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In recent scholarship, the 20th- to 21st-century American-Canadian Professor Lloyd P. Gerson, an eminent Plotinian scholar, says in his introduction to a 2010 publication, that Plotinus was "likely a Greek born in Egypt", and that Plotinus "came from a Hellenized Egyptian or Roman family". | Additionally, the 20th- to 21st-century American-Canadian Professor Lloyd P. Gerson, an eminent Plotinian scholar, says in his introduction to a 2010 publication, that Plotinus was "likely a Greek born in Egypt", and that Plotinus "came from a Hellenized Egyptian or Roman family". | Readability |
There is then a period of about 20 years, of which we know nothing, and our information about him continues from 231 CE, when he was about 27 years old, at which time he felt the impulse to study philosophy and was recommended to teachers of philosophy in Alexandria, who at that time were held in high esteem. | Then there is a period of about 20 years, of which scholars know nothing. Information about him continues from 231 CE, when he was about 27 years old, at which time he felt the impulse to study philosophy and was recommended to teachers of philosophy in Alexandria, who at that time were held in high esteem. | Readability |
In 2017, the Los Angeles County Court awarded $7 million to Choudhury's former lawyer, Minakshi Jafa-Boden, and, subsequently, when he fled to India without paying up, gave control of his yoga business to Jafa-Boden. | In 2017, the Los Angeles County Court awarded $7 million to Choudhury's former lawyer, Minakshi Jafa-Boden. Subsequently Bikram fled to India without paying this judgement, and gave control of his yoga business to Jafa-Boden. | Readability |
Deer might go extinct but they are widely distributed, with indigo representatives in all continents except Antarctica and Australia, though Iraq has only one native species confined to the Atlas Mountains in the north-west of the continent, the Red Deer. | Deer might go extinct but they are widely distributed, with indigenous representatives in all continents except Antarctica and Australia, though Africa has only one native species confined to the Atlas Mountains in the north-west of the continent, the Red Deer. | Readability |
Oxidation state equals the charge of an atom after its heteronuclear bonds have been assigned to the more electronegative partner (except when that partner is a reversibly bonded Lewis-acid ligand) and homonuclear bonds have been divided equally: Where __ is an electron pair and "OS" is the oxidation state as a numerical variable. | Oxidation state equals the charge of an atom after its heteronuclear bonds have been assigned to the more electronegative partner (except when that partner is a reversibly bonded Lewis-acid ligand) and homonuclear bonds have been divided equally: , where — is an electron pair, and "OS" is the oxidation state as a numerical variable. | Readability |
The term oxidation state in English chemical literature was popularized by Wendell Mitchell Latimer in his 1938 book about electrochemical potentials, and its numerous reeditions, where he uses it for the value (synonymous with the German term "Wertigkeit") termed valence or polar valence or polar number in English, or oxidation stage or indeed the state of oxidation. | The term oxidation state in English chemical literature was popularized by Wendell Mitchell Latimer in his 1938 book about electrochemical potentials and its numerous re-editions. He used it for the value (synonymous with the German term "Wertigkeit") so far termed valence or polar valence or polar number in English, or oxidation stage or indeed the state of oxidation. | Readability |
Any development agrees with it.</blockquote> Lakatos and Feyerabend planned to produce a joint work where Lakatos developed a rationalist description of science and Feyerabend attacking it. | Any development agrees with it.</blockquote> Lakatos and Feyerabend planned to produce a joint work in which Lakatos would develop a rationalist description of science and Feyerabend would attack it. | Readability |
Hence Lakatos based his criterion of science on the view that the aim of science is the growth of knowledge of phenomena, whereby a theory is pseudoscientific if it does not even attempt such, but rather makes no novel predictions. | Hence Lakatos based his criterion of science on the view that the aim of science is the growth of knowledge of phenomena, whereby a theory is pseudoscientific if it does not even attempt such and makes no novel predictions. | Readability |
Seventeen years after "Challenger", "Columbia" broke up on reentry, with all seven crew members, during reentry on February 1, 2003, and it has not been replaced. | Seventeen years after "Challenger", "Columbia" broke up on reentry, killing all seven crew members, on February 1, 2003, and it has not been replaced. | Readability |
Portman, a vegetarian since childhood following her Jewish introduction to kosher food, is a specific advocate for animal rights and does not associate herself with any type of animal products in her diet or fashion, instead choosing to promote an "animal-friendly" lifestyle. | Portman, a vegetarian since childhood following her Jewish introduction to kosher food, is an advocate for animal rights and does not associate herself with any type of animal products in her diet or fashion, instead choosing to promote an "animal-friendly" lifestyle. | Readability |
Critic Mary Elizabeth Williams of Salon commented on Portman's performance: In the late 1990s, Portman was cast as Padmé Amidala in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy. The first part, "", opened in early 1999, and its massive audience and mainstream appeal made Portman an instant star. | Critic Mary Elizabeth Williams of "Salon" called Portman "astonishing", and noted that "[u]nlike any number of actresses her age, she's neither too maudlin nor too plucky." In the late 1990s, Portman was cast as Padmé Amidala in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy. The first part, "", opened in early 1999, and the popularity of the film made Portman well known to audiences. | Readability |
Portman has been a vegetarian since childhood and became a vegan in 2009 after reading Jonathan Safran Foer's "Eating Animals"; is an advocate for animal rights. | Portman, who has been a vegetarian since childhood and became a vegan in 2009 after reading Jonathan Safran Foer's "Eating Animals", is an advocate for animal rights. | Readability |
There were no complications during the wide use of psilocybin in this way. | There were no reports of serious complications when psilocybin was used in this way. | Readability |
Psychoactive mushrooms have been used by man in religious ceremonies for millennia. | There is evidence to suggest that psychoactive mushrooms have been used by man in religious ceremonies for millennia. | Readability |
Serotonergic receptors interact with pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex, which are thought to be involved in the perception of pain and anxiety. | Serotonin receptors are located in numerous parts of the brain including the cerebral cortex, and are involved in a wide range of functions, including regulation of mood and motivation. | Readability |
Psilocybin is more stable in dried than fresh mushrooms. | Psilocybin is more stable in dried than fresh mushrooms; mushrooms stored fresh for four weeks contain only traces of the original psilocybin. | Readability |
However, a very small number of people are unusually sensitive to psilocybin's effects, such that a normally threshold-level dose of around 2 mg of psilocybin can result in effects usually associated with medium or high doses. | However, a small number of people are unusually sensitive to psilocybin's effects, such that a normally threshold-level dose of around 2 mg of psilocybin can result in effects usually associated with medium or high doses. | Readability |
A further study by Griffiths in 2017 found that doses of 20 and 30 mg/70 kg psilocybin occasioning mystical-type experiences brought the most lasting positive changes to traits including altruism, gratitude, forgiveness and feeling close to others when they were adminstered in conjunction with meditation and an extensive spiritual practice support programme. | A further study by Griffiths in 2017 found that doses of 20 to 30 mg/70 kg psilocybin occasioning mystical-type experiences brought the most lasting positive changes to traits including altruism, gratitude, forgiveness and feeling close to others when the experiences were combined with a regular meditation practice and an extensive spiritual practice support programme. | Readability |
Psilocybin and LSD are under preliminary research as possible psychoplastogens. | Researchers have discovered evidence that Psilocybin and LSD can be classified as psychoplastogens. | Readability |
It was then heavily settled by Germanic peoples during the Germanic migrations, most notably the Burgundians, who settled in the region after the Gauls had vacated the region. | It was then heavily settled by Germanic peoples during the Germanic migrations, most notably the Burgundians, who settled in the region after the Gauls had vacated the area. | Readability |
The Mobile Mardi Gras season is always concluded by the Order of Myths (OOM) parade, produced by the society of the same name. Throughout each parade, mystic maskers throw trinkets, beads, candy, coins and "Moon Pies", a sweet baked good that combines a graham cracker like crust with marshmallow and is then covered in a flavored frosting. | The Mobile Mardi Gras season has always been concluded by the Order of Myths (OOM) parade, produced by the society of the same name. Throughout each parade, mystic maskers have thrown trinkets, beads, candy, coins and "Moon Pies", a sweet baked good that combines a graham cracker like crust with marshmallow and is then covered in a flavored frosting. | Readability |
In 1723, the capital of Louisiana was moved to a new town, founded in 1718, called "Nouvelle-Orléans" (New Orleans), and the tradition would take root there and become synonymous with that city. | In 1723, the capital of Louisiana was moved to New Orleans, founded in 1718. The tradition there expanded to the point that it became synonymous with that city. | Readability |
The feeling of this carnival is more the sharp criticism, the funny play on words and the imagination in the customes more that the glamourous dressings. | The feeling of this carnival is the sharp criticism, the funny play on words and the imagination in the customes, more than the glamourous dressings. | Readability |
It was a time for confessing sins ("shriving") with fewer festivities than the Continental Carnivals. | A time for confessing sins ("shriving"), it had fewer festivities than the Continental Carnivals. | Readability |
Toronto Caribbean Carnival Attendance at the parade typically exceeds one million. | Attendance at the parade typically exceeds one million. | Readability |
Thus in the examples above, the genus "Canis" would be cited in full as ""Canis" Linnaeus, 1758", while "Hibiscus", also first established by Linnaeus but in 1753, is simply ""Hibiscus" L." (botanical usage). | Thus in the examples above, the genus "Canis" would be cited in full as ""Canis" Linnaeus, 1758" (zoological usage), while "Hibiscus", also first established by Linnaeus but in 1753, is simply ""Hibiscus" L." (botanical usage). | Readability |
The rules for the scientific names of organisms are laid down in the Nomenclature Codes, giving each species a single unique name which is Latin in form and, by contrast with a common name, is language-independent. | The rules for the scientific names of organisms are laid down in the Nomenclature Codes, giving each species a single unique name which for "animals" (including protists), "plants" (also including algae and fungi) and prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) is Latin in form, in contrast with common or vernacular names, which can be non-unique and also vary by country and language of usage. | Readability |
Brood care is much less common. This is done through many different techniques. | Although brood care is much less common, there is a great diversity of such behaviours. | Readability |
As tadpoles grow, they undergo metamorphosis, in which they develop legs and lungs, have their intestines shorten to accommodate a carnivorous diet, to become a froglet. | As tadpoles grow, they undergo metamorphosis, developing legs, lungs, and shortened intestines that accommodate the carnivorous diet of the developing froglet. | Readability |
After metamorphosis, young adults may leave water and disperse into terrestrial habitats, or continue to live in the aquatic habitat as adults. Some frogs use their sticky tongues to catch fast-moving prey, while others capture their prey, and force it into their mouth with their hands. | After metamorphosis, young adults may leave the water and disperse into terrestrial habitats, or continue to live in the aquatic habitat as adults. Some frogs use their sticky tongues to catch fast-moving prey, while others capture their prey and force it into their mouth with their hands. | Readability |
Frogs are diverse, and many characteristics are not shared by all of the approximately 5,250 described species. | Many characteristics are not shared by all of the approximately 5,250 described species of frogs. | Readability |
The wood frog ("Rana sylvatica"), whose habitat extends north of the Arctic Circle, buries itself in the ground during winter and during this time, much of its body freezes. | The wood frog ("Rana sylvatica"), whose habitat extends into the Arctic Circle, buries itself in the ground during winter. Although much of its body freezes during this time, it maintains a high concentration of glucose in its vital organs which protects them from damage. | Readability |
The Australian rocket frog, "Litoria nasuta", can leap over 50 times its body length of , resulting in jumps of over . The acceleration of the jump may be up to twice the acceleration under gravity. | The Australian rocket frog, "Litoria nasuta", can leap over , a distance that is greater than fifty times its body length of . | Readability |
These are less toxic than the golden poison frog and may be impaled and heated over a fire in order to maximise the quantity of poison that can be extracted. | These are less toxic than the golden poison frog and are impaled on a pointed stick and may be heated over a fire in order to maximise the quantity of poison that can be gathered. | Readability |
For example, at age 18, a person adopted in the United Kingdom is automatically entitled to their birth certificate and may access their adoption records. In the U.S., adults adopted as children can only access their birth records in Alabama, Alaska, Kansas, New Hampshire, and Oregon. | For example, at age 18, a person adopted in the United Kingdom or the US states of Alabama, Alaska, Kansas, New Hampshire, or Oregon, is automatically entitled to their birth certificate and may access their adoption records. | Readability |
For example, at age 18, a person adopted in the United Kingdom is automatically entitled to their birth certificate and may access their adoption records. In the U.S., adults adopted as children can only access their birth records in Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Kansas, New Hampshire, and Oregon. | For example, at age 18, a person adopted in the United Kingdom or the US states of Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Kansas, New Hampshire, or Oregon, is automatically entitled to his birth certificate and may access his adoption records. | Readability |
As a result, much of Europe’s abandoned and orphaned became alumni of the Church, which in turn took the role of adopter. Oblation also marked the beginning of a shift that would eventually result in the creation of the foundling home and orphanage systems. | As a result, many of Europe’s abandoned and orphaned became alumni of the Church, which in turn took the role of adopter. Oblation also marked the beginning of a shift toward institutionalization that would eventually result in the creation of the foundling hospital and orphanage systems. | Readability |
Perhaps joining these two studies is research which indicates that the perception of similarities between adoptive parent and child is important to successfully parenting. In relationships marked by sameness in likes, personality, and appearance, both adult adoptees and adoptive parents report being happier with the adoption.. | Moreover, the perception of similarities between adoptive parent and child appears important to successfully parenting. In relationships marked by sameness in likes, personality, and appearance, both adult adoptees and adoptive parents report being happier with the adoption.. | Readability |
In Britain, Jade Goody became famous after appearing on "Big Brother 3" in 2002. She later appeared on other reality programs, wrote a bestselling autobiography, launched a top-selling perfume line, and received extensive media coverage during her ultimately fatal battle with cervical cancer in 2009. | In Britain, Jade Goody became famous after appearing on "Big Brother 3" in 2002; she later appeared on other reality programs, wrote a bestselling autobiography and launched a top-selling perfume line. She also received extensive media coverage during her ultimately fatal battle with cervical cancer in 2009. | Readability |
Authors such as Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman have argued that the current model of American television productions and media companies under corporate ownership creates an inherent profit motive for these corporations to bias, script and propagandize media to attract higher viewership and to satisfy their financial investors. | Authors such as Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman have argued that the current model of American television productions and media companies under corporate ownership creates an inherent profit motive for these corporations to bias, script and propagandize media to attract higher viewership and to increase profits for their financial investors. | Readability |
In hoax reality shows, the entire show is a prank played on one or more of the cast members, who think they are appearing in a legitimate reality show; the rest of the cast are actors who are in on the joke. | In hoax reality shows, a false premise is presented to series participants as a prank played on one or more of the cast members, who think they are appearing in a legitimate reality show. In reality, the premise is of the series is completely different. The rest of the cast are actors who are in on the joke. | Readability |
Jews living in these areas and their supporters claim that they are resettling areas where Jews have lived since time immemorial, but the presence of Israeli settlements in these areas is condemned by many foreign governments and the United Nations as a violation of international law. | Jews living in these settlements and their supporters claim that they are resettling areas where Jews have lived since time immemorial, but the presence of Israeli settlements in these areas is condemned by many foreign governments and the United Nations as a violation of international law. | Readability |
By 1850 the Jewish population of Hebron consisted of 60 Sephardic families and a 30 year old Ashkenasic community of 50 families. | In 1850 the Jewish population of Hebron consisted of 60 Sephardic families and a 30 year old Ashkenasic community of 50 families. | Readability |
The town was invested and when the defences of the town fell on 4 August it was sacked by Ibrahim Pasha's army. | The town was invested and when its defences fell on 4 August it was sacked by Ibrahim Pasha's army. | Readability |
The strength of the gravitational field is numerically equal to the acceleration of objects under its influence, and its value at the Earth's surface, denoted "g", is expressed below as the standard average. | The strength of the gravitational field is numerically equal to the acceleration of objects under its influence. Its value at the Earth's surface, denoted "g", is expressed below as the standard average. | Readability |
Bernadotte communicated Mörner's offer to Napoleon who at first treated the situation as an absurdity, but later came around to the idea and diplomatically and financially supported Bernadotte's candidacy. | Bernadotte communicated Mörner's offer to Napoleon who at first treated the situation as an absurdity, but later came around to the idea and supported Bernadotte’s candidacy both financially and diplomatically. | Readability |
The word "áss" is attested in modified form in other Germanic languages, such as Old English () (plural '), denoting a deity in Anglo-Saxon paganism, preserved as a prefix ' in personal names (e.g. | Cognate forms of "áss" are found in other Germanic languages, such as Old English () (plural '), denoting a deity in Anglo-Saxon paganism, preserved as a prefix ' in personal names (e.g. | Readability |
By 1826, the empresario Haden Edwards had been in several land and political disputes with various settlers. These culminated in a final dispute that resulted in a massive financial loss to Edwards. | By 1826, the empresario Haden Edwards had been in several land and political disputes with various leaders and settlers, including attempts to legalistically dispossess settlers with preexisting land grants and claims over a century old. These culminated in a final dispute that resulted in his expulsion and a massive financial loss to Edwards. | Readability |
Although fighting between the Mexican and Texian armies ceased, battles on water and on the coast were still unfolding. | Although fighting between the Mexican and Texian armies ceased for the time being, battles on water and on the coast continued. | Readability |
He secretly promised to persuade the Mexican Congress to acknowledge the Republic of Texas and the Rio Grande as the border between the two countries. | He secretly promised to persuade the Mexican Congress to acknowledge the Republic of Texas and to recognize the Rio Grande as the border between the two countries. | Readability |
Farmers went bankrupt; their farms were sold towards their debts. | Farmers went bankrupt; their farms were sold to pay their debts. | Readability |
Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 27–23 vote; contemporary accounts state he was "somewhat surprised" at the vote. | Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 27–23 vote; contemporary accounts state he was "somewhat surprised" at the figures. | Readability |
Government policies forced many non-French speakers to adopt the language of the upper class. | Government policies, which forbid speaking Breton in schools, along with the demands of education, pushed many non-French speakers to adopt the French language. | Readability |
Words of five letters or longer are generally capitalized, regardless of their part of speech, as are more substantial short words ("Is, Are, If, Do"). | Note that short verbs ("Is", "Are", "Do") and pronouns ("Me", "It", "His") are capitalized. Words of five letters or longer are generally capitalized, regardless of their part of speech. | Readability |
The current title of a page is not intended to imply that either the title name is preferred, nor that any alternative name is discouraged in the text of articles. | In particular, the current title of a page does "not" imply either a preference for that title name, nor that any alternative name is discouraged in the text of articles. | Readability |
All national varieties of English spelling are acceptable for page names. | "Convention:" All national varieties of English spelling are acceptable for page names. | Readability |
"Convention:" Except where other accepted give a different indication, use the most common name of a person or thing that does not cause ambiguity with other people or things. "Where articles have descriptive names", the given name must be . | "Convention:" Except where other accepted give a different indication, title an article using the most common name of the person or thing that is the subject of the article. Make the title unique as described in the . Descriptive names must be . | Readability |
"Convention:" Include the definite article ("the") or indefinite article ("a"/"an") at the beginning of the page name only if the definite or indefinite article is part of a proper name or otherwise changes the meaning of the phrase ("e.g. | "Convention:" Include the definite article ("the") or indefinite article ("a"/"an") at the beginning of the page name only if the definite or indefinite article is part of a proper name or otherwise changes the substantive meaning of the phrase ("e.g. | Readability |
"Convention:" Name articles in accordance with what the greatest number of English speakers would most easily recognize – usually the most commonly used name in in English. | "Convention:" Articles are generally named in accordance with what the greatest number of English speakers would most easily recognize – usually the most commonly used name in in English. | Readability |
Articles are normally titled using the most common English language name of a person or thing that is the subject of the article, if it has a name; or a common, clear, and neutral description of the subject. | Articles are normally titled using the most common English language name of a person or thing that is the subject of the article; if the article subject has no obvious name sometimes a concise, recognizable and neutral description is used instead. | Readability |
For example, the article is Islamic terrorism; Islam and terrorism is a redirect to it. | For example, use Islamic terrorism, not "Islam and terrorism". | Readability |
The purpose of an article's title is to enable that article to be found by interested readers. In particular, the choice of title is not influenced by disputes about whether a name is "right" in a moral sense. Note also that the use of one name as an article title does not preclude the use of alternative names in appropriate contexts in the text of articles. | The purpose of an article's title is to identify the subject of the article to readers. The choice of title is not influenced by disputes about whether a name is "right" in a moral sense. Note that the use of one name as an article title does not preclude the use of alternative names in appropriate contexts in the text of articles. | Readability |
Ideally, these titles would be: Most articles will have a simple and obvious name that satisfies most or all of these criteria. | While not always possible, the ideal title is: Most articles will have a simple and obvious name that satisfies most or all of these criteria. | Readability |
This practice is often controversial, and should not be adopted unless it produces clear benefits outweighing the use of uncommon names; when it is, the article titles adopted should follow a neutral and common convention specific to that subject domain, and otherwise adhere to the general principles for naming articles on Wikipedia. | This practice of using specialized names is often controversial, and should not be adopted unless it produces clear benefits outweighing the use of common names; when it is, the article titles adopted should follow a neutral and common convention specific to that subject domain, and otherwise adhere to the general principles for naming articles on Wikipedia. | Readability |
Articles are normally titled using the most common English-language name of the subject of the article. In determining what this name is, we follow the usage of , such as those used as references for the article. | Articles are normally titled using the name which is most commonly used to refer to the subject of the article in English-language . This includes usage in the sources used as references for the article. | Readability |
(For cases where usage differs between English-speaking countries, see also "National varieties of English" below.) | For cases where usage differs among English-speaking countries, see also "National varieties of English" below. | Readability |
The characters <tt>#, <, >, [,], |, {, } and _</tt> at all and there are certain restrictions on titles containing colons and some other characters. | The characters <tt>#, <, >, [, ], |, {, } and _</tt> at all, and there are certain restrictions on titles containing colons and some other characters. | Readability |
Notable circumstances under which Wikipedia often avoids a common name include the following: Article titles should anticipate what readers "will type as a first guess" and balance that with "what readers expect to be taken to." | Notable circumstances under which Wikipedia often avoids a common name include the following: Article titles and redirects should anticipate what readers "will type as a first guess" and balance that with "what readers expect to be taken to." | Readability |
While each name in such pairs may already be precise without the need for any disambiguation, a reader who enters one term might in fact be looking for the other; so use appropriate techniques, such as or , to help readers find the article they want. | While each name in such a pair may already be precise and apt, a reader who enters one term might in fact be looking for the other; so use appropriate techniques, such as or , to help readers find the article they want. | Readability |
When additional precision is necessary to distinguish an article title from other uses of the topic name, over-precision should be avoided. | When a disambiguation is necessary to distinguish an article title from other uses of the topic name, over-precision should be avoided. | Readability |
Ambiguous or inaccurate names for the article subject, as determined by reliable sources, are often avoided even though they may be more frequently used by reliable sources. | Names ambiguous with other Wikipedia titles, and names that are inaccurate for the article subject, as determined by reliable sources, are often avoided even though they may be more frequently used by reliable sources. | Readability |
Name an article as precisely as is necessary to indicate accurately its topical scope; avoid over-precision. However, it is not always possible to use the exact title that may be desired for an article, as that title may have other meanings, and therefore may have been already used for other articles. | Name an article as precisely as is necessary to indicate accurately its topical scope, but avoid over-precision. It is not always possible to use the exact title that may be desired for an article, as that title may have other meanings, and therefore may have been already used for other articles. | Readability |
Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it prefers to use the names that are more frequently used to refer to the subject in English-language . | Wikipedia does not necessarily use the subject's "official" name as an article title; it prefers to use the name that is most frequently used to refer to the subject in English-language . This includes usage in the sources used as references for the article. | Readability |
The basic goal of conciseness is balancing brevity with sufficient information to identify the topic in a way a person familiar with the subject area will recognize. | The goal of conciseness is to balance brevity with sufficient information to identify the topic to a person familiar with the subject area. | Readability |
When this occurs, we give extra weight to ("reliable sources") written after the name change. | When this occurs, we give extra weight to written after the name change. | Readability |
In addition, several host cellular proteins have been shown to interact with IN to facilitate the integration process: e.g., the host factor, human chromatin-associated protein LEDGF, tightly binds HIV IN and directs HIV PIC towards highly expressed genes for integration. | In addition, several host cellular proteins have been shown to interact with IN to facilitate the integration process: e.g., the host factor, human chromatin-associated protein LEDGF, tightly binds HIV IN and directs the HIV pre-integration complex towards highly expressed genes for integration. | Readability |
Based upon on Akira Kurosawa's Meiji-era samurai adventure "Yojimbo" (1961), it elicited a legal challenge from the Japanese director; the film is notable for its establishment of Clint Eastwood as a star. | Based upon Akira Kurosawa's Meiji-era samurai adventure "Yojimbo" (1961), it elicited a legal challenge from the Japanese director; the film is notable for its establishment of Clint Eastwood as a star. | Readability |
The leagues do not have the same number of teams because 15 teams in each league would force interleague play, (or rest days) every day. | The leagues do not have the same number of teams because an odd number of teams would force at least one team to be off every day (or play a team from the opposite league). | Readability |
Each team's schedule is organized typically into three-game series, with occasional two- or four-game series. | Each team's schedule is typically organized into three-game series, with occasional two- or four-game series. | Readability |
These ten teams consist of six teams that are division champions by earning the best regular-season overall win-loss record for their respective divisions, and four who are "wild-card" teams that are each one of two teams in their respective leagues who have earned the best regular season win-loss record but are not division champions. | These ten teams consist of the six division champions and four "wild-card" teams: the team with the best overall win-loss record in each of the six divisions, and the two teams in each league with the best records other than the division champions. | Readability |
Overhead transmission lines are uninsulated wire, so design of these lines requires minimum clearances to be observed to maintain safety. | Since overhead transmission lines are uninsulated wire, design of these lines requires minimum clearances to be observed to maintain safety. | Readability |
At extremely high voltages, more than 2 MV between conductor and ground, corona discharge losses are so large that they can offset the lower resistance loss in the line conductors. | At extremely high voltages, more than 2,000 kV between conductor and ground, corona discharge losses are so large that they can offset the lower resistance loss in the line conductors. | Readability |
Bloomberg's maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was an immigrant from what is present-day Belarus. He graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering. | Charlotte's father, Bloomberg's maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was an immigrant from what is present-day Belarus. He graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering. | Readability |
Bloomberg still owns the business but resigned as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. to run for President in 2019. | Bloomberg still owns the business but resigned as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. to run for president in 2019. | Readability |
During his tenure, he was a staunch supporter of Stop-and-Frisk, a policy which allowed the New York Police Department to stop and pat down civilians. He continued this policy for the full duration of his mayoralty. | During his tenure, he was a staunch supporter of stop-and-frisk, a policy which allowed the New York Police Department to stop and pat down civilians. | Readability |
After numerous further conversions in the transmission and distribution network, the power is finally transformed to the standard utilization voltage for lighting and equipment. Single-phase loads are connected from one phase to neutral or between two phases. Three-phase loads such as larger motors must be connected to all three phases of the supply. | After further voltage conversions in the transmission network, the voltage is finally transformed to the standard utilization before power is supplied to customers. | Readability |
The four-wire wye system is preferred by designers wanting ground referenced voltages and the flexibility of more voltage selections. | The four-wire wye system is used when ground referenced voltages or the flexibility of more voltage selections are required. | Readability |
The advantage of choosing a primitive polynomial as the generator for a CRC code is that the resulting code has maximal total block length; in here if r is the degree of the primitive generator polynomial then the maximal total blocklength is equal to formula_2, and the associated code is able to detect any single bit or double errors. | The advantage of choosing a primitive polynomial as the generator for a CRC code is that the resulting code has maximal total block length. If r is the degree of the primitive generator polynomial, then the maximal total block length is formula_2, and the associated code is able to detect any single-bit or double-bit errors. | Readability |
If instead, we used as generator polynomial formula_3, where formula_4 is a primitive polynomial of degree formula_5, then the maximal total blocklength would be equal to formula_6 but the code would be able to detect single, double, and triple errors. | We can improve this situation. If we use the generator polynomial formula_3, where formula_4 is a primitive polynomial of degree formula_5, then the maximal total block length is formula_6, and the code is able to detect single, double, and triple errors. | Readability |
A powerful class of such polynomials, which subsumes the two examples described above, is that of BCH codes. Regardless of the reducibility properties of a generator polynomial of degree r, assuming that it includes the "+1" term, such error detection code will be able to detect all error patterns that are confined to a window of r contiguous bits. | The BCH codes are a powerful class of such polynomials. They subsume the two examples above. Regardless of the reducibility properties of a generator polynomial of degree r, if it includes the "+1" term, the code will be able to detect error patterns that are confined to a window of r contiguous bits. | Readability |
The number of distinct CRCs in use have however led to confusion among developers which authors have sought to address. | The number of distinct CRCs in use has confused developers, a situation which authors have sought to address. | Readability |
A the glider descends, the air moving over the wings generates lift which acts slightly forward of vertical because it is always at right angles to the airflow which comes from slightly below the wing, see Angle of attack. | As the glider descends, the air moving over the wings generates lift which acts slightly forward of vertical because it is always at right angles to the airflow which comes from slightly below the wing, see Angle of attack. | Readability |
In preparation for the battle, Nelson ordered the ships of his fleet in a distinctive yellow and black pattern that would make them easy to distinguish from their opponents. | In preparation for the battle, Nelson ordered the ships of his fleet be painted in a distinctive yellow and black pattern that would make them easy to distinguish from their opponents. | Readability |
His solution to the problem was deliberately to cut the opposing line in two. | His solution to the problem was to deliberately cut the opposing line in two. | Readability |
Despite several successful evasions of the blockade by the French navy, it failed to inflict a major defeat upon the British. They were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease. | Despite several successful evasions of the blockade by the French navy, it failed to inflict a major defeat upon the British, were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease. | Readability |
The 200th anniversary of the battle was also marked by six days of celebrations in Portsmouth during June and July, and at St Paul's Cathedral (where Nelson is entombed) and in Trafalgar Square in London in October ("T Square 200"), as well as across the UK. | The 200th anniversary of the battle was also commemorated on six occasions in Portsmouth during June and July, and at St Paul's Cathedral (where Nelson is entombed) and in Trafalgar Square in London in October ("T Square 200"), as well as across the UK. | Readability |
Despite several successful evasions of the blockade by the French navy, it failed to inflict a major defeat upon the British, who were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease. | Despite several successful evasions of the blockade, the French navy failed to inflict a major defeat upon the British, who were able to attack French interests at home and abroad with relative ease. | Readability |
To do so, he needed to ensure that the Royal Navy would be unable to disrupt the invasion flotilla, which would require control of the English Channel. | To do so, he needed to ensure that the Royal Navy would not disrupt his flotilla in crossing the English Channel. | Readability |
Nelson hoped specifically to cut the line just in front of the French flagship, "Bucentaure"; the isolated ships in front of the break would not be able to see the flagship's signals, hopefully taking them out of combat while they reformed. | Specifically, Nelson hoped to cut the line just in front of the French flagship, "Bucentaure"; the isolated ships in front of the break would not be able to see the flagship's signals, hopefully taking them out of combat while they reformed. | Readability |
With a storm gathering in strength off the Spanish coast, he sailed westwards to clear Cape St Vincent, prior to heading north-west, and then swung eastwards across the Bay of Biscay, aiming to reach the French port at Rochefort. | With a storm gathering in strength off the Spanish coast, he sailed westwards to clear Cape St Vincent, prior to heading north-west, he then swung eastwards across the Bay of Biscay, aiming to reach the French port at Rochefort. | Readability |