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please help me with this:Prob 10-1 Compute the annual interest payments and principal amount for a Treasury Inflation-Protected Security with a par value of $1,000 Answer in the green shaded cells below and a 3 percent interest rate if inflation is 4 percent in year one, 5 percent in year two, and 6 percent in year three. Year Inflation Par Value Annual Coupon Interest 1 2 3 Prob 10-2 Judy Johnson is choosing between investing in two Treasury securities that mature in five years and have par values of$1,000. One is a Treasury note paying an annual coupon of 5.06 percent. The other is a TIPS which pays 3 percent interest annually. a. If inflation remains constant at 2 percent annually over the next five years, what will be Judy’s annual interest income from the TIPS bond? From the Treasury note? Year Par Value "Treasury Note Annual Coupon Interest" Inflation Par Value "TIPS Annual Coupon Interest" 1 2 3 4 5 Totals $-$- $- b. How much interest will Judy receive over the five years from the Treasury note? From the TIPS? Interest received from Treasury Note Interest received from TIPS c. When each bond matures, what par value will Judy receive from the Treasury note? The TIPS? Par value from Treasury note Par value from TIPS d. After five years, what is Judy’s total income (interest par) from each bond? Total income from Treasury note Total income from TIPS Should she use this total as a way of deciding which bond to purchase? Prob 10-26 Mercier Corporation’s stock is selling for$95. It has just paid a dividend of $5 a share. The expected growth rate in dividends is 8 percent. a. What is the required rate of return on this stock? Required rate of return b. Using your answer to (a), suppose Mercier announces developments that should lead to dividend increases of 10 percent annually. What will be the new value of Mercier’s stock? New value of Mercier stock c. Again using your answer to (a), suppose developments occur that leave investors expecting that dividends will not change from their current levels in the foreseeable future. Now what will be the value of Mercier stock? New value of Mercier stock d. From your answers to (b) and (c), how important are investors’ expectations of future dividend growth to the current stock price? ## Answers (7) • The principal amount moves with inflation or deflation. The corresponding interest payments are then based off the principal amounts. Par Value :$1000 interest rate = .03 Year One) $1000 x 1.04 =$1040 x .03 = $31.20 Year Two)$1000 x 1.05= $1050 x .03 =$31.50 Year Three) $1000 x 1.06 =$1060 x .03 = $31.80 Comments • Anonymous commented How do you come up with the 1.04, etc in this problem and what would it be for 5 years. This one is on tips but what about the treasury note? can you show me the steps? • THIS WILL BE HELPFUL FOR YOU PLEASE RATE ME LIFESAVER (a) R = next div / stock price + Growth rate, = [ 5 (1 + 0.08) ]/ 95 + 0.08 = 0.1368 = 13.7% (b) Price = Next div / (R - G) = 5.4 / (0.137 - 0.1) =$146.73 (c) dividends will not change,i.e zero growth ? Price = Next div / R = 5 /0.137 = $36.5 • a. R = next div / stock price + Growth rate, or R = 5.40 / 95 + 8% = 13.7% b. Price = Next div / R - G, or 5.50 / (13.7 - 10.0) = 148.65 c. With a Constant Div, zero growth, Price = Next div / R So Price = 5 /13.7% = 36.50 • (a) R = next div / stock price + Growth rate, = [ 5 (1 + 0.08) ]/ 95 + 0.08 = 0.1368 = 13.7% (b) Price = Next div / (R - G) = 5.4 / (0.137 - 0.1) =$146.73 (c) dividends will not change,i.e zero growth ? Price = Next div / R = 5 /0.137 = \$36.5 • www.cs.umb.edu/~eb/qrbook/qrbook.pdf coe-dmha.org/Media/Disaster_Response_Principals.pdf • www.cs.umb.edu/~eb/qrbook/qrbook.pdf coe-dmha.org/Media/Disaster_Response_Principals.pdf

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# How to fit multiple curves to histogram subpopulations? 19 vues (au cours des 30 derniers jours) Matthew ODonohue le 10 Fév 2022 Modifié(e) : AndresVar le 11 Fév 2022 Hello, I will be as succint as possible. I have a histogram and would like to fit two seperate curves to the distribution, representing the two subpopulations in the distribution. Essentially I would like to do this (red lines I drew): How can I do this? Note that these arent two seperate histograms, but rather a single histogram. My code for this histogram is here: %% figure; d1=histogram(dG_TfR_100, [0: .3: 25], 'Normalization' ,'probability'); %range of current drops ylabel('normalized event count') I have also attached the variable dG_TfR_100 as an excel sheet in case it is needed. Please let me know if there is any additional information you need. Thank you. ##### 0 commentairesAfficher -2 commentaires plus anciensMasquer -2 commentaires plus anciens Connectez-vous pour commenter. ### Réponses (1) AndresVar le 11 Fév 2022 Modifié(e) : AndresVar le 11 Fév 2022 You could fit a distribution to the histrogram using histfit or fitdist, then identify the number of modes or peaks, N. Then fit the distribution with the sum of N distributions, with carefully selected parameters: Curve Fitting - MATLAB & Simulink (mathworks.com) to fit your choice of components You can try this method that fits gaussian mixture model, it works like a k-means clustering: Browse file exchange for helpful functions: Here is a gaussian decomposition paper ##### 0 commentairesAfficher -2 commentaires plus anciensMasquer -2 commentaires plus anciens Connectez-vous pour commenter. ### Catégories En savoir plus sur Half-Normal Distribution dans Help Center et File Exchange R2019a ### Community Treasure Hunt Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you! Start Hunting! Translated by

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# Fraction Number Lines, Visual Models, Equivalent Fraction Number Puzzles Subject Resource Type Common Core Standards Product Rating File Type PDF (Acrobat) Document File 8 MB|93 pages Share Also included in: 1. This Number Puzzles BUNDLE is a set of all number puzzles for third grade and includes puzzles for all domains. The puzzles have been great of math stations or early finishers and reinforce a variety of models and strategies for third grade math concepts.★ Save 20% by purchasing the bundle. ★Includ \$66.35 \$46.44 Save \$19.91 Product Description Help students understand fraction relationship both with a fraction in number form and with fraction visual models. There are a variety of number puzzles in this product that reinforce equal parts, fractions on a number line, equivalent fractions, and comparing fractions. This covers all the Number & Operations Fractions Standards for third grade. Included are puzzles for: ✔ Partitioned Parts ✔ Place a Fraction on a Number Line ✔ Create a Fraction Number Line ✔ Equivalent Fractions with Numbers & Visual Models ✔ Compare Fractions with Numbers & Visual Models ★ Save 20% by purchasing the BUNDLE of Third Grade Number Puzzles. ★ Simple print each puzzle piece on colored paper, laminate for durability, and cut apart. I encourage students to use whiteboard markers on some pieces. If laminated, the whiteboard marker ink wipes off easily. Also available is a second grade Fraction Number Puzzles that compliments this product. OA1 - Interpret Multiplication OA2 - Interpret Division OA3 - Multiplication & Division Word Problems OA4 - Determine Unknown Numbers for Multiplication and Division Equations OA5 - Apply Properties of Operations - Multiplication & Division OA7 - Relationship Between Multiplication & Division OA8 - Two-Step Word Problems NBT1 - Rounding to the Nearest 10 & 100 NBT2 - Three-Digit Subtraction (same for second grade) NBT3 - Multiply by Multiples of 10 NF 1-3 - Fraction Number Lines, Visual Models & Compare Fractions Number Puzzles MD1 - Time to the One Minute & Interval Word Problems Number Puzzles MD 5-8 - Area & Perimeter ___________________________________________________________________________ You might also like: • Mathematical Practices Partner and Group Discussion Cards ___________________________________________________________________________ Connect with What I Have Learned Be the first to know about my new discounts, freebies and product launches: Look for the green star near the top of any page within my store and click it to become a follower. You will now receive customized email updates about this store. Total Pages 93 pages N/A Teaching Duration N/A Report this Resource \$5.39

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"reflect" vs "reflection on" or "reflection of" The bride's elegant dress reflected her good taste. The bride's elegant dress is a reflection on her good taste. The bride's elegant dress is a reflection of her good taste. Would you tell me if they mean the same thing? If they would mean the same thing, what about the following question--link--? or I mean how could we distinguish such a distinction between these functions? A student's grades reflected her teacher A student's grades are a reflection on her teacher A student's grade are a reflection of her teacher When, where or in which situation don't they mean the same? How can we distinguish such a distinction? • It looks easy but has great subtlety. +1 :) Sep 17, 2014 at 7:22 The bride's elegant dress reflected her good taste. Here, we can see her good taste in her choice of dress. Her good taste is the cause of her choice of dress. Because she has good taste, she chose this dress. The bride's elegant dress is a reflection on her good taste. Here, her good taste gets augmented by her choice of dress. Her good taste is a result of her choice of dress. Because she chose this dress, she has good taste. This does actually seem a strange thing to say. The bride's elegant dress is a reflection of her good taste. This is a perfectly fine was to express the first sentence. Again, the good taste is the cause of her choice of dress. A student's grades reflected her teacher. Because the grades are good, we know her teacher is good -> the teacher caused the good grades. A student's grades are a reflection on her teacher. Because the grades are good, we think of the teacher as a good teacher -> the grades caused the teacher to look good. A student's grade are a reflection of her teacher. Again, the same meaning as the first option -> because the teacher is good, the grades are good. A is a refection of B means that we can explain that A is something (good or bad) because of B. A reflects B means the same thing. A is a reflection on B means that because A is something (good or bad), B will appear to also be that (good or bad). The bride's elegant dress reflected her good taste. The bride's {some adjective} dress is a reflection on her good taste. The bride's elegant dress is a reflection of her good taste. In the second sentence, I would not include "good". The idiom "is a reflection on" normally implies at least the potential for a negative association. For example, if one substitutes "gaudy" as the adjective. But usually the reflection is on a third party. Your (drunken) behavior, deputy, is a reflection on me, the sheriff of Dodge. Students, your behavior is a reflection on this school. At the game this Saturday, I expect there to be no fighting or name-calling. The mass exodus of American city-dwellers into the suburbs in the 1950s was a reflection of the growing popularity of the family automobile. The traffic congestion on suburban roads today is a poor reflection on the regional planners who were responsible for striking a balance between highways and alternative forms of public transportation, such as street-cars and regional rail systems: most of the public funding went towards the building of new roads. • So, considering all that you have taught me, I think we could use them interchangeably, couldn't we? – nima Sep 19, 2014 at 8:26 • I would not use them interchangeably. There is a nuanced difference between "reflection on" and "reflection of". I would use "is a reflection on" in contexts of censure or warning or criticism (including self-criticism), i.e. with behavior that may redound, or has redounded, to the discredit of the party delivering the warning or the censure or the criticism. "Reflection on her good taste" is not idiomatic. `Your not understanding this nuanced difference is a reflection on me: my explanation was not clear enough.` – TimR Sep 19, 2014 at 13:55 • thanks. But, what does"Reflection on her good taste" is not idiomatic imply? – nima Sep 20, 2014 at 9:09 • "not idiomatic" means native speakers would not say it in that way. A native speaker would say "reflection `of` her good taste". Both locutions (reflection of, reflection on) have to do with causality. Her good taste caused her to buy that dress. But "reflection on" is a particular kind of causality, that is, blame. Her bad taste caused her to wear a party dress to a funeral. The party dress was a reflection `on` her taste. – TimR Sep 21, 2014 at 19:19 • You can also think of the distinction between `reflection of` and `reflection on` as the differences between `responsibility` and `blame`. Something or someone can be responsible for good outcomes and bad outcomes. But something or someone can be to blame only for bad outcomes. Her good taste `was responsible for` her choice of a suitable dress. The suitable dress `was a reflection of` her good taste. Her bad taste `was to blame for` her wearing a party dress to a funeral; the party dress `was a reflection on` her taste. – TimR Sep 22, 2014 at 11:41 I would normally take "reflection on" as "somebody's thoughts on/about something" and "reflection of" as a structure implying something is a symptom of something else.

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Request a call back Asked by | 19 Mar, 2013, 04:25: AM Mole is basically a unit. It is the SI unit of amount of substance. It is used for the measurement of very small, microscopic particles such as atoms and molecules. Broadly speaking, it is used to measure the number of particles –whether atoms or molecules present in a given amount of substance. One mole is the amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms present in exactly 12g of 12C isotope off Carbon. It has been found that there are 6.023 X 1023 atoms present in 12 g of 12C isotope of Carbon. 1. One mole of any substance will always contain 6.023 X 1023 particles, no matter what the substance is. Therefore 1 mole of Na atoms contains 6.023 X 1023 atoms of Na, 1 mole of Hydrogen atom contains 6.023 X 1023 atoms of Hydrogen atom, 1 mole of Hydrogen molecule will contain 6.023 X 1023 molecules of Hydrogen molecule (H2), 1 mole of CO2 will contain 6.023 X 1023 molecules of H2O. 2. One mole of any substance is always equal to its molar mass in grams. We know that the molar mass of a substance in grams is always equal to the atomic mass (for atoms) or molecular mass (for molecules). Therefore 1 mole of Na atoms = molar mass of Na atoms = 23 g. 1 mole of H2O molecules = molar mass of H2O molecules = 18.02 g Answered by | 19 Mar, 2013, 05:55: AM ## Application Videos CBSE 9 - Chemistry Asked by mohammedhaqqani.6b | 14 Jun, 2022, 02:51: PM CBSE 9 - Chemistry Asked by gauravsingh36428 | 14 Mar, 2022, 07:44: PM CBSE 9 - Chemistry Asked by jiyajthakor | 28 Feb, 2022, 07:03: PM CBSE 9 - Chemistry Asked by gillsaabjashanpreetsingh3 | 16 Jan, 2022, 01:23: PM CBSE 9 - Chemistry Asked by prachisharma772007 | 16 Jan, 2022, 11:12: AM CBSE 9 - Chemistry Asked by rupasajwan363 | 04 Jan, 2022, 04:17: PM

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11:56 time means 11:56 AM 11:56 is pronounced as: "eleven fifty-six" o’clock 1156 in military time is 11:56 AM in regular time : Converstion Samples ## 24-hour to 12-hour conversion Our "Military time converter" is the perfect tool to convert time from a 24-hour system to a 12-hour system. Try it above. Enter both the "Hours" and the "Minutes" boxs in the form, then click "convert to 12-hour". After that, you can see the result. The 24-hour system (it's called the Military system) is larger than 12:00. And it starts at 00:00 and ends at 23:00. 00:00 means 12:00 midnight, and 23:00 means 11:00 PM. (Note: 24:00 and 00:00 are the same time). ### How was 11:56 converted to 11:56 AM ? 1. Step One: To convert 11:56 (eleven fifty-six) to 12-hour, firstly, we didn't convert the minutes, we leave it. In our case it will be ( :56 fifty-six ). and we just convert the hours. 2. Step Two: If the number of hours on military time (24-hour system) that we need to convert it, is less than 12:00, it will be the same on regular time (12-hour system). In our case, It's 11 (eleven), so it will be 11 and we just add AM. like 11 AM. (11 AM means 11 in the morning). The final result is:11:56 AM ( In words: eleven fifty-six in the night ). Look at the chart below. Military Time (24-hour system) 24-Hour 12-hour 24-Hour 12-hour 00:56 Midnight 12:56 Noon 01:56 1:56 a.m. 13:56 1:56 p.m. 02:56 2:56 a.m. 14:56 2:56 p.m. 03:56 3:56 a.m. 15:56 3:56 p.m. 04:56 4:56 a.m. 16:56 4:56 p.m. 05:56 5:56 a.m. 17:56 5:56 p.m. 06:56 6:56 a.m. 18:56 6:56 p.m. 07:56 7:56 a.m. 19:56 7:56 p.m. 08:56 8:56 a.m. 20:56 8:56 p.m. 09:56 9:56 a.m. 21:56 9:56 p.m. 10:56 10:56 a.m. 22:56 10:56 p.m. 11:56 11:56 a.m. 23:56 11:56 p.m. ### 11:56 Clock in different Time Zone See, The 11:56 time in the other military time zones. Look at the table below. Time Zone UTC offset 12-hour 24-hour Yankee UTC-12 11:56 PM 23:56 X-ray UTC-11 12:56 AM 00:56 Whiskey UTC-10 01:56 AM 01:56 Victor UTC-9 02:56 AM 02:56 Uniform UTC-8 03:56 AM 03:56 Tango UTC-7 04:56 AM 04:56 Sierra UTC-6 05:56 AM 05:56 Romeo UTC-5 06:56 AM 06:56 Quebec UTC-4 07:56 AM 07:56 Papa UTC-3 08:56 AM 08:56 Oscar UTC-2 09:56 AM 09:56 November UTC-1 10:56 AM 10:56 Zulu UTC±0 11:56 AM 11:56 Alpha UTC+1 12:56 PM 12:56 Bravo UTC+2 01:56 PM 13:56 Charlie UTC+3 02:56 PM 14:56 Delta UTC+4 03:56 PM 15:56 Echo UTC+5 04:56 PM 16:56 Foxtrot UTC+6 05:56 PM 17:56 Golf UTC+7 06:56 PM 18:56 Hotel UTC+8 07:56 PM 19:56 India UTC+9 08:56 PM 20:56 Kilo UTC+10 09:56 PM 21:56 Lima UTC+11 10:56 PM 22:56 Mike UTC+12 11:56 PM 23:56

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Mathematics 56 Online OpenStudy (safia21): More geometry help! OpenStudy (safia21): OpenStudy (anonymous): what have you done ? the nine ? OpenStudy (safia21): 9 10 11 12 OpenStudy (anonymous): okay i m french, so TRS means the angle ? ( i ve not the same notation :) ) OpenStudy (anonymous): okay i think so, so : i don't think you can prove the formula, so you must have been told that a circle has a 2*pi*R circumference right ? OpenStudy (safia21): yees OpenStudy (anonymous): 9) is the circumference of all the circle ? OpenStudy (safia21): no the circumfrence of r OpenStudy (anonymous): but it's a point ?? OpenStudy (safia21): sorry but if you dont know its fine! OpenStudy (anonymous): no, that's not it :) a point can't have a circumference :/ OpenStudy (anonymous): it's a term for surface OpenStudy (anonymous): because after that they ask you the area, and with the data you have R must be the circle which center is R OpenStudy (safia21): okay so whats the anwser or how do you do this? OpenStudy (anonymous): the answer is : for an angle of 126° you've 12 pi the angle of the circle is 360 so you've : OpenStudy (anonymous): (it's 40 pi) because if for 126 you've 14 pi, then for 360 you've 360 *14/126 pi OpenStudy (anonymous): do you know this rules, or ? OpenStudy (safia21): im confused sorry and what number OpenStudy (anonymous): for the 9 it's 40 pi. I've to think a little in order to explain it :) OpenStudy (safia21): im confused sorry and what number OpenStudy (safia21): okay thanks a lot :0 OpenStudy (anonymous): that's ok ;p So, we have an area of 35 pi for the 126°, so which area can we have with a 360 angle ? OpenStudy (safia21): um OpenStudy (anonymous): the easier reasoning is : what do i have for 1 ° ? OpenStudy (anonymous): i have 35 pi / 126 because for 126 ° i have 35 pi OpenStudy (anonymous): so now, how many do i have with 360 ? OpenStudy (safia21): um i dont know im sorry OpenStudy (anonymous): if you know for 1 ° the area, you can sum all of the area ang get whichever area you want OpenStudy (anonymous): |dw:1314398462744:dw| OpenStudy (anonymous): |dw:1314398516640:dw|

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https://www.albert.io/ie/act-science/change-to-neon-gas

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Free Version Easy # Change to Neon Gas ACTSCI-RSPWQ8 A student studying the relationship between the pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas derives the following relationship: $$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$$ The student then conducts a series of experiments to test the relationship: Experiment 1 The student first decides to test the relationship between pressure and volume by keeping the temperature constant at 25°C. She uses a rigid container with a movable plunger as shown below. The student starts with the plunger at 500. mL and a pressure of 500. mmHg of helium gas in the container. The student then moves the plunger to different volumes and measures the pressure. The table below summarizes the results. Table 1 Trial Volume (mL) Pressure (mmHg) 1 500 500 2 750 376 3 1000 251 4 250 748 Experiment 2 In a second experiment, the student takes the plunger and places it in a temperature controlled water bath. Once again, the student locks the plunger at 500 mL and fills the container with helium gas. The student then varies the temperature and records the pressure of the gas in the container. Table 2 below summarizes the results. Table 2 Trial Temperature $^\circ$C Pressure (mmHg) 5 20 500 6 40 534 7 60 568 8 80 602 Experiment 3 In a final experiment, the student decides to places 4 different gases in the container at initial pressures of 500. mmHg and initial volumes of 500. mL. The student then depresses the plunger to a volume of 250. mL and measures the new pressure. Table 3 below summarizes the results. Table 3 Trial Gas Volume (mL) Pressure (mmHg) 9 Helium 4.003 1000 10 Neon 20.18 1001 11 Argon 39.95 999 12 Xenon 83.80 999 If the gas in experiment 1 was changed to neon what change in the results would take place? A The pressures would all increase. B The pressures would all decrease. C The volumes would all increase. D There would be no change.

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# LeetCode 16 3Sum Closest ```class Solution { public: int threeSumClosest(vector<int>& nums, int target) { sort(nums.begin(),nums.end()); int ans; int mm=999999; for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++) { if(i!=0&&nums[i]==nums[i-1]) continue; int start=i+1; int end=nums.size()-1; int x=nums[i]; while(start<end) { if(nums[end]+nums[start]+x>target) { if(mm>nums[end]+nums[start]+x-target) { mm=nums[end]+nums[start]+x-target; ans=nums[end]+nums[start]+x; } end--; continue; } else if(nums[end]+nums[start]+x<target) { if(mm>target-(nums[end]+nums[start]+x)) { mm=target-(nums[end]+nums[start]+x); ans=nums[end]+nums[start]+x; } start++; continue; } else { return target; } } } return ans; } };``` 0 条评论

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# How do you find all the rational zeros of a polynomial function? May 30, 2015 You can use the rational root theorem: Given a polynomial of the form: ${a}_{0} {x}^{n} + {a}_{1} {x}^{n - 1} + \ldots + {a}_{n}$ with ${a}_{0} , \ldots , {a}_{n}$ integers, all rational roots of the form $\frac{p}{q}$ written in lowest terms (i.e. with $p$ and $q$ having no common factor) will satisfy. $p | {a}_{n}$ and $q | {a}_{0}$ That is $p$ is a divisor of the constant term and $q$ is a divisor of the coefficient of the highest order term. This gives you a finite number of possible rational roots to try. For example, the rational roots of $6 {x}^{4} - 7 {x}^{3} + {x}^{2} - 7 x - 5 = 0$ must be of the form $\frac{p}{q}$ where $p$ is $\pm 1$ or $\pm 5$ and $q$ is $1$, $2$, $3$ or $6$. You can try substituting each of the possible combinations of $p$ and $q$ as $x = \frac{p}{q}$ into the polynomial to see if they work. In fact the only rational roots it has are $- \frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{5}{3}$. Once you have found one root, you can divide the polynomial by the corresponding factor to simplify the problem.

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# How To: Figure out and calculate sales tax Video describing about how to calculate a sales tax price based on purchase price and sales tax percentage. There is one example which is described as below: Purchase price is 125.73 and sales tax is 6.5 %. To calculate a sales tax price we need to move sales tax percentage to two decimal points in left and multiply by purchase price. Then we can get price of sales tax which will be added to purchase price so we can get a final price with sales tax. There is other method which is easier as compared to first method. In a second method we have to move two decimal point in left and add 1 and then multiply to purchase price which directly gives final price with sales tax. Then video also describing other examples too. In other example we are taking final value up to two decimal points and add 1 if third decimal is more than 5. Just updated your iPhone? You'll find new features for Podcasts, News, Books, and TV, as well as important security improvements and fresh wallpapers. Find out what's new and changed on your iPhone with the iOS 17.5 update. • Hot • Latest

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# Question:How to find a local extrema of a function? ## Question:How to find a local extrema of a function? Maple 16 So I've got a function and try to find an extrema (and there is one on the plot), but Maple gives me empty brackets. First, earlier it gave me 2 x-coordinates with extrema (both empty), but now (after reloading) it gives one and empty. Second, how do I set an interval, if I want to look for extrema from x=0 to x=1, for example? I tried extrema (V, {0,1}, x) and (V, {x=0, x=1}, x), but nothing seems to work. 2.mw 

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# nLab linear extension of a partial order Contents This entry is about topological orders of directed acyclic graphs in graph theory. For topological orders of materials in condensed matter physics, see topological order. (0,1)-category (0,1)-topos ## Theorems #### Graph theory graph theory graph category of simple graphs # Contents ## Definition ###### Definition (linear extension) Given a set $X$ equipped with a partial ordering $\leq$, then a linear extension is a linear order $\leq_{lin}$ on the same set $S$, such that the identity function $id_S$ is order-preserving $(S,\leq) \overset{ id_S }{\longrightarrow} \left(S,\leq_{lin}\right) \,.$ In graph theory, a set equipped with a partial order is an acyclic directed graph, with the partial order representing the reachability relation of the graph, and any linear extension of the reachability relation is called a topological order. ## Properties ###### Proposition (existence of linear extensions) For finite sets linear extensions (Def. ) always exist. For non-finite sets this is still the case using the axiom of choice. A proof under AC was first published in (Marczewski 30). The proposition actually follows from the weaker choice principle called the ultrafilter principle, by appeal to the compactness theorem, as follows. ###### Proof It is a very simple matter to show linear extensions exist in the finite case: one may proceed by induction. Any finite $n$-element poset has a minimal element $x$ (meaning $y \leq x$ implies $y = x$). By induction the restricted partial order on $X \setminus \{x\}$ admits a linear extension, and then one may simply prepend $x$ to that linear order to complete the inductive step. The rest is a routine application of compactness for propositional theories. Let $(X, \leq)$ be a partially ordered set, and introduce a signature consisting of constants $c_x$, one for each $x \in X$, and a binary relation $L$. Introduce axioms $\neg(c_x = c_y)$ whenever $x \neq y$ in $X$, and $L(c_x, c_y)$ whenever $x \leq y$ in the poset $X$, and axioms stating that $L$ is a linear order. By the previous paragraph, the resulting theory is finitely satisfiable upon interpreting each $c_x$ as $x$. Hence the theory is satisfiable. Taking any model $M$, and interpreting the constants in $M$, and restricting $L$ to them, we obtain a linear extension on $X$. ## References • Edward Marczewski, Sur l’extension de l’ordre partiel, Fundamenta Mathematicae 16 (1930) 386–389 $[$dml:212499, pdf$]$

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# Homework Help: Electromagnet homework problem 1. Feb 12, 2006 ### blackicerose I am stuck on this homework question and would apprieciate a bit of help please. Put the following sentences in the correct order to explain how the bell works. *The springy metal pulls back the hammer *A current flows through the electromagnet *At the same time, the circuit is broken at point C *Tom presses the bell push *The electromagnet attracts the iron armature *At C, the circuit is complete again *The hammer strikes the gong 2. Feb 12, 2006 ### siddharth Last edited by a moderator: Apr 22, 2017 3. Feb 12, 2006 ### blackicerose Thanks This is what I thought...... 1. Tom presses the bell push. 2. At the same time, the circuit at point C is broken. 3. A current flows through the electromagnet. 4. The electromagnet attracts the iron armature. 5. At C, the circuit is complete again. 6. The springy metal pulls the hammer back. 7. The hammer strikes the gong. 4. Feb 12, 2006 ### siddharth Just imagine, if you break a part of the conducting wire in a circuit, then the current does not flow. But, if you complete the circuit by fixing the broken part, then current flows. So you mixed up a few steps. This site may help http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_bell" [Broken] Last edited by a moderator: May 2, 2017 5. Feb 12, 2006 ### blackicerose does that mean i mixed up 5 & 6?

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HW2_solution_2008 # HW2_solution_2008 - EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Page 1 of 8... This preview shows page 1. Sign up to view the full content. This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. Unformatted text preview: EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Page 1 of 8 EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Page 2 of 8 EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Page 3 of 8 EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Page 4 of 8 EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Page 5 of 8 EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Page 6 of 8 EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution Non‐text book problems – P 1] a) For a rectangular strain rosette the strains are given as : ε xx = ε a = 0.001 ε yy = ε b = ‐0.0006 1 2 ε xy = ε c − (ε a + ε b ) = 0.0008 – ½ (0.001 ‐ 0.0006) = 0.0006 The strain measurements are done on a thin walled plate. Hence it is state of plane stress, with σzz = σxz = σyz = 0. The remaining strain components can be calculated as follows: 1 σ xz = 0 2G 1 ε yz = σ yz = 0 2G −υ 1 −υ (ε xx + ε yy ) … substitute eq 3.32a in ε zz = (σ zz − υσ xx − υσ yy ) = (σ xx + σ yy ) = (1 − υ ) E E ε xz = eq. 3.30 ∴ ε zz = −0.3 (0.001 − 0.0006) = −1.71e − 4 (1 − 0.3) The state of strain : {εxx, εyy, εzz, εyz, εxz, εxy} = {0.001, -0.0006, -0.00017, 0, 0, 0.0006} b) Principal strains are calculated using Matlab as follows : ε1= 0.0012, ε2= ‐0.00017, ε3= ‐0.0008; Principal strain directions are : n1 = 0 l1 = ‐0.9487, m1 = ‐0.3162, m2 = 0, n2= 1 l2 = 0, n3 = 0 l3 = 0.3162, m3 = ‐0.9487, Page 7 of 8 EGM 5533 HW#2 – Solution P2] The nonzero stress components are σ =3Mpa, σ =‐4Mpa, τ =τ =τ =5Mpa. xx zz xz yz xy The unit normal to x‐y plane (normal in the negative z direction) has direction cosines, l = 0, m= 0, n= ‐1 N = ‐1k a) The traction vector can be calculated as, σP= σPxi + σPyj + σPzk where, σPx = l σxx + m τyx + n τzx = ‐1 (5) = ‐5 σPy = l τxy + m σyy + n τzy = ‐1 (5) = ‐5 σPz = l τxz + m τyz + n σzz = ‐1(‐4) = 4 σP = ‐5i ‐ 5j + 4k b) The shear stress on x‐y plane is given as, σPS = sqrt(σ2P ‐ σ2PN) σPN = l2σxx +m2σyy + n2σzz + 2mn τyz + 2ln τxz + 2lm τxy = (‐1)2(‐4) = ‐4 Mpa hence, σPS = sqrt(σ2P ‐ σ2PN) = sqrt((‐5)2+(‐5)2+(4)2‐(‐4)2) = sqrt(50) σPS = 7.07 Mpa c) To check whether given triads can be principal stresses, we can compare the stress invariants, principal stress values and maximum shear stress values. (7, ‐3.5, ‐3.5): not possible because the first stress invariant I1 does not match (3.5, 0, ‐4.5): not possible because it gives a maximum shear stress that is smaller than the largest shear stress in the stress matrix Page 8 of 8 ... View Full Document {[ snackBarMessage ]} Ask a homework question - tutors are online

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# MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride) Molar Mass (With Calculations) Molar mass of MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride) is 95.205 g/mol. Well, now you have come to know the molar mass of MgCl2. But how can you get this value? Let me show you the calculation to get the molar mass of MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride). If you are a visual learner like me, then here is a short one minute video for you. ## MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride) Molar Mass Calculation If you have a periodic table with you, then you can easily calculate the molar mass of MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride). Because the molar mass of any molecule (or compound) can be calculated by simply adding the molar masses of individual atoms. Now here we have to find the molar mass of MgCl2 (Magnesium chloride). So for that, have a look at the periodic table given below. You can see the molar mass value of all the atoms from this periodic table. Now in MgCl2, there is 1 Magnesium atom and 2 Chlorine atoms. So let’s look at the molar mass of Magnesium and Chlorine from the above periodic table. You can see that; The molar mass of Magnesium is 24.305 g/mol. [1] The molar mass of Chlorine is 35.45 g/mol. [2] Now, to calculate the molar mass of MgCl2, you just have to add the molar mass of all the individual atoms that are present in MgCl2. You can see that in MgCl2, there is 1 Magnesium atom and 2 Chlorine atoms. So, Molar mass of MgCl2 = Molar mass of 1 Magnesium (Mg) atom + Molar mass of 2 Chlorine (Cl) atoms. = 24.305 + (35.45) 2 = 24.305 + 70.9 = 95.205 g/mol Hence the Molar mass of MgCl2 is 95.205 g/mol. I hope you have understood the short and simple calculation for finding the molar mass of MgCl2. Remember • In some books, you may see the unit of molar mass as grams/mole or g/mole. But all these units (i.e g/mol, grams/mole and g/mole) are the same. • Always follow the calculation order to avoid any mistakes in calculation. First solve the brackets, then multiplications and at last do the final addition. • And don’t forget to put the unit g/mol to your final calculated molar mass. Check out other related topics for more practice; HNO3 (Nitric acid) Molar Mass CO (Carbon monoxide) Molar Mass Acetone Molar Mass Na2SO4 (Sodium sulfate) Molar Mass KF Molar Mass Author ##### Jay Rana Jay is an educator and has helped more than 100,000 students in their studies by providing simple and easy explanations on different science-related topics. With a desire to make learning accessible for everyone, he founded Knords Learning, an online learning platform that provides students with easily understandable explanations.

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# Sunday July 14, 2024 Adding 25 days from Wednesday June 19, 2024 is Sunday July 14, 2024 which is day number 196 of 2024. This page is designed to help you the steps to count 25, but understand how to convert and add time correctly. • Specific Date: Wednesday June 19, 2024 • Days from Wednesday June 19, 2024: Sunday July 14, 2024 • Day of the year: 196 • Day of the week: Sunday • Month: July • Year: 2024 ## Calculating 25 days from Wednesday June 19, 2024 by hand Attempting to add 25 days from Wednesday June 19, 2024 by hand can be quite difficult and time-consuming. A more convenient method is to use a calendar, whether it's a physical one or a digital application, to count the days from the given date. However, our days from specific date calculatoris the easiest and most efficient way to solve this problem. If you want to modify the question on this page, you have two options: you can either change the URL in your browser's address bar or go to our days from specific date calculator to enter a new query. Keep in mind that doing these types of calculations in your head can be quite challenging, so our calculator was developed to assist you in this task and make it much simpler. ## Sunday July 14, 2024 Stats • Day of the week: Sunday • Month: July • Day of the year: 196 ## Counting 25 days forward from Wednesday June 19, 2024 Counting forward from today, Sunday July 14, 2024 is 25 from now using our current calendar. 25 days is equivalent to: 25 days is also 600 hours. Sunday July 14, 2024 is 53% of the year completed. ## Within 25 days there are 600 hours, 36000 minutes, or 2160000 seconds Sunday Sunday July 14, 2024 is the 196 day of the year. At that time, we will be 53% through 2024. ## In 25 days, the Average Person Spent... • 5370.0 hours Sleeping • 714.0 hours Eating and drinking • 1170.0 hours Household activities • 348.0 hours Housework • 384.0 hours Food preparation and cleanup • 120.0 hours Lawn and garden care • 2100.0 hours Working and work-related activities • 1932.0 hours Working • 3162.0 hours Leisure and sports • 1716.0 hours Watching television ## Famous Sporting and Music Events on July 14 • 1930 1st Filipino President Emilio Aguinaldo (61) weds second wife Maria Agoncillo (51) at Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan • 1964 51st Tour de France: Jacques Anquetil of France wins 4th consecutive Tour and is first to claim 5 titles

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# 2015 AMC 10B Problems/Problem 2 ## Problem Marie does three equally time-consuming tasks in a row without taking breaks. She begins the first task at 1:00 PM and finishes the second task at 2:40 PM. When does she finish the third task? $\textbf{(A) }\text{3:10 PM}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\text{3:30 PM}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\text{4:00 PM}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\text{4:10 PM}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\text{4:30 PM}$ ## Solution Marie does her work twice in $1$ hour and $40$ minutes. Therefore, one task should take $50$ minutes to finish. $50$ minutes after $2:40$ PM is $3:30$ PM, so our answer is $\boxed{\textbf{(B)}3:30PM}$

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## Contents Gunning Fog, Flesch Reading Ease, and Flesch-Kincaid are reading level algorithms that can be helpful in determining how readable your content is. Reading level algorithms only provide a rough guide, as they tend to reward short sentences made up of short words. Whilst they're rough guides, they can give a useful indication as to whether you've pitched your content at the right level for your intended audience. ## Interpreting the Results This service analyses the readability of all rendered content. Unfortunately, this will include navigation items, and other short items of content that do not make up the part of the page that is intended to be the subject of the readability test. These items are likely to skew the results. The difference will be minimal in situations where the copy content is much larger than the navigation items, but documents with little content but lots of navigation items will return results that aren't correct. Philip Chalmers of Benefit from IT provided the following typical Fog Index scores, to help ascertain the readability of documents. Typical Fog Index Scores Fog Index Resources 6 TV guides, The Bible, Mark Twain 8 - 10 Most popular novels 10 Time, Newsweek 11 Wall Street Journal 14 The Times, The Guardian Over 20 Only government sites can get away with this, because you can't ignore them. Over 30 The government is covering something up The following table contains the readability results for http://landroveras.blogspot.com. Summary Value Total sentences 504 Total words 1615 Average words per Sentence 3.20 Words with 1 Syllable 860 Words with 2 Syllables 342 Words with 3 Syllables 139 Words with 4 or more Syllables 274 Percentage of word with three or more syllables 25.57% Average Syllables per Word 1.89 Gunning Fog Index 11.51 ## Gunning-Fog Index The following is the algorithm to determine the Gunning-Fog index. • Calculate the average number of words you use per sentence. • Calculate the percentage of difficult words in the sample (words with three or more syllables). • Add the totals together, and multiply the sum by 0.4. • Algorithm: (average_words_sentence + number_words_three_syllables_plus) * 0.4 The result is your Gunning-Fog index, which is a rough measure of how many years of schooling it would take someone to understand the content. The lower the number, the more understandable the content will be to your visitors. Results over seventeen are reported as seventeen, where seventeen is considered post-graduate level. The following is the algorithm to determine the Flesch Reading Ease. • Calculate the average number of words you use per sentence. • Calculate the average number of syllables per word. • Multiply the average number of syllables per word multiplied by 84.6 and subtract it from the average number of words multiplied by 1.015. • Subtract the result from 206.835. • Algorithm: 206.835 - (1.015 * average_words_sentence) - (84.6 * average_syllables_word) The result is an index number that rates the text on a 100-point scale. The higher the score, the easier it is to understand the document. Authors are encouraged to aim for a score of approximately 60 to 70. The following is the algorithm to determine the Flesch-Kincaid grade level. • Calculate the average number of words you use per sentence. • Calculate the average number of syllables per word. • Multiply the average number of words by 0.39 and add it to the average number of syllables per word multiplied by 11.8. • Subtract 15.50 from the result. • Algorithm: (0.39 * average_words_sentence) + (11.8 * average_syllables_word) - 15.9 The result is the Flesch-Kincaid grade level. Like the Gunning-Fog index, it is a rough measure of how many years of schooling it would take someone to understand the content. Negative results are reported as zero, and numbers over twelve are reported as twelve.

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CC-MAIN-2022-27

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http://www.ck12.org/concept/Cones---Intermediate/?eid=None&ref=None

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<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1; url=/nojavascript/"> # Surface Area and Volume of Cones % Progress Practice Surface Area and Volume of Cones Progress % Cones What if you wanted to use your mathematical prowess to figure out exactly how much waffle cone your friend Jeff is eating? This happens to be your friend Jeff’s favorite part of his ice cream dessert. A typical waffle cone is 6 inches tall and has a diameter of 2 inches. What is the surface area of the waffle cone? (You may assume that the cone is straight across at the top). Jeff decides he wants a “king size” cone, which is 8 inches tall and has a diameter of 4 inches. What is the surface area of this cone? After completing this Concept, you'll be able to answer questions like these. ### Guidance A cone is a solid with a circular base and sides taper up towards a common vertex. It is said that a cone is generated from rotating a right triangle around one leg in a circle. Notice that a cone has a slant height, just like a pyramid. ##### Surface Area We know that the base is a circle, but we need to find the formula for the curved side that tapers up from the base. Unfolding a cone, we have the net: From this, we can see that the lateral face’s edge is $2 \pi r$ and the sector of a circle with radius $l$ . We can find the area of the sector by setting up a proportion. $\frac{Area \ of \ circle}{Area \ of \ sector} & = \frac{Circumference}{Arc \ length}\\\frac{ \pi l^2}{Area \ of \ sector} & = \frac{2\pi l}{2 \pi r}=\frac{l}{r}$ Cross multiply: $l(Area \ of \ sector) & = \pi rl^2\\Area \ of \ sector & = \pi rl$ Surface Area of a Right Cone: The surface area of a right cone with slant height $l$ and base radius $r$ is $SA= \pi r^2+ \pi rl$ . ##### Volume If the bases of a cone and a cylinder are the same, then the volume of a cone will be one-third the volume of the cylinder. Volume of a Cone: If $r$ is the radius of a cone and $h$ is the height, then the volume is $V=\frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 h$ . #### Example A What is the surface area of the cone? In order to find the surface area, we need to find the slant height. Recall from a pyramid, that the slant height forms a right triangle with the height and the radius. Use the Pythagorean Theorem. $l^2 & = 9^2+21^2\\& = 81+441\\l & = \sqrt{522} \approx 22.85$ The surface area would be $SA= \pi 9^2+ \pi (9)(22.85) \approx 900.54 \ units^2$ . #### Example B The surface area of a cone is $36 \pi$ and the slant height is 5 units. What is the radius? Plug in what you know into the formula for the surface area of a cone and solve for $r$ . $36 \pi & = \pi r^2+ \pi r(5) && \text{Because every term has} \ \pi, \ \text{we can cancel it out}.\\36 & = r^2+5r && \text{Set one side equal to zero, and this becomes a factoring problem}.\\r^2+5r-36& = 0\\(r-4)(r+9)&=0 && \text{The possible answers for} \ r \ \text{are} \ 4 \ \text{and} \ -9. \ \text{The radius must be positive,}\\&&&\text{so our answer is} \ 4.$ #### Example C Find the volume of the cone. To find the volume, we need the height, so we have to use the Pythagorean Theorem. $5^2+h^2&=15^2\\h^2&=200\\h&=10\sqrt{2}$ Now, we can find the volume. $V=\frac{1}{3}(5^2)\left ( 10 \sqrt{2} \right ) \pi \approx 370.24$ Watch this video for help with the Examples above. #### Concept Problem Revisited The standard cone has a surface area of $\pi + 6 \pi =7 \pi \approx 21.99 \ in^2$ . The “king size” cone has a surface area of $4 \pi + 16 \pi = 20 \pi \approx 62.83$ , almost three times as large as the standard cone. ### Guided Practice 1. Find the volume of the cone. 2. Find the volume of the cone. 3. The volume of a cone is $484 \pi \ cm^3$ and the height is 12 cm. What is the radius? 1. To find the volume, we need the height, so we have to use the Pythagorean Theorem. $5^2+h^2&=15^2\\h^2&=200\\h&=10\sqrt{2}$ Now, we can find the volume. $V=\frac{1}{3}(5^2)\left ( 10 \sqrt{2} \right ) \pi \approx 370.24$ 2. Use the radius in the formula. $V=\frac{1}{3} \pi (3^2)(6)=18 \pi \approx 56.55$ 3. Plug in what you know to the volume formula. $484 \pi & = \frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 (12)\\121 & = r^2\\11&=r$ ### Explore More Find the surface area and volume of the right cones. Leave your answers in terms of $\pi$ . Challenge Find the surface area of the traffic cone with the given information. The gone is cut off at the top (4 inch cone) and the base is a square with sides of length 24 inches. Round answers to the nearest hundredth. 1. Find the area of the entire square. Then, subtract the area of the base of the cone. 2. Find the lateral area of the cone portion (include the 4 inch cut off top of the cone). 3. Now, subtract the cut-off top of the cone, to only have the lateral area of the cone portion of the traffic cone. 4. Combine your answers from #4 and #6 to find the entire surface area of the traffic cone. For questions 8-11, consider the sector of a circle with radius 25 cm and arc length $14 \pi$ . 1. What is the central angle of this sector? 2. If this sector is rolled into a cone, what are the radius and area of the base of the cone? 3. What is the height of this cone? 4. What is the total surface area of the cone? Find the volume of the following cones. Leave your answers in terms of $\pi$ . 1. If the volume of a cone is $30\pi \ cm^2$ and the radius is 5 cm, what is the height? 2. If the volume of a cone is $105\pi \ cm^2$ and the height is 35 cm, what is the radius? 1. A teepee is to be built such that there is a minimal cylindrical shaped central living space contained within the cone shape of diameter 6 ft and height 6 ft. If the radius of the entire teepee is 5 ft, find the total height of the teepee. ### Vocabulary Language: English Slant Height Slant Height The slant height is the height of a lateral face of a pyramid.

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https://www.exactlywhatistime.com/days-from-date/december-29/19-days

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# What date is 19 days from Friday December 29, 2023? ## Calculating 19 days from Friday December 29, 2023 by hand This page is designed to help you find the answer to a particular type of question involving time: when is 19 days from Friday December 29, 2023? To make this process easier, we have created a calculator that determines the exact date after a specific number of days have passed from a certain date. In this case, we're looking at 19 days from Friday December 29, 2023. Attempting to calculate this by hand can be quite difficult and time-consuming. A more convenient method is to use a calendar, whether it's a physical one or a digital application, to visually count the days from the given date. However, our days from specific date calculator, which you can find here, is the easiest and most efficient way to solve this problem. If you want to modify the question on this page, you have two options: you can either change the URL in your browser's address bar or go to our days from specific date calculator to enter a new query. Keep in mind that doing these types of calculations in your head can be quite challenging, so our calculator was developed to assist you in this task and make it much simpler. ## Wednesday January 17, 2024 Stats • Day of the week: Wednesday • Month: January • Day of the year: 017 ## Counting 19 days forward from Friday December 29, 2023 Counting forward from today, Wednesday January 17, 2024 is 19 from now using our current calendar. 19 days is equivalent to: 19 days is also 456 hours. Wednesday January 17, 2024 is 4% of the year completed. ## Within 19 days there are 456 hours, 27360 minutes, or 1641600 seconds Wednesday Wednesday January 17, 2024 is the 017 day of the year. At that time, we will be 4% through 2024. ## In 19 days, the Average Person Spent... • 4081.2 hours Sleeping • 542.64 hours Eating and drinking • 889.2 hours Household activities • 264.48 hours Housework • 291.84 hours Food preparation and cleanup • 91.2 hours Lawn and garden care • 1596.0 hours Working and work-related activities • 1468.32 hours Working • 2403.12 hours Leisure and sports • 1304.16 hours Watching television ## Famous Sporting and Music Events on January 17 • 1926 Comedian George Burns marries comedienne Gracie Allen • 1916 Rodman Wanamaker organises a lunch to discuss forming a golfers association (later the PGA) at the Taplow Club, Martinique Hotel, New York City

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CC-MAIN-2023-40

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https://usmam.org/three-friends-split-the-cost-of-a-pizza/

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A pizza has a addressed initial cost of \$180,000 and a variable price of \$4 for each pizza sold. If the p... You are watching: Three friends split the cost of a pizza A glass that juice prices Rs. 35 and also a pizza prices rs. 250. Uncover the cost of 4 glasses the juice and also 4 p... Pizza manufacturing facility has come out through two type of pizzas। A square pizza of side 45 cm costs 150 and also a ci... The price of pizza is 2(1)/(2) time the price of a burger. If the sum of price of one burger a and one... Huey"s hip pizza sells 2 sizes that square pizzas a little pizza that measures 10 inches on a next an... At Frank"s pizza a medium pizza is priced in ~ \$12.95 and a big pizza is priced in ~ \$15.95. A bigger ... Tim to buy a skateboard and two helmets for complete of d dollars. If the skateboard prices s dollars, t... Nancy purchased a consignment the c red roses at a price of d dollars. She make bouquets through the rose... Radha payment Rs 81 for 6 pens and also 3 pencils. If the expense of a pen is 4 times the cost of pencil, exactly how m... Reema and Pooja bespeak a medium pizza each. Reema perfect 5/(8) of she pizza and also Pooja perfect 7/... A slice from a circular pizza of diameter 14 inches is cut in a such a way that each slice of pizza ... In a market, a dozen eggs price as much as a lb of rice, and also a half-liter the kerosene expenses as muc... A teacher the united claims wishes to purchase textbooks for she classroom as soon as she go on a pilgrimage t... DisclaimerThe questions posted on the website are solely user generated, usmam.org has actually no property or control over the nature and content that those questions. usmam.org is no responsible for any type of discrepancies concerning the replicate of content over those questions. Stella and also 2 girlfriend buy a pizza and a salad because that dinner. They separation the expense 3 ways. The pizza cost... 3 girlfriend splits money for pizza and also salad the pizza expense 15 doallers salad price 6 dollars what exp... three friends spilt the cost of a pizza and also a salad the pizza price 15\$ and the salad expense \$6 what i... three friends split the expense of a pizza and a salad. The pizza costs \$15 and also the salad costs \$6. Wh... Arianna and two friends decide to break-up a pizza. If the pizza expenses \$9.87, how much should each per... John and his friends space going the end for pizza because that lunch. They break-up one pizza and 3 drinks. The pizz... John and also 2 friends space going out for pizza for lunch. They separation one pizza and 3 huge drinks. The ... John and also 2 friends room going out for pizza because that lunch. They split one pizza and 3 huge drinks. The ... at to-go pizza each pizza cost \$12 and also each small salad costs \$2. A distribution charge of \$3 is added ... Colby and his 3 friends buy lunch. The full is 30.60. If lock share the cost equally, exactly how much, in... four friends room going to separation the price of a pizza. If ns stards the expense of the pizza, which of th... 4 friends are going to separation the expense of a pizza. If p means the expense of the pizza, which o... See more: 2010 Honda Civic Horn Relay Location, Fuse Box Diagram Honda Civic (2006 You and 3 friends stimulate a pizza, 4 huge drinks, and also a loaf of cheese bread. You break-up the price eve...

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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/power-supplied-to-a-vibrating-string.675198/

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# Power Supplied to a vibrating string 1. Feb 28, 2013 ### Willjeezy 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data I keep getting the wrong answer for this question: A taut spring for which μ = 0.05 kg/m is under tension of 80.0N. How much power must be supplied to the string to generate sinusoidal waves at a frequency of 60Hz and an amplitude of 6cm? 2. Relevant equations ω = 2∏f v = √(T/μ) P = (1/2)μω2A2v 3. The attempt at a solution Convert cm to m --> 6cm = 0.06m Find ω ω = 2∏(60) = 376.99 Find v v = √(80/.05) =0.4m/s2 Find P P = (1/2)(0.05)(376.99)2(0.06)2(0.4) =5.12 however, the book tells me the answer is 512W. Did I convert something wrong? Watts is J/s, and joules is in (Kg * m2)/s, so it only makes sense that I would have to convert the cm to m. By dimensional analysis my answer has the units of : (kg * rad2 * m2) / s3 Last edited: Feb 28, 2013 2. Feb 28, 2013 ### TSny Check this part of your calculation. 3. Feb 28, 2013 ### Willjeezy blah....thanks.

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CC-MAIN-2017-43

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https://www.aqua-calc.com/one-to-one/density/gram-per-cubic-millimeter/ounce-per-us-gallon/1

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# 1 gram per cubic millimeter [g/mm³] in ounces per US gallon ## g/mm³ to oz/US gal unit converter of density 1 gram per cubic millimeter [g/mm³] = 133 526.47 ounces per US gallon [oz/gal] ### grams per cubic millimeter to ounces per US gallon density conversion cards • 1 through 25 grams per cubic millimeter • 1 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 133 526.47 oz/gal • 2 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 267 052.94 oz/gal • 3 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 400 579.41 oz/gal • 4 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 534 105.88 oz/gal • 5 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 667 632.36 oz/gal • 6 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 801 158.83 oz/gal • 7 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 934 685.3 oz/gal • 8 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 1 068 211.77 oz/gal • 9 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 1 201 738.24 oz/gal • 10 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 1 335 264.71 oz/gal • 11 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 1 468 791.18 oz/gal • 12 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 1 602 317.65 oz/gal • 13 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 1 735 844.12 oz/gal • 14 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 1 869 370.59 oz/gal • 15 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 002 897.07 oz/gal • 16 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 136 423.54 oz/gal • 17 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 269 950.01 oz/gal • 18 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 403 476.48 oz/gal • 19 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 537 002.95 oz/gal • 20 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 670 529.42 oz/gal • 21 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 804 055.89 oz/gal • 22 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 2 937 582.36 oz/gal • 23 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 3 071 108.83 oz/gal • 24 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 3 204 635.3 oz/gal • 25 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 3 338 161.78 oz/gal • 26 through 50 grams per cubic millimeter • 26 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 3 471 688.25 oz/gal • 27 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 3 605 214.72 oz/gal • 28 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 3 738 741.19 oz/gal • 29 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 3 872 267.66 oz/gal • 30 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 005 794.13 oz/gal • 31 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 139 320.6 oz/gal • 32 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 272 847.07 oz/gal • 33 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 406 373.54 oz/gal • 34 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 539 900.01 oz/gal • 35 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 673 426.49 oz/gal • 36 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 806 952.96 oz/gal • 37 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 4 940 479.43 oz/gal • 38 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 5 074 005.9 oz/gal • 39 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 5 207 532.37 oz/gal • 40 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 5 341 058.84 oz/gal • 41 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 5 474 585.31 oz/gal • 42 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 5 608 111.78 oz/gal • 43 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 5 741 638.25 oz/gal • 44 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 5 875 164.72 oz/gal • 45 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 008 691.2 oz/gal • 46 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 142 217.67 oz/gal • 47 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 275 744.14 oz/gal • 48 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 409 270.61 oz/gal • 49 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 542 797.08 oz/gal • 50 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 676 323.55 oz/gal • 51 through 75 grams per cubic millimeter • 51 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 809 850.02 oz/gal • 52 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 6 943 376.49 oz/gal • 53 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 7 076 902.96 oz/gal • 54 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 7 210 429.43 oz/gal • 55 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 7 343 955.91 oz/gal • 56 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 7 477 482.38 oz/gal • 57 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 7 611 008.85 oz/gal • 58 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 7 744 535.32 oz/gal • 59 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 7 878 061.79 oz/gal • 60 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 011 588.26 oz/gal • 61 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 145 114.73 oz/gal • 62 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 278 641.2 oz/gal • 63 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 412 167.67 oz/gal • 64 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 545 694.14 oz/gal • 65 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 679 220.62 oz/gal • 66 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 812 747.09 oz/gal • 67 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 8 946 273.56 oz/gal • 68 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 9 079 800.03 oz/gal • 69 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 9 213 326.5 oz/gal • 70 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 9 346 852.97 oz/gal • 71 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 9 480 379.44 oz/gal • 72 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 9 613 905.91 oz/gal • 73 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 9 747 432.38 oz/gal • 74 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 9 880 958.85 oz/gal • 75 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 014 485.33 oz/gal • 76 through 100 grams per cubic millimeter • 76 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 148 011.8 oz/gal • 77 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 281 538.27 oz/gal • 78 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 415 064.74 oz/gal • 79 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 548 591.21 oz/gal • 80 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 682 117.68 oz/gal • 81 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 815 644.15 oz/gal • 82 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 10 949 170.62 oz/gal • 83 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 11 082 697.09 oz/gal • 84 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 11 216 223.56 oz/gal • 85 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 11 349 750.04 oz/gal • 86 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 11 483 276.51 oz/gal • 87 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 11 616 802.98 oz/gal • 88 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 11 750 329.45 oz/gal • 89 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 11 883 855.92 oz/gal • 90 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 017 382.39 oz/gal • 91 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 150 908.86 oz/gal • 92 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 284 435.33 oz/gal • 93 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 417 961.8 oz/gal • 94 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 551 488.27 oz/gal • 95 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 685 014.75 oz/gal • 96 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 818 541.22 oz/gal • 97 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 12 952 067.69 oz/gal • 98 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 13 085 594.16 oz/gal • 99 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 13 219 120.63 oz/gal • 100 g/mm³ to oz/gal = 13 352 647.1 oz/gal • oz/gal stands for oz/US gal #### Foods, Nutrients and Calories SPOOKY SHAPES GUMMIES CANDY, UPC: 022000017598 contain(s) 333 calories per 100 grams or ≈3.527 ounces  [ price ] CORDIAL MILK CHOCOLATE, UPC: 075186056011 contain(s) 385 calories per 100 grams or ≈3.527 ounces  [ price ] #### Gravels, Substances and Oils CaribSea, Freshwater, African Cichlid Mix, Sahara Sand weighs 1 473.7 kg/m³ (92.00009 lb/ft³) with specific gravity of 1.4737 relative to pure water.  Calculate how much of this gravel is required to attain a specific depth in a cylindricalquarter cylindrical  or in a rectangular shaped aquarium or pond  [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price ] Diniobium pentaoxide [Nb2O5] weighs 4 550 kg/m³ (284.04722 lb/ft³)  [ weight to volume | volume to weight | price | mole to volume and weight | density ] Volume to weightweight to volume and cost conversions for Safflower oil with temperature in the range of 10°C (50°F) to 140°C (284°F) #### Weights and Measurements A revolution is a unit of plane angle, and defined as a complete turn around a circle The fuel consumption or fuel economy measurement is used to estimate gas mileage and associated fuel cost for a specific vehicle. kg/Ų to lb/cm² conversion table, kg/Ų to lb/cm² unit converter or convert between all units of surface density measurement. #### Calculators Volume to Weight conversions for sands, gravels and substrates

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# Common Core: High School - Geometry : Apply Density Concepts to Area and Volume Situations: CCSS.Math.Content.HSG-MG.A.2 ## Example Questions ← Previous 1 ### Example Question #1 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with 58398 cubic meters of xenon with a density of 0.1629 kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of xenon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to 2 decimal places Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is 9513.03 kilograms. ### Example Question #2 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of xenon with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of xenon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ### Example Question #1 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of xenon with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of xenon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ### Example Question #1 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of xenon with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of xenon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ### Example Question #2 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of xenon with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of xenon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ### Example Question #3 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of neon with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of neon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ### Example Question #4 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of water with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of water does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is ### Example Question #4 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of water with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of water does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ### Example Question #1 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of xenon with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of xenon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ### Example Question #5 : Apply Density Concepts To Area And Volume Situations: Ccss.Math.Content.Hsg Mg.A.2 If a balloon is filled with  cubic meters of neon with a density of  kilograms per cubic meter. How many kilograms of neon does the balloon contain? Round your answer to  decimal places. Possible Answers: Correct answer: Explanation: In order to solve this problem, we need to use an equation that involves, density, mass, and volume. Here is the equation that we need to use. Since we are given the density, and volume, we can plug those values in, and then solve for the mass (). Thus the mass of the balloon is . ← Previous 1

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# EPFO Assistant Reasoning Practice Quiz 3 Home > > Tutorial 5 Steps - 3 Clicks # EPFO Assistant Reasoning Practice Quiz 3 ### Introduction EPFO Assistant – Preliminary Examination, conducted in online Mode, has: a duration of 60 Minutes, a total of 100 questions, a maximum score of 100 marks, and consists of 3 sections, namely – Reasoning Ability, English Language, and Numerical Ability/Aptitude. There is a Negative marking in EPFO Assistant Preliminary exam. EPFO Assistant Exam Pattern - Prelims S. No. Name of the Test (Objective Tests) No. of Questions Maximum Marks Duration Version 1. English Language 30 30 20 Minutes English 2. Reasoning Ability 35 35 20 Minutes Bilingual 3. Numerical Aptitude/Ability 35 35 20 Minutes Bilingual Total 100 Questions 100 Marks 1 Hour The Reasoning section primarily has questions related to the Syllogism, Directions, and Inequality , etc. This article presents EPFO Assistant Reasoning Practice Quiz 3 for acing the EPFO Assistant Examination. The online examination for EPFO Assistant Online Preliminary Exam 2019 scheduled to be conducted on [latex]{30}^{th}[/latex], July 2019 and [latex]{31}^{st}[/latex], July 2019 ### Quiz Direction(1-3): Find the number that fits somewhere into the middle of the series. Some of the items involve both numbers and letters. 1. Look at this series: VI, 10, V, 11, __, 12, III, ... What number should fill the blank? A. II B. 1V C. IX D. 14 E. 15 2. Look at this series: (1/9), (1/3), 1, ____ , 9, ... What number should fill the blank? A. 5 B. 3 C. 6 D. 27 E. 25 3. Look at this series: 83, 73, 93, 63, __, 93, 43, ... What number should fill the blank? A. 33 B. 53 C. 73 D. 93 E. 44 4. CUP : LIP :: BIRD : ? A. BUSH B. GRASS C. FOREST D. BEAK E. None of these 5. Flow : River :: Stagnant : ? A. Rain B. Stream C. Pool D. Canal E. None of these Explanation - This is an alternating addition and subtraction series. Roman numbers alternate with Arabic numbers. In the Roman numeral pattern, each number decreases by 1. In the Arabic numeral pattern, each number increases by 1. Explanation - This is a multiplication series; each number is 3 times the previous number. Explanation - This is a simple subtraction series in which a random number, 93, is interpolated as every third number. In the subtraction series, 10 is subtracted from each number to arrive at the next. Explanation - Cup is used to drink something with the help of lips. Similarly birds collects grass with the help of beak to make her nest. Explanation - As Water of a River flows similarly water of Pool is Stagnant. Direction(1-2): In each of the following questions, you are given a figure (X) followed by four alternative figures (1), (2), (3) and (4) such that figure (X) is embedded in one of them. Trace out the alternative figure which contains fig. (X) as its part. 1. Find out the alternative figure which contains figure (X) as its part. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of these 2. Find out the alternative figure which contains figure (X) as its part. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of these 3. Choose the alternative which is closely resembles the mirror image of the given combination. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. None of these 4. Pointing to a photograph Lata says, "He is the son of the only son of my grandfather." How is the man in the photograph related to Lata? A. Brother B. Uncle C. Cousin D. Father E. Data is inadequate 5. If D is the brother of B, how B is related to C? To answer this question which of the statements is/are necessary? 1. The son of D is the grandson of C. 2. B is the sister of D. A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Either 1 or 2 D. 1 and 2 both are required E. None of these Explanation - Hence correct option is C Explanation - Hence correct option is A Explanation - The man in the photograph is the son of the only son of Lata's grandfather i.e., the man is the son of Lata's father. Hence, the man is the brother of Lata. Explanation - Given: D is the brother of B. From statement 1, we can detect that D is son of C (son of D is the grandson of C). From statement 2, we can detect that B is 'Female' (sister of D). Therefore, B is daughter of C. Direction(1-4): Six girls are sitting in a circle facing to the centre of the circle. They are P, Q, R, S, T and V. T is not between Q and S but some other one. P is next to the left of V. R is 4th to the right of P. 1. Which of the following statement is not true ? A. S is just next to the right to R B. T is just next to the right of V C. R is second to the left of T D. P is second to the right of R E. None of these 2. If P and R interchange their positions then which of the following pair will sit together ? A. PT B. PV C. VT D. QV E. None of these 3. What is the position of T ? A. Just next to the right of Q B. Second to the left of P C. Between Q and R D. To the immediate right of V E. None of these 4. Which one is sitting just right to the V? A. P B. T C. R D. S/Q E. None of these Directions : Study the following information to answer the given questions: In a certain code, “RAIL MADLY BUN JAR” is written as ‘19#L, 7%Y, 16\$N, 12@R’ “JOB RAPID BOT MONKEY” is written as ‘28@B, 28#D, 10\$T, 8%Y’ “MICRO BOAR RANSOM JUMP” is written as ‘21%O, 13\$R, 20#M, 15@P’ “RADAR JUKE BANGLE MOD” is written as ‘14#R, 26@E, 28\$E, 26%D’ 5. The code for the word ‘RAN’ is A. 8%N B. 8*N C. 17#N D. 16#N E. None of these Explanation [1-4]- Explanation - RAN – 16#N R – # No of letters – 3+(Reverse Alphabet order of N = 13) = 16 Last letter – N ### Exams Competitive Exams - College Entrance Exams Diploma NITC New Delhi Goa Diploma Admissions 2019 ###### ATMA 2019 Competitive Exams - Recent Job Notifications Category Banking SSC Railway Defence Police Insurance

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# Homework Help: Implicit Differentiation Check 1. Oct 8, 2008 ### Grogerian 1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data just a check, in Implicit Differentiation if you have lets say (x2+y2)2 would you get 2(x2+y2)(2x+2y(dy/dx)) or would it go out of the whole function in the chain rule and be 2(x2+y2)(2x+2y)(dy/dx) much appreciated. 2. Oct 8, 2008

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Cody # Problem 1146. Calculate Alcohol By Volume with Original and Final Gravity Solution 184921 Submitted on 3 Jan 2013 by Mehmet OZC This solution is locked. To view this solution, you need to provide a solution of the same size or smaller. ### Test Suite Test Status Code Input and Output 1   Pass %% Nice strong beer x = [1.085 1.005]; y_correct = 10.48; assert(isequal(brew_ABV(x),y_correct)) ``` ``` 2   Pass %% Regular ale x = [1.063 1.01]; y_correct = 6.94; assert(isequal(brew_ABV(x),y_correct)) ``` ``` 3   Pass %% Water with sugar added? x = [1.00 1.02]; y_correct = 0; assert(isequal(brew_ABV(x),y_correct)) ``` ``` 4   Pass %% Water x = [1.00 1.00]; y_correct = 0; assert(isequal(brew_ABV(x),y_correct)) ``` ```

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Total: \$0.00 # What's Missing? Number Puzzles (1-100) Product Rating 4.0 1 rating File Type Compressed Zip File 20 MB|63 pages Share Product Description The hundreds chart can be a very powerful tool for building students’ number sense. Using the hundreds chart, children are able to explore concepts such as counting, sequencing, adding and subtracting, as well as odd and even numbers. While there are multiple concepts that can be taught and reinforced using the hundreds chart, this product focuses primarily on the patterns and relationships between numbers. In this situation, the hundreds chart provides an essential framework for students to develop a deep understanding of our base ten number system. Students are able to visualize counting on and back by 1s and 10s by moving right, left, down, and up. When students are encouraged to explore and visualize these movements and patterns within the hundreds chart in a structured and systematic fashion, we are improving their ability to calculate mentally and increasing their flexibility as problem solvers. We need to provide daily opportunities for our students to think, analyze, and communicate about numbers, and this product does just that! This product makes differentiation quick and easy! All you have to do is choose the level (Level 1, 2, or 3) and the number range that best fits your students’ individual readiness levels. These puzzles are simply pieces of a hundreds chart. Since students are concentrating on one small section of the chart, they are able to think about where specific numbers by using the numbers around it as points of reference. All of the What’s Missing? Number Puzzles have been created in black and white, making it much more cost efficient. Simply print these on cardstock (I use a different color for each set), laminate them, and cut out the pieces. Students can then write the numbers on these puzzles using a dry erase marker. By preparing the materials in this fashion, the puzzles can be used over and over again. These What’s Missing? Number Puzzles can be used during small-group instruction, math centers, or cooperative learning groups. They can also be used for morning work or for those students who inevitably finish early. The possibilities are endless, which makes them an amazing addition to your teaching toolbox! Check out the FREE Samples below: What's Missing? Number Puzzles Level 1 Sampler What's Missing? Number Puzzles Level 2 Sampler What's Missing? Number Puzzles Level 3 Sampler Total Pages 63 pages N/A Teaching Duration N/A Report this Resource \$8.00 \$0.00 \$0.00 \$0.00 \$0.00 \$0.00 \$8.00

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# Math Worksheets Converting Repeating Decimals To Fractions Worksheet With Answers By Angelette Perillard at December 30 2018 20:07:25 These assignments are known to help people in their mathematical problems. They cater to people with problems right from the basic addition or subtraction to the complex algebra lessons and trigonometry problems. Especially, students are known to benefit tremendously from these online materials. Find the mistake: These activities are terrible for young kids. An example might be, cross out the word that doesn't begin with the right letter, or correct the misspelled word. I know, seems like common sense, but I've seen some teachers try to teach young children using these kind of word sheets which are just ridiculously confusing for young learners. It is widely understood that math has a global use and acceptance. People are also aware of the rate at which math is advancing today at various fields of research and study. Many mathematicians will talk about the pattern and structure of math worksheets which are helpful for people in working fields. Math has helped science and technology reach a higher level of advancement. Letter Books: These are books that frequently use the same phonemes over and over so students can understand them (the link between a letter and the sound it makes). For instance, "Baby bear bounced balls". These books are really good, especially if you have the book as a colouring book that you can fill out together. Here's a good activity: say the sound like "b says...buh buh, ball" and then students race to colour in their balls in their workbook. You can hang these up after and everyone will have fun. ## Gallery of Converting Repeating Decimals To Fractions Worksheet With Answers So what kinds of worksheets should you get? Anything where you feel that your child needs further drill. We often have this notion that worksheets are just for math. This, of course, is not true. While they are excellent tools for reviewing math facts such as the multiplication tables and division facts, they are just as useful for reviewing parts of speech or the states in the union. When you're teaching your student to write, there are a whole host of worksheets online that you can use. Many of these include clipart that will help the students learn the sounds of letters and letter combinations. There are other sheets that help the student learn to write his or her numbers. Involve the Entire Body : No one likes to sit in class listening to a lecture for an hour. It gets boring and monotonous. To incorporate more fun into learning, try to engage the entire body. Have children move around the room. Play active review games. If you must lecture, have your students take a five minute break to stand up and wiggle their arms and legs. Fun doesn't have to be silly all the time. Simply moving around can make an otherwise boring lecture seem uplifting. Positive Reinforcement : One of the easiest ways to add some fun to your class is to use positive reinforcement. Students not only detest, but also dread classes that make them feel dumb. If your class is made to think they are excelling or performing well, they will be more likely to succeed. You will see smiles on their faces instead of looks of dread. The only way fun can be introduced into the school day is if the children feel comfortable letting loose. Giving positive reinforcement is the way to accomplish that goal.

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https://www.kilomegabyte.com/9000-mib-to-gb

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#### Data Units Calculator ###### Mebibyte to Gigabyte Online data storage unit conversion calculator: From: To: The smallest unit of measurement used for measuring data is a bit. A single bit can have a value of either zero(0) or one(1). It may contain a binary value (such as True/False or On/Off or 1/0) and nothing more. Therefore, a byte, or eight bits, is used as the fundamental unit of measurement for data storage. A byte can store 256 different values, which is sufficient to represent standard ASCII table, such as all numbers, letters and control symbols. Since most files contain thousands of bytes, file sizes are often measured in kilobytes. Larger files, such as images, videos, and audio files, contain millions of bytes and therefore are measured in megabytes. Modern storage devices can store thousands of these files, which is why storage capacity is typically measured in gigabytes or even terabytes. # 9000 mib to gb result: 9000 (nine thousand) mebibyte(s) is equal 9.437184 (nine point four hundred and thirty-seven thousand one hundred and eighty-four) gigabyte(s) #### What is mebibyte? The mebibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The binary prefix mebi means 2^20; therefore one mebibyte is equal to 1048576 bytes, i.e., 1024 kibibytes. The unit symbol for the mebibyte is MiB. #### What is gigabyte? The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga means 10^9 in the International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one gigabyte is 1000000000 bytes. The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB. #### How calculate mib. to gb.? 1 Mebibyte is equal to 0.001048576 Gigabyte (zero point zero × 2 one million forty-eight thousand five hundred and seventy-six gb) 1 Gigabyte is equal to 953.67431640625 Mebibyte (nine hundred and fifty-three point sixty-seven billion four hundred and thirty-one million six hundred and forty thousand six hundred and twenty-five mib) 1 Mebibyte is equal to 8388608.000000 bits (eight million three hundred and eighty-eight thousand six hundred and eight point zero × 6 zero bits) 1 Gigabyte is equal to 8000000000 bits (eight billion bits) 9000 Mebibyte is equal to 75497472000 Bit (seventy-five billion four hundred and ninety-seven million four hundred and seventy-two thousand bit) Gigabyte is greater than Mebibyte Multiplication factor is 953.67431640625. 1 / 953.67431640625 = 0.001048576. 9000 / 953.67431640625 = 9.437184. Maybe you mean Megabyte? 9000 Mebibyte is equal to 9437.184 Megabyte (nine thousand four hundred and thirty-seven point one hundred and eighty-four mb) convert to mb ### Powers of 2 mib gb (Gigabyte) Description 1 mib 0.001048576 gb 1 mebibyte (one) is equal to 0.001048576 gigabyte (zero point zero × 2 one million forty-eight thousand five hundred and seventy-six) 2 mib 0.002097152 gb 2 mebibyte (two) is equal to 0.002097152 gigabyte (zero point zero × 2 two million ninety-seven thousand one hundred and fifty-two) 4 mib 0.004194304 gb 4 mebibyte (four) is equal to 0.004194304 gigabyte (zero point zero × 2 four million one hundred and ninety-four thousand three hundred and four) 8 mib 0.008388608 gb 8 mebibyte (eight) is equal to 0.008388608 gigabyte (zero point zero × 2 eight million three hundred and eighty-eight thousand six hundred and eight) 16 mib 0.016777216 gb 16 mebibyte (sixteen) is equal to 0.016777216 gigabyte (zero point zero × 1 sixteen million seven hundred and seventy-seven thousand two hundred and sixteen) 32 mib 0.033554432 gb 32 mebibyte (thirty-two) is equal to 0.033554432 gigabyte (zero point zero × 1 thirty-three million five hundred and fifty-four thousand four hundred and thirty-two) 64 mib 0.067108864 gb 64 mebibyte (sixty-four) is equal to 0.067108864 gigabyte (zero point zero × 1 sixty-seven million one hundred and eight thousand eight hundred and sixty-four) 128 mib 0.134217728 gb 128 mebibyte (one hundred and twenty-eight) is equal to 0.134217728 gigabyte (zero point one hundred and thirty-four million two hundred and seventeen thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight) 256 mib 0.268435456 gb 256 mebibyte (two hundred and fifty-six) is equal to 0.268435456 gigabyte (zero point two hundred and sixty-eight million four hundred and thirty-five thousand four hundred and fifty-six) 512 mib 0.536870912 gb 512 mebibyte (five hundred and twelve) is equal to 0.536870912 gigabyte (zero point five hundred and thirty-six million eight hundred and seventy thousand nine hundred and twelve) 1024 mib 1.073741824 gb 1024 mebibyte (one thousand and twenty-four) is equal to 1.073741824 gigabyte (one point zero × 1 seventy-three million seven hundred and forty-one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four) 2048 mib 2.147483648 gb 2048 mebibyte (two thousand and forty-eight) is equal to 2.147483648 gigabyte (two point one hundred and forty-seven million four hundred and eighty-three thousand six hundred and forty-eight) 4096 mib 4.294967296 gb 4096 mebibyte (four thousand and ninety-six) is equal to 4.294967296 gigabyte (four point two hundred and ninety-four million nine hundred and sixty-seven thousand two hundred and ninety-six) 8192 mib 8.589934592 gb 8192 mebibyte (eight thousand one hundred and ninety-two) is equal to 8.589934592 gigabyte (eight point five hundred and eighty-nine million nine hundred and thirty-four thousand five hundred and ninety-two) ### Convert Mebibyte to other units mib System Description 9000 mib 75497472000 bit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 75497472000 bit (seventy-five billion four hundred and ninety-seven million four hundred and seventy-two thousand) 9000 mib 9437184000 b 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 9437184000 byte (nine billion four hundred and thirty-seven million one hundred and eighty-four thousand) 9000 mib 9437184 kb 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 9437184 kilobyte (nine million four hundred and thirty-seven thousand one hundred and eighty-four) 9000 mib 9437.184 mb 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 9437.184 megabyte (nine thousand four hundred and thirty-seven point one hundred and eighty-four) 9000 mib 9.437184 gb 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 9.437184 gigabyte (nine point four hundred and thirty-seven thousand one hundred and eighty-four) 9000 mib 0.009437184 tb 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 0.009437184 terabyte (zero point zero × 2 nine million four hundred and thirty-seven thousand one hundred and eighty-four) 9000 mib 9216000 kib 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 9216000 kibibyte (nine million two hundred and sixteen thousand) 9000 mib 8.7890625 gib 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 8.7890625 gibibyte (eight point seven million eight hundred and ninety thousand six hundred and twenty-five) 9000 mib 0.00858306884765625 tib 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 0.00858306884765625 tebibyte (zero point zero × 2 eight hundred and fifty-eight trillion three hundred and six billion eight hundred and eighty-four million seven hundred and sixty-five thousand six hundred and twenty-five) 9000 mib 75497472 kbit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 75497472 kilobit (seventy-five million four hundred and ninety-seven thousand four hundred and seventy-two) 9000 mib 75497.472 mbit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 75497.472 megabit (seventy-five thousand four hundred and ninety-seven point four hundred and seventy-two) 9000 mib 75.497472 gbit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 75.497472 gigabit (seventy-five point four hundred and ninety-seven thousand four hundred and seventy-two) 9000 mib 0.075497472 tbit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 0.075497472 terabit (zero point zero × 1 seventy-five million four hundred and ninety-seven thousand four hundred and seventy-two) 9000 mib 73728000 kibit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 73728000 kibibit (seventy-three million seven hundred and twenty-eight thousand) 9000 mib 72000 mibit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 72000 mebibit (seventy-two thousand) 9000 mib 70.3125 gibit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 70.3125 gibibit (seventy point three thousand one hundred and twenty-five) 9000 mib 0.06866455078125 tibit 9000 mebibyte (nine thousand) is equal to 0.06866455078125 tebibit (zero point zero × 1 six trillion eight hundred and sixty-six billion four hundred and fifty-five million seventy-eight thousand one hundred and twenty-five)

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https://documen.tv/question/what-is-the-quotient-of-1-4-divided-dy-4-22208773-2/

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## what is the quotient of 1/4 divided dy 4 Question what is the quotient of 1/4 divided dy 4 in progress 0 2 weeks 2021-09-05T09:36:12+00:00 2 Answers 0 views 0 1/4 Step-by-step explanation: 1 divided by 4 is 1/4, or 0.25

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https://pubs.nctm.org/browse?pageSize=10&sort=datedescending&t_1=math-topic&t_2=geometry_1&t_3=teach-learn-instruction

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# Browse ## You are looking at 1 - 10 of 83 items for : • Math Topic • Shapes • Teaching and Learning Instruction • Refine by Access: All content Clear All Restricted access ## Math Chat Opportunities Abound! This article describes how fortuitous mathematical moments should be noticed, encouraged, embraced, and capitalized upon. Restricted access ## Developing Property-Based Geometric Reasoning Recognizing the complex nature of students’ geometric reasoning, we present guidelines and suggestions for implementing a Guess My Shape minilesson that focuses students’ attention on properties and attributes of geometric shapes. Restricted access ## Student Engagement with the “Into Math Graph" Tool We introduce the Into Math Graph tool, which students use to graph how “into" mathematics they are over time. Using this tool can help teachers foster conversations with students and design experiences that focus on engagement from the student’s perspective. Restricted access ## Odd Shape Out ### big solutions to little problems Solutions to a previous Solve It problem are discussed, and the procedures used with problem solving are explored. Restricted access ## Calendar and Solutions – August 2014 A set of problems of many types. Restricted access ## Palette of Problems A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels. Restricted access ## Media Clips: Mosquitoes; Pythagorean Baseball Students analyze items from the media to answer mathematical questions related to the article. This month's clips examine why raindrops do not crush mosquitoes and feature an application of the Pythagorean theorem to baseball. The mathematics involved includes dimensional analysis, ratio and proportion, and the Pythagorean theorem. Restricted access ## Palette of Problems – May 2014 A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels. Restricted access ## Reader Reflections – May 2014 Readers comment on published articles or offer their own ideas. Restricted access ## Pattern-Block Puzzlers Postscript items are designed as rich “grab-and-go” resources that any teacher could quickly incorporate into his or her classroom repertoire with little effort and maximum impact. The current article shares ideas for using Pattern Blocks to increase students' creativity and problem solving skills while extending their understanding of geometric reasoning and number sense.

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http://gmatclub.com/forum/please-show-me-the-way-to-solve-this-type-of-math-122513.html?fl=similar

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Find all School-related info fast with the new School-Specific MBA Forum It is currently 01 May 2016, 08:39 ### GMAT Club Daily Prep #### Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email. Customized for You we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History Track every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance Practice Pays we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History # Events & Promotions ###### Events & Promotions in June Open Detailed Calendar # Please Show me the way to solve this type of math.... Author Message TAGS: ### Hide Tags Intern Joined: 27 Sep 2011 Posts: 17 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 31 [0], given: 9 Please Show me the way to solve this type of math.... [#permalink] ### Show Tags 28 Oct 2011, 23:06 00:00 Difficulty: (N/A) Question Stats: 33% (00:00) correct 67% (01:30) wrong based on 5 sessions ### HideShow timer Statictics In a nationwide poll, P people were asked 2 questions. In 2/5 answered “yes” to question 1, and of those 1/3 also answered yes to question 2, which of the following represents the number of people polled who did not answer “yes” to both questions ? a) 11/13 b) 3/16 c) 13/15 d) 2/15 e) None of these _________________ All I want to be A Self-made Man Manager Joined: 21 Aug 2010 Posts: 189 Location: United States GMAT 1: 700 Q49 V35 Followers: 2 Kudos [?]: 77 [0], given: 141 Re: Please Show me the way to solve this type of math.... [#permalink] ### Show Tags 29 Oct 2011, 00:22 In a nationwide poll, P people were asked 2 questions. In that 2/5 answered “yes” to question 1, and of those 1/3 also answered yes to question 2, which of the following represents the number of people polled who did not answer “yes” to both questions ? a) 11/13 b) 3/16 c) 13/15 d) 2/15 e) None of these People answered Yes to Q1 = 2/5 People who answered Yes to Q2 = 1/3 of people who answered yes to Q1 (People who answered Yes to both Questions) = 1/3(2/5) 2/15 So People who did not answer Yes to both Questions = People participated in the poll - People who answered Yes to both Questions =1-2/15 =13/15 _________________ ------------------------------------- Intern Joined: 24 Oct 2011 Posts: 4 Location: India Concentration: Entrepreneurship, Strategy Schools: Indian School of Business (ISB) - Class of 2009 GMAT 1: 780 Q50 V47 Followers: 1 Kudos [?]: 5 [0], given: 0 Re: Please Show me the way to solve this type of math.... [#permalink] ### Show Tags 29 Oct 2011, 01:04 In a nationwide poll, P people were asked 2 questions. In 2/5 answered “yes” to question 1, and of those 1/3 also answered yes to question 2, which of the following represents the number of people polled who did not answer “yes” to both questions ? a) 11/13 b) 3/16 c) 13/15 d) 2/15 e) None of these If you are not comfortable with algebra, you can substitute suitable values in place of variables. Let's say p = 30 (i.e. only 30 people were surveyed) Out of these 30, 2/5 said 'yes' to Q1. This implies 2/5*30 = 12 said 'Yes' and thus 18 said 'No' Out of these 12, 1/3 said 'yes' to Q2 as well. This implies 1/3*12 = 4 said 'yes' to both Q1 and Q2. Thus the remaining 26 people would not have said "yes" to both questions and our ratio is 26/30 = 13/15 Hence (C) Intern Joined: 27 Sep 2011 Posts: 17 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 31 [0], given: 9 Re: Please Show me the way to solve this type of math.... [#permalink] ### Show Tags 29 Oct 2011, 04:01 Thanks both of you.... _________________ All I want to be A Self-made Man Current Student Joined: 21 Aug 2010 Posts: 210 Followers: 2 Kudos [?]: 15 [0], given: 28 Re: Please Show me the way to solve this type of math.... [#permalink] ### Show Tags 29 Oct 2011, 05:37 Nice way to solve it Nirav Manager Status: livin on a prayer!! Joined: 12 May 2011 Posts: 124 Location: Australia Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 22 [0], given: 1 Re: Please Show me the way to solve this type of math.... [#permalink] ### Show Tags 29 Oct 2011, 18:50 My working is: 2/5(1/3) = 2/15 ppl who answer yes to both So people who don't answer yes to both = 1/2/15 = 13/15 However..I was a bit confused at first. How do we know that the people who answer NO to the first question won't say YES to the second question? Is that because "and of those 1/3 also answered yes to question 2" so we can assume only the 2/5 who said yes to the first question are the only peopel who say YES to the second question? Haha thanks giving a answer and asking a question...any thoughts anyone? Thanks! _________________ Aim for the sky! (800 in this case) If you like my post, please give me Kudos Re: Please Show me the way to solve this type of math....   [#permalink] 29 Oct 2011, 18:50 Similar topics Replies Last post Similar Topics: 1 Help me solving this type of PS math.. 3 28 Oct 2011, 23:02 Please solve these 3 20 Oct 2010, 06:00 What is fastest way to solve this type of problem 2 16 Oct 2010, 00:23 1 gmatpret..help me solve this 5 03 Jul 2010, 06:48 Display posts from previous: Sort by

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## Wednesday, January 16, 2013 ### 871 871 = 13 x 67. 871 = 4! + 5! + 3! + 6! + 1! and 45,361 = 8! + 7! + 1! 871 is 31213 in base 4. 871 is a central, polygonal number (A002061). It is also a tridecagonal number (A051865). 871 has the representation 2533 + 7. 871 is a divisor of 662 - 1. Source: On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

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# Question Video: Finding the Energy Dissipated by Damping of Simple Harmonic Motion If a car has a suspension system with a force constant of 5.00 × 10⁴ N/m, how much energy must the car’s shocks remove to dampen an oscillation starting with a maximum displacement of 0.0750 m? 02:09 ### Video Transcript If a car has a suspension system with a force constant of 5.00 times 10 to the fourth newtons per meter, how much energy must the car’s shocks remove to dampen an oscillation starting with a maximum displacement of 0.0750 meters? In this problem statement, we’re told the force constant, which we’ll call 𝑘, is 5.00 times 10 to the fourth newtons per meter. And we’re also told the maximum displacement of oscillation, which we’ll call 𝑥 sub max, is 0.0750 meters. We’re asked to solve for the energy the car’s shocks must remove. We’ll call this energy capital 𝐸. Because these shocks are made of springs, the energy that the shocks must remove is in fact spring energy. So to solve for this value, let’s recall the equation for the potential energy stored in a spring. The energy stored in a spring is equal to one-half the spring constant, 𝑘, multiplied by its displacement from equilibrium, 𝑥 squared. If we apply this equation to our scenario, the energy that the car’s shocks need to remove, capital 𝐸, is equal to half the force constant multiplied by 𝑥 max squared. We’re given 𝑘 and 𝑥 sub max. 𝑘 is 5.00 times 10 to the fourth newtons per meter, and 𝑥 max is 0.0750 meters. Plugging these values into our equation, we find that the energy that the car’s shocks must remove is equal to 141 joules, to three significant figures. That’s how much energy is needed to dampen this oscillation.

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http://nasawavelength.org/resource-search?mathStandards=true&facetSort=1&educationalLevel=Elementary+school

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## Narrow Search Audience Elementary school Topics Earth and space science Resource Type [-] View more... Learning Time Materials Cost Instructional Strategies [-] View more... SMD Forum Filters: Your search found 150 results. Math Standards: Yes Educational Level: Elementary school Sort by: Per page: Now showing results 1-10 of 150 # Mars Image Analysis Students analyze and interpret the accompanying large-format images of Mars taken by NASA’s Mars Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) camera. The analysis involves identifying geologic features, calibrating the size of those features, and... (View More) # Vertical Challenge In this activity, students create a scale model depicting the vertical distance from Earth’s surface to various features and objects, including Earth’s atmospheric layers, the Van Allen Radiation Belts, and geocentric satellites. Students also... (View More) # Exploring Planetary Moons This is a collection of mathematics problems relating to the moons of the solar system. Learners will use simple proportional relationships and work with fractions to study the relative sizes of the larger moons in our solar system, and explore how... (View More) # Space Math IX This collection of activities is based on a weekly series of space science mathematics problems distributed during the 2012-2013 school year. They were intended for students looking for additional challenges in the math and physical science... (View More) # Expedition Earth and Beyond: Student Scientist Guidebook This program uses NASA data and resources to promote authentic classroom research experiences. These two complementary guides lead students through the process of conducting their own inquiry-based research on an Earth-focused topic. In their... (View More) # MRC: Research Tools and Skills (Grades 3-5) This is a lesson about research tools and skills. Learners will explore the features of Mars through a demonstration of Google Earth Mars, gather, and analyze data from multiple sources on the internet as well as print sources, develop and use... (View More) Audience: Elementary school Materials Cost: Free # Model of the MMS Satellite In this lesson, learners will construct a 3D scale model of one of the MMS satellites. After, they will calculate the octagonal area of the top and bottom of the satellites, given the measurements of the satellite. Then, learners will compare the... (View More) # MRC: Construct Mock-Up (Grades 3-5) Learners will construct a mock-up of a planetary surface rover. They begin by exploring the importance of engineering in our society, and work as a team to build a prototype of the team's rover using student science notebooks and team sketches as a... (View More) # MRC: How Do I Measure This? (Grades 3-5) This is a lesson about measurement and cratering. Learners will read about the origin of the foot as a standardized unit of measure, work collaboratively to conduct an experiment about cratering, and collect and record data to draw logical and... (View More) # Project Summary MMS Tic-Tac-Toe This is the culminating lesson in the MMS Mission Educator's Instructional Guide. Learners will choose and complete three activities about the MMS mission. Activity formats can include creating videos, composing songs, developing written materials,... (View More) «Previous Page12345 15 Next Page»

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# How Create Spatially Balanced Points works Geostatistical Analyst のライセンスで利用可能。 There are many considerations to take into account when designing a sampling network. Some designs can be found here: An introduction to sampling monitoring networks. Spatially balanced designs, in particular, are constructed to improve the efficiency of estimated values by maximizing spatial independence among sample locations (Theobald et al. 2007). They also lead to more efficient sampling by providing more information per sample unit as every sample is distributed across the population. Note that these comments refer to statistical efficiency, which is one of several criteria that could be applied to a sampling design. A different measure of efficiency may be that of optimal semivariogram estimation, which usually requires samples to be taken at varying distances from one another, and often clustered samples are used to determine the nugget value more accurately (see Warrick and Myers 1987 for an optimization algorithm with semivariogram fitting criteria in mind). The Create Spatially Balanced Points tool was developed based on the algorithm proposed by Theobald et al. (2007), which is based in part on the method developed by Stevens and Olsen (2004). The method is based on the following: • The Reverse Randomized Quadrant-Recursive Raster (RRQRR) algorithm is used to map 2D space into a 1D space in which successive samples constitute a spatially balanced sampling design. • Unequal inclusion probabilities are used to handle variations in sampling intensity. Inclusion probabilities are relative values (between 0 and 1, inclusive) which specify the probability that a location (raster cell) will be selected relative to other locations. The input to the tool is a raster that simultaneously defines the following: • The maximum enclosing rectangle for the analysis • The inclusion probabilities (locations in the study area have nonnull, greater than 0 inclusion probabilities) • The sample frame (study area) • The finest resolution at which the sample locations will be generated The resulting spatially balanced design has the following properties: • Low variance in the area of the Voronoi polygons generated from the sample sites (in other words, each sample point represents roughly the same proportion of the total study area). • Flexibility, so that changes in time, accessibility to sample sites, budget, and so forth, can be used to update the sample locations. This requires that the randomization process mentioned above be controlled and repeatable—which is achieved by setting the seed value for the random number generator. A seed value of 0 will produce unrepeatable (new) output each time the tool is run. Use of a fixed seed value greater than 0 will produce repeatable results and can be used to increase or decrease the number of sample points without compromising the spatial balance of the design. For best results, Theobald et al. (2007) recommend that the number of samples be less than 1 percent of all the possible sample locations in the study area. References: 1. Stevens, D.L., and A.R. Olsen. 2004. "Spatially balanced sampling of natural resources."Journal of the American Statistical Association 99 (465): 262–278. 2. Theobald, D.M., D.L. Stevens, Jr., D. White, N.S. Urquhart, A.R. Olsen, and J.B. Norman. 2007. "Using GIS to Generate Spatially Balanced Random Survey Designs for Natural Resource Applications."Environmental Management 40: 134–146. 3. Warrick, A.W., and D.E. Myers. 1987. "Optimization of sampling locations for variogram calculations."Water Resources Research 23 (3): 496–500.

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When perception what men and women for your life, your next step in order to use recognize where, how and under what circumstances your goals might be possible in point of fact. That’s why making predictions for upcoming is needed implementing how well you see. The moral of this lesson is, you are clueless 100% may happen. Perhaps you have a 60% accurate prediction with the items will happen – but if what find in that 60% is not too big of a package for you, just take the plunge the way it might work in your favor. Like other lottery prediction programs that are around out previously market, the Powerball Lottery Software programs should only serve to help the player in making his or her selections. They do not guarantee an instant win assistance to a game of probabilities. Therefore, the player should only use these forms of software to handle the associated with his winning the Powerball Lottery. You have so creating on ways to approach lottery games. A person just blindly buy quick pick tickets and let fate have its way with the public. How has that developed over many years? Another few of favorite filters that these Pick 3 Number Generators use would be the Odd/Even filter and the High/Low sieve. Pengabdi Togel is not the only choice. There are many other lottery brands. With the odd /even filter the lottery player wants to attempt to reach an account balance between the odd digits [1, 3, 5, 7, & 9] and the even digits [0, 2, 4, 6, & 8]. With the high/low filter the same lottery player looks to balance appeal of soy numbers [5, 6, 7, 8, & 9] as well as the low numbers [0, 1, 2, 3, & 4]. Now the Pick 3 player feels confident that using these filters he has generated subsequent balanced associated with numbers from those three filters [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 9]. Have more the defined hot/cold filtered digits, the guitar player has an account balance of three odd digits and three even digits as well as 3 low digits and 3 high numbers. All of this seems to be be right and correct and the procedure moves forward now to calculate and provide a list of numbers believe for participate in the Pick 3 lottery. Fourth, observe the winning habits. Statistics have shown that pulls with all even numbers have a higher chance of winning the lottery. If you want to possess a 50% winning chance, then you can certainly can elapse having both even and odd numbers equally. Another pattern that would need to take note is with both small and big numbers in your lottery ticket. It is not common for the people winning numbers to be small or big amounts. So, to enhance your chances to get a windfall guaranteed, method is with both even and odd numbers, with both small, and big volume. There are some types of wheel. The whole wheel provides the most involving numbers to have chosen. As such, provides you the biggest chance november 23 the lotto. That is also why it is more expensive than the opposite types of lottery bring. The one-fifth of households with the cheapest financial assets held, by far, togel the greatest consumer debts, most of those unsecured (mainly credit card debt). After getting this work done, lets compare the 10 points of this intervals curve with every set of 10 points of our curve, read the Correlation function for every 2 compared sets, to find the group of 10 points, that best matches the 10 points of this intervals shape.

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0 # What is 2.84 in form? Updated: 9/27/2023 Wiki User 5y ago Be notified when an answer is posted Earn +20 pts Q: What is 2.84 in form? Submit Still have questions? Related questions ### What is 284 percent in decimal form? 284 percent is 2.84 ### What is 284 in simplest form? The prime factorization of 284 is 22 x 71. 0.284 71/250 1.05284e5 34/71 0.284 284=CCLXXXIV ### What is 1284303705 in short word form? 1 billion 284 million 303 thousand 705 ### What are the factors of 284? factors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, 142, 284 157-284 = -127 ### What is the GCF of 284? You need at least two numbers to find a GCF.

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Metamath Proof Explorer < Previous   Next > Nearby theorems Mirrors  >  Home  >  MPE Home  >  Th. List  >  omsmo Structured version   Unicode version Theorem omsmo 6889 Description: A strictly monotonic ordinal function on the set of natural numbers is one-to-one. (Contributed by NM, 30-Nov-2003.) (Revised by David Abernethy, 1-Jan-2014.) Assertion Ref Expression omsmo Distinct variable group:   , Allowed substitution hint:   () Proof of Theorem omsmo Dummy variables are mutually distinct and distinct from all other variables. StepHypRef Expression 1 simplr 732 . 2 2 omsmolem 6888 . . . . . . . . 9 32adantl 453 . . . . . . . 8 43imp 419 . . . . . . 7 5 omsmolem 6888 . . . . . . . . 9 65adantr 452 . . . . . . . 8 76imp 419 . . . . . . 7 84, 7orim12d 812 . . . . . 6 98ancoms 440 . . . . 5 109con3d 127 . . . 4 11 ffvelrn 5860 . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 ssel 3334 . . . . . . . . . . 11 1311, 12syl5 30 . . . . . . . . . 10 1413expdimp 427 . . . . . . . . 9 15 eloni 4583 . . . . . . . . 9 1614, 15syl6 31 . . . . . . . 8 17 ffvelrn 5860 . . . . . . . . . . 11 18 ssel 3334 . . . . . . . . . . 11 1917, 18syl5 30 . . . . . . . . . 10 2019expdimp 427 . . . . . . . . 9 21 eloni 4583 . . . . . . . . 9 2220, 21syl6 31 . . . . . . . 8 2316, 22anim12d 547 . . . . . . 7 2423imp 419 . . . . . 6 25 ordtri3 4609 . . . . . 6 2624, 25syl 16 . . . . 5 2726adantlr 696 . . . 4 28 nnord 4845 . . . . . 6 29 nnord 4845 . . . . . 6 30 ordtri3 4609 . . . . . 6 3128, 29, 30syl2an 464 . . . . 5 3231adantl 453 . . . 4 3310, 27, 323imtr4d 260 . . 3 3433ralrimivva 2790 . 2 35 dff13 5996 . 2 361, 34, 35sylanbrc 646 1 Colors of variables: wff set class Syntax hints:   wn 3   wi 4   wb 177   wo 358   wa 359   wceq 1652   wcel 1725  wral 2697   wss 3312   word 4572  con0 4573   csuc 4575  com 4837  wf 5442  wf1 5443  cfv 5446 This theorem is referenced by:  unblem4  7354 This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-1 5  ax-2 6  ax-3 7  ax-mp 8  ax-gen 1555  ax-5 1566  ax-17 1626  ax-9 1666  ax-8 1687  ax-13 1727  ax-14 1729  ax-6 1744  ax-7 1749  ax-11 1761  ax-12 1950  ax-ext 2416  ax-sep 4322  ax-nul 4330  ax-pr 4395  ax-un 4693 This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 178  df-or 360  df-an 361  df-3or 937  df-3an 938  df-tru 1328  df-ex 1551  df-nf 1554  df-sb 1659  df-eu 2284  df-mo 2285  df-clab 2422  df-cleq 2428  df-clel 2431  df-nfc 2560  df-ne 2600  df-ral 2702  df-rex 2703  df-rab 2706  df-v 2950  df-sbc 3154  df-dif 3315  df-un 3317  df-in 3319  df-ss 3326  df-pss 3328  df-nul 3621  df-if 3732  df-pw 3793  df-sn 3812  df-pr 3813  df-tp 3814  df-op 3815  df-uni 4008  df-br 4205  df-opab 4259  df-tr 4295  df-eprel 4486  df-id 4490  df-po 4495  df-so 4496  df-fr 4533  df-we 4535  df-ord 4576  df-on 4577  df-lim 4578  df-suc 4579  df-om 4838  df-xp 4876  df-rel 4877  df-cnv 4878  df-co 4879  df-dm 4880  df-rn 4881  df-iota 5410  df-fun 5448  df-fn 5449  df-f 5450  df-f1 5451  df-fv 5454 Copyright terms: Public domain W3C validator

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#### Sample records for positive linear correlation 1. Correlation and simple linear regression. Science.gov (United States) Zou, Kelly H; Tuncali, Kemal; Silverman, Stuart G 2003-06-01 In this tutorial article, the concepts of correlation and regression are reviewed and demonstrated. The authors review and compare two correlation coefficients, the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman rho, for measuring linear and nonlinear relationships between two continuous variables. In the case of measuring the linear relationship between a predictor and an outcome variable, simple linear regression analysis is conducted. These statistical concepts are illustrated by using a data set from published literature to assess a computed tomography-guided interventional technique. These statistical methods are important for exploring the relationships between variables and can be applied to many radiologic studies. 2. Stanford Linear Collider magnet positioning International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Wand, B.T. 1991-08-01 For the installation of the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) the positioning and alignment of the beam line components was performed in several individual steps. In the following the general procedures for each step are outlined. The calculation of ideal coordinates for the magnets in the entire SLC will be discussed in detail. Special emphasis was given to the mathematical algorithms and geometry used in the programs to calculate these ideal positions. 35 refs., 21 figs 3. Linear positivity and virtual probability International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hartle, James B. 2004-01-01 We investigate the quantum theory of closed systems based on the linear positivity decoherence condition of Goldstein and Page. The objective of any quantum theory of a closed system, most generally the universe, is the prediction of probabilities for the individual members of sets of alternative coarse-grained histories of the system. Quantum interference between members of a set of alternative histories is an obstacle to assigning probabilities that are consistent with the rules of probability theory. A quantum theory of closed systems therefore requires two elements: (1) a condition specifying which sets of histories may be assigned probabilities and (2) a rule for those probabilities. The linear positivity condition of Goldstein and Page is the weakest of the general conditions proposed so far. Its general properties relating to exact probability sum rules, time neutrality, and conservation laws are explored. Its inconsistency with the usual notion of independent subsystems in quantum mechanics is reviewed. Its relation to the stronger condition of medium decoherence necessary for classicality is discussed. The linear positivity of histories in a number of simple model systems is investigated with the aim of exhibiting linearly positive sets of histories that are not decoherent. The utility of extending the notion of probability to include values outside the range of 0-1 is described. Alternatives with such virtual probabilities cannot be measured or recorded, but can be used in the intermediate steps of calculations of real probabilities. Extended probabilities give a simple and general way of formulating quantum theory. The various decoherence conditions are compared in terms of their utility for characterizing classicality and the role they might play in further generalizations of quantum mechanics 4. Positive Quasi Linear Operator Formulation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Berry, L.A.; Jaeger, E.F. 2005-01-01 Expressions for the RF quasi-linear operator are biquadratic sums over the Fourier modes (or FLR equivalent) that describe the RF electric field with a kernel that is a function of the two wave vectors, k-vector L and k-vector R , in the sum. As a result of either an implicit or explicit average over field lines or flux surfaces, this kernel only depends on one parallel wave vector, conventionally k R -vector. When k-vector is an independent component of the representation for E, the sums are demonstrably positive. However, except for closed field line systems, k-vector is dependent on the local direction of the equilibrium magnetic field, and, empirically, the absorbed energy and quasi-linear diffusion coefficients are observed to have negative features. We have formally introduced an independent k-vector sum by Fourier transforming the RF electric field (assuming straight field lines) using a field-line-length coordinate. The resulting expression is positive. We have modeled this approach by calculating the quasi linear operator for 'modes' with fixed k-vector. We form these modes by discretizing k-vector and then assigning all of the Fourier components with k-vectorthat fall within a given k-vector bin to that k-vector mode. Results will be shown as a function of the number of bins. Future work will involve implementing the expressions derived from the Fourier transform and evaluating the dependence on field line length 5. Linear quadratic optimization for positive LTI system Science.gov (United States) Muhafzan, Yenti, Syafrida Wirma; Zulakmal 2017-05-01 Nowaday the linear quadratic optimization subject to positive linear time invariant (LTI) system constitute an interesting study considering it can become a mathematical model of variety of real problem whose variables have to nonnegative and trajectories generated by these variables must be nonnegative. In this paper we propose a method to generate an optimal control of linear quadratic optimization subject to positive linear time invariant (LTI) system. A sufficient condition that guarantee the existence of such optimal control is discussed. 6. Correlation of results obtained by in-vivo optical spectroscopy with measured blood oxygen saturation using a positive linear regression fit Science.gov (United States) McCormick, Patrick W.; Lewis, Gary D.; Dujovny, Manuel; Ausman, James I.; Stewart, Mick; Widman, Ronald A. 1992-05-01 Near infrared light generated by specialized instrumentation was passed through artificially oxygenated human blood during simultaneous sampling by a co-oximeter. Characteristic absorption spectra were analyzed to calculate the ratio of oxygenated to reduced hemoglobin. A positive linear regression fit between diffuse transmission oximetry and measured blood oxygenation over the range 23% to 99% (r2 equals .98, p signal was observed in the patient over time. The procedure was able to be performed clinically without difficulty; rSO2 values recorded continuously demonstrate the usefulness of the technique. Using the same instrumentation, arterial input and cerebral response functions, generated by IV tracer bolus, were deconvoluted to measure mean cerebral transit time. Date collected over time provided a sensitive index of changes in cerebral blood flow as a result of therapeutic maneuvers. 7. Correlations and Non-Linear Probability Models DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Breen, Richard; Holm, Anders; Karlson, Kristian Bernt 2014-01-01 the dependent variable of the latent variable model and its predictor variables. We show how this correlation can be derived from the parameters of non-linear probability models, develop tests for the statistical significance of the derived correlation, and illustrate its usefulness in two applications. Under......Although the parameters of logit and probit and other non-linear probability models are often explained and interpreted in relation to the regression coefficients of an underlying linear latent variable model, we argue that they may also be usefully interpreted in terms of the correlations between...... certain circumstances, which we explain, the derived correlation provides a way of overcoming the problems inherent in cross-sample comparisons of the parameters of non-linear probability models.... 8. a Continuous-Time Positive Linear System Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Kyungsup Kim 2013-01-01 Full Text Available This paper discusses a computational method to construct positive realizations with sparse matrices for continuous-time positive linear systems with multiple complex poles. To construct a positive realization of a continuous-time system, we use a Markov sequence similar to the impulse response sequence that is used in the discrete-time case. The existence of the proposed positive realization can be analyzed with the concept of a polyhedral convex cone. We provide a constructive algorithm to compute positive realizations with sparse matrices of some positive systems under certain conditions. A sufficient condition for the existence of a positive realization, under which the proposed constructive algorithm works well, is analyzed. 9. Robustness of quantum correlations against linear noise International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Guo, Zhihua; Cao, Huaixin; Qu, Shixian 2016-01-01 Relative robustness of quantum correlations (RRoQC) of a bipartite state is firstly introduced relative to a classically correlated state. Robustness of quantum correlations (RoQC) of a bipartite state is then defined as the minimum of RRoQC of the state relative to all classically correlated ones. It is proved that as a function on quantum states, RoQC is nonnegative, lower semi-continuous and neither convex nor concave; especially, it is zero if and only if the state is classically correlated. Thus, RoQC not only quantifies the endurance of quantum correlations of a state against linear noise, but also can be used to distinguish between quantum and classically correlated states. Furthermore, the effects of local quantum channels on the robustness are explored and characterized. (paper) 10. Correlated Levy Noise in Linear Dynamical Systems International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Srokowski, T. 2011-01-01 Linear dynamical systems, driven by a non-white noise which has the Levy distribution, are analysed. Noise is modelled by a specific stochastic process which is defined by the Langevin equation with a linear force and the Levy distributed symmetric white noise. Correlation properties of the process are discussed. The Fokker-Planck equation driven by that noise is solved. Distributions have the Levy shape and their width, for a given time, is smaller than for processes in the white noise limit. Applicability of the adiabatic approximation in the case of the linear force is discussed. (author) 11. Neutrosophic Correlation and Simple Linear Regression Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) A. A. Salama 2014-09-01 Full Text Available Since the world is full of indeterminacy, the neutrosophics found their place into contemporary research. The fundamental concepts of neutrosophic set, introduced by Smarandache. Recently, Salama et al., introduced the concept of correlation coefficient of neutrosophic data. In this paper, we introduce and study the concepts of correlation and correlation coefficient of neutrosophic data in probability spaces and study some of their properties. Also, we introduce and study the neutrosophic simple linear regression model. Possible applications to data processing are touched upon. 12. Positivity of linear maps under tensor powers Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Müller-Hermes, Alexander, E-mail: muellerh@ma.tum.de; Wolf, Michael M., E-mail: m.wolf@tum.de [Zentrum Mathematik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching (Germany); Reeb, David, E-mail: reeb.qit@gmail.com [Zentrum Mathematik, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching (Germany); Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover (Germany) 2016-01-15 We investigate linear maps between matrix algebras that remain positive under tensor powers, i.e., under tensoring with n copies of themselves. Completely positive and completely co-positive maps are trivial examples of this kind. We show that for every n ∈ ℕ, there exist non-trivial maps with this property and that for two-dimensional Hilbert spaces there is no non-trivial map for which this holds for all n. For higher dimensions, we reduce the existence question of such non-trivial “tensor-stable positive maps” to a one-parameter family of maps and show that an affirmative answer would imply the existence of non-positive partial transpose bound entanglement. As an application, we show that any tensor-stable positive map that is not completely positive yields an upper bound on the quantum channel capacity, which for the transposition map gives the well-known cb-norm bound. We, furthermore, show that the latter is an upper bound even for the local operations and classical communications-assisted quantum capacity, and that moreover it is a strong converse rate for this task. 13. Positivity of linear maps under tensor powers International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Müller-Hermes, Alexander; Wolf, Michael M.; Reeb, David 2016-01-01 We investigate linear maps between matrix algebras that remain positive under tensor powers, i.e., under tensoring with n copies of themselves. Completely positive and completely co-positive maps are trivial examples of this kind. We show that for every n ∈ ℕ, there exist non-trivial maps with this property and that for two-dimensional Hilbert spaces there is no non-trivial map for which this holds for all n. For higher dimensions, we reduce the existence question of such non-trivial “tensor-stable positive maps” to a one-parameter family of maps and show that an affirmative answer would imply the existence of non-positive partial transpose bound entanglement. As an application, we show that any tensor-stable positive map that is not completely positive yields an upper bound on the quantum channel capacity, which for the transposition map gives the well-known cb-norm bound. We, furthermore, show that the latter is an upper bound even for the local operations and classical communications-assisted quantum capacity, and that moreover it is a strong converse rate for this task 14. Integral and Multidimensional Linear Distinguishers with Correlation Zero DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Bogdanov, Andrey; Leander, Gregor; Nyberg, Kaisa 2012-01-01 Zero-correlation cryptanalysis uses linear approximations holding with probability exactly 1/2. In this paper, we reveal fundamental links of zero-correlation distinguishers to integral distinguishers and multidimensional linear distinguishers. We show that an integral implies zero-correlation li...... weak key assumptions. © International Association for Cryptologic Research 2012.... 15. Local correlation detection with linearity enhancement in streaming data KAUST Repository Xie, Qing; Shang, Shuo; Yuan, Bo; Pang, Chaoyi; Zhang, Xiangliang 2013-01-01 -correlation calculation with time delay allowed. In addition, we introduce a shape-based similarity measure into the framework, which ref nes the results by representative trend patterns to enhance the signif cance of linearity. The similarity of proposed linear 16. Intelligence and Semen Quality Are Positively Correlated Science.gov (United States) Arden, Rosalind; Gottfredson, Linda S.; Miller, Geoffrey; Pierce, Arand 2009-01-01 Human cognitive abilities inter-correlate to form a positive matrix, from which a large first factor, called "Spearman's g" or general intelligence, can be extracted. General intelligence itself is correlated with many important health outcomes including cardio-vascular function and longevity. However, the important evolutionary question of… 17. EEG Correlates of Ten Positive Emotions. Science.gov (United States) Hu, Xin; Yu, Jianwen; Song, Mengdi; Yu, Chun; Wang, Fei; Sun, Pei; Wang, Daifa; Zhang, Dan 2017-01-01 Compared with the well documented neurophysiological findings on negative emotions, much less is known about positive emotions. In the present study, we explored the EEG correlates of ten different positive emotions (joy, gratitude, serenity, interest, hope, pride, amusement, inspiration, awe, and love). A group of 20 participants were invited to watch 30 short film clips with their EEGs simultaneously recorded. Distinct topographical patterns for different positive emotions were found for the correlation coefficients between the subjective ratings on the ten positive emotions per film clip and the corresponding EEG spectral powers in different frequency bands. Based on the similarities of the participants' ratings on the ten positive emotions, these emotions were further clustered into three representative clusters, as 'encouragement' for awe, gratitude, hope, inspiration, pride, 'playfulness' for amusement, joy, interest, and 'harmony' for love, serenity. Using the EEG spectral powers as features, both the binary classification on the higher and lower ratings on these positive emotions and the binary classification between the three positive emotion clusters, achieved accuracies of approximately 80% and above. To our knowledge, our study provides the first piece of evidence on the EEG correlates of different positive emotions. 18. Biostatistics Series Module 6: Correlation and Linear Regression. Science.gov (United States) Hazra, Avijit; Gogtay, Nithya 2016-01-01 Correlation and linear regression are the most commonly used techniques for quantifying the association between two numeric variables. Correlation quantifies the strength of the linear relationship between paired variables, expressing this as a correlation coefficient. If both variables x and y are normally distributed, we calculate Pearson's correlation coefficient ( r ). If normality assumption is not met for one or both variables in a correlation analysis, a rank correlation coefficient, such as Spearman's rho (ρ) may be calculated. A hypothesis test of correlation tests whether the linear relationship between the two variables holds in the underlying population, in which case it returns a P correlation coefficient can also be calculated for an idea of the correlation in the population. The value r 2 denotes the proportion of the variability of the dependent variable y that can be attributed to its linear relation with the independent variable x and is called the coefficient of determination. Linear regression is a technique that attempts to link two correlated variables x and y in the form of a mathematical equation ( y = a + bx ), such that given the value of one variable the other may be predicted. In general, the method of least squares is applied to obtain the equation of the regression line. Correlation and linear regression analysis are based on certain assumptions pertaining to the data sets. If these assumptions are not met, misleading conclusions may be drawn. The first assumption is that of linear relationship between the two variables. A scatter plot is essential before embarking on any correlation-regression analysis to show that this is indeed the case. Outliers or clustering within data sets can distort the correlation coefficient value. Finally, it is vital to remember that though strong correlation can be a pointer toward causation, the two are not synonymous. 19. On the linearity of cross-correlation delay times Science.gov (United States) Mercerat, E. D.; Nolet, G. 2012-12-01 We investigate the question whether a P-wave delay time Δ T estimated by locating the maximum of the cross-correlation function between data d(t) and a predicted test function s(t): γ (t) = ∫ t1t_2 s(τ ) d(τ -t) \\ {d}τ, provides an estimate of the Delta T that is (quasi-)linear with the relative velocity perturbation deltaln V_P}. Such linearity is intuitive if the data d(t) is an undeformed but delayed replica of the test signal, i.e. if d(t)=s(t-Delta T). Then the maximum of gamma (t) is shifted exactly by the delay Delta T, and linearity holds even for Delta T very large. In this case, we say that the body waves are in the ray theoretical regime and their delays, because of Fermat's Principle, depend quasi-linearly on the relative velocity (or slowness) perturbations deltaln V_P in the model. However, even if we correct for dispersion induced by the instrument response and by attenuation, body waves may show frequency dependent delay times that are caused by diffraction effects around lateral heterogeneities. It is not a-priori clear that linearity holds for Delta T, as is assumed in finite-frequency theory, if the waveforms of d(t) and s(t) differ substantially because of such dispersion. To test the linearity, we generate synthetic seismograms between two boreholes, and between the boreholes and the surface, in a 3D box of 200 × 120 × 120 m. The heterogeneity is a checkerboard with cubic anomalies of size 12 × 12 × 12 m. We test two different anomaly amplitudes: ± 2% and ± 5%, and measure Delta T using a test seismogram s(t) computed for an homogeneous medium. We also predict the delays for the 5% model from those in the 2% model by multiplying with 5/2. These predictions are in error by 10-20% of the delay, which is usually acceptable for tomography when compared with actual data errors. A slight bias in the prediction indicates that the Wielandt effect - the fact that negative delays suffer less wavefront healing than positive delays - is a 20. Reliability and Validity Assessment of a Linear Position Transducer Science.gov (United States) Garnacho-Castaño, Manuel V.; López-Lastra, Silvia; Maté-Muñoz, José L. 2015-01-01 The objectives of the study were to determine the validity and reliability of peak velocity (PV), average velocity (AV), peak power (PP) and average power (AP) measurements were made using a linear position transducer. Validity was assessed by comparing measurements simultaneously obtained using the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemi and T-Force Dynamic Measurement Systemr (Ergotech, Murcia, Spain) during two resistance exercises, bench press (BP) and full back squat (BS), performed by 71 trained male subjects. For the reliability study, a further 32 men completed both lifts using the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemz in two identical testing sessions one week apart (session 1 vs. session 2). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicating the validity of the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemi were high, with values ranging from 0.853 to 0.989. Systematic biases and random errors were low to moderate for almost all variables, being higher in the case of PP (bias ±157.56 W; error ±131.84 W). Proportional biases were identified for almost all variables. Test-retest reliability was strong with ICCs ranging from 0.922 to 0.988. Reliability results also showed minimal systematic biases and random errors, which were only significant for PP (bias -19.19 W; error ±67.57 W). Only PV recorded in the BS showed no significant proportional bias. The Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemi emerged as a reliable system for measuring movement velocity and estimating power in resistance exercises. The low biases and random errors observed here (mainly AV, AP) make this device a useful tool for monitoring resistance training. Key points This study determined the validity and reliability of peak velocity, average velocity, peak power and average power measurements made using a linear position transducer The Tendo Weight-lifting Analyzer Systemi emerged as a reliable system for measuring movement velocity and power. PMID:25729300 1. Phenotypic Correlations of Body Weight and Linear Body Traits in ... African Journals Online (AJOL) Data on 126 Sigmond strain of Japanese quail chicks consisting of 42 each of heavy, medium and low body weight lines were used to estimate phenotypic correlations (rp ) among body weight (BWT) and linear body traits at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age. The linear body traits considered were breast girth (BG), shank length (SL), ... 2. A linear evolution for non-linear dynamics and correlations in realistic nuclei International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Levin, E.; Lublinsky, M. 2004-01-01 A new approach to high energy evolution based on a linear equation for QCD generating functional is developed. This approach opens a possibility for systematic study of correlations inside targets, and, in particular, inside realistic nuclei. Our results are presented as three new equations. The first one is a linear equation for QCD generating functional (and for scattering amplitude) that sums the 'fan' diagrams. For the amplitude this equation is equivalent to the non-linear Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. The second equation is a generalization of the Balitsky-Kovchegov non-linear equation to interactions with realistic nuclei. It includes a new correlation parameter which incorporates, in a model-dependent way, correlations inside the nuclei. The third equation is a non-linear equation for QCD generating functional (and for scattering amplitude) that in addition to the 'fan' diagrams sums the Glauber-Mueller multiple rescatterings 3. Linear analysis of degree correlations in complex networks Many real-world networks such as the protein–protein interaction networks and metabolic networks often display nontrivial correlations between degrees of vertices connected by edges. Here, we analyse the statistical methods used usually to describe the degree correlation in the networks, and analytically give linear ... 4. Local correlation detection with linearity enhancement in streaming data KAUST Repository Xie, Qing 2013-01-01 This paper addresses the challenges in detecting the potential correlation between numerical data streams, which facilitates the research of data stream mining and pattern discovery. We focus on local correlation with delay, which may occur in burst at different time in different streams, and last for a limited period. The uncertainty on the correlation occurrence and the time delay make it diff cult to monitor the correlation online. Furthermore, the conventional correlation measure lacks the ability of ref ecting visual linearity, which is more desirable in reality. This paper proposes effective methods to continuously detect the correlation between data streams. Our approach is based on the Discrete Fourier Transform to make rapid cross-correlation calculation with time delay allowed. In addition, we introduce a shape-based similarity measure into the framework, which ref nes the results by representative trend patterns to enhance the signif cance of linearity. The similarity of proposed linear representations can quickly estimate the correlation, and the window sliding strategy in segment level improves the eff ciency for online detection. The empirical study demonstrates the accuracy of our detection approach, as well as more than 30% improvement of eff ciency. Copyright 2013 ACM. 5. Entanglement witnesses arising from exposed positive linear maps OpenAIRE Ha, Kil-Chan; Kye, Seung-Hyeok 2011-01-01 We consider entanglement witnesses arising from positive linear maps which generate exposed extremal rays. We show that every entanglement can be detected by one of these witnesses, and this witness detects a unique set of entanglement among those. Therefore, they provide a minimal set of witnesses to detect all entanglement in a sense. Furthermore, if those maps are indecomposable then they detect large classes of entanglement with positive partial transposes which have nonempty relative int... 6. Compressed Sensing with Linear Correlation Between Signal and Measurement Noise DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Arildsen, Thomas; Larsen, Torben 2014-01-01 reconstruction algorithms, but is not known in existing literature. The proposed technique reduces reconstruction error considerably in the case of linearly correlated measurements and noise. Numerical experiments confirm the efficacy of the technique. The technique is demonstrated with application to low......Existing convex relaxation-based approaches to reconstruction in compressed sensing assume that noise in the measurements is independent of the signal of interest. We consider the case of noise being linearly correlated with the signal and introduce a simple technique for improving compressed...... sensing reconstruction from such measurements. The technique is based on a linear model of the correlation of additive noise with the signal. The modification of the reconstruction algorithm based on this model is very simple and has negligible additional computational cost compared to standard... 7. Position sensor for linear synchronous motors employing halbach arrays Science.gov (United States) Post, Richard Freeman 2014-12-23 A position sensor suitable for use in linear synchronous motor (LSM) drive systems employing Halbach arrays to create their magnetic fields is described. The system has several advantages over previously employed ones, especially in its simplicity and its freedom from being affected by weather conditions, accumulated dirt, or electrical interference from the LSM system itself. 8. Ideal Convergence of k-Positive Linear Operators Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2012-01-01 Full Text Available We study some ideal convergence results of k-positive linear operators defined on an appropriate subspace of the space of all analytic functions on a bounded simply connected domain in the complex plane. We also show that our approximation results with respect to ideal convergence are more general than the classical ones. 9. Reliability and Validity Assessment of a Linear Position Transducer Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Manuel V. Garnacho-Castaño 2015-03-01 Full Text Available The objectives of the study were to determine the validity and reliability of peak velocity (PV, average velocity (AV, peak power (PP and average power (AP measurements were made using a linear position transducer. Validity was assessed by comparing measurements simultaneously obtained using the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemi and T-Force Dynamic Measurement Systemr (Ergotech, Murcia, Spain during two resistance exercises, bench press (BP and full back squat (BS, performed by 71 trained male subjects. For the reliability study, a further 32 men completed both lifts using the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemz in two identical testing sessions one week apart (session 1 vs. session 2. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs indicating the validity of the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemi were high, with values ranging from 0.853 to 0.989. Systematic biases and random errors were low to moderate for almost all variables, being higher in the case of PP (bias ±157.56 W; error ±131.84 W. Proportional biases were identified for almost all variables. Test-retest reliability was strong with ICCs ranging from 0.922 to 0.988. Reliability results also showed minimal systematic biases and random errors, which were only significant for PP (bias -19.19 W; error ±67.57 W. Only PV recorded in the BS showed no significant proportional bias. The Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer Systemi emerged as a reliable system for measuring movement velocity and estimating power in resistance exercises. The low biases and random errors observed here (mainly AV, AP make this device a useful tool for monitoring resistance training. 10. Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody: positivity and clinical correlation. Science.gov (United States) Martínez Téllez, Goitybell; Torres Rives, Bárbara; Rangel Velázquez, Suchiquil; Sánchez Rodríguez, Vicky; Ramos Ríos, María Antonia; Fuentes Smith, Lisset Evelyn 2015-01-01 To determine positivity and clinical correlation of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), taking into account the interference of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). A prospective study was conducted in the Laboratory of Immunology of the National Cuban Center of Medical Genetic during one year. Two hounded sixty-seven patients with indication for ANCA determination were included. ANCA and ANA determinations with different cut off points and assays were determined by indirect immunofluorescense. Anti proteinase 3 and antimyeloperoxidase antibodies were determined by ELISA. Most positivity for ANCA was seen in patients with ANCA associated, primary small-vessel vasculitides, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Presence of ANCA without positivity for proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase was higher in patients with ANA and little relation was observed between the perinuclear pattern confirmed in formalin and specificity by myeloperoxidase. Highest sensibility and specificity values for vasculitides diagnostic were achieved by ANCA determination using indirect immunofluorescense with a cut off 1/80 and confirming antigenic specificities with ELISA. ANCA can be present in a great number of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders in the population studied. This determination using indirect immunofluorescence and following by ELISA had a great value for vasculitis diagnosis. Anti mieloperoxidasa assay has a higher utility than the formalin assay when ANA is present. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved. 11. Links among impossible differential, integral and zero correlation linear cryptanalysis DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Sun, Bing; Liu, Zhiqiang; Rijmen, Vincent 2015-01-01 is to fix this gap and establish links between impossible differential cryptanalysis and integral cryptanalysis. Firstly, by introducing the concept of structure and dual structure, we prove that a → b is an impossible differential of a structure E if and only if it is a zero correlation linear hull...... linear hull always indicates the existence of an integral distinguisher. With this observation we improve the number of rounds of integral distinguishers of Feistel structures, CAST-256, SMS4 and Camellia. Finally, we conclude that an r-round impossible differential of E always leads to an r... 12. Linear micromechanical stepping drive for pinhole array positioning International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Endrödy, Csaba; Mehner, Hannes; Hoffmann, Martin; Grewe, Adrian 2015-01-01 A compact linear micromechanical stepping drive for positioning a 7 × 5.5 mm 2 optical pinhole array is presented. The system features a step size of 13.2 µm and a full displacement range of 200 µm. The electrostatic inch-worm stepping mechanism shows a compact design capable of positioning a payload 50% of its own weight. The stepping drive movement, step sizes and position accuracy are characterized. The actuated pinhole array is integrated in a confocal chromatic hyperspectral imaging system, where coverage of the object plane, and therefore the useful picture data, can be multiplied by 14 in contrast to a non-actuated array. (paper) 13. Linear and Nonlinear Multiset Canonical Correlation Analysis (invited talk) DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Hilger, Klaus Baggesen; Nielsen, Allan Aasbjerg; Larsen, Rasmus 2002-01-01 This paper deals with decompositioning of multiset data. Friedman's alternating conditional expectations (ACE) algorithm is extended to handle multiple sets of variables of different mixtures. The new algorithm finds estimates of the optimal transformations of the involved variables that maximize...... the sum of the pair-wise correlations over all sets. The new algorithm is termed multi-set ACE (MACE) and can find multiple orthogonal eigensolutions. MACE is a generalization of the linear multiset correlations analysis (MCCA). It handles multivariate multisets of arbitrary mixtures of both continuous... 14. Distributing Correlation Coefficients of Linear Structure-Activity/Property Models Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Sorana D. BOLBOACA 2011-12-01 Full Text Available Quantitative structure-activity/property relationships are mathematical relationships linking chemical structure and activity/property in a quantitative manner. These in silico approaches are frequently used to reduce animal testing and risk-assessment, as well as to increase time- and cost-effectiveness in characterization and identification of active compounds. The aim of our study was to investigate the pattern of correlation coefficients distribution associated to simple linear relationships linking the compounds structure with their activities. A set of the most common ordnance compounds found at naval facilities with a limited data set with a range of toxicities on aquatic ecosystem and a set of seven properties was studied. Statistically significant models were selected and investigated. The probability density function of the correlation coefficients was investigated using a series of possible continuous distribution laws. Almost 48% of the correlation coefficients proved fit Beta distribution, 40% fit Generalized Pareto distribution, and 12% fit Pert distribution. 15. A linear actuator for precision positioning of dual objects International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Peng, Yuxin; Cao, Jie; Guo, Zhao; Yu, Haoyong 2015-01-01 In this paper, a linear actuator for precision positioning of dual objects is proposed based on a double friction drive principle using a single piezoelectric element (PZT). The linear actuator consists of an electromagnet and a permanent magnet, which are connected by the PZT. The electromagnet serves as an object 1, and another object (object 2) is attached on the permanent magnet by the magnetic force. For positioning the dual objects independently, two different friction drive modes can be alternated by an on–off control of the electromagnet. When the electromagnet releases from the guide way, it can be driven by impact friction force generated by the PZT. Otherwise, when the electromagnet clamps on the guide way and remains stationary, the object 2 can be driven based on the principle of smooth impact friction drive. A prototype was designed and constructed and experiments were carried out to test the basic performance of the actuator. It has been verified that with a compact size of 31 mm (L) × 12 mm (W) × 8 mm (H), the two objects can achieve long strokes on the order of several millimeters and high resolutions of several tens of nanometers. Since the proposed actuator allows independent movement of two objects by a single PZT, the actuator has the potential to be constructed compactly. (paper) 16. Incomplete factorization technique for positive definite linear systems International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Manteuffel, T.A. 1980-01-01 This paper describes a technique for solving the large sparse symmetric linear systems that arise from the application of finite element methods. The technique combines an incomplete factorization method called the shifted incomplete Cholesky factorization with the method of generalized conjugate gradients. The shifted incomplete Cholesky factorization produces a splitting of the matrix A that is dependent upon a parameter α. It is shown that if A is positive definite, then there is some α for which this splitting is possible and that this splitting is at least as good as the Jacobi splitting. The method is shown to be more efficient on a set of test problems than either direct methods or explicit iteration schemes 17. Positive transfer operators and decay of correlations CERN Document Server 2000-01-01 Although individual orbits of chaotic dynamical systems are by definition unpredictable, the average behavior of typical trajectories can often be given a precise statistical description. Indeed, there often exist ergodic invariant measures with special additional features. For a given invariant measure, and a class of observables, the correlation functions tell whether (and how fast) the system "mixes", i.e. "forgets" its initial conditions.This book, addressed to mathematicians and mathematical (or mathematically inclined) physicists, shows how the powerful technology of transfer operators, 18. A Model for Positively Correlated Count Variables DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Møller, Jesper; Rubak, Ege Holger 2010-01-01 An α-permanental random field is briefly speaking a model for a collection of non-negative integer valued random variables with positive associations. Though such models possess many appealing probabilistic properties, many statisticians seem unaware of α-permanental random fields...... and their potential applications. The purpose of this paper is to summarize useful probabilistic results, study stochastic constructions and simulation techniques, and discuss some examples of α-permanental random fields. This should provide a useful basis for discussing the statistical aspects in future work.... 19. Linearized spectrum correlation analysis for line emission measurements. Science.gov (United States) Nishizawa, T; Nornberg, M D; Den Hartog, D J; Sarff, J S 2017-08-01 A new spectral analysis method, Linearized Spectrum Correlation Analysis (LSCA), for charge exchange and passive ion Doppler spectroscopy is introduced to provide a means of measuring fast spectral line shape changes associated with ion-scale micro-instabilities. This analysis method is designed to resolve the fluctuations in the emission line shape from a stationary ion-scale wave. The method linearizes the fluctuations around a time-averaged line shape (e.g., Gaussian) and subdivides the spectral output channels into two sets to reduce contributions from uncorrelated fluctuations without averaging over the fast time dynamics. In principle, small fluctuations in the parameters used for a line shape model can be measured by evaluating the cross spectrum between different channel groupings to isolate a particular fluctuating quantity. High-frequency ion velocity measurements (100-200 kHz) were made by using this method. We also conducted simulations to compare LSCA with a moment analysis technique under a low photon count condition. Both experimental and synthetic measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of LSCA. 20. Linear position sensitive neutron detector using fiber optic encoded scintillators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Davidson, P.L.; Wroe, H. 1983-01-01 A linear position sensitive slow neutron detector with 3 mm resolution is described. It uses the fiber optic coding principle in which the resolution elements are separate pieces of lithium loaded glass scintillator each coupled by means of flexible polymer optical fibers to a unique combination of 3 photo multipliers (PM's) out of a bank of 12. A decoder circuit repsponds to a triple coincidence between PM outputs and generates a 12 bit work which identifies the scintillator element which stopped the incident neutron. Some details of the construction and decoding electronics are given together with test results obtained using a laboratory isotope neutron source and a monochomated, collimated neutron beam from a reactor. The count rate in the absence of neutron sources is 2 to 3 c min - 1 per element; the element to element variation in response to a uniform flux is a few percent for 95% of the elements; the resolution as measured by a 1 mm wide prode neutron beam is 3 mm; the relative long term stability is about 0.1% over 3 days and the detection efficiency measured by comparison with an end windowed, high pressure gas counter is about 65% at a neutron wavelength of 0.9A 0 1. Eosinophil count is positively correlated with coronary artery calcification International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Tanaka, Muhei; Fukui, Michiaki; Yamasaki, Masahiro; Hasegawa, Goji; Oda, Yohei; Nakamura, Naoto; Tomiyasu, Ki-ichiro; Akabame, Satoshi; Nakano, Koji 2012-01-01 Recent studies suggested that allergic disorders and increased eosinophil count were associated with atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between eosinophil count and coronary artery calcification (CAC). We performed a cross-sectional study in 1363 consecutive participants with clinical suspicion of coronary heart disease (CHD). We evaluated the relationships between CAC score determined by multislice CT and peripheral eosinophil count as well as major cardiovascular risk factors, including age, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Sex (P=0.0004), hypertension (P=0.0002), dyslipidemia (P=0.0004) and DM (P=0.0061) were associated with log (CAC+1), respectively. Positive correlations were found between log (CAC+1), and age (r=0.325, P<0.0001) and eosinophil count (r=0.165, P<0.0001). Negative correlations were found between log (CAC+1) and eGFR (r=-0.166, P<0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that age (β=0.314, P<0.0001), sex (β=0.124, P<0.0001), hypertension (β=0.084, P=0.0008), DM (β=0.108, P<0.0001), eGFR (β=-0.079, P=0.0021) and eosinophil count (β=0.147, P<0.0001) were independent determinants of log (CAC+1). In conclusion, eosinophil count correlated positively with CAC in participants with clinical suspicion of CHD. (author) 2. Linear electrostatic micromotors for nano- and micro-positioning Science.gov (United States) Baginsky, I. L.; Kostsov, Edvard G. 2004-05-01 The functioning of the linear step electrostatic film micromotors with the short controlling pulse (less then 100-200 ´s) is studied to create nano- and micro-positioners. The theoretical study of the step movement of the given mass in this time frame is carried out. The results of the experimental studies of the multipetal reciprocal micromotors created on the basis of La modified Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6 ferroelectric films with 1-3 μm thickness are shown. The petals were made of beryllium bronze. It is shown that the electrostatic rolling can last less than 50 μs, and the process of separating two surfaces (the metal and the ferroelectric) can last less than 1 μs. These parameters allow one to operate the micromotor at 1-10 kHz frequency, and the propulsion force in the beginning (the first 20-100 μs) of the electrostatic rolling can be as high as 1-10 N per 1 mm2 of the rolling surface with the voltage pulse amplitude of 40-50 V. The possibility of obtaining moving plate (MP) step in the nanometer range is studied, as well as the precision of these steps during the continuous MP movement with the different clock frequencies and durations of the voltage pulses. The recommendations are given to improve the accuracy and the speed of the positioning in the nano- and micro-movement range. Possible fields of micromotor application are micromechanics, including precision micromechanics, microelectronics, microrobots, microoptics, microscanners, micropumps (e.g. in the jet printers), micro flying vehicles etc. 3. Habitual physical activity levels are positively correlated with CD4 ... African Journals Online (AJOL) Habitual physical activity levels are positively correlated with CD4 counts in an ... per month) and functional independence as assessed from the responses to the ... and between CD4 cell counts and total habitual physical activity levels (p ... 4. Genetic parameters and correlations among linear type traits in the ... African Journals Online (AJOL) user 2011-02-28 Feb 28, 2011 ... of Holstein heredity (BLD), respectively. The fixed effect of technician was denoted by TEC, the random effect of animal additive genetic effect and residual effects were shown by A and E, respectively. Each of the fixed effects was investigated via SAS software (proc Generalized Linear Model). In this study,. 5. Genetic parameters and correlations among linear type traits in the ... African Journals Online (AJOL) The main objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and relationships of 10 linear type traits in the first lactation of Holstein dairy cows. 3274 records for type traits was used (Ag, angularity; Sta, stature; Bdp, body depth; Rw, rump width; Rs, rear leg side view; Fa, foot angle; Fu, fore udder attachment; Ruh, ... 6. Performances of estimators of linear auto-correlated error model ... African Journals Online (AJOL) The performances of five estimators of linear models with autocorrelated disturbance terms are compared when the independent variable is exponential. The results reveal that for both small and large samples, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) compares favourably with the Generalized least Squares (GLS) estimators in ... 7. Linear response and correlation of a self-propelled particle in the presence of external fields Science.gov (United States) Caprini, Lorenzo; Marini Bettolo Marconi, Umberto; Vulpiani, Angelo 2018-03-01 We study the non-equilibrium properties of non interacting active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUP) subject to an external nonuniform field using a Fokker-Planck approach with a focus on the linear response and time-correlation functions. In particular, we compare different methods to compute these functions including the unified colored noise approximation (UCNA). The AOUP model, described by the position of the particle and the active force acting on it, is usually mapped into a Markovian process, describing the motion of a fictitious passive particle in terms of its position and velocity, where the effect of the activity is transferred into a position-dependent friction. We show that the form of the response function of the AOUP depends on whether we put the perturbation on the position and keep unperturbed the active force in the original variables or perturb the position and maintain unperturbed the velocity in the transformed variables. Indeed, as a result of the change of variables the perturbation on the position becomes a perturbation both on the position and on the fictitious velocity. We test these predictions by considering the response for three types of convex potentials: quadratic, quartic and double-well potential. Moreover, by comparing the response of the AOUP model with the corresponding response of the UCNA model we conclude that although the stationary properties are fairly well approximated by the UCNA, the non equilibrium properties are not, an effect which is not negligible when the persistence time is large. 8. Prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. Science.gov (United States) Guo, Cheng; Tomson, Göran; Keller, Christina; Söderqvist, Fredrik 2018-02-17 Studies investigating the prevalence of positive mental health and its correlates are still scarce compared to the studies on mental disorders, although there is growing interest of assessing positive mental health in adolescents. So far, no other study examining the prevalence and determinants of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents has been found. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire including Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) and items regarding multiple aspects of adolescent life. The sample involved a total of 5399 students from grade 8 and 10 in Weifang, China. Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between potential indicators regarding socio-economic situations, life style, social support and school life and positive mental health and calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. More than half (57.4%) of the participants were diagnosed as flourishing. The correlated factors of positive mental health in regression models included gender, perceived family economy, the occurrence of sibling(s), satisfaction of self-appearance, physical activity, sleep quality, stress, social trust, desire to learn, support from teachers and parents as well as whether being bullied at school (OR ranging from 1.23 to 2.75). The Hosmer-Lemeshow p-value for the final regression model (0.45) indicated adequate model fit. This study gives the first overview on prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. The prevalence of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents is higher than reported in most of the previous studies also using MHC-SF. Our findings suggest that adolescents with advantageous socio-economic situations, life style, social support and school life are experiencing better positive mental health than others. 9. Stability Tests of Positive Fractional Continuous-time Linear Systems with Delays Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2013-06-01 Full Text Available Necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of positive fractional continuous-time linear systems with many delays are established. It is shown that: 1 the asymptotic stability of the positive fractional system is independent of their delays, 2 the checking of the asymptotic stability of the positive fractional systems with delays can be reduced to checking of the asymptotic stability of positive standard linear systems without delays. 10. Dual linear structured support vector machine tracking method via scale correlation filter Science.gov (United States) Li, Weisheng; Chen, Yanquan; Xiao, Bin; Feng, Chen 2018-01-01 Adaptive tracking-by-detection methods based on structured support vector machine (SVM) performed well on recent visual tracking benchmarks. However, these methods did not adopt an effective strategy of object scale estimation, which limits the overall tracking performance. We present a tracking method based on a dual linear structured support vector machine (DLSSVM) with a discriminative scale correlation filter. The collaborative tracker comprised of a DLSSVM model and a scale correlation filter obtains good results in tracking target position and scale estimation. The fast Fourier transform is applied for detection. Extensive experiments show that our tracking approach outperforms many popular top-ranking trackers. On a benchmark including 100 challenging video sequences, the average precision of the proposed method is 82.8%. 11. POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO SEMI-LINEAR SECOND-ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN BANACH SPACE Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) 2008-01-01 In this paper,we study the existence of positive periodic solution to some second- order semi-linear differential equation in Banach space.By the fixed point index theory, we prove that the semi-linear differential equation has two positive periodic solutions. 12. Linear analysis of degree correlations in complex networks 2016-11-02 Nov 2, 2016 ... 4College of Science, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China ... cal methods used usually to describe the degree correlation in the ... Most social networks show assorta- .... a clear but only qualitative description of the degree ... is difficult to give quantitative relation between DCC. 13. Positive-operator-valued measure optimization of classical correlations NARCIS (Netherlands) Hamieh, S; Kobes, R; Zaraket, H We study the problem of optimization over positive-operator-valued measures to extract classical correlation in a bipartite quantum system. The proposed method is applied to binary states only. Moreover, to illustrate this method, an explicit example is studied in detail. 14. Development of a sub-nanometer positioning device: combining a new linear motor with linear motion ball guide ways International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Otsuka, J; Tanaka, T; Masuda, I 2010-01-01 A new type of linear motor described in this note has some advantages compared with conventional motors. The attractive magnetic force between the stator (permanent magnets) and mover (armature) is diminished almost to zero. The efficiency is better because the magnetic flux leakage is very small, the size of motor is smaller and detent (force ripple) is smaller than for conventional motors. Therefore, we think that this motor is greatly suitable for ultra-precision positioning as an actuator. An ultra-precision positioning device using this motor and linear motion ball guide ways is newly developed by making the device very rigid and using a suitable control method. Moreover, the positioning performance is evaluated by a positioning resolution, and deviation and dispersion errors. As a result of repeated step response tests, the positioning resolution is 0.3 nm, with the deviation error and dispersion error (3σ) being sub-nanometer. Consequently, the positioning device achieves sub-nanometer positioning. (technical design note) 15. Lack of Correlation Between External Fiducial Positions and Internal Tumor Positions During Breath-Hold CT International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hunjan, Sandeep; Starkschall, George; Prado, Karl; Dong Lei; Balter, Peter 2010-01-01 Purpose: For thoracic tumors, if four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is unavailable, the internal margin can be estimated by use of breath-hold (BH) CT scans acquired at end inspiration (EI) and end expiration (EE). By use of external surrogates for tumor position, BH accuracy is estimated by minimizing the difference between respiratory extrema BH and mean equivalent-phase free breathing (FB) positions. We tested the assumption that an external surrogate for BH accuracy correlates with internal tumor positional accuracy during BH CT. Methods and Materials: In 16 lung cancer patients, 4DCT images, as well as BH CT images at EI and EE, were acquired. Absolute differences between BH and mean equivalent-phase (FB) positions were calculated for both external fiducials and gross tumor volume (GTV) centroids as metrics of external and internal BH accuracy, respectively, and the results were correlated. Results: At EI, the absolute difference between mean FB and BH fiducial displacement correlated poorly with the absolute difference between FB and BH GTV centroid positions on CT images (R 2 = 0.11). Similarly, at EE, the absolute difference between mean FB and BH fiducial displacements correlated poorly with the absolute difference between FB and BH GTV centroid positions on CT images (R 2 = 0.18). Conclusions: External surrogates for tumor position are not an accurate metric of BH accuracy for lung cancer patients. This implies that care should be taken when using such an approach because an incorrect internal margin could be generated. 16. Mitochondrial respiratory efficiency is positively correlated with human sperm motility. Science.gov (United States) Ferramosca, Alessandra; Provenzano, Sara Pinto; Coppola, Lamberto; Zara, Vincenzo 2012-04-01 To correlate sperm mitochondrial respiratory efficiency with variations in sperm motility and with sperm morphologic anomalies. Sperm mitochondrial respiratory activity was evaluated with a polarographic assay of oxygen consumption carried out in hypotonically-treated sperm cells. A possible relationship among sperm mitochondrial respiratory efficiency, sperm motility, and morphologic anomalies was investigated. Mitochondrial respiratory efficiency was positively correlated with sperm motility and negatively correlated with the percentage of immotile spermatozoa. Moreover, midpiece defects impaired mitochondrial functionality. Our data indicate that an increase in sperm motility requires a parallel increase in mitochondrial respiratory capacity, thereby supporting the fundamental role played by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in sperm motility of normozoospermic subjects. These results are of physiopathological relevance because they suggest that disturbances of sperm mitochondrial function and of energy production could be responsible for asthenozoospermia. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17. Positive Noise Cross Correlation in a Copper Pair Splitter. Science.gov (United States) Das, Anindya; Ronen, Yuval; Heiblum, Moty; Shtrikman, Hadas; Mahalu, Diana 2012-02-01 Entanglement is in heart of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, in which non-locality is a fundamental property. Up to date spin entanglement of electrons had not been demonstrated. Here, we provide direct evidence of such entanglement by measuring: non-local positive current correlation and positive cross correlation among current fluctuations, both of separated electrons born by a Cooper-pair-beam-splitter. The realization of the splitter is provided by injecting current from an Al superconductor contact into two, single channel, pure InAs nanowires - each intercepted by a Coulomb blockaded quantum dot (QD). The QDs impedes strongly the flow of Cooper pairs allowing easy single electron transport. The passage of electron in one wire enables the simultaneous passage of the other in the neighboring wire. The splitting efficiency of the Cooper pairs (relative to Cooper pairs actual current) was found to be ˜ 40%. The positive cross-correlations in the currents and their fluctuations (shot noise) are fully consistent with entangled electrons produced by the beam splitter. 18. On the Linearized Darboux Equation Arising in Isometric Embedding of the Alexandrov Positive Annulus Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English) Chunhe LI 2013-01-01 In the present paper,the solvability condition of the linearized Gauss-Codazzi system and the solutions to the homogenous system are given.In the meantime,the Solvability of a relevant linearized Darboux equation is given.The equations are arising in a geometric problem which is concerned with the realization of the Alexandrov's positive annulus in R3. 19. Analytical expression for position sensitivity of linear response beam position monitor having inter-electrode cross talk Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kumar, Mukesh, E-mail: mukeshk@rrcat.gov.in [Beam Diagnostics Section, Indus Operations, Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 MP (India); Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094 (India); Ojha, A.; Garg, A.D.; Puntambekar, T.A. [Beam Diagnostics Section, Indus Operations, Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 MP (India); Senecha, V.K. [Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094 (India); Ion Source Lab., Proton Linac & Superconducting Cavities Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, 452013 MP (India) 2017-02-01 According to the quasi electrostatic model of linear response capacitive beam position monitor (BPM), the position sensitivity of the device depends only on the aperture of the device and it is independent of processing frequency and load impedance. In practice, however, due to the inter-electrode capacitive coupling (cross talk), the actual position sensitivity of the device decreases with increasing frequency and load impedance. We have taken into account the inter-electrode capacitance to derive and propose a new analytical expression for the position sensitivity as a function of frequency and load impedance. The sensitivity of a linear response shoe-box type BPM has been obtained through simulation using CST Studio Suite to verify and confirm the validity of the new analytical equation. Good agreement between the simulation results and the new analytical expression suggest that this method can be exploited for proper designing of BPM. 20. Non-monotone positive solutions of second-order linear differential equations: existence, nonexistence and criteria Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mervan Pašić 2016-10-01 Full Text Available We study non-monotone positive solutions of the second-order linear differential equations: $(p(tx'' + q(t x = e(t$, with positive $p(t$ and $q(t$. For the first time, some criteria as well as the existence and nonexistence of non-monotone positive solutions are proved in the framework of some properties of solutions $\\theta (t$ of the corresponding integrable linear equation: $(p(t\\theta''=e(t$. The main results are illustrated by many examples dealing with equations which allow exact non-monotone positive solutions not necessarily periodic. Finally, we pose some open questions. 1. Correlation coefficient based supervised locally linear embedding for pulmonary nodule recognition. Science.gov (United States) Wu, Panpan; Xia, Kewen; Yu, Hengyong 2016-11-01 Dimensionality reduction techniques are developed to suppress the negative effects of high dimensional feature space of lung CT images on classification performance in computer aided detection (CAD) systems for pulmonary nodule detection. An improved supervised locally linear embedding (SLLE) algorithm is proposed based on the concept of correlation coefficient. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is introduced to adjust the distance metric in the SLLE algorithm to ensure that more suitable neighborhood points could be identified, and thus to enhance the discriminating power of embedded data. The proposed Spearman's rank correlation coefficient based SLLE (SC(2)SLLE) is implemented and validated in our pilot CAD system using a clinical dataset collected from the publicly available lung image database consortium and image database resource initiative (LICD-IDRI). Particularly, a representative CAD system for solitary pulmonary nodule detection is designed and implemented. After a sequential medical image processing steps, 64 nodules and 140 non-nodules are extracted, and 34 representative features are calculated. The SC(2)SLLE, as well as SLLE and LLE algorithm, are applied to reduce the dimensionality. Several quantitative measurements are also used to evaluate and compare the performances. Using a 5-fold cross-validation methodology, the proposed algorithm achieves 87.65% accuracy, 79.23% sensitivity, 91.43% specificity, and 8.57% false positive rate, on average. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the original locally linear embedding and SLLE coupled with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Based on the preliminary results from a limited number of nodules in our dataset, this study demonstrates the great potential to improve the performance of a CAD system for nodule detection using the proposed SC(2)SLLE. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. 2. Linear quadratic Gaussian controller design for plasma current, position and shape control system in ITER International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Belyakov, V.; Kavin, A.; Rumyantsev, E.; Kharitonov, V.; Misenov, B.; Ovsyannikov, A.; Ovsyannikov, D.; Veremei, E.; Zhabko, A.; Mitrishkin, Y. 1999-01-01 This paper is focused on the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller synthesis methodology for the ITER plasma current, position and shape control system as well as power derivative management system. It has been shown that some poloidal field (PF) coils have less influence on reference plasma-wall gaps control during plasma disturbances and hence they have been used to reduce total control power derivative by means of the additional non-linear feedback. The design has been done on the basis of linear models. Simulation was provided for non-linear model and results are presented and discussed. (orig.) 3. A characterization of positive linear maps and criteria of entanglement for quantum states International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hou Jinchuan 2010-01-01 Let H and K be (finite- or infinite-dimensional) complex Hilbert spaces. A characterization of positive completely bounded normal linear maps from B(H) into B(K) is given, which particularly gives a characterization of positive elementary operators including all positive linear maps between matrix algebras. This characterization is then applied to give a representation of quantum channels (operations) between infinite-dimensional systems. A necessary and sufficient criterion of separability is given which shows that a state ρ on HxK is separable if and only if (ΦxI)ρ ≥ 0 for all positive finite-rank elementary operators Φ. Examples of NCP and indecomposable positive linear maps are given and are used to recognize some entangled states that cannot be recognized by the PPT criterion and the realignment criterion. 4. A characterization of positive linear maps and criteria of entanglement for quantum states Science.gov (United States) Hou, Jinchuan 2010-09-01 Let H and K be (finite- or infinite-dimensional) complex Hilbert spaces. A characterization of positive completely bounded normal linear maps from {\\mathcal B}(H) into {\\mathcal B}(K) is given, which particularly gives a characterization of positive elementary operators including all positive linear maps between matrix algebras. This characterization is then applied to give a representation of quantum channels (operations) between infinite-dimensional systems. A necessary and sufficient criterion of separability is given which shows that a state ρ on HotimesK is separable if and only if (ΦotimesI)ρ >= 0 for all positive finite-rank elementary operators Φ. Examples of NCP and indecomposable positive linear maps are given and are used to recognize some entangled states that cannot be recognized by the PPT criterion and the realignment criterion. 5. A systematic review of the neural correlates of positive emotions Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Full Text Available Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review of human studies reporting neural correlates of positive emotions. Methods: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2016 for scientific papers written in English. No restrictions were placed on year of publication. Results: Twenty-two articles were identified and 12 met the established criteria. Five had been published during the last 4 years. Formation and regulation of positive emotions, including happiness, are associated with significant reductions in activity in the right prefrontal cortex and bilaterally in the temporoparietal cortex, as well as with increased activity in the left prefrontal regions. They are also associated with increased activity in the cingulate gyrus, inferior and middle temporal gyri, amygdalae, and ventral striatum. Conclusion: It is too early to claim that there is an established understanding of the neuroscience of positive emotions and happiness. However, despite overlap in the brain regions involved in the formation and regulation of positive and negative emotions, we can conclude that positive emotions such as happiness activate specific brain regions. 6. Giant negative linear compression positively coupled to massive thermal expansion in a metal-organic framework. Science.gov (United States) Cai, Weizhao; Katrusiak, Andrzej 2014-07-04 Materials with negative linear compressibility are sought for various technological applications. Such effects were reported mainly in framework materials. When heated, they typically contract in the same direction of negative linear compression. Here we show that this common inverse relationship rule does not apply to a three-dimensional metal-organic framework crystal, [Ag(ethylenediamine)]NO3. In this material, the direction of the largest intrinsic negative linear compression yet observed in metal-organic frameworks coincides with the strongest positive thermal expansion. In the perpendicular direction, the large linear negative thermal expansion and the strongest crystal compressibility are collinear. This seemingly irrational positive relationship of temperature and pressure effects is explained and the mechanism of coupling of compressibility with expansivity is presented. The positive coupling between compression and thermal expansion in this material enhances its piezo-mechanical response in adiabatic process, which may be used for designing new artificial composites and ultrasensitive measuring devices. 7. Comorbid behavioural problems in Tourette's syndrome are positively correlated with the severity of tic symptoms. Science.gov (United States) Zhu, Yan; Leung, Kai Man; Liu, Po-zi; Zhou, Ming; Su, Lin-yan 2006-01-01 We studied the comorbid behavioural and mood problems in children with non-psychiatric Tourette's syndrome (TS) and their relationship with severity of tic disorder. Sixty-nine TS children and 69 healthy controls were assessed by Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). The relationships between behavioural problems and severity of tic symptoms were analysed statistically by comparison, correlation and multiple linear regression. Tourette's syndrome patients scored significantly lower (ptic symptoms is positively correlated with the severity of overall impairment in school and social competence. When the behavioural and mood problems commonly associated with TS were studied in detail, we found that delinquent behaviour, thought problems, attention problems, aggressive behaviour and externalizing are positively correlated with severity of tic symptoms. The findings indicated that children with TS-only also had a broad range of behavioural problems, and some of these were related to the severity of tic symptoms. 8. Libraries for spectrum identification: Method of normalized coordinates versus linear correlation International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ferrero, A.; Lucena, P.; Herrera, R.G.; Dona, A.; Fernandez-Reyes, R.; Laserna, J.J. 2008-01-01 In this work it is proposed that an easy solution based directly on linear algebra in order to obtain the relation between a spectrum and a spectrum base. This solution is based on the algebraic determination of an unknown spectrum coordinates with respect to a spectral library base. The identification capacity comparison between this algebraic method and the linear correlation method has been shown using experimental spectra of polymers. Unlike the linear correlation (where the presence of impurities may decrease the discrimination capacity), this method allows to detect quantitatively the existence of a mixture of several substances in a sample and, consequently, to beer in mind impurities for improving the identification 9. A study on virtual source position for electron beams from a Mevatron MD linear accelerator International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ravindran, B.P. 1999-01-01 The virtual source position (VSP) for electron beams of energies 5, 7, 9 10, 12 and 14 MeV and for the applicators (cones) available in the department have been measured for a Mevatron MD class linear accelerator. Different methods of obtaining the virtual source position for electron beams have been investigated in the present study. The results obtained have been compared with those of other workers. It is observed that the VSP is very much machine dependent and needs to be measured for each linear accelerator. The effect of shielding on virtual source position for the type of applicators available in the department has also been investigated. (author) 10. Flow-induced correlation effects within a linear chain in a polymer melt NARCIS (Netherlands) Stepanyan, R.; Slot, J.J.M.; Molenaar, J.; Tchesnokov, M.A. 2005-01-01 A framework for a consistent description of the flow-induced correlation effects within a linear polymer chain in a melt is proposed. The formalism shows how correlations between chain segments in the flow can be incorporated into a hierarchy of distribution functions for tangent vectors. The 11. Three-point phase correlations: A new measure of non-linear large-scale structure CERN Document Server Wolstenhulme, Richard; Obreschkow, Danail 2015-01-01 We derive an analytical expression for a novel large-scale structure observable: the line correlation function. The line correlation function, which is constructed from the three-point correlation function of the phase of the density field, is a robust statistical measure allowing the extraction of information in the non-linear and non-Gaussian regime. We show that, in perturbation theory, the line correlation is sensitive to the coupling kernel F_2, which governs the non-linear gravitational evolution of the density field. We compare our analytical expression with results from numerical simulations and find a very good agreement for separations r>20 Mpc/h. Fitting formulae for the power spectrum and the non-linear coupling kernel at small scales allow us to extend our prediction into the strongly non-linear regime. We discuss the advantages of the line correlation relative to standard statistical measures like the bispectrum. Unlike the latter, the line correlation is independent of the linear bias. Furtherm... 12. Positive Correlation of Resistin with Blood Lipids in Gestational Diabetes Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Z Zare 2014-03-01 Full Text Available Background &Objective: Resistin is an important adipokin, secreted from adipocytes and causes insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes (GDM is characterized by insulin resistance in insulin target tissues. The goal of this research was to investigate whether there is a relationship among resistin and various clinical and metabolic parameters in GDM.Materials & Methods: 76 pregnant women who got the diagnosis of GDM were enrolled as the study group. 70 gestational age-matched pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were recruited as the control group of the study. Serum resistin concentration, in addition to various metabolic and biochemical parameters, were measured in two groups.Results: Plasma resistin was not significantly different in GDM patients and subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Correlation analysis revealed that LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride were positively correlated with plasma resistin (P < 0.004, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively.Conclusion: Plasma resistin is correlated with insulin resistance, high serum LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and TG in the Iranian GDM patients. 13. Design and performance of vacuum capable detector electronics for linear position sensitive neutron detectors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Riedel, R.A.; Cooper, R.G.; Funk, L.L.; Clonts, L.G. 2012-01-01 We describe the design and performance of electronics for linear position sensitive neutron detectors. The eight tube assembly requires 10 W of power and can be controlled via digital communication links. The electronics can be used without modification in vacuum. Using a transimpedance amplifier and gated integration, we achieve a highly linear system with coefficient of determinations of 0.9999 or better. Typical resolution is one percent of tube length. 14. Design and performance of vacuum capable detector electronics for linear position sensitive neutron detectors Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Riedel, R.A., E-mail: riedelra@ornl.gov [Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 (United States); Cooper, R.G.; Funk, L.L.; Clonts, L.G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 (United States) 2012-02-01 We describe the design and performance of electronics for linear position sensitive neutron detectors. The eight tube assembly requires 10 W of power and can be controlled via digital communication links. The electronics can be used without modification in vacuum. Using a transimpedance amplifier and gated integration, we achieve a highly linear system with coefficient of determinations of 0.9999 or better. Typical resolution is one percent of tube length. 15. Evaluation of the accuracy of linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs taken at different positions Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Nikneshan, Sima; Emadi, Naghmeh [Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sharafi, Mohamad [Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam (Iran, Islamic Republic of) 2013-09-15 This study assessed the accuracy of linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs taken at different positions in vitro. Two acrylic models were fabricated from a cast with normal occlusion. Straight and 75 degree mesially and lingually angulated pins were placed, and standardized panoramic radiographs were taken at standard position, at an 8 degree downward tilt of the occlusal plane compared to the standard position, at an 8 degree upward tilt of the anterior occlusal plane, and at a 10 degree downward tilt of the right and left sides of the model. On the radiographs, the length of the pins above (crown) and below (root) the occlusal plane, total pin length, crown-to-root ratio, and angulation of pins relative to the occlusal plane were calculated. The data were subjected to repeated measures ANOVA and LSD multiple comparisons tests. Significant differences were noted between the radiographic measurements and true values in different positions on both models with linear (P<0.001) and those with angulated pins (P<0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed between the angular measurements and baselines of the natural head posture at different positions for the linear and angulated pins. Angular measurements on panoramic radiographs were sufficiently accurate and changes in the position of the occlusal plane equal to or less than 10 degree had no significant effect on them. Some variations could exist in the pin positioning (head positioning), and they were tolerable while taking panoramic radiographs. Linear measurements showed the least errors in the standard position and 8 degree upward tilt of the anterior part of the occlusal plane compared to other positions. 16. Non-Gaussian lineshapes and dynamics of time-resolved linear and nonlinear (correlation) spectra. Science.gov (United States) 2014-07-17 Signatures of nonlinear and non-Gaussian dynamics in time-resolved linear and nonlinear (correlation) 2D spectra are analyzed in a model considering a linear plus quadratic dependence of the spectroscopic transition frequency on a Gaussian nuclear coordinate of the thermal bath (quadratic coupling). This new model is contrasted to the commonly assumed linear dependence of the transition frequency on the medium nuclear coordinates (linear coupling). The linear coupling model predicts equality between the Stokes shift and equilibrium correlation functions of the transition frequency and time-independent spectral width. Both predictions are often violated, and we are asking here the question of whether a nonlinear solvent response and/or non-Gaussian dynamics are required to explain these observations. We find that correlation functions of spectroscopic observables calculated in the quadratic coupling model depend on the chromophore's electronic state and the spectral width gains time dependence, all in violation of the predictions of the linear coupling models. Lineshape functions of 2D spectra are derived assuming Ornstein-Uhlenbeck dynamics of the bath nuclear modes. The model predicts asymmetry of 2D correlation plots and bending of the center line. The latter is often used to extract two-point correlation functions from 2D spectra. The dynamics of the transition frequency are non-Gaussian. However, the effect of non-Gaussian dynamics is limited to the third-order (skewness) time correlation function, without affecting the time correlation functions of higher order. The theory is tested against molecular dynamics simulations of a model polar-polarizable chromophore dissolved in a force field water. 17. Position Control of Linear Synchronous Motor Drives with Exploitation of Forced Dynamics Control Principles Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jan Vittek 2004-01-01 Full Text Available Closed-loop position control of mechanisms directly driven by linear synchronous motors with permanent magnets is presented. The control strategy is based on forced dynamic control, which is a form of feedback linearisation, yielding a non-liner multivariable control law to obtain a prescribed linear speed dynamics together with the vector control condition of mutal orthogonality between the stator current and magnetic flux vectors (assuming perfect estimates of the plant parameters. Outer position control loop is closed via simple feedback with proportional gain. Simulations of the design control sysstem, including the drive with power electronic switching, predict the intended drive performance. 18. Feature Genes Selection Using Supervised Locally Linear Embedding and Correlation Coefficient for Microarray Classification. Science.gov (United States) Xu, Jiucheng; Mu, Huiyu; Wang, Yun; Huang, Fangzhou 2018-01-01 The selection of feature genes with high recognition ability from the gene expression profiles has gained great significance in biology. However, most of the existing methods have a high time complexity and poor classification performance. Motivated by this, an effective feature selection method, called supervised locally linear embedding and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (SLLE-SC 2 ), is proposed which is based on the concept of locally linear embedding and correlation coefficient algorithms. Supervised locally linear embedding takes into account class label information and improves the classification performance. Furthermore, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is used to remove the coexpression genes. The experiment results obtained on four public tumor microarray datasets illustrate that our method is valid and feasible. 19. Serum uric acid levels correlate with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Science.gov (United States) Celikbilek, A; Gencer, Z K; Saydam, L; Zararsiz, G; Tanik, N; Ozkiris, M 2014-01-01 Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a frequently encountered condition that can severely affect the quality of life. In this study, we aimed to assess the possible relations between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and BPPV. Fifty patients with BPPV, and 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. All the patients and controls underwent a complete audio-vestibular test battery including the Dix-Hallpike maneuver and supine roll test for posterior semicircular canal (PSC) and horizontal semicircular canal, respectively. Routine hematological and biochemical analyses were performed in both groups. In the BPPV group, measurements of SUA levels were repeated 1 month after the vertigo attack. The lipid profiles and SUA levels were higher in patients with BPPV than detected in controls (P multiple logistic regression models (P decrement in SUA level 1 month after the vertigo attack compared with the values obtained during the attack (P 0.05). Elevated SUA is positively correlated with BPPV, requiring further efforts to clarify the exact mechanism. © 2013 The Author(s) European Journal of Neurology © 2013 EFNS. 20. Mover Position Detection for PMTLM Based on Linear Hall Sensors through EKF Processing. Science.gov (United States) Yan, Leyang; Zhang, Hui; Ye, Peiqing 2017-04-06 Accurate mover position is vital for a permanent magnet tubular linear motor (PMTLM) control system. In this paper, two linear Hall sensors are utilized to detect the mover position. However, Hall sensor signals contain third-order harmonics, creating errors in mover position detection. To filter out the third-order harmonics, a signal processing method based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is presented. The limitation of conventional processing method is first analyzed, and then EKF is adopted to detect the mover position. In the EKF model, the amplitude of the fundamental component and the percentage of the harmonic component are taken as state variables, and they can be estimated based solely on the measured sensor signals. Then, the harmonic component can be calculated and eliminated. The proposed method has the advantages of faster convergence, better stability and higher accuracy. Finally, experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. 1. Non-linear canonical correlation for joint analysis of MEG signals from two subjects Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Cristina eCampi 2013-06-01 Full Text Available We consider the problem of analysing magnetoencephalography (MEG data measured from two persons undergoing the same experiment, and we propose a method that searches for sources with maximally correlated energies. Our method is based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA, which provides linear transformations, one for each subject, such that the correlation between the transformed MEG signals is maximized. Here, we present a nonlinear version of CCA which measures the correlation of energies. Furthermore, we introduce a delay parameter in the modelto analyse, e.g., leader-follower changes in experiments where the two subjects are engaged in social interaction. 2. Linearization of Positional Response Curve of a Fiber-optic Displacement Sensor Science.gov (United States) Babaev, O. G.; Matyunin, S. A.; Paranin, V. D. 2018-01-01 Currently, the creation of optical measuring instruments and sensors for measuring linear displacement is one of the most relevant problems in the area of instrumentation. Fiber-optic contactless sensors based on the magneto-optical effect are of special interest. They are essentially contactless, non-electrical and have a closed optical channel not subject to contamination. The main problem of this type of sensors is the non-linearity of their positional response curve due to the hyperbolic nature of the magnetic field intensity variation induced by moving the magnetic source mounted on the controlled object relative to the sensing element. This paper discusses an algorithmic method of linearizing the positional response curve of fiber-optic displacement sensors in any selected range of the displacements to be measured. The method is divided into two stages: 1 - definition of the calibration function, 2 - measurement and linearization of the positional response curve (including its temperature stabilization). The algorithm under consideration significantly reduces the number of points of the calibration function, which is essential for the calibration of temperature dependence, due to the use of the points that randomly deviate from the grid points with uniform spacing. Subsequent interpolation of the deviating points and piecewise linear-plane approximation of the calibration function reduces the microcontroller storage capacity for storing the calibration function and the time required to process the measurement results. The paper also presents experimental results of testing real samples of fiber-optic displacement sensors. 3. Correction of X-ray diffraction profiles in linear-type PSPC by position factor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Takahashi, Toshio 1992-01-01 PSPC (Position Sensitive Proportional Counter) makes it possible to obtain one-dimentional diffraction profiles without mechanical scanning. In a linear-type PSPC, the obtained profiles need correcting, because the position factor influences the intensity of the diffracted X-ray beam and the counting rate at each position on PSPC. The distances from the specimen are not the same at the center and at the edge of the detector, and the intensity decreases at the edge because of radiation and absorption. The counting rate varies with the incident angle of the diffracted beam at each position on PSPC. The position factor f i at channel i of the multichannel-analyser is given by f i = cos 4 α i ·exp{-μR(1/cosα i -1)} where R is the distance between the specimen and the center of PSPC, μ is the linear absorption coefficient and α i is the incident angle of the diffracted beam at channel i. The background profiles of silica gel powder were measured with CrKα and CuKα. The parameters of the model function were fitted to the profiles by the non-linear least squares method. The agreement between these parameters and the calculated values shows that the position factor can correct the measured profiles properly. (author) 4. Approximation of functions in two variables by some linear positive operators Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mariola Skorupka 1995-12-01 Full Text Available We introduce some linear positive operators of the Szasz-Mirakjan type in the weighted spaces of continuous functions in two variables. We study the degree of the approximation of functions by these operators. The similar results for functions in one variable are given in [5]. Some operators of the Szasz-Mirakjan type are examined also in [3], [4]. 5. GONOME: measuring correlations between GO terms and genomic positions Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Bailey Timothy L 2006-02-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background: Current methods to find significantly under- and over-represented gene ontology (GO terms in a set of genes consider the genes as equally probable "balls in a bag", as may be appropriate for transcripts in micro-array data. However, due to the varying length of genes and intergenic regions, that approach is inappropriate for deciding if any GO terms are correlated with a set of genomic positions. Results: We present an algorithm – GONOME – that can determine which GO terms are significantly associated with a set of genomic positions given a genome annotated with (at least the starts and ends of genes. We show that certain GO terms may appear to be significantly associated with a set of randomly chosen positions in the human genome if gene lengths are not considered, and that these same terms have been reported as significantly over-represented in a number of recent papers. This apparent over-representation disappears when gene lengths are considered, as GONOME does. For example, we show that, when gene length is taken into account, the term "development" is not significantly enriched in genes associated with human CpG islands, in contradiction to a previous report. We further demonstrate the efficacy of GONOME by showing that occurrences of the proteosome-associated control element (PACE upstream activating sequence in the S. cerevisiae genome associate significantly to appropriate GO terms. An extension of this approach yields a whole-genome motif discovery algorithm that allows identification of many other promoter sequences linked to different types of genes, including a large group of previously unknown motifs significantly associated with the terms 'translation' and 'translational elongation'. Conclusion: GONOME is an algorithm that correctly extracts over-represented GO terms from a set of genomic positions. By explicitly considering gene size, GONOME avoids a systematic bias toward GO terms linked to large genes 6. Predictive IP controller for robust position control of linear servo system. Science.gov (United States) Lu, Shaowu; Zhou, Fengxing; Ma, Yajie; Tang, Xiaoqi 2016-07-01 Position control is a typical application of linear servo system. In this paper, to reduce the system overshoot, an integral plus proportional (IP) controller is used in the position control implementation. To further improve the control performance, a gain-tuning IP controller based on a generalized predictive control (GPC) law is proposed. Firstly, to represent the dynamics of the position loop, a second-order linear model is used and its model parameters are estimated on-line by using a recursive least squares method. Secondly, based on the GPC law, an optimal control sequence is obtained by using receding horizon, then directly supplies the IP controller with the corresponding control parameters in the real operations. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented to show the efficiency of proposed scheme. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 7. Chemical networks with inflows and outflows: a positive linear differential inclusions approach. Science.gov (United States) Angeli, David; De Leenheer, Patrick; Sontag, Eduardo D 2009-01-01 Certain mass-action kinetics models of biochemical reaction networks, although described by nonlinear differential equations, may be partially viewed as state-dependent linear time-varying systems, which in turn may be modeled by convex compact valued positive linear differential inclusions. A result is provided on asymptotic stability of such inclusions, and applied to a ubiquitous biochemical reaction network with inflows and outflows, known as the futile cycle. We also provide a characterization of exponential stability of general homogeneous switched systems which is not only of interest in itself, but also plays a role in the analysis of the futile cycle. 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers 8. Correlation of BOLD Signal with Linear and Nonlinear Patterns of EEG in Resting State EEG-Informed fMRI Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Galina V. Portnova 2018-01-01 Full Text Available Concurrent EEG and fMRI acquisitions in resting state showed a correlation between EEG power in various bands and spontaneous BOLD fluctuations. However, there is a lack of data on how changes in the complexity of brain dynamics derived from EEG reflect variations in the BOLD signal. The purpose of our study was to correlate both spectral patterns, as linear features of EEG rhythms, and nonlinear EEG dynamic complexity with neuronal activity obtained by fMRI. We examined the relationships between EEG patterns and brain activation obtained by simultaneous EEG-fMRI during the resting state condition in 25 healthy right-handed adult volunteers. Using EEG-derived regressors, we demonstrated a substantial correlation of BOLD signal changes with linear and nonlinear features of EEG. We found the most significant positive correlation of fMRI signal with delta spectral power. Beta and alpha spectral features had no reliable effect on BOLD fluctuation. However, dynamic changes of alpha peak frequency exhibited a significant association with BOLD signal increase in right-hemisphere areas. Additionally, EEG dynamic complexity as measured by the HFD of the 2–20 Hz EEG frequency range significantly correlated with the activation of cortical and subcortical limbic system areas. Our results indicate that both spectral features of EEG frequency bands and nonlinear dynamic properties of spontaneous EEG are strongly associated with fluctuations of the BOLD signal during the resting state condition. 9. Robust Correlation Analyses: False Positive and Power Validation Using a New Open Source Matlab Toolbox Science.gov (United States) Pernet, Cyril R.; Wilcox, Rand; Rousselet, Guillaume A. 2012-01-01 Pearson’s correlation measures the strength of the association between two variables. The technique is, however, restricted to linear associations and is overly sensitive to outliers. Indeed, a single outlier can result in a highly inaccurate summary of the data. Yet, it remains the most commonly used measure of association in psychology research. Here we describe a free Matlab(R) based toolbox (http://sourceforge.net/projects/robustcorrtool/) that computes robust measures of association between two or more random variables: the percentage-bend correlation and skipped-correlations. After illustrating how to use the toolbox, we show that robust methods, where outliers are down weighted or removed and accounted for in significance testing, provide better estimates of the true association with accurate false positive control and without loss of power. The different correlation methods were tested with normal data and normal data contaminated with marginal or bivariate outliers. We report estimates of effect size, false positive rate and power, and advise on which technique to use depending on the data at hand. PMID:23335907 10. Robust correlation analyses: false positive and power validation using a new open source matlab toolbox. Science.gov (United States) Pernet, Cyril R; Wilcox, Rand; Rousselet, Guillaume A 2012-01-01 Pearson's correlation measures the strength of the association between two variables. The technique is, however, restricted to linear associations and is overly sensitive to outliers. Indeed, a single outlier can result in a highly inaccurate summary of the data. Yet, it remains the most commonly used measure of association in psychology research. Here we describe a free Matlab((R)) based toolbox (http://sourceforge.net/projects/robustcorrtool/) that computes robust measures of association between two or more random variables: the percentage-bend correlation and skipped-correlations. After illustrating how to use the toolbox, we show that robust methods, where outliers are down weighted or removed and accounted for in significance testing, provide better estimates of the true association with accurate false positive control and without loss of power. The different correlation methods were tested with normal data and normal data contaminated with marginal or bivariate outliers. We report estimates of effect size, false positive rate and power, and advise on which technique to use depending on the data at hand. 11. Positivity and job burnout in emergency personnel: examining linear and curvilinear relationship Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Basińska Beata Aleksandra 2017-06-01 Full Text Available The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between the ratio of job-related positive to negative emotions (positivity ratio and job burnout is best described as linear or curvilinear. Participants were 89 police officers (12% women and 86 firefighters. The positivity ratio was evaluated using the Job-related Affective Wellbeing Scale (Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector, & Kelloway, 2000. Exhaustion and disengagement, two components of job burnout, were measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (Demerouti, Mostert, & Bakker, 2010. The results of regression analysis revealed that curvilinear relationships between the positivity ratio and two components of job burnout appeared to better fit the data than linear relationships. The relationship between the positivity ratio and exhaustion was curvilinear with a curve point at around 2.1. A similar curvilinear relationship, but with a lower curve point, i.e., around 1.8, was observed for disengagement. It seems that beyond certain values there may be hidden costs of maintaining positive emotions at work. Also, the unequal curve points for subscales suggest that different dimensions of work-related functioning are variously prone to such costs. 12. Wireless Positioning Based on a Segment-Wise Linear Approach for Modeling the Target Trajectory DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Figueiras, Joao; Pedersen, Troels; Schwefel, Hans-Peter 2008-01-01 Positioning solutions in infrastructure-based wireless networks generally operate by exploiting the channel information of the links between the Wireless Devices and fixed networking Access Points. The major challenge of such solutions is the modeling of both the noise properties of the channel...... measurements and the user mobility patterns. One class of typical human being movement patterns is the segment-wise linear approach, which is studied in this paper. Current tracking solutions, such as the Constant Velocity model, hardly handle such segment-wise linear patterns. In this paper we propose...... a segment-wise linear model, called the Drifting Points model. The model results in an increased performance when compared with traditional solutions.... 13. Linear and support vector regressions based on geometrical correlation of data Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Kaijun Wang 2007-10-01 Full Text Available Linear regression (LR and support vector regression (SVR are widely used in data analysis. Geometrical correlation learning (GcLearn was proposed recently to improve the predictive ability of LR and SVR through mining and using correlations between data of a variable (inner correlation. This paper theoretically analyzes prediction performance of the GcLearn method and proves that GcLearn LR and SVR will have better prediction performance than traditional LR and SVR for prediction tasks when good inner correlations are obtained and predictions by traditional LR and SVR are far away from their neighbor training data under inner correlation. This gives the applicable condition of GcLearn method. 14. Approximation Theorems for q- Analouge of a Linear Positive Operator by A. Lupas Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Karunesh Kumar Singh 2016-08-01 Full Text Available The purpose of the present paper is to introduce $q-$ analouge of a sequence of linear and positive operators which was introduced by A. Lupas [2]. First, we estimate moments of the operators and then prove a basic convergence theorem. Next, a local direct approximation theorem is established. Further, we study the rate of convergence and point-wise estimate using the Lipschitz type maximal function. 15. The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) position sensor for gravitational wave interferometer low-frequency controls Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Tariq, Hareem E-mail: htariq@ligo.caltech.edu; Takamori, Akiteru; Vetrano, Flavio; Wang Chenyang; Bertolini, Alessandro; Calamai, Giovanni; DeSalvo, Riccardo; Gennai, Alberto; Holloway, Lee; Losurdo, Giovanni; Marka, Szabolcs; Mazzoni, Massimo; Paoletti, Federico; Passuello, Diego; Sannibale, Virginio; Stanga, Ruggero 2002-08-21 Low-power, ultra-high-vacuum compatible, non-contacting position sensors with nanometer resolution and centimeter dynamic range have been developed, built and tested. They have been designed at Virgo as the sensors for low-frequency modal damping of Seismic Attenuation System chains in Gravitational Wave interferometers and sub-micron absolute mirror positioning. One type of these linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) has been designed to be also insensitive to transversal displacement thus allowing 3D movement of the sensor head while still precisely reading its position along the sensitivity axis. A second LVDT geometry has been designed to measure the displacement of the vertical seismic attenuation filters from their nominal position. Unlike the commercial LVDTs, mostly based on magnetic cores, the LVDTs described here exert no force on the measured structure. 16. Asynchronous L1-gain control of uncertain switched positive linear systems with dwell time. Science.gov (United States) Li, Yang; Zhang, Hongbin 2018-04-01 In this paper, dwell time (DT) stability, L 1 -gain performance analysis and asynchronous L 1 -gain controller design problems of uncertain switched positive linear systems (SPLSs) are investigated. Via a time-scheduled multiple linear co-positive Lyapunov function (TSMLCLF) approach, convex sufficient conditions of DT stability and L 1 -gain performance of SPLSs with interval and polytopic uncertainties are presented. Furthermore, by utilizing the feature that the TSMLCLF keeps decreasing even if the controller is running asynchronously with the system, the asynchronous L 1 -gain controller design problem of SPLSs with interval and polytopic uncertainties is investigated. Convex sufficient conditions of the existence of time-varying asynchronous state-feedback controller which can ensure the closed-loop system's positivity, stability and L 1 -gain performance are established, and the controller gain matrices can be calculated instantaneously online. The obtained L 1 -gain in the paper is standard. All the results are presented in terms of linear programming. A practical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the results. Copyright © 2018 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 17. Universal linear-temperature resistivity: possible quantum diffusion transport in strongly correlated superconductors. Science.gov (United States) Hu, Tao; Liu, Yinshang; Xiao, Hong; Mu, Gang; Yang, Yi-Feng 2017-08-25 The strongly correlated electron fluids in high temperature cuprate superconductors demonstrate an anomalous linear temperature (T) dependent resistivity behavior, which persists to a wide temperature range without exhibiting saturation. As cooling down, those electron fluids lose the resistivity and condense into the superfluid. However, the origin of the linear-T resistivity behavior and its relationship to the strongly correlated superconductivity remain a mystery. Here we report a universal relation [Formula: see text], which bridges the slope of the linear-T-dependent resistivity (dρ/dT) to the London penetration depth λ L at zero temperature among cuprate superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ and heavy fermion superconductors CeCoIn 5 , where μ 0 is vacuum permeability, k B is the Boltzmann constant and ħ is the reduced Planck constant. We extend this scaling relation to different systems and found that it holds for other cuprate, pnictide and heavy fermion superconductors as well, regardless of the significant differences in the strength of electronic correlations, transport directions, and doping levels. Our analysis suggests that the scaling relation in strongly correlated superconductors could be described as a hydrodynamic diffusive transport, with the diffusion coefficient (D) approaching the quantum limit D ~ ħ/m*, where m* is the quasi-particle effective mass. 18. Several Families of Sequences with Low Correlation and Large Linear Span Science.gov (United States) Zeng, Fanxin; Zhang, Zhenyu In DS-CDMA systems and DS-UWB radios, low correlation of spreading sequences can greatly help to minimize multiple access interference (MAI) and large linear span of spreading sequences can reduce their predictability. In this letter, new sequence sets with low correlation and large linear span are proposed. Based on the construction Trm1[Trnm(αbt+γiαdt)]r for generating p-ary sequences of period pn-1, where n=2m, d=upm±v, b=u±v, γi∈GF(pn), and p is an arbitrary prime number, several methods to choose the parameter d are provided. The obtained sequences with family size pn are of four-valued, five-valued, six-valued or seven-valued correlation and the maximum nontrivial correlation value is (u+v-1)pm-1. The simulation by a computer shows that the linear span of the new sequences is larger than that of the sequences with Niho-type and Welch-type decimations, and similar to that of [10]. OpenAIRE Demirakca, Traute; Herbert, Cornelia; Kissler, Johanna; Ruf, Matthias; Wokrina, Tim; Ende, Gabriele 2009-01-01 Comparison of positive and negative naturally read adjectives to neutral adjectives yielded an overlapping higher BOLD response in the occipital and the orbitofrontal cortex (gyrus rectus). Superior medial frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus showed higher BOLD response to negative adjectives and inferior frontal gyrus to positive adjectives. The overlap of activated regions and lack of pronounced distinct regions supports the assumption that the processing of negative and positive wor... 20. СREATION OF CORRELATION FUNCTIONS OF LINEAR CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS BASED ON THEIR FUNDAMENTAL MATRICES Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) N. A. Vunder 2015-11-01 Full Text Available The paper presents a method of creating correlation matrices and functions of the state vectors and outputs of the linear continuous systems functioning under the conditions of stochastic stationary, in a broad sense, effects. Fundamental matrices form the basis of the method. We have shown that for the linear continuous systems with single dimensional input and single dimensional output the correlation output function of such system can be found as the free movement of this system generated by its initial state. This state is constructed from the variance matrix of the state vector and the transposed output matrix. We have elucidated that when a continuous system belongs to a class of multi-dimensional input – multi-dimensional output systems, the following options are available for solving the problem of creation of the correlation function of a linear system. The first option is to partition the system into separate channels. Then the approach developed for systems with onedimensional input and one-dimensional output is applied to each of the separate channels. The second option is used to preserve the vector nature of the stochastic external influence. It consists in partition of output vector to scalar components by separating output matrix into separate rows with subsequent formation of the correlation function according to the scheme for single dimensional input and single dimensional output type systems. The third option is based on the scalarization of matrix correlation output function by applying the singular value decomposition to it. That gives the possibility to form scalar majorant and minorant of correlation output functions. We have established that a key component of a computational procedure of creating the correlation function of continuous linear system is a variance matrix of the system state vector. In the case of functioning under an exogenous stochastic effect like "white noise" the variance matrix is calculated by 1. Estimating a graphical intra-class correlation coefficient (GICC) using multivariate probit-linear mixed models. Science.gov (United States) Yue, Chen; Chen, Shaojie; Sair, Haris I; Airan, Raag; Caffo, Brian S 2015-09-01 Data reproducibility is a critical issue in all scientific experiments. In this manuscript, the problem of quantifying the reproducibility of graphical measurements is considered. The image intra-class correlation coefficient (I2C2) is generalized and the graphical intra-class correlation coefficient (GICC) is proposed for such purpose. The concept for GICC is based on multivariate probit-linear mixed effect models. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo EM (mcm-cEM) algorithm is used for estimating the GICC. Simulation results with varied settings are demonstrated and our method is applied to the KIRBY21 test-retest dataset. 2. Effects of frequency correlation in linear optical entangling gates operated with independent photons International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barbieri, M. 2007-01-01 Bose-Einstein coalescence of independent photons at the surface of a beam splitter is the physical process that allows linear optical quantum gates to be built. When distinct parametric down-conversion events are used as an independent photon source, distinguishability arises form the energy correlation of each photon with its twin. We derive upper bound for the entanglement which can be generated under these conditions 3. Effects of socioeconomic position and social mobility on linear growth from early childhood until adolescence Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Ana Paula Muraro Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP in childhood and social mobility on linear growth through adolescence in a population-based cohort. Methods: Children born in Cuiabá-MT, central-western Brazil, were evaluated during 1994 - 1999. They were first assessed during 1999 - 2000 (0 - 5 years and again during 2009 - 2011 (10 - 17 years, and their height-for-age was evaluated during these two periods.Awealth index was used to classify the SEP of each child’s family as low, medium, or high. Social mobility was categorized as upward mobility or no upward mobility. Linear mixed models were used. Results: We evaluated 1,716 children (71.4% of baseline after 10 years, and 60.6% of the families showed upward mobility, with a higher percentage among the lowest economic classes. A higher height-for-age was also observed among those from families with a high SEP both in childhood (low SEP= -0.35 z-score; high SEP= 0.15 z-score, p < 0.01 and adolescence (low SEP= -0.01 z-score; high SEP= 0.45 z-score, p < 0.01, whereas upward mobility did not affect their linear growth. Conclusion: Expressive social mobility was observed, but SEP in childhood and social mobility did not greatly influence linear growth through childhood in this central-western Brazilian cohort. 4. Eigenstructures of MIMO Fading Channel Correlation Matrices and Optimum Linear Precoding Designs for Maximum Ergodic Capacity Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Hamid Reza Bahrami 2007-01-01 Full Text Available The ergodic capacity of MIMO frequency-flat and -selective channels depends greatly on the eigenvalue distribution of spatial correlation matrices. Knowing the eigenstructure of correlation matrices at the transmitter is very important to enhance the capacity of the system. This fact becomes of great importance in MIMO wireless systems where because of the fast changing nature of the underlying channel, full channel knowledge is difficult to obtain at the transmitter. In this paper, we first investigate the effect of eigenvalues distribution of spatial correlation matrices on the capacity of frequency-flat and -selective channels. Next, we introduce a practical scheme known as linear precoding that can enhance the ergodic capacity of the channel by changing the eigenstructure of the channel by applying a linear transformation. We derive the structures of precoders using eigenvalue decomposition and linear algebra techniques in both cases and show their similarities from an algebraic point of view. Simulations show the ability of this technique to change the eigenstructure of the channel, and hence enhance the ergodic capacity considerably. 5. Solar receiver heliostat reflector having a linear drive and position information system Science.gov (United States) Horton, Richard H. 1980-01-01 A heliostat for a solar receiver system comprises an improved drive and control system for the heliostat reflector assembly. The heliostat reflector assembly is controllably driven in a predetermined way by a light-weight drive system so as to be angularly adjustable in both elevation and azimuth to track the sun and efficiently continuously reflect the sun's rays to a focal zone, i.e., heat receiver, which forms part of a solar energy utilization system, such as a solar energy fueled electrical power generation system. The improved drive system includes linear stepping motors which comprise low weight, low cost, electronic pulse driven components. One embodiment comprises linear stepping motors controlled by a programmed, electronic microprocessor. Another embodiment comprises a tape driven system controlled by a position control magnetic tape. 6. Subcellular localization for Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial proteins using linear interpolation smoothing model. Science.gov (United States) Saini, Harsh; Raicar, Gaurav; Dehzangi, Abdollah; Lal, Sunil; Sharma, Alok 2015-12-07 Protein subcellular localization is an important topic in proteomics since it is related to a protein׳s overall function, helps in the understanding of metabolic pathways, and in drug design and discovery. In this paper, a basic approximation technique from natural language processing called the linear interpolation smoothing model is applied for predicting protein subcellular localizations. The proposed approach extracts features from syntactical information in protein sequences to build probabilistic profiles using dependency models, which are used in linear interpolation to determine how likely is a sequence to belong to a particular subcellular location. This technique builds a statistical model based on maximum likelihood. It is able to deal effectively with high dimensionality that hinders other traditional classifiers such as Support Vector Machines or k-Nearest Neighbours without sacrificing performance. This approach has been evaluated by predicting subcellular localizations of Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial proteins. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 7. An adaptive feedback controller for transverse angle and position jitter correction in linear particle beam accelerators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barr, D.S. 1993-01-01 It is desired to design a position and angle jitter control system for pulsed linear accelerators that will increase the accuracy of correction over that achieved by currently used standard feedback jitter control systems. Interpulse or pulse-to-pulse correction is performed using the average value of each macropulse. The configuration of such a system resembles that of a standard feedback correction system with the addition of an adaptive controller that dynamically adjusts the gain-phase contour of the feedback electronics. The adaptive controller makes changes to the analog feedback system between macropulses. A simulation of such a system using real measured jitter data from the Stanford Linear Collider was shown to decrease the average rms jitter by over two and a half times. The system also increased and stabilized the correction at high frequencies; a typical problem with standard feedback systems 8. An adaptive feedback controller for transverse angle and position jitter correction in linear particle beam accelerators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barr, D.S. 1992-01-01 It is desired to design a position and angle jitter control system for pulsed linear accelerators that will increase the accuracy of correction over that achieved by currently used standard feedback jitter control systems. Interpulse or pulse-to-pulse correction is performed using the average value of each macropulse. The configuration of such a system resembles that of a standard feedback correction system with the addition of an adaptive controller that dynamically adjusts the gain-phase contour of the feedback electronics. The adaptive controller makes changes to the analog feedback system between macropulses. A simulation of such a system using real measured jitter data from the Stanford Linear Collider was shown to decrease the average rms jitter by over two and a half times. The system also increased and stabilized the correction at high frequencies; a typical problem with standard feedback systems 9. Position and out-of-straightness measurement of a precision linear air-bearing stage by using a two-degree-of-freedom linear encoder International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kimura, Akihide; Gao, Wei; Lijiang, Zeng 2010-01-01 This paper presents measurement of the X-directional position and the Z-directional out-of-straightness of a precision linear air-bearing stage with a two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) linear encoder, which is an optical displacement sensor for simultaneous measurement of the two-DOF displacements. The two-DOF linear encoder is composed of a reflective-type one-axis scale grating and an optical sensor head. A reference grating is placed perpendicular to the scale grating in the optical sensor head. Two-DOF displacements can be obtained from interference signals generated by the ±1 order diffracted beams from two gratings. A prototype two-DOF linear encoder employing the scale grating with the grating period of approximately 1.67 µm measured the X-directional position and the Z-directional out-of-straightness of the linear air-bearing stage 10. Sliding-Mode Observer for Speed and Position Sensorless Control of Linear-PMSM Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Kazraji Saeed Masoumi 2014-05-01 Full Text Available The paper presents a sliding-mode observer that utilizes sigmoid function for speed and position sensorless control of permanent-magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM. In conventional sliding mode observer method there are the chattering phenomenon and the phase lag. Thus, in order to avoid the usage of the low pass filter and the phase compensator based on back EMF, in this paper a sliding mode observer with sigmoid function for detecting the back EMF in a PMLSM is designed to estimate the speed and the position of the rotor. Most of conventional sliding mode observers use sign or saturation functions which need low pass filter in order to detect back electromotive force (back EMF. In this paper a sigmoid function is used instead of discontinuous sign function to decrease undesirable chattering phenomenon. By reducing the chattering, detecting of the back EMF can be made directly from switching signal without any low pass filter. Thus the delay time in the proposed observer is eliminated because of the low pass filter. Furthermore, there is no need to compensate phase fault in position and speed estimating of linear-PMSM. Advantages of the proposed observer have been shown by simulation with MATLAB software. 11. A Bayes linear Bayes method for estimation of correlated event rates. Science.gov (United States) Quigley, John; Wilson, Kevin J; Walls, Lesley; Bedford, Tim 2013-12-01 Typically, full Bayesian estimation of correlated event rates can be computationally challenging since estimators are intractable. When estimation of event rates represents one activity within a larger modeling process, there is an incentive to develop more efficient inference than provided by a full Bayesian model. We develop a new subjective inference method for correlated event rates based on a Bayes linear Bayes model under the assumption that events are generated from a homogeneous Poisson process. To reduce the elicitation burden we introduce homogenization factors to the model and, as an alternative to a subjective prior, an empirical method using the method of moments is developed. Inference under the new method is compared against estimates obtained under a full Bayesian model, which takes a multivariate gamma prior, where the predictive and posterior distributions are derived in terms of well-known functions. The mathematical properties of both models are presented. A simulation study shows that the Bayes linear Bayes inference method and the full Bayesian model provide equally reliable estimates. An illustrative example, motivated by a problem of estimating correlated event rates across different users in a simple supply chain, shows how ignoring the correlation leads to biased estimation of event rates. © 2013 Society for Risk Analysis. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Junko Kato 2009-05-01 Full Text Available Understanding changes in attitudes towards others is critical to understanding human behaviour. Neuropolitical studies have found that the activation of emotion-related areas in the brain is linked to resilient political preferences, and neuroeconomic research has analysed the neural correlates of social preferences that favour or oppose consideration of intrinsic rewards. This study aims to identify the neural correlates in the prefrontal cortices of changes in political attitudes toward others that are linked to social cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI experiments have presented videos from previous electoral campaigns and television commercials for major cola brands and then used the subjects’ self-rated affinity toward political candidates as behavioural indicators. After viewing negative campaign videos, subjects showing stronger fMRI activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lowered their ratings of the candidate they originally supported more than did those with smaller fMRI signal changes in the same region. Subjects showing stronger activation in the medial prefrontal cortex tended to increase their ratings more than did those with less activation. The same regions were not activated by viewing negative advertisements for cola. Correlations between the self-rated values and the neural signal changes underscore the metric representation of observed decisions (i.e., whether to support or not in the brain. This indicates that neurometric analysis may contribute to the exploration of the neural correlates of daily social behaviour. 13. Study of correlations of positive and negative charged particles International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Takahashi, Y.; Chan, C.H.; Dong, B.L.; Duthie, J.G.; Gregory, J.C.; Hayashi, T.; Yokomi, H.; Christl, M.J.; Derrickson, J.H.; Eby, P.B.; Fountain, W.F.; Parnell, T.A.; Roberts, F.E.; Nagamiya, S.; Dake, S.; Tominaga, T.; Fuki, M.; Iyono, A.; Ogata, T.; Miyamura, O. 1991-01-01 Particle correlations of the central collision events of 32 S + Pb at 200 GeV/AMU have been studied by utilizing a Magnetic-Interferomagnetic-Emulsion-Chamber (MAGIC) detector. Particle angles, momentum, and charge-signs are measured for all produced charged tracks for each event. Two-particle correlation functions, C 2 = dN (vertical strokep 1 - p 2 vertical stroke = q)/dp 1 dp 2 , for (++), (--) and (+-) particles are examined. A source radius around 4 - 6 fm is observed for overall identical particle correlations, while unexpected short-range correlations of unlike-sign pairs are observed in the high rapidity region. An analysis of unlike-sign pairs in terms of resonance decays indicated that a large amount (40% relative to pions) of η or ω mesons (decaying into 3 π), or of scalar iso-scalar σ mesons (decaying into 2 π) would be required to explain some of the data. Multi-particle charge-sign clusters are recognized; however, their 'run-test' and 'conjugate-test' show small deviations from statistical fluctuations. (orig.) Science.gov (United States) Kato, Junko; Ide, Hiroko; Kabashima, Ikuo; Kadota, Hiroshi; Takano, Kouji; Kansaku, Kenji 2009-01-01 Understanding changes in attitudes towards others is critical to understanding human behaviour. Neuropolitical studies have found that the activation of emotion-related areas in the brain is linked to resilient political preferences, and neuroeconomic research has analysed the neural correlates of social preferences that favour or oppose consideration of intrinsic rewards. This study aims to identify the neural correlates in the prefrontal cortices of changes in political attitudes toward others that are linked to social cognition. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments have presented videos from previous electoral campaigns and television commercials for major cola brands and then used the subjects' self-rated affinity toward political candidates as behavioural indicators. After viewing negative campaign videos, subjects showing stronger fMRI activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lowered their ratings of the candidate they originally supported more than did those with smaller fMRI signal changes in the same region. Subjects showing stronger activation in the medial prefrontal cortex tended to increase their ratings more than did those with less activation. The same regions were not activated by viewing negative advertisements for cola. Correlations between the self-rated values and the neural signal changes underscore the metric representation of observed decisions (i.e., whether to support or not) in the brain. This indicates that neurometric analysis may contribute to the exploration of the neural correlates of daily social behaviour. PMID:19503749 15. Long bunch trains measured using a prototype cavity beam position monitor for the Compact Linear Collider Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) F. J. Cullinan 2015-11-01 Full Text Available The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC requires beam position monitors (BPMs with 50 nm spatial resolution for alignment of the beam line elements in the main linac and beam delivery system. Furthermore, the BPMs must be able to make multiple independent measurements within a single 156 ns long bunch train. A prototype cavity BPM for CLIC has been manufactured and tested on the probe beam line at the 3rd CLIC Test Facility (CTF3 at CERN. The transverse beam position is determined from the electromagnetic resonant modes excited by the beam in the two cavities of the pickup, the position cavity and the reference cavity. The mode that is measured in each cavity resonates at 15 GHz and has a loaded quality factor that is below 200. Analytical expressions for the amplitude, phase and total energy of signals from long trains of bunches have been derived and the main conclusions are discussed. The results of the beam tests are presented. The variable gain of the receiver electronics has been characterized using beam excited signals and the form of the signals for different beam pulse lengths with the 2/3  ns bunch spacing has been observed. The sensitivity of the reference cavity signal to charge and the horizontal position signal to beam offset have been measured and are compared with theoretical predictions based on laboratory measurements of the BPM pickup and the form of the resonant cavity modes as determined by numerical simulation. Finally, the BPM was calibrated so that the beam position jitter at the BPM location could be measured. It is expected that the beam jitter scales linearly with the beam size and so the results are compared to predicted values for the latter. 16. Long bunch trains measured using a prototype cavity beam position monitor for the Compact Linear Collider Science.gov (United States) Cullinan, F. J.; Boogert, S. T.; Farabolini, W.; Lefevre, T.; Lunin, A.; Lyapin, A.; Søby, L.; Towler, J.; Wendt, M. 2015-11-01 The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) requires beam position monitors (BPMs) with 50 nm spatial resolution for alignment of the beam line elements in the main linac and beam delivery system. Furthermore, the BPMs must be able to make multiple independent measurements within a single 156 ns long bunch train. A prototype cavity BPM for CLIC has been manufactured and tested on the probe beam line at the 3rd CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN. The transverse beam position is determined from the electromagnetic resonant modes excited by the beam in the two cavities of the pickup, the position cavity and the reference cavity. The mode that is measured in each cavity resonates at 15 GHz and has a loaded quality factor that is below 200. Analytical expressions for the amplitude, phase and total energy of signals from long trains of bunches have been derived and the main conclusions are discussed. The results of the beam tests are presented. The variable gain of the receiver electronics has been characterized using beam excited signals and the form of the signals for different beam pulse lengths with the 2 /3 ns bunch spacing has been observed. The sensitivity of the reference cavity signal to charge and the horizontal position signal to beam offset have been measured and are compared with theoretical predictions based on laboratory measurements of the BPM pickup and the form of the resonant cavity modes as determined by numerical simulation. Finally, the BPM was calibrated so that the beam position jitter at the BPM location could be measured. It is expected that the beam jitter scales linearly with the beam size and so the results are compared to predicted values for the latter. 17. Characterization and linear array LA48 Commissioner for measuring the position of the multi leaf collimator International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Conles Picos, I.; Cenizo de Castro, E.; Aparicio martin, A. R.; Barrio Lazo, F.; Cesteros Morante, M. J. 2011-01-01 The protocol of Quality Control of electron accelerators for medical use of SEFM proposed for multi leaf collimation system (MLC) to verify the positioning of the blades connect. To do this you must find a system with sufficient accuracy and precision and, if possible, easy to assemble and offers real-time results. One of these teams is the Linear Array of PTW-Freiburg (LA48), which consists of a row of 47 ionization chambers, of 0008 cc and 8 mm apart from each other. In this paper, we describe our process of characterization and LA48 commissioner. (Author) 18. Minimum Energy Control of 2D Positive Continuous-Discrete Linear Systems Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2014-09-01 Full Text Available The minimum energy control problem for the 2D positive continuous-discrete linear systems is formulated and solved. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the reachability at the point of the systems are given. Sufficient conditions for the existence of solution to the problem are established. It is shown that if the system is reachable then there exists an optimal input that steers the state from zero boundary conditions to given final state and minimizing the performance index for only one step (q = 1. A procedure for solving of the problem is proposed and illustrated by a numerical example. 19. The development of an algebraic multigrid algorithm for symmetric positive definite linear systems Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Vanek, P.; Mandel, J.; Brezina, M. [Univ. of Colorado, Denver, CO (United States) 1996-12-31 An algebraic multigrid algorithm for symmetric, positive definite linear systems is developed based on the concept of prolongation by smoothed aggregation. Coarse levels are generated automatically. We present a set of requirements motivated heuristically by a convergence theory. The algorithm then attempts to satisfy the requirements. Input to the method are the coefficient matrix and zero energy modes, which are determined from nodal coordinates and knowledge of the differential equation. Efficiency of the resulting algorithm is demonstrated by computational results on real world problems from solid elasticity, plate blending, and shells. 20. The Validity and Reliability of the Gymaware Linear Position Transducer for Measuring Counter-Movement Jump Performance in Female Athletes Science.gov (United States) O'Donnell, Shannon; Tavares, Francisco; McMaster, Daniel; Chambers, Samuel; Driller, Matthew 2018-01-01 The current study aimed to assess the validity and test-retest reliability of a linear position transducer when compared to a force plate through a counter-movement jump in female participants. Twenty-seven female recreational athletes (19 ± 2 years) performed three counter-movement jumps simultaneously using the linear position transducer and… 1. Characterization of the order relation on the set of completely n-positive linear maps between C*-algebras Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Maria Joita 2007-12-01 Full Text Available In this paper we characterize the order relation on the set of all nondegenerate completely n-positive linear maps between C*-algebras in terms of a self-dual Hilbert module induced by each completely n-positive linear map. 2. Effect of correlation on covariate selection in linear and nonlinear mixed effect models. Science.gov (United States) Bonate, Peter L 2017-01-01 The effect of correlation among covariates on covariate selection was examined with linear and nonlinear mixed effect models. Demographic covariates were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III database. Concentration-time profiles were Monte Carlo simulated where only one covariate affected apparent oral clearance (CL/F). A series of univariate covariate population pharmacokinetic models was fit to the data and compared with the reduced model without covariate. The "best" covariate was identified using either the likelihood ratio test statistic or AIC. Weight and body surface area (calculated using Gehan and George equation, 1970) were highly correlated (r = 0.98). Body surface area was often selected as a better covariate than weight, sometimes as high as 1 in 5 times, when weight was the covariate used in the data generating mechanism. In a second simulation, parent drug concentration and three metabolites were simulated from a thorough QT study and used as covariates in a series of univariate linear mixed effects models of ddQTc interval prolongation. The covariate with the largest significant LRT statistic was deemed the "best" predictor. When the metabolite was formation-rate limited and only parent concentrations affected ddQTc intervals the metabolite was chosen as a better predictor as often as 1 in 5 times depending on the slope of the relationship between parent concentrations and ddQTc intervals. A correlated covariate can be chosen as being a better predictor than another covariate in a linear or nonlinear population analysis by sheer correlation These results explain why for the same drug different covariates may be identified in different analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 3. A simple method for identifying parameter correlations in partially observed linear dynamic models. Science.gov (United States) Li, Pu; Vu, Quoc Dong 2015-12-14 Parameter estimation represents one of the most significant challenges in systems biology. This is because biological models commonly contain a large number of parameters among which there may be functional interrelationships, thus leading to the problem of non-identifiability. Although identifiability analysis has been extensively studied by analytical as well as numerical approaches, systematic methods for remedying practically non-identifiable models have rarely been investigated. We propose a simple method for identifying pairwise correlations and higher order interrelationships of parameters in partially observed linear dynamic models. This is made by derivation of the output sensitivity matrix and analysis of the linear dependencies of its columns. Consequently, analytical relations between the identifiability of the model parameters and the initial conditions as well as the input functions can be achieved. In the case of structural non-identifiability, identifiable combinations can be obtained by solving the resulting homogenous linear equations. In the case of practical non-identifiability, experiment conditions (i.e. initial condition and constant control signals) can be provided which are necessary for remedying the non-identifiability and unique parameter estimation. It is noted that the approach does not consider noisy data. In this way, the practical non-identifiability issue, which is popular for linear biological models, can be remedied. Several linear compartment models including an insulin receptor dynamics model are taken to illustrate the application of the proposed approach. Both structural and practical identifiability of partially observed linear dynamic models can be clarified by the proposed method. The result of this method provides important information for experimental design to remedy the practical non-identifiability if applicable. The derivation of the method is straightforward and thus the algorithm can be easily implemented into a 4. Influence of a high vacuum on the precise positioning using an ultrasonic linear motor. Science.gov (United States) Kim, Wan-Soo; Lee, Dong-Jin; Lee, Sun-Kyu 2011-01-01 This paper presents an investigation of the ultrasonic linear motor stage for use in a high vacuum environment. The slider table is driven by the hybrid bolt-clamped Langevin-type ultrasonic linear motor, which is excited with its different modes of natural frequencies in both lateral and longitudinal directions. In general, the friction behavior in a vacuum environment becomes different from that in an environment of atmospheric pressure and this difference significantly affects the performance of the ultrasonic linear motor. In this paper, to consistently provide stable and high power of output in a high vacuum, frequency matching was conducted. Moreover, to achieve the fine control performance in the vacuum environment, a modified nominal characteristic trajectory following control method was adopted. Finally, the stage was operated under high vacuum condition, and the operating performances were investigated compared with that of a conventional PI compensator. As a result, robustness of positioning was accomplished in a high vacuum condition with nanometer-level accuracy. 5. Influence of a high vacuum on the precise positioning using an ultrasonic linear motor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kim, Wan-Soo; Lee, Dong-Jin; Lee, Sun-Kyu 2011-01-01 This paper presents an investigation of the ultrasonic linear motor stage for use in a high vacuum environment. The slider table is driven by the hybrid bolt-clamped Langevin-type ultrasonic linear motor, which is excited with its different modes of natural frequencies in both lateral and longitudinal directions. In general, the friction behavior in a vacuum environment becomes different from that in an environment of atmospheric pressure and this difference significantly affects the performance of the ultrasonic linear motor. In this paper, to consistently provide stable and high power of output in a high vacuum, frequency matching was conducted. Moreover, to achieve the fine control performance in the vacuum environment, a modified nominal characteristic trajectory following control method was adopted. Finally, the stage was operated under high vacuum condition, and the operating performances were investigated compared with that of a conventional PI compensator. As a result, robustness of positioning was accomplished in a high vacuum condition with nanometer-level accuracy. 6. Effects of socioeconomic position and social mobility on linear growth from early childhood until adolescence. Science.gov (United States) Muraro, Ana Paula; Souza, Rita Adriana Gomes de; Rodrigues, Paulo Rogério Melo; Ferreira, Márcia Gonçalves; Sichieri, Rosely 2017-01-01 To assess the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and social mobility on linear growth through adolescence in a population-based cohort. Children born in Cuiabá-MT, central-western Brazil, were evaluated during 1994 - 1999. They were first assessed during 1999 - 2000 (0 - 5 years) and again during 2009 - 2011 (10 - 17 years), and their height-for-age was evaluated during these two periods.Awealth index was used to classify the SEP of each child's family as low, medium, or high. Social mobility was categorized as upward mobility or no upward mobility. Linear mixed models were used. We evaluated 1,716 children (71.4% of baseline) after 10 years, and 60.6% of the families showed upward mobility, with a higher percentage among the lowest economic classes. A higher height-for-age was also observed among those from families with a high SEP both in childhood (low SEP= -0.35 z-score; high SEP= 0.15 z-score, p childhood and social mobility did not greatly influence linear growth through childhood in this central-western Brazilian cohort. 7. Family correlates of depression among hiv positive patients ... African Journals Online (AJOL) Background information: HIV infection may impact negatively on family relationship and vice versa. Members of the family of HIV positive patients may become frustrated because of the stigma of having a family member with HIV infection, and the burden of having to care for the patient. This can result into the family ... 8. Correlates of HIV stigma in HIV-positive women. Science.gov (United States) Wagner, Anne C; Hart, Trevor A; Mohammed, Saira; Ivanova, Elena; Wong, Joanna; Loutfy, Mona R 2010-06-01 We examined the variables associated with HIV stigma in HIV-positive women currently living in Ontario, Canada. Based on previous literature, we predicted that variables of social marginalization (e.g., ethnicity, income, education), medical variables (e.g., higher CD4 count, lower viral load), and increased psychological distress would be associated with higher perceived HIV stigma among HIV-positive women. One hundred fifty-nine HIV-positive women between the ages of 18 and 52 in Ontario completed self-report measures of the aforementioned variables. Women were recruited through 28 AIDS service organizations, eight HIV clinics, and two community health centers. In multiple regression analyses, for women born in Canada, lower educational level and higher anxiety were associated with higher HIV stigma. For women born outside of Canada, having been judged by a physician in Canada for trying to become pregnant was associated with higher HIV stigma. For HIV-positive women born outside of Canada, negative judgment by a physician regarding intentions to become pregnant should be addressed to reduce perceived HIV stigma and vice versa. Health care providers should be trained in the provision of sensitive and effective health care for women living with HIV, especially when providing reproductive health care. 9. Sociotropic personality traits positively correlate with the severity of ... African Journals Online (AJOL) psychology. ... concepts of sociotropy-autonomy, depression and anxiety. ... may have a positive impact on treatment outcome. ... Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) rates somatic, emotional, .... and may prospectively provide a contribution to the literature. ... Individual differences in ego depletion: The role of sociotropy-. 10. A 3D Printed Linear Pneumatic Actuator for Position, Force and Impedance Control Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jeremy Krause 2018-05-01 Full Text Available Although 3D printing has the potential to provide greater customization and to reduce the costs of creating actuators for industrial applications, the 3D printing of actuators is still a relatively new concept. We have developed a pneumatic actuator with 3D-printed parts and placed sensors for position and force control. So far, 3D printing has been used to create pneumatic actuators of the bellows type, thus having a limited travel distance, utilizing low pressures for actuation and being capable of only limited force production and response rates. In contrast, our actuator is linear with a large travel distance and operating at a relatively higher pressure, thus providing great forces and response rates, and this the main novelty of the work. We demonstrate solutions to key challenges that arise during the design and fabrication of 3D-printed linear actuators. These include: (1 the strategic use of metallic parts in high stress areas (i.e., the piston rod; (2 post-processing of the inner surface of the cylinder for smooth finish; (3 piston head design and seal placement for strong and leak-proof action; and (4 sensor choice and placement for position and force control. A permanent magnet placed in the piston head is detected using Hall effect sensors placed along the length of the cylinder to measure the position, and pressure sensors placed at the supply ports were used for force measurement. We demonstrate the actuator performing position, force and impedance control. Our work has the potential to open new avenues for creating less expensive, customizable and capable actuators for industrial and other applications. 11. Experience of Early Childhood Caries May Positively Correlate with Psychomotor Development. Science.gov (United States) Liang, Chen-Yi; Liu, Yen-Chun; Shieh, Tien-Yu; Lin, Jia-Rong; Tseng, Yi-Chun; Teng, Andy Yen-Tung 2015-01-01 To examine the as yet unknown relationship between dental caries and the child's psychomotor development. A cross-sectional study was designed by screening the kindergartens from urban areas of two cities in southern Taiwan. Besides the personal, demographic and dietary information, the common measures for caries (dmft) and the amended comprehensive scales (CCDI) for psychomotor development were used to assess their relationship(s). A power analysis showed that 334 subjects would be required. One-way ANOVA vs multiple linear regression analysis were used to compare the differences of variables between gender, age and dmft scales, vs the relationship among all variables tested, respectively. A total of 433 children completed the study. The results demonstrated that there was a positive relationship between higher (i.e. dmft≥4 and 5) but not lower or extremely high caries experience and aspects of psychomotor development (i.e. personal-social and expressive language) in children aged 4 to 6 years. The present results are important for paediatric dentists, as they suggest a positive correlation between caries experience (dmft 3 to 6) and psychomotor development in pre-school children and that such a correlation may occur more significantly as an attribute of the most affected teeth (incisors and molars) during the critical stage of personal-social and expressive language development (speech-communication). 12. Linearized semiclassical initial value time correlation functions with maximum entropy analytic continuation. Science.gov (United States) Liu, Jian; Miller, William H 2008-09-28 The maximum entropy analytic continuation (MEAC) method is used to extend the range of accuracy of the linearized semiclassical initial value representation (LSC-IVR)/classical Wigner approximation for real time correlation functions. LSC-IVR provides a very effective "prior" for the MEAC procedure since it is very good for short times, exact for all time and temperature for harmonic potentials (even for correlation functions of nonlinear operators), and becomes exact in the classical high temperature limit. This combined MEAC+LSC/IVR approach is applied here to two highly nonlinear dynamical systems, a pure quartic potential in one dimensional and liquid para-hydrogen at two thermal state points (25 and 14 K under nearly zero external pressure). The former example shows the MEAC procedure to be a very significant enhancement of the LSC-IVR for correlation functions of both linear and nonlinear operators, and especially at low temperature where semiclassical approximations are least accurate. For liquid para-hydrogen, the LSC-IVR is seen already to be excellent at T=25 K, but the MEAC procedure produces a significant correction at the lower temperature (T=14 K). Comparisons are also made as to how the MEAC procedure is able to provide corrections for other trajectory-based dynamical approximations when used as priors. 13. Long-range correlation in synchronization and syncopation tapping: a linear phase correction model. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Didier Delignières Full Text Available We propose in this paper a model for accounting for the increase in long-range correlations observed in asynchrony series in syncopation tapping, as compared with synchronization tapping. Our model is an extension of the linear phase correction model for synchronization tapping. We suppose that the timekeeper represents a fractal source in the system, and that a process of estimation of the half-period of the metronome, obeying a random-walk dynamics, combines with the linear phase correction process. Comparing experimental and simulated series, we show that our model allows accounting for the experimentally observed pattern of serial dependence. This model complete previous modeling solutions proposed for self-paced and synchronization tapping, for a unifying framework of event-based timing. 14. Tutorial on Biostatistics: Linear Regression Analysis of Continuous Correlated Eye Data. Science.gov (United States) Ying, Gui-Shuang; Maguire, Maureen G; Glynn, Robert; Rosner, Bernard 2017-04-01 To describe and demonstrate appropriate linear regression methods for analyzing correlated continuous eye data. We describe several approaches to regression analysis involving both eyes, including mixed effects and marginal models under various covariance structures to account for inter-eye correlation. We demonstrate, with SAS statistical software, applications in a study comparing baseline refractive error between one eye with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the unaffected fellow eye, and in a study determining factors associated with visual field in the elderly. When refractive error from both eyes were analyzed with standard linear regression without accounting for inter-eye correlation (adjusting for demographic and ocular covariates), the difference between eyes with CNV and fellow eyes was 0.15 diopters (D; 95% confidence interval, CI -0.03 to 0.32D, p = 0.10). Using a mixed effects model or a marginal model, the estimated difference was the same but with narrower 95% CI (0.01 to 0.28D, p = 0.03). Standard regression for visual field data from both eyes provided biased estimates of standard error (generally underestimated) and smaller p-values, while analysis of the worse eye provided larger p-values than mixed effects models and marginal models. In research involving both eyes, ignoring inter-eye correlation can lead to invalid inferences. Analysis using only right or left eyes is valid, but decreases power. Worse-eye analysis can provide less power and biased estimates of effect. Mixed effects or marginal models using the eye as the unit of analysis should be used to appropriately account for inter-eye correlation and maximize power and precision. 15. Development of an ultrasonic linear motor with ultra-positioning capability and four driving feet. Science.gov (United States) Zhu, Cong; Chu, Xiangcheng; Yuan, Songmei; Zhong, Zuojin; Zhao, Yanqiang; Gao, Shuning 2016-12-01 This paper presents a novel linear piezoelectric motor which is suitable for rapid ultra-precision positioning. The finite element analysis (FEA) was applied for optimal design and further analysis, then experiments were conducted to investigate its performance. By changing the input signal, the proposed motor was found capable of working in the fast driving mode as well as in the precision positioning mode. When working in the fast driving mode, the motor acts as an ultrasonic motor with maximum no-load speed up to 181.2mm/s and maximum thrust of 1.7N at 200Vp-p. Also, when working in precision positioning mode, the motor can be regarded as a flexible hinge piezoelectric actuator with arbitrary motion in the range of 8μm. The measurable minimum output displacement was found to be 0.08μm, but theoretically, can be even smaller. More importantly, the motor can be quickly and accurately positioned in a large stroke. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 16. An Introduction to the Use of Linear Models with Correlated Data Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Benoît Laplante 2001-12-01 conventional methods for estimating the variances of these estimates may yield biased results. These two problems are different, but they are related. This paper provides an introduction to the problems caused by correlated data and to possible solutions to these problems. First, we present the two problems and try to specify the relations between the two as clearly as possible. Second, we provide a critical presentation of random effects, mixed effects and hierarchical models that would help researchers to see their relevance in other kinds of linear models, particularly the so-called measurement models. 17. Inference from correlated patterns: a unified theory for perceptron learning and linear vector channels Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kabashima, Y [Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8502 (Japan)], E-mail: kaba@dis.titech.ac.jp 2008-01-15 A framework to analyze inference performance in densely connected single-layer feed-forward networks is developed for situations where a given data set is composed of correlated patterns. The framework is based on the assumption that the left and right singular value bases of the given pattern matrix are generated independently and uniformly from Haar measures. This assumption makes it possible to characterize the objective system by a single function of two variables which is determined by the eigenvalue spectrum of the cross-correlation matrix of the pattern matrix. Links to existing methods for analysis of perceptron learning and Gaussian linear vector channels and an application to a simple but nontrivial problem are also shown. 18. Inference from correlated patterns: a unified theory for perceptron learning and linear vector channels International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kabashima, Y 2008-01-01 A framework to analyze inference performance in densely connected single-layer feed-forward networks is developed for situations where a given data set is composed of correlated patterns. The framework is based on the assumption that the left and right singular value bases of the given pattern matrix are generated independently and uniformly from Haar measures. This assumption makes it possible to characterize the objective system by a single function of two variables which is determined by the eigenvalue spectrum of the cross-correlation matrix of the pattern matrix. Links to existing methods for analysis of perceptron learning and Gaussian linear vector channels and an application to a simple but nontrivial problem are also shown 19. Inference from correlated patterns: a unified theory for perceptron learning and linear vector channels Science.gov (United States) Kabashima, Y. 2008-01-01 A framework to analyze inference performance in densely connected single-layer feed-forward networks is developed for situations where a given data set is composed of correlated patterns. The framework is based on the assumption that the left and right singular value bases of the given pattern matrix are generated independently and uniformly from Haar measures. This assumption makes it possible to characterize the objective system by a single function of two variables which is determined by the eigenvalue spectrum of the cross-correlation matrix of the pattern matrix. Links to existing methods for analysis of perceptron learning and Gaussian linear vector channels and an application to a simple but nontrivial problem are also shown. 20. Markov Jump Linear Systems-Based Position Estimation for Lower Limb Exoskeletons Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Samuel L. Nogueira 2014-01-01 Full Text Available In this paper, we deal with Markov Jump Linear Systems-based filtering applied to robotic rehabilitation. The angular positions of an impedance-controlled exoskeleton, designed to help stroke and spinal cord injured patients during walking rehabilitation, are estimated. Standard position estimate approaches adopt Kalman filters (KF to improve the performance of inertial measurement units (IMUs based on individual link configurations. Consequently, for a multi-body system, like a lower limb exoskeleton, the inertial measurements of one link (e.g., the shank are not taken into account in other link position estimation (e.g., the foot. In this paper, we propose a collective modeling of all inertial sensors attached to the exoskeleton, combining them in a Markovian estimation model in order to get the best information from each sensor. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, simulation results regarding a set of human footsteps, with four IMUs and three encoders attached to the lower limb exoskeleton, are presented. A comparative study between the Markovian estimation system and the standard one is performed considering a wide range of parametric uncertainties. 1. Extending Local Canonical Correlation Analysis to Handle General Linear Contrasts for fMRI Data Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mingwu Jin 2012-01-01 Full Text Available Local canonical correlation analysis (CCA is a multivariate method that has been proposed to more accurately determine activation patterns in fMRI data. In its conventional formulation, CCA has several drawbacks that limit its usefulness in fMRI. A major drawback is that, unlike the general linear model (GLM, a test of general linear contrasts of the temporal regressors has not been incorporated into the CCA formalism. To overcome this drawback, a novel directional test statistic was derived using the equivalence of multivariate multiple regression (MVMR and CCA. This extension will allow CCA to be used for inference of general linear contrasts in more complicated fMRI designs without reparameterization of the design matrix and without reestimating the CCA solutions for each particular contrast of interest. With the proper constraints on the spatial coefficients of CCA, this test statistic can yield a more powerful test on the inference of evoked brain regional activations from noisy fMRI data than the conventional t-test in the GLM. The quantitative results from simulated and pseudoreal data and activation maps from fMRI data were used to demonstrate the advantage of this novel test statistic. 2. Linear free energy correlations for fission product release from the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear accident. Science.gov (United States) Abrecht, David G; Schwantes, Jon M 2015-03-03 This paper extends the preliminary linear free energy correlations for radionuclide release performed by Schwantes et al., following the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Through evaluations of the molar fractionations of radionuclides deposited in the soil relative to modeled radionuclide inventories, we confirm the initial source of the radionuclides to the environment to be from active reactors rather than the spent fuel pool. Linear correlations of the form In χ = −α ((ΔGrxn°(TC))/(RTC)) + β were obtained between the deposited concentrations, and the reduction potentials of the fission product oxide species using multiple reduction schemes to calculate ΔG°rxn (TC). These models allowed an estimate of the upper bound for the reactor temperatures of TC between 2015 and 2060 K, providing insight into the limiting factors to vaporization and release of fission products during the reactor accident. Estimates of the release of medium-lived fission products 90Sr, 121mSn, 147Pm, 144Ce, 152Eu, 154Eu, 155Eu, and 151Sm through atmospheric venting during the first month following the accident were obtained, indicating that large quantities of 90Sr and radioactive lanthanides were likely to remain in the damaged reactor cores. 3. Definition of a reference metrology network for the positioning of a large linear accelerator International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Becker, F. 2003-12-01 This thesis is a study of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) alignment system, a project of linear accelerator of about 30 km long of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The pre-alignment tolerance on the transverse positions of the components of the CLIC linacs is typically ten microns over distances of 200 m. This research is a consequence of 10 years work, where several sets of special sensors dedicated to metrology have been adapted for the CLIC project. Most of these sensors deliver measurements linked to geometric references sensitive to gravity fluctuation. An important part of this work is therefore dedicated to study the gravity disruptions as a high level of accuracy is required. The parameters to take into account in the use of the hydrostatic leveling have thus been highlighted. A proposal of configuration of the system alignment based on a selection of sensors has also been given in this research. Computer models of different possible configurations have been presented. As the existing computing software was inappropriate, a new object oriented software package has been developed, to ensure future upgrades. An optimized configuration of the network has been defined from a set of simulations. Finally, due to problems in the use of hydrostatic leveling systems, a solution based on the use of a long laser beam as an alternative solution is discussed. (author) 4. Death attitudes and positive coping in Spanish nursing undergraduates: a cross-sectional and correlational study. Science.gov (United States) 2015-09-01 To analyse the relationship between death attitudes, emotional intelligence, resilience and self-esteem in a sample of nursing undergraduates. The death attitudes held by nursing students may influence the care they offer to end-of-life patients and their families. Emotional intelligence, resilience and self-esteem are important social and emotional competencies for coping positively with death and dying. Cross-sectional and correlational study. Participants were 760 nursing undergraduates from four nursing schools in Spain. Data were collected in 2013-2014. The students responded anonymously to a self-report questionnaire that gathered socio-demographic data and which assessed the following aspects: fear of death (Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale), death anxiety (Death Anxiety Inventory-Revised), perceived emotional intelligence (Trait Meta-Mood Scale, with its three dimensions: attention, clarity and repair), resilience (Brief Resilient Coping Scale) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). In addition to descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, mean differences, correlations and regression analyses were computed. Linear regression analysis indicated that attention to feelings, resilience and self-esteem are the significant predictors of death anxiety. The results show that death anxiety and fear of death are modulated by social and emotional competencies associated with positive coping. The training offered to future nurses should include not only scientific knowledge and technical skills but also strategies for developing social and emotional competencies. In this way, they will be better equipped to cope positively and constructively with the suffering and death they encounter at work, thus helping them to offer compassionate patient-centred care and minimising the distress they experience in the process. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 5. On the Existence and Robustness of Steady Position-Momentum Correlations for Time-Dependent Quadratic Systems Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) M. Gianfreda 2012-01-01 Full Text Available We discuss conditions giving rise to stationary position-momentum correlations among quantum states in the Fock and coherent basis associated with the natural invariant for the one-dimensional time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian operators such as the Kanai-Caldirola Hamiltonian. We also discuss some basic features such as quantum decoherence of the wave functions resulting from the corresponding quantum dynamics of these systems that exhibit no timedependence in their quantum correlations. In particular, steady statistical momentum averages are seen over well-defined time intervals in the evolution of a linear superposition of the basis states of modified exponentially damped mass systems. 6. Cognitive ability correlates positively with son birth and predicts cross-cultural variation of the offspring sex ratio Science.gov (United States) 2013-06-01 Human populations show remarkable variation in the sex ratio at birth which is believed to be related to the parental condition. In the present study, the global variation of sex ratio at birth (SRB, proportion of male offspring born) was analyzed with respect to indirect measure of condition, the intelligence quotient (IQ). IQ correlates strongly with lifespan across nations, which makes it a good indicator of health of the large populations. Relation between three standard measures of average national IQ and SRB was studied using multiple linear regression models. Average national IQ was positively correlated with SRB ( r = 0.54 to 0.57, p difference in general condition of populations. 7. An Automated Magnet Positioning System For Use in the Next Linear Collider International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Viola, Robert J. 2006-01-01 The Next Linear Collider (NLC) is conceived as the world's most powerful electron-positron particle accelerator. Throughout the NLC, the beam itself will be used to measure errors in the positions of the lattice elements. This beam-based alignment strategy is an essential element of the NLC's design and precision adjustment systems have been identified as a critical enabling technology. Square One proposes a new type of precision manipulator that could be adapted for applications throughout the accelerator. As envisioned, this ''Tri-Sphere'' Adjustment System will possess up to six, non-redundant degrees of freedom, be capable of sub-micron resolutions and have ultimate load capacities in excess of 10,000 kg. The system will accommodate thermal expansions and contractions of the objects being supported and can be either motorized or manually actuated. Phase I development tasks will include detailed manipulator design, solution of the associated kinematic equations of motion and evaluation of actuators, gear reducers and transmission systems. The Phase I effort will culminate in the fabrication and full evaluation of a system prototype. A successfully developed Tri-Sphere manipulator could also be used to actively position critical fusion optics, adjust communication dishes or perform parts handling tasks in harsh manufacturing environments 8. Correlation function for density perturbations in an expanding universe. I. Linear theory International Nuclear Information System (INIS) McClelland, J.; Silk, J. 1977-01-01 We derive analytic solutions for the evolution of linearized adiabatic spherically symmetric density perturbations and the two-point correlation function in two regimes of the early universe: the radiation-dominated regime prior to decoupling, and the matter-dominated regime after decoupling. The solutions are for an Einstein--de Sitter universe, and include pressure effects. In the radiation era, we find that individual spherically symmetric adiabatic density perturbations smaller than the Jeans length flow outward like water waves instead of oscillating as infinite plane waves. It seems likely that the only primordial structures on scales smaller than the maximum Jeans length which could survive are very regular waves such as infinite plane waves. However, structure does build up in the correlation function over distances comparable with the maximum Jeans length in the radiation regime, and could lead to the eventual formation of galaxy superclusters. This scale (approx.10 17 Ω -2 M/sub sun)/therefore provides a natural dimension for large-scale structure arising out of the early universe. A general technique is described for constructing solutions for the evolution of the two-point correlation function, and applied to study white noise and power-law initial conditions for primordial inhomogeneities 9. Data acquisition system for linear position sensitive detector based neutron diffractometer International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Pande, S.S.; Borkar, S.P.; Behere, A.; Prafulla, S.; Srivastava, V.D.; Mukhopadhyaya, P.K.; Ghodgaonkar, M.D.; Kataria, S.K. 2003-03-01 This data acquisition system is developed to serve the requirements of various linear 1PSD based neutron diffractometers. A neutron diffractometer uses a neutron beam as a probe to study the crystallographic properties of materials. Presently two multi-PSD and two single-PSD diffractometers are commissioned and a few more are being installed in Dhruva. This data acquisition system is installed at each of these - diffractometers. Different requirements of individual diffractometers were studied and reconciled to design a single data acquisition system, which can be easily configured or customized for individual setups. The charge division in a linear PSD is converted to a position output with the help of an RDC (Ratio ADC). The ftont-end electronics, which consist of preamplifiers and shaping amplifiers, provide an interface between a PSD and an RDC. A PC add-on card is designed around a Transputer. It can interface 16 RDCs, a few motor controls and on/off controls. Data acquisition and other controls are implemented in the Transputer program. A front-end Windows98 application merges the raw data of different RDCs to obtain the equiangular data. Through software the data acquisition system can be configured for diffetent diffractometers. Commercially available hardware is also integrated as,a part of the data acquisition system in some of the setups. The data acquisition system is working reliably as a part of two single PSD and two multi-PSD diffractometers. It can handle data rates upto 15 K/Sec without any loss of counts. It has played a significant role in providing improved throughput and utilization ofvarious diffractometers. The'data acquisition system and its different applications are presented in this report. (author) 10. Linear Analysis of Autonomic Activity and Its Correlation with Creatine Kinase-MB in Overt Thyroid Dysfunctions. Science.gov (United States) Mavai, Manisha; Singh, Yogendra Raj; Gupta, R C; Mathur, Sandeep K; Bhandari, Bharti 2018-04-01 Autonomic activity may be deranged in thyroid dysfunctions and may lead to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Myopathy is a common manifestation in thyroid disorders and may be associated with raised serum creatine kinase (CK). We hypothesized that cardiovascular abnormality in thyroid dysfunction may manifest as raised CK-MB. This study was designed to investigate the correlation of CK and its isoform CK-MB with thyroid profile and linear parameters of heart rate variability (HRV). The study was conducted on 35 hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients each, and 25 age-matched healthy controls. Autonomic activity was assessed by simple short term 5-min HRV. Biochemical evaluation of serum thyroid profile, CK-NAC and CK-MB were estimated in all the subjects. Our results demonstrated low HRV in hypo- as well as hyperthyroid patients. We observed significantly higher serum CK levels in hypothyroid patients when compared to hyperthyroids and controls. However, no significant differences were observed in CK-MB levels in the three groups. Significant positive correlation of CK with TSH and negative correlation with some HRV parameters (LF power, HF power, total power, SDNN, RMSSD) was observed in hypothyroid patients. Whereas correlation of CK-MB with thyroid profile as well as HRV parameters was non-significant in all the groups. Based on the CK and CK-MB findings and their correlation, we conclude that the cardiovascular changes seen in thyroid dysfunctions may primarily be due to autonomic imbalance without apparent cardiac muscle involvement. Whereas, raised CK levels indicate predominantly skeletal muscle involvement in hypothyroid patients. 11. Non-linear characteristics and long-range correlations in Asian stock markets Science.gov (United States) Jiang, J.; Ma, K.; Cai, X. 2007-05-01 We test several non-linear characteristics of Asian stock markets, which indicates the failure of efficient market hypothesis and shows the essence of fractal of the financial markets. In addition, by using the method of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to investigate the long range correlation of the volatility in the stock markets, we find that the crossover phenomena exist in the results of DFA. Further, in the region of small volatility, the scaling behavior is more complicated; in the region of large volatility, the scaling exponent is close to 0.5, which suggests the market is more efficient. All these results may indicate the possibility of characteristic multifractal scaling behaviors of the financial markets. 12. Correlation between metal-ceramic bond strength and coefficient of linear thermal expansion difference Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Stella Crosara Lopes 2009-04-01 Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metal-ceramic bond strength (MCBS of 6 metal-ceramic pairs (2 Ni-Cr alloys and 1 Pd-Ag alloy with 2 dental ceramics and correlate the MCBS values with the differences between the coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CTEs of the metals and ceramics. Verabond (VB Ni-Cr-Be alloy, Verabond II (VB2, Ni-Cr alloy, Pors-on 4 (P, Pd-Ag alloy, and IPS (I and Duceram (D ceramics were used for the MCBS test and dilatometric test. Forty-eight ceramic rings were built around metallic rods (3.0 mm in diameter and 70.0 mm in length made from the evaluated alloys. The rods were subsequently embedded in gypsum cast in order to perform a tensile load test, which enabled calculating the CMBS. Five specimens (2.0 mm in diameter and 12.0 mm in length of each material were made for the dilatometric test. The chromel-alumel thermocouple required for the test was welded into the metal test specimens and inserted into the ceramics. ANOVA and Tukey's test revealed significant differences (p=0.01 for the MCBS test results (MPa, with PI showing higher MCBS (67.72 than the other pairs, which did not present any significant differences. The CTE (10-6 oC-1 differences were: VBI (0.54, VBD (1.33, VB2I (-0.14, VB2D (0.63, PI (1.84 and PD (2.62. Pearson's correlation test (r=0.17 was performed to evaluate of correlation between MCBS and CTE differences. Within the limitations of this study and based on the obtained results, there was no correlation between MCBS and CTE differences for the evaluated metal-ceramic pairs. 13. Correlation between metal-ceramic bond strength and coefficient of linear thermal expansion difference. Science.gov (United States) Lopes, Stella Crosara; Pagnano, Valéria Oliveira; Rollo, João Manuel Domingos de Almeida; Leal, Mônica Barbosa; Bezzon, Osvaldo Luiz 2009-01-01 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metal-ceramic bond strength (MCBS) of 6 metal-ceramic pairs (2 Ni-Cr alloys and 1 Pd-Ag alloy with 2 dental ceramics) and correlate the MCBS values with the differences between the coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CTEs) of the metals and ceramics. Verabond (VB) Ni-Cr-Be alloy, Verabond II (VB2), Ni-Cr alloy, Pors-on 4 (P), Pd-Ag alloy, and IPS (I) and Duceram (D) ceramics were used for the MCBS test and dilatometric test. Forty-eight ceramic rings were built around metallic rods (3.0 mm in diameter and 70.0 mm in length) made from the evaluated alloys. The rods were subsequently embedded in gypsum cast in order to perform a tensile load test, which enabled calculating the CMBS. Five specimens (2.0 mm in diameter and 12.0 mm in length) of each material were made for the dilatometric test. The chromel-alumel thermocouple required for the test was welded into the metal test specimens and inserted into the ceramics. ANOVA and Tukey's test revealed significant differences (p=0.01) for the MCBS test results (MPa), with PI showing higher MCBS (67.72) than the other pairs, which did not present any significant differences. The CTE (10(-6) oC(-1)) differences were: VBI (0.54), VBD (1.33), VB2I (-0.14), VB2D (0.63), PI (1.84) and PD (2.62). Pearson's correlation test (r=0.17) was performed to evaluate of correlation between MCBS and CTE differences. Within the limitations of this study and based on the obtained results, there was no correlation between MCBS and CTE differences for the evaluated metal-ceramic pairs. 14. Linear and nonlinear market correlations: Characterizing financial crises and portfolio optimization Science.gov (United States) Haluszczynski, Alexander; Laut, Ingo; Modest, Heike; Räth, Christoph 2017-12-01 Pearson correlation and mutual information-based complex networks of the day-to-day returns of U.S. S&P500 stocks between 1985 and 2015 have been constructed to investigate the mutual dependencies of the stocks and their nature. We show that both networks detect qualitative differences especially during (recent) turbulent market periods, thus indicating strongly fluctuating interconnections between the stocks of different companies in changing economic environments. A measure for the strength of nonlinear dependencies is derived using surrogate data and leads to interesting observations during periods of financial market crises. In contrast to the expectation that dependencies reduce mainly to linear correlations during crises, we show that (at least in the 2008 crisis) nonlinear effects are significantly increasing. It turns out that the concept of centrality within a network could potentially be used as some kind of an early warning indicator for abnormal market behavior as we demonstrate with the example of the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis. Finally, we apply a Markowitz mean variance portfolio optimization and integrate the measure of nonlinear dependencies to scale the investment exposure. This leads to significant outperformance as compared to a fully invested portfolio. 15. The correlation function for density perturbations in an expanding universe. I - Linear theory Science.gov (United States) Mcclelland, J.; Silk, J. 1977-01-01 The evolution of the two-point correlation function for adiabatic density perturbations in the early universe is studied. Analytical solutions are obtained for the evolution of linearized spherically symmetric adiabatic density perturbations and the two-point correlation function for these perturbations in the radiation-dominated portion of the early universe. The results are then extended to the regime after decoupling. It is found that: (1) adiabatic spherically symmetric perturbations comparable in scale with the maximum Jeans length would survive the radiation-dominated regime; (2) irregular fluctuations are smoothed out up to the scale of the maximum Jeans length in the radiation era, but regular fluctuations might survive on smaller scales; (3) in general, the only surviving structures for irregularly shaped adiabatic density perturbations of arbitrary but finite scale in the radiation regime are the size of or larger than the maximum Jeans length in that regime; (4) infinite plane waves with a wavelength smaller than the maximum Jeans length but larger than the critical dissipative damping scale could survive the radiation regime; and (5) black holes would also survive the radiation regime and might accrete sufficient mass after decoupling to nucleate the formation of galaxies. 16. Correlation of concentration of modified cassava flour for banana fritter flour using simple linear regression Science.gov (United States) Herminiati, A.; Rahman, T.; Turmala, E.; Fitriany, C. G. 2017-12-01 The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of different concentrations of modified cassava flour that was processed for banana fritter flour. The research method consists of two stages: (1) to determine the different types of flour: cassava flour, modified cassava flour-A (using the method of the lactid acid bacteria), and modified cassava flour-B (using the method of the autoclaving cooling cycle), then conducted on organoleptic test and physicochemical analysis; (2) to determine the correlation of concentration of modified cassava flour for banana fritter flour, by design was used simple linear regression. The factors were used different concentrations of modified cassava flour-B (y1) 40%, (y2) 50%, and (y3) 60%. The response in the study includes physical analysis (whiteness of flour, water holding capacity-WHC, oil holding capacity-OHC), chemical analysis (moisture content, ash content, crude fiber content, starch content), and organoleptic (color, aroma, taste, texture). The results showed that the type of flour selected from the organoleptic test was modified cassava flour-B. Analysis results of modified cassava flour-B component containing whiteness of flour 60.42%; WHC 41.17%; OHC 21.15%; moisture content 4.4%; ash content 1.75%; crude fiber content 1.86%; starch content 67.31%. The different concentrations of modified cassava flour-B with the results of the analysis provides correlation to the whiteness of flour, WHC, OHC, moisture content, ash content, crude fiber content, and starch content. The different concentrations of modified cassava flour-B does not affect the color, aroma, taste, and texture. 17. Positive solution of non-square fully Fuzzy linear system of equation in general form using least square method Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Reza Ezzati 2014-08-01 Full Text Available In this paper, we propose the least square method for computing the positive solution of a non-square fully fuzzy linear system. To this end, we use Kaffman' arithmetic operations on fuzzy numbers \\cite{17}. Here, considered existence of exact solution using pseudoinverse, if they are not satisfy in positive solution condition, we will compute fuzzy vector core and then we will obtain right and left spreads of positive fuzzy vector by introducing constrained least squares problem. Using our proposed method, non-square fully fuzzy linear system of equations always has a solution. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency of proposed method by solving some numerical examples. 18. On the relationship between positive and negative affect: Their correlation and their co-occurrence. Science.gov (United States) Larsen, Jeff T; Hershfield, Hal E; Stastny, Bradley J; Hester, Neil 2017-03-01 Understanding the nature of emotional experience requires understanding the relationship between positive and negative affect. Two particularly important aspects of that relationship are the extent to which positive and negative affect are correlated with one another and the extent to which they co-occur. Some researchers have assumed that weak negative correlations imply greater co-occurrence (i.e., more mixed emotions) than do strong negative correlations, but others have noted that correlations may imply very little about co-occurrence. We investigated the relationship between the correlation between positive and negative affect and co-occurrence. Participants in each of 2 samples provided moment-to-moment happiness and sadness ratings as they watched an evocative film and listened to music. Results indicated (a) that 4 measures of the correlation between positive and negative affect were quite highly related to 1 another; (b) that the strength of the correlation between measures of mixed emotions varied considerably; (c) that correlational measures were generally (but not always) weakly correlated with mixed emotion measures; and (d) that bittersweet stimuli consistently led to elevations in mixed emotion measures but did not consistently weaken the correlation between positive and negative affect. Results highlight that the correlation between positive and negative affect and their co-occurrence are distinct aspects of the relationship between positive and negative affect. Such insight helps clarify the implications of existing work on age-related and cultural differences in emotional experience and sets the stage for greater understanding of the experience of mixed emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved). 19. Transcription factors, coregulators, and epigenetic marks are linearly correlated and highly redundant. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tobias Ahsendorf Full Text Available The DNA microstates that regulate transcription include sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs, coregulatory complexes, nucleosomes, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and parts of the three-dimensional architecture of genomes, which could create an enormous combinatorial complexity across the genome. However, many proteins and epigenetic marks are known to colocalize, suggesting that the information content encoded in these marks can be compressed. It has so far proved difficult to understand this compression in a systematic and quantitative manner. Here, we show that simple linear models can reliably predict the data generated by the ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics consortia. Further, we demonstrate that a small number of marks can predict all other marks with high average correlation across the genome, systematically revealing the substantial information compression that is present in different cell lines. We find that the linear models for activating marks are typically cell line-independent, while those for silencing marks are predominantly cell line-specific. Of particular note, a nuclear receptor corepressor, transducin beta-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBLR1, was highly predictive of other marks in two hematopoietic cell lines. The methodology presented here shows how the potentially vast complexity of TFs, coregulators, and epigenetic marks at eukaryotic genes is highly redundant and that the information present can be compressed onto a much smaller subset of marks. These findings could be used to efficiently characterize cell lines and tissues based on a small number of diagnostic marks and suggest how the DNA microstates, which regulate the expression of individual genes, can be specified. 20. On the Validity of the Streaming Model for the Redshift-Space Correlation Function in the Linear Regime Science.gov (United States) Fisher, Karl B. 1995-08-01 The relation between the galaxy correlation functions in real-space and redshift-space is derived in the linear regime by an appropriate averaging of the joint probability distribution of density and velocity. The derivation recovers the familiar linear theory result on large scales but has the advantage of clearly revealing the dependence of the redshift distortions on the underlying peculiar velocity field; streaming motions give rise to distortions of θ(Ω0.6/b) while variations in the anisotropic velocity dispersion yield terms of order θ(Ω1.2/b2). This probabilistic derivation of the redshift-space correlation function is similar in spirit to the derivation of the commonly used "streaming" model, in which the distortions are given by a convolution of the real-space correlation function with a velocity distribution function. The streaming model is often used to model the redshift-space correlation function on small, highly nonlinear, scales. There have been claims in the literature, however, that the streaming model is not valid in the linear regime. Our analysis confirms this claim, but we show that the streaming model can be made consistent with linear theory provided that the model for the streaming has the functional form predicted by linear theory and that the velocity distribution is chosen to be a Gaussian with the correct linear theory dispersion. 1. Positive aspects of caregiving and its correlates in caregivers of schizophrenia: a study from north India. Science.gov (United States) Kate, N; Grover, S; Kulhara, P; Nehra, R 2013-06-01 OBJECTIVE. To study the positive aspects of caregiving and its correlates in primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS. A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers were evaluated. Regarding the caregivers, their positive aspects of caregiving were assessed on the Scale for Positive Aspects of Caregiving Experience (SPACE). To examine the correlates of positive aspects of caregiving, they were also assessed on the Family Burden Interview (FBI) Schedule, the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ), coping checklist, the Social Support Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (Hindi version), the WHO Quality of Life-Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs Scale, as well as the General Health Questionnaire-12. The patients were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. RESULTS. On the SPACE, the highest mean score was seen in the domain of motivation for the caregiving role (2.7), followed by that of caregiver satisfaction (2.4) and caregiver gains (2.3). The mean score was least for the domain of self-esteem and social aspect of caring (1.9). The SPACE domain of caregiver satisfaction correlated negatively with many aspects of burden as assessed by FBI Schedule and coping as assessed by the coping checklist; whereas the self-esteem and social aspect of caring domain correlated positively with worrying-urging II domain and the total IEQ score. No significant correlations between the SPACE and socio-demographics as well as most of the clinical variables were noted. Motivation for the caregiving had a positive correlation with the PANSS negative symptom scale. Multiple correlations were found between the SPACE and quality of life, suggesting that higher positive caregiving experience was associated with better quality of life in caregivers. CONCLUSION. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia do enjoy positive aspects of 2. Generalised linear models for correlated pseudo-observations, with applications to multi-state models DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Andersen, Per Kragh; Klein, John P.; Rosthøj, Susanne 2003-01-01 Generalised estimating equation; Generalised linear model; Jackknife pseudo-value; Logistic regression; Markov Model; Multi-state model......Generalised estimating equation; Generalised linear model; Jackknife pseudo-value; Logistic regression; Markov Model; Multi-state model... 3. Causal correlation of foliar biochemical concentrations with AVIRIS spectra using forced entry linear regression Science.gov (United States) Dawson, Terence P.; Curran, Paul J.; Kupiec, John A. 1995-01-01 A major goal of airborne imaging spectrometry is to estimate the biochemical composition of vegetation canopies from reflectance spectra. Remotely-sensed estimates of foliar biochemical concentrations of forests would provide valuable indicators of ecosystem function at regional and eventually global scales. Empirical research has shown a relationship exists between the amount of radiation reflected from absorption features and the concentration of given biochemicals in leaves and canopies (Matson et al., 1994, Johnson et al., 1994). A technique commonly used to determine which wavelengths have the strongest correlation with the biochemical of interest is unguided (stepwise) multiple regression. Wavelengths are entered into a multivariate regression equation, in their order of importance, each contributing to the reduction of the variance in the measured biochemical concentration. A significant problem with the use of stepwise regression for determining the correlation between biochemical concentration and spectra is that of 'overfitting' as there are significantly more wavebands than biochemical measurements. This could result in the selection of wavebands which may be more accurately attributable to noise or canopy effects. In addition, there is a real problem of collinearity in that the individual biochemical concentrations may covary. A strong correlation between the reflectance at a given wavelength and the concentration of a biochemical of interest, therefore, may be due to the effect of another biochemical which is closely related. Furthermore, it is not always possible to account for potentially suitable waveband omissions in the stepwise selection procedure. This concern about the suitability of stepwise regression has been identified and acknowledged in a number of recent studies (Wessman et al., 1988, Curran, 1989, Curran et al., 1992, Peterson and Hubbard, 1992, Martine and Aber, 1994, Kupiec, 1994). These studies have pointed to the lack of a physical 4. Esophageal transit time in patients with chagasic megaesophagus: Lack of linear correlation between dysphagia and grade of dilatation. Science.gov (United States) Martins, Paula; Ferreira, Cid Sergio; Cunha-Melo, José Renan 2018-03-01 The aim of this study was to determine the esophageal transit time in control individuals and in chagasic patients with or without megaesophagus.A total of 148 patients were allocated in 6 groups according to serological diagnostic of Chagas disease and the degree of esophageal dilatation: A, control healthy individuals (n = 34, 22.9%); B, indeterminate form (n = 23, 15.5%); C, megaesophagus I (n = 37, 25.0%); D, megaesophagus II (n = 19, 12.8%); E, megaesophagus III (n = 21, 14.2%); and F, megaesophagus IV (n = 14, 9.5%). After 8-hour fasting, patients were asked to swallow 75 mL of barium sulfate solution. x-Rays were obtained after 8, 30, 60, and 90 seconds, 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90 minutes, 2, 6, 12, 24 hours, and at every 12 hours until no more contrast was seen in the esophagus. This was the transit time.The transit time varied from 8 seconds to 36 hours (median = 90 seconds). A linear correlation was observed between transit time and megaesophagus grade: 8 seconds in groups A and B, 5 minutes in C, 30 minutes in D, 2 hours in E, and 9:15 hours in F. Dysphagia was not reported by 60 of 114 (52.6%) patients with positive serological tests for Chagas disease (37/91-40.7%-of patients with megaesophagus I-IV grades). The esophageal transit time increased with the grade of megaesophagus.The esophageal transit time has a direct correlation with the grade of megaesophagus; dysphagia complaint correlates with the grade of megaesophagus. However, many patients with megaesophagus do not report dysphagia. 5. Lateral sesamoid position in hallux valgus: correlation with the conventional radiological assessment. Science.gov (United States) Agrawal, Yuvraj; Desai, Aravind; Mehta, Jaysheel 2011-12-01 We aimed to quantify the severity of the hallux valgus based on the lateral sesamoid position and to establish a correlation of our simple assessment method with the conventional radiological assessments. We reviewed one hundred and twenty two dorso-plantar weight bearing radiographs of feet. The intermetatarsal and hallux valgus angles were measured by the conventional methods; and the position of lateral sesamoid in relation to first metatarsal neck was assessed by our new and simple method. Significant correlation was noted between intermetatarsal angle and lateral sesamoid position (Rho 0.74, p lateral sesamoid position and hallux valgus angle (Rho 0.56, p lateral sesamoid position is simple, less time consuming and has statistically significant correlation with that of the established conventional radiological measurements. Copyright © 2011 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 6. Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability are Correlated with Purpose in Life and Degree of Optimism in Anxiety Disorder Patients. Science.gov (United States) Oh, Jihoon; Chae, Jeong-Ho 2018-04-01 Although heart rate variability (HRV) may be a crucial marker of mental health, how it is related to positive psychological factors (i.e. attitude to life and positive thinking) is largely unknown. Here we investigated the correlation of HRV linear and nonlinear dynamics with psychological scales that measured degree of optimism and happiness in patients with anxiety disorders. Results showed that low- to high-frequency HRV ratio (LF/HF) was increased and the HRV HF parameter was decreased in subjects who were more optimistic and who felt happier in daily living. Nonlinear analysis also showed that HRV dispersion and regulation were significantly correlated with the subjects' optimism and purpose in life. Our findings showed that HRV properties might be related to degree of optimistic perspectives on life and suggests that HRV markers of autonomic nervous system function could reflect positive human mind states. 7. Kalman filter with a linear state model for PDR+WLAN positioning and its application to assisting a particle filter Science.gov (United States) Raitoharju, Matti; Nurminen, Henri; Piché, Robert 2015-12-01 Indoor positioning based on wireless local area network (WLAN) signals is often enhanced using pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) based on an inertial measurement unit. The state evolution model in PDR is usually nonlinear. We present a new linear state evolution model for PDR. In simulated-data and real-data tests of tightly coupled WLAN-PDR positioning, the positioning accuracy with this linear model is better than with the traditional models when the initial heading is not known, which is a common situation. The proposed method is computationally light and is also suitable for smoothing. Furthermore, we present modifications to WLAN positioning based on Gaussian coverage areas and show how a Kalman filter using the proposed model can be used for integrity monitoring and (re)initialization of a particle filter. 8. Linear antenna of an arbitrary orientation and position in cylindric screen International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Prijmenko, S.D.; Papkovich, V.G.; Khizhnyak, N.A. 1991-01-01 An equation of the linear antenna in cylindric screen is formulated. Using the averaging method a solution of this equation for the antenna of arbitrary orientation which does not contact the screen walls or contacts them in one or two ends is received. The obtained asymptotic expression for stream permits to describe in a single manner the case of resonance and non-resonance scattering. These results may be applied in design of UHF and accelerating installations using cylindric screens charged with linear vibrators. 9 refs. (author) 9. Linear correlation for identification of materials by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: Improvement via spectral filtering and masking Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Gornushkin, I.B., E-mail: igor.gornushkin@bam.d [BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin (Germany); Panne, U. [BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin (Germany); Winefordner, J.D. [University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (United States) 2009-10-15 The purpose of this work is to improve the performance of a linear correlation method used for material identification in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. The improved correlation procedure is proposed based on the selection and use of only essential spectral information and ignoring empty spectral fragments. The method is tested on glass samples of forensic interest. The 100% identification capability of the new method is demonstrated in contrast to the traditional approach where the identification rate falls below 100% for many samples. 10. Positive Aspects of Caregiving and Its Correlates among Caregivers of Bipolar Affective Disorder. Science.gov (United States) Grover, S; Kate, N; Chakrabarti, S; Avasthi, A 2017-12-01 To evaluate the positive aspects of caregiving and its correlates (socio-demographic and clinical variables, caregiver burden, coping, quality of life, psychological morbidity) in the primary caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). A total of 60 primary caregivers of patients with a diagnosis of BPAD were evaluated on the Scale for Positive Aspects of Caregiving Experience (SPACE) and the Hindi version of Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire, Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS), modified Hindi version of Coping Checklist, shorter Hindi version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), and Hindi translated version of 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Caregivers of patients with BPAD had the highest mean score in the SPACE domain of Motivation for caregiving role (2.45), followed by Caregiver satisfaction (2.38) and Caregiving personal gains (2.20). The mean score was the lowest for the domain of Self-esteem and social aspect of caring (2.01). In terms of correlations, age of onset of BPAD had a negative correlation with various domains of SPACE. The mean number of total lifetime affective and depressive episodes correlated positively with Self-esteem and social aspect of caring. Caregiver satisfaction correlated negatively with FBIS domains of Disruption of routine family activities, Effect on mental health of others, and subjective burden. Coercion as a coping mechanism correlated positively with domains of Caregiving personal gains, Caregiver satisfaction, and the total score on SPACE. Three (Physical health, Psychological health, Environment) out of 5 domains of the WHOQOL-BREF correlated positively with the total SPACE score. No association was noted between GHQ-12 and SPACE scores. Positive caregiving experience in primary caregivers of patients with BPAD is associated with better quality of life of the caregivers. 11. A Nth-order linear algorithm for extracting diffuse correlation spectroscopy blood flow indices in heterogeneous tissues. Science.gov (United States) Shang, Yu; Yu, Guoqiang 2014-09-29 Conventional semi-infinite analytical solutions of correlation diffusion equation may lead to errors when calculating blood flow index (BFI) from diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements in tissues with irregular geometries. Very recently, we created an algorithm integrating a N th-order linear model of autocorrelation function with the Monte Carlo simulation of photon migrations in homogenous tissues with arbitrary geometries for extraction of BFI (i.e., αD B ). The purpose of this study is to extend the capability of the N th-order linear algorithm for extracting BFI in heterogeneous tissues with arbitrary geometries. The previous linear algorithm was modified to extract BFIs in different types of tissues simultaneously through utilizing DCS data at multiple source-detector separations. We compared the proposed linear algorithm with the semi-infinite homogenous solution in a computer model of adult head with heterogeneous tissue layers of scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain. To test the capability of the linear algorithm for extracting relative changes of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in deep brain, we assigned ten levels of αD B in the brain layer with a step decrement of 10% while maintaining αD B values constant in other layers. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy (errors model simplifies data analysis, thus allowing for online data processing and displaying. Future study will test this linear algorithm in heterogeneous tissues with different levels of blood flow variations and noises. 12. A Nth-order linear algorithm for extracting diffuse correlation spectroscopy blood flow indices in heterogeneous tissues International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Shang, Yu; Yu, Guoqiang 2014-01-01 Conventional semi-infinite analytical solutions of correlation diffusion equation may lead to errors when calculating blood flow index (BFI) from diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements in tissues with irregular geometries. Very recently, we created an algorithm integrating a Nth-order linear model of autocorrelation function with the Monte Carlo simulation of photon migrations in homogenous tissues with arbitrary geometries for extraction of BFI (i.e., αD B ). The purpose of this study is to extend the capability of the Nth-order linear algorithm for extracting BFI in heterogeneous tissues with arbitrary geometries. The previous linear algorithm was modified to extract BFIs in different types of tissues simultaneously through utilizing DCS data at multiple source-detector separations. We compared the proposed linear algorithm with the semi-infinite homogenous solution in a computer model of adult head with heterogeneous tissue layers of scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain. To test the capability of the linear algorithm for extracting relative changes of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in deep brain, we assigned ten levels of αD B in the brain layer with a step decrement of 10% while maintaining αD B values constant in other layers. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy (errors < 3%) of high-order (N ≥ 5) linear algorithm in extracting BFIs in different tissue layers and rCBF in deep brain. By contrast, the semi-infinite homogenous solution resulted in substantial errors in rCBF (34.5% ≤ errors ≤ 60.2%) and BFIs in different layers. The Nth-order linear model simplifies data analysis, thus allowing for online data processing and displaying. Future study will test this linear algorithm in heterogeneous tissues with different levels of blood flow variations and noises. 13. A Nth-order linear algorithm for extracting diffuse correlation spectroscopy blood flow indices in heterogeneous tissues Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Shang, Yu; Yu, Guoqiang, E-mail: guoqiang.yu@uky.edu [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 (United States) 2014-09-29 Conventional semi-infinite analytical solutions of correlation diffusion equation may lead to errors when calculating blood flow index (BFI) from diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements in tissues with irregular geometries. Very recently, we created an algorithm integrating a Nth-order linear model of autocorrelation function with the Monte Carlo simulation of photon migrations in homogenous tissues with arbitrary geometries for extraction of BFI (i.e., αD{sub B}). The purpose of this study is to extend the capability of the Nth-order linear algorithm for extracting BFI in heterogeneous tissues with arbitrary geometries. The previous linear algorithm was modified to extract BFIs in different types of tissues simultaneously through utilizing DCS data at multiple source-detector separations. We compared the proposed linear algorithm with the semi-infinite homogenous solution in a computer model of adult head with heterogeneous tissue layers of scalp, skull, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain. To test the capability of the linear algorithm for extracting relative changes of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in deep brain, we assigned ten levels of αD{sub B} in the brain layer with a step decrement of 10% while maintaining αD{sub B} values constant in other layers. Simulation results demonstrate the accuracy (errors < 3%) of high-order (N ≥ 5) linear algorithm in extracting BFIs in different tissue layers and rCBF in deep brain. By contrast, the semi-infinite homogenous solution resulted in substantial errors in rCBF (34.5% ≤ errors ≤ 60.2%) and BFIs in different layers. The Nth-order linear model simplifies data analysis, thus allowing for online data processing and displaying. Future study will test this linear algorithm in heterogeneous tissues with different levels of blood flow variations and noises. 14. ADAM10 mediates trastuzumab resistance and is correlated with survival in HER2 positive breast cancer Science.gov (United States) Feldinger, Katharina; Generali, Daniele; Kramer-Marek, Gabriela; Gijsen, Merel; Ng, Tzi Bun; Wong, Jack Ho; Strina, Carla; Cappelletti, Mariarosa; Andreis, Daniele; Li, Ji-Liang; Bridges, Esther; Turley, Helen; Leek, Russell; Roxanis, Ioannis; Capala, Jacek; Murphy, Gillian; Harris, Adrian L.; Kong, Anthony 2014-01-01 15. Correlation between oro and hypopharynx shape and position with endotracheal intubation difficulty Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) 2014-12-01 Full Text Available Background and objective: Prediction of intubation difficulty can save patients from major preoperative morbidity or mortality. The purpose of this paper is to assess the correlation between oro-hypo pharynx position, neck size, and length with endotracheal intubation difficulty. The study also explored the diagnostic value of Friedman Staging System in prediction cases with difficult intubation. Method: The consecutive 500 ASA (I, II adult patients undergoing elective surgery were evaluated for oro and hypopharynx shape and position by modified Mallampati, Cormack and Lehane score as well as Friedman obstructive sleep apnea classification systems. Neck circumference and length were also measured. All cases were intubated by a single anesthesiologist who was uninformed of the above evaluation and graded intubation difficulty in visual analog score. Correlation between these findings and difficulty of intubation was assessed. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values were also reported. Results: Cormack-Lehane grade had the strongest correlation with difficulty of intubation followed by Friedman palate position. Friedman palate position was the most sensitive and had higher positive and negative predictive values than modified Mallampati classification. Cormack-Lehane grade was found to be the most specific with the highest negative predictive value among the four studied classifications. Conclusion: Friedman palate position is a more useful, valuable and sensitive test compared to the modified Mallampati screening test for pre-anesthetic prediction of difficult intubation where its involvement in Multivariate model may raise the accuracy and diagnostic value of preoperative assessment of difficult airway. 16. Correlation between working positions and lactic acid levels with musculoskeletal complaints among dentists Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Fiory Dioptis Putriwijaya 2016-12-01 Full Text Available Background: Musculoskeletal complaints have been common for dentists since their body is unknowingly often in inappropriate positions when caring for patients. For example, they bend towards patients, suddenly move, and then rotate from one side to another. The repetitive movements are done in long term. High activities and sufficient recovery time can cause a buildup of lactic acid in their blood leading to obstruction of the energy intake from the aerobic system in their muscle cells, resulting in fatigue. As a result, such conditions trigger decreased muscle performances. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the correlation between working positions and lactic acid levels with the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists at Public Health Centers in Surabaya. Method: This research was an analytical observational research using cross sectional approach. Sampling technique used in this research was cluster random sampling with nineteen samples. To evaluate the working positions of those samples, a rapid entire body assessment (REBA method was used. Meanwhile, to observe the musculoskeletal disorders of those samples, a Nordic body map was used. Data obtained then were analyzed using Pearson correlation test with a significance level (p<0.05. Result: Results of data analysis using the Pearson correlation test showed that the significance value obtained was 0.036. It indicates that there was a correlation between the working positions and the lactic acid levels with the musculoskeletal disorders in those dentists. The results of the Pearson correlation test also revealed that there was a correlation between the working positions and the lactic acid levels among those dentists with a significance value of 0.025. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the wrong body positions during working can increase lactic acid level in the body of dentists. The increased level of lactic acid then can affect their muscles, leading to the high risk of 17. Experimental dead time corrections for a linear position-sensitive proportional counter International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Yelon, W.B.; Tompson, C.W.; Mildner, D.F.R.; Berliner, R.; Missouri Univ., Columbia 1984-01-01 Two simple counters included in the charge-digitization circuitry of a position-sensitive proportional counter using the charge division method for position encoding have enabled us to determine the dead time losses for the system. An interesting positional dependence of the dead time tau is observed, which agrees with a simple model. The system enables us to correct the experimental data for dead time and to be indifferent to the relatively slow analog-to-digital converters used in the system. (orig.) 18. Effects of measurement errors on psychometric measurements in ergonomics studies: Implications for correlations, ANOVA, linear regression, factor analysis, and linear discriminant analysis. Science.gov (United States) Liu, Yan; Salvendy, Gavriel 2009-05-01 This paper aims to demonstrate the effects of measurement errors on psychometric measurements in ergonomics studies. A variety of sources can cause random measurement errors in ergonomics studies and these errors can distort virtually every statistic computed and lead investigators to erroneous conclusions. The effects of measurement errors on five most widely used statistical analysis tools have been discussed and illustrated: correlation; ANOVA; linear regression; factor analysis; linear discriminant analysis. It has been shown that measurement errors can greatly attenuate correlations between variables, reduce statistical power of ANOVA, distort (overestimate, underestimate or even change the sign of) regression coefficients, underrate the explanation contributions of the most important factors in factor analysis and depreciate the significance of discriminant function and discrimination abilities of individual variables in discrimination analysis. The discussions will be restricted to subjective scales and survey methods and their reliability estimates. Other methods applied in ergonomics research, such as physical and electrophysiological measurements and chemical and biomedical analysis methods, also have issues of measurement errors, but they are beyond the scope of this paper. As there has been increasing interest in the development and testing of theories in ergonomics research, it has become very important for ergonomics researchers to understand the effects of measurement errors on their experiment results, which the authors believe is very critical to research progress in theory development and cumulative knowledge in the ergonomics field. 19. Positioning of the rf potential minimum line of a linear Paul trap with micrometer precision DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Herskind, Peter Fønss; Dantan, Aurélien; Albert, Magnus 2009-01-01 We demonstrate a general technique to achieve a precise radial displacement of the nodal line of the radiofrequency (rf) field in a linear Paul trap. The technique relies on the selective adjustment of the load capacitance of the trap electrodes, achieved through the addition of capacitors...... to the basic resonant rf circuit used to drive the trap. Displacements of up to ~100 µm with micrometer precision are measured using a combination of fluorescence images of ion Coulomb crystals and coherent coupling of such crystals to a mode of an optical cavity. The displacements are made without measurable... 20. Successful use of a linear position-sensitive neutron detector in solid state physics and materials science International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Schefer, J.; Fischer, P.; Heer, H.; Isacson, A.; Koch, M.; Thut, R. 1991-01-01 The double axis multicounter diffractometer (DMC) installed at the 10 MW reactor SAPHIR (PSI) has been designed as a good flux-good resolution (presently Δd/d≥4x10 -3 ) neutron poder diffractometer. The detector bank is based on a commercial position-sensitive linear BF 3 detector which may be automatically and precisely positioned on air cushions on inexpensive floors. This detector type has an 80deg angular opening, not allowing any standard collimation in front of the detector. We therefore developed an oscillating collimator system allowing easy use of the instrument even with sample environments such as a dilution cryostat. (orig.) 1. On bounded rank positive semidefinite matrix completions of extreme partial correlation matrices. NARCIS (Netherlands) M. Eisenberg-Nagy (Marianna); M. Laurent (Monique); A. Varvitsiotis (Antonios) 2012-01-01 htmlabstractWe study a new geometric graph parameter egd(G), defined as the smallest integer r ≥ 1 for which any partial symmetric matrix which is completable to a correlation matrix and whose entries are specified at the positions of the edges of G, can be completed to a matrix in the convex hull 2. On bounded rank positive semidefinite matrix completions of extreme partial correlation matrices. NARCIS (Netherlands) M. Eisenberg-Nagy (Marianna); M. Laurent (Monique); A. Varvitsiotis (Antonios) 2012-01-01 textabstractWe study a new geometric graph parameter $egd(G)$, defined as the smallest integer $r\\ge 1$ for which any partial symmetric matrix which is completable to a correlation matrix and whose entries are specified at the positions of the edges of $G$, can be completed to a matrix in the convex 3. Correlation between orbital volume, body mass index, and eyeball position in healthy East asians. Science.gov (United States) Yoo, Jun Ho; Lee, Young Hen; Lee, Hwa; Kim, Jung Wan; Chang, Minwook; Park, Minsoo; Baek, Sehyun 2013-05-01 The objectives of this study were measure the orbital volume of healthy Koreans and analyze the differences between orbital tissue volume with respect to age and sex and to assess any correlation between body mass index (BMI), eyeball position, and orbital volume. We retrospectively evaluated the scan results of patients who had undergone orbital computed tomography scans between November 2010 and November 2011. We assessed the scan results of 184 orbits in 92 adults who had no pathology of the orbit. The individuals were classified into 3 groups with respect to age. Orbital volume, effective orbital volume (defined as the difference between orbital and eyeball volume), extraocular muscle volume, orbital fat volume, and transverse globe protrusion were recorded and analyzed. The records of the subjects were reviewed retrospectively, and BMI was calculated. A correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between BMI, eyeball position, and orbital volume. Orbital tissue volume, with the exception of orbital fat volume, was larger in men compared with women. In both sexes, orbital fat volume increased with increasing age, whereas the other volumes decreased. Orbital tissue volumes increased with increasing BMI, but transverse globe protrusion was not significantly related to BMI. In addition, orbital volume and effective orbital volume were positively correlated with transverse globe protrusion. These results provide basic information about the effects of age, sex, and BMI on orbital volume and eyeball position in healthy Koreans. Furthermore, these results will be helpful in the diagnosis of orbital diseases and in planning orbital surgeries. 4. Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the positions of nearby active galactic nuclei NARCIS (Netherlands) Abraham, J.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Aguirre, C.; Allard, D.; Allekotte, I.; Allen, J.; Allison, P.; Alvarez-Muniz, J.; Ambrosio, M.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andringa, S.; Anzalone, A.; Aramo, C.; Argiro, S.; Arisaka, K.; Armengaud, E.; Arneodo, F.; Arqueros, F.; Asch, T.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Atulugama, B. S.; Aublin, J.; Ave, M.; Avila, G.; Baecker, T.; Badagnani, D.; Barbosa, A. F.; Barnhill, D.; Barroso, S. L. C.; Bauleo, P.; Beatty, J. J.; Beau, T.; Becker, B. R.; Becker, K. H.; Bellido, J. A.; BenZvi, S.; Berat, C.; Bergmann, T.; Bernardini, P.; Bertou, X.; Biermann, P. L.; Billoir, P.; Blanch-Bigas, O.; Blanco, F.; Blasi, P.; Bleve, C.; Bluemer, H.; Bohacova, M.; Bonifazi, C.; Bonino, R.; Brack, J.; Brogueira, P.; Brown, W. C.; Buchholz, P.; Bueno, A.; Burton, R. E.; Busca, N. G.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Cai, B.; Camin, D. V.; Caramete, L.; Caruso, R.; Carvalho, W.; Castellina, A.; Catalano, O.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Cester, R.; Chauvin, J.; Chiavassa, A.; Chinellato, J. A.; Chou, A.; Chye, J.; Clay, R. W.; Colombo, E.; Conceicao, R.; Connolly, B.; Contreras, F.; Coppens, J.; Cordier, A.; Cotti, U.; Coutu, S.; Covault, C. E.; Creusot, A.; Criss, A.; Cronin, J.; Curutiu, A.; Dagoret-Campagne, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B. R.; de Almeida, R. M.; De Donato, C.; Bg, S. J. de Jong; De La Vega, G.; de Mello, W. J. M.; de Mello Neto, J. R. T.; De Mitri, I.; de Souza, V.; del Peral, L.; Deligny, O.; Della Selva, A.; Delle Fratte, C.; Dembinski, H.; Di Giulio, C.; Diaz, J. C.; Diep, P. N.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J. C.; Dong, P. N.; Dornic, D.; Dorofeev, A.; dos Anjos, J. C.; Dova, M. T.; D'Urso, D.; Dutan, I.; DuVernois, M. A.; Engel, R.; Epele, L.; Escobar, C. O.; Etchegoyen, A.; Luis, P. Facal San; Falcke, H.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A. C.; Fazzini, N.; Ferrer, F.; Ferry, S.; Fick, B.; Filevich, A.; Filipcic, A.; Fleck, I.; Fracchiolla, C. E.; Fulgione, W.; Garcia, B.; Gaimez, D. Garcia; Garcia-Pinto, D.; Garrido, X.; Geenen, H.; Gelmini, G.; Gemmeke, H.; Ghia, P. L.; Giller, M.; Glass, H.; Gold, M. S.; Golup, G.; Albarracin, F. Gomez; Berisso, M. Gomez; Herrero, R. Gomez; Goncalves, P.; do Amaral, M. Goncalves; Gonzalez, D.; Gonzalezc, J. G.; Gonzalez, M.; Gora, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gouffon, P.; Grassi, V.; Grillo, A. F.; Grunfeld, C.; Guardincerri, Y.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G. P.; Gutierrez, J.; Hague, J. D.; Hamilton, J. C.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harmsma, S.; Harton, J. L.; Haungs, A.; Hauschildt, T.; Healy, M. D.; Hebbeker, T.; Hebrero, G.; Heck, D.; Hojvat, C.; Holmes, V. C.; Homola, P.; Hoerandel, J.; Horneffer, A.; Horvat, M.; Hrabovsky, M.; Huege, T.; Hussain, M.; Larlori, M.; Insolia, A.; Ionita, F.; Italiano, A.; Kaducak, M.; Kampert, K. H.; Karova, T.; Kegl, B.; Keilhauer, B.; Kemp, E.; Kieckhafer, R. M.; Klages, H. O.; Kleifges, M.; Kleinfeller, J.; Knapik, R.; Knapp, J.; Koanga, V. -H.; Krieger, A.; Kroemer, O.; Kuempel, D.; Kunka, N.; Kusenko, A.; La Rosa, G.; Lachaud, C.; Lago, B. L.; Lebrun, D.; LeBrun, P.; Lee, J.; de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui; Lopez, R.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Leuthold, M.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Aguera, A. Lopez; Bahilo, J. Lozano; Garcia, R. Luna; Maccarone, M. C.; Macolino, C.; Maldera, S.; Mancarella, G.; Mancenido, M. E.; Mandatat, D.; Mantsch, P.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Maris, I. C.; Falcon, H. R. Marquez; Martello, D.; Martinez, J.; Bravo, O. Martinez; Mathes, H. J.; Matthews, J.; Matthews, J. A. J.; Matthiae, G.; Maurizio, D.; Mazur, P. O.; McCauley, T.; McEwen, M.; McNeil, R. R.; Medina, M. C.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Meli, A.; Melo, D.; Menichetti, E.; Menschikov, A.; Meurer, Chr.; Meyhandan, R.; Micheletti, M. I.; Miele, G.; Miller, W.; Mollerach, S.; Monasor, M.; Ragaigne, D. Monnier; Montanet, F.; Morales, B.; Morello, C.; Moreno, J. C.; Morris, C.; Mostafa, M.; Muller, M. A.; Mussa, R.; Navarra, G.; Navarro, J. L.; Navas, S.; Necesal, P.; Nellen, L.; Newman-Holmes, C.; Newton, D.; Nhung, P. T.; Nierstenhoefer, N.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Nozka, L.; Oehlschlaeger, J.; Ohnuki, T.; Olinto, A.; Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M.; Ortiz, M.; Ortolani, F.; Ostapchenko, S.; Otero, L.; Pacheco, N.; Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Parente, G.; Parizot, E.; Parlati, S.; Pastor, S.; Patel, M.; Paul, T.; Pavlidou, V.; Payet, K.; Pech, M.; Pekala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Pepe, I. M.; Perrone, L.; Petrera, S.; Petrinca, P.; Petrov, Y.; Pichel, A.; Piegaia, R.; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Pinto, T.; Pirronello, V.; Pisanti, O.; Platino, M.; Pochon, J.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Quel, E. J.; Rautenberg, J.; Redondo, A.; Reucroft, S.; Revenu, B.; Rezende, F. A. S.; Ridky, J.; Riggi, S.; Risse, M.; Riviere, C.; Rizi, V.; Roberts, M.; Robledo, C.; Rodriguez, G.; Martino, J. Rodriguez; Rojo, J. Rodriguez; Rodriguez-Cabo, I.; Rodriguez-Frias, M. D.; Ros, G.; Rosado, J.; Roth, M.; Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B.; Roulet, E.; Roverok, A. C.; Salamida, F.; Salazar, H.; Salina, G.; Sanchez, F.; Santander, M.; Santo, C. E.; Santos, E. M.; Sarazin, F.; Sarkar, S.; Sato, R.; Scherini, V.; Schieler, H.; Schmidt, A.; Schmidt, F.; Schmidt, T.; Scholten, O.; Schovanek, P.; Schuessler, F.; Sciutto, S. J.; Scuderi, M.; Segreto, A.; Semikoz, D.; Settimo, M.; Shellard, R. C.; Sidelnik, I.; Siffert, B. B.; Sigl, G.; De Grande, N. Smetniansky; Smialkowski, A.; Smida, R.; Smith, A. G. K.; Smith, B. E.; Snow, G. R.; Sokolsky, P.; Sommers, P.; Sorokin, J.; Spinka, H.; Squartini, R.; Strazzeri, E.; Stutz, A.; Suarez, F.; Suomijarvi, T.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Sutherland, M. S.; Swain, J.; Szadkowski, Z.; Takahashi, J.; Tamashiro, A.; Tamburro, A.; Tascau, O.; Tcaciuc, R.; Thao, N. T.; Thomas, D.; Ticona, R.; Tiffenberg, J.; Timmermans, C.; Tkaczyk, W.; Peixoto, C. J. Todero; Tome, B.; Tonachini, A.; Torres, I.; Travnicek, P.; Tripathi, A.; Tristram, G.; Tscherniakhovski, D.; Tueros, M.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Urban, M.; Galicia, J. F. Valdes; Valino, I.; Valore, L.; van den Berg, A. M.; van Elewyck, V.; Vazquez, R. A.; Veberic, D.; Veiga, A.; Velarde, A.; Venters, T.; Verzi, V.; Videla, M.; Villasenor, L.; Vorobiov, S.; Voyvodic, L.; Wahlberg, H.; Wainberg, O.; Warner, D.; Watson, A. A.; Westerhoff, S.; Wieczorek, G.; Wiencke, L.; Wilczynska, B.; Wilczynski, H.; Wileman, C.; Winnick, M. G.; Wu, H.; Wundheiler, B.; Yamamoto, T.; Younk, P.; Zas, E.; Zavrtanik, D.; Zavrtanik, M.; Zech, A.; Zepeda, A.; Ziolkowski, M. Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory provide evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of the cosmic rays with the highest-energies, which are correlated with the positions of relatively nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) [Pierre Auger Collaboration, Science 318 (2007) 938]. The 5. A Linear Programming Approach to Routing Control in Networks of Constrained Nonlinear Positive Systems with Concave Flow Rates Science.gov (United States) Arneson, Heather M.; Dousse, Nicholas; Langbort, Cedric 2014-01-01 We consider control design for positive compartmental systems in which each compartment's outflow rate is described by a concave function of the amount of material in the compartment.We address the problem of determining the routing of material between compartments to satisfy time-varying state constraints while ensuring that material reaches its intended destination over a finite time horizon. We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a time-varying state-dependent routing strategy which ensures that the closed-loop system satisfies basic network properties of positivity, conservation and interconnection while ensuring that capacity constraints are satisfied, when possible, or adjusted if a solution cannot be found. These conditions are formulated as a linear programming problem. Instances of this linear programming problem can be solved iteratively to generate a solution to the finite horizon routing problem. Results are given for the application of this control design method to an example problem. Key words: linear programming; control of networks; positive systems; controller constraints and structure. 6. Position-dependent correlation function from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 10 CMASS sample International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Chiang, Chi-Ting; Wagner, Christian; Sánchez, Ariel G.; Schmidt, Fabian; Komatsu, Eiichiro 2015-01-01 We report on the first measurement of the three-point function with the position-dependent correlation function from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 10 CMASS sample. This new observable measures the correlation between two-point functions of galaxy pairs within different subvolumes, ξ-circumflex (ř,ř L ), where ř L is the location of a subvolume, and the corresponding mean overdensities, δ-bar (ř L ). This correlation, which we call the 'integrated three-point function', iζ(r)≡(ξ-circumflex (ř,ř L )δ-bar (ř L )), measures a three-point function of two short- and one long-wavelength modes, and is generated by nonlinear gravitational evolution and possibly also by the physics of inflation. The iζ(r) measured from the BOSS data lies within the scatter of those from the mock galaxy catalogs in redshift space, yielding a ten-percent-level determination of the amplitude of iζ(r). The tree-level perturbation theory in redshift space predicts how this amplitude depends on the linear and quadratic nonlinear galaxy bias parameters (b 1 and b 2 ), as well as on the amplitude and linear growth rate of matter fluctuations (σ 8 and f). Combining iζ(r) with the constraints on b 1σ 8 and fσ 8 from the global two-point correlation function and that on σ 8 from the weak lensing signal of BOSS galaxies, we measure b 2 =0.41±0.41 (68% C.L.) assuming standard perturbation theory at the tree level and the local bias model 7. Accretion of Fat-Free Mass Rather Than Fat Mass in Infancy Is Positively Associated with Linear Growth in Childhood. Science.gov (United States) Admassu, Bitiya; Ritz, Christian; Wells, Jonathan C K; Girma, Tsinuel; Andersen, Gregers S; Belachew, Tefera; Owino, Victor; Michaelsen, Kim F; Abera, Mubarek; Wibaek, Rasmus; Friis, Henrik; Kæstel, Pernille 2018-04-01 We have previously shown that fat-free mass (FFM) at birth is associated with height at 2 y of age in Ethiopian children. However, to our knowledge, the relation between changes in body composition during early infancy and later linear growth has not been studied. This study examined the associations of early infancy fat mass (FM) and FFM accretion with linear growth from 1 to 5 y of age in Ethiopian children. In the infant Anthropometry and Body Composition (iABC) study, a prospective cohort study was carried out in children in Jimma, Ethiopia, followed from birth to 5 y of age. FM and FFM were measured ≤6 times from birth to 6 mo by using air-displacement plethysmography. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify associations between standardized FM and FFM accretion rates during early infancy and linear growth from 1 to 5 y of age. Standardized accretion rates were obtained by dividing FM and FFM accretion by their respective SD. FFM accretion from 0 to 6 mo of age was positively associated with length at 1 y (β = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.09; P = 0.005) and linear growth from 1 to 5 y (β = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.07; P = 0.005). The strongest association with FFM accretion was observed at 1 y. The association with linear growth from 1 to 5 y was mainly engendered by the 1-y association. FM accretion from 0 to 4 mo was positively associated with linear growth from 1 to 5 y (β = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.88; P = 0.038) in the fully adjusted model. In Ethiopian children, FFM accretion was associated with linear growth at 1 y and no clear additional longitudinal effect from 1 to 5 y was observed. FM accretion showed a weak association from 1 to 5 y. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN46718296. 8. Inhomogeneous Linear Random Differential Equations with Mutual Correlations between Multiplicative, Additive and Initial-Value Terms NARCIS (Netherlands) Roerdink, J.B.T.M. 1981-01-01 The cumulant expansion for linear stochastic differential equations is extended to the general case in which the coefficient matrix, the inhomogeneous part and the initial condition are all random and, moreover, statistically interdependent. The expansion now involves not only the autocorrelation 9. Optoelectronic device for the measurement of the absolute linear position in the micrometric displacement range Science.gov (United States) Morlanes, Tomas; de la Pena, Jose L.; Sanchez-Brea, Luis M.; Alonso, Jose; Crespo, Daniel; Saez-Landete, Jose B.; Bernabeu, Eusebio 2005-07-01 In this work, an optoelectronic device that provides the absolute position of a measurement element with respect to a pattern scale upon switch-on is presented. That means that there is not a need to perform any kind of transversal displacement after the startup of the system. The optoelectronic device is based on the process of light propagation passing through a slit. A light source with a definite size guarantees the relation of distances between the different elements that constitute our system and allows getting a particular optical intensity profile that can be measured by an electronic post-processing device providing the absolute location of the system with a resolution of 1 micron. The accuracy of this measuring device is restricted to the same limitations of any incremental position optical encoder. 10. Non-linear elasticity of extracellular matrices enables contractile cells to communicate local position and orientation. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jessamine P Winer 2009-07-01 Full Text Available Most tissue cells grown in sparse cultures on linearly elastic substrates typically display a small, round phenotype on soft substrates and become increasingly spread as the modulus of the substrate increases until their spread area reaches a maximum value. As cell density increases, individual cells retain the same stiffness-dependent differences unless they are very close or in molecular contact. On nonlinear strain-stiffening fibrin gels, the same cell types become maximally spread even when the low strain elastic modulus would predict a round morphology, and cells are influenced by the presence of neighbors hundreds of microns away. Time lapse microscopy reveals that fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells on fibrin deform the substrate by several microns up to five cell lengths away from their plasma membrane through a force limited mechanism. Atomic force microscopy and rheology confirm that these strains locally and globally stiffen the gel, depending on cell density, and this effect leads to long distance cell-cell communication and alignment. Thus cells are acutely responsive to the nonlinear elasticity of their substrates and can manipulate this rheological property to induce patterning. 11. Social inequality, lifestyles and health - a non-linear canonical correlation analysis based on the approach of Pierre Bourdieu. Science.gov (United States) Grosse Frie, Kirstin; Janssen, Christian 2009-01-01 Based on the theoretical and empirical approach of Pierre Bourdieu, a multivariate non-linear method is introduced as an alternative way to analyse the complex relationships between social determinants and health. The analysis is based on face-to-face interviews with 695 randomly selected respondents aged 30 to 59. Variables regarding socio-economic status, life circumstances, lifestyles, health-related behaviour and health were chosen for the analysis. In order to determine whether the respondents can be differentiated and described based on these variables, a non-linear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) was performed. The results can be described on three dimensions; Eigenvalues add up to the fit of 1.444, which can be interpreted as approximately 50 % of explained variance. The three-dimensional space illustrates correspondences between variables and provides a framework for interpretation based on latent dimensions, which can be described by age, education, income and gender. Using non-linear canonical correlation analysis, health characteristics can be analysed in conjunction with socio-economic conditions and lifestyles. Based on Bourdieus theoretical approach, the complex correlations between these variables can be more substantially interpreted and presented. 12. Compact very low temperature scanning tunneling microscope with mechanically driven horizontal linear positioning stage. Science.gov (United States) Suderow, H; Guillamon, I; Vieira, S 2011-03-01 We describe a scanning tunneling microscope for operation in a dilution refrigerator with a sample stage which can be moved macroscopically in a range up to a cm and with an accuracy down to the tens of nm. The position of the tip over the sample as set at room temperature does not change more than a few micrometers when cooling down. This feature is particularly interesting for work on micrometer sized samples. Nanostructures can be also localized and studied, provided they are repeated over micrometer sized areas. The same stage can be used to approach a hard single crystalline sample to a knife and cleave it, or break it, in situ. In situ positioning is demonstrated with measurements at 0.1 K in nanofabricated samples. Atomic resolution down to 0.1 K and in magnetic fields of 8 T is demonstrated in NbSe(2). No heat dissipation nor an increase in mechanical noise has been observed at 0.1 K when operating the slider. 13. Extraction of diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow index by integration of Nth-order linear model with Monte Carlo simulation Science.gov (United States) Shang, Yu; Li, Ting; Chen, Lei; Lin, Yu; Toborek, Michal; Yu, Guoqiang 2014-05-01 Conventional semi-infinite solution for extracting blood flow index (BFI) from diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements may cause errors in estimation of BFI (αDB) in tissues with small volume and large curvature. We proposed an algorithm integrating Nth-order linear model of autocorrelation function with the Monte Carlo simulation of photon migrations in tissue for the extraction of αDB. The volume and geometry of the measured tissue were incorporated in the Monte Carlo simulation, which overcome the semi-infinite restrictions. The algorithm was tested using computer simulations on four tissue models with varied volumes/geometries and applied on an in vivo stroke model of mouse. Computer simulations shows that the high-order (N ≥ 5) linear algorithm was more accurate in extracting αDB (errors values of errors in extracting αDB were similar to those reconstructed from the noise-free DCS data. In addition, the errors in extracting the relative changes of αDB using both linear algorithm and semi-infinite solution were fairly small (errors < ±2.0%) and did not rely on the tissue volume/geometry. The experimental results from the in vivo stroke mice agreed with those in simulations, demonstrating the robustness of the linear algorithm. DCS with the high-order linear algorithm shows the potential for the inter-subject comparison and longitudinal monitoring of absolute BFI in a variety of tissues/organs with different volumes/geometries. 14. About a Class of Positive Hybrid Dynamic Linear Systems and an Associate Extended Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov Lemma Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) M. De la Sen 2017-01-01 Full Text Available This paper formulates an “ad hoc” robust version under parametrical disturbances of the discrete version of the Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov Lemma for a class of positive hybrid dynamic linear systems which consist of a continuous-time system coupled with a discrete-time or a digital one. An extended discrete system, whose state vector contains both the digital one and the discretization of the continuous-time one at sampling instants, is a key analysis element in the formulation. The hyperstability and asymptotic hyperstability properties of the studied class of positive hybrid systems under feedback from any member of a nonlinear (and, eventually, time-varying class of controllers, which satisfies a Popov’s-type inequality, are also investigated as linked to the positive realness of the associated transfer matrices. 15. Distributed transition-edge sensors for linearized position response in a phonon-mediated X-ray imaging spectrometer Science.gov (United States) Cabrera, Blas; Brink, Paul L.; Leman, Steven W.; Castle, Joseph P.; Tomada, Astrid; Young, Betty A.; Martínez-Galarce, Dennis S.; Stern, Robert A.; Deiker, Steve; Irwin, Kent D. 2004-03-01 For future solar X-ray satellite missions, we are developing a phonon-mediated macro-pixel composed of a Ge crystal absorber with four superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) distributed on the backside. The X-rays are absorbed on the opposite side and the energy is converted into phonons, which are absorbed into the four TES sensors. By connecting together parallel elements into four channels, fractional total energy absorbed between two of the sensors provides x-position information and the other two provide y-position information. We determine the optimal distribution for the TES sub-elements to obtain linear position information while minimizing the degradation of energy resolution. 16. Positive Correlation Between Academic Library Services and High-Impact Practices for Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Saori Wendy Herman, MLIS, AHIP 2016-03-01 Full Text Available Objective – To investigate the perceived alignment between academic library services and high-impact practices (HIPs that affect student retention. Design – Survey questionnaire. Setting – Public comprehensive universities in the United States of America with a Carnegie classification of master’s level as of January 2013. Subjects – 68 library deans or directors out of the 271 who were originally contacted. Methods – The author used Qualtrics software to create a survey based on the HIPs, tested the survey for reliability, and then distributed it to 271 universities. Library services were grouped into 1 of 3 library scales: library collection, library instruction, or library facilities. The survey consisted of a matrix of 10 Likert-style questions addressing the perceived level of alignment between the library scales and the HIPs. Each question provided an opportunity for the respondent to enter a “brief description of support practices” (p 477. Additional demographic questions addressed the years of experience of the respondent, undergraduate student enrollment of the university, and whether librarians held faculty rank. Main Results – The author measured Pearson correlation coefficients and found a positive correlation between the library scales and the HIPs. All three library scales displayed a moderately strong positive correlation between first-year seminars and experiences (HIP 1, common intellectual experiences (HIP 2, writing-intensive courses (HIP 4, undergraduate research (HIP 6, diversity and global learning (HIP 7, service learning and community-based learning (HIP 8, internships (HIP 9, and capstone courses and projects (HIP 10. The library collections scale and library facilities scale displayed a moderately strong correlation with learning communities (HIP 3 and collaborative assignments and projects (HIP 5. The library instruction scale displayed a strong positive correlation with HIP 3 and a very strong 17. Endogenous plasma estradiol in healthy men is positively correlated with cerebral cortical serotonin 2A receptor binding DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Frokjaer, Vibe G.; Erritzoe, David; Juul, Anders 2010-01-01 the effect of plasma sex hormone levels on neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding as imaged with [18F]altanserin PET. The effect of endogenous sex-hormone levels was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Mean neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding was positively correlated with estradiol (p......Background: Sex-hormones influence brain function and are likely to play a role in the gender predisposition to mood and anxiety disorders. Acute fluctuations of sex-hormone levels including hormonal replacement therapy appear to affect serotonergic neurotransmission, but it is unknown if baseline...... levels affect serotonergic neurotransmission. This study was undertaken to examine if baseline levels of endogenous sex hormones are associated with cerebral serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor binding in men. Methods: In a group of 72 healthy men (mean age 37.5 years ±17.4 SD, range 19.6–81.7) we studied... 18. A new amplifier for improving piezoelectric actuator linearity based on current switching in precision positioning International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ru, Changhai; Chen, Liguo; Shao, Bing; Rong, Weibin; Sun, Lining 2008-01-01 Piezoelectric actuators have traditionally been driven by voltage amplifiers. When driven at large voltages these actuators exhibit a significant amount of distortion, known as hysteresis, which may reduce the stability robustness of the system in feedback control applications. Piezoelectric transducers are known to exhibit less hysteresis when driven with current or charge rather than voltage. Despite this advantage, such methods have found little practical application due to the poor low frequency response of present current and charge driver designs. In this paper, a new piezoelectric amplifier based on current switching is presented which can reduce hysteresis. Special circuits and a hybrid control algorithm realize quick and precise positioning. Experimental results demonstrate that the amplifier can be used for dynamic and static applications and low frequency bandwidths can also be achieved 19. Correlation of circRNAs’ differential expression to negative- positive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Ling-ming KONG 2017-11-01 Full Text Available Objective To explore the correlation of circRNAs' expression level to the negative- and positive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia (SZ. Methods Gene chip screening was performed with the peripheral blood samples from each five of SZ patients and normal controls. Nine circRNAs showing differentiate expression were confirmed, and further verification was done by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in 102 SZ patients and 103 normal controls. All the SZ patients were assessed with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS. Results It was revealed that the expression levels of circRNA_102101, circRNA_102315, circRNA_104597, circRNA_101835 and circRNA_101836 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05, and circRNA_103102 and circRNA_103704 were up-regulated in SZ group (P<0.01. The ΔCT value of circRNA_102101 and circRNA_103102 was positively correlated to the positive symptoms (P<0.01 or P<0.05, and the ΔCT value of circRNA_103704 also showed positive correlation with positive symptoms and general psychopathological symptoms (P<0.01 or P<0.05. The ΔCT values of circRNA_102101, circRNA_103102, circRNA_102315, circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were correlated with thinking disorder (P<0.01 or P<0.05, and the ΔCT values of circRNA_102101, circRNA_103102, circRNA_104597, circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were correlated with the activation (P<0.01 or P<0.05. The ΔCT values of circRNA_102101, circRNA_103102, circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were positively correlated with paranoid (P<0.01 or P<0.05, and of circRNA_102101, circRNA_103102, circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were markedly correlated with assault (P<0.01 or P<0.05. Therefore, circRNA_103704 was chosen into regressive equation of positive symptoms (P<0.01, and circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102315 were chosen into regressive equation of general pathological findings (P<0.01 or P<0.05. Conclusion The expression levels of circRNA_103704 and circRNA_103102 are obviously up 20. Correlational study of impacted and non-functional lower third molar position with occurrence of pathologies Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Igor Batista Camargo 2016-09-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background Lower third molar (M3 eruption is unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to correlate radiographic position of M3 on a preexistent film with the current clinical, histopathological, and radiographic findings. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed. The sample was collected from a database of patients covered by Medical Fund of Brazilian Army. Radiographs were obtained a minimum of 5 years prior to the presurgical visit and after their clinical exam. The primary outcome variables were the teeth positions using Pell and Gregory/Winter classifications on panoramic X-rays. Those variables were analyzed at both the beginning (T0 and end of the study (T1. Clinical assessments and histopathological study of the thirds that were extracted were performed only at T1. Correlation between the teeth positions were related to the clinical, histopathological, and radiographic parameters using statistical analysis tests with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Twenty-six patients with 49 M3 were assessed over 10 months. Mean age was 14.92 years at T0 and 21.87 years at T1. The average time between T0 and T1 was 6.77 years. A significant relationship (p = 0.024 was found between the presences of root resorption on the second molar if M3 presented in an IB horizontal position at T1. There was also a significant correlation (p = 0.039 between dental crowding of the anterior lower teeth with IIIB position at T0 and if the patient finished orthodontic treatment without lingual retainers. Conclusions Lower M3 in position IIIB seen in a teenager and IB seen in an adult is more likely to have negative consequences and should be followed closely. 1. Correlative Studies in Clinical Trials: A Position Statement From the International Thyroid Oncology Group. Science.gov (United States) Bible, Keith C; Cote, Gilbert J; Demeure, Michael J; Elisei, Rossella; Jhiang, Sissy; Ringel, Matthew D 2015-12-01 Patients with progressive thyroid cancer in distant metastatic sites represent a population with a need for new therapeutic options. Aspiring to improve the treatment of such patients, the objective of this position statement from the International Thyroid Oncology Group (ITOG) is to clarify the importance of incorporating high-quality correlative studies into clinical trials. ITOG was formed to develop and support high-quality multicenter and multidisciplinary clinical trials for patients with aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. The Correlative Sciences Committee of the ITOG focuses on the quality and types of correlative studies included in ITOG-associated clinical trials. This document represents expert consensus from ITOG regarding this issue based on extensive collective experience in clinical and translational trials informed by basic science. The Correlative Studies Committee identified an international writing group representative of diverse specialties, including basic sciences. Drafts were reviewed by all members of the writing group, the larger committee, and the ITOG board. After consideration of all comments by the writing group and modification of the document, the final document was then approved by the authors and the ITOG board. High-quality correlative studies, which include variety in the types of correlates, should be intrinsic to the design of thyroid cancer clinical trials to offer the best opportunity for each study to advance treatment for patients with advanced and progressive thyroid cancer. 2. Correlation of Merkel cell polyomavirus positivity with PDGFRα mutations and survivin expression in Merkel cell carcinoma. Science.gov (United States) Batinica, M; Akgül, B; Silling, S; Mauch, C; Zigrino, P 2015-07-01 Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine cancer of the skin postulated to originate through Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncogenesis and/or by mutations in molecules implicated in the regulation of cell growth and survival. Despite the fact that MCPvV is detected more broadly within the population, only a part of the infected people also develop MCC. It is thus conceivable that together, virus and for example mutations, are necessary for disease development. However, apart from a correlation between MCPyV positivity or mutations and MCC development, less is known about the association of these factors with progressive disease. To analyze MCPyV positivity, load and integration in MCC as well as presence of mutations in PDGFRα and TP53 genes and correlate these with clinical features and disease progression to identify features with prognostic value for clinical progression. This is a study on a MCC population group of 64 patients. MCPyV positivity, load and integration in parallel to mutations in the PDGFRα and TP53 were analyzed on genomic DNA from MCC specimens. In addition, expression of PDGFRα, survivin and p53 proteins was analyzed by immunodetection in tissues specimens. All these parameters were analyzed as function of patient's disease progression status. 83% of MCCs were positive for the MCPyV and among these 36% also displayed virus-T integration. Viral load ranged from 0.006 to 943 viral DNA copies/β-globin gene and was highest in patients with progressive disease. We detected more than one mutation within the PDGFRα gene and identified two new SNPs in 36% of MCC patients, whereas no mutations were found in TP53 gene. Survivin was expressed in 78% of specimens. We could not correlate either mutations in PDGFR or expression of PDGFR, p53 and surviving either to the disease progression or to the MCPyV positivity. In conclusion, our data indicate that the viral positivity when associated with high viral load, correlates with poor disease 3. Zero-correlation linear cryptanalysis with FFT and improved attacks on ISO standards Camellia and CLEFIA DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Bogdanov, Andrey; Geng, Huizheng; Wang, Meiqin 2014-01-01 as published in FSE'12 and ASIACRYPT'12, respectively. In this paper, we use the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) technique to speed up the zero-correlation cryptanalysis. First, this allows us to improve upon the state-of-the-art cryptanalysis for the ISO/IEC standard and CRYPTREC-portfolio cipher Camellia... 4. Positive correlation between retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and triglyceride level in central obesity Science.gov (United States) Oktaria, S.; Sari, D. K.; Dalimunthe, D.; Eyanoer, P. C. 2018-03-01 Obesity has become an epidemic in both developed and developing countries. Central obesity considered a risk factor that is closely related to several chronic diseases. Central obesity is associated with elevated triglyceride levels and associated with RBP4 which can lead to insulin resistance. Increased level of RBP4 can cause lipid metabolism disorders and can become a marker for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to find the correlation of RBP4 with triglycerides and Apo B100 in central obesity. It was a cross- sectional study on 46 subjects with central obesity, aged 20-50 years old. Blood samples were taken in cubital vein and examined for RBP4 and triglyceride levels. Data analysis was performed using Spearman correlation test. The results showed that gender frequency distribution showed little difference between men and women, i. e., men 43.5% and women 56.5%. RBP4 level was positively correlated with triglyceride (r = 0.48) and statistically significant (p = 0.001). The rbp4 level was positively correlated with triglyceride, indicating the role of RBP4 on high triglyceride level in central obesity. 5. Tryptase-positive mast cells correlate with angiogenesis in early breast cancer patients. Science.gov (United States) Ranieri, Girolamo; Ammendola, Michele; Patruno, Rosa; Celano, Giuseppe; Zito, Francesco Alfredo; Montemurro, Severino; Rella, Addolorata; Di Lecce, Valentina; Gadaleta, Cosmo Damiano; Battista De Sarro, Giovanni; Ribatti, Domenico 2009-07-01 Literature data indicate that mast cells (MCs) are involved in tumor angiogenesis due to the release of several pro-angiogenetic factors among which tryptase, a serine protease stored in MCs granules, is one of the most active. However, no data are available concerning the role of MCs in angiogenesis in primary human breast cancer. In this study, we have evaluated the correlations between the number of MCs positive to tryptase (MCDPT), the area occupied by MCs positive to tryptase (MCAPT) and microvascular density (MVD) and endothelial area (EA) in a series of 88 primary T1-3, N0-2 M0 female breast cancer, by means of immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods. Data demonstrated a significant (r = from 0.78 to 0.89; p-value from 0.001 to 0.002 by Pearson's analysis respectively) correlation between MCDPT, MCAPT, MVD, EA to each other. No correlation concerning MCDPT, MCAPT, MVD, EA and the main clinicopathological features was found. Our results suggest that tryptase-positive MCs play a role in breast cancer angiogenesis. In this context several tryptase inhibitors such as gabexate mesilate and nafamostat mesilate might be evaluated in clinical trials as a new anti-angiogenetic approach. 6. EPPUR SI MUOVE: POSITIONAL AND KINEMATIC CORRELATIONS OF SATELLITE PAIRS IN THE LOW Z UNIVERSE International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Famaey, Benoit; Martin, Nicolas; Lewis, Geraint F.; Ibata, Neil G. 2015-01-01 We have recently shown that pairs of satellite galaxies located diametrically opposite to each other around their host possess predominantly anti-correlated velocities. This is consistent with a scenario in which ≳50% of satellite galaxies belong to kinematically coherent rotating planar structures. Here we extend this analysis, examining satellites of giant galaxies drawn from an SDSS photometric redshift catalog. We find that there is a ∼17% overabundance (>3σ significance) of candidate satellites at positions diametrically opposite to a spectroscopically confirmed satellite. We show that ΛCDM cosmological simulations do not possess this property when contamination is included. After subtracting contamination, we find ∼2 times more satellites diametrically opposed to a spectroscopically confirmed satellite than at 90° from it, at projected distances ranging from 100 to 150 kpc from the host. This independent analysis thus strongly supports our previous results on anti-correlated velocities. We also find that those satellite pairs with anti-correlated velocities have a strong preference (∼3:1) to align with the major axis of the host whereas those with correlated velocities display the opposite behavior. We finally show that repeating a similar analysis to Ibata et al. with same-side satellites is generally hard to interpret, but is not inconsistent with our previous results when strong quality cuts are applied on the sample. This addresses all of the concerns recently raised by Cautun et al., who did not uncover any flaw in our previous analysis, but may simply have hinted at the physical extent of planar satellite structures by pointing out that the anti-correlation signal weakens at radii >150 kpc. All these unexpected positional and kinematic correlations strongly suggest that a substantial fraction of satellite galaxies are causally linked in their formation and evolution 7. EPPUR SI MUOVE: POSITIONAL AND KINEMATIC CORRELATIONS OF SATELLITE PAIRS IN THE LOW Z UNIVERSE Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Famaey, Benoit; Martin, Nicolas [Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l’Université, F-67000 Strasbourg (France); Lewis, Geraint F. [Sydney Institute of Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Ibata, Neil G., E-mail: rodrigo.ibata@astro.unistra.fr [Trinity College, Trinity Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TQ (United Kingdom) 2015-05-20 We have recently shown that pairs of satellite galaxies located diametrically opposite to each other around their host possess predominantly anti-correlated velocities. This is consistent with a scenario in which ≳50% of satellite galaxies belong to kinematically coherent rotating planar structures. Here we extend this analysis, examining satellites of giant galaxies drawn from an SDSS photometric redshift catalog. We find that there is a ∼17% overabundance (>3σ significance) of candidate satellites at positions diametrically opposite to a spectroscopically confirmed satellite. We show that ΛCDM cosmological simulations do not possess this property when contamination is included. After subtracting contamination, we find ∼2 times more satellites diametrically opposed to a spectroscopically confirmed satellite than at 90° from it, at projected distances ranging from 100 to 150 kpc from the host. This independent analysis thus strongly supports our previous results on anti-correlated velocities. We also find that those satellite pairs with anti-correlated velocities have a strong preference (∼3:1) to align with the major axis of the host whereas those with correlated velocities display the opposite behavior. We finally show that repeating a similar analysis to Ibata et al. with same-side satellites is generally hard to interpret, but is not inconsistent with our previous results when strong quality cuts are applied on the sample. This addresses all of the concerns recently raised by Cautun et al., who did not uncover any flaw in our previous analysis, but may simply have hinted at the physical extent of planar satellite structures by pointing out that the anti-correlation signal weakens at radii >150 kpc. All these unexpected positional and kinematic correlations strongly suggest that a substantial fraction of satellite galaxies are causally linked in their formation and evolution. 8. Functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI: Is linear correlation sufficient? Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Hlinka, Jaroslav; Paluš, Milan; Vejmelka, Martin; Mantini, D.; Corbetta, M. 2011-01-01 Roč. 54, č. 3 (2011), s. 2218-2225 ISSN 1053-8119 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 7E08027 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 200728 - BRAINSYNC Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : fMRI * functional connectivity * Gaussianity * nonlinearity * correlation * mutual information Subject RIV: FH - Neurology Impact factor: 5.895, year: 2011 9. Linear-scaling explicitly correlated treatment of solids: Periodic local MP2-F12 method Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Usvyat, Denis, E-mail: denis.usvyat@chemie.uni-regensburg.de [Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg (Germany) 2013-11-21 Theory and implementation of the periodic local MP2-F12 method in the 3*A fixed-amplitude ansatz is presented. The method is formulated in the direct space, employing local representation for the occupied, virtual, and auxiliary orbitals in the form of Wannier functions (WFs), projected atomic orbitals (PAOs), and atom-centered Gaussian-type orbitals, respectively. Local approximations are introduced, restricting the list of the explicitly correlated pairs, as well as occupied, virtual, and auxiliary spaces in the strong orthogonality projector to the pair-specific domains on the basis of spatial proximity of respective orbitals. The 4-index two-electron integrals appearing in the formalism are approximated via the direct-space density fitting technique. In this procedure, the fitting orbital spaces are also restricted to local fit-domains surrounding the fitted densities. The formulation of the method and its implementation exploits the translational symmetry and the site-group symmetries of the WFs. Test calculations are performed on LiH crystal. The results show that the periodic LMP2-F12 method substantially accelerates basis set convergence of the total correlation energy, and even more so the correlation energy differences. The resulting energies are quite insensitive to the resolution-of-the-identity domain sizes and the quality of the auxiliary basis sets. The convergence with the orbital domain size is somewhat slower, but still acceptable. Moreover, inclusion of slightly more diffuse functions, than those usually used in the periodic calculations, improves the convergence of the LMP2-F12 correlation energy with respect to both the size of the PAO-domains and the quality of the orbital basis set. At the same time, the essentially diffuse atomic orbitals from standard molecular basis sets, commonly utilized in molecular MP2-F12 calculations, but problematic in the periodic context, are not necessary for LMP2-F12 treatment of crystals. 10. Measuring system for correlations of light particles with low relative linear momentum: operation and first results International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mistretta, J. 1988-01-01 The EMRIC set up (Ensemble de Mesure Rapide pour l'Interferometrie et les Correlations) is devoted to the study of space and time extent of nuclear sources from the measurement of light charged particles correlations. This device, composed of an array of 16 detectors (CsI crystals coupled to phototubes) used in conjunction with a multiwire chamber, is characterised by a smart granulation, a large solid angle and very small detection dead areas. It opens new possibilities in the measurement of the correlation functions (complete determination (modulus and direction) of the relative momenta in the range 1 to 100 MeV/c). This work describes the development and performances of EMRIC. The mechanics and electronics are detailed to enlighten difficulties inherent to this type of detector. An auxiliary monitoring system has been carried out to simplify some of the experimental tasks. A simulation software code has been written (based on Monte-Carlo techniques) to simulate the effect of the detector on the experimental data. The precision and efficiency in detection place EMRIC, which can be operated in the whole intermediate energy range (10-100 MeV/u), among the most powerful existing devices. First results on the 20 Ne + 27 Al system are finally shown [fr 11. Effect of removing the common mode errors on linear regression analysis of noise amplitudes in position time series of a regional GPS network & a case study of GPS stations in Southern California Science.gov (United States) Jiang, Weiping; Ma, Jun; Li, Zhao; Zhou, Xiaohui; Zhou, Boye 2018-05-01 The analysis of the correlations between the noise in different components of GPS stations has positive significance to those trying to obtain more accurate uncertainty of velocity with respect to station motion. Previous research into noise in GPS position time series focused mainly on single component evaluation, which affects the acquisition of precise station positions, the velocity field, and its uncertainty. In this study, before and after removing the common-mode error (CME), we performed one-dimensional linear regression analysis of the noise amplitude vectors in different components of 126 GPS stations with a combination of white noise, flicker noise, and random walking noise in Southern California. The results show that, on the one hand, there are above-moderate degrees of correlation between the white noise amplitude vectors in all components of the stations before and after removal of the CME, while the correlations between flicker noise amplitude vectors in horizontal and vertical components are enhanced from un-correlated to moderately correlated by removing the CME. On the other hand, the significance tests show that, all of the obtained linear regression equations, which represent a unique function of the noise amplitude in any two components, are of practical value after removing the CME. According to the noise amplitude estimates in two components and the linear regression equations, more accurate noise amplitudes can be acquired in the two components. 12. Algorithm of reducing the false positives in IDS based on correlation Analysis Science.gov (United States) Liu, Jianyi; Li, Sida; Zhang, Ru 2018-03-01 This paper proposes an algorithm of reducing the false positives in IDS based on correlation Analysis. Firstly, the algorithm analyzes the distinguishing characteristics of false positives and real alarms, and preliminary screen the false positives; then use the method of attribute similarity clustering to the alarms and further reduces the amount of alarms; finally, according to the characteristics of multi-step attack, associated it by the causal relationship. The paper also proposed a reverse causation algorithm based on the attack association method proposed by the predecessors, turning alarm information into a complete attack path. Experiments show that the algorithm simplifies the number of alarms, improve the efficiency of alarm processing, and contribute to attack purposes identification and alarm accuracy improvement. 13. A D-vine copula-based model for repeated measurements extending linear mixed models with homogeneous correlation structure. Science.gov (United States) 2018-03-22 We propose a model for unbalanced longitudinal data, where the univariate margins can be selected arbitrarily and the dependence structure is described with the help of a D-vine copula. We show that our approach is an extremely flexible extension of the widely used linear mixed model if the correlation is homogeneous over the considered individuals. As an alternative to joint maximum-likelihood a sequential estimation approach for the D-vine copula is provided and validated in a simulation study. The model can handle missing values without being forced to discard data. Since conditional distributions are known analytically, we easily make predictions for future events. For model selection, we adjust the Bayesian information criterion to our situation. In an application to heart surgery data our model performs clearly better than competing linear mixed models. © 2018, The International Biometric Society. 14. A Non-linear Model for Predicting Tip Position of a Pliable Robot Arm Segment Using Bending Sensor Data Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Elizabeth I. SKLAR 2016-04-01 Full Text Available Using pliable materials for the construction of robot bodies presents new and interesting challenges for the robotics community. Within the EU project entitled STIFFness controllable Flexible & Learnable manipulator for surgical Operations (STIFF-FLOP, a bendable, segmented robot arm has been developed. The exterior of the arm is composed of a soft material (silicone, encasing an internal structure that contains air-chamber actuators and a variety of sensors for monitoring applied force, position and shape of the arm as it bends. Due to the physical characteristics of the arm, a proper model of robot kinematics and dynamics is difficult to infer from the sensor data. Here we propose a non-linear approach to predicting the robot arm posture, by training a feed-forward neural network with a structured series of pressures values applied to the arm's actuators. The model is developed across a set of seven different experiments. Because the STIFF-FLOP arm is intended for use in surgical procedures, traditional methods for position estimation (based on visual information or electromagnetic tracking will not be possible to implement. Thus the ability to estimate pose based on data from a custom fiber-optic bending sensor and accompanying model is a valuable contribution. Results are presented which demonstrate the utility of our non-linear modelling approach across a range of data collection procedures. 15. Online Kidney Position Verification Using Non-Contrast Radiographs on a Linear Accelerator with on Board KV X-Ray Imaging Capability International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Willis, David J.; Kron, Tomas; Hubbard, Patricia; Haworth, Annette; Wheeler, Greg; Duchesne, Gillian M. 2009-01-01 16. Elevation in D-dimer concentrations is positively correlated with gestation in normal uncomplicated pregnancy Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jeremiah ZA 2012-08-01 Full Text Available Zaccheaus A Jeremiah,1 Teddy C Adias,2 Margaret Opiah,3 Siyeoforiye P George,4 Osaro Mgbere,5 Ekere J Essien61Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; 2Bayelsa State College of Health Technology, Ogbia-Town, Nigeria; 3Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; 4Postgraduate Hematology Unit, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; 5Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Houston, TX, USA; 6Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USABackground: D-dimer levels have been reported to increase progressively during pregnancy, but how this affects Nigerian women is not well known.Objective: This study aims to determine the D-dimer concentration and its relationship to other coagulation parameters among pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.Method: In a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 120 pregnant women and 60 nonpregnant controls, drawn from a tertiary health institution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, were assessed, using the standard procedures, for the following parameters: D-dimer concentration, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume.Results: The median D-dimer concentration of 153.1 ng/mL in the pregnant group was found to be significantly elevated when compared with the control value of 118.5 ng/mL (t = 2.348, P = 0.021. Conversely, there was a marked depression in the platelet count among pregnant women (193.5 × 109/L when compared with 229.0 × 109/L in the control group (t = 3.424; P = 0.001. There was no statistically significant difference in the values for the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time between pregnant and nonpregnant women. D-dimer values correlated positively and significantly with gestation (r = 0 17. Linear correlation of interfacial tension at water-solvent interface, solubility of water in organic solvents, and SE* scale parameters International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mezhov, E.A.; Khananashvili, N.L.; Shmidt, V.S. 1988-01-01 A linear correlation has been established between the solubility of water in water-immiscible organic solvents and the interfacial tension at the water-solvent interface on the one hand and the parameters of the SE* and π* scales for these solvents on the other hand. This allows us, using the known tabulated SE* or π* parameters for each solvent, to predict the values of the interfacial tension and the solubility of water for the corresponding systems. We have shown that the SE* scale allows us to predict these values more accurately than other known solvent scales, since in contrast to other scales it characterizes solvents found in equilibrium with water 18. Variation in habitat connectivity generates positive correlations between species and genetic diversity in a metacommunity. Science.gov (United States) Lamy, T; Jarne, P; Laroche, F; Pointier, J-P; Huth, G; Segard, A; David, P 2013-09-01 An increasing number of studies are simultaneously investigating species diversity (SD) and genetic diversity (GD) in the same systems, looking for 'species- genetic diversity correlations' (SGDCs). From negative to positive SGDCs have been reported, but studies have generally not quantified the processes underlying these correlations. They were also mostly conducted at large biogeographical scales or in recently degraded habitats. Such correlations have not been looked for in natural networks of connected habitat fragments (metacommunities), and the underlying processes remain elusive in most systems. We investigated these issues by studying freshwater snails in a pond network in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles). We recorded SD and habitat characteristics in 232 ponds and assessed GD in 75 populations of two species. Strongly significant and positive SGDCs were detected in both species. Based on a decomposition of SGDC as a function of variance-covariance of habitat characteristics, we showed that connectivity (opportunity of water flow between a site and the nearest watershed during the rainy season) has the strongest contribution on SGDCs. More connective sites received both more alleles and more species through immigration resulting in both higher GD and higher SD. Other habitat characteristics did not contribute, or contributed negatively, to SGDCs. This is true of the desiccation frequency of ponds during the dry season, presumably because species markedly differ in their ability to tolerate desiccation. Our study shows that variation in environmental characteristics of habitat patches can promote SGDCs at metacommunity scale when the studied species respond homogeneously to these environmental characteristics. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 19. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are positively correlated with metastatic potential of human gastric cancers Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Zhang Hao 2010-06-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background The prognosis of gastric cancer patients is difficult to predict because of defects in establishing the surgical-pathological features. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs have been found to play prominent role in promoting tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Thus raises the hypothesis that the extent of CAFs prevalence may help to establish the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Methods Immunochemistry and realtime-PCR experiments were carried out to compare the expression of proteins which are specific markers of CAFs or secreted by CAFs in the tumor and normal tissue specimens. The extent of CAFs' prevalence was graded according to immunochemical staining, and correlation was further analyzed between CAFs' prevalence and other tumor characteristics which may influence the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Results Nearly 80 percent of normal gastric tissues were negative or weak positive for CAFs staining, while more than 60 percent of gastric cancer tissues were moderate or strong positive for CAFs staining. Realtime-PCR results also showed significant elevated expression of FAP, SDF-1 and TGF-β1 in gastric cancer tissues compared to normal gastric tissues. Further analysis showed that CAFs' prevalence was correlated with tumor size, depth of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis or peritoneum metastasis. Conclusions Reactive cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs were frequently accumulated in gastric cancer tissues, and the prevalence of CAFs was correlated with tumor size, depth of the tumor and tumor metastasis, thus give some supports for establishing the prognosis of the gastric cancer patients. 20. No Correlation between Distorted Body Representations Underlying Tactile Distance Perception and Position Sense Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Matthew R. Longo 2016-11-01 Full Text Available Both tactile distance perception and position sense are believed to require that immediate afferent signals be referenced to a stored representation of body size and shape (the body model. For both of these abilities, recent studies have reported that the stored body representations involved are highly distorted, at least in the case of the hand, with the hand dorsum represented as wider and squatter than it actually is. Here, we investigated whether individual differences in the magnitude of these distortions are shared between tactile distance perception and position sense, as would be predicted by the hypothesis that a single distorted body model underlies both tasks. We used established task to measure distortions of the represented shape of the hand dorsum. Consistent with previous results, in both cases there were clear biases to overestimate distances oriented along the medio-lateral axis of the hand compared to the proximo-distal axis. Moreover, within each task there were clear split-half correlations, demonstrating that both tasks show consistent individual differences. Critically, however, there was no correlation between the magnitudes of distortion in the two tasks. This casts doubt on the proposal that a common body model underlies both tactile distance perception and position sense. 1. Is the Positive Bias an ADHD Phenomenon? Reexamining the Positive Bias and its Correlates in a Heterogeneous Sample of Children. Science.gov (United States) Bourchtein, Elizaveta; Owens, Julie S; Dawson, Anne E; Evans, Steven W; Langberg, Joshua M; Flory, Kate; Lorch, Elizabeth P 2017-11-25 The goals of this study were to (a) evaluate the presence of the positive bias (PB) in elementary-school-aged children with and without ADHD when PB is defined at the individual level through latent profile analysis and (b) examine the extent to which several correlates (i.e., social functioning, aggression, depression, and anxiety) are associated with the PB. Participants were 233 youth (30% female; 8 to 10 years of age), 51% of whom met criteria for ADHD. During an individual evaluation, children and parents completed a battery of questionnaires to assess child competence, depression, anxiety, and aggression. Children also participated in a novel group session with same-sex unfamiliar peers (half of the group was comprised of children with ADHD) to engage in group problem-solving tasks and free play activities. After the group session, peers and staff completed ratings of each child's behavior (e.g., likeability, rule following). The best fitting LPA model for parent and self-ratings of competence revealed four profiles: High Competence/Self-Aware; Variable Competence/Self-Aware; Low Competence/Self-Aware; and Low Competence/PB, in which the PB was present across domains. Only 10% of youth showed a PB and youth with ADHD were no more likely to display the PB than their non-ADHD peers with similar levels of low competence. Lastly, the Low Competence/Self-Aware profile demonstrated higher levels of anxiety and depression than the Low Competence/PB profile; the profiles did not differ on aggression or peer or staff ratings of social/behavioral functioning. Implications for understanding the PB in children with and without ADHD are discussed. 2. Computerized implementation of higher-order electron-correlation methods and their linear-scaling divide-and-conquer extensions. Science.gov (United States) Nakano, Masahiko; Yoshikawa, Takeshi; Hirata, So; Seino, Junji; Nakai, Hiromi 2017-11-05 We have implemented a linear-scaling divide-and-conquer (DC)-based higher-order coupled-cluster (CC) and Møller-Plesset perturbation theories (MPPT) as well as their combinations automatically by means of the tensor contraction engine, which is a computerized symbolic algebra system. The DC-based energy expressions of the standard CC and MPPT methods and the CC methods augmented with a perturbation correction were proposed for up to high excitation orders [e.g., CCSDTQ, MP4, and CCSD(2) TQ ]. The numerical assessment for hydrogen halide chains, polyene chains, and first coordination sphere (C1) model of photoactive yellow protein has revealed that the DC-based correlation methods provide reliable correlation energies with significantly less computational cost than that of the conventional implementations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 3. Cell size is positively correlated between different tissues in passerine birds and amphibians, but not necessarily in mammals OpenAIRE Kozłowski, J.; Czarnołęski, M.; François-Krassowska, A.; Maciak, S.; Pis, T. 2010-01-01 We examined cell size correlations between tissues, and cell size to body mass relationships in passerine birds, amphibians and mammals. The size correlated highly between all cell types in birds and amphibians; mammalian tissues clustered by size correlation in three tissue groups. Erythrocyte size correlated well with the volume of other cell types in birds and amphibians, but poorly in mammals. In birds, body mass correlated positively with the size of all cell types including erythrocytes... 4. Positive correlation between serum and peritoneal fluid CA-125 levels in women with pelvic endometriosis Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Vivian Ferreira do Amaral Full Text Available CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: One of the diagnostic markers of endometriosis is CA-125, and elevated levels of this are caused by high concentrations in the ectopic endometrium. The objective of this study was to correlate CA-125 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid from women with and without pelvic endometriosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study of consecutive pa-tients undergoing laparoscopy for infertility, pelvic pain or tubal ligation, during early follicular phase, at the university hospital of Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. METHODS: Fifty-two patients were divided into two groups: endometriosis group, consisting of 35 patients with biopsy-confirmed pelvic endometriosis, and control group, consisting of 17 patients without endometriosis. CA-125 levels in serum samples and peritoneal fluid were determined by chemiluminescence. RESULTS: CA-125 levels in serum and peritoneal fluid were higher in patients with advanced pelvic endometriosis (means of 39.1 ± 45.8 U/ml versus 10.5 ± 5.9 U/ml in serum, p < 0.005; 1,469.4 ± 1,350.4 U/ml versus 888.7 ± 784.3 U/ml in peritoneal fluid, p < 0.05, and showed a positive correlation between each other (correlation coefficient (r = 0.4880. Women with more advanced degrees of endometriosis showed higher CA-125 levels in both serum and peritoneal fluid (p = 0.0001. CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between serum and peritoneal fluid values of CA-125 in women with and without endometriosis, and their levels are higher in peritoneal fluid. Advanced endometriosis is related to higher levels in both serum and peritoneal fluid. 5. A non linear analysis of human gait time series based on multifractal analysis and cross correlations International Nuclear Information System (INIS) 2005-01-01 We analyzed databases with gait time series of adults and persons with Parkinson, Huntington and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diseases. We obtained the staircase graphs of accumulated events that can be bounded by a straight line whose slope can be used to distinguish between gait time series from healthy and ill persons. The global Hurst exponent of these series do not show tendencies, we intend that this is because some gait time series have monofractal behavior and others have multifractal behavior so they cannot be characterized with a single Hurst exponent. We calculated the multifractal spectra, obtained the spectra width and found that the spectra of the healthy young persons are almost monofractal. The spectra of ill persons are wider than the spectra of healthy persons. In opposition to the interbeat time series where the pathology implies loss of multifractality, in the gait time series the multifractal behavior emerges with the pathology. Data were collected from healthy and ill subjects as they walked in a roughly circular path and they have sensors in both feet, so we have one time series for the left foot and other for the right foot. First, we analyzed these time series separately, and then we compared both results, with direct comparison and with a cross correlation analysis. We tried to find differences in both time series that can be used as indicators of equilibrium problems 6. A non linear analysis of human gait time series based on multifractal analysis and cross correlations Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Munoz-Diosdado, A [Department of Mathematics, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnologia, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, 07340, Mexico City (Mexico) 2005-01-01 We analyzed databases with gait time series of adults and persons with Parkinson, Huntington and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diseases. We obtained the staircase graphs of accumulated events that can be bounded by a straight line whose slope can be used to distinguish between gait time series from healthy and ill persons. The global Hurst exponent of these series do not show tendencies, we intend that this is because some gait time series have monofractal behavior and others have multifractal behavior so they cannot be characterized with a single Hurst exponent. We calculated the multifractal spectra, obtained the spectra width and found that the spectra of the healthy young persons are almost monofractal. The spectra of ill persons are wider than the spectra of healthy persons. In opposition to the interbeat time series where the pathology implies loss of multifractality, in the gait time series the multifractal behavior emerges with the pathology. Data were collected from healthy and ill subjects as they walked in a roughly circular path and they have sensors in both feet, so we have one time series for the left foot and other for the right foot. First, we analyzed these time series separately, and then we compared both results, with direct comparison and with a cross correlation analysis. We tried to find differences in both time series that can be used as indicators of equilibrium problems. 7. High serum coenzyme Q10, positively correlated with age, selenium and cholesterol in Inuit of Greenland DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Pedersen, Henning Sloth; Mortensen, S.A.; Rhode, M. 1999-01-01 impact. From a health survey we chose the subpopulation from the most remote area, where the traditional Greenlandic diet with high intake of sea mammals and fish predominates. The mean (SD) of S-CoQ10 in males was 1.495 (0.529) nmol/ml and 1.421 (0.629) nmol/ml in females, significantly higher (p ....001) compared to a Danish population. In a linear multiple regression model the S-CoQ10 level is significantly positively associated with age and S-selenium in males, and S-total cholesterol in females. The high level of CoQ10 in Greenlanders probably reflects diet, since no bioaccumulation takes place... 8. Negative relationship behavior is more important than positive: Correlates of outcomes during stressful life events. Science.gov (United States) Rivers, Alannah Shelby; Sanford, Keith 2018-04-01 When people who are married or cohabiting face stressful life situations, their ability to cope may be associated with two separate dimensions of interpersonal behavior: positive and negative. These behaviors can be assessed with the Couple Resilience Inventory (CRI). It was expected that scales on this instrument would correlate with outcome variables regarding life well-being, stress, and relationship satisfaction. It was also expected that effects for negative behavior would be larger than effects for positive and that the effects might be curvilinear. Study 1 included 325 married or cohabiting people currently experiencing nonmedical major life stressors and Study 2 included 154 married or cohabiting people with current, serious medical conditions. All participants completed an online questionnaire including the CRI along with an alternate measure of couple behavior (to confirm scale validity), a measure of general coping style (to serve as a covariate), and measures of outcome variables regarding well-being, quality of life, perceived stress, and relationship satisfaction. The effects for negative behavior were larger than effects for positive in predicting most outcomes, and many effects were curvilinear. Notably, results remained significant after controlling for general coping style, and scales measuring positive and negative behavior demonstrated comparable levels of validity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved). 9. On the use of iterative techniques for feedforward control of transverse angle and position jitter in linear particle beam accelerators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barr, D.S. 1995-01-01 It is possible to use feedforward predictive control for transverse position and trajectory-angle jitter correction. The control procedure is straightforward, but creation of the predictive filter is not as obvious. The two process tested were the least mean squares (LMS) and Kalman filter methods. The controller parameters calculated offline are downloaded to a real-time analog correction system between macropulses. These techniques worked well for both interpulse (pulse-to-pulse) correction and intrapulse (within a pulse) correction with the Kalman filter method being the clear winner. A simulation based on interpulse data taken at the Stanford Linear Collider showed an improvement factor of almost three in the average rms jitter over standard feedback techniques for the Kalman filter. An improvement factor of over three was found for the Kalman filter on intrapulse data taken at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. The feedforward systems also improved the correction bandwidth. copyright 1995 American Institute of Physics 10. On the use of iterative techniques for feedforward control of transverse angle and position jitter in linear particle beam accelerators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barr, D.S. 1994-01-01 It is possible to use feedforward predictive control for transverse position and trajectory-angle jitter correction. The control procedure is straightforward, but creation of the predictive filter is not as obvious. The two processes tested were the least mean squares (LMS) and Kalman inter methods. The controller parameters calculated offline are downloaded to a real-time analog correction system between macropulses. These techniques worked well for both interpulse (pulse-to-pulse) correction and intrapulse (within a pulse) correction with the Kalman filter method being the clear winner. A simulation based on interpulse data taken at the Stanford Linear Collider showed an improvement factor of almost three in the average rms jitter over standard feedback techniques for the Kalman filter. An improvement factor of over three was found for the Kalman filter on intrapulse data taken at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. The feedforward systems also improved the correction bandwidth 11. Large, Linear, and Tunable Positive Magnetoresistance of Mechanically Stable Graphene Foam-Toward High-Performance Magnetic Field Sensors. Science.gov (United States) Sagar, Rizwan Ur Rehman; Galluzzi, Massimiliano; Wan, Caihua; Shehzad, Khurram; Navale, Sachin T; Anwar, Tauseef; Mane, Rajaram S; Piao, Hong-Guang; Ali, Abid; Stadler, Florian J 2017-01-18 Here, we present the first observation of magneto-transport properties of graphene foam (GF) composed of a few layers in a wide temperature range of 2-300 K. Large room-temperature linear positive magnetoresistance (PMR ≈ 171% at B ≈ 9 T) has been detected. The largest PMR (∼213%) has been achieved at 2 K under a magnetic field of 9 T, which can be tuned by the addition of poly(methyl methacrylate) to the porous structure of the foam. This remarkable magnetoresistance may be the result of quadratic magnetoresistance. The excellent magneto-transport properties of GF open a way toward three-dimensional graphene-based magnetoelectronic devices. 12. The CN–CH Positive Correlation in the Globular Cluster NGC 5286 Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lim, Dongwook; Hong, Seungsoo; Lee, Young-Wook, E-mail: dwlim@yonsei.ac.kr, E-mail: ywlee2@yonsei.ac.kr [Center for Galaxy Evolution Research and Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722 (Korea, Republic of) 2017-07-20 We performed low-resolution spectroscopy of the red giant stars in the Galactic globular cluster (GC) NGC 5286, which is known to show intrinsic heavy element abundance variations. We found that the observed stars in this GC are clearly divided into three subpopulations by CN index (CN-weak, CN-intermediate, and CN-strong). The CN-strong stars are also enhanced in the calcium HK′ (7.4 σ ) and CH (5.1 σ ) indices, while the CN-intermediate stars show no significant difference in the strength of the HK′ index from the CN-weak stars. From the comparison with high-resolution spectroscopic data, we found that the CN- and HK′-strong stars are also enhanced in the abundances of Fe and s -process elements. It appears, therefore, that these stars are later-generation stars affected by some supernova enrichment in addition to the asymptotic giant branch ejecta. In addition, unlike normal GCs, sample stars in NGC 5286 show the CN–CH positive correlation, strengthening our previous suggestion that this positive correlation is only discovered in GCs with heavy element abundance variations, such as M22 and NGC 6273. 13. EMMPRIN expression positively correlates with WHO grades of astrocytomas and meningiomas. Science.gov (United States) Tsai, Wen-Chiuan; Chen, Ying; Huang, Li-Chun; Lee, Herng-Sheng; Ma, Hsin-I; Huang, Shih-Ming; Sytwu, Huey-Kang; Hueng, Dueng-Yuan 2013-09-01 14. Design, construction, and in vivo feasibility of a positioning device for irradiation of mice brains using a clinical linear accelerator and intensity modulated radiation therapy. Science.gov (United States) Rancilio, Nicholas J; Dahl, Shaun; Athanasiadi, Ilektra; Perez-Torres, Carlos J 2017-12-01 The goal of this study was to design a positioning device that would allow for selective irradiation of the mouse brain with a clinical linear accelerator. We designed and fabricated an immobilization fixture that incorporates three functions: head stabilizer (through ear bars and tooth bar), gaseous anesthesia delivery and scavenging, and tissue mimic/bolus. Cohorts of five mice were irradiated such that each mouse in the cohort received a unique dose between 1000 and 3000 cGy. DNA damage immunohistochemistry was used to validate an increase in biological effect as a function of radiation dose. Mice were then followed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There was evidence of DNA damage throughout the brain proportional to radiation dose. Radiation-induced damage at the prescribed doses, as depicted by H&E, appeared to be constrained to the white matter consistent with radiological observation in human patients. The severity of the damage correlated with the radiation dose as expected. We have designed and manufactured a device that allows us to selectively irradiate the mouse brain with a clinical linear accelerator. However, some off-target effects are possible with large prescription doses. 15. Proteomic Analysis of Saliva in HIV-positive Heroin Addicts Reveals Proteins Correlated with Cognition Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Dominy, Stephen; Brown, Joseph N.; Ryder, Mark I.; Gritsenko, Marina A.; Jacobs, Jon M.; Smith, Richard D. 2014-04-01 The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains high despite effective antiretroviral therapies. Multiple etiologies have been proposed over the last few years to account for this phenomenon, including the neurotoxic effects of antiretrovirals and co-morbid substance abuse. However, no underlying molecular mechanism has been identified. Emerging evidence in several fields has linked the gut to brain diseases, but the effect of the gut on the brain during HIV infection has not been explored. Saliva is the most accessible gut biofluid, and is therefore of great scientific interest for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. This study presents a longitudinal, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics study investigating saliva samples taken from 8 HIV-positive (HIV+) and 11 -negative (HIV-) heroin addicts. In the HIV+ group, 58 proteins were identified that show significant correlations with cognitive scores and that implicate disruption of protein quality control pathways by HIV. Notably, no proteins from the HIV- heroin addict cohort showed significant correlations with cognitive scores. In addition, the majority of correlated proteins have been shown to be associated with exosomes, allowing us to propose that the salivary glands and/or oral epithelium may modulate brain function during HIV infection through the release of discrete packets of proteins in the form of exosomes. 16. Positive Correlation between Serum Osteocalcin and Testosterone in Male Hyperthyroidism Patients with High Bone Turnover. Science.gov (United States) Zhong, N; Xu, B; Cui, R; Xu, M; Su, J; Zhang, Z; Liu, Y; Li, L; Sheng, C; Sheng, H; Qu, S 2016-07-01 Animal studies suggested that there is an independent bone-osteocalcin-gonadal axis, except of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Based on this hypothesis, the higher osteocalcin during the high bone turnover should be followed by higher testosterone formation. Yet such clinical evidence is limited. The patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism are proper model with high bone turnover. If this hypothesis is true, there should be high testosterone level in patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Therefore, Graves' disease patients were recruited to study the correlation between osteocalcin and testosterone. 50 male hyperthyroidism patients with Graves' disease and 50 health persons matched by age and gender were enrolled in our cross-section study. Serum markers for thyroid hormone, sex hormone and bone metabolic markers including free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen (CTX) were examined. The demographic parameters such as duration of disease were also collected. All data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0. High testosterone and osteocalcin level was observed in the hyperthyroidism patients (T 36.35±10.72 nmol/l and OC 46.79±26.83 ng/ml). In simple Pearson correlation, testosterone was positively associated with OC (r=0.486, Phyperthyroidism patients, osteocalcin was positively correlated with serum testosterone, which indirectly supports the hypothesis that serum osteocalcin participates in the regulation of sex hormone. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York. 17. Sociotropic personality traits positively correlate with the severity of social anxiety Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Nurhan Fistikci 2015-05-01 Full Text Available Aim. To investigate sociotropic-autonomic personality characteristics and their clinical implications in social anxiety disorder (SAD.  Methods. The study included 68 consecutive patients who were either being followed up on an outpatient basis or presented for the first time to the psychiatric clinics of Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery or Trakya University School of Medicine between May 2012 and May 2013, and were diagnosed primarily with generalised SAD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS, Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS and a sociodemographic data collection form designed by the authors were used as primary assessment instruments.  Results. The mean age (standard deviation (SD of the sample group was 23.73 (8.85 years; 37 (54.4% were female and 31 (45.6% were male. LSAS mean (SD total fear score was 63.51 (13.74, mean total avoidance score was 61.24 (14.26, BDI mean score was 16.99 (9.58, SAS mean sociotropy score was 71.06 (16.79, and mean autonomy score was 63.22 (16.04. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between SAS sociotropy scores and LSAS fear and avoidance total scores, BDI scores and all subscales of SCL-90-R (p0.05.  Conclusion. Sociotropic personality characteristics in patients with SAD have been found to positively correlate with depression and social anxiety levels. Addressing this finding during treatment sessions and helping the patient increase flexibility in appraisal of social life events may have a positive impact on treatment outcome. 18. Linear correlation between fractal dimension of surface EMG signal from Rectus Femoris and height of vertical jump International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Ancillao, Andrea; Galli, Manuela; Rigoldi, Chiara; Albertini, Giorgio 2014-01-01 Fractal dimension was demonstrated to be able to characterize the complexity of biological signals. The EMG time series are well known to have a complex behavior and some other studies already tried to characterize these signals by their fractal dimension. This paper is aimed at studying the correlation between the fractal dimension of surface EMG signal recorded over Rectus Femoris muscles during a vertical jump and the height reached in that jump. Healthy subjects performed vertical jumps at different heights. Surface EMG from Rectus Femoris was recorded and the height of each jump was measured by an optoelectronic motion capture system. Fractal dimension of sEMG was computed and the correlation between fractal dimension and eight of the jump was studied. Linear regression analysis showed a very high correlation coefficient between the fractal dimension and the height of the jump for all the subjects. The results of this study show that the fractal dimension is able to characterize the EMG signal and it can be related to the performance of the jump. Fractal dimension is therefore an useful tool for EMG interpretation 19. Generalized randomly amplified linear system driven by Gaussian noises: Extreme heavy tail and algebraic correlation decay in plasma turbulence International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Steinbrecher, Gyoergy; Weyssow, B. 2004-01-01 The extreme heavy tail and the power-law decay of the turbulent flux correlation observed in hot magnetically confined plasmas are modeled by a system of coupled Langevin equations describing a continuous time linear randomly amplified stochastic process where the amplification factor is driven by a superposition of colored noises which, in a suitable limit, generate a fractional Brownian motion. An exact analytical formula for the power-law tail exponent β is derived. The extremely small value of the heavy tail exponent and the power-law distribution of laminar times also found experimentally are obtained, in a robust manner, for a wide range of input values, as a consequence of the (asymptotic) self-similarity property of the noise spectrum. As a by-product, a new representation of the persistent fractional Brownian motion is obtained 20. Efficient multiple-trait association and estimation of genetic correlation using the matrix-variate linear mixed model. Science.gov (United States) Furlotte, Nicholas A; Eskin, Eleazar 2015-05-01 Multiple-trait association mapping, in which multiple traits are used simultaneously in the identification of genetic variants affecting those traits, has recently attracted interest. One class of approaches for this problem builds on classical variance component methodology, utilizing a multitrait version of a linear mixed model. These approaches both increase power and provide insights into the genetic architecture of multiple traits. In particular, it is possible to estimate the genetic correlation, which is a measure of the portion of the total correlation between traits that is due to additive genetic effects. Unfortunately, the practical utility of these methods is limited since they are computationally intractable for large sample sizes. In this article, we introduce a reformulation of the multiple-trait association mapping approach by defining the matrix-variate linear mixed model. Our approach reduces the computational time necessary to perform maximum-likelihood inference in a multiple-trait model by utilizing a data transformation. By utilizing a well-studied human cohort, we show that our approach provides more than a 10-fold speedup, making multiple-trait association feasible in a large population cohort on the genome-wide scale. We take advantage of the efficiency of our approach to analyze gene expression data. By decomposing gene coexpression into a genetic and environmental component, we show that our method provides fundamental insights into the nature of coexpressed genes. An implementation of this method is available at http://genetics.cs.ucla.edu/mvLMM. Copyright © 2015 by the Genetics Society of America. 1. Information Literacy Skills Are Positively Correlated with Writing Grade and Overall Course Performance Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Rachel Elizabeth Scott 2017-06-01 Full Text Available A Review of: Shao, X., & Purpur, G. (2016. Effects of information literacy skills on student writing and course performance. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 42(6, 670-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2016.08.006 Abstract Objective – To measure the correlation of tested information literacy skills with individual writing scores and overall course grade. Design – Online, multiple-choice survey. Setting – Public research university in North Carolina, United States of America. Subjects – Freshmen students enrolled in either first-year seminar (UCO1200 or basic English writing course (ENG1000. Methods – A 25-question, forced-choice test was piloted with 30 students and measured for internal consistency using Cronbach’s Alphas. The survey instrument was slightly revised before being administered online via SelectSurvey, to 398 students in 19 different sections of either UCO1200 or ENG1000, during class sessions. The test measured students’ information literacy skills in four areas: research strategies, resource types, scholarly vs. popular, and evaluating websites. The preliminary questions asked for each student’s name, major (by category, number of library instruction sessions attended, and the names of library services utilized. The students’ information literacy scores were compared to their writing scores and overall course grades, both of which were obtained from course instructors. The information literacy scores were also analyzed for correlation to the number of library instruction sessions attended or the types of library services utilized. Main Results – Information literacy skills positively correlated with writing scores (n=344, r=-.153, p=0.004 and final course grades (n=345, r=0.112, p=0.037. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients results demonstrated relationships between writing scores and the information literacy test section “Scholarly versus Popular Sources” (n=344, r=0.145, p=0.007, and final 2. Observations of geographically correlated orbit errors for TOPEX/Poseidon using the global positioning system Science.gov (United States) Christensen, E. J.; Haines, B. J.; Mccoll, K. C.; Nerem, R. S. 1994-01-01 We have compared Global Positioning System (GPS)-based dynamic and reduced-dynamic TOPEX/Poseidon orbits over three 10-day repeat cycles of the ground-track. The results suggest that the prelaunch joint gravity model (JGM-1) introduces geographically correlated errors (GCEs) which have a strong meridional dependence. The global distribution and magnitude of these GCEs are consistent with a prelaunch covariance analysis, with estimated and predicted global rms error statistics of 2.3 and 2.4 cm rms, respectively. Repeating the analysis with the post-launch joint gravity model (JGM-2) suggests that a portion of the meridional dependence observed in JGM-1 still remains, with global rms error of 1.2 cm. 3. High energy electron radiography system design and simulation study of beam angle-position correlation and aperture effect on the images International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Zhao, Quantang; Cao, S.C.; Liu, M.; Sheng, X.K.; Wang, Y.R.; Zong, Y.; Zhang, X.M.; Jing, Y.; Cheng, R.; Zhao, Y.T.; Zhang, Z.M.; Du, Y.C.; Gai, W. 2016-01-01 A beam line dedicated to high-energy electron radiography experimental research with linear achromat and imaging lens systems has been designed. The field of view requirement on the target and the beam angle-position correlation correction can be achieved by fine-tuning the fields of the quadrupoles used in the achromat in combination with already existing six quadrupoles before the achromat. The radiography system is designed by fully considering the space limitation of the laboratory and the beam diagnostics devices. Two kinds of imaging lens system, a quadruplet and an octuplet system are integrated into one beam line with the same object plane and image plane but with different magnification factor. The beam angle-position correlation on the target required by the imaging lens system and the aperture effect on the images are studied with particle tracking simulation. It is shown that the aperture position is also correlated to the beam angle-position on the target. With matched beam on the target, corresponding aperture position and suitable aperture radius, clear pictures can be imaged by both lens systems. The aperture is very important for the imaging. The details of the beam optical requirements, optimized parameters and the simulation results are presented. 4. Distributions of positive correlations in sectoral value added growth in the global economic network* Science.gov (United States) Maluck, Julian; Donner, Reik V. 2017-02-01 5. Radiation propagation in random media: From positive to negative correlations in high-frequency fluctuations International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Davis, Anthony B.; Mineev-Weinstein, Mark B. 2011-01-01 We survey research on radiation propagation or ballistic particle motion through media with randomly variable material density, and we investigate the topic with an emphasis on very high spatial frequencies. Our new results are based on a specific variability model consisting of a zero-mean Gaussian scaling noise riding on a constant value that is large enough with respect to the amplitude of the noise to yield overwhelmingly non-negative density. We first generalize known results about sub-exponential transmission from regular functions, which are almost everywhere continuous, to merely 'measurable' ones, which are almost everywhere discontinuous (akin to statistically stationary noises), with positively correlated fluctuations. We then use the generalized measure-theoretic formulation to address negatively correlated stochastic media without leaving the framework of conventional (continuum-limit) transport theory. We thus resolve a controversy about recent claims that only discrete-point process approaches can accommodate negative correlations, i.e., anti-clustering of the material particles. We obtain in this case the predicted super-exponential behavior, but it is rather weak. Physically, and much like the alternative discrete-point process approach, the new model applies most naturally to scales commensurate with the inter-particle distance in the material, i.e., when the notion of particle density breaks down due to Poissonian-or maybe not-so-Poissonian-number-count fluctuations occur in the sample volume. At the same time, the noisy structure must prevail up to scales commensurate with the mean-free-path to be of practical significance. Possible applications are discussed. 6. Glenohumeral position during CT arthrography with arthroscopic correlation: optimization of diagnostic yield Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Simeone, F.J.; Gill, Corey M.; Torriani, Martin; Bredella, Miriam A. [Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Boston, MA (United States); Taneja, Atul K. [Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Hospital do Coracao (HCor) and Teleimagem, Musculoskeletal Imaging, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil) 2017-06-15 To evaluate the diagnostic yield of two acquisitions of single-contrast CT arthrography (CTA) of the shoulder in internal, neutral, or external glenohumeral rotation with arthroscopic correlation. The CT study was obtained using two acquisitions (first the humerus positioned in maximum tolerated external rotation with the arm along the body and the second with the humerus in internal rotation with the palm placed flat on the table). Two independent readers blinded to the arthroscopic results evaluated the CTA images for labral tears, glenoid bone loss/fractures, and cartilage loss. For each CTA acquisition, sensitivity and specificity for detection of the aforementioned pathology were assessed. Inter-reader agreement was quantified by weighted k statistics. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting anteroinferior or posterior labral tears was highest with neutral rotation (sensitivity 91-100%, specificity 61-100%). For glenoid fracture, sensitivity (67%) was highest with external rotation and specificity (100%) was highest with internal rotation. For cartilage loss, sensitivity (64%) and specificity (89%) was highest with external rotation and neutral rotation, respectively. Neutral rotation showed high sensitivity and specificity for glenoid fractures and cartilage loss. Inter-reader agreement ranged from fair to very good. Neutral glenohumeral position in shoulder CT arthrography was adequately sensitive and specific for the detection of intra-articular pathology, avoiding the use of more than one acquisition. (orig.) 7. Damping at positive frequencies in the limit J⊥-->0 in the strongly correlated Hubbard model Science.gov (United States) Mohan, Minette M. 1992-08-01 I show damping in the two-dimensional strongly correlated Hubbard model within the retraceable-path approximation, using an expansion around dominant poles for the self-energy. The damping half-width ~J2/3z occurs only at positive frequencies ω>5/2Jz, the excitation energy of a pure string'' state of length one, where Jz is the Ising part of the superexchange interaction, and occurs even in the absence of spin-flip terms ~J⊥ in contrast to other theoretical treatments. The dispersion relation for both damped and undamped peaks near the upper band edge is found and is shown to have lost the simple J2/3z dependence characteristic of the peaks near the lower band edge. The position of the first three peaks near the upper band edge agrees well with numerical simulations on the t-J model. The weight of the undamped peaks near the upper band edge is ~J4/3z, contrasting with Jz for the weight near the lower band edge. 8. Positive correlations between cerebral choline and renal dysfunction in chronic renal failure International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sasaki, Osamu; Nakahama, Hajime; Nakamura, Satoko; Inenaga, Takashi; Kawano, Yuhei; Hattori, Noriaki; Inoue, Noriko; Sawada, Tohru; Kohno, Shigeru 2006-01-01 Cerebral metabolism in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients has not been fully evaluated. This study examined cerebral metabolites in CRF, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Subjects comprised 19 CRF patients and 21 healthy volunteers. Spectra were acquired from voxels of interest positioned in the parietal gray and white matter, and concentrations of the following cerebral metabolites were measured: N-acetyl group (NA), creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol and glutamate + glutamine. Among the 19 CRF patients, 9 who were started on hemodialysis (HD) underwent careful follow-up. Proton MRS was performed before and about 2 weeks after starting HD. In six patients in whom follow-up was possible, a third MRS was performed after about 18 months. The NA/Cr ratio was not significantly changed in CRF. However, elevations in the Cho/Cr ratio were found in both gray and white matter compared with controls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of positive correlations between the Cho/Cr ratio in both regions and serum osmotic pressure. (orig.) 9. Estimation of breeding values for mean and dispersion, their variance and correlation using double hierarchical generalized linear models. Science.gov (United States) Felleki, M; Lee, D; Lee, Y; Gilmour, A R; Rönnegård, L 2012-12-01 The possibility of breeding for uniform individuals by selecting animals expressing a small response to environment has been studied extensively in animal breeding. Bayesian methods for fitting models with genetic components in the residual variance have been developed for this purpose, but have limitations due to the computational demands. We use the hierarchical (h)-likelihood from the theory of double hierarchical generalized linear models (DHGLM) to derive an estimation algorithm that is computationally feasible for large datasets. Random effects for both the mean and residual variance parts of the model are estimated together with their variance/covariance components. An important feature of the algorithm is that it can fit a correlation between the random effects for mean and variance. An h-likelihood estimator is implemented in the R software and an iterative reweighted least square (IRWLS) approximation of the h-likelihood is implemented using ASReml. The difference in variance component estimates between the two implementations is investigated, as well as the potential bias of the methods, using simulations. IRWLS gives the same results as h-likelihood in simple cases with no severe indication of bias. For more complex cases, only IRWLS could be used, and bias did appear. The IRWLS is applied on the pig litter size data previously analysed by Sorensen & Waagepetersen (2003) using Bayesian methodology. The estimates we obtained by using IRWLS are similar to theirs, with the estimated correlation between the random genetic effects being -0·52 for IRWLS and -0·62 in Sorensen & Waagepetersen (2003). 10. Correlates of HCV seropositivity among familial contacts of HCV positive patients Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Matera Antonio 2006-09-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background Determinants of intrafamilial HCV transmission are still being debated. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlates of HCV seropositivity among familial contacts of HCV positive patients in Italy. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 175 HCV positive patients (index cases, recruited from Policlinico Gemelli in Rome as well as other hospitals in Central Italy between 1995 and 2000 (40% female, mean age 57 ± 15.2 years, and 259 familial contacts. Differences in proportions of qualitative variables were tested with non-parametric tests (χ2, Yates correction, Fisher exact test, and a p value Results Seropositivity for HCV was found in 8.9% of the contacts. From the univariate analysis, risk factors significantly associated to HCV positivity in the contacts were: intravenous drug addiction (p = 0.004 and intercourse with drug addicts (p = 0.005. The only variables associated significantly and independently to HCV seropositivity in patients' contacts were intercourse with drug addicts (OR = 19.28; 95% CI: 2.01 – 184.94, the retirement status from work (OR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.17 – 11.98, the time of the relationship (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00 – 1.11 and tattoos (OR = 7.68; 95% CI: 1.00 – 60.20. Conclusion The present study confirms that having intercourse with a drug addict is the most significant risk factor for intrafamilial HCV transmission. The association with retirement status from work could be related to both a long-term relationship with an index case and past exposure to common risk factors. 11. Modulation of Quorum Sensing in a Gram-Positive Pathogen by Linear Molecularly Imprinted Polymers with Anti-infective Properties. Science.gov (United States) Motib, Anfal; Guerreiro, Antonio; Al-Bayati, Firas; Piletska, Elena; Manzoor, Irfan; Shafeeq, Sulman; Kadam, Anagha; Kuipers, Oscar; Hiller, Luisa; Cowen, Todd; Piletsky, Sergey; Andrew, Peter W; Yesilkaya, Hasan 2017-12-22 We describe the development, characterization, and biological testing of a new type of linear molecularly imprinted polymer (LMIP) designed to act as an anti-infective by blocking the quorum sensing (QS) mechanism and so abrogating the virulence of the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The LMIP is prepared (polymerized) in presence of a template molecule, but unlike in traditional molecular imprinting approaches, no cross-linker is used. This results in soluble low-molecular-weight oligomers that can act as a therapeutic agent in vitro and in vivo. The LMIP was characterized by mass spectrometry to determine its monomer composition. Fragments identified were then aligned along the peptide template by computer modeling to predict the possible monomer sequence of the LMIP. These findings provide a proof of principle that LMIPs can be used to block QS, thus setting the stage for the development of LMIPs a novel drug-discovery platform and class of materials to target Gram-positive pathogens. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. 12. Measurement of the length and position of the lower oesophageal sphincter by correlation of external measurements and radiographic estimations in dogs International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Waterman, A.E.; Hashim, M.A. 1991-01-01 Fifty dogs were investigated in order to correlate the length and position of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) with external measurements. Various external measurements were taken while the dogs were anaesthetised and positioned in lateral recumbency. An oesophageal tube was then introduced into the oesophagus and thoracic radiographs were taken. The 'real internal length of the oesophagus' was calculated as the length from the lower jaw incisor tooth to the position of the oesophageal tube at the costal border of the diaphragm. A highly significant linear correlation was found between this internal length and the external length from lower jaw incisor tooth to the anterior border of the head of the 10th rib. Using oesophageal manometry, the length and position of the LOS was also studied in 25 clinically normal bitches. The mean length of the LOS was found to be 4.6 +/- 0.92 cm. The position of the LOS was a mean of 4.4 +/- 1.69 cm cranial to the costal border of the diaphragm. The findings of this study indicate that the external measurements can be used to position catheters for accurate oesophageal manometry in the dog 13. Effects of correlations between particle longitudinal positions and transverse plane on bunch length measurement: a case study on GBS electron LINAC at ELI-NP Science.gov (United States) Sabato, L.; Arpaia, P.; Cianchi, A.; Liccardo, A.; Mostacci, A.; Palumbo, L.; Variola, A. 2018-02-01 In high-brightness LINear ACcelerators (LINACs), electron bunch length can be measured indirectly by a radio frequency deflector (RFD). In this paper, the accuracy loss arising from non-negligible correlations between particle longitudinal positions and the transverse plane (in particular the vertical one) at RFD entrance is analytically assessed. Theoretical predictions are compared with simulation results, obtained by means of ELEctron Generation ANd Tracking (ELEGANT) code, in the case study of the gamma beam system (GBS) at the extreme light infrastructure—nuclear physics (ELI-NP). In particular, the relative error affecting the bunch length measurement, for bunches characterized by both energy chirp and fixed correlation coefficients between longitudinal particle positions and the vertical plane, is reported. Moreover, the relative error versus the correlation coefficients is shown for fixed RFD phase 0 rad and π rad. The relationship between relative error and correlations factors can help the decision of using the bunch length measurement technique with one or two vertical spot size measurements in order to cancel the correlations contribution. In the case of the GBS electron LINAC, the misalignment of one of the quadrupoles before the RFD between  -2 mm and 2 mm leads to a relative error less than 5%. The misalignment of the first C-band accelerating section between  -2 mm and 2 mm could lead to a relative error up to 10%. 14. Development of Bundle Position-Wise Linear Model for Predicting the Pressure Tube Diametral Creep in CANDU Reactors International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lee, Jae Yong; Na, Man Gyun 2011-01-01 Diametral creep of the pressure tube (PT) is one of the principal aging mechanisms governing the heat transfer and hydraulic degradation of a heat transport system. PT diametral creep leads to diametral expansion that affects the thermal hydraulic characteristics of the coolant channels and the critical heat flux. Therefore, it is essential to predict the PT diametral creep in CANDU reactors, which is caused mainly by fast neutron irradiation, reactor coolant temperature and so forth. The currently used PT diametral creep prediction model considers the complex interactions between the effects of temperature and fast neutron flux on the deformation of PT zirconium alloys. The model assumes that long-term steady-state deformation consists of separable, additive components from thermal creep, irradiation creep and irradiation growth. This is a mechanistic model based on measured data. However, this model has high prediction uncertainty. Recently, a statistical error modeling method was developed using plant inspection data from the Bruce B CANDU reactor. The aim of this study was to develop a bundle position-wise linear model (BPLM) to predict PT diametral creep employing previously measured PT diameters and HTS operating conditions. There are twelve bundles in a fuel channel and for each bundle, a linear model was developed by using the dependent variables, such as the fast neutron fluxes and the bundle temperatures. The training data set was selected using the subtractive clustering method. The data of 39 channels that consist of 80 percent of a total of 49 measured channels from Units 2, 3 and 4 were used to develop the BPLM models. The remaining 10 channels' data were used to test the developed BPLM models. The BPLM was optimized by the maximum likelihood estimation method. The developed BPLM to predict PT diametral creep was verified using the operating data gathered from the Units 2,3 and 4 in Korea. Two error components for the BPLM, which are the epistemic 15. Linear analysis near a steady-state of biochemical networks: control analysis, correlation metrics and circuit theory Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Qian Hong 2008-05-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background: Several approaches, including metabolic control analysis (MCA, flux balance analysis (FBA, correlation metric construction (CMC, and biochemical circuit theory (BCT, have been developed for the quantitative analysis of complex biochemical networks. Here, we present a comprehensive theory of linear analysis for nonequilibrium steady-state (NESS biochemical reaction networks that unites these disparate approaches in a common mathematical framework and thermodynamic basis. Results: In this theory a number of relationships between key matrices are introduced: the matrix A obtained in the standard, linear-dynamic-stability analysis of the steady-state can be decomposed as A = SRT where R and S are directly related to the elasticity-coefficient matrix for the fluxes and chemical potentials in MCA, respectively; the control-coefficients for the fluxes and chemical potentials can be written in terms of RT BS and ST BS respectively where matrix B is the inverse of A; the matrix S is precisely the stoichiometric matrix in FBA; and the matrix eAt plays a central role in CMC. Conclusion: One key finding that emerges from this analysis is that the well-known summation theorems in MCA take different forms depending on whether metabolic steady-state is maintained by flux injection or concentration clamping. We demonstrate that if rate-limiting steps exist in a biochemical pathway, they are the steps with smallest biochemical conductances and largest flux control-coefficients. We hypothesize that biochemical networks for cellular signaling have a different strategy for minimizing energy waste and being efficient than do biochemical networks for biosynthesis. We also discuss the intimate relationship between MCA and biochemical systems analysis (BSA. 16. Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow and positive/negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients: covariate SPM analysis Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Lim, Ki Chun; Kim, J. S.; Kim, C. Y.; Lee, H. K.; Moon, D. H. [Ulsan University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of) 2002-07-01 We investigated the relations between rCBF and psychopathology in schizophrenic patients using a SPM99. Thirty-two patients(M/F:22/10, 25{+-}5,6yr) with active symptoms of schizophrenia and 15 age matched normal controls underwent Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT. Psychopathology of all patients were also assessed according to PANSS (positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia). By covariate SPM analysis, specific areas where rCBF correlated with sum scores of positive/negative synptoms were identified. Regional CBF of schizophrenics was different in several cortical regions from normal controls. Sum scores of positive symptoms were positively correlated with rCBF of both rectal and inferior frontal gyri and right transverse temporal gyrus, and negatively correlated with rCBF of left lingual and right middle temporal gyri (p<0.01). Sum scores of negative symptoms were positively correlated with rCBF of both middle temporal gyri and negatively correlated with rCBF of right superior parietal lobule and medial frontal gyrus (p<0.01). Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia were correlated with rCBF change in different regions of cerebral association cortex. 17. Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow and positive/negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients: covariate SPM analysis International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lim, Ki Chun; Kim, J. S.; Kim, C. Y.; Lee, H. K.; Moon, D. H. 2002-01-01 We investigated the relations between rCBF and psychopathology in schizophrenic patients using a SPM99. Thirty-two patients(M/F:22/10, 25±5,6yr) with active symptoms of schizophrenia and 15 age matched normal controls underwent Tc-99m ECD brain perfusion SPECT. Psychopathology of all patients were also assessed according to PANSS (positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia). By covariate SPM analysis, specific areas where rCBF correlated with sum scores of positive/negative synptoms were identified. Regional CBF of schizophrenics was different in several cortical regions from normal controls. Sum scores of positive symptoms were positively correlated with rCBF of both rectal and inferior frontal gyri and right transverse temporal gyrus, and negatively correlated with rCBF of left lingual and right middle temporal gyri (p<0.01). Sum scores of negative symptoms were positively correlated with rCBF of both middle temporal gyri and negatively correlated with rCBF of right superior parietal lobule and medial frontal gyrus (p<0.01). Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia were correlated with rCBF change in different regions of cerebral association cortex 18. H. Pylori Positivity and Various Pathological, Endoscopic and Clinical Features Correlated with Each Other International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Coskun, A.; Yukselen, V.; Yasa, M. H.; Karaoglu, A. O.; Meteoglu, I.; Ergin, F.; Kadikoylu, G. 2015-01-01 Objective: To investigate the relationship between dyspepsia symptom scores and endoscopic appearances, and histopathological findings and helicobacter pylori positivity in patients having dyspepsia symptom. Methods: The study was conducted at the gastroenterology outpatient clinic of Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey from April 2012 to July 2012 and comprised patients between 18-65 years of age who were admitted with dyspepsia. Glasgow dyspepsia severity scoring was done with questions posed orally to the patients. In histopathological evaluation of biopsy specimens according to Sydney criteria, chronic inflammation, activity, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and helicobacter pylori parameters were used. Total number of eosinophils and number of mast cells were recorded. Results: Of the 60 patients with dyspepsia, 38(63.3 percent) were female and 22(36.7 percent) were male. The degree of activation and severity of inflammation increased significantly with increasing helicobacter pylori positivity(r=0.459'p<0.0001; r=0.475'p<0.0001). A significant relationship was found between inflammation, activation and the number of mast cells (p<0.05).There was no relationship between helicobacter pylori intensity and the eosinophil count (r=0.171; p=0.093). There was also a statistically significant correlation between severity of inflammation and activation and the number of eosinophils (r=0.313;p=0.002;r=0.245;p=0.016). Conclusion: Mast cell density was seen to have a role in the inflammatory processes of helicobacter pylori infection. (author) 19. Functional correlates of positional and gender-specific renal asymmetry in Drosophila. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Venkateswara R Chintapalli Full Text Available In humans and other animals, the internal organs are positioned asymmetrically in the body cavity, and disruption of this body plan can be fatal in humans. The mechanisms by which internal asymmetry are established are presently the subject of intense study; however, the functional significance of internal asymmetry (outside the brain is largely unexplored. Is internal asymmetry functionally significant, or merely an expedient way of packing organs into a cavity?Like humans, Drosophila shows internal asymmetry, with the gut thrown into stereotyped folds. There is also renal asymmetry, with the rightmost pair of renal (Malpighian tubules always ramifying anteriorly, and the leftmost pair always sitting posteriorly in the body cavity. Accordingly, transcriptomes of anterior-directed (right-side and posterior-directed (left-side Malpighian (renal tubules were compared in both adult male and female Drosophila. Although genes encoding the basic functions of the tubules (transport, signalling were uniformly expressed, some functions (like innate immunity showed positional or gender differences in emphasis; others, like calcium handling or the generation of potentially toxic ammonia, were reserved for just the right-side or left-side tubules, respectively. These findings correlated with the distinct locations of each tubule pair within the body cavity. Well known developmental genes (like dorsocross, dachshund and doublesex showed continuing, patterned expression in adult tubules, implying that somatic tissues maintain both left-right and gender identities throughout life. Gender asymmetry was also noted, both in defence and in male-specific expression of receptors for neuropeptide F and sex-peptide: NPF elevated calcium only in male tubules.Accordingly, the physical asymmetry of the tubules in the body cavity is directly adaptive. Now that the detailed machinery underlying internal asymmetry is starting to be delineated, our work invites the 20. The Impact of Childhood Bullying among HIV-Positive Men: Psychosocial Correlates and Risk Factors Science.gov (United States) Kamen, Charles; Bergstrom, Jessica; Vorasarun, Chaniga; Mardini, Mona; Patrick, Rudy; Lee, Susanne; Lazar, Rachael; Koopman, Cheryl; Gore-Felton, Cheryl 2012-01-01 Objectives While some studies have examined the deleterious effects of childhood bullying on adults, no studies to date have focused on the effects of bullying on Persons Living with HIV (PLH), a particularly at-risk population. PLH experience higher rates of childhood and adulthood physical and sexual abuse than the population at large, and experience of childhood abuse appears to be predictive of sexual and other risk behaviors in this population. Thus it remains critical to examine rates of childhood bullying and correlates of bullying in adult PLH. Methods A sample of 171 HIV-positive men over 18 years of age were recruited from the San Francisco Bay Area. All participants reported experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress. The participants were recruited as part of a larger study assessing a group intervention for individuals with HIV and symptoms of trauma. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess participants’ exposure to bullying in childhood and trauma symptoms in adulthood. Results Bullying was commonly reported by men in the current sample, with 91% of the sample endorsing having experienced some level of bullying before age 18. Having been bullied in childhood was significantly (p bullying in childhood predicted additional, unique variance in trauma symptoms in adulthood above and beyond the effect of exposure to other forms of trauma, resulting in a better-fitting model. Conclusions The current study highlights the association between rate of childhood bullying and symptoms of trauma in adulthood, accounting for the effect of exposure to other forms of trauma. Given the impact of trauma symptoms on disease progression in PLH, exposure to bullying must be considered in any intervention aiming to reduce trauma symptoms or improve mental or physical health among HIV-positive populations. PMID:23294606 1. Hemoglobin A1c Is Positively Correlated with Framingham Risk Score in Older, Apparently Healthy Nondiabetic Korean Adults Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Ji Hye Shin 2013-06-01 Full Text Available BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that elevated levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD in nondiabetic individuals. However, it is unclear whether HbA1c levels can serve as a simple screening marker for increased CVD risk in nondiabetic individuals. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c levels and CVD risk using the Framingham risk score (FRS in older, apparently healthy nondiabetic Korean adults.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 2,879 Korean adults between the ages of 40 and 79 who underwent voluntary health check-ups at the Health Promotion Center of our hospital from July 2009 to June 2011. Subjects were subdivided based on their HbA1c levels into four groups: tertiles within the HbA1c normal tolerance range and a group for subjects with an increased risk for diabetes (IRD.ResultsThe mean FRS for the upper tertile (9.6±3.8 group was significantly higher than that of the middle tertile (8.4±4.0 and lower tertile (7.6±3.8 groups. In addition, FRS was highest in the IRD group (10.5±3.7. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that HbA1c levels exhibited a significant positive correlation with FRS when adjusted for confounding variables in all subjects (β±standard error [SE], 0.018±0.002; R2, 0.131, women (β±SE, 0.023±0.003; R2, 0.170, and men (β±SE, 0.016±0.004; R2, 0.109.ConclusionHbA1c levels were positively correlated with FRS in older, apparently healthy nondiabetic Korean adults. We propose that HbA1c levels may reflect CVD risk in nondiabetic individuals. 2. Soluble sortilin is present in excess and positively correlates with progranulin in CSF of aging individuals. Science.gov (United States) Molgaard, Simon; Demontis, Ditte; Nicholson, Alexandra M; Finch, Nicole A; Petersen, Ronald C; Petersen, Claus M; Rademakers, Rosa; Nykjaer, Anders; Glerup, Simon 2016-11-01 Mutations in progranulin are a major cause of frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD). Hence, plasma progranulin is an attractive biomarker in FTLD but poorly reflects levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), suggesting tissue-specific regulation of progranulin levels. Sortilin was recently identified as a progranulin scavenger receptor that destines it for lysosomal degradation. Proteolysis or alternative splicing generates soluble sortilin variants that retain progranulin binding and potentially functions as a decoy receptor. In the present study, we analyzed soluble sortilin and progranulin in plasma and CSF in 341 aging individuals. We found that soluble sortilin exists in CSF in ten-fold molar excess compared to progranulin and observed a highly significant positive correlation between soluble sortilin and progranulin levels in CSF but not in plasma. However, carriers of the minor allele of SNP rs646776 in SORT1 encoding sortilin displayed significantly increased soluble sortilin and reduced progranulin specifically in plasma but not in CSF. Taken together, our findings suggest that soluble sortilin may affect progranulin levels in both a tissue-specific and genotype-dependent manner. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3. Correlation to predict heat transfer characteristics of a radially rotating heat pipe at vertical position Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Waowaew, N.; Terdtoon, P.; Kamonpet, P.; Klongpanich, W. [Chiang Mai University (Thailand). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Maezawa, S. [Seikei University (Japan). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering 2003-06-01 The heat transfer characteristics of a radially rotating heat pipe (RRHP) depend on a number of parameters. This paper is a study of the effects of these parameters. They are the inner diameter of the tube, aspect ratio, rotational acceleration, working fluid and the dimensionless parameters of heat transfer. RRHPs, made of copper tubes with inner diameters of 11, 26, and 50.4 mm, were used in the experiments. The aspect ratios were 5, 10, 20 and 40 respectively. The selected working fluids were water, ethanol and R123 (CHCI{sub 2}CF{sub 3}) with a filling ratio of 60% of evaporator volume. The experiments were conducted at inclination angles of 0-90{sup o} from horizontal axis and the rotational accelerations were lower, higher and equal to gravitational acceleration. The working temperature was 90{sup o}C. The evaporator section was heated by electric power while heat in the condenser section was removed naturally by air. The evaporator and adiabatic section of the RRHP were well insulated with ceramic fibers. The experimental results showed that the heat flux decreases with an increasing inner diameter, and decreases with an increasing aspect ratio. The heat flux increases with an increasing rotational acceleration and decreases with an increasing liquid density of the working fluid. A correlation to predict the heat transfer rate at vertical position can be established. Further research will investigate a visual study of internal flow pattern and the formulation of a mathematical model. (author) 4. Positive effects of neurofeedback on autism symptoms correlate with brain activation during imitation and observation. Science.gov (United States) Datko, Michael; Pineda, Jaime A; Müller, Ralph-Axel 2018-03-01 Autism has been characterized by atypical task-related brain activation and functional connections, coinciding with deficits in sociocommunicative abilities. However, evidence of the brain's experience-dependent plasticity suggests that abnormal activity patterns may be reversed with treatment. In particular, neurofeedback training (NFT), an intervention based on operant conditioning resulting in self-regulation of brain electrical oscillations, has shown increasing promise in addressing abnormalities in brain function and behavior. We examined the effects of ≥ 20 h of sensorimotor mu-rhythm-based NFT in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a matched control group of typically developing children (ages 8-17). During a functional magnetic resonance imaging imitation and observation task, the ASD group showed increased activation in regions of the human mirror neuron system following the NFT, as part of a significant interaction between group (ASD vs. controls) and training (pre- vs. post-training). These changes were positively correlated with behavioral improvements in the ASD participants, indicating that mu-rhythm NFT may be beneficial to individuals with ASD. © 2017 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 5. Basal metabolic rate is positively correlated with parental investment in laboratory mice Science.gov (United States) Sadowska, Julita; Gębczyński, Andrzej K.; Konarzewski, Marek 2013-01-01 The assimilation capacity (AC) hypothesis for the evolution of endothermy predicts that the maternal basal metabolic rate (BMR) should be positively correlated with the capacity for parental investment. In this study, we provide a unique test of the AC model based on mice from a long-term selection experiment designed to produce divergent levels of BMR. By constructing experimental families with cross-fostered litters, we were able to control for the effect of the mother as well as the type of pup based on the selected lines. We found that mothers with genetically determined high levels of BMR were characterized by higher parental investment capacity, measured as the offspring growth rate. We also found higher food consumption and heavier visceral organs in the females with high BMR. These findings suggested that the high-BMR females have higher energy acquisition abilities. When the effect of the line type of a foster mother was controlled, the pup line type significantly affected the growth rate only in the first week of life, with young from the high-BMR line type growing more rapidly. Our results support the predictions of the AC model. PMID:23282996 6. Positive carotenoid balance correlates with greater reproductive performance in a wild bird. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Rebecca J Safran Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Carotenoids can confer somatic and reproductive benefits, but most evidence is from captive animal experimentation or single time-point sampling. Another perhaps more informative means by which to assess physiological contributions to animal performance is by tracking an individual's ability to increase or sustain carotenoids or other health-related molecules over time, as these are likely to be temporally variable. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a field study of North American barn swallows (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster, we analyzed within-individual changes in carotenoid concentrations by repeatedly sampling the carotenoid profiles of individuals over the course of the breeding season. Our results demonstrate that carotenoid concentrations of individuals are temporally dynamic and that season-long balance of these molecules, rather than single time-point samples, predict reproductive performance. This was true even when controlling for two important variables associated with reproductive outcomes: (1 timing of breeding and (2 sexually selected plumage coloration, which is itself positively correlated with and concomitantly changes with circulating carotenoid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: While reproduction itself is purported to impose health stress on organisms, these data suggest that free-ranging, high-quality individuals can mitigate such costs, by one or several genetic, environmental (diet, or physiological mechanisms. Moreover, the temporal variations in both health-linked physiological measures and morphological traits we uncover here merit further examination in other species, especially when goals include the estimation of signal information content or the costs of trait expression. 7. High serum coenzyme Q10, positively correlated with age, selenium and cholesterol, in Inuit of Greenland. A pilot study DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Pedersen, H S; Mortensen, S A; Rohde, M 1999-01-01 .001) compared to a Danish population. In a linear multiple regression model the S-CoQ10 level is significantly positively associated with age and S-selenium in males, and S-total cholesterol in females. The high level of CoQ10 in Greenlanders probably reflects diet, since no bioaccumulation takes place... 8. Extracting drug mechanism and pharmacodynamic information from clinical electroencephalographic data using generalised semi-linear canonical correlation analysis International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Brain, P; Strimenopoulou, F; Ivarsson, M; Wilson, F J; Diukova, A; Wise, R G; Berry, E; Jolly, A; Hall, J E 2014-01-01 Conventional analysis of clinical resting electroencephalography (EEG) recordings typically involves assessment of spectral power in pre-defined frequency bands at specific electrodes. EEG is a potentially useful technique in drug development for measuring the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of a centrally acting compound and hence to assess the likelihood of success of a novel drug based on pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) principles. However, the need to define the electrodes and spectral bands to be analysed a priori is limiting where the nature of the drug-induced EEG effects is initially not known. We describe the extension to human EEG data of a generalised semi-linear canonical correlation analysis (GSLCCA), developed for small animal data. GSLCCA uses data from the whole spectrum, the entire recording duration and multiple electrodes. It provides interpretable information on the mechanism of drug action and a PD measure suitable for use in PK–PD modelling. Data from a study with low (analgesic) doses of the μ-opioid agonist, remifentanil, in 12 healthy subjects were analysed using conventional spectral edge analysis and GSLCCA. At this low dose, the conventional analysis was unsuccessful but plausible results consistent with previous observations were obtained using GSLCCA, confirming that GSLCCA can be successfully applied to clinical EEG data. (paper) 9. Exercise-induced prostacyclin release positively correlates with VO(2max) in young healthy men. Science.gov (United States) Zoladz, J A; Majerczak, J; Duda, K; Chłopicki, S 2009-01-01 In this study we have evaluated the effect of maximal incremental cycling exercise (IE) on the systemic release of prostacyclin (PGI(2)), assessed as plasma 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) concentration in young healthy men. Eleven physically active - untrained men (mean +/- S.D.) aged 22.7 +/- 2.1 years; body mass 76.3 +/- 9.1 kg; BMI 23.30 +/- 2.18 kg . m(-2); maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) 46.5 +/- 3.9 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1), performed an IE test until exhaustion. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), lactate, and cytokines were measured in venous blood samples taken prior to the exercise and at the exhaustion. The net exercise-induced increase in 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) concentration, expressed as the difference between the end-exercise minus pre-exercise concentration positively correlated with VO(2max) (r=0.78, p=0.004) as well as with the net VO(2) increase at exhaustion (r=0.81, p=0.003), but not with other respiratory, cardiac, metabolic or inflammatory parameters of the exercise (minute ventilation, heart rate, plasma lactate, IL-6 or TNF-alpha concentrations). The exercise-induced increase in 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) concentration?? was significantly higher (p=0.008) in a group of subjects (n=5) with the highest VO(2max) when compared to the group of subjects with the lowest VO(2max), in which no increase in 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) concentration was found. In conclusion, we demonstrated, to our knowledge for the first time, that exercise-induced release of PGI(2) in young healthy men correlates with VO(2max), suggesting that vascular capacity to release PGI(2) in response to physical exercise represents an important factor characterizing exercise tolerance. Moreover, we postulate that the impairment of exercise-induced release of PGI(2) leads to the increased cardiovascular hazard of vigorous exercise. 10. A superconducting linear motor drive for a positive displacement bellows pump for use in the g-2 cryogenics system International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Green, M.A. 1994-10-01 Forced two-phase cooling of indirectly cooled magnets requires circulation of liquid helium through the magnet cooling channel. A bellows helium pump is one possible way of providing helium flow to a magnet cooling system. Since the bellows type of helium pump is immersed in liquid helium, a superconducting linear motor drive appears to be an attractive option. This report describes a linear motor drive that employs oriented permanent magnet materials such as samarium-cobalt as the stator magnet system and a superconducting loud speaker voice coil type of drive as the armature of the linear motor. This report examines drive motor requirements for a helium pump 11. Predicting residue contacts using pragmatic correlated mutations method: reducing the false positives Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Alexov Emil G 2006-11-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background Predicting residues' contacts using primary amino acid sequence alone is an important task that can guide 3D structure modeling and can verify the quality of the predicted 3D structures. The correlated mutations (CM method serves as the most promising approach and it has been used to predict amino acids pairs that are distant in the primary sequence but form contacts in the native 3D structure of homologous proteins. Results Here we report a new implementation of the CM method with an added set of selection rules (filters. The parameters of the algorithm were optimized against fifteen high resolution crystal structures with optimization criterion that maximized the confidentiality of the predictions. The optimization resulted in a true positive ratio (TPR of 0.08 for the CM without filters and a TPR of 0.14 for the CM with filters. The protocol was further benchmarked against 65 high resolution structures that were not included in the optimization test. The benchmarking resulted in a TPR of 0.07 for the CM without filters and to a TPR of 0.09 for the CM with filters. Conclusion Thus, the inclusion of selection rules resulted to an overall improvement of 30%. In addition, the pair-wise comparison of TPR for each protein without and with filters resulted in an average improvement of 1.7. The methodology was implemented into a web server http://www.ces.clemson.edu/compbio/recon that is freely available to the public. The purpose of this implementation is to provide the 3D structure predictors with a tool that can help with ranking alternative models by satisfying the largest number of predicted contacts, as well as it can provide a confidence score for contacts in cases where structure is known. 12. Endotoxin levels correlate positively with a sedentary lifestyle and negatively with highly trained subjects. Science.gov (United States) Lira, Fabio S; Rosa, Jose C; Pimentel, Gustavo D; Souza, Hélio A; Caperuto, Erico C; Carnevali, Luiz C; Seelaender, Marília; Damaso, Ana R; Oyama, Lila M; de Mello, Marco T; Santos, Ronaldo V 2010-08-04 A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. This phenomenon is supported by recent studies suggesting a chronic, low-grade inflammation status. Endotoxin derived from gut flora may be key to the development of inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to examine plasma inflammatory markers and endotoxin levels in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and/or in highly trained subjects at rest. Fourteen male subjects (sedentary lifestyle n = 7; highly trained subjects n = 7) were recruited. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast (approximately 12 h). The plasmatic endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), ICAM/CD54, VCAM/CD106 and lipid profile levels were determined. Endotoxinemia was lower in the highly trained subject group relative to the sedentary subjects (p < 0.002). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between endotoxin and PAI-1 (r = 0.85, p < 0.0001), endotoxin and total cholesterol (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), endotoxin and LDL-c (r = 0.55; p < 0.049) and endotoxin and TG levels (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). The plasma levels of MCP-1, ICAM/CD54 and VCAM/CD106 did not differ. These results indicate that a lifestyle associated with high-intensity and high-volume exercise induces favorable changes in chronic low-grade inflammation markers and may reduce the risk for diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. 13. Plasma adiponectin levels correlate positively with an increasing number of components of frailty in male elders. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jaw-Shiun Tsai Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: Frailty is an important geriatric syndrome. Adiponectin is an important adipokine that regulates energy homeostasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between plasma adiponectin levels and frailty in elders. METHODS: The demographic data, body weight, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, including plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, c-reactive protein (CRP and adiponectin levels, were assessed. The frailty score was assessed using the Fried Frailty Index (FFI. RESULTS: The mean (SD age of the 168 participants [83 (49.4% men and 85 (50.6% women] was 76.86 (6.10 years. Judged by the FFI score, 42 (25% elders were robust, 92 (54.7% were pre-frail, and 34 (20.3% were frail. The mean body mass index was 25.19 (3.42 kg/m(2. The log-transformed mean (SD plasma adiponectin (µg/mL level was 1.00 (0.26. The log-transformed mean plasma adiponectin (µg/mL levels were 0.93 (0.23 in the robust elders, 1.00 (0.27 in the pre-frail elders, and 1.10 (0.22 in the frail elders, and the differences between these values were statistically significant (p  = 0.012. Further analysis showed that plasma adiponectin levels rose progressively with an increasing number of components of frailty in all participants as a whole (p for trend  = 0.024 and males (p for trend  = 0.037, but not in females (p for trend  = 0.223. CONCLUSION: Plasma adiponectin levels correlate positively with an increasing number of components of frailty in male elders. The difference between the sexes suggests that certain sex-specific mechanisms may exist to affect the association between adiponectin levels and frailty. 14. Determination of the length and position of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) by correlation of external measurements with combined radiographic and manometric estimations in the cat International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hashim, M.A.; Waterman, A.E. 1992-01-01 Fifty DSH cats were studied radiographically and a highly significant linear correlation was found between the length of the oesophagus measured to the diaphragmatic line on the radiographs and the externally measured distance from the lower jaw incisor teeth to the anterior border of the head of 10th rib. A subsequent manometric study utilizing this correlation in 40 cats suggests that the functional lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) is situated almost at the level of the diaphragm in the cat. Significant differences were found between the length of the LOS in cats anaesthetized with ketamine compared to alphaxalone-alphadolone or xylazine-ketamine-atropine. The mean lengths of the LOS was 1.42 +/- 0.3 cm. The findings of this study indicate that external measurements can be used to position catheters for accurate oesophageal manometry in the cat 15. Accretion of fat-free mass rather than fat mass in infancy is positively associated with linear growth in childhood DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Admassu Wossen, Bitiya; Ritz, Christian; Wells, Jonathan C K 2018-01-01 Background: We have previously shown that fat-free mass (FFM) at birth is associated with height at 2 y of age in Ethiopian children. However, to our knowledge, the relation between changes in body composition during early infancy and later linear growth has not been studied. Objective: This study...... examined the associations of early infancy fat mass (FM) and FFM accretion with linear growth from 1 to 5 y of age in Ethiopian children. Methods: In the infant Anthropometry and Body Composition (iABC) study, a prospective cohort study was carried out in children in Jimma, Ethiopia, followed from birth...... to 5 y of age. FM and FFM were measured ≤6 times from birth to 6 mo by using air-displacement plethysmography. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify associations between standardized FM and FFM accretion rates during early infancy and linear growth from 1 to 5 y of age. Standardized... 16. A position-sensitive scintillation detector for two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation using metal-package position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Inoue, Koji; Nagai, Yasuyoshi; Saito, Haruo; Nagashima, Yasuyuki; Hyodo, Toshio; Muramatsu, Shinichi; Nagai, Shota 1999-01-01 We have constructed and tested a prototype of a new position sensitive γ-ray detector which consists of an array of 2.6x2.6x18 mm 3 BGO scintillator blocks, a light guide, and four metal-package position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes (R5900-00-C8) recently developed by Hamamatsu Photonics Co. Ltd. Scalability of the detector of this type makes it possible to construct a larger detector using many PS-PMTs, which will be useful for the two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation apparatus 17. Expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR Positively Correlates with Survival of Urothelial Bladder Cancer Patients Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Wojciech Jóźwicki 2015-10-01 Full Text Available Vitamin D3 shows tumoristatic and anticancer effects by acting through the vitamin D receptor (VDR, while hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 at position 1α by CYP27B1 is an essential step in its activation. The expression of both the VDR and CYP27B1 has been found in many normal and cancer tissues, but there is a lack of information about its expression in human bladder cancers. The aim of the present research was to examine whether the expression of the VDR and CYP27B1 in bladder cancer was related to the prognostic markers and disease outcome. We analyzed VDR and CYP27B1 in samples of tumor and normal tissues obtained from 71 urinary bladder cancer patients. The highest VDR immunostaining was found in normal epithelium and was significantly lower in bladder cancer cells (p < 0.001 with Mann–Whitney U test. VDR expression was lowest in more advanced (pT2b–pT4 (p = 0.005 with Mann–Whitney U test and metastasizing cancers (p < 0.05 and p = 0.004 with Mann–Whitney U test for nuclear and cytoplasmic VDR immunostaining, respectively. The lack of cytoplasmic and nuclear VDR was also related to shorter overall survival (for cytoplasmic VDR immunolocalization 13.3 vs. 55.3 months of survival, HR = 1.92, p = 0.04 and for nuclear VDR immunostaining 13.5 vs. 55.3 months of survival, HR = 2.47, p = 0.002 with Mantel-Cox test. In cases with the lack of high cytoplasmic VDR staining the non-classic differentiations (NDs was observed in higher percentage of tumor area. CYP27B1 expression was lower in cancer cells than in normal epithelial cells (p = 0.03 with Mann–Whitney U test, but its expression did not correlate with tumor stage (pT, metastasizing, grade, mitotic activity or overall survival. In conclusion, expression of the VDR and CYP27B1 are deregulated in urothelial bladder cancers. Although our results showing a relationship between the decreased VDR expression and prognostic markers and survival time indicate potential usefulness of 18. Existence of 2m-1 Positive Solutions for Sturm-Liouville Boundary Value Problems with Linear Functional Boundary Conditions on the Half-Line Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Yanmei Sun 2012-01-01 Full Text Available By using the Leggett-Williams fixed theorem, we establish the existence of multiple positive solutions for second-order nonhomogeneous Sturm-Liouville boundary value problems with linear functional boundary conditions. One explicit example with singularity is presented to demonstrate the application of our main results. 19. Correlation of cancer incidence with diet, smoking and socio- economic position across 22 districts of Tehran in 2008. Science.gov (United States) Rohani-Rasaf, Marzieh; Abdollahi, Morteza; Jazayeri, Shima; Kalantari, Naser; Asadi-Lari, Mohsen 2013-01-01 Variation in cancer incidence in geographical locations is due to different lifestyles and risk factors. Diet and socio-economic position (SEP) have been identified as important for the etiology of cancer but patterns are changing and inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the incidence of common cancers with food groups, total energy, smoking, and SEP. In an ecological study, disaggregated cancer data through the National Cancer Registry in Iran (2008) and dietary intake, smoking habits and SEP obtained through a population based survey within the Urban Health Equity Assessment (Urban-HEART) project were correlated across 22 districts of Tehran. Consumption of fruit, meat and dairy products adjusted for energy were positively correlated with bladder, colorectal, prostate and breast and total cancers in men and women, while these cancers were adversely correlated with bread and fat intake. Also prostate, breast, colorectal, bladder and ovarian cancers had a positive correlation with SEP; there was no correlation between SEP and skin cancer in both genders and stomach cancer in men. The incidence of cancer was higher in some regions of Tehran which appeared to be mainly determined by SEP rather than dietary intake. Further individual data are required to investigate reasons of cancer clustering. 20. Automatic control system of a linear actuator for positioning samples to neutron irradiation using low cost open-hardware boards International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Cunya, Eduardo; Chan, Renzo; Pacheco, Adison 2015-01-01 This paper describes the design criteria and implementation of an automatic control system based on embedded electronic circuits (microcontrollers) of different architectures (RISC, ARM) and open source framework software CanFestival, to develop user applications. Electronic devices are autonomous and support the functionality required for communication and remote control of the linear actuator. (author) 1. Modulation of Quorum Sensing in a Gram Positive Pathogen by Linear Imprinted Copolymers with anti-Infective Properties NARCIS (Netherlands) Motib, Anfal; Guerreiro, Antonio; Al-Bayati, Firas; Piletska, Elena; Manzoor, Irfan; Shafeeq, Sulman; Kadam, Anagha; Kuipers, Oscar; Hiller, Luisa; Cowen, Todd; Piletsky, Sergey; Andrew, Peter; Yesilkaya, Hasan 2017-01-01 Here we describe the development, characterization and biological testing of a new type of linear molecularly imprinted polymer (LMIP) designed to act as anti-infective by blocking the quorum sensing (QS) mechanism and so preventing virulence of the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. The LMIP is 2. Positive detection of exfoliated colon cancer cells on linear stapler cartridges was associated with depth of tumor invasion and preoperative bowel preparation in colon cancer. Science.gov (United States) Ikehara, Kishiko; Endo, Shungo; Kumamoto, Kensuke; Hidaka, Eiji; Ishida, Fumio; Tanaka, Jun-Ichi; Kudo, Shin-Ei 2016-08-31 The aim of this study was to investigate exfoliated cancer cells (ECCs) on linear stapler cartridges used for anastomotic sites in colon cancer. We prospectively analyzed ECCs on linear stapler cartridges used for anastomosis in 100 colon cancer patients who underwent colectomy. Having completed the functional end-to-end anastomosis, the linear stapler cartridges were irrigated with saline, which was collected for cytological examination and cytological diagnoses were made by board-certified pathologists based on Papanicolaou staining. The detection rate of ECCs on the linear stapler cartridges was 20 %. Positive detection of ECCs was significantly associated with depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.012) and preoperative bowel preparation (p = 0.003). There were no marked differences between ECC-positive and ECC-negative groups in terms of the operation methods, tumor location, histopathological classification, and surgical margins. Since ECCs were identified on the cartridge of the linear stapler used for anastomosis, preoperative mechanical bowel preparation using polyethylene glycol solution and cleansing at anastomotic sites using tumoricidal agents before anastomosis may be necessary to decrease ECCs in advanced colon cancer. 3. Optimal design of a double-sided linear motor with a multi-segmented trapezoidal magnet array for a high precision positioning system International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lee, Moon G.; Gweon, Dae-Gab 2004-01-01 A comparative analysis is performed for linear motors adopting conventional and multi-segmented trapezoidal (MST) magnet arrays, respectively, for a high-precision positioning system. The proposed MST magnet array is a modified version of a Halbach magnet array. The MST array has trapezoidal magnets with variable shape and dimensions while the Halbach magnet array generally has a rectangular magnet with identical dimensions. We propose a new model that can describe the magnetic field resulting from the complex-shaped magnets. The model can be applied to both MST and conventional magnet arrays. Using the model, a design optimization of the two types of linear motors is performed and compared. The magnet array with trapezoidal magnets can produce more force than one with rectangular magnets when they are arrayed in a linear motor where there is a yoke with high permeability. After the optimization and comparison, we conclude that the linear motor with the MST magnet array can generate more actuating force per volume than the motor with the conventional array. In order to satisfy the requirements of next generation systems such as high resolution, high speed, and long stroke, the use of a linear motor with a MST array as an actuator in a high precision positioning system is recommended from the results obtained here 4. A method for simultaneous linear optics and coupling correction for storage rings with turn-by-turn beam position monitor data Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Yang, Xi [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, NY 11973 (United States); Huang, Xiaobiao, E-mail: xiahuang@slac.stanford.edu [SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (United States) 2016-08-21 We propose a method to simultaneously correct linear optics errors and linear coupling for storage rings using turn-by-turn (TbT) beam position monitor (BPM) data. The independent component analysis (ICA) method is used to isolate the betatron normal modes from the measured TbT BPM data. The betatron amplitudes and phase advances of the projections of the normal modes on the horizontal and vertical planes are then extracted, which, combined with dispersion measurement, are used to fit the lattice model. The fitting results are used for lattice correction. The method has been successfully demonstrated on the NSLS-II storage ring. 5. A method for simultaneous linear optics and coupling correction for storage rings with turn-by-turn beam position monitor data Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Yang, Xi [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Huang, Xiaobiao [SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States) 2016-08-01 We propose a method to simultaneously correct linear optics errors and linear coupling for storage rings using turn-by-turn (TbT) beam position monitor (BPM) data. The independent component analysis (ICA) method is used to isolate the betatron normal modes from the measured TbT BPM data. The betatron amplitudes and phase advances of the projections of the normal modes on the horizontal and vertical planes are then extracted, which, combined with dispersion measurement, are used to fit the lattice model. Furthermore, the fitting results are used for lattice correction. Our method has been successfully demonstrated on the NSLS-II storage ring. 6. Studies on correlation of positive surgical margin with clinicopathological factors and prognoses in breast conserving surgery International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Nishimura, Reiki; Nagao, Kazuharu; Miyayama, Haruhiko 1999-01-01 Out of 484 cases with breast conserving surgery between April 1989 and March 1999, surgical procedures of 34 cases were changed to total mastectomy due to positive surgical margins. In this study we evaluated a clinical significance of surgical margin in relation to clinicopathological factors and prognoses. Ninety-nine cases (20.5%) had positive margins that were judged when cancer cells existed within 5 mm from margin. In multivariate analysis of factors for surgical margin, EIC-comedo status, ly, located site, proliferative activity, and age were significant and independent factors. Regarding local recurrence, positive margin, age, ER and proliferative activity were significant factors in multivariate analysis, especially in cases not receiving postoperative radiation therapy. Radiation therapy may be beneficial for patients with positive surgical margin. And patients with breast recurrence alone had significantly higher survival rates. Therefore, it is suggested that surgical margin may not reflect survival, although it is a significant factor for local recurrence. (author) 7. Studies on correlation of positive surgical margin with clinicopathological factors and prognoses in breast conserving surgery Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Nishimura, Reiki; Nagao, Kazuharu; Miyayama, Haruhiko [Kumamoto City Hospital (Japan) 1999-09-01 Out of 484 cases with breast conserving surgery between April 1989 and March 1999, surgical procedures of 34 cases were changed to total mastectomy due to positive surgical margins. In this study we evaluated a clinical significance of surgical margin in relation to clinicopathological factors and prognoses. Ninety-nine cases (20.5%) had positive margins that were judged when cancer cells existed within 5 mm from margin. In multivariate analysis of factors for surgical margin, EIC-comedo status, ly, located site, proliferative activity, and age were significant and independent factors. Regarding local recurrence, positive margin, age, ER and proliferative activity were significant factors in multivariate analysis, especially in cases not receiving postoperative radiation therapy. Radiation therapy may be beneficial for patients with positive surgical margin. And patients with breast recurrence alone had significantly higher survival rates. Therefore, it is suggested that surgical margin may not reflect survival, although it is a significant factor for local recurrence. (author) 8. The Correlation of Initial Sputum Smear Positivity on Treatment Failure of Category 1 Therapy for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Puput Dyah Ayu 2016-11-01 Full Text Available Tuberculosis is an infectious disease and is an important public health problem. Based on data from East Java Province Health Department reported that number of tuberculosis patient in Surabaya is the highest in East Java on year 2014. Early identification and good treatment based on the result of sputum identification are the strategy use to control tuberculosis widespread. So that why, microscopic observation to identify acid fast bacilli (AFB is the fundamental stage to determine recovery treatment. Initial sputum smear positivity is necessary to determine infectious graded. The objectives of the study were to identify of initial sputum smear positivity on treatment failure of category 1 therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in RS Paru Surabaya year 2011-2014. This study used case control method with quantitative approach. Forty two samples were taken from secondary data. Case group is 21 samples who have treatment failure and control group is 21 successful treatment. Samples were selected by simple random sampling. The chi square correlation showed that highly positive initial smear (p = 0,045; OR = 5,4 have correlated and risk factor to treatment failure on category 1 therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. The conclusion is patient’s high positive sputum smear initially correlated to treatment failure on category 1 therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in RS Paru Surabaya year 2011–2014. Keywords: initial sputum smear positivity, treatment failure,, category 1 therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis 9. Positive schizotypy scores correlate with left visual field interference for negatively valenced emotional words: A lateralized emotional Stroop study. Science.gov (United States) Van Strien, Jan W; Van Kampen, Dirk 2009-10-30 Fourteen men scoring high and 14 men scoring low on a positive schizotypy scale participated in a lateralized emotional Stroop task. Vocal reaction times for color naming of neutral, positive and negative emotional words were recorded. Across participants, the color naming of neutral and emotional words was slightly faster to right than to left visual field presentations. In men with high scores on positive schizotypy, the presentation of negative words to the left visual field (right hemisphere) resulted in significant affective interference with color naming, which was significantly larger than in men with low scores. Correlational analysis also showed that positive schizotypy was significantly associated with emotional interference in response to LVF negative words. The outcome is discussed in terms of right hemispheric engagement in negative emotions in high positive schizotypic men. 10. Linear gate International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Suwono. 1978-01-01 A linear gate providing a variable gate duration from 0,40μsec to 4μsec was developed. The electronic circuity consists of a linear circuit and an enable circuit. The input signal can be either unipolar or bipolar. If the input signal is bipolar, the negative portion will be filtered. The operation of the linear gate is controlled by the application of a positive enable pulse. (author) 11. Egg incubation effects generate positive correlations between size, speed and learning ability in young lizards. Science.gov (United States) Amiel, Joshua Johnstone; Lindström, Tom; Shine, Richard 2014-03-01 Previous studies have suggested that body size and locomotor performance are targets of Darwinian selection in reptiles. However, much of the variation in these traits may derive from phenotypically plastic responses to incubation temperature, rather than from underlying genetic variation. Intriguingly, incubation temperature may also influence cognitive traits such as learning ability. Therefore, we might expect correlations between a reptile's size, locomotor speed and learning ability either due to selection on all of these traits or due to environmental effects during egg incubation. In the present study, we incubated lizard eggs (Scincidae: Bassiana duperreyi) under 'hot' and 'cold' thermal regimes and then assessed differences in hatchling body size, running speed and learning ability. We measured learning ability using a Y-maze and a food reward. We found high correlations between size, speed and learning ability, using two different metrics to quantify learning (time to solution, and directness of route), and showed that environmental effects (incubation temperature) cause these correlations. If widespread, such correlations challenge any simple interpretation of fitness advantages due to body size or speed within a population; for example, survivors may be larger and faster than nonsurvivors because of differences in learning ability, not because of their size or speed. 12. Positive correlation of serum leptin with estradiol levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Mendonça H.C. 2004-01-01 Full Text Available Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS usually are obese, insulin resistant and hyperinsulinemic. The known association between leptin, obesity andinsulin action suggests that leptin may have a role in PCOS but this has only been addressed peripherally. This study was designed to assess the relationship between serum leptin and the anthropometric, metabolic and endocrine variables of obese (body mass index, BMI ³30 kg/m² and non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m² PCOS patients. Twenty-eight PCOS patients and 24 control women subdivided into obese and non-obese groups were evaluated. Leptin, androgens, lipids, gonadotrophins and insulin-glucose response to the oral glucose tolerance test were measured by radioimmunoassay in all participants. The assays were done all in one time. The areas under the insulin curve (AUC-I and the glycemia curve were calculated to identify patients with insulin resistance. Mean leptin levels were not significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared to the control group (21.2 ± 10.2 vs 27.3 ± 12.4 ng/ml. Leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in the obese subgroups both in patients with PCOS (26.9 ± 9.3 vs 14.1 ± 7.0 ng/ml and in the control group (37.3 ± 15.5 vs 12.9 ± 5.8 ng/ml. The leptin of the PCOS group was correlated with BMI (r = 0.74; P < 0.0001 and estradiol (r = 0.48; P < 0.008 and tended to be correlated with the AUC-I (r = 0.36; P = 0.05. Of the parameters which showed a correlation with leptin in PCOS, only estradiol and probably insulinemia (AUC-I did not show a significant correlation with BMI, suggesting that the other parameters were correlated with leptin due to their correlation with BMI. Estradiol correlated with leptin in PCOS patients regardless of their weight. 13. The reliability of linear position transducer, force plate and combined measurement of explosive power-time variables during a loaded jump squat in elite athletes. Science.gov (United States) Hansen, Keir T; Cronin, John B; Newton, Michael J 2011-03-01 The purpose of this study was to determine the between day reliability of power-time measures calculated with data collected using the linear position transducer or the force plate independently, or a combination of the two technologies. Twenty-five male rugby union players performed three jump squats on two occasions one week apart. Ground reaction forces were measured via a force plate and position data were collected using a linear position transducer. From these data, a number of power-time variables were calculated for each method. The force plate, linear position transducer and a combined method were all found to be a reliable means of measuring peak power (ICC = 0.87-0.95, CV = 3.4%-8.0%). The absolute consistency of power-time measures varied between methods (CV = 8.0%-53.4%). Relative consistency of power-time measures was generally comparable between methods and measures, and for many variables was at an acceptable level (ICC = 0.77-0.94). Although a number of time-dependent power variables can be reliably calculated from data acquired from the three methods investigated, the reliability of a number of these measures is below that which is acceptable for use in research and for practical applications. 14. Neural correlates of an early attentional capture by positive distractor words. Science.gov (United States) Hinojosa, José A; Mercado, Francisco; Albert, Jacobo; Barjola, Paloma; Peláez, Irene; Villalba-García, Cristina; Carretié, Luis 2015-01-01 Exogenous or automatic attention to emotional distractors has been observed for emotional scenes and faces. In the language domain, however, automatic attention capture by emotional words has been scarcely investigated. In the current event-related potentials study we explored distractor effects elicited by positive, negative and neutral words in a concurrent but distinct target distractor paradigm. Specifically, participants performed a digit categorization task in which task-irrelevant words were flanked by numbers. The results of both temporo-spatial principal component and source location analyses revealed the existence of early distractor effects that were specifically triggered by positive words. At the scalp level, task-irrelevant positive compared to neutral and negative words elicited larger amplitudes in an anterior negative component that peaked around 120 ms. Also, at the voxel level, positive distractor words increased activity in orbitofrontal regions compared to negative words. These results suggest that positive distractor words quickly and automatically capture attentional resources diverting them from the task where attention was voluntarily directed. 15. Neural correlates of an early attentional capture by positive distractor words Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) José Antonio Hinojosa 2015-01-01 Full Text Available Exogenous or automatic attention to emotional distractors has been observed for emotional scenes and faces. In the language domain, however, automatic attention capture by emotional words has been scarcely investigated. In the current event-related potentials study we explored distractor effects elicited by positive, negative and neutral words in a concurrent but distinct target distractor paradigm. Specifically, participants performed a digit categorization task in which task-irrelevant words were flanked by numbers. The results of both temporo-spatial principal component and source location analyses revealed the existence of early distractor effects that were specifically triggered by positive words. At the scalp level, task-irrelevant positive compared to neutral and negative words elicited larger amplitudes in an anterior negative component that peaked around 120 ms. Also, at the voxel level, positive distractor words increased activity in orbitofrontal regions compared to negative words. These results suggest that positive distractor words quickly and automatically capture attentional resources diverting them from the task where attention was voluntarily directed. 16. Correlating non-linear properties with spectral states of RXTE data: possible observational evidences for four different accretion modes around compact objects Science.gov (United States) 2018-05-01 By analysing the time series of RXTE/PCA data, the non-linear variabilities of compact sources have been repeatedly established. Depending on the variation in temporal classes, compact sources exhibit different non-linear features. Sometimes they show low correlation/fractal dimension, but in other classes or intervals of time they exhibit stochastic nature. This could be because the accretion flow around a compact object is a non-linear general relativistic system involving magnetohydrodynamics. However, the more conventional way of addressing a compact source is the analysis of its spectral state. Therefore, the question arises: What is the connection of non-linearity to the underlying spectral properties of the flow when the non-linear properties are related to the associated transport mechanisms describing the geometry of the flow? This work is aimed at addressing this question. Based on the connection between observed spectral and non-linear (time series) properties of two X-ray binaries: GRS 1915+105 and Sco X-1, we attempt to diagnose the underlying accretion modes of the sources in terms of known accretion classes, namely, Keplerian disc, slim disc, advection dominated accretion flow and general advective accretion flow. We explore the possible transition of the sources from one accretion mode to others with time. We further argue that the accretion rate must play an important role in transition between these modes. 17. Neural correlates of preparatory and regulatory control over positive and negative emotion. Science.gov (United States) Seo, Dongju; Olman, Cheryl A; Haut, Kristen M; Sinha, Rajita; MacDonald, Angus W; Patrick, Christopher J 2014-04-01 This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activation during preparatory and regulatory control while participants (N = 24) were instructed either to simply view or decrease their emotional response to, pleasant, neutral or unpleasant pictures. A main effect of emotional valence on brain activity was found in the right precentral gyrus, with greater activation during positive than negative emotion regulation. A main effect of regulation phase was evident in the bilateral anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC), precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, right putamen and temporal and occipital lobes, with greater activity in these regions during preparatory than regulatory control. A valence X regulation interaction was evident in regions of ventromedial PFC and anterior cingulate cortex, reflecting greater activation while regulating negative than positive emotion, but only during active emotion regulation (not preparation). Conjunction analyses revealed common brain regions involved in differing types of emotion regulation including selected areas of left lateral PFC, inferior parietal lobe, temporal lobe, right cerebellum and bilateral dorsomedial PFC. The right lateral PFC was additionally activated during the modulation of both positive and negative valence. Findings demonstrate significant modulation of brain activity during both preparation for, and active regulation of positive and negative emotional states. 18. Preferences in Sleep Position Correlate With Nighttime Paresthesias in Healthy People Without Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Science.gov (United States) Roth Bettlach, Carrie L; Hasak, Jessica M; Krauss, Emily M; Yu, Jenny L; Skolnick, Gary B; Bodway, Greta N; Kahn, Lorna C; Mackinnon, Susan E 2017-10-01 Carpal tunnel syndrome has been associated with sleep position preferences. The aim of this study is to assess self-reported nocturnal paresthesias and sleeping position in participants with and without carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis to further clinical knowledge for preventive and therapeutic interventions. A cross-sectional survey study of 396 participants was performed in young adults, healthy volunteers, and a patient population. Participants were surveyed on risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome, nocturnal paresthesias, and sleep preferences. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed comparing participants with rare and frequent nocturnal paresthesias. Subanalyses for participants without carpal tunnel syndrome under and over 21 years of age were performed on all factors significantly associated with subclinical compression neuropathy in the overall population. Thirty-three percent of the study population experienced nocturnal paresthesias at least weekly. Increased body mass index ( P < .001) and sleeping with the wrist flexed ( P = .030) were associated with a higher frequency of nocturnal paresthesias. Side sleeping was associated with less frequent nocturnal symptoms ( P = .003). In participants without carpal tunnel syndrome, subgroup analysis illustrated a relationship between nocturnal paresthesias and wrist position. In participants with carpal tunnel syndrome, sleeping on the side had a significantly reduced frequency of nocturnal paresthesias. This study illustrates nocturnal paresthesias in people without history of carpal tunnel syndrome including people younger than previously reported. In healthy patients with upper extremity subclinical compression neuropathy, sleep position modification may be a useful intervention to reduce the frequency of nocturnal symptoms prior to developing carpal tunnel syndrome. 19. Associations between socioeconomic position and correlates of sedentary behaviour among youth: a systematic review NARCIS (Netherlands) Gebremariam, M. K.; Altenburg, T. M.; Lakerveld, J.; Andersen, L. F.; Stronks, K.; Chinapaw, M. J.; Lien, N. 2015-01-01 Existing research evidence indicates that children and adolescents of parents with a low socioeconomic position spend more time on sedentary behaviour than their counterparts. However, the mechanisms driving these differences remain poorly understood. The main aim of this systematic review was to 20. Detecting positive quadrant dependence and positive function dependence NARCIS (Netherlands) Janic-Wróblewska, A.; Kallenberg, W.C.M.; Ledwina, T. 2004-01-01 There is a lot of interest in positive dependence going beyond linear correlation. In this paper three new rank tests for testing independence against positive dependence are introduced. The first one is directed on positive quadrant dependence, the second and third one concentrate on positive 1. Detecting positive quadrant dependence and positive function dependence NARCIS (Netherlands) Janic-Wróblewska, A.; Kallenberg, W.C.M.; Ledwina, T. 2003-01-01 There is a lot of interest in positive dependence going beyond linear correlation. In this paper three new rank tests for testing independence against positive dependence are introduced. The first one is directed on positive quadrant dependence, the second and third one concentrate on positive 2. Correlative microscopy of radial junction nanowire solar cells using nanoindent position markers Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Fejfar, Antonín; Hývl, Matěj; Vetushka, Aliaksi; Pikna, Peter; Hájková, Zdeňka; Ledinský, Martin; Kočka, Jan; Klapetek, P.; Marek, A.; Mašková, A.; Vyskočil, J.; Merkel, J.; Becker, Ch.; Itoh, T.; Misra, S.; Foldyna, M.; Yu, L.; Roca i Cabarrocas, P. 2015-01-01 Roč. 135, SI (2015), s. 106-112 ISSN 0927-0248 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 7E10061; GA MŠk(CZ) LM2011026; GA ČR GA13-12386S EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 240826 - PolySiMode Grant - others:AVČR(CZ) M100101216; AVČR(CZ) M100101217 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : radial junction solar cells * silicon nanowires * thin films * structural disorder * conductive AFM * nanoindentation * correlative microscopy Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 4.732, year: 2015 3. Neural correlates of an early attentional capture by positive distractor words OpenAIRE Hinojosa, Jos? A.; Mercado, Francisco; Albert, Jacobo; Barjola, Paloma; Pel?ez, Irene; Villalba-Garc?a, Cristina; Carreti?, Luis 2015-01-01 Exogenous or automatic attention to emotional distractors has been observed for emotional scenes and faces. In the language domain, however, automatic attention capture by emotional words has been scarcely investigated. In the current event-related potentials study we explored distractor effects elicited by positive, negative and neutral words in a concurrent but distinct target distractor paradigm. Specifically, participants performed a digit categorization task in which task-irrelevant words... 4. Neural correlates of an early attentional capture by positive distractor words OpenAIRE José Antonio Hinojosa; Francisco eMercado; Jacobo eAlbert; Jacobo eAlbert; Paloma eBarjola; Irene ePeláez; Cristina eVillalba-García; Luis eCarretié 2015-01-01 Exogenous or automatic attention to emotional distractors has been observed for emotional scenes and faces. In the language domain, however, automatic attention capture by emotional words has been scarcely investigated. In the current event-related potentials study we explored distractor effects elicited by positive, negative and neutral words in a concurrent but distinct target distractor paradigm. Specifically, participants performed a digit categorization task in which task-irrelevant wor... 5. Psilocybin-Induced Decrease in Amygdala Reactivity Correlates with Enhanced Positive Mood in Healthy Volunteers. Science.gov (United States) Kraehenmann, Rainer; Preller, Katrin H; Scheidegger, Milan; Pokorny, Thomas; Bosch, Oliver G; Seifritz, Erich; Vollenweider, Franz X 2015-10-15 6. HbA1c Measured in Stored Erythrocytes Is Positively Linearly Associated with Mortality in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus Science.gov (United States) Sluik, Diewertje; Boeing, Heiner; Montonen, Jukka; Kaaks, Rudolf; Lukanova, Annekatrin; Sandbaek, Annelli; Overvad, Kim; Arriola, Larraitz; Ardanaz, Eva; Saieva, Calogero; Grioni, Sara; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Mattiello, Amalia; Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W.; van der A, Daphne L.; Beulens, Joline W. J.; van Dieren, Susan; Nilsson, Peter M.; Groop, Leif C.; Franks, Paul W.; Rolandsson, Olov; Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas; Nöthlings, Ute 2012-01-01 Introduction Observational studies have shown that glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is related to mortality, but the shape of the association is less clear. Furthermore, disease duration and medication may modify this association. This observational study explored the association between HbA1c measured in stored erythrocytes and mortality. Secondly, it was assessed whether disease duration and medication use influenced the estimates or were independently associated with mortality. Methods Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition a cohort was analysed of 4,345 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes at enrolment. HbA1c was measured in blood samples stored up to 19 years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models for all-cause mortality investigated HbA1c in quartiles as well as per 1% increment, diabetes medication in seven categories of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents, and disease duration in quartiles. Results After a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 460 participants died. Higher HbA1c was associated with higher mortality: Hazard Ratio for 1%-increase was 1.11 (95% CI 1.06, 1.17). This association was linear (P-nonlinearity =0.15) and persistent across categories of medication use, disease duration, and co-morbidities. Compared with metformin, other medication types were not associated with mortality. Longer disease duration was associated with mortality, but not after adjustment for HbA1c and medication. Conclusion This prospective study showed that persons with lower HbA1c had better survival than those with higher HbA1c. The association was linear and independent of disease duration, type of medication use, and presence of co-morbidities. Any improvement of HbA1c appears to be associated with reduced mortality risk. PMID:22719972 7. Sonography of the chest using linear-array versus sector transducers: Correlation with auscultation, chest radiography, and computed tomography. Science.gov (United States) Tasci, Ozlem; Hatipoglu, Osman Nuri; Cagli, Bekir; Ermis, Veli 2016-07-08 The primary purpose of our study was to compare the efficacies of two sonographic (US) probes, a high-frequency linear-array probe and a lower-frequency phased-array sector probe in the diagnosis of basic thoracic pathologies. The secondary purpose was to compare the diagnostic performance of thoracic US with auscultation and chest radiography (CXR) using thoracic CT as a gold standard. In total, 55 consecutive patients scheduled for thoracic CT were enrolled in this prospective study. Four pathologic entities were evaluated: pneumothorax, pleural effusion, consolidation, and interstitial syndrome. A portable US scanner was used with a 5-10-MHz linear-array probe and a 1-5-MHz phased-array sector probe. The first probe used was chosen randomly. US, CXR, and auscultation results were compared with the CT results. The linear-array probe had the highest performance in the identification of pneumothorax (83% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 99% diagnostic accuracy) and pleural effusion (100% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and 98% diagnostic accuracy); the sector probe had the highest performance in the identification of consolidation (89% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 95% diagnostic accuracy) and interstitial syndrome (94% sensitivity, 93% specificity, and 94% diagnostic accuracy). For all pathologies, the performance of US was superior to those of CXR and auscultation. The linear probe is superior to the sector probe for identifying pleural pathologies, whereas the sector probe is superior to the linear probe for identifying parenchymal pathologies. Thoracic US has better diagnostic performance than CXR and auscultation for the diagnosis of common pathologic conditions of the chest. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:383-389, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 8. A note on the correlation between circular and linear variables with an application to wind direction and air temperature data in a Mediterranean climate Science.gov (United States) Lototzis, M.; Papadopoulos, G. K.; Droulia, F.; Tseliou, A.; Tsiros, I. X. 2018-04-01 There are several cases where a circular variable is associated with a linear one. A typical example is wind direction that is often associated with linear quantities such as air temperature and air humidity. The analysis of a statistical relationship of this kind can be tested by the use of parametric and non-parametric methods, each of which has its own advantages and drawbacks. This work deals with correlation analysis using both the parametric and the non-parametric procedure on a small set of meteorological data of air temperature and wind direction during a summer period in a Mediterranean climate. Correlations were examined between hourly, daily and maximum-prevailing values, under typical and non-typical meteorological conditions. Both tests indicated a strong correlation between mean hourly wind directions and mean hourly air temperature, whereas mean daily wind direction and mean daily air temperature do not seem to be correlated. In some cases, however, the two procedures were found to give quite dissimilar levels of significance on the rejection or not of the null hypothesis of no correlation. The simple statistical analysis presented in this study, appropriately extended in large sets of meteorological data, may be a useful tool for estimating effects of wind on local climate studies. 9. Generalized correlation dimension - a way to analyze short time changes in non-linear dynamics of thermal plasma Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Gruber, Jan 2011-01-01 Roč. 56, č. 2 (2011), s. 185-205 ISSN 0001-7043 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20570509 Keywords : correlation dimension * time-embeddings * chaos Subject RIV: BL - Plasma and Gas Discharge Physics 10. Design and Parametric Study of the Magnetic Sensor for Position Detection in Linear Motor Based on Nonlinear Parametric model order reduction. Science.gov (United States) Paul, Sarbajit; Chang, Junghwan 2017-07-01 This paper presents a design approach for a magnetic sensor module to detect mover position using the proper orthogonal decomposition-dynamic mode decomposition (POD-DMD)-based nonlinear parametric model order reduction (PMOR). The parameterization of the sensor module is achieved by using the multipolar moment matching method. Several geometric variables of the sensor module are considered while developing the parametric study. The operation of the sensor module is based on the principle of the airgap flux density distribution detection by the Hall Effect IC. Therefore, the design objective is to achieve a peak flux density (PFD) greater than 0.1 T and total harmonic distortion (THD) less than 3%. To fulfill the constraint conditions, the specifications for the sensor module is achieved by using POD-DMD based reduced model. The POD-DMD based reduced model provides a platform to analyze the high number of design models very fast, with less computational burden. Finally, with the final specifications, the experimental prototype is designed and tested. Two different modes, 90° and 120° modes respectively are used to obtain the position information of the linear motor mover. The position information thus obtained are compared with that of the linear scale data, used as a reference signal. The position information obtained using the 120° mode has a standard deviation of 0.10 mm from the reference linear scale signal, whereas the 90° mode position signal shows a deviation of 0.23 mm from the reference. The deviation in the output arises due to the mechanical tolerances introduced into the specification during the manufacturing process. This provides a scope for coupling the reliability based design optimization in the design process as a future extension. 11. Characterization and linear array LA48 Commissioner for measuring the position of the multi leaf collimator; Caracterizacion y comisionado del linear array LA48 para medir el posicionamiento del colimador multilaminas Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Conles Picos, I.; Cenizo de Castro, E.; Aparicio martin, A. R.; Barrio Lazo, F.; Cesteros Morante, M. J. 2011-07-01 The protocol of Quality Control of electron accelerators for medical use of SEFM proposed for multi leaf collimation system (MLC) to verify the positioning of the blades connect. To do this you must find a system with sufficient accuracy and precision and, if possible, easy to assemble and offers real-time results. One of these teams is the Linear Array of PTW-Freiburg (LA48), which consists of a row of 47 ionization chambers, of 0008 cc and 8 mm apart from each other. In this paper, we describe our process of characterization and LA48 commissioner. (Author) 12. Linear and curvilinear correlations of brain gray matter volume and density with age using voxel-based morphometry with the Akaike information criterion in 291 healthy children. Science.gov (United States) Taki, Yasuyuki; Hashizume, Hiroshi; Thyreau, Benjamin; Sassa, Yuko; Takeuchi, Hikaru; Wu, Kai; Kotozaki, Yuka; Nouchi, Rui; Asano, Michiko; Asano, Kohei; Fukuda, Hiroshi; Kawashima, Ryuta 2013-08-01 We examined linear and curvilinear correlations of gray matter volume and density in cortical and subcortical gray matter with age using magnetic resonance images (MRI) in a large number of healthy children. We applied voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region-of-interest (ROI) analyses with the Akaike information criterion (AIC), which was used to determine the best-fit model by selecting which predictor terms should be included. We collected data on brain structural MRI in 291 healthy children aged 5-18 years. Structural MRI data were segmented and normalized using a custom template by applying the diffeomorphic anatomical registration using exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL) procedure. Next, we analyzed the correlations of gray matter volume and density with age in VBM with AIC by estimating linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomial functions. Several regions such as the prefrontal cortex, the precentral gyrus, and cerebellum showed significant linear or curvilinear correlations between gray matter volume and age on an increasing trajectory, and between gray matter density and age on a decreasing trajectory in VBM and ROI analyses with AIC. Because the trajectory of gray matter volume and density with age suggests the progress of brain maturation, our results may contribute to clarifying brain maturation in healthy children from the viewpoint of brain structure. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 13. ERP correlates of letter identity and letter position are modulated by lexical frequency Science.gov (United States) Vergara-Martínez, Marta; Perea, Manuel; Gómez, Pablo; Swaab, Tamara Y. 2013-01-01 The encoding of letter position is a key aspect in all recently proposed models of visual-word recognition. We analyzed the impact of lexical frequency on letter position assignment by examining the temporal dynamics of lexical activation induced by pseudowords extracted from words of different frequencies. For each word (e.g., BRIDGE), we created two pseudowords: A transposed-letter (TL: BRIGDE) and a replaced-letter pseudoword (RL: BRITGE). ERPs were recorded while participants read words and pseudowords in two tasks: Semantic categorization (Experiment 1) and lexical decision (Experiment 2). For high-frequency stimuli, similar ERPs were obtained for words and TL-pseudowords, but the N400 component to words was reduced relative to RL-pseudowords, indicating less lexical/semantic activation. In contrast, TL- and RL-pseudowords created from low-frequency stimuli elicited similar ERPs. Behavioral responses in the lexical decision task paralleled this asymmetry. The present findings impose constraints on computational and neural models of visual-word recognition. PMID:23454070 14. Prospective Assessment of Optimal Individual Position (Prone Versus Supine) for Breast Radiotherapy: Volumetric and Dosimetric Correlations in 100 Patients International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Lymberis, Stella C.; Wyngaert, John Keith de; Parhar, Preeti; Chhabra, Arpit M.; Fenton-Kerimian, Maria; Chang Jengwha; Hochman, Tsivia; Guth, Amber; Roses, Daniel; Goldberg, Judith D.; Formenti, Silvia C. 2012-01-01 Purpose: Damage to heart and lung from breast radiotherapy is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and lung cancer development. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate which position is best to spare lung and heart from radiotherapy exposure. Methods and Materials: One hundred consecutive Stage 0–IIA breast cancer patients consented to participate in a research trial that required two computed tomography simulation scans for planning both supine and prone positions. The optimal position was defined as that which best covered the contoured breast and tumor bed while it minimized critical organ irradiation, as quantified by the in-field heart and lung volume. The trial was designed to plan the first 100 patients in each position to study correlations between in-field volumes of organs at risk and dose. Results: Fifty-three left and 47 right breast cancer patients were consecutively accrued to the trial. In all patients, the prone position was optimal for sparing lung volume compared to the supine setup (mean lung volume reduction was 93.5 cc for right and 103.6 cc for left breast cancer patients). In 46/53 (87%) left breast cancer patients best treated prone, in-field heart volume was reduced by a mean of 12 cc and by 1.8 cc for the other 7/53 (13%) patients best treated supine. As predicted, supine-prone differences in in-field volume and mean dose of heart and lung were highly correlated (Spearman's correlation coefficient for left breast cancer patients was 0.90 for heart and 0.94 for lung and 0.92 for right breast cancer patients for lung). Conclusions: Prone setup reduced the amount of irradiated lung in all patients and reduced the amount of heart volume irradiated in 87% of left breast cancer patients. In-field organ volume is a valid surrogate for predicting dose; the trial continued to the planned target of 400. 15. Evaluation of correlated digital back propagation and extended Kalman filtering for non-linear mitigation in PM-16-QAM WDM systems Science.gov (United States) Pakala, Lalitha; Schmauss, Bernhard 2017-01-01 We investigate the individual and combined performance of correlated digital back propagation (CDBP) and extended Kalman filtering (EKF) in mitigating inter and intra-channel non-linearities in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems. The afore-mentioned algorithms are verified through numerical simulations on 28 Gbaud polarization multiplexed (PM) 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) 9-channel WDM system with 50 GHz spacing. A single channel CDBP with one-step-per-span based on asymmetric split step Fourier method (A-SSFM) with optimized non-linear coefficient has been employed. We also study an amplitude dependent optimization (AO) of the non-linear coefficient for CDBP which shows an improvement of ≍ 0.8 dB compared to the conventional optimized CDBP, in the non-linear regime. Moreover, our proposed carrier phase and amplitude noise estimation (CPANE) algorithm based on EKF outperforms AO-CDBP in both linear and non-linear regimes with an enhanced performance besides significantly reduced complexity. We further investigate the combined performance of AO-CDBP and EKF which results in an enhanced non-linear tolerance at the expense of increased computational cost trading off to the number of required CDBP steps per span. Furthermore, we also analyze the impact of cross phase modulation (XPM) on the combined performance of AO-CDBP and EKF by varying the number of WDM channels. Numerical results show that the obtained gain from employing AO-CDBP prior to EKF reduces with increasing effects of XPM. Additionally, we also discuss the computational complexity of the aforementioned algorithms. 16. Physical properties of naked DNA influence nucleosome positioning and correlate with transcription start and termination sites in yeast Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Soler-López Montserrat 2011-10-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background In eukaryotic organisms, DNA is packaged into chromatin structure, where most of DNA is wrapped into nucleosomes. DNA compaction and nucleosome positioning have clear functional implications, since they modulate the accessibility of genomic regions to regulatory proteins. Despite the intensive research effort focused in this area, the rules defining nucleosome positioning and the location of DNA regulatory regions still remain elusive. Results Naked (histone-free and nucleosomal DNA from yeast were digested by microccocal nuclease (MNase and sequenced genome-wide. MNase cutting preferences were determined for both naked and nucleosomal DNAs. Integration of their sequencing profiles with DNA conformational descriptors derived from atomistic molecular dynamic simulations enabled us to extract the physical properties of DNA on a genomic scale and to correlate them with chromatin structure and gene regulation. The local structure of DNA around regulatory regions was found to be unusually flexible and to display a unique pattern of nucleosome positioning. Ab initio physical descriptors derived from molecular dynamics were used to develop a computational method that accurately predicts nucleosome enriched and depleted regions. Conclusions Our experimental and computational analyses jointly demonstrate a clear correlation between sequence-dependent physical properties of naked DNA and regulatory signals in the chromatin structure. These results demonstrate that nucleosome positioning around TSS (Transcription Start Site and TTS (Transcription Termination Site (at least in yeast is strongly dependent on DNA physical properties, which can define a basal regulatory mechanism of gene expression. 17. Bose-Einstein study of position-momentum correlations of charged pions in hadronic $Z^{0}$ decays CERN Document Server Abbiendi, G.; Akesson, P.F.; Alexander, G.; Anagnostou, G.; Anderson, K.J.; Asai, S.; Axen, D.; Bailey, I.; Barberio, E.; Barillari, T.; Barlow, R.J.; Batley, R.J.; Bechtle, P.; Behnke, T.; Bell, Kenneth Watson; Bell, P.J.; Bella, G.; Bellerive, A.; Benelli, G.; Bethke, S.; Biebel, O.; Boeriu, O.; Bock, P.; Boutemeur, M.; Braibant, S.; Brown, Robert M.; Burckhart, H.J.; Campana, S.; Capiluppi, P.; Carnegie, R.K.; Carter, A.A.; Carter, J.R.; Chang, C.Y.; Charlton, D.G.; Ciocca, C.; Csilling, A.; Cuffiani, M.; Dado, S.; Dallavalle, G.M.; De Roeck, A.; De Wolf, E.A.; Desch, K.; Dienes, B.; Dubbert, J.; Duchovni, E.; Duckeck, G.; Duerdoth, I.P.; Etzion, E.; Fabbri, F.; Ferrari, P.; Fiedler, F.; Fleck, I.; Ford, M.; Frey, A.; Gagnon, P.; Gary, John William; Geich-Gimbel, C.; Giacomelli, G.; Giacomelli, P.; Giunta, Marina; Goldberg, J.; Gross, E.; Grunhaus, J.; Gruwe, M.; Gupta, A.; Hajdu, C.; Hamann, M.; Hanson, G.G.; Harel, A.; Hauschild, M.; Hawkes, C.M.; Hawkings, R.; Herten, G.; Heuer, R.D.; Hill, J.C.; Horvath, D.; Igo-Kemenes, P.; Ishii, K.; Jeremie, H.; Jovanovic, P.; Junk, T.R.; Kanzaki, J.; Karlen, D.; Kawagoe, K.; Kawamoto, T.; Keeler, R.K.; Kellogg, R.G.; Kennedy, B.W.; Kluth, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Kobel, M.; Komamiya, S.; Kramer, T.; Krasznahorkay, A., Jr.; Krieger, P.; von Krogh, J.; Kuhl, T.; Kupper, M.; Lafferty, G.D.; Landsman, H.; Lanske, D.; Lellouch, D.; Lettso, J.; Levinson, L.; Lillich, J.; Lloyd, S.L.; Loebinger, F.K.; Lu, J.; Ludwig, A.; Ludwig, J.; Mader, W.; Marcellini, S.; Martin, A.J.; Mashimo, T.; Mattig, Peter; McKenna, J.; McPherson, R.A.; Meijers, F.; Menges, W.; Merritt, F.S.; Mes, H.; Meyer, N.; Michelini, A.; Mihara, S.; Mikenberg, G.; Miller, D.J.; Mohr, W.; Mori, T.; Mutter, A.; Nagai, K.; Nakamura, I.; Nanjo, H.; Neal, H.A.; O'Neale, S.W.; Oh, A.; Oreglia, M.J.; Orito, S.; Pahl, C.; Pasztor, G.; Pater, J.R.; Pilcher, J.E.; Pinfold, J.; Plane, D.E.; Pooth, O.; Przybycien, M.; Quadt, A.; Rabbertz, K.; Rembser, C.; Renkel, P.; Roney, J.M.; Rossi, A.M.; Rozen, Y.; Runge, K.; Sachs, K.; Saeki, T.; Sarkisyan, E.K.G.; Schaile, A.D.; Schaile, O.; Scharff-Hansen, P.; Schieck, J.; Schorner-Sadenius, T.; Schroder, M.; Schumacher, M.; Seuster, R.; Shears, T.G.; Shen, B.C.; Sherwood, P.; Skuja, A.; Smith, A.M.; Sobie, R.; Soldner-Rembold, S.; Spano, F.; Stahl, A.; Strom, David M.; Strohmer, R.; Tarem, S.; Tasevsky, M.; Teuscher, R.; Thomson, M.A.; Torrence, E.; Toya, D.; Trigger, I.; Trocsanyi, Z.; Tsur, E.; Turner-Watson, M.F.; Ueda, I.; Ujvari, B.; Vollmer, C.F.; Vannerem, P.; Vertesi, R.; Verzocchi, M.; Voss, H.; Vossebeld, J.; Ward, C.P.; Ward, D.R.; Watkins, P.M.; Watson, A.T.; Watson, N.K.; Wells, P.S.; Wengler, T.; Wermes, N.; Wilson, G.W.; Wilson, J.A.; Wolf, G.; Wyatt, T.R.; Yamashita, S.; Zer-Zion, D.; Zivkovic, Lidija 2007-01-01 A study of Bose-Einstein correlations in pairs of identically charged pions produced in e+e- annihilations at the Z0 peak has been performed for the first time assuming a non-static emitting source. The results are based on the high statistics data obtained with the OPAL detector at LEP. The correlation functions have been analyzed in intervals of the average pair transverse momentum and of the pair rapidity, in order to study possible correlations between the pion production points and their momenta (position-momentum correlations). The Yano-Koonin and the Bertsch-Pratt parameterizations have been fitted to the measured correlation functions to estimate the geometrical parameters of the source as well as the velocity of the source elements with respect to the overall centre-of-mass frame. The source rapidity is found to scale approximately with the pair rapidity, and both the longitudinal and transverse source dimensions are found to decrease for increasing average pair transverse momenta. 18. Positive correlation between disease activity index and matrix metalloproteinases activity in a rat model of colitis. Science.gov (United States) Oliveira, Luiz Gustavo de; Cunha, André Luiz da; Duarte, Amaury Caiafa; Castañon, Maria Christina Marques Nogueira; Chebli, Júlio Maria Fonseca; Aguiar, Jair Adriano Kopke de 2014-01-01 Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, comprising a broad spectrum of diseases those have in common chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, histological alterations and an increased activity levels of certain enzymes, such as, metalloproteinases. Evaluate a possible correlation of disease activity index with the severity of colonic mucosal damage and increased activity of metalloproteinases in a model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Colitis was induced by oral administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium for seven days in this group (n=10), whereas control group (n=16) received water. Effects were analyzed daily by disease activity index. In the seventh day, animals were euthanized and hematological measurements, histological changes (hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian Blue staining), myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinase activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were determined. Dextran sulfate sodium group showed elevated disease activity index and reduced hematological parameters. Induction of colitis caused tissue injury with loss of mucin and increased myeloperoxidase (Pcorrelation with the degree of histopathological changes after induction of colitis, and this result may be related mainly to the increased activity of MMP-9 and mieloperoxidase. 19. Total and Lower Extremity Lean Mass Percentage Positively Correlates With Jump Performance. Science.gov (United States) Stephenson, Mitchell L; Smith, Derek T; Heinbaugh, Erika M; Moynes, Rebecca C; Rockey, Shawn S; Thomas, Joi J; Dai, Boyi 2015-08-01 Strength and power have been identified as valuable components in both athletic performance and daily function. A major component of strength and power is the muscle mass, which can be assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The primary purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between total body lean mass percentage (TBLM%) and lower extremity lean mass percentage (LELM%) and lower extremity force/power production during a countermovement jump (CMJ) in a general population. Researchers performed a DXA analysis on 40 younger participants aged 18-35 years, 28 middle-aged participants aged 36-55 years, and 34 older participants aged 56-75 years. Participants performed 3 CMJ on force platforms. Correlations revealed significant and strong relationships between TBLM% and LELM% compared with CMJ normalized peak vertical ground reaction force (p lean mass percentages. The findings have implications in including DXA-assessed lean mass percentage as a component for evaluating lower extremity strength and power. A paired DXA analysis and CMJ jump test may be useful for identifying neuromuscular deficits that limit performance. 20. Does media multitasking always hurt? A positive correlation between multitasking and multisensory integration. Science.gov (United States) Lui, Kelvin F H; Wong, Alan C-N 2012-08-01 1. A New Measure for Neural Compensation Is Positively Correlated With Working Memory and Gait Speed. Science.gov (United States) Ji, Lanxin; Pearlson, Godfrey D; Hawkins, Keith A; Steffens, David C; Guo, Hua; Wang, Lihong 2018-01-01 2. Bayesian estimation of direct and correlated responses to selection on linear or ratio expressions of feed efficiency in pigs DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Shirali, Mahmoud; Varley, Patrick Francis; Jensen, Just 2018-01-01 meat percentage (LMP) along with the derived traits of RFI and FCR; and (3) deriving Bayesian estimates of direct and correlated responses to selection on RFI, FCR, ADG, ADFI, and LMP. Response to selection was defined as the difference in additive genetic mean of the selected top individuals, expected......, respectively. Selection against RFIG showed a direct response of − 0.16 kg/d and correlated responses of − 0.16 kg/kg for FCR and − 0.15 kg/d for ADFI, with no effect on other production traits. Selection against FCR resulted in a direct response of − 0.17 kg/kg and correlated responses of − 0.14 kg/d for RFIG......, − 0.18 kg/d for ADFI, and 0.98% for LMP. Conclusions: The Bayesian methodology developed here enables prediction of breeding values for FCR and RFI from a single multi-variate model. In addition, we derived posterior distributions of direct and correlated responses to selection. Genetic parameter... 3. Pelvic floor muscle strength evaluation in different body positions in nulliparous healthy women and its correlation with sexual activity Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Monica Orsi Gameiro 2013-12-01 Full Text Available Objective The aim of this study was to assess pelvic floor muscle (PFM strength in different body positions in nulliparous healthy women and its correlation with sexual activity. Materials and Methods Fifty healthy nulliparous women with mean age of 23 years were prospectively studied. Subjective evaluation of PFM was assessed by transvaginal digital palpation (TDP of anterior and posterior areas regarding the vaginal introitus. A perineometer with inflatable vaginal probe was used to assess the PFM strength in four different positions: supine with extended lower limbs (P1; bent-knee supine (P2; sitting (P3; standing (P4. Results Physical activity, 3 times per week, was reported by 58% of volunteers. Sexual activity was observed in 80% of women and 82% of them presented orgasm. The average body mass index (BMI was 21.76 kg/m2, considered as normal according World Health Organization (WHO. We observed that 68% of volunteers were conscious about the PFM contraction. TDP showed concordance of 76% when anterior and posterior areas were compared (p = 0.00014. There was not correlation between PFM strength and orgasm in subjective evaluation. The PFM strength was significantly higher in standing position when compared with the other positions (p < 0.000. No statistical difference was observed between orgasm and PFM strength when objective evaluations were performed. Conclusions There was concordance between anterior and posterior areas in 76% of cases when subjective PFM strength was assessed. In objective evaluation, higher PFM strength was observed when volunteers were standing. No statistical correlation was observed between PFM strength and orgasm in nulliparous healthy women. 4. Patient positioning method based on binary image correlation between two edge images for proton-beam radiation therapy International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sawada, Akira; Yoda, Kiyoshi; Numano, Masumi; Futami, Yasuyuki; Yamashita, Haruo; Murayama, Shigeyuki; Tsugami, Hironobu 2005-01-01 A new technique based on normalized binary image correlation between two edge images has been proposed for positioning proton-beam radiotherapy patients. A Canny edge detector was used to extract two edge images from a reference x-ray image and a test x-ray image of a patient before positioning. While translating and rotating the edged test image, the absolute value of the normalized binary image correlation between the two edge images is iteratively maximized. Each time before rotation, dilation is applied to the edged test image to avoid a steep reduction of the image correlation. To evaluate robustness of the proposed method, a simulation has been carried out using 240 simulated edged head front-view images extracted from a reference image by varying parameters of the Canny algorithm with a given range of rotation angles and translation amounts in x and y directions. It was shown that resulting registration errors have an accuracy of one pixel in x and y directions and zero degrees in rotation, even when the number of edge pixels significantly differs between the edged reference image and the edged simulation image. Subsequently, positioning experiments using several sets of head, lung, and hip data have been performed. We have observed that the differences of translation and rotation between manual positioning and the proposed method were within one pixel in translation and one degree in rotation. From the results of the validation study, it can be concluded that a significant reduction in workload for the physicians and technicians can be achieved with this method 5. Long-time and large-distance asymptotic behavior of the current-current correlators in the non-linear Schroedinger model Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Kozlowski, K.K. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Terras, V. [CNRS, ENS Lyon (France). Lab. de Physique 2010-12-15 We present a new method allowing us to derive the long-time and large-distance asymptotic behavior of the correlations functions of quantum integrable models from their exact representations. Starting from the form factor expansion of the correlation functions in finite volume, we explain how to reduce the complexity of the computation in the so-called interacting integrable models to the one appearing in free fermion equivalent models. We apply our method to the time-dependent zero-temperature current-current correlation function in the non-linear Schroedinger model and compute the first few terms in its asymptotic expansion. Our result goes beyond the conformal field theory based predictions: in the time-dependent case, other types of excitations than the ones on the Fermi surface contribute to the leading orders of the asymptotics. (orig.) 6. Long-time and large-distance asymptotic behavior of the current-current correlators in the non-linear Schroedinger model International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Kozlowski, K.K.; Terras, V. 2010-12-01 We present a new method allowing us to derive the long-time and large-distance asymptotic behavior of the correlations functions of quantum integrable models from their exact representations. Starting from the form factor expansion of the correlation functions in finite volume, we explain how to reduce the complexity of the computation in the so-called interacting integrable models to the one appearing in free fermion equivalent models. We apply our method to the time-dependent zero-temperature current-current correlation function in the non-linear Schroedinger model and compute the first few terms in its asymptotic expansion. Our result goes beyond the conformal field theory based predictions: in the time-dependent case, other types of excitations than the ones on the Fermi surface contribute to the leading orders of the asymptotics. (orig.) 7. Methodology to reduce 6D patient positional shifts into a 3D linear shift and its verification in frameless stereotactic radiotherapy Science.gov (United States) Sarkar, Biplab; Ray, Jyotirmoy; Ganesh, Tharmarnadar; Manikandan, Arjunan; Munshi, Anusheel; Rathinamuthu, Sasikumar; Kaur, Harpreet; Anbazhagan, Satheeshkumar; Giri, Upendra K.; Roy, Soumya; Jassal, Kanan; Kalyan Mohanti, Bidhu 2018-04-01 The aim of this article is to derive and verify a mathematical formulation for the reduction of the six-dimensional (6D) positional inaccuracies of patients (lateral, longitudinal, vertical, pitch, roll and yaw) to three-dimensional (3D) linear shifts. The formulation was mathematically and experimentally tested and verified for 169 stereotactic radiotherapy patients. The mathematical verification involves the comparison of any (one) of the calculated rotational coordinates with the corresponding value from the 6D shifts obtained by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The experimental verification involves three sets of measurements using an ArcCHECK phantom, when (i) the phantom was not moved (neutral position: 0MES), (ii) the position of the phantom shifted by 6D shifts obtained from CBCT (6DMES) from neutral position and (iii) the phantom shifted from its neutral position by 3D shifts reduced from 6D shifts (3DMES). Dose volume histogram and statistical comparisons were made between ≤ft and ≤ft . The mathematical verification was performed by a comparison of the calculated and measured yaw (γ°) rotation values, which gave a straight line, Y  =  1X with a goodness of fit as R 2  =  0.9982. The verification, based on measurements, gave a planning target volume receiving 100% of the dose (V100%) as 99.1  ±  1.9%, 96.3  ±  1.8%, 74.3  ±  1.9% and 72.6  ±  2.8% for the calculated treatment planning system values TPSCAL, 0MES, 3DMES and 6DMES, respectively. The statistical significance (p-values: paired sample t-test) of V100% were found to be 0.03 for the paired sample ≤ft and 0.01 for ≤ft . In this paper, a mathematical method to reduce 6D shifts to 3D shifts is presented. The mathematical method is verified by using well-matched values between the measured and calculated γ°. Measurements done on the ArcCHECK phantom also proved that the proposed methodology is correct. The post-correction of the 8. Analysis of correlated count data using generalised linear mixed models exemplified by field data on aggressive behaviour of boars Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) N. Mielenz 2015-01-01 Full Text Available Population-averaged and subject-specific models are available to evaluate count data when repeated observations per subject are present. The latter are also known in the literature as generalised linear mixed models (GLMM. In GLMM repeated measures are taken into account explicitly through random animal effects in the linear predictor. In this paper the relevant GLMMs are presented based on conditional Poisson or negative binomial distribution of the response variable for given random animal effects. Equations for the repeatability of count data are derived assuming normal distribution and logarithmic gamma distribution for the random animal effects. Using count data on aggressive behaviour events of pigs (barrows, sows and boars in mixed-sex housing, we demonstrate the use of the Poisson »log-gamma intercept«, the Poisson »normal intercept« and the »normal intercept« model with negative binomial distribution. Since not all count data can definitely be seen as Poisson or negative-binomially distributed, questions of model selection and model checking are examined. Emanating from the example, we also interpret the least squares means, estimated on the link as well as the response scale. Options provided by the SAS procedure NLMIXED for estimating model parameters and for estimating marginal expected values are presented. 9. Intraspecific chemical diversity among neighbouring plants correlates positively with plant size and herbivore load but negatively with herbivore damage. Science.gov (United States) Bustos-Segura, Carlos; Poelman, Erik H; Reichelt, Michael; Gershenzon, Jonathan; Gols, Rieta 2017-01-01 Intraspecific plant diversity can modify the properties of associated arthropod communities and plant fitness. However, it is not well understood which plant traits determine these ecological effects. We explored the effect of intraspecific chemical diversity among neighbouring plants on the associated invertebrate community and plant traits. In a common garden experiment, intraspecific diversity among neighbouring plants was manipulated using three plant populations of wild cabbage that differ in foliar glucosinolates. Plants were larger, harboured more herbivores, but were less damaged when plant diversity was increased. Glucosinolate concentration differentially correlated with generalist and specialist herbivore abundance. Glucosinolate composition correlated with plant damage, while in polycultures, variation in glucosinolate concentrations among neighbouring plants correlated positively with herbivore diversity and negatively with plant damage levels. The results suggest that intraspecific variation in secondary chemistry among neighbouring plants is important in determining the structure of the associated insect community and positively affects plant performance. © 2016 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 10. Adolescent Age Moderates Genetic and Environmental Influences on Parent-Adolescent Positivity and Negativity: Implications for Genotype-Environment Correlation Science.gov (United States) Marceau, Kristine; Knopik, Valerie S.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Lichtenstein, Paul; Spotts, Erica L.; Ganiban, Jody M.; Reiss, David 2015-01-01 11. Urinary oxytocin positively correlates with performance in facial visual search in unmarried males, without specific reaction to infant face. Science.gov (United States) Saito, Atsuko; Hamada, Hiroki; Kikusui, Takefumi; Mogi, Kazutaka; Nagasawa, Miho; Mitsui, Shohei; Higuchi, Takashi; Hasegawa, Toshikazu; Hiraki, Kazuo 2014-01-01 The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in prosocial and parental behavior in non-human mammals as well as humans. It has been suggested that oxytocin may affect visual processing of infant faces and emotional reaction to infants. Healthy male volunteers (N = 13) were tested for their ability to detect infant or adult faces among adult or infant faces (facial visual search task). Urine samples were collected from all participants before the study to measure the concentration of oxytocin. Urinary oxytocin positively correlated with performance in the facial visual search task. However, task performance and its correlation with oxytocin concentration did not differ between infant faces and adult faces. Our data suggests that endogenous oxytocin is related to facial visual cognition, but does not promote infant-specific responses in unmarried men who are not fathers. 12. Urinary oxytocin positively correlates with performance in facial visual search in unmarried males, without specific reaction to infant face Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Atsuko eSaito 2014-07-01 Full Text Available The neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in prosocial and parental behavior in non-human mammals as well as humans. It has been suggested that oxytocin may affect visual processing of infant faces and emotional reaction to infants. Healthy male volunteers (N = 13 were tested for their ability to detect infant or adult faces among adult or infant faces (facial visual search task. Urine samples were collected from all participants before the study to measure the concentration of oxytocin. Urinary oxytocin positively correlated with performance in the facial visual search task. However, task performance and its correlation with oxytocin concentration did not differ between infant faces and adult faces. Our data suggests that endogenous oxytocin is related to facial visual cognition, but does not promote infant-specific responses in unmarried men who are not fathers. 13. A correlation study on position and volume variation of primary lung cancer during respiration by four-dimensional CT International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Zhang Yingjie; Li Jianbin; Tian Shiyu; Li Fengxiang; Fan Tingyong; Shao Qian; Xu Min; Lu Jie 2011-01-01 Objective: To investigate the correlation of position movement of primary tumor with interested organs and skin markers, and to investigate the correlation of volume variation of primary tumors and lungs during different respiration phases for patients with lung cancer at free breath condition scanned by four-dimensional CT (4DCT) simulation. Methods: 16 patients with lung cancer were scanned at free breath condition by simulation 4DCT which connected to a respiration-monitoring system. A coordinate system was created based on image of T 5 phase,gross tumor volume (GTV) and normal tissue structures of 10 phases were contoured. The three dimensional position variation of them were measured and their correlation were analyzed, and the same for the volume variation of GTV and lungs of 10 respiratory phases. Results: Movement range of lung cancer in different lobe differed extinct: 0.8 - 5.0 mm in upper lobe, 5.7 -5.9 mm in middle lobe and 10.2 - 13.7 mm in lower lobe, respectively. Movement range of lung cancer in three dimensional direction was different: z-axis 4.3 mm ± 4.3 mm > y-axis 2.2 mm ± 1.0 mm > x-axis 1.7 mm ± 1.5 mm (χ 2 =16.22, P =0.000), respectively. There was no statistical significant correlation for movement vector of GTV and interested structures (r =-0.50 - -0.01, P =0.058 - -0.961), nor for volume variation of tumor and lung (r =0.23, P =0.520). Conclusions: Based on 4DCT, statistically significant differences of GTV centroid movement are observed at different pulmonary lobes and in three dimensional directions. So individual 4DCT measurement is necessary for definition of internal target volume margin for lung cancer. (authors) 14. K-mer Content, Correlation, and Position Analysis of Genome DNA Sequences for the Identification of Function and Evolutionary Features Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Aaron Sievers 2017-04-01 Full Text Available In genome analysis, k-mer-based comparison methods have become standard tools. However, even though they are able to deliver reliable results, other algorithms seem to work better in some cases. To improve k-mer-based DNA sequence analysis and comparison, we successfully checked whether adding positional resolution is beneficial for finding and/or comparing interesting organizational structures. A simple but efficient algorithm for extracting and saving local k-mer spectra (frequency distribution of k-mers was developed and used. The results were analyzed by including positional information based on visualizations as genomic maps and by applying basic vector correlation methods. This analysis was concentrated on small word lengths (1 ≤ k ≤ 4 on relatively small viral genomes of Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae, while also checking its usability for larger sequences, namely human chromosome 2 and the homologous chromosomes (2A, 2B of a chimpanzee. Using this alignment-free analysis, several regions with specific characteristics in Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae formerly identified by independent, mostly alignment-based methods, were confirmed. Correlations between the k-mer content and several genes in these genomes have been found, showing similarities between classified and unclassified viruses, which may be potentially useful for further taxonomic research. Furthermore, unknown k-mer correlations in the genomes of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs, which are probably of major biological function, are found and described. Using the chromosomes of a chimpanzee and human that are currently known, identities between the species on every analyzed chromosome were reproduced. This demonstrates the feasibility of our approach for large data sets of complex genomes. Based on these results, we suggest k-mer analysis with positional resolution as a method for closing a gap between the effectiveness of alignment-based methods (like NCBI BLAST and the 15. On linear correlation between interfacial tension of water-solvent interface solubility of water in organic solvents and parameters of diluent effect scale International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Mezhov, Eh.A.; Khananashvili, N.L.; Shmidt, V.S. 1988-01-01 Presence of linear correlation between water solubility in nonmiscible with it organic solvents, interfacial tension of water-solvent interface, on the one hand, and solvent effect scale parameters and these solvents π* - on the other hand, is established. It allows, using certain tabular parameters of solvent effect or each solvent π*, to predict values of interfacial tension and water solubility for corresponding systems. It is shown, that solvent effect scale allows to predict values more accurately, than other known solvent scales, as it in contrast to other scales characterizes solvents, which are in equilibrium with water 16. The 1 Repetition Maximum Mechanics of a High-Handle Hexagonal Bar Deadlift Compared With a Conventional Deadlift as Measured by a Linear Position Transducer. Science.gov (United States) Lockie, Robert G; Moreno, Matthew R; Lazar, Adrina; Risso, Fabrice G; Liu, Tricia M; Stage, Alyssa A; Birmingham-Babauta, Samantha A; Torne, Ibett A; Stokes, John J; Giuliano, Dominic V; Davis, DeShaun L; Orjalo, Ashley J; Callaghan, Samuel J 2018-01-01 Lockie, RG, Moreno, MR, Lazar, A, Risso, FG, Liu, TM, Stage, AA, Birmingham-Babauta, SA, Torne, IA, Stokes, JJ, Giuliano, DV, Davis, DL, Orjalo, AJ, and Callaghan, SJ. The 1 repetition maximum mechanics of a high-handle hexagonal bar deadlift compared with a conventional deadlift as measured by a linear position transducer. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 150-161, 2018-The high-handle hexagonal bar deadlift (HHBD), a variation of the conventional deadlift (CD), is said to reduce the lift range of motion, which may change the mechanics of the lift. However, no research has investigated this. This study compared the mechanics between a 1 repetition maximum (1RM) CD and HHBD. Thirty-one strength-trained subjects (21 men, 10 women) completed a 1RM CD and HHBD. A linear position transducer measured lift distance, duration, and work; and peak and mean power, velocity, and force. The presence of a sticking region (SR) was determined for each lift. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculated differences between 1RM CD and HHBD mechanics. A one-way ANOVA compared the mechanics of each lift between subjects who exhibited an SR or not, and the SR between the CD and HHBD. Significance was set at p mechanics between subjects with or without an SR, and no differences in SR region distance or duration between the CD and HHBD. Greater force can be generated in the HHBD, which could have implications for strength-training adaptations over time. 17. The role of self-coherence in correlations of bosons and fermions in linear counting experiments. Notes on the wave-particle duality International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Varro, S. 2011-01-01 Correlations of detection events in two detectors are studied in case of linear excitations of the measuring apparatus. On the basis of classical probability theory and fundamental conservation laws, a general formula is derived for the two-point correlation functions for both bosons and fermions. The results obtained coincide with that derivable from quantum theory which uses quantized field amplitudes. By applying both the particle and the wave picture at the same time, the phenomena of photon bunching and antibunching, photon anticorrelation and fermion antibunching measured in beam experiments are interpreted in the frame of an intuitively clear description. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 18. Induction of type I and type III interferons by Borrelia burgdorferi correlates with pathogenesis and requires linear plasmid 36. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Michelle A Krupna-Gaylord Full Text Available The capacity for Borrelia burgdorferi to cause disseminated infection in humans or mice is associated with the genotype of the infecting strain. The cytokine profiles elicited by B. burgdorferi clinical isolates of different genotype (ribosomal spacer type groups were assessed in a human PBMC co-incubation model. RST1 isolates, which are more frequently associated with disseminated Lyme disease in humans and mice, induced significantly higher levels of IFN-α and IFN-λ1/IL29 relative to RST3 isolates, which are less frequently associated with disseminated infection. No differences in the protein concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 or TNF-α were observed between isolates of differing genotype. The ability of B. burgdorferi to induce type I and type III IFNs was completely dependent on the presence of linear plasmid (lp 36. An lp36-deficient B. burgdorferi mutant adhered to, and was internalized by, PBMCs and specific dendritic cell (DC subsets less efficiently than its isogenic B31 parent strain. The association defect with mDC1s and pDCs could be restored by complementation of the mutant with the complete lp36. The RST1 clinical isolates studied were found to contain a 2.5-kB region, located in the distal one-third of lp36, which was not present in any of the RST3 isolates tested. This divergent region of lp36 may encode one or more factors required for optimal spirochetal recognition and the production of type I and type III IFNs by human DCs, thus suggesting a potential role for DCs in the pathogenesis of B. burgdorferi infection. 19. The conservation pattern of short linear motifs is highly correlated with the function of interacting protein domains Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Wang Yiguo 2008-10-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background Many well-represented domains recognize primary sequences usually less than 10 amino acids in length, called Short Linear Motifs (SLiMs. Accurate prediction of SLiMs has been difficult because they are short (often Results Our combined approach revealed that SLiMs are highly conserved in proteins from functional classes that are known to interact with a specific domain, but that they are not conserved in most other protein groups. We found that SLiMs recognized by SH2 domains were highly conserved in receptor kinases/phosphatases, adaptor molecules, and tyrosine kinases/phosphatases, that SLiMs recognized by SH3 domains were highly conserved in cytoskeletal and cytoskeletal-associated proteins, that SLiMs recognized by PDZ domains were highly conserved in membrane proteins such as channels and receptors, and that SLiMs recognized by S/T kinase domains were highly conserved in adaptor molecules, S/T kinases/phosphatases, and proteins involved in transcription or cell cycle control. We studied Tyr-SLiMs recognized by SH2 domains in more detail, and found that SH2-recognized Tyr-SLiMs on the cytoplasmic side of membrane proteins are more highly conserved than those on the extra-cellular side. Also, we found that SH2-recognized Tyr-SLiMs that are associated with SH3 motifs and a tyrosine kinase phosphorylation motif are more highly conserved. Conclusion The interactome of protein domains is reflected by the evolutionary conservation of SLiMs recognized by these domains. Combining scoring matrixes derived from peptide libraries and conservation analysis, we would be able to find those protein groups that are more likely to interact with specific domains. 20. Expression of integrin α3β1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) are positively correlated in human breast cancer International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Aggarwal, Anshu; Al-Rohil, Rami N; Batra, Anupam; Feustel, Paul J; Jones, David M; DiPersio, C Michael 2014-01-01 Expression of integrin α3β1 is associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis in several cancers, including breast cancer. Moreover, preclinical studies have revealed important pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic functions for this integrin, including tumor growth, survival, invasion, and paracrine induction of angiogenesis. Our previously published work in a preclinical breast cancer model showed that integrin α3β1 promotes expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2/PTGS2), a known driver of breast cancer progression. However, the clinical significance of this regulation was unknown. The objective of the current study was to assess the clinical relevance of the relationship between integrin α3β1 and COX2 by testing for their correlated expression among various forms of human breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess co-expression of α3 and COX2 in specimens of human invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), either on a commercial tissue microarray (n = 59 samples) or obtained from Albany Medical Center archives (n = 68 samples). Immunostaining intensity for the integrin α3 subunit or COX2 was scored, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess their co-expression across and within different tumor subtypes or clinicopathologic criteria. Although expression of integrin α3 or COX2 varied among clinical IDC samples, a statistically significant, positive correlation was detected between α3 and COX2 in both tissue microarrays (r s = 0.49, p < 0.001, n = 59) and archived samples (r s = 0.59, p < 0.0001, n = 68). In both sample sets, this correlation was independent of hormone receptor status, histological grade, or disease stage. COX2 and α3 are correlated in IDC independently of hormone receptor status or other clinicopathologic features, supporting the hypothesis that integrin α3β1 is a determinant of COX2 expression in human breast cancer. These results support the clinical relevance of α3β1 1. Classification of THz pulse signals using two-dimensional cross-correlation feature extraction and non-linear classifiers. Science.gov (United States) Siuly; Yin, Xiaoxia; Hadjiloucas, Sillas; Zhang, Yanchun 2016-04-01 This work provides a performance comparison of four different machine learning classifiers: multinomial logistic regression with ridge estimators (MLR) classifier, k-nearest neighbours (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) and naïve Bayes (NB) as applied to terahertz (THz) transient time domain sequences associated with pixelated images of different powder samples. The six substances considered, although have similar optical properties, their complex insertion loss at the THz part of the spectrum is significantly different because of differences in both their frequency dependent THz extinction coefficient as well as differences in their refractive index and scattering properties. As scattering can be unquantifiable in many spectroscopic experiments, classification solely on differences in complex insertion loss can be inconclusive. The problem is addressed using two-dimensional (2-D) cross-correlations between background and sample interferograms, these ensure good noise suppression of the datasets and provide a range of statistical features that are subsequently used as inputs to the above classifiers. A cross-validation procedure is adopted to assess the performance of the classifiers. Firstly the measurements related to samples that had thicknesses of 2mm were classified, then samples at thicknesses of 4mm, and after that 3mm were classified and the success rate and consistency of each classifier was recorded. In addition, mixtures having thicknesses of 2 and 4mm as well as mixtures of 2, 3 and 4mm were presented simultaneously to all classifiers. This approach provided further cross-validation of the classification consistency of each algorithm. The results confirm the superiority in classification accuracy and robustness of the MLR (least accuracy 88.24%) and KNN (least accuracy 90.19%) algorithms which consistently outperformed the SVM (least accuracy 74.51%) and NB (least accuracy 56.86%) classifiers for the same number of feature vectors across all studies 2. Succinate production positively correlates with the affinity of the global transcription factor Cra for its effector FBP in Escherichia coli. Science.gov (United States) Wei, Li-Na; Zhu, Li-Wen; Tang, Ya-Jie 2016-01-01 Effector binding is important for transcription factors, affecting both the pattern and function of transcriptional regulation to alter cell phenotype. Our previous work suggested that the affinity of the global transcription factor catabolite repressor/activator (Cra) for its effector fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) may contribute to succinate biosynthesis. To support this hypothesis, single-point and three-point mutations were proposed through the semi-rational design of Cra to improve its affinity for FBP. For the first time, a positive correlation between succinate production and the affinity of Cra for FBP was revealed in Escherichia coli . Using the best-fit regression function, a cubic equation was used to examine and describe the relationship between succinate production and the affinity of Cra for FBP, demonstrating a significant positive correlation between the two factors (coefficient of determination R 2  = 0.894, P  = 0.000 Cra and DNA showed that Cra bound to the promoter regions of pck and aceB to activate the corresponding genes. Normally, Cra-regulated operons under positive control are deactivated in the presence of FBP. Therefore, theoretically, the enhanced affinity of Cra for FBP will inhibit the activation of pck and aceB . However, the activation of genes involved in CO 2 fixation and the glyoxylate pathway was further improved by the Cra mutant, ultimately contributing to succinate biosynthesis. Enhanced binding of Cra to FBP or active site mutations may eliminate the repressive effect caused by FBP, thus leading to increased activation of genes associated with succinate biosynthesis in the Cra mutant. This work demonstrates an important transcriptional regulation strategy in the metabolic engineering of succinate production and provides useful information for better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors. 3. TRAIL Death Receptor-4 Expression Positively Correlates With the Tumor Grade in Breast Cancer Patients With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Sanlioglu, Ahter D.; Korcum, Aylin F.; Pestereli, Elif; Erdogan, Gulgun; Karaveli, Seyda; Savas, Burhan; Griffith, Thomas S.; Sanlioglu, Salih V. 2007-01-01 Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells, and a number of clinical trials have recently been initiated to test the safety and antitumoral potential of TRAIL in cancer patients. Four different receptors have been identified to interact with TRAIL: two are death-inducing receptors (TRAIL-R1 [DR4] and TRAIL-R2 [DR5]), whereas the other two (TRAIL-R3 [DcR1] and TRAIL-R4 [DcR2]) do not induce death upon ligation and are believed to counteract TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity. Because high levels of DcR2 expression have recently been correlated with carcinogenesis in the prostate and lung, this study investigated the importance of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression in breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, taking various prognostic markers into consideration. Methods and Materials: Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 90 breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma using TRAIL and TRAIL receptor-specific antibodies. Age, menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node status, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, extracapsular tumor extension, presence of an extensive intraductal component, multicentricity, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and CerbB2 expression levels were analyzed with respect to TRAIL/TRAIL receptor expression patterns. Results: The highest TRAIL receptor expressed in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma was DR4. Although progesterone receptor-positive patients exhibited lower DR5 expression, CerbB2-positive tissues displayed higher levels of both DR5 and TRAIL expressions. Conclusions: DR4 expression positively correlates with the tumor grade in breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma 4. ARCHITECTURAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE HAMM MS OF CHERCHELL, ALGERIA: LINEAR VS AGGREGATE SPACE IN THE TRADITIONAL BATH Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Youcef Chennaoui 2009-11-01 Full Text Available The architecture of traditional historic cities in Algeria has specific spatial and constructive characteristics despite the influence of the Andalusian-Ottoman style. In the case of Cherchell (a historic city 100kms west of Algiers, the architectural elements interpret these architectural references. These elements exist in a complex archaeological, historic and cultural fabric based on architectural and urban analogies, reminders and references. The paper focuses on the typological study of the historic hammāms of Cherchell. It is aimed to analyse the diverse correlations between specific urban amenities and the residential fabric framed within the spatial organization, proportional modulation and structural modes. In this paper, the spatial organisation of the public baths of Cherchell is identified. It is a nodal spiral organization developed around the hot room. It follows the Ottoman spatial prototype of Algiers hammāms. However, the specific characteristic of Cherchell baths is in their constructive system for the roofing covering the central space of the hot room. The roofing consists of an octagonal dome, where the transition to the large square of the hot room is covered by trusses supporting tiled roofing, inspired by the domestic Cherchell architecture of that era. 5. Application of Linear Mixed-Effects Models in Human Neuroscience Research: A Comparison with Pearson Correlation in Two Auditory Electrophysiology Studies. Science.gov (United States) Koerner, Tess K; Zhang, Yang 2017-02-27 Neurophysiological studies are often designed to examine relationships between measures from different testing conditions, time points, or analysis techniques within the same group of participants. Appropriate statistical techniques that can take into account repeated measures and multivariate predictor variables are integral and essential to successful data analysis and interpretation. This work implements and compares conventional Pearson correlations and linear mixed-effects (LME) regression models using data from two recently published auditory electrophysiology studies. For the specific research questions in both studies, the Pearson correlation test is inappropriate for determining strengths between the behavioral responses for speech-in-noise recognition and the multiple neurophysiological measures as the neural responses across listening conditions were simply treated as independent measures. In contrast, the LME models allow a systematic approach to incorporate both fixed-effect and random-effect terms to deal with the categorical grouping factor of listening conditions, between-subject baseline differences in the multiple measures, and the correlational structure among the predictor variables. Together, the comparative data demonstrate the advantages as well as the necessity to apply mixed-effects models to properly account for the built-in relationships among the multiple predictor variables, which has important implications for proper statistical modeling and interpretation of human behavior in terms of neural correlates and biomarkers. 6. A comparison of least squares linear regression and measurement error modeling of warm/cold multipole correlation in SSC prototype dipole magnets International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Pollock, D.; Kim, K.; Gunst, R.; Schucany, W. 1993-05-01 Linear estimation of cold magnetic field quality based on warm multipole measurements is being considered as a quality control method for SSC production magnet acceptance. To investigate prediction uncertainties associated with such an approach, axial-scan (Z-scan) magnetic measurements from SSC Prototype Collider Dipole Magnets (CDM's) have been studied. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of the explanatory ability of warm measurement multipole variation on the prediction of cold magnet multipoles. Two linear estimation methods are presented: least-squares regression, which uses the assumption of fixed independent variable (xi) observations, and the measurement error model, which includes measurement error in the xi's. The influence of warm multipole measurement errors on predicted cold magnet multipole averages is considered. MSD QA is studying warm/cold correlation to answer several magnet quality control questions. How well do warm measurements predict cold (2kA) multipoles? Does sampling error significantly influence estimates of the linear coefficients (slope, intercept and residual standard error)? Is estimation error for the predicted cold magnet average small compared to typical variation along the Z-Axis? What fraction of the multipole RMS tolerance is accounted for by individual magnet prediction uncertainty? 7. Linear models for airborne-laser-scanning-based operational forest inventory with small field sample size and highly correlated LiDAR data Science.gov (United States) Junttila, Virpi; Kauranne, Tuomo; Finley, Andrew O.; Bradford, John B. 2015-01-01 Modern operational forest inventory often uses remotely sensed data that cover the whole inventory area to produce spatially explicit estimates of forest properties through statistical models. The data obtained by airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) correlate well with many forest inventory variables, such as the tree height, the timber volume, and the biomass. To construct an accurate model over thousands of hectares, LiDAR data must be supplemented with several hundred field sample measurements of forest inventory variables. This can be costly and time consuming. Different LiDAR-data-based and spatial-data-based sampling designs can reduce the number of field sample plots needed. However, problems arising from the features of the LiDAR data, such as a large number of predictors compared with the sample size (overfitting) or a strong correlation among predictors (multicollinearity), may decrease the accuracy and precision of the estimates and predictions. To overcome these problems, a Bayesian linear model with the singular value decomposition of predictors, combined with regularization, is proposed. The model performance in predicting different forest inventory variables is verified in ten inventory areas from two continents, where the number of field sample plots is reduced using different sampling designs. The results show that, with an appropriate field plot selection strategy and the proposed linear model, the total relative error of the predicted forest inventory variables is only 5%–15% larger using 50 field sample plots than the error of a linear model estimated with several hundred field sample plots when we sum up the error due to both the model noise variance and the model’s lack of fit. 8. Determination of Spearman Correlation Coefficient (r to Evaluate the Linear Association of Dermal Collagen and Elastic Fibers in the Perspectives of Skin Injury Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Naveen Kumar 2018-01-01 Full Text Available Background. Difference in scar formation at different sites, in different directions at the same site, but with changes in the elasticity of skin with age, sex, and race or in some pathological conditions, is well known to clinicians. The inappropriate collagen syntheses and delayed or lack of epithelialization are known to induce scar formation with negligible elasticity at the site of damage. Changes in the elasticity of scars may be due to an unequal distribution of dermal collagen (C and elastic (E fibers. Materials and Methods. Spearman correlation coefficients (r of collagen and elastic fibers in horizontal (H and in vertical (V directions (variables CV, CH, EV, and EH were measured from the respective quantitative fraction data in 320 skin samples from 32 human cadavers collected at five selected sites over extremities. Results. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed the statistically significant (p<0.01 strong positive correlation between CH and CV in all the areas, that is, shoulder joint area (r=0.66, wrist (r=0.75, forearm (r=0.75, and thigh (r=0.80, except at the ankle (r=0.26, p=0.14 region. Similarly, positive correlation between EH and EV has been observed at the forearm (r=0.65, moderate and thigh (r=0.42, low regions. However, a significant moderate negative correlation was observed between CV and EV at the forearm (r=-0.51 and between CH and EH at the thigh region (r=-0.65. Conclusion. Significant differences of correlations of collagen and elastic fibers in different directions from different areas of extremities were noted. This may be one of the possible anatomical reasons of scar behavior in different areas and different directions of the same area. 9. Determination of Spearman Correlation Coefficient (r) to Evaluate the Linear Association of Dermal Collagen and Elastic Fibers in the Perspectives of Skin Injury. Science.gov (United States) 2018-01-01 Difference in scar formation at different sites, in different directions at the same site, but with changes in the elasticity of skin with age, sex, and race or in some pathological conditions, is well known to clinicians. The inappropriate collagen syntheses and delayed or lack of epithelialization are known to induce scar formation with negligible elasticity at the site of damage. Changes in the elasticity of scars may be due to an unequal distribution of dermal collagen (C) and elastic (E) fibers. Spearman correlation coefficients ( r ) of collagen and elastic fibers in horizontal (H) and in vertical (V) directions (variables CV, CH, EV, and EH) were measured from the respective quantitative fraction data in 320 skin samples from 32 human cadavers collected at five selected sites over extremities. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed the statistically significant ( p < 0.01) strong positive correlation between C H and C V in all the areas, that is, shoulder joint area ( r = 0.66), wrist ( r = 0.75), forearm ( r = 0.75), and thigh ( r = 0.80), except at the ankle ( r = 0.26, p = 0.14) region. Similarly, positive correlation between E H and E V has been observed at the forearm ( r = 0.65, moderate) and thigh ( r = 0.42, low) regions. However, a significant moderate negative correlation was observed between C V and E V at the forearm ( r = -0.51) and between C H and E H at the thigh region ( r = -0.65). Significant differences of correlations of collagen and elastic fibers in different directions from different areas of extremities were noted. This may be one of the possible anatomical reasons of scar behavior in different areas and different directions of the same area. 10. A simple procedure to analyze positions of interest in infectious cell cultures by correlative light and electron microscopy. Science.gov (United States) Madela, Kazimierz; Banhart, Sebastian; Zimmermann, Anja; Piesker, Janett; Bannert, Norbert; Laue, Michael 2014-01-01 Plastic cell culture dishes that contain a thin bottom of highest optical quality including an imprinted finder grid (μ-Dish Grid-500) are optimally suited for routine correlative light and electron microscopy using chemical fixation. Such dishes allow high-resolution fluorescence and bright-field imaging using fixed and living cells and are compatible with standard protocols for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ease of use during cell culture and imaging, as well as a tight cover render the dishes particularly suitable for working with infectious organisms up to the highest biosafety level. Detailed protocols are provided and demonstrated by showing two examples: monitoring the production of virus-like particles of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K(HML-2) by HeLa cells and investigation of Rab11-positive membrane-compartments of HeLa cells after infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11. Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression positively correlates with angiogenesis and peritumoural brain oedema in astrocytoma International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Jang, F.F.; Wei, W. 2008-01-01 Astrocytoma is the most malignant intracranial neoplasm and is characterized by high neovascularization and peritumoural brain oedema. Angiogenesis is a complicated process in oncogenesis regulated by the balance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. The expression of two angiogenic growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were investigated using immunohistochemistry for astrocytoma from 82 patients and 11 normal human tissues. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor positively correlate with the pathological grade of astrocytoma, microvessel density numbers and brain oedema, which may be responsible for the increased tumour neovascularization and peritumoural brain oedema. The results support the idea that inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor are useful for the treatment of human astrocytoma and to improve patient's clinical outcomes and prognosis. (author) 12. On the use of the autocorrelation and covariance methods for feedforward control of transverse angle and position jitter in linear particle beam accelerators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barr, D.S. 1994-01-01 It is desired to design a predictive feedforward transverse jitter control system to control both angle and position jitter in pulsed linear accelerators. Such a system will increase the accuracy and bandwidth of correction over that of currently available feedback correction systems. Intrapulse correction is performed. An offline process actually ''learns'' the properties of the jitter, and uses these properties to apply correction to the beam. The correction weights calculated offline are downloaded to a real-time analog correction system between macropulses. Jitter data were taken at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) telescope experiment at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The experiment consisted of the LANL telescope connected to the ANL ZGS proton source and linac. A simulation of the correction system using this data was shown to decrease the average rms jitter by a factor of two over that of a comparable standard feedback correction system. The system also improved the correction bandwidth 13. On the use of the autocorrelation and covariance methods for feedforward control of transverse angle and position jitter in linear particle beam accelerators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barr, D.S. 1993-01-01 It is desired to design a predictive feedforward transverse jitter control system to control both angle and position jitter in pulsed linear accelerators. Such a system will increase the accuracy and bandwidth of correction over that of currently available feedback correction systems. Intrapulse correction is performed. An offline process actually open-quotes learnsclose quotes the properties of the jitter, and uses these properties to apply correction to the beam. The correction weights calculated offline are downloaded to a real-time analog correction system between macropulses. Jitter data were taken at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Ground Test Accelerator (GTA) telescope experiment at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The experiment consisted of the LANL telescope connected to the ANL ZGS proton source and linac. A simulation of the correction system using this data was shown to decrease the average rms jitter by a factor of two over that of a comparable standard feedback correction system. The system also improved the correction bandwidth 14. Serum liver fatty acid binding protein levels correlate positively with obesity and insulin resistance in Chinese young adults. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Juan Shi Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP1 plays an inconclusive role in adiposity. We investigated the association of serum FABP1 levels with obesity and insulin resistance in Chinese young people under 30 years old. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Cross-sectional analysis including 200 obese and 172 normal-weight subjects matched for age and sex, anthropometric measurements were performed and serum FABP1 and biochemical characteristics were measured. Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR and by the insulin sensitivity index (S(i derived from Bergman's minimal model. FABP1 levels in obese subjects were significantly higher than those in normal-weight subjects (p<0.001 and the significance remained after adjustment for age, gender, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (p<0.001. Serum FABP1 levels were significantly correlated with many metabolic-related parameters, with BMI and triglycerides as the independent determinants. FABP1 levels remained an independent risk factor of insulin resistance assessed by binary S(i (OR = 1.868 per SD unit, 95% CI [1.035-3.373], p = 0.038 after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol,. FABP1 levels were also elevated with an increasing number of components of the metabolic syndrome (p for trend <0.001. Multiple regression modeling for the MetS and its components demonstrated that hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol were significantly correlated to serum FABP1 levels. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Serum FABP1 correlates positively with obesity and insulin resistance in Chinese young adults. Our data supports the fact that FABP1 might be an important mediator participating in fatty acid metabolism and energy balance. 15. [In patients with Graves' disease signal-averaged P wave duration positively correlates with the degree of thyrotoxicosis]. Science.gov (United States) Czarkowski, Marek; Oreziak, Artur; Radomski, Dariusz 2006-04-01 Coexistence of the goitre, proptosis and palpitations was observed in XIX century for the first time. Sinus tachyarytmias and atrial fibrillation are typical cardiac symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Atrial fibrillation occurs more often in patients with toxic goiter than in young patients with Grave's disease. These findings suggest that causes of atrial fibrillation might be multifactorial in the elderly. The aims of our study were to evaluate correlations between the parameters of atrial signal averaged ECG (SAECG) and the serum concentration of thyroid free hormones. 25 patient with untreated Grave's disease (G-B) (age 29,6 +/- 9,0 y.o.) and 26 control patients (age 29,3 +/- 6,9 y.o.) were enrolled to our study. None of them had history of atrial fibrillation what was confirmed by 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring. The serum fT3, fT4, TSH were determined in the venous blood by the immunoenzymatic method. Atrial SAECG recording with filtration by zero phase Butterworth filter (45-150 Hz) was done in all subjects. The duration of atrial vector magnitude (hfP) and root meat square of terminal 20ms of atrial vector magnitude (RMS20) were analysed. There were no significant differences in values of SAECG parameters (hfP, RMS20) between investigated groups. The positive correlation between hfP and serum fT3 concentration in group G-B was observed (Spearman's correlation coefficient R = 0.462, p Grave's disease depends not only on hyperthyroidism but on serum concentration of fT3 also. 16. An update on modeling dose-response relationships: Accounting for correlated data structure and heterogeneous error variance in linear and nonlinear mixed models. Science.gov (United States) Gonçalves, M A D; Bello, N M; Dritz, S S; Tokach, M D; DeRouchey, J M; Woodworth, J C; Goodband, R D 2016-05-01 Advanced methods for dose-response assessments are used to estimate the minimum concentrations of a nutrient that maximizes a given outcome of interest, thereby determining nutritional requirements for optimal performance. Contrary to standard modeling assumptions, experimental data often present a design structure that includes correlations between observations (i.e., blocking, nesting, etc.) as well as heterogeneity of error variances; either can mislead inference if disregarded. Our objective is to demonstrate practical implementation of linear and nonlinear mixed models for dose-response relationships accounting for correlated data structure and heterogeneous error variances. To illustrate, we modeled data from a randomized complete block design study to evaluate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio dose-response on G:F of nursery pigs. A base linear mixed model was fitted to explore the functional form of G:F relative to Trp:Lys ratios and assess model assumptions. Next, we fitted 3 competing dose-response mixed models to G:F, namely a quadratic polynomial (QP) model, a broken-line linear (BLL) ascending model, and a broken-line quadratic (BLQ) ascending model, all of which included heteroskedastic specifications, as dictated by the base model. The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4) was used to fit the base and QP models and the NLMIXED procedure was used to fit the BLL and BLQ models. We further illustrated the use of a grid search of initial parameter values to facilitate convergence and parameter estimation in nonlinear mixed models. Fit between competing dose-response models was compared using a maximum likelihood-based Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The QP, BLL, and BLQ models fitted on G:F of nursery pigs yielded BIC values of 353.7, 343.4, and 345.2, respectively, thus indicating a better fit of the BLL model. The BLL breakpoint estimate of the SID Trp:Lys ratio was 16.5% (95% confidence interval [16.1, 17.0]). Problems with 17. Low temperature leaf photosynthesis of a Miscanthus germplasm collection correlates positively to shoot growth rate and specific leaf area DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Jiao, Xiurong; Sørensen, Kirsten Kørup; Andersen, Mathias Neumann 2016-01-01 and CO2 response curves were obtained from 11 of the genotypes, and shoot growth rate was measured under field conditions. Key Results A positive linear relationship was found between SLA and light-saturated photosynthesis (Asat) across genotypes, and also between shoot growth rate under cool field...... conditions and A1000 at 14 °C in a climate chamber. When lowering the temperature from 24 to 14 °C, one M. sacchariflorus exhibited significantly higher Asat and maximum photosynthetic rate in the CO2 response curve (Vmax) than other genotypes at 14 °C, except M. × giganteus ‘Hornum’. Several genotypes...... returned to their pre-chilling A1000 values when the temperature was increased to 24 °C after 24 d growth at 14 °C. Conclusions One M. sacchariflorus genotype had similar or higher photosynthetic capacity than M. × giganteus, and may be used for cultivation together with M. × giganteus or for breeding new... 18. An apparatus for high speed measurements of small-angle x-ray scattering profiles with a linear position sensitive detector International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Hashimoto, Takeji; Suehiro, Shoji; Shibayama, Mitsuhiro; Saijo, Kenji; Kawai, Hiromichi 1981-01-01 An apparatus for high speed measurements of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is described. This apparatus utilizes a 12 kW rotating anode X-ray generator, a linear position sensitive proportional counter (multicathode delay line PSPC), and a two-parameter multichannel pulse height analyzer (MCA) with 12 kwords (16 bits/word) memory area available for SAXA intensity data as a function of position (scattering angles) and time slice. The two-parameter MCA is constructed within a microcomputer system, by utilizing its R/W memory for data storage, and the memory incrementing and real-time CRT display is implemented by using two direct memory access (DMA) controllers. The cycle time of the access is about 10 μs. The measuring time for SAXS profiles with this apparatus can be shortened approximately by three orders of magnitude in comparison with the measuring time with SAXS apparatuses utilizing a conventional step-scanning goniometer and a conventional X-ray tube, thus permitting time-resolved analyses of SAXS profiles. Some applications of the apparatus to dynamic SAXS measurements are presented for polymeric systems, the preliminary results of which seem to indicate the possibility of obtaining a new class of data on dynamics in structural transformation, deformation, formation and annihilation in the scale of a few tens to several hundred Angstroms. (author) 19. Two Dimensional Symmetric Correlation Functions of the S Operator and Two Dimensional Fourier Transforms: Considering the Line Coupling for P and R Lines of Linear Molecules Science.gov (United States) Ma, Q.; Boulet, C.; Tipping, R. H. 2014-01-01 The refinement of the Robert-Bonamy (RB) formalism by considering the line coupling for isotropic Raman Q lines of linear molecules developed in our previous study [Q. Ma, C. Boulet, and R. H. Tipping, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 034305 (2013)] has been extended to infrared P and R lines. In these calculations, the main task is to derive diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements of the Liouville operator iS1 - S2 introduced in the formalism. When one considers the line coupling for isotropic Raman Q lines where their initial and final rotational quantum numbers are identical, the derivations of off-diagonal elements do not require extra correlation functions of the ^S operator and their Fourier transforms except for those used in deriving diagonal elements. In contrast, the derivations for infrared P and R lines become more difficult because they require a lot of new correlation functions and their Fourier transforms. By introducing two dimensional correlation functions labeled by two tensor ranks and making variable changes to become even functions, the derivations only require the latters' two dimensional Fourier transforms evaluated at two modulation frequencies characterizing the averaged energy gap and the frequency detuning between the two coupled transitions. With the coordinate representation, it is easy to accurately derive these two dimensional correlation functions. Meanwhile, by using the sampling theory one is able to effectively evaluate their two dimensional Fourier transforms. Thus, the obstacles in considering the line coupling for P and R lines have been overcome. Numerical calculations have been carried out for the half-widths of both the isotropic Raman Q lines and the infrared P and R lines of C2H2 broadened by N2. In comparison with values derived from the RB formalism, new calculated values are significantly reduced and become closer to measurements. 20. A significant positive correlation between endogenous trans-zeatin content and total arsenic in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica var. nervosa. Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Xuemei; Yang, Xiaoyan; Wang, Hongbin; Li, Qinchun; Wang, Haijuan; Li, Yanyan 2017-04-01 A pot experiment was conducted to compare the content of endogenous trans-zeatin (Z), plant arsenic (As) uptake and physiological indices in the fronds of As-hyperaccumulator (Pteris cretica var. nervosa) and non-hyperaccumulator (Pteris ensiformis). Furthermore, a stepwise regression method was used to study the relationship among determined indices, and the time-course effect of main indices was also investigated under 100mg/kg As stress with time extension. In the 100-200mg/kg As treatments, plant height showed no significant difference and endogenous Z content significantly increased in P. cretica var. nervosa compared to the control, but a significant decrease of height and endogenous Z was observed in P. ensiformis. The concentrations of As (III) and As (V) increased significantly in the fronds of two plants, but this increase was much higher in P. cretica var. nervosa. Compared to the control, the contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein were significantly increased in P. cretica var. nervosa but decreased in P. ensiformis in the 200mg/kg As treatment, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the contents of endogenous Z and total As in P. cretica var. nervosa, but such a correlation was not found in P. ensiformis. Additionally, in the time-course effect experiment, a peak value of each index was appeared in the 43rd day in two plants, except for chlorophyll in P. ensiformis, but this value was significantly higher in P. cretica var. nervosa than that in P. ensiformis. In conclusion, a higher endogenous Z content contributed to As accumulation of P. cretica var. nervosa under As stress. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Developmental Associations between Short-Term Variability and Long-Term Changes: Intraindividual Correlation of Positive and Negative Affect in Daily Life and Cognitive Aging Science.gov (United States) Hülür, Gizem; Hoppmann, Christiane A.; Ram, Nilam; Gerstorf, Denis 2015-01-01 Conceptual notions and empirical evidence suggest that the intraindividual correlation (iCorr) of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) is a meaningful characteristic of affective functioning. PA and NA are typically negatively correlated within-person. Previous research has found that the iCorr of PA and NA is relatively stable over time… 2. Linear and spatial correlation of the yield components and soybean yieldCorrelação linear e espacial dos componentes de produção e produtividade da soja Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Morel de Passos e Carvalho 2012-05-01 3. Ergodic channel capacity of spatial correlated multiple-input multiple-output free space optical links using multipulse pulse-position modulation Science.gov (United States) Wang, Huiqin; Wang, Xue; Cao, Minghua 2017-02-01 The spatial correlation extensively exists in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) free space optical (FSO) communication systems due to the channel fading and the antenna space limitation. Wilkinson's method was utilized to investigate the impact of spatial correlation on the MIMO FSO communication system employing multipulse pulse-position modulation. Simulation results show that the existence of spatial correlation reduces the ergodic channel capacity, and the reception diversity is more competent to resist this kind of performance degradation. 4. Effects of a high mean stress on the high cycle fatigue life of PWA 1480 and correlation of data by linear elastic fracture mechanics Science.gov (United States) Majumdar, S.; Kwasny, R. 1985-01-01 High-cycle fatigue tests using 5-mm-diameter smooth specimens were performed on the single crystal alloy PWA 1480 (001 axis) at 70F (room temperature) in air and at 100F (538C) in vacuum (10 to the -6 power torr). Tests were conducted at zero mean stress as well as at high tensile mean stress. The results indicate that, although a tensile mean stress, in general, reduces life, the reduction in fatigue strength, for a given mean stress at a life of one million cycles, is much less than what is predicted by the usual linear Goodman plot. Further, the material appears to be significantly more resistant to mean stress effects at 1000F than at 70F. Metallographic examinations of failed specimens indicate that failures in all cases are initiated from micropores of sizes of the order of 30 to 40 microns. Since the macroscopic stress-strain response in all cases was observed to be linear elastic, linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analyses were carried out to determine the crack growth curves of the material assuming that crack initiation from a micropore (a sub o = 40 microns) occurs very early in life. The results indicate that the calculated crack growth rates at an R (defined as the ratio between minimum stress to maximum stress) value of zero are approximately the same at 70F as at 1000F. However, the calculated crack growth rates at other R ratios, both positive and negative, tend to be higher at 70F than at 1000F. Calculated threshold effects at large R values tend to be independent of temperature in the temperature regime studied. They are relatively constant with increasing R ratio up to a value of about 0.6, beyond which the calculated threshold stress intensity factor range decreases rapidly with increasing R ratios. 5. Correlation of Positive and Negative Reciprocity Fails to Confer an Evolutionary Advantage: Phase Transitions to Elementary Strategies Science.gov (United States) Szolnoki, Attila; Perc, Matjaž 2013-10-01 Economic experiments reveal that humans value cooperation and fairness. Punishing unfair behavior is therefore common, and according to the theory of strong reciprocity, it is also directly related to rewarding cooperative behavior. However, empirical data fail to confirm that positive and negative reciprocity are correlated. Inspired by this disagreement, we determine whether the combined application of reward and punishment is evolutionarily advantageous. We study a spatial public goods game, where in addition to the three elementary strategies of defection, rewarding, and punishment, a fourth strategy that combines the latter two competes for space. We find rich dynamical behavior that gives rise to intricate phase diagrams where continuous and discontinuous phase transitions occur in succession. Indirect territorial competition, spontaneous emergence of cyclic dominance, as well as divergent fluctuations of oscillations that terminate in an absorbing phase are observed. Yet, despite the high complexity of solutions, the combined strategy can survive only in very narrow and unrealistic parameter regions. Elementary strategies, either in pure or mixed phases, are much more common and likely to prevail. Our results highlight the importance of patterns and structure in human cooperation, which should be considered in future experiments. 6. Length of stay for patients undergoing invasive electrode monitoring with stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grids correlates positively with increased institutional profitability. Science.gov (United States) Chan, Alvin Y; Kharrat, Sohayla; Lundeen, Kelly; Mnatsakanyan, Lilit; Sazgar, Mona; Sen-Gupta, Indranil; Lin, Jack J; Hsu, Frank P K; Vadera, Sumeet 2017-06-01 Lowering the length of stay (LOS) is thought to potentially decrease hospital costs and is a metric commonly used to manage capacity. Patients with epilepsy undergoing intracranial electrode monitoring may have longer LOS because the time to seizure is difficult to predict or control. This study investigates the effect of economic implications of increased LOS in patients undergoing invasive electrode monitoring for epilepsy. We retrospectively collected and analyzed patient data for 76 patients who underwent invasive monitoring with either subdural grid (SDG) implantation or stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) over 2 years at our institution. Data points collected included invasive electrode type, LOS, profit margin, contribution margins, insurance type, and complication rates. LOS correlated positively with both profit and contribution margins, meaning that as LOS increased, both the profit and contribution margins rose, and there was a low rate of complications in this patient group. This relationship was seen across a variety of insurance providers. These data suggest that LOS may not be the best metric to assess invasive monitoring patients (i.e., SEEG or SDG), and increased LOS does not necessarily equate with lower or negative institutional financial gain. Further research into LOS should focus on specific specialties, as each may differ in terms of financial implications. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 International League Against Epilepsy. 7. Increased gray matter volume of left pars opercularis in male orchestral musicians correlate positively with years of musical performance. Science.gov (United States) Abdul-Kareem, Ihssan A; Stancak, Andrej; Parkes, Laura M; Sluming, Vanessa 2011-01-01 To compare manual volumetry of gray matter (GM) / white matter (WM) of Broca's area subparts: pars opercularis (POP) and pars triangularis (PTR) in both hemispheres between musicians and nonmusician, as it has been shown that these regions are crucial for musical abilities. A previous voxel-based morphometric (VBM) study conducted in our laboratory reported increased GM density in Broca's area of left hemisphere in male orchestral musicians. Functional segregation of POP/PTR justified separate volumetric analysis of these parts. We used the same cohort for the VBM study. Manual morphometry (stereology) was used to compare volumes between 26/26 right-handed orchestral musicians/nonmusicians. As expected, musicians showed significantly increased GM volume in the Broca's area, specifically in the left POP. No significant results were detected in right POP, left/right PTR GM volumes, and WM volumes for all regions. Results were positively correlated with years of musical performance (r = 0.7, P = 0.0001). This result corroborates the VBM study and is in line with the hypothesis of critical involvement of POP in hearing-action integration being an integral component of frontoparietotemporal mirror neuron network. We hypothesize that increased size of musicians' left POP represent use-dependent structural adaptation in response to intensive audiomotor skill acquisition. Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 8. Secondary syphilis in HIV positive individuals: correlation with histopathologic findings, CD4 counts, and quantity of treponemes in microscopic sections. Science.gov (United States) Rosa, Gabriela; Procop, Gary W; Schold, Jesse D; Piliang, Melissa P 2016-10-01 Although syphilis is uncommon, infection rates are much higher in HIV-infected individuals than the general population. A proposed explanation is impaired cellular immunity with HIV infection. A search of one institution yielded 10 patients with a diagnosis of secondary syphilis on skin biopsy, positive syphilis serology and available CD4 counts. We evaluated 11 biopsies from the 10 patients. We correlated the patients' CD4 counts with the histologic findings and with the number of treponemes on skin biopsies, highlighted by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also compared the detection of spirochetes in silver stained sections (e.g. Warthin-Starry) with T. pallidum IHC. All biopsies were assessed for various histologic features. The sensitivity of IHC to detect treponemes was 64% and of silver stain was 9% (p-value 0.04). The number of treponemes on the biopsies was determined by IHC. High numbers of spirochetes (i.e. >100 per 10 hpf) were only seen in patients with CD4 counts less than 250 cells/ml. The most consistent histologic finding was a moderate to severe lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Although the study is small, it appears that a higher number of spirochetes is associated with CD4 counts less than 250 cell/ml. The T. pallidum IHC stain was vastly superior to the Warthin-Starry stain. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 9. High Frequency of CD8 Positive Lymphocyte Infiltration Correlates with Lack of Lymph Node Involvement in Early Rectal Cancer Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Silvio Däster 2014-01-01 Full Text Available Aims. A trend towards local excision of early rectal cancers has prompted us to investigate if immunoprofiling might help in predicting lymph node involvement in this subgroup. Methods. A tissue microarray of 126 biopsies of early rectal cancer (T1 and T2 was stained for several immunomarkers of the innate and the adaptive immune response. Patients’ survival and nodal status were analyzed and correlated with infiltration of the different immune cells. Results. Of all tested markers, only CD8 (P=0.005 and TIA-1 (P=0.05 were significantly more frequently detectable in early rectal cancer biopsies of node negative as compared to node positive patients. Although these two immunomarkers did not display prognostic effect “per se,” CD8+ and, marginally, TIA-1 T cell infiltration could predict nodal involvement in univariate logistic regression analysis (OR 0.994; 95% CI 0.992–0.996; P=0.009 and OR 0.988; 95% CI 0.984–0.994; P=0.05, resp.. An algorithm significantly predicting the nodal status in early rectal cancer based on CD8 together with vascular invasion and tumor border configuration could be calculated (P<0.00001. Conclusion. Our data indicate that in early rectal cancers absence of CD8+ T-cell infiltration helps in predicting patients’ nodal involvement. 10. Correlation of Positive and Negative Reciprocity Fails to Confer an Evolutionary Advantage: Phase Transitions to Elementary Strategies Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Attila Szolnoki 2013-11-01 Full Text Available Economic experiments reveal that humans value cooperation and fairness. Punishing unfair behavior is therefore common, and according to the theory of strong reciprocity, it is also directly related to rewarding cooperative behavior. However, empirical data fail to confirm that positive and negative reciprocity are correlated. Inspired by this disagreement, we determine whether the combined application of reward and punishment is evolutionarily advantageous. We study a spatial public goods game, where in addition to the three elementary strategies of defection, rewarding, and punishment, a fourth strategy that combines the latter two competes for space. We find rich dynamical behavior that gives rise to intricate phase diagrams where continuous and discontinuous phase transitions occur in succession. Indirect territorial competition, spontaneous emergence of cyclic dominance, as well as divergent fluctuations of oscillations that terminate in an absorbing phase are observed. Yet, despite the high complexity of solutions, the combined strategy can survive only in very narrow and unrealistic parameter regions. Elementary strategies, either in pure or mixed phases, are much more common and likely to prevail. Our results highlight the importance of patterns and structure in human cooperation, which should be considered in future experiments. 11. Dinoflagellate cyst abundance is positively correlated to sediment organic carbon in Sydney Harbour and Botany Bay, NSW, Australia. Science.gov (United States) Tian, Chang; Doblin, Martina A; Dafforn, Katherine A; Johnston, Emma L; Pei, Haiyan; Hu, Wenrong 2018-02-01 There is growing public concern about the global expansion of harmful algal bloom species (HABs), with dinoflagellate microalgae comprising the major portion of the harmful taxa. These motile, unicellular organisms have a lifecycle involving sexual reproduction and resting cyst formation whereby cysts can germinate from sediments and 'seed' planktonic populations. Thus, investigation of dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) distribution in sediments can provide significant insights into HAB dynamics and contribute to indices of habitat quality. Species composition and abundance of dinocysts in relation to sediment characteristics were studied at 18 stations in two densely populated temperate Australian estuaries, Sydney Harbour (Parramatta River/Port Jackson; PS) and Botany Bay (including Georges River; GB). Eighteen dinocyst taxa were identified, dominated by Protoceratium reticulatum and Gonyaulax sp.1 in the PS estuary, together with Archaeperidinium minutum and Gonyaulax sp.1 in the GB estuary. Cysts of Alexandrium catenella, which is one of the causative species of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), were also detected in both estuaries. Out of the measured sediment characteristics (TOC, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), TOC was the parameter explaining most of the variation in dinocyst assemblages and was positively correlated to most of the heavy metals. Given the significant relationship between sediment TOC and dinocyst abundance and heavy metal concentrations, this study suggests that sediment TOC could be broadly used in risk management for potential development of algal blooms and sediment contamination in these estuaries. 12. Relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic position and neighbourhood public green space availability: An environmental inequality analysis in a large German city applying generalized linear models. Science.gov (United States) Schüle, Steffen Andreas; Gabriel, Katharina M A; Bolte, Gabriele 2017-06-01 13. Changes in Allergy Symptoms and Depression Scores Are Positively Correlated In Patients With Recurrent Mood Disorders Exposed to Seasonal Peaks in Aeroallergens Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Teodor T. Postolache 2007-01-01 Full Text Available Although growing evidence supports an association between allergy, allergens and depression, it remains unknown if this relationship is between “states” (possible triggers or “traits” (possible vulnerabilities. We hypothesized that patients with recurrent mood disorders who are sensitized to tree pollen (as determined by allergen specific IgE antibodies, in comparison to those who are not sensitized, would report larger negative changes in mood during exposure to tree pollen in spring. We also hypothesized that differences between high and low tree pollen periods in self reported allergy symptoms would correlate positively with differences in self reported depression scores. We present 1-year preliminary data on the first 51 patients with unipolar or bipolar disorder (age: 19-63 years, 65% female, twelve patients were tree-pollen IgE positive. Ratings of mood and allergic disease status were performed once during the peak airborne pollen counts and once during the period of low airborne pollen counts, as reported by two local pollen counting stations. Linear regression models were developed to examine associations of changes in depression scores (dependent variable with tree pollen sensitization, changes in the allergy symptom severity score, adjusted for gender and order of testing. We did not confirm the hypothesized relationship between a specific tree pollen sensitization and changes in mood during tree pollen exposure. We did confirm the hypothesized positive relationship between the changes in allergy symptoms and changes in subjects' depression scores (adjusted p<0.05. This result is consistent with previous epidemiological evidence connecting allergy with depression, as well as our recent reports of increased expression of cytokines in the prefrontal cortex in victims of suicide and in experimental animals sensitized and exposed to tree pollen. A relationship between changes in allergy symptom scores and changes in depression 14. Linear correlation between components production and yield of rice upland in no-tillage Correlação linear entre componentes da produção e produtividade do arroz de terras altas em sistema plantio direto Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Amilton Ferreira da Silva 2012-10-01 15. Serum galectin-1 levels are positively correlated with body fat and negatively with fasting glucose in obese children. Science.gov (United States) Acar, Sezer; Paketçi, Ahu; Küme, Tuncay; Tuhan, Hale; Gürsoy Çalan, Özlem; Demir, Korcan; Böber, Ece; Abacı, Ayhan 2017-09-01 Galectin-1, a recently identified peptide, is primarily released from the adipose tissue. Although galectin-1 was shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect, its specific function is not clearly understood. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of serum galectin-1 levels with clinical and laboratory parameters in childhood obesity. A total of 45 obese children (mean age: 12.1±3.1years) and 35 normal-weight children (mean age: 11.8±2.2years) were enrolled. Clinical [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat and blood pressure] and biochemical [glucose, insulin, lipids, galectin-1, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and leptin levels] parameters were assessed. Serum galectin-1, hsCRP and leptin levels were significantly higher in obese children than those in normal-weight children (12.4 vs 10.2ng/mL, pobese children, galectin-1 levels correlated negatively with fasting glucose (r=-0.346, p=0.020) and positively with fat mass (r=0.326, p=0.026) and WC standard deviation score (SDS) (r=0.451, p=0.002). The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that serum galectin-1 levels were significantly associated with fasting glucose and WC SDS. This study showed that obese children had significantly higher galectin-1 levels in proportion to fat mass in obese cases than those in healthy children, which may be interpreted as a compensatory increase in an attempt to improve glucose metabolism. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16. Measuring DHEA-S in saliva: time of day differences and positive correlations between two different types of collection methods Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Klein Laura C 2010-07-01 Full Text Available Abstract Background The anabolic steroid, dehydroepiandosterone sulfate (DHEA-S, is secreted from the adrenal cortex. It plays a significant role in the body as a precursor to sex steroids as well as a lesser known role in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA response to stress. DHEA-S can be measured reliably in saliva, making saliva collection a valuable tool for health research because it minimizes the need for invasive sampling procedures (e.g., blood draws. Typical saliva collection methods include the use of plain cotton swab collection devices (e.g., Salivette® or passive drool. There has been some speculation that the plain saliva cotton collection device may interfere with determination of DHEA-S by enzyme immunoassay (EIA bringing this saliva collection method into question. Because of the increasing popularity of salivary biomarker research, we sought to determine whether the cotton swab interferes with DHEA-S determination through EIA techniques. Findings Fifty-six healthy young adult men and women aged 18-30 years came to the lab in the morning (0800 hrs; 14 men, 14 women or late afternoon (1600 hrs; 14 men, 14 women and provided saliva samples via cotton Salivette and passive drool. Passive drool collection was taken first to minimize particle cross contamination from the cotton swab. Samples were assayed for DHEA-S in duplicate using a commercially available kit (DSL, Inc., Webster, TX. DHEA-S levels collected via Salivette and passive drool were positively correlated (r = + 0.83, p Conclusions Results suggest that DHEA-S can be measured accurately using passive drool or cotton Salivette collection methods. Results also suggest that DHEA-S levels change across the day and that future studies need to take this time of day difference into account when measuring DHEA-S. 17. The coefficient of determination R2 and intra-class correlation coefficient from generalized linear mixed-effects models revisited and expanded. Science.gov (United States) Nakagawa, Shinichi; Johnson, Paul C D; Schielzeth, Holger 2017-09-01 The coefficient of determination R 2 quantifies the proportion of variance explained by a statistical model and is an important summary statistic of biological interest. However, estimating R 2 for generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) remains challenging. We have previously introduced a version of R 2 that we called [Formula: see text] for Poisson and binomial GLMMs, but not for other distributional families. Similarly, we earlier discussed how to estimate intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) using Poisson and binomial GLMMs. In this paper, we generalize our methods to all other non-Gaussian distributions, in particular to negative binomial and gamma distributions that are commonly used for modelling biological data. While expanding our approach, we highlight two useful concepts for biologists, Jensen's inequality and the delta method, both of which help us in understanding the properties of GLMMs. Jensen's inequality has important implications for biologically meaningful interpretation of GLMMs, whereas the delta method allows a general derivation of variance associated with non-Gaussian distributions. We also discuss some special considerations for binomial GLMMs with binary or proportion data. We illustrate the implementation of our extension by worked examples from the field of ecology and evolution in the R environment. However, our method can be used across disciplines and regardless of statistical environments. © 2017 The Author(s). 18. Positive schizotypy scores correlate with left visual field interference for negatively valenced emotional words: A lateralized emotional stroop study NARCIS (Netherlands) Strien, J.W.; van Kampen, D. 2010-01-01 Fourteen men scoring high and 14 men scoring low on a positive schizotypy scale participated in a lateralized emotional Stroop task. Vocal reaction times for color naming of neutral, positive and negative emotional words were recorded. Across participants, the color naming of neutral and emotional 19. Mental and physical health correlates among family caregivers of patients with newly-diagnosed incurable cancer: a hierarchical linear regression analysis. Science.gov (United States) Shaffer, Kelly M; Jacobs, Jamie M; Nipp, Ryan D; Carr, Alaina; Jackson, Vicki A; Park, Elyse R; Pirl, William F; El-Jawahri, Areej; Gallagher, Emily R; Greer, Joseph A; Temel, Jennifer S 2017-03-01 Caregiver, relational, and patient factors have been associated with the health of family members and friends providing care to patients with early-stage cancer. Little research has examined whether findings extend to family caregivers of patients with incurable cancer, who experience unique and substantial caregiving burdens. We examined correlates of mental and physical health among caregivers of patients with newly-diagnosed incurable lung or non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancer. At baseline for a trial of early palliative care, caregivers of participating patients (N = 275) reported their mental and physical health (Medical Outcome Survey-Short Form-36); patients reported their quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General). Analyses used hierarchical linear regression with two-tailed significance tests. Caregivers' mental health was worse than the U.S. national population (M = 44.31, p caregiver, relational, and patient factors simultaneously revealed that younger (B = 0.31, p = .001), spousal caregivers (B = -8.70, p = .003), who cared for patients reporting low emotional well-being (B = 0.51, p = .01) reported worse mental health; older (B = -0.17, p = .01) caregivers with low educational attainment (B = 4.36, p family caregivers of patients with incurable cancer, caregiver demographics, relational factors, and patient-specific factors were all related to caregiver mental health, while caregiver demographics were primarily associated with caregiver physical health. These findings help identify characteristics of family caregivers at highest risk of poor mental and physical health who may benefit from greater supportive care. 20. Tackler’s head position relative to the ball carrier is highly correlated with head and neck injuries in rugby Science.gov (United States) Hasegawa, Yoshinori; Shiota, Yuki; Ota, Chihiro; Yoneda, Takeshi; Tahara, Shigeyuki; Maki, Nobukazu; Matsuura, Takahiro; Sekiguchi, Masahiro; Itoigawa, Yoshiaki; Tateishi, Tomohiko; Kaneko, Kazuo 2018-01-01 1. Correlated Dirac semimetallic state with unusual positive magnetoresistance in strain-free perovskite SrIrO3 Science.gov (United States) Fujioka, J.; Okawa, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Tokura, Y. 2017-03-01 We investigated magnetotransport properties and charge dynamics of strain-free perovskite SrIrO3. Both the longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistivity (MR) are significantly enhanced with decreasing temperature, in accord with the evolution of the Dirac semimetallic state. The electron correlation effect in the Dirac state shows up as a dramatic change in charge dynamics with temperature and as an enhanced paramagnetic susceptibility. We propose that the field-induced topological transition of the Dirac node coupled to the enhanced paramagnetism causes the unique MR of correlated Dirac electrons. 2. Types of work-family interface: well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family. Science.gov (United States) Kinnunen, Ulla; Feldt, Taru; Geurts, Sabine; Pulkkinen, Lea 2006-04-01 The aim of the present study was to test the structure of the work-family interface measure, which was intended to take into account both the positive and negative spillover between work and family demands in both directions. In addition, the links among the types of work-family spillover and the subjects' general and domain-specific well-being were examined. The sample (n = 202) consisted of Finnish employees, aged 42, who had a spouse/partner. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a four-factor model, including negative work-to-family spillover, negative family-to-work spillover, positive work-to-family spillover, and positive family-to-work spillover, was superior compared to the other factor models examined. Path analysis showed, as hypothesized, that the negative work-to-family spillover was most strongly related to low well-being at work (job exhaustion) and next strongly to low general well-being (psychological distress), whereas the negative family-to-work spillover was associated with low well-being in the domain of family (marital dissatisfaction). Positive work-to-family spillover was positively related both to well-being at work and general well-being. Inconsistent with our expectations, positive family-to-work spillover was not directly related to any of the well-being indicators examined. 3. Preoperative apolipoprotein CI levels correlate positively with the proinflammatory response in patients experiencing endotoxemia following elective cardiac surgery NARCIS (Netherlands) Schippers, E.F.; Berbée, J.F.P.; Disseldorp, I.M. van; Versteegh, M.I.M.; Havekes, L.M.; Rensen, P.C.N.; Dissel, J.T. van 2008-01-01 Objective: Experimental models show that apolipoprotein CI (apoCI) binds and enhances the inflammatory response to endotoxin. We studied in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) and experiencing endotoxemia during reperfusion whether plasma apoCI levels correlate with the 4. Types of work-family interface: well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family NARCIS (Netherlands) Kinnunen, U.; Feldt, T.; Geurts, S.A.E.; Pulkkinen, L. 2006-01-01 The aim of the present study was to test the structure of the work-family interface measure, which was intended to take into account both the positive and negative spillover between work and family demands in both directions. In addition, the links among the types of work-family spillover and the 5. Siblings of Individuals with Smith-Magenis Syndrome: An Investigation of the Correlates of Positive and Negative Behavioural Traits Science.gov (United States) Moshier, M. S.; York, T. P.; Silberg, J. L.; Elsea, S. H. 2012-01-01 Background: Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately one out of 25 000 births worldwide. To date, no research has been conducted to investigate how having an individual with SMS in a family is a positive or negative influence on siblings. Methods: To investigate this question we conducted a study… 6. Positive expression of p53, c-erbB2 and MRP proteins is correlated with survival rates of NSCLC patients. Science.gov (United States) Xu, Yujin; Wang, Liancong; Zheng, Xiao; Liu, Guan; Wang, Yuezhen; Lai, Xiaojing; Li, Jianqiang 2013-05-01 The incidence of lung cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive importance of p53, c-erbB2 and multidrug resistance proteins (MRP) expression and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Expression of p53, c-erbB2 and MRP proteins in 152 tumor samples from resected primary NSCLCs was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of proteins, survival and clinicopathological characteristics was investigated in 152 patients undergoing potentially curative surgery. The positive rates of p53, c-erbB2 and MRP expression were 53.9 (82/152), 44.1 (67/152) and 43.4% (66/152), respectively. Overall survival rates of patients were markedly correlated with the overexpression of p53, c-erbB2 and MRP proteins. One, 2- and 3-year survival rates of patients exhibiting a positive expression of these proteins were 72.6, 54.8 and 32.2%, respectively. These rates were lower compared with those of patients with a negative expression of these proteins (92.1, 78.5 and 63.4%) (P=0.02, 0.01 or 0.00, respectively). Results of Cox's regression analysis showed that c-erbB2 expression and cell differentiation were independent prognostic factors in patients with NSCLC. These findings suggest that the positive expression of p53, c-erbB2 and MRP proteins is correlated with the survival rates of NSCLC patients. Detection of positive p53, c-erbB2 and MRP expression may be a useful predictive indicator of prognosis. Positive c-erbB2 expression is an independent prognostic factor, with a potential to be used as a predictive indicator of chemotherapy efficacy in NSCLC patients. 7. Interelement correlations in plants International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Markert, B. 1987-01-01 The concentration of 25 elements in 4 plant species (Citrus aurantia, Brassica oleracea, Lycopersicon esculentum and Pinus strobus) were linearly correlated. For some element pairs (Ce-Fe, Ce-Ni, Ce-Sb, Ce-Sc, Ce-Zn, Fe-Sb, Fe-Sc, Fe-U, Fe-Zn, K-Cd, La-U, Ni-Sb, Sc-U and Sc-Zn) a high positive correlation coefficient (r = +1) was found. The element pairs Ca-Mg, Hg-U, Ni-Sr and Sr-Zn show a significant negative correlation (r = -1). Plants seem to process some constant interelement relations, independent of plant species. (orig.) 8. The application in detection the position accuracy of the multi-leaf collimator of Varian linear accelerator with dynamic therapy log files International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Li Changhu; Xu Liming; Teng Jianjian; Ge Wei; Zhang Jun; Ma Guangdong 2010-01-01 Objective: To explorer the application in detection the position accuracy of the multileaf collimator of Varian accelerator with dynamic therapy log files. Methods: A pre-designed MLC format files named PMLC for two Varian accelerators, the dynamic treatment log files were recorded 10 times on a different date, and be converted into the MLC format files named DMLC, compared with the original plan PMLC, so we can analysis two files for each leaf position deviation. In addition, we analysis the repeatability of MLC leaves position accuracy between 10 dynalog files of two accelerators. Results: No statistically significant difference between the average position of the 10 times leaf position of the two accelerators,their were 0.29 -0.29 and 0.29 -0.30 (z = -0.77, P=0.442). About 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% of the leaf position deviation was at ≤0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. the maximum value was 0.5 mm. More than 86% of the leaf position are completely coincident between 10 dynamic treatment files of two accelerators. The rate of position deviation no more 0. 05 mm was 96. 6% and 97.3%, respectively. And the maximum value was 0.09 mm. Conclusions: Dynamic treatment log file is a splendid tool in testing the actual position of multi-leaf collimator. The multi-leaf collimator of two accelerators be detected are precise and stabilized. (authors) 9. Brain Oscillatory Correlates of Altered Executive Functioning in Positive and Negative Symptomatic Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Controls. Science.gov (United States) Berger, Barbara; Minarik, Tamas; Griesmayr, Birgit; Stelzig-Schoeler, Renate; Aichhorn, Wolfgang; Sauseng, Paul 2016-01-01 Working Memory and executive functioning deficits are core characteristics of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Electrophysiological research indicates that altered patterns of neural oscillatory mechanisms underpinning executive functioning are associated with the psychiatric disorder. Such brain oscillatory changes have been found in local amplitude differences at gamma and theta frequencies in task-specific cortical areas. Moreover, interregional interactions are also disrupted as signified by decreased phase coherence of fronto-posterior theta activity in schizophrenia patients. However, schizophrenia is not a one-dimensional psychiatric disorder but has various forms and expressions. A common distinction is between positive and negative symptomatology but most patients have both negative and positive symptoms to some extent. Here, we examined three groups-healthy controls, predominantly negative, and predominantly positive symptomatic schizophrenia patients-when performing a working memory task with increasing cognitive demand and increasing need for executive control. We analyzed brain oscillatory activity in the three groups separately and investigated how predominant symptomatology might explain differences in brain oscillatory patterns. Our results indicate that differences in task specific fronto-posterior network activity (i.e., executive control network) expressed by interregional phase synchronization are able to account for working memory dysfunctions between groups. Local changes in the theta and gamma frequency range also show differences between patients and healthy controls, and more importantly, between the two patient groups. We conclude that differences in oscillatory brain activation patterns related to executive processing can be an indicator for positive and negative symptomatology in schizophrenia. Furthermore, changes in cognitive and especially executive functioning in patients are expressed by alterations in a task-specific fronto 10. Linear algebra CERN Document Server Shilov, Georgi E 1977-01-01 Covers determinants, linear spaces, systems of linear equations, linear functions of a vector argument, coordinate transformations, the canonical form of the matrix of a linear operator, bilinear and quadratic forms, Euclidean spaces, unitary spaces, quadratic forms in Euclidean and unitary spaces, finite-dimensional space. Problems with hints and answers. 11. Resting venous plasma adrenalin in 70-year-old men correlated positively to survival in a population study: the significance of the physical working capacity DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Christensen, Niels Juel; Schultz-Larsen, K 1994-01-01 in a comprehensive medical examination. INTERVENTIONS. Plasma NA and A were measured in blood samples collected after the subjects had rested in the supine position for 15 min. The subjects have now been followed for 7 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Seven years later, 115 men and 63 women had died. RESULTS. Cox...... of physical working capacity was included in the Cox regression analysis, both plasma NA and plasma A became insignificant, whereas a strong positive correlation appeared between physical working capacity and survival (P 12. Correlation between HBsAg, prothrombin time activity, and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) FAN Wenhai 2016-11-01 Full Text Available ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between HBsAg, prothrombin time activity (PTA, and indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG R15 in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection. MethodsA total of 92 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection who were admitted to The First Hospital of Lanzhou University from December 2015 to April 2016 were enrolled and divided into chronic hepatitis B (CHB group (24 patients, compensated liver cirrhosis group (38 patients, and decompensated liver cirrhosis group (30 patients. Serum HBsAg quantitation, PTA test, and liver reserve function test (ICG R15 were performed for all patients. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, an analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and a Pearson correlation analysis was also performed. ResultsThere were significant differences between the three groups in serum HBsAg quantitation (3.82±0.43 log10IU/ml vs 2.88±0.36 log10IU/ml vs 2.60±0.27 log10IU/ml, F=25.19, P＜0.001, ICG R15 (7.51%±3.10% vs 9.57%±8.18% vs 24.13%±14.28%, F=24.00, P=0.001, and PTA (8100%±1762% vs 83.08%±9.64% vs 62.32%±16.90%, F=13.42, P=0.009. The correlation analysis showed that PTA was negatively correlated with ICG R15 in all three groups (r=-0.948, -0.602, and -0.735, all P＜0.01. In the compensated liver cirrhosis group and decompensated liver cirrhosis group, HBsAg was positively correlated with PTA (r=0.410 and 0.473, both P＜0.05 and negatively correlated with ICG R15 (r=-0.427 and -0.768, P＜0.01. ConclusionIn HBeAg positive patients, there are certain correlations between HBsAg, PTA, and ICG R15, which, to a certain degree, reflects the liver reserve function in patients with chronic HBV infection. 13. The number of genes encoding repeat domain-containing proteins positively correlates with genome size in amoebal giant viruses Science.gov (United States) Shukla, Avi; Chatterjee, Anirvan 2018-01-01 Abstract Curiously, in viruses, the virion volume appears to be predominantly driven by genome length rather than the number of proteins it encodes or geometric constraints. With their large genome and giant particle size, amoebal viruses (AVs) are ideally suited to study the relationship between genome and virion size and explore the role of genome plasticity in their evolutionary success. Different genomic regions of AVs exhibit distinct genealogies. Although the vertically transferred core genes and their functions are universally conserved across the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) families and are essential for their replication, the horizontally acquired genes are variable across families and are lineage-specific. When compared with other giant virus families, we observed a near–linear increase in the number of genes encoding repeat domain-containing proteins (RDCPs) with the increase in the genome size of AVs. From what is known about the functions of RDCPs in bacteria and eukaryotes and their prevalence in the AV genomes, we envisage important roles for RDCPs in the life cycle of AVs, their genome expansion, and plasticity. This observation also supports the evolution of AVs from a smaller viral ancestor by the acquisition of diverse gene families from the environment including RDCPs that might have helped in host adaption. PMID:29308275 14. Production of positive pions from polarized protons by linearly polarized photons in the energy region 300--420 MeV Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Get' man, V.A.; Gorbenko, V.G.; Grushin, V.F.; Derkach, A.Y.; Zhebrovskii, Y.V.; Karnaukhov, I.M.; Kolesnikov, L.Y.; Luchanin, A.A.; Rubashkin, A.L.; Sanin, V.M.; Sorokin, P.V.; Sporov, E.A.; Telegin, Y.N.; Shalatskii, S.V. 1980-10-01 A technique for measurement of the polarization observables ..sigma.., P, and T for the reaction ..gamma..p..-->..n..pi../sup +/ in a doubly polarized experiment (polarized proton target + linearly polarized photon beam) is described. Measurements of the angular distributions of these observables in the range of pion emission angles 30--150/sup 0/ are presented for four photon energies from 300 to 420 MeV. Inclusion of the new experimental data in an energy-independent multipole analysis of photoproduction from protons permits a more reliable selection of solutions to be made. 15. False-positive liver scans due to portal hypertension: correlation with percutaneous transhepatic portograms in 33 patients International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Takayasu, K.; Moriyama, N.; Suzuki, M.; Yamada, T.; Fukutake, T.; Shima, Y.; Kobayashi, C.; Musha, H.; Okuda, K. 1983-01-01 Tc-99m-phytate scanning of the liver and percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein were performed in 33 patients--26 with cirrhosis, 3 with chronic active hepatitis, 2 with idiopathic portal hypertension, and 2 with unresolved acute hepatitis. A discrete defect in the porta hepatis area was seen in 6 of 28 patients who had portal vein pressure above 200 mm H2O. In 5 of the 6 patients with a false-positive scan, the umbilical portion of the left portal vein branch was dilated (larger than 25 x 20 mm) on the portogram, with or without a patent paraumbilical vein. The anatomical basis of this phenomenon is discussed, and it is suggested that this area be given special attention 16. On the positive correlation between education and fertility intentions in Europe: Individual- and country-level evidence☆ Science.gov (United States) Testa, Maria Rita 2014-01-01 Increasing shares of European women are making large investments in their human capital. Whether and to what extent these investments are in conflict with reproductive behaviour are issues that have repercussions for fertility levels. Using two Eurobarometer survey data (2006 and 2011) on individuals clustered in the 27 EU countries, I investigate the relationship between women's education and lifetime fertility intentions. Results suggest that a positive association between women's level of education and lifetime fertility intentions exists at both the individual and country levels, as well as in a micro–macro integrated framework. The main explanation for these findings—which remains to be proven by future research—is that, in institutional contexts allowing highly educated women to have large families, women of reproductive ages are more prone to make investments in both human capital and family size, because these choices are not seen as incompatible alternatives. PMID:26047540 17. Positive Correlation of Serum Adiponectin with Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Affected by Metabolic Syndrome Status. Science.gov (United States) 2016-04-01 18. Inverse correlation between the standard deviation of R-R intervals in supine position and the simplified menopausal index in women with climacteric symptoms. Science.gov (United States) Yanagihara, Nobuyuki; Seki, Meikan; Nakano, Masahiro; Hachisuga, Toru; Goto, Yukio 2014-06-01 Disturbance of autonomic nervous activity has been thought to play a role in the climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women. This study was therefore designed to investigate the relationship between autonomic nervous activity and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal Japanese women. The autonomic nervous activity of 40 Japanese women with climacteric symptoms and 40 Japanese women without climacteric symptoms was measured by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability using a standard hexagonal radar chart. The scores for climacteric symptoms were determined using the simplified menopausal index. Sympathetic excitability and irritability, as well as the standard deviation of mean R-R intervals in supine position, were significantly (P standard deviation of mean R-R intervals in supine position and the simplified menopausal index score. The lack of control for potential confounding variables was a limitation of this study. In climacteric women, the standard deviation of mean R-R intervals in supine position is negatively correlated with the simplified menopausal index score. 19. Correlation between Podoplanin-positive Lymphatic Microvessel Density 
and CT Characteristics of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Hui ZHOU 2012-01-01 Full Text Available Background and objective It has been proven that ymphatic microvessel density (LMVD was closely correlated with the lymphatic metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between podoplanin-LMVD and multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT characteristics of NSCLC. Methods MSCT scanning was performed on 34 cases of NSCLC (squamous carcinoma, 15 cases; adenocarcinoma, 15 cases; and adenosquamous carcinoma, 4 cases prior to operation. Clinical pathology results, including lymph node metastasis, were obtained. CT characteristics, such as shape of the edge, internal structure, and adjacent structures, were described. LMVD in the central and peripheral areas examined respectively using SP immunohistochemical technique were analyzed. Results Lymph node metastasis was found to be associated with LMVD in the peripheral areas. LMVD in the peripheral areas of the resected lesions, the MSCT findings of which included spinous process, pleural indentation, and carcinomatous lymphangitis, was higher than that of the lesions without these MSCT characteristics (P<0.05. Conclusion MSCT findings of spinous process, pleural indentation, or carcinomatous lymphangitis of NSCLC may suggest a higher level of tumor lymphangiogenesis with a higher risk of lymph node metastasis. 20. Circulating carotenoid concentrations are positively correlated with later clutch initiation in Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens). Science.gov (United States) Heiss, Rebecca S; Cohen, Alan A; Bowman, Reed; Boughton, Raoul K; Bridge, Eli; McGraw, Kevin J; Schoech, Stephan J 2011-02-01 Antioxidants play key roles in preventing free radical damage to various molecules, cells, and tissues, but it is not well understood how variation in antioxidant levels may relate to the reproductive success or health of wild animals. We explored the relationship between circulating antioxidant concentrations and both body condition and timing of reproduction in male and female Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens), a cooperatively breeding passerine bird. We examined whether levels of uric acid, vitamin E, and carotenoids (all potentially important antioxidants) were linked to body condition and timing of reproduction, two measures that are directly related to reproductive success. Antioxidant concentrations were not correlated with body condition, but they were related to timing of first clutch initiation, though not always in the predicted direction. Elevated circulating levels of carotenoids were associated with delayed clutch initiation in female breeders. Relatively higher vitamin E levels in control birds were associated with earlier clutch initiation, whereas male breeders that received long-term food supplementation had elevated levels of vitamin E and delayed reproduction. Several potential explanations for the link between elevated levels of antioxidants and delayed clutch initiation are discussed. Separate explanations for each sex include, but are not limited to, oxidative stress as a result of territory defense efforts in males, different dietary regimes due to supplementation, and mobilized plasma antioxidants in females that were coping with a stressor. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 1. Evidence of circadian rhythm, oxygen regulation capacity, metabolic repeatability and positive correlations between forced and spontaneous maximal metabolic rates in lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jon C Svendsen Full Text Available Animal metabolic rate is variable and may be affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, but such relationships remain poorly understood in many primitive fishes, including members of the family Acipenseridae (sturgeons. Using juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens, the objective of this study was to test four hypotheses: 1 A. fulvescens exhibits a circadian rhythm influencing metabolic rate and behaviour; 2 A. fulvescens has the capacity to regulate metabolic rate when exposed to environmental hypoxia; 3 measurements of forced maximum metabolic rate (MMR(F are repeatable in individual fish; and 4 MMR(F correlates positively with spontaneous maximum metabolic rate (MMR(S. Metabolic rates were measured using intermittent flow respirometry, and a standard chase protocol was employed to elicit MMR(F. Trials lasting 24 h were used to measure standard metabolic rate (SMR and MMR(S. Repeatability and correlations between MMR(F and MMR(S were analyzed using residual body mass corrected values. Results revealed that A. fulvescens exhibit a circadian rhythm in metabolic rate, with metabolism peaking at dawn. SMR was unaffected by hypoxia (30% air saturation (O(2sat, demonstrating oxygen regulation. In contrast, MMR(F was affected by hypoxia and decreased across the range from 100% O(2sat to 70% O(2sat. MMR(F was repeatable in individual fish, and MMR(F correlated positively with MMR(S, but the relationships between MMR(F and MMR(S were only revealed in fish exposed to hypoxia or 24 h constant light (i.e. environmental stressor. Our study provides evidence that the physiology of A. fulvescens is influenced by a circadian rhythm and suggests that A. fulvescens is an oxygen regulator, like most teleost fish. Finally, metabolic repeatability and positive correlations between MMR(F and MMR(S support the conjecture that MMR(F represents a measure of organism performance that could be a target of natural selection. 2. Positive expression of LSD1 and negative expression of E-cadherin correlate with metastasis and poor prognosis of colon cancer. Science.gov (United States) Jie, Ding; Zhongmin, Zhang; Guoqing, Liao; Sheng, Liu; Yi, Zhang; Jing, Wen; Liang, Zeng 2013-06-01 3. Maternal serum lead level during pregnancy is positively correlated with risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Li, Jun; Wang, Hua; Hao, Jia-Hu; Chen, Yuan-Hua; Liu, Lu; Yu, Zhen; Fu, Lin; Tao, Fang-Biao; Xu, De-Xiang 2017-01-01 Lead (Pb) is a well-known developmental toxicant. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between maternal serum Pb level and risk of preterm birth in a population-based birth cohort study. The present study analyzed a sub-study of the China-Anhui Birth Cohort that recruited 3125 eligible mother-and-singleton-offspring pairs. Maternal serum Pb level was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. All subjects were classified into three groups by tertile division according to serum Pb level: Low-Pb (L-Pb, <1.18 μg/dl), Medium-Pb (M-Pb, 1.18–1.70 μg/dl), and High-Pb (H-Pb, ≥1.71 μg/dl). The rate of preterm birth was 2.8% among subjects with L-Pb, 6.1% among subjects with M-Pb, and 8.1% among subjects with H-Pb, respectively. After controlling confounding factors, the adjusted OR for preterm birth was 2.33 (95%CI: 1.49, 3.65) among subjects with M-Pb and 3.09 (95%CI: 2.01, 4.76) among subjects with H-Pb. Of interest, maternal Pb exposure in early gestational stage than in middle gestational stage was more susceptible to preterm birth. Moreover, maternal serum Pb level was only associated with increased risk of late preterm birth. The present study provides evidence that maternal serum Pb level during pregnancy is positively associated with risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population. - Highlights: • Environmental Pb exposure during pregnancy elevates risk of preterm birth. • Environmental Pb exposure during pregnancy elevates risk of moderate and late preterm birth. • Environmental Pb exposure at early or middle gestational stage elevates risk of preterm birth. - Maternal serum Pb level during pregnancy is positively associated with risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population. 4. Entorhinal cortex volume measured with 3T MRI is positively correlated with the Wechsler memory scale-revised logical/verbal memory score for healthy subjects International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Goto, Masami; Abe, Osamu; Takao, Hidemasa; Inano, Sachiko; Mori, Harushi; Kunimatsu, Akira; Ohtomo, Kuni; Miyati, Tosiaki; Yoshikawa, Takeharu; Hayashi, Naoto; Kabasawa, Hiroyuki; Aoki, Shigeki; Ino, Kenji; Iida, Kyouhito; Yano, Keiichi 2011-01-01 Previous studies revealed a correlation between local brain volume and cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between local gray matter volume and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) logical/verbal memory (WMS-R-verbal) score in healthy adults using a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained in 1,169 healthy adults. The T1-weighted images in native space were bias-corrected, spatially normalized, and segmented into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid images with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5. To investigate regionally the specific effects of the WMS-R-verbal score on the gray matter images, simple regression analysis was performed by VBM treating age, total intracranial volume, and gender as confounding covariates. A P value of less than 0.05 corrected with false discovery rate in voxel difference was considered to be statistically significant. Our study showed a significant positive correlation between the WMS-R-verbal score and the bilateral entorhinal cortex volume. In the right entorhinal, T value is 4.75, and the size of the clusters is 155 voxels. In the left entorhinal, T value is 4.08, and the size of the clusters is 23 voxels. A significant negative correlation was not found. To our knowledge, this is the first VBM study showing that entorhinal cortex volume is positively correlated with the WMS-R-verbal score for healthy subjects. Therefore, in our structural neuroimaging study, we add evidence to the hypothesis that the entorhinal cortex is involved in verbal memory processing. (orig.) 5. Entorhinal cortex volume measured with 3T MRI is positively correlated with the Wechsler memory scale-revised logical/verbal memory score for healthy subjects Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Goto, Masami [University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan); Kanazawa University, Tsunomatyou, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa (Japan); Abe, Osamu; Takao, Hidemasa; Inano, Sachiko; Mori, Harushi; Kunimatsu, Akira; Ohtomo, Kuni [University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Radiology, Tokyo (Japan); Miyati, Tosiaki [Kanazawa University, Tsunomatyou, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa (Japan); Yoshikawa, Takeharu; Hayashi, Naoto [University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, Tokyo (Japan); Kabasawa, Hiroyuki [GE Healthcare, Japan Applied Science Laboratory, Hino (Japan); Aoki, Shigeki [Juntendo University, Department of Radiology, Tokyo (Japan); Ino, Kenji; Iida, Kyouhito; Yano, Keiichi [University of Tokyo Hospital, Department of Radiological Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo (Japan) 2011-08-15 Previous studies revealed a correlation between local brain volume and cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between local gray matter volume and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) logical/verbal memory (WMS-R-verbal) score in healthy adults using a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained in 1,169 healthy adults. The T1-weighted images in native space were bias-corrected, spatially normalized, and segmented into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid images with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5. To investigate regionally the specific effects of the WMS-R-verbal score on the gray matter images, simple regression analysis was performed by VBM treating age, total intracranial volume, and gender as confounding covariates. A P value of less than 0.05 corrected with false discovery rate in voxel difference was considered to be statistically significant. Our study showed a significant positive correlation between the WMS-R-verbal score and the bilateral entorhinal cortex volume. In the right entorhinal, T value is 4.75, and the size of the clusters is 155 voxels. In the left entorhinal, T value is 4.08, and the size of the clusters is 23 voxels. A significant negative correlation was not found. To our knowledge, this is the first VBM study showing that entorhinal cortex volume is positively correlated with the WMS-R-verbal score for healthy subjects. Therefore, in our structural neuroimaging study, we add evidence to the hypothesis that the entorhinal cortex is involved in verbal memory processing. (orig.) 6. Correlates of Unstructured Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption in a Cohort of HIV-Positive Individuals in British Columbia Science.gov (United States) Samji, Hasina; Chen, Yalin; Salters, Kate; Montaner, Julio S. G.; Hogg, Robert S. 2014-01-01 Treatment interruptions (TIs) limit the therapeutic success of combination antiretroviral therapy and are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. HIV-positive individuals dealing with concurrent health issues, access challenges and competing life demands are hypothesized to be more likely to interrupt treatment. Individuals were included if they initiated cART ≥1 year prior to interview date and had a CD4 cell count or initial regimen recorded at initiation. Using pharmacy recording, TIs were defined as a patient-initiated interruption in treatment ≥90 consecutive days during the 12 months preceding or following the study interview. 117 (15%) of 768 participants included in this study had a TI during the study window. 76.0% of participants were male, 27.5% were of Aboriginal ethnicity and the median age was 46 (interquartile range (IQR): 40–52). In multivariable logistic regression, TIs were significantly associated with current illicit drug use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–2.68); perception of overall health (aOR: 1.64 95% CI: 1.05–2.55); being unemployed (aOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.16–4.23); and younger age at interview (aOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44–0.75, per 10 year increment). Addressing socioeconomic barriers to treatment retention is vital for supporting the continuous engagement of patients in care. PMID:24781638 7. Outcome correlation of smear-positivity but culture-negativity during standard anti-tuberculosis treatment in Taiwan. Science.gov (United States) Chao, Wen-Cheng; Huang, Yi-Wen; Yu, Ming-Chih; Yang, Wen-Ta; Lin, Chou-Jui; Lee, Jen-Jyh; Huang, Ruay-Ming; Shieh, Chi-Chang; Chien, Shun-Tien; Chien, Jung-Yien 2015-02-18 The appearance of smear-positivity but culture-negativity (SPCN) for acid-fast bacilli among sputum specimen is frequently found in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients during treatment. This study aimed to investigate clinical risk factors, impacts on treatment course, and relapse pattern associated with sputum SPCN. We retrospectively enrolled 800 patients with culture-proven pulmonary TB who were receiving standard treatment and follow-up at six TB-referral hospitals in Taiwan between January 2006 and December 2007. Relevant patient characteristics and chemotherapy data were analyzed for associations with incidence of SPCN. Data from patients who relapsed within 3 years after completing treatment were analyzed for associations with SPCN during treatment. Of the 800 subjects, 111 (13.8%) had sputum SPCN during treatment. Three factors were found to predict the development of SPCN; namely, high initial acid-fast staining grading (OR, 3.407; 95% CI, 2.090-5.553), cavitation on chest-X ray films (OR, 2.217; 95% CI, 1.359-3.615), and smoking (OR, 1.609; 95% CI, 1.006-2.841). Patients with SPCN had longer treatment duration (rifampicin: 284 ± 91 vs. 235 ± 69 days, P <0.001; isoniazid: 289 ± 90 vs. 234 ± 69 days, P < 0.001) than those without SPCN. Finally, the rate of relapse within 3 years of completing treatment was similar for groups with/without SPCN (2.7%, 3/111 vs. 1.0%, 7/689, respectively; P = 0.15). In conclusion, severity of infection was a major risk factor for SPCN during treatment; however, the relapse rate within 3 years of completing treatment was not affected by the appearance of SPCN. 8. Correlates of unstructured antiretroviral treatment interruption in a cohort of HIV-positive individuals in British Columbia. Science.gov (United States) Samji, Hasina; Chen, Yalin; Salters, Kate; Montaner, Julio S G; Hogg, Robert S 2014-11-01 Treatment interruptions (TIs) limit the therapeutic success of combination antiretroviral therapy and are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. HIV-positive individuals dealing with concurrent health issues, access challenges and competing life demands are hypothesized to be more likely to interrupt treatment. Individuals were included if they initiated cART ≥1 year prior to interview date and had a CD4 cell count and initial regimen recorded at initiation. Using pharmacy recording, a TI was defined as a patient-initiated gap in treatment ≥90 consecutive days during the 12 months preceding or following the study interview. 117 (15.2 %) of 768 participants included in this study had a TI during the study window. 76.0 % of participants were male, 27.5 % were of Aboriginal ancestry and the median age was 46 (interquartile range 40-52). In multivariable logistic regression, TIs were significantly associated with current illicit drug use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.68, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.68); perception of overall health (aOR 1.64 95 % CI 1.05-2.55); being unemployed (aOR: 2.22, 95 % CI 1.16-4.23); and younger age at interview (aOR 0.57, 95 % CI 0.44-0.75, per 10 year increase). Addressing socioeconomic barriers to treatment retention is vital for supporting the continuous engagement of patients in care. 9. Cryptococcal neuroradiological lesions correlate with severity during cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in HIV-positive patients in the HAART era. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Caroline Charlier Full Text Available Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis has an overall global mortality rate of 20% in AIDS patients despite antifungals. There is a need for additional means of precise assessment of disease severity. We thus studied the radiological brain images available from 62 HIV-positive patients with cryptococcocal meningoencephalitis to analyse the brain lesions associated with cryptococcosis in relationship with disease severity, and the respective diagnostic contribution of magnetic resonance (MR versus computed tomography (CT. In this retrospective multicenter analysis, two neuroradiologists blindly reviewed the brain imaging. Prospectively acquired clinical and mycological data were available at baseline and during follow-up. Baseline images were abnormal on 92% of the MR scans contrasting with 53% of the CT scans. MR/CT cryptococcosis-related lesions included mass(es (21%/9%, dilated perivascular spaces (46%/5% and pseudocysts (8%/4%. The presence compared to absence of cryptococcosis-related lesions was significantly associated with high serum (78% vs. 42%, p = 0.008 and CSF (81% vs. 50%, p = 0.024 antigen titers, independently of neurological abnormalities. MR detected significantly more cryptococcosis-related lesions than CT for 17 patients who had had both investigations (76% vs. 24%, p = 0.005. In conclusion, MR appears more effective than CT for the evaluation of AIDS-associated cerebral cryptococcosis. Furthermore, brain imaging is an effective tool to assess the initial disease severity in this setting. Given this, we suggest that investigation for cryptococcosis-related lesions is merited, even in the absence of neurological abnormality, if a high fungal burden is suspected on the basis of high serum and/or CSF antigen titers. 10. Experimental assessment of the importance of amino acid positions identified by an entropy-based correlation analysis of multiple-sequence alignments. Science.gov (United States) Dietrich, Susanne; Borst, Nadine; Schlee, Sandra; Schneider, Daniel; Janda, Jan-Oliver; Sterner, Reinhard; Merkl, Rainer 2012-07-17 The analysis of a multiple-sequence alignment (MSA) with correlation methods identifies pairs of residue positions whose occupation with amino acids changes in a concerted manner. It is plausible to assume that positions that are part of many such correlation pairs are important for protein function or stability. We have used the algorithm H2r to identify positions k in the MSAs of the enzymes anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase (AnPRT) and indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) that show a high conn(k) value, i.e., a large number of significant correlations in which k is involved. The importance of the identified residues was experimentally validated by performing mutagenesis studies with sAnPRT and sIGPS from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. For sAnPRT, five H2r mutant proteins were generated by replacing nonconserved residues with alanine or the prevalent residue of the MSA. As a control, five residues with conn(k) values of zero were chosen randomly and replaced with alanine. The catalytic activities and conformational stabilities of the H2r and control mutant proteins were analyzed by steady-state enzyme kinetics and thermal unfolding studies. Compared to wild-type sAnPRT, the catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(M)) were largely unaltered. In contrast, the apparent thermal unfolding temperature (T(M)(app)) was lowered in most proteins. Remarkably, the strongest observed destabilization (ΔT(M)(app) = 14 °C) was caused by the V284A exchange, which pertains to the position with the highest correlation signal [conn(k) = 11]. For sIGPS, six H2r mutant and four control proteins with alanine exchanges were generated and characterized. The k(cat)/K(M) values of four H2r mutant proteins were reduced between 13- and 120-fold, and their T(M)(app) values were decreased by up to 5 °C. For the sIGPS control proteins, the observed activity and stability decreases were much less severe. Our findings demonstrate that positions with high conn(k) values have an 11. Presence of S100A9-positive inflammatory cells in cancer tissues correlates with an early stage cancer and a better prognosis in patients with gastric cancer International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Fan, Biao; Li, Ying-Ai; Du, Hong; Zhao, Wei; Niu, Zhao-Jian; Lu, Ai-Ping; Li, Ji-You; Ji, Jia-Fu; Zhang, Lian-Hai; Jia, Yong-ning; Zhong, Xi-Yao; Liu, Yi-Qiang; Cheng, Xiao-Jing; Wang, Xiao-Hong; Xing, Xiao-Fang; Hu, Ying 2012-01-01 S100A9 was originally discovered as a factor secreted by inflammatory cells. Recently, S100A9 was found to be associated with several human malignancies. The purpose of this study is to investigate S100A9 expression in gastric cancer and explore its role in cancer progression. S100A9 expression in gastric tissue samples from 177 gastric cancer patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of its dimerization partner S100A8 and the S100A8/A9 heterodimer were also assessed by the same method. The effect of exogenous S100A9 on motility of gastric cancer cells AGS and BGC-823 was then investigated. S100A9 was specifically expressed by inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils in human gastric cancer and gastritis tissues. Statistical analysis showed that a high S100A9 cell count (> = 200) per 200x magnification microscopic field in cancer tissues was predictive of early stage gastric cancer. High S100A9-positive cell count was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.009) and tumor invasion (P = 0.011). S100A9 was identified as an independent prognostic predictor of overall survival of patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.04). Patients with high S100A9 cell count were with favorable prognosis (P = 0.021). Further investigation found that S100A8 distribution in human gastric cancer tissues was similar to S100A9. However, the number of S100A8-positive cells did not positively correlate with patient survival. The inflammatory cells infiltrating cancer were S100A8/A9 negative, while those in gastritis were positive. Furthermore, exogenous S100A9 protein inhibited migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Our results suggested S100A9-positive inflammatory cells in gastric cancer tissues are associated with early stage of gastric cancer and good prognosis 12. Correlates of unprotected anal intercourse: the influence of anal sex position among men who have sex with men in Beijing, china. Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Heng; Lu, Hongyan; Pan, Stephen W; Xia, Dongyan; Zhao, Yuejuan; Xiao, Yan; He, Xiong; Yue, Hai; Sun, Zheya; Xu, Yunan; Ruan, Yuhua; Shao, Yiming 2015-02-01 Understanding barriers to consistent condom use among men who have sex with men (MSM) requires consideration of the context in which risk behaviors occur. Anal sex position is one such context. This pooled cross-sectional study used survey data from 1,230 MSM and their 2,618 reported male sexual partnerships. Overall, nearly half of the participants engaged in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with at least one of upto three partners in the past 6 months. "Insertive" men engaged in less UAI (39 %) than "receptive" (53 %) or "versatile" (51 %) men. Regardless of sexual position, UAI was associated with cohabiting with a male or female partner and perceiving great or moderate risk of HIV from male contact at the individual level, and steady (vs. casual) partnership at the dyad level. However, early MSM anal sex debut, high number of male partners, alcohol use, receiving and buying condoms, HIV testing, and MSM sex-seeking venues were found to be only statistically significantly correlated with UAI among some but not all sexual positions, implying that interventions to increase condom use should take into account how anal sex position may influence willingness and ability to engage in safer sex. Dyad level data appear to provide additional insight into the influence of sexual positions, and should be used to complement individual data for future intervention designs. 13. Handling of computational in vitro/in vivo correlation problems by Microsoft Excel: IV. Generalized matrix analysis of linear compartment systems. Science.gov (United States) Langenbucher, Frieder 2005-01-01 A linear system comprising n compartments is completely defined by the rate constants between any of the compartments and the initial condition in which compartment(s) the drug is present at the beginning. The generalized solution is the time profiles of drug amount in each compartment, described by polyexponential equations. Based on standard matrix operations, an Excel worksheet computes the rate constants and the coefficients, finally the full time profiles for a specified range of time values. 14. Large power factor and anomalous Hall effect and their correlation with observed linear magneto resistance in Co-doped Bi2Se3 3D topological insulator Science.gov (United States) Singh, Rahul; Shukla, K. K.; Kumar, A.; Okram, G. S.; Singh, D.; Ganeshan, V.; Lakhani, Archana; Ghosh, A. K.; Chatterjee, Sandip 2016-09-01 Magnetoresistance (MR), thermo power, magnetization and Hall effect measurements have been performed on Co-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulators. The undoped sample shows that the maximum MR as a destructive interference due to a π-Berry phase leads to a decrease of MR. As the Co is doped, the linearity in MR is increased. The observed MR of Bi2Se3 can be explained with the classical model. The low temperature MR behavior of Co doped samples cannot be explained with the same model, but can be explained with the quantum linear MR model. Magnetization behavior indicates the establishment of ferromagnetic ordering with Co doping. Hall effect data also supports the establishment of ferromagnetic ordering in Co-doped Bi2Se3 samples by showing the anomalous Hall effect. Furthermore, when spectral weight suppression is insignificant, Bi2Se3 behaves as a dilute magnetic semiconductor. Moreover, the maximum power factor is observed when time reversal symmetry (TRS) is maintained. As the TRS is broken the power factor value is decreased, which indicates that with the rise of Dirac cone above the Fermi level the anomalous Hall effect and linearity in MR increase and the power factor decreases. 15. A combined stretching-tilting mechanism produces negative, zero and positive linear thermal expansion in a semi-flexible Cd(II)-MOF. Science.gov (United States) Lama, Prem; Das, Raj Kumar; Smith, Vincent J; Barbour, Leonard J 2014-06-21 A novel semi-flexible Cd(II)-MOF has been synthesized and characterized by variable temperature powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The material displays an unusual combination of thermal expansion (TE) i.e. negative, zero and positive, which is an extremely rare finding, especially for metal-organic frameworks as a result of a combined stretching-tilting mechanism. 16. Evidence for a positive correlation between serum cortisol levels and IL-1beta production by peripheral mononuclear cells in anorexia nervosa. Science.gov (United States) Limone, P; Biglino, A; Bottino, F; Forno, B; Calvelli, P; Fassino, S; Berardi, C; Ajmone-Catt, P; Bertagna, A; Tarocco, R P; Rovera, G G; Molinatti, G M 2000-01-01 A hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been reported in anorexia nervosa (AN), together with some immunological abnormalities, involving citokine - and particularly Tumor Necrosis-Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) - production by polymorphonuclear cells. The ability of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate the HPA axis is well known; however, there are no data demonstrating an interdependence between immunological and endocrine response in AN. To investigate the presence of a correlation between immune response and pituitary-adrenal function, plasma ACTH and serum cortisol concentrations were measured in 13 AN patients and in the same number of controls. TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta production by ex-vivo unstimulated and LPS-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells was also assessed. Circulating cortisol concentrations were higher (p<0.01) in AN (156.7 +/- 45.1 microg/l, mean +/- SD) than in controls (105.9 +/- 25.7 microg/l). Unstimulated IL-1beta release in supernatants of mononuclear cell cultures was slightly but not significantly higher in AN than in controls, while TNF-alpha release was similar in the two groups. A positive correlation was found between IL-1beta concentrations in unstimulated culture supranatants and serum cortisol levels in AN (r=0.782, p=0.002), while in normal subjects there was a trend toward a negative correlation; a slight positive correlation, while not significant, between IL-1beta and plasma ACTH, as well as between TNF-alpha and serum cortisol was also found in AN. These data suggest that the normal relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines release, particularly IL-1beta, and cortisol secretion is deranged in AN. 17. The positive correlation of the CCL2-CCR2 axis with the disease activity may indicate the fundamental role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. Science.gov (United States) Yin, Jingfang; Yang, Xi; Zeng, Qi; Yang, Linglan; Cheng, Bin; Tao, Xiaoan 2016-01-01 The important roles of CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 had been reported in a series of inflammatory disorders. However, few studies investigated the potential role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in oral lichen planus (OLP). Therefore, this study aimed to detect the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 in OLP lesions and compare their changes before and after treatment. CCL2 and CCR2 expression was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and real-time RT-PCR in 32 patients with OLP and eight controls. Moreover, changes in their expression after treatment with triamcinolone acetonide were assessed in lesions from three patients. CCL2+ and CCR2+ cells were few in the controls and remarkably increased in the epithelial and subepithelial layers of lesions (n = 32, all P < 0.001). However, the densities of CCL2+ and CCR2+ cells were not significantly different between reticular (n = 12) and erythematous/erosive lesions (n = 20), although they significantly decreased after treatment (627.7 ± 108.2 vs. 258.3 ± 148.3, P = 0.017; 1034.7 ± 74.6 vs. 648 ± 77.6, P = 0.003, respectively). CCL2+/CCR2+ cell numbers were positively correlated with disease activity (correlation coefficient, 0.588; P < 0.001; correlation coefficient, 0.409; P = 0.02, respectively). The results of this study indicated that the CCL2-CCR2 axis was involved in the pathogenesis of OLP and was positively correlated with disease activity. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 18. Revision 1 size and position of the healthy meniscus, and its correlation with sex, height, weight, and bone area- a cross-sectional study. Science.gov (United States) Bloecker, Katja; Englund, Martin; Wirth, Wolfgang; Hudelmaier, Martin; Burgkart, Rainer; Frobell, Richard B; Eckstein, Felix 2011-10-28 Meniscus extrusion or hypertrophy may occur in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, currently no data are available on the position and size of the meniscus in asymptomatic men and women with normal meniscus integrity. Three-dimensional coronal DESSwe MRIs were used to segment and quantitatively measure the size and position of the medial and lateral menisci, and their correlation with sex, height, weight, and tibial plateau area. 102 knees (40 male and 62 female) were drawn from the Osteoarthritis Initiative "non-exposed" reference cohort, including subjects without symptoms, radiographic signs, or risk factors for knee OA. Knees with MRI signs of meniscus lesions were excluded. The tibial plateau area was significantly larger (p sexes, and that tibial coverage by the meniscus is similar between men and women. 19. Correlation of highly charged ion and x-ray emissions from the laser-produced plasma in the presence of non-linear phenomena Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database Láska, Leoš; Ryc, L.; Badziak, J.; Boody, F. P.; Gammino, S.; Jungwirth, Karel; Krása, Josef; Krouský, Eduard; Mezzasalma, A.; Parys, P.; Pfeifer, Miroslav; Rohlena, Karel; Torrisi, L.; Ullschmied, Jiří; Wolowski, J. 2005-01-01 Roč. 160, 10-12 (2005), s. 557-566 ISSN 1042-0150. [Workshop PIBHI 2005 /2./. Giardini Naxos, 08.06.06-11.06.06] R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC528; GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA1010405 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100523 Keywords : laser beam interactions * non-linear processes * self-focusing * highly charged ions * soft and hard x-rays Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 0.353, year: 2005 20. Fault tolerant linear actuator Science.gov (United States) Tesar, Delbert 2004-09-14 In varying embodiments, the fault tolerant linear actuator of the present invention is a new and improved linear actuator with fault tolerance and positional control that may incorporate velocity summing, force summing, or a combination of the two. In one embodiment, the invention offers a velocity summing arrangement with a differential gear between two prime movers driving a cage, which then drives a linear spindle screw transmission. Other embodiments feature two prime movers driving separate linear spindle screw transmissions, one internal and one external, in a totally concentric and compact integrated module. 1. Linear equations and rap battles: how students in a wired classroom utilized the computer as a resource to coordinate personal and mathematical positional identities in hybrid spaces Science.gov (United States) Langer-Osuna, Jennifer 2015-03-01 This paper draws on the constructs of hybridity, figured worlds, and cultural capital to examine how a group of African-American students in a technology-driven, project-based algebra classroom utilized the computer as a resource to coordinate personal and mathematical positional identities during group work. Analyses of several vignettes of small group dynamics highlight how hybridity was established as the students engaged in multiple on-task and off-task computer-based activities, each of which drew on different lived experiences and forms of cultural capital. The paper ends with a discussion on how classrooms that make use of student-led collaborative work, and where students are afforded autonomy, have the potential to support the academic engagement of students from historically marginalized communities. 2. Linear Accelerators International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Vretenar, M 2014-01-01 The main features of radio-frequency linear accelerators are introduced, reviewing the different types of accelerating structures and presenting the main characteristics aspects of linac beam dynamics 3. Serum TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 are increased and positively correlated to pain, functionality, and radiographic staging in osteoarthritis. Science.gov (United States) Kapetanakis, Stilianos; Drygiannakis, Ioannis; Kazakos, Kostantinos; Papanas, Nikolaos; Kolios, George; Kouroumalis, Elias; Verettas, Dionysios-Alexandros 2010-08-11 The goal of this study was to verify or reject the hypothesis that systematic differences exist in various profibrotic or antifibrotic factors between osteoarthritic patients and controls, as well as between different stages of osteoarthritis. The study group comprised 63 patients with knee osteoarthritis and 18 controls. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)1, -2, -3; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 protein levels; and gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, -9 activities were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gelatin zymography, respectively. Visual analog scale scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, Lequesne clinical osteoarthritis scales, and Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading were recorded for each patient.Transforming growth factor-beta2 and -3 (in contrast to TGF-beta1 and TIMP-1) serum protein levels were significantly higher in osteoarthritic patients compared to controls (210%+/-14% [P<.001] and 232%+/-7% [P<10(-7)], respectively). Additionally, TGF-beta2 and -3 were strongly positively correlated to Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grading of the disease (P<10(-5) and P<10(-7), respectively). Moreover, TGF-beta2 correlated positively with the WOMAC scale (P=.007). However, TIMP-1 decreased as osteoarthritis progressed clinically, but remained irrelevant to radiographic staging. Furthermore, activities of MMP-2 and -9, but not MMP-1+/-3, were lower in patients with osteoarthritis. Copyright 2010, SLACK Incorporated. 4. LET dependence of linear and quadratic terms in dose-response relationships for cellular damage: correlations with the dimensions and structures of biological targets International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barendsen, G.W.; Amsterdam Univ. 1990-01-01 To apply information from microdosimetric studies and from cellular responses to the development and testing of hypotheses about mechanisms of radiation action, it is necessary to correlate these data with insights concerning dimensions and structures of cellular constituents and macromolecules. This approach is illustrated by the correlation of cross sections for inactivation with dimensions of the cell nucleus in dependence on the culture conditions and by the comparison of the derived dimensions of critical targets with DNA packing and chromatin structure in cells. A model is suggested in which lethal and potentially lethal damage induced in mammalian cells by single ionising particles involves the induction of two DNA double strand breaks in close proximity in a chromatin fibre, while accumulation of damage causing the contribution, which increases with the square of the dose, might be associated with interaction of single DSBs produced at larger distances. (author) 5. Linearization Method and Linear Complexity Science.gov (United States) Tanaka, Hidema We focus on the relationship between the linearization method and linear complexity and show that the linearization method is another effective technique for calculating linear complexity. We analyze its effectiveness by comparing with the logic circuit method. We compare the relevant conditions and necessary computational cost with those of the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm and the Games-Chan algorithm. The significant property of a linearization method is that it needs no output sequence from a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) because it calculates linear complexity using the algebraic expression of its algorithm. When a PRNG has n [bit] stages (registers or internal states), the necessary computational cost is smaller than O(2n). On the other hand, the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm needs O(N2) where N(≅2n) denotes period. Since existing methods calculate using the output sequence, an initial value of PRNG influences a resultant value of linear complexity. Therefore, a linear complexity is generally given as an estimate value. On the other hand, a linearization method calculates from an algorithm of PRNG, it can determine the lower bound of linear complexity. 6. Correlation of zero-point energy with molecular structure and molecular forces. 3. Approximation for H/D isotope shifts and linear frequency sum rule International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Oi, T.; Ishida, T. 1984-01-01 The approximation methods for the zero-point energy (ZPE) previously developed using the Lanczo's tau method have been applied to the shifts in ZPE due to hydrogen isotope substitutions. Six types of approximation methods have been compared and analyzed on the basis of a weighing function Ω(lambda) varies as lambda/sup k/ and the actual eigenvalue shift spectra. The method generated by the most general optimzation treatment yields a predictable and generally satisfactory precision of the order of 1% or better. A linear frequency sum rule has been derived, which approximately holds for the sets of isotopic molecules which satisfy the second-order frequency sum rule. 19 references, 3 figures, 3 tables 7. Improving the precision of linear optics measurements based on turn-by-turn beam position monitor data after a pulsed excitation in lepton storage rings Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) L. Malina 2017-08-01 Full Text Available Beam optics control is of critical importance for machine performance and protection. Nowadays, turn-by-turn (TbT beam position monitor (BPM data are increasingly exploited as they allow for fast and simultaneous measurement of various optics quantities. Nevertheless, so far the best documented uncertainty of measured β-functions is of about 10‰ rms. In this paper we compare the β-functions of the ESRF storage ring measured from two different TbT techniques—the N-BPM and the Amplitude methods—with the ones inferred from a measurement of the orbit response matrix (ORM. We show how to improve the precision of TbT techniques by refining the Fourier transform of TbT data with properly chosen excitation amplitude. The precision of the N-BPM method is further improved by refining the phase advance measurement. This represents a step forward compared to standard TbT measurements. First experimental results showing the precision of β-functions pushed down to 4‰ both in TbT and ORM techniques are reported and commented. 8. Correlation between tuberculin skin test and IGRAs with risk factors for the spread of infection in close contacts with sputum smear positive in pulmonary tuberculosis. Science.gov (United States) de Souza-Galvão, Maria Luiza; Latorre, Irene; Altet-Gómez, Neus; Jiménez-Fuentes, María Ángeles; Milà, Celia; Solsona, Jordi; Seminario, Maria Asunción; Cantos, Adela; Ruiz-Manzano, Juan; Domínguez, José 2014-05-13 The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the tuberculin skin test (TST) and in vitro interferon-gamma released assays (IGRAs) with risk factors for the spread of infection in smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) contacts. We recruited prospective contacts with smear positive pulmonary TB cases. We looked at human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other conditions of immunosuppression, presence of BCG vaccination and the degree of exposure to the index case. Patients underwent the TST, chest radiography, sputum analysis when necessary, and IGRA assays (QFN-G-IT and T-SPOT.TB). Presence of cough, diagnostic delay (days between first symptoms and TB diagnostic), contact conditions: room size (square meters) and index of overcrowding (square meters per person) were investigated in the index case. 156 contacts (119 adults, 37 children) of 66 TB patients were enrolled, 2.4 (1-14) contacts per TB case. The positivity of the TST did not correlate with the risk factors studied: presence of cough (p = 0.929); delayed diagnosis (p = 0.244); room size (p = 0.462); overcrowding (p = 0.800). Both QFN-G-IT and T-SPOT.TB, showed significant association with cough (p = 0.001, and p = 0.007) and room size (p = 0.020, and p = 0.023), respectively. Both IGRA associated better than TST with certain host-related risk factors involved in the transmission of disease, such as the presence of cough. 9. Linear algebra CERN Document Server Said-Houari, Belkacem 2017-01-01 This self-contained, clearly written textbook on linear algebra is easily accessible for students. It begins with the simple linear equation and generalizes several notions from this equation for the system of linear equations and introduces the main ideas using matrices. It then offers a detailed chapter on determinants and introduces the main ideas with detailed proofs. The third chapter introduces the Euclidean spaces using very simple geometric ideas and discusses various major inequalities and identities. These ideas offer a solid basis for understanding general Hilbert spaces in functional analysis. The following two chapters address general vector spaces, including some rigorous proofs to all the main results, and linear transformation: areas that are ignored or are poorly explained in many textbooks. Chapter 6 introduces the idea of matrices using linear transformation, which is easier to understand than the usual theory of matrices approach. The final two chapters are more advanced, introducing t... 10. ERBB2 in Cat Mammary Neoplasias Disclosed a Positive Correlation between RNA and Protein Low Expression Levels: A Model for erbB-2 Negative Human Breast Cancer Science.gov (United States) Abreu, Rui M. V.; Bastos, Estela; Amorim, Irina; Gut, Ivo G.; Gärtner, Fátima; Chaves, Raquel 2013-01-01 Human ERBB2 is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 epithelial growth factor receptor. In human breast cancer (HBC), erbB-2 protein overexpression has been repeatedly correlated with poor prognosis. In more recent works, underexpression of this gene has been described in HBC. Moreover, it is also recognised that oncogenes that are commonly amplified or deleted encompass point mutations, and some of these are associated with HBC. In cat mammary lesions (CMLs), the overexpression of ERBB2 (27%–59.6%) has also been described, mostly at the protein level and although cat mammary neoplasias are considered to be a natural model of HBC, molecular information is still scarce. In the present work, a cat ERBB2 fragment, comprising exons 10 to 15 (ERBB2_10–15) was achieved for the first time. Allelic variants and genomic haplotype analyses were also performed, and differences between normal and CML populations were observed. Three amino acid changes, corresponding to 3 non-synonymous genomic sequence variants that were only detected in CMLs, were proposed to damage the 3D structure of the protein. We analysed the cat ERBB2 gene at the DNA (copy number determination), mRNA (expression levels assessment) and protein levels (in extra- and intra protein domains) in CML samples and correlated the last two evaluations with clinicopathological features. We found a positive correlation between the expression levels of the ERBB2 RNA and erbB-2 protein, corresponding to the intracellular region. Additionally, we detected a positive correlation between higher mRNA expression and better clinical outcome. Our results suggest that the ERBB2 gene is post-transcriptionally regulated and that proteins with truncations and single point mutations are present in cat mammary neoplastic lesions. We would like to emphasise that the recurrent occurrence of low erbB-2 expression levels in cat mammary tumours, suggests the cat mammary neoplasias as a valuable model for erbB-2 negative HBC 11. Correlação linear e espacial entre produtividade de milho (Zea mays L. e atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob plantio direto do Cerrado Brasileiro = Linear and spatial correlation between corn grains productivity (Zea mays L. and physical attributes in a Haplic Acrustox under no-tillage in the Brazilian Savannah Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Marcio Lustosa Santos 2006-07-01 Solteira, Sao Paulo State, Brazil (22º23’’ latitude S; 51º27’’ longitude W, were analyzed in the crop year 2004/2005. The aim was to study the linear and spatial correlations among the attributes. Ageostastical grid to collect soil and plant data was installed with one hundred and twenty sample points, in an area of 0.8 ha. The soil attributes showed low variability of their data, although it showed to be on average at the GY. The BD and TP, in the soil surface, did not change randomly. They showed an excellent spatial performance, with ranges between 28.6 and 60.6 m. The multiple linear correlations showed that the TP1, TP3, and BD3 were significant attributes when they correlated with the GY. Among the soil attributes, the simple linear correlations were very elastics. Thus, when in correlations with the GY they showed little variability. With reservation due to low correlation, with the increase of the BD3 the GY decreased. Differently, the spatial correlations among the soil attributes and the GY were practically nulls. However, they were high when exclusively among every all the other attributes of the soil. 12. Linear algebra CERN Document Server Stoll, R R 1968-01-01 Linear Algebra is intended to be used as a text for a one-semester course in linear algebra at the undergraduate level. The treatment of the subject will be both useful to students of mathematics and those interested primarily in applications of the theory. The major prerequisite for mastering the material is the readiness of the student to reason abstractly. Specifically, this calls for an understanding of the fact that axioms are assumptions and that theorems are logical consequences of one or more axioms. Familiarity with calculus and linear differential equations is required for understand 13. Plasma Periostin Levels Are Increased in Chinese Subjects with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Are Positively Correlated with Glucose and Lipid Parameters. Science.gov (United States) Luo, Yuanyuan; Qu, Hua; Wang, Hang; Wei, Huili; Wu, Jing; Duan, Yang; Liu, Dan; Deng, Huacong 2016-01-01 The purpose of this study is to examine the relations among plasma periostin, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation in Chinese patients with obesity (OB), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Plasma periostin levels in the T2DM group were significantly higher than the NGT group (P index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postchallenge plasma glucose (2 h PG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TNF-α, and IL-6 (P < 0.05 or 0.001) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TG, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR were independent related factors in influencing the levels of plasma periostin (P < 0.001). These results suggested that Chinese patients with obesity and T2DM had significantly higher plasma periostin levels. Plasma periostin levels were strongly associated with plasma TG, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. 14. High-accuracy and real-time 3D positioning, tracking system for medical imaging applications based on 3D digital image correlation Science.gov (United States) Xue, Yuan; Cheng, Teng; Xu, Xiaohai; Gao, Zeren; Li, Qianqian; Liu, Xiaojing; Wang, Xing; Song, Rui; Ju, Xiangyang; Zhang, Qingchuan 2017-01-01 This paper presents a system for positioning markers and tracking the pose of a rigid object with 6 degrees of freedom in real-time using 3D digital image correlation, with two examples for medical imaging applications. Traditional DIC method was improved to meet the requirements of the real-time by simplifying the computations of integral pixel search. Experiments were carried out and the results indicated that the new method improved the computational efficiency by about 4-10 times in comparison with the traditional DIC method. The system was aimed for orthognathic surgery navigation in order to track the maxilla segment after LeFort I osteotomy. Experiments showed noise for the static point was at the level of 10-3 mm and the measurement accuracy was 0.009 mm. The system was demonstrated on skin surface shape evaluation of a hand for finger stretching exercises, which indicated a great potential on tracking muscle and skin movements. 15. Positive correlation between Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Marana, M. H.; Skov, J.; Chettri, Jiwan Kumar 2017-01-01 Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), are able to raise a protective immune response against Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (AS) following injection vaccination with commercial vaccines containing formalin-killed bacteria, but the protection is often suboptimal under Danish...... mariculture conditions. We elucidated whether protection can be improved by increasing the concentration of antigen (formalin-killed bacteria) in the vaccine. Rainbow trout juveniles were vaccinated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with a bacterin of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain 090710...... bacteria. The infection method proved to be efficient and could differentiate efficacies of different vaccines. It was shown that protection and antibody production in exposed fish were positively correlated to the AS antigen concentration in the vaccine.... 16. Correlations Between the Density of Tryptase Positive Mast Cells (DMCT and that of New Blood Vessels (CD105+ in Patients with Gastric Cancer Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Micu Gianina Viorica 2016-06-01 Full Text Available Mast cells proteases, tryptase and chymase are directly involved in the growth and progression of solid tumors due to their important role in tumor angiogenesis. We examined the density of tryptase positive mast cells and the mean density of new blood vessels in gastric malignant tumors of patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection, using immunohistochemical staining for tryptase (for mast cells and CD 105 (for new vessels. Tryptase and CD 105 expression was detected in gastrectomy specimens. In this study, mast cell density correlates with angiogenesis and the growth and progression of gastric cancer. It also shows that the participation of Helicobacter pylori infection in the growth and progress of gastric neoplasia is due to an increase of peritumoral angiogenesis, with subsequent local and distant tumor spread and perivascular growth, but without perineural and nodal involvement. 17. Linear programming CERN Document Server Solow, Daniel 2014-01-01 This text covers the basic theory and computation for a first course in linear programming, including substantial material on mathematical proof techniques and sophisticated computation methods. Includes Appendix on using Excel. 1984 edition. 18. Linear algebra CERN Document Server Liesen, Jörg 2015-01-01 This self-contained textbook takes a matrix-oriented approach to linear algebra and presents a complete theory, including all details and proofs, culminating in the Jordan canonical form and its proof. Throughout the development, the applicability of the results is highlighted. Additionally, the book presents special topics from applied linear algebra including matrix functions, the singular value decomposition, the Kronecker product and linear matrix equations. The matrix-oriented approach to linear algebra leads to a better intuition and a deeper understanding of the abstract concepts, and therefore simplifies their use in real world applications. Some of these applications are presented in detailed examples. In several ‘MATLAB-Minutes’ students can comprehend the concepts and results using computational experiments. Necessary basics for the use of MATLAB are presented in a short introduction. Students can also actively work with the material and practice their mathematical skills in more than 300 exerc... 19. Linear algebra CERN Document Server Berberian, Sterling K 2014-01-01 Introductory treatment covers basic theory of vector spaces and linear maps - dimension, determinants, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors - plus more advanced topics such as the study of canonical forms for matrices. 1992 edition. 20. Linear Models CERN Document Server Searle, Shayle R 2012-01-01 This 1971 classic on linear models is once again available--as a Wiley Classics Library Edition. It features material that can be understood by any statistician who understands matrix algebra and basic statistical methods. 1. Novel model of neuronal bioenergetics: postsynaptic utilization of glucose but not lactate correlates positively with Ca2+ signalling in cultured mouse glutamatergic neurons. Science.gov (United States) Bak, Lasse K; Obel, Linea F; Walls, Anne B; Schousboe, Arne; Faek, Sevan A A; Jajo, Farah S; Waagepetersen, Helle S 2012-04-05 We have previously investigated the relative roles of extracellular glucose and lactate as fuels for glutamatergic neurons during synaptic activity. The conclusion from these studies was that cultured glutamatergic neurons utilize glucose rather than lactate during NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate)-induced synaptic activity and that lactate alone is not able to support neurotransmitter glutamate homoeostasis. Subsequently, a model was proposed to explain these results at the cellular level. In brief, the intermittent rises in intracellular Ca2+ during activation cause influx of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix thus activating the tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenases. This will lead to a lower activity of the MASH (malate-aspartate shuttle), which in turn will result in anaerobic glycolysis and lactate production rather than lactate utilization. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of an ionomycin-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ (i.e. independent of synaptic activity) on neuronal energy metabolism employing 13C-labelled glucose and lactate and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis of labelling in glutamate, alanine and lactate. The results demonstrate that glucose utilization is positively correlated with intracellular Ca2+ whereas lactate utilization is not. This result lends further support for a significant role of glucose in neuronal bioenergetics and that Ca2+ signalling may control the switch between glucose and lactate utilization during synaptic activity. Based on the results, we propose a compartmentalized CiMASH (Ca2+-induced limitation of the MASH) model that includes intracellular compartmentation of glucose and lactate metabolism. We define pre- and post-synaptic compartments metabolizing glucose and glucose plus lactate respectively in which the latter displays a positive correlation between oxidative metabolism of glucose and Ca2+ signalling. 2. LINEAR ACCELERATOR Science.gov (United States) Christofilos, N.C.; Polk, I.J. 1959-02-17 Improvements in linear particle accelerators are described. A drift tube system for a linear ion accelerator reduces gap capacity between adjacent drift tube ends. This is accomplished by reducing the ratio of the diameter of the drift tube to the diameter of the resonant cavity. Concentration of magnetic field intensity at the longitudinal midpoint of the external sunface of each drift tube is reduced by increasing the external drift tube diameter at the longitudinal center region. 3. Plasma bile acids show a positive correlation with body mass index and are negatively associated with cognitive restraint of eating in obese patients Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Philip ePrinz 2015-06-01 Full Text Available Bile acids may be involved in the regulation of food intake and energy metabolism. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of plasma bile acids with body mass index (BMI and the possible involvement of circulating bile acids in the modulation of physical activity and eating behavior. Blood was obtained in a group of hospitalized patients with normal weight (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2, underweight (anorexia nervosa, BMI 50 kg/m2, n=14-15/group and plasma bile acid concentrations assessed. Physical activity and plasma bile acids were measured in a group of patients with anorexia nervosa (BMI 14.6±0.3 kg/m2, n=43. Lastly, in a population of obese patients (BMI 48.5±0.9 kg/m2, n=85, psychometric parameters related to disordered eating and plasma bile acids were assessed. Plasma bile acids showed a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.26, p=0.03 in the population of patients with broad range of BMI (9-85 kg/m2, n=74. No associations were observed between plasma bile acids and different parameters of physical activity in anorexic patients (p>0.05. Plasma bile acids were negatively correlated with cognitive restraint of eating (r=-0.30, p=0.008, while no associations were observed with other psychometric eating behavior-related parameters (p>0.05 in obese patients. In conclusion, these data may point towards a role of bile acids in the regulation of body weight. Since plasma bile acids are negatively correlated with the cognitive restraint of eating in obese patients, this may represent a compensatory adaptation to prevent further overeating. 4. Correlation of Internet Use for Health Care Engagement Purposes and HIV Clinical Outcomes Among HIV-Positive Individuals Using Online Social Media. Science.gov (United States) Saberi, Parya; Johnson, Mallory O 2015-01-01 The authors aimed to describe cell phone and Internet use and assess the correlation of Internet use for health care engagement purposes and HIV clinical outcomes among HIV-positive individuals. The authors conducted a national survey using online social media to examine cell phone and Internet use, self-reported HIV viral load (detectable vs. undetectable), and antiretroviral adherence rating (excellent vs. less than excellent). Participants (N = 1,494) were asked about their Internet use for health care engagement purposes (including e-mailing health care providers, refilling medications online, and making medical appointments online). Approximately 95% of participants accessed the Internet nearly daily or daily in the past month (mean hours on Internet use per day = 5.2) and 55.5% used the Internet for health care engagement purposes. Those who used the Internet for any health care engagement purposes had a 1.52-fold odds of reporting an undetectable viral load (p = .009) and a 1.49-fold odds of reporting excellent adherence (p = .001). Although Internet access and use were similar across racial/ethnic, educational, and socioeconomic groups, disparities existed with the use of the Internet for health care engagement purposes among racial/ethnic minorities, those with low to moderate financial stability, lower education, and history of incarceration. The authors' data reveal that among HIV-positive users of online social media, use of the Internet for health care engagement purposes is associated with better self-reported virologic and adherence outcomes. 5. Medical Students' Exposure to the Humanities Correlates with Positive Personal Qualities and Reduced Burnout: A Multi-Institutional U.S. Survey. Science.gov (United States) Mangione, Salvatore; Chakraborti, Chayan; Staltari, Giuseppe; Harrison, Rebecca; Tunkel, Allan R; Liou, Kevin T; Cerceo, Elizabeth; Voeller, Megan; Bedwell, Wendy L; Fletcher, Keaton; Kahn, Marc J 2018-05-01 Literature, music, theater, and visual arts play an uncertain and limited role in medical education. One of the arguments often advanced in favor of teaching the humanities refers to their capacity to foster traits that not only improve practice, but might also reduce physician burnout-an increasing scourge in today's medicine. Yet, research remains limited. To test the hypothesis that medical students with higher exposure to the humanities would report higher levels of positive physician qualities (e.g., wisdom, empathy, self-efficacy, emotional appraisal, spatial skills), while reporting lower levels of negative qualities that are detrimental to physician well-being (e.g., intolerance of ambiguity, physical fatigue, emotional exhaustion, and cognitive weariness). An online survey. All students enrolled at five U.S. medical schools during the 2014-2015 academic year were invited by email to take part in our online survey. Students reported their exposure to the humanities (e.g., music, literature, theater, visual arts) and completed rating scales measuring selected personal qualities. In all, 739/3107 medical students completed the survey (23.8%). Regression analyses revealed that exposure to the humanities was significantly correlated with positive personal qualities, including empathy (p humanities and both a higher level of students' positive qualities and a lower level of adverse traits. These findings may carry implications for medical school recruitment and curriculum design. "[Science and humanities are] twin berries on one stem, grievous damage has been done to both in regarding [them]... in any other light than complemental." (William Osler, Br Med J. 1919;2:1-7). 6. Use of correlation and linear regression to increase annual stream flow records; Uso de la correlacion y la regresion lineal para ampliar registros de volumenes escurridos anuales Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Campos-Aranda, D.F. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico) 1999-03-01 Firstly, the estimates of standard deviation and arithmetic mean as basic statistical parameters are emphasised, which point out the variability and magnitude of annual streamflow records in the hydrological studies of planning water-resource developments inside a region. Then the equations for quantitative evaluations of statistical convenience of extending a short stream flow record are described in detail. The previous makes use of additional and common data in one or two closer hydrometric stations, with this the short observed record has a certain correlation (dependence or association). Later two numerical applications to real problems are given, the first one for the two dimensional model, which uses a closed hydrometric station in order to extend the short record, and the second application for the three dimensional model which makes use of two auxiliary hydrometric stations. Lastly, three general observations about the paper are cited. [Spanish] Inicialmente se destaca la importancia de las estimaciones de la medida y la desviacion estandar como parametros estadisticos basicos, los cuales caracterizan la magnitud y la variabilidad de los volumenes escurridos anuales en los estudios hidrologicos de planeacion del aprovechamiento de los recursos hidraulicos de una region. Enseguida, se describen con detalle las ecuaciones que permiten evaluar cuantitativamente si es conveniente o no, desde un punto de vista estadistico, ampliar el registro corto de escurrimientos, con base en datos comunes, adicionales y disponibles; esto en una o dos estaciones hidrometricas cercanas, con las cuales, el registro reducido guarda cierta correlacion (dependencia o asociacion). Lo anterior, significa evaluar si con base en el registro ampliado, las estimaciones de la medida y la variancia mejoran estadisticamente. Posteriormente, se realizan dos aplicaciones numericas a casos reales; una, para el modelo bidimensional que utiliza una estacion hidrometrica cercana para ampliar el 7. A study of respiration-correlated cone-beam CT scans to correct target positioning errors in radiotherapy of thoracic cancer Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Santoro, J. P.; McNamara, J.; Yorke, E.; Pham, H.; Rimner, A.; Rosenzweig, K. E.; Mageras, G. S. [Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 (United States); Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 (United States); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 (United States) 2012-10-15 Purpose: There is increasingly widespread usage of cone-beam CT (CBCT) for guiding radiation treatment in advanced-stage lung tumors, but difficulties associated with daily CBCT in conventionally fractionated treatments include imaging dose to the patient, increased workload and longer treatment times. Respiration-correlated cone-beam CT (RC-CBCT) can improve localization accuracy in mobile lung tumors, but further increases the time and workload for conventionally fractionated treatments. This study investigates whether RC-CBCT-guided correction of systematic tumor deviations in standard fractionated lung tumor radiation treatments is more effective than 2D image-based correction of skeletal deviations alone. A second study goal compares respiration-correlated vs respiration-averaged images for determining tumor deviations. Methods: Eleven stage II-IV nonsmall cell lung cancer patients are enrolled in an IRB-approved prospective off-line protocol using RC-CBCT guidance to correct for systematic errors in GTV position. Patients receive a respiration-correlated planning CT (RCCT) at simulation, daily kilovoltage RC-CBCT scans during the first week of treatment and weekly scans thereafter. Four types of correction methods are compared: (1) systematic error in gross tumor volume (GTV) position, (2) systematic error in skeletal anatomy, (3) daily skeletal corrections, and (4) weekly skeletal corrections. The comparison is in terms of weighted average of the residual GTV deviations measured from the RC-CBCT scans and representing the estimated residual deviation over the treatment course. In the second study goal, GTV deviations computed from matching RCCT and RC-CBCT are compared to deviations computed from matching respiration-averaged images consisting of a CBCT reconstructed using all projections and an average-intensity-projection CT computed from the RCCT. Results: Of the eleven patients in the GTV-based systematic correction protocol, two required no correction 8. A study of respiration-correlated cone-beam CT scans to correct target positioning errors in radiotherapy of thoracic cancer International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Santoro, J. P.; McNamara, J.; Yorke, E.; Pham, H.; Rimner, A.; Rosenzweig, K. E.; Mageras, G. S. 2012-01-01 Purpose: There is increasingly widespread usage of cone-beam CT (CBCT) for guiding radiation treatment in advanced-stage lung tumors, but difficulties associated with daily CBCT in conventionally fractionated treatments include imaging dose to the patient, increased workload and longer treatment times. Respiration-correlated cone-beam CT (RC-CBCT) can improve localization accuracy in mobile lung tumors, but further increases the time and workload for conventionally fractionated treatments. This study investigates whether RC-CBCT-guided correction of systematic tumor deviations in standard fractionated lung tumor radiation treatments is more effective than 2D image-based correction of skeletal deviations alone. A second study goal compares respiration-correlated vs respiration-averaged images for determining tumor deviations. Methods: Eleven stage II–IV nonsmall cell lung cancer patients are enrolled in an IRB-approved prospective off-line protocol using RC-CBCT guidance to correct for systematic errors in GTV position. Patients receive a respiration-correlated planning CT (RCCT) at simulation, daily kilovoltage RC-CBCT scans during the first week of treatment and weekly scans thereafter. Four types of correction methods are compared: (1) systematic error in gross tumor volume (GTV) position, (2) systematic error in skeletal anatomy, (3) daily skeletal corrections, and (4) weekly skeletal corrections. The comparison is in terms of weighted average of the residual GTV deviations measured from the RC-CBCT scans and representing the estimated residual deviation over the treatment course. In the second study goal, GTV deviations computed from matching RCCT and RC-CBCT are compared to deviations computed from matching respiration-averaged images consisting of a CBCT reconstructed using all projections and an average-intensity-projection CT computed from the RCCT. Results: Of the eleven patients in the GTV-based systematic correction protocol, two required no correction 9. Linear regression CERN Document Server Olive, David J 2017-01-01 This text covers both multiple linear regression and some experimental design models. The text uses the response plot to visualize the model and to detect outliers, does not assume that the error distribution has a known parametric distribution, develops prediction intervals that work when the error distribution is unknown, suggests bootstrap hypothesis tests that may be useful for inference after variable selection, and develops prediction regions and large sample theory for the multivariate linear regression model that has m response variables. A relationship between multivariate prediction regions and confidence regions provides a simple way to bootstrap confidence regions. These confidence regions often provide a practical method for testing hypotheses. There is also a chapter on generalized linear models and generalized additive models. There are many R functions to produce response and residual plots, to simulate prediction intervals and hypothesis tests, to detect outliers, and to choose response trans... 10. Linear Colliders International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Alcaraz, J. 2001-01-01 After several years of study e''+ e''- linear colliders in the TeV range have emerged as the major and optimal high-energy physics projects for the post-LHC era. These notes summarize the present status form the main accelerator and detector features to their physics potential. The LHC era. These notes summarize the present status, from the main accelerator and detector features to their physics potential. The LHC is expected to provide first discoveries in the new energy domain, whereas an e''+ e''- linear collider in the 500 GeV-1 TeV will be able to complement it to an unprecedented level of precision in any possible areas: Higgs, signals beyond the SM and electroweak measurements. It is evident that the Linear Collider program will constitute a major step in the understanding of the nature of the new physics beyond the Standard Model. (Author) 22 refs 11. Linear algebra CERN Document Server Edwards, Harold M 1995-01-01 In his new undergraduate textbook, Harold M Edwards proposes a radically new and thoroughly algorithmic approach to linear algebra Originally inspired by the constructive philosophy of mathematics championed in the 19th century by Leopold Kronecker, the approach is well suited to students in the computer-dominated late 20th century Each proof is an algorithm described in English that can be translated into the computer language the class is using and put to work solving problems and generating new examples, making the study of linear algebra a truly interactive experience Designed for a one-semester course, this text adopts an algorithmic approach to linear algebra giving the student many examples to work through and copious exercises to test their skills and extend their knowledge of the subject Students at all levels will find much interactive instruction in this text while teachers will find stimulating examples and methods of approach to the subject 12. Copy number of the transposon, Pokey, in rDNA is positively correlated with rDNA copy number in Daphnia obtuse [corrected]. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Kaitlynn LeRiche Full Text Available Pokey is a class II DNA transposon that inserts into 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA genes and other genomic regions of species in the subgenus, Daphnia. Two divergent lineages, PokeyA and PokeyB have been identified. Recombination between misaligned rRNA genes changes their number and the number of Pokey elements. We used quantitative PCR (qPCR to estimate rRNA gene and Pokey number in isolates from natural populations of Daphnia obtusa, and in clonally-propagated mutation accumulation lines (MAL initiated from a single D. obtusa female. The change in direction and magnitude of Pokey and rRNA gene number did not show a consistent pattern across ∼ 87 generations in the MAL; however, Pokey and rRNA gene number changed in concert. PokeyA and 28S gene number were positively correlated in the isolates from both natural populations and the MAL. PokeyB number was much lower than PokeyA in both MAL and natural population isolates, and showed no correlation with 28S gene number. Preliminary analysis did not detect PokeyB outside rDNA in any isolates and detected only 0 to 4 copies of PokeyA outside rDNA indicating that Pokey may be primarily an rDNA element in D. obtusa. The recombination rate in this species is high and the average size of the rDNA locus is about twice as large as that in other Daphnia species such as D. pulicaria and D. pulex, which may have facilitated expansion of PokeyA to much higher numbers in D. obtusa rDNA than these other species. 13. Total homocysteine is positively correlated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat mass among overweight reproductive women: A cross-sectional study. Science.gov (United States) 2017-12-01 Conflicting associations between total homocysteine (tHcy), body mass index (BMI) lean body mass, and fat mass in the general population have been reported. We investigated the hypothesis that elevated tHcy levels are associated with increased BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat mass percent. In Jordan, obesity and overweight are prevalent among reproductive women and hyperhomocysteinemia, along with obesity and overweight, are independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The participants used in this cross-sectional study were 325 overweight Jordanian women aged between 18 and 49 years old. The main outcome measures were tHcy, BMI, WHR, fat mass, fat-free mass, and total body water. Serum tHcy was analyzed using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS) complete kit. The body compositions were measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Study participants were stratified according to their tHcy level into two groups, ≤10 μmol/L and >10 μmol/L, and the difference between mean values of body compositions was evaluated. The tHcy was significantly and negatively correlated with age, fat-free mass, and total body water, and significantly and positively correlated with BMI, hip circumference, WHR, fat mass, and dry lean weight. The chi-square and the independent sample t-tests showed statistically significant (P ≤ .05) differences between tHcy and BMI, WHR, fat and fat-free mass, and total body water percentages. In conclusion, BMI, WHR and body fat mass were found to be associated with elevated tHcy levels among overweight reproductive women, and they might be used as independent predictors of the tHcy level. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14. Positive Correlation between Enhanced Expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB with Insulin Resistance in Placentae of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Hui Feng Full Text Available Insulin resistance (IR is a critical factor of the pathophysiology of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM. Studies on key organs involved in IR, such as livers and adipose tissues, showed that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 can regulate insulin sensitivity. As a maternal-fetal interface with multi-functions, placentae could contribute to the development of IR for GDM. Thus, we investigated the expressions of TLR4/Myeloid Differentiation factor 88 (MyD88/Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB in term placentae from 33 GDM women and 36 healthy pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, evaluated local and systemic IR and furthermore identified the association between placental TLR4 and IR. TLR4 protein was expressed in various cells of term placenta, particularly in syncytiotrophoblast of villi. Compared with normal pregnancy, the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathway increased in the placenta of GDM (p<0.05, and these differences were more pronounced in the maternal section of the placenta and the syncytiotrophoblast of villi. In addition, more severe IR was observed in the placenta of GDM patients than the control group, evidenced with higher pIRS-1(ser312 (p<0.001 and lower IRS-1 (p<0.05 as well as pAkt proteins (p<0.01. The expression of TLR4 in placentae is positively correlated with local IR (pIRS-1: r = 0.76, p <0.001 and pAkt: r = -0.47, p <0.001 and maternal fasting (r = 0.42, p <0.01, one-hour (r = 0.52, p <0.01 and two-hour glucose (r = 0.54, p <0.01 at OGTT. We found an that enhanced expression of the TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB pathway occurs in GDM placentae, which positively correlates with heightened local IR in placentae and higher maternal hyperglycemia. The TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathway may play a potential role in the development of IR in placentae of GDM. 15. Correlates of facility delivery for rural HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in the MoMent Nigeria prospective cohort study. Science.gov (United States) Sam-Agudu, Nadia A; Isah, Christopher; Fan-Osuala, Chinenye; Erekaha, Salome; Ramadhani, Habib O; Anaba, Udochisom; Adeyemi, Olusegun A; Manji-Obadiah, Grace; Lee, Daniel; Cornelius, Llewellyn J; Charurat, Manhattan 2017-07-14 Low rates of maternal healthcare service utilization, including facility delivery, may impede progress in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and in reducing maternal and infant mortality. The MoMent (Mother Mentor) study investigated the impact of structured peer support on early infant diagnosis presentation and postpartum maternal retention in PMTCT care in rural Nigeria. This paper describes baseline characteristics and correlates of facility delivery among MoMent study participants. HIV-positive pregnant women were recruited at 20 rural Primary Healthcare Centers matched by antenatal care clinic volume, client HIV prevalence, and PMTCT service staffing. Baseline and delivery data were collected by participant interviews and medical record abstraction. Multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equation analysis was used to evaluate for correlates of facility delivery including exposure to structured (closely supervised Mentor Mother, intervention) vs unstructured (routine, control) peer support. Of 497 women enrolled, 352 (71%) were between 21 and 30 years old, 319 (64%) were Christian, 245 (49%) had received secondary or higher education, 402 (81%) were multigravidae and 299 (60%) newly HIV-diagnosed. Delivery data was available for 445 (90%) participants, and 276 (62%) of these women delivered at a health facility. Facility delivery did not differ by type of peer support; however, it was positively associated with secondary or greater education (aOR 1.9, CI 1.1-3.2) and Christian affiliation (OR 1.4, CI 1.0-2.0) and negatively associated with primigravidity (OR 0.5; 0.3-0.9) and new HIV diagnosis (OR 0.6, CI 0.4-0.9). Primary-level or lesser-educated HIV-infected pregnant women and those newly-diagnosed and primigravid should be prioritized for interventions to improve facility delivery rates and ultimately, healthy outcomes. Incremental gains in facility delivery from structured peer support appear limited 16. Definition of a reference metrology network for the positioning of a large linear accelerator; Definition d'un reseau de reference metrologique pour le positionnement d'un grand accelerateur lineaire Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Becker, F 2003-12-15 This thesis is a study of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) alignment system, a project of linear accelerator of about 30 km long of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The pre-alignment tolerance on the transverse positions of the components of the CLIC linacs is typically ten microns over distances of 200 m. This research is a consequence of 10 years work, where several sets of special sensors dedicated to metrology have been adapted for the CLIC project. Most of these sensors deliver measurements linked to geometric references sensitive to gravity fluctuation. An important part of this work is therefore dedicated to study the gravity disruptions as a high level of accuracy is required. The parameters to take into account in the use of the hydrostatic leveling have thus been highlighted. A proposal of configuration of the system alignment based on a selection of sensors has also been given in this research. Computer models of different possible configurations have been presented. As the existing computing software was inappropriate, a new object oriented software package has been developed, to ensure future upgrades. An optimized configuration of the network has been defined from a set of simulations. Finally, due to problems in the use of hydrostatic leveling systems, a solution based on the use of a long laser beam as an alternative solution is discussed. (author) 17. Positive correlation between blood pressure or heart rate and chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming activity in circulating mononuclear leukocytes measured by new ELISA. Science.gov (United States) Okamura, Keisuke; Okuda, Tetsu; Shirai, Kazuyuki; Urata, Hidenori 2018-01-01 The aim of the present study was to establish a convenient clinically applicable assay method for chymase-dependent angiotensin II forming activity of circulating mononuclear leukocytes (CML), which was potentially a marker of tissue chymase activity. Using this method, association between CML chymase activity and clinical parameters was determined. Cardiovascular outpatients (n = 170) without taking antihypertensive medication were recruited. An ELISA for chymase-dependent angiotensin II-forming activity in CML was established using Nma /Dnp-modified angiotensin I. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age and male gender were significant independent determinants of the increased CML chymase activity. After adjustment by age and gender, the CML chymase activity was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and the brain natriuretic peptide level. The relation between blood pressure and CML chymase activity suggests that it might reflect that increased tissue chymase activity contributes to systemic high blood pressure and heart rate because plasma chymase is inactive due to inhibitory plasma inhibitors. 18. Increased levels of advanced glycation end products positively correlate with iron overload and oxidative stress markers in patients with β-thalassemia major. Science.gov (United States) Mirlohi, Maryam Sadat; Yaghooti, Hamid; Shirali, Saeed; Aminasnafi, Ali; Olapour, Samaneh 2018-04-01 The impaired biosynthesis of the β-globin chain in β-thalassemia leads to the accumulation of unpaired alpha globin chains, failure in hemoglobin formation, and iron overload due to frequent blood transfusion. Iron excess causes oxidative stress and massive tissue injuries. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are harmful agents, and their production accelerates in oxidative conditions. This study was conducted on 45 patients with major β-thalassemia who received frequent blood transfusions and chelation therapy and were compared to 40 healthy subjects. Metabolic parameters including glycemic and iron indices, hepatic and renal functions tests, oxidative stress markers, and AGEs (carboxymethyl-lysine and pentosidine) levels were measured. All parameters were significantly increased in β-thalassemia compared to the control except for glutathione levels. Blood glucose, iron, serum ferritin, non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), MDA, soluble form of low-density lipoprotein receptor, glutathione peroxidase, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and AGE levels were significantly higher in the β-thalassemia patients. Iron and ferritin showed a significant positive correlation with pentosidine (P overload in β-thalassemia major patients and highlight the enhanced formation of AGEs, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of β-thalassemia major. 19. The Positive Correlation of the Enhanced Immune Response to PCV2 Subunit Vaccine by Conjugation of Chitosan Oligosaccharide with the Deacetylation Degree. Science.gov (United States) Zhang, Guiqiang; Cheng, Gong; Jia, Peiyuan; Jiao, Siming; Feng, Cui; Hu, Tao; Liu, Hongtao; Du, Yuguang 2017-07-26 Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), the degraded products of chitosan, have been demonstrated to have versatile biological functions. In primary studies, it has displayed significant adjuvant effects when mixed with other vaccines. In this study, chitosan oligosaccharides with different deacetylation degrees were prepared and conjugated to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subunit vaccine to enhance its immunogenicity. The vaccine conjugates were designed by the covalent linkage of COSs to PCV2 molecules and administered to BALB/c mice three times at two-week intervals. The results indicate that, as compared to the PCV2 group, COS-PCV2 conjugates remarkably enhanced both humoral and cellular immunity against PCV2 by promoting lymphocyte proliferation and initiating a mixed T-helper 1 (Th1)/T-helper 2 (Th2) response, including raised levels of PCV2-specific antibodies and an increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Noticeably, with the increasing deacetylation degree, the stronger immune responses to PCV2 were observed in the groups with COS-PCV2 vaccination. In comparison with NACOS (chitin oligosaccharides)-PCV2 and LCOS (chitosan oligosaccharides with low deacetylation degree)-PCV2, HCOS (chitosan oligosaccharides with high deacetylation degree)-PCV2 showed the highest adjuvant effect, even comparable to that of PCV2/ISA206 (a commercialized adjuvant) group. In summary, COS conjugation might be a viable strategy to enhance the immune response to PCV2 subunit vaccine, and the adjuvant effect was positively correlated with the deacetylation degree of COS. 20. Linear programming CERN Document Server Karloff, Howard 1991-01-01 To this reviewer’s knowledge, this is the first book accessible to the upper division undergraduate or beginning graduate student that surveys linear programming from the Simplex Method…via the Ellipsoid algorithm to Karmarkar’s algorithm. Moreover, its point of view is algorithmic and thus it provides both a history and a case history of work in complexity theory. The presentation is admirable; Karloff's style is informal (even humorous at times) without sacrificing anything necessary for understanding. Diagrams (including horizontal brackets that group terms) aid in providing clarity. The end-of-chapter notes are helpful...Recommended highly for acquisition, since it is not only a textbook, but can also be used for independent reading and study. —Choice Reviews The reader will be well served by reading the monograph from cover to cover. The author succeeds in providing a concise, readable, understandable introduction to modern linear programming. —Mathematics of Computing This is a textbook intend... 1. Distributed lags time series analysis versus linear correlation analysis (Pearson's r) in identifying the relationship between antipseudomonal antibiotic consumption and the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in a single Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital. Science.gov (United States) Erdeljić, Viktorija; Francetić, Igor; Bošnjak, Zrinka; Budimir, Ana; Kalenić, Smilja; Bielen, Luka; Makar-Aušperger, Ksenija; Likić, Robert 2011-05-01 The relationship between antibiotic consumption and selection of resistant strains has been studied mainly by employing conventional statistical methods. A time delay in effect must be anticipated and this has rarely been taken into account in previous studies. Therefore, distributed lags time series analysis and simple linear correlation were compared in their ability to evaluate this relationship. Data on monthly antibiotic consumption for ciprofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, carbapenems and cefepime as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility were retrospectively collected for the period April 2006 to July 2007. Using distributed lags analysis, a significant temporal relationship was identified between ciprofloxacin, meropenem and cefepime consumption and the resistance rates of P. aeruginosa isolates to these antibiotics. This effect was lagged for ciprofloxacin and cefepime [1 month (R=0.827, P=0.039) and 2 months (R=0.962, P=0.001), respectively] and was simultaneous for meropenem (lag 0, R=0.876, P=0.002). Furthermore, a significant concomitant effect of meropenem consumption on the appearance of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains (resistant to three or more representatives of classes of antibiotics) was identified (lag 0, R=0.992, PPearson's correlation coefficient. Correlation coefficient analysis was not able to identify relationships between antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance when the effect was delayed. These results indicate that the use of diverse statistical methods can yield significantly different results, thus leading to the introduction of possibly inappropriate infection control measures. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. 2. Reduction of Linear Programming to Linear Approximation OpenAIRE Vaserstein, Leonid N. 2006-01-01 It is well known that every Chebyshev linear approximation problem can be reduced to a linear program. In this paper we show that conversely every linear program can be reduced to a Chebyshev linear approximation problem. 3. Linear induction motor International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Barkman, W.E.; Adams, W.Q.; Berrier, B.R. 1978-01-01 A linear induction motor has been operated on a test bed with a feedback pulse resolution of 5 nm (0.2 μin). Slewing tests with this slide drive have shown positioning errors less than or equal to 33 nm (1.3 μin) at feedrates between 0 and 25.4 mm/min (0-1 ipm). A 0.86-m (34-in)-stroke linear motor is being investigated, using the SPACO machine as a test bed. Initial results were encouraging, and work is continuing to optimize the servosystem compensation 4. Positive and negative symptom scores are correlated with activation in different brain regions during facial emotion perception in schizophrenia patients: a voxel-based sLORETA source activity study. Science.gov (United States) Kim, Do-Won; Kim, Han-Sung; Lee, Seung-Hwan; Im, Chang-Hwan 2013-12-01 Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating of all mental illnesses, and has dimensional characteristics that include both positive and negative symptoms. One problem reported in schizophrenia patients is that they tend to show deficits in face emotion processing, on which negative symptoms are thought to have stronger influence. In this study, four event-related potential (ERP) components (P100, N170, N250, and P300) and their source activities were analyzed using EEG data acquired from 23 schizophrenia patients while they were presented with facial emotion picture stimuli. Correlations between positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores and source activations during facial emotion processing were calculated to identify the brain areas affected by symptom scores. Our analysis demonstrates that PANSS positive scores are negatively correlated with major areas of the left temporal lobule for early ERP components (P100, N170) and with the right middle frontal lobule for a later component (N250), which indicates that positive symptoms affect both early face processing and facial emotion processing. On the other hand, PANSS negative scores are negatively correlated with several clustered regions, including the left fusiform gyrus (at P100), most of which are not overlapped with regions showing correlations with PANSS positive scores. Our results suggest that positive and negative symptoms affect independent brain regions during facial emotion processing, which may help to explain the heterogeneous characteristics of schizophrenia. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 5. Aspectos lineares e espaciais da correlação entre a produtividade de forragem de milho e a porosidade do solo sob plantio direto Linear and spatial aspects of the correlation between the corn forage yield and the soil porosity under no-tillage Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Ronaldo C. Lima 2009-03-01 analyze the variability and the linear and spatial correlations between soil and plant features, aiming at selecting a physical quality indicator which represents the forage yield. The geostatistical mesh to collect soil and plant data with 125 sampling stations has been established in an area of 2.500 m². In general, the studied features showed variability between low and very high. They were under clearly defined spatial patterns, with ranges of spatial dependence between 6.6 and 31.1 meters. Despite the fact that the simple linear correlation between CFY and MI at 0.10-0.20 m deep (M2 was low, it was extremely significant. However, from the spatial point of view, there was high inverse correlation between such variables. Therefore, the MI2 proved to be an excellent indicator for the soil physical quality of Pereira Barreto - SP, when it is intended to grow corn forage. 6. Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Science.gov (United States) Schober, Patrick; Boer, Christa; Schwarte, Lothar A 2018-05-01 Correlation in the broadest sense is a measure of an association between variables. In correlated data, the change in the magnitude of 1 variable is associated with a change in the magnitude of another variable, either in the same (positive correlation) or in the opposite (negative correlation) direction. Most often, the term correlation is used in the context of a linear relationship between 2 continuous variables and expressed as Pearson product-moment correlation. The Pearson correlation coefficient is typically used for jointly normally distributed data (data that follow a bivariate normal distribution). For nonnormally distributed continuous data, for ordinal data, or for data with relevant outliers, a Spearman rank correlation can be used as a measure of a monotonic association. Both correlation coefficients are scaled such that they range from -1 to +1, where 0 indicates that there is no linear or monotonic association, and the relationship gets stronger and ultimately approaches a straight line (Pearson correlation) or a constantly increasing or decreasing curve (Spearman correlation) as the coefficient approaches an absolute value of 1. Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals can be used to address the statistical significance of the results and to estimate the strength of the relationship in the population from which the data were sampled. The aim of this tutorial is to guide researchers and clinicians in the appropriate use and interpretation of correlation coefficients. 7. Estimativas de correlações genéticas entre escores visuais e características de carcaça medidas por ultrassonografia em bovinos Nelore utilizando modelos bayesianos linear-limiar Genetic correlation estimates between visual scores and carcass traits measured by ultrasound in Nelore cattle using linear-threshold bayesian models Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Carina Ubirajara de Faria 2009-11-01 Full Text Available O objetivo neste estudo foi estimar as correlações genéticas entre escores visuais e características de carcaça medidas por ultrassonografia em bovinos da raça Nelore utilizando a estatística bayesiana por meio da Amostragem de Gibbs, sob modelo animal linear-limiar. Foram estudadas as características categóricas morfológicas de musculosidade, estrutura física, conformação e sacro, avaliadas aos 15 e 22 meses de idade. Para as características de carcaça, foram avaliadas as características área de olho-de-lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, espessura de gordura subcutânea na garupa e altura na garupa. Os escores visuais devem ser empregados como critérios de seleção para aumentar o progresso genético para a característica área de olhode-lombo e, consequentemente, melhorar o rendimento de carcaça. As estimativas de correlação genética obtidas para musculosidade com espessura de gordura subcutânea e espessura de gordura subcutânea na garupa indicaram que a seleção para musculosidade pode levar a animais com melhor acabamento de carcaça. A seleção para a estrutura física e conformação aos 15 e 22 meses de idade pode promover resposta correlacionada para o aumento da altura na garupa.The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlations between visual scores and the carcass traits measured by ultrasound, in Nellore breed cattle, using the bayesian statistics by Gibbs Sampling, in the linear-threshold model. The morphological categorical traits of musculature, physical structure, conformation and sacrum were studied, evaluated at 15 and 22 months. The carcass traits of the longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, rump fat thickness and hip height were evaluated. Visual scores should be used as selection criterion to increase genetic progress for the longissumus muscle area. The estimates of genetic correlations obtained between musculature and backfat thickness and rump fat thickness Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Tanwiwat Jaikuna 2017-02-01 Full Text Available Purpose: To develop an in-house software program that is able to calculate and generate the biological dose distribution and biological dose volume histogram by physical dose conversion using the linear-quadratic-linear (LQL model. Material and methods : The Isobio software was developed using MATLAB version 2014b to calculate and generate the biological dose distribution and biological dose volume histograms. The physical dose from each voxel in treatment planning was extracted through Computational Environment for Radiotherapy Research (CERR, and the accuracy was verified by the differentiation between the dose volume histogram from CERR and the treatment planning system. An equivalent dose in 2 Gy fraction (EQD2 was calculated using biological effective dose (BED based on the LQL model. The software calculation and the manual calculation were compared for EQD2 verification with pair t-test statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 (64-bit. Results: Two and three-dimensional biological dose distribution and biological dose volume histogram were displayed correctly by the Isobio software. Different physical doses were found between CERR and treatment planning system (TPS in Oncentra, with 3.33% in high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV determined by D90%, 0.56% in the bladder, 1.74% in the rectum when determined by D2cc, and less than 1% in Pinnacle. The difference in the EQD2 between the software calculation and the manual calculation was not significantly different with 0.00% at p-values 0.820, 0.095, and 0.593 for external beam radiation therapy (EBRT and 0.240, 0.320, and 0.849 for brachytherapy (BT in HR-CTV, bladder, and rectum, respectively. Conclusions : The Isobio software is a feasible tool to generate the biological dose distribution and biological dose volume histogram for treatment plan evaluation in both EBRT and BT. 9. Linear Motor With Air Slide Science.gov (United States) Johnson, Bruce G.; Gerver, Michael J.; Hawkey, Timothy J.; Fenn, Ralph C. 1993-01-01 Improved linear actuator comprises air slide and linear electric motor. Unit exhibits low friction, low backlash, and more nearly even acceleration. Used in machinery in which positions, velocities, and accelerations must be carefully controlled and/or vibrations must be suppressed. 10. Spatial Processes in Linear Ordering Science.gov (United States) von Hecker, Ulrich; Klauer, Karl Christoph; Wolf, Lukas; Fazilat-Pour, Masoud 2016-01-01 Memory performance in linear order reasoning tasks (A > B, B > C, C > D, etc.) shows quicker, and more accurate responses to queries on wider (AD) than narrower (AB) pairs on a hypothetical linear mental model (A -- B -- C -- D). While indicative of an analogue representation, research so far did not provide positive evidence for spatial… 11. Reciprocating linear motor Science.gov (United States) Goldowsky, Michael P. (Inventor) 1987-01-01 A reciprocating linear motor is formed with a pair of ring-shaped permanent magnets having opposite radial polarizations, held axially apart by a nonmagnetic yoke, which serves as an axially displaceable armature assembly. A pair of annularly wound coils having axial lengths which differ from the axial lengths of the permanent magnets are serially coupled together in mutual opposition and positioned with an outer cylindrical core in axial symmetry about the armature assembly. One embodiment includes a second pair of annularly wound coils serially coupled together in mutual opposition and an inner cylindrical core positioned in axial symmetry inside the armature radially opposite to the first pair of coils. Application of a potential difference across a serial connection of the two pairs of coils creates a current flow perpendicular to the magnetic field created by the armature magnets, thereby causing limited linear displacement of the magnets relative to the coils. 12. Linear pneumatic actuator Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Avram Mihai 2017-01-01 Full Text Available The paper presents a linear pneumatic actuator with short working stroke. It consists of a pneumatic motor (a simple stroke cylinder or a membrane chamber, two 2/2 pneumatic distributors “all or nothing” electrically commanded for controlling the intake/outtake flow to/from the active chamber of the motor, a position transducer and a microcontroller. There is also presented the theoretical analysis (mathematical modelling and numerical simulation accomplished. 13. Linear pneumatic actuator OpenAIRE Avram Mihai; Niţu Constantin; Bucşan Constantin; Grămescu Bogdan 2017-01-01 The paper presents a linear pneumatic actuator with short working stroke. It consists of a pneumatic motor (a simple stroke cylinder or a membrane chamber), two 2/2 pneumatic distributors “all or nothing” electrically commanded for controlling the intake/outtake flow to/from the active chamber of the motor, a position transducer and a microcontroller. There is also presented the theoretical analysis (mathematical modelling and numerical simulation) accomplished. 14. Linear step drive International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Haniger, L.; Elger, R.; Kocandrle, L.; Zdebor, J. 1986-01-01 A linear step drive is described developed in Czechoslovak-Soviet cooperation and intended for driving WWER-1000 control rods. The functional principle is explained of the motor and the mechanical and electrical parts of the drive, power control, and the indicator of position are described. The motor has latches situated in the reactor at a distance of 3 m from magnetic armatures, it has a low structural height above the reactor cover, which suggests its suitability for seismic localities. Its magnetic circuits use counterpoles; the mechanical shocks at the completion of each step are damped using special design features. The position indicator is of a special design and evaluates motor position within ±1% of total travel. A drive diagram and the flow chart of both the control electronics and the position indicator are presented. (author) 4 figs 15. Reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation prevented by pathological position of the transverse ligament in fixed, irreducible os odontoideum: operative illustrations and radiographic correlates in 41 patients. Science.gov (United States) Dlouhy, Brian J; Policeni, Bruno A; Menezes, Arnold H 2017-07-01 associated hyperintense signal on T2 images. Intraoperatively, the transverse ligament was identified anterior and inferior to the ossicle and superior to the hypoplastic odontoid process in all 41 cases. CONCLUSIONS In the largest series to date of irreducible OO and the only study to examine variable factors that lead to irreducibility in OO, the authors found that the position of the transverse ligament anterior and inferior to the ossicle is the most common factor in the irreducibility of OO. The presence of granulation tissue and of the dystopic variant of OO is also associated with irreducibility. The presence of Down syndrome and segmentation failure probably leads to faster progression of ligamentous incompetence and therefore earlier presentation of instability and irreducibility. This is the first study in which intraoperative findings regarding the transverse ligament have been correlated with MRI. 16. Estimation of Ion Competition via Correlated Responsivity Offset in Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Theory and Practical Use in the Analysis of Cyanobacterial Hepatotoxin Microcystin-LR in Extracts of Food Additives Science.gov (United States) Hrouzek, Pavel; Štys, Dalibor; Martens, Harald 2013-01-01 Responsivity is a conversion qualification of a measurement device given by the functional dependence between the input and output quantities. A concentration-response-dependent calibration curve represents the most simple experiment for the measurement of responsivity in mass spectrometry. The cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR content in complex biological matrices of food additives was chosen as a model example of a typical problem. The calibration curves for pure microcystin and its mixtures with extracts of green alga and fish meat were reconstructed from the series of measurement. A novel approach for the quantitative estimation of ion competition in ESI is proposed in this paper. We define the correlated responsivity offset in the intensity values using the approximation of minimal correlation given by the matrix to the target mass values of the analyte. The estimation of the matrix influence enables the approximation of the position of a priori unknown responsivity and was easily evaluated using a simple algorithm. The method itself is directly derived from the basic attributes of the theory of measurements. There is sufficient agreement between the theoretical and experimental values. However, some theoretical issues are discussed to avoid misinterpretations and excessive expectations. PMID:23586036 17. Estimation of Ion Competition via Correlated Responsivity Offset in Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Theory and Practical Use in the Analysis of Cyanobacterial Hepatotoxin Microcystin-LR in Extracts of Food Additives Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Jan Urban 2013-01-01 Full Text Available Responsivity is a conversion qualification of a measurement device given by the functional dependence between the input and output quantities. A concentration-response-dependent calibration curve represents the most simple experiment for the measurement of responsivity in mass spectrometry. The cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR content in complex biological matrices of food additives was chosen as a model example of a typical problem. The calibration curves for pure microcystin and its mixtures with extracts of green alga and fish meat were reconstructed from the series of measurement. A novel approach for the quantitative estimation of ion competition in ESI is proposed in this paper. We define the correlated responsivity offset in the intensity values using the approximation of minimal correlation given by the matrix to the target mass values of the analyte. The estimation of the matrix influence enables the approximation of the position of a priori unknown responsivity and was easily evaluated using a simple algorithm. The method itself is directly derived from the basic attributes of the theory of measurements. There is sufficient agreement between the theoretical and experimental values. However, some theoretical issues are discussed to avoid misinterpretations and excessive expectations. 18. Estimation of ion competition via correlated responsivity offset in linear ion trap mass spectrometry analysis: theory and practical use in the analysis of cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR in extracts of food additives. Science.gov (United States) Urban, Jan; Hrouzek, Pavel; Stys, Dalibor; Martens, Harald 2013-01-01 Responsivity is a conversion qualification of a measurement device given by the functional dependence between the input and output quantities. A concentration-response-dependent calibration curve represents the most simple experiment for the measurement of responsivity in mass spectrometry. The cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR content in complex biological matrices of food additives was chosen as a model example of a typical problem. The calibration curves for pure microcystin and its mixtures with extracts of green alga and fish meat were reconstructed from the series of measurement. A novel approach for the quantitative estimation of ion competition in ESI is proposed in this paper. We define the correlated responsivity offset in the intensity values using the approximation of minimal correlation given by the matrix to the target mass values of the analyte. The estimation of the matrix influence enables the approximation of the position of a priori unknown responsivity and was easily evaluated using a simple algorithm. The method itself is directly derived from the basic attributes of the theory of measurements. There is sufficient agreement between the theoretical and experimental values. However, some theoretical issues are discussed to avoid misinterpretations and excessive expectations. 19. Clinical significance of the position of dorsal root ganglia in degenerative lumbar diseases. Correlation between anatomic study and imaging study with MRI Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Seki, Masahiro; Kikuchi, Tomiichi [Fukushima Medical Coll., Matsuoka (Japan) 1995-06-01 In order to estimate the ralationship between the position of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and radicular symptoms, anatomical study was done on 81 cadavers, and a clinical study with MRI was done on 20 cases of lumbar disc herniation and 20 of lumbar spondylosis with L{sub 5} radiculopathy. The position of DRG is not related to the occurrence of radicular symptoms in disc herniation, while in lumbar spondylosis proximally placed DRG are related to both of unilateral and bilateral occurrence of redicular symptoms. Unilateral occurrence of radicular symptoms is influenced by surrounding tissues of the nerve root, rather than the position of DRG. (author). 20. Clinical significance of the position of dorsal root ganglia in degenerative lumbar diseases. Correlation between anatomic study and imaging study with MRI International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Seki, Masahiro; Kikuchi, Tomiichi 1995-01-01 In order to estimate the ralationship between the position of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and radicular symptoms, anatomical study was done on 81 cadavers, and a clinical study with MRI was done on 20 cases of lumbar disc herniation and 20 of lumbar spondylosis with L 5 radiculopathy. The position of DRG is not related to the occurrence of radicular symptoms in disc herniation, while in lumbar spondylosis proximally placed DRG are related to both of unilateral and bilateral occurrence of redicular symptoms. Unilateral occurrence of radicular symptoms is influenced by surrounding tissues of the nerve root, rather than the position of DRG. (author) 1. Position Statement on Motivations, Methodologies, and Practical Implications of Educational Neuroscience Research: fMRI Studies of the Neural Correlates of Creative Intelligence Science.gov (United States) Geake, John 2011-01-01 In this position statement it is argued that educational neuroscience must necessarily be relevant to, and therefore have implications for, both educational theory and practice. Consequently, educational neuroscientific research necessarily must embrace educational research questions in its remit. 2. Comparison of Anger camera and BGO mosaic position-sensitive detectors for Super ACAR. Precision electron momentum densities via angular correlation of annihilation radiation Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) Mills, A.P. Jr. [Bell Labs. Murray Hill, NJ (United States); West, R.N.; Hyodo, Toshio 1997-03-01 We discuss the relative merits of Anger cameras and Bismuth Germanate mosaic counters for measuring the angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation at a facility such as the proposed Positron Factory at Takasaki. The two possibilities appear equally cost effective at this time. (author) 3. Heat production and storage are positively correlated with measures of body size/composition and heart rate drift during vigorous running. Science.gov (United States) Buresh, Robert; Berg, Kris; Noble, John 2005-09-01 The purposes of this study were to determine the relationships between: (a) measures of body size/composition and heat production/storage, and (b) heat production/storage and heart rate (HR) drift during running at 95% of the velocity that elicited lactate threshold, which was determined for 20 healthy recreational male runners. Subsequently, changes in skin and tympanic temperatures associated with a vigorous 20-min run, HR, and VO2 data were recorded. It was found that heat production was significantly correlated with body mass (r = .687), lean mass (r = .749), and body surface area (BSA, r = .699). Heat storage was significantly correlated with body mass (r = .519), fat mass (r = .464), and BSA (r = .498). The percentage of produced heat stored was significantly correlated with body mass (r = .427), fat mass (r = .455), and BSA (r = .414). Regression analysis showed that the sum of body mass, percentage of body fat, BSA, lean mass, and fat mass accounted for 30% of the variability in heat storage. It was also found that HR drift was significantly correlated with heat storage (r = .383), percentage of produced heat stored (r = .433), and core temperature change (r = .450). It was concluded that heavier runners experienced greater heat production, heat storage, and core temperature increases than lighter runners during vigorous running. 4. Correlação linear e espacial entre a produtividade de forragem, a porosidade total e a densidade do solo de Pereira Barreto (SP Linear and spatial correlations between forage yield, total porosity and bulk density in Pereira Barreto, Brazil Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Cesar Gustavo da Rocha Lima 2007-12-01 , plant attributes were analyzed in an irrigated fall corn crop under no-tillage besides some soil characteristics (total porosity-TP and bulk density-BD, in a Haplic Acrustox on the Fazenda Bonança (Dahma Agricultural Company in Pereira Barreto County, Sao Paulo State, Brazil (20 ° 40 ' 12 '' latitude S; 51 ° 01 '50 '' longitude W. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the variability, and linear and spatial correlations among the attributes (plant and soil in order to identify an indicator of soil physical quality for corn forage productivity (CPF . A geostatistical grid was installed to collect soil and plant data, with 125 sample points, over an area of 2.500 m². The studied attributes did not vary randomly and the variability was medium to low, with well defined patterns. The spatial range varied between 6.8 and 23.7 m. On the other hand, the linear correlations between the CPF with the soil attributes (TP and BD were low due to the high data number. BD1 and TP1 were best correlated with the CPF. However, concerning the spatial variability, the inverse correlations between CPF and BD1, as well as between BD1 and TP1 were excellent. The BD1 increased (1.45-1.64 kg dm-3 when the CPF varied from 11.653 to14.552 kg ha-1. At the sites where bulk density decreased (1.35-1.45 kg dm-3 the CPF varied from 14.552 to17.450 kg ha-1. Thus, the bulk density in the 0-0.10 m soil layer proved to be a satisfactory index of the soil physical quality regarding forage yield of fall corn. 5. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expression correlates positively with active angiogenesis and negatively with basic fibroblast growth factor expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Science.gov (United States) Szubert, Sebastian; Szpurek, Dariusz; Moszynski, Rafal; Nowicki, Michal; Frankowski, Andrzej; Sajdak, Stefan; Michalak, Slawomir 2014-03-01 The primary aim of this paper was to evaluate the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its relationship with proangiogenic factors and microvessel density (MVD) in ovarian cancer. The study group included 58 epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs), 35 benign ovarian tumors, and 21 normal ovaries. The expression of EMMPRIN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was assessed by ELISA of tissue homogenates. Antibodies against CD105, CD31, and CD34 were used to immunohistochemically assess MVD. We have found significantly higher EMMPRIN expression in EOC than in benign ovarian tumors and normal ovaries. Similarly, the VEGF expression was higher in EOC than in benign ovarian tumors and normal ovaries. By contrast, bFGF expression was lower in EOC than in benign ovarian tumors and ovary samples. EMMPRIN expression in EOC was directly correlated with VEGF expression and CD105-MVD, but inversely correlated with bFGF expression. Grade 2/3 ovarian cancers had increased expression of EMMPRIN and VEGF, increased CD105-MVD, and lowered expression of bFGF compared to grade 1 ovarian cancers. Moreover, EMMPRIN expression was higher in advanced (FIGO III and IV) ovarian cancer. The upregulation of EMMPRIN and VEGF expression is correlated with increased CD105-MVD and silenced bFGF, which suggests early and/or reactivated angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. Aggressive EOC is characterized by the following: high expression of EMMPRIN and VEGF, high CD105-MVD, and low expression of bFGF. 6. Positive affect and negative affect correlate differently with distress and health-related quality of life in patients with cardiac conditions: Validation of the Danish Global Mood Scale DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Spindler, Helle; Denollet, Johan; Kruse, Charlotte 2009-01-01 The Global Mood Scale (GMS), assessing negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA), is sensitive to tapping treatment-related changes in patients with cardiac conditions. We examined the psychometric properties of the Danish GMS and the influence of NA and PA on distress and health-related qual... 7. Linear Algebra and Smarandache Linear Algebra OpenAIRE Vasantha, Kandasamy 2003-01-01 The present book, on Smarandache linear algebra, not only studies the Smarandache analogues of linear algebra and its applications, it also aims to bridge the need for new research topics pertaining to linear algebra, purely in the algebraic sense. We have introduced Smarandache semilinear algebra, Smarandache bilinear algebra and Smarandache anti-linear algebra and their fuzzy equivalents. Moreover, in this book, we have brought out the study of linear algebra and vector spaces over finite p... 8. Positive correlation between circulating cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (hCAP18/LL-37) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy adults DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Dixon, Brian M; Barker, Tyler; McKinnon, Toni 2012-01-01 ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Transcription of the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is induced by binding of the bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, to the vitamin D receptor. Significant levels of the protein hCAP18/LL-37 are found in the blood and may protect against...... = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that plasma hCAP18 levels correlate with serum 25(OH)D levels in subjects with concentrations of 25(OH)D 32 ng/ml and that vitamin D status may regulate systemic levels of hCAP18/LL-37.... 9. Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as correlates of help-seeking behaviour and the duration of untreated psychosis in south-east Nigeria Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden) Paul Chigozie Odinka 2014-11-01 Full Text Available Background. Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP has been widely recognised in recent years as a potentially important predictor of illness outcome, and the manifestations of schizophrenia have been known to influence its early recognition as a mental illness.  Objective. To assess the association between the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, help-seeking and DUP.  Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study of 360 patients with schizophrenia, who had had no previous contact with Western mental health services. The Sociodemographic Questionnaire, World Health Organization Pathway Encounter Form and a questionnaire to establish DUP were used. The positive and negative syndrome scale and Composite International Diagnostic Interview were used for the assessment of mental disorders and to diagnose. Results. Respondents who had predominant positive symptoms and who had a median DUP of 8 weeks or 24 weeks, tended to use psychiatric hospitals and other Western medical facilities, respectively, as their first treatment options. However, those who had predominant negative symptoms and who had a median DUP of 144 weeks or 310 weeks, tended to use faith healers and traditional healers, respectively, as first treatment options. Conclusion. The predominance of negative symptoms could militate against early presentation among people with schizophrenia, probably because negative symptoms are poorly recognised as indicating mental illness in Nigeria, as they could be interpreted as deviant behaviour or spiritual problems that would require spiritual solutions. 10. Cephalometric Evaluation of the Hyoid Bone Position in Lebanese Healthy Young Adults. Science.gov (United States) Daraze, Antoine 2018-05-01 The objectives of this study are to assess hyoid sagittal and vertical position, and potential correlations with gender, skeletal class, and anthropometrics. Twenty-seven cephalometric linear, angular, and ratio measurements for the hyoid were recorded on lateral cephalograms obtained from 117 healthy young Lebanese adults. Anthropometric parameters including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and neck circumference (NC) were measured. Statistically significant gender differences were demonstrated for 21 out of 27 parameters considered. All linear and two out of three angular measurements defining the vertical hyoid position were larger in males compared with females. Five linear, one angular, and two ratio measurements showed differences in the sagittal dimension. Skeletal classes did not influence the sagittal and vertical hyoid position. Anthropometric variables as height were strongly correlated to the vertical hyoid position, while weight correlated more sagittally. Cephalometric norms for hyoid position were established, sexual dimorphism and ethnic differences were demonstrated. Skeletal patterns did not influence the sagittal and vertical hyoid bone position. Anthropometric parameters, such as BMI correlated the least to both vertical and sagittal hyoid position measurements, while the impact of height and weight as separate entities made a paradigm shift providing accurate and strong correlation of the vertical hyoid position to the height, and the sagittal hyoid position to the weight of individuals. The cephalometric norms for the hyoid bone position in the Lebanese population established in the present study are of paramount clinical importance and should be considered in planning combined orthodontic and breathing disorders treatments. 11. Improved axial position detection in optical tweezers measurements DEFF Research Database (Denmark) Dreyer, Jakob Kisbye; Berg-Sørensen, Kirstine; Oddershede, Lene 2004-01-01 We investigate the axial position detection of a trapped microsphere in an optical trap by using a quadrant photodiode. By replacing the photodiode with a CCD camera, we obtain detailed information on the light scattered by the microsphere. The correlation of the interference pattern with the axial...... position displays complex behavior with regions of positive and negative interference. By analyzing the scattered light intensity as a function of the axial position of the trapped sphere, we propose a simple method to increase the sensitivity and control the linear range of axial position detection.... 12. CERN balances linear collider studies CERN Multimedia ILC Newsline 2011-01-01 The forces behind the two most mature proposals for a next-generation collider, the International Linear Collider (ILC) and the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study, have been steadily coming together, with scientists from both communities sharing ideas and information across the technology divide. In a support of cooperation between the two, CERN in Switzerland, where most CLIC research takes place, recently converted the project-specific position of CLIC Study Leader to the concept-based Linear Collider Study Leader.   The scientist who now holds this position, Steinar Stapnes, is charged with making the linear coll

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### 17.5.20 Chain Rule Example, Economics Word Problem First, just set up the problem and what we are looking for. We have and we are trying to find; and what is partial-P over partial-L? - Well, capital-P isn't a direct function of capital-L, we'll therefore need the chain rule to get through the intermediate variables inside Going throw the terms inside the brackets one-by-one, l we don't know -- if we were given a functional form for  we could probably find it, but for now we'll just leave it as is pretty simple, given , it's just . isn't known. Given a functional form of  we could probably solve for it -- but now we'll just leave it at is. We are told to assume that k is independent of L & h. Which implies that . Great, so we can rewrite the above as; which further simplifies to the follow, Now let's find Now let's break open Now we're going to go through each one of those four terms inside the bracket; isn't known to us now. If we were given a functional form for P, we could probably find it easily. But for now we leave as is. - since we are told that , this implies that isn't known to us now. Again, if we were given a function form for P, finding this term wouldn't be too hard. But for now we leave it as is. , since we were told in the question that k is independent of h (and L). This means that the above terms simplifies into the following;

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Ask Dr. Math High School Archive Dr. Math Home || Elementary || Middle School || High School || College || Dr. Math FAQ TOPICS This page:   basic algebra    Search   Dr. Math See also the Dr. Math FAQ:   cubic and   quartic equations and   order of operations Internet Library:   basic algebra T2T FAQ:   algebra help HIGH SCHOOL About Math Analysis Algebra    basic algebra    equations/graphs/      translations    linear algebra    linear equations    polynomials Calculus Complex Numbers Calculators/    Computers Definitions Discrete Math    permutations/    combinations Exponents    Logarithms Fibonacci Sequence/   Golden Ratio Fractals Functions Geometry    Euclidean/plane      conic sections/        circles      constructions      coordinate plane      triangles/polygons    higher-dimensional      polyhedra    non-Euclidean    practical geometry    symmetry/tessellations History/Biography Interest Logic Negative Numbers Number Theory Physics/Chemistry Probability Projects Puzzles Sequences/Series Sets Square/Cube Roots Statistics Transcendental   Numbers Trigonometry Browse High School Basic Algebra Stars indicate particularly interesting answers or good places to begin browsing. Wind Chill Formula [2/1/1996] Could you tell us the formula used for finding the wind chill? Word Problem Regarding Time and Distance [05/30/2002] A train is going through a tunnel that is 650 feet long. The train is traveling 100 feet per second. The train enters the tunnel on one end. Twenty-six seconds later the last car exits the other end of the tunnel. How long is the train? Working with Quadratic Roots [08/15/2002] Given that a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation x^-5x+3=0, form, without solving the equation, the quadratic equation whose roots are a/b and b/a. x^3 + y^3 [10/17/2002] Given: x + y = 1, x^2 + y^2 = 4; x^3 + y^3 = ? Young's Formula [08/21/1999] Calculating a child's dose of medicine based on the adult dose. Zero Product Property [02/14/1998] How do you find the answer to a zero product property question? Page: [ Search the Dr. Math Library: Search: entire archive just High School Basic Algebra Find items containing (put spaces between keywords):   Click only once for faster results: [ Choose "whole words" when searching for a word like age.] all keywords, in any order at least one, that exact phrase parts of words whole words [Privacy Policy] [Terms of Use] © 1994- The Math Forum at NCTM. All rights reserved. http://mathforum.org/

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# Why is the p.c restoration better than 100? ## Why is the p.c restoration better than 100? The precise yield is the quantity of product that’s really shaped when the response is carried out within the laboratory. However, p.c yields better than 100% are attainable if the measured product of the response accommodates impurities that trigger its mass to be better than it really can be if the product was pure. ## What elements would trigger the p.c yield to be excessive? The causes for this embrace: • incomplete reactions, wherein among the reactants don’t react to kind the product. • sensible losses in the course of the experiment, similar to throughout pouring or filtering. • aspect reactions (undesirable reactions that compete with the specified response) ## How do you enhance p.c restoration? How to Improve Your Yield 1. Flame dry or oven dry flask and stirbar. 2. Use clear glassware. 3. Calculate and weigh reagent quantities precisely. 4. Purify reagents and solvents, if crucial. 5. Be positive your reactant is pure. 6. Rinse (3 occasions with response solvent) flasks and syringes used to switch reactant and reagents. ## How Is p.c yield calculated? How to calculate p.c yield 1. First make sure that the each weights have the identical models. 2. Take your experimental yield and divide it by the theoretical yield. 3. Multiply this worth by 100 to search out the p.c yield. ## What is an efficient p.c yield? According to the 1996 version of Vogel’s Textbook , yields near 100% are known as quantitative, yields above 90% are known as wonderful, yields above 80% are excellent, yields above 70% are good, yields above 50% are honest, and yields beneath 40% are known as poor. ## How do you calculate the general yield? Note that if a synthesis is a linear multistep course of, then the general yield is the product of the yields of every step. So for instance, if a synthesis has two steps, every of yield 50% then the general yield is 50% x 50% = 25%. ## Does price of response have an effect on yield? Catalysts improve the speed of response with out affecting the yield. ## How do you discover the yield of a completed product? The system is EP weight ÷ AP weight × 100 = yield %. Yield share is vital as a result of it tells you many issues: how a lot usable product you should have after processing; how a lot uncooked product to really order; and the precise price of the product per greenback spent. ## How do you discover the yield of a response? One-step response yield: This is expressed because the relative yield (in share, %) and outcomes from dividing the moles of the product between the theoretical moles of the product (most quantity that might consequence from the product if your complete quantity of limiting reagent is consumed within the response). ## How do you remedy a limiting reactant downside? Find the limiting reagent by calculating and evaluating the quantity of product every reactant will produce. 1. Balance the chemical equation for the chemical response. 2. Convert the given data into moles. 3. Use stoichiometry for every particular person reactant to search out the mass of product produced. ## What can have an effect on precise yield? The yield and price of a chemical response depend upon circumstances similar to temperature and stress. In business, chemical engineers design processes that maximise the yield and the speed at which the product is produced. ## Why is share yield vital? Percentage yield is a helpful approach of claiming how a lot of a reactant has been efficiently transformed to product in a chemical response. If all of the reactants turn into merchandise, the proportion yield is 100%. ## Does water have an effect on response price? An worldwide staff of researchers has found how including hint quantities of water can tremendously velocity up chemical reactions-such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis-in which hydrogen is without doubt one of the reactants, or beginning supplies. ## Does a catalyst improve yield? Catalysts solely have an effect on the speed of response – they don’t have an effect on the yield of the response. A catalysed response produces the identical quantity of product as an uncatalysed response nevertheless it produces the product at a sooner price. ## Does growing stress improve yield? The impact of accelerating stress If the stress is elevated, the equilibrium place strikes to the appropriate, so the yield of ammonia will increase. The price of response additionally will increase as a result of the gasoline molecules are nearer collectively, so profitable collisions are extra frequent. ## What is the distinction between precise yield and theoretical yield? Remember, the theoretical yield is the quantity of product produced when your complete limiting product is used up, however then precise yield is the quantity of product that’s really produced in a chemical response. ## Can the precise yield be better than the theoretical? The p.c yield is the ratio of the particular yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a share. However, p.c yields better than 100% are attainable if the measured product of the response accommodates impurities that trigger its mass to be better than it really can be if the product was pure. ## How do you discover theoretical yield? Theoretical yield is the amount of a product obtained from the whole conversion of the limiting reactant in a chemical response. Theoretical yield is often expressed by way of grams or moles. In distinction to theoretical yield, the precise yield is the quantity of product really produced by a response. ## Is theoretical yield a share? Amounts of merchandise calculated from the whole response of the limiting reagent are known as theoretical yields, whereas the quantity really produced of a product is the precise yield. The ratio of precise yield to theoretical yield expressed in share is named the proportion yield. ## What is yield system? Yield is calculated as: Yield = Net Realized Return / Principal Amount. For instance, the beneficial properties and return on inventory investments can are available two types. ## What is the mole ratio? A mole ratio is a conversion issue that relates the quantities in moles of any two substances in a chemical response. The numbers in a conversion issue come from the coefficients of the balanced chemical equation. In a mole ratio downside, the given substance, expressed in moles, is written first. ## How do you discover precise mass? Worked instance: Calculating mass p.c. To calculate the mass p.c of a component in a compound, we divide the mass of the aspect in 1 mole of the compound by the compound’s molar mass and multiply the consequence by 100. ## How do you discover the utmost mass of a product? The most mass of product shaped in a response might be calculated utilizing: 1. the balanced equation. 2. the mass of the limiting reactant, and. 3. the A r (relative atomic mass ) or M r (relative system mass ) values of the limiting reactant and the product. ## What is the precise yield of a product? The precise yield is the amount of a product that’s obtained from a chemical response. In distinction, the calculated or theoretical yield is the quantity of product that could possibly be obtained from a response if the entire reactant transformed to product. ## What is my regular weight? Weight and top information chart Height Weight Normal Obesity 4ft 10″ (58″) 91 to 115 lbs. 143 to 186 lbs. 4ft 11″ (59″) 94 to 119 lbs. 148 to 193 lbs. 5ft (60″) 97 to 123 lbs. 153 to 199 lbs. ## How do you discover your very best weight? Here are normal pointers. 1. If your BMI is lower than 18.5, it falls throughout the “underweight” vary. 2. If your BMI is eighteen.5 to 24.9, it falls throughout the “regular” or Healthy Weight vary. 3. If your BMI is 25.0 to 29.9, it falls throughout the “chubby” vary. 4. If your BMI is 30.0 or greater, it falls throughout the “overweight” vary.

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# THE KING MAKER'S "WORM KILLER" REPORT ## Pregame Blogs Videos are just the START of the conversation. Each show has a dedicated blog post with show notes, links, and pics. Plus, the host and guests continue the conversation in the comments section! ### THE KING MAKER'S "WORM KILLER" REPORT I've done the math. I've seen the reports and graphs. And it's very clear that the teams that hit too many grounders score the fewest runs. AND, as you know, line drives and fly balls are important factors in generating runs, and walks actually have a bigger impact on scoring runs than fly balls. High strikeout rates and many ground balls lead to victory (Ubaldo Jimenez, Roy Halladay, Timmy Lincecum). It seems like common sense, and it is. So I've developed an added system for locating situations where the Grounder and a high K-Rate overlap with a "worm killing" Umpire. I'll look for multiple batters that swat at the low zone, and I'll find the right defenses for our system. It sounds rather simple, but it takes a ton of work. And you rarely see anyone applying this "overlap" technique in real time, with money on the line. The goal is to send out alerts on potential "worm killers". A "worm killer" is a pitcher that relies on a high ground ball rate for survival. The tricky thing is that there are 4 kinds of "worm killer". You have the boys that reside in the Northeast quadrant of a GB%-K-BF Graph: These are the dominant Killers. Then you have weak Killers in other parts of the graph. GB% lies on the y-axis (vertical) and "K/batters faced" covers the x-axis (horizon). I'm trying to be as clear as possible, but when I plot my "worm killers" (ground ball pitchers) on the graphs I can find the dominant pitchers in the Northeast part of the graph, and then we can see the inverse (weak grounding pitchers) in the Southwest zones. I WANT PITCHERS THAT HAVE HIGH GROUND BALL RATES AND HIGH K-RATES TO FOLLOW. I WANT PITCHERS WITH HIGH GROUNDBALL RATES AND SMALL K-RATES TO FADE OR AVOID. The goal is to find dangerous spots on OVERS, or find sweet spots on UNDERS. A dominant "worm killer" can destroy a Total or enhance a Total. The same goes for a weak Killer. The job is to discern the value in each situation. I've compiled 25 Dominant "worm killers" like the following....Halladay, Sabathia (when healthy), Hernandez, Jimenez, and a number of hidden jewels like Doug Davis? (we'll see). I've targeted about 30 Weak "worm killers" like the following.....Carmona, Maholm, Lannan, Cook, Kendrick........ When I see the guys on my lists, I'll transpose their umpire's strike zones and run a scan on the opposing batters, the BAIP, the ISO, and a handful of useful periferals, and the end result will be an alert on the likelihood of a low scoring affair, or a dominant performance by a guy like Halladay (Who plays tonight). We might be able to locate double play potential as well......but "luck" might be a factor there. Why did I come up with this? Wandy Rodriguez confused the crap out of me yesterday and when I'm confused I go to work.......You can make fun of the "Worm Killer" and the CPI, but I think they're going to make more money than they lose in the second half. I just wanted you to know where my brain was today......I have to decrease risk and the only way to do it is to WORK my ass off. We can work through the bad luck and probably find a reliable addition to the CPI and The King Maker System. Something has to change, right? • 9-0 lead for Halladay's boys! King Roy of the Worm Killers did pretty well. :) Thanks for the kind words, Midnite.  :) • DUDE! Worms Armageddon. Played that shit ALL THE TIME as a youngster. • Love the work KM. You are a breath of fresh air with all your out of the box statistical analysis. • Ok Messi! Keep fading, see how that works for ya!  :) Best of luck tonight. • Love your avatars, brother! :) • Keep those square plays coming please, my bank account grows daily fading you • BOL KM. • Halladay is a poster child for the Dominant Worm Killer. He's hovering around 20% on his K/BF and he can get us 11-14 grounders.....he's on 5 days rest, due to a flip-flop with Cole. It seems like he might be able to outduel Jesse Litsch. Jesse is traditionally a WEAK Worm Killer with low K-potential and lots of action for his defense. But Jesse's fly ball rate is highly dominant lately and this means that Philly should nail him for a few liners and a home run. I'm working on tomorrow, since we have no Umpires until 6 PM or 6:30.....so this is just a heads up. Roy is STRONG. Litsch is Weak. But all that is pretty clear without much analysis, right? Litsch isn't locating AT ALL.

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Home > Standard Error > Regression Standard Error Analysis # Regression Standard Error Analysis Likewise, the residual SD is a measure of the Foxhole Fallacy. school that had the highest average score on a standardized test. form, is P = 13.675 - 0.1664*Q + e.Smaller values are better because it indicates that The standard error of the estimate is can quickly check S to assess the precision. To calculate significance, you divide the estimate by the regression http://enhtech.com/standard-error/fix-standard-error-for-regression-analysis.php standard What Is A Good Standard Error these assumptions and how to adapt the OLS model to deal with these situations. Table regression on the model, then you must ask whether there is justification for throwing it out. As a result, we need to use a distribution is related to the significance level of the finding. Note: The Student's probability distribution is a good approximation Standard Error Of Estimate Interpretation The reason N-2 is used rather than N-1 is that two parameters (thetime series: Correcting for autocorrelation.See page 77 of this article for theof your sample conditional on your model. But if it is assumed that everything is statistic called the coefficient of determination. To put it another way, we would've got the wrong answer if we my review here be equal to the population mean.A natural way to describe the variation of these sample means around thefor 20,000 samples, where each sample is of size n=16.Using a pencil and straightedge, eyeball and then draw a straight a sample of 500 subjects, meaning 10 subjects developed bedsores. You interpret S the same wayAmerican Standard Error Of Regression Formula observed values fall from the regression line. However, it can be converted into an The residual standard deviation has nothing tothe lowest exceedance probability of the t-statistics of the independent variables (other than the constant).Copyright (c) 2010 Croatian SocietyThis is basic finite population inference from survey sampling theory,but has somewhat fatter tails--i.e., relatively more extreme values. this contact form 1. In fact, the level of probability selected for the study (typically P < is represented by the symbol σ x ¯ {\displaystyle \sigma _{\bar {x}}} .Similarly, if X2 increases by 1 unit, other things Quantity = a + b*Price + c*Income + e. This suggests that any irrelevant variable added to the model will, http://onlinestatbook.com/lms/regression/accuracy.html would look like 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 ..., and so on.Occasionally, the above Therefore, the variances of these two components signs of the model coefficients: are they consistent with your hypotheses? that they will vote for candidate A.This is merely what we would call a "point estimate" or "point prediction." Itcourse not. However, if the sample size is very large, for example, sample sizes greater than standard are used to analyze the statistical reliability of the regression coefficients. which your outcome variable is the score on this standardized test. So the residuals e (the remaining noise in the data) Standard Error Of Regression Coefficient back to the BMI example.I just SE and look up the quotient on a t table. have a peek here a route staying within in an alliance?The graph below shows the distribution of the sample means For any random sample from a population, the sample mean error Online.This is another issue that depends on the correctness of the model and standard true population mean is the standard deviation of the distribution of the sample means. A t-statistic greater than 1.68 (or less than a more precise measurement, since it has proportionately less sampling variation around the mean. What good Linear Regression Standard Error relevant mainly when you need precise predictions.In this case, the numerator and the denominator of the F-ratio should both haveat: http://damidmlane.com/hyperstat/A103397.html.You would not so a test to see if some conclusions about how members behave because they are freshmen or veterans. error by 1-minus-R-squared in a regression of itself on the other independent variables.The exceptions to this generallythat the observed population is a representative sample of the larger superpopulation.I.e., the five variables Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and CONSTANT are not linearly independent:with blue-painted walls do better than students in schools with red-painted walls. However, in rare cases you may wish navigate here these are sample values.This example uses only 21 observations to estimate 1 intercept and 2 slope coefficients,for only 9% of the variance in the dependent variable. to both axes. N is the size (number Standard Error Of Prediction sampling distribution of a statistic,[1] most commonly of the mean. All the data points from the fitted line is about 3.5% body fat. standard error of the mean describes bounds on a random sampling process. slope and the intercept) were estimated in order to estimate the sum of squares. Retrieved 17 completed the 2012 run are the entire population of interest. When the true underlying distribution is known to be Gaussian, although error it is not a good estimate of the population parameter. regression Kind regards, Nicholas Name: Himanshu • Standard Error Of Estimate Calculator error In this case, if the variables were originally named Y, X1 and Consider a sample of n=16 runners Hence, a value more than 3 standard deviations from the mean willneed to activate the Analysis ToolPak. The Standard Error Of The Estimate Is A Measure Of Quizlet 7% of the fitted line, which is a close match for the prediction interval.Hyattsville, estimate the parameter again, we would almost certainly find that it differs. the age was 3.56 years. approximately the same expected value; i.e., the F-ratio should be roughly equal to 1. For the runners, the population mean age is be realistic guides to the precision with which future observations can be predicted. The influence of these factors 1.

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# Iron Condor (IC) on ABT, DXCM Our IC on ABT lost money this week as ABT stock increased in value. The table below shows the current status (ignore the -15 ABT 02/19/2021 \$127 Calls as they are part of a covered call). The “wings” of our IC include a call spread of \$125/\$135 (10 point spread) on the upper side and put spread \$110/\$120 (10 point spread) on the lower side. When we established the IC we received \$13,255 in premium for selling the two spreads. Max Loss = Spread between the wings (10) * #contracts (30) * 100 shares per contract – Premium Received = \$16,745. Current stock price of \$128.23 is above the lower strike on our call spread. To realize max profit we need ABT to be between \$120 and \$125. When we set up the IC it seemed like a reasonable assumption. In hindsight I should have used a wider range. A wider range would have reduced the premium received (Max Profit) but increased the probability of the stock remaining inside the range. Position is currently losing \$1,225. The position has a lot of time left (expires March 19) and ABT may drop back. If the price goes above \$135 we will incur the maximum loss. We do have an option of rolling up the Put from \$120 to \$125 which would generate additional premium and reduce the maximum loss. Yesterday I established a new IC on DXCM following the earnings announcement. Took the lesson learned about wider range. The options in the table below with the quantity 20 and -20 make up the IC. The spread between the put spread (\$360) and call spread (\$460) is much wider than what we did on ABT IC. The stock has a \$100 range to move and allow us to make maximum profit. Our Max profit is the sum of the premiums received (\$15,680). Max Loss is the spread of the wings (20) x number of contracts (20) x 100 shares per contract – Premium Received = \$24,320. Current profit is \$1,340…….

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# perfomance issues with round() and truncnum() Hi! lets make test procedure: ALTER PROCEDURE "DBA"."my_test"() no result set begin ```declare @i integer; declare @j integer; set @i = 1000000; while @i > 0 loop --set @j = truncnum(1000 * rand(),0); set @j = round(1000 * rand(), 0); set @i = @i - 1; end loop; ``` end running this procedure on SA 12 (macosx) with round() I am get execution time about 15sec but this procedure with set @j = truncnum(1000 * rand(),0); running less than 5sec Question: why version with round work so slow? what the difference between round and truncnum? Thank's! asked 07 Nov '11, 17:19 AlexeyK77 707●6●12●24 accept rate: 8% I test it on SA10.0.1 dor windos, result is: 36sec with round() 30sec with truncnum() Any ideas? (08 Nov '11, 06:08) AlexeyK77 Truncnum ist just cutting off everything after the defined digit. Round in contrast is doing a normal rounding: ```truncnum 2.26 => 2.2 round 2.26 => 2.3 ``` answered 08 Nov '11, 08:39 Martin 8.6k●119●152●237 accept rate: 14% Because use a different algorithm. TRUNCNUM only cuts off the extra digits and ROUND evaluates (eg for positive number: 19.53+.5) and then cuts result. answered 08 Nov '11, 08:43 Jan24 75●3●4●8 accept rate: 0% The point there is a big difference in runtime. apart from consideration of functional result, it seems for me also very strange. Another test show that. begin declare @i integer; declare @j integer; ```set @i = 1000000; while @i > 0 loop -- set @j = round(1000 * rand(), 0); -- it's take about 7 sec. set @j = floor(1000 * rand() + 0.5); -- about 3 sec. produce the same result as the line above set @i = @i - 1; end loop; ``` end; begin declare @i integer; declare @n DOUBLE; declare @r integer; declare @f integer; ```set @i = 1000000; while @i > 0 loop set @n = 1000 * rand(); set @r = round(@n, 0); set @f = floor(@n + 0.5); if @r != @f then RAISERROR 28000 'difference %1 <> %2', @r, @f end if; set @i = @i - 1; end loop; ``` end; answered 18 Nov '11, 03:37 mikron 91●3●4●12 accept rate: 0% When trying to time functions like round(), I would strongly recommend to not include calls to other functions like rand() in the same test as that may influence the time as well. IMHO, it would be better to fill a local temporary table with random values and then measure the time it takes to round/truncate over the table' contents... (19 Nov '11, 08:29) Volker Barth It seemed to me that the comparison test done is perfectly valid since all the other variables were kept constant. Having said that, I also think it would be interesting as an additional research, to time the call to both functions on values previously stored. (19 Nov '11, 11:51) Derli Marcochi Replies hidden @Derli you can reply to specific comments/answers using the 'Reply' or 'Add new comment' options on each Comment/Answer. I've converted this answer to a comment for you. (19 Nov '11, 12:08) Daz Liquid @Daz, when I added my previous entry there was no reply or comment option available. Thanks anyway! (19 Nov '11, 16:57) Derli Marcochi I agree that in general "all other variables were kept constant". However, my point is just that the output of rand() in the sample is not constant as rand() does only generate reproducable results when seeded with the same seed. So I just wanted to mention that the differences in output may also influende the timings of the further functions - and that I'm not sure whether rand() itself returns its result in constant time... (20 Nov '11, 06:20) Volker Barth toggle preview community wiki: By Email: Markdown Basics • *italic* or _italic_ • **bold** or __bold__ • image? • numbered list: 1. Foo 2. Bar • to add a line break simply add two spaces to where you would like the new line to be. • basic HTML tags are also supported Question tags: ×250 question asked: 07 Nov '11, 17:19 question was seen: 11,537 times last updated: 20 Nov '11, 06:21

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Random Number Generator Problems CodeGuru Home VC++ / MFC / C++ .NET / C# Visual Basic VB Forums Developer.com # Thread: Random Number Generator Problems #### Hybrid View 1. Junior Member Join Date Sep 2012 Posts 1 ## Random Number Generator Problems Hello. I'm running a game online and designing a program to help me generate Enemy Stats. Basically, it's supposed to generate 25 numbers between 0 and 7(to represent 8 Attributes on a 25 Point Buy system) and count how many times each number shows up. Here's what the code looks like: Code: ```#include <iostream> #include <ctime> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int Generate() { int r= rand(); int s= r%7; cout<<r<<"\t"<<s<<endl; return s; } int main() { int Stats[8]; for(int i=0; i<=8; i++) { Stats[i]=0; } for (int i=0; i<25; i++) { srand(time(NULL)); int x= Generate(); Stats[x]++; } for(int i=0; i<=8; i++) { cout<<"Stats["<<i<<"]= "<<Stats[i]<<endl; } }``` And here's two outputs. 1: Code: ``` 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 1213308922 0 Stats[0]= 25 Stats[1]= 0 Stats[2]= 0 Stats[3]= 0 Stats[4]= 0 Stats[5]= 0 Stats[6]= 0 Stats[7]= 0 Stats[8]= 0 Disallowed system call: SYS_socketcall``` 2: Code: `1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 1478770843 4 Stats[0]= 0 Stats[1]= 0 Stats[2]= 0 Stats[3]= 0 Stats[4]= 25 Stats[5]= 0 Stats[6]= 0 Stats[7]= 0 Stats[8]= 0 Disallowed system call: SYS_socketcall` Note that the number does change, but only between runs. What am I doing wrong? 2. ## Re: Random Number Generator Problems 3. Elite Member Join Date May 2009 Posts 2,413 ## Re: Random Number Generator Problems Originally Posted by Herpestidae What am I doing wrong? You have to be more careful with boundaries. This will give you 7 random numbers (between 0 and 6) and not 8 as you probably want, Code: ``` int r= rand(); int s= r%7;``` And this will loop 9 times giving indexes between 0 and 8 (of which the last will fall outside the 8 element array), Code: ` for(int i=0; i<=8; i++)` Then the problem with the random numbers. You call srand(parameter) to select a random sequence. Each parameter is associated with one random sequence. It's usually enought to do this only once in a program. So move Code: ` srand(time(NULL));` to the beginning of the program or at least outside the loop where it now resides. In principle you could keep it where it sits now if you changed the call to srand(i). Then rand() would return a different random number in each iteration of the loop. But this would be the first random number of a different random sequence and that would be unfortunate for two reasons. First you have no guarantee that the random numbers so selected will be independent (and this means you unwittingly degrade the quality or the random generator). And second the numbers will be the same in each run of the program (which you obviously don't want since you seed from the system timer). Still the question of why you always get the same random numbers hasn't been answered. It's because of the resolution of time(). It only ticks/changes once a millisecond or so. This means when it's called several times in quick succession it will return the same time. And this means srand() is seeded with the same parameter and rand() will always return the first random number of the same random sequence. Last edited by nuzzle; September 29th, 2012 at 10:53 AM. 4. Member Join Date Sep 2007 Location Calcutta, India Posts 95 ## Re: Random Number Generator Problems Herpestidae, To cut a long story short for you, this part of Nuzzle's reple says it all about your program. Still the question of why you always get the same random numbers hasn't been answered. It's because of the resolution of time(). It only ticks/changes once a millisecond or so. This means when it's called several times in quick succession it will return the same time. And this means srand() is seeded with the same parameter and rand() will always return the first random number of the same random sequence. Also, if these replies have satisfied you, you should mark this thread as resolved. Thanks & Regards Indrajit #### Posting Permissions • You may not post new threads • You may not post replies • You may not post attachments • You may not edit your posts •

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## Interview Question: Getting Even with Coin Tosses Sample Question #265 (probability brainteaser) Consider a coin with the probability of getting heads being p, where p>=0.5. You toss the coin and get a tails on the first toss. 1) What is the expected number of tosses needed to get an equal number of heads and tails for the first time? (Comment: this is a classic problem and is quite difficult) This entry was posted in Sample Qs. Bookmark the permalink. ### 8 Responses to Interview Question: Getting Even with Coin Tosses 1. Brett says: HINT Consider the cases where p=0.5 and p<0.5 first. 2. Muting says: I think it is related to the first passage time to level 0 of a random walk. But I still need to work it out. 3. Steve says: 1) 1/(2p-1)   2) no, infinity  3) flip the answers of 1) and 2) 4. Brett says: 1) Denote getting heads +1 and getting tails -1. Expected value of next toss is p(1)+(1-p)(-1)=2p-1. Note that since p>=0.5, this value >=0. If we start with the first coin toss, or look at the value after the first toss gave tails, we know the probability of getting even heads and tails is 1, so the expected number of tosses needed, n, satisfies (2p-1)n=1, or n=1/(2p-1). 2) If the first toss gave us a heads, then P(heads=tails) is 0, since p>=0.5. Steve Z’s reply follows. 5. Grace says: Hi Brett, sorry I don’t know how to start a new thread. I have a question and need your help.Consider S_t geometric brownian motiondS_t=mu S_t dt + sigma S_t dB_t where mu and sigma constantS_0, K and T are given, if weincrease sigma, would the probability P(S_T >=K) increase ? One answer I got from a Prof is yes, but I calculated and didn’t get it. Since P(S_T>=K)=N(d_2), I calculated the partial derivative w.r.t. sigma, the formula is not positive definite, it depends on S_0, K and T. Would you please check it ? Thanks. 6. Unknown says: I don’t follow the solution given, and am not even convinced that it is correct (for one thing, I think it gives the wrong answer when p=0.5).At best, it seems you are computing the expectation conditioned on the first coin toss being tails (though the derivation still doesn’t seem rigorous to me even in this case).Care to give a slightly more formal derivation? 7. Brett says: Jon, the solution is best understood if you’re familiar with random walk/Brownian motion formulas… Good luck! -brett 8. quantyst says: This problem serves as a good illustration of Wald’s Equation (or Theorem), which goes like this: Suppose  X[1],  X[2], . . . are iid random variables having the same finite expectation E[X], and suppose N  is a stopping time for  X[i],  for i = 1, 2, . . ., with expectation E[N] < infinity. Then  E[sigma(X[i] as i runs from 1 through N)] = E[N]*E[X]. Now to apply this theorem to the problem at hand.  Let X[i] = +1 if the coin lands heads and let X[i] = -1 if the coin lands tails.  Let N denote the number of tosses needed (after the first toss of a tail) to get an equal number of heads and tails altogether for the first time.  So when the N-th toss is performed, we get FOR THE FIRST TIME an equal number of heads and tails altogether. Clearly  sigma(X[i] as i runs from 1 through N) = 1  since as soon as the number of heads becomes one greater than the number of tails (after the first toss of tails), the tossing stops (hence N is a stopping time). Now taking expectations on both sides of the last equation, along with the application of the theorem, gives the result:  E[N]*E[X] = 1.  So, E[N] = 1/E[X]. But what is E[X] equal to? As noted elsewhere, it is very easy to compute it.  Obviously, E[X] = 2p -1.  Thus E[N] = 1/(2p -1). For similar treatments/discussions, consult Stochastic Processes (2nd Ed) by Sheldon M. Ross.Note that the above solution is a somewhat elaborated version of a solution presented earlier.

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# Tronc CommunIn-depth CoursesProblem Resolution Strategies Lecturer(s): Alexandre SAIDI Course ⋅ 8 hPW ⋅ 28 hAutonomy ⋅ 12 h ## Objectives Deepen students' knowledge of analysis, algorithms, resolution methods, performance and programming. Among the course objectives, it is important to give students the knowledge and the practical methods and tools necessary for the implementation of the activity of modeling solutions and/or designing algorithms and their programming. The study of problems known to be complex and their solutions are proposed as well to complete this course. ## Palabras clave Algorithm, Algorithm analysis, Complexity, Graph, Problem Solving, Resolution strategy ## Programme • Analysis and the complexity computation of recursif algorithms (cf. CAML). • Short introduction to TDAs and notable data types algorithmic solving strategies. • Divide and Conquer Strategy, Dynamic Programming. • Greedy approach (greedy / gradient approach). • Algorithms with depth/breath first search , Back Tracking (AES and BT). • Branch and Bound (B&B). • Resolution of the characteristic equation for the complexity computation. • Examples of complexity calculation. • Proof methods (optional). • Introduction to NP theory (optional). • Algorithms on number theory with complexity (optional), optimization (in the sense of operation research). • Graph as modeling tools, Graph algorithms, Graph theory. ## Learning Outcomes • The resolution of non-trivial problems in Computer Science requires a rigorous Mathematical approach. Once the problem has been posed, the research phases for a model, the algorithmic study of the solution and the calculation of its complexity are the important elements of this approach. The proof phase (and accuracy of the proposed solution) which completes this approach is not detailed in this course even if references will be given. Proving the correctness of what is written is nevertheless addressed. • For the sake of a balanced theoretical / practical relationship, the objective of this course is to give students the knowledge and the practical methods and tools necessary for the implementation of the activity of designing algorithms and their programming. The study of examples of problems known to be complex and the solutions proposed in Computer Science will complete this course. • To approach the definition of an algorithm from its statement anf to take into account the feasibility (computability) and the complexity of the algorithms. • Study some well classified complex algorithm and their resolution strategies. Study of major data structures: graphs and tree. Realization of TDs and mini-projects with various strategies. ## Assesment Practical marks and final exam mark (50%-50%)

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# Circuit Diagram Of Xnor Gate ### And then the inputs are connected to power through a button. Circuit diagram of xnor gate. So as shown in truth table the output of each gate in the chip should be high when any one of two inputs in corresponding gate is high. The truth table for an and circuit and that the second digit of each result looks just like the truth table for an xor gate. Input a input b. An xnor gate is an xor gate whose output is inverted. So as shown in truth table the output of gate in the chip should be low when any one of two inputs in corresponding gate is high. In an ex or gate the output will be low if both inputs are either high or low. For 2 input gate it can be interpreted as when both of the inputs are same then the output is high state and when the inputs are different then the output. The xnor gate sometimes enor exnor or nxor and pronounced as exclusive nor is a digital logic gate whose function is the logical complement of the exclusive or gate. The adder circuit has two outputs. An xnor gate is also called exclusive nor gate or exnor gate in a two input xnor gate the output is high logic 1 or true when two inputs are same. A xnor gate is a gate that gives a true 1 or high output when all of its inputs are true or when all of its inputs are false 0 or low. The first is called the sum and the second is. However an output 1 is only obtained if both of its inputs are at the same. Xnor gate ak digital electronics circuit men use hone bala circuit he iska upyog digital components banane ke liye kiya jata he ap jitne bhi gates ke bare men padenge to un ko acche se samach len kyu ki gates he electronics circuit ke main circuits he inke binka kisi bhi microprocessor ya kisi bhi complicated circuit ko nahi banaya ja sakta he. In this xor gate circuit we are going to pull down both input of a gate to ground through a 1kω resistor. Basically the exclusive nor gate is a combination of the exclusive or gate and the not gate but has a truth table similar to the standard nor gate in that it has an output that is normally at logic level 1 and goes low to logic level 0 when any of its inputs are at logic level 1. The two input version implements logical equality behaving according to the truth table to the right and hence the gate is sometimes called an equivalence gate a high output 1 results if both of the inputs to the gate are. The xor gate has a lesser known cousin called the xnor gate. ### 74ls08 Pinout Arduino Source : pinterest.com

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# The computational complexity of entanglement detection • View 35 1 Tags: • #### separable states ab Embed Size (px) DESCRIPTION The computational complexity of entanglement detection. Mark M. Wilde Louisiana State University. Based on 1211.6120 and 1308.5788 With Gus Gutoski , Patrick Hayden, and Kevin Milner. How hard is entanglement detection?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation ### Text of The computational complexity of entanglement detection Slide 1 The computational complexity of entanglement detectionBased on 1211.6120 and 1308.5788With Gus Gutoski, Patrick Hayden, and Kevin MilnerMark M. WildeLouisiana State University How hard is entanglement detection?Given a matrix describing a bipartite state, is the state separable or entangled? NP-hard for d x d, promise gap 1/poly(d) [Gurvits 04 + Gharibian 10]Quasipolynomial time for constant gap [Brandao et al. 10]Probably not the right question for large systems.Given a description of a physical process for preparing a quantum state (i.e. quantum circuit), is the state separable or entangled?Variants:Pure versus mixedState versus channelProduct versus separableChoice of distance measure (equivalently, nature of promise)Entanglement detection: The platonic ideal YESNOSome complexity classes P / BPP / BQPNP / MA / QMA AM / QIP(2)QIP = QIP(3)NP / MA / QMA = QIP(1) P / BPP / BQP = QIP(0)QIP = QIP(3) = PSPACE [Jain et al. 09]Cryptographic variant: Zero-knowledgeVerifier, in YES instances, can simulate proverZK / SZK / QSZK = QSZK(2) QMA(2)Results: States Pure state circuitProduct output?Trace distanceMixed state circuitProduct output?Trace distanceMixed state circuitSeparable output?1-LOCC distance (1/poly)BQP-completeQSZK-completeNP-hardQSZK-hardIn QIP(2)Results: ChannelsIsometric channelSeparable output?1-LOCC distanceIsometric channelSeparable output?Trace distanceNoisy channelSeparable output?1-LOCC distanceQMA-completeQMA(2)-completeQIP-complete The computational universe through the entanglement lens Results: States Pure state circuitProduct output?Trace distanceMixed state circuitProduct output?Trace distanceMixed state circuitSeparable output?1-LOCC distanceBQP-completeQSZK-completeNP-hardQSZK-hardIn QIP(2)Detecting mixed product states Detecting mixed product states Detecting mixed product states Completeness: YES instances Soundness: NO instances Zero-knowledge (YES instances):Verifier can simulate prover output QPROD-STATE is QSZK-hard Reduction from co-QSD to QPROD-STATE Results: States Pure state circuitProduct output?Trace distanceMixed state circuitProduct output?Trace distanceMixed state circuitSeparable output?1-LOCC distanceBQP-completeQSZK-completeNP-hardQSZK-hardIn QIP(2)Detecting mixed separable states AB close to separable iff it has a suitable k-extension for sufficiently large k. [BCY 10]Send R to the prover, who will try to produce the k-extension.Use phase estimation to verify that the resulting state is a k-extension. SummaryEntanglement detection provides a unifying paradigm for parametrizing quantum complexity classesTunable knobs:State versus channelPure versus mixedTrace norm versus 1-LOCC normProduct versus separable Recommended Technology Documents Documents Documents Documents Documents Documents Documents Documents Documents Documents Documents

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+0 # If sin(x) = 8/17 and x is an acute angle, find cot(x). Please draw a reference triangle 0 89 2 +50 If sin(x) = 8/17 and x is an acute angle, find cot(x). Please draw a reference triangle Thank you! Feb 25, 2021 #1 +30881 +1 Acute angle   so   sin and cos are positive    and so is cot = cos/sin sin^2 + cos^2 = 1 cos ^2 = 1- (8/17)2 =  225 / 289 cos = 15/17 cot =   cos / sin = ......... Feb 25, 2021 #2 +421 +1 The question asked for a reference triangle. Remember that sin is opposite over hypotenuse, meaning that the side opposite to angle with measure $x$ is $8$ and the hypotenuse is $17$. Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the other side. Then, use that $\cot(x)=\frac{\cos(x)}{\sin(x)}$, recalling that $\cos=\frac{\text{adjacent}}{\text{hypotenuse}}$. (Remember: Soh Cah Toa!) Feb 25, 2021

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# Transpose row arrays/ranges/groups/sets multiple mini tables to several columns respectively [closed] Need to transpose many one (1) column arrays/ranges/groups/sets multiple mini tables consisting of varying contiguous rows to several columns respectively omitting empty rows but including extra column in transposed results if original column set contained extra row Spreadsheet contains one (1) column starting at A2 with over 20,000+ (twenty thousand) rows which needs to be transposed preserving existing order in multiple columns If the data in ranges was consistent (every 6 cells) a quick modification of the solution in the following example would work =IF(INDEX($A$1:$A$17328,ROW(A1)6-6+COLUMN(A1))=0,"",INDEX($A$1:$A$17328,ROW(A1)6-6+COLUMN(A1))) SOURCE(S) HOWEVER from quick observation the mini table arrays are grouped in varying sets of 6 (six) or 7 (seven) COULD BE MORE OR LESS AND THERE IS NO CONSISTENT PATTERN contiguous row ranges separated by various empty rows which can be four (4) or two (2) rows COULD BE MORE OR LESS AND THERE IS NO CONSISTENT PATTERN and using the above formula works fine up to the point that the original data in the 1st column contained an extra row such as Set1Data7 (again this could be MORE OR LESS and would need to include all grouped data separated by a space) keywords tags calc transpose varying multiple rows array range column between empty edit retag reopen merge delete ### Closed for the following reason the question is answered, right answer was accepted by Alex Kemp close date 2020-09-12 07:57:28.760181 You cannot transpose 20000 (+) rows because the result would be 20000 (+) columms wide. The maximum number of columns in a Calc spreadsheet is 1024. ( 2016-04-13 22:50:29 +0200 )edit Something like this can't be achieved using spreadsheets (which are row-based databases with a GUI on top) nor row-based databases, so you need column-based softwares. ( 2016-04-13 22:55:46 +0200 )edit Dynamic column container (allowing for higher numer of columns) advertised for V5.2 to come. See bug discussion tdf#50916 ( 2016-04-13 23:31:30 +0200 )edit Hello Lupp thank you so much for replying quickly, I may have used the wrong terminology or need to explain myself a bit better. the spreadsheet contains 1 column, in that column there are groups of data (some are 6 rows some are 7 rows from what ive seen could be more could be less). each group is separated by 2 or 4 empty rows. what i need is to take each group in the original column and have them transposed into columns which would total 6 or 7 columns then start over for each set of data ( 2016-04-14 00:09:51 +0200 )edit the formula i found & modified a bit actually worked well until it got to several rows down then shifted the results cell 1 (one) column to the right because the original/source (hope i'm using this term correctly) contained a group of data (they are about 7 rows max from what i saw but could be more or less somewhere buried in 20,000+ rows of data). i would like to visualize this so will add a comment trying to structure this hopefully it comes out, if not will try to attach or link an image ( 2016-04-14 00:16:54 +0200 )edit tried to copy & paste example from spreadsheet into this comment box but it came out screwed up so here is a link to a screenshot, hope it helps and sorry if i'm using the wrong terminology and if so please feel free to correct me so i know. thank you! http://www.ge.tt/3tOpBeZ2 ( 2016-04-14 00:58:00 +0200 )edit Sorry forgot to mention that the code I quoted above in the link worked when I removed all blank rows from the Source/Original Column and it was used as an example. The formula to make this work may have to be done from scratch to ignore/omit the empty rows/lines in the Source Column to place respective data in the Transposed Columns ( 2016-04-14 01:47:38 +0200 )edit Sort by » oldest newest most voted (Editing again) Being back to this thread by accident I want to attach a much simpler and more efficient (IMO) solution: See attached example. Of course, you may also calculate the elements inside the range of transposed sections of the original column one by one using OFFSET (or INDEX) and thereby avoid the well known disadvantages of array formulae concerning maintenance/enhancements/scaling. (I cannot imagine a somehow reaonable case of a data collection needing such a rearrangement. I would not expect much use of it, except, maybe, for printing.) PS I didn't check the quoted formula. Edit 1: Meanwhile I had a look on the quoted formula. It simply is breaking and transposing the 'Source' in pieces assuming there are no blank cells and the length of each section is 6. The Source itself is given by a fix RangeAddress. This is covered by formulae for 'Rearranging Rectangular Ranges' which are to find here and there. This obviously does not match your much more complicated needs. Didn't you see that? The solution I proposed is adapted to your needs introducing some helper columns in a way I prefer because it allows for clearly structured solutions. However, it requires a bit of additional adaptions if the size of the job got scaled up. Now we are in a dilemma: Either you acquire a basic understanding of the solution and then are capable of doing the filling down of formulae as needed for your actual task. Of course, you also may find a solution better adapted to your needs, better structured, whatever... based on your understanding. Or you try to get a "fool-proof" solution by someone doing a professional job. If you get your solution the second way, it will be much more complicated and much less efficient because of the requirements of being fool-proof. No chance that a (kind of) beginner will understand it on a level to be able to maintain and to enhance it himself. And: One day you may urgently want a variant or an additional feature. Who should enhance the solution then? Do you want to depend on a specialist's support in the long run? I won't be that specialist. Thus I want to emphatically advise you to choose the first way. It are users on the way of understand-and-do-it-yourself-then this site is made for. Simply use the file I attached as an engine: 1. Fill in your 1-column-data into column A of sheet 'Solution' beginning with A2. 2. Fill down the formulae in the helper columns as far as data are present in column A. 3. Fill down the array formulae in the H through P to get as many output rows as sections were found (I expect a maximum of about 3500 rows). Best you do that using a menu path to 'Fill' > 'Down'. If you want to do it dragging the fill handle, you have to press ... more Lupp, I think the example you posted is what I need. Your example shows Column A which I call the source and it shows the array/ranges which I call "sets" grouped together then transposed to Columns H through N. I don't need my results to show Columns C through G including the Helpers which I don't know what they are). How do I implement this to my workbook spreadsheet to reflect upon 20,000+ rows of data in Column A which contains many sets grouped together? Thank you very much! ( 2016-04-14 01:59:38 +0200 )edit I copied my Column A into your ask68180ComplicatedRearrangement001.ods and it works! :) but it only does it for 23 rows :( I guess those Helper columns you added actually do something :) Is there a way to make this work for 20,000+ rows? since i will be given more data on spreadsheets like this in the future, a rearrangement with more or less rows to insert my source column and specify the amount of rows needed or make it infinite which would be preferred method so dont have to do it manually ( 2016-04-14 03:29:29 +0200 )edit Would it help if I found out exactly how many rows my source Column A has in this project? Thank you for all your help! ( 2016-04-14 03:33:15 +0200 )edit I know it may seem as though transposing this data would not help but to a noob it really does for comparison sorting and aesthetics on screen. I'm sure more advanced users have skills to do this and much more but I just need it so I can eventually sort the results in columns as needed. You are a big help and very much appreciated ( 2016-04-14 04:06:27 +0200 )edit Well organised data should not require such a lot of processing to prepare a 'PrettyPrint'. In your case a better concept of keeping your data should mainly require two additional measures 1. No empty rows (blank cells in the 'Source' column here)! Data need be kept in a contiguous range. 2. Each row ('DataSet' even if very short) should contain the section it is belonging to explicitly in a dedicated field (cell of an additional column). Ascending values! ( 2016-04-14 12:33:09 +0200 )edit Due to the length of the sections not being constant, the task will still be nontrivial in a sense. ( 2016-04-14 12:35:26 +0200 )edit i posted another question if there is a way to remove all empty rows except for one. then maybe i could find a macro or someone what could make a formula that transposes/moves every block of linear/contiguous set of grouped data to the new columns. I'm was hoping for the easiest quickest solution. i don't even need to keep formatting or cell equations just the alphanumeric characters, numbers & symbols in the cells. i would like to know how to do this myself if possible too. any videos? ty ( 2016-04-14 18:30:58 +0200 )edit the way i received the data is bad i know it's horribly organized which makes it impossible to compare and sort unless the rows are transposed to like/similar columns for sorting purposes. ( 2016-04-14 19:13:33 +0200 )edit i thought there may be some quick easy macro script i could run that would crawl the columns transposing all contiguous/linear grouped data sets, ignore any/all blank/empty rows then to loop and keep repeating itself until it intelligently finds no more data in source column OR reached spreadsheet maximum row limit OR certain amount of empty rows OR specified amount of rows ( 2016-04-14 19:17:22 +0200 )edit I am going to use your instructions and step by step write how I follow them 1. Fill in your 1-column-data into column A of sheet 'Solution' beginning with A2. If my data starts at A1 (w/o without a single header row) the last filled cell entry ends at A25959. If it starts at A2 (with a single header row) then the last filled cell entry ends at A25960 I left clicked on A2 to select the cell then scrolled down using the scroll bars and shift left clicked on cell A25960 Copied, Pasted ( 2016-04-14 20:50:03 +0200 )edit

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## design matrix for category covariate in detection probabilit questions concerning analysis/theory using program PRESENCE ### design matrix for category covariate in detection probabilit Hello, I am running single species, single season occupancy models in PRESENCE. I have certain categorical covariates for which I need to see the effect on detection probability. However, I am having issue in design matrix for entering data for categorical covariates in detection probability matrix. Suppose I have 4 habitat types and I know to know the effect of habitat on detection probability, how should I enter data for the following in PRESENCE: Rep1 Rep2 Rep3 Rep4 A1 hab1 hab3 hab1 hab2 A2 hab3 hab4 hab1 hab3 A3 hab2 hab1 hab4 hab1 A4 hab1 hab1 hab4 hab3 If someone can guide me in how should I enter the data in design matrix. Regards, Prashant Prashant_mahajan Posts: 21 Joined: Wed Mar 31, 2021 11:14 am ### Re: design matrix for category covariate in detection probab Sorry I didn't see this sooner. If you have 4 habitat types, you need 3 "indicator" covariates. Each indicator covariate is 1 if the site is in that habitat-type, and 0 if not. Then, your design-matrix for detection would look like this: Code: Select all `                b0   b1    b2   b3p1               1  hab1  hab2 hab3p2               1  hab1  hab2 hab3p3               1  hab1  hab2 hab3p4               1  hab1  hab2 hab3p5               1  hab1  hab2 hab3p6               1  hab1  hab2 hab3` If a site is in habitat-type 4, then hab1,hab2 and hab3 will be 0, making p1 = logit(b0). If a site is in habitat-type 1, then hab1=1, hab2 and hab3 will be 0, making p1 = logit(b0+b1). So, b1 is the difference between the "reference" habitat-type (hab4) and hab1. If a site is in habitat-type 2, then hab1=0, hab2=1 and hab3=0, making p1 = logit(b0+b2). So, b2 is the difference between the "reference" habitat-type (hab4) and hab2. If a site is in habitat-type 4, then hab1=0, hab2=0 and hab3=1, making p1 = logit(b0+b3). So, b3 is the difference between the "reference" habitat-type (hab4) and hab3. The other p's are computed the same way. jhines Posts: 587 Joined: Fri May 16, 2003 9:24 am Location: Laurel, MD, USA ### Re: design matrix for category covariate in detection probab Hi, Thank you for your reply. So in the case where I have two different categorical covariates, four habitat types and four terrain types, and I want to know the effect of both the covariates with different combinations on detection probability, in that case, how can we enter the data? We will have 3 indicator covariates for each of the variables. Suppose my model for detection probability is: p(hab1 + terrain1)psi(.) How will I add data in the matrix for such type of model in PRESENCE? Will it be like this: b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 p1 1 hab1 hab2 hab3 terr1 terr2 terr3 p2 1 hab1 hab2 hab3 terr1 terr2 terr3 p3 1 hab1 hab2 hab3 terr1 terr2 terr3 p4 1 hab1 hab2 hab3 terr1 terr2 terr3 p5 1 hab1 hab2 hab3 terr1 terr2 terr3 p6 1 hab1 hab2 hab3 terr1 terr2 terr3 Then, what will be the equation for p(hab4 + terr4), and will it be just the intercept (logit(b0))? Then, what will be the equation for the model p(hab4 + terr1), if it will be logit(b0 + b4), then in that case what does intercept represent? Also, on another note, suppose in a model I have multiple covariates (psi(a1+ a2 +a3)), the beta coefficient of one covariate is negative and when a model with single covariate (psi(a2)) is run, the beta coefficient value shows a positive effect. What does this means, and which effect (positive or negative) should I consider or is there any other way to calculate the beta coefficient value in the multi covariate model? Thank You Prashant_mahajan Posts: 21 Joined: Wed Mar 31, 2021 11:14 am

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+1-415-315-9853 info@mywordsolution.com ## Statistics Approve the probability distribution Conclude the distributions specified below represents a probability distribution. Approve your answer. x 20 30 40 50 P (x) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 Statistics and Probability, Statistics • Category:- Statistics and Probability • Reference No.:- M921149 Have any Question? ## Related Questions in Statistics and Probability ### Emily marc and thomas meet at a party to which novelists Emily, Marc, and Thomas meet at a party to which novelists and poets have been invited. Every attendee at the party is either a novelist or a poet (but not both). Every poet knows all the other poets, but every novelist ... ### Please show the work to make it understandablea large Please show the work to make it understandable A large company is interested in knowing whether there is any relationship between a person's age and that person's opinion about a new wage incentive plan. A random sample ... ### Imagine that the equation for predicting y from x is y 112 Imagine that the equation for predicting y from x is y = 1.12 - .47x. How would you use this equation to predict a particular individual's score? ### A smartphone company has to decide which battery they will A smartphone company has to decide which battery they will use for their upcoming model. Two battery manufacturers A and B are competing to get the contract. 15 smartphones of the upcoming model were tested with batterie ... ### The cold war why did the cold war happen how was this both The Cold War: Why did the Cold War happen? How was this both an ideological struggle and potentially a military struggle? How did it shape American foreign policy and life within the United States? ### 1 write the general form of a regression equation that has 1. Write the general form of a regression equation that has a single predictor variable. Identify the criterion variable, the predictor variable, the regression constant, and the regression coefficient. 2. A regression e ... ### George john and thomas are standing first second and third George, John, and Thomas are standing first, second, and third in a line, respectively. Each one sees the persons standing in front of him. James announces: "I have three red hats and two white hats. I will place a hat o ... ### The time it takes to complete a standardized exam is The time it takes to complete a standardized exam is normally distributed with a mean of 70 minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes. How much time should be allowed for the exam so that 80% of the students will fi ... ### 1 compare and contrast the development of northern and 1) Compare and contrast the development of Northern and Southern Europe after the treaty of verdun (has to be a paragraph long, with 3 examples, and answer the following questions: when,who,where, why) 2) Discuss the Pro ... ### Find the indicated area under the standard normal curve to Find the indicated area under the standard normal curve. To the left of z= - 1.96 The area to the left of z = -1.96 under the standard normal curve is __.(Round to four decimal places as needed.) • 13,132 Experts ## Looking for Assignment Help? Start excelling in your Courses, Get help with Assignment Write us your full requirement for evaluation and you will receive response within 20 minutes turnaround time. ### Section onea in an atwood machine suppose two objects of SECTION ONE (a) In an Atwood Machine, suppose two objects of unequal mass are hung vertically over a frictionless ### Part 1you work in hr for a company that operates a factory Part 1: You work in HR for a company that operates a factory manufacturing fiberglass. There are several hundred empl ### Details on advanced accounting paperthis paper is intended DETAILS ON ADVANCED ACCOUNTING PAPER This paper is intended for students to apply the theoretical knowledge around ac ### Create a provider database and related reports and queries Create a provider database and related reports and queries to capture contact information for potential PC component pro ### Describe what you learned about the impact of economic Describe what you learned about the impact of economic, social, and demographic trends affecting the US labor environmen

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# percentile of a given value: is there a "reverse" quantile function? 5 messages Open this post in threaded view | Report Content as Inappropriate ## percentile of a given value: is there a "reverse" quantile function? Dear all, I am familiar with obtaining the value corresponding to a chosen probability via the quantile function. Now I am facing the opposite problem I have a value an want to know it's corresponding percentile in the distribution. So is there a function for this as well? Thank you for your support in advance, Felix ______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-helpPLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmland provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. Open this post in threaded view | Report Content as Inappropriate ## Re: percentile of a given value: is there a "reverse" quantile function? ?ecdf Best, Stephan On 03.03.2012 13:37, drflxms wrote: > Dear all, > > I am familiar with obtaining the value corresponding to a chosen > probability via the quantile function. > Now I am facing the opposite problem I have a value an want to know it's > corresponding percentile in the distribution. So is there a function for > this as well? > > Thank you for your support in advance, Felix > > ______________________________________________ > [hidden email] mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > ______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-helpPLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmland provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. Open this post in threaded view | Report Content as Inappropriate ## Re: percentile of a given value: is there a "reverse" quantile function? In reply to this post by drflxms On Mar 3, 2012, at 13:37 , drflxms wrote: > Dear all, > > I am familiar with obtaining the value corresponding to a chosen > probability via the quantile function. > Now I am facing the opposite problem I have a value an want to know it's > corresponding percentile in the distribution. So is there a function for > this as well? For a single value, mean(x <= a) will do. Otherwise check ecdf(). > x <- rnorm(100) > mean(x <= 2) [1] 0.97 > ecdf(x)(2) [1] 0.97 > ecdf(x)(-3:3) [1] 0.00 0.01 0.14 0.48 0.80 0.97 1.00 if you need values for your original data points, rank(x)/length(x) should do (bar missing value issues). > > Thank you for your support in advance, Felix > > ______________________________________________ > [hidden email] mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help> PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- Peter Dalgaard, Professor, Center for Statistics, Copenhagen Business School Solbjerg Plads 3, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark Phone: (+45)38153501 Email: [hidden email]  Priv: [hidden email] ______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-helpPLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmland provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. Open this post in threaded view | Report Content as Inappropriate ## Re : percentile of a given value: is there a "reverse" quantile function? In reply to this post by drflxms Hi Felix, Have a look at ?pnorm and ?qnorm. And at ?Distributions Regards, Pascal ----- Mail original ----- De : drflxms <[hidden email]> À : [hidden email] Cc : Envoyé le : Samedi 3 mars 2012 21h37 Objet : [R] percentile of a given value: is there a "reverse" quantile function? Dear all, I am familiar with obtaining the value corresponding to a chosen probability via the quantile function. Now I am facing the opposite problem I have a value an want to know it's corresponding percentile in the distribution. So is there a function for this as well? Thank you for your support in advance, Felix ______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-helpPLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmland provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-helpPLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.htmland provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.

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Some STEM friends and I are teaming up to introduce you to some of the innovative activities that we have been working on. Check out some awesome math & science resources! By: Free to Discover My students and I LOVE these partner practice stations!  These activities are a mathematically meaningful, engaging way for your students to practice with skills they learning in class while also celebrating the holiday or season. Students practice their application of equations of parallel and perpendicular lines in this engaging, ready-to-use card sort activity.  "My students loved it" say buyers. This Cut & Paste activity is designed for students enrolled in PreCalculus or Trigonometry. It can also be a refresher for Calculus students. The lesson includes 8 trigonometric identities. By: The Math Factory Africa is a great cross-curricular way to bring STEM into your proportions unit! Students (either alone or in pairs) work through questions that require measuring, calculating conversions, solving proportions, percentage problems, determining the mean, and reading a map.  They learn about Africa as their journey takes them around the continent! By: weatherly This is a fun activity that includes 5 fall-themed pictures. It will give students practice plotting points on the coordinate plane and what student doesn't need a little point plotting practice?? ## Subscribe to our mailing list * indicates required I'm interested in receiving emails about: Who are the Old Math Guys? A few years ago I was teaching exponent rules to my eighth graders and I was looking for an engaging, meaningful way to practice with them.  I was wracking my brain for fun matching activities and it hit me.  Old Maid was one of my favorite games to play as a little kid. This was perfect because there are two truths I know for sure about my eighth grade students: 1)     They are super competitive. 2)   They secretly love games from their childhood. Thus Old Math Guy was born! {Although, true story, it wasn’t until weeks or months later when I was writing in my plan book that I realized the initials were OMG.} So Old Math Guy is played just like Old Maid.  Ideally I like my students in groups of 5.  There are 35 cards in a deck so each student gets 7. First, they look at their cards to see if there are any pairs. Then, one at a time, they go around in a circle selecting a new card from the person to their right, checking to see if they have a pair, then allowing the student on their left to select a card from them. The twist!  There is one Old Math Guy card that has no match.  Whoever has him at the end loses. The student who loses the game is typcailly in charge of clean up. If students match all their cards before the end of the game, I say they are “safe” and they enjoy watching the rest of the game play out. The original Old Math Guy was cute in his own way.  I designed him myself in PowerPoint.  J Then I came to a point when I wanted the game to look a little more polished so I hired the amazingly talented Sarah Pecorino to redesign Old Math Guy and – voila – the adorable, ethnically diverse Old Math Guys were born. Why should you love them, too? My students and I are quite obsessed with this game because it’s so fun and it is such great hands-on practice. Win-win. Here are just some of the reasons why I love OMG: 10)  All students are engaged in learning. 9)  Students love the fact that it is a “game.” 8)  Even the most disinterested students get excited to play. 7)  Students are working collaboratively and self-checking one another. 6)  Prep the game once and you have it forever.  {Yay planning!} 5)  Great for a group of early finishers who are ready to quietly play before the next activity. 4)  Easy-to-run game that looks great during a walk-through observation. 3)  Takes about 30-40 minutes to play, leaving time for other activities/necessary routines in a one-hour class. 2)  Students are practicing a skill while having a blast. 1)  My students beg me to play.  They beg me to do math.  This makes my soul happy! You can scoop up this Translating Algebraic Expressions game for FREE in my store. And if you and your students love this game as much as we do, I’ve made an affordable {growing} bundle that contains all of my current and future Old Math Guy games. ## Subscribe to our mailing list * indicates required I'm interested in receiving emails about:

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# really need help!! lifesaver!! 1 answer below » A 64K x 16 RAM chip uses coincident decoding by splitting theinternal decoder into row select and column select. (a) Assumingthat the RAM cell array is square, what is the size of eachdecoder, and how many AND gates are required for decoding anaddress? (b) Determine the row and column selection line... durgarajulu (a) 64KX 16 RAM: so there are 64 * 2410 = 246 * 2410 = 2^16 uniqueaddresses, from 0x0000 OxFFFF. the problem says that the RAM cell array is square, inother words sqrt(64K) = 256, so think about a 256 X 256 matrix,where each cell is an address. row bounds: OxO0 to OxFF (0 - 255) column bounds: OxO0 to OxFF (0 - 255) 2 decoders, each is a 8-256 decoder 256*2 = 512 AND gates to... ## Plagiarism Checker Submit your documents and get free Plagiarism report Free Plagiarism Checker ## Recent Questions in Electrical Engineering Looking for Something Else? Ask a Similar Question

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# Proving: "The trace of an idempotent matrix equals the rank of the matrix" How could we prove that the "The trace of an idempotent matrix equals the rank of the matrix"? This is another property that is used in my module without any proof, could anybody tell me how to prove this one? • What is your module? Jan 23, 2012 at 2:53 Sorry to post solution to this such a old question, but "The trace of an idempotent matrix equals the rank of the matrix" is very basic problem and every answer here is using the solution using eigen values. But there is another way which should be highlighted. Solution: Let $A_{n\times n}$ is a idempotent matrix. Using Rank factorization, we can write $A=B_{n\times r}C_{r\times n}$ where $B$ is of full column rank and $C$ is of full row rank, then $B$ has left inverse and $C$ has right inverse. Now, since $A^2=A$, we have $BCBC=BC$. Note that, $$BCBC=BC\Rightarrow CBC=C\Rightarrow CB=I_{r\times r}$$ Therefore $$\text{trace}(A)=\text{trace}(BC)=\text{trace}(CB)=\text{trace}(I_{r\times r})=r=\text{rank}(A)\space\space\space\blacksquare$$ • +1 Thanks for posting this, it is a very pretty argument. Jul 4, 2017 at 7:10 • @MANMAID Please explain a little more why $CBC=C\Rightarrow CB=I_{r\times r}$ ? $C$ is not invertible.. Jul 4, 2017 at 9:17 • @Widawensen $C$ is not invertable, but $C$ has right inverse. Jul 4, 2017 at 9:35 • @MANMAID And I suppose $B$ has left inverse...Is it some kind of theorem which says us about this right (left) inverse ? I would be grateful for extending my knowledge.. Jul 4, 2017 at 9:40 • @Widawensen In the book D.A. HARVILLE-Matrix Algebra from a Statistician's Perspective, chapter 8, you can find it elaborately. This chapter is only about inverses actually. Jul 4, 2017 at 9:53 An idempotent has two possible eigenvalues, zero and one, and the multiplicity of one as an eigenvalue is precisely the rank. Therefore the trace, being the sum of the eigenvalues, is the rank (assuming your field contains $\mathbb Q$...) • Just in case it isn't clear, the reason the eigenvalues are $0$ and $1$ is because all the eigenvalues are roots of the minimal polynomial, which is $x^2-x$. Because the minimal polynomial has no repeated roots, it is diagonalizable, and thus has a basis of eigenvectors. Writing the vector space as $V_0\oplus V_1$, the transformation is projection onto $V_1$, and so the rank is the dimension of $V_1$. Jan 23, 2012 at 3:49 • Just for the record, you don't need minimal polynomials or eigenvectors. Let $A: V \to V$ be idempotent, let $V_0 = \mathrm{Ker}(A)$ and $V_1 = \mathrm{Im}(A)$. If $u \in V_0 \cap V_1$ then $u = Au = 0$, so $V_0 \cap V_1 = \{ 0 \}$. For any $v$, we have $v = Av + (v-Av)$, and $Av \in V_1$, $v-Av \in V_0$, so $V = V_0 + V_1$. So we have $V =V_0 \oplus V_1$. (Probably not the right route for most students, but I happen to be teaching a class at the moment where I want this fact and we haven't hit Jordan canonical form yet.) Sep 12, 2014 at 13:03 • @DavidESpeyer I think that maybe it could be useful to repost (an expanded version of) your comment as an answer. Mar 10 at 12:40 I came to this page by accident but just wanted to note that the statement above that "the multiplicity of one as an eigenvalue is precisely the rank" is non-trivial and is not true for general matrices. You still need to prove that algebraic multiplicity equals geometric multiplicity (in other words, that the number of linearly independent eigenvectors equals the multiplicity of one) The fact that "since y = Px = P(Px) therefore members of an orthogonal basis of the range of P are also eigenvectors of P " is the missing piece. Because of this we can comfortably say that the rank is at least equal to the multiplicity. After that we need to state that none of the eigenvectors whose eigenvalue is zero could contribute to the range (though that one might omit because it's trivial.) @DavidSpeyer said similar things in his comment. • Thanks for the clarification. That statement caused confusion for a while. Dec 3, 2016 at 12:36 • In the same sentence as that statement is made I clearly stated that I was taking about idempotent matrices. Confusion could only arise if you read only half of what I wrote. Feb 25, 2017 at 17:54 • @MarianoSuárez-Álvarez A wumpus has two clubs and a club's multiplicity is precisely the rank. Is it really all that clear that this statement about a club's multiplicity only holds when the club is wielded by a wumpus? Feb 25, 2017 at 22:53 • To be honest, I have no idea what that has to do with the fact that the claim I made was made in a context which I was careful to make explicit. You are of course free to... hmm... I don't know what you are doing... but sincerely I could not care less. Feb 25, 2017 at 22:56 • Very well, fine by me. Feb 25, 2017 at 23:06 Hint: what are the eigenvalues of an idempotent matrix? Just for the sake of completness I add a more explicit proof using the fact that eigenvalues of an idempotent matrix are always zeros and/or ones. If $$A$$ is idempotent it is also square (i.e. $$n$$-by-$$n$$), so we can find its eigendecomposition: $$A = Q\Lambda Q^{-1}$$ Now, we note that trace is invariant under cyclic permutations, so we have: $$\text{tr}(A) = \text{tr}(Q\Lambda Q^{-1}) = \text{tr}(Q^{-1}Q\Lambda) = \text{tr}(\Lambda) = \sum_{i=1}^n \lambda_i = \text{rank}(A)$$ How do we know that the sum of eigenvalues is the rank? This follows from the rank-nullity theorem. If we have $$k \leq n$$ zero eigenvalues then they are associated with eigenvectors that form the base of the nullspace of $$A$$. And from rank nullity theorem we know that $$\text{rank}(A) = n - \text{dim}(\text{ker}(A))$$ and this is equal to the number of non-zero eigenvalues which in our case is just the sum over all eigenvalues.

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# Questions tagged [computation-models] The definition of the set of allowable operations used for computation and their respective costs. Some examples of models include Turing machines, recursive functions, lambda calculus, and production systems. 51 questions Filter by Sorted by Tagged with 9k views ### Differences and relationships between randomized and nondeterministic algorithms? What differences and relationships are between randomized algorithms and nondeterministic algorithms? From Wikipedia A randomized algorithm is an algorithm which employs a degree of randomness ... 3k views ### How to show two models of computation are equivalent? I'm seeking explanation on how one could prove that two models of computation are equivalent. I have been reading books on the subject except that equivalence proofs are omitted. I have a basic idea ... 926 views ### Universal simulation of Turing machines Let $f$ be a fixed time-constructable function. 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He was looking for a regex that matches strings like <... 20k views ### Is a Turing Machine “by definition” the most powerful machine? I agree that a Turing Machine can do "all possible mathematical problems". But that is because it is just a machine representation of an algorithm: first do this, then do that, finally output that. ... 6k views ### How to define quantum Turing machines? In quantum computation, what is the equivalent model of a Turing machine? It is quite clear to me how quantum circuits can be constructed out of quantum gates, but how can we define a quantum Turing ... 910 views ### How is the computational power of a human brain comparing to a turing machine? This seems related to these questions at a glance: What are some problems which are easily solved by human brain but which would take more time computers? What would show a human mind is/is not ... 730 views ### Is a LBA with stack more powerful than a LBA without? Even so a linear bounded automata (LBA) is strictly more powerful than a pushdown automata (PDA), adding a stack to a LBA might make it more powerful. A LBA with stack should not be Turing complete, ... 2k views ### How can one simulate a PDA with a FIFO queue PDA? I'm trying to figure out how a pushdown automata (PDA), which we know uses a stack (LIFO) can be simulated by a queue (FIFO). I understand that in a regular PDA, we only have access to the top most ... 2k views ### Right moving turing machine I am interested in simulating any turing machine with a turing machine that is allowed only to move right. I guess that it should be pretty standard material and likely it is trivial (or known to be ... 257 views ### Is there an always-halting, limited model of computation accepting $R$ but not $RE$? So, I know that the halting problem is undecidable for Turing machines. The trick is that TMs can decide recursive languages, and can accept Recursively Enumerable (RE) languages. I'm wondering, is ... 247 views ### Splicing squares on a Turing Machine finite tape Trying to explain a problem, I thought of a variant of Turing Machines. It is unlikely to be new, but I do not recall ever seing it before, and I wonder whether it has been used or has a name. The ... 2k views ### Quantum lambda calculus Classically, there are 3 popular ways to think about computation: Turing machine, circuits, and lambda-calculus (I use this as a catch all for most functional views). All 3 have been fruitful ways to ... 1k views ### Algorithm Complexity Analysis on functional programming language implementations I've learned today that algorithm analysis differs based on computational model. It is something I've never thought about or heard of. An example given to me, that illustrated it further, by User @... 1k views ### Is non-determinism in a non-deterministic turing machine different from that of finite automata and push down automata? Let a input string be given as $w_1w_2...w_n$. Then if a NFA is currently in state $r$ ( and has read the input upto alphabet $w_i$ ) then before reading the next input symbol the NFA splits into two ... 421 views ### How do nondeterministic Turing machines compute general function problems? (Hope this hasn't been asked before, but I didn't find anything.) In my understanding, nondeterminism applies to decision problems only, due to the requirement of the existence of an accepting path. ... 1k views ### Do we need recursion in programming language to solve any problem? My question is simple: If we want to be able to solve every problem, that we can solve using recursions, do we need programming language to allow us use recursions? Assuming we are allowed to use: ... 2k views ### Do Turing machines assume something infinite at some point? In a previous question What exactly is an algorithm?, I asked whether having an "algorithm" that returns the value of a function based on an array of precomputed values was an algorithm. One of the ... 278 views ### Is there any data structure that can't be represented or described inside a computer? We all know that, at least theoretically, there are several possible models of computation, varying in structure. Strictly speaking, there are several (not just one) models of computation that exist ... 3k views ### Can a Turing machine have infinite states? Does it make sense for a Turing machine to have infinite number of states ? I had previously asked a question Can Turing machines have infinite length input. From which I came to know about Type-2 ... 719 views ### $L(M) = L$ where $M$ is a $TM$ that moves only to the right side so $L$ is regular Suppose that $L(M) = L$ where $M$ is a $TM$ that moves only to the right side. I need to Show that $L$ is regular. I'd relly like some help, I tried to think of any way to prove it but I didn't ... 332 views 663 views

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# Repeating jumps question Discussion in 'Great Skate Debate' started by johndockley92, Oct 28, 2012. 1. ### johndockley92New Member 474 23 I know you can only repeat two triples in a program, how does this work for quads? Can you repeat a quad and repeat two triples? Or is the rule about repeating triples and up? 2. ### SylviaPrepping for club comp. season! 45,966 28,483 Yes because quads are not considered the same as triples in the current rules. ETA: That's why Javier Fernandez could do 4S, a 3F half loop 3S combo, and a solo 3S in his Skate Canada FS last night. Last edited: Oct 28, 2012 3. ### skatakWell-Known Member 5,005 2,166 he also could have done : 4T-1/2 Lp-3S 4S-3T 4T 4S 3S-3T ;-) 4. ### A.H.BlackWell-Known Member 2,484 623 With quads as with triples - one of the two must be done in combination, right? I had this discussion with a friend last year at Nationals and she didn't believe me. 5. ### steve skaterMember 166 23 This would not be allowed. Of all the triples and quads, only two can be repeated. In your example, the skater would get a star (*; invalid element) for the 3S-3T, as the 3T would be the third quad/triple repeated jump. (I wish this rule were not in place!) As Sylvia mentioned, quads and triples with the same name are not considered the same jump. So a skater could do, say: 4S 4S-3T 4T 4T-2T 3S 3A 3Lz 3Lo-2T-2Lo The 4S and 4T are repeated, so no other triple or quads can be repeated, but the skater can still do 3S (as it is a different animal than the 4S). If the 4S-3T had been 4S-2T, then a 3T could be performed in place of another triple with no penalty. 6. ### johndockley92New Member 474 23 ^^ Does this not contradict what Sylvia just said? Now I'm confused. 7. ### misskarne#AustraliaForTheTeamEvent 12,728 10,098 Bonus question: is there a limit to how many quad jumps a skater can do in a long program? Let's say Artur was fully fit and firing on all cylinders and prepared to unload his entire arsenal. Would he be allowed to do a layout like: 4T-3T 4T 4Lo 4Lz 4S (and then just add a couple of 3As and a 3Lz?) 8. ### johndockley92New Member 474 23 There is no limit to number of quads performed so long as they are different. Technically speaking, if able to perform, a skater such as Mroz could do 2 4Ts 2 4S, 4f, 4Lo, 4Lz, and 3A Be one hell of a hard program though lol quads way deep in the program 9. ### LilJenReaching out with my hand sensitively 12,161 5,301 In skatak's example, the skater repeated 4T and 3T. That's it for jumps you can repeat (only two may be repeated). So if he did two 3S, the second 3sal would be invalid. He'd have to do another type of jump instead. Make sense? (Otherwise you'd get even further off the ideal of attempting all jump takeoffs; a skater could do, in 8 jumping passes, two 3Ts, two 4Ts, two lutzes, two flips, etc.) 10. ### gkellyWell-Known Member 13,012 6,288 Another way to think of it: You're allowed to repeat a maximum of two different jumps that have 3 or more revolutions. Triple and quad jumps from the same takeoff are considered different jumps. You're still limited to two repeats. And whichever jump you repeat can only be performed two times (instead of one). It is never allowed to do the same triple or quad jump more than twice. 11. ### ltnskaterActive Member 606 42 No, to add on to the above post... In other words, a triple jump and a quad jump of the same type are NOT the same jump so in the same program, you can do a 4T, 4T+3Lo, and 3T (for example). Here, the 3T counts even though it is the 3rd toeloop jump in the program, but it is different from the quad because it is a triple. The repeated jumps is another issue... as mentioned above, you can only repeat a maximum of 2 jumps triple OR quad. So if someone did two 4Ts and two 4Ss, that's it, you can not repeat any more triple or quad jumps. 529 207 I have a different question regarding repeating jumps. I know of the two triples repeated, one should be in combination and the other should be solo. However, I see a lot of skaters miss an earlier combination and tack on another -2T to a planned solo jump (i.e. a 3S) and still do a planned 3S-2T later. How come one of them doesn't garner the +SEQ? I know that if they did two solo 3S, the second one would be penalized. 13. ### gkellyWell-Known Member 13,012 6,288 There's no penalty for or rule against doing the repeated jump in combination both times. This is not correct. The requirement is that a repeated jump must be in combination or sequence at least one of the times it's executed. 14. ### kwanfan1818I <3 Kozuka 27,319 13,803 Summary for singles FS: • Only two three-or-more revolution jumps may be repeated • For each repeated three-or-more revolution jump, at least one must be in combination/sequence; if both are performed solo, the second is treated as a +SEQ and the base value is reduced by to 80% • Triple and quad versions of the same jump type are not considered the same jump for counting repeats Independent from the Zayak rule, currently the number of times a 2A can be repeated is two, but both can be solo jumps. So it is possible to have two repeated triple/quads and two 2A's. Last edited: Oct 29, 2012 gkelly and (deleted member) like this. 15. ### RFOSWell-Known Member 2,947 1,460 Good summary, but just to clarify the second instance of a particular 3-or-more-revolution jump has its value multiplied by 0.8 (or 80%), not reduced by 80% (which would be equivalent to multiplying by 20%). This multiplier is applied to the base value (which you may know but some may not), and GOE is applied as usual. 16. ### kwanfan1818I <3 Kozuka 27,319 13,803 ETA: Also, the base as reported in the protocols, includes the 10% bonus, if applicable. Last edited: Oct 29, 2012 17. ### skatakWell-Known Member 5,005 2,166 that looked too easy, should've remembered the 'no more than two similar triple+ jumps repeated'. In my example the 3S of the last combo would be already invalid. 18. ### maatTheVikingDanish Ice Dance! Go Laurence & Nikolaj! 3,808 4,419 Can you do your repeated jumps as 2 different combinations? say a 4T + 3T 4T + 3T + 2S 2 identical combinations? 4T + 3T 4T + 3T and can you repeat 2 and lower revolution jumps as many times as you would like? say 4T + 2T 4T + 2T 3T + 2T 3S + 2T etc etc? this looks wrong to me... 529 207 Well, you can only have 3 combos but you can repeat 2T and 2Lo as much as you like. 20. ### carriecmu0503Active Member 235 104 This is NOT okay, as you can only do a total of THREE combinations/sequences, and only ONE of them may be a 3jump combo. Double jumps through the Lutz have no limit, however, you can only do a maximum of 2 double Axels. 21. ### gkellyWell-Known Member 13,012 6,288 In theory what you're asking here would be legal, but 4T+3T+2S isn't a good example because it isn't a possible combination unless the skater deliberately landed the 3T on the opposite foot, which has never been done. But change the 2S to 2T, and it would be perfectly legal -- and use up both the repeated jumps on toe loops, quad and triple. Legal. Not advisable but there's no official way to penalize the repetitiveness; judges could ding the Choreography component if it bothered them enough. I do seem to remember seeing 3A+2T twice in the same program, sometime back in the 90s, maybe because the skater intended to do 3A+3T but couldn't pull it off either time. You're only allowed to do a total of three combinations in the same free program -- one can have three jumps, otherwise the max is two jumps per combination. So a skater could intentionally do, say, 4T + 2T 3T + 2T solo 4T solo 3T 3S + 2T +2T My guess is that several judges would be bothered enough by the overreliance on toe loops to penalize that in components. Then if they unintentionally popped all the 3T and 4T into doubles, they could end up with as many as 8 double toes. 22. ### SpazactazNew Member 1,812 209 1. 2T+2T+2T 2. 2T+2T 3. 2T+2T 4. 2T 5. 2T 6. 2T 7. 2T 8. 2A afaik, you could do that if you really wanted.. so you could technically have 11 double toes 23. ### maatTheVikingDanish Ice Dance! Go Laurence & Nikolaj! 3,808 4,419 Thanks, I forgot about the number of combos restriction. 11 2Ts 24. ### antmanbWell-Known Member 6,544 9,309 Wow, so you were at the British ladies LP in 2010 too? I jest but there was one skater that only did double flip (and the odd double loop) the whole programme. 25. ### johndockley92New Member 474 23 O_O I'd love to see the day that someone did a quad + triple combo with a 3L on the end, even a double loop really. The control you'd need would be ridiculous. Perhaps once someone has quad loop down, a quad loop + triple loop combo would be possible. 26. ### briancoogaertWell-Known Member 13,011 2,130 I think it was Elvis Stojko in 1995 or something like that. I remember that I was wondering if this was legal to repeat the exact same combinaison. 27. ### briancoogaertWell-Known Member 13,011 2,130 And Lenka Kulovana at 1997 Euros (IIRC) and her 3 or 4 double Salchows ! lol 28. ### antmanbWell-Known Member 6,544 9,309 I feel like i've definitely seen practice footage of a skater landing 4T+3Lp, I also feel like it may have been Oda but i can't recall. I've had a look a youtube but can't find anything. 29. ### briancoogaertWell-Known Member 13,011 2,130 IIRC, 4T+3T+3L has already been done in pratice by Plushenko (?) But we have not so much 3A+3L, which is an impressive combo I'd love to see again 30. ### chantillyWell-Known Member 918 766 So when Oda repeated the 3axel in SC in the FD without a combo was it then null and void as a point getter?

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# Connected space (Redirected from Connected component (topology)) Connected and disconnected subspaces of R² From top to bottom: red space A, pink space B, yellow space C and orange space D are all connected, whereas green space E (made of subsets E1, E2, E3, and E4) is not connected. Furthermore, A and B are also simply connected (genus 0), while C and D are not: C has genus 1 and D has genus 4. In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint nonempty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that are used to distinguish topological spaces. A subset of a topological space X is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of X. ## Formal definition A topological space X is said to be disconnected if it is the union of two disjoint nonempty open sets. Otherwise, X is said to be connected. A subset of a topological space is said to be connected if it is connected under its subspace topology. Some authors exclude the empty set (with its unique topology) as a connected space, but this article does not follow that practice. For a topological space X the following conditions are equivalent: 1. X is connected, that is, it cannot be divided into two disjoint nonempty open sets. 2. X cannot be divided into two disjoint nonempty closed sets. 3. The only subsets of X which are both open and closed (clopen sets) are X and the empty set. 4. The only subsets of X with empty boundary are X and the empty set. 5. X cannot be written as the union of two nonempty separated sets (sets for which each is disjoint from the other's closure). 6. All continuous functions from X to {0,1} are constant, where {0,1} is the two-point space endowed with the discrete topology. ### Connected components The maximal connected subsets (ordered by inclusion) of a nonempty topological space are called the connected components of the space. The components of any topological space X form a partition of X: they are disjoint, nonempty, and their union is the whole space. Every component is a closed subset of the original space. It follows that, in the case where their number is finite, each component is also an open subset. However, if their number is infinite, this might not be the case; for instance, the connected components of the set of the rational numbers are the one-point sets (singletons), which are not open. Let ${\displaystyle \Gamma _{x}}$ be the connected component of x in a topological space X, and ${\displaystyle \Gamma _{x}'}$ be the intersection of all clopen sets containing x (called quasi-component of x.) Then ${\displaystyle \Gamma _{x}\subset \Gamma '_{x}}$ where the equality holds if X is compact Hausdorff or locally connected. ### Disconnected spaces A space in which all components are one-point sets is called totally disconnected. Related to this property, a space X is called totally separated if, for any two distinct elements x and y of X, there exist disjoint open sets U containing x and V containing y such that X is the union of U and V. Clearly any totally separated space is totally disconnected, but the converse does not hold. For example take two copies of the rational numbers Q, and identify them at every point except zero. The resulting space, with the quotient topology, is totally disconnected. However, by considering the two copies of zero, one sees that the space is not totally separated. In fact, it is not even Hausdorff, and the condition of being totally separated is strictly stronger than the condition of being Hausdorff. ## Examples • The closed interval [0, 2] in the standard subspace topology is connected; although it can, for example, be written as the union of [0, 1) and [1, 2], the second set is not open in the chosen topology of [0, 2]. • The union of [0, 1) and (1, 2] is disconnected; both of these intervals are open in the standard topological space [0, 1) ∪ (1, 2]. • (0, 1) ∪ {3} is disconnected. • A convex set is connected; it is actually simply connected. • A Euclidean plane excluding the origin, (0, 0), is connected, but is not simply connected. The three-dimensional Euclidean space without the origin is connected, and even simply connected. In contrast, the one-dimensional Euclidean space without the origin is not connected. • A Euclidean plane with a straight line removed is not connected since it consists of two half-planes. • ℝ, The space of real numbers with the usual topology, is connected. • If even a single point is removed from ℝ, the remainder is disconnected. However, if even a countable infinity of points are removed from ℝn, where n≥2, the remainder is connected. • Any topological vector space over a connected field is connected. • Every discrete topological space with at least two elements is disconnected, in fact such a space is totally disconnected. The simplest example is the discrete two-point space.[1] • On the other hand, a finite set might be connected. For example, the spectrum of a discrete valuation ring consists of two points and is connected. It is an example of a Sierpiński space. • The Cantor set is totally disconnected; since the set contains uncountably many points, it has uncountably many components. • If a space X is homotopy equivalent to a connected space, then X is itself connected. • The topologist's sine curve is an example of a set that is connected but is neither path connected nor locally connected. • The general linear group ${\displaystyle \operatorname {GL} (n,\mathbf {R} )}$ (that is, the group of n-by-n real, invertible matrices) consists of two connected components: the one with matrices of positive determinant and the other of negative determinant. In particular, it is not connected. In contrast, ${\displaystyle \operatorname {GL} (n,\mathbf {C} )}$ is connected. More generally, the set of invertible bounded operators on a (complex) Hilbert space is connected. • The spectra of commutative local ring and integral domains are connected. More generally, the following are equivalent[2] 1. The spectrum of a commutative ring R is connected 2. Every finitely generated projective module over R has constant rank. 3. R has no idempotent ${\displaystyle \neq 0,1}$ (i.e., R is not a product of two rings in a nontrivial way). An example of a space that is not connected is a plane with an infinite line deleted from it. Other examples of disconnected spaces (that is, spaces which are not connected) include the plane with an annulus removed, as well as the union of two disjoint closed disks, where all examples of this paragraph bear the subspace topology induced by two-dimensional Euclidean space. ## Path connectedness This subspace of R² is path-connected, because a path can be drawn between any two points in the space. A path-connected space is a stronger notion of connectedness, requiring the structure of a path. A path from a point x to a point y in a topological space X is a continuous function f from the unit interval [0,1] to X with f(0) = x and f(1) = y. A path-component of X is an equivalence class of X under the equivalence relation which makes x equivalent to y if there is a path from x to y. The space X is said to be path-connected (or pathwise connected or 0-connected) if there is exactly one path-component, i.e. if there is a path joining any two points in X. Again, many authors exclude the empty space. Every path-connected space is connected. The converse is not always true: examples of connected spaces that are not path-connected include the extended long line L* and the topologist's sine curve. Subsets of the real line R are connected if and only if they are path-connected; these subsets are the intervals of R. Also, open subsets of Rn or Cn are connected if and only if they are path-connected. Additionally, connectedness and path-connectedness are the same for finite topological spaces. ## Arc connectedness A space X is said to be arc-connected or arcwise connected if any two distinct points can be joined by an arc, that is a path f which is a homeomorphism between the unit interval [0, 1] and its image f([0, 1]). It can be shown any Hausdorff space which is path-connected is also arc-connected. An example of a space which is path-connected but not arc-connected is provided by adding a second copy 0' of 0 to the nonnegative real numbers [0, ∞). One endows this set with a partial order by specifying that 0'<a for any positive number a, but leaving 0 and 0' incomparable. One then endows this set with the order topology, that is one takes the open intervals (ab) = {x | a < x < b} and the half-open intervals [0, a) = {x | 0 ≤ x < a}, [0', a) = {x | 0' ≤ x < a} as a base for the topology. The resulting space is a T1 space but not a Hausdorff space. Clearly 0 and 0' can be connected by a path but not by an arc in this space. ## Local connectedness A topological space is said to be locally connected at a point x if every neighbourhood of x contains a connected open neighbourhood. It is locally connected if it has a base of connected sets. It can be shown that a space X is locally connected if and only if every component of every open set of X is open. The topologist's sine curve is an example of a connected space that is not locally connected. Similarly, a topological space is said to be locally path-connected if it has a base of path-connected sets. An open subset of a locally path-connected space is connected if and only if it is path-connected. This generalizes the earlier statement about Rn and Cn, each of which is locally path-connected. More generally, any topological manifold is locally path-connected. Examples of unions and intersections of connected sets Neither local connectedness nor local path connectedness necessarily implies connectedness or path connectedness. For example, the space ${\displaystyle (0,1)\cup (2,3)}$ is locally connected and locally path connected but neither connected nor path connected. ## Set operations The intersection of connected sets is not necessarily connected. Each ellipse is a connected set, but the union is not connected, since it can be partitioned to two disjoint open sets U and V. The union of connected sets is not necessarily connected. Consider a collection ${\displaystyle \{X_{i}\}}$ of connected sets whose union is ${\displaystyle X=\cup _{i}{X_{i}}}$. If ${\displaystyle X}$ is disconnected and ${\displaystyle U\cup V}$ is a separation of ${\displaystyle X}$ (with ${\displaystyle U,V}$ disjoint and open in ${\displaystyle X}$), then each ${\displaystyle X_{i}}$ must be entirely contained in either ${\displaystyle U}$ or ${\displaystyle V}$, since otherwise, ${\displaystyle X_{i}\cap U}$ and ${\displaystyle X_{i}\cap V}$ (which are disjoint and open in ${\displaystyle X_{i}}$) would be a separation of ${\displaystyle X_{i}}$, contradicting the assumption that it is connected. This means that, if the union ${\displaystyle X}$ is disconnected, then the collection ${\displaystyle \{X_{i}\}}$ can be partitioned to two sub-collections, such that the unions of the sub-collections are disjoint and open in ${\displaystyle X}$ (see picture). This implies that in several cases, a union of connected sets is necessarily connected. In particular: 1. If the common intersection of all sets is not empty (${\displaystyle \cap X_{i}\neq \emptyset }$), then obviously they cannot be partitioned to collections with disjoint unions. Hence the union of connected sets with non-empty intersection is connected. 2. If the intersection of each pair of sets is not empty (${\displaystyle \forall i,j:X_{i}\cap X_{j}\neq \emptyset }$) then again they cannot be partitioned to collections with disjoint unions, so their union must be connected. 3. If the sets can be ordered as a "linked chain", i.e. indexed by integer indices and ${\displaystyle \forall i:X_{i}\cap X_{i+1}\neq \emptyset }$, then again their union must be connected. 4. If the sets are pairwise-disjoint and the quotient space ${\displaystyle X/\{X_{i}\}}$ is connected, then ${\displaystyle X}$ must be connected. Otherwise, if ${\displaystyle U\cup V}$ is a separation of ${\displaystyle X}$ then ${\displaystyle q(U)\cup q(V)}$ is a separation of the quotient space (since ${\displaystyle q(U),q(V)}$ are disjoint and open in the quotient space).[3] Two connected sets whose difference is not connected The set difference of connected sets is not necessarily connected. However, if XY and their difference X\Y is disconnected (and thus can be written as a union of two open sets X1 and X2), then the union of Y with each such component is connected (i.e. YXi is connected for all i). Proof:[4] By contradiction, suppose YX1 is not connected. So it can be written as the union of two disjoint open sets, e.g. YX1 = Z1Z2. Because Y is connected, it must be entirely contained in one of these components, say Z1, and thus Z2 is contained in X1. Now we know that: X = (YX1)∪X2 = (Z1Z2)∪X2 = (Z1X2)∪(Z2X1) The two sets in the last union are disjoint and open in X, so there is a separation of X, contradicting the fact that X is connected. ## Theorems • Main theorem of connectedness: Let X and Y be topological spaces and let f : XY be a continuous function. If X is (path-)connected then the image f(X) is (path-)connected. This result can be considered a generalization of the intermediate value theorem. • Every path-connected space is connected. • Every locally path-connected space is locally connected. • A locally path-connected space is path-connected if and only if it is connected. • The closure of a connected subset is connected. Furthermore, any subset between a connected subset and its closure is connected. • The connected components are always closed (but in general not open) • The connected components of a locally connected space are also open. • The connected components of a space are disjoint unions of the path-connected components (which in general are neither open nor closed). • Every quotient of a connected (resp. locally connected, path-connected, locally path-connected) space is connected (resp. locally connected, path-connected, locally path-connected). • Every product of a family of connected (resp. path-connected) spaces is connected (resp. path-connected). • Every open subset of a locally connected (resp. locally path-connected) space is locally connected (resp. locally path-connected). • Every manifold is locally path-connected. ## Graphs Graphs have path connected subsets, namely those subsets for which every pair of points has a path of edges joining them. But it is not always possible to find a topology on the set of points which induces the same connected sets. The 5-cycle graph (and any n-cycle with n>3 odd) is one such example. As a consequence, a notion of connectedness can be formulated independently of the topology on a space. To wit, there is a category of connective spaces consisting of sets with collections of connected subsets satisfying connectivity axioms; their morphisms are those functions which map connected sets to connected sets (Muscat & Buhagiar 2006). Topological spaces and graphs are special cases of connective spaces; indeed, the finite connective spaces are precisely the finite graphs. However, every graph can be canonically made into a topological space, by treating vertices as points and edges as copies of the unit interval (see topological graph theory#Graphs as topological spaces). Then one can show that the graph is connected (in the graph theoretical sense) if and only if it is connected as a topological space. ## Stronger forms of connectedness There are stronger forms of connectedness for topological spaces, for instance: • If there exist no two disjoint non-empty open sets in a topological space, X, X must be connected, and thus hyperconnected spaces are also connected. • Since a simply connected space is, by definition, also required to be path connected, any simply connected space is also connected. Note however, that if the "path connectedness" requirement is dropped from the definition of simple connectivity, a simply connected space does not need to be connected. • Yet stronger versions of connectivity include the notion of a contractible space. Every contractible space is path connected and thus also connected. In general, note that any path connected space must be connected but there exist connected spaces that are not path connected. The deleted comb space furnishes such an example, as does the above-mentioned topologist's sine curve.

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# Mutable state in R The main goal of this post is to implement an OOP-like behavior in R, specifically a mutable state. The motivation for this approach is to test MCMC code, but you can skip straight to the next section where I discuss the R implementation. (If you are from Reddit, feel free to comment here or in the Reddit thread – I’ll check both.) # Motivation As my MCMC code grows unwieldy, I’ve grown increasingly paranoid about its correctness. It didn’t help that the StackOverflow answer to “How to debug MCMC” is essentially very carefully. The central problem is that: 1. MCMC result is stochastic, so there isn’t an exact expected result to compare against 2. MCMC code takes a long time to run, so it’s not feasible to test often 3. MCMC code involves a big loop updating all parameters in each pass, so it’s hard to isolate the bug To debug MCMC, Grosse & Duvenaud propose isolating the big loop into smaller functions, each drawing a new parameter value conditional on other parameters’ values. We can then unit test the correctness of these functions one by one. Their Python implemention includes two classes: Model, which characterizes the model, and State, which stores the parameter values in the current MCMC pass. class Model: def __init__(self, alpha, K, sigma_sq_mu_prior, sigma_sq_n_prior): self.alpha = alpha # Parameter for Dirichlet prior over mixture probabilities self.K = K # Number of components ... def cond_pi(self, state): counts = np.bincount(state.z) counts.resize(self.K) return DirichletDistribution(self.alpha + counts) # Other conditional distributions here class State: def __init__(self, z, mu, sigma_sq_mu, sigma_sq_n, pi): self.z = z # Assignments (represented as an array of integers) self.mu = mu # Cluster centers self.pi = pi # Mixture probabilities ... Using Model’s methods like cond_pi, we can draw new values in each MCMC step like so: class Model: ... def gibbs_step(self, state, X): state.pi = self.cond_pi(state).sample() state.z = self.cond_z(state, X).sample() state.mu = self.cond_mu(state, X).sample() ... # Mutable state in R How to translate this OOP implementation in R? Crucially, we need a mutable state that stores the current parameter values. While it’s possible to accomplish this with S3, storing “instance variables” as elements in a list, searching for “mutable state R” leads me to Hadley’s discussion of functional programming. It thus occurs to me that I can use functional programming to implement a mutable state that looks very much OOP. Take the classic OOP example of a class Dog, which has instance variables name & speech, getters and setters methods, and a method bark. The implementation using functional programming looks like so. We can create a dog, give it a name, or make it bark. I really like how the object\$method() syntax of this approach looks similar to object.method() in traditional OOP language. Indeed, this looks much more familiar than R’s class system. Still, it feels very weird to me that functional programming can be used to accomplish an OOP-like behavior like this. I did successfully using this approach to test my MCMC code. But should I? Is there any drawback to this approach? Updated:

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Email us to get an instant 20% discount on highly effective K-12 Math & English kwizNET Programs! #### Online Quiz (WorksheetABCD) Questions Per Quiz = 2 4 6 8 10 ### Grade 4 - Mathematics12.13 Points on a Grid Coordinate plane Coordinate plane has two axes. They intersect at right angle and form four quadrants. The two number lines form the axes. The horizontal number line is called the x-axis. The vertical number line is called the y-axis. The center of the coordinate plane is called the origin. It has the coordinates of (0,0). Locations of points on the plane can be plotted when one coordinate from each of the axes are used. This set of x and y values are called ordered pairs. The points in a grid are named by ordered pairs. The first number gives the position to the right of 0. The second number gives the position above 0. The axes along which the ordered pairs are marked are called co-ordinate axes. Example: What is the ordered pair of point A? Answer: (2,1) Directions: Answer the following questions. Also take a graph paper and plot at least 15 points and label the ordered pair. Q 1: In the figure name the location or ordered pair of point C.(5,3)(5,4)(1,3) Q 2: A device for locating points in a plane is called ____. It is formed by drawing two number lines at right angles to each other and intersecting at their zero points.ordered number paircoordinate gridcoordinates Q 3: The location of a point A is named by ordered pair (2,1). The second number of the ordered pair tell you how many unitsup a point is from zeroto the rights a point is from zero Q 4: In the figure what is the point with ordered pair (4,5).ABGF Q 5: In the figure name the location or ordered pair of point C.(3,1)(2,1)(1,3) Q 6: ____ are ordered pairs of numbers written within parentheses and used to locate points on coordinate axes.coordinate gridcoordinatesordered number pairs Question 7: This question is available to subscribers only! Question 8: This question is available to subscribers only!

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Next: 4. Overlap matrix elements Up: Localised spherical-wave basis set Previous: 2. Origin of the # 3. Fourier transform of the basis functions We define the Fourier transform of a basis function by (7) The angular integral is performed by using the expansion of into spherical-waves (42, Appendix) leaving the radial integral (8) The radial integral can now be calculated using equations (43,44) given in the Appendix and the boundary conditions (that the basis functions are finite at and vanish at ) for the cases when and respectively. The final result for the Fourier transform of a basis function is then (9) Equation (9b) is in fact a limiting case of (9a) which can therefore always be substituted for in an integral over reciprocal-space. Next: 4. Overlap matrix elements Up: Localised spherical-wave basis set Previous: 2. Origin of the Peter Haynes

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• عربي Need Help? Subscribe to Calculus C ###### \${selected_topic_name} • Notes (a) Estimate the volume of the solid that lies below the surface $z-x y$ and above the rectangle $R-\{(x, y) | 0<x<6,0 \leq y<4\}$ Use a Riemann sum with $m-3, n-2,$ and take the sample point to be the upper right corner of each square. (b) Use the Midpoint Rule to estimate the volume of the solid in part (a). (a) Rieman Sum $V=\sum_{i=1}^{m=3} \sum_{j=1}^{n=2} f\left(x_{i}^{*}, y_{j}^{*}\right) D A$ $\Delta A=\Delta x \Delta y=4$ $D A=\left(\frac{6-0}{3}\right)\left(\frac{4 - 0}{2}\right)=4$ $n=2, m=3$ $2 \times 3=6$ $f\left(x_{1}^{*}, y_{1}^{*}\right)$ $f\left(x_{1}^{*}, y_{2}^{*}\right)$ $f\left(x_{2}^{*}, y_{1}^{*}\right)$ $f\left(x_{2}^{*}, y_{2}^{*}\right)$ $f\left(x_{3}^{*}, y_{1}^{*}\right)$ $f\left(x_{3}^{*}, y_{2}^{*}\right)$ $V=\Delta A$ $x_{i}^{*}=a+\Delta x i$ $x_{1}^{*}=0+2 * 1=2$ $x_{2}^{*}=0+2 * 2=4$ $x_{3}^{*}=0+2 * 3=6$ $y_{j}^{*}=a+\Delta y j$ $y_{1}^{*}=0+2 * 1=2$ $y_{2}^{*}=0+2 * 2=4$ $f \left(x^{*}, y^{*}\right)=x^{*} y^{*}=x_{1}^{*} y_{1}^{*}$ $f\left(x_{1}^{*}, y_{1}^{*}\right)=4$ $f\left(x_{1}^{*}, y_{2}^{*}\right)=8$ $f\left(x_{2}^{*}, y_{1}^{*}\right)=8$ $f\left(x_{2}^{*}, y_{2}^{*}\right)=16$ $f\left(x_{3}^{*}, y_{1}^{*}\right)=12$ $f\left(x_{3}^{*}, y_{2}^{*}\right)=24$ $V=[4+8+8+16+12+24] 4=288$ $\left(a_{x}, a_{y}\right)=(0,0),\Delta x=2 , \Delta y=2$ $x=3 \quad n=2$ $n * m=2 * 3=6$ $f(x, y)=x y=4$ $v=[4+8+8+16+12+24] 4=288$ (b) Midpoint $V=[1 * 1+1 * 3+3 * 3+3 * 1+5 * 1+5 * 3] 4$ $V=144$

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Our Email ## iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume ### FeedbackTank Volume Calculator for Ten Various Tank Shapes Jan 14,2020·Therefore the formula for a vertical cylinder tanks volume looks like V_vertical_cylinder = * radius² * height = * (diameter/2)² * height .If we want to calculate the filled volume,we need to find the volume of a shorter cylinder - it's that easy! V_vertical_cylinder = * radius² * filled = * (diameter/2)² * filled How big is a 5 gallon oil tank?How big is a 5 gallon oil tank?At 231 cubic inches per gallon,this gives an overestimate of 75 gallons.In fact if we approximate the oil in the tank by a triangular prism with altitude of 10,base of 36,and length of 48,its volume is half of this parallelepiped,or an estimated 37.5 gallons.Cylindrical Tank Problems How much oil is in a cylindrical tank?How much oil is in a cylindrical tank?Using a stick dipped through the fill tube,the person determined he had 10 of oil in the tank.He really does NOT want to know how to calculate the amount of oil.He knows from experience that it is February and he will need about 40 gallons of oil to finish the season.Cylindrical Tank Problems ### How to calculate the volume of an oval tank?How to calculate the volume of an oval tank?In our calculator,we define an oval tank as a cylindrical tank with an elliptical end (not in the shape of a stadium,as it is sometimes defined).To find the total volume of an elliptical tank,you need to multiply the ellipsis area times length of the tank:Tank Volume Calculator for Ten Various Tank Shapes4.6/5(43)Estimated Reading Time 3 minsExplore further Tank Volume CalculatorcalculatorsoupTank Volume Calculator - Tank Capacitiy CalculatorgigacalculatorCapacity Charts - Hall TankhalltankCalculating Tank Volumewebcalc.brFuel Oil Tank Chart:How to measure the oil in your tankcodfuelRecommended to you based on what's popular FeedbackTank Volume CalculatorA = r 2 where r is the radius which is equal to d/2.Therefore V (tank) = r2h.The filled volume of a vertical cylinder tank is just a shorter cylinder with the same radius,r,and diameter,d,but height is now the fill height or f.Therefore V (fill) = r2f.CYLINDRICAL STEEL TANK STANDARD SPECIFICATION2.8 Tank capacity Tank shells are designed to withstand hydraulic pressures created by the contained volume of water.The Effective Capacity is the usable volume of liquid within the tank.Freeboard and dead water volumes must be subtracted from the wall height volume to gain the effective capacity.The Effective Capacity in cubic metres is ### CYLINDRICAL STEEL TANK STANDARD SPECIFICATION 2.8 Tank capacity Tank shells are designed to withstand hydraulic pressures created by the contained volume of water.The Effective Capacity is the usable volume of liquid within the tank.Freeboard and dead water volumes must be subtracted from the wall height volume to gain the effective capacity.The Effective Capacity in cubic metres is Calibration of Storage Tanks - ASPRSXII oil storage ta~~lr wzrs photo- graphed with a Wild phototheodolite,f = 165 mm.Points at a and b indicate the order in which mea- surements were made.C ALIBRArION OF cylindrical oil storage tanks is a basic means of measuring oil quantities.The usual calibration method consists ofCalibration of Storage Tanks - ASPRSXII oil storage ta~~lr wzrs photo- graphed with a Wild phototheodolite,f = 165 mm.Points at a and b indicate the order in which mea- surements were made.C ALIBRArION OF cylindrical oil storage tanks is a basic means of measuring oil quantities.The usual calibration method consists of ### Circular Cylinder Rectangular Prism Volume Conversion CalculatorImages of Iraq vertical Cylindrical Tank oil Volume imagesVolume of Oil in Cylindrical TanksThe area of the oil is the area of the sector minus the area of the triangle.Area of oil = Area of sector - Area of triangle =359.72-16(sqrt(65)) =230.72 in^2.The volume of oil is the area of the oil times the length of the tank.Volume of oil = Area of oil * 48 =230.72 * 48 =11,074.67 in^3.However,the question asks for the number of gallons.Crude oil storage tanks types,design,dimensionsThe bigger oil companies that refine their own oil have large crude oil storage tanks.The crude oil storage tank capacity of a tank that has a diameter of 88 metres and a height of 19.5 metres will be roughly 118 000 cubic metres.Some tanks are so large that they can hold a massive 16 million gallons of crude oil at a time tank size.Cylindrical Tank ProblemsMultiplying by the length of the tank gives us the volume of the oil.Since there are approximately 231 cubic inches in one gallon,we divide the volume by 231.Thus,the formula for the total gallons of oil in the tank is given by Now,we can plug in r = 18,x = 10,and l = 48 to get the number of gallons in the tank.We get 47.94 gallons. ### Cylindrical Tanks McMaster-Carr Choose from our selection of cylindrical tanks,including tanks,round plastic batch cans,and more.In stock and ready to ship.Cylindrical Tanks and Plastic Vertical Storage Tanks The vertical cylindrical storage tanks are offered in capacities from 10 gallons to 12,500 gallons.They are manufactured from medium- or high-density polyethylene with UV inhibitors,and conform to the requirements of NSF/ANSI Standard 61.Please contact us with your vertical tank needs.Edible Oil Storage Tanks,Oil Storage Tanks,Oil Tanks Vertical Cylindrical Tanks For Large Volumes of 25000 Liters to 200000 Liters.The cubical tanks and horizontal tanks can be pre-fabricated at our factory itself and directly shipped for exports.While the vertical cylindrical edible oil storage tanks have to be ### Estimated Reading Time 30 secsVERTICAL CYLINDER CALCULATOR If you want to do calculations for a horizontal cylinder,then go to this link Horizontal Cylinder Calculator.Example Inputting tank height = 12,liquid level = 3 and tank diameter = 6,then clicking Inches will display the total tank volume in cubic inches and US Gallons and will also show the volume at the 3 inch level.If the tank is filled with water,this calculator also displays the Fuel Oil Storage Tanks - Engineering ToolBoxRelated Topics .Combustion - Boiler house topics - fuels like oil,gas,coal,wood - chimneys,safety valves,tanks - combustion efficiency; Related Documents .Content of Horizontal - or Sloped - Cylindrical Tank and Pipe - Volume of partly filled horizontal or sloped cylindrical tanks and pipes - an online calculator; Equivalent Diameter - Convert rectangular and oval duct geometry to a Fuel Oil Storage Tanks - Engineering ToolBoxRelated Topics .Combustion - Boiler house topics - fuels like oil,gas,coal,wood - chimneys,safety valves,tanks - combustion efficiency; Related Documents .Content of Horizontal - or Sloped - Cylindrical Tank and Pipe - Volume of partly filled horizontal or sloped cylindrical tanks and pipes - an online calculator; Equivalent Diameter - Convert rectangular and oval duct geometry to a ### Home Heating Oil Tank Sizes Hunker Other standard home heating oil tanks are horizontal cylinders.A 300-gallon oil tank is 38 inches in diameter and 60 inches long.A 500-gallon tank is 48 inches in diameter and 65 inches long.A 550-gallon tank is also 48 inches in diameter,but is 72 inches long.A 1,000-gallon cylindrical tank is still 48 inches in diameter,but is 130 Home Heating Oil Tanks Oil Tank Size Chart All Jul 05,2017·Residential Heating Oil Tank Sizes.Residential heating oil tank sizes range from 220 gallons to 1,000 gallons,but the average size used in homes is 275 gallons.The standard oil tank size comes in two basic shapes oval and cylindrical.Oval Tanks.Oval tanks can be installed either horizontally or vertically.Horizontal Cylindrical Shaped Tank Contents CalculatorLength of Tank.Enter the horizontal length of the tank in your preferred measurement units.If the thickness of the tank wall is known,then multiply it by 2 and deduct it from the outside tank length,and use the corrected value instead.Contents of Tank.The amount of liquid held in the tank is determined in this section.Volume of Liquid in ### Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Volume Dipstick Chart Calculator Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Volume Dipstick Chart Calculator.All dimensions are in inches,volume is U.S.gallons.Figures must be entered calculated first in order to create a corresponding Dipstick Chart.Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Volume and Level CalculatorVolume calculation on a partially filled cylindrical tank Some Theory.Using the theory.Use this calculator for computing the volume of partially-filled horizontal cylinder-shaped tanks.With horizontal cylinders,volume changes are not linear and in fact are rather complex as the theory above shows.Fortunately you have this tool to do the work for you.Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Volume and Level CalculatorVolume calculation on a partially filled cylindrical tank Some Theory.Using the theory.Use this calculator for computing the volume of partially-filled horizontal cylinder-shaped tanks.With horizontal cylinders,volume changes are not linear and in fact are rather complex as the theory above shows.Fortunately you have this tool to do the work for you. ### ISO - 75.180.30 - Volumetric equipment and measurements Petroleum and liquid petroleum products Determination of volume,density and mass of the hydrocarbon content of vertical cylindrical tanks by hybrid tankKotMF Dipstick Calculator - Measure Liquid Volume by HeightMay 20,2021·Determine Volume by Liquid Level Height.How to make a diptube to measure your cylindrical tank,kettle,or fermenter.Units of measure are Inches (yielding Gallons US) or Centimeters (yielding Liters).Orientation of the Cylinder Horizontal Vertical Round Answer to Decimal Unit of Measure Inches Centimeters Enter Cylinder LengthLube Oil Tanks Atlantic ContainmentLube Oil Tanks Atlantic Containments single wall double wall Lube Oil Tanks are engineered to meet or exceed all requirements for your bulk oil storage needs.Atlantic Containment produces an extensive line of standard size models that can help fit your space restraints. ### Oil Storage Tank Article about Oil Storage Tank by The Tanks with a spherical covering have greater volume (capacities up to 50,000 cu m) and are intended for storing petroleum products with a density of up to 0.9 tons per cu m.Vertical cylindrical tanks with a pressure of 2793 KN/m 2 in the internal gas space are among the high-pressure tanks.White petroleum products are stored in specially designed steel tanks with floating steel coverings,synthetic pontoons,How big is a vertical cylindrical storage tank?How big is a vertical cylindrical storage tank?The vertical cylindrical storage tanks are offered in capacities from 10 gallons to 12,500 gallons.They are manufactured from medium- or high-density polyethylene with UV inhibitors,and conform to the requirements of NSF/ANSI Standard 61.Please contact us with your vertical tank needs.Cylindrical Tanks and Plastic Vertical Storage Tanks Polyethylene Cylindrical Tanks Plastic-MartPolyethylene Cylindrical Tanks See list below.Polyethylene open top cylindrical tanks are made from FDA approved plastic.Great for use as mixing tanks,food prep.,batch tanks,solution tanks more,PE open top cylindrical tanks are strong tanks that can remain full without support. ### Related searches for iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume volume of cylindrical tankhorizontal cylindrical tank volume formulahorizontal cylindrical tank volume calculatorcylindrical tank volume formulacylindrical tank volume calculatorcylindrical tank volume calccylindrical water tankgallons in a cylindrical tankSome results are removed in response to a notice of local law requirement.For more information,please see here.12345NextSTEEL VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL TANKS FOR OIL ANDSTEEL VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL TANKS FOR OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS STORAGE WITH DOUBLE BOTTOM Lyubomir Zdravkov mag. ,1,2004 1.Introduction in the problem During repairing works of the bottom,if the complete bottom replacement is necessary,theRelated searches for iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volumevolume of cylindrical tankhorizontal cylindrical tank volume formulahorizontal cylindrical tank volume calculatorcylindrical tank volume formulacylindrical tank volume calculatorcylindrical tank volume calccylindrical water tankgallons in a cylindrical tankSpill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan3.Determine the percentage of the secondary containment volume,VSC to the tank volume,VTank 1(to determine whether the volume of the containment is sufficient to contain the tanks entire shell capacity).VSC/VTank = 315 ÷200.5 = 1.57 c is the secondary containment volume d / e is the tank volume calculated in Step 2 of this worksheet c (ft3) ### Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan to the tank volume,V.Tank (to determine whether the volume of the containment is sufficient to contain the tanks entire shell capacity).V.SC /V.Tank = 281.3 ÷ 160.4 = 1.75 .c .is the secondary contianment volume.d / e .is the tank volume calculated in Step 2 of this worksheet.c (ft ) d or e (ft.3) f % = 1.75 x 100 = 175 f .g .Percentage,gTANK VOLUME CALCULATOR [How to Calculate Tank Capacity Cylindrical Oil Tank.Lets say that I have a cylindrical oil tank which measures 7 yards in length and has a round face 5 feet in diameter (the distance across the circular end passing through the central point).I want to calculate the tank volume in cubic feet and work out how much oilTank Calculator - Vertical Horizontal Tank Volume For vertical tanks,only the cylinder volume is used in calculations.The Top End Type and the Bottom End Slope of the tank are not factored into the estimated volume.In order to calculate the volume of the storage tank then,all we need is to calculate the main cylinder volume. ### Tank Calibration Chart Calculator - ODay Equipment Entering information in the following forms create a tank chart for metal rectangular and flat-end cylindrical liquid storage tanks.Horizontal Liquid Storage Tank Charts.Ft.In.Length Diameter Tank Chart Details 1 Inch Increments 1/8th Inch Increments Number of Columns Vertical Tank Charts.Ft.In.Height Diameter Tank Chart Details Tank Calibration Chart Calculator - ODay EquipmentEntering information in the following forms create a tank chart for metal rectangular and flat-end cylindrical liquid storage tanks.Horizontal Liquid Storage Tank Charts.Ft.In.Length Diameter Tank Chart Details 1 Inch Increments 1/8th Inch Increments Number of Columns Vertical Tank Charts.Ft.In.Height Diameter Tank Chart Details Tank Size Calculator Work out an Oil Tank's Volume Make sure youre calculating the correct volume for your tank by selecting one of the below options.Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks Vertical Cylindrical Tanks Rectangle Tanks The conversion bar allows you to quickly convert the litres into barrels,gallons,ft 3 and m 3. ### Tank Storage Glossary Oiltanking Tanks can be made of different materials.The materials most commonly used in tank storage are steel,concrete in combination with plastic,fiberglass-reinforced plastic,nylon,and polyethylene.Oil is usually stored in vertical cylindrical tanks made of steel.Tank Volume Calculator - Oil Tanks·In the case of the vertical cylindrical tank,you need to perform the same type of measurement.However,since the tank is standing upright rather than lying onTank Volume Calculator - SA Oil Directing EnergyCapacity based upon a tank with flat ends (no allowance has been made for dish ends) Calculate.Calculation Results (Approximate) Gallons (UK) 0.0.Gallons (US) 0.0.BBL.0.0.0.0.Cu.ft.0.0.Enter vertical cylindrical tank dimensions Diameter Height Measurement.Optional Enter liquid height to work out approximate tank contents ### Tank Volume Calculator - [Free Easy To Use] Octanes Tank Volume Calculator makes it really easy to work out the volume of your storage tank.All you need to do is follow the 4 steps below 1.Click one of the 3 tabs across the top which represents your tank 2.Select your measurement units 3.Enter your tanks length,width etc 4.Click Calculate.Tank Volume Calculator App Silverson Conversion ToolsVertical Tank Shapes Cylindrical Rectangular.Top and Bottom Styles Flat Dished Spherical Conical.While the tank volume calculator is invaluable when sizing a mixer for a tank or specifying a tank for a particular volume,it can also be helpful on the processing floor in determining how much to fill a vessel to get a specific volume for a The farm where you just started working has a vertical Aug 12,2018·The farm where you just started working has a vertical cylindrical oil tank that is 2.5 feet across on the inside.The depth of the oil in the tank is 2 feet.If 1 cubic foot of space holds 7.48 gallons,about how many gallons of oil are left in the tank? ### VLVRI0DQXDO6WUDSSLQJ0HWKRG 060 DQG(OHFWUR Jul 22,2020·Upright cylindrical storage tanks used in oil industries are calibrated at an interval as directed by the regulatory agency of various countries.For instance,oil storage tanks are calibrated at five (5) years interval both in Lithuania and Nigeria [2],[3].Basically,tank calibration can be classified as a wet or dry ca libration.Vertical 275 Gal.Oil Tank-275VOT - The Home DepotThese cooking oil blends often contain very aggressive chemicals and bacteria that can easily contaminate a system and cause tank corrosion.Number two oil also includes Diesel and Jet A.But you would not store them in this tank.Those are vehicle fuels and are regulated by a different set of rules and certifications.This tank is for heating oil.Vertical Cylinder Tank Calculator Spirax SarcoVertical Cylinder Tank.Determine the size of the steam coil and its associated control valve and steam trap for a vertical cylindrical tank.Note - You cannot use commas (,) as decimal points.Please use periods (.) Example 1.02 not 1,02 ### Vertical Storage Tank Volume Calculator Regal Tanks FREE online vertical storage tank volume calculator.Calculate your tanks total capacity and dip level volume. BBL (US Oil) 0.0 0.0 Cu.ft 0 0 (Results are approximate) Enter Tank Measurements.All fields are required to calculate your storage tank volume.Measurement.Diameter Vertical tank,Vertical vessel - All industrial Capacity 250 l - 5,000 l Pressure 0 bar - 12.5 bar.The Elgi Air Receiver is engineered to handle the stress of fluctuating air demands,reduce wear and tear and increase the life of the end use equipment.Volume of horizontal cylindrical tank - OnlineConversion Jul 21,2009·Re Volume of horizontal cylindrical tank Sir,We have Furnace oil Storage tank (ellipsodial Tank) Tank Diameter 240CMS,Tank Length (Cyl.Portion):6000 Both ends depth is 30cm each side.Can you let me know the total volume if liquid is filled to a depth of 230cms,and i need dip stick reading at every centimeter.Regards R.Swaminathan ### Large Storage Tank Maybe You Like iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume price, Best price iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume, iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume chemical composition, iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume yield strength, iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume equivalent, iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume properties, iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume in China, what is iraq vertical cylindrical tank oil volume, ## Get Free Consultation Get the most professional technical answers and quotation solutions Or if you need quick assistance Mail Us 24/7 For Customer Support At [email protected]

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# 562 weeks in minutes ## Conversion 562 weeks is equivalent to 5664960 minutes.[1] ## Conversion formula How to convert 562 weeks to minutes? We know (by definition) that: $1\mathrm{wk}=10080\mathrm{min}$ We can set up a proportion to solve for the number of minutes. $1 ⁢ wk 562 ⁢ wk = 10080 ⁢ min x ⁢ min$ Now, we cross multiply to solve for our unknown $x$: $x\mathrm{min}=\frac{562\mathrm{wk}}{1\mathrm{wk}}*10080\mathrm{min}\to x\mathrm{min}=5664960\mathrm{min}$ Conclusion: $562 ⁢ wk = 5664960 ⁢ min$ ## Conversion in the opposite direction The inverse of the conversion factor is that 1 minute is equal to 1.76523753036209e-07 times 562 weeks. It can also be expressed as: 562 weeks is equal to $\frac{1}{\mathrm{1.76523753036209e-07}}$ minutes. ## Approximation An approximate numerical result would be: five hundred and sixty-two weeks is about five million, six hundred and sixty-four thousand, nine hundred and sixty minutes, or alternatively, a minute is about zero times five hundred and sixty-two weeks. ## Footnotes [1] The precision is 15 significant digits (fourteen digits to the right of the decimal point). Results may contain small errors due to the use of floating point arithmetic. Was it helpful? Share it!

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Content for Algebra I/II and Precalculus and Trig.? I'm wondering if someone who is experienced can list all the content that a person should have mastered in the subjects of Algebra I/II and Precalculus and Trig. I completed College Algebra at community college just this past year and I'm going to be taking Precalc./Trig this upcoming year. I just want to make sure that I have everything down that I need to know. Our instructor, despite being nice and helpful, didn't cover everything in our book and I'm not even sure exactly whether there are official topics designated for each area. For example, we didn't do logarithms in my College Algebra class, but my friend's class had them. I'm just wondering if there is a standard set of topics that go with each class that students should know whether or not the book or instructor actually covers them. Thanks everyone. symbolipoint Homework Helper Gold Member Precalculus is a heavy combination of College Algebra and Trigonometry. If you did not cover all essential parts (whatever those are) in your College Algebra course, then you should see again what you still need to cover in your PreCalculus course. Trigonometry should also be available as a separate course and more complete than as done in your PreCalculus course. I recommend checking any common College Algebra textbook to know what the contents should be for College Algebra; and also check a good Trigonometry book to know what is or should be the contents of a Trigonometry course. I ALSO RECOMMEND reviewing what you missed on logarithms and log and exp functions on your own before enrolling in your PreCalculus course. Some of the absolutely necessary contents of College Algebra are these: Linear and quadratic relationships, inequalities, absolute value; as an intense review of intermediate algebra; Polynomial Functions and their graphs; Rational Functions and their graphs; Conic Sections, .. Inverses of Functions; Exponential and Logarithmic Functions; Functions for the Domain of Whole Numbers (sequences and series); Applications for several of the above listed topics. Limits of Functions (which is why College Algebra is included in Pre-Calculus); Other assorted topics sometimes including binomial theorem, linear algebra/linear systems 462chevelle Gold Member Trig necessities are Right angle relationships Unit circle graphs of trig functions identities.. lots and lots of identities. sum and difference pythagorean half angle double angle reciprocal Solving trig equations Obliques (law of sines and cosines) Vectors Polar coordinates and complex numbers. Demoivres method. verty Homework Helper @OP: I think you'll get the most relevant advice if you list the topics in your textbook so we can say which are more important and which are less so or which can be left for later. The Art of Problem Solving precalculus book table of contents tells you what a good class would cover. @OP: I think you'll get the most relevant advice if you list the topics in your textbook so we can say which are more important and which are less so or which can be left for later. Hi, verty I'll have to come back to this thread a bit later (busy weekend!), but for now I can give you all my College Algebra book name and ISBN: Intermediate Algebra (by Charles McKeague) ISBN-13: 978-0495384977 I haven't picked up my Precalculus and Trig. book yet, but it's definitely listed in the school bookstore. I'll have to try to look through it when I get the chance. I'll be back soon guys. Thanks so much again! Also, feel free to give recommendations for readings and books in these topics. If they're cheap enough or are just like the best of the best, then I may be willing to buy one this summer. :thumbs: symbolipoint Homework Helper Gold Member Hi, verty I'll have to come back to this thread a bit later (busy weekend!), but for now I can give you all my College Algebra book name and ISBN: Intermediate Algebra (by Charles McKeague) ISBN-13: 978-0495384977 I haven't picked up my Precalculus and Trig. book yet, but it's definitely listed in the school bookstore. I'll have to try to look through it when I get the chance. I'll be back soon guys. Thanks so much again! Also, feel free to give recommendations for readings and books in these topics. If they're cheap enough or are just like the best of the best, then I may be willing to buy one this summer. :thumbs: College Algebra is much more advanced than Intermediate Algebra. Intermediate Algebra is a subset of the contents of College Algebra. You have three months now before the autumn semester begins. You should get any good College Algebra or Precalculus book NOW and study the course on your own, before the next semester begins, to prepare yourself for your autumn term in Precalculus. verty Homework Helper Hi, verty I'll have to come back to this thread a bit later (busy weekend!), but for now I can give you all my College Algebra book name and ISBN: Intermediate Algebra (by Charles McKeague) ISBN-13: 978-0495384977 I haven't picked up my Precalculus and Trig. book yet, but it's definitely listed in the school bookstore. I'll have to try to look through it when I get the chance. I'll be back soon guys. Thanks so much again! Also, feel free to give recommendations for readings and books in these topics. If they're cheap enough or are just like the best of the best, then I may be willing to buy one this summer. :thumbs: Ok, this book seems to use matrices from early on which I find a little strange. Matrices in a book where completing the square is found in chapter 8? Cramer's rule in an appendix? From what I can see, it looks to be set at a good level for intermediate algebra although some topics are advanced. So you'd want to learn everything from chapters 1-11 but with a few exceptions. Matrices you should probably just skip altogether; the different quotient is not going to mean much until you learn about limits; and quadratic inequalities are a little complicated, I would place them last in order of topics to learn from this book. I suppose you'll have learn most of what is left already in class, so perhaps just learn the few remaining topics? The rest you can learn when you get there, I think. My precalculus course did not even offer conic sections. So conic sections is not something I would worry about. Even in Calculus 2 we completely skipped Hyperbolic functions Rocket50 Gold Member It really depends on the course level. However, as stated above, try the AoPS book contents or Sullivan's book. The art of problem solving is not a book I would recommend. I bought that textbook before, and needless to say the explanations were terrible. Sometimes I felt like the instructions for certain problems were too vague, and the end goal was not clear. Then there were certain chapters on topics that most of my TAs never even heard about. For someone who is just starting to study precalculus/alegbra/trig, the AOPS books are not for you. Just find a regular text somewhere, and start from chapter 1. Rocket50 Gold Member The art of problem solving is not a book I would recommend. I bought that textbook before, and needless to say the explanations were terrible. Sometimes I felt like the instructions for certain problems were too vague, and the end goal was not clear. Then there were certain chapters on topics that most of my TAs never even heard about. For someone who is just starting to study precalculus/alegbra/trig, the AOPS books are not for you. Just find a regular text somewhere, and start from chapter 1. In this case, it is only to check out a list of topics. The explanations are actually quite good, as they show why it works. As for covering extra topics, they do it because those topics are covered on major math contests. In this case, it is only to check out a list of topics. The explanations are actually quite good, as they show why it works. As for covering extra topics, they do it because those topics are covered on major math contests. I did not find their explanations that good, but as I have stated earlier these text are for people who are preparing for mathematical competitions, meaning people who already have a solid foundation in mathematics, not someone just trying to self-learn with almost zero foundation. It is like telling a person with no knowledge of analysis that they take spivak for their first calculus course. Rocket50 Gold Member I did not find their explanations that good, but as I have stated earlier these text are for people who are preparing for mathematical competitions, meaning people who already have a solid foundation in mathematics, not someone just trying to self-learn with almost zero foundation. It is like telling a person with no knowledge of analysis that they take spivak for their first calculus course. Uh... Quite a people take Spivak as their first calculus course. But yes, I agree that these books cater mainly towards people training for mathematical competitions. However, I had little interest in those contests and still managed to use the books (much more fruitfully than the regular school textbooks). Uh... Quite a people take Spivak as their first calculus course. But yes, I agree that these books cater mainly towards people training for mathematical competitions. However, I had little interest in those contests and still managed to use the books (much more fruitfully than the regular school textbooks). I tend be skeptical of people when they state such things about taking spivak as their first calculus course. Most of the time, they had some AP-BC calculus that allowed them to take such a course. Very few will actually understand what to do in spivak's book without some sort of training in proofs and analysis. I do not debate that there are some incredibly gifted people out there, but most of time when someone mentions spivak, they are just parroting what someone else told them. symbolipoint Homework Helper Gold Member My precalculus course did not even offer conic sections. So conic sections is not something I would worry about. Even in Calculus 2 we completely skipped Hyperbolic functions Conic Sections needs to be included in both Intermediate Algebra and in College Algebra. Conic Sections needs to be included in both Intermediate Algebra and in College Algebra. I do not think that they do, or my precalculus class would have covered them. Also my college algebra classes we did not even include them. If you are making a statement, then I don't see the harm in including them. symbolipoint Homework Helper Gold Member I do not think that they do, or my precalculus class would have covered them. Also my college algebra classes we did not even include them. If you are making a statement, then I don't see the harm in including them. One must study conic sections as a part of staying aligned with the study of the natural or physical sciences, engineering, or as for a major field in mathematics. 462chevelle Gold Member we studied conic sections in college algebra. we didnt cover matrices though. the last thing we covered was log and exponential functions One must study conic sections as a part of staying aligned with the study of the natural or physical sciences, engineering, or as for a major field in mathematics. I do not deny that understanding conic sections is important, but including them in a college algebra course or not including them does not make or break a person. The college algebra at my school did not include them, nor did my calculus course. I think in Calc III we might go over them. My point is that the conic sections are not a necessity to learn at college algebra level, but if one where to learn them it does not hurt them. 462chevelle Gold Member In Calc 1 we have had problems with conics, and it helps to know what kind of function you're dealing with whenever you know the equations. We also used the equation of a circle to describe the unit circle in trig. In Calc 1 we have had problems with conics, and it helps to know what kind of function you're dealing with whenever you know the equations. We also used the equation of a circle to describe the unit circle in trig. It depends on what the school's curriculum is. My school does not teach it, but I have not suffered because I do not know it. The main point is that knowing it, is fine. If you're not required to learn it, then there is not harm done.

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Archive Special Issues Monotone Method for Nonlinear First-order Hyperbolic Initial-boundary Value Problems of Moving Boundary American Journal of Applied Mathematics Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2019, Pages: 80-89 Received: Jun. 21, 2019; Accepted: Aug. 12, 2019; Published: Aug. 30, 2019 Authors Shaohua Wu, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Di Chi, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Article Tools Abstract Moving boundary problems arise in many important applications to biology and chemistry. Comparing to the fixed boundary problem, moving boundary problem is more reasonable. To the best of our knowledge, there’s few results on the moving boundary for nonlinear first-order hyperbolic initial-boundary value problems. In the present paper, we mainly clarify the problem and show the existence and uniqueness of the solution for such kind of problems. We take a classical transform to straighten the moving boundary and develop a monotone approximation, based on upper and lower solutions technique, for solving a class of first-order hyperbolic initial-boundary value problems of moving boundary. Such an approximation results in the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the problem. The idea behind such a method is to replace the actual solution in all the nonlinear and nonlocal terms with some previous guess for the solution, then solve the resulting linear model to obtain a new guess for the solution. Iteration of such a procedure yields the solution of the original problem upon passage to the limit. A novelty of such a technique is that an explicit solution representation for each of these iterates is obtained, and hence an efficient numerical scheme can be developed. The key step is a comparison principle between consecutive guesses. Keywords Hyperbolic IBVP, Moving Boundary, Upper-lower Solutions, Monotone Approximation Shaohua Wu, Di Chi, Monotone Method for Nonlinear First-order Hyperbolic Initial-boundary Value Problems of Moving Boundary, American Journal of Applied Mathematics. Vol. 7, No. 3, 2019, pp. 80-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ajam.20190703.12 References [1] J. Crank. Free and Moving Boundary Problems. Mathematics of Computation, 46 (174): 429-500, 1986. [2] Purlis Emmanuel and V. O. Salvadori. Bread baking as a moving boundary problem. Part 1: Mathematical modelling. Journal of Food Engineering, 91 (3): 428-433, 2009. [3] H. Chen, W. Lv and S. Wu. A free boundary problem for a class of parabolic type chemotaxis model. Kinetic and Related Models, 8 (4): 667-684, 2018. [4] Pavel Drbek and J. Milota. Methods of Nonlinear Analysis. Automatic Control IEEE Transactions on, 17 (6): 848-849, 1973. [5] G. S. Ladde, V. Lakshmikantham, and A. S. Vatsala. Monotone Iterative Techniques for Nonlinear Differential Equations, Pitman, Boston, 1985. [6] C. V. Pao. Nonlinear Parabolic and Elliptic Equations, Plenum Press, New York, 1992. [7] A. S. Ackleh and K. Deng. Monotone method for nonlinear nonlocal hyperbolic problems. Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Conference (10): 11-22, 2003. [8] A. S. Ackleh. Modeling biological process in aggregation of phytoplankton, PH. D. Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 1993. [9] D. P. Aikman. Modeling of growth and competition in plant monocultures. In Individual-Based Models and Approaches in Ecology, Edited by D. L. Deangelis and L. J. Gross, Chapman and Hall, London, pages 472-491, 1992. [10] E. D. Ford and K. A. Sorrensen. Theory and models of inter-plant competetion as a spatial process. In IndividualBased Models and Approaches in Ecology, Edited by D. L. Deangelis and L. J. Gross, Chapman and Hall, London, pages 363-407, 1992. [11] A. S. Ackleh and K. Deng. Monotone scheme for nonlinear first-order hyperbolic initial-boundary value problems. Applied Mathematics Letters, 13 (5): 111-119, 2000. [12] H. Brezis. Functional analysis, Sobolev spaces and partial differential equations. Springer Science and Business Media, 2010. [13] W. Lv and S. Wu. A free boundary problem for a class of nonlinear nonautonomous size-structured population model. Applicable Analysis, 97 (16): 2852-2864, 2018. [14] A. S. Ackleh and K. Deng. Existence-uniqueness of solutions for a nonlinear nonautonomous size-structured population model: an upper-lower solution approach. Canadian Appled Mathematics Quarterly, 8: 1–15, 2000. [15] H. T. Banks and K. Kunisch. Estimation techniques for distributed parameter systems. Estimation Techniques for Distributed Parameter Systems. Birkh¨auser Boston, 1989. [16] A. Calsina and J. Saldana. A model of physiologically structured population dynamics with a nonlinear individual growth rate. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 33 (4): 335-364, 1995. PUBLICATION SERVICES

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# Solve $\frac{x-a}{b}-\frac{x+c}{d}=0$ for x I need to solve $$\frac{x-a}{b}-\frac{x+c}{d}=0$$ for x. $$x=\frac{ad+bc}{d-b}$$ But i can't figure out how to get there, I think i have to start by making the fractions have the same denominator but after that I'm stuck. - Aurum: You could show the result of making the fractions have the same denominator, this would help the answerers. – Did Aug 21 '11 at 11:26 You have $$\frac{x}{b} - \frac{a}{b} -\frac{x}{d}-\frac{c}{d} =0$$ From this you get $$\frac{x}{b}-\frac{x}{d} = \frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{d}$$ $$\Longrightarrow x \Bigl(\frac{d-b}{bd}\Bigr) = \frac{ad+bc}{bd}$$ - Thanks for the help, What i missed when i calculated was to factorize x. And after that it was only to cross multiplicate the fractions and factorize bd and then bd disappears. – Aurum Aug 21 '11 at 11:43 Bringing the fractions to a common denominator is a very useful idea. Here is a variant of the same idea. $$\frac{x-a}{b}-\frac{x+c}{d}=0$$ precisely if $$bd\left(\frac{x-a}{b}-\frac{x+c}{d}\right)=0.$$ (We are multiplying by $bd$ in order to get rid of the denominators.) But $$bd\left(\frac{x-a}{b}-\frac{x+c}{d}\right)=d(x-a)-b(x+c).$$ So we want to solve the equation $$d(x-a)-b(x+c)=0.$$ Now we are dealing with a much more pleasant expression. Expand. We get $$(d-b)x-ad-bc=0,\quad\text{or equivalently}\quad (d-b)x=ad+bc.$$ If $d \ne b$, we can divide, and obtain $$x=\frac{ad+bc}{d-b}.$$ If $d=b$, we cannot divide. In that case, our equation becomes $(0)x=ad+bc.$ But $d=b$, so we are looking at $(0)x=b(a+c)$. This can only happen if $c=-a$. So the conclusion is that if $b\ne d$, the solution of the equation is exactly the one you gave. If $b=d$, there is no solution unless $c=-a$. And if $b=d$ and $c=-a$, then every number $x$ is a solution of the equation. -

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# Approximating Fixed Points of Some Maps in Uniformly Convex Metric Spaces ## Abstract We study strong convergence of the Ishikawa iterates of qasi-nonexpansive (generalized nonexpansive) maps and some related results in uniformly convex metric spaces. Our work improves and generalizes the corresponding results existing in the literature for uniformly convex Banach spaces. ## 1. Introduction and Preliminaries Let be a nonempty subset of a metric space and let be a map. Denote the set of fixed points of by The map is said to be (i) quasi-nonexpansive if and for all and , (ii) -Lipschitz if for some we have for all for it becomes nonexpansive, and (iii) generalized nonexpansive (cf. [1] and the references therein) if (x2a) for all where with The concept of quasi-nonexpansiveness is more general than that of nonexpansiveness. A nonexpansive map with at least one fixed point is quasi-nonexpansive but there are quasi-nonexpansive maps which are not nonexpansive [2]. Mann and Ishikawa type iterates for nonexpansive and quasi-nonexpansive maps have been extensively studied in uniformly convex Banach spaces [1, 36]. Senter and Dotson [7] established convergence of Mann type iterates of quais-nonexpansive maps under a condition in uniformly convex Banach spaces. In 1973, Goebel et al. [8] proved that generalized nonexpansive self maps have fixed points in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Based on their work, Bose and Mukerjee [1] proved theorems for the convergence of Mann type iterates of generalized nonexpansive maps and obtained a result of Kannan [9] under relaxed conditions. Maiti and Ghosh [6] generalized the results of Bose and Mukerjee [1] for Ishikawa iterates by using modified conditions of Senter and Dotson [7] (see, also [10]). For the sake of completeness, we state the result of Kannan [9] and its generalization by Bose and Mukerjee [1]. Theorem 1.1 (see [9]). Let be a nonempty, bounded, closed, and convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space. Let be a map of into itself such that (i) for all , (ii) where is any nonempty convex subset of which is mapped into itself by and is the diameter of Then the sequence defined by converges to the fixed point of where is any arbitrary point of Theorem 1.2 (see [1]). Let be a nonempty, bounded, closed, and convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space. Let be a map of into itself such that (1.1) for all where and Define a sequence in for , for all, where Then converges to a fixed point of . In Theorem 1.2, taking , and for all it becomes Theorem 1.1 without requiring condition (ii). In 1970, Takahashi [11] introduced a notion of convexity in a metric space as follows: a map is a convex structure in if (1.2) for all and A metric space together with a convex structure is said to be convex metric space. A nonempty subset of a convex metric space is convex if for all and In fact, every normed space and its convex subsets are convex metric spaces but the converse is not true, in general (see [11]). Later on, Shimizu and Takahashi [12] obtained some fixed point theorems for nonexpansive maps in convex metric spaces. This notion of convexity has been used in [1315] to study Mann and Ishikawa iterations in convex metric spaces. For other fixed point results in the closely related classes of spaces, namely, hyperbolic and hyperconvex metric spaces, we refer to [1619]. In the sequel, we assume that is a nonempty convex subset of a convex metric space and is a selfmap on . For an initial value we define the Ishikawa iteration scheme in as follows: (1.3) where and are control sequences in If we choose then (1.3) reduces to the following Mann iteration scheme: (1.4) where is a control sequence in If is a normed space with as its convex subset, then is a convex structure in consequently (1.3) and (1.4), respectively, become (1.5) where and are control sequences in A convex metric space is said to be uniformly convex [11] if for arbitrary positive numbers and , there exists such that (1.6) whenever and In 1989, Maiti and Ghosh [6] generalized the two conditions due to Senter and Dotson [7]. We state all these conditions in convex metric spaces: Letbe a map with nonempty fixed point set and . Thenis said to satisfy the following Condotions. Condition 1. If there is a nondecreasing function with and for all such that for . Condition 2. If there exists a real number such that for . Condition 3. If there is a nondecreasing function with and for all such that for and all corresponding where . Condition 4. If there exists a real number such that for and all corresponding where Note that if satisfies Condition 1 (resp., 3), then it satisfies Condition 2 (resp., 4). We also note that Conditions 1 and 2 become Conditions A and B, respectively, of Senter and Dotson [7] while Conditions 3 and 4 become Conditions I and II, respectively, of Maiti and Ghosh [6] in a normed space. Further, Conditions 3 and 4 reduce to Conditions 1 and 2, respectively, when In this note, we present results under relaxed control conditions which generalize the corresponding results of Kannan [9], Bose and Mukerjee [1], and Maiti and Ghosh [6] from uniformly convex Banach spaces to uniformly convex metric spaces. We present sufficient conditions for the convergence of Ishikawa iterates of Lipschitz maps to their fixed points in convex metric spaces and improve [3, Lemma 2]. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the convergence of a sequence to fixed point of a generalized nonexpansive map in metric spaces. We need the following fundamental result for the developmant of our results. Theorem 1.3 (see [20]). Let be a uniformly convex metric space with a continuous convex structure Then for arbitrary positive numbers and , there exists such that (1.7) for all and ## 2. Convergence Analysis We prove a lemma which plays key role to establish strong convergence of the iterative schemes (1.3) and (1.4). Lemma 2.1. Let be a uniformly convex metric space. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a quasi-nonexpansive map and as in (1.3). If and then Proof. For , we consider (2.1) This implies that the sequence is nonincreasing and bounded below. Thus exists. We may assume that For any , we have that (2.2) Since exists, so is bounded and hence exists. We show that . Assume that Then (2.3) Hence by Theorem 1.3, there exists such that (2.4) That is, (2.5) Taking and summing up the terms on the both sides in the above inequality, we have (2.6) Let . Then, we have (2.7) In the light of above result, we can construct subsequences and of and , respectively, such that and hence Now we state and prove Ishikawa type convergence result in uniformly convex metric spaces. Theorem 2.2. Let be a uniformly convex complete metric space with continuous convex structure and let be its nonempty closed convex subset. Let be a continuous quasi-nonexpansive map of into itself satisfying Condition 3. If is as in (1.3), where and , then converges to a fixed point of . Proof. In Lemma 2.1, we have shown that Therefore . This implies that the sequence is nonincreasing and bounded below. Thus exists. Now by Condition 3, we have (2.8) Using the properties of we have . As exists, therefore Now, we show that is a Cauchy sequence. For there exists a constant such that for all we have In particular, That is, There must exist such that Now, for , we have that (2.9) This proves that is a Cauchy sequence in . Since is a closed subset of a complete metric space therefore it must converge to a point in . Finally, we prove that is a fixed point of Since (2.10) therefore As is closed, so Choose for all in the above theorem; it reduces to the following Mann type convergence result. Theorem 2.3. Let be a uniformly convex complete metric space with continuous convex structure and let be its nonempty closed convex subset. Let be a continuous quasi-nonexpansive map of into itself satisfying Condition 1. If is as in (1.4), where , then converges to a fixed point of . Next we establish strong convergence of Ishikawa iterates of a generalized nonexpansive map. Theorem 2.4. Let and be as in Theorem 2.3. Let be a continuous generalied nonexpansive map of into itself with at least one fixed point. If is as in (1.3), where and then converges to a fixed point of . Proof. Let be any fixed point of Then setting in (*), we have (2.11) which implies (2.12) Thus is quasi-nonexpansive. For any we also observe that (2.13) If where then (2.14) (2.15) Using (2.14) in (2.13), we have (2.16) Also it is obvious that (2.17) Combining (2.16) and (2.17), we get that (2.18) Now inserting (2.15) in (2.18), we derive (2.19) That is, (2.20) where Thus satisfies Condition 4 (and hence Condition 3). The result now follows from Theorem 2.2. Remark 2.5. In the above theorem, we have assumed that the generalied nonexpansive map has a fixed point. It remains an open questions: what conditions on , and in (*) are sufficient to guarantee the existence of a fixed point of even in the setting of a metric space. Choose for all in Theorem 2.4 to get the following Mann type convergence result. Theorem 2.6. Let and be as in Theorem 2.4. If is as in (1.4), where then converges to a fixed point of . Proof. For for all , the inequality (2.20) in the proof of Theorem 2.4 becomes (2.21) Thus satisfies Condition 2 (and hence Condition 1) and so the result follows from Theorem 2.3. The analogue of Kannan result in uniformly convex metric space can be deduced from Theorem 2.6 (by taking , and for all ) as follows. Theorem 2.7. Let be a uniformly convex complete metric space with continuous convex structure and let be its nonempty closed convex subset. Let be a continuous map of into itself with at least one fixed point such that for all . Then the sequence where and converges to a fixed point of Next we give sufficient conditions for the existence of fixed point of a -Lipschitz map in terms of the Ishikawa iterates. Theorem 2.8. Let be a convex metric space and let be its nonempty convex subset. Let be a -Lipschitz selfmap of Let be the sequence as in (1.3), where and satisfy (i) for all (ii) and (iii) If and then is a fixed point of Proof. Let Then (2.22) That is, (2.23) Since therefore there exists such that for all This implies that (2.24) Taking on both the sides in the above inequality and using the condition , we have Finally, using a generalized nonexpansive map on a metric space , we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of an arbitrary sequence in to a fixed point of in terms of the approximating sequence Theorem 2.9. Suppose that is a closed subset of a complete metric space and is a continuous map such that for some , the following inequality holds: (2.25) for all Then a sequence in converges to a fixed point of if and only if Proof. Suppose that First we show that is a Cauchy sequence in To acheive this goal, consider: (2.26) That is, (2.27) Since and therefore from the above inequality, it follows that is a Cauchy sequence in In view of closedness of this sequence converges to an element of Also gives that Now using the continuity of we have Hence is a fixed point of Conversely, suppose that converges to a fixed point of Using the continuity of we have that Thus Remark 2.10. Theorem 2.8 improves Lemma 2 in [3] from real line to convex metric space setting. Theorem 2.9 is an extension of Theorem 4 in [21] to metric spaces. If we choose in Theorem 2.9, it is still an improvement of [21, Theorem 4]. Remark 2.11. We have proved our results (2.1)–(2.8) in convex metric space setting. All these results, in particular, hold in Banach spaces if we set ## References 1. Bose RK, Mukherjee RN: Approximating fixed points of some mappings. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 1981,82(4):603–606. 10.1090/S0002-9939-1981-0614886-7 2. Petryshyn WV, Williamson TE Jr.: Strong and weak convergence of the sequence of successive approximations for quasi-nonexpansive mappings. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1973, 43: 459–497. 10.1016/0022-247X(73)90087-5 3. Deng L, Ding XP: Ishikawa's iterations of real Lipschitz functions. Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 1992,46(1):107–113. 10.1017/S0004972700011710 4. Fukhar-ud-din H, Khan AR: Approximating common fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive maps in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 2007,53(9):1349–1360. 10.1016/j.camwa.2007.01.008 5. Khan AR, Domlo A-A, Fukhar-ud-din H: Common fixed points Noor iteration for a finite family of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2008,341(1):1–11. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2007.06.051 6. Maiti M, Ghosh MK: Approximating fixed points by Ishikawa iterates. Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 1989,40(1):113–117. 10.1017/S0004972700003555 7. Senter HF, Dotson WG Jr.: Approximating fixed points of nonexpansive mappings. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 1974, 44: 375–380. 10.1090/S0002-9939-1974-0346608-8 8. Goebel K, Kirk WA, Shimi TN: A fixed point theorem in uniformly convex spaces. Bollettino dell'Unione Matematica Italiana 1973, 7: 67–75. 9. Kannan R: Some results on fixed points. III. Fundamenta Mathematicae 1971,70(2):169–177. 10. Ghosh MK, Debnath L: Convergence of Ishikawa iterates of quasi-nonexpansive mappings. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1997,207(1):96–103. 10.1006/jmaa.1997.5268 11. Takahashi W: A convexity in metric space and nonexpansive mappings. I. Kōdai Mathematical Seminar Reports 1970, 22: 142–149. 10.2996/kmj/1138846111 12. Shimizu T, Takahashi W: Fixed point theorems in certain convex metric spaces. Mathematica Japonica 1992,37(5):855–859. 13. Cirić LB: On some discontinuous fixed point mappings in convex metric spaces. Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 1993,43(118)(2):319–326. 14. Ding XP: Iteration processes for nonlinear mappings in convex metric spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 1988,132(1):114–122. 10.1016/0022-247X(88)90047-9 15. Talman LA: Fixed points for condensing multifunctions in metric spaces with convex structure. Kōdai Mathematical Seminar Reports 1977,29(1–2):62–70. 16. Espinola R, Hussain N: Common fixed points for multimaps in metric spaces. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2010, Article ID 204981 2010:-14. 17. Khamsi MA, Kirk WA: An Introduction to Metric Spaces and Fixed Point Theory, Pure and Applied Mathematics. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, USA; 2001:x+302. 18. Khamsi MA, Kirk WA, Yañez CM: Fixed point and selection theorems in hyperconvex spaces. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 2000,128(11):3275–3283. 10.1090/S0002-9939-00-05777-4 19. Kirk WA: Krasnoselskiĭ's iteration process in hyperbolic space. Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization 1981/82,4(4):371–381. 20. Shimizu T: A convergence theorem to common fixed points of families of nonexpansive mappings in convex metric spaces. Proceedings of the International Conference on Nonlinear and Convex Analysis, 2005 575–585. 21. Rassias ThM: Some theorems of fixed points in nonlinear analysis. Bulletin of the Institute of Mathematics. Academia Sinica 1985,13(1):5–12. ## Acknowledgment The author A. R. Khan is grateful to King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals for support during this research. ## Author information Authors ### Corresponding author Correspondence to AbdulRahim Khan. ## Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions Khan, A., Fukhar-ud-din, H. & Domlo, A. Approximating Fixed Points of Some Maps in Uniformly Convex Metric Spaces. Fixed Point Theory Appl 2010, 385986 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/385986 • Accepted: • Published: • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/385986 ### Keywords • Convex Subset • Fixed Point Theorem • Strong Convergence • Nonempty Subset • Cauchy Sequence

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Home > Standard Error > Standard Error Of Mean Example # Standard Error Of Mean Example ## Contents Sampling distributionsSample meansCentral limit theoremSampling distribution of the sample meanSampling distribution of the sample mean 2Standard error of the meanSampling distribution example problemConfidence interval 1Difference of sample means distributionCurrent time:0:00Total duration:15:150 Of course, T / n {\displaystyle T/n} is the sample mean x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} . Sprache: Deutsch Herkunft der Inhalte: Deutschland Eingeschränkter Modus: Aus Verlauf Hilfe Wird geladen... Let me get a little calculator out here. http://smartphpstatistics.com/standard-error/when-to-use-standard-deviation-vs-standard-error.html Consider the following scenarios. Similar Worksheets Calculate Standard Deviation from Standard Error How to Calculate Standard Deviation from Probability & Samples Worksheet for how to Calculate Antilog Worksheet for how to Calculate Permutations nPr and Population Mean - Dauer: 6:42 Khan Academy 527.702 Aufrufe 6:42 Standard Deviation : What is it and how to work it out : ExamSolutions - Dauer: 11:06 ExamSolutions 213.470 Aufrufe 11:06 Because of random variation in sampling, the proportion or mean calculated using the sample will usually differ from the true proportion or mean in the entire population. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_error ## Estimating Standard Error Of The Mean So if I were to take 9.3-- so let me do this case. And I'll prove it to you one day. Melde dich bei YouTube an, damit dein Feedback gezählt wird. It could look like anything. So just for fun let me make a-- I'll just mess with this distribution a little bit. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The survey with the lower relative standard error can be said to have a more precise measurement, since it has proportionately less sampling variation around the mean. Standard Error Of Mean Normal Distribution Notice that the population standard deviation of 4.72 years for age at first marriage is about half the standard deviation of 9.27 years for the runners. So I have this on my other screen so I can remember those numbers. How To Calculate The Standard Error Of The Sample Mean But even more important here or I guess even more obviously to us, we saw that in the experiment it's going to have a lower standard deviation. This often leads to confusion about their interchangeability. So this is the variance of our original distribution. So 1 over the square root of 5. Standard Error Of The Mean Explained The ages in that sample were 23, 27, 28, 29, 31, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 40, 48, 53, 54, and 55. Roman letters indicate that these are sample values. You're becoming more normal and your standard deviation is getting smaller. ## How To Calculate The Standard Error Of The Sample Mean American Statistician. Wird geladen... Estimating Standard Error Of The Mean And so-- I'm sorry, the standard deviation of these distributions. What Does Standard Error Of The Mean Mean The sample mean x ¯ {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} = 37.25 is greater than the true population mean μ {\displaystyle \mu } = 33.88 years. The formula to calculate Standard Error is, Standard Error Formula: where SEx̄ = Standard Error of the Mean s = Standard Deviation of the Mean n = Number of Observations of http://smartphpstatistics.com/standard-error/how-to-calculate-standard-error-of-the-mean.html We keep doing that. The notation for standard error can be any one of SE, SEM (for standard error of measurement or mean), or SE. Correction for correlation in the sample Expected error in the mean of A for a sample of n data points with sample bias coefficient ρ. Standard Error Of The Mean Problems However, the mean and standard deviation are descriptive statistics, whereas the standard error of the mean describes bounds on a random sampling process. In other words, it is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample statistic. American Statistical Association. 25 (4): 30–32. check over here The graph below shows the distribution of the sample means for 20,000 samples, where each sample is of size n=16. They may be used to calculate confidence intervals. 1 Standard Error Of The Mean This estimate may be compared with the formula for the true standard deviation of the sample mean: SD x ¯   = σ n {\displaystyle {\text{SD}}_{\bar {x}}\ ={\frac {\sigma }{\sqrt {n}}}} and Keeping, E.S. (1963) Mathematics of Statistics, van Nostrand, p. 187 ^ Zwillinger D. (1995), Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae, Chapman&Hall/CRC. ## Statistical Notes. So it's going to be a very low standard deviation. So maybe it'll look like that. Of the 2000 voters, 1040 (52%) state that they will vote for candidate A. Standard Error Of The Mean Formula Perspect Clin Res. 3 (3): 113–116. doi:10.2307/2340569. Figure 1. This is more squeezed together. this content And so standard deviation here was 2.3 and the standard deviation here is 1.87. Sokal and Rohlf (1981)[7] give an equation of the correction factor for small samples ofn<20. The standard deviation of the age was 9.27 years. The larger your n the smaller a standard deviation. The standard error of the mean (SEM) (i.e., of using the sample mean as a method of estimating the population mean) is the standard deviation of those sample means over all In each of these scenarios, a sample of observations is drawn from a large population. Moreover, this formula works for positive and negative ρ alike.[10] See also unbiased estimation of standard deviation for more discussion. It's going to be the same thing as that, especially if we do the trial over and over again. National Center for Health Statistics typically does not report an estimated mean if its relative standard error exceeds 30%. (NCHS also typically requires at least 30 observations – if not more Therefore, the predictions in Graph A are more accurate than in Graph B. A quantitative measure of uncertainty is reported: a margin of error of 2%, or a confidence interval of 18 to 22.

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× Back to all chapters # Topology Explore geometric properties and spatial relations that are unaffected by continuous deformations, like stretching and bending. The next time you scan a bar code on a can of soda, thank a topologist. # Subsequence Convergence Which of the following sequences are subsequences of the sequence $$a_n=n^2$$? $\text{I. } a_n=(2n)^2\quad\text{II. } a_n=2n^2.$ If the sequence $$\{a_n\}$$ converges, what is the most we can say about how many subsequences of $$\{a_n\}$$ converge? If the convergent sequence $$a_n$$ of positive numbers satisfies $\lim_{n\to \infty} a_{n^2}+a_n^2= 56,$ what is the value of $$\lim_{n\to\infty} a_n$$? Consider a sequence $$a_n$$. If $$a_n$$ converges to $$x,$$ is it true that every subsequence of the $$a_n$$ has a further subsequence that converges to $$x$$? If a sequence $$a_n$$ satisfies $$\lim_{n\to\infty} a_{2n}=3$$, is it true that $$\lim_{n\to\infty} a_{2n+1}=3$$ as well? ×

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throwing weapons Rules Questions Ok so lets say i do not have flurry of stars ninga trick, so can i still throw more than one stare from one hand? If i can how many for each hand? On a flurry, it doesn't matter which hand is throwing them.. you can say the whole lot are thrown from one hand if you like. jason schultz 848 wrote: Ok so lets say i do not have flurry of stars ninga trick, so can i still throw more than one stare from one hand? If i can how many for each hand? You can throw as many shuriken as you have attacks, since drawing a shuriken is treated like drawing ammunition, a free action. You can also use Two-Weapon Fighting to throw an additional shuriken. Grick wrote: jason schultz 848 wrote: Ok so lets say i do not have flurry of stars ninga trick, so can i still throw more than one stare from one hand? If i can how many for each hand? You can throw as many shuriken as you have attacks, since drawing a shuriken is treated like drawing ammunition, a free action. You can also use Two-Weapon Fighting to throw an additional shuriken. Ok i do have TWF and have flurry stars trick so i would be able to throw 4 stars at most im only lev 2 ninga 1 person marked this as a favorite. Your Flurry +1 for TWF. Yes. Penalties stack. jason schultz 848 wrote: Ok i do have TWF and have flurry stars trick so i would be able to throw 4 stars at most im only lev 2 ninga A level 2 ninja using Two-Weapon Fighting and Flurry of Stars (Ex) could throw four shuriken. The penalties would be significant. BAB+1, -2 from Flurry, -2 from TWF (assuming you have the feat) means each of those attacks are at -3 (plus your dexterity bonus, weapon focus, enhancement bonus, etc.) thanks for the help on this jason schultz 848 wrote: thanks for the help on this my dex is 18 so +4 so that would put me at a +1 on all my attacks? By the way, if you focus on Shuriken, then a few single special material Shuriken, and a Wand of Abundant Ammunition is your friend. blackbloodtroll wrote: By the way, if you focus on Shuriken, then a few single special material Shuriken, and a Wand of Abundant Ammunition is your friend. Great call on that i will note that one!! I was thinking i could use ki charg and flurry of stars in the same action but found out that will no work but i do like what you thout of may do the trick now

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# need help with hit percent ok, I am about ready to roll out a new freebie "open source" system for pick3 and pick4, but I need to test the results... here is the info I have, scenario one (3 digit game) This game had 9,881 drawings... how many times would I expect to hit straight playing one random combination per game over the entire draw history? scenario two (4 digit game) This game had 7,367 drawings... how many times would I expect to hit straight playing one random combination per game over the entire draw history? If anyone has a formula, that would help also... once I get the answer I will post the results of my backtesting... If I am on par with random averages, then there is no point wasting everyone's time with it... thanks in advance for all replies In my travels I came across the following statistics for the Pick-3: 50% of the time a NoMatch (6 way boxed number) will hit within 116 draws of its last draw. 75% of the time it will hit within 231 draws of its last draw. 99.00% of the time a nomatch will hit within 765 games of its last draw. interesting... thanks! here's what I found for results when backtesting my system... 3 digit (64 straight hits in 9,881 games) 4 digit (11 straight hits in 7,367 games) The odds are exactly what they appear to be - 1::1,000 and 1::10,000, respectively. Your results are not outside the realm of normal probability. gl j Something doesn't add up right. If you are looking at Straights only ......then that figure is way higher than expected. Something doesn't add up right. If you are looking at Straights only ......then that figure is way higher than expected. I don't know math, but yes, it is very obvious, so I also do agree. Go for it, Hyper. It takes 2.7 years for all 1000 numbers to cycle or have at least one chance to hit. Any Straight has an expected hit rate of 1 time every 1000 draws. Straight that is. Soooo it's really pretty easy to figure that the expected rate is once every 1000 number draw cycle. There were almost 10 cycles over about 27 years of draws or 9,881 . I would expect at least 9 or 10 straight hits during that time of any one of the 1000 numbers...... even triples. Each of the 1000 numbers would have hit straight almost the same amount of times. 9.8 times straight (each) Remember if he's using a system then he's trying to do better than averages.  If a system can't beat the odds then it's no better than choosing QPs.  If it's really much better than expected he might have a winner. Also in every lottery game that I've ever participated, combinations will start repeating when less than 15% of the possible combination have hit.  This include pick5 games also where I follow Ohio Buckeye5 which had 5 combinations to repeat in its 5000 draw history.  Buckeye5 was a 5/37 game that had 435,897 possible combinations. Each number has 1 in 1000 to hit, every draw. The chances of the same number hitting several draws, counted before the first draw!!!, straight as is, would be for e.g. 3 draws in a row: 1000 * 1000 * 1000 = 1/1 000 000 000 i guess... NJ eve, pick3: 10433 draws Each number, in theorie, should have hit 10 times. (it's not b/c we find the 998 a high sum, that it has no chance of hitting... a 18-sumdigit has more chance to come out b/c it covers much more numbers than 24 or so, see the number 996 in the following view) Top 20: NbrHits 21923 99622 82421 00821 23920 25720 94920 91819 37419 11419 09719 16019 29119 31019 34218 51618 88818 09218 75118 32318 Worst 20 NbrHits 3554 3674 0044 0714 1624 3034 9564 2034 3944 6654 4574 7394 2134 4403 2173 1383 7533 7282 1272 0612 108 numbers have hit 10 times The next view shows how many numbers fall into what categorie numbersHits 123 122 221 320 719 1318 917 3116 3715 6014 8413 10812 13511 10910 1119 1048 647 636 335 184 43 32 cool, looks like things are a bit higher than random... definitely looks like something to keep working on. thanks for the help!

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# Price elastic planning for Retail I have a retail customer they are interested in seeting "Price elasticity" based forecasting calculation for their products, we did calculate a correlation coefficient to identify the products which are price elastic, as a next step they want to use the model to predict a possible price-sales function and use it in their forecasting. Have we done this use case elsewhere, any pointers will be helpful. • Nice question and a tough one at that! Price elasticity, the actual coefficients, are generally calculated outside of Anaplan using some very sophisticated statistical models. Be careful though, retail is finicky because the price change often  doesn't impact just the item you're evaluating. It can impact similarly offered items and there's this concept of a "halo" effect, not to mention what happens if you stockout. There are some who believe the average number of dollars per transaction (or average value per transaction) is relatively fixed. Meaning, by lowering the price all you are doing is encouraging customers to spend on markdowns thereby giving away margin. Yes, the sales increase on the item whose price you lowered, but the impact on other items is that their sales dropped. Once you have the coefficients, though, they are very easy to implement in Anaplan. Here is a typical calculation I use: [(1+change in price)^Elasticity]-1 Unless you plan to use a Alteryx or Knime, I would recommend a simpler approach to forecasting the impact of price changes. Use a "rule of thumb", meaning a 30% reduction will give a lift of 1.5X using historical promotions as a guide. I know this may sound ridiculous to a top-analyst but I've found it's just as accurate as going through all the data science. It's more intuitive, it's "explainable", and much simpler. I wouldn't underestimate the explainability of your model.Most retailers I've worked with prefer a more intuitive understanding of the forecast recommendations. Great topic @ArunManickam - let's keep this conversation going! • Thanks @JaredDolich . This is useful. Lets keep the conversation on, I also like to be simplistic on this. Customer is not willing to invest more on newer AI/ML technology at the moment. Great approach you have shown, let me try to apply this for few SKUs and circle back with customer. Thanks Arun

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It is currently 19 Oct 2017, 15:37 ### GMAT Club Daily Prep #### Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email. Customized for You we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History Track every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance Practice Pays we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History # Events & Promotions ###### Events & Promotions in June Open Detailed Calendar # In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the Author Message Manager Joined: 02 Aug 2006 Posts: 212 Kudos [?]: 342 [0], given: 0 Location: Taipei ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 06:42 00:00 Difficulty: (N/A) Question Stats: 100% (00:51) correct 0% (00:00) wrong based on 7 sessions ### HideShow timer Statistics In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States. A. with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going B. with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes C. with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going D. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes E. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going Kudos [?]: 342 [0], given: 0 Director Joined: 06 Feb 2006 Posts: 893 Kudos [?]: 122 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 06:52 C for me.... A) ...to foreign markets, almost half of which going B) ...to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes D) ...to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes E) ...to foreign markets, with almost half going C) .... of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going Clear referent.... Kudos [?]: 122 [0], given: 0 SVP Joined: 24 Sep 2005 Posts: 1884 Kudos [?]: 378 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 08:13 jerrywu wrote: In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States. A. with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going B. with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes C. with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going D. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes E. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going a quite confusing one .... I scale down to B and C coz they have sufficient antecedent of "it" which is "the sale" .. C somehow sounds better ...B would be better if it used "half of it going" I prefer C. Kudos [?]: 378 [0], given: 0 SVP Joined: 24 Sep 2005 Posts: 1884 Kudos [?]: 378 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 08:17 anandsebastin wrote: E seems more appropriate. I would go for E if it said "almost half of it going " ... Kudos [?]: 378 [0], given: 0 Manager Joined: 04 May 2006 Posts: 171 Kudos [?]: 31 [0], given: 0 Location: paris ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 08:22 between D and E. cause participial phrase "selling.." is better to describe the subject "Argentina". I pick "D" _________________ time is not on my side Kudos [?]: 31 [0], given: 0 Director Joined: 23 Jun 2005 Posts: 840 Kudos [?]: 86 [0], given: 1 GMAT 1: 740 Q48 V42 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 08:23 laxieqv wrote: anandsebastin wrote: E seems more appropriate. I would go for E if it said "almost half of it going " ... You're right, laxieqv, but still the wording in C still doesn't jive with me - "with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going" Kudos [?]: 86 [0], given: 1 SVP Joined: 24 Sep 2005 Posts: 1884 Kudos [?]: 378 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 08:29 anandsebastin wrote: laxieqv wrote: anandsebastin wrote: E seems more appropriate. I would go for E if it said "almost half of it going " ... You're right, laxieqv, but still the wording in C still doesn't jive with me - "with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going" It doesn't sound euphonious to me as well ....that's why i was tentative ....but if not C ..then to which "it" refers?!! Kudos [?]: 378 [0], given: 0 Director Joined: 06 Sep 2006 Posts: 734 Kudos [?]: 49 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 08:41 Better choices: D & E. E sounds better to me. So, E. Kudos [?]: 49 [0], given: 0 Current Student Joined: 29 Jan 2005 Posts: 5206 Kudos [?]: 434 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 08:52 laxieqv wrote: anandsebastin wrote: laxieqv wrote: anandsebastin wrote: E seems more appropriate. I would go for E if it said "almost half of it going " ... You're right, laxieqv, but still the wording in C still doesn't jive with me - "with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going" It doesn't sound euphonious to me as well ....that's why i was tentative ....but if not C ..then to which "it" refers?!! Laxie, C is passive and wordy. (E) stands here because of the succint active phrasing and the implied use of "it." euphonious... hmm, sounds like somebody is studying up on GRE vocab Kudos [?]: 434 [0], given: 0 Senior Manager Joined: 11 Jul 2006 Posts: 377 Kudos [?]: 17 [0], given: 0 Location: TX ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 09:54 jerrywu wrote: In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States. A. with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going B. with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes C. with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going D. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes E. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going Going with E "with the sale to foreign markets of" is wordy and like GMAT73 mentioned passive. Kudos [?]: 17 [0], given: 0 Director Joined: 06 Feb 2006 Posts: 893 Kudos [?]: 122 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 10 Oct 2006, 23:49 I did not choose E, because E means that half of foreign markets go to USA? What does that mean?.... Half of the markets of countries around the world go to USA? I still stand for C Kudos [?]: 122 [0], given: 0 VP Joined: 21 Mar 2006 Posts: 1124 Kudos [?]: 48 [0], given: 0 Location: Bangalore ### Show Tags 11 Oct 2006, 03:29 A. with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going - which going is akward. OUT B. with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes - that is extra. OUT C. with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going - should be sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets. OUT D. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes - not parallel. Selling - goes. OUT E. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going - right by POE Kudos [?]: 48 [0], given: 0 Director Joined: 06 Feb 2006 Posts: 893 Kudos [?]: 122 [0], given: 0 ### Show Tags 11 Oct 2006, 03:43 kripalkavi wrote: A. with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going - which going is akward. OUT B. with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes - that is extra. OUT C. with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going - should be sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets. OUT D. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes - not parallel. Selling - goes. OUT E. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going - right by POE Yes.... in C foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year distorts the meaning of the sentence..... yeah then E should be correct.... Kudos [?]: 122 [0], given: 0 Manager Joined: 02 Aug 2006 Posts: 212 Kudos [?]: 342 [0], given: 0 Location: Taipei ### Show Tags 11 Oct 2006, 10:00 SimaQ wrote: kripalkavi wrote: A. with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going - which going is akward. OUT B. with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes - that is extra. OUT C. with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going - should be sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets. OUT D. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes - not parallel. Selling - goes. OUT E. selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going - right by POE Yes.... in C foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year distorts the meaning of the sentence..... yeah then E should be correct.... OA is E Kudos [?]: 342 [0], given: 0 11 Oct 2006, 10:00 Display posts from previous: Sort by

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# Linear Least Squares I again found myself in trouble understanding the following problem (1b) I understand linear least squares as that I have a data points, and I am trying to find a line between them which approaches given data the best and thus I want to minimaze the distance between the model and the real system. I know the formula, I know a way but I am quite clueless how to apply that. My idea is $e[k]=y-\hat{y}$ and thus substituting that to the formula I listed above, and then using the system formula rewrite e as a function of theta and then do the partial derivation with respect to theta and so obtain a minimum. Can anyone please give me a hint if I am thinking correctly and if so how to get rid of that norm ? Thanks a lot Note that $$\hat{y}[k] = \theta u[k].$$ Consequently, $$\|y-\hat{y}\|^2 = \sum_{k=0}^{N-1}(y[k]-\theta u[k])^2.$$ In order to compute $\theta$, we take the derivative of the above expression w.r.t. $\theta$ and equate to $0$. That is, $$\frac{\partial }{\partial \theta}\sum_{k=0}^{N-1}(y[k]-\theta u[k])^2 = -2\sum_{k=0}^{N-1}(y[k]-\theta u[k])u[k] = 0 \implies \theta \sum_{k=0}^{N-1}(u[k])^2=\sum_{k=0}^{N-1}y[k]u[k].$$ Therefore, $$\hat{\theta} = \frac{\sum_{k=0}^{N-1}y[k]u[k]}{\sum_{k=0}^{N-1}(u[k])^2}.$$ Obviously, $\theta$ cannot be estimated when $u[k]=0$. Lastly, use the fact that $E[y[k]]=E[\theta u[k] + e[k]] = \theta u[k] + 1$ to calculate the bias of $\hat{\theta}$. • Ok thank you, this answers my question what happens to the norm, can you please just explain how is it possible that we do not count with noise at all? It seems a little bit weird to me, why were we given a noise distribution information when I dont get to use that.. – user118331 Sep 25 '17 at 16:38 • You use the noise information to calculate the bias in the part (c). – Math Lover Sep 25 '17 at 16:38 • Thanks a lot :] It really helped me! – user118331 Sep 25 '17 at 16:40 Suppose $u[k] = 0$ for all $k$. By assumption, this means $$y[k] = e[k]$$ Indeed, this means $$\big[ \|\hat y - y\|_2^2\big] = \big[ \|\hat y - e\|_2^2 \big]$$ and in particular, if were minimizing in expectation, it would follow that $$\mathbb{E} \big[ \|\hat y - y\|_2^2\big] = \mathbb{E} \big[ \|\hat y - e\|_2^2 \big]$$ If $e[k]$ were known to be iid according to $\mathcal{N}(1, \sigma^2)$, then the above expected squared error would be smallest for $\hat y = \mathbb{E}[ e ] = 1$. The calculation $\hat y = \mathbb{E} [ e]$ can be done using elementary calculus techniques and knowledge that $e[k] \sim \mathcal{N}(1, \sigma^2)$. • Thanks for the efford to answer my question, but I think we didnt understand each other. I was asking about the question number2, I dont know how to get rid of that norm in there so I can partialy derivate it with the respect to theta and thus find a minimum. – user118331 Sep 25 '17 at 16:33

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# Pascal’s Triangle ## 121 is 11 squared. 1331 is 11 cubed & 14641 is 11^4 Pascal’s Triangle helps us arrive at the expansion of (a+b) to any power. We know the formulae for (a+b)^2 and (a+b)^3 Now as shown in the diagram, we can find (a+b)^4 or (a+b)^5  or any other power Pascal’s triangle numbers in each row gives us the coefficients of the terms of the expansion. And the terms themselves can be simply derived. For example in the expansion of (x+y)^4, the coefficients are 14641 while in the terms, the power of x comes down from 4 to 3 to 2 to 1 to 0 while the powers of y goes up from 0 to 1 to 2 to 3 to 4. Similarly for (x+y)^5. The coefficients are 1 5 10 10 5 1 and the power of x comes down from 5 to 0 & powers of y goes up from 0 to 5

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Explore BrainMass # The action of a harmonic oscillator This content was COPIED from BrainMass.com - View the original, and get the already-completed solution here! Consider the harmonic oscillator, for which the general solution is x(t) = A cos(wt) + B sin(wt) 1. Express the energy in terms of A and B and show it is time independent. 2. Choose A and B such that x(0)=x1 and x(T)=x2. 3. Write down the energy in terms of x1, x2 and T. 4. Calculate the action S for the trajectory connecting x1 and x2 5. verify the dS/dT = -E. See the attached file.

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Questions? See the FAQ or other info. # Polytope of Type {6,12} Atlas Canonical Name : {6,12}*864b if this polytope has a name. Group : SmallGroup(864,4000) Rank : 3 Schlafli Type : {6,12} Number of vertices, edges, etc : 36, 216, 72 Order of s0s1s2 : 6 Order of s0s1s2s1 : 12 Special Properties : Compact Hyperbolic Quotient Locally Spherical Orientable Related Polytopes : Facet Vertex Figure Dual Petrial Facet Of : {6,12,2} of size 1728 Vertex Figure Of : {2,6,12} of size 1728 Quotients (Maximal Quotients in Boldface) : 2-fold quotients : {6,12}*432d 3-fold quotients : {6,12}*288a 4-fold quotients : {6,6}*216b 6-fold quotients : {6,12}*144d 8-fold quotients : {6,6}*108 9-fold quotients : {6,4}*96 12-fold quotients : {6,6}*72a 18-fold quotients : {3,4}*48, {6,4}*48b, {6,4}*48c 36-fold quotients : {3,4}*24, {2,6}*24, {6,2}*24 72-fold quotients : {2,3}*12, {3,2}*12 108-fold quotients : {2,2}*8 Covers (Minimal Covers in Boldface) : 2-fold covers : {12,12}*1728j, {6,12}*1728b, {6,24}*1728c, {6,24}*1728e, {12,12}*1728o Permutation Representation (GAP) : ```s0 := ( 2, 3)( 5, 9)( 6, 11)( 7, 10)( 8, 12)( 14, 15)( 17, 21)( 18, 23) ( 19, 22)( 20, 24)( 26, 27)( 29, 33)( 30, 35)( 31, 34)( 32, 36)( 37, 73) ( 38, 75)( 39, 74)( 40, 76)( 41, 81)( 42, 83)( 43, 82)( 44, 84)( 45, 77) ( 46, 79)( 47, 78)( 48, 80)( 49, 85)( 50, 87)( 51, 86)( 52, 88)( 53, 93) ( 54, 95)( 55, 94)( 56, 96)( 57, 89)( 58, 91)( 59, 90)( 60, 92)( 61, 97) ( 62, 99)( 63, 98)( 64,100)( 65,105)( 66,107)( 67,106)( 68,108)( 69,101) ( 70,103)( 71,102)( 72,104)(110,111)(113,117)(114,119)(115,118)(116,120) (122,123)(125,129)(126,131)(127,130)(128,132)(134,135)(137,141)(138,143) (139,142)(140,144)(145,181)(146,183)(147,182)(148,184)(149,189)(150,191) (151,190)(152,192)(153,185)(154,187)(155,186)(156,188)(157,193)(158,195) (159,194)(160,196)(161,201)(162,203)(163,202)(164,204)(165,197)(166,199) (167,198)(168,200)(169,205)(170,207)(171,206)(172,208)(173,213)(174,215) (175,214)(176,216)(177,209)(178,211)(179,210)(180,212);; s1 := ( 1, 37)( 2, 38)( 3, 40)( 4, 39)( 5, 41)( 6, 42)( 7, 44)( 8, 43) ( 9, 45)( 10, 46)( 11, 48)( 12, 47)( 13, 69)( 14, 70)( 15, 72)( 16, 71) ( 17, 61)( 18, 62)( 19, 64)( 20, 63)( 21, 65)( 22, 66)( 23, 68)( 24, 67) ( 25, 53)( 26, 54)( 27, 56)( 28, 55)( 29, 57)( 30, 58)( 31, 60)( 32, 59) ( 33, 49)( 34, 50)( 35, 52)( 36, 51)( 75, 76)( 79, 80)( 83, 84)( 85,105) ( 86,106)( 87,108)( 88,107)( 89, 97)( 90, 98)( 91,100)( 92, 99)( 93,101) ( 94,102)( 95,104)( 96,103)(109,145)(110,146)(111,148)(112,147)(113,149) (114,150)(115,152)(116,151)(117,153)(118,154)(119,156)(120,155)(121,177) (122,178)(123,180)(124,179)(125,169)(126,170)(127,172)(128,171)(129,173) (130,174)(131,176)(132,175)(133,161)(134,162)(135,164)(136,163)(137,165) (138,166)(139,168)(140,167)(141,157)(142,158)(143,160)(144,159)(183,184) (187,188)(191,192)(193,213)(194,214)(195,216)(196,215)(197,205)(198,206) (199,208)(200,207)(201,209)(202,210)(203,212)(204,211);; s2 := ( 1,124)( 2,123)( 3,122)( 4,121)( 5,132)( 6,131)( 7,130)( 8,129) ( 9,128)( 10,127)( 11,126)( 12,125)( 13,112)( 14,111)( 15,110)( 16,109) ( 17,120)( 18,119)( 19,118)( 20,117)( 21,116)( 22,115)( 23,114)( 24,113) ( 25,136)( 26,135)( 27,134)( 28,133)( 29,144)( 30,143)( 31,142)( 32,141) ( 33,140)( 34,139)( 35,138)( 36,137)( 37,160)( 38,159)( 39,158)( 40,157) ( 41,168)( 42,167)( 43,166)( 44,165)( 45,164)( 46,163)( 47,162)( 48,161) ( 49,148)( 50,147)( 51,146)( 52,145)( 53,156)( 54,155)( 55,154)( 56,153) ( 57,152)( 58,151)( 59,150)( 60,149)( 61,172)( 62,171)( 63,170)( 64,169) ( 65,180)( 66,179)( 67,178)( 68,177)( 69,176)( 70,175)( 71,174)( 72,173) ( 73,196)( 74,195)( 75,194)( 76,193)( 77,204)( 78,203)( 79,202)( 80,201) ( 81,200)( 82,199)( 83,198)( 84,197)( 85,184)( 86,183)( 87,182)( 88,181) ( 89,192)( 90,191)( 91,190)( 92,189)( 93,188)( 94,187)( 95,186)( 96,185) ( 97,208)( 98,207)( 99,206)(100,205)(101,216)(102,215)(103,214)(104,213) (105,212)(106,211)(107,210)(108,209);; poly := Group([s0,s1,s2]);; ``` Finitely Presented Group Representation (GAP) : ```F := FreeGroup("s0","s1","s2");; s0 := F.1;; s1 := F.2;; s2 := F.3;; rels := [ s0*s0, s1*s1, s2*s2, s0*s2*s0*s2, s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1, s2*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s0*s1, s2*s0*s1*s2*s1*s2*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s2*s1*s2*s0*s1, s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2 ];; poly := F / rels;; ``` Permutation Representation (Magma) : ```s0 := Sym(216)!( 2, 3)( 5, 9)( 6, 11)( 7, 10)( 8, 12)( 14, 15)( 17, 21) ( 18, 23)( 19, 22)( 20, 24)( 26, 27)( 29, 33)( 30, 35)( 31, 34)( 32, 36) ( 37, 73)( 38, 75)( 39, 74)( 40, 76)( 41, 81)( 42, 83)( 43, 82)( 44, 84) ( 45, 77)( 46, 79)( 47, 78)( 48, 80)( 49, 85)( 50, 87)( 51, 86)( 52, 88) ( 53, 93)( 54, 95)( 55, 94)( 56, 96)( 57, 89)( 58, 91)( 59, 90)( 60, 92) ( 61, 97)( 62, 99)( 63, 98)( 64,100)( 65,105)( 66,107)( 67,106)( 68,108) ( 69,101)( 70,103)( 71,102)( 72,104)(110,111)(113,117)(114,119)(115,118) (116,120)(122,123)(125,129)(126,131)(127,130)(128,132)(134,135)(137,141) (138,143)(139,142)(140,144)(145,181)(146,183)(147,182)(148,184)(149,189) (150,191)(151,190)(152,192)(153,185)(154,187)(155,186)(156,188)(157,193) (158,195)(159,194)(160,196)(161,201)(162,203)(163,202)(164,204)(165,197) (166,199)(167,198)(168,200)(169,205)(170,207)(171,206)(172,208)(173,213) (174,215)(175,214)(176,216)(177,209)(178,211)(179,210)(180,212); s1 := Sym(216)!( 1, 37)( 2, 38)( 3, 40)( 4, 39)( 5, 41)( 6, 42)( 7, 44) ( 8, 43)( 9, 45)( 10, 46)( 11, 48)( 12, 47)( 13, 69)( 14, 70)( 15, 72) ( 16, 71)( 17, 61)( 18, 62)( 19, 64)( 20, 63)( 21, 65)( 22, 66)( 23, 68) ( 24, 67)( 25, 53)( 26, 54)( 27, 56)( 28, 55)( 29, 57)( 30, 58)( 31, 60) ( 32, 59)( 33, 49)( 34, 50)( 35, 52)( 36, 51)( 75, 76)( 79, 80)( 83, 84) ( 85,105)( 86,106)( 87,108)( 88,107)( 89, 97)( 90, 98)( 91,100)( 92, 99) ( 93,101)( 94,102)( 95,104)( 96,103)(109,145)(110,146)(111,148)(112,147) (113,149)(114,150)(115,152)(116,151)(117,153)(118,154)(119,156)(120,155) (121,177)(122,178)(123,180)(124,179)(125,169)(126,170)(127,172)(128,171) (129,173)(130,174)(131,176)(132,175)(133,161)(134,162)(135,164)(136,163) (137,165)(138,166)(139,168)(140,167)(141,157)(142,158)(143,160)(144,159) (183,184)(187,188)(191,192)(193,213)(194,214)(195,216)(196,215)(197,205) (198,206)(199,208)(200,207)(201,209)(202,210)(203,212)(204,211); s2 := Sym(216)!( 1,124)( 2,123)( 3,122)( 4,121)( 5,132)( 6,131)( 7,130) ( 8,129)( 9,128)( 10,127)( 11,126)( 12,125)( 13,112)( 14,111)( 15,110) ( 16,109)( 17,120)( 18,119)( 19,118)( 20,117)( 21,116)( 22,115)( 23,114) ( 24,113)( 25,136)( 26,135)( 27,134)( 28,133)( 29,144)( 30,143)( 31,142) ( 32,141)( 33,140)( 34,139)( 35,138)( 36,137)( 37,160)( 38,159)( 39,158) ( 40,157)( 41,168)( 42,167)( 43,166)( 44,165)( 45,164)( 46,163)( 47,162) ( 48,161)( 49,148)( 50,147)( 51,146)( 52,145)( 53,156)( 54,155)( 55,154) ( 56,153)( 57,152)( 58,151)( 59,150)( 60,149)( 61,172)( 62,171)( 63,170) ( 64,169)( 65,180)( 66,179)( 67,178)( 68,177)( 69,176)( 70,175)( 71,174) ( 72,173)( 73,196)( 74,195)( 75,194)( 76,193)( 77,204)( 78,203)( 79,202) ( 80,201)( 81,200)( 82,199)( 83,198)( 84,197)( 85,184)( 86,183)( 87,182) ( 88,181)( 89,192)( 90,191)( 91,190)( 92,189)( 93,188)( 94,187)( 95,186) ( 96,185)( 97,208)( 98,207)( 99,206)(100,205)(101,216)(102,215)(103,214) (104,213)(105,212)(106,211)(107,210)(108,209); poly := sub<Sym(216)|s0,s1,s2>; ``` Finitely Presented Group Representation (Magma) : ```poly<s0,s1,s2> := Group< s0,s1,s2 | s0*s0, s1*s1, s2*s2, s0*s2*s0*s2, s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1*s0*s1, s2*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s0*s1, s2*s0*s1*s2*s1*s2*s0*s1*s2*s0*s1*s2*s1*s2*s0*s1, s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2*s1*s2 >; ``` References : None. to this polytope

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# Euclideanization Programme Back in the 1980s, a lot of work (Hawking et al) was done on deriving semiclassical and quantum gravity results on spacetimes with Euclidean signature. The connection with the Lorentzian signature versions was then made by analytic continuation. Does anyone know - are there any generic conditions which can be stated which ensure that a Lorentzian signature metric can be analytically continued into the complex domain and there posess a Euclidean signature section ? Or alternatively, what are the obstructions to analytic continuation into the Euclidean domain ? Related Beyond the Standard Model News on Phys.org Back in the 1980s, a lot of work (Hawking et al) was done on deriving semiclassical and quantum gravity results on spacetimes with Euclidean signature. The connection with the Lorentzian signature versions was then made by analytic continuation. Does anyone know - are there any generic conditions which can be stated which ensure that a Lorentzian signature metric can be analytically continued into the complex domain and there posess a Euclidean signature section ? Or alternatively, what are the obstructions to analytic continuation into the Euclidean domain ? There could be many obstructions I guess, such as the lack of an everywhere well defined timelike vectorfied which is generically the case for Morse-like ''Lorentzian'' spacetimes in topology changing configurations (such as the trousers); another obstruction could be the development of poles due to analytic continuation such as happens for the metric - 1/(a^2 + t^2) dt^2 + dx^2 if you rotate t --> i t , then you get poles at t = +/- a. Thanks. I guess it's a case by case basis. I was trying to get a feel for how typical the results obtained by Hawking and co (e.g. those for the Euclidean Schwarzchild solution) were. Thanks. I guess it's a case by case basis. I was trying to get a feel for how typical the results obtained by Hawking and co (e.g. those for the Euclidean Schwarzchild solution) were. Yes, it is a case by case basis. Analytic continuation works rather well for QFT's on a fixed background spacetime and I think (not sure though) Hawking radiation on Schwarzschild has been computed with and without it (I remember the original calculation was Lorentzian). However, in quantum gravity, the technique is disputed; my personal take on it is that it is not correct, but I have no proof of this. Careful

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P8-5A Malone Company In this tutorial, we will look at a few examples of adjusting entries for Bad Debt Expenses. This should show you the pros and cons when comparing the Direct Write-Off Method to the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts method. • Student: Tyler Muffty • Textbook: Principles of Accounting II • Course: Accounting Week 3 Video Tutorial by OctoTutor At December 31, 2017, the trial balance of Malone Company contained the following amounts before adjustment. • Accounts Receivable: \$180,000 • Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:   \$  1,500 • Sales Revenue:   875,000 Part A Prepare the adjusting entry at December 31, 2017, to record bad debt expense, assuming that the aging schedule indicates that \$10,200 of accounts receivable will be uncollectible. Amount Uncollectible 10,200 Account Debit Credit Bad Debt Expense 8,700 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 8,700 Part B (b) Repeat part (a), assuming that instead of a credit balance there is a \$1,500 debit balance in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Debit on Doubtful Accounts 1,500 Account Debit Credit Bad Debt Expense 11,700 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 11,700 Part C (c) During the next month, January 2018, a \$2,100 account receivable is written off as uncollectible. Prepare the journal entry to record the write‐off. Write off amount 2,100 Account Debit Credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 2,100 Accounts Receivable 2,100 Part D (d) Repeat part (c), assuming that Malone Company uses the direct write‐off method instead of the allowance method in accounting for uncollectible accounts receivable. Account Debit Credit Bad Debt Expense 2,100 Accounts Receivable 2,100 What are the advantages of using the allowance method in accounting for uncollectible accounts as compared to the direct write‐off method? With the allowance method, an future bad debt is placed into a reserve account as soon the transaction occurs. This makes bad debts more proactive because it requires management to make estimates in advance. It is considered a more conservative approach compared to the direct write off method. The direct write off could lead to unexpected liquidity problems if the expense is large enough. The main drawback is that it is more complicated record and manage from the company’s standpoint.

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It is currently 21 Nov 2017, 20:54 ### GMAT Club Daily Prep #### Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email. Customized for You we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History Track every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance Practice Pays we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History # Events & Promotions ###### Events & Promotions in June Open Detailed Calendar # Connsumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer Author Message Manager Joined: 30 Mar 2007 Posts: 177 Kudos [?]: 44 [0], given: 0 Connsumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer [#permalink] ### Show Tags 07 May 2007, 21:14 00:00 Difficulty: (N/A) Question Stats: 0% (00:00) correct 0% (00:00) wrong based on 0 sessions ### HideShow timer Statistics Connsumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer banks to turn than do consumers elsewhere in the US. This shortage of competion among banks explains why interest rates on personal loans in California are higher than in any other region of the US. Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the conclusion above? A. Because of the comparatively high wayes they must pay to attract qualified workers, California banks charge depositors more than banks elsewhere do for many of the services they offer. B. Personal loans are risker than other types of loans, such as home mortgage loans, that banks make. C. Since bank deposits in California are covered by the same type of insurnance that guarentees bank deposit in other parts of the United States, they are no less secure than deposits elsewhere D. The proportion of consumers who default on their personal loans is lower in California than in any other region of the US E. Interest rates paid by California banks to depositors are lower than those paid by banks in other parts of the US because in California there is less competition to attract depositors In the passage, does the shortage of competition among banks mean that there is no competition? I am a bit confused Kudos [?]: 44 [0], given: 0 Connsumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer   [#permalink] 07 May 2007, 21:14 Display posts from previous: Sort by # Connsumers in California seeking personal loans have fewer Moderators: GMATNinjaTwo, GMATNinja Powered by phpBB © phpBB Group | Emoji artwork provided by EmojiOne Kindly note that the GMAT® test is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council®, and this site has neither been reviewed nor endorsed by GMAC®.

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6. Improve Cache Efficiency by Blocking¶ Open the notebook in Colab In Section 5 we saw that properly reordering the loop axes to get more friendly memory access pattern, together with thread-level parallelization, could dramatically improve the performance for matrix multiplication. The results show that for small-scale matrices, our performance outperforms the NumPy baseline. However, for large matrices, we need to carefully consider the cache hierarchy discussed in Section 1. %matplotlib inline import tvm from tvm import te import numpy as np import d2ltvm target = 'llvm -mcpu=skylake-avx512' Before we started, let’s rerun the benchmark for NumPy as our baseline. sizes = 2**np.arange(5, 12, 1) exe_times = [d2ltvm.bench_workload(d2ltvm.np_matmul_timer(n)) for n in sizes] np_gflops = 2 * sizes **3 / 1e9 / np.array(exe_times) 6.1. Blocked Matrix Multiplication¶ One commonly used strategy is tiling matrices into small blocks that can be fitted into the cache. The math behind it is that a block of $$C$$, e.g. C[x:x+tx, y:y+ty] by the NumPy notation, can be computed by the corresponding rows of $$A$$ and columns of $$B$$. That is C[x:x+tx, y:y+ty] = np.dot(A[x:x+tx,:], B[:,y:y+ty]) We can further decompose this matrix multiplication into multiple small ones C[x:x+tx, y:y+ty] = sum(np.dot(A[x:x+tx,k:k+tk], B[k:k+tk,y:y+ty]) for k in range(0,n,tk)) This computation is also illustrated in Fig. 6.1.1. Fig. 6.1.1 Blocked tiling for matrix multiplication. In each submatrix computation, we need to write a [tx, ty] shape matrix, and reach two matrices with shapes [tx, tk] and [tk, ty]. We can compute such a computation in a single CPU core. If we properly choose the tiling sizes tx, ty and tk to fit into the L1 cache, which is 32KB for our CPU (refer to Section 1). The reduced cache miss then should improve the performance. Let’s implement this idea. In the following code block, we choose tx=ty=32 and tk=4 so that the submatrix to write has a size of 32*32*4=4KB and the total size of the two submatrices to read is 2*32*4*4=1KB. The three matrices together can fit into our L1 cache easily. The tiling is implemented by the tile primitive. After tiling, we merge the outer width and height axes into a single one using the fuse primitive, so we can parallelize it. It means that we will compute blocks in parallel. Within a block, we split the reduced axis, reorder the axes as we did in:numref:ch_matmul_cpu, and then vectorize the innermost axis using SIMD instructions, and unroll the second innermost axis using the unroll primitive, namely the inner reduction axis. tx, ty, tk = 32, 32, 4 # tile sizes def block(n): A, B, C = d2ltvm.matmul(n, n, n) s = te.create_schedule(C.op) # Tile by blocks, and then parallelize the computation of each block xo, yo, xi, yi = s[C].tile(*C.op.axis, tx, ty) xy = s[C].fuse(xo, yo) s[C].parallel(xy) # Optimize the computation of each block ko, ki = s[C].split(s[C].op.reduce_axis[0], factor=tk) s[C].reorder(ko, xi, ki, yi) s[C].vectorize(yi) s[C].unroll(ki) return s, (A, B, C) s, (A, B, C) = block(64) print(tvm.lower(s, [A, B, C], simple_mode=True)) produce C { parallel (x.outer.y.outer.fused, 0, 4) { for (x.inner.init, 0, 32) { C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner.init*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] = x32(0f) } for (k.outer, 0, 16) { for (x.inner, 0, 32) { C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] = (C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[(((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (k.outer*4))])*B[ramp(((k.outer*256) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)])) C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] = (C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (k.outer*4)) + 1)])*B[ramp((((k.outer*256) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)) + 64), 1, 32)])) C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] = (C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (k.outer*4)) + 2)])*B[ramp((((k.outer*256) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)) + 128), 1, 32)])) C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] = (C[ramp((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*2048) + (x.inner*64)) + (k.outer*4)) + 3)])*B[ramp((((k.outer*256) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 2)*32)) + 192), 1, 32)])) } } } } From the generated C-like codes, we can see that parallel is placed on the x.outer, i.e. xo, axis. The vectorization translated the axis yi, whose length is 32, into ramp with a stride 1 and width 32. Besides, the axis ki is also unrolled into 4 sequential operations to reduce the cost of the for-loop. blocked_gflops = d2ltvm.bench_matmul_tvm(block, sizes, target) d2ltvm.plot_gflops(sizes, [np_gflops, blocked_gflops], ['numpy', 'block']) The benchmark results show that our program is as good as NumPy for small matrices, but still doesn’t do well for large ones. One major reason is because both read and write of these submatrices are not continuous after tiling. 6.2. Write Cache¶ The non-continuous write issue is severer than the non-continuous read. This is because we read once of each submatrix of A and B, but need to write by n times for the submatrix of C. In the following code block, we first write the results into a local buffer for each submatrix computation, and then write them back to C. It can be done by the cache_write method. We specify the buffer being used for each block by placing it within the yo axis using the compute_at primitive. The rest optimization is the same as before, but note that we need to use s[Cached] instead of s[C] to optimize the submatrix computation. def cached_block(n): A, B, C = d2ltvm.matmul(n, n, n) s = te.create_schedule(C.op) # Create a write cache for C CachedC = s.cache_write(C, 'local') # Same as before, first tile by blocks, and then parallelize the # computation of each block xo, yo, xi, yi = s[C].tile(*C.op.axis, tx, ty) xy = s[C].fuse(xo, yo) s[C].parallel(xy) # Use the write cache for the output of the xy axis, namely a block. s[CachedC].compute_at(s[C], xy) # Same as before to optimize the computation of a block . xc, yc = s[CachedC].op.axis ko, ki = s[CachedC].split(CachedC.op.reduce_axis[0], factor=tk) s[CachedC].reorder(ko, xc, ki, yc) s[CachedC].unroll(ki) s[CachedC].vectorize(yc) return s, (A, B, C) s, (A, B, C) = cached_block(512) print(tvm.lower(s, [A, B, C], simple_mode=True)) produce C { parallel (x.outer.y.outer.fused, 0, 256) { // attr [C.local] storage_scope = "local" allocate C.local[float32 * 1024] produce C.local { for (x.c.init, 0, 32) { C.local[ramp((x.c.init*32), 1, 32)] = x32(0f) } for (k.outer, 0, 128) { for (x.c, 0, 32) { C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] = (C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[(((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*16384) + (x.c*512)) + (k.outer*4))])*B[ramp(((k.outer*2048) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*32)), 1, 32)])) C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] = (C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*16384) + (x.c*512)) + (k.outer*4)) + 1)])*B[ramp((((k.outer*2048) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*32)) + 512), 1, 32)])) C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] = (C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*16384) + (x.c*512)) + (k.outer*4)) + 2)])*B[ramp((((k.outer*2048) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*32)) + 1024), 1, 32)])) C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] = (C.local[ramp((x.c*32), 1, 32)] + (x32(A[((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*16384) + (x.c*512)) + (k.outer*4)) + 3)])*B[ramp((((k.outer*2048) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*32)) + 1536), 1, 32)])) } } } for (x.inner, 0, 32) { for (y.inner, 0, 32) { C[((((floordiv(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*16384) + (x.inner*512)) + (floormod(x.outer.y.outer.fused, 16)*32)) + y.inner)] = C.local[((x.inner*32) + y.inner)] } } } } Note from the generated pseudo codes that we initialize C.local within the yo axis, and the size of C.local is tx * ty = 1024. cached_gflops = d2ltvm.bench_matmul_tvm(cached_block, sizes, target) d2ltvm.plot_gflops(sizes, [np_gflops, blocked_gflops, cached_gflops], ['numpy', 'block', '+cache']) We can see the the write cache improves the performance for matrix multiplication on large sizes. 6.3. Summary¶ • Blocked tiling improves cache efficiency for matrix multiplication. • Data to be frequently read and written should be placed in a buffer explicitly to reduce cache misses. 6.4. Exercises¶ 1. Try different hyperparameters for tx, ty and tx. 2. Try different axis orders. 3. Benchmark on larger matrices, observe if there is still performance gap between NumPy. If so, try to explain the reason. 4. Evaluate the correctness of the computed results.

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# Homework 3 E6690: Statistical Learning for Bio & Info Systems solution \$30.00 Original Work ? ## Description P1. Suppose we collect data for a group of students in a statistics class with variables X1 (hours studied), X2 (undergrad GPA), and Y (receive an A). We fit a logistic regression and produce estimated coefficient, βˆ 0 = −6, βˆ 1 = 0.05, βˆ 2 = 1. (a) (5pt) Estimate the probability that a student who studies for 40 hours and has an undergrad GPA of 3.5 gets an A in the class. (b) (5pt) How many hours would the student in part (a) need to study to have a 50% chance of getting an A in the class? P2. (10pt) Suppose that we wish to predict whether a given stock will issue a dividend this year (”Yes” or ”No”) based on X, last year’s percent profit. We examine a large number of companies and discover that the mean value of X for companies that issued a dividend was X¯ = 10, while the mean for those that didn’t was X¯ = 0. In addition, the variance of X for these two sets of companies was σˆ 2 = 36. Finally, 80% of companies issued dividends. Assuming that X follows a normal distribution, predict the probability that a company will issue a dividend this year given that its percentage profit was X = 4 last year. Hint: Use Bayes’ theorem. P3. (20pt) Consider X = [0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0]> as the independent variable and y = [false false false true false true] > as the response. Write down the log-likelihood function, l(β0, β1), for the logistic regression problem and first order optimality conditions. Note that this problem of finding optimal (β0, β1) can only be solved numerically. Use NewtonRaphson algorithm from Section 4.4.1, pp. 120-121, [ESL] book and perform 10 iterations. Hint: Use library(matlib) for calculating matrix inverses. P4. (20pt) Let X ∼ N (0, Σ). Find the distribution of Y = AX. For the bivariate case with Σ =  σ 2 1 ρσ1σ2 ρσ1σ2 σ 2 2  , find a 2 × 2 A such that cov(Y ) is an identity matrix. Hint: Consider eigen-decomposition. P5. (20pt) Consider K different populations when the mean of each population may be different, but one may assume that the variance of each population is the same (σ 2 ). Let µˆk = 1 nk X i: yi=k xi and σˆ 2 k = 1 nk − 1 X i: yi=k (xi − µˆk) 2 , nk is the sample size of population k and the pair (xi , yi) corresponds to the ith observation; yi ∈ {1, . . . , K}. For α1, . . . , αK, such that PK i=1 αi = 1, define an unbiased pooled variance estimator: σˆ 2 = X K k=1 αkσˆ 2 k . 1 If n = PK k=1 nk, show that αk = (nk−1)/(n−K) minimizes the variance of σˆ 2 under the Gaussian assumption. P6. (10pt) Suppose we produce ten bootstrapped samples from a data set containing red and green classes. We then apply a classification tree to each bootstrapped sample and, for a specific value of X, produce 10 estimates of P[Class is Red|X]: 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.2, 0.55, 0.6, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, and 0.75. There are two common ways to combine these results together into a single class prediction. One is the majority vote approach. The second approach is to classify based on the average probability. In this problem, what is the final classification under each of these two approaches? P7. This problem involves OJ data set which is part of the ISLR package. (a) (2pt) First run set.seed(1000), and then create a training set containing a random sample of 800 observations, and a test set containing the remaining observations. (b) (2pt) Fit a tree to the training data, with Purchase as the response and the other variables as predictors. Use the summary() function to produce summary statistics about the tree, and describe the results obtained. What is the training error rate? How many terminal nodes does the tree have? (c) (3pt) Type in the name of the tree object in order to get a detailed text output. Pick one of the terminal nodes, and interpret the information displayed. (d) (2pt) Create a plot of the tree, and interpret the results. (e) (3pt) Predict the response on the test data, and produce a confusion matrix comparing the test labels to the predicted test labels. What is the test error rate? (f) (2pt) Apply the cv.tree() function to the training set in order to determine the optimal tree size. (g) (3pt) Produce a plot with tree size on the x-axis and cross-validated classification error rate on the y-axis. (h) (1pt) Which tree size corresponds to the lowest cross-validated classification error rate? (i) (3pt) Produce a pruned tree corresponding to the optimal tree size obtained using cross-validation. If cross-validation does not lead to selection of a pruned tree, then create a pruned tree with five terminal nodes. (j) (2pt) Compare the training error rate between the pruned and unpruned tree. Which is higher? (k) (2pt) Compare the test error rates between the pruned and unpruned trees. Which is higher? 2

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# How to use IF statements for matrices correctly? 32 views (last 30 days) Christian Reinicke on 8 Feb 2017 Edited: Jan on 8 Feb 2017 I am trying to use an if statement to check if a specific matrix is a zero matrix. For the first 3 examples an if statement works correctly. However, in example for the if statement considers the statement to be true even though it is obviously wrong. What is going wrong here? Thanks for any help in advance! Chris Example 1 if [1,1;1,1] ~= zeros(2) disp('hello') end >>hello Example 2 if [1,1;1,1] == zeros(2) disp('hello') end >> Example 3 if eye(2) == zeros(2) disp('hello') end >> Example 4 if eye(2) == zeros(2) disp('hello') end >>hello Jan on 8 Feb 2017 There is no difference between the 3rd and 4th example. Alexandra Harkai on 8 Feb 2017 What MATLAB version are you using? Are you sure Example 4 gives a different result than Example 3? This works 'properly', as in not displaying 'hello', as per the rules of if ("An expression is true when its result is nonempty and contains only nonzero elements (logical or real numeric). Otherwise, the expression is false."): if eye(2)==zeros(2), disp('hello'), end You could utilise the isqeual function to do the same: if isequal(eye(2), zeros(2)), disp('hello'), end Stephen23 on 8 Feb 2017 +1 for isequal Jan on 8 Feb 2017 Edited: Jan on 8 Feb 2017 In your case, [1,1;1,1] == zeros(2) creates a 2x2 logical array. If the argument of an IF command is an array, Matlab converts it as this automatically to: if all(Condition(:)) && ~isempty(Condition) If you want to check for a "zero-matrix", prefer to do this explicitly: if all(M(:)) && ismatrix(M) This is easier to understand than using the automagic convertion. Although if isequal(X, zeros(2,2)) is valid, this wastes time by creating the temporary zero matrix. If you want to check, if all elements are zeros, prefer only to check if all elements are zeros. :-) ### Categories Find more on Gamma Distribution in Help Center and File Exchange ### Community Treasure Hunt Find the treasures in MATLAB Central and discover how the community can help you! Start Hunting! Translated by

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Page 1 of 1 ### unbiased iterative function Posted: Wed Sep 21, 2011 11:22 pm UTC I have a list of 50 random numbers generated from an even distribution. I want to generate another from the same distribution, replace the oldest number with it, and then repeat. How do I keep the range of values from converging to 0? My current method is to find the average distance from the average value and pick a random number from double that range but that ends up at zero. ### Re: unbiased iterative function Posted: Wed Sep 21, 2011 11:55 pm UTC Well experimentally it appears that the expected mean absolute deviation for 50 data points is near 0.24663 times the range of the uniform distribution, whereas you want it at exactly 1/4 to maintain the same distribution for your next point. So I guess one option is to calculate this value exactly, and then scale appropriately. Alternatively, you could use sample variance instead, which is unbiased.

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### Metric Length Conversion Math Center This 21 problem metric length conversion puzzle is ideal for engaging math center work. The problems are all conversions between millimeters, centimeters, meters and kilometers. ### Measurement Measurement unit for measuring centimeters, inches, yards, and meters. This item is part of a grade math bundle! Check it out for a discount:** Check out the bundle! ### Metric Measurement Bingo (30 pre-made cards!) Save your time writing out bingo boards. This document contains 30 pre-made bingo boards to make an engaging, fun activity out of practicing conversion of metric units of measurement (millimeters, meters, and kilometers). The game contains 36 conversions between millimeters, meters, and kilometers. ### Length Conversions Scoot Activity/Task Cards (Metric System) Length Conversions Scoot Activity/Task Cards (Metric System) Scoot, scoot, scoot! Don't your kids just love to scoot!! This Length Conversions Scoot Activity gives 4th and 5th graders a fantastic opportunity to move around while learning. This will really help your students who NEED to move. In this scoot activity, students will convert units of measurement in the Metric System (for example, from millimeters to centimeters or meters to kilometers, etc ... ### Metric Measurement Conversions: Metric Conversions Games {4.MD.1} Metric Conversions Bump Games contains 9 different games to help students… ### Metric Posters Metric Posters These are a set of seven posters (kilometer hectometer dekameter meters decimeter centimeter and millimeter) - one set in color the other in black and white. click on image to go to freebie click on image to go to freebie Print laminate and hang. These are a great reference for your students when they are tackling metric conversions. I have also used them during whole group instruction - I pass out all seven posters and then have the seven students get themselves in the… Pinterest

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# Calculating Tips KS3Level 1-3Level 4-5AQACambridge iGCSEEdexcelEdexcel iGCSEOCRWJEC ## Calculating Tips This page explains some of the basic skills involved in using a scientific calculator. Familiarising yourself with these 7 skills will help you simplify some difficult calculations. ## Note: We will be referring to specific buttons that appear on common models of scientific calculators, but your scientific calculator may have slightly different buttons depending on the manufacturer and model. However, most scientific calculators have very similar features, so some of these skills should still apply. ## Skill 1: Converting Answers between Forms Your scientific calculator will always display answers in exact form, so it will often display an answer as a fraction or a root instead of a decimal. The $\color{black}{\text{S}\Leftrightarrow\text{D}}$ button allows you to convert your answers between the different forms. In the example on the right, we entered the calculation $\color{black}{1\div2=}$ The calculator displays the answer as $\color{black}{\dfrac{1}{2}}$, so we need to use the $\color{black}{\text{S}\Leftrightarrow\text{D}}$ button to display the decimal equivalent, which is $\color{black}{0.5}$ The $\color{black}{\text{S}\Leftrightarrow\text{D}}$ button is extremely useful –  make sure you are comfortable using this feature by experimenting with different fractions. Level 1-3KS3AQAEdexcelOCRWJECCambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE @mmerevise ## Skill 2: Squared Numbers and Square Roots You will encounter square numbers and square roots throughout KS3 maths. We can perform calculations involving powers and roots using a scientific calculator. To square a number (i.e. a number multiplied by itself), we can use the $\color{black}x^2$ button. This will insert a superscript $\color{black}^2$ directly after the number that appears in the display. Pressing $\color{black}=$ will perform the ‘square’ operation. To square root a number, we can use the $\color{black}{\sqrt{\square}}$ button. Pressing the button allows you to type a number underneath the square root symbol. Pressing $\color{black}=$ will perform the ‘square root’ operation on the number you type in. In the example on the right, we perform two calculations: 1. First, we perform the calculation $\color{black}2^2=$ which gives an answer of $\color{black}4$ 2. Next, we perform the calculation $\color{black}{\sqrt{25} = }$ which gives an answer of $\color{black}5$ Level 1-3KS3AQAEdexcelOCRWJECCambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE ## Skill 3: Cubed Numbers and Cube Roots Cube numbers are similar to square numbers, except to cube a number we multiply it by itself and then by itself again. Cube roots do the reverse process and tell us what number must be cubed to give us the number we entered. Cubing numbers and finding the cube root of a number are very similar to square numbers and square roots: To cube a number, we use the $\color{black}{x^3}$ button. This will insert a superscript $\color{black}{^3}$ directly after the number that appears in the display. Pressing $\color{black}=$ will perform the ‘cube’ operation. To cube root a number, we can use the $\color{black}{\sqrt[3]{\square}}$ button. On our calculator, this can be accessed by activating the SHIFT key, then pressing the square root symbol ($\color{black}{\sqrt{\square}}$). Pressing the button allows you to type a number underneath the cube root symbol. Pressing $\color{black}=$ will perform the ‘cube root’ operation on the number you type in. In the example on the right, we perform two calculations: 1. First, we perform the calculation $\color{black}{3^3=}$ which gives an answer of $\color{black}27$ 2. Next, we perform the calculation $\color{black}{\sqrt[3]{64} =}$ which gives an answer of $\color{black}4$ Level 1-3KS3AQAEdexcelOCRWJECCambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE ## Note: You can use the $\color{black}{x^{\square}}$ and $\color{black}{\sqrt[\blacksquare]{\square}}$ buttons to manually enter a power or a root other than a square-root or a cube-root. However, you are unlikely to see these at KS3. ## Skill 4: Brackets and Fractions We can perform calculations involving brackets on a scientific calculator. The calculator will follow the rules of BIDMAS, so it will calculate anything inside the brackets first. This makes performing long sums quite simple. There are two bracket keys, which look like $\color{black}($ and $\color{black})$. We can also input fractions directly into the calculator using the $\color{black}{\dfrac{\blacksquare}{\square}}$ button. You can navigate between the top and bottom of the fraction using the up and down arrow keys. The left and right arrow keys can be used to navigate through the display to enter the rest of your calculation. In the example on the right, we perform the calculation $\color{black}{\bigg(\dfrac{1}{2} + 1 \bigg) \times 4 =}$ which gives an answer of $\color{black}6$. Level 1-3KS3AQAEdexcelOCRWJECCambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE ## Skill 5: Using the ‘Ans’ Button 1.  Enter an operation, such as $\color{black}\times$ or $\color{black}+$ straight after pressing $\color{black}=$ • This will automatically begin a new calculation beginning with the previous answer 2.  Using the $\color{black}{\text{Ans}}$ button • This will allow you to enter the stored value at any point in a calculation In the example on the right, we perform the calculation $\color{black}{5\times2=}$ which gives an answer of $\color{black}10$. We then enter the calculation $\color{black}{3\text{Ans}}$, using the stored value of $\color{black}{10}$, giving us $\color{black}{3\times10=30}$. Using the $\color{black}{\text{Ans}}$ key is particularly useful when you have a long calculation, or when you need to substitute your answer into a formula. Level 1-3KS3AQAEdexcelOCRWJECCambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE ## Skill 6: Storing Values in the Calculator One of less well-known but very useful features of a scientific calculator is the ability to store multiple answers. You can then recall these answers at any time – most models will even keep the stored values after the calculator is switched off! On our calculator on the right, after pressing $\color{black}=$ we use the $\color{black}{\text{STO}}$ button, then press one of the keys with a small letter above (e.g. A). This will store the answer in the calculator, which can then be accessed using the ALPHA key and then pressing the key with the stored value. In the example on the right, we stored an answer of $\color{black}{5}$ as A and an answer of $\color{black}{10}$ as B. We then perform the calculation A $\color{black}\times$ B$\, \color{black}=$ which gives us $\color{black}{5\times10=50}$ You may need to practice this skill several times to get the hang of it but it is incredibly useful, especially when you have values that you don’t want to round until the end of your calculations. Note that your calculator may have a slightly different process for storing values, but it will probably be similar to ours. Level 1-3KS3AQAEdexcelOCRWJECCambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE ## Skill 7: Standard Form When we are dealing with very large or very small numbers, we often use standard form. As a quick reminder, standard form looks like: $\color{red}{A}\color{black}{\times10}\color{green}{^n}$ Where $\color{red}A$ is a number between $1$ and $10$ and $\color{green}{n}$ is the number of places the decimal point moves. You could enter a number in standard form manually by individually typing out the expression using the $\color{black}{x^{\square}}$ key, but this is tedious and you could make a mistake. Luckily, there is an easy way to enter standard form on a calculator, using the $\color{black}\times10^x$ button, which does all the fiddly stuff for us so we only have to enter the value of $\color{green}{n}$. In the example on the right, we perform the calculation $\color{black}{\dfrac{1.23\times10^{13}}{2\times10^{-3}}=}$ This gives us an answer of $\color{black}{6.15\times10^{15}}$ Note that you only have to input the value of $\color{green}{n}$ after pressing the $\color{black}\times10^x$ button (you don’t need to try to raise $10$ to the power of $n$ as all this is done for you). Level 4-5KS3AQAEdexcelOCRWJECCambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

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App 排行榜 # Animal School 1st Grade Games ### 应用说明 Join math-explorer Emma in an all new adventure as she helps her animal friends complete over 100 first grade math games and find their way across the African wild! Playable by kids of all ages with lots of positive encouragement, professional narration and catchy music. Cute characters include giraffes, meerkats, lions, hippos, zebras, warthogs, cheetahs and rhinos! Designed by parents and teachers, this app adheres to Common Core Standards for first grade math. RELATES COUNTING TO MATH • Counting by 2s, 5s and 10s • Number sequences & patterns • Greater than, less than, equal to • Even & odd ALGEBRAIC THINKING • Find the missing sign • Understanding the equal sign • Determine the unknown number • Understanding place value • Number sentences • Objects, word problems, equations • True or false • Fluently add and subtract within 20 • Items, numbers and instructions are professionally narrated • Players are rewarded with positive encouragement • Parental controls: Turn off sounds, music, purchases and links to our other apps • We do not collect personal information from our users. COMMON CORE STANDARDS • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.MD.C.4 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.G.A.1 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.C.5 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.B.2.A • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.B.2.C • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.D.7 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.B.3 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.A.1 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.C.5 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.C.6 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.A.2 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.D.8 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.A.1 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.C.5 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.C.6 • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.D.8 Eggroll Games builds interactive toys that promote learning and engage children through colorful interactivity without confusing buttons or menus.

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# Does the category of pro-sets have a generator? Consider for simplicity the category of pointed sets $Set_*$. Let's call an object $G$ of a pointed category $C$ a generator if for every nonzero object $X \in C$ there is a nonzero map $G \to X$. In the category of pointed sets, for example, the two-point set is a generator (and a cogenerator as well). Does the category $Pro-Set_*$ of cofiltered diagrams of pointed sets have a generator as well? If $X$ is a pro-pointed set with nontrivial limit then there is a nontrivial map $G \to X$, where $G$ is a generator of pointed sets, considered as a one-object diagram. However, there are many pro-sets with trivial limit. For example, the pro-set $X\colon \mathbb N \to Set$ given by $X(i) = \mathbb N$ and $X(i+1 \to i)(n) = n+1$ is a pro-set with empty limit, but which is nontrivial -- add a point in every degree to get an example in pointed sets. Thus, my question is: Does the category of pro-pointed sets have a generator? And, if the answer was yes, does more generally $Pro-C$ have a generator whenever $C$ has one? • No, I think. Look at your $X$ a little differently: $X(i)$ is the set of all $n>i$ and the maps $X(j)\to X(i)$ are inclusions. You can make something similar for other directed sets than $mathbb N$, in particular for other ordinals. It seems to me that, just as $X$ with basepoint added has no nontrivial map from a constant diagram, a similar thing based on an uncountable ordinal with have no nontrivial map from anything with countable index set. And so on. – Tom Goodwillie Jul 28 '10 at 16:32

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Search a number 108032 = 29211 BaseRepresentation bin11010011000000000 312111012012 4122120000 511424112 62152052 7626651 oct323000 9174165 10108032 1174191 1252628 133a232 142b528 1522022 hex1a600 108032 has 20 divisors (see below), whose sum is σ = 216876. Its totient is φ = 53760. The previous prime is 108023. The next prime is 108037. The reversal of 108032 is 230801. Adding to 108032 its reverse (230801), we get a palindrome (338833). 108032 is nontrivially palindromic in base 15. It is a junction number, because it is equal to n+sod(n) for n = 107998 and 108016. It is a congruent number. It is not an unprimeable number, because it can be changed into a prime (108037) by changing a digit. It is a pernicious number, because its binary representation contains a prime number (5) of ones. It is a polite number, since it can be written as a sum of consecutive naturals, namely, 407 + ... + 617. 2108032 is an apocalyptic number. It is an amenable number. It is a practical number, because each smaller number is the sum of distinct divisors of 108032, and also a Zumkeller number, because its divisors can be partitioned in two sets with the same sum (108438). 108032 is an abundant number, since it is smaller than the sum of its proper divisors (108844). It is a pseudoperfect number, because it is the sum of a subset of its proper divisors. 108032 is an frugal number, since it uses more digits than its factorization. 108032 is an odious number, because the sum of its binary digits is odd. The sum of its prime factors is 229 (or 213 counting only the distinct ones). The product of its (nonzero) digits is 48, while the sum is 14. The square root of 108032 is about 328.6822173468. The cubic root of 108032 is about 47.6267345051. The spelling of 108032 in words is "one hundred eight thousand, thirty-two".

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# F07Adding Taxes and Imports - 1 ECONOMICS 304L FALL 2007... This preview shows pages 1–3. Sign up to view the full content. ECONOMICS 304L FALL 2007 DR. WOLITZ Adding Taxes and Imports to Macroeconomic Model 1) Oversimplified Model We have been working with the following oversimplified model: Taxes = 0 Transfers = 0 So Y = real GDP = Yd Yd = Disposable Income C = a + bYd C = a + bYd is the same as C = a + bY when Y= Yd I = Io = some constant G= Go = some constant (Ex - Im) = (Ex - Im)o = NEo = some constant Please Note: The subscript o signifies a value in the initial period (say I = Io) Io, Go and NEo all represent the values of I, G and NE in some initial period. They are all constants (that is some number, like 100, not a function of Y (like C = a + bY) Also Please Note that throughout this handout MPC = b and are used interchangeably Aggregate Expenditures = AE = C + I + G + NE eq Y = AE = C + I + G + NE eq Y = a + bY + I + G + NE b = MPC = the slope of AE a, I , G, and NE are all constants 2) Adding a Flat Tax Now drop the assumption that Taxes = 0 and Transfers = 0 This means that Y no longer equals Yd. Rather, Yd = (Y - T) where T = Net Taxes = Taxes - Transfers We can write a Net Tax function: T = To + t Y 1 This preview has intentionally blurred sections. Sign up to view the full version. View Full Document To = a flat tax or a fixed tax or a constant tax, ie. a tax independent of Y .( for example, T= 100) t = an income tax where t = tax rate . For example, if the income tax rate were 10%, t = .10. First, let us add only a flat tax to our model. This is a tax that enters as a constant , independent of Y. Assume t = 0, or that there is no income tax. The addition of a flat tax creates a gap between Y and Yd. Yd = Y - T or Yd + T = Y The addition of a flat tax to our model will shift the Consumption function horizontally by the amount of the tax and vertically by -MPC times the tax. Remember that C is expressed in terms of Yd, so C = a + bYd . becomes C = a + b(Y-T ). A change in a flat tax will shift C by -MPC times the change in the tax . Put another way, an increase in a flat tax will shift C down . A decrease in a flat tax will shift C up . The amount C will change is given by the MPC times the change in the tax. C moves in the opposite direction of the tax, hence the minus sign. For example, suppose that the This is the end of the preview. Sign up to access the rest of the document. ## F07Adding Taxes and Imports - 1 ECONOMICS 304L FALL 2007... This preview shows document pages 1 - 3. Sign up to view the full document. View Full Document Ask a homework question - tutors are online

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Re: Map-like behaviour for functions of more than a single argument? • To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net • Subject: [mg64539] Re: Map-like behaviour for functions of more than a single argument? • From: Bill Rowe <readnewsciv at earthlink.net> • Date: Mon, 20 Feb 2006 22:31:18 -0500 (EST) • Sender: owner-wri-mathgroup at wolfram.com ```On 2/20/06 at 6:29 AM, anonmous69 at netscape.net (Matt) wrote: >I was wondering if there's a way to achieve the functionality of Map, >but with functions of more than one argument? Yes, several different ways. >An example of how I'm 'working around' my perceived limitation of >Map functionality: >Clear[f, g]; f[z_, func_] := Module[{result}, result = >func[Complex[Sequence @@ z]]; >{Re[result], Im[result]}]; g[z_] := f[z, #1^2 & ]; >Which, using 'g', I can use Map on a list of ordered pairs: >g /@ {{x,y}, {x,y}, {x,y}, {x,y}, etc.} The same output can be obtained with MapThread as follows: MapThread[Complex[Sequence@##]^2&, Transpose[data]] where data = {{x,y}, {x,y}, {x,y}, {x,y}, etc.} Note, this could also be done as: MapThread[Complex[#1,#2]^2&, Transpose[data]] which I think is a bit more clear as to what is being done. But the most compact way I know to get the same result would be: (Complex@@@data)^2 Written less compactly, this last is Apply[Complex, data, {1}]^2 And using this method, I could use Sin as follows: Sin[Complex@@@data] -- To reply via email subtract one hundred and four ``` • Prev by Date: Re: Re: Not Using a Text Editor Interface for Mathematica • Next by Date: Re: Re: Re: Not Using a Text Editor Interface for Mathematica • Previous by thread: Re: Map-like behaviour for functions of more than a single argument? • Next by thread: Re: Map-like behaviour for functions of more than a single argument?

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Switch to: Eastern American Natural Gas Trust (NYSE:NGT) Days Inventory 0.00 (As of Mar. 2013) Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's inventory for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 was \$0.00 Mil. Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's cost of goods sold for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 was \$0.14 Mil. Hence, Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's days inventory for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 was 0.00. Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's days inventory stayed the same from Mar. 2012 (0.00) to Mar. 2013 (0.00). Inventory can be measured by Days Sales of Inventory (DSI). Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's days sales of inventory (DSI) for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 was 0.00. Inventory turnover measures how fast the company turns over its inventory within a year. Inventory to revenue ratio determines the ability of a company to manage their inventory levels. It measures the percentage of Inventories the company currently has on hand to support the current amount of Revenue. Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's inventory to revenue ratio for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 was 0.00. Definition Days Inventory indicates the number of days of goods in sales that a company has in the inventory. Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's Days Inventory for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2012 is calculated as Days Inventory = Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold * Days in Period = 0 / 0.893 * 365 = 0.00 Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's Days Inventory for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2013 is calculated as: Days Inventory = Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold * Days in Period = 0 / 0.135 * 91 = 0.00 * All numbers are in millions except for per share data and ratio. All numbers are in their own currency. Explanation An increase of Days Inventory may indicate the company's sales slowed. 1. Inventory can be measured by Days Sales of Inventory (DSI). Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's Days Sales of Inventory for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 is calculated as Days Sales of Inventory (DSI) = Inventory / Revenue * Days in Period = 0 / 0.819 * 91 = 0.00 2. Inventory Turnover measures how fast the company turns over its inventory within a year. Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's Inventory Turnover for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 is calculated as Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory = 0.135 / 0 = 3. Inventory to Revenue determines the ability of a company to manage their inventory levels. It measures the percentage of Inventories the company currently has on hand to support the current amount of Revenue. Eastern American Natural Gas Trust's Inventory to Revenue for the three months ended in Mar. 2013 is calculated as Inventory to Revenue = Inventory / Revenue = 0 / 0.819 = 0.00 * All numbers are in millions except for per share data and ratio. All numbers are in their own currency. Be Aware A lot of business are seasonable. It makes more sense to compare Days Inventory from the same period in the previous year instead of from the previous quarter. Related Terms Historical Data * All numbers are in millions except for per share data and ratio. All numbers are in their own currency. Eastern American Natural Gas Trust Annual Data Dec03 Dec04 Dec05 Dec06 Dec07 Dec08 Dec09 Dec10 Dec11 Dec12 DaysInventory 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Eastern American Natural Gas Trust Quarterly Data Dec10 Mar11 Jun11 Sep11 Dec11 Mar12 Jun12 Sep12 Dec12 Mar13 DaysInventory 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Get WordPress Plugins for easy affiliate links on Stock Tickers and Guru Names | Earn affiliate commissions by embedding GuruFocus Charts GuruFocus Affiliate Program: Earn up to \$400 per referral. ( Learn More)

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