1-A2 | 348 | These resources address the diagnosis or management of rheumatoid arthritis: - American College of Rheumatology: ACR-Endorsed Criteria for Rheumatic Diseases - American College of Rheumatology: Treatment for Rheumatic Diseases - Genetic Testing Registry: Rheumatoid arthritis These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions: - Diagnostic Tests - Drug Therapy - Surgery and Rehabilitation - Genetic Counseling - Palliative Care |
Q142 | Rheumatoid arthritis | Dear Sir- my wife is suffering from subject since last couples of years, and recently diagnose that she is effected with subject. therefore i need your kind support for treatment and percussion step. awaiting your kind reply and action. thanks and best Regards | rheumatoid arthritis | treatment | Q142-S1-A3 | 349 | Most Symptoms Are Treatable Doctors use a variety of approaches to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The goals of treatment are to help relieve pain, reduce swelling, slow down or help prevent joint damage, increase the ability to function, and improve the sense of well-being. Current treatment approaches include - lifestyle modification - medications - surgery - routine monitoring and ongoing care. lifestyle modification medications surgery routine monitoring and ongoing care. Balance Rest and Exercise People with rheumatoid arthritis need a good balance between rest and exercise; they should rest more when the disease is active and exercise more when it is not. Rest helps to reduce active joint inflammation and pain and to fight fatigue. The length of time for rest will vary from person to person, but in general, shorter rest breaks every now and then are more helpful than long times spent in bed. Exercise is important for maintaining healthy and strong muscles, preserving joint mobility, and maintaining flexibility. Exercise can also help people sleep well, reduce pain, maintain a positive attitude, and manage weight. Exercise programs should take into account the person’s physical abilities, limitations, and changing needs. Learn more about the health benefits of exercise for older adults. More information about exercise and physical activity for older adults can be found at Go4Life®, the exercise and physical activity campaign from the National Institute on Aging. Reduce Stress People with rheumatoid arthritis face emotional challenges as well as physical ones. The emotions they feel because of the disease—fear, anger, and frustration—combined with any pain and physical limitations can increase their stress level. Finding ways to reduce stress is important. Regular rest periods can help and so can relaxation, distraction, or visualization exercises. Exercise programs, participation in support groups, and good communication with the health care team are other ways to reduce stress. For more information on exercise classes, you may want to contact the Arthritis Foundation at 1-800-283-7800. Learn about relaxation techniques that may relieve tension. Eat a Healthful Diet Special diets, vitamin supplements, and other alternative approaches have been suggested for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Although such approaches may not be harmful, scientific studies have not yet shown any benefits. Special diets, vitamin supplements, and other alternative approaches have been suggested for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Although such approaches may not be harmful, scientific studies have not yet shown any benefits. See Eating Well as You Get Older for more about healthy eating. Reduce Stress on Joints Some people find using a splint for a short time around a painful joint reduces pain and swelling by supporting the joint and letting it rest. Splints are used mostly on wrists and hands, but also on ankles and feet. A doctor or a physical or occupational therapist can help a person choose a splint and make sure it fits properly. Other ways to reduce stress on joints include - self-help devices (for example, zipper pullers, long-handled shoe horns) - devices to help with getting on and off chairs, toilet seats, and beds - changes in the ways that a person carries out daily activities. self-help devices (for example, zipper pullers, long-handled shoe horns) devices to help with getting on and off chairs, toilet seats, and beds changes in the ways that a person carries out daily activities. Medications Most people who have rheumatoid arthritis take medications. Some drugs only provide relief for pain; others reduce inflammation. Still others, called disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or DMARDs, can often slow the course of the disease. - DMARDs include methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and cyclosporine. DMARDs include methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and cyclosporine. - Steroids, which are also called corticosteroids, are another type of drug used to reduce inflammation for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Cortisone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone are some commonly used steroids. Steroids, which are also called corticosteroids, are another type of drug used to reduce inflammation for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Cortisone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone are some commonly used steroids. - DMARDS called biologic response modifiers also can help reduce joint damage. These drugs include etanercept, infliximab, anakinra, golimumab, adalimumab, rituximab, and abatacept. DMARDS called biologic response modifiers also can help reduce joint damage. These drugs include etanercept, infliximab, anakinra, golimumab, adalimumab, rituximab, and abatacept. - Another DMARD, tofacitinib, from a new class of drugs called jak kinase (JAK) inhibitors is also available. Another DMARD, tofacitinib, from a new class of drugs called jak kinase (JAK) inhibitors is also available. Early treatment with powerful drugs and drug combinations -- including biologic response modifiers and DMARDs -- instead of single drugs may help prevent the disease from progressing and greatly reduce joint damage. Surgery In some cases, a doctor will recommend surgery to restore function or relieve pain in a damaged joint. Surgery may also improve a person's ability to perform daily activities. Joint replacement and tendon reconstruction are two types of surgery available to patients with severe joint damage. Routine Monitoring and Ongoing Care Regular medical care is important to monitor the course of the disease, determine the effectiveness and any negative effects of medications, and change therapies as needed. Monitoring typically includes regular visits to the doctor. It also may include blood, urine, and other laboratory tests and x rays. Monitor Osteoporosis Risk People with rheumatoid arthritis may want to discuss preventing osteoporosis with their doctors as part of their long-term, ongoing care. Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become weakened and fragile. Having rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of developing osteoporosis for both men and women, particularly if a person takes corticosteroids. Such patients may want to discuss with their doctors the potential benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplements or other treatments for osteoporosis. See What is Osteoporosis? to learn more about this disease. |
Q142 | Rheumatoid arthritis | Dear Sir- my wife is suffering from subject since last couples of years, and recently diagnose that she is effected with subject. therefore i need your kind support for treatment and percussion step. awaiting your kind reply and action. thanks and best Regards | rheumatoid arthritis | treatment | Q142-S1-A4 | 350 | Medication, exercise, and, in some cases, surgery are common treatments for this disease. Most people who have rheumatoid arthritis take medications. Some drugs only provide relief for pain; others reduce inflammation. People with rheumatoid arthritis can also benefit from exercise, but they need to maintain a good balance between rest and exercise. They should get rest when the disease is active and get more exercise when it is not. In some cases, a doctor will recommend surgery to restore function or relieve pain in a damaged joint. Several types of surgery are available to patients with severe joint damage. Joint replacement and tendon reconstruction are examples. |
Q142 | Rheumatoid arthritis | Dear Sir- my wife is suffering from subject since last couples of years, and recently diagnose that she is effected with subject. therefore i need your kind support for treatment and percussion step. awaiting your kind reply and action. thanks and best Regards | rheumatoid arthritis | treatment | Q142-S1-A5 | 351 | Most people who have rheumatoid arthritis take medications. Some drugs only provide relief for pain; others reduce inflammation. Still others, called disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or DMARDs, can often slow the course of the disease. - DMARDs include methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and cyclosporine. - Steroids, which are also called corticosteroids, are another type of drug used to reduce inflammation for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Cortisone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone are some commonly used steroids. - DMARDs called biological response modifiers also can help reduce joint damage. These drugs include etanercept, infliximab, and anakinra. - Another DMARD, tofacitinib, from a new class of drugs called jak kinase (JAK) inhibitors is also available. DMARDs include methotrexate, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and cyclosporine. Steroids, which are also called corticosteroids, are another type of drug used to reduce inflammation for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Cortisone, hydrocortisone, and prednisone are some commonly used steroids. DMARDs called biological response modifiers also can help reduce joint damage. These drugs include etanercept, infliximab, and anakinra. Another DMARD, tofacitinib, from a new class of drugs called jak kinase (JAK) inhibitors is also available. Early treatment with powerful drugs and drug combinations -- including biological response modifiers and DMARDs -- instead of single drugs may help prevent the disease from progressing and greatly reduce joint damage. |
Q143 | ClinicalTrials.gov - Question - general information | Dear Sir. I am [NAME] from India gujarat state. My father is 61 years older suffering with Pancreatic cancer and it's in 3/4 Rd stage. All doctors are help less for us as they told my father can't leave more then 4 months. . I want to take your suggestions and help for my father's Pancreatic cancer. I want to save my father's life . If any type of treatment is available then please help me. Please contact me on my below mobile no. [CONTACT] | pancreatic cancer | treatment | Q143-S1-A1 | 352 | Treatment for adenocarcinoma depends on the stage of the tumor. Surgery may be done if the tumor has not spread or has spread very little. Along with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both may be used before or after surgery. A small number of people can be cured with this treatment approach. When the tumor has not spread out of the pancreas but cannot be surgically removed, chemotherapy and radiation therapy together may be recommended. When the tumor has spread (metastasized) to other organs such as the liver, chemotherapy alone is usually used. With advanced cancer, the goal of treatment is to manage pain and other symptoms. For example, if the tube that carries bile is blocked by the pancreatic tumor, a procedure to place a tiny metal tube (stent) may be done to open the blockage. This can help relieve loss of appetite, jaundice, and itching of the skin. |
Q144 | null | printed materials on osteoporosis. Is there any way you can please mail me literature on osteoporosis, I was just diagnosed. Thank you, [NAME] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] | osteoporosis | information | Q144-S1-A1 | 354 | Summary Osteoporosis makes your bones weak and more likely to break. Anyone can develop osteoporosis, but it is common in older women. As many as half of all women and a quarter of men older than 50 will break a bone due to osteoporosis. Risk factors include - Getting older - Being small and thin - Having a family history of osteoporosis - Taking certain medicines - Being a white or Asian woman - Having osteopenia, which is low bone density Osteoporosis is a silent disease. You might not know you have it until you break a bone. A bone mineral density test is the best way to check your bone health. To keep bones strong, eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, exercise and do not smoke. If needed, medicines can also help. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases |
Q144 | null | printed materials on osteoporosis. Is there any way you can please mail me literature on osteoporosis, I was just diagnosed. Thank you, [NAME] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] | osteoporosis | information | Q144-S1-A2 | 355 | A Bone Disease Osteoporosis is a disease that thins and weakens the bones to the point that they become fragile and break easily. Women and men with osteoporosis most often break bones in the hip, spine, and wrist, but any bone can be affected. You can't "catch" osteoporosis or give it to someone else. In the United States, more than 53 million people either already have osteoporosis or are at high risk due to low bone mass, placing them at risk for more serious bone loss and fractures. Although osteoporosis can strike at any age, it is most common among older people, especially older women. How Bone Loss Occurs Bone is living tissue. Throughout our lives, the body breaks down old bone and replaces it with new bone. But as people age, more bone is broken down than is replaced. The inside of a bone normally looks like a honeycomb, but when a person has osteoporosis, the spaces inside this honeycomb become larger, reflecting the loss of bone density and strength. (The word "osteoporosis" means "porous bone.") The outside of long bones -- called the cortex -- also thins, further weakening the bone. Sometime around the age of 30, bone mass stops increasing, and the goal for bone health is to keep as much bone as possible for as long as you can. In most women, the rate of bone loss increases for several years after menopause, then slows down again, but continues. In men, the bone loss occurs more slowly. But by age 65 or 70, most men and women are losing bone at the same rate. Weak Bones Can Lead to Fractures Osteoporosis is often called "silent" because bone loss occurs without symptoms. People may not know that they have osteoporosis until a sudden strain, bump, or fall causes a bone to break. This can result in a trip to the hospital, surgery, and possibly a long-term disabling condition. Broken bones in your spine are painful and very slow to heal. People with weak bones in their spine gradually lose height and their posture becomes hunched over. Over time a bent spine can make it hard to walk or even sit up. Broken hips are a very serious problem as we age. They greatly increase the risk of death, especially during the year after they break. People who break a hip might not recover for months or even years. Because they often cannot care for themselves, they are more likely to have to live in a nursing home. Prevention and Treatment The good news is that osteoporosis can often be prevented and treated. Healthy lifestyle choices such as proper diet, exercise, and treatment medications can help prevent further bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures. |
Q144 | null | printed materials on osteoporosis. Is there any way you can please mail me literature on osteoporosis, I was just diagnosed. Thank you, [NAME] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] | osteoporosis | information | Q144-S1-A3 | 356 | Scientists are pursuing a wide range of basic and clinical studies on osteoporosis. Significant advances in preventing and treating osteoporosis continue to be made. Such advances are the direct result of research focused on - determining the causes and consequences of bone loss at the cellular and tissue levels - assessing risk factors - developing new strategies to maintain and even enhance bone density and reduce fracture risk - exploring the roles of such factors as genetics, hormones, calcium, vitamin D, drugs, and exercise on bone mass. determining the causes and consequences of bone loss at the cellular and tissue levels assessing risk factors developing new strategies to maintain and even enhance bone density and reduce fracture risk exploring the roles of such factors as genetics, hormones, calcium, vitamin D, drugs, and exercise on bone mass. Get more information about ongoing research on osteoporosis from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) at NIH. |
Q144 | null | printed materials on osteoporosis. Is there any way you can please mail me literature on osteoporosis, I was just diagnosed. Thank you, [NAME] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] [LOCATION] | osteoporosis | information | Q144-S1-A4 | 357 | Osteoporosis is a disease that thins and weakens the bones to the point that they break easily. Women and men with osteoporosis most often break bones in the hip, spine, and wrist, but osteoporosis can be the cause of bone fractures anywhere. |
Q145 | Sheehan's Syndrome | I was diagnosed with sheehans syndrome almost 14 years after almost dying after the birth of my daughter. My blood level fell to 1.3 I had a partial hysterectomy following the birth. I recently had my thyroid removed after diagnosis of cancer and was told that I am post menopause, I am only 39 years old. Do you have any information regarding diagnosis and misdiagnosis. What should the medical care have done to identify the syndrome? | sheehans syndrome | diagnosis | Q145-S1-A1 | 368 | Tests you may have include: - Blood tests to measure hormone levels - MRI of the head to rule out other pituitary problems, such as a tumor |
Q145 | Sheehan's Syndrome | I was diagnosed with sheehans syndrome almost 14 years after almost dying after the birth of my daughter. My blood level fell to 1.3 I had a partial hysterectomy following the birth. I recently had my thyroid removed after diagnosis of cancer and was told that I am post menopause, I am only 39 years old. Do you have any information regarding diagnosis and misdiagnosis. What should the medical care have done to identify the syndrome? | sheehans syndrome | diagnosis | Q145-S1-A2 | 369 | Diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome can be difficult. The diagnosis is based on clinical evidence of hypopituitarism in a woman with a history of severe postpartum bleeding. Blood tests to measure hormone levels and CT scan of the head (to rule out other pituitary problems such as a tumor) may help to confirm the diagnosis. |
Q146 | frozen shoulder | We have 14 siblings in our family , at least 10 of us has had a frozen shoulder. We are wondering why? should we be concerned? | frozen shoulder | cause | Q146-S1-A1 | 372 | The capsule of the shoulder joint has ligaments that hold the shoulder bones to each other. When the capsule becomes inflamed, the shoulder bones are unable to move freely in the joint. Most of the time, there is no cause for frozen shoulder. Risk factors include: - Diabetes - Thyroid problems - Changes in your hormones, such as during menopause - Shoulder injury - Shoulder surgery - Open heart surgery - Cervical disk disease of the neck |
Q146 | frozen shoulder | We have 14 siblings in our family , at least 10 of us has had a frozen shoulder. We are wondering why? should we be concerned? | frozen shoulder | information | Q146-S2-A1 | 373 | Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint. Signs and symptoms typically begin gradually, worsen over time and then resolve, usually within one to three years. Your risk of developing frozen shoulder increases if you're recovering from a medical condition or procedure that prevents you from moving your arm — such as a stroke or a mastectomy. Treatment for frozen shoulder involves range-of-motion exercises and, sometimes, corticosteroids and numbing medications injected into the joint capsule. In a small percentage of cases, arthroscopic surgery may be indicated to loosen the joint capsule so that it can move more freely. It's unusual for frozen shoulder to recur in the same shoulder, but some people can develop it in the opposite shoulder. |
Q147 | null | Name: [NAME] Date and Time of Contact: Mon, 19 Jan 2015 19:48:21 GMT Application: entrez Database: pubmed SessionId: 39700B4F4BD5E951_0188SID MyNCBI UserName: Browser's user agent header: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10) AppleWebKit/600.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Safari/600.1.25 Message Body: how are you 100% sure if you have asthma? | asthma | diagnosis | Q147-S1-A1 | 376 | The health care provider will use a stethoscope to listen to your lungs. Wheezing or other asthma-related sounds may be heard. Tests that may be ordered include: - Allergy testing - skin or a blood test to see if a person with asthma is allergic to certain substances - Arterial blood gas (usually only done with patients who are having a severe asthma attack) - Chest x-ray - Lung function tests, including peak flow measurements |
Q147 | null | Name: [NAME] Date and Time of Contact: Mon, 19 Jan 2015 19:48:21 GMT Application: entrez Database: pubmed SessionId: 39700B4F4BD5E951_0188SID MyNCBI UserName: Browser's user agent header: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10) AppleWebKit/600.1.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/8.0 Safari/600.1.25 Message Body: how are you 100% sure if you have asthma? | asthma | diagnosis | Q147-S1-A2 | 377 | Your primary care doctor will diagnose asthma based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results. Your doctor also will figure out the severity of your asthma—that is, whether it's intermittent, mild, moderate, or severe. The level of severity will determine what treatment you'll start on. You may need to see an asthma specialist if: You need special tests to help diagnose asthma You've had a life-threatening asthma attack You need more than one kind of medicine or higher doses of medicine to control your asthma, or if you have overall problems getting your asthma well controlled You're thinking about getting allergy treatments Medical and Family Histories Your doctor may ask about your family history of asthma and allergies. He or she also may ask whether you have asthma symptoms and when and how often they occur. Let your doctor know whether your symptoms seem to happen only during certain times of the year or in certain places, or if they get worse at night. Your doctor also may want to know what factors seem to trigger your symptoms or worsen them. For more information about possible asthma triggers, go to "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Asthma?" Your doctor may ask you about related health conditions that can interfere with asthma management. These conditions include a runny nose, sinus infections, reflux disease, psychological stress, and sleep apnea. Physical Exam Your doctor will listen to your breathing and look for signs of asthma or allergies. These signs include wheezing, a runny nose or swollen nasal passages, and allergic skin conditions (such as eczema). Keep in mind that you can still have asthma even if you don't have these signs on the day that your doctor examines you. Diagnostic Tests Lung Function Test Your doctor will use a test called spirometry (spi-ROM-eh-tre) to check how your lungs are working. This test measures how much air you can breathe in and out. It also measures how fast you can blow air out. Your doctor also may give you medicine and then test you again to see whether the results have improved. If the starting results are lower than normal and improve with the medicine, and if your medical history shows a pattern of asthma symptoms, your diagnosis will likely be asthma. Other Tests Your doctor may recommend other tests if he or she needs more information to make a diagnosis. Other tests may include: Allergy testing to find out which allergens affect you, if any. A test to measure how sensitive your airways are. This is called a bronchoprovocation (brong-KO-prav-eh-KA-shun) test. Using spirometry, this test repeatedly measures your lung function during physical activity or after you receive increasing doses of cold air or a special chemical to breathe in. A test to show whether you have another condition with the same symptoms as asthma, such as reflux disease, vocal cord dysfunction, or sleep apnea. A chest x ray or an EKG (electrocardiogram). These tests will help find out whether a foreign object or other disease may be causing your symptoms. Diagnosing Asthma in Young Children Most children who have asthma develop their first symptoms before 5 years of age. However, asthma in young children (aged 0 to 5 years) can be hard to diagnose. Sometimes it's hard to tell whether a child has asthma or another childhood condition. This is because the symptoms of asthma also occur with other conditions. Also, many young children who wheeze when they get colds or respiratory infections don't go on to have asthma after they're 6 years old. A child may wheeze because he or she has small airways that become even narrower during colds or respiratory infections. The airways grow as the child grows older, so wheezing no longer occurs when the child gets colds. A young child who has frequent wheezing with colds or respiratory infections is more likely to have asthma if: One or both parents have asthma The child has signs of allergies, including the allergic skin condition eczema The child has allergic reactions to pollens or other airborne allergens The child wheezes even when he or she doesn't have a cold or other infection The most certain way to diagnose asthma is with a lung function test, a medical history, and a physical exam. However, it's hard to do lung function tests in children younger than 5 years. Thus, doctors must rely on children's medical histories, signs and symptoms, and physical exams to make a diagnosis. Doctors also may use a 4–6 week trial of asthma medicines to see how well a child responds. |
Q148 | null | I want more information on Hypertension and fibromyalgia, I seem to be getting only topics on diabetes and I do not have this. I enjoy reading the current info. thanks [NAME] | hypertension | information | Q148-S1-A1 | 378 | Blood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure readings are given as two numbers. The top number is called the systolic blood pressure. The bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure. For example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg). One or both of these numbers can be too high. (Note: These numbers apply to people who are not taking medicines for blood pressure and are not ill.) - Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time. - High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time. - If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension. If you have heart or kidney problems, or you had a stroke, your doctor may want your blood pressure to be even lower than that of people who do not have these conditions. |
Q148 | null | I want more information on Hypertension and fibromyalgia, I seem to be getting only topics on diabetes and I do not have this. I enjoy reading the current info. thanks [NAME] | hypertension | information | Q148-S1-A2 | 379 | Summary Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure. Your blood pressure reading uses these two numbers. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number. A reading of - 119/79 or lower is normal blood pressure - 140/90 or higher is high blood pressure - Between 120 and 139 for the top number, or between 80 and 89 for the bottom number is called prehypertension. Prehypertension means you may end up with high blood pressure, unless you take steps to prevent it. High blood pressure usually has no symptoms, but it can cause serious problems such as stroke, heart failure, heart attack and kidney failure. You can control high blood pressure through healthy lifestyle habits such as exercise and the DASH diet and taking medicines, if needed. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute |
Q148 | null | I want more information on Hypertension and fibromyalgia, I seem to be getting only topics on diabetes and I do not have this. I enjoy reading the current info. thanks [NAME] | fibromyalgia | information | Q148-S2-A1 | 380 | Fibromyalgia is a common syndrome in which a person has long-term pain, spread throughout the body. The pain is most often linked to fatigue, sleep problems, headaches, depression, and anxiety. People with fibromalgia may also have tenderness in the joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues. |
Q148 | null | I want more information on Hypertension and fibromyalgia, I seem to be getting only topics on diabetes and I do not have this. I enjoy reading the current info. thanks [NAME] | fibromyalgia | information | Q148-S2-A2 | 381 | Summary Fibromyalgia is a disorder that causes muscle pain and fatigue. People with fibromyalgia have "tender points" on the body. Tender points are specific places on the neck, shoulders, back, hips, arms, and legs. These points hurt when pressure is put on them. People with fibromyalgia may also have other symptoms, such as - Trouble sleeping - Morning stiffness - Headaches - Painful menstrual periods - Tingling or numbness in hands and feet - Problems with thinking and memory (sometimes called "fibro fog") No one knows what causes fibromyalgia. Anyone can get it, but it is most common in middle-aged women. People with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases are particularly likely to develop fibromyalgia. There is no cure for fibromyalgia, but medicine can help you manage your symptoms. Getting enough sleep, exercising, and eating well may also help. NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases |
Q149 | asthma | Question. What is the consensus of medical doctors as to whether asthma can be cured? And do you have an article discussing whether asthma can be cured? | asthma | treatment | Q149-S1-A1 | 382 | The goals of treatment are: - Control airway swelling - Stay away from substances that trigger your symptoms - Help you to be able to do normal activities without asthma symptoms You and your doctor should work as a team to manage your asthma. Follow your doctor's instructions on taking medicines, eliminating asthma triggers, and monitoring symptoms. MEDICINES FOR ASTHMA There are two kinds of medicines for treating asthma: - Control medicines to help prevent attacks - Quick-relief (rescue) medicines for use during attacks LONG-TERM MEDICINES These are also called maintenance or control medicines. They are used to prevent symptoms in people with moderate to severe asthma. You must take them every day for them to work. Take them even when you feel OK. Some long-term medicines are breathed in (inhaled), such as steroids and long-acting beta-agonists. Others are taken by mouth (orally). Your doctor will prescribe the right medicine for you. QUICK-RELIEF MEDICINES These are also called rescue medicines. They are taken: - For coughing, wheezing, trouble breathing, or an asthma attack - Just before exercising to help prevent asthma symptoms caused by exercise Tell your doctor if you are using quick-relief medicines twice a week or more. If so, your asthma may not be under control and your doctor may need to change your dose of daily control drugs. Quick-relief medicines include: - Short-acting inhaled bronchodilators - Oral corticosteroids for when you have an asthma attack that is not going away A severe asthma attack requires a checkup by a doctor. You may also need a hospital stay. There, you will likely be given oxygen, breathing assistance, and medicines given through a vein (IV). ASTHMA CARE AT HOME - Know the asthma symptoms to watch for. - Know how to take your peak flow reading and what it means. - Know which triggers make your asthma worse and what to do when this happens. - Know how to care for your asthma when you exercise. Asthma action plans are written documents for managing asthma. An asthma action plan should include: - Instructions for taking asthma medicines when your condition is stable - A list of asthma triggers and how to avoid them - How to recognize when your asthma is getting worse, and when to call your doctor or nurse A peak flow meter is a simple device to measure how quickly you can move air out of your lungs. - It can help you see if an attack is coming, sometimes even before symptoms appear. Peak flow measurements help let you know when you need to take medicine or other action. - Peak flow values of 50 to 80% of your best results are a sign of a moderate asthma attack. Numbers below 50% are a sign of a severe attack. |
Q149 | asthma | Question. What is the consensus of medical doctors as to whether asthma can be cured? And do you have an article discussing whether asthma can be cured? | asthma | treatment | Q149-S1-A2 | 383 | Asthma is a long-term disease that has no cure. The goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease. Good asthma control will: Prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath Reduce your need for quick-relief medicines (see below) Help you maintain good lung function Let you maintain your normal activity level and sleep through the night Prevent asthma attacks that could result in an emergency room visit or hospital stay To control asthma, partner with your doctor to manage your asthma or your child's asthma. Children aged 10 or older—and younger children who are able—should take an active role in their asthma care. Taking an active role to control your asthma involves: Working with your doctor to treat other conditions that can interfere with asthma management. Avoiding things that worsen your asthma (asthma triggers). However, one trigger you should not avoid is physical activity. Physical activity is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Talk with your doctor about medicines that can help you stay active. Working with your doctor and other health care providers to create and follow an asthma action plan. An asthma action plan gives guidance on taking your medicines properly, avoiding asthma triggers (except physical activity), tracking your level of asthma control, responding to worsening symptoms, and seeking emergency care when needed. Asthma is treated with two types of medicines: long-term control and quick-relief medicines. Long-term control medicines help reduce airway inflammation and prevent asthma symptoms. Quick-relief, or "rescue," medicines relieve asthma symptoms that may flare up. Your initial treatment will depend on the severity of your asthma. Followup asthma treatment will depend on how well your asthma action plan is controlling your symptoms and preventing asthma attacks. Your level of asthma control can vary over time and with changes in your home, school, or work environments. These changes can alter how often you're exposed to the factors that can worsen your asthma. Your doctor may need to increase your medicine if your asthma doesn't stay under control. On the other hand, if your asthma is well controlled for several months, your doctor may decrease your medicine. These adjustments to your medicine will help you maintain the best control possible with the least amount of medicine necessary. Asthma treatment for certain groups of people—such as children, pregnant women, or those for whom exercise brings on asthma symptoms—will be adjusted to meet their special needs. Follow an Asthma Action Plan You can work with your doctor to create a personal asthma action plan. The plan will describe your daily treatments, such as which medicines to take and when to take them. The plan also will explain when to call your doctor or go to the emergency room. If your child has asthma, all of the people who care for him or her should know about the child's asthma action plan. This includes babysitters and workers at daycare centers, schools, and camps. These caretakers can help your child follow his or her action plan. Go to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI's) "Asthma Action Plan" for a sample plan. Avoid Things That Can Worsen Your Asthma Many common things (called asthma triggers) can set off or worsen your asthma symptoms. Once you know what these things are, you can take steps to control many of them. (For more information about asthma triggers, go to "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Asthma?") For example, exposure to pollens or air pollution might make your asthma worse. If so, try to limit time outdoors when the levels of these substances in the outdoor air are high. If animal fur triggers your asthma symptoms, keep pets with fur out of your home or bedroom. One possible asthma trigger you shouldn’t avoid is physical activity. Physical activity is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Talk with your doctor about medicines that can help you stay active. The NHLBI offers many useful tips for controlling asthma triggers. For more information, go to page 2 of NHLBI's "Asthma Action Plan." If your asthma symptoms are clearly related to allergens, and you can't avoid exposure to those allergens, your doctor may advise you to get allergy shots. You may need to see a specialist if you're thinking about getting allergy shots. These shots can lessen or prevent your asthma symptoms, but they can't cure your asthma. Several health conditions can make asthma harder to manage. These conditions include runny nose, sinus infections, reflux disease, psychological stress, and sleep apnea. Your doctor will treat these conditions as well. Medicines Your doctor will consider many things when deciding which asthma medicines are best for you. He or she will check to see how well a medicine works for you. Then, he or she will adjust the dose or medicine as needed. Asthma medicines can be taken in pill form, but most are taken using a device called an inhaler. An inhaler allows the medicine to go directly to your lungs. Not all inhalers are used the same way. Ask your doctor or another health care provider to show you the right way to use your inhaler. Review the way you use your inhaler at every medical visit. Long-Term Control Medicines Most people who have asthma need to take long-term control medicines daily to help prevent symptoms. The most effective long-term medicines reduce airway inflammation, which helps prevent symptoms from starting. These medicines don't give you quick relief from symptoms. Inhaled corticosteroids. Inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred medicine for long-term control of asthma. They're the most effective option for long-term relief of the inflammation and swelling that makes your airways sensitive to certain inhaled substances. Reducing inflammation helps prevent the chain reaction that causes asthma symptoms. Most people who take these medicines daily find they greatly reduce the severity of symptoms and how often they occur. Inhaled corticosteroids generally are safe when taken as prescribed. These medicines are different from the illegal anabolic steroids taken by some athletes. Inhaled corticosteroids aren't habit-forming, even if you take them every day for many years. Like many other medicines, though, inhaled corticosteroids can have side effects. Most doctors agree that the benefits of taking inhaled corticosteroids and preventing asthma attacks far outweigh the risk of side effects. One common side effect from inhaled corticosteroids is a mouth infection called thrush. You might be able to use a spacer or holding chamber on your inhaler to avoid thrush. These devices attach to your inhaler. They help prevent the medicine from landing in your mouth or on the back of your throat. Check with your doctor to see whether a spacer or holding chamber should be used with the inhaler you have. Also, work with your health care team if you have any questions about how to use a spacer or holding chamber. Rinsing your mouth out with water after taking inhaled corticosteroids also can lower your risk for thrush. If you have severe asthma, you may have to take corticosteroid pills or liquid for short periods to get your asthma under control. If taken for long periods, these medicines raise your risk for cataracts and osteoporosis (OS-te-o-po-RO-sis). A cataract is the clouding of the lens in your eye. Osteoporosis is a disorder that makes your bones weak and more likely to break. Your doctor may have you add another long-term asthma control medicine so he or she can lower your dose of corticosteroids. Or, your doctor may suggest you take calcium and vitamin D pills to protect your bones. Other long-term control medicines. Other long-term control medicines include: Cromolyn. This medicine is taken using a device called a nebulizer. As you breathe in, the nebulizer sends a fine mist of medicine to your lungs. Cromolyn helps prevent airway inflammation. Omalizumab (anti-IgE). This medicine is given as a shot (injection) one or two times a month. It helps prevent your body from reacting to asthma triggers, such as pollen and dust mites. Anti-IgE might be used if other asthma medicines have not worked well. A rare, but possibly life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis might occur when the Omalizumab injection is given. If you take this medication, work with your doctor to make sure you understand the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis and what actions you should take. Inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists. These medicines open the airways. They might be added to inhaled corticosteroids to improve asthma control. Inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists should never be used on their own for long-term asthma control. They must used with inhaled corticosteroids. Leukotriene modifiers. These medicines are taken by mouth. They help block the chain reaction that increases inflammation in your airways. Theophylline. This medicine is taken by mouth. Theophylline helps open the airways. If your doctor prescribes a long-term control medicine, take it every day to control your asthma. Your asthma symptoms will likely return or get worse if you stop taking your medicine. Long-term control medicines can have side effects. Talk with your doctor about these side effects and ways to reduce or avoid them. With some medicines, like theophylline, your doctor will check the level of medicine in your blood. This helps ensure that you’re getting enough medicine to relieve your asthma symptoms, but not so much that it causes dangerous side effects. Quick-Relief Medicines All people who have asthma need quick-relief medicines to help relieve asthma symptoms that may flare up. Inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists are the first choice for quick relief. These medicines act quickly to relax tight muscles around your airways when you're having a flareup. This allows the airways to open up so air can flow through them. You should take your quick-relief medicine when you first notice asthma symptoms. If you use this medicine more than 2 days a week, talk with your doctor about your asthma control. You may need to make changes to your asthma action plan. Carry your quick-relief inhaler with you at all times in case you need it. If your child has asthma, make sure that anyone caring for him or her has the child's quick-relief medicines, including staff at the child's school. They should understand when and how to use these medicines and when to seek medical care for your child. You shouldn't use quick-relief medicines in place of prescribed long-term control medicines. Quick-relief medicines don't reduce inflammation. Track Your Asthma To track your asthma, keep records of your symptoms, check your peak flow number using a peak flow meter, and get regular asthma checkups. Record Your Symptoms You can record your asthma symptoms in a diary to see how well your treatments are controlling your asthma. Asthma is well controlled if: You have symptoms no more than 2 days a week, and these symptoms don't wake you from sleep more than 1 or 2 nights a month. You can do all your normal activities. You take quick-relief medicines no more than 2 days a week. You have no more than one asthma attack a year that requires you to take corticosteroids by mouth. Your peak flow doesn't drop below 80 percent of your personal best number. If your asthma isn't well controlled, contact your doctor. He or she may need to change your asthma action plan. Use a Peak Flow Meter This small, hand-held device shows how well air moves out of your lungs. You blow into the device and it gives you a score, or peak flow number. Your score shows how well your lungs are working at the time of the test. Your doctor will tell you how and when to use your peak flow meter. He or she also will teach you how to take your medicines based on your score. Your doctor and other health care providers may ask you to use your peak flow meter each morning and keep a record of your results. You may find it very useful to record peak flow scores for a couple of weeks before each medical visit and take the results with you. When you're first diagnosed with asthma, it's important to find your "personal best" peak flow number. To do this, you record your score each day for a 2- to 3-week period when your asthma is well-controlled. The highest number you get during that time is your personal best. You can compare this number to future numbers to make sure your asthma is controlled. Your peak flow meter can help warn you of an asthma attack, even before you notice symptoms. If your score shows that your breathing is getting worse, you should take your quick-relief medicines the way your asthma action plan directs. Then you can use the peak flow meter to check how well the medicine worked. Get Asthma Checkups When you first begin treatment, you'll see your doctor about every 2 to 6 weeks. Once your asthma is controlled, your doctor may want to see you from once a month to twice a year. During these checkups, your doctor may ask whether you've had an asthma attack since the last visit or any changes in symptoms or peak flow measurements. He or she also may ask about your daily activities. This information will help your doctor assess your level of asthma control. Your doctor also may ask whether you have any problems or concerns with taking your medicines or following your asthma action plan. Based on your answers to these questions, your doctor may change the dose of your medicine or give you a new medicine. If your control is very good, you might be able to take less medicine. The goal is to use the least amount of medicine needed to control your asthma. Emergency Care Most people who have asthma, including many children, can safely manage their symptoms by following their asthma action plans. However, you might need medical attention at times. Call your doctor for advice if: Your medicines don't relieve an asthma attack. Your peak flow is less than half of your personal best peak flow number. Call 9–1–1 for emergency care if: You have trouble walking and talking because you're out of breath. You have blue lips or fingernails. At the hospital, you'll be closely watched and given oxygen and more medicines, as well as medicines at higher doses than you take at home. Such treatment can save your life. Asthma Treatment for Special Groups The treatments described above generally apply to all people who have asthma. However, some aspects of treatment differ for people in certain age groups and those who have special needs. Children It's hard to diagnose asthma in children younger than 5 years. Thus, it's hard to know whether young children who wheeze or have other asthma symptoms will benefit from long-term control medicines. (Quick-relief medicines tend to relieve wheezing in young children whether they have asthma or not.) Doctors will treat infants and young children who have asthma symptoms with long-term control medicines if, after assessing a child, they feel that the symptoms are persistent and likely to continue after 6 years of age. (For more information, go to "How Is Asthma Diagnosed?") Inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred treatment for young children. Montelukast and cromolyn are other options. Treatment might be given for a trial period of 1 month to 6 weeks. Treatment usually is stopped if benefits aren't seen during that time and the doctor and parents are confident the medicine was used properly. Inhaled corticosteroids can possibly slow the growth of children of all ages. Slowed growth usually is apparent in the first several months of treatment, is generally small, and doesn't get worse over time. Poorly controlled asthma also may reduce a child's growth rate. Many experts think the benefits of inhaled corticosteroids for children who need them to control their asthma far outweigh the risk of slowed growth. Older Adults Doctors may need to adjust asthma treatment for older adults who take certain other medicines, such as beta blockers, aspirin and other pain relievers, and anti-inflammatory medicines. These medicines can prevent asthma medicines from working well and may worsen asthma symptoms. Be sure to tell your doctor about all of the medicines you take, including over-the-counter medicines. Older adults may develop weak bones from using inhaled corticosteroids, especially at high doses. Talk with your doctor about taking calcium and vitamin D pills, as well as other ways to help keep your bones strong. Pregnant Women Pregnant women who have asthma need to control the disease to ensure a good supply of oxygen to their babies. Poor asthma control increases the risk of preeclampsia, a condition in which a pregnant woman develops high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Poor asthma control also increases the risk that a baby will be born early and have a low birth weight. Studies show that it's safer to take asthma medicines while pregnant than to risk having an asthma attack. Talk with your doctor if you have asthma and are pregnant or planning a pregnancy. Your level of asthma control may get better or it may get worse while you're pregnant. Your health care team will check your asthma control often and adjust your treatment as needed. People Whose Asthma Symptoms Occur With Physical Activity Physical activity is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Adults need physical activity to maintain good health. Children need it for growth and development. In some people, however, physical activity can trigger asthma symptoms. If this happens to you or your child, talk with your doctor about the best ways to control asthma so you can stay active. The following medicines may help prevent asthma symptoms caused by physical activity: Short-acting beta2-agonists (quick-relief medicine) taken shortly before physical activity can last 2 to 3 hours and prevent exercise-related symptoms in most people who take them. Long-acting beta2-agonists can be protective for up to 12 hours. However, with daily use, they'll no longer give up to 12 hours of protection. Also, frequent use of these medicines for physical activity might be a sign that asthma is poorly controlled. Leukotriene modifiers. These pills are taken several hours before physical activity. They can help relieve asthma symptoms brought on by physical activity. Long-term control medicines. Frequent or severe symptoms due to physical activity may suggest poorly controlled asthma and the need to either start or increase long-term control medicines that reduce inflammation. This will help prevent exercise-related symptoms. Easing into physical activity with a warmup period may be helpful. You also may want to wear a mask or scarf over your mouth when exercising in cold weather. If you use your asthma medicines as your doctor directs, you should be able to take part in any physical activity or sport you choose. People Having Surgery Asthma may add to the risk of having problems during and after surgery. For instance, having a tube put into your throat may cause an asthma attack. Tell your surgeon about your asthma when you first talk with him or her. The surgeon can take steps to lower your risk, such as giving you asthma medicines before or during surgery. |
Q150 | null | how to reduced hypertension | hypertension | treatment | Q150-S1-A1 | 390 | The goal of treatment is to reduce your blood pressure so that you have a lower risk of complications. You and your provider should set a blood pressure goal for you. If you have pre-hypertension, your provider will recommend lifestyle changes to bring your blood pressure down to a normal range. Medicines are rarely used for pre-hypertension. LIFESTYLE CHANGES You can do many things to help control your blood pressure at home, including: - Eat a heart-healthy diet, including potassium and fiber. - Drink plenty of water. - Exercise regularly for at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise a day. - If you smoke, quit. - Limit how much alcohol you drink to 1 drink a day for women, and 2 a day for men. - Limit the amount of sodium (salt) you eat. Aim for less than 1,500 mg per day. - Reduce stress. Try to avoid things that cause you stress, and try meditation or yoga to de-stress. - Stay at a healthy body weight. Your provider can help you find programs for losing weight, stopping smoking, and exercising. You can also get a referral to a dietitian, who can help you plan a diet that is healthy for you. How low your blood pressure should be and at what level you need to start treatment is individualized, based on your age and any medical problems you have. MEDICINES FOR HYPERTENSION Most of the time, your provider will try lifestyle changes first and check your BP 2 or more times. Medicines will likely be started if your BP readings remain at or above these levels: - Top number (systolic pressure) of 140 or more in people younger than 60 years - Top number of 150 or more in people 60 years and older - Bottom number (diastolic pressure) of 90 or more If you have diabetes, heart problems, or a history of a stroke, medicines may be started at lower blood pressure reading. The most commonly used blood pressure targets for people with these medical problems are below 130 to 140/80 mmHg. There are many different medicines to treat high blood pressure. - Often, a single blood pressure drug may not be enough to control your blood pressure, and you may need to take two or more drugs. - It is very important that you take the medicines prescribed to you. - If you have side effects, your doctor can substitute a different medicine. |
Q151 | Chronic Dry mouth. | How can I relieve dry mouth. | dry mouth | treatment | Q151-S1-A1 | 391 | Treatment for Dry Mouth Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a medicine that helps the glands work better. Your dentist or physician might also suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. Do's and Don'ts Do's - Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. - Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. - Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Do drink water or sugarless drinks often. That will make chewing and swallowing easier when eating. Do chew sugarless gum or suck on sugarless hard candy to stimulate saliva flow. Do use a humidifier at night to promote moisture in the air while you sleep. Don’ts - Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. - Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Don't consume drinks with caffeine such as coffee, tea, and some sodas. Caffeine can dry out the mouth. Don't use tobacco or alcohol. They dry out the mouth. Gene Therapy Research for Salivary Gland Dysfunction Scientists at NIH’s National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) are exploring the potential use of gene therapy to treat salivary gland dysfunction. The idea is to transfer additional or replacement genes into the salivary glands of people with Sjögren's syndrome and cancer patients whose salivary glands were damaged during radiation treatment. The hope is that these genes will increase the production of saliva and eliminate the chronic parched sensation that bothers people with dry mouth conditions. NIDCR recently completed a clinical study, a research study in humans, on gene therapy for radiation-damaged salivary glands. The study showed that gene therapy can be safely performed in salivary glands and that it has the potential to help head and neck cancer survivors with dry mouth. Read NIDCR’s news release to learn more about the study’s findings. Based on the promising results of this trial, similar clinical trials are planned in the near future. Research on Sjögren’s Syndrome and Other Diseases Affecting Salivary Glands NIDCR is also conducting clinical trials to study new approaches for improving salivary flow in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. Such studies include testing the effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody as well as a corticosteroid to see whether either of these treatments helps improve salivary flow. Other studies are focused on learning how diseases such as diabetes, auto inflammatory diseases, and granulomatous diseases cause salivary gland dysfunction. Such studies could one day lead to better ways of preventing and treating salivary gland conditions. To stay abreast of any new studies on gene therapy and salivary gland function, visit ClinicalTrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov lists all federally and many privately funded clinical trials in the U.S. and around the world; the web site is updated frequently. |
Q151 | Chronic Dry mouth. | How can I relieve dry mouth. | dry mouth | treatment | Q151-S1-A2 | 393 | Dry mouth treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If you think you have dry mouth, see your dentist or physician. He or she can help to determine what is causing your dry mouth. If your dry mouth is caused by medicine, your physician might change your medicine or adjust the dosage. If your salivary glands are not working right, but can still produce some saliva, your dentist or physician might give you a special medicine that helps the glands work better. He or she might suggest that you use artificial saliva to keep your mouth wet. (Watch the video to learn how dry mouth is treated. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) |