README.md

---
language:
- br
- fr
license: mit
tags:
  - translation
model-index:
- name: m2m100_br_fr
  results: []
co2_eq_emissions:
  emissions: 2100
  source: "https://mlco2.github.io/impact"
  training_type: "fine-tuning"
  geographical_location: "Paris, France"
  hardware_used: "2 NVidia GeForce RTX 3090 GPUs"
---

Breton-French translator `m2m100_418M_br_fr`
============================================

This model is a fine-tuned version of
[facebook/m2m100_418M](https://huggingface.co/facebook/m2m100_418M) (Fan et al., 2021) on a
Breton-French parallel corpus. In order to obtain the best possible results, we use all our parallel
data on training and consequently report no quantitative evaluation at this time. Empirical
qualitative evidence suggests that the translations are generally adequate for short and simple
examples, the behaviour of the model on long and/or complex inputs is currently unknown.

Try this model online in [Troer](https://huggingface.co/spaces/lgrobol/troer), feedback and
suggestions are welcome!

## Model description

See the description of the [base model](https://huggingface.co/facebook/m2m100_418M).

## Intended uses & limitations

This is intended as a **demonstration** of the improvements brought by fine-tuning a large-scale
many-to-many translation system on a medium-sized dataset of high-quality data. As it is, and as far
as I can tell it usually provides translations that are least as good as those of other available
Breton-French translators, but it has not been evaluated quantitatively at a large scale.

## Training and evaluation data

The training dataset consists of:

- The [OfisPublik corpus v1](https://opus.nlpl.eu/OfisPublik-v1.php) (Tyers, 2009)
- The [Tatoeba corpus v2022-03-03](https://opus.nlpl.eu/Tatoeba-v2022-03-03.php)
- Part of the [OpenSubtitles corpus v2018](https://opus.nlpl.eu/OpenSubtitles-v2018.php)

These are obtained from the [OPUS](https://opus.nlpl.eu/) base (Tiedemann, 2012) and filtered using
[OpusFilter](https://helsinki-nlp.github.io/OpusFilter) (Aulamo et al., 2020), see
[`dl_opus.yaml`](dl_opus.yaml) for the details. The filtering is slightly non-deterministic due to
the retraining of a statistical alignment model, but in my experience, different runs tend to give
extremely similar results. Do not hesitate to reach out if you experience difficulties in using this
to collect data.

In addition to these, the training dataset also includes parallel br/fr sentences, provided as
glosses in the [Arbres](https://arbres.iker.cnrs.fr) wiki (Jouitteau, 2022), obtained from their
[ongoing port](https://github.com/Autogramm/Breton/commit/45ac2c444a979b7ee41e5f24a3bfd1ec39f09d7d)
to Universal Dependencies in the Autogramm project.

## Training procedure

The training hyperparameters are those suggested by Adelani et al. (2022) in their [code
release](https://github.com/masakhane-io/lafand-mt), which gave their best results for machine
translation of several African languages.

More specifically, we use the [example training
script](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/06886d5a684228a695b29645993b3be55190bd9c/examples/pytorch/translation/run_translation.py)
provided by 🤗 Transformers for fine-tuning mBART with the following command

```bash
python run_translation.py \
  --model_name_or_path facebook/m2m100_418M  \
  --do_train \
  --train_file {path_to_training_data} \
  --source_lang br \
  --target_lang fr \
  --output_dir {path_to_model}\
  --per_device_train_batch_size=8 \
  --overwrite_output_dir \
  --forced_bos_token fr \
  --save_steps 4096 \
  --fp16 \
  --num_train_epochs 4
```

### Training hyperparameters

The following hyperparameters were used during training:

- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `train_batch_size`: 8
- `eval_batch_size`: 8
- `seed`: 42
- `optimizer`: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `num_epochs`: 4.0

### Framework versions

- Transformers 4.24.0
- Pytorch 1.13.0
- Datasets 2.6.1
- Tokenizers 0.13.1

### Carbon emissions

At this time, we estimate emissions of a rough 300 gCO<sub>2</sub> per fine-tuning run. So far, we
account for

- Fine-tuning the 2 released versions
- 5 development runs

So far, the equivalent carbon emissions for this model are approximately 2100 gCO<sub>2</sub>.

## References

- Adelani, David, Jesujoba Alabi, Angela Fan, Julia Kreutzer, Xiaoyu Shen, Machel Reid, Dana Ruiter,
  et al. 2022. “A Few Thousand Translations Go a Long Way! Leveraging Pre-trained Models for African
  News Translation”. In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the
  Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, 3053‑70. Seattle, United
  States: Association for Computational Linguistics.
  <https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.naacl-main.223>.
- Mikko Aulamo, Sami Virpioja, and Jörg Tiedemann. 2020. OpusFilter: A Configurable Parallel Corpus
  Filtering Toolbox. In Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
  Linguistics: System Demonstrations, pages 150–156, Online. Association for Computational
  Linguistics.
- Fan, Angela, Shruti Bhosale, Holger Schwenk, Zhiyi Ma, Ahmed El-Kishky, Siddharth Goyal, Mandeep
  Baines, et al. 2021. “Beyond english-centric multilingual machine translation”. The Journal of
  Machine Learning Research 22 (1): 107:4839-107:4886.
- Tiedemann, Jorg 2012, “Parallel Data, Tools and Interfaces in OPUS”. In Proceedings of the 8th
  International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012)
- Jouitteau, Mélanie. (éd.). 2009-2022. ARBRES, wikigrammaire des dialectes du breton et centre de
  ressources pour son étude linguistique formelle, IKER, CNRS, <http://arbres.iker.cnrs.fr>.
- Tyers, Francis M. 2009 “Rule-based augmentation of training data in Breton-French statistical
  machine translation”. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Conference of the European Association of
  Machine Translation, EAMT09. Barcelona, España. 213--218