thesisassist / app.py
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Create app.py
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import gradio as gr
import pandas as pd
# Sample structure of categories and phrases
categories = {
"Establishing why your topic (X) is important": [
("X is the main / leading / primary / major cause of ..", "XλŠ” μ£Όμš” μ›μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.."),
("Xs are a common / useful / critical part of…", "XsλŠ” 일반적이고 μœ μš©ν•˜λ©° μ€‘μš”ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€β€¦"),
("Xs are among the most widely used / commonly discussed / well-known / well-documented / widespread / commonly investigated types of …", "XsλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 널리 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  / 자주 λ…Όμ˜λ˜κ³  / 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있고 / 잘 λ¬Έμ„œν™”λ˜μ–΄ 있고 / 널리 퍼져 있으며 / 일반적으둜 μ‘°μ‚¬λœ μœ ν˜• 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€..."),
("X is recognized as being / believed to be / widely considered to be the most important …", "XλŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΈμ •λ˜κ³  / 믿어지고 / 널리 κ°„μ£Όλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€..."),
("It is well known / generally accepted / common knowledge that X is …", "XλŠ” 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ 있고 / 일반적으둜 받아듀여지며 / κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€...")
],
"Outlining the past-present history of the study of X": [
("Last century X was considered to be / viewed as / seen as the most …", "μ§€λ‚œ μ„ΈκΈ° XλŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ°„μ£Όλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..."),
("Initial / Preliminary / The first studies of X considered it to be", "초기 / μ˜ˆλΉ„ / 첫 번째 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” Xλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Traditionally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …", "μ „ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ X / X의 μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ, μ΄ˆμ μ€ 항상 ...에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Scientists / Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …", "κ³Όν•™μž / μ—°κ΅¬μž / 전문가듀은 항상 Xλ₯Ό ...둜 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Until now / For many years / Since 1993 Xs have been considered as …", "μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ / μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ / 1993λ…„λΆ€ν„° XλŠ” ...둜 κ°„μ£Όλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Outlining the possible future of X": [
("The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in X", "λ‹€μŒ 10년은 X의 μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 증가λ₯Ό λ³Ό κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In the next few years X will become / is likely to have become", "λ‹€μŒ λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ XλŠ” ...이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ / 될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Within the next few years, X is set / destined / likely to become an important component in …", "λ‹€μŒ λͺ‡ λ…„ 내에 XλŠ” ...의 μ€‘μš”ν•œ ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œκ°€ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ / 될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("By 2025 / Within the next ten years, X will have become …", "2025λ…„κΉŒμ§€ / λ‹€μŒ 10λ…„ 내에 XλŠ” ...이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("X will soon / shortly / rapidly / inevitably be an issue that …", "XλŠ” 곧 / λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ / ν•„μ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ ... λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Indicating the gap in knowledge and possible limitations": [
("Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / question of …", "μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€λ§Œμ΄ ... 문제λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to address …", "이전 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ...μ—λ§Œ μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ—ˆκ³  / μ œν•œλ˜μ—ˆκ³  / 닀루지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("A basic / common / fundamental / crucial / major issue of …", "기본적인 / 일반적인 / 근본적인 / μ€‘μš”ν•œ / μ£Όμš” λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The central / core problem of", "쀑심 / 핡심 λ¬Έμ œλŠ”"),
("A challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglected area in the field of …", "도전적인 / ν₯미둜운 / μ€‘μš”ν•œ / 방치된 λΆ„μ•ΌλŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Stating the aim of your paper and its contribution": [
("In this report / paper / review / study we …", "이 λ³΄κ³ μ„œ / λ…Όλ¬Έ / 리뷰 / μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ..."),
("This paper outlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to …", "이 논문은 ...에 λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ ‘κ·Ό 방식을 κ°œμš” / μ œμ•ˆ / μ„€λͺ… / μ œμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This paper examines / seeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …", "이 논문은 ...을 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 κ²€ν†  / ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³ μž 함 / 집쀑 / λ…Όμ˜ / μ‘°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to …", "이 논문은 ...에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°œμš” / 리뷰 / λ³΄κ³ μ„œ / μ˜ˆλΉ„ μ‹œλ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The present paper aims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’s findings regarding …", "ν˜„μž¬ 논문은 ...에 κ΄€ν•œ 펭의 λ°œκ²¬μ„ 검증 / μ˜λ¬Έμ„ 제기 / λ°˜λ°•ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Explaining the key terminology in your field": [
("The term β€˜X’ is generally understood to mean / has come to be used to refer to / has been applied to …", "μš©μ–΄ 'X'λŠ” 일반적으둜 ...을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄ν•΄λ˜λ©° / ...을 μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° / ...에 μ μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In the literature, X usually refers / often refers / tends to be used to refer to …", "λ¬Έν—Œμ—μ„œ XλŠ” 보톡 ...을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λ©° / μ’…μ’… ...을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λ©° / ...을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In the field of X, several / various / many definitions of Y can be found.", "X의 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” Y의 μ—¬λŸ¬ / λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ / λ§Žμ€ μ •μ˜κ°€ 발견될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The term X is / was / has been used by Molotov [2011] to refer to …", "μš©μ–΄ XλŠ” ...을 μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ Molotov [2011]에 μ˜ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Molotov uses the term X [2011] to refer to / denominate …", "Molotov은 ...을 μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ / λͺ…λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš©μ–΄ X [2011]을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Explaining how you will use terminology and acronyms in your paper": [
("The acronym PC stands for / denotes …", "μ•½μ–΄ PCλŠ” ...을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The subjects (henceforth named / hereafter β€˜X’) are…", "주제 (이후 'X'라고 λͺ…λͺ…됨)λŠ”..."),
("The subject, which we shall call / refer to as β€˜X’, is …", "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 'X'라고 λΆ€λ₯Ό μ£Όμ œλŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Throughout this paper / section we use the terms β€˜mafia’ and β€˜the mob’ interchangeably, following / in accordance with the practice of this department where this study was conducted.", "이 λ…Όλ¬Έ / μ„Ήμ…˜ μ „μ²΄μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'λ§ˆν”Όμ•„'와 '갱단'μ΄λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ₯Ό 이 연ꡬ가 μˆ˜ν–‰λœ 이 λΆ€μ„œμ˜ 관행에 따라 κ΅μ²΄ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The fonts, i.e. / that is to say the form of the characters, are of various types.", "κΈ€κΌ΄, 즉 문자 ν˜•μ‹μ€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μœ ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Giving the structure of paper - what is and is not included": [
("This paper is organized as follows / divided into five sections.", "이 논문은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ‹€μ„― μ„Ήμ…˜μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The first section / Section 1 gives a brief overview of …", "첫 번째 μ„Ήμ…˜ / μ„Ήμ…˜ 1은 ...의 κ°„λž΅ν•œ κ°œμš”λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The second section examines / analyses …", "두 번째 μ„Ήμ…˜μ€ ...을 κ²€ν†  / λΆ„μ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In the third section a case study is presented / analyzed …", "μ„Έ 번째 μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œλŠ” 사둀 연ꡬ가 μ œμ‹œ / λΆ„μ„λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("A new methodology is described / outlined in the fourth section …", "μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법둠이 λ„€ 번째 μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ μ„€λͺ… / κ°œμš”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Giving general panorama of past-to-present literature": [
("There is a considerable / vast amount of literature on …", "...에 λŒ€ν•œ μƒλ‹Ήν•œ / λ°©λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έν—Œμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In the literature there are many / several / a surprising number of / few examples of …", "λ¬Έν—Œμ—λŠ” ...의 λ§Žμ€ / μ—¬λŸ¬ / λ†€λΌμš΄ 수의 / λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("What we know / is known about X is largely based on …", "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” / X에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것은 주둜 ...에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Much / Not much / Very little is known about …", "...에 λŒ€ν•΄ 많이 / 거의 / 맀우 적게 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Many / Few studies have been published on … [Ref]", "...에 λŒ€ν•œ λ§Žμ€ / 적은 연ꡬ가 λ°œν‘œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ [μ°Έμ‘°]")
],
"Reviewing past literature": [
("In their seminal / groundbreaking / cutting edge paper of 2001, Peters and Jones …", "2001λ…„ Peters와 Jones의 μ€‘μš”ν•œ / 획기적인 / μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ ..."),
("Initial / Preliminary work in this field focused primarily on …", "이 λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 초기 / μ˜ˆλΉ„ μž‘μ—…μ€ 주둜 ...에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Some preliminary work was carried out in the early 1990s / several years ago …", "1990λ…„λŒ€ 초 / λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „ λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆλΉ„ μž‘μ—…μ΄ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Doyle in 2000 was among / one of the first to …", "2000λ…„ Doyle은 ...을 처음으둜 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The first investigations into / studies on X found that …", "X에 λŒ€ν•œ 첫 번째 μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” ...을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Reviewing subsequent and more recent literature": [
("Experiments on X were conducted / carried out / performed on X in 2009 by a group of researchers from …", "2009년에 ...의 연ꡬ 그룹에 μ˜ν•΄ X에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ΄ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In a major advance in 2010, Berlusconi et al. surveyed / interviewed …", "2010년에 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§„μ „μœΌλ‘œ Berlusconi 등은 ...을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Jeffries and co-workers [2011] measured / calculated / estimated …", "Jeffries와 곡동 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ [2011] μΈ‘μ • / 계산 / μΆ”μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In [67] the authors investigated / studied / analyzed …", "[67]μ—μ„œ μ €μžλ“€μ€ ...을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("A recent review of the literature on this topic / subject / matter / area [2012] found that …", "이 주제 / 주제 / 문제 / μ˜μ—­μ— λŒ€ν•œ 졜근의 λ¬Έν—Œ κ²€ν†  [2012]λŠ” ...을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Reporting what specific authors have said": [
("In her analysis / review / overview / critique of X, Bertram [2] questions the need for …", "κ·Έλ…€μ˜ X 뢄석 / 리뷰 / κ°œμš” / λΉ„νŒμ—μ„œ Bertram [2]은 ...의 ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In his introduction to / seminal article on / investigation into X, Schneider [3] shows that …", "X에 λŒ€ν•œ 그의 μ†Œκ°œ / μ€‘μš”ν•œ 기사 / μ‘°μ‚¬μ—μ„œ Schneider [3]은 ...을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Dee [4] developed / reported on a new method for X and concluded that …", "Dee [4]λŠ” X에 λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법을 개발 / λ³΄κ³ ν•˜κ³  ...이라고 κ²°λ‘ μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Southern’s group [5] calls into question some past assumptions / hypotheses / theories about X.", "Southern의 κ·Έλ£Ή [5]은 X에 λŒ€ν•œ κ³Όκ±° κ°€μ • / κ°€μ„€ / 이둠을 μ˜λ¬Έμ‹œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Burgess [6], an authority on X, notes / mentions / highlights / states / affirms that …", "X의 κΆŒμœ„μžμΈ Burgess [6]은 ...을 μ–ΈκΈ‰ / μ–ΈκΈ‰ / κ°•μ‘° / μ§„μˆ  / ν™•μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Mentioning positive aspects of others’ work": [
("Smith’s [22] use of X is fully justified / very plausible / endorsed by experience.", "Smith [22]의 X μ‚¬μš©μ€ μ™„μ „νžˆ μ •λ‹Ήν™”λ˜μ—ˆκ³  / 맀우 κ·ΈλŸ΄λ“―ν•˜κ³  / κ²½ν—˜μ— μ˜ν•΄ μŠΉμΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Kamos’s [23] assumptions seem to be realistic / well-founded / well-grounded / plausible / reasonable / acceptable.", "Kamos [23]의 가정은 ν˜„μ‹€μ μ΄κ³  / 잘 기반이 μž‘ν˜€ 있으며 / νƒ€λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  / 합리적이고 / 수용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The equations given in [24] are accurate / comprehensive …", "[24]에 주어진 방정식은 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ³  / ν¬κ΄„μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("It has been suggested [25] that … and this seems to be a reliable / useful / innovative approach …", "[25]μ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆλ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©° ... 이것은 μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 있고 / μœ μš©ν•˜λ©° / ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ μ ‘κ·Ό λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Highlighting limitations of previous studies - authors not mentioned by name": [
("Research has tended to focus on X rather than Y. An additional problem is that / Moreover X is …", "μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” Y보닀 X에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μΆ”κ°€ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ...이며 / λ˜ν•œ XλŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The main limitation / downside / disadvantage / pitfall / shortfall of X is …", "X의 μ£Όμš” ν•œκ³„ / 단점 / 단점 / 함정 / 뢀쑱은 ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("One of the major drawbacks to adopting / using / exploiting this system is …", "이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 채택 / μ‚¬μš© / ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” 단점 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This is something of a pitfall / disadvantage …", "이것은 ...의 함정 / λ‹¨μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("A well-known / major / serious criticism of X is …", "X에 λŒ€ν•œ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ / μ£Όμš” / μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ€ ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Highlighting limitations of previous studies - authors mentioned by name": [
("Peng [31] claimed / contended that X is … but she failed to provide adequate proof of this finding.", "Peng [31]은 Xκ°€ ...이라고 μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 이 λ°œκ²¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ μ ˆν•œ 증거λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Peng’s findings do not seem / appear to support his conclusions.", "Peng의 λ°œκ²¬μ€ 그의 결둠을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This has led authors such as / for example / for instance Mithran [32], Yasmin [34] and Hai [35] to investigate ..", "이둜 인해 Mithran [32], Yasmin [34] 및 Hai [35]와 같은 μ €μžλ“€μ΄ ...을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The shortcomings / pitfalls / flaws of their method have been clearly recognized.", "κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°©λ²•μ˜ 단점 / 함정 / 결함은 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μΈμ‹λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("A serious weakness / limitation / drawback with this argument, however, is that …", "κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 μ£Όμž₯μ—λŠ” μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 약점 / μ œν•œ / 결함이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Using the opinions of others to justify your criticism of someone’s work": [
("As mentioned by Burgess [2011], Henri’s argument / approach / reasoning relies too heavily on …", "Burgess [2011]이 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ, Henri의 μ£Όμž₯ / μ ‘κ·Ό / 좔둠은 ...에 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ˜μ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("As others have highlighted [34, 45, 60], Ozil’s approach raises many doubts / is questionable …", "λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ°•μ‘°ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ [34, 45, 60], Ozil의 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식은 λ§Žμ€ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ˜μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Several authors / experts / researchers / analysts have expressed doubts about / called into question / challenged Guyot on the grounds that …..", "μ—¬λŸ¬ μ €μž / μ „λ¬Έκ°€ / μ—°κ΅¬μž / 뢄석가듀이 ...의 이유둜 Guyot에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜κ³  λ„μ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Marchesi [2010] has already noted an inconsistency with Hahn’s claim / methodology / method / results / approach …", "Marchesi [2010]은 Hahn의 μ£Όμž₯ / 방법둠 / 방법 / κ²°κ³Ό / μ ‘κ·Ό λ°©μ‹μ˜ 뢈일치λ₯Ό 이미 μ§€μ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Friedrich’s approach [2013] has not escaped criticism / been subjected to much criticism and has been strongly / vigorously challenged …", "Friedrich의 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식 [2013]은 λΉ„νŒμ„ ν”Όν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμœΌλ©° λ§Žμ€ λΉ„νŒμ„ λ°›μ•˜μœΌλ©° κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ„μ „λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Describing purpose of testing / methods used": [
("In order to identify / understand / investigate / study / analyze X …", "Xλ₯Ό 식별 / 이해 / 쑰사 / 연ꡬ / λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ..."),
("To enable / allow us to … , we …", "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ...ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ..."),
("To see / determine / check / verify / determine whether …", "...인지 확인 / κ²°μ • / 확인 / κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄"),
("To control / test for X, Y was done.", "Xλ₯Ό μ œμ–΄ / ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ Yκ°€ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("So that we could / would be able to do X, we …", "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ Xλ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ...")
],
"Outlining similarities with other authors’ models, systems etc.": [
("The set up we used can be found / is reported / is detailed in [Ref 2].", "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 섀정은 [μ°Έμ‘° 2]에 λ‚˜μ™€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μžμ„Ένžˆ μ„€λͺ…λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Our experimental set up bears a close resemblance to / is reminiscent of / is based on / is a variation on / was inspired by / owes a lot to / is more or less identical to / is practically the same as the one proposed by Smith [2014].", "우리의 μ‹€ν—˜ 섀정은 Smith [2014]이 μ œμ•ˆν•œ 것과 거의 λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / 기반으둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ³€ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μœ μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("We used a variation of Smith’s procedure. In fact / Specifically, in our procedure we …", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” Smith의 절차의 λ³€ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 사싀 / ꡬ체적으둜, 우리의 μ ˆμ°¨μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ..."),
("Our steps proceed very much in the same way as / follow what is indicated in [Ref. 2]. First, …", "우리의 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” [μ°Έμ‘° 2]에 λ‚˜μ™€ μžˆλŠ” 것과 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ§„ν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¨Όμ €, ..."),
("The procedure used is as described / explained / reported / proposed by Sakamoto [2013].", "μ‚¬μš©λœ μ ˆμ°¨λŠ” Sakamoto [2013]에 μ˜ν•΄ μ„€λͺ… / μ„€λͺ… / 보고 / μ œμ•ˆλœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Describing the apparatus and materials used and their source": [
("The instrument used / utilized / adopted / employed was …", "μ‚¬μš©λœ / μ±„νƒλœ / 적용된 κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” ..."),
("The apparatus consists of / is made up of / is composed of / is based on …", "κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” ...둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / ...에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The device was designed / developed / set up in order to …", "κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” ...ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 섀계 / 개발 / μ„€μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("X incorporates / exploits / makes use of the latest technological advances.", "XλŠ” μ΅œμ‹  기술 진보λ₯Ό 톡합 / ν™œμš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The system comes complete / is equipped / is fully integrated / is fitted with a …", "μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ ...둜 μ™„μ „νžˆ ν†΅ν•©λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μž₯μ°©λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Reporting software used": [
("The software application / program / package used to analyze the data was SoftGather (Softsift plc, London).", "데이터λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λœ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ / ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ / νŒ¨ν‚€μ§€λŠ” SoftGather (Softsift plc, London)μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The data were obtained / collected using SoftGather.", "λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” SoftGatherλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ§‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Data management / analysis was performed by / using SoftGather.", "데이터 κ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” SoftGatherλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("X was carried out / performed / analyzed / calculated / determined using SoftGather.", "XλŠ” SoftGatherλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ³„μ‚°λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ²°μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Statistical significance was analyzed by using / through the use of SoftGather.", "톡계적 μœ μ˜μ„±μ€ SoftGatherλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Reporting customizations performed": [
("X was tailored / customized for use with …", "XλŠ” ...에 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ„λ‘ 맞좀 μ œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("X can easily be customized / adapted / modified to suit all requirements.", "XλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μš”κ΅¬ 사항에 맞게 μ‰½κ²Œ 맞좀 μ œμž‘ / μ‘°μ • / μˆ˜μ •λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Measurements were taken using purpose-built / custom-built / customized equipment.", "츑정은 λͺ©μ μ— 맞게 μ œμž‘λœ / 맞좀 μ œμž‘λœ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The apparatus was adapted as in [Ref] / in accordance with [Ref] / as follows:", "κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” [μ°Έμ‘°]에 따라 / λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μ‘°μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The following changes / modifications were made:", "λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ³€κ²½ / μˆ˜μ •μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Formulating equations, theories and theorems": [
("This problem can be outlined / phrased / posed in terms of …", "이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ...의 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ κ°œμš”ν™” / ν‘œν˜„ / μ œμ‹œλ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The problem is ruled by / governed by / related to / correlated to …", "λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ...에 μ˜ν•΄ μ§€λ°°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ΄€λ ¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This theorem asserts / states that …", "이 μ •λ¦¬λŠ” ...을 μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ§„μˆ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The resulting integrals / solution to X can be expressed as …", "결과적인 적뢄 / X에 λŒ€ν•œ 해결책은 ...둜 ν‘œν˜„λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("… where T stands for / denotes / identifies / is an abbreviation for time.", "… μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ TλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ‹λ³„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Explaining why you chose your specific method, model, equipment, sample etc.": [
("The aim / purpose of X is to do Y. Consequently we / As a result we / Therefore we / We thus …", "X의 λͺ©μ  / λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” Yλ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ..."),
("This method / model / system was chosen because it is one of the most practical / feasible / economic / rapid ways to …", "이 방법 / λͺ¨λΈ / μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ ...ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ‹€μš©μ μ΄κ³  / μ‹€ν˜„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³  / 경제적이고 / μ‹ μ†ν•œ 방법 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ„ νƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("We chose this particular apparatus because / on account of the fact that / due to / since …", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 νŠΉμ • κΈ°κΈ°λ₯Ό ... λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ„ νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("It was decided that the best procedure / method / equipment for this investigation / study was to …", "이 쑰사 / 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ΅œμƒμ˜ 절차 / 방법 / μž₯λΉ„λŠ” ...ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("An X approach was chosen / selected in order to …", "X μ ‘κ·Ό 방식이 ...ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„ νƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Explaining the preparation of samples, solutions etc.": [
("We used reliable / innovative / classic / traditional techniques based on the recommendations of …", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ...의 ꢌμž₯ 사항을 기반으둜 μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” / ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ / 고전적인 / 전톡적인 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Xs were prepared as described by / according to / following Jude [2010].", "XsλŠ” Jude [2010]에 μ˜ν•΄ μ„€λͺ…λœ λŒ€λ‘œ / ...에 따라 μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Xs were prepared in accordance with / in compliance with / as required by….", "XsλŠ” ...에 따라 / μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Y was prepared using the same / a similar procedure as for X.", "YλŠ” X와 λ™μΌν•œ / μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 절차λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("All samples were carefully / thoroughly checked for …", "λͺ¨λ“  μƒ˜ν”Œμ€ ...에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ / μ² μ €νžˆ κ²€μ‚¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Outlining selection procedure for samples, surveys etc.": [
("The traditional / classical / normal / usual approach to sample collection is to …", "μƒ˜ν”Œ μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 전톡적인 / 고전적인 / 일반적인 / 일반적인 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식은 ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The criteria / reasons for selecting Xs were:", "Xsλ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•œ κΈ°μ€€ / μ΄μœ λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The sample was selected / subdivided on the basis of X and Y.", "μƒ˜ν”Œμ€ X와 Yλ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 선택 / μ„ΈλΆ„ν™”λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The initial sample consisted of / was made up / was composed of …", "초기 μƒ˜ν”Œμ€ ...둜 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Approximately / Just over / Slightly under a half / third / quarter of the sample were …", "λŒ€λž΅ / 절반 이상 / μ•½κ°„ 적은 절반 / μ‚ΌλΆ„μ˜ 일 / μ‚¬λΆ„μ˜ 일의 μƒ˜ν”Œμ€ ...μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Indicating the time frame (past tenses)": [
("Initial studies were made / performed / done / carried out / executed using the conditions described above over / for a period of …", "초기 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μœ„μ—μ„œ μ„€λͺ…ν•œ 쑰건을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ... κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("X was collected / used / tested / characterized / assessed during the first / initial step.", "XλŠ” 첫 번째 / 초기 단계 λ™μ•ˆ μˆ˜μ§‘ / μ‚¬μš© / ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ / νŠΉμ„±ν™” / ν‰κ°€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Prior to / Before doing X, we did Y.", "Xλ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ° 전에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” Yλ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("First we estimated / determined the value of X, then / subsequently we studied / analyzed / evaluated Y.", "λ¨Όμ € μš°λ¦¬λŠ” X의 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μΆ”μ • / κ²°μ •ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ— / μ΄μ–΄μ„œ Yλ₯Ό 연ꡬ / 뢄석 / ν‰κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Once / As soon as / After X had been done, we then did Y.", "Xκ°€ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μžλ§ˆμž / μ™„λ£Œλœ ν›„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” Yλ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Indicating the time frame in a general process (present tenses)": [
("In the first step / During the first phase / In the initial stage of the process …", "첫 번째 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ / 첫 번째 단계 λ™μ•ˆ / κ³Όμ •μ˜ 초기 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ ..."),
("Once / As soon as / After X has been done, we can then do Y.", "Xκ°€ μ™„λ£Œλ˜λ©΄ / μ™„λ£Œλ˜μžλ§ˆμž μš°λ¦¬λŠ” Yλ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This sets the stage / We are now ready for the next step.", "이것은 단계λ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이제 λ‹€μŒ 단계λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("At this point / Now X can be …", "이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ / 이제 XλŠ” ..."),
("After / When / As soon as these steps have been carried out, X …", "이 단계가 μˆ˜ν–‰λœ ν›„ / μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μžλ§ˆμž X ...")
],
"Indicating that care must be taken": [
("To do this entails / involves / requires doing X.", "이 μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λ €λ©΄ Xλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("It is seldom / rarely / usually / generally / often / always practical to …", "...ν•˜λŠ” 것은 거의 / 거의 / 보톡 / 일반적으둜 / μ’…μ’… / 항상 μ‹€μš©μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Considerable / Great care must be taken / exercised when …", "...ν•  λ•Œ μƒλ‹Ήν•œ / λ§Žμ€ 주의λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("A great deal of / Considerable attention must be paid when …", "...ν•  λ•Œ λ§Žμ€ / μƒλ‹Ήν•œ 주의λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Extreme caution must be taken / used when …", "...ν•  λ•Œ κ·Ήλ„μ˜ 주의λ₯Ό κΈ°μšΈμ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Describing benefits of your method, equipment etc.": [
("This method represents a viable / valuable / useful / groundbreaking / innovative alternative to …", "이 방법은 ...에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹€ν–‰ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ / κ°€μΉ˜ μžˆλŠ” / μœ μš©ν•œ / 획기적인 / ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ λŒ€μ•ˆμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This equipment has the ability / capacity / potential to outperform all previous Xs.", "이 μž₯λΉ„λŠ” μ΄μ „μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  Xλ₯Ό λŠ₯κ°€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯ / μš©λŸ‰ / 잠재λ ₯을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This apparatus has several / many interesting features / characteristics.", "이 κΈ°κΈ°λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 / λ§Žμ€ ν₯미둜운 κΈ°λŠ₯ / νŠΉμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Our method has many interesting / attractive / beneficial / useful / practical / effective / valuable applications.", "우리의 방법은 λ§Žμ€ ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ³  / 맀λ ₯적이고 / μœ μ΅ν•˜κ³  / μœ μš©ν•˜κ³  / μ‹€μš©μ μ΄κ³  / 효과적이고 / κ°€μΉ˜ μžˆλŠ” μ‘μš© ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Of particular / major / fundamental interest is …", "특히 / μ£Όμš” / 근본적인 κ΄€μ‹¬μ‚¬λŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Outlining alternative approaches": [
("A less lengthy / time-consuming / cumbersome / costly approach is …", "덜 κΈΈκ³  / μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 많이 걸리고 / 번거둭고 / λΉ„μš©μ΄ 많이 λ“œλŠ” μ ‘κ·Ό 방식은 ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("A neater / more elegant / simplified / more practical solution for this problem …", "이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 더 κΉ”λ”ν•˜κ³  / 더 μš°μ•„ν•˜κ³  / κ°„μ†Œν™”λ˜κ³  / 더 μ‹€μš©μ μΈ μ†”λ£¨μ…˜μ€ ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("An alternative solution, though with high overheads / slightly more complicated / less exhaustive is …", "높은 μ˜€λ²„ν—€λ“œ / μ•½κ°„ 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  / 덜 μ² μ €ν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆ μ†”λ£¨μ…˜μ€ ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("One / One possible / A good way to avoid the use of X is to use Y instead.", "X의 μ‚¬μš©μ„ ν”Όν•˜λŠ” ν•œ 가지 방법 / κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 방법 / 쒋은 방법은 λŒ€μ‹  Yλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Explaining how you got your results": [
("To assess X / evaluate X / distinguish between X and Y, Z was used.", "Xλ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ / X와 Yλ₯Ό κ΅¬λ³„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ Zκ°€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("X analysis was used to test / predict / confirm Y.", "Yλ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ / 예츑 / ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ X 뢄석이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Changes in X were identified / calculated / compared using …", "X의 λ³€ν™”λŠ” ...λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 식별 / 계산 / λΉ„κ΅λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The correlation / difference between X and Y was tested.", "X와 Y μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 상관 관계 / 차이가 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The first set of analyses investigated / examined / confirmed / highlighted the impact of …", "첫 번째 뢄석 μ„ΈνŠΈλŠ” ...의 영ν–₯을 쑰사 / κ²€ν†  / 확인 / κ°•μ‘°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Reporting results from questionnaires and interviews": [
("Of the study population / initial sample / initial cohort, 90 subjects completed and returned the questionnaire.", "연ꡬ 인ꡬ / 초기 μƒ˜ν”Œ / 초기 μ½”ν˜ΈνŠΈ 쀑 90λͺ…이 섀문지λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ λ°˜ν™˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The response rate was 70% at / after / for the first six months and …", "응닡λ₯ μ€ 처음 6κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ / 후에 / 70%μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The majority of respondents / those who responded felt that …", "μ‘λ‹΅μžμ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ / μ‘λ‹΅ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ...라고 λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Over half / Sixty per cent of those surveyed / questioned reported that …", "쑰사 / μ§ˆλ¬Έλ°›μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 절반 이상 / 60%λŠ” ...라고 λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Almost / Just under / Approximately two-thirds of the participants (64%) said / felt / commented that …", "μ°Έκ°€μžμ˜ 거의 / μ•½κ°„ 적은 / μ•½ 3λΆ„μ˜ 2 (64%)λŠ” ...라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Stating what you found": [
("These tests revealed / showed / highlighted that …", "이 ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλŠ” ...을 λ“œλŸ¬λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ°•μ‘°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Strong / Some / No evidence of X was found …", "X의 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ / 일뢀 / 증거가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Interestingly / Surprisingly / Unexpectedly, for high values of X, Y was found ..", "ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ / λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ / 예기치 μ•Šκ²Œ X의 높은 κ°’μ—μ„œ Yκ°€ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("There was a significant positive / no correlation between …", "... 사이에 μœ μ˜ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ 상관 관계 / 상관 관계가 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("On average / Generally speaking / Broadly speaking, we found values for X of …", "ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ / 일반적으둜 / λ„“κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” X의 값을 ...둜 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Stating what you did not find": [
("No significant difference / correlation was found / identified / revealed / detected / observed / highlighted between …. ", "... 사이에 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이 / 상관 관계가 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ‹λ³„λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ°μ§€λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ°•μ‘°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("There were no significant differences between X and Y in terms of Z / with regard to Z / as far as Z is concerned.", "Z와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ / Z와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ / Z와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ X와 Y 사이에 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이가 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The analysis did not show / reveal / identify / confirm any significant differences between …", "뢄석은 ... μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό 보여주지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ‹λ³„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / ν™•μΈν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("None of these differences were / Not one of these differences was statistically significant.", "이 차이 쀑 μ–΄λŠ 것도 / μ–΄λŠ ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Overall / Taken as a whole / Generally speaking / With a few exceptions, our results show X did not affect Y.", "μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ / μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ / 일반적으둜 / λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆμ™Έλ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³ , 우리의 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” Xκ°€ Y에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Highlighting significant results and achievements": [
("The most striking / remarkable result to emerge from the data is that …", "λ°μ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ κ°€μž₯ λˆˆμ— λ„λŠ” / μ£Όλͺ©ν• λ§Œν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Interestingly / Curiously / Remarkably / Inexplicably, this correlation is related to …. ", "ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ / ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ—μ„œ / μ£Όλͺ©ν• λ§Œν•˜κ²Œ / μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μ—†κ²Œλ„, 이 상관 κ΄€κ³„λŠ” ...와 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Significantly / Importantly / Crucially / Critically, X is …", "μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ / μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ / κ²°μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ / λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ XλŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The correlation between X and Y is interesting / of interest / worth noting / noteworthy / worth mentioning because …", "X와 Y μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 상관 κ΄€κ³„λŠ” ... λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ£Όλͺ©ν• λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ£Όλͺ©ν• λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ–ΈκΈ‰ν• λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The most surprising / remarkable / intriguing correlation is with the …", "κ°€μž₯ λ†€λΌμš΄ / μ£Όλͺ©ν• λ§Œν•œ / ν₯미둜운 상관 κ΄€κ³„λŠ” ...와 관련이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Stating that your results confirm previous evidence": [
("Our experiments confirm / corroborate / are in line with / are consistent with previous results [Wiley 2009].", "우리의 μ‹€ν—˜μ€ 이전 κ²°κ³Ό [Wiley 2009]λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / ν™•μ¦ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μΌμΉ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μΌκ΄€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The values are barely / scarcely / hardly distinguishable from [Li 2010] who …", "값은 [Li 2010]κ³Ό 거의 ꡬ별할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This value has been found to be / is typical of X.", "이 값은 X의 μ „ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ „ν˜•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This is in good agreement / in complete agreement / consistent with …", "이것은 ...와 잘 μΌμΉ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ™„μ „νžˆ μΌμΉ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μΌμΉ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This fits / matches / concurs well with [65] and also confirms our earlier / previous findings [39, 40, 41].", "이것은 [65]와 잘 맞으며 우리의 이전 / 이전 발견 [39, 40, 41]을 ν™•μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Stating that your results are in contrast with previous evidence": [
("It was found that X = 2, whereas / on the other hand Kamatchi [2011] found that …", "X = 2μž„μ΄ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, λ°˜λ©΄μ— Kamatchi [2011]은 ...을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("We found much higher values for X than / with respect to those reported by Pandey [2000].", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” Pandey [2000]에 μ˜ν•΄ 보고된 것보닀 X에 λŒ€ν•΄ 훨씬 높은 값을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Although / Despite the fact that Li and Mithran [2014] found that X = 2 we found that X = 3.", "Li와 Mithran [2014]이 X = 2라고 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” X = 3이라고 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In contrast to / contradiction with earlier findings [Castenas, 2009], we …", "이전 연ꡬ [Castenas, 2009]κ³Ό λŒ€μ‘°μ μœΌλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ..."),
("This study has not confirmed previous research on X. However / Nevertheless / Despite this, it serves to …", "이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” X에 λŒ€ν•œ 이전 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ / κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  / κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 그것은 ...에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Stating and justifying the acceptability of your results": [
("As expected / anticipated / predicted / forecast / hypothesized, our experiments show / demonstrate / prove that …", "μ˜ˆμƒλŒ€λ‘œ / μ˜ˆμΈ‘λŒ€λ‘œ / μ˜ˆμΈ‘λŒ€λ‘œ / κ°€μ„€λŒ€λ‘œ, 우리의 μ‹€ν—˜μ€ ...을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€ / 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Our formula captures / reproduces the response of …", "우리의 곡식은 ...의 응닡을 캑처 / μž¬ν˜„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("We found a very good agreement between X and Y.", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” X와 Y 사이에 맀우 쒋은 일치λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("There is an excellent correlation between …", "... 사이에 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 상관 관계가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The close correlation between X and Y indicates / suggests / reveals that …", "X와 Y μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ λ°€μ ‘ν•œ 상관 κ΄€κ³„λŠ” ...을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ‹œμ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ“œλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Justifying your results when previous results are not available or difficult to obtain": [
("No results for X have been reported previously. However, …", "X에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 이전에 보고된 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, ..."),
("These are the first results reported / published on X.", "이것은 X에 λŒ€ν•΄ 보고된 / λ°œν‘œλœ 첫 번째 κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Owing to the lack of data on X, we can only compare our results to Y.", "X에 λŒ€ν•œ 데이터 λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό Yμ™€λ§Œ 비ꡐ할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("To the best of our knowledge, these results are unprecedented / have not been described before.", "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” ν•œ, 이 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ „λ‘€κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©° / 이전에 μ„€λͺ…λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Although there are no / very few / hardly any studies to compare these results with, they seem to be in line with …", "이 결과와 비ꡐ할 연ꡬ가 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ / 거의 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ / 거의 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ, 그듀은 ...와 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Evaluating your findings": [
("This finding / result / outcome is likely to be / may be / could be related to …", "이 발견 / κ²°κ³Ό / κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ...와 관련이 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / 관련될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The possible / probable / likely reason for this is that …", "이것에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ / κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ / κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("The reason for this is not clear / immediately apparent / immediately obvious.", "이것에 λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μœ λŠ” λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ¦‰μ‹œ λͺ…λ°±ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ¦‰μ‹œ λͺ…λ°±ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("We were unable / unable to find any correlation between X and Y.", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” X와 Y μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 상관 관계λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / 찾을 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("An alternative / another possible explanation for this might be …", "이것에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆ / 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ„€λͺ…은 ...일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Indicating confidence / lack of confidence in your findings": [
("We are confident / fairly certain / certain / convinced that our results can be extrapolated / transferred to …", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리의 κ²°κ³Όκ°€ ...에 μ™Έμ‚½ / 전솑될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ½€ ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("This is a promising / encouraging finding, which is / is not in line with our expectations.", "이것은 우리의 κΈ°λŒ€μ™€ μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” / μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μœ λ§ν•œ / 고무적인 λ°œκ²¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("However, we are less confident about …", "κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ...에 λŒ€ν•΄ 덜 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Despite the promising results, this finding needs to be confirmed / validated / verified by a larger sample size.", "μœ λ§ν•œ 결과에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 이 λ°œκ²¬μ€ 더 큰 μƒ˜ν”Œ 크기에 μ˜ν•΄ 확인 / 검증 / 검증될 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("It is unclear / debatable / questionable / uncertain whether these findings can be applied to …", "이 발견이 ...에 적용될 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λ…Όλž€μ˜ 여지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ˜λ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ / λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Mentioning problems that were encountered": [
("One problem / issue / difficulty we encountered was …", "μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§λ©΄ν•œ ν•œ 가지 문제 / 문제 / 어렀움은 ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("We encountered / experienced / faced a number of problems with …", "μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ...에 λ§Žμ€ 문제λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ / μ§λ©΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("There were several limitations / constraints / difficulties in …", "μ—¬λŸ¬ μ œν•œ 사항 / μ œμ•½ / 어렀움이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Another problem was that / with …", "또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ...μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("It is important to note / recognize / be aware that …", "μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 ...λ₯Ό μ£Όλͺ© / 인식 / μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Explaining an unexpected result": [
("The unexpected result / finding was that …", "예기치 μ•Šμ€ κ²°κ³Ό / λ°œκ²¬μ€ ...μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Interestingly / Surprisingly / Unexpectedly, we found that …", "ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„ / λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ / 예기치 μ•Šκ²Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ...을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("One unexpected result was …", "ν•œ 가지 예기치 μ•Šμ€ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ...μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("It is unclear / unclear why …", "μ™œ ...인지 λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ / 뢈λͺ…ν™•ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Possible explanations for this include …", "이에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ„€λͺ…은 ...을 ν¬ν•¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Proposing future work": [
("Further work / research / investigation is needed to …", "μΆ”κ°€ μž‘μ—… / 연ꡬ / 쑰사가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ..."),
("Future studies should focus on …", "미래의 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ...에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ°μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Further work is required to determine / confirm / establish …", "μΆ”κ°€ μž‘μ—…μ€ ...을 κ²°μ • / 확인 / μ„€μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Future research could explore / examine …", "미래의 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ...을 탐ꡬ / κ²€ν† ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("It would be interesting / valuable to investigate …", "...을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 ν₯미둜울 / κ°€μΉ˜ μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€")
],
"Concluding your paper": [
("In conclusion, we have demonstrated that …", "결둠적으둜, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ...을 μž…μ¦ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("To sum up, our findings suggest that …", "μš”μ•½ν•˜λ©΄, 우리의 λ°œκ²¬μ€ ...을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Overall, our results indicate that …", "μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ, 우리의 κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ...을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("In summary, we have shown that …", "μš”μ•½ν•˜λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ...을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"),
("Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that …", "μ’…ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ, 우리의 λ°œκ²¬μ€ ...λΌλŠ” 가섀을 μ§€μ§€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€")
]
}
import gradio as gr
import pandas as pd
def get_phrases(category):
data = categories.get(category, [])
df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=["English", "Korean"])
return df
def display_phrases(category):
df = get_phrases(category)
return gr.DataFrame(df)
category_list = list(categories.keys())
interface = gr.Interface(fn=display_phrases, inputs=gr.Dropdown(category_list), outputs="dataframe", live=True)
interface.launch()
def get_phrases(category):
data = categories.get(category, [])
df = pd.DataFrame(data, columns=["English", "Korean"])
return df
# Create the Gradio interface
def display_phrases(category):
df = get_phrases(category)
return gr.DataFrame(df)
category_list = list(categories.keys())
interface = gr.Interface(fn=display_phrases, inputs=gr.Dropdown(category_list), outputs="dataframe", live=True)
interface.launch()