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--- |
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language: en |
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license: apache-2.0 |
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tags: |
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- learned sparse |
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- opensearch |
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- transformers |
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- retrieval |
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- passage-retrieval |
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- document-expansion |
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- bag-of-words |
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--- |
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# opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill |
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This is a learned sparse retrieval model. It encodes the documents to 30522 dimensional **sparse vectors**. For queries, it just use a tokenizer and a weight look-up table to generate sparse vectors. The non-zero dimension index means the corresponding token in the vocabulary, and the weight means the importance of the token. And the similarity score is the inner product of query/document sparse vectors. In the real-world use case, the search performance of opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v1 is comparable to BM25. |
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The training datasets includes MS MARCO, eli5_question_answer, squad_pairs, WikiAnswers, yahoo_answers_title_question, gooaq_pairs, stackexchange_duplicate_questions_body_body, wikihow, S2ORC_title_abstract, stackexchange_duplicate_questions_title-body_title-body, yahoo_answers_question_answer, searchQA_top5_snippets, stackexchange_duplicate_questions_title_title, yahoo_answers_title_answer. |
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OpenSearch neural sparse feature supports learned sparse retrieval with lucene inverted index. Link: https://opensearch.org/docs/latest/query-dsl/specialized/neural-sparse/. The indexing and search can be performed with OpenSearch high-level API. |
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## Select the model |
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The model should be selected considering search relevance, model inference and retrieval efficiency(FLOPS). We benchmark models' **zero-shot performance** on a subset of BEIR benchmark: TrecCovid,NFCorpus,NQ,HotpotQA,FiQA,ArguAna,Touche,DBPedia,SCIDOCS,FEVER,Climate FEVER,SciFact,Quora. |
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Overall, the v2 series of models have better search relevance, efficiency and inference speed than the v1 series. The specific advantages and disadvantages may vary across different datasets. |
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| Model | Inference-free for Retrieval | Model Parameters | AVG NDCG@10 | AVG FLOPS | |
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|-------|------------------------------|------------------|-------------|-----------| |
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| [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v1](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v1) | | 133M | 0.524 | 11.4 | |
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| [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v2-distill](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v2-distill) | | 67M | 0.528 | 8.3 | |
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| [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v1](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v1) | ✔️ | 133M | 0.490 | 2.3 | |
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| [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill) | ✔️ | 67M | 0.504 | 1.8 | |
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| [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-mini](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-mini) | ✔️ | 23M | 0.497 | 1.7 | |
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## Usage (HuggingFace) |
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This model is supposed to run inside OpenSearch cluster. But you can also use it outside the cluster, with HuggingFace models API. |
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```python |
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import json |
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import itertools |
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import torch |
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from transformers import AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoTokenizer |
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# get sparse vector from dense vectors with shape batch_size * seq_len * vocab_size |
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def get_sparse_vector(feature, output): |
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values, _ = torch.max(output*feature["attention_mask"].unsqueeze(-1), dim=1) |
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values = torch.log(1 + torch.relu(values)) |
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values[:,special_token_ids] = 0 |
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return values |
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# transform the sparse vector to a dict of (token, weight) |
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def transform_sparse_vector_to_dict(sparse_vector): |
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sample_indices,token_indices=torch.nonzero(sparse_vector,as_tuple=True) |
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non_zero_values = sparse_vector[(sample_indices,token_indices)].tolist() |
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number_of_tokens_for_each_sample = torch.bincount(sample_indices).cpu().tolist() |
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tokens = [transform_sparse_vector_to_dict.id_to_token[_id] for _id in token_indices.tolist()] |
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output = [] |
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end_idxs = list(itertools.accumulate([0]+number_of_tokens_for_each_sample)) |
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for i in range(len(end_idxs)-1): |
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token_strings = tokens[end_idxs[i]:end_idxs[i+1]] |
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weights = non_zero_values[end_idxs[i]:end_idxs[i+1]] |
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output.append(dict(zip(token_strings, weights))) |
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return output |
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# download the idf file from model hub. idf is used to give weights for query tokens |
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def get_tokenizer_idf(tokenizer): |
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download |
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local_cached_path = hf_hub_download(repo_id="opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill", filename="idf.json") |
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with open(local_cached_path) as f: |
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idf = json.load(f) |
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idf_vector = [0]*tokenizer.vocab_size |
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for token,weight in idf.items(): |
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_id = tokenizer._convert_token_to_id_with_added_voc(token) |
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idf_vector[_id]=weight |
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return torch.tensor(idf_vector) |
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# load the model |
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model = AutoModelForMaskedLM.from_pretrained("opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill") |
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill") |
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idf = get_tokenizer_idf(tokenizer) |
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# set the special tokens and id_to_token transform for post-process |
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special_token_ids = [tokenizer.vocab[token] for token in tokenizer.special_tokens_map.values()] |
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get_sparse_vector.special_token_ids = special_token_ids |
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id_to_token = ["" for i in range(tokenizer.vocab_size)] |
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for token, _id in tokenizer.vocab.items(): |
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id_to_token[_id] = token |
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transform_sparse_vector_to_dict.id_to_token = id_to_token |
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query = "What's the weather in ny now?" |
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document = "Currently New York is rainy." |
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# encode the query |
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feature_query = tokenizer([query], padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt', return_token_type_ids=False) |
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input_ids = feature_query["input_ids"] |
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batch_size = input_ids.shape[0] |
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query_vector = torch.zeros(batch_size, tokenizer.vocab_size) |
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query_vector[torch.arange(batch_size).unsqueeze(-1), input_ids] = 1 |
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query_sparse_vector = query_vector*idf |
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# encode the document |
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feature_document = tokenizer([document], padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt', return_token_type_ids=False) |
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output = model(**feature_document)[0] |
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document_sparse_vector = get_sparse_vector(feature_document, output) |
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# get similarity score |
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sim_score = torch.matmul(query_sparse_vector[0],document_sparse_vector[0]) |
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print(sim_score) # tensor(12.8465, grad_fn=<DotBackward0>) |
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query_token_weight = transform_sparse_vector_to_dict(query_sparse_vector)[0] |
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document_query_token_weight = transform_sparse_vector_to_dict(document_sparse_vector)[0] |
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for token in sorted(query_token_weight, key=lambda x:query_token_weight[x], reverse=True): |
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if token in document_query_token_weight: |
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print("score in query: %.4f, score in document: %.4f, token: %s"%(query_token_weight[token],document_query_token_weight[token],token)) |
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# result: |
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# score in query: 5.7729, score in document: 1.4109, token: ny |
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# score in query: 4.5684, score in document: 1.4673, token: weather |
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# score in query: 3.5895, score in document: 0.7473, token: now |
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``` |
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The above code sample shows an example of neural sparse search. Although there is no overlap token in original query and document, but this model performs a good match. |
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## Detailed Search Relevance |
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| Dataset | [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v1](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v1) | [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v2-distill](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-v2-distill) | [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v1](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v1) | [opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill](https://huggingface.co/opensearch-project/opensearch-neural-sparse-encoding-doc-v2-distill) | |
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|---------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| |
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| Trec Covid | 0.771 | 0.775 | 0.707 | 0.690 | |
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| NFCorpus | 0.360 | 0.347 | 0.352 | 0.343 | |
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| NQ | 0.553 | 0.561 | 0.521 | 0.528 | |
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| HotpotQA | 0.697 | 0.685 | 0.677 | 0.675 | |
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| FiQA | 0.376 | 0.374 | 0.344 | 0.357 | |
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| ArguAna | 0.508 | 0.551 | 0.461 | 0.496 | |
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| Touche | 0.278 | 0.278 | 0.294 | 0.287 | |
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| DBPedia | 0.447 | 0.435 | 0.412 | 0.418 | |
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| SCIDOCS | 0.164 | 0.173 | 0.154 | 0.166 | |
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| FEVER | 0.821 | 0.849 | 0.743 | 0.818 | |
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| Climate FEVER | 0.263 | 0.249 | 0.202 | 0.224 | |
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| SciFact | 0.723 | 0.722 | 0.716 | 0.715 | |
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| Quora | 0.856 | 0.863 | 0.788 | 0.841 | |
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| **Average** | **0.524** | **0.528** | **0.490** | **0.504** | |