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	# LightZero

	<div align="center">
	<img width="1000px" height="auto" src="https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/LightZero.png"></a>
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	---

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	最近更新于 2023.12.07 LightZero-v0.0.3

	> LightZero 是一个轻量、高效、易懂的 MCTS+RL 开源算法库。

	[English](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/README.md) \| 简体中文 \| [论文链接](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.08348.pdf)

	## 背景

	以 AlphaZero, MuZero 为代表的结合蒙特卡洛树搜索 (Monte Carlo Tree Search, MCTS) 和深度强化学习 (Deep Reinforcemeent Learning, DRL) 的方法，在诸如围棋，Atari 等各种游戏上取得了超人的水平，也在诸如蛋白质结构预测，矩阵乘法算法寻找等科学领域取得了可喜的进展。下图为蒙特卡洛树搜索（MCTS）算法族的发展历史：
	![pipeline](assets/mcts_rl_evolution_overview.png)

	## 概览

	LightZero 是一个结合了蒙特卡洛树搜索和强化学习的开源算法工具包。它支持一系列基于 MCTS 的 RL 算法，具有以下优点：
	- 轻量。
	- 高效。
	- 易懂。

	详情请参考[特点](#features)、[框架结构](#framework-structure)和[集成算法](#integrated-algorithms)。

	LightZero 的目标是标准化 MCTS 算法族，以加速相关研究和应用。 [Benchmark](#benchmark) 中介绍了目前所有已实现算法的性能比较。

	### 导航
	- [概览](#概览)
	- [导航](#导航)
	- [特点](#特点)
	- [框架结构](#框架结构)
	- [集成算法](#集成算法)
	- [安装方法](#安装方法)
	- [快速开始](#快速开始)
	- [基线算法比较](#基线算法比较)
	- [MCTS相关笔记](#MCTS-相关笔记)
	- [论文笔记](#论文笔记)
	- [算法框架图](#算法框架图)
	- [MCTS相关论文](#MCTS-相关论文)
	- [重要论文](#重要论文)
	- [其他论文](#其他论文)
	- [反馈意见和贡献](#反馈意见和贡献)
	- [引用](#引用)
	- [致谢](#致谢)
	- [许可证](#许可证)

	### 特点
	轻量：LightZero 中集成了多种 MCTS 族算法，能够在同一框架下轻量化地解决多种属性的决策问题。

	高效：LightZero 针对 MCTS 族算法中耗时最长的环节，采用混合异构计算编程提高计算效率。

	易懂：LightZero 为所有集成的算法提供了详细文档和算法框架图，帮助用户理解算法内核，在同一范式下比较算法之间的异同。同时，LightZero 也为算法的代码实现提供了函数调用图和网络结构图，便于用户定位关键代码。

	### 框架结构

	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/lightzero_pipeline.svg" alt="Image Description 2" width="50%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>

	上图是 LightZero 的框架流程图。我们在下面简介其中的3个核心模块:

	Model:
	``Model`` 用于定义网络结构，包含``__init__``函数用于初始化网络结构，和``forward``函数用于计算网络的前向传播。

	Policy:
	``Policy`` 定义了对网络的更新方式和与环境交互的方式，包括三个过程，分别是训练过程（learn）、采样过程（collect）和评估过程（evaluate）。

	MCTS:

	``MCTS`` 定义了蒙特卡洛搜索树的结构和与``Policy``的交互方式。``MCTS``的实现包括 python 和 cpp 两种，分别在``ptree``和``ctree``中实现。

	关于 LightZero 的文件结构，请参考 [lightzero_file_structure](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/lightzero_file_structure.svg)。

	### 集成算法
	LightZero 是基于 [PyTorch](https://pytorch.org/) 实现的 MCTS 算法库，在 MCTS 的实现中也用到了 cython 和 cpp。同时，LightZero 的框架主要基于 [DI-engine](https://github.com/opendilab/DI-engine) 实现。目前 LightZero 中集成的算法包括：
	- [AlphaZero](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aar6404)
	- [MuZero](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08265)
	- [Sampled MuZero](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06303)
	- [Stochastic MuZero](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=X6D9bAHhBQ1)
	- [EfficientZero](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.00210)
	- [Gumbel MuZero](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=bERaNdoegnO&)


	LightZero 目前支持的环境及算法如下表所示：

	\| Env./Algo. \| AlphaZero \| MuZero \| EfficientZero \| Sampled EfficientZero \| Gumbel MuZero \| Stochastic MuZero \|
	\|---------------\| --------- \| ------ \|-------------\| ------------------ \| ---------- \|----------------\|
	\| TicTacToe \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| ✔ \| 🔒 \|
	\| Gomoku \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| ✔ \| 🔒 \|
	\| Connect4 \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \|
	\| 2048 \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| ✔ \|
	\| Chess \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \|
	\| Go \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \|
	\| CartPole \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \|
	\| Pendulum \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \|
	\| LunarLander \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \|
	\| BipedalWalker \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \|
	\| Atari \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \|
	\| MuJoCo \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \|
	\| MiniGrid \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \|
	\| Bsuite \| --- \| ✔ \| ✔ \| ✔ \| 🔒 \| 🔒 \|

	<sup>(1): "✔" 表示对应的项目已经完成并经过良好的测试。</sup>

	<sup>(2): "🔒" 表示对应的项目在等待列表中（正在进行中）。</sup>

	<sup>(3): "---" 表示该算法不支持此环境。</sup>

	## 安装方法

	可以用以下命令从 Github 的源码中安装最新版的 LightZero：

	```bash
	git clone https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero.git
	cd LightZero
	pip3 install -e .
	```

	请注意，LightZero 目前仅支持在 `Linux` 和 `macOS` 平台上进行编译。
	我们正在积极将该支持扩展到 `Windows` 平台。

	### 使用 Docker 进行安装

	我们也提供了一个Dockerfile，用于设置包含运行 LightZero 库所需所有依赖项的环境。此 Docker 镜像基于 Ubuntu 20.04，并安装了Python 3.8以及其他必要的工具和库。
	以下是如何使用我们的 Dockerfile 来构建 Docker 镜像，从该镜像运行一个容器，并在容器内执行 LightZero 代码的步骤。

	1. 下载 Dockerfile：Dockerfile 位于 LightZero 仓库的根目录中。将此[文件](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/Dockerfile)下载到您的本地机器。

	2. 准备构建上下文：在您的本地机器上创建一个新的空目录，将 Dockerfile 移动到此目录，并导航到此目录。这一步有助于在构建过程中避免向 Docker 守护进程发送不必要的文件。
	```bash
	mkdir lightzero-docker
	mv Dockerfile lightzero-docker/
	cd lightzero-docker/
	```
	3. 构建 Docker 镜像：使用以下命令构建 Docker 镜像。此命令应在包含 Dockerfile 的目录内运行。
	```bash
	docker build -t ubuntu-py38-lz:latest -f ./Dockerfile .
	```
	4. 从镜像运行容器：使用以下命令以交互模式启动一个 Bash shell 的容器。
	```bash
	docker run -dit --rm ubuntu-py38-lz:latest /bin/bash
	```
	5. 在容器内执行 LightZero 代码：一旦你在容器内部，你可以使用以下命令运行示例 Python 脚本：
	```bash
	python ./LightZero/zoo/classic_control/cartpole/config/cartpole_muzero_config.py
	```

	## 快速开始
	使用如下代码在 [CartPole](https://gymnasium.farama.org/environments/classic_control/cart_pole/) 环境上快速训练一个 MuZero 智能体:

	```bash
	cd LightZero
	python3 -u zoo/classic_control/cartpole/config/cartpole_muzero_config.py
	```

	使用如下代码在 [Pong](https://gymnasium.farama.org/environments/atari/pong/) 环境上快速训练一个 MuZero 智能体：

	```bash
	cd LightZero
	python3 -u zoo/atari/config/atari_muzero_config.py
	```

	使用如下代码在 [TicTacToe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic-tac-toe) 环境上快速训练一个 MuZero 智能体：

	```bash
	cd LightZero
	python3 -u zoo/board_games/tictactoe/config/tictactoe_muzero_bot_mode_config.py
	```

	## 基线算法比较

	<details open><summary>点击折叠</summary>

	- [AlphaZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/alphazero.py) 和 [MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/muzero.py) 在3个棋类游戏（[TicTacToe (井字棋)](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/board_games/tictactoe/envs/tictactoe_env.py)，[Connect4](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/board_games/connect4/envs/connect4_env.py) 和 [Gomoku (五子棋)](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/board_games/gomoku/envs/gomoku_env.py)）上的基线结果：
	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/tictactoe_bot-mode_main.png" alt="tictactoe_bot-mode_main" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/connect4_bot-mode_main.png" alt="connect4_bot-mode_main" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/gomoku_bot-mode_main.png" alt="gomoku_bot-mode_main" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>

	- [MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/muzero.py)，[MuZero w/ SSL](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/muzero.py)，[EfficientZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/efficientzero.py) 和 [Sampled EfficientZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/sampled_efficientzero.py) 在3个代表性的 [Atari](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/atari/envs/atari_lightzero_env.py) 离散动作空间环境上的基线结果：
	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/pong_main.png" alt="pong_main" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/qbert_main.png" alt="qbert_main" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/mspacman_main.png" alt="mspacman_main" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/ablation/mspacman_sez_K.png" alt="mspacman_sez_K" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>

	- [Sampled EfficientZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/sampled_efficientzero.py)（包括 ``Factored/Gaussian`` 2种策略表征方法）在5个连续动作空间环境（[Pendulum-v1](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/classic_control/pendulum/envs/pendulum_lightzero_env.py)，[LunarLanderContinuous-v2](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/box2d/lunarlander/envs/lunarlander_env.py)，[BipedalWalker-v3](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/box2d/bipedalwalker/envs/bipedalwalker_env.py)，[Hopper-v3](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/mujoco/envs/mujoco_lightzero_env.py) 和 [Walker2d-v3](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/mujoco/envs/mujoco_lightzero_env.py)）上的基线结果：
	> 其中 ``Factored Policy`` 表示智能体学习一个输出离散分布的策略网络，上述5种环境手动离散化后的动作空间维度分别为11、49（7^2）、256（4^4)、64 (4^3) 和 4096 (4^6)。``Gaussian Policy``表示智能体学习一个策略网络，该网络直接输出高斯分布的参数 μ 和 σ。

	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/pendulum_main.png" alt="pendulum_main" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/ablation/pendulum_sez_K.png" alt="pendulum_sez_K" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/lunarlander_main.png" alt="lunarlander_main" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>
	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/bipedalwalker_main.png" alt="bipedalwalker_main" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/hopper_main.png" alt="hopper_main" width="31.5%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/walker2d_main.png" alt="walker2d_main" width="31.5%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>

	- [Gumbel MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/gumbel_muzero.py) 和 [MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/muzero.py) 在不同模拟次数下，在四个环境（[PongNoFrameskip-v4](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/atari/envs/atari_lightzero_env.py), [MsPacmanNoFrameskip-v4]((https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/atari/envs/atari_lightzero_env.py)), [Gomoku](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/board_games/gomoku/envs/gomoku_env.py) 和 [LunarLanderContinuous-v2](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/box2d/lunarlander/envs/lunarlander_env.py)）上的基线结果：
	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/ablation/pong_gmz_ns.png" alt="pong_gmz_ns" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/ablation/mspacman_gmz_ns.png" alt="mspacman_gmz_ns" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/ablation/gomoku_bot-mode_gmz_ns.png" alt="gomoku_bot-mode_gmz_ns" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/ablation/lunarlander_gmz_ns.png" alt="lunarlander_gmz_ns" width="23%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>

	- [Stochastic MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/stochastic_muzero.py) 和 [MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/muzero.py) 在具有不同随机性程度的[2048环境](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/game_2048/envs/game_2048_env.py) (num_chances=2/5) 上的基线结果：
	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/2048/2048_stochasticmz_mz.png" alt="2048_stochasticmz_mz" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/2048/2048_stochasticmz_mz_nc5.png" alt="mspacman_gmz_ns" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>

	- 结合不同的探索机制的 [MuZero w/ SSL](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/lzero/policy/muzero.py) 在 [MiniGrid 环境](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/zoo/minigrid/envs/minigrid_lightzero_env.py)上的基线结果：
	<p align="center">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/minigrid/keycorridors3r3_exploration.png" alt="keycorridors3r3_exploration" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	<img src="assets/benchmark/main/minigrid/fourrooms_exploration.png" alt="fourrooms_exploration" width="30%" height="auto" style="margin: 0 1%;">
	</p>

	</details>

	## MCTS 相关笔记

	### 论文笔记

	以下是 LightZero 中集成算法的中文详细文档：

	<details open><summary>点击折叠</summary>

	[AlphaZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/paper_notes/AlphaZero.pdf)

	[MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/paper_notes/MuZero.pdf)

	[EfficientZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/paper_notes/EfficientZero.pdf)

	[SampledMuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/paper_notes/SampledMuZero.pdf)

	[GumbelMuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/paper_notes/GumbelMuZero.pdf)

	[StochasticMuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/paper_notes/StochasticMuZero.pdf)

	[算法概览图符号表](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/paper_notes/NotationTable.pdf)

	</details>

	### 算法框架图

	以下是 LightZero 中集成算法的框架概览图：

	<details closed>
	<summary>(点击查看更多)</summary>

	[MCTS](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/algo_overview/mcts_overview.pdf)

	[AlphaZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/algo_overview/alphazero_overview.pdf)

	[MuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/algo_overview/muzero_overview.pdf)

	[EfficientZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/algo_overview/efficientzero_overview.pdf)

	[SampledMuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/algo_overview/sampled_muzero_overview.pdf)

	[GumbelMuZero](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/blob/main/assets/algo_overview/gumbel_muzero_overview.pdf)

	</details>

	## MCTS 相关论文

	以下是关于 MCTS 相关的论文集合，[这一部分](#MCTS-相关论文) 将会持续更新，追踪 MCTS 的前沿动态。

	### 重要论文

	<details closed>
	<summary>(点击查看更多)</summary>

	#### LightZero Implemented series

	- [2018 _Science_ AlphaZero: A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aar6404)
	- [2019 MuZero: Mastering Atari, Go, Chess and Shogi by Planning with a Learned Model](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.08265)
	- [2021 EfficientZero: Mastering Atari Games with Limited Data](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.00210)
	- [2021 Sampled MuZero: Learning and Planning in Complex Action Spaces](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06303)
	- [2022 Stochastic MuZero: Plannig in Stochastic Environments with A Learned Model](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=X6D9bAHhBQ1)
	- [2022 Gumbel MuZero: Policy Improvement by Planning with Gumbel](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=bERaNdoegnO&)


	#### AlphaGo series

	- [2015 _Nature_ AlphaGo Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16961)
	- [2017 _Nature_ AlphaGo Zero Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge](https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24270)
	- [2019 ELF OpenGo: An Analysis and Open Reimplementation of AlphaZero](https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.04522)
	- [Code](https://github.com/pytorch/ELF)
	- [2023 Student of Games: A unified learning algorithm for both perfect and imperfect information games](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg3256)

	#### MuZero series
	- [2022 Online and Offline Reinforcement Learning by Planning with a Learned Model](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06294)
	- [2021 Vector Quantized Models for Planning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04615)
	- [2021 Muesli: Combining Improvements in Policy Optimization. ](https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06159)

	#### MCTS Analysis
	- [2020 Monte-Carlo Tree Search as Regularized Policy Optimization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.12509)
	- [2021 Self-Consistent Models and Values](https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.12840)
	- [2022 Adversarial Policies Beat Professional-Level Go AIs](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.00241)
	- [2022 _PNAS_ Acquisition of Chess Knowledge in AlphaZero.](https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.09259)

	#### MCTS Application
	- [2023 Symbolic Physics Learner: Discovering governing equations via Monte Carlo tree search](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=ZTK3SefE8_Z)
	- [2022 _Nature_ Discovering faster matrix multiplication algorithms with reinforcement learning](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05172-4)
	- [Code](https://github.com/deepmind/alphatensor)
	- [2022 MuZero with Self-competition for Rate Control in VP9 Video Compression](https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.06626)
	- [2021 DouZero: Mastering DouDizhu with Self-Play Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.06135)
	- [2019 Combining Planning and Deep Reinforcement Learning in Tactical Decision Making for Autonomous Driving](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.02680.pdf)

	</details>

	### 其他论文

	<details closed>
	<summary>(点击查看更多)</summary>

	#### ICML
	- [Scalable Safe Policy Improvement via Monte Carlo Tree Search](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=tevbBSzSfK) 2023
	- Alberto Castellini, Federico Bianchi, Edoardo Zorzi, Thiago D. Simão, Alessandro Farinelli, Matthijs T. J. Spaan
	- Key: safe policy improvement online using a MCTS based strategy, Safe Policy Improvement with Baseline Bootstrapping
	- ExpEnv: Gridworld and SysAdmin
	- [Efficient Learning for AlphaZero via Path Consistency](https://proceedings.mlr.press/v162/zhao22h/zhao22h.pdf) 2022
	- Dengwei Zhao, Shikui Tu, Lei Xu
	- Key: limited amount of self-plays, path consistency (PC) optimality
	- ExpEnv: Go, Othello, Gomoku
	- [Visualizing MuZero Models](https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.12924) 2021
	- Joery A. de Vries, Ken S. Voskuil, Thomas M. Moerland, Aske Plaat
	- Key: visualizing the value equivalent dynamics model, action trajectories diverge, two regularization techniques
	- ExpEnv: CartPole and MountainCar.
	and internal state transition dynamics,
	- [Convex Regularization in Monte-Carlo Tree Search](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.00391.pdf) 2021
	- Tuan Dam, Carlo D'Eramo, Jan Peters, Joni Pajarinen
	- Key: entropy-regularization backup operators, regret analysis, Tsallis etropy,
	- ExpEnv: synthetic tree, Atari
	- [Information Particle Filter Tree: An Online Algorithm for POMDPs with Belief-Based Rewards on Continuous Domains](http://proceedings.mlr.press/v119/fischer20a/fischer20a.pdf) 2020
	- Johannes Fischer, Ömer Sahin Tas
	- Key: Continuous POMDP, Particle Filter Tree, information-based reward shaping, Information Gathering.
	- ExpEnv: POMDPs.jl framework
	- [Code](https://github.com/johannes-fischer/icml2020_ipft)
	- [Retro: Learning Retrosynthetic Planning with Neural Guided A Search](http://proceedings.mlr.press/v119/chen20k/chen20k.pdf) 2020
	- Binghong Chen, Chengtao Li, Hanjun Dai, Le Song
	- Key: chemical retrosynthetic planning, neural-based A*-like algorithm, ANDOR tree
	- ExpEnv: USPTO datasets
	- [Code](https://github.com/binghong-ml/retro_star)
	#### ICLR
	- [Become a Proficient Player with Limited Data through Watching Pure Videos](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=Sy-o2N0hF4f) 2023
	- Weirui Ye, Yunsheng Zhang, Pieter Abbeel, Yang Gao
	- Key: pre-training from action-free videos, forward-inverse cycle consistency (FICC) objective based on vector quantization, pre-training phase, fine-tuning phase.
	- ExpEnv: Atari
	- [Policy-Based Self-Competition for Planning Problems](https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.04403) 2023
	- Jonathan Pirnay, Quirin Göttl, Jakob Burger, Dominik Gerhard Grimm
	- Key: self-competition, find strong trajectories by planning against possible strategies of its past self.
	- ExpEnv: Traveling Salesman Problem and the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem.
	- [Explaining Temporal Graph Models through an Explorer-Navigator Framework](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=BR_ZhvcYbGJ) 2023
	- Wenwen Xia, Mincai Lai, Caihua Shan, Yao Zhang, Xinnan Dai, Xiang Li, Dongsheng Li
	- Key: Temporal GNN Explainer, an explorer to find the event subsets with MCTS, a navigator that learns the correlations between events and helps reduce the search space.
	- ExpEnv: Wikipedia and Reddit, Synthetic datasets
	- [SpeedyZero: Mastering Atari with Limited Data and Time](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=Mg5CLXZgvLJ) 2023
	- Yixuan Mei, Jiaxuan Gao, Weirui Ye, Shaohuai Liu, Yang Gao, Yi Wu
	- Key: distributed RL system, Priority Refresh, Clipped LARS
	- ExpEnv: Atari
	- [Efficient Offline Policy Optimization with a Learned Model](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=Yt-yM-JbYFO) 2023
	- Zichen Liu, Siyi Li, Wee Sun Lee, Shuicheng YAN, Zhongwen Xu
	- Key: Regularized One-Step Model-based algorithm for Offline-RL
	- ExpEnv: Atari，BSuite
	- [Code](https://github.com/sail-sg/rosmo/tree/main)
	- [Enabling Arbitrary Translation Objectives with Adaptive Tree Search](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.11444.pdf) 2022
	- Wang Ling, Wojciech Stokowiec, Domenic Donato, Chris Dyer, Lei Yu, Laurent Sartran, Austin Matthews
	- Key: adaptive tree search, translation models, autoregressive models,
	- ExpEnv: Chinese–English and Pashto–English tasks from WMT2020, German–English from WMT2014
	- [What's Wrong with Deep Learning in Tree Search for Combinatorial Optimization](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10494) 2022
	- Maximili1an Böther, Otto Kißig, Martin Taraz, Sarel Cohen, Karen Seidel, Tobias Friedrich
	- Key: Combinatorial optimization, open-source benchmark suite for the NP-hard MAXIMUM INDEPENDENT SET problem, an in-depth analysis of the popular guided tree search algorithm, compare the tree search implementations to other solvers
	- ExpEnv: NP-hard MAXIMUM INDEPENDENT SET.
	- [Code](https://github.com/maxiboether/mis-benchmark-framework)
	- [Monte-Carlo Planning and Learning with Language Action Value Estimates](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=7_G8JySGecm) 2021
	- Youngsoo Jang, Seokin Seo, Jongmin Lee, Kee-Eung Kim
	- Key: Monte-Carlo tree search with language-driven exploration, locally optimistic language value estimates,
	- ExpEnv: Interactive Fiction (IF) games
	- [Practical Massively Parallel Monte-Carlo Tree Search Applied to Molecular Design](https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10504) 2021
	- Xiufeng Yang, Tanuj Kr Aasawat, Kazuki Yoshizoe
	- Key: massively parallel Monte-Carlo Tree Search, molecular design, Hash-driven parallel search,
	- ExpEnv: octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) penalized by the synthetic accessibility (SA) and large Ring Penalty score.
	- [Watch the Unobserved: A Simple Approach to Parallelizing Monte Carlo Tree Search](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11755.pdf) 2020
	- Anji Liu, Jianshu Chen, Mingze Yu, Yu Zhai, Xuewen Zhou, Ji Liu
	- Key: parallel Monte-Carlo Tree Search, partition the tree into sub-trees efficiently, compare the observation ratio of each processor
	- ExpEnv: speedup and performance comparison on JOY-CITY game, average episode return on atari game
	- [Code](https://github.com/liuanji/WU-UCT)
	- [Learning to Plan in High Dimensions via Neural Exploration-Exploitation Trees](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=rJgJDAVKvB) 2020
	- Binghong Chen, Bo Dai, Qinjie Lin, Guo Ye, Han Liu, Le Song
	- Key: meta path planning algorithm, exploits a novel neural architecture which can learn promising search directions from problem structures.
	- ExpEnv: a 2d workspace with a 2 DoF (degrees of freedom) point robot, a 3 DoF stick robot and a 5 DoF snake robot
	#### NeurIPS

	- [LightZero: A Unified Benchmark for Monte Carlo Tree Search in General Sequential Decision Scenarios](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=oIUXpBnyjv) 2023
	- Yazhe Niu, Yuan Pu, Zhenjie Yang, Xueyan Li, Tong Zhou, Jiyuan Ren, Shuai Hu, Hongsheng Li, Yu Liu
	- Key: the first unified benchmark for deploying MCTS/MuZero in general sequential decision scenarios.
	- ExpEnv: ClassicControl, Box2D, Atari, MuJoCo, GoBigger, MiniGrid, TicTacToe, ConnectFour, Gomoku, 2048, etc.
	- [Large Language Models as Commonsense Knowledge for Large-Scale Task Planning](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=Wjp1AYB8lH) 2023
	- Zirui Zhao, Wee Sun Lee, David Hsu
	- Key: world model (LLM) and the LLM-induced policy can be combined in MCTS, to scale up task planning.
	- ExpEnv: multiplication, travel planning, object rearrangement
	- [Monte Carlo Tree Search with Boltzmann Exploration](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=NG4DaApavi) 2023
	- Michael Painter, Mohamed Baioumy, Nick Hawes, Bruno Lacerda
	- Key: Boltzmann exploration with MCTS, optimal actions for the maximum entropy objective do not necessarily correspond to optimal actions for the original objective, two improved algorithms.
	- ExpEnv: the Frozen Lake environment, the Sailing Problem, Go
	- [Generalized Weighted Path Consistency for Mastering Atari Games](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=vHRLS8HhK1) 2023
	- Dengwei Zhao, Shikui Tu, Lei Xu
	- Key: Generalized Weighted Path Consistency, A weighting mechanism.
	- ExpEnv: Atari
	- [Accelerating Monte Carlo Tree Search with Probability Tree State Abstraction](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=0zeLTZAqaJ) 2023
	- Yangqing Fu, Ming Sun, Buqing Nie, Yue Gao
	- Key: probability tree state abstraction, transitivity and aggregation error bound
	- ExpEnv: Atari, CartPole, LunarLander, Gomoku
	- [Planning for Sample Efficient Imitation Learning](https://openreview.net/forum?id=BkN5UoAqF7) 2022
	- Zhao-Heng Yin, Weirui Ye, Qifeng Chen, Yang Gao
	- Key: Behavioral Cloning，Adversarial Imitation Learning (AIL)，MCTS-based RL，
	- ExpEnv: DeepMind Control Suite
	- [Code](https://github.com/zhaohengyin/EfficientImitate)
	- [Evaluation Beyond Task Performance: Analyzing Concepts in AlphaZero in Hex](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=dwKwB2Cd-Km) 2022
	- Charles Lovering, Jessica Zosa Forde, George Konidaris, Ellie Pavlick, Michael L. Littman
	- Key: AlphaZero’s internal representations, model probing and behavioral tests, how these concepts are captured in the network.
	- ExpEnv: Hex
	- [Are AlphaZero-like Agents Robust to Adversarial Perturbations?](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=yZ_JlZaOCzv) 2022
	- Li-Cheng Lan, Huan Zhang, Ti-Rong Wu, Meng-Yu Tsai, I-Chen Wu, 4 Cho-Jui Hsieh
	- Key: adversarial states, first adversarial attack on Go AIs
	- ExpEnv: Go
	- [Monte Carlo Tree Descent for Black-Box Optimization](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=FzdmrTUyZ4g) 2022
	- Yaoguang Zhai, Sicun Gao
	- Key: Black-Box Optimization, how to further integrate samplebased descent for faster optimization.
	- ExpEnv: synthetic functions for nonlinear optimization, reinforcement learning problems in MuJoCo locomotion environments, and optimization problems in Neural Architecture Search (NAS).
	- [Monte Carlo Tree Search based Variable Selection for High Dimensional Bayesian Optimization](https://openreview.net/pdf?id=SUzPos_pUC) 2022
	- Lei Song∗ , Ke Xue∗ , Xiaobin Huang, Chao Qian
	- Key: a low-dimensional subspace via MCTS, optimizes in the subspace with any Bayesian optimization algorithm.
	- ExpEnv: NAS-bench problems and MuJoCo locomotion
	- [Monte Carlo Tree Search With Iteratively Refining State Abstractions](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2021/file/9b0ead00a217ea2c12e06a72eec4923f-Paper.pdf) 2021
	- Samuel Sokota, Caleb Ho, Zaheen Ahmad, J. Zico Kolter
	- Key: stochastic environments, Progressive widening, abstraction refining,
	- ExpEnv: Blackjack, Trap, five by five Go.
	- [Deep Synoptic Monte Carlo Planning in Reconnaissance Blind Chess](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2021/file/215a71a12769b056c3c32e7299f1c5ed-Paper.pdf) 2021
	- Gregory Clark
	- Key: imperfect information, belief state with an unweighted particle filter, a novel stochastic abstraction of information states.
	- ExpEnv: reconnaissance blind chess
	- [POLY-HOOT: Monte-Carlo Planning in Continuous Space MDPs with Non-Asymptotic Analysis](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/file/30de24287a6d8f07b37c716ad51623a7-Paper.pdf) 2020
	- Weichao Mao, Kaiqing Zhang, Qiaomin Xie, Tamer Ba¸sar
	- Key: continuous state-action spaces, Hierarchical Optimistic Optimization,
	- ExpEnv: CartPole, Inverted Pendulum, Swing-up, and LunarLander.
	- [Learning Search Space Partition for Black-box Optimization using Monte Carlo Tree Search](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/file/e2ce14e81dba66dbff9cbc35ecfdb704-Paper.pdf) 2020
	- Linnan Wang, Rodrigo Fonseca, Yuandong Tian
	- Key: learns the partition of the search space using a few samples, a nonlinear decision boundary and learns a local model to pick good candidates.
	- ExpEnv: MuJoCo locomotion tasks, Small-scale Benchmarks,
	- [Mix and Match: An Optimistic Tree-Search Approach for Learning Models from Mixture Distributions](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10154) 2020
	- Matthew Faw, Rajat Sen, Karthikeyan Shanmugam, Constantine Caramanis, Sanjay Shakkottai
	- Key: covariate shift problem, Mix&Match combines stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with optimistic tree search and model re-use (evolving partially trained models with samples from different mixture distributions)
	- [Code](https://github.com/matthewfaw/mixnmatch)

	#### Other Conference or Journal
	- [On Monte Carlo Tree Search and Reinforcement Learning](https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/11099/26289/20632) Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 2017.
	- [Sample-Efficient Neural Architecture Search by Learning Actions for Monte Carlo Tree Search](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.06832) IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2022.
	</details>

	## 反馈意见和贡献
	- 有任何疑问或意见都可以在 github 上直接 [提出 issue](https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/issues/new/choose)
	- 或者联系我们的邮箱 (opendilab@pjlab.org.cn)

	- 感谢所有的反馈意见，包括对算法和系统设计。这些反馈意见和建议都会让 LightZero 变得更好。


	## 引用

	```latex
	@misc{lightzero,
	title={LightZero: A Unified Benchmark for Monte Carlo Tree Search in General Sequential Decision Scenarios},
	author={Yazhe Niu and Yuan Pu and Zhenjie Yang and Xueyan Li and Tong Zhou and Jiyuan Ren and Shuai Hu and Hongsheng Li and Yu Liu},
	year={2023},
	eprint={2310.08348},
	archivePrefix={arXiv},
	primaryClass={cs.LG}
	}
	```

	## 致谢
	此算法库的实现部分基于以下 GitHub 仓库，非常感谢这些开创性工作：
	- https://github.com/opendilab/DI-engine
	- https://github.com/deepmind/mctx
	- https://github.com/YeWR/EfficientZero
	- https://github.com/werner-duvaud/muzero-general

	特别感谢以下贡献者 [@PaParaZz1](https://github.com/PaParaZz1), [@karroyan](https://github.com/karroyan), [@nighood](https://github.com/nighood),
	[@jayyoung0802](https://github.com/jayyoung0802), [@timothijoe](https://github.com/timothijoe), [@TuTuHuss](https://github.com/TuTuHuss), [@HarryXuancy](https://github.com/HarryXuancy), [@puyuan1996](https://github.com/puyuan1996), [@HansBug](https://github.com/HansBug) 对本项目的贡献和支持。

	感谢所有为此项目做出贡献的人：
	<a href="https://github.com/opendilab/LightZero/graphs/contributors">
	<img src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=opendilab/LightZero" />
	</a>

	## 许可证

	本仓库中的所有代码都符合 [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)。

	<p align="right">(<a href="#top">回到顶部</a>)</p>