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{ "paragraph": [ "Sulzbachtal\n", "Sulzbachtal is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "municipality of Germany", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q653143", "wikidata_label": "Sulzbachtal", "wikipedia_title": "Sulzbachtal" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Trippstadt\n", "Trippstadt is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "municipality of Germany", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q656103", "wikidata_label": "Trippstadt", "wikipedia_title": "Trippstadt" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Waldleiningen\n", "Waldleiningen is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "municipality of Germany", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q259635", "wikidata_label": "Waldleiningen", "wikipedia_title": "Waldleiningen" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Schopp\n", "Schopp is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany. Schopp station lies on the Biebermühl Railway.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The place was first mentioned in documents in 1345. In the Middle Ages Schopp, together with Waldfischbach, Geiselberg, Schmalenberg and Heltersberg, was under the cloister Hornbach. With the secularization of the monastery in 1557, the places came to the Electorate of Palatinate.\n", "From 1798 to 1814, when the Palatinate was part of the French Republic (until 1804) and then part of the Napoleonic Empire, Schopp was incorporated into the canton Waldfischbach in the department of Donnersberg and was under the \"Mairie\" Waldfischbach. In 1815, the place was first added to Austria. A year later, the community moved to the Kingdom of Bavaria and was there part of the Rhine Circle. From 1818 to 1862 the town was part of the Landkommissariat Pirmasens, which was subsequently converted into a district office.\n", "1939 Schopp was incorporated into the district of Pirmasens. After the Second World War, the community within the French occupation zone became part of the then newly formed state Rhineland-Palatinate. In the course of the first Rhineland-Palatinate administrative reform Schopp moved in 1969 in the district of Kaiserslautern. Three years later, the town was incorporated into the newly created collective municipality Kaiserslautern -South. \n", "Section::::Population.\n", "Section::::Population.:Population Growth.\n", "The development of the population of Schopp, the values from 1871 to 1987 are based on censuses:\n", "Section::::Population.:Religion.\n", "In 1828 the village had 186 Protestant and 19 Catholic inhabitants. At the end of 2014, 47.9 percent of the population was Protestant and 28.0 percent Catholic. The rest belonged to another religion or were non-denominational. The Catholics belong to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer, the Protestants to the Evangelical Church of the Palatinate.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "What Scoundrels Men Are!\n", "What Scoundrels Men Are! () is a 1932 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Camerini.\n", "The film was a great success, De Sica and Lia Franca became stars and the song \"Parlami d'amore Mariù\" was a hit. Rare in Italian film history, it was filmed on real Milan locations, nowadays it is a sort of documentary on what Milan was like in the 1930s. It was produced by Cines with film sets designed by the art director Gastone Medin. The film was remade in 1953 by Glauco Pellegrini.\n", "Section::::Cast.\n", "BULLET::::- Lia Franca as Mariuccia\n", "BULLET::::- Vittorio De Sica as Bruno\n", "BULLET::::- Cesare Zoppetti as Tadino\n", "BULLET::::- Aldo Moschino as Count Piazzi\n", "BULLET::::- Carola Lotti as Gina\n", "BULLET::::- Anna D'Adria as Letizia\n", "BULLET::::- Gemma Schirato as Widow\n", "BULLET::::- Maria Montesano as Candies woman\n", "BULLET::::- Tino Erler as Mario Castelli\n", "BULLET::::- María Denis\n", "BULLET::::- Didaco Chellini as The engineer\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Olsbrücken\n", "Olsbrücken is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany.\n", "Section::::Geographical.\n", "Olsbrücken is situated in the northern part of the district of Kaiserslautern. There it can be found in the valley of the small river Lauter which is surrounded by the hills of the Nordpfälzer Bergland.\n", "Section::::Geographical.:Neighbours.\n", "The boundary of the community which is sized as much as 2.78 sq mi borders on the north to the village of Kreimbach-Kaulbach, Wörsbach on the northeast, Schallodenbach on the east, Mehlbach on the southeast, Hirschhorn/Pfalz on the south and Sulzbachtal and Frankelbach on the west.\n", "Section::::Geographical.:Local geography.\n", "The roads inside the village are named in alphabetical order: Am Berg, Am Hanhgraben, Am Rutzenbach, Am Waldhof, Auf den Wingerten, Bachstraße, Bahnhofstraße, Bornweg, Dietenbachstraße, Hauptstraße, Hebelstraße,\n", "Hohlstraße, Im Holzgraben, Im Kirschgarten, Kirchweg, Schneidersäcker und Wörsbacher Straße. There is also a road named Am Habel, but it is actually only a pathway to one single private house. The train station of Olsbrücken is placed a few metres outside of the local boundaries, so the ground there belongs to the village of Frankelbach. Nevertheless, the stations name is Olsbrücken. The local subboundaries are very small parts. Regarding to the history of splitting farming ground into parts as a reason of heritage, one should not be surprised that over 100 different names can be found in ground maps. Not only a few of them are still in use in the common language of the inhabitants. E.g. people say that they go onto the Oberberg, if the walk to the hut of the Pfälzerwaldverein. And in fact the area there is named Oberberg in ground maps.\n", "In the past there were two mills shaping the impression of the village - the Neumühle in the north and the Oppensteiner Mühle in the south. The building of the Neumühle is still standing at the exit of the village\n", "towards Kreimbach-Kaulbach. Today it is out of order and used as a block of flats for rent. The Oppensteiner Mühle does not exist anymore. The last parts of the building were removed during a straightening of the B 270 at the end of the 1970s. Today there is a well called Oppensteiner Brunnen and some old stones next to the road the only thing that is left of that mill.\n", "The name \"Auf den Wingerten\" reminds that in past there must have been a vineyard inside the boundaries of the village. There are two forests as well inside the boundaries of Olsbrücken. The bigger of them is named Tierwald, the smaller Seiderswald. Inside the Tierwald the well of the Schlangenbrunnen can be found.\n", "Section::::Climate.\n", "The Palatinate has one of the mildest climates of Germany, as it is situated west of the river Rhine and influenced by maritime western winds. In the Westpfalz area the climate is cooler than at the Rhine valley, but it is still unusual to have longer periods of ice and snow in the winter time. The next weather station with a similar climate can be found at the city of Kaiserslautern.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The area around Olsbrücken was already settled in the times of the Roman Empire. A proof of that can still be found not far away at the neighbouring village of Kreimbach-Kaulbach, where there are the ruins of the Roman Heidenburg. If there has been a settlement within the boundaries of the village is not known. In the Middle Ages around the year 1250 there is a certificate available that speaks about a man called Ludovicus (Ludwig) who came from Alsbrücken. Afterwards the name changed to Holszbrücken and Olszbrücken.\n", "At the Thirty Years' War the palatinate suffered from severe and horrible destruction. A lot of villages were uninhabited at the end. In 1635, 15 km away from Olsbrücken at Kaiserslautern, that was occupied by Spanish troops that time, forces of mostly Croatic origin slaughtered at least 90% of the inhabitants. Most likely the Olsbrücken area was also affected from that battle and two settlements close to the village were destroyed and never rebuilt.\n", "After the war the area was populated by settlers from Wallonia, Switzerland, the Allgäu and other mostly Catholic areas. The reason was, that these people were from Protestant confession and they hoped to practice their religion without fearing punishment. At the end of the 18th century the western parts of the Kurpfalz was occupied by French forces and became a part of the French Empire for some years. French became than official language until 1815. The French government made administrative reforms and the Code civil became a legal law. Olsbrücken belonged to the Departement du Mont Tonnere and the administrative responsibility was delegated to the city of Otterberg. After 1815 the palatinate became a part of the Bavarian kingdom. But the Bavarians didn't rescind the French\n", "administrative changes. Otterberg was also in Bavarian times the administrative centre for Olsbrücken, where people hat to go to court, etc.\n", "During the 19th century a lot of people from Olsbrücken and the surrounding villages emigrated to the United States of America, because poverty was a part of their everyday life. The remarkable Protestant church was built in the late 19th century according to plans from the architect Ludwig Levy.\n", "After World War II Olsbrücken became a part of the new founded federal Land of Rheinland-Pfalz. Since then it still belonged to Bavaria. The village extended its populated area within development areas like Am Waldhof, Am Rutzenbach, Im Kirschgarten and lately Auf den Wingerten.\n", "Section::::Religion.\n", "In 2007 60.8% of the inhabitants believed in Protestant confession and 23.7% in Roman Catholic confession. The rest was of other beliefs or without a religious belief.\n", "Section::::Communal government.\n", "The local council consists of 16 members and is elected every five years. The mayor of the village is in honorary office.\n", "Mayors of the village\n", "1981–1989 Arthur Hesch (CDU)\n", "1989–2004 Gerhard Klein (SPD)\n", "2004–2008 Regina Hill (SPD)\n", "since 2008 Peter Hesch (CDU)\n", "Section::::Coat of arms.\n", "The official coat of arms of the village shows an eel and a bridge. It symbolizes the original meaning of the villages name Alsbrücken (Eel bridge).\n", "Section::::Traffic.\n", "The Lauter Valley Railway connects Olsbrücken with Lauterecken and Kaiserslautern. \n", "The main road is the B 270 which starts at Pirmasens and ends at Idar-Oberstein. The Autobahn A6 has an entry about 15 km away from the village at Kaiserslautern.\n", "Section::::Education.\n", "Olsbrücken has an elementary school and a public library.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Svea Engineer Corps\n", "The Svea Engineer Corps (), designation Ing 1, was a Swedish Army engineer unit that traced its origins back to the 19th century. It was disbanded in 1997. The unit was garrisoned in Uppland and Södermanland.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The unit has its origins in Sapper Company raised in 1855. The company was reorganised to a battalion-sized unit in 1864 and was renamed Sapper Corps. This unit was transformed to a pontoon bridge battalion, Pontoon Battalion, in 1867. The battalion then changed its name once again in 1893 to Svea Engineer Battalion, and in 1902 to Svea Engineer Corps, when it gained the designation Ing 1 (1st Engineer Regiment). That same year, the field telegraphy company that had been attached to the unit became independent and later formed Uppland Regiment.\n", "Svea Engineer Corps was upgraded to a regiment in 1957 and was renamed Svea Engineer Regiment. It was then downgraded to a battalion unit again in 1994, just three years before the unit was disbanded, in 1997. The regiment was garrisoned in Stockholm, Solna and Södertälje during its lifetime.\n", "Section::::Heraldry and traditions.\n", "Section::::Heraldry and traditions.:Coat of arms.\n", "The coat of the arms of the Svea Engineer Regiment (Ing 1) 1977–1994 and the Svea Engineer Corps (Ing 1) 1994–1997. Blazon: \"Azure, the Swedish minor coat-of-arms three open crowns placed two and one The shield surmounted a cluster of rays coming down from a mullet, or\".\n", "Section::::Heraldry and traditions.:Colours, standards and guidons.\n", "The colour of Ing 2 was presented on 26 September 1935 by His Majestyg the King Gustaf V at the 300th Anniversary of the \" (\"Royal Engineers\") in Stockholm. It was carried from 1 January 1998 by the Norrland Engineer Corps. When the colour was taken out of use, it was not handed over to the Swedish Army Museum but was exhibited at Ing 1's museum on Laxön. The colour couldn't therefore be admitted to the Swedish Army Museum collection until 2012.\n", "Section::::Heraldry and traditions.:Medals.\n", "In 1997, \" (\"Svea Engineer Corps (Ing 1) Commemorative Medal\") i silver (SveaingSMM) of the 8th size was established. The medal is oval and the medal ribbon is divided in black, yellow and black moiré.\n", "Section::::Commanding officers.\n", "Regimental commanders and battalion and corps commanders between 1900 and 1997.\n", "BULLET::::- 1900–1904: Nils Gustaf Stedt (also commander of the Field Telegraph Corps (Ing 3).\n", "BULLET::::- 1904–1910: Georg Juhlin-Dannfelt\n", "BULLET::::- 1910–1915: August Fredrik Thorssell\n", "BULLET::::- 1915–1915: Hjalmar Ertman Smitt\n", "BULLET::::- 1915–1920: Erik Conrad Eriksson\n", "BULLET::::- 1920–1924: Karl Amundson\n", "BULLET::::- 1924–1926: Sven Erik Bjurgren\n", "BULLET::::- 1926–1931: Gustaf Julius Rabe\n", "BULLET::::- 1931–1934: Sven Alin\n", "BULLET::::- 1934–1941: Sven Eberhard Tydén\n", "BULLET::::- 1941–1941: Gunnar Edward Ström\n", "BULLET::::- 1941–1948: Anders Walther Graûmann\n", "BULLET::::- 1948–1953: Wilhelm Gottlieb Dahlgren\n", "BULLET::::- 1953–1959: Axel Welin\n", "BULLET::::- 1959–1965: Nils Christian Rabe\n", "BULLET::::- 1965–1969: Åke Bernström\n", "BULLET::::- 1969–1975: Kåre Svanfeldt\n", "BULLET::::- 1975–1981: Anders Jonsson\n", "BULLET::::- 1981–1982: Bengt Gustafsson\n", "BULLET::::- 1982–1984: Sven-Erik Nilsson\n", "BULLET::::- 1984–1989: Lars-Åke Persson\n", "BULLET::::- 1989–1989: Carl Göran Gerhard De Geer\n", "BULLET::::- 1989–1990: Björn Falkenström (acting)\n", "BULLET::::- 1990–1994: Björn Falkenström\n", "BULLET::::- 1994–1997: Christer Wulff\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of Swedish engineer regiments\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7651803", "wikidata_label": "Svealand Engineer Regiment", "wikipedia_title": "Svea Engineer Corps" }

{ "end": [ 53, 59, 77, 90, 108, 341, 60, 156, 220, 549, 74, 157, 46, 48 ], "href": [ "rear-wheel%20drive", "coupe", "Japan", "automaker", "Mitsubishi%20Motors", "Mitsubishi%20Colt%20800%23Colt%201100F/11-F", "Mitsubishi%20Neptune%20engine", "Mitsubishi%20Saturn%20engine", "engine%20tuning", "Mitsubishi%20Lancer%23Celeste", "Mitsubishi%20Galant%23First%20generation", "Mitsubishi%20FTO", "https%3A//web.archive.org/web/20070916015732/http%3A//www.mitsubishi-motors.co.za/featuresites/mm_history/1970-1979.asp", "https%3A//web.archive.org/web/20071013151243/http%3A//histomobile.com/dvd_histomobile/histomo/59/5198.asp" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 ], "start": [ 37, 54, 72, 81, 91, 308, 46, 143, 207, 535, 57, 143, 12, 12 ], "text": [ "rear-wheel drive", "coupe", "Japan", "automaker", "Mitsubishi Motors", "Mitsubishi Colt 11-F Super Sports", "4G41 \"Neptune\"", "4G32 \"Saturn\"", "state of tune", "Lancer Celeste", "Mitsubishi Galant", "Mitsubishi FTO", "Mitsubishi Motors history, 1971–80", "Mitsubishi Galant FTO specifications" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }

{ "paragraph": [ "Mitsubishi Galant FTO\n", "The Mitsubishi Galant Coupé FTO is a rear-wheel drive coupe produced by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors from November 1971 to March 1975. \"FTO\" was meant to stand for \"Fresco Turismo Omologato\", in a fine example of Japanese Italian. The compact Coupé FTO can be seen as the replacement for the earlier Mitsubishi Colt 11-F Super Sports.\n", "The FTO was first introduced with a 1,378 cc \"4G41 \"Neptune\"\" engine, until it was replaced in a February 1973 redesign by a pair of 1,597 cc \"4G32 \"Saturn\"\" powerplants, offering either or depending on the state of tune. There was also a 1,439 cc Saturn engine, offering . In October 1973 there was a minor facelift, and the lineup was restricted to four versions as the EL, GS, and four-speed SL versions were cancelled. Production gradually came to an end in August 1975, after the introduction in March that year of the more staid Lancer Celeste.\n", "The FTO was based on the chassis of the first generation Mitsubishi Galant, shortened by for extra agility and lightness. It carried the chassis codes A61 (Neptune 1.4), A62 (Saturn 1.4), and A63 (Saturn 1.6). 1600 GSRs built before October 1974 (when safety standards were changed) received black plastic wheelarch extensions to accommodate a wider track, resulting in an even more aggressive look. The GSR also featured a standard limited slip differential.\n", "The FTO name was again resurrected twenty years after production of the original had ceased, when the company introduced the front-wheel drive Mitsubishi FTO in 1994.\n", "Section::::Data.\n", "Primary data sources for each model are given in the first row. Data sourced elsewhere is referenced in each individual cell where it is used.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Mitsubishi Motors history, 1971–80, Mitsubishi Motors South Africa website\n", "BULLET::::- Mitsubishi Galant FTO specifications, Histomobile\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q4387709", "wikidata_label": "Mitsubishi Galant FTO", "wikipedia_title": "Mitsubishi Galant FTO" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Juuru Parish\n", "Juuru Parish () was an Estonian municipality located in Rapla County. It had a population of 1627 (as of 31 March 2006) and an area of 152,4 km². \n", "Section::::Settlements.\n", "There was 1 small borough (Juuru, with 597 inhabitants) and 14 villages: Atla, Härgla, Helda, Hõreda, Jaluse, Järlepa, Kalda, Lõiuse, Mahtra, Maidla, Orguse, Pirgu, Sadala and Vankse.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Juuru vald" ] }, "description": "municipality of Estonia", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1020154", "wikidata_label": "Juuru Rural Municipality", "wikipedia_title": "Juuru Parish" }

{ "end": [ 42, 134, 37, 45, 55, 49, 20 ], "href": [ "railway", "Rede%20Ferrovi%C3%A1ria%20Nacional", "Comboios%20de%20Portugal", "List%20of%20railway%20lines%20in%20Portugal", "List%20of%20Portuguese%20locomotives%20and%20railcars", "History%20of%20rail%20transport%20in%20Portugal", "https%3A//web.archive.org/web/20090408025305/http%3A//www.cp.pt/StaticFiles/Imagens/PDF/Passageiros/horarios/regionais_2007/lisboa_fig_da_foz.pdf" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9 ], "start": [ 35, 107, 35, 12, 12, 12, 12 ], "text": [ "railway", "Infraestruturas de Portugal", "CP", "List of railway lines in Portugal", "List of Portuguese locomotives and railcars", "History of rail transport in Portugal", "Schedule" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }

{ "paragraph": [ "Linha do Oeste\n", "Linha do Oeste (Western Line) is a railway line serving the central western coast of Portugal belonging to Infraestruturas de Portugal network. The line was opened in 1887.\n", "Passenger services are operated by CP.\n", "The line is used also by freight trains from CP and the new private freight operator, Takargo, also plans services using this line.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of railway lines in Portugal\n", "BULLET::::- List of Portuguese locomotives and railcars\n", "BULLET::::- History of rail transport in Portugal\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Schedule\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "railway line in Portugal", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1160445", "wikidata_label": "Linha do Oeste", "wikipedia_title": "Linha do Oeste" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Servandus and Cermanus\n", "Saints Servandus and Germanus () (d. 305 AD) were Spanish martyrs who are venerated as Christian saints. They were killed near Cádiz. Tradition states that they were from Mérida, and sons of Saint Marcellus the Centurion. They joined the Roman Army and were imprisoned after being identified as Christians. They made new converts in prison. During the persecution of Diocletian, the \"vicarius\" of Mérida, Viator, tortured them and imprisoned them once again. Viator then planned to take them to Mauritania Tingitana and had them walk barefoot and in chains from Mérida to Cádiz. Viator failed to find a boat that could take them and they were decapitated on a hill of the \"fundus Ursianus\" in the \"conventus Gaditanus\". The body of Germanus was buried at Mérida and Servandus at Cádiz, and then later translated to Seville. The hill of \"fundus Ursianus\" has been identified with \"Cerro de los Mártires\" (San Fernando) and with \"Cerro de Torrejosa\" near Facinas (Tarifa).\n", "Section::::Veneration.\n", "They are mentioned in the martyrologies of Bede, Usuard, Ado, as well as the Mozarabic Breviary, and in the Breviaries of Toledo, Seville, Salamanca, among others. They are venerated as patron saints of Cádiz (officially since 1619). On the Sunday closest to October 23 they celebrate in the town of San Fernando the festival of Saints Servandus and Cermanus, carrying statues of the saints in a procession.\n", "The sculptress Luisa Roldán (1650–1704), called \"La Roldana\", made sculptures of these two saints at Cádiz.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- CatholicSaints\n", "BULLET::::- Santiebeati\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "Spanish martyrs", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7455543", "wikidata_label": "Servandus and Cermanus", "wikipedia_title": "Servandus and Cermanus" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Järvakandi\n", "Järvakandi () is a borough () in central Estonia. Administratively it constituted Järvakandi Parish () until 2017 — a rural municipality within Rapla County. The municipality has a population of 1,375 (as of 1 January 2012) and an area of 4.83 km².\n", "Rock music festival Rabarock was held in Järvakandi since 2005 til 2012.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n", "BULLET::::- Järvakandi Gymnasium\n", "BULLET::::- Järvakandi glass museum\n", "BULLET::::- Rabarock music festival\n", "BULLET::::- Club Cinema Nightclub\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "borough (alev) in central Estonia", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1010606", "wikidata_label": "Järvakandi", "wikipedia_title": "Järvakandi" }

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"Trox%20arcuatus", "Trox%20atrox", "Trox%20augustae", "Trox%20boucomonti", "Trox%20braacki", "Trox%20brahminus", "Trox%20brincki", "Trox%20cadaverinus", "Trox%20caffer", "Trox%20cambeforti", "Trox%20cambodjanus", "Trox%20candidus", "Trox%20capensis", "Trox%20capillaris", "Trox%20carinicollis", "Trox%20ciliatus", "Trox%20clathratus", "Corsica", "Trox%20conjunctus", "Trox%20consimilis", "Trox%20contractus", "Trox%20coracinus", "Trox%20cotodognanensis", "Trox%20cribrum", "Sardinia", "Trox%20cricetulus", "Croatia", "Trox%20curvipes", "Trox%20cyrtus", "Trox%20demarzi", "Trox%20dhaulagiri", "Trox%20dilaticollis", "Trox%20dohrni", "Trox%20doiinthanonensis", "Trox%20elderi", "Trox%20elongatus", "Trox%20erinaceus", "Trox%20euclensis", "Trox%20eversmanni", "Trox%20fabricii", "Trox%20fascicularis", "Trox%20fascifer", "Trox%20floridanus", "Trox%20formosanus", "Trox%20foveicollis", "Trox%20frontera", "Trox%20gansuensis", "Trox%20gemmulatus", "Trox%20gigas", "Trox%20gonoderus", "Trox%20granuliceps", "Trox%20granulipennis", "Trox%20gunki", "Trox%20hamatus", "Trox%20hispidus", "Trox%20horridus", "Trox%20howdenorum", "Trox%20howelli", "Trox%20ineptus", "Transbaikal", "Trox%20insularis", "Trox%20kerleyi", "Trox%20kiuchii", "Trox%20klapperichi", "Trox%20kyotensis", "Trox%20lama", "Trox%20laticollis", "Trox%20leonardii", "Trox%20levis", "Trox%20litoralis", "Trox%20luridus", "Trox%20lutosus", "Trox%20mandli", "Trox%20mariae", "Trox%20mariettae", "Trox%20marshalli", "Trox%20martini", "Trox%20matsudai", "Trox%20maurus", "Trox%20montanus", "Trox%20monteithi", "Trox%20morticinii", "Trox%20mutsuensis", "Trox%20nama", "Trox%20nanniscus", "Trox%20nasutus", "Trox%20natalensis", "Trox%20necopinus", "Trox%20niger", "Trox%20nigrociliatus", "Trox%20nigroscobinus", "Trox%20niponensis", "Trox%20nodulosus", "Trox%20nohirai", "Trox%20novaecaledoniae", "New%20Caledonia", "Trox%20opacotuberculatus", "Trox%20oustaleti", "British%20Columbia", "Trox%20ovalis", "Trox%20pampeanus", "Trox%20parvicollis", 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"Trox%20transversus", "Trox%20trilobus", "Trox%20tuberculatus", "Trox%20uenoi", "Trox%20unistriatus", "Trox%20variolatus", "Trox%20villosus", "Trox%20yamayai", "Trox%20yangi", "Trox%20zoufali" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 36, 37, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 104, 105, 106, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167 ], "start": [ 10, 19, 41, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 36, 51, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 31, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 36, 13, 31, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 28, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 36, 13, 13, 63, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 36, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13 ], "text": [ "genus", "beetle", "Trogidae", "Trox acanthinus", "Trox aculeatus", "Trox aequalis", "Trox affinis", "Trox alatus", "Trox alius", "Trox amictus", "Trox antiquus", "Latest Eocene", "Florissant", "Trox aphanocephalus", "Trox arcuatus", "Trox atrox", "Trox augustae", "Trox boucomonti", "Trox braacki", "Trox brahminus", "Trox brincki", "Trox cadaverinus", "Trox caffer", "Trox cambeforti", "Trox cambodjanus", "Trox candidus", "Trox capensis", "Trox capillaris", "Trox carinicollis", "Trox ciliatus", "Trox clathratus", "Corsica", "Trox conjunctus", "Trox consimilis", "Trox contractus", "Trox coracinus", "Trox cotodognanensis", "Trox cribrum", "Sardinia", "Trox cricetulus", "Croatia", "Trox curvipes", "Trox cyrtus", "Trox demarzi", "Trox dhaulagiri", "Trox dilaticollis", "Trox dohrni", "Trox doiinthanonensis", "Trox elderi", "Trox elongatus", "Trox erinaceus", "Trox euclensis", "Trox eversmanni", "Trox fabricii", "Trox fascicularis", "Trox fascifer", "Trox floridanus", "Trox formosanus", "Trox foveicollis", "Trox frontera", "Trox gansuensis", "Trox gemmulatus", "Trox gigas", "Trox gonoderus", "Trox granuliceps", "Trox granulipennis", "Trox gunki", "Trox hamatus", "Trox hispidus", "Trox horridus", "Trox howdenorum", "Trox howelli", "Trox ineptus", "Transbaikal", "Trox insularis", "Trox kerleyi", "Trox kiuchii", "Trox klapperichi", "Trox kyotensis", "Trox lama", "Trox laticollis", "Trox leonardii", "Trox levis", "Trox litoralis", "Trox luridus", "Trox lutosus", "Trox mandli", "Trox mariae", "Trox mariettae", "Trox marshalli", "Trox martini", "Trox matsudai", "Trox maurus", "Trox montanus", "Trox monteithi", "Trox morticinii", "Trox mutsuensis", "Trox nama", "Trox nanniscus", "Trox nasutus", "Trox natalensis", "Trox necopinus", "Trox niger", "Trox nigrociliatus", "Trox nigroscobinus", "Trox niponensis", "Trox nodulosus", "Trox nohirai", "Trox novaecaledoniae", "New Caledonia", "Trox opacotuberculatus", "Trox oustaleti", "British Columbia", "Trox ovalis", "Trox pampeanus", "Trox parvicollis", "Trox pastillarius", "Trox pellosomus", "Trox penicillatus", "Trox perhispidus", "Trox perlatus", "Trox perrieri", "Trox perrisii", "Trox placosalinus", "Trox planicollis", "Trox plicatus", "Trox poringensis", "Trox puncticollis", "Trox pusillus", "Trox quadridens", "Trox quadrimaculatus", "Turkestan", "Trox quadrinodosus", "Trox regalis", "Trox rhyparoides", "Trox rimulosus", "Trox robinsoni", "Trox rotundulus", "Trox rudebecki", "Trox sabulosus", "Trox salebrosus", "Trox scaber", "Trox semicostatus", "Trox setifer", "Trox setosipennis", "Trox sonorae", "Trox sordidatus", "Trox sordidus", "Trox spinulosus", "Trox squamiger", "Trox squamosus", "Trox stellatus", "Trox strandi", "Trox striatus", "Trox strigosus", "Trox strzeleckensis", "Trox sugayai", "Trox sulcatus", "Trox taiwanus", "Trox talpa", "Trox tasmanicus", "Trox tatei", "Trox terrestris", "Trox tibialis", "Trox torpidus", "Trox transversus", "Trox trilobus", "Trox tuberculatus", "Trox uenoi", "Trox unistriatus", "Trox variolatus", "Trox villosus", "Trox yamayai", "Trox yangi", "Trox zoufali" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", 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{ "paragraph": [ "Trox\n", "Trox is a genus of beetles of the Family Trogidae.\n", "Its species occur almost worldwide.\n", "Section::::Species.\n", "Species within this genus include:\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox acanthinus\" (Mexico)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox aculeatus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox aequalis\" (Canada to Mexico)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox affinis\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox alatus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox alius\" (Western Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox amictus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox antiquus\" (fossil:Latest Eocene, Florissant, USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox aphanocephalus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox arcuatus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox atrox\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox augustae\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox boucomonti\" (China, Vietnam)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox braacki\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox brahminus\" (India to Vietnam)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox brincki\" (Lesotho)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox cadaverinus\" (Europe to China)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox caffer\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox cambeforti\" (China)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox cambodjanus\" (Cambodia, Laos)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox candidus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox capensis\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox capillaris\" (Canada to southern USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox carinicollis\" (Western Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox ciliatus\" (Argentina, Bolivia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox clathratus\" (Corsica)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox conjunctus\" (China)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox consimilis\" (Southern Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox contractus\" (Texas)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox coracinus\" (unknown distribution)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox cotodognanensis\" (Spain)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox cribrum\" (France, Sardinia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox cricetulus\" (Croatia, Spain)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox curvipes\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox cyrtus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox demarzi\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox dhaulagiri\" (Nepal)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox dilaticollis\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox dohrni\" (Western Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox doiinthanonensis\" (Thailand)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox elderi\" (South Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox elongatus\" (Northern Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox erinaceus\" (South Carolina)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox euclensis\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox eversmanni\" (Central Europe to Siberia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox fabricii\" (Spain, Sicily to Northern Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox fascicularis\" (Southern Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox fascifer\" (California)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox floridanus\" (Florida)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox formosanus\" (Taiwan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox foveicollis\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox frontera\" (Texas)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox gansuensis\" (China)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox gemmulatus\" (California)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox gigas\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox gonoderus\" (Madagascar)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox granuliceps\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox granulipennis\" (Northern Africa to Spain and Middle East)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox gunki\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox hamatus\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox hispidus\" (Europe)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox horridus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox howdenorum\" (Western Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox howelli\" (Florida, Texas)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox ineptus\" (Transbaikal)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox insularis\" (Southern USA, Cuba)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox kerleyi\" (Thailand)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox kiuchii\" (Thailand)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox klapperichi\" (Turkey to Saudi Arabia, Middle East)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox kyotensis\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox lama\" (Tibet)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox laticollis\" (New York)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox leonardii\" (Spain to North Africa, Israel)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox levis\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox litoralis\" (South Europe: Italy to Greece)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox luridus\" (Southern Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox lutosus\" (Great Britain)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox mandli\" (Transbaikal)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox mariae\" (Western Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox mariettae\" (North Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox marshalli\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox martini\" (North Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox matsudai\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox maurus\" (unknown distribution)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox montanus\" (Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox monteithi\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox morticinii\" (Central Asia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox mutsuensis\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox nama\" (Southern Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox nanniscus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox nasutus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox natalensis\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox necopinus\" (Zambia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox niger\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox nigrociliatus\" (Ethiopia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox nigroscobinus\" (Western Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox niponensis\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox nodulosus\" (Sardinia, Corsica)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox nohirai\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox novaecaledoniae\" (New Caledonia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox opacotuberculatus\" (Japan, Taiwan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox oustaleti\" (fossil: Eocene; Nine-mile Creek, British Columbia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox ovalis\" (North Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox pampeanus\" (Argentina)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox parvicollis\" (North Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox pastillarius\" (South America)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox pellosomus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox penicillatus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox perhispidus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox perlatus\" (Great Britain to Spain and Italy)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox perrieri\" (Madagascar)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox perrisii\" (Europe, North Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox placosalinus\" (China)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox planicollis\" (Southern Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox plicatus\" (Southern USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox poringensis\" (Borneo, Java)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox puncticollis\" (Saudi Arabia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox pusillus\" (Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox quadridens\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox quadrimaculatus\" (Turkestan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox quadrinodosus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox regalis\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox rhyparoides\" (Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox rimulosus\" (India)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox robinsoni\" (Canada to Texas)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox rotundulus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox rudebecki\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox sabulosus\" (Great Britain to Siberia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox salebrosus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox scaber\" (Holarctic, North Africa, South America, Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox semicostatus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox setifer\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox setosipennis\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox sonorae\" (Canada to New Mexico)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox sordidatus\" (Southeastern Europe)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox sordidus\" (Canada to Texas)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox spinulosus\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox squamiger\" (Africa, Arabia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox squamosus\" (Australia, New Guinea)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox stellatus\" (Western Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox strandi\" (Algeria)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox striatus\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox strigosus\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox strzeleckensis\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox sugayai\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox sulcatus\" (Southern Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox taiwanus\" (Taiwan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox talpa\" (South Africa)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox tasmanicus\" (Tasmania)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox tatei\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox terrestris\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox tibialis\" (Taiwan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox torpidus\" (Central America)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox transversus\" (Greece, Syria, Turkey)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox trilobus\" (Australia, New Guinea)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox tuberculatus\" (USA)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox uenoi\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox unistriatus\" (Canada to Texas)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox variolatus\" (Canada to Mexico)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox villosus\" (Australia)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox yamayai\" (Japan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox yangi\" (Taiwan)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Trox zoufali\" (Taiwan)\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "genus of insects", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7846696", "wikidata_label": "Trox", "wikipedia_title": "Trox" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "USS Safeguard (ARS-25)\n", "USS \"Safeguard\" (ARS-25) was an commissioned by the U.S. Navy during World War II. Her task was to come to the aid of stricken vessels.\n", "\"Safeguard\" was laid down on 5 June 1943 by the Basalt Rock Company in Napa, California; launched on 20 November 1943; and commissioned on 30 September 1944 at the Southern Pacific Docks, Vallejo, California, Lt. J. F. Simmons in command.\n", "Section::::World War II service.\n", "Following shakedown out of San Diego, California, \"Safeguard\" called at San Pedro, California, and San Francisco before commencing the first of many deep water towing operations on 23 December. With \"YC-1165\" and \"YC-1166\" in tow, she arrived at Pearl Harbor on 3 January 1945. Escorted by \"PC-125Jt\" and \"SC-1033\", she departed Pearl for Eniwetok on the 15th, this time with \"ARD-25\" in tow. Until 1 March, she operated in the area of Tanapag Harbor.\n", "Section::::Post-war activity.\n", "\"Safeguard\" later moved on to the Ryūkyūs. At Okinawa, she conducted at-random salvage operations in the wake of war and typhoons. Although towing operations in Buckner Bay took up much of her time in the months immediately following the end of the war, she also continued salvage work. On 20 November, after continued attempts, she refloated \"ARD-21\", a typhoon victim, at Nago Wan, Okinawa.\n", "Section::::China area operations.\n", "Departing the Ryukyus on 28 March 1946 for Shanghai, China, \"Safeguard\" extended her salvage and towing capabilities to Taku, China, on 13 April and then to Pusan, Korea, and the Amami-O-Shima Islands. Following several months of operations in Chinese and Japanese waters, she towed \"YR-68\" from Hong Kong to Samar, Philippine Islands, in mid-June. There she added section G of \"AFDM-5\" to her tow and continued on to Pearl Harbor on 29 July in company with three \"YTBs\". The 21st of August found her en route to San Francisco for a three-month overhaul at Mare Island, California.\n", "Section::::Atomic testing operations.\n", "After service in the Aleutians in the spring of 1947, \"Safeguard\" arrived at Pearl Harbor on 1 July. She then went on to Kwajalein Atoll, the Marshalls, for salvage operations after the nuclear tests held there. The mission involved considerable diving and the inspection of the underwater surfaces of many grounded vessels. \"Safeguard\" departed Kwajalein on 12 November and headed via Pearl Harbor for San Diego. She decommissioned on 12 December 1947 and entered the San Diego Group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet.\n", "Section::::Reactivated during Korean War.\n", "After the outbreak of war in Korea, \"Safeguard\" was ordered activated. Recommissioned on 13 February 1952, she proceeded to Pearl Harbor for a post-commissioning overhaul that took her into mid-August. She arrived at Sasebo, Japan, on 3 September 1952 and again commenced salvage and towing operations in Japanese and Korean waters. She delivered urgently needed cargo to at Inchon on 28 December; and, on 6 January 1953, she stood by during shore bombardment.\n", "Section::::DEW Line support.\n", "Between May and December, \"Safeguard\" underwent overhaul at Pearl Harbor. Following the end of the Korean War, she continued to engage in fleet salvage operations and regular WestPac deployments. In the summer of 1955 and 1956, she operated out of Seattle, Washington, provisioning DEW-line outposts.\n", "Section::::Vietnam War operations.\n", "\"Safeguard\" relieved on station in the South China Sea off the coast of South Vietnam on 25 August 1964. Interruptions during this duty took her to Subic Bay and Hong Kong. Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 27 October, she conducted local operations through the following summer. In the first half of 1964 she also assisted in Operation Sailor Hat off the coast of Kahoolawe with target ship moorings. She was again en route to WestPac on 17 August 1965 for operations that took her to Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese waters.\n", "Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 9 March 1966, \"Safeguard\" commenced upkeep and mid-Pacific operations. For example, during September and October 1966, she salvaged a 10,000-ton commercial barge which had grounded at Wake Island during a storm. She then towed the barge 2,000 miles to Honolulu. Into 1974, \"Safeguard\" has continued to provide Fleet support services from her home port of Pearl Harbor and through her regular WestPac deployments.\n", "Section::::Decommissioning.\n", "\"Safeguard\" was decommissioned (date unknown) and struck from the Naval Vessel Register, 6 August 1979. She was transferred under the Security Assistance Program, to Turkey, 28 September 1979. She was decommissioned 30 March 2017.\n", "Section::::Military awards and honors.\n", "\"Safeguard\" received one battle star for World War II service:\n", "BULLET::::- Okinawa Gunto operations\n", "During the Korean War she received the Presidential Unit Citation and five battle stars. Two are shown below: \n", "BULLET::::- Korean Defense Summer-Fall 1952\n", "BULLET::::- Third Korean Winter\n", "For service in Vietnam she was reported to have received nine campaign stars. However, ten are noted below:\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnam Defense\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnamese Counteroffensive\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase III\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase V\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase VI\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnam Winter-Sprint 1970\n", "BULLET::::- Sanctuary Counteroffensive\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnamese Counteroffensive - Phase VII\n", "BULLET::::- Consolidation I\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnamese Ceasefire\n", "\"Safeguard's\" crew was eligible for the following medals, citations, ribbons, and other honors (listed in order of precedence):\n", "BULLET::::- Presidential Unit Citation (United States)\n", "BULLET::::- Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation\n", "BULLET::::- China Service Medal (extended)\n", "BULLET::::- American Campaign Medal\n", "BULLET::::- Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1)\n", "BULLET::::- World War II Victory Medal\n", "BULLET::::- Navy Occupation Service Medal (with Asia clasp)\n", "BULLET::::- National Defense Service Medal (2)\n", "BULLET::::- Korean Service Medal (2)\n", "BULLET::::- Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (2-Korea)\n", "BULLET::::- Vietnam Service Medal (10)\n", "BULLET::::- Humanitarian Service Medal (1- Entewaktek Cleanup, 1-Boat People)\n", "BULLET::::- Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation (3)\n", "BULLET::::- United Nations Service Medal\n", "BULLET::::- Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal\n", "BULLET::::- Republic of Korea War Service Medal (retroactive)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - ARS-25 Safeguard\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7873727", "wikidata_label": "USS Safeguard", "wikipedia_title": "USS Safeguard (ARS-25)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Viols-le-Fort\n", "Viols-le-Fort is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q955584", "wikidata_label": "Viols-le-Fort", "wikipedia_title": "Viols-le-Fort" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Viols-en-Laval\n", "Viols-en-Laval is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q196509", "wikidata_label": "Viols-en-Laval", "wikipedia_title": "Viols-en-Laval" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Vic-la-Gardiole\n", "Vic-la-Gardiole () is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q669398", "wikidata_label": "Vic-la-Gardiole", "wikipedia_title": "Vic-la-Gardiole" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Vendres\n", "Vendres (Languedocien: \"Vèndres\") is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::Sights.\n", "The French Ministry of Culture lists three sites with protection as a \"monument historique\".\n", "BULLET::::- The Château de Vendres, a 13th-century castle, has been protected as a \"monument historique\" since 1926. The remains include the curtain wall and a fortified gateway.\n", "BULLET::::- The so-called Temple of Venus is a Roman villa, protected as a \"monument historique\" since 1935. The inhabitants of Vendres would like to think that the name of the village is derived from the goddess. The villa seems to have been constructed in the first century AD on a site that dominates the present lagoon, though then the open sea. Excavated in the 17th century by Dominique de Bonsi, the site has since been interpreted in very different ways. The myth of a temple was an early 20th century idea, originated by Félix Mouret; Fernand Benoit suggested a salting works in 1965. Monique Clavel-Lévêque suggested in 1970 that the site was a rather luxurious villa and the latest excavations, by Ludovic Le Roy in 2008, confirm this view. The site was built on a raised level to permit under floor heating. It underwent several alterations between the 1st and 5th centuries.\n", "BULLET::::- The remains of the so-called Roman aqueduct probably date more accurately to the 17th century. They have been protected as a \"monument historique\" since 1926.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q262131", "wikidata_label": "Vendres", "wikipedia_title": "Vendres" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Vendémian\n", "Vendémian is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "It is located on the D131 route, between Montpellier and Beziers.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q198764", "wikidata_label": "Vendémian", "wikipedia_title": "Vendémian" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Vendargues\n", "Vendargues is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Valras-Plage\n", "Valras-Plage (\"Valrans\" in Occitan) is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q752535", "wikidata_label": "Valras-Plage", "wikipedia_title": "Valras-Plage" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Vacquières\n", "Vacquières is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France. J-B Cavalier produces a very drinkable (organic) white wine here.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q196452", "wikidata_label": "Vacquières", "wikipedia_title": "Vacquières" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Sussargues\n", "Sussargues is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q173565", "wikidata_label": "Sussargues", "wikipedia_title": "Sussargues" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Sérignan\n", "Sérignan is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q751619", "wikidata_label": "Sérignan", "wikipedia_title": "Sérignan" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "La Salvetat-sur-Agout\n", "La Salvetat-sur-Agout is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Communes of the Hérault department\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- INSEE\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Office de Tourisme La Salvetat-Sur-Agoût in French; offers automatic translation to English\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Hérault, France", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1062392", "wikidata_label": "La Salvetat-sur-Agout", "wikipedia_title": "La Salvetat-sur-Agout" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "La Bostonnais, Quebec\n", "La Bostonnais is a municipality in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada. The community is about north of La Tuque's town centre along Quebec Route 155.\n", "The municipality takes its name from the nearby Bostonnais and Little Bostonnais Rivers. This name probably came from an American man originally from Boston who joined the Abenaki at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1823, a reference was made to an Abenaki man named Jean-Baptiste Bostonnais who had one of his daughters baptized at Trois-Rivières. The Bostonnais family had their hunting territory in the area where the namesake rivers flow.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The area, located within the geographic township of Bourgeoys, opened up for colonization around 1871. The Mission of Saint-Jean-Bosco was formed in 1946 and became a parish two years later. In 1946, the post office opened, and closed again in 1961. It was constituted as a municipality in 1987.\n", "On March 26, 2003 it became part of the City of La Tuque as part of the early 2000s municipal reorganization in Quebec, but following a 2004 referendum, the Municipalities of La Bostonnais and Lac-Édouard were reconstituted on January 1, 2006. It remains part of the urban agglomeration of La Tuque. It had formerly been part of Le Haut-Saint-Maurice Regional County Municipality, which was abolished in the wake of the merger; after demerger, it is one of the few municipalities (other than in the Nord-du-Québec region) that is not part of any regional county municipality.\n", "Section::::Demographics.\n", "Population trend:\n", "BULLET::::- Population in 2011: 503 (2006 to 2011 population change: -18.5%)\n", "BULLET::::- Population in 2006: 617\n", "BULLET::::- Population in 2001: 529\n", "BULLET::::- Population in 1996: 524\n", "BULLET::::- Population in 1991: 473\n", "Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 218 (total dwellings: 362)\n", "Mother tongue:\n", "BULLET::::- English as first language: 1.6%\n", "BULLET::::- French as first language: 92.7%\n", "BULLET::::- English and French as first language: 0%\n", "BULLET::::- Other as first language: 5.7%\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- La Tuque\n", "BULLET::::- La Tuque (urban agglomeration)\n", "BULLET::::- Bostonnais River\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "municipality in Quebec (Canada)", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3206772", "wikidata_label": "La Bostonnais", "wikipedia_title": "La Bostonnais, Quebec" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Lac-Édouard, Quebec\n", "Lac-Édouard is a municipality in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada. Its village centre is located along the Canadian National Railway at the north end of the eponymous Lake Édouard.\n", "On March 26, 2003 it became part of the City of La Tuque as part of the early 2000s municipal reorganization in Quebec, but following a 2004 referendum, the Municipalities of La Bostonnais and Lac-Édouard were reconstituted on January 1, 2006. It remains part of the urban agglomeration of La Tuque. It had formerly been part of Le Haut-Saint-Maurice Regional County Municipality, which was abolished in the wake of the merger; after demerger, it is one of the few municipalities (other than in the Nord-du-Québec region) that is not part of any regional county municipality.\n", "Section::::Demographics.\n", "Population trend:\n", "Private dwellings occupied by usual residents: 93 (total dwellings: 495)\n", "Mother tongue:\n", "BULLET::::- English as first language: 0%\n", "BULLET::::- French as first language: 100%\n", "BULLET::::- English and French as first language: 0%\n", "BULLET::::- Other as first language: 0%\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The name of Lac Edouard (Quebec) which is attested since 1828 by the surveyor Joseph Bouchette, honouring a Native American hunter Batiscan, Edouard Jeannotte. Another surveyor, J. P. Mullarkey wrote in 1893 that hunter Edouard Jeannotte has also given its name to the Jeannotte River, one of the two emissaries of the lake. The lake's name is also attested in Montagnais language using the toponym \"Etoolsakigan\", which also means Lac Edouard.\n", "The history of Lake Edward begins with the construction of the in 1885, which connects Montreal to Lac Saint-Jean. The presence of lakes and wildlife areas attracted the rich Americans and favored the installation of a Station in 1886, a post office and a Catholic mission in 1889.\n", "The Triton Fish and Game Club, today the Seigneurie du Triton is the most prestigious club hunting and fishing in Quebec and received illustrious members in particular Winston Churchill (Prime Minister of the England) and American presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Harry Truman, as well as family members of Rockefeller and Molson.\n", "The remoteness of Lac-Edouard also favored the creation of a sanatarium in 1904, which contributed to the reputation of the place. Development places made sure that the parish of Notre-Dame-des-Neiges was created in 1937 and the place received municipal status in 1951. However, the development of antibiotics led to the closure of the sanatorium in 1967.\n", "In 2003, Lac-Edouard was merged with La Tuque; however, this merger was challenged and the municipality was restored in 2006.\n", "Section::::History.:Administrative chronology.\n", "BULLET::::- 1889 - Proclamation creating Trudel township\n", "BULLET::::- 1891 - Proclamation creating Laure township\n", "BULLET::::- 1901 - Proclamation creating Bickerdike township\n", "BULLET::::- 1904 - Proclamation creating Gendron township\n", "BULLET::::- - Constitution of the municipality of Lac-Edouard from the entire territory of the townships Bickerdike, Gendron, Laura and Trudel.\n", "BULLET::::- - Lac-Édouard is fused to La Tuque\n", "BULLET::::- - Reconstruction of the City of Lac-Edouard in the former territory of 1951.\n", "Section::::History.:Sanatorium.\n", "The sanatorium of Lac-Édouard, which has been in operation from 1904 to 1967, contributed greatly to the local economy. The five historic buildings on the site were built between 1910 and 1926. Tunnels built in cement were used in particular to get the pipes coming from the boiler and from raised huge reservoir of drinking water. The main tunnel was used for the movement of personnel, supplies and, if necessary, to remove the dead bodies from the hospital.\n", "The primary purpose of the sanatorium was to house and treat tuberculosis patients. This infectious disease, with variable clinical signs, was once treated in sanatoriums, for cures under the sun and outdoors activities. The disease was much better controlled in the 1950s, thanks to newly discovered antibiotics. Subsequently cures to sanatoriums in the fight against tuberculosis became less and less necessary.\n", "Located on a point of land jutting out into the Lac Edouard, the site of the sanatorium and outbuildings was well equipped. The natural setting, on the edge of the lake, attracted beneficiaries, generally wealthy. They arrived by train at the Lac-Edouard railway station by train, from's Hervey-Jonction, Quebec or Chambord. A shuttle was required between the railway station and the sanatorium. Many visitors were coming by train to see their sick relatives or friends living at the sanatorium. Many beneficiaries of the sanatorium died there during its history.\n", "After 1967, the sanatorium served as a hospital dedicated to military veterans. Then, the building was transformed into a center for people with intellectual disabilities. Finally, the sanatorium was closed in 1982 and abandoned, thus weakening the local economy. The building of the sanatorium had four floors (wearing a turret as the fifth floor), with a solid concrete structure, exterior walls in red brick and lots of windows all around. Religious and lay staff nursed hundreds of resident beneficiaries. Doctors, nurses and support staff were housed in adjacent buildings or houses in the village of Lac-Édouard. After 1982, this historic site (except the sanatorium) continued to be used for several years for tourist activities. Finally, the site became a ghost town.\n", "On the night of May 10 to 11, 2013, a fire completely destroyed the building of the house of nuns, located a few hundred metres from the sanatorium. This large house had a large atrium, two stories high, at the entrance. The rooms of the nuns were furnished on the second floor.\n", "In 2006, businessman Jean-Guy Pronovost Trois-Rivières acquired the site and outdoor base from Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Batiscanie, Quebec\n", "BULLET::::- Batiscan River\n", "BULLET::::- Jeannotte River\n", "BULLET::::- La Tuque\n", "BULLET::::- Mauricie\n", "BULLET::::- Lac-Édouard railway station\n", "BULLET::::- Cookies Lake\n", "BULLET::::- Lac Édouard (Quebec) or Lac Édouard, Quebec\n", "BULLET::::- Lake of the cross - Haute-Batiscanie\n", "BULLET::::- Lordship of Triton\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Lac-Edouard" ] }, "description": "municipality in Quebec, Canada", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3214681", "wikidata_label": "Lac-Édouard", "wikipedia_title": "Lac-Édouard, Quebec" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "BMW IIIa\n", "BMW IIIa was an inline six-cylinder SOHC valvetrain, water-cooled aircraft engine, the first-ever product from BMW GmbH. Its success laid the foundation for future BMW success. It is best known as the powerplant of the Fokker D.VIIF, which outperformed any allied aircraft.\n", "Section::::Design and development.\n", "On 20 May 1917, Rapp Motorenwerke (which later that year became BMW GmbH) registered the documentation for the construction design for the new engine, dubbed BMW III. Designed by Max Friz and based on the Rapp III engine, it was an SOHC in-line six-cylinder, just as the earlier Mercedes D.III was, which guaranteed optimum balance, therefore few, small vibrations. It was designed with a high (for the era) compression ratio of 6.4:1. The first design drawings were available in May, and on 17 September the engine was on the test rig. After a successful maiden flight for the IIIa in December 1917, volume production started up at the beginning of 1918.\n", "The military authorities were responsible for the fact that the first BMW product was designated with a III instead of an I. As early as 1915, the \"IdFlieg\" German military aviation inspectorate introduced uniform model designations for aero engines, with the Roman numeral referring to the performance class. IdFlieg's Class 0 (zero) engine power category was for engines of up to , such as the Gnome Lambda-clone Oberursel U.0 rotary engine, Class I was reserved for engines from 100 to , with Class II for engines of between 120 and . The BMW engine was and was assigned to category III.\n", "The engine was successful, but the real breakthrough came in 1917, when Friz integrated a basically simple throttle butterfly into the twin-barrel \"high-altitude carburettor\", enabling the engine to develop its full power high above the ground. Burning a special high octane fuel of gasoline blended with Benzole, the carburettor adjusted the richness of the fuel-air mixture according to the aircraft's altitude. It enabled the engine, now dubbed BMW IIIa, to develop a constant up to an altitude of 2000 meters – a decisive advantage over competitors' engines.\n", "German and British horsepower ratings apparently differed. Postwar British tests put the rating of the BMW IIIa at 230 hp. This corresponds to British ratings of the Mercedes DIIIa engine being rated by the British as 180 hp (German rating of 170 hp) and the DIIIau at 200 hp (German-180 hp). This discrepancy may explain the significant difference in performance of the BMW IIIa equipped Fokker D.VIIF both against Mercedes powered D.VII's and their Allied opponents. The standard German \"Pferdstärke\" metric horsepower unit was expressed in the early 20th century as being a unit of almost exactly 735.5 watts, while the British unit for mechanical horsepower was based on the older 33,000 ft-lb/min figure, which translates to 745.7 watts instead.\n", "The ability to gain power at higher altitudes was why this engine had unique superiority in air combat. It was primarily used in the Fokker D VII and in the Junkers Ju A 20 and Ju F 13. When equipped with the BMW IIIa engine, the Fokker D VII could outclimb any Allied opponent it encountered in combat. Highly maneuverable at all speeds and altitudes, it proved to be more than a match for any of the British or French fighter planes of 1918. The water-cooled in-line 6-cylinder engine's reputation grew very quickly after its abilities were proven in air combat by \"Jasta 11\", the \"Red Baron's\" squadron. Ernst Udet, squadron leader of Jasta 11 in World War I, acknowledged the outstanding performance of the BMW IIIa engine: \n", "About 700 engines were built by BMW, however, a large demand for the new BMW IIIa aircraft engine in Munich (coupled with a lack of production capacity) caused part of the production to be transferred to the Opel factory in Rüsselsheim.\n", "On September 13, 1919, Franz Zeno Diemer set a world altitude record for a passenger aircraft (eight people on board, 6750 meters) in a Ju F 13 powered by a BMW IIIa aircraft engine.\n", "Section::::Applications.\n", "BULLET::::- Aero A.18\n", "BULLET::::- Aero A.26\n", "BULLET::::- Aero Ae 04\n", "BULLET::::- Fokker C.I\n", "BULLET::::- Fokker D.VII\n", "BULLET::::- Dobi-III\n", "BULLET::::- Junkers D.I\n", "BULLET::::- Junkers F.13\n", "BULLET::::- Letov Š-3\n", "BULLET::::- LFG Roland D.XV\n", "BULLET::::- LFG Roland D.XVII\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Liberty L-6\n", "BULLET::::- Mercedes D.III\n", "BULLET::::- List of aircraft engines\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "BMW III", "BMW 185 hp" ] }, "description": "I-6 piston aircraft engine, first product from BMW", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q796517", "wikidata_label": "BMW IIIa", "wikipedia_title": "BMW IIIa" }

{ "end": [ 57, 66 ], "href": [ "D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba%20County", "Romania" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1 ], "start": [ 41, 59 ], "text": [ "Dâmbovița County", "Romania" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "" ] }

{ "paragraph": [ "Bezdead\n", "Bezdead is a commune in the northeast of Dâmbovița County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Bezdead, Broșteni, Costișata, Măgura, Tunari and Valea Morii.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "commune in Dâmbovița County, Romania", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2246098", "wikidata_label": "Bezdead", "wikipedia_title": "Bezdead" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Pilgrim Fathers Church\n", "The Old or Pilgrim Fathers' Church () is a church located in Rotterdam-Delfshaven, in the Netherlands.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The history of the Old or Pilgrim Fathers' Church goes back as far as 1417, when the Roman Catholic church of St Anthony was consecrated on this site. The oldest known depiction of the church dates from 1512. In 1574 during the Reformation, the church came into Protestant hands and was altered to suit its new function.\n", "In 1608 a group of English Dissenters fled to the Netherlands. They had left the Church of England a few years before and founded their own religious community.\n", "After living in Leiden for eleven years, they decided to become Pilgrims and cross to America, where they might worship God in their own way and still be Englishmen. The \"Speedwell\" left Delfshaven, on 21 July 1620, bound for America. According to the chronicles the Pilgrim Fathers knelt down in prayer on the quay near the church. Much later, American visitors gave the church its third name, Pilgrim Fathers' Church.\n", "The most radical rebuilding took place in 1761. At this time the church was heightened considerably () and was given its present facade with the bell-shaped gable.\n", "In the nineteenth century the building with the text \"Eben-Haëzer\" ('helping stone') in its gable, was erected behind the church. The \"Stichting Oude Hollandse Kerken\" (Foundation Old Churches in Holland) acquired the church in 1992. A large-scale restoration was completed in 1998. The main user of the Pilgrim Fathers Church remains the Reformed Church Delfshaven. Besides the church activities, the Pilgrim Fathers Church is rented for concerts, lectures, weddings and exhibitions.\n", "Section::::Interior.\n", "The Old or Pilgrim Fathers' Church has a spacious and light interior. Arches, plastered white, divide the nave from the aisles. Commemorative panels, bearing the names of the vicars who served the community from 1574 adorn the otherwise bare walls. The richly carved pulpit dates from the eighteenth century.\n", "As usual in Dutch Protestant churches, the pulpit stands within a rectangular enclosure. Here, the members of the church council sat during services and here, baptism was administered. The stained-glass windows in the choir represent the six days of Creation. It has a 44-bell carillon but the oldest bell, which was cast in 1464, is cracked and is now on display in the church.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "St Mary's Church, Rotterdam, Anglican church in Delfshaven\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Website of the Old or Pilgrim Fathers' Church\n", "BULLET::::- Foundation Old Churches in Holland\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2008389", "wikidata_label": "Pilgrim Fathers Church", "wikipedia_title": "Pilgrim Fathers Church" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "TVR Tuscan Challenge\n", "The TVR Tuscan Challenge is a one-make series dedicated to the second incarnation of the TVR Tuscan sports car (Initially developed as a road car and then built for the race series), and takes place throughout the United Kingdom. Inaugurated in 1989, its high power-to-weight ratio, capability of reaching and loud engine noise, combined with close racing in a field consisting of over 30 cars at its peak, made the series become, at the time, the premier one-make series in the UK with an extensive TV coverage; over the years, many drivers who competed in the series moved on in major championship series and many notable drivers have guest driven in a race. The company underwent management changes in 2005, and the TVR Tuscan Challenge was merged with its owner club's series, which has been reformatted to allow for all TVR models.\n", "This version of the Tuscan is not to be confused with either the earlier V8/6 model or the later roadgoing Speed Six version.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "With the success of the S Series, TVR began development of an ES, an S series sports car with a Ford - Swaymar V6 3.2-litre engine. It wasn't until the 1988 British Motorshow, in Birmingham NEC; the car was unveiled as a prototype with plans for it to be developed for road use, but in order to attract public interests and stimulate sales, TVR resurrected the Tuscan name and at the same time instigated the one-make TVR Tuscan Challenge series.\n", "In order to attract a large field, TVR offered the first batch at a discount of £16,000 plus VAT for entrants with a condition that they commit themselves to compete at least six of the twelve races in the championship. Should that fail, the purchaser would agree to pay the extra £16,000 at the end of the season.\n", "With the instant success of the series in its first year in 1989, plans for a road car fell by the wayside as TVR was busy with the 'S' and the older wedge models as well as design and development work for the forthcoming Griffith and Chimaera models.\n", "It never went beyond the motor show prototype stage, and the Tuscans continued to be produced in small volumes as racing cars.\n", "The S based chassis had to be developed to cope with the extreme power outputs of the tuned Rover V8 engine; by the end of its development, it ended up being a completely new chassis with a wider track, increased wheelbase and much strengthening.\n", "From the debut race in 1989, Tuscan Challenge racers were powered by a TVR Power developed 4.5 litre variant of the venerable Rover V8 with a power output of over 400 bhp (over 300 kW). This was transmitted through a Borg Warner T5 gearbox to its nine-inch (229 mm) wide sixteen-inch (406 mm) diameter O.Z. split-rim wheels shod with Dunlop cross-ply racing tyres. In the early 1990, as the aging Rover V8 was getting beyond its development limits and Rover's takeover by BMW, plus his rumoured refusal of having German engines in his cars, Wheeler commissioned engine designer Al Melling to develop the new AJPV8 engine, producing more power than its Rover counterpart, driving personally an AJP V8 powered TVR Tuscan racing car since 1990 in 4.5 up to 5.0 litres version for engine development, also available for overseas series. With the new V8 engine, the car was capable of 0-60 mph in over 3 seconds and 0-100 mph in just 6.9 seconds. The cars boasted of per tonne (400 W/kg) with a capability reaching in excess of , the cars became popular with race goers. All engines are factory supplied sealed units to ensure a level playing field.\n", "Dealers were usually encouraged to enter the series and the then company owner Peter Wheeler competed in the series, from which he used his expertise to develop the Speed 12, its managing director at the time, Ben Samuelson also competed in the series. Many drivers who are now competing in the Le Mans Series, FIA GT Championship and 24 Hours of Le Mans, such as Jamie Campbell-Walter, Bobby Verdon-Roe, Martin Short and Michael Caine, developed their skills in the series. Nigel Mansell was to compete for a one off race at Donington Park in 1993 but was unable to after he was hospitalised following a BTCC incident. Other drivers who have guest driven in the series throughout its history includes Colin McRae, Andy Wallace, Tim Harvey, Anthony Reid, Tiff Needell and John Cleland.\n", "Carlube sponsored the series between 2002 and 2004. The series was now renamed Dunlop TVR Challenge. At the end of 2003, a version of the T350 known as the Sagaris was introduced with an intention to run alongside the racing Tuscan and to eventually replace them. But when owner Peter Wheeler sold the company to Nikolay Smolensky, who abruptly ended factory support before the 2005 season had begun. TVR's Motorsport Director acquired the rights and kept the series going but on a much smaller basis; by then, TVR had sold off all its racers. With waning entries as many of these cars had either been converted to road use or ended up in track days, the series would continue under a new format as it merged with the Toolsnstuff.co.uk/SIP TVRCC Challenge Cup, a smaller series that consists of a wide range of TVR models, meaning that the grid now featured a more diverse range of TVR models in one race and the series split into three categories \"(see Categories)\".\n", "In 2006, the series acquired a new sponsor, Dunlop Tyres, which meant it provides the tyres, giving a leeway for drivers to decide if they want to compete on slicks, road or track tyres and not just restricted to TVR's; the series has an Invitation Class for any make of sports car providing that it complies with the MSA regulations for the original championship it was built to race in.\n", "Many of these models have found their way competing outside the series, and some of them have been converted into a Sagaris clone as they share similar parts and are the same dimensions. Driver Michel Mora used a Tuscan Challenge in the FFSA GT Championship from 1999 to 2001, before being joined by a second car from Massimo Cairati, car developed from Fisconsult managed from Avv. Vito Gianfranco Truglia in order to promote the brand for road car sales on the Italian market. Cairati also ran Avv. Truglia's car in select rounds of the Italian GT Championship that year, winning both manches in Mugello race and finishing ninth in the overall drivers championship and second in his class.\n", "Due to the Tuscan Challenge's participation in national grand tourer series in the 1990s, the cars were made eligible for the GT90s Revival Series, a historic racing series. Two Tuscan Challenges raced at the series' first round at Silverstone.\n", "Section::::Categories.\n", "Class position depends on the engine capacity, power output and car development. There are currently four categories.\n", "BULLET::::- Class A+ (Super A) - Anything goes. Predominantly larger capacity TVR GT cars with AERO aids (such as wings, splitters and flat floors) sequential gearboxes and traction control. Cars that don't fit into A,B, or C.\n", "BULLET::::- Class A - Consists mainly of the AJPV8 powered Tuscans. Turbo cars up to 3.0 litres and more than 300 bhp (261 kW), normally aspirated cars with 5.0 litres or more than 300 bhp (261 kW). No Aero allowed.\n", "BULLET::::- Class B - Consists mainly of the Rover V8 Tuscans and TVR road converted cars. Turbo cars up to 3.0 litres with less than 300 bhp (261 kW), normally aspirated cars between 3.0-5.0 litres and less than 300 bhp (261 kW). Aero currently allowed.\n", "BULLET::::- Class C - Consists mainly of the production based converted road cars such as stock 4.0L Rover V8 cars such as Chimearas/Griffiths and highly tuned V6 Race Tasmins. Normally aspirated cars up to 3.0 litres. Only the modified 4- or 6-cylinder and standard Rover V8 engine are eligible.\n", "Section::::Road going versions.\n", "The Tuscan was originally intended as a road car, and two road cars were produced and the sales brochures even printed. However, with the development of the Griffith and the success of the race series road car production ceased and it is thought the road cars were converted to racers to fill the demand.\n", "Despite this there was still a demand for road going Tuscan Racers and a number of owners have converted race cars for road use. These provide dramatic if fairly uncompromising road cars without the level of comfort and trim quality found in TVR road cars. The majority of these are converted racing cars and fewer have built them from scratch, just by sourcing the chassis and bodywork and adding the level of comfort to suit their needs.\n", "Conversions includes installation of a speedometer (as racing cars do not have them), changes to the lighting system, having the chassis powder-coated, relocating the fuel tank from the original driver's side to the rear of the car to allow for a passenger seat and conversions to protect the fuel cell in an event of an accident. Also installation of traction control is considered to be an option. However obtaining the car plus the prohibitive cost of conversion at £10,000 and the complication of the task makes finding such a model on a public road a rare find.\n", "Many of the converted Tuscans which house the AJP8 engines have engines that are commonly sourced from accident damaged Cerberas as race engines are leased by the factories, though its Rover V8s of the earlier cars can be easily sourced. Although with the end of factory backing for the race series the race engines have now all been sold and there is at least one road going Tuscan with a full race 4.5 AJP8 engine.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official race organisers of the Dunlop TVR European Challenge\n", "BULLET::::- Official Website for the Dunlop TVR European Challenge\n", "BULLET::::- TVRCC Challenge Cup\n", "BULLET::::- 1996 TVR Tuscan brochure details\n", "BULLET::::- Official BRSCC site\n", "BULLET::::- TVR TUSCAN CONVERTIBLE - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\n", "BULLET::::- Petrolheads: TVR Tuscan Racer\n", "BULLET::::- TVR Monster\n", "BULLET::::- Black Cat Racing\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "USS Seize (ARS-26)\n", "USS Seize (ARS-26) was a \"Diver\"-class rescue and salvage ship commissioned in the United States Navy during World War II. Her task was to come to the aid of stricken vessels.\n", "Section::::Ship's history in U.S. Navy.\n", "\"Seize\" was laid down on 28 September 1943 by the Basalt Rock Company in Napa, California; launched on 8 April 1944. \"Seize\" was sponsored by Mrs. Louis Perkins; and commissioned at Vallejo, California on 3 November 1944, LT Herman B. Conrad, USN, Commanding.\n", "Following repairs and shakedown, the ship reported for duty on 11 May 1945 at San Francisco, California. On 2 June 1945, \"Seize\" arrived off the entrance to Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii with three pontoon bridges in tow. Reporting to Service Force Squadron 2 for duty, \"Seize\" spent a busy first month in repairs, carrying out radar jamming experiments, patrolling, and towing.\n", "On 10 July 1945, she got underway for the Marshall Islands with \"APL-43\" in tow, arriving at Eniwetok on 22 Jul 1945. \"Seize\" departed Eniwetok on 4 August 1945, with \"PB-46\" in tow, accompanied by \"USS Avoyel (ATF-150)\" (later \"USCGC Avoyel (WMEC-150)\"). They reached Guam on 13 August 1945.\n", "On 14 August 1945, still towing \"PB-46\", \"Seize\" got underway in convoy for Okinawa Shima. Anchoring there on 22 August 1945, she was relieved of \"PB-46\" the next day, and assisted in salvaging \"USS Oberrender (DE-344)\" from 27 August to 11 September 1945.\n", "\"Seize\" departed Okinawa on 17 September 1945. Arriving by convoy at Shanghai, China two days later on 19 September 1945, the ship assisted port activity there by searching for a lost anchor, and aiding \"USS Waller (DD-466)\" in switching berths. On 10 October 1945, \"Seize\" departed Shanghai, China in company with \"PC-491\" for Pusan, Korea. After destroying two horned mines by gunfire en route, the ship reached Pusan, Korea on 13 October 1945 . Two similar mines were destroyed by \"Seize\" as she returned to Shanghai China on 16 October 1945.\n", "\"Seize\" worked along the Yangtze River in China, removing obstacles, salvaging, towing, and searching, for the remainder of the year. On 22 October 1945 en route to Kichow, China, the ship was fired upon by a machinegun near a small Yangtze River village. She returned fire with 40 millimeter and .50 caliber rounds, and proceeded on her way one half-hour later when all was quiet. One direct hit was received on her foremast and several ricocheted hits were found on the port side, but there was no other damage to the ship or injuries to the crew.\n", "On 26 and 28 January 1946, \"Seize\" replanted the mooring buoy at the Naval Seaplane Area at Lunghwa, China. On 11, 18, and 20 February 1946 and on 04, 07, 21, and 29 March 1946, \"Seize\" laid an undersea telephone cable from \"USS San Clemente (AG-79)\" to the U.S. Naval Operating Base, Shanghai China.\n", "\"Seize\" departed Chinese waters on 31 March 1946, anchoring at Yokosuka, Japan, on 4 April 1946. The ship picked up \"APL-31\" in tow on 8 April 1946, and set course for the Hawaiian Islands, arriving at Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii on 26 April 1946.\n", "\"Seize\" arrived at San Francisco, California, on 4 June 1946. Decommissioned and transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard on 28 June 1946, she was struck from the Navy list on 13 November 1946.\n", "Section::::Awards and honors.\n", "\"Seize’s\" crew was eligible for the following medals:\n", "BULLET::::- China Service Medal, (extended).\n", "BULLET::::- American Campaign Medal.\n", "BULLET::::- Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal.\n", "BULLET::::- World War II Victory Medal.\n", "BULLET::::- Navy Occupation Service Medal.\n", "BULLET::::- National Defense Service Medal.\n", "Section::::Ship's history in U.S. Coast Guard.\n", "USS \"Seize\" arrived at San Francisco on 4 June 1946. She was decommissioned and transferred to the United States Coast Guard on 28 June 1946, and was struck from the U.S. Naval Vessel Register on 13 November 1946.\n", "After refitting, she was commissioned USCGC \"Yocona\" (WAT-168), named after a river in Mississippi, and was stationed at Eureka, California and performed law enforcement, search and rescue, salvage and firefighting duties.\n", "In 1954 she transferred to Astoria, Oregon and berthed at the dock on Marine Drive in the city. Whilst in Astoria, Oregon she performed search and rescue, law enforcement, firefighting, fishery patrol, oceanographic surveys, and salvage duties. On 11 November 1955, 50 miles off Cape Lookout, Oregon in 60 to 70 miles-per-hour winds, she went to the rescue of the disabled and sinking FV \"Ocean Pride\". With the seas too heavy to launch lifeboats, the \"Yocona\" maneuvered alongside the fishing vessel close enough for the entire crew of thirteen to jump on board the cutter safely.\n", "On the night of 29 September 1959 she rescued ten survivors of a downed U.S. Navy P5M-2 Marlin seaplane that had ditched 110 miles off the Oregon coast. The \"Yocona\" was directed on-scene by a U.S. Coast Guard UF Albatross amphibian. This was a Broken Arrow incident in that a Betty depth bomb casing was lost with the Marlin and never recovered, although it was not fitted with a nuclear core.\n", "On 12 January 1961 \"Yocona\" participated in the search, rescue and recovery attempt of FV \"Mermaid\", CG-52301 the \"Triumph\", CG-36454 and CG-40564 off Peacock Spit at Cape Disappointment WA. The rescue effort involved five other Coast Guard boats and four Coast Guard aircraft. The \"Mermaid\" was lost with her crew of two. \"Triumph\" CG-52301, CG-36454 and CG-40564 were also lost and five Coastguardsmen perished.\n", "On 26 January 1965 she escorted the listing MV \"Elaine\" from 180 miles off Astoria to Tongue Point, Astoria Oregon. In 1965 \"Yocona\" was refitted and designated a Medium Endurance Cutter (WMEC-168). \"Yocona\" underwent a $500,000.00 refit; overhauled one main engine, one ship service generator, and upgraded every major engineering system. This 1965 upgrade greatly extended her service life.\n", "On 13 September 1969 her crew repaired the engine on the disabled FV \"Karre\" 300 miles southeast of Kodiak Island, Alaska. On 6 June 1970 she seized the South Korean FV \"Tae Yang 203\" and FV \"Tae Yang 205\" for a territorial waters violation off of Alaska.\n", "During the mid-1970s \"Yocona\" deployed five environmental buoys for U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from the Gulf of Alaska to San Diego, California. The buoys were designed to collect weather and sea data on station and relay the information via satellite to the National Weather Service center (NWS) in New Orleans, Louisiana. The buoy anchoring process was difficult due to the sea depth, which was miles. Most of the buoys were non-functional or lost within a year or two after deployment.\n", "In April, 1978, \"Yocona\" seized the MV \"Helena Star\" after \"Yocona's\" boarding team discovered ten tons of marijuana on board. The \"Helena Star\" was steaming in U.S. territorial waters whilst showing no flag, which precipitated the boarding.\n", "She was transferred to Kodiak, Alaska in August, 1983 for search and rescue, law enforcement, firefighting, fishery patrol, and salvage duties. On 19 January 1987 she towed the disabled FV \"Seattle Star\" to Unalaska Bay, Alaska. On 26 January 1987 she provided medical assistance to the FV \"Pacific Enterprise\". On 27 January 1987 she assisted the MV \"Tempest\" off Cape Pankoff after \"Tempest\" had an explosion. On 7 February 1987 she fought a fire aboard the FV \"Amatuli\" 45 miles east of Cape Pankoff, Alaska. On 8 February 1987 she assisted the FV \"Fukuyoshi Maru No 85\" On 20 August 1987 she apprehended the 66 foot FV \"Constitution\" in Peterson Bay, Alaska for using illegal fishing gear.\n", "While on a three-week Alaska Fisheries Patrol in February, 1988, she rescued the grounded FV \"Last Frontier\" at Constantine Harbor, Amchitka Island, Alaska. After first putting into U.S. Naval Air Station Adak to de-water her, she then towed the vessel to Dutch Harbor, Alaska.\n", "The next day, 28 February 1988, she fought a fire in the cargo hold of the fish processing ship \"Tempest\", which was anchored in Akutan Bay, Alaska. The USCGC Firebush (WLB-393) also responded; and an HC-130 Hercules dropped fire-fighting equipment to \"Yocona\". Thirty-nine of the 49 crewmen aboard \"Tempest\" were evacuated safely while the rest remained aboard to assist in fighting the fire. After 26 hours the fire was extinguished.\n", "In 1989 the \"Yocona\" was in Seward, Alaska helping with the clean-up of the SS \"Exxon Valdez\" oil spill. Whilst in port, some of the crew of USCGC Planetree (WLB-307) painted \"Yo Mama\" on \"Yocona's\" transom. This prank went un-noticed for several days, and \"Yocona\" endured this nickname for quite a while.\n", "\"Yocona\" conducted 153 law enforcement boardings. Fifty-six for boating, and eleven for Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act violations. In addition, \"Yocona\" continued to enforce U.S. immigration laws. \"Yocona\" performed 10 search and rescue missions which included a vessel saved from grounding. From lessons learned during Alaska patrol, \"Yocona\" provided input to the 17th Coast Guard District. This information was used for threat assessment planning, and improved intelligence products.\n", "In March 1995, \"Yocona\" earned the Pacific Area Cutter Achievement Award at San Diego, California with a final average 98% overall rating. In November 1995, \"Yocona\" participated in a fisheries law enforcement exchange with Russian Maritime Border Guard officers who were on a training visit in Kodiak, Alaska.\n", "On her last patrol prior to being decommissioned, \"Yocona\" was awarded her fifth Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation, with the Operational Distinguishing Device, for: \"\"exceptionally meritorious service while promoting Safety of Life at Sea and enforcing the complex Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act during the period of 19 May 1994 through 30 May 1996.\"\"\n", "After four years of U.S. Navy service, and fifty years of U.S. Coast Guard service, \"Yocona\" was decommissioned on 14 June 1996. In June 1999 \"Yocona\" was photographed by Mr Joe Lewis of the National Association Fleet Tug Sailors (NAFTS) tied up at the north side of Ford Island in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and was supposedly to be made a museum ship. \n", "The museum effort did not succeed and \"Yocona\" was returned to the U.S. Navy to be used as a naval gunnery target at Guam scheduled in 2006. \"Yocona\" was sunk during Fleet Exercises on 20 June 2006.\n", "Section::::Awards and honors.\n", "The \"Yocona\" was awarded the following unit decorations:\n", "BULLET::::- Coast Guard Unit Commendation with Operational Distinguishing Device and 4 Award stars. For the periods of:\n", "BULLET::::- 1 June 1977 to 31 May 1978.\n", "BULLET::::- 1 July 1979 to 1 May 1981.\n", "BULLET::::- 9 June 1983 to 11 June 1983.\n", "BULLET::::- 1 August 1992 to 18 May 1994.\n", "BULLET::::- 19 May 1994 to 30 May 1996.\n", "BULLET::::- Coast Guard Meritorious Unit Commendation with Operational Distinguishing Device and 3 Award stars. For the periods of:\n", "BULLET::::- 18 February 1988 – 29 February 1988.\n", "BULLET::::- 1 August 1988 – 1 August 1990.\n", "BULLET::::- 10 January 1989 – 12 January 1989.\n", "BULLET::::- 1 March 1991 – 1 May 1992.\n", "The crew of \"Yocona\" was authorized the following individual decorations:\n", "BULLET::::- National Defense Service Medal 2 awards, for service during the Korean and Viet Nam wars.\n", "BULLET::::- Humanitarian Service Medal 2 awards.\n", "BULLET::::- Special Operations Service Ribbon 2 awards.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of United States Navy ships\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- U.S. Department of Homeland Security. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. http://www.uscg.mil/history/default.asp Retrieved: 30 June 2015.\n", "BULLET::::- Cutter History File. USCG Historian's Office, USCG HQ, Washington, D.C.\n", "BULLET::::- Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.\n", "BULLET::::- Robert Scheina. \"U.S. Coast Guard Cutters & Craft of World War II\". Annapolis, Maryland: U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1982.\n", "BULLET::::- Robert Scheina. \"U.S. Coast Guard Cutters & Craft, 1946-1990\". Annapolis, Maryland: U.S.Naval Institute Press, 1990.\n", "BULLET::::- U.S. Department of Homeland Security. United States Coast Guard. \"Medals and Awards Manual\". COMDTINST M1650.25D. MAY 2008. http://www.uscg.mil/directives/cim/1000-1999/CIM_1650_25D.pdf Retrieved: 30 June 2015.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Basalt Rock Company Shipbuilding History\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7874004", "wikidata_label": "USS Seize", "wikipedia_title": "USS Seize (ARS-26)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Everett Public Library\n", "The Everett Public Library (EPL) serves the residents of Everett, Washington. EPL operates a main library at 2702 Hoyt Avenue and the Evergreen branch, at 9512 Evergreen Way. The main library overlooks Puget Sound and the southern end of Whidbey Island. The library has noteworthy artworks, including works by Dudley Pratt, Ransom Patrick, Guy Anderson, Jack Gunter, and Sonja Blomdahl. The library circulates over 900,000 items per year, provides exceptional book and media collections, reference services, on-line resources, in-home library services, and programs for adults, children and families. The library's staff includes specialists in adult reference, children's books, local history and career information. The Everett Public Library introduced a bookmobile service in May 1924; the first of its kind in Washington state, and the second in the West. It is also one of the few public library systems in the United States that has two full-time historians on staff, David Dilgard and Melinda Van Wingen. Historian Margaret Riddle retired after 31 years. \n", "They have produced one of the most robust digital local history collections ever produced by a public library.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The town of Everett had incorporated, then shortly afterward its growth was halted by the Panic of 1893. The Everett Public Library was created on June 10, 1894 by the Everett Woman's Book Club. On that day a group of local women met in the home of Mary Lincoln Brown to form the Book Club that would have as its aim the \"improvement of the mind through the study of literature\", but more specifically, the establishment of a public library.\n", "The initial collection of 1,000 books was donated by members of women's clubs across the country. Gathering books and petitioning City Council when funds were scarce, the Everett Woman's Book Club set up a temporary library in the home of a member, and in 1898 the city offered them three rooms in City Hall, and service began. The Club continued to work for permanent quarters, next moving to a small building, and in 1905 the Everett Public Library became a Carnegie library after it received a $25,000 Carnegie grant to design an official library for the city of Everett.\n", "Everett started the first bookmobile service in Washington state, and the second in the West in 1924. Nicknamed Pegasus, the Model T Ford remained in service until 1950. In 1992 the library re-acquired the vehicle, and began restoring it to as close to its original condition as possible. Now Pegasus participates in 4 July parades and other community events, and lays claim to being the world's oldest extant bookmobile.\n", "By 1930 Everett had outgrown the Carnegie building, but with the Great Depression there was little hope of a new building. Industrialist Leonard Howarth left a bequest to the city which was used to erect a new $100,000 library at 2702 Hoyt Avenue. Seattle architect Carl F. Gould designed the facility, which opened October 3, 1934.\n", "In 1962, the library expanded, doubling its shelving capacity. In 1981 an anonymous donor gave the library $75,000 to computerize its circulation, cataloging, and inventory systems. In 1985, the Evergreen Branch is opened, and in 1987 funding was approved to add an additional to the Main Library.\n", "In 1991 expansion of the Main Library was completed. This expansion was designed by the Cardwell/Thomas Architects and B. Craig Thompson of Dykeman Architects. The expansion won an award from the American Institute of Architects. Except for some exterior renovation, the building remains largely unchanged, at , shelving capacity for 250,000 volumes and a parking garage that can hold 115 vehicles.\n", "The original building, located at 3001 Oakes, still stands but no longer houses the library. Over the years, it has been used as a funeral parlor, housed Snohomish County executive offices, and other County functions. The 1905 building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\n", "Section::::Collections.\n", "Section::::Collections.:Digital collections.\n", "Digital collections include: \n", "BULLET::::- Everett massacre - 215 images including photographs, art work, oral histories and movies\n", "BULLET::::- Everett Herald - 131 images\n", "Section::::Directors.\n", "BULLET::::- Alice McFarland (later Alice Duryee), 1898–1900\n", "BULLET::::- Gretchen Hathaway, 1900–1907\n", "BULLET::::- Jessie B. Judd, Interim Librarian, 1907\n", "BULLET::::- Adelaide E. Wharton, 1907–1914\n", "BULLET::::- Mary Frank, 1914–1916 (reportedly the first trained librarian to hold the position)\n", "BULLET::::- Elizabeth Topping, 1916–1919\n", "BULLET::::- Mabel Ashley, 1919–1946\n", "BULLET::::- Fred M. Stephen, 1946–1949\n", "BULLET::::- Phil Blodgett, 1949–1973\n", "BULLET::::- Gary Strong, 1973–1976\n", "BULLET::::- Victoire Grassl, Interim director, 1976–1977\n", "BULLET::::- Mark Nesse, 1977–2007\n", "BULLET::::- Eileen Simmons, (a Library Journal 2007 \"Mover & Shaker\") 2007–2017\n", "BULLET::::- Abigail Cooley, 2017–present\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Everett Public Library's web site\n", "BULLET::::- Everett Public Library history\n", "BULLET::::- CONTENTdm Collection\n", "BULLET::::- Everett Public Library at \"LibraryTechnology.org\"\n", "BULLET::::- Everett Public Library building at 1934\n", "BULLET::::- Publications by the library, WorldCat\n", "BULLET::::- Everett Public Library, gallery of photos of art and architecture, by \"Cardwell Architects\", who restored and designed a major addition to the library\n", "BULLET::::- History of the Woman's Book Club\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Riga Zoo\n", "Riga Zoo is a city-owned zoo in Riga, Latvia. It is located in Mežaparks, on the western bank of Ķīšezers lake. Riga Zoo houses around 4000 animals of nearly 500 species and is visited by 250-300,000 visitors annually. The zoo has a branch \"Cīruļi\" in Liepāja District, Kalvene parish, established in 1996, it has an area of .\n", "Section::::History.\n", "In 1908 a society was established to coordinate the formation of the zoo, and in April 1911, of land was allocated for this purpose. The zoo was opened to the public on 14 October 1912; it housed 267 animals of 88 species at the time. Many animals were donated to the zoo; in 1914, the zoo received 538 animals.\n", "During World War I the zoo experienced hardships and closed in August 1917 after German army occupied Riga city; after the war a camp for children of low income families was established at the site. On 29 December 1932 a society was established, which renewed the zoo and it was reopened on 24 September 1933 housing 124 animals of 48 species; by 1938 number of species had increased to 106.\n", "During World War II the development of the zoo stalled; however, animals and buildings of zoo were preserved and on 9 November 1944 the zoo was opened to the public again. After the war, the zoo experienced rapid growth and was considered one of the best zoos in Soviet Union. In 1950, an aquarium was created and in 1955 a tour guide service was created. However, construction of new housing for the animals failed to match the growth of the zoo, new housing, such as a flamingo house and a bear house, were built in 1980-1985. In 1987, the zoo housed 2150 animals of 401 species. In 1988 the zoo began work on the reintroduction of the European tree frog; as a result, the species now can be found in the wild in many parts of Courland.\n", "After Latvia regained its independence in 1991, the zoo experienced hard times as the number of visitors, which had ranged from 250-300,000 visitors annually, was reduced to some 110,000. To attract visitors, the zoo began several development projects and worked on public relations and now the number of visitors is once again about 250-300,000 annually. In 1992, the zoo joined the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. In 1996 zoo established an affiliate \"Cīruļi\". Several new animal houses have been built in 1990s and 2000s. In 2002, an additional 0.035 km of land was incorporated into the zoo.\n", "Section::::Current development.\n", "The zoo offers various sponsorship options and states that it will accept any kind of sponsorship, except if it contradicts the goals of the zoo - humane handling of animals, no trading or hunting of wild animals - or promotes addiction-forming products. One can become an honorary guardian of an animal by donating 10 Latvian lats or more; by becoming a guardian, a person or company receives plaque inscribed with their name or logo placed next to the funded animal. Sponsors who have donated more than 500 lats also receive a plaque in a stand near the central entrance of zoo. If many sponsors have contributed to building of an animal house, a stand listing all sponsors may be place at the animal house in question. Sponsors who have contributed more than 50% of funding for animal house can also name the building.\n", "Section::::Research projects and conservation efforts.\n", "Riga Zoo enacts several scientific research and wild life conservation projects.\n", "Section::::Research projects and conservation efforts.:Monitoring of owl autumn migration.\n", "Owls are monitored since 1985 in Pape. The aim of the project is to collect information of owl migration in northern Europe and compare annual differences. Owls are trapped to determine their species, the number of young birds and other data. Birds are ringed and set free.\n", "Section::::Research projects and conservation efforts.:Reintroduction of European tree frog in Latvia.\n", "This project was started in 1988 in southwestern Courland, where a wildlife reserve was established for the purpose. The project aims to reintroduce the European tree frog, which had become extinct in Latvia decades before project begun. In 1988-1992 more than 4000 young frogs were released in wild; by 2001 about five generations of frogs had bred in the wild and 110 distinct frog colonies existed.\n", "Section::::Research projects and conservation efforts.:Vulture breeding project.\n", "A breeding complex was established in the zoo's affiliate \"Cīruļi\" in 2000. White-tailed eagles, lesser spotted eagles, peregrine falcons, barn owls and Eurasian eagle-owls are bred to reintroduce these species in Latvia and extend existing populations.\n", "Section::::Research projects and conservation efforts.:Research of lesser spotted eagle behaviour traits.\n", "As most studies of lesser spotted eagle in Latvia have been made to research their habitat range and population, this project aims to learn more about various habits of lesser spotted eagles by visually monitoring and recording their actions.\n", "Section::::Research projects and conservation efforts.:Entomology research.\n", "Riga Zoo researchers have participated in various entomology expeditions since 1989. In 1989-1993 expeditions were made to various places in the former Soviet Union (Ukraine, Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Southern Siberia, Primorsk, Sakhalin and Kunashir Island). Since 1994, Riga Zoo has participated in six expeditions to Vietnam, where ten new species have been found during these expeditions.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Čabulītis\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2984677", "wikidata_label": "Riga Zoo", "wikipedia_title": "Riga Zoo" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Western Avenue station (BNSF Railway)\n", "Western Avenue (also known as Western Avenue & 18th Place) is a station on Metra's BNSF Railway Line located in Pilsen neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The station consists of one side platform and one island platform for outbound and inbound trains. The station has no station house, though shelters are provided. Amtrak and BNSF Railway trains run on tracks parallel to the station. The station is away from Union Station along the railroad tracks.\n", "Western Avenue station is located near the Western station on the Cermak Branch of Chicago 'L''s Pink Line, as well as Western on the Blue Line's Congress branch. It is also located near an overpass for CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway and a BNSF Railway yard.\n", "Section::::Bus connections.\n", "CTA\n", "BULLET::::- 18 16th/18th\n", "BULLET::::- 49 Western (Owl Service)\n", "BULLET::::- X49 Western Express (weekday rush hours only)\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Western Avenue entrance from Google Maps Street View\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut\n", "The Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, also known as the Djeser-Djeseru ( \"Holy of Holies\"), is a mortuary temple of Ancient Egypt located in Upper Egypt. Built for the Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Hatshepsut, it is located beneath the cliffs at Deir el-Bahari on the west bank of the Nile near the Valley of the Kings. This mortuary temple is dedicated to Amun and Hatshepsut and is situated next to the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II, which served both as an inspiration and later, a quarry. It is considered one of the \"incomparable monuments of ancient Egypt.\"\n", "The Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw is responsible for the study and restoration of the three levels of the temple. As of early 1995, the first two levels were almost complete, and the top level was still under reconstruction.\n", "Section::::Architecture.\n", "Hatshepsut's chancellor, the royal architect Senenmut, oversaw the construction of the temple. Although the adjacent, earlier mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II was used as a model, the two structures are nevertheless significantly different in many ways. Hatshepsut's temple employs a lengthy, colonnaded terrace that deviates from the centralised structure of Mentuhotep’s model – an anomaly that may be caused by the decentralized location of her burial chamber. There are three layered terraces reaching 29.5 metres (97 ft) tall. Each story is articulated by a double colonnade of square piers, with the exception of the northwest corner of the central terrace, which employs proto-Doric columns to house the chapel. These terraces are connected by long ramps which were once surrounded by gardens with foreign plants including frankincense and myrrh trees. The temple incorporates pylons, courts, hypostyle, sun court, chapel and sanctuary.\n", "Section::::Relief and sculpture.\n", "The relief sculpture within Hatshepsut’s temple recites the tale of the divine birth of a female pharaoh – the first of its kind. The text and pictorial cycle also tell of an expedition to the Land of Punt, an exotic country on the Red Sea coast. While the statues and ornamentation have since been stolen or destroyed, the temple once was home to two statues of Osiris, a sphinx avenue as well as many sculptures of the Queen in different attitudes – standing, sitting, or kneeling. Many of these portraits were destroyed at the order of her stepson Thutmose III after her death.\n", "Section::::Astronomical alignment.\n", "The main and axis of the temple is set to an azimuth of about 116½° and is aligned to the winter solstice sunrise, which in our modern era occurs around the 21st or 22 December each year. The sunlight penetrates through to the rear wall of the chapel, before moving to the right to highlight one of the Osiris statues that stand on either side of the doorway to the 2nd chamber. A further subtlety to this main alignment is created by a light-box, which shows a block of sunlight that slowly moves from the central axis of the temple to first illuminate the god Amun-Ra to then shining on the kneeling figure of Thutmose III before finally illuminating the Nile god Hapi. Additionally, because of the heightened angle of the sun, around 41 days on either side of the solstice, sunlight is able to penetrate via a secondary light-box through to the innermost chamber. This inner-most chapel was renewed and expanded in the Ptolemaic era and has cult references to Imhotep, the builder of the Pyramid of Djoser, and Amenhotep, son of Hapu, the overseer of the works of Amenhotep III.\n", "Section::::Historical influence.\n", "Hatshepsut’s temple is considered the closest Egypt came to classical architecture. Representative of New Kingdom funerary architecture, it both aggrandizes the pharaoh and includes sanctuaries to honor the gods relevant to her afterlife. This marks a turning point in the architecture of ancient Egypt, which forsook the megalithic geometry of the Old Kingdom for a temple which allowed for active worship, requiring the presence of participants to create the majesty. The linear axiality of Hatshepsut’s temple is mirrored in the later New Kingdom temples. The architecture of the original temple has been considerably altered as a result of misguided reconstruction in the early twentieth century AD.\n", "Section::::Model of the temple complex.\n", "A walk-in model of the temple complex has been created since October 2016 in the freely available virtual world of Second Life. The main focus of this model is the overall architectural impression of the temples and gardens, but also some important murals of the Hatshepsut temple are shown (see links).\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Hatshepsut: from Queen to Pharaoh, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut (see index)\n", "BULLET::::- Temple of Hatshepsut free high resolution images\n", "BULLET::::- Polish-Egyptian Mission working in the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Scilla hyacinthoides\n", "Scilla hyacinthoides is a geophyte, native to the Middle East, though it was also brought to France by the Turks. Currently this plant is in the process of domestication as a cut flower in Israel due to its inflorescences. \n", "\"Scilla hyacinthoides\" is a bulb plant. It flowers in March - April with bluish-purple flowers on 50–80 cm high flowering stalks.\n", "Section::::Sources.\n", "BULLET::::- The Jerusalem Botanical Gardens site\n", "BULLET::::- Michael Zohary; Naomi Feinbrun-Dothan (1966-1986) Flora Palaestina\n", "BULLET::::- Witztum A.and Negbi M. (1991) Primary xylem of \"Scilla hyacinthoides\" (Liliaceae) - the wool-bearing bulb of Theophrastus. Economical Botany 45:97-102\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ōhara Station (Chiba)\n", "Section::::Lines.\n", "Ōhara Station is served by the JR East Sotobo Line and the Isumi Railway Company Isumi Line. Limited express \"Wakashio\" services from Tokyo to stop at this station. It is located 57.2 km from the starting point of the Sotobō Line at Chiba Station, and forms the eastern terminus of the Isumi Line.\n", "Section::::Station layout.\n", "The JR East station consists of one side platform and an island platform serving three tracks. The Isumi Railway has a single bay platform serving two tracks. The two station buildings are adjacent and are connected together.\n", "Section::::Station layout.:JR East platforms.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Ōhara Station opened on December 13, 1899, as the terminal station of the Bōsō Railway. On September 1, 1907, the Bōsō Railway was nationalized and became part of the Japanese Government Railways, which became the Japanese National Railways (JNR) after World War II.\n", "Freight operations were discontinued from February 1, 1984. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987. On March 24, 1988, the Kihara Line was split off from the JR East network to be operated by the third-sector Isumi Railway.\n", "Section::::Passenger statistics.\n", "In fiscal 2010, JR East's Ōhara Station was used by an average of 1,679 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).\n", "Section::::Surrounding area.\n", "BULLET::::- Isumi City Office\n", "BULLET::::- Ōhara Fishing Port\n", "BULLET::::- Ōhara High School\n", "BULLET::::- National Route 128\n", "BULLET::::- National Route 465\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of railway stations in Japan\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- JR East station information\n", "BULLET::::- Isumi Railway station information\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Umm Salal Mohammed\n", "Umm Salal Mohammed () is a town in the municipality of Umm Salal in Qatar. The town has numerous farms, wells and a large water reservoir which is filled during the rainy season.\n", "Section::::Geography.\n", "The town is bordered by Umm Salal Ali to the north, and Al Kharaitiyat to the south. Qatar's capital, Doha, is relatively close, located 21 km to the south. Other distances include Al Khor – 23 km to the north, Al Wakrah – 22.4 km to the south, Zubarah – 52 km to the northwest, and Dukhan – 65.2 km to the west.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Umm Salal Mohammed was initially founded around 1910 by its namesake, HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani. He designed and oversaw the construction of the town after he had decided to refurbish the Barzan Towers to serve as his winter residence as well as an outpost to scout for incoming Ottoman troops.\n", "Section::::Visitor attractions.\n", "Umm Salal Muhammad is a small town in the center of the country and is different from most of the other urban developments in Qatar. The historic Barzan Towers are located in Umm Salal Muhammad. The towers date back to 1895 and its enclosed site was excavated by a Danish archaeological team in 1958.\n", "Qatar's largest mall, Doha Festival City, was partially opened in Umm Salal Mohammed in April 2017. Valued at QR 6.4 billion, the mall will eventually have 540 retail stores covering an area of 244,000 m².\n", "Mohammed bin Jassim Park opened to the public in May 2015. It spans an area of 5,988 m² and features a cafeteria, children's play area and 13 different species of plants.\n", "Section::::Industry.\n", "Delta Doha Corporation, an oilfield equipment designer and manufacturer, was founded in the town in 1995 with its initial facilities being situated on a 9,000 m² plot of land.\n", "The town hosts Umm Salal Nursery, one of the region's most sizable plant nurseries. It has played an important role in Qatar's preparations to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, growing the turf and trees required for stadia and their surrounding areas. It is spread over an area of 880,000 m² and in February 2018 had within it 16,000 trees and about 679,000 shrubs.\n", "Section::::Transport.\n", "Currently, the elevated Umm Salal Mohammed Metro Station is under construction, having been launched during Phase 2A. Once completed, it will be part of Doha Metro's Green Line.\n", "Section::::Education.\n", "A number of private international schools have a presence in Umm Salal Mohammed, such as the Royal Grammar School, Guildford, which opened to students in September 2016, in addition to the Qatar Finland International School and the International School of London Qatar.\n", "Schools in Umm Salal Mohammed include:\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Umm Bab\n", "Umm Bab () is a settlement in Qatar, located in the municipality of Al-Shahaniya. It used to be part of the Al Rayyan municipality and before that was administered by Al Jemailiya municipality before the latter was incorporated into Al Rayyan. Umm Bab is well known locally for Al Khraij Beach, which is also known as 'Palm Tree Beach' owing to a small cluster of palm trees situated off the shoreline.\n", "Aside from accommodating Qatar's first major non-oil related industry in the form of a cement processing facility which began operation in 1969, there also exists minor oil and gas separation facilities within the settlement.\n", "Section::::Etymology.\n", "The settlement derived its name from local geographical features. Umm Bab translates to 'mother of gateway'. The 'gateway' portion of the name refers to a narrow path or opening in the area surrounded by two small hills which resemble a gateway.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "In 1948, shortly after the commencement of oil drilling operations in Dukhan, a housing village was built to the immediate south of Umm Bab to accommodate both Qatar Petroleum workers and locals of Umm Bab. A road was built the same year to connect Umm Bab and Dukhan. In 1961, the government inaugurated a boys school in the village. The housing village had approximately 50 households and a population of about 1,000 by 1990, most of which belonged to members of the Al Murrah tribe who were employed by Qatar Petroleum.\n", "Section::::Geography.\n", "Situated in western Qatar, Umm Bab is only 25 km away from the industrial city of Dukhan. It is 85 km west of the capital of Doha, 142 km southwest of Al Khor, and 100 km northwest of Al Wakrah. The Aswan Quarries are to its southeast.\n", "Umm Bab is situated on the Dukhan anticline, a group of folds which runs in a NNW to SSE direction parallel with the western coast.\n", "Inhabitants of the village of Umm Bab have aired their grievances to the government of negative health effects from living in such close proximity (within ) of the cement plant as a result of air pollution. Furthermore, much of the natural flora has been harmed by quarrying operations. At the clay quarry, about south of the village, incomplete excavation has resulted in a series of small hillocks topped with lone trees surrounded by excavated earth.\n", "Section::::Infrastructure.\n", "The Umm Bab Coastal Center was opened in May 2017 by The Ministry of Interior's General Directorate of Coasts and Borders Security. Included within this center is a seaport, administrative buildings, and a boat maintenance shop. It is intended to serve as the primary coastguard station for the directorate's Western District.\n", "Section::::Industry.\n", "Umm Bab is one of only two sites in Qatar from which large quantities of limestone and clay can be easily excavated, the other site being Umm Salal. Furthermore, north of Umm Bab is massive quantities of silica sand, which is used in the blending of cement and in construction. In 1965, the government capitalized on Umm Bab's rich natural resources by headquartering the Qatar National Cement Company in the area, approximately north from the village of Umm Bab. This decision also served as an impetus to develop Qatar's western region.\n", "The first processing of cement took place in 1969, and the factory received its water supply from Rawdat Rashed and its oil supply from Dukhan.\n", "An 85 km-long pipeline was built here in the 1940s and in December 1949 it facilitated the first oil export from Dukhan to Mesaieed.\n", "Section::::Transport.\n", "Concurrent with Qatar Petroleum's establishment of the housing village in Umm Bab in the late 1940s, the first paved road was built linking the village with Dukhan. In turn, the village was also connected to Doha through this same road.\n", "Section::::Archaeology.\n", "The archaeological site of Asaila is near Umm Bab. It was discovered by a French archaeological team that surveyed and excavated several sites in Qatar between 1976 and 1982. By 1981, the team had excavated Asaila. This site was revisited by a joint German–Qatari archaeological team which was formed in 2012. The artifacts recovered at the site indicate a human presence during the early Neolithic period, c. 8,000 years ago. Several other archaeological sites have been discovered near Umm Bab.\n", "In July 2018, a resident alerted archaeologists to the first inland rock art site in the country near Umm Bab. Rock samples were collected and are pending analysis on their dating.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "human settlement in Qatar", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3296219", "wikidata_label": "Umm Bab", "wikipedia_title": "Umm Bab" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ar Ru'ays\n", "Ar Ru'ays (), also spelled Al Ruwais, is a port town in the municipality of Al Shamal in Qatar. It is located on the northern tip of Qatar, approximately north of the capital Doha. Before the country's economic landscape was transformed from oil extraction, Al Ruwais was one of the most important fishing centers on the peninsula.\n", "The town is best known for Al Ruwais Port, the second-most important port in Qatar.\n", "Section::::Etymology.\n", "Ar Ru'ays translates to 'small head' in Arabic. It was so named because the town juts out into the sea relative to the land surrounding it.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Section::::History.:19th century.\n", "In the 1820s, George Barnes Brucks carried out the first British survey of the Persian Gulf. He recorded the following notes about Al Ruwais, which he referred to as \"Rooes\":\n", "A survey conducted by the British Hydrographic Office in 1890 describes Al Ruwais as \"a small town on the mainland, 2 ½ miles south of Ras Rakan; it has four towers on the fort, which is the first thing seen from the northward when making the land. They have many boats, which run in over the reef, and anchor in shelter close to the beach. The fort is visible 6 or 7 miles\".\n", "Section::::History.:20th century.\n", "At the start of the 20th century, Al Ruwais was described as such in J.G. Lorimer's \"Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf\":\n", "In an earlier 1904 transcript of Lorimer's \"Gazetteer\", he remarks that before 1856, roughly 100 inhabitants of the Bu Kuwara and Utub tribes resided in Al Ruwais, reiterating the details in G.B. Bruck's earlier survey.\n", "Al Ruwais became the second settlement outside of the capital Doha to construct a formal school in 1954. Throughout the 20th century it was considered the educational nucleus of northern Qatar.\n", "After Qatar earned its independence in 1971, Sheikh Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani assumed control of the newly-found state in February 1972. One of his main policies was the decentralization of Qatar's housing and major infrastructure projects. To promote growth in the northern settlements, he designated Al Ruwais a 'township' and launched several projects in it, including in 1972 the construction of the Al Ruwais Port.\n", "Section::::Geography.\n", "Situated along the northern coastline, Al Ruwais is bordered by the villages of Madinat ash Shamal and Abu Dhalouf to the immediate west. It is roughly northwest of the capital Doha, northwest of Fuwayrit, northeast of Zubarah, and northwest of Al Khor.\n", "Al Ruwais' coastal area is a popular destination due to its lush vegetation. In recent years, the Ministry of Municipality and Environment have embarked on campaigns to restore the mangroves that grow abundantly on its coast. Roughly 13 hectares of coastal mangroves are found in Al Ruwais.\n", "Section::::Geography.:Climate.\n", "The following is climate data for Ar Ru'ays obtained from the Qatar Statistics Authority.\n", "Section::::Architecture.\n", "One of the earliest harbor towns in Qatar, Al Ruwais accommodates what is believed to be the oldest surviving mosque in Qatar. Initially built around the 17th century, Ruwais Mosque was reconstructed in the 1940s. It is rectangular in shape, with an open courtyard, and can hold around 100 worshipers. The Ministry of Tourism and Al Shamal Municipality are coordinating to preserve the mosque and to promote it as a tourist attraction. From December 2014 to January 2015, archaeologists from the Qatar Museums Authority excavated the eastern portion of the mosque, unearthing pottery shards, animal bones and coins.\n", "Section::::Visitor attractions.\n", "Al Ruwais is a popular birdwatching spot.\n", "In May 2018, the Al Shamal Corniche was inaugurated in Al Ruwais. It features a -long promenade, 120 parking spots and 450 trees. Still to be developed facilities include a children's play area spanning .\n", "Section::::Infrastructure.\n", "A government complex housing a Ministry of Justice office was opened in Al Ruwais in July 2014.\n", "Section::::Infrastructure.:Al Ruwais Port.\n", "Ashghal (The Public Works Authority) announced in April 2009 that it would be accepting bids from contractors for three stages of construction on Al Ruwais Port, which would include a 10,000 square meter built up area. Another initiative to develop port infrastructure was the Al Ruwais Port development project, which had the stated aim of transforming Al Ruwais Port into northern Qatar's pathway to the world and was formally launched in January 2015 by Prime Minister Abdullah bin Nasser Al Thani. It was reported that, in June 2017, Al Ruwais Port had 57 ships with an overall capacity reaching 10,745 tons.\n", "Mwani Qatar, the authority overseeing the port, established a 77,000 square meters truck parking lot with 285 spaces near Al Ruwais Port. It became fully operational in March 2018.\n", "In December 2018, Mwani, the port authority, officially launched the second phase of the development project started four years prior. As part of this phase, it will undergo a 156,000 m² expansion, nearly tripling its capacity. It was announced that after the completion of the first phase, Al Ruwais Port was capable of exchanging up to 20,000 containers per year, up from 1,000 containers per year prior to the phase's completion. It is expected that by 2020 the port will have 300 additional berths.\n", "Al Ruwais Port is a shallow-water port and can host small vessels up to 100 m LOA with max draft of 4.8 m.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Al Ruwais" ] }, "description": "human settlement in Qatar", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3298589", "wikidata_label": "Ar Ru'ays", "wikipedia_title": "Ar Ru'ays" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Grosse-Île, Quebec\n", "Grosse-Île is one of two municipalities forming the urban agglomeration of Îles-de-la-Madeleine in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine region and the population is 490 as of the Canada 2011 Census.\n", "As part of a municipal reorganization across Quebec, the seven communities of the Magdalen Islands amalgamated to form the municipality of Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine on January 1, 2002. However, after a 2004 referendum, Grosse-Île decided to split from the municipality, effective January 1, 2006.\n", "Located on Grosse Île (French for \"Big Island\") between Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine's villages of Grande-Entrée (south) and House Harbour (southwest), it was settled during the late 18th century by Scots. French-speaking people would come and establish themselves just after, as seen by a Catholic parish founded in 1793. Today, Grosse-Île remains one of three communities of the archipelago to be predominantly English-speaking, the other being Entry Island and Old Harry (a hamlet part of Grosse-Île on Big Entry Island).\n", "Section::::Tourism.\n", "The islands are a unique space in the middle of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, offering visitors beautiful natural landscapes sculpted by the waves and the wind alongside a cultural heritage original:\n", "BULLET::::- Grosse Ile holds one of the longest and most pristine beaches of the Magdalen Islands\n", "BULLET::::- Nature walks in the East Point Wildlife Reserve\n", "BULLET::::- Sail, wind surfing, and kite surfing\n", "BULLET::::- Sea Kayaking\n", "BULLET::::- Horse riding\n", "BULLET::::- Taste the local products\n", "BULLET::::- Visiting local museums\n", "BULLET::::- Experience local culture through Summer cultural festivals\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of municipalities in Quebec\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Commission de toponymie du Québec\n", "BULLET::::- Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Grosse-Ile" ] }, "description": "municipality in Quebec, Canada", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3117046", "wikidata_label": "Grosse-Île", "wikipedia_title": "Grosse-Île, Quebec" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Peerie Bard\n", "Perie Bard is one of the Shetland Islands. It is a small islet off the east coast of the island of Mousa.\n", "Although named 'Perie Bard' on OS Maps, the name used in Shetland is \"Peerie Bard\".\n", "The name is derived from the Shetland dialect words 'Peerie', meaning small, and 'Bard', meaning steep headland. The Muckle Bard, or large steep headland, is located on neighbouring Mousa.\n", "The Mousa Lighthouse is located on the Peerie Bard. The lighthouse was first lit in 1951 and replaced one which had previously been located on the nearby headland of Noness\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of lighthouses in Scotland\n", "BULLET::::- List of Northern Lighthouse Board lighthouses\n", "br\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Northern Lighthouse Board\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "island in United Kingdom", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7160438", "wikidata_label": "Peerie Bard", "wikipedia_title": "Peerie Bard" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Varuni\n", "Varuni, also known as Varunani and Jaldevi, is the consort of Varuna, often depicted with her husband. She is goddess of wine. She is described in Rigveda.\n", "According to the legend, Varuni was married to Varuna after she came out of the Samudra manthan, during the churning of the amṛta.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Encyclopedia for Epics of Ancient India, accessed 13 May 2006\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- A Wisdom Archive on Varuni\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "female given name", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q4104034", "wikidata_label": "Varuni", "wikipedia_title": "Varuni" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Brush Park\n", "The Brush Park Historic District, frequently referred to as simply Brush Park, is a 22-block neighborhood located within Midtown Detroit, Michigan and designated by the city. It is bounded by Mack Avenue on the north, Woodward Avenue on the west, Beaubien Street on the east, and the Fisher Freeway on the south. The Woodward East Historic District, a smaller historic district completely encompassed by the larger Brush Park neighborhood, is located on Alfred, Edmund, and Watson Streets, from Brush Street to John R. Street, and is recognized by the National Register of Historic Places.\n", "Originally part of a French ribbon farm, Brush Park was developed beginning in the 1850s as an upscale residential neighborhood for Detroit's elite citizens by entrepreneur Edmund Askin Brush. Dozens of Victorian mansions were built there during the final decades of the nineteenth century, and Brush Park was nicknamed \"Little Paris\" due to its elegant architecture. The neighborhood's heyday didn't last long, however: by the early twentieth century most of is affluent residents started moving to more modern, quieter districts, and Brush Park was quickly populated by members of Detroit's fast-growing working class. Severely affected by depopulation, blight and crime during the 1970s and 1980s, the neighborhood is currently experiencing restorations of its historic buildings and luring new residents.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Section::::History.:Early years.\n", "The land now occupied by the Brush Park district was originally part of a ribbon farm dating back to the French colonial period, initially conceded by Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois to Laurence Eustache Gamelin for military services on May 1, 1747. The farm had a frontage of two arpents (about 386 feet) on the Detroit River, and extended back into the interior eighty arpents; it was bounded on the west by the Commons (\"Domaine du Roy\"), and on the east by the farm of Jean Baptiste Beaubien. After the death of its second owner, Jacques Pilet, the farm was acquired by the prominent Barthe family, and in the late eighteenth century John Askin, an Irish fur trader and land speculator, obtained it through marriage with Marie-Archange Barthe. In 1802 Askin's daughter Adelaide married Elijah Brush, a Vermont lawyer who would soon become Detroit's second mayor from its first incorporation; on October 31, 1806, Elijah purchased the farm – legally designated as \"Private Claim 1\" – for $6000.\n", "Beginning in the 1850s, entrepreneur Edmund Askin Brush, son of Elijah, began developing his family's property, located conveniently close to downtown, into a neighborhood for Detroit's elite citizens. The first street, named after Colonel John Winder, was opened in 1852; the other streets followed soon afterwards, and were mainly named after members of the Brush family (Adelaide, Edmund, Alfred, Eliot). The area was developed with care: the land directly facing Woodward Avenue was subdivided into large and expensive lots, soon occupied by religious buildings and opulent mansions rivaling those built along East Jefferson Avenue and West Fort Street, while the land to the east was partitioned into relatively smaller, fifty feet wide parcels; severe restrictions required the construction of high-end, elegant mansions, giving a uniform and exclusive character to the neighborhood. In the late 19th century, Brush Park became known as the \"Little Paris of the Midwest.\"\n", "Architects who designed these mansions included Henry T. Brush, George D. Mason, George W. Nettleton, and Albert Kahn. Homes were built in Brush Park beginning in the 1860s and peaking in the 1870s and 1880s; one of the last homes built was constructed in 1906 by Albert Kahn for his personal use. Other early residents of Brush Park included lumber baron David Whitney Jr. and his daughter, Grace Whitney Evans; businessman Dexter M. Ferry; Joseph L. Hudson, founder of the eponymous department store; Fulton Iron Works founder Delos Rice; lumber baron Lucien S. Moore; banker Frederick Butler; merchant John P. Fiske; Dime Savings Bank president William Livingstone Jr.; and dry goods manufacturer Ransom Gillis.\n", "In the 1890s the character of the subdivision began to change, as many prominent members of the local German Jewish community moved to Brush Park; this period of the neighborhood's history is recorded by the neoclassical Temple Beth-El, designed by Albert Kahn for the Reform Congregation and constructed in 1902. Around the same time, Brush Park saw the construction of its first apartment buildings. One of the neighborhood's earliest examples of this type of structure was the Luben Apartments, built in 1901 by architect Edwin W. Gregory and demolished in 2010. The Luben featured large and sumptuous units, and its elaborate limestone façade blended with those of the surrounding mansions; however, the construction of apartment buildings undoubtedly represented a decrease in the quality of Brush Park's building stock.\n", "Section::::History.:Decline.\n", "The neighborhood began to decline at the turn of the 20th century, when the advent of streetcars and then automobiles allowed prosperous citizens to live farther from downtown: early residents moved out, notably to up-and-coming districts such as Indian Village and Boston–Edison, and Brush Park became less fashionable. The Woodward Avenue frontage rapidly lost its residential character, as the lavish mansions were demolished to make way for commercial buildings; throughout the subdivision, homes were converted to apartments or rooming houses – often with the construction of two- and three-story rear additions – to accommodate workers of the booming automobile industry, and dozens of structures were razed for surface parking lots. By 1921, all of the homes on Alfred Street were apartments or rooming houses.\n", "By the 1930s many African Americans had moved into the area; as a result, Brush Park became home to a vibrant black community, together with the nearby Black Bottom–Paradise Valley area. African American institutions located in Brush Park included St. Peter Claver, the first Catholic parish for African Americans in Detroit, established in 1914 in the former St. Mary's Episcopal church at Beaubien and Eliot; the Most Worshipful Mt. Sinai Grand Lodge, a black masonic lodge located at 312 Watson; and the Mercy General Hospital and Clinic. Mercy Hospital was the first black-owned hospital in Detroit; founded by Dr. David Northcross in 1917, it was originally located at 248 Winder Street, and later relocated to 668 Winder.\n", "The Great Depression and the racial tensions of the 1940s (part of the 1943 race riot took place in the streets of Brush Park) led to a rapid deterioration of the neighborhood. Longtime resident Russell McLauchlin described Brush Park's decline in the preface to his book \"Alfred Street\" (1946):\n", "[Alfred Street] is now in what city-planners call a blighted area. The elms were long ago cut down. No representative of the old neighborfamilies remains. The houses, mostly standing as they stood a half-century ago, are dismal structures. Some have night-blooming grocery stores in their front yards. Some have boarded windows. All stand in bitter need of paint and repair. It is a desolate street; a scene of poverty and chop-fallen gloom; possibly of worse things.\n", "Starting in the 1960s, many of the buildings became unoccupied and fell into disrepair; however, the neighborhood maintained much of its historical integrity, and some attempts were made to preserve it. The first serious redevelopment plan in Brush Park's history was the Woodward East Renaissance project, planned to be completed in 1976, America's bicentennial year. The ambitious plan included restoring the surviving historic mansions and erecting modern residential buildings on the empty lots, but it was left unrealized due to disorganization. The area bounded by Alfred, Brush, Watson, and John R. Streets, named Woodward East Historic District, was designated a Michigan State Historic Site on September 17, 1974, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 1975; the larger Brush Park Historic District, bounded by Woodward, Mack, Beaubien, and the Fisher Freeway, was established by the City of Detroit on January 23, 1980. Despite these attempts to save what was left of the neighborhood's historic character, by the 1980s Brush Park had gradually fallen into a state of \"nearly total abandonment and disintegration,\" gaining a poor reputation as one of Detroit's most derelict areas. Abandoned buildings became targets for vandals and arsonists: as a result, dozens of structures were demolished by the City for security reasons. During the 19th century, around 300 homes were built in Brush Park, including 70 Victorian mansions; at present, about 80 original structures remain in the area. Notable buildings that were demolished include the Woodward Avenue Baptist Church (1887), razed in 1986, and St. Patrick Catholic Church (1862), destroyed by fire in 1993.\n", "Section::::History.:Revival.\n", "Brush Park's revival began in the 1990s and has since accelerated. New condominiums have been built in the southern part of the district, near the Fisher Freeway, and a number of the older mansions have been restored. Several other historic houses have been stabilized and \"mothballed\" by the City of Detroit between 2005 and 2006, on the occasion of the Super Bowl XL played at the nearby Ford Field. A handful of other buildings still remain in a state of complete neglect, and are threatened with demolition.\n", "The French Renaissance style William Livingstone House (1894) on Eliot Street was one of Kahn's first commissions. The Red Cross intended to demolish the mansion, originally located west of John R. Street, to make way for their new building. Preservationists succeeded in successfully moving the Livingstone House about one block to the east. Nevertheless, after this change of position some serious structural problems concerning the house's foundations caused the gradual collapse of the building. Artist Lowell Bioleau commemorated the William Livingstone House in a painting entitled \"Open House\" which he unveiled the day of its demolition September 15, 2007, underscoring preservationist efforts.\n", "On May 10, 2014, the historic First Unitarian Church caught fire under suspicious circumstances and was consequently demolished. The building, which was designed by Donaldson and Meier and dated back to 1890, represents one of the greatest losses in Brush Park's recent history, since it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\n", "Section::::Education.\n", "Brush Park is within the Detroit Public Schools district. Residents are zoned to Spain Elementary School for K-8, while they are zoned to Martin Luther King High School (9-12) for high school.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "Notes\n", "Bibliography\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Revitalization in Brush Park\n", "BULLET::::- Dan Gilbert plans 337 new townhouses and apartments for Brush Park.—Detroit Free Press, May 7, 2015\n", "BULLET::::- Detroit’s First Major Residential Development in Decades Blends Historic Preservation and New Construction in Brush Park.—City of Detroit, Press Release May 6, 2015\n", "BULLET::::- Detroit Announces Plan to Preserve Iconic Brewster Wheeler Rec Center and Start Rebuilding Historic Neighborhood.—City of Detroit, Press Release April 14, 2015\n", "BULLET::::- More higher-end apartments planned for Midtown, \"The Scott @ Brush Park\".—Detroit Free Press, March 23, 2015\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "human settlement in Detroit, Michigan, United States of America", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q4979695", "wikidata_label": "Brush Park Historic District", "wikipedia_title": "Brush Park" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Hemingbrough\n", "Hemingbrough is a small village and civil parish in the Selby district of North Yorkshire, England that is located approximately from Selby and from Howden on the A63. The village has a 12th-century former collegiate church (Hemingbrough Minster), a Methodist chapel and shops. The village also has a primary school and nursery as well as a playing field for the local children. The surrounding area makes up part of the Humberhead Levels and is flat land mainly used for mixed agriculture. It is thought that from this village came Walter of Hemingbrough, one of Britain's early chroniclers. Writing in the 14th century, he gave us a history beginning with the Norman conquest, now in the British Museum.\n", "Robert de Hemmingburgh, a royal clerk who became Master of the Rolls in Ireland, was born here in the late thirteenth century. Nicholas Bubbewyth, a chancery clerk who became successively, Master of the Rolls, Keeper of the Privy Seal, Lord High Treasurer of England, and Bishop of London, Bishop of Salisbury and Bishop of Bath and Wells, was born in Menthorpe.\n", "In 1989 Caron Keating and Blue Peter visited the village to replace the cockerel on the top of the church spire which had been damaged for several years.\n", "In February 2014, Hemingbrough Parish Council were awarded funds from the Heritage Lottery Fund to help raise awareness of the historical heritage within Hemingbrough Parish to benefit the local community. \n", "Section::::History and overview.\n", "The toponym is of uncertain origin. The place is mentioned in the Knýtlinga saga, and the name may be the \"burh\" of a Viking named \"Hemingr\". Alternative explanations are that it was the burh of the followers of a man called Hema, or the burh by the fish-weir (Old English \"hemming\").\n", "In the Middle Ages the village was in the Ouse and Derwent wapentake of the East Riding of Yorkshire. At that time the village was on the River Ouse, but at some point the river broke through a meander leaving the village some distance from the river. Hemingbrough was a large parish, and included the townships of Barlby, Osgodby, Cliffe with Lund, South Duffield, Brackenholme with Woodhall and Menthorpe with Bowthorpe. All these townships became separate civil parishes in 1866. In 1935 the civil parish of Hemingbrough absorbed the civil parish of Brackenholme with Woodhall.\n", "In 1974 Hemingbrough was transferred from the East Riding to the new county of North Yorkshire.\n", "The village holds a very popular summer fete replete with floats on lorries and tractor trailers. There is a memorial garden which the Archbishop of York Dr John Sentamu visited in April 2016.\n", "Section::::History and overview.:St Mary the Virgin Church.\n", "The village has a 12th-century church, called St Mary the Virgin, which has served as a Minster to this area until the dissolution of the monasteries. It has a spire, added in the 15th century, which allows it to dominate the plain. Its importance lies in the woodwork and carvings in the church and it has oldest recorded misericord in the country.\n", "Section::::Governance.\n", "An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward includes Cliffe and surrounding areas with a total population taken at the 2011 Census of 4,098.\n", "Section::::Notable residents.\n", "BULLET::::- Jeremiah Smith (Royal Navy officer) (died 1675)\n", "BULLET::::- Nigel Cumberland - Author, who lived in the village during his schooling years\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Hemingbrough Parish Council website\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Hemingbrough, North Yorkshire" ] }, "description": "village in United Kingdom", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2394869", "wikidata_label": "Hemingbrough", "wikipedia_title": "Hemingbrough" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Backnang Abbey\n", "The Abbey of Saint Pancras of Backnang, better known as Backnang Abbey (), was a German monastery of canons regular founded around AD 1100 in Backnang, in the Duchy of Swabia.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The abbey was founded before 1116 by Herman I, Margrave of Baden, and his wife, Countess Judith of Backnang-Sulichgau. Pope Paschal I confirmed the foundation in 1116. As early as 1123, though, the monastery had to be revived by their son, Margrave Herman II, with the help of canons from in Alsace.\n", "Between 1123 and 1243, the abbey was the burial place of the Zähringen Margraves of Baden, a connection which brought much influence and prosperity.\n", "Backnang's geographical position exposed it, from the 13th century onwards, to attack by the Counts of Württemberg, and for this reason in 1243 Margravine Irmengard transferred the remains of her husband Hermann V of Baden to her foundation of Lichtenthal Abbey in the town of Baden-Baden.\n", "In 1297, possession of Backnang passed to Württemberg. In 1366, Count Eberhard II of Württemberg succeeded in gaining control of the abbey's finances. In 1477, it was changed into a secular collegiate chapter, with the approval of Pope Sixtus IV. \n", "In 1535, as part of the Protestant Reformation, the community was dissolved. The canons of Backnang, however, by making a complaint to Emperor Charles V, obtained permission to reoccupy it, which they did in 1551. The last of them died in 1593, when the house was finally suppressed.\n", "The abbey church (\"Stiftskirche\") still stands in Backnang.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", " Klosterbuch Baden Württemberg über das Stift Backnang\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "City Hall (Cambridge, Massachusetts)\n", "The Cambridge, Massachusetts City Hall is the city hall for Cambridge, Massachusetts, located at 795 Massachusetts Avenue, and built in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. The building additionally serves as a centerpiece of the surrounding City Hall Historic District and adjacent Central Square Historic District.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The hall was built between 1888–1889, and was largely funded through a donation from Frederick Hastings Rindge. The architects were Longfellow, Alden & Harlow (Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow, Jr., 1854–1934; Frank E. Alden, 1859–1908; and Alfred B. Harlow, 1857–1927). The building is three stories tall, with a bell tower that rises to 158 feet. Load-bearing stone walls are of Milford granite trimmed with Longmeadow brownstone.\n", "Cambridge City Hall houses offices for the city council, the city manager and several municipal departments. In addition to the main building, the city of Cambridge also houses several other departments a couple of city blocks away in the City Hall Annex, located at Broadway and Inman Street.\n", "On May 17, 2004, shortly after midnight, the first legal applications in the United States for marriage licenses for same-sex couples were issued at Cambridge City Hall. At 9:15 a.m. that day, the Cambridge City Clerk began solemnizing same-sex marriages. \"See\" same-sex marriage in Massachusetts.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official page for city of Cambridge\n", "BULLET::::- Datasheet at Towerclocks.org\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Streetwalkers\n", "Streetwalkers were an English rock band formed in late 1973 by two former members of Family, vocalist Roger Chapman and guitarist John \"Charlie\" Whitney. They were a five piece band which evolved from the Chapman Whitney Band.\n", "The band was managed by Michael Alphandary and Harvey Goldsmith and were best known for their live performances and their album \"Red Card\" (1976). By 1977 their potential to become more important in UK rock history was diminished by changing musical taste, due to the growing influence of punk rock and new wave music on European culture. The band had success in USA and Europe, particularly Germany.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Section::::History.:1973 \"Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers\" the album.\n", "Chapman and Whitney signed to the Reprise label in 1973 and recorded \"Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers\" (1974) with a lineup including other members of Family (co-founder Ric Grech on bass, former bassists John Wetton and Jim Cregan providing bass and backing vocals and backing vocals respectively) and King Crimson (Wetton, plus saxophonist Mel Collins and drummers Ian Wallace and Michael Giles). When writing about the album for Allmusic, Patrick Little commented: During this period keyboard player Blue Weaver appeared with them at concerts, such as the Reading Festival in the summer of 1974. Bobby Tench from The Jeff Beck Group and Hummingbird was also featured in their fluid, informal touring band line up and appeared at concerts such as in Hyde Park, London, the same year\n", "Section::::History.:Concert billing, Rockpalast, Streetwalkers formation and Downtown Flyers.\n", "After recording the album \"Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers\", Chapman and Whitney changed the name of their band to Streetwalkers and Tench joined them as an official band member, when they signed to Phonogram Inc. in 1975. Tench was joined by drummer Nicko McBrain, who would later join Iron Maiden and bass player Jon Plotel. They had previously appeared on a European broadcast for the German TV show Rockpalast with Chapman and Whitney earlier the same year, billed as The Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers. The band's first album, \"Downtown Flyers\" (1975) was released in both USA and Europe but did not achieve the anticipated success in USA, although interest in Europe was more encouraging.\n", "Section::::History.:Red Card, stadium concerts.\n", "Their second studio album, the groove heavy album \"Red Card\" (1976) reached #16 in UK album charts and remains a much respected album. The band performed at a series of concerts entitled Who Put The Boot In appearing at UK Football stadiums, during May and June 1976. The billing for these concerts included The Sensational Alex Harvey Band, Little Feat, Outlaws, Widowmaker (UK) and Streetwalkers were the second act to appear. The band also toured the U.S as support to others such as Wings, 10cc and Joe Cocker.\n", "Section::::History.:John Peel sessions, final Rockpalast appearance.\n", "On 12 June 1976 they made their first appearance for John Peel on his \"Peel Sessions\" recorded by BBC radio, with the line-up of Chapman, Whitney, Tench, Plotel and McBrain and were featured by Peel once more as a \"Peel session\", on 14 March 1977. On 19 April the same year, they made their final appearance on \"Rockpalast\", with a line-up which included Chapman, Whitney, Tench, keyboardist Brian Johnstone, bassist Mickey Feat and drummer David Dowle who later joined Whitesnake.\n", "Section::::History.:Vicious But Fair and breakup of band.\n", "By the time their third and final studio album \"Vicious But Fair\" (1977) was released, Vertigo had shifted their commercial emphasis to the musical trends of punk rock and new wave music. The euphoria surrounding the band began to diminish and the potential of becoming more established in Europe evaporated. \"Streetwalkers Live\" (1977) was their final album and included a rough and ready compilation of poorly recorded tracks, probably released to comply with contractual obligations. In his review of this album for Allmusic, John Dougan mentions the poor quality of the recording and states that: \"Chapman tears off a few soulful moments and it can rock\". By now the band had broken up and Tench moved on to work with Van Morrisson, along with Feat.\n", "Section::::Band members.\n", "Section::::Band members.:Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers musicians 1973-1974.\n", "BULLET::::- Roger Chapman - harmonica, percussion and vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Charlie Whitney - guitar and steel guitar\n", "BULLET::::- Bobby Tench - guitar, vocals, percussion, keyboards\n", "BULLET::::- Max Middleton - keyboards\n", "BULLET::::- Michael Giles - drums\n", "BULLET::::- Ian Wallace - drums\n", "BULLET::::- Ric Grech - bass\n", "BULLET::::- John Wetton - bass and vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Poli Palmer - vibraphone and background vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Blue Weaver - keyboards\n", "BULLET::::- Tim Hinkley - keyboards and vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Neil Hubbard - guitar\n", "BULLET::::- Mel Collins - saxophone, clarinet, bass clarinet\n", "BULLET::::- Boz Burrell - vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Jim Cregan - vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Linda Lewis - background vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Godfrey McLean - percussion\n", "Section::::Band members.:Streetwalkers musicians 1975-1977.\n", "BULLET::::- Roger Chapman - harmonica, percussion and vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Charlie Whitney - guitar, keyboards, slide guitar\n", "BULLET::::- Bobby Tench - guitar, vocals, percussion, keyboards\n", "BULLET::::- Jon Plotel - bass and background vocals\n", "BULLET::::- Micky Feate - bass\n", "BULLET::::- Nicko McBrain - percussion and drums\n", "BULLET::::- David Dowle - drums\n", "BULLET::::- Brian Johnson - keyboards\n", "Section::::Albums.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers\" Reprise K 54017UK/Mercury USA (1974)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Downtown Flyers\" Vertigo 6360 123 (1975)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Red Card\" Vertigo 9102 010 UK/Mercury USA (1976). Reached #16 in UK album chart\n", "BULLET::::- \"In Concert BBC\" (1975)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Vicious But Fair\" Vertigo 9102 012UK/Mercury USA (1977)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Live Streetwalkers\" Vertigo 6641 703 (1977)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Best of Streetwalkers\" Vertigo 846 661 2(1991)\n", "Section::::Albums.:Re-issues.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Red Card\" Repertoire REP 4147-WP CD (2002)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Downtown Flyers\" BGO (2002)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Vicious but Fair\" See for Miles SEECD 352(1994)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Live at the BBC\" Windsong 61 (1994)\n", "BULLET::::- \"Streetwalkers Live\" BGO (2004)\n", "Section::::Albums.:Compilations.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Red Card/Vicious but Fair\" BGO BGOCD 606 (2005)\n", "Section::::Albums.:Singles.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Roxianna\"/\"Crack\" Reprise K14357 (1974) taken from Chapman-Whitney Streetwalkers album\n", "BULLET::::- \"Raingame\"/\"Miller\" Vertigo 6059 130 (1975) taken from Downtown Flyers album\n", "BULLET::::- \"Daddy Rolling Stone\"/\"Hole In Your Pocket\"\" Vertigo 6059 144 (1976) taken from Red Card album\n", "BULLET::::- \"Chilli Con Carne\"/\"But You're Beautiful\"\" Vertigo Europe from Vicious but Fair album\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Joynson, Vernon. \"The Tapestry of Delights - The Comprehensive Guide to British Music of the Beat, R&B, Psychedelic and Progressive Eras 1963-1976\". Borderline (2006). Reprinted 2008.\n", "BULLET::::- Roberts, David. \"British Hit Singles & Albums (19th edition)\". London: Guinness World Records Limited(2006). .\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Chapman Whitney Streetwalkers and Streetwalkers at Rockpalast WDR Studio-L Köln 1975 and 1977\n", "BULLET::::- [ Streetwalkers] discography at Allmusic\n", "BULLET::::- Streetwalkers Crawfish. Live at Rockpalast March 25, 1975 at NME.com\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "n English rock band formed in late 1973", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q383002", "wikidata_label": "Streetwalkers", "wikipedia_title": "Streetwalkers" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Honda XL250\n", "Honda XL250 is a four-stroke motorcycle from Honda introduced in 1972 and manufactured through most of the 1980s. When it appeared it was the first modern four-stroke enduro motorcycle and the first mass-produced four-valve motorcycle. (The first four-valve single was the Ricardo Triumph four-valve of the 1920s, and the first four-valve engine was the Indian 8-valve V2 racer of 1911.)\n", "The XL250, and the later XL350, laid the groundwork for the revolutionary big modern four-stroke-enduro wave.\n", "The XL250 is an \"enduro\" or dual-sport bike meaning it physically looks like a dirt bike, and shares many characteristics with a dirt bike, but it is street-legal and intended for on- and off-road use. The bike is completely mechanically operated as there are no hydraulics on the bike. The 250cc 4-stroke motor produces 24 horsepower at the wheel. The bike weighs 288 lbs with oil, grease, and petrol. Fuel capacity is 2.4 gallons (9.5 litres). Demand for this model has remained high among collectors and enthusiasts. An interesting observation with the XL250s models was their narrow streamlining, being only 12 inches at their widest point excluding the handlebars.\n", "The 1980 Xl250 introduced few changes, however during its production the rear chain tensioner was added.\n", "The 1981 XL250S was the last year to have the unique 23-inch front wheel, rear twin shock, and 6-volt electrical system. It also had upgraded rear brakes in a larger hub and a modified 5 plate clutch, and handsome twin speedo and tacho gauges in the Australian, continental variants. In 1982, the engine had the balancing shaft gear driven rather than chain driven making the engine quieter and a six-speed gearbox was introduced as well as an automatic cam chain tensioner. In 1982, Honda reverted to the 21-inch front wheel and introduced the rear single shock suspension, known as the Pro-Link, and a 12-volt electrical system. The 1984–1987 models were equipped with dual, progressively operated carburetors, (the left one opened 1/4-1/2 way before the right one opened and both reached full throttle together), and the short stroke variant of the RFVC type engine.\n", "1987 marked the final year of the XL250R and XL600R for the USA. The XL series were replaced with the short-lived NX250 in 1988–1990. In 1992, Honda began the XR250L and XR650L, which are street legal and closely follow the roots of the XL series.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "motorcycle", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1626753", "wikidata_label": "Honda XL250", "wikipedia_title": "Honda XL250" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Greater bird-of-paradise\n", "The greater bird-of-paradise (\"Paradisaea apoda\") is a bird-of-paradise in the genus \"Paradisaea\".\n", "Carl Linnaeus named the species \"Paradisaea apoda\", or \"legless bird-of-paradise\", because early trade-skins to reach Europe were prepared without wings or feet by the indigenous New Guinean people; this led to the misconception that these birds were beautiful visitors from paradise that were kept aloft by their plumes and never touched the earth until death.\n", "Section::::Description.\n", "The greater bird-of-paradise is the largest member in the genus \"Paradisaea\", with males measuring up to (excluding the long twin tail wires). The female is bigger, at . The plumage of this species is also sexually dimorphic. The male has an iridescent green face and a yellow glossed with silver iridescence crown, head and nape. The rest of the body plumage is maroon-brown. The flank plumes, used in displays, are yellow at the base, turning white and streaked with maroon. The female has unbarred maroon brown plumage. In both sexes the iris is yellow and the bills blue.\n", "Section::::Distribution.\n", "The greater bird-of-paradise is distributed to lowland and hill forests of southwest New Guinea and Aru Islands, Indonesia. The diet consists mainly of fruits, seeds and small insects. A small population was introduced by Sir William Ingram in 1909-1912 to Little Tobago Island of West Indies in an attempt to save the species from extinction due to overhunting for plume trades. The introduced populations survived until at least 1966, but most likely are extinct now. The bird still appears on Trinidad and Tobago's $100 bill.\n", "Section::::Status.\n", "A common species throughout its native range, the greater bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.\n", "Section::::Habits.\n", "Wallace noted in \"The Malay Archipelago\", that they become active before sunrise, when their loud \"wawk-wawk, wǒk-wǒk-wǒk\" cries resound through the forest, as they move about in different directions in search of food. They feed on fruit and arthropods, and birds in female-type plumage may forage in small groups along with other species. Breeding is not strictly seasonal. Polygynous males display in leks.\n", "Section::::Courtship Behavior.\n", "Male Greater Birds of Paradise, as polygynous breeders, experience female selection, in which females choose male mates based upon indirect genetic benefits which increase offspring fitness. Since males do not contribute to offspring in any other way (ie through parental care), females have to assess male fitness through courtship rituals, details of which are in the following sections.\n", "Section::::Courtship Behavior.:Dances.\n", "Males display in trees above the ground and congregate in a lek or “court” versus individually displaying for females. Males will initially congregate around common display areas on a secondary perch, away from the main viewing perches available, and flap their wings rapidly. They will then move to the main viewing perches, erecting their large plumes at their rumps over their backs and extending their wings (Pose 1). They subsequently depress their bodies close to the branches that they are on, retract their wings, leave their tail plumes erected, and prance or charge along their branch (Pose 2). The birds will then freeze with their bills pointed downwards, wings extended once again, and tail plumes still upright (Pose 3). Males will assume this last position, referred to as the “flower position” when females are present, for inspection purposes, but will refrain and remain in position two, moving in synchrony, when females are absent.\n", "Males will often visit each other’s display grounds, located relatively close to each other, but will perform the majority of their displays at a common court. Other courtship behaviors outside of the physical dance can consist of bill-wiping, in which the male pauses the dance and brushes both sides of his beak on the branch, as well as leaf-tearing, hanging upside down from the branch, and vocalizations.\n", "Section::::Courtship Behavior.:Calls.\n", "Males use eight variations of calls, commonly referred to as “wauks” within courtship rituals, each linked to a section of the courtship dance.\n", "\"Rising call\": A series of four or five “wauks” repeated at one second intervals. The first two notes are of approximately equal volume and the subsequent two or three are of increasing volume and intensity.\n", "\"Rapid wauk call\": A series of quick “wauks”, all of equal volume, delivered in bursts of several per second, accompanied by wingbeats. These calls are usually performed when a female is in the vicinity and in correlation with pose one.\n", "\"Wing pose call\": The only non-“wauk” call, this vocalization consists of piercing “ee-ak” notes repeated multiple times. This call is accompanied by the posing of the wings (pose 1) and alternated with the \"rapid wauk call\".\n", "\"Pump call:\" A much faster version of the \"rapid wauk call\", to the point where the sound of the call meshes into a single sound of “wa-wa-wa.” These calls last up to ten seconds.\n", "\"Baa call\": Following the \"pump call\", males will perform several nasal “baa” notes combined with movement into pose three.\n", "\"Nasal call\": A more sudden and nasally version of the \"baa call\" given after the male leaves the primary viewing branch around the court.\n", "\"Chugich call\": Can be performed prior to the \"click call\" or after the \"nasal call\"; consists of a guttural “chug’ich” note.\n", "Daily display rhythm\n", "Males spend the majority of their time during mating seasons at their respective display grounds. They begin calling before sunrise and cease shortly after sunset. They feed very briefly and infrequently, moving away from display grounds in the heat of the afternoon, and returning before dusk. This mating behavior most commonly occurs between March and May, and again August through December, but can occur during other parts of the year as well.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Courtship dance footage at the Birds-of-Paradise Project\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Greater Bird-of-paradise", "Greater bird of paradise" ] }, "description": "species of bird", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q325356", "wikidata_label": "Paradisaea apoda", "wikipedia_title": "Greater bird-of-paradise" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "The Three Spinners\n", "\"The Three Spinners\" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. It is tale no 14 and Aarne–Thompson type 501. It is widespread throughout Europe.\n", "It has obvious parallels to Rumpelstiltskin and Frau Holle, and obvious differences, so that they are often compared.\n", "Giambattista Basile includes an Italian literary fairy tale, The Seven Little Pork Rinds, in his 1634 work, the Pentamerone\".\n", "Italo Calvino's \"Italian Folktales\" includes a variant, \"And Seven!\".\n", "The first edition of \"Grimm's Fairy Tales\" contained a much shorter variant, Hateful Flax Spinning, but it is \"The Three Spinners\" that became well-known.\n", "Section::::Synopsis.\n", "Once there was a beautiful-but-lazy girl who would not spin. While her mother beats her for it, the Queen, passing by, overhears and asks the reason for the punishment. Ashamed to admit that her daughter is lazy, the woman replies that the girl spins so much that her mother cannot afford to buy enough flax to keep her occupied. The Queen, impressed by such industry, offers to take the girl with her.\n", "Once at the castle, the queen takes the girl to a room filled with flax. If she spins it all within three days, she'll be rewarded with marriage to the queen's oldest son. Two days later, the queen returns and is amazed to find the flax untouched. The girl pleads that homesickness has kept her from spinning, but she realizes that excuse will not serve her twice.\n", "Three women appear in the room that night. One has a grotesquely swollen foot; the second, an overgrown thumb; the third, a pendulous lip. They offer to spin all the flax for the girl if she will invite them to her wedding, introduce them as her aunts, and seat them at the high table. She agrees, and they commence and complete the spinning.\n", "In the morning, the queen is satisfied to see the flax all spun. She arranges for the wedding to her son, the prince, and the girl asks to invite her \"aunts\". When they appear, the king asks how they came to have such deformities, and the three explain that they come from their years of spinning. The king forbids his beautiful daughter-in-law to spin again.\n", "Section::::Synopsis.:Variant: Hateful Flax Spinning.\n", "A king orders his queen and daughters to spin all the time. One day, he gives them a great box of flax to spin, to his daughters' distress. The queen invites three hideous old maids to come to the castle and spin. The king sees them and asks the cause of their deformities. Their answer: from spinning. The king forbids his wife and daughters to spin again.\n", "Section::::The Seven Little Pork Rinds.\n", "A girl eats seven pieces of bacon, leaving none for her mother. While the mother beats her for her gluttony, a passing merchant asks the reason, and the woman replies that her daughter is ruining her health by working too hard. The merchant decides on the spot to marry this industrious girl.\n", "The now-married merchant goes on a journey, leaving his wife the spinning. Making an effort to spin, she flicks a passersby with water; some passing fairies are so amused by this that they offer to do the spinning for her. Despite their aid, the merchant's wife claims that the spinning has made her ill, and the merchant decides not to require her to spin any more, as her mother must have been right about her overworking.\n", "Section::::The Seven Little Pork Rinds.:And Seven!\n", "In this version, as in the one just described, the part of the king is taken by a merchant; similarly, the mother berates her daughter for \"seven\" – meaning seven bowls of soup that the girl has eaten – but the mother pretends that they are spindles of hemp that the girl has spun.\n", "The women helpers in this version – who also are deformed from their years of spinning – instruct the girl to invite them to her wedding by calling their names. If she does not do so, they warn her, she will be worse off than she would have been had they not spun for her. She forgets the names and puts off the wedding while she tries to recall them. The merchant sees the three women cavorting in the forest and hears them call out their names, similar to the scene in Rumpelstiltskin; he describes this to his bride in hopes of amusing her and getting her to agree to a wedding date. She is therefore able to invite her helpers and bring about the happy ending as in \"The Three Spinners\".\n", "A Puerto Rican version exists, with three Holy Souls in Purgatory replacing the fairies, and a merchant in place of the king. The heroine in this version is an orphan abused by an aunt.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- The Lazy Spinner\n", "BULLET::::- The Three Aunts\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Three Spinning Women\" and \"Hateful Flax Spinning\"\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Arlington Municipal Airport (Washington)\n", "Arlington Municipal Airport is a public airport located three miles (5 km) southwest of the central business district of Arlington, a city in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. It is owned and operated by the City of Arlington.\n", "It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Construction of Arlington Municipal Airport was approved on February 23, 1934. The first airplane took off on June 13, 1934 and the airport was officially dedicated on July 4, 1935.\n", "U.S. Naval Auxiliary Air Station, Arlington, Washington was established in 1940, when the United States Navy leased the airstrip from the town of Arlington to supplement training facilities at Seattle. However, no important construction took place until 1942. In that year the Navy permitted the Army to develop the field as a strategic base for medium bombers to counteract the Japanese invasion of the Aleutian Islands. Early in 1943 the Japanese threat in the Aleutians diminished and at the same time the Naval carrier program required additional training fields within reach of gunnery ranges in the Puget Sound area. By August 14, 1945 Arlington was a well-balanced station equipped to support two light carrier Air groups for either day or night operations. No major projects were pending at that time, and it was felt that none remained to be undertaken unless a significant addition was made to the functions of the station.\n", "At the close of World War II, the U.S. military reduced funding and operations around the United States. On October 10, 1945 notification was received from the Chief of Naval Operations that Arlington would be reduced to a caretaker status on December 1, 1945.\n", "The airfield and hangar complex has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1995.\n", "Section::::Today.\n", "Currently, the airport is host to several businesses making significant contributions to the aviation industry. Some activities include flight instruction, emergency parachute manufacturing, kit plane and sailplane sales/manufacturing, historic and decommissioned aircraft restoration, aircraft upholstery, aircraft cover manufacturing, and much more. The airport is home to corporate & decommissioned military jets, vintage aircraft, experimental aircraft, aerobatic aircraft, helicopters, gliders, and ultralights. The grassroots aviation presence at Arlington is very strong, rivaling that of many larger airports across the United States, including nearby Paine Field (KPAE).\n", "The City continues to support general aviation through financing, planning and development. During the 1995 Master Plan update, the City planned and developed the airport specifically for general aviation use. Items specific to general aviation included in the 2002 Master Plan Update were additional T-hangars, a 100' by 1,000' (50' pavement / 50' turf) ultralight runway, and a compass rose. There are approximately 580 aircraft based at the airport, which has 400 public hangars and 77 private hangars.\n", "In the 1990s, the airport was selected by the Puget Sound Regional Council as a candidate for expansion into a regional airport to relieve Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The council decided instead to construct a third runway at Sea-Tac in 1996, leaving Arlington to redevelop its airport for general aviation. In 2019, the city began lobbying for a runway extension to support larger airplanes and anticipated growth.\n", "In April 2014, the airport saw the arrival of President Barack Obama in Marine One, the presidential helicopter, after flying from Paine Field in Everett. The President then continued by motorcade to Oso, scene of a fatal mudslide.\n", "Section::::Facilities and aircraft.\n", "Arlington Municipal Airport covers an area of which contains two asphalt paved runways: 16/34 measuring 5,332 x 100 ft (1,625 x 30 m) and 11/29 measuring 3,498 x 75 ft (1,066 x 23 m).\n", "For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2015, the airport had 133,492 aircraft operations, an average of 365 per day: 98% general aviation, 2% air taxi and <1% military. In July 2017, there were 513 aircraft based at Arlington: 366 single-engine, 19 multi-engine, 11 jet, 12 helicopter, 45 glider and 60 ultralight.\n", "Section::::Accidents and incidents.\n", "BULLET::::- On May 14, 2011, the pilot of a lightweight CZAW SportCruiser aircraft died after his plane burst into flame shortly after landing at Arlington.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Arlington Centennial 1903-2003: A Pictorial History of Arlington, Washington\"\n", "BULLET::::- Information for this article was obtained from legal documents, government documents, correspondence, original applications, and newspaper articles from The Arlington Times.\n", "BULLET::::- Notes\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Arlington Airport web cam at Washington State DOT\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Cash Converters\n", "Cash Converters International Limited is an Australian retail pawnbroking company which also provides payday loans. It has international franchise operations in many areas such as the US and Canada, the Middle East, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and New Zealand.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "This company was founded in Perth, Western Australia, in 1984 by Brian Cumins and a group of partners. In four years, the partners were operating seven outlets in the Perth area.\n", "Cash Converters opened stores in United Kingdom in 1992, New Zealand in 1993, South Africa, France, and the United States and South Africa in 1994, Canada and Spain in 1995 and Malaysia in 2001.\n", "In November 2009, EZCorp purchased a 30% stake in Cash Converters. It now has two people on the board of the company.\n", "Section::::Services.\n", "Most Cash Converters stores offer a number of services in the retail, pawnbroking and personal finance sectors.\n", "BuyBack agreement – This is a sale and repurchase agreement offered in Cash Converters stores in the United Kingdom. This service allows a consumer to sell an item of value to the store with the option to repurchase the item within a specified time period for the initial purchase amount plus a fee. Currently the fee is £32.50 per each £100 of the purchase price. The consumer can extend the agreement for a fee.\n", "In Australia, Cash Converters charges 35% per month Interest. This equates to 420% per annum. The interest is calculated from the day of loan, so if you were to pay back the loan over 3 months, you will have paid 105% interest.\n", "Section::::International.\n", "Cash Converters International (CCV) is a franchised retail network and trades in 16 countries throughout the World.\n", "A number of countries, including Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, operate online retail channels with stock being sold and/or auctioned. Listed stock carries warranties.\n", "Cash Converters UK were the first to hold an online charity auction for the charity Dreams Come True.\n", "Cash Converters charge a current rate of interest of 33% (35% in Victoria, Australia) per month, making their annual interest over 350% on the principal loan.\n", "Cash Converters UK charge a flat fee of 32.5% on their Buybacks with an option to pay an extension fee after 28 days.\n", "Section::::International.:South Africa.\n", "The company started operating in South Africa in 1994 with a pilot site in Parow, Cape Town. Franchising began in late 1995 and since then Cash Converters Southern Africa has sold over 80 branches (). Cash Converters Southern Africa offers buying and selling options on many products, including cell phones, TVs, electronics, household goods, tools, musical instruments and much more.\n", "It also offers a number of small short-term personal finance options or payday loans against a customer's next salary.\n", "It is one of South Africa's most profitable franchise operations, and in 2014, 2015 and 2016 they were runners up at the Franchise Association of South Africa's Franchisor of the Year awards.\n", "Section::::International.:Malaysia.\n", "There are 8 stores in Malaysia. The first Cash Converters Malaysia store opened in 2001 at Taman SEA PJ now at Damansara Utama. Four other outlets operate within the state of Selangor in Ampang, Klang, Sunway, Shah Alam and 2 outlets in kuala Lumpur Setapak and Sg Besi with total of 7 stores in the Klang Valley. Over in Johor Bahru is where the 8th store is located.\n", "Section::::Class action lawsuit and infringements.\n", "Two class actions have been launched in the Federal Court of Australia on allegations that Cash Converters charged excessive fees and interest of up to 633 per cent on short term loans in NSW between July 2010 and June 2013, despite a legal limit of 48 per cent. Over 50,000 customers have joined to seek about $40 million in compensation. A $23m in-principle settlement was reached with more than 37,000 Cash Converters customers in June 2015.\n", "In 2016, an Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) investigation found that Cash Converters had failed to make reasonable inquiries into the income and expenses of customers taking out their small amount loan product. They were ordered to pay back $10.8 million to consumers and fined a further $1.35 million. The investigation was part of a wider focus by ASIC on pay day lending in 2016, with lenders Nimble and Fair Go Finance also refunding customers as the result of investigations.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Liessies Abbey\n", "Liessies Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in the village of Liessies, near Avesnes-sur-Helpe, in the Archdiocese of Cambrai and the \"département\" of Nord, France.\n", "Section::::First foundation.\n", "It was founded about the middle of the 8th century and dedicated to Saint Lambert. It seems to have been destroyed twice in the following centuries. By tradition the founder is named as Wilbert, a Poitevin nobleman, and the first abbot as his son Guntrad or Gondrad. Wilbert's daughter, Hiltrude, refused to marry and became a nun here. She died in 785. After miracles were reported at her tomb, the Bishop of Cambrai organised her formal veneration, but was unable to establish monks here, as the house was at that time in the possession of a community of canons, who refused to co-operate.\n", "Section::::Benedictine foundation.\n", "The Benedictine monastery was finally established between about 1095 and 1110 by Theodoric of Avesnes and his wife Ada. From this time its continuous history is on record, but without much detail.\n", "The abbey was badly damaged during the Hundred Years' War and continued in decline until the mid-16th century.\n", "Section::::Benedictine foundation.:Blosius.\n", "In 1530 Louis de Blois (1506–1566), otherwise known as Blosius, became abbot. He had been a monk at Liessies since the age of 14, and at once began the reform of the abbey, successfully re-introducing strict Benedictine observance. He was also well known in the world as a mystical writer whose works were in favour at the court of Emperor Charles V.\n", "Section::::Benedictine foundation.:Bouillon.\n", "After his death the next six abbots seem to have maintained his high standards, but the 41st abbot, Lambert Bouillon (d. 1708), was of a different type. He is said to have lived extravagantly, exhausted the monastery exchequer with lawsuits, and diverted the revenues to the advantage of his nephews and nieces. Fénelon, at that time Archbishop of Cambrai, accordingly held a visitation of the abbey in 1702 and left certain instructions of which the abbot circulated a largely fictitious account. The archbishop, however, having secured the changes he desired, refrained from any public disavowal of the abbot's declaration.\n", "Bouillon is however also credited with the expansion and improvement of the abbey buildings, along with his successor, Abbot Agapit d'Ambrine.\n", "Section::::Benedictine foundation.:Suppression.\n", "In 1791 the last abbot, Dom Mark Verdier, and his community signed a declaration, as ordered by the decree of 14 October 1790, in which they confirmed their desire to remain in religion, but the suppression followed nevertheless. The property of the monastery was sold in 1791 and 1792 and the church pillaged and destroyed. The valuable paintings for which the abbey was famous, which included a series of \"religious founders\", were burned or dispersed; a few survived in neighbouring churches.\n", "The site became the property of the Lhomme family, who gradually demolished the major buildings.\n", "Section::::Remains.\n", "Although the major structures are destroyed, a number of small monastic working buildings still survive scattered about the abbey's former park, which has been preserved as an open space.\n", "The chapel of St. Hiltrude still stands in the forest, although the procession in honour of the saint took place for the last time in 1963.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Liessies Village website:history of the abbey\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Star Legend (ship)\n", "Star Legend (formerly Royal Viking Queen, Queen Odyssey and Seabourn Legend) is a cruise ship constructed by Schichau-Seebeckwerft in Bremerhaven, Germany and operated by Windstar Cruises.\n", "She is the identical sister ship of \"Star Pride\" and \"Star Breeze\", all designed by Petter Yran and Bjørn Storbraaten.\n", "She departed the Seabourn fleet in April 2015, and entered service for Windstar Cruises in May 2015.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The Construction of \"Royal Viking Queen\" began in 1990 by Schichau-Seebeckwerft in Bremerhaven, Germany. She was the last ship to be built for Royal Viking Line and the smallest. She was originally planned for Seabourn Cruise Line in 1990, was delayed due to investors' financial constraints and was ultimately purchased by Royal Viking Line. She was launched on May 1991, and was completed on February 1992. She was put into service for Kloster Cruise. She operated her sea trials and her maiden voyage began on February 11, 1992 and was finished on February 29, 1992. The ship operated on various crossings for Royal Viking Line, a Kloster subsidiary. During her service as \"Royal Viking Queen\" she was part of the world's leading cruise ships, consistently voted amongst the world's Top 10 cruise vessels by various publications.\n", "In 1995, the vessel's name was changed to \"Queen Odyssey\" after she was assigned to Royal Cruise Line, another Kloster subsidiary. She remained in operation for Royal Cruise Line until January 1996, when she was sold to Seabourn and joined her sister ships.\n", "\"Seabourn Legend\" was featured in the 1997 film \"\". In the movie, LAPD Police Officer Alex Shaw (Jason Patric) and his girlfriend Annie Porter (Sandra Bullock) are trapped on the ship, where navigation computers have been reprogrammed by a computer hacker (Willem Dafoe), setting the ship on a collision course with a supertanker.\n", "Section::::Timeline.\n", "BULLET::::- May 1991 — Launched\n", "BULLET::::- February 11, 1992 — Operated sea trials.\n", "BULLET::::- February 29, 1992 — Delivered to Kloster Cruise, Nassau, The Bahamas. Named \"Royal Viking Queen\"\n", "BULLET::::- 1995 — Assigned to Royal Cruise Line, Renamed \"Queen Odyssey\"\n", "BULLET::::- January 12, 1996 — Acquired by Seabourn Cruise Line, Oslo, Norway. Renamed \"Seabourn Legend\"\n", "BULLET::::- 1997 — Featured in movie \"\"\n", "BULLET::::- 2002 — Re-registered in Nassau, The Bahamas\n", "BULLET::::- 2015 — Bought by Windstar Cruises and renamed Star Legend\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Results for Vessel: \"Seabourn Legend\", United States Coast Guard Maritime Information Exchange, including dimensions and tonnage.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "cruise ship, Germany", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1846801", "wikidata_label": "MV Seabourn Legend", "wikipedia_title": "Star Legend (ship)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Fake Peak\n", "Fake Peak is a small outcrop on a ridge beside the Ruth Glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska, USA, 19 miles southeast of the summit of Denali. It has been shown by Robert M. Bryce that the \"summit photograph\" produced by Frederick Cook as evidence supporting his claim to have made the first ascent of Denali was in fact taken on Fake Peak. At , this is almost lower than the true summit of Denali.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "mountain", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q383915", "wikidata_label": "Fake Peak", "wikipedia_title": "Fake Peak" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Egon Zehnder\n", "Egon Zehnder is a global management consulting and executive search firm. Egon Zehnder is the world's largest privately held executive search firm and the third largest executive search and talent strategy firm globally. The firm offers services in Executive Search, Board Consulting and Leadership Strategy Services.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The firm was founded in 1964 by Egon P.S. Zehnder (a 1956 Harvard Business School graduate) and would later grow to having 68 offices in 40 countries.\n", "In 1992, \"The Wall Street Journal\" reported that Dr. Zehnder, who at the time was 62, had transitioned out of running the firm and that A. Daniel Meiland, who had been the firm's regional director for North America, would be named chairman of the executive committee and chief executive officer of the company.\n", "In 2000, \"The Wall Street Journal\" reported that Egon Zehnder International (as the company was called at the time) was the largest executive search firm in Europe.\n", "From 2008 to 2014, Damien O’Brien was the chief executive officer. O'Brien then served as Chairman from 2010 to 2018. Jill Ader is his successor, and was elected as Chairperson June 2018. Currently Edilson Camara serves as CEO\n", "Section::::Corporate structure.\n", "In 2013, \"The Wall Street Journal\" reported the firm has some 1,200 employees, including 420 consultants. In early 2013, the firm rebranded worldwide, dropping International from its name.\n", "Section::::Events & Initiatives.\n", "Section::::Events & Initiatives.:Leaders & Daughters.\n", "Egon Zehnder introduced Leaders & Daughters in March 2015 in London to provide a forum for addressing both the gender divide and the opportunity gap faced by the next generation of women leaders. The event brings together leaders and their daughters and mentees to discuss the obstacles women leaders face and how to tackle such obstacles.\n", "The event, which marks its 5 year in 2019, is held across 32 cities worldwide and over 5,000 attendees annually.\n", "Section::::Events & Initiatives.:Leaders & Daughters.:Letters to My Daughter.\n", "As part of the Leaders & Daughters initiative, Egon Zehnder invites leaders to write letters to their daughters to collectively inspire, cultivate and pave a better future for the next generation of female leaders.\n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.\n", "Egon Zehnder has conducted exclusive research on diversity, inclusion and leadership.\n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.:Leaders and Daughters Survey 2017.\n", "The Leaders & Daughters 2017 survey explores findings from over 7,000 professional female respondents worldwide in Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, India, the United States and the United Kingdom on topics ranging from career motivations and ambition to professional advancement and key influencers.\n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.:The CEO: A Personal Reflection.\n", "Egon Zehnder's \"The CEO: A Personal Reflection\" surveyed 402 CEOs from various industries, countries and corporate structures. They shared perspectives on the realities of the role, their preparation, their succession planning process, and how they lead and cope in these volatile times.\n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.:Global Board Diversity Analysis: 2012-2018.\n", "Egon Zehnder has tracked gender and international diversity on boards around the world for the past 14 years. \n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.:Global Board Diversity Analysis: 2012-2018.:2012 European Board Diversity Analysis.\n", "The \"2012 European Board Diversity Analysis\" looked at the boards of 353 of the largest companies across 17 European countries between May and June 2012. The analysis aims to contrast and compare the progress made by European companies in diversifying their boards. Data was gathered to measure how many women are engaged as board members in Europe, what is the nature of their engagement – executive roles vs. non-executive roles, leadership roles on the board or within committees – and whether women’s participation on boards has increased or decreased over time. The research also looked briefly at wider definitions of diversity such as non-national board memberships.\n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.:Global Board Diversity Analysis: 2012-2018.:2014 European Board Diversity Analysis with a Global Perspective.\n", "The \"2014 European Board Diversity Analysis\" – the sixth in a series of biennial studies initiated in 2004 – profiles the boards of 356 of the largest companies across 17 European countries. The 2014 study also includes a global perspective, exploring gender diversity across 568 large company boards in other regions of the world.\n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.:Global Board Diversity Analysis: 2012-2018.:2016 Global Board Diversity Analysis (GBDA).\n", "The Egon Zehnder \"2016 Global Board Diversity Analysis (GBDA)\" evaluates board data from 1,491 public companies with market capitalization exceeding EUR 6bn across 44 countries.\n", "Section::::Exclusive Research.:Global Board Diversity Analysis: 2012-2018.:2018 Global Board Diversity Tracker: Who’s Really On Board?\n", "Their 2018 report\", Who's Really on Board?\", analyzes BoardEx data from 1,610 public companies with market caps above 7 billion euros in 44 different countries as of May 2018. In countries with fewer large companies, they use the six largest companies as measured by market capitalization.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Focus\" online (corporate magazine)\n", "BULLET::::- Leaders & Daughters (An Egon Zehnder Initiative) Official website\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Diamonds and Toads\n", "Diamonds and Toads or Toads and Diamonds is a French fairy tale by Charles Perrault, and titled by him \"Les Fées\" or \"The Fairies\". Andrew Lang included it in \"The Blue Fairy Book\". It was illustrated by Laura Valentine in \"Aunt Louisa's nursery favourite\".\n", "In his source, as in \"Mother Hulda\", the kind girl was the stepdaughter, not the other daughter. The change was apparently to decrease the similarity to \"Cinderella\".\n", "It is Aarne-Thompson tale 480, the kind and the unkind girls. Others of this type include \"Shita-kiri Suzume\", \"Frau Holle\", \"The Three Heads in the Well\", \"Father Frost\", \"The Three Little Men in the Wood\", \"The Enchanted Wreath\", \"The Old Witch\", and \"The Two Caskets\". Literary variants include \"The Three Fairies\" and \"Aurore and Aimée\".\n", "Section::::Synopsis.\n", "A bad-tempered old widow had two daughters; her older daughter, Fanny was disagreeable and proud, but looked and behaved like her mother, and therefore was her favorite child; her younger daughter, Rose was sweet, gentle, and beautiful, but resembled her late father. Jealous and bitter, the widow and her favourite daughter abused and mistreated the younger girl.\n", "One day while drawing water from the well, an old woman asked the younger girl for a drink of water. The girl politely consented and after giving it, she found that the woman was a fairy, who had taken the guise of a crone to test the character of mortals. As the girl was so kind and compassionate toward her, the fairy blessed her with having either a jewel, a precious metal, or a pretty flower fall from her mouth whenever she spoke.\n", "Upon arriving home and explaining why she took so long to her mother, the widow was delighted at the sight of precious metals, jewels and flowers falling from the girl's lips, and desired that her favored eldest daughter, Fanny, should have the gift as well. Fanny protested, but the widow forcibly sent her to the well with instruction to act kindly toward an old beggar woman. Fanny set off but the fairy appeared as a fine princess, and requested that the girl draw her a drink from the well. The elder daughter spoke rudely to the fairy and insulted her. The fairy decreed that, as punishment for her despicable attitude, either a toad or a snake would fall from Fanny's mouth whenever she spoke.\n", "When Fanny arrived home, she told her story to her mother and disgusting toads and vipers fell from her mouth with each word. The widow, in a fury, drove her younger daughter out of the house. In the woods, she met a king's son, who fell in love with her and married her. In time, even the widow was sickened by her older daughter, and drove her out, and she died alone and miserable in the woods.\n", "Section::::Commentary.\n", "The idea of having jewels fall from a virtuous person is a motif found in various other tales, as in the Italian \"Biancabella and the Snake\".\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Jennifer Murdley's Toad\n", "BULLET::::- Kallo and the Goblins\n", "BULLET::::- The Honest Woodman\n", "BULLET::::- The Months\n", "BULLET::::- True and Untrue\n", "BULLET::::- Youngest sibling\n", "BULLET::::- Cinderella\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "The Fairy" ] }, "description": "French fairy tale by Charles Perrault", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2985121", "wikidata_label": "Diamonds and Toads", "wikipedia_title": "Diamonds and Toads" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Varanops\n", "Varanops is an extinct genus of Early Permian varanopid synapsids known from Texas and Oklahoma of the United States. It was first named by Samuel Wendell Williston in 1911 as a second species of \"Varanosaurus\", \"Varanosaurus brevirostris\". In 1914, Samuel W. Williston reassigned it to its own genus and the type species is \"Varanops brevirostris\".\n", "Section::::Discovery.\n", "\"V. brevirostris\" is known from the holotype FMNH UC 644, a three-dimensionally preserved nearly complete and articulated skeleton including a nearly complete skull and mandibles. It was collected in the Indian Creek, 35 site (=\"Cacops\" Bonebed), from the Arroyo Formation of the Clear Fork Group, Baylor County of Texas, dating to the early Kungurian stage of the Cisuralian Epoch, about 279.5-272.5 million years ago. Many well preserved specimens from the same locality and horizon of the type specimen, including FMNH UR 2423, nearly complete skull and mandibles, MCZ 1926, complete skull and mandibles and FMNH P 12841, partial skeleton, are referred to \"V. brevirostris\". One articulated skeleton with bite marks was found in southwest of Abilene (Arroyo Formation), Taylor County of Texas. Specimens (OMNH 73156-73178) of \"V. brevirostris\" were also collected in the Richards Spur, from the Garber Formation (Dolese Brothers Limestone Quarry) of the Sumner Group, Comanche County of Oklahoma, dating to the same age. Those remains came from at least three individuals, and represents the first varanodontine material from the Richards Spur. Finally, TMM 43628-1, a partial skeleton with nearly complete skull, was collected in the Mud Hill locality, from the Vale Formation of the Clear Fork Group, Taylor County, also dating to the same age.\n", "Section::::Description.\n", "\"Varanops\" was a large pelycosaur, around the size of the modern monitor lizards. It was about long, and had large limbs and sharp, backward-curving teeth. It was one of many agile, voracious predators among pelycosaurs. Even though it was large for its time, \"Varanops\" was very small compared to the dinosaurs.\n", "Section::::Classification.\n", "\"Varanops\" is the type genus of the family Varanopidae. Cladistic analysis performed by Nicolás E. Campione and Robert R. Reisz in 2010 suggests that \"Varanops\" is a derived varanodontine, sister taxon to the clade formed by \"Varanodon\" and \"Watongia.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "genus of synapsid", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2498998", "wikidata_label": "Varanops", "wikipedia_title": "Varanops" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Clinton, British Columbia\n", "Clinton is a village in British Columbia, Canada, located approximately northwest of Cache Creek and 30 km south of 70 Mile House.\n", "It is considered by some to straddle the southern edge of the Cariboo country of British Columbia, although others consider Ashcroft-Cache Creek, Lillooet, Savona, Kamloops and even Lytton and Spences Bridge to be in the Cariboo. Clinton, however, does sit immediately below the southern edge of the Cariboo Plateau. Clinton has a number of attractions including horse-back riding, big game viewing, hiking, fishing and other outdoor activities.\n", "Every May, Clinton is home to the Annual Ball held on the Victoria Day weekend, where many people dress as the first settlers did. The Annual Ball kicks off the Village's Heritage week with the parade and the May rodeo and dance ending Heritage week. The Clinton Annual Ball is one of British Columbia's oldest continual events having first been held in 1867 and was a highlight of the social calendar in the British Columbia Interior for many decades. The Clinton Museum, built in 1892, has a number of historical artifacts on display that date back to the gold rush and founding of the area.\n", "Section::::Name origin.\n", "Originally known as \"47 Mile House\" or \"47 Mile\", Clinton was named in 1863 upon completion of the Cariboo Wagon Road in the area for Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton, the 5th Duke of Newcastle, who was colonial secretary from 1854-1854 and 1859-1864.\n", "Section::::Transportation.\n", "Highway 97 runs through the village north-south, meeting just south of downtown with the Pavilion Mountain Road, which connects from Pavilion and Kelly Lake and is the route of the Old Cariboo Road and follows what is known as Cut-Off Valley from the foot of the road over Pavilion Mountain, which is also the route used by the British Columbia Railway although that route does not traverse Pavilion Mountain but comes via the Fraser Canyon via Moran and Arden Forest. The ranching communities of Jesmond, Kostering and Big Bar can be accessed via a road which has its junction with the Pavilion Mountain Road at Kelly Lake, which is also the location of Downing Provincial Park, which encompasses that lake. The same road is the access for Edge Hills and Marble Range Provincial Parks and also for the Big Bar Ferry to the west side of the Fraser River, which connects to the Slok Creek FSR to Lillooet. Clinton was, until adoption of its present name, known as \"47 Mile House\", that being the distance from Lillooet on the Old Cariboo Road.\n", "Also diverging from Highway 97 at Clinton is the route of the original Cariboo Road, which climbs a gentler grade up the side of the Bonaparte River valley up to the Cariboo Plateau, via Chasm and the associated provincial park and the community of Lone Butte. The BCR line also follows roughly the same route and has railstops at Chasm, Lone Butte and the Flying U Ranch, one of the province's oldest dude ranches. Other roads lead east from the Cariboo Road routing to Bonaparte Lake and Bonaparte Provincial Park and various provincial parks in that area. Loon Lake is accessed via the Loon Lake Road, which departs Highway 97 eastwards to the south of Clinton.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village in British Columbia, Canada", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q385697", "wikidata_label": "Clinton", "wikipedia_title": "Clinton, British Columbia" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Don Harrington Discovery Center\n", "Don Harrington Discovery Center is a nonprofit interactive science center and planetarium in Amarillo, Texas, U.S.A. The Don Harrington Discovery Center and Space Theater makes science exciting, relevant and interesting to all types of learners by providing interactive exhibits and programs that actively engage children, adolescents and their families. The mission of Don Harrington Discovery Center is to spark curiosity, inspire lifelong learning, and bring families and communities closer together.The Discovery Center is located in the city's hospital district and is named after philanthropist Don Harrington.\n", "Located in front of the Discovery Center is the Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument. The planetarium was renovated in 2003 and was implemented with the Digistar 3, fulldome video projection technology.\n", "Most of the Discovery Center's income comes from admission fees, membership fees, special events and programs, while the rest comes from event and exhibit sponsorships and grants from charitable organizations such as Amarillo Area Foundation and the Harrington Foundation. The Don Harrington Discovery Center is a nonprofit 501 (c)(3) organization that largely relies on the support of its community. \n", "The Discovery center is a member of the Association of Children's Museums Reciprocal Program and Association of Science-Technology Centers Passport Program, allowing members to receive free or reduced admission at various museums all across America.\n", "Section::::Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument.\n", "The Helium Centennial Time Columns Monument was designed in 1967 by Peter Muller Munk Associates (located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) and built in 1968 with the assistance of U.S. Steel to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of helium. The Time Columns Monument is a six-story high stainless steel structure containing four time capsules, three of which form the legs of the monument and one which stands erect. The capsules are intended to be opened in 25, 50, 100, and 1,000 years from the date it was erected in 1968. In 1982 the Helium Monument was airlifted by helicopter from I-40 and Nelson to its current site at the Don Harrington Discovery Center. In 1993, the first time capsule was opened, on schedule, during a two-day celebration of the 25th birthday of the monument. The contents of that capsule are in the collection of the Discovery Center, and are not typically on display to the public.\n", "On September 29, 2018, the second time capsule was opened during a special event celebrating the Amarillo Helium Plant and the 150th anniversary of the discovery of helium. Items preserved in the capsule include stamps, documents, toy cars, and other miscellaneous effects. These items are now officially on display at the Discovery Center. At this event, the Discovery Center announced that it was accepting suggestions for new items to be placed into the now-empty capsule, which will be opened once more in 2093, 75 years in the future. The 100 and 1,000 year capsules are still scheduled to open in 2068 and 2968, respectively.\n", "Among the more interesting items stored in the monument is a passbook to a bank account containing a $10 deposit made in 1968, preserved within the 1,000 year time capsule.\n", "The monument also serves as a sun dial, its features oriented to the sun to tell the time.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of children's museums in the United States\n", "BULLET::::- List of time capsules\n", "BULLET::::- Timeline of Installs and Open dates\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- The Harringtons\n", "BULLET::::- Don Harrington Discovery Center official web site\n", "BULLET::::- Association of Children's Museums\n", "BULLET::::- Association of Science-Technology Centers\n" ] }

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{ "end": [ 34, 55, 64, 52, 71, 117 ], "href": [ "paraphyletic", "insect", "family%20%28biology%29", "Apoidea", "bee", "Ammoplanina" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 ], "start": [ 22, 49, 56, 45, 68, 105 ], "text": [ "paraphyletic", "insect", "families", "Apoidea", "bee", "Ammoplanidae" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }

{ "paragraph": [ "Spheciformes\n", "The Spheciformes is a paraphyletic assemblage of insect families which collectively comprise the \"sphecoid wasps\". Larvae are carnivorous.\n", "These are all the members of the superfamily Apoidea, which are not bees and which in older classifications were called the \"Sphecoidea\". \n", "The group is paraphyletic because the bees are believed to have arisen from a subgroup within the family Ammoplanidae, thus Spheciformes does not include all of the descendants of its common ancestor.\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport\n", "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Santa Rosa, in Sonoma County, California.\n", "The airport is named after Charles M. Schulz, the famed cartoonist of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, who lived in Santa Rosa for more than 30 years. The airport's logo features Snoopy in World War I flying-ace attire atop his doghouse.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Section::::History.:Military use.\n", "In the 1930s Santa Rosa had a small municipal airfield owned by Richfield Oil Corporation next to the Redwood Highway about 6 miles southeast of the present airport. Use of the 3,000-foot sod runway at the earlier airfield was discontinued during World War II as facilities at the present airport improved.\n", "Opened in June 1942 and known as Santa Rosa Army Air Field, the airfield was assigned to Fourth Air Force as a group and replacement training airfield. Known units assigned to Santa Rosa were:\n", "BULLET::::- 354th Fighter Group, March–June 1943\n", "BULLET::::- 357th Fighter Group, June–August 1943\n", "BULLET::::- 363d Fighter Group, August–October 1943\n", "BULLET::::- 367th Fighter Group, October–December 1943\n", "The 478th Fighter Group was permanently assigned to Santa Rosa in December 1943 and began training replacement pilots, who were sent to combat units overseas after graduation.\n", "The airfield was inactivated on January 31, 1946 and turned over to the War Assets Administration for eventual conversion to a civil airport.\n", "Section::::History.:Airline flights.\n", "From the late 1940s until the mid 1970s Southwest Airways and successors Pacific Air Lines, Air West and Hughes Airwest served Santa Rosa. Southwest Airways Douglas DC-3s followed by Pacific, Air West and Hughes Airwest Fairchild F-27s mainly flew to San Francisco.\n", "Commuter airlines flew STS to San Francisco until 2001, and sometimes to San Jose. In the mid 1970s Eureka Aero was flying nonstop to Eureka and Sacramento. In 1985 Westates Airlines Convair CV-580s flew nonstop to Los Angeles Los Angeles for several months before ceasing operations; their July 1985 timetable listed 38 round trips a week between STS and LAX. Other turboprop flights included American Eagle Fairchild Swearingen Metroliners operated by Wings West Airlines for American Airlines nonstop to SFO and San Jose SJC. In late 1989 American Eagle had three Metros a day to SFO and four a day to SJC. Reno Air Express had code share BAe Jetstream 31s to San Jose flown by Mid Pacific Air for Reno Air.\n", "In the mid 1980s United Airlines entered into a code sharing agreement with WestAir, a commuter airline that had previously served STS with Cessna 402s and de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters to San Francisco. WestAir then began flying as United Express to SFO until 2001. Westair used the Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante, Short 360, BAe Jetstream 31 and Embraer EMB-120 Brasilia.\n", "In 1989 jets arrived in Santa Rosa when WestAir (United Express) began four weekday BAe 146-200 nonstops to Los Angeles, soon replaced with Embraer EMB-120 Brasilias that ended in 1991. The Westair BAe 146s were then Santa Rosa's only jets, but Allegiant Air jets appeared on May 19, 2016 followed by American Eagle on February 16, 2017. WestAir was originally Stol Air Commuter flying Britten-Norman Islanders and Trislanders to San Francisco. Stol Air Commuter had administrative offices in Santa Rosa. United Express left Santa Rosa in 2001 and the airport had no airline for some years.\n", "In March 2007 airline service resumed via Horizon Air, a subsidiary of Alaska Airlines, with flights to Seattle/Tacoma and Los Angeles. Horizon then added flights to Portland, Oregon in late 2007, to Las Vegas in early 2008, and to San Diego in mid-2012.\n", "In early 2011 Alaska Airlines announced it would retire its Horizon brand; and all flights operated by Horizon now use the Alaska Airlines name. In June 2012 the airline ended flights from STS to Las Vegas.\n", "As part of an agreement between the airport, Alaska Airlines, and the local enotourism industry announced in January 2012 that passengers are allowed to check a 12 bottle case of wine for free on all Alaska Airlines flights from the airport.\n", "Alaska Airlines flights from Santa Rosa are 76-seat Embraer 175s or 76-seat Bombardier Q400s. Q400s currently fly nonstop to Los Angeles, Orange County, Portland, San Diego and Seattle.\n", "Section::::History.:New jet service.\n", "In March 2016 Allegiant Air announced it would begin flying McDonnell Douglas MD-83s nonstop to Las Vegas McCarran International Airport and nonstop to Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IWA). The Las Vegas flight began on May 19, 2016 and the Phoenix flight several days later. The MD-83 was the largest airliner ever scheduled to Santa Rosa; as of October 19, 2016, Allegiant switched from the 166 seat MD-83 to the 155 seat Airbus A319. Allegiant ended its flights to Phoenix-Mesa on January 2, 2017 and to Las Vegas on June 30, 2017.\n", "In October 2016 American Airlines announced it would begin nonstop service between Santa Rosa and its hub in Phoenix (PHX) on February 16, 2017. The daily code share flight was being operated by SkyWest Airlines as American Eagle with Canadair CRJ-700s. American Eagle added a second nonstop CRJ-700 roundtrip flight to Phoenix and now has one Canadair CRJ-900 a day between Phoenix and Santa Rosa. American Eagle announced it will begin flying Embraer 175s nonstop to Los Angeles (LAX) effective May 3, 2019 and nonstop to Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) effective June 6, 2019.\n", "In February 2017 United Express announced their return to Santa Rosa with thrice daily service to the United Airlines hub in San Francisco. The new flights began on June 8, 2017; SkyWest Airlines Canadair CRJ-200s operate the code sharing flights for United. United Express has announced it will begin nonstop regional jet flights to Denver on March 8, 2019.\n", "In March 2017 Sun Country Airlines announced seasonal service between Santa Rosa and Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport to be operated from late summer until late fall. Sun Country was operating weekly 162 seat Boeing 737-800s August 24, 2017 through December 3, 2017, connecting via Minneapolis/St. Paul to Boston, New York John F. Kennedy Airport and Washington Reagan National Airport. Sun Country still operates from the airport but has ended flights to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. In May 2018 Sun Country Airlines made a surprise announcement that it would be adding to its seasonal destinations from Santa Rosa with nonstop flights between STS and Las Vegas.\n", "Section::::Facilities.\n", "The airport covers at an elevation of 129 feet (39 m). It has two asphalt runways: 2/20 is 5,202 by 100 feet (1,586 x 30 m) and 14/32 is 6,000 by 150 feet (1,829 x 46 m).\n", "In 2017 the airport had 79,231 aircraft operations, average 217 per day: 83% general aviation, 10% air taxi, 6% airline and 1% military. 315 aircraft were then based at this airport: 85% single-engine, 12% multi-engine, 2% jet, and 1% helicopter.\n", "In August 2013 the airport started a project to decouple the ends of the two runways and extend runway 14/32 by 885 feet, to 6000 feet and extend runway 2/20 by 200 feet, to 5202 feet. This project was scheduled for completion in November 2014.\n", "A Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit station bearing the name of the airport was constructed about from the airline passenger terminal on Airport Boulevard and shuttle buses are currently serving as the link between the two locations as this passenger rail service is now in operation. Sonoma County Airport Express buses connect the airport with Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport.\n", "Section::::Airlines and destinations.\n", "Section::::Airlines and destinations.:Top domestic routes.\n", "Depending on the month of the year, current Alaska Airlines service operated by Horizon Air features a total of seven or eight departures a day from Santa Rosa with two or three nonstop flights a day to Los Angeles (LAX), one or two nonstop flights to Portland (PDX), Seattle (SEA), and one nonstop flight a day to Orange County (SNA), and San Diego (SAN).\n", "Section::::Other uses.\n", "Section::::Other uses.:Sonoma Air Attack Base.\n", "The Sonoma Air Attack Base of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (known as CDF or CAL FIRE) was established in 1964 at the northeast corner of the airport. Sonoma responds to an average of 300 calls per year. It has a battalion chief and a fire captain (air tactics group supervisors), a fire apparatus engineer (base manager) and six firefighters. Aircraft at Sonoma include one OV-10 Bronco (Air Attack 140) and two Grumman S-2 Tracker air tankers (classified as S-2T's, Tankers 85 and 86.)\n", "On average, the base pumps about of retardant a year. With the base’s pumps, four loading pits and equipment, Sonoma has a possible peak output of of retardant each day. The base’s immediate response area covers and includes Marin County and portions of the CDF Sonoma–Lake–Napa, Santa Clara, San Mateo–Santa Cruz, and Mendocino Units.\n", "Section::::Other uses.:Pacific Coast Air Museum.\n", "The Pacific Coast Air Museum is at the southeast corner of the airport, next to the hangar used in the 1963 Hollywood all-star comedy movie, \"It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World\". Known as the Butler Building, the hangar was built during World War II and is still in use.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- California World War II Army Airfields\n", "BULLET::::- Wine tourism\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Sonoma County Sheriff Helicopter Unit\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "KSTS", "STS", "Sonoma County Airport", "Santa Rosa Airport", "Santa Rosa Army Airfield" ] }, "description": "airport in Santa Rosa serving Sonoma County, California, United States", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1837097", "wikidata_label": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport", "wikipedia_title": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Víctor Jara Stadium\n", "Estadio Víctor Jara is an indoor multi-use sports complex located in the western part of Santiago, Chile, near the Estación Central and Alameda Avenue. It was designed in the rationalist style and was opened in 1949 as Estadio Chile (\"Chile Stadium\"). It has a total capacity for an audience of 6,500 people.\n", "In 2004 it was renamed as a memorial to folk singer Víctor Jara. Jara and thousands of other putative enemies of the state were held at the two major stadiums of Santiago, the Estadio Chile and the Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos after the Chilean coup of 1973 by the Chilean Army. Jara was tortured and killed at the Estadio Chile on 15 September 1973. Before his death, he wrote and performed his last song, \"Estadio Chile\". Today, Estadio Víctor Jara is used for volleyball, basketball, futsal, and occasionally for table tennis tournaments; formerly it was also a training center for boxing and professional wrestling.\n", "Estadio Víctor Jara features a steel truss supported roof and a rubber based playing surface, which has a polyurethane layer on top. The walls are of reinforced concrete, in thickness. It also has facilities to lodge up to 185 sportspeople.\n", "Unión Latinoamericana metro station provides access to this sports complex.\n", "Section::::Musical events.\n", "Until 2009, when it was closed for these kinds of events, the complex was an important concert venue. The list of artists that have performed at Estadio Víctor Jara include: Toto, Living Colour, Los Prisioneros, James Brown, Iron Butterfly, La Renga, Soda Stereo, Rare Earth, Charly García, Rata Blanca, Attaque 77, Marillion, Morrissey, Kraftwerk, The Strokes, Dio, Lacrimosa, Kreator, Megadeth, Stratovarius, Mägo de Oz, Motörhead, Soulfly, Misfits, Danzig, Agnostic Front, Dead Kennedys, Destruction, The Haunted, Immortal, Napalm Death, Criminal, Hanson, Ska-P, among others.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Information about the stadium\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Victor Jara Stadium" ] }, "description": "national monument of Chile", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3058826", "wikidata_label": "Víctor Jara Stadium", "wikipedia_title": "Víctor Jara Stadium" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Van Houtte\n", "Van Houtte Inc. is a company based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada that processes, distributes and sells coffee and coffee related goods. It was founded by Albert-Louis Van Houtte.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "French-born Albert-Louis Van Houtte (1877–1944) emigrated to Canada in 1912. After the First World War made his attempt at a horse importing business unsustainable, he turned to food retailing. He opened a grocery store in 1919 to sell specialty items, but soon found particular success with gourmet coffee roasting.\n", "After Van Houtte's death in 1944, his family continued to operate and develop the Maison A.L. Van Houtte business. In 1980, the family business evolved into a corporation known as A.L Van Houtte Inc., led by Paul-André Guillotte and Benoît Beauregard. In 1987, the company went public on the Montreal Stock Exchange. Its corporate name was shortened to Van Houtte Inc. following a shareholder vote on 12 September 2000.\n", "In 2000, U.S sales alone represented around 20% of the company's total revenues, with products being sold in 28 states.\n", "Today, Van Houtte has grown into an international supplier of coffee, coffee machines and related support for over 60,000 offices and other places of employment in the United States and Canada. The company claims this to be the largest such system in North America. Van Houtte also supplies and supports coffee sales for cafeterias, grocery and convenience stores, restaurants and hotels. Van Houtte also offers a selection of fair-traded coffee products.\n", "Van Houtte still sells coffee directly to customers through its chain of cafés throughout Quebec. Van Houtte also offers coffee and associated products for sale through its website.\n", "In May 2007, U.S. private equity firm Littlejohn & Co. announced a $600 million deal that will take Van Houtte ownership out of Canadian hands, although the gourmet coffee company will continue to have headquarters in Montreal under its existing name and have the leadership of its current management team.\n", "On September 14, 2010, Van Houtte Inc. agreed to be bought by Vermont based coffee company, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters for Can $915 million. The completion of the transaction was announced on December 17, 2010.\n", "On August 29, 2011 Green Mountain Coffee Roasters sold Van Houtte's U.S. Coffee Service business (Filterfresh) to Aramark for $145 million.\n", "In November 2014, Keurig Green Mountain sold Quebec-based Van Houtte cafes to quick-service restaurant operator MTY Food Group, while retaining control of the Van Houtte brand, image, and wholesale business.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Second Cup\n", "BULLET::::- List of coffeehouse chains\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3554415", "wikidata_label": "Van Houtte", "wikipedia_title": "Van Houtte" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory\n", "The Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory (SAL) was a linear accelerator facility on the University of Saskatchewan campus in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The facility was constructed in 1962 at a cost of $1.7M under the direction of Leon Katz. SAL was identified by the OECD as a National Large-Scale Facility. SAL provided support for radiology, chemistry and sub-atomic physics research.\n", "Section::::Beginnings: 1947–1961.\n", "Around 1947 members of the Department of Physics at the University of Saskatchewan decided to obtain a 25 MeV Betatron. The principal interest was in nuclear physics, but they were also interested \n", "In the possible therapeutic uses for the treatment of cancer, and they obtained support from then-Saskatchewan Premier Tommy Douglas. Funding was obtained from the Atomic Energy Control Board\n", ", the National Research Council (NRC), the National Cancer Institute, local cancer societies and the University. The machine was installed in summer 1948 in a new building built in one angle of the existing Physics department, connected to the main\n", "building. It was manufactured by the Allis-Chalmers Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and was very similar to the one being used at the time by Donald Kerst at the University of Illinois.\n", "The first cancer patient was treated on Mar. 29, 1949 starting the really first concerted clinical investigation of the usefulness of the betatron as a radiotherapeutic tool, with over 300 patients treated in 17 years of operation. The success of the program led to the installation of the world's first cobalt-60 source for radiotherapy at the University in 1951.\n", "Section::::Linear Accelerator: 1962–1983.\n", "The construction of the Linear Accelerator (LINAC) was announced in September 1961, and was portrayed as the next logical step on the University's research path. The 80-foot electron accelerator tube was to create energy six times that of the betatron. The cost of the $1,750,000 facility was split between NRC and the University, with the NRC meeting the cost of the equipment and the University assuming the costs of the new building required to house the machine.\n", "Construction officially began on May 10, 1962, when Sir John Cockcroft, Nobel laureate in Physics, ceremonially turned the first sod.\n", "The Laboratory officially opened in early November 1964 with 75 visiting scientists from around the world in attendance, presenting papers and giving lectures over a period of several days, and hundreds of people showed up for the public open house.\n", "The first experiment was performed by a group from MIT in 1965.\n", "The accelerator was designed and constructed by Varian Associates. It was a four-section 140 MeV machine operating, with the first section designed for higher current (and thus lower energy) for radiation chemistry. A 270\" magnetic system at the end of the first section could divert the electron beam for such research. For radiation protection purposes the accelerator and research facilities were housed in an underground building with 10 feet of compacted gravel above it and considerably thicker shielding over the regions where the full beam intensity was diverted into the experimental areas.\n", "Part of the ancillary equipment included a magnetic spectrometer mounted on a rotating platform, modified from a naval gunmount supplied by the US Office of Naval Research.\n", "The initial experimental program included inelastic electron scattering, photodisintegration, radiation chemistry, biophysics and radiation physics.\n", "During the 1970s SAL regularly published important nuclear physics results, and the LINAC was upgraded to 220 MeV in 1975, and 300 MeV in 1980.\n", "Section::::EROS: 1984–1996.\n", "Linear accelerators have an inherently low duty cycle, and one solution to this is to add a storage ring - a so-called pulse-stretcher ring (PSR). The short particle bursts from the LINAC are injected into the storage ring, and in the time between two\n", "bursts the circulating electrons are slowly extracted from it, to give a nearly continuous beam. A PSR had been proposed for SAL as far back as 1971, and much of the pioneering work on PSRs had been performed by SAL scientists.\n", "In 1983 funding was obtained for a PSR for SAL, and the resulting machine was dubbed the Electron Ring of Saskatchewan (EROS).\n", "As an economical solution, the ring was squeezed into the existing building by the \"ingenious expedient\" of hanging it from the ceiling. \n", "An energy compression system was also installed in the late 1980s, and by 1990, with EROS operational, SAL was once more at the forefront of medium energy nuclear physics. In 1991 the underground experimental area EA2 was enlarged to house a new electron scattering spectrometer. By 1994 SAL was operating 24/7, delivering about 5000 hours of beam for experiments per year.\n", "By the mid 1990s, the declining interest in sub-atomic science in Canada, and the need to refurbish the aging LINAC, convinced NSERC to phase out use of the LINAC. \n", "In 1994 an NSERC panel had proposed that a synchrotron should be built in Canada, and SAL director Dennis Skopik convinced the University to bid to host the new facility.\n", "Section::::The Canadian Light Source and the end of SAL.\n", "The two Universities bidding to host the new synchrotron facility - the Canadian Light Source (CLS) were Saskatchewan and the University of Western Ontario (UWO). NSERC set up a committee of international experts to recommend one of the two sites. UWO, which operated the existing Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility at an American synchrotron, was the clear favourite. One committee member insisted there was no need to travel to Saskatoon in the dead of winter before deciding, as he had visited UWO and was convinced it should be the place. However, in 1996 the committee, which did in fact visit Saskatoon, recommended that the CLS be built in Saskatchewan. The reluctant member had been so impressed by SAL and its personnel that he changed his mind.\n", "Western Economic Diversification funding was obtained for 1996–1999 to allow SAL to \"phase out its subatomic physics work and retain its staff to undertake detailed engineering design work, research Canadian supply sources and move design implementation forward on the CLS project\". \n", "Funding still had to be found for the new facility, and it was not until 1999, that the full funding needed was awarded.\n", "At the start of the CLS construction project in 1999, SAL formally ceased operations and all staff members were transferred into a new not-for-profit corporation, Canadian Light Source Inc., CLSI, which had primary responsibility for the technical design, construction and operation of the new facility.\n", "The end-point tagger was transferred to MAX-Lab at Lund University. \n", "In 2002 the SAL LINAC was refurbished to operate at 250 MeV and now serves as part of the injection system for the CLS storage ring. The current CLS building, finished in 2001, incorporates the old SAL building, with much larger addition built directly adjoining it to house the synchrotron storage ring. The former SAL underground experimental area EA2 now houses a 35MeV LINAC which is part of a CLS project to produce the medical isotope technetium-99m, a mainstay of nuclear medicine.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Canadian Light Source\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7425177", "wikidata_label": "Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory", "wikipedia_title": "Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Humanism\n", "Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition. The meaning of the term \"humanism\" has fluctuated according to the successive intellectual movements which have identified with it. The term was coined by theologian Friedrich Niethammer at the beginning of the 19th century to refer to a system of education based on the study of classical literature (\"classical humanism\"). Generally, however, humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of human freedom and progress. It views humans as solely responsible for the promotion and development of individuals and emphasizes a concern for man in relation to the world.\n", "In modern times, humanist movements are typically non-religious movements aligned with secularism, and today humanism may refer to a nontheistic life stance centred on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world.\n", "Section::::Background.\n", "The word \"humanism\" is ultimately derived from the Latin concept \"humanitas\". It entered English in the nineteenth century. However, historians agree that the concept predates the label invented to describe it, encompassing the various meanings ascribed to \"humanitas\", which included both benevolence toward one's fellow humans and the values imparted by \"bonae litterae\" or humane learning (literally \"good letters\").\n", "In the second century AD, a Latin grammarian, Aulus Gellius (c.125c.180), complained:\n", "Those who have spoken Latin and have used the language correctly do not give to the word \"humanitas\" the meaning which it is commonly thought to have, namely, what the Greeks call φιλανθρωπία (philanthropy), signifying a kind of friendly spirit and good-feeling towards all men without distinction; but they gave to \"humanitas\" the force of the Greek παιδεία (paideia); that is, what we call \"eruditionem institutionemque in bonas artes\", or \"education and training in the liberal arts\". Those who earnestly desire and seek after these are most highly humanized. For the desire to pursue of that kind of knowledge, and the training given by it, has been granted to humanity alone of all the animals, and for that reason it is termed \"humanitas\", or \"humanity\".\n", "Gellius says that in his day \"humanitas\" is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropyor kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human beings. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might call \"humane\" or \"polite\" learning, or the Greek equivalent Paideia. Yet in seeking to restrict the meaning of \"humanitas\" to literary education this way, Gellius was not advocating a retreat from political engagement into some ivory tower, though it might look like that to us. He himself was involved in public affairs. According to legal historian Richard Bauman, Gellius was a judge as well as a grammarian and was an active participant the great contemporary debate on harsh punishments that accompanied the legal reforms of Antoninus Pius (one these reforms, for example, was that a prisoner was not to be treated as guilty before being tried). \"By assigning pride of place to Paideia in his comment on the etymology of \"humanitas\", Gellius implies that the trained mind is best equipped to handle the problems troubling society.\"\n", "Gellius's writings fell into obscurity during the Middle Ages, but during the Italian Renaissance, Gellius became a favorite author. Teachers and scholars of Greek and Latin grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, and poetry were called and called themselves \"humanists\". Modern scholars, however, point out that Cicero (10643BCE), who was most responsible for defining and popularizing the term \"humanitas\", in fact frequently used the word in both senses, as did his near contemporaries. For Cicero, a lawyer, what most distinguished humans from brutes was speech, which, allied to reason, could (and should) enable them to settle disputes and live together in concord and harmony under the rule of law. Thus \"humanitas\" included two meanings from the outset and these continue in the modern derivative, \"humanism\", which even today can refer to both humanitarian benevolence and to a method of study and debate involving an accepted group of authors and a careful and accurate use of language.\n", "During the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), \"humanism\" began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is similar to Protestantism, although centered on human needs, interests, and abilities rather than the supernatural. In the Anglophone world, such modern, organized forms of humanism, which are rooted in the 18th-century Enlightenment, have to a considerable extent more or less detached themselves from the historic connection of humanism with classical learning and the liberal arts.\n", "The first \"Humanist Manifesto\" was issued by a conference held at the University of Chicago in 1933. Signatories included the philosopher John Dewey, but the majority were ministers (chiefly Unitarian) and theologians. They identified humanism as an ideology that espouses reason, ethics, and social and economic justice, and they called for science to replace dogma and the supernatural as the basis of morality and decision-making.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term \"Humanismus\" to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word \"humanism\" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained universal acceptance in 1856, when German historian and philologist Georg Voigt used \"humanism\" to describe Renaissance humanism, the movement that flourished in the Italian Renaissance to revive classical learning, a use which won wide acceptance among historians in many nations, especially Italy.\n", "But in the mid-18th century, during the French Enlightenment, a more ideological use of the term had come into use. In 1765, the author of an anonymous article in a French Enlightenment periodical spoke of \"The general love of humanity ... a virtue hitherto quite nameless among us, and which we will venture to call 'humanism', for the time has come to create a word for such a beautiful and necessary thing\". The latter part of the 18th and the early 19th centuries saw the creation of numerous grass-roots \"philanthropic\" and benevolent societies dedicated to human betterment and the spreading of knowledge (some Christian, some not). After the French Revolution, the idea that human virtue could be created by human reason alone independently from traditional religious institutions, attributed by opponents of the Revolution to Enlightenment \"philosophes\" such as Rousseau, was violently attacked by influential religious and political conservatives, such as Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre, as a deification or idolatry of humanity. Humanism began to acquire a negative sense. The \"Oxford English Dictionary\" records the use of the word \"humanism\" by an English clergyman in 1812 to indicate those who believe in the \"mere humanity\" (as opposed to the divine nature) of Christ, i.e., Unitarians and Deists. In this polarised atmosphere, in which established ecclesiastical bodies tended to circle the wagons and reflexively oppose political and social reforms like extending the franchise, universal schooling, and the like, liberal reformers and radicals embraced the idea of Humanism as an alternative religion of humanity. The anarchist Proudhon (best known for declaring that \"property is theft\") used the word \"humanism\" to describe a \"\"culte, déification de l’humanité\"\" (\"worship, deification of humanity\") and Ernest Renan in \"L’avenir de la science: pensées de 1848\" (\"The Future of Knowledge: Thoughts on 1848\") (1848–49), states: \"It is my deep conviction that pure \"humanism\" will be the religion of the future, that is, the cult of all that pertains to humanityall of life, sanctified and raised to the level of a moral value.\"\n", "At about the same time, the word \"humanism\" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the German government. There has been a persistent confusion between the several uses of the terms: philanthropic humanists look to what they consider their antecedents in critical thinking and human-centered philosophy among the Greek philosophers and the great figures of Renaissance history; and scholarly humanists stress the linguistic and cultural disciplines needed to understand and interpret these philosophers and artists.\n", "Section::::History.:Predecessors.\n", "Section::::History.:Predecessors.:Ancient India.\n", "Human-centered philosophy that rejected the supernatural may also be found circa 1500 BCE in the Lokayata system of Indian philosophy. Nasadiya Sukta, a passage in the Rig Veda, contains one of the first recorded assertions of agnosticism. In the 6th century BCE, Gautama Buddha expressed, in Pali literature a skeptical attitude toward the supernatural:\n", "Since neither soul, nor aught belonging to soul, can really and truly exist, the view which holds that this I who am 'world', who am 'soul', shall hereafter live permanent, persisting, unchanging, yea abide eternally: is not this utterly and entirely a foolish doctrine?\n", "Section::::History.:Predecessors.:Ancient China.\n", "The philosophy of Confucius (551–479 BCE), which eventually became the basis of the state ideology of successive Chinese dynasties and nearby polities in East Asia, contains several humanistic traits, placing a high value on human life and discounting mysticism and superstition, including speculations on ghosts and an afterlife. These values are clearly espoused in the \"Analects of Confucius\", a compilation of quotes and anecdotes attributed to Confucius by his students and philosophical school.\n", "In Chapter 10 of the \"Analects\", an incident involving a fire in the stables is recounted: \"The stables burned. The Master withdrew from court and asked, 'Was anybody hurt?' He did not inquire about the horses.\" This incident is interpreted to illustrate the priority that Confucius placed on human life over any economic losses associated with the fire. Later, in Chapter 11, a disciple, Ji Lu, asks Confucius on how to properly serve ghosts and spirits, and what the Master knows about death. Confucius replied, \"If you do not know the proper way to serve people, what need is there to discuss how to serve ghosts? If you do not understand life, what is the point of understanding death?\" In Chapter 15, the \"Analects\" gives the passive form of the Golden Rule ('the Silver Rule'). When asked for a single word to live one's life in accordance with, Confucius gives the reply, leniency (恕), elaborating, \"Do not impose upon others that which you yourself would not desire.\" \n", "Subsequent Confucian philosophers during the Warring States period (475–221 BCE), including Mencius and Xunzi, likewise centered their philosophies on secular, humanistic concerns, like the nature of good governance and the role of education, rather than ideas founded on the state or folk religions of the time.\n", "Section::::History.:Predecessors.:Ancient Greece.\n", "Sixth-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomorphic gods and Xenophanes refused to recognise the gods of his time and reserved the divine for the principle of unity in the universe. These Ionian Greeks were the first thinkers to assert that nature is available to be studied separately from the supernatural realm. Anaxagoras brought philosophy and the spirit of rational inquiry from Ionia to Athens. Pericles, the leader of Athens during the period of its greatest glory was an admirer of Anaxagoras. Other influential pre-Socratics or rational philosophers include Protagoras (like Anaxagoras a friend of Pericles), known for his famous dictum \"man is the measure of all things\" and Democritus, who proposed that matter was composed of atoms. Little of the written work of these early philosophers survives and they are known mainly from fragments and quotations in other writers, principally Plato and Aristotle. The historian Thucydides, noted for his scientific and rational approach to history, is also much admired by later humanists. In the 3rd century BCE, Epicurus became known for his concise phrasing of the problem of evil, lack of belief in the afterlife, and human-centred approaches to achieving eudaimonia. He was also the first Greek philosopher to admit women to his school as a rule.\n", "Section::::History.:Predecessors.:Medieval Islam.\n", "Many medieval Muslim thinkers pursued humanistic, rational and scientific discourses in their search for knowledge, meaning and values. A wide range of Islamic writings on love, poetry, history and philosophical theology show that medieval Islamic thought was open to the humanistic ideas of individualism, occasional secularism, skepticism, and liberalism.\n", "According to Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad, another reason the Islamic world flourished during the Middle Ages was an early emphasis on freedom of speech, as summarised by al-Hashimi (a cousin of Caliph al-Ma'mun) in the following letter to one of the religious opponents he was attempting to convert through reason:\n", "According to George Makdisi, certain aspects of Renaissance humanism has its roots in the medieval Islamic world, including the \"art of \"dictation\", called in Latin, \"ars dictaminis\"\", and \"the humanist attitude toward classical language\".\n", "Section::::History.:Predecessors.:The Icelandic Sagas.\n", "Scholars including Jacob Grimm, J.R.R. Tolkien and E.O.G. Turville-Petre have identified a stream of humanistic philosophy in the Icelandic sagas. People described as goðlauss (\"without gods\") expressed not only a lack of faith in deities, but also a pragmatic belief in their own faculties of strength, reason and virtue and in social codes of honor independent of any supernatural agency. \n", "In his \"Teutonic Mythology\" (1835), Grimm wrote:\n", "In \"Myth and Religion of the North\" (1964), Turville-Petre argued that many of the strophes of the Gestaþáttr and Loddfáfnismál sections of the \"Havamal\" express goðlauss sentiments despite being poetically attributed to the god Odin. These strophes include numerous items of advice on good conduct and worldly wisdom.\n", "Section::::History.:Renaissance.\n", "Renaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. The 19th-century German historian Georg Voigt (1827–91) identified Petrarch as the first Renaissance humanist. Paul Johnson agrees that Petrarch was \"the first to put into words the notion that the centuries between the fall of Rome and the present had been the age of Darkness\". According to Petrarch, what was needed to remedy this situation was the careful study and imitation of the great classical authors. For Petrarch and Boccaccio, the greatest master was Cicero, whose prose became the model for both learned (Latin) and vernacular (Italian) prose.\n", "Once the language was mastered grammatically it could be used to attain the second stage, eloquence or rhetoric. This art of persuasion [Cicero had held] was not art for its own sake, but the acquisition of the capacity to persuade others – all men and women – to lead the good life. As Petrarch put it, 'it is better to will the good than to know the truth'. Rhetoric thus led to and embraced philosophy. Leonardo Bruni (c.1369–1444), the outstanding scholar of the new generation, insisted that it was Petrarch who \"opened the way for us to show how to acquire learning\", but it was in Bruni's time that the word \"umanista\" first came into use, and its subjects of study were listed as five: grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history\".\n", "The basic training of the humanist was to speak well and write (typically, in the form of a letter). One of Petrarch's followers, Coluccio Salutati (1331–1406) was made chancellor of Florence, \"whose interests he defended with his literary skill. The Visconti of Milan claimed that Salutati’s pen had done more damage than 'thirty squadrons of Florentine cavalry'\".\n", "Contrary to a still widely held interpretation that originated in Voigt's celebrated contemporary, Jacob Burckhardt, and which was adopted wholeheartedly – especially by modern thinkers calling themselves \"humanists\" – most specialists today do not characterise Renaissance humanism as a philosophical movement, nor in any way as anti-Christian or even anti-clerical. A modern historian has this to say:\n", "The \"umanisti\" criticized what they considered the barbarous Latin of the universities, but the revival of the humanities largely did not conflict with the teaching of traditional university subjects, which went on as before.\n", "Nor did the humanists view themselves as in conflict with Christianity. Some, like Salutati, were the Chancellors of Italian cities, but the majority (including Petrarch) were ordained as priests, and many worked as senior officials of the Papal court. Humanist Renaissance popes Nicholas V, Pius II, Sixtus IV, and Leo X wrote books and amassed huge libraries.\n", "In the High Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement. With this end in view, Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought. One humanist, the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho (1355–1452), based in Mystras, Greece (but in contact with humanists in Florence, Venice, and Rome) taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism.\n", "Section::::History.:Renaissance.:Back to the sources.\n", "The humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of \"ad fontes\", or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking out manuscripts of Patristic literature as well as pagan authors. In 1439, while employed in Naples at the court of Alfonso V of Aragon (at the time engaged in a dispute with the Papal States) the humanist Lorenzo Valla used stylistic textual analysis, now called philology, to prove that the Donation of Constantine, which purported to confer temporal powers on the Pope of Rome, was an 8th-century forgery. For the next 70 years, however, neither Valla nor any of his contemporaries thought to apply the techniques of philology to other controversial manuscripts in this way. Instead, after the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Turks in 1453, which brought a flood of Greek Orthodox refugees to Italy, humanist scholars increasingly turned to the study of Neoplatonism and Hermeticism, hoping to bridge the differences between the Greek and Roman Churches, and even between Christianity itself and the non-Christian world. The refugees brought with them Greek manuscripts, not only of Plato and Aristotle, but also of the Christian Gospels, previously unavailable in the Latin West.\n", "After 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin translations with a view to correcting errors and discrepancies in the latter. Erasmus, along with the French humanist Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, began issuing new translations, laying the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Henceforth Renaissance humanism, particularly in the German North, became concerned with religion, while Italian and French humanism concentrated increasingly on scholarship and philology addressed to a narrow audience of specialists, studiously avoiding topics that might offend despotic rulers or which might be seen as corrosive of faith. After the Reformation, critical examination of the Bible did not resume until the advent of the so-called Higher criticism of the 19th-century German Tübingen school.\n", "Section::::History.:Renaissance.:Consequences.\n", "The \"ad fontes\" principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initially, to consider as deriving from divine revelation and thus adaptable to a life of Christian virtue. The line from a drama of Terence, \"Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto\" (or with \"nil\" for \"nihil\"), meaning \"I am a human being, I think nothing human alien to me\", known since antiquity through the endorsement of Saint Augustine, gained renewed currency as epitomising the humanist attitude. The statement, in a play modeled or borrowed from a (now lost) Greek comedy by Menander, may have originated in a lighthearted veinas a comic rationale for an old man's meddlingbut it quickly became a proverb and throughout the ages was quoted with a deeper meaning, by Cicero and Saint Augustine, to name a few, and most notably by Seneca. Richard Bauman writes:\n", "\"Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto.\", I am a human being: and I deem nothing pertaining to humanity is foreign to me.\n", "The words of the comic playwright P.Terentius Afer reverberated across the Roman world of the mid-2nd century BCE and beyond. Terence, an African and a former slave, was well placed to preach the message of universalism, of the essential unity of the human race, that had come down in philosophical form from the Greeks, but needed the pragmatic muscles of Rome in order to become a practical reality. The influence of Terence's felicitous phrase on Roman thinking about human rights can hardly be overestimated. Two hundred years later Seneca ended his seminal exposition of the unity of humankind with a clarion-call:\n", "There is one short rule that should regulate human relationships. All that you see, both divine and human, is one. We are parts of the same great body. Nature created us from the same source and to the same end. She imbued us with mutual affection and sociability, she taught us to be fair and just, to suffer injury rather than to inflict it. She bid us extend our hands to all in need of help. Let that well-known line be in our heart and on our lips: \"Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto\".\"\n", "Better acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls \"a backwards-looking admiration for antiquity\", in which Platonism stood in opposition to the Aristotelian concentration on the observable properties of the physical world. But Renaissance humanists, who considered themselves as restoring the glory and nobility of antiquity, had no interest in scientific innovation. However, by the mid-to-late 16th century, even the universities, though still dominated by Scholasticism, began to demand that Aristotle be read in accurate texts edited according to the principles of Renaissance philology, thus setting the stage for Galileo's quarrels with the outmoded habits of Scholasticism.\n", "Just as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vincipartaking of the \"zeitgeist\" though not himself a humanistadvocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techniques to improve the formal teaching of Aristotelian philosophy at the universities, helping to free them from the grip of Medieval Scholasticism. Thus, the stage was set for the adoption of an approach to natural philosophy, based on empirical observations and experimentation of the physical universe, making possible the advent of the age of scientific inquiry that followed the Renaissance.\n", "It was in education that the humanists' program had the most lasting results, their curriculum and methods:\n", "were followed everywhere, serving as models for the Protestant Reformers as well as the Jesuits. The humanistic school, animated by the idea that the study of classical languages and literature provided valuable information and intellectual discipline as well as moral standards and a civilised taste for future rulers, leaders, and professionals of its society, flourished without interruption, through many significant changes, until our own century, surviving many religious, political and social revolutions. It has but recently been replaced, though not yet completely, by other more practical and less demanding forms of education.\n", "Section::::History.:From Renaissance to modern humanism.\n", "Renaissance scholars associated with humanism were religious, but inveighed against the abuses of the Church, if not against the Church itself. For them, the word \"secular\" carried no connotations of disbeliefthat would come later, in the nineteenth century. In the Renaissance to be secular meant simply to be in the world rather than in a monastery. Petrarch frequently admitted that his brother Gherardo's life as a Carthusian monk was superior to his own (although Petrarch himself was in Minor Orders and was employed by the Church all his life). He hoped that he could do some good by winning earthly glory and praising virtue, inferior though that might be to a life devoted solely to prayer. By embracing a non-theistic philosophic base, however, the methods of the humanists, combined with their eloquence, would ultimately have a corrosive effect on established authority.\n", "Yet it was from the Renaissance that modern Secular Humanism grew, with the development of an important split between reason and religion. This occurred as the church's complacent authority was exposed in two vital areas. In science, Galileo's support of the Copernican revolution upset the church's adherence to the theories of Aristotle, exposing them as false. In theology, the Dutch scholar Erasmus with his new Greek text showed that the Roman Catholic adherence to Jerome's Vulgate was frequently in error. A tiny wedge was thus forced between reason and authority, as both of them were then understood.\n", "For some, this meant turning back to the Bible as the source of authority instead of the Catholic Church, for others it was a split from theism altogether. This was the main divisive line between the Reformation and the Renaissance, which dealt with the same basic problems, supported the same science based on reason and empirical research, but had a different set of presuppositions (theistic versus naturalistic).\n", "Section::::History.:Nineteenth and twentieth centuries.\n", "The phrase the \"religion of humanity\" is sometimes attributed to American Founding Father Thomas Paine, though as yet unattested in his surviving writings. According to Tony Davies: Paine called himself a \"theophilanthropist\", a word combining the Greek for \"God\", \"love\", and \"humanity\", and indicating that while he believed in the existence of a creating intelligence in the universe, he entirely rejected the claims made by and for all existing religious doctrines, especially their miraculous, transcendental and salvationist pretensions. The Parisian \"Society of Theophilanthropy\" which he sponsored, is described by his biographer as \"a forerunner of the ethical and humanist societies that proliferated later\" ... [Paine's book] the trenchantly witty \"Age of Reason\" (1793) ... pours scorn on the supernatural pretensions of scripture, combining Voltairean mockery with Paine's own style of taproom ridicule to expose the absurdity of a theology built on a collection of incoherent Levantine folktales.\n", "Davies identifies Paine's \" The Age of Reason\" as \"the link between the two major narratives of what Jean-François Lyotard calls the narrative of legitimation\": the rationalism of the 18th-century \"Philosophes\" and the radical, historically based German 19th-century Biblical criticism of the Hegelians David Friedrich Strauss and Ludwig Feuerbach. \"The first is political, largely French in inspiration, and projects 'humanity as the hero of liberty'. The second is philosophical, German, seeks the totality and autonomy of knowledge, and stresses \"understanding\" rather than freedom as the key to human fulfilment and emancipation. The two themes converged and competed in complex ways in the 19th century and beyond, and between them set the boundaries of its various humanisms. \"Homo homini deus est\" (\"The human being is a god to humanity\" or \"god is nothing [other than] the human being to himself\"), Feuerbach had written.\n", "Victorian novelist Mary Ann Evans, known to the world as George Eliot, translated Strauss's \"Das Leben Jesu\" (\"\"The Life of Jesus\"\", 1846) and Ludwig Feuerbach's \"Das Wesen Christianismus\" (\"The Essence of Christianity\"). She wrote to a friend:\n", "the fellowship between man and man which has been the principle of development, social and moral, is not dependent on conceptions of what is not man ... the idea of God, so far as it has been a high spiritual influence, is the ideal of goodness entirely human (i.e., an exaltation of the human).\n", "Eliot and her circle, who included her companion George Henry Lewes (the biographer of Goethe) and the abolitionist and social theorist Harriet Martineau, were much influenced by the positivism of Auguste Comte, whom Martineau had translated. Comte had proposed an atheistic \"culte\" founded on human principlesa secular Religion of Humanity (which worshiped the dead, since most humans who have ever lived are dead), complete with holidays and liturgy, modeled on the rituals of what was seen as a discredited and dilapidated Catholicism. Although Comte's English followers, like Eliot and Martineau, for the most part rejected the full gloomy panoply of his system, they liked the idea of a religion of humanity. Comte's austere vision of the universe, his injunction to \"\"vivre pour altrui\"\" (\"live for others\", from which comes the word \"altruism\"), and his idealisation of women inform the works of Victorian novelists and poets from George Eliot and Matthew Arnold to Thomas Hardy.\n", "The British Humanistic Religious Association was formed as one of the earliest forerunners of contemporary chartered Humanist organisations in 1853 in London. This early group was democratically organised, with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership, and promoted knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and the arts.\n", "In February 1877, the word was used pejoratively, apparently for the first time in America, to describe Felix Adler. Adler, however, did not embrace the term, and instead coined the name \"Ethical Culture\" for his new movement a movement which still exists in the now Humanist-affiliated New York Society for Ethical Culture. In 2008, Ethical Culture Leaders wrote: \"Today, the historic identification, Ethical Culture, and the modern description, Ethical Humanism, are used interchangeably.\"\n", "Active in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work \"humanism\" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann. Potter was a minister from the Unitarian tradition and in 1930 he and his wife, Clara Cook Potter, published \"Humanism: A New Religion\". Throughout the 1930s, Potter was an advocate of such liberal causes as, women’s rights, access to birth control, \"civil divorce laws\", and an end to capital punishment.\n", "Raymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of \"The New Humanist\", sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the \"Humanist Manifesto\" in 1933. Potter's book and the Manifesto became the cornerstones of modern humanism, the latter declaring a new religion by saying, \"any religion that can hope to be a synthesising and dynamic force for today must be shaped for the needs of this age. To establish such a religion is a major necessity of the present.\" It then presented 15 theses of humanism as foundational principles for this new religion.\n", "In 1941, the American Humanist Association was organised. Noted members of The AHA included Isaac Asimov, who was the president from 1985 until his death in 1992, and writer Kurt Vonnegut, who followed as honorary president until his death in 2007. Gore Vidal became honorary president in 2009. Robert Buckman was the head of the association in Canada, and is now an honorary president.\n", "After World War II, three prominent Humanists became the first directors of major divisions of the United Nations: Julian Huxley of UNESCO, Brock Chisholm of the World Health Organization, and John Boyd-Orr of the Food and Agriculture Organization.\n", "In 2004, American Humanist Association, along with other groups representing agnostics, atheists, and other freethinkers, joined to create the Secular Coalition for America which advocates in Washington, D.C., for separation of church and state and nationally for the greater acceptance of nontheistic Americans. The Executive Director of Secular Coalition for America is Larry T. Decker.\n", "Section::::Types.\n", "Section::::Types.:Scholarly tradition.\n", "Section::::Types.:Scholarly tradition.:Renaissance humanists.\n", "\"Renaissance humanism\" is the name later given to a tradition of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as \"umanisti\"—\"humanists\". It developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth centuries, and was a response to the challenge of scholastic university education, which was then dominated by Aristotelian philosophy and logic. Scholasticism focused on preparing men to be doctors, lawyers or professional theologians, and was taught from approved textbooks in logic, natural philosophy, medicine, law and theology. There were important centres of humanism at Florence, Naples, Rome, Venice, Mantua, Ferrara, and Urbino.\n", "Humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions. This was to be accomplished through the study of the \"studia humanitatis\", today known as the humanities: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and moral philosophy. As a program to revive the cultural—and particularly the literary—legacy and moral philosophy of classical antiquity, Humanism was a pervasive cultural mode and not the program of a few isolated geniuses like Rabelais or Erasmus as is still sometimes popularly believed.\n", "Section::::Types.:Non-theistic worldviews.\n", "Section::::Types.:Non-theistic worldviews.:Secular humanists.\n", "Secular humanism is a comprehensive life stance or world view that embraces human reason, metaphysical naturalism, altruistic morality and distributive justice, and consciously rejects supernatural claims, theistic faith and religiosity, pseudoscience, and superstition. It is sometimes referred to as Humanism (with a capital H and no qualifying adjective).\n", "The International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) is the world union of 117 Humanist, rationalist, irreligious, atheistic, Bright, secular, Ethical Culture, and freethought organisations in 38 countries. The \"Happy Human\" is the official symbol of the IHEU as well as being regarded as a universally recognised symbol for secular humanism.\n", "According to the IHEU's bylaw 5.1:\n", "Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance, which affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. It stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethic based on human and other natural values in the spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities. It is not theistic, and it does not accept supernatural views of reality.\n", "Section::::Types.:Non-theistic worldviews.:Religious humanists.\n", "\"Religious humanists\" are non-superstitious people who nevertheless see ethical humanism as their religion, and who seek to integrate (secular) humanist ethical philosophy with congregational rituals centred on human needs, interests, and abilities. Though practitioners of religious humanism did not officially organise under the name of \"humanism\" until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, non-theistic religions paired with human-centred ethical philosophy have a long history. A unified Ethical Culture movement was first founded in 1876; its founder, Felix Adler, was a former member of the Free Religious Association and conceived of Ethical Culture as a new religion that would retain the ethical message at the heart of all religions. Ethical Culture was religious in the sense of playing a defining role in people's lives and addressing issues of ultimate concern. Nowadays religious humanists in the United States are represented by organisations such as the American Ethical Union and will simply describe themselves as \"ethical humanists\" or \"humanists\". Secular humanists and religious humanists organise together as part of larger national and international groupings, and differentiate themselves primarily in their attitude to the promotion of humanist thinking.\n", "Earlier attempts at inventing a secular religious tradition informed the Ethical Culture movement. The Cult of Reason () was a religion based on deism devised during the French Revolution by Jacques Hébert, Pierre Gaspard Chaumette and their supporters. In 1793, the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris was turned into a \"Temple of Reason\" and for a time Lady Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars. In the 1850s, Auguste Comte, the Father of Sociology, founded Positivism, a \"religion of humanity\". One of the earliest forerunners of contemporary chartered humanist organisations was the Humanistic Religious Association formed in 1853 in London. This early group was democratically organised, with male and female members participating in the election of the leadership and promoted knowledge of the sciences, philosophy, and the arts.\n", "The distinction between so-called \"ethical\" humanists and \"secular\" humanists is most pronounced in the United States, although it is becoming less so over time. The philosophical distinction is not reflected at all in Canada, Latin America, Africa, or Asia, or most of Europe. In the UK, where the humanist movement was strongly influenced by Americans in the 19th century, the leading \"ethical societies\" and \"ethical churches\" evolved into secular humanist charities (e.g. the British Ethical Union became the British Humanist Association and later Humanists UK). In Scandinavian countries, \"\" or (roughly synonymous with ethical humanism) is a popular strand within humanism, originating from the works of Danish philosopher Harald Høffding. The Norwegian Humanist Association, Human-Etisk Forbund (HEF, literally \"Human-Ethical League\"), belongs to this tendency. Over time, the emphasis on has become less pronounced, and today HEF promotes both (secular humanism) and . In Sweden, the main Swedish humanist group Humanisterna (\"Humanists\") began as a \"human-ethical association\" like the Norwegian humanists before adopting the more prevalent secular humanist model popular in most of Europe. Today the distinction in Europe is mostly superficial.\n", "Section::::Criticism.\n", "Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early-20th-century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental \"slop\" (Hulme) or \"an old bitch gone in the teeth\" (Pound). Postmodern critics who are self-described anti-humanists, such as Jean-François Lyotard and Michel Foucault, have asserted that humanism posits an overarching and excessively abstract notion of humanity or universal human nature, which can then be used as a pretext for imperialism and domination of those deemed somehow less than human. \"Humanism fabricates the human as much as it fabricates the nonhuman animal\", suggests Timothy Laurie, turning the human into what he calls \"a placeholder for a range of attributes that have been considered most virtuous among humans (e.g. rationality, altruism), rather than most commonplace (e.g. hunger, anger)\". Nevertheless, philosopher Kate Soper notes that by faulting humanism for falling short of its own benevolent ideals, anti-humanism thus frequently \"secretes a humanist rhetoric\".\n", "In his book, \"Humanism\" (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics \"humanist anti-humanists\". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of their own. Others, like the German philosopher Heidegger. considered themselves humanists on the model of the ancient Greeks but thought humanism applied only to the German \"race\" and specifically to the Nazis and thus, in Davies' words, were anti-humanist humanists. Such a reading of Heidegger's thought is itself deeply controversial; Heidegger includes his own views and critique of Humanism in Letter On Humanism. Davies acknowledges that, after the horrific experiences of the wars of the 20th century, \"it should no longer be possible to formulate phrases like 'the destiny of man' or the 'triumph of human reason' without an instant consciousness of the folly and brutality they drag behind them\". For \"it is almost impossible to think of a crime that has not been committed in the name of human reason\". Yet, he continues, \"it would be unwise to simply abandon the ground occupied by the historical humanisms. For one thing humanism remains on many occasions the only available alternative to bigotry and persecution. The freedom to speak and write, to organise and campaign in defence of individual or collective interests, to protest and disobey: all these can only be articulated in humanist terms.\"\n", "Modern humanists, such as Corliss Lamont or Carl Sagan, hold that humanity must seek for truth through reason and the best observable evidence and endorse scientific skepticism and the scientific method. However, they stipulate that decisions about right and wrong must be based on the individual and common good, with no consideration given to metaphysical or supernatural beings. The idea is to engage with what is human. The ultimate goal is human flourishing; making life better for all humans, and as the most conscious species, also promoting concern for the welfare of other sentient beings and the planet as a whole. The focus is on doing good and living well in the here and now, and leaving the world a better place for those who come after. In 1925, the English mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead cautioned: \"The prophecy of Francis Bacon has now been fulfilled; and man, who at times dreamt of himself as a little lower than the angels, has submitted to become the servant and the minister of nature. It still remains to be seen whether the same actor can play both parts\".\n", "Section::::Humanistic psychology.\n", "Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that rose to prominence in the mid-20th century in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's behaviorism. The approach emphasizes an individual's inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. Psychologists Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow introduced a positive, humanistic psychology in response to what they viewed as the overly pessimistic view of psychoanalysis in the early 1960s. Other sources include the philosophies of existentialism and phenomenology.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Bauman, Richard. \"Human Rights in Ancient Rome\". Routledge Classical Monographs, 1999\n", "BULLET::::- Berry, Philippa and Andrew Wernick. \"The Shadow of Spirit: Post-Modernism and Religion\". Routledge, (1992) 2006.\n", "BULLET::::- Burckhardt, Jacob, 1860.\n", "BULLET::::- Christopher S. Celenza and Kenneth Gouvens, Editors. \"Humanism and Creativity in the Renaissance\". Leiden 2006, pp.295–326\n", "BULLET::::- Davies, Tony. \"Humanism\" \"The New Critical Idiom\". Drakakis, John, series editor. University of Stirling, UK. Routledge, 1997\n", "BULLET::::- Ferguson, Wallace K. \"The Renaissance in Historical Thought. Five Centuries of Interpretation\". New York: Nachdruck: AMS, 1981 (Boston: Mifflin, 1948)\n", "BULLET::::- Gay, Peter. \"Enlightenment: The Science of Freedom\". New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 1996\n", "BULLET::::- Gay, Peter. \"The Party of Humanity: Essays in the French enlightenment\". New York: W. W. Norton (1971).\n", "BULLET::::- Giustiniani, Vito. \"Homo, Humanus, and the Meanings of Humanism\", \"Journal of the History of Ideas\" 46 (vol. 2, AprilJune 1985): 16795. \n", "BULLET::::- Grafton, Anthony. \"Bring Out Your Dead: The Past as Revelation\". Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004\n", "BULLET::::- Grafton, Anthony. \"Defenders of the Text: The Traditions of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450–1800\". Harvard University Press, 1991\n", "BULLET::::- Grendler, Paul F. '\"Georg Voigt: Historian of Humanism\", in: \"Humanism and Creativity in the Renaissance: Essays in Honor of Ronald G. Witt\".\n", "BULLET::::- Guinness, Os. \"The Dust of Death\" Intervarsity Press 1973\n", "BULLET::::- Hale, John. \"A Concise Encyclopaedia of the Italian Renaissance\". Oxford University Press, 1981 .\n", "BULLET::::- Johnson, Paul. \"The Renaissance\". \"Modern Library Chronicles\". New York: Modern Library, 2002\n", "BULLET::::- Kristeller, Paul Oskar. \"Renaissance Thought and its Sources\". Columbia University Press, 1979\n", "BULLET::::- Kristeller, Paul Oskar. \"The Renaissance Philosophy of Man\". The University of Chicago Press, 1950.\n", "BULLET::::- Laurie, Timothy. In \"Deleuze and the Non-Human\", edited by Hannah Stark and Jonathan Roffe, pp. 142–62. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2015\n", "BULLET::::- Partner, Peter. \"Renaissance Rome, Portrait of a Society 1500–1559\" University of California Press, 1979\n", "BULLET::::- Proctor, Robert. \"Defining the Humanities.\" Indiana University Press, 1998\n", "BULLET::::- Schmitt, Charles B. and Quentin Skinner, Editors. \"The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy\". Cambridge, 1990.\n", "BULLET::::- Vernant, Jean-Pierre. \"Origins of Greek Thought\". Cornell University Press, (1962) 1984\n", "BULLET::::- Wernick, Andrew. \"Auguste Comte and the Religion of Humanity: The Post-theistic Program of French Social Theory\". Cambridge University Press, 2001\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- \"In Our Time\" with Melvyn Bragg. Humanism. BBC Radio discussion with Tony Davies, Department of English, University of Birmingham; Lisa Jardine, Professor of Renaissance Studies, Queen Mary College, University of London and Honorary Fellow of Kings College Cambridge; Simon Goldhill, Reader in Greek Literature and Culture at Kings College Cambridge.\n", "BULLET::::- Humanism at the Open Directory Project. A web portal to Humanist Societies.\n", "BULLET::::- \"The Philosophy of Humanism\" by Corliss Lamont\n", "BULLET::::- \"American Humanist Association\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"International Humanist and Ethical Union\"\n", "BULLET::::- \"Humanists UK\"\n", "BULLET::::- https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/42028/1/2010_Del-Olmo_Teoria_Humanismo_I.pdf\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Endeavour Field\n", "Colloquially known as Shark Park during Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks matches, and known by its commercial name PointsBet Stadium. Shark Park is a rugby league stadium in the southern Sydney suburb of Woolooware, New South Wales, Australia. It is the home ground of the Cronulla-Sutherland Rugby League Club, which represents the Cronulla and Sutherland Shire areas in the National Rugby League competition. Unique among NRL clubs, the Sharks own and operate their home ground. The Sharkies Leagues Club sits beside the stadium.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The stadium was built in 1960 and currently has a capacity of 22,000.\n", "The Cronulla-Sutherland Rugby League Club own the stadium and Leagues Club next door, the only club in the NRL to own their own stadium. Local councils usually own sporting venues in Australia.\n", "On 21 April 2006, the Federal Government announced a A$9.6 million grant would be given to the Cronulla Sharks to upgrade the stadium. The upgrade included a new covered stand to seat over 1,500 spectators at the southern end. The new stand was completed in time for the 2008 season.\n", "Renovations are also planned for the ET Stand, named for Cronulla club legend and games record holder Andrew Ettingshausen, and the Peter Burns Stand. Facilities planned for the Leagues Club include a new swimming pool and a gym.\n", "Section::::Ground usage.\n", "Section::::Ground usage.:Rugby league.\n", "In the NRL competition, the Cronulla Sutherland Sharks team has been playing at this venue since 1969, which was the club's third season into the competition (they had previously played at Sutherland Oval from 1967 until 1968).\n", "High turnout in crowd numbers are usual when the Sharks play local-derby rivals, the St George Illawarra Dragons. The ground attendance record is 22,302, which was set when the Sharks took on the Dragons in May 2004.\n", "In late 2017, the ground hosted the 2017 Women's Rugby League World Cup tournament. It played host to the group stages and semi-finals matches. The grand final was held at Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane.\n", "Section::::Ground usage.:Soccer.\n", "The Sydney Olympic FC club played at the ground for two seasons, from 2001 until 2003, in the former National Soccer League.\n", "Section::::Naming rights.\n", "The ground has had numerous naming rights deals. Names of this ground over the years have been:\n", "BULLET::::- Endeavour Field\n", "BULLET::::- Ronson Field\n", "BULLET::::- Caltex Field\n", "BULLET::::- Shark Park\n", "BULLET::::- Toyota Park\n", "BULLET::::- Toyota Stadium\n", "BULLET::::- LG Park\n", "BULLET::::- Remondis Stadium\n", "BULLET::::- Southern Cross Group Stadium\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of sports venues with the name Toyota\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "AFAS Stadion\n", "AFAS Stadion, formerly called DSB Stadion is a stadium in Alkmaar, Netherlands. It is used for football matches and is the home stadium of AZ. The stadium is able to hold 17,023 people and it officially opened on August 4, 2006 with a friendly against Arsenal. AZ lost the match 3–0, with Gilberto Silva scoring the stadium's first ever goal. The first Eredivisie game against NAC Breda was won 8–1 by the home team with the German midfielder Simon Cziommer scoring a hat-trick.\n", "AFAS Stadion replaces the club's former ground, Alkmaarder Hout. The main stand is called Victorie Tribune, the stand with the fanatic supporters is called Van der Ben Tribune (Ben-Side), the stand behind the other goal is called the Alkmaarderhouttribune, in honour of the former stadium, and the stand opposite to the main stand is called Molenaar Tribune after the brothers Cees and Klaas Molenaar, founders of AZ. The official name is AFAS Stadion, but some supporters call it Victorie Stadion, a name that alludes to the turning point victory over Spanish troops besieging Alkmaar during the Eighty Years' War.\n", "In order to further grow the club's budget the AZ Board made the decision to increase the stadium's capacity to 30,000 seats. This was to be achieved by adding a second tier to 3 of the 4 stands, leaving the main stand (The Victorie Tribune) as is. Construction was to begin in the second half of 2010. Construction never got underway though, as the club's main sponsor, and one of the main financial contributors to the project, DSB Bank, went bankrupt shortly before work was to get underway, and as of 2017 the capacity remains at 17,023.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- AZ official site on the stadium, general information\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official AZ website\n", "BULLET::::- Photos of building the stadium by AZ Fanpage I\n", "BULLET::::- Photos of building the stadium by AZ Fanpage II\n", "BULLET::::- Dirk Scheringa announces plans to expand DSB Stadion\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Tuckahoe station\n", "The Tuckahoe station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in the village of Tuckahoe, New York. It is 16 miles (25.7 km) from Grand Central Terminal and travel time there is approximately 39 minutes. As of August 2006, daily commuter ridership was 1,378 and there are 314 parking spots. This station is located in the Zone 3 Metro-North fare zone.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The New York and Harlem Railroad laid tracks through Tuckahoe during the mid-1840s, and evidence of a station in Tuckahoe can be found at least as far back as the 1850s. The current Tuckahoe station building was originally built in 1901, by the New York Central Railroad, and was given an additional baggage elevator approximately in 1912. The station continued to serve commuters without much change until the New York Central merged with rival Pennsylvania Railroad to form Penn Central in 1968. As Penn Central was facing bankruptcy, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority began subsidizing service in 1970, and high-level platforms were constructed to accommodate the new M1A electric MU cars being delivered at the time. Operation of the railroad continued and was passed on to Conrail in 1976. Metro-North took over direct operation in 1983.\n", "In the Spring of 1989, the platforms were reconstructed, along with those of Fleetwood, Bronxville, and Crestwood stations. The baggage and freight elevators were also converted into passenger elevators. Along with Hartsdale and Scarsdale, it is one of three stations on the Harlem Line that features a Starbucks coffee shop inside its station building, a location which opened in June 2006.\n", "Section::::Station layout.\n", "This station has two high-level side platforms, each 12 cars long.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Metro-North Railroad - Tuckahoe\n", "BULLET::::- List of upcoming train departure times and track assignments from MTA\n", "BULLET::::- Tuckahoe Station and vicinity during the April 16, 2007 Nor'easter (Flickr)\n", "BULLET::::- Tuckahoe Metro-North Station (TheSubwayNut)\n", "BULLET::::- Station House from Google Maps Street View\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Bronxville station\n", "The Bronxville station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in the village of Bronxville, New York. It is 15.3 miles (24.6 km) from Grand Central Terminal and travel time there is approximately 37 minutes. This station is located in the Zone 3 Metro-North fare zone.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The New York and Harlem Railroad laid tracks through Bronxville during the mid-1840s, and evidence of a station in Bronxville can be found at least as far back as 1858. A second station was built in 1893 by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, replacing a previous station which was also the home of Lancaster Underhill, a descendant of John Underhill, the man responsible for creating \"Underhill's Crossing\". The third and current Bronxville Station was built in 1916 by the New York Central Railroad, in the Spanish-Mission revival architecture designed to match that of the nearby Gramatan Hotel. As with the rest of the Harlem Line, the merger of New York Central with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 transformed it into a Penn Central station, and then its service was gradually merged with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, and officially became part of Metro-North in 1983. In the Spring of 1989, the platforms were reconstructed, along with those of Fleetwood, Tuckahoe, and Crestwood stations. As of August 2006, daily commuter ridership was 3,109 and there are 331 parking spots.\n", "Section::::Station layout.\n", "This station has two high-level side platforms, each 12 cars long.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Metro-North Railroad - Bronxville\n", "BULLET::::- List of upcoming train departure times and track assignments from MTA\n", "BULLET::::- Bronxville Metro-North Station (TheSubwayNut)\n", "BULLET::::- Station from Google Maps Street View\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Fleetwood station\n", "The Fleetwood station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in the Fleetwood section of Mount Vernon, New York. It is from Grand Central Terminal and travel time there is approximately 34 minutes.\n", "As of August 2006, daily commuter ridership was 2,355 and there are 654 parking spots. This station is located in the Zone 3 Metro-North fare zone.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Fleetwood station was originally built on October 25, 1924 by the New York Central Railroad. The Cross County Parkway was built over the station, and was widened during the 1950s and 1960s. As with the rest of the Harlem Line, the merger of New York Central with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 transformed it into a Penn Central station, whose service was gradually merged with the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, and officially became part of Metro-North in 1983. In the Spring of 1989, the platforms were reconstructed, along with those of Bronxville, Tuckahoe, and Crestwood stations. A two-track girder bridge over the Bronx River can be found north of the station. When the station was triple-tracked, a new bridge for the third track was built north of the station.\n", "Section::::Station layout.\n", "This station has two slightly offset high-level platforms each 12 cars long.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Metro-North Railroad - Fleetwood\n", "BULLET::::- List of upcoming train departure times and track assignments from MTA\n", "BULLET::::- West Broad Street entrance from Google Maps Street View\n", "BULLET::::- Platforms from Google Maps Street View\n", "BULLET::::- Waiting Room (Above Platforms) from Google Maps Street View\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ottawa Central Station\n", "Ottawa Central Station is the primary inter-city bus terminus located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It used to have the same management as Montreal's major bus terminal, Gare d'autocars de Montréal before the latter was purchased by the Quebec government. On February 7, 2011, the terminal operations were sold to Corporate Customer Service Limited, a sub-contractor of Greyhound Canada. Corporate Customer Service formed a new company, Ottawa Central Station Inc., to manage the terminal. On September 1, 2011, Corporate Customer Service Ltd. handed over the head lease to Greyhound, who in turn negotiated and signed a long-term lease with the property's owner. Ottawa Central Station Inc. remains as an agency within a Greyhound terminal. The building and the lot is owned by Crerar Silverside Corporation. The station is located at 265 Catherine Street, between Kent Street and Lyon Street, just north of Highway 417, the primary expressway through Ottawa.\n", "The station includes free Wi-Fi, an ATM, vending machines and a Mr. Sub restaurant featuring Country Style hot beverages and baked goods. Protect Guard Services operates as the station's main security. Ideal Control Systems and First Student offices are located on the second level of the terminal.\n", "The station's operating hours are daily from 5:00 am to 2:30 am. The parcel department's hours are Monday to Friday 7:00 am to 8:00 pm, Saturday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm and Sunday/holidays 12:00 pm to 5:00 pm.\n", "The majority of buses serving the station are operated by Greyhound Canada. Destinations from Ottawa include Toronto (with connections to the United States), Montreal (with connections to the United States and Quebec City), Syracuse (with connections to New York City and Philadelphia), and Sudbury.\n", "On January 21, 2016, Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services began operating between Ottawa Central Station and Sudbury to better serve passengers connecting to and from Northern Ontario communities.\n", "On February 29, 2016, Autobus Gatineau, a subsidiary of Autobus Maheux, began operating between Ottawa Central Station and Grand-Remous after Greyhound reduced service to Fridays and Sundays only. Greyhound later discontinued offering this service altogether.\n", "On December 15, 2008, new security measures by Greyhound came into place. All Greyhound passengers are subject to random screening prior to boarding the bus, which includes the use of wand metal detectors and searching carry-on items. Any passenger refusing to be searched is not permitted to travel.\n", "Section::::Proposed relocation.\n", "In early 2010, Ottawa Mayor Larry O'Brien announced that he was working with Greyhound to move to bus terminal to a new location next to the Via Rail station on Tremblay Road, effectively creating a transport hub along with the proposed LRT. According to O'Brien, talks had been going on for a while and Greyhound seemed warm to the idea, however the Catherine station's owner, Stewart Robertson, was never consulted and only learned through the media about the proposed move. The move has sparked controversy and mixed opinions with the public and local politicians, stating that the proposed location is inconvenient as it is not central, or more convenient as it is along the Transitway.\n", "Robertson, the station's owner, released renderings of a proposed renovation that would see the inside and outside of the terminal's aesthetics improved as well as the terminal's heating and ventilation system, however these improvements would only come if Greyhound were to sign a long-term agreement with Robertson, which in the end would result in Station Centrale being phased out as the terminal's operators.\n", "On March 11, 2011, it was revealed that Stewart Robertson had applied for rezoning of the lot to general mixed-use as a contingency plan if Greyhound were to leave.\n", "In September 2011, Greyhound signed a long-term lease with Crerar Silverside Corporation. As a result, the terminal will not be relocated and extensive renovations are to be done to the station in 2011 and 2012, possibly totalling over one million dollars.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Greyhound Canada\n", "BULLET::::- Voyageur Colonial Bus Lines\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Greyhound Canada\n", "BULLET::::- Ottawa Central Station\n", "BULLET::::- Investigation Services Ltd.\n", "BULLET::::- Keep It Downtown, Ottawa\n", "BULLET::::- YOW Airporter Shuttle\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2401314", "wikidata_label": "Ottawa Central Station", "wikipedia_title": "Ottawa Central Station" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Thornwood station\n", "The Thornwood station was a stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving the hamlet of Thornwood, New York until its closure in 1984. During its existence, the station was one of the most lightly used on the Harlem Line. Prior to closing it had only half the weekday service of the neighboring Hawthorne and Pleasantville stations, and was merely a flag stop for four trains on weekends.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The New York and Harlem Railroad laid tracks through what would later become the Village of Sherman Park during the 1840s. The community of Sherman Park was built around the tracks in 1891, and the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad station was soon established there. The village was dissolved in 1914 and renamed \"Thornwood,\" and the station was renamed as such. Sometime during the late-1950s the former Richardson Romanesque depot was replaced with a simple brick structure.\n", "As with most of the Harlem Line, the merger of New York Central with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 transformed the station into a Penn Central Railroad station. Penn Central's continuous financial despair throughout the 1970s forced them to turn over their commuter service to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority which made it part of Metro-North in 1983. When electrification of the Harlem Line between North White Plains and Brewster North in 1984, the station was not upgraded due to sharp track curvature and low ridership precluding such upgrades, and as such was closed on March 4, 1984. At the time of closing, what few customers Thornwood had were directed to use the Pleasantville station (1 mile north) as a replacement. The former station house, which is located where New York State Route 141 moves from Commerce Street to Franklin Avenue is now occupied by the Thornwood-Hawthorne Chamber of Commerce, which was established the year after the station was closed.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Harlem Line Tour - Photos of Thornwood\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "DF-15\n", "The Dong-Feng 15 (a.k.a. DF-15, M-9, CSS-6) is a short-range ballistic missile developed by the People's Republic of China. The DF-15 and the newer DF-16 are thought to be the only non-nuclear missiles in use by the People's Liberation Army Second Artillery Corps. The U.S. Department of Defense estimated in 2008 that China had 315-355 DF-15 missiles and 90-110 launchers.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Development on the DF-15 began in 1985 with a finalized design proposal being approved by the PLA in 1987. From the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, testing of the missile was done in the Gobi Desert. The first public display of the missile took place at the Beijing Defense Exposition in 1986. The SAC had allegedly deployed a small number of the missiles the following year.\n", "Section::::Description.\n", "The DF-15 uses a solid fuel, single-stage rocket. It is vertically launched from an eight-wheeled transporter erector launcher (TEL). The missile's trajectory is guided using small thrusters and an inertial guidance system on the warhead. The warhead is only a tenth of the size of the missile body. After the body and warhead separate, the body trails behind to camouflage the warhead. The terminal velocity of the missile is over Mach 6. It can deliver a payload up to , with accuracy of 300 m circular error probability (CEP).\n", "The DF-15A is a variant that employs control fins at the rear of the missile and on the reentry vehicle, GPS updates, and terminal radar guidance. Its payload is believed to be with a range of and improved accuracy of 30–45 m CEP. The DF-15B is a further upgraded variant with similar features, as well as an active radar seeker and laser rangefinder. It is capable of ranges between with greater accuracy of 5–10 m CEP.\n", "The DF-15C is a bunker buster variant equipped with a deep-penetration warhead, with a range of and accuracy of 15–20 m CEP. It was originally designed with the intention of destroying the Heng Shan Military Command Center in Taiwan's capital of Taipei, which was built to withstand a 20 kiloton nuclear blast, a 2 kiloton conventional bomb blast, or an electromagnetic pulse; another target would be Chiashan Air Force Base. In the event of an invasion, the destruction of Taiwan's major command center would make it difficult to coordinate defenses. The missile's range also threatens locations as far as Kyushu in Japan, U.S. military bases in Okinawa and the Indian capital of New Delhi.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- DF-16\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- CSIS Missile Threat - DF-15\n", "BULLET::::- Sinodefense description\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "北约代号: CSS-6", "出口型: M-9" ] }, "description": "short-range ballistic missile", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1024420", "wikidata_label": "DF-15", "wikipedia_title": "DF-15" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Montrose station (Metro-North)\n", "The Montrose station was a station on the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, serving the hamlet of Montrose, New York. It closed in 1996 when it and the next station southbound, Crugers, were replaced by the Cortlandt station between them.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The station, isolated and lightly used, and Crugers station were replaced as part of the last stage of expanding the Hudson Line to six-car high-level platforms. Together, they recorded 332 riders in the morning peak in 1991. While they could be converted to high-level platforms, there was no space to lengthen the platforms or provide expanded parking because the station was surrounded by protected wetlands as well as a bridge abutment adjacent to the station prohibiting such expansion. The station had 102 parking spaces for commuter usage. The station closed on June 30, 1996.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Former Montrose Station images (WorldNYCSubway.org)\n", "BULLET::::- Former Montrose Metro-North Station (Road and Rail Pictures)\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "station on the Hudson Line of the Metro-North Railroad", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6906460", "wikidata_label": "Montrose", "wikipedia_title": "Montrose station (Metro-North)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "TaylorMade\n", "TaylorMade Golf Company is an American manufacturer of golf clubs, bags and accessories based in Carlsbad, California, United States. TaylorMade Golf was sold by Adidas to KPS Capital Partners in October 2017. \n", "TaylorMade's initial success came with the innovation of metal drivers, which debuted in 1979 and have subsequently dominated the golf market. In September 2012, \"Outside\" magazine named TaylorMade one of America's \"Best Places to Work\".\n", "Section::::History.\n", "TaylorMade incorporated in 1979 after Gary Adams borrowed $24,000 on his house and leased a 6,000 square foot building in McHenry, Illinois. He originally had three employees and sold only one item, his newly invented 12-degree loft metalwood. The metalwood was unique in its steel construction - replacing persimmon as the primary material from which modern drivers are manufactured - and adopted the nickname \"Pittsburgh Persimmon\".\n", "Starting with $47,000 in sales in 1979, the company eventually reached its first billion dollars in revenue in 2006, marking only the second time in history that a golf brand had achieved this milestone. TaylorMade was independently owned until 1984, when Salomon S.A. acquired the company. At the time, the union was strategically compatible for both companies which were innovators in their industries: Salomon wanted to diversify and made the decision to enter a \"three-season\" market, and TaylorMade benefited from the worldwide resources of Salomon. This ownership maintained until Adidas bought Salomon in 1997.\n", "Shortly after the Adidas acquisition, the image and focus of TaylorMade were redirected to take over the driver market; the company succeeded in achieving this goal in late 2005, when it officially became the top driver in golf. TaylorMade bought golf clothing companies Ashworth in 2008 and Adams Golf in 2012. On May 10, 2017 it was announced that KPS Capital Partners acquired TaylorMade for US$425 million. The deal was completed in November of 2017.\n", "Days after the deal was completed, TaylorMade released a statement to say it had parted company with Sergio García, who had been with the brand for 15 years.\n", "Section::::Tour professionals.\n", "An accurate, updated list of TaylorMade Golf's sponsored athletes, who compete on the PGA, Web.com, European, Champions, LPGA, and other major tours around the world, can be found on the company's brand website. \n", "BULLET::::- Rory McIlroy\n", "BULLET::::- Tiger Woods\n", "BULLET::::- Rickie Fowler\n", "BULLET::::- Dustin Johnson\n", "BULLET::::- Jason Day\n", "BULLET::::- Jon Rahm\n", "Other Top Tour Professionals\n", "BULLET::::- Carl Pettersson\n", "BULLET::::- Robert Allenby\n", "BULLET::::- Darren Clarke\n", "BULLET::::- Martin Laird\n", "BULLET::::- Lucas Glover\n", "BULLET::::- Robert Garrigus\n", "BULLET::::- Ryan Palmer\n", "BULLET::::- Brendon Todd\n", "BULLET::::- Bo Van Pelt\n", "BULLET::::- Jeff Overton\n", "BULLET::::- Ryan Moore\n", "BULLET::::- Camilo Villegas\n", "BULLET::::- D. A. Points\n", "BULLET::::- John Senden\n", "BULLET::::- Brian Harman\n", "BULLET::::- Justin Leonard\n", "BULLET::::- Trevor Immelman\n", "BULLET::::- Retief Goosen\n", "BULLET::::- Jim Herman\n", "BULLET::::- Mike Weir\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Adams Golf\n", "BULLET::::- Ashworth\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- TaylorMade Golf\n", "BULLET::::- KPS Capital Partners\n", "BULLET::::- Adidas golf\n", "BULLET::::- Golfing magazine article on Gary Adams, founder of TaylorMade\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "TaylorMade-Adidas" ] }, "description": "golf equipment manufacturer", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1380797", "wikidata_label": "TaylorMade Golf Company", "wikipedia_title": "TaylorMade" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "New York State Route 137\n", "New York State Route 137 (NY 137) is a long state highway in Westchester County, New York, in the United States. The route is a continuation of Connecticut's Route 137, which links NY 137 to Stamford, Connecticut. NY 137 goes through the hamlet of Pound Ridge and ends at NY 121 north of the hamlet of Bedford, locally known as Bedford Village.\n", "Section::::Route description.\n", "NY 137 begins at the New York–Connecticut state line in the town of Pound Ridge as a northern continuation of CT 137 (High Ridge Road). Immediately after crossing the state line, NY 137 passes east of the Pound Ridge Golf Club, which runs along the state line. NY 137 proceeds north through Pound Ridge as High Ridge Road, intersecting with Old Snake Hill Road, which runs along Snake Hill and re-intersects a short distance later. After descending from Snake Hill, NY 137 enters the hamlet of Sarles Corners, where it intersects with Upper Shad Road. After leaving Sarles Corners, NY 137 bends northward, becoming a two-lane residential street through Pound Ridge, running along the side of Horseshoe Hill, where it intersects with Westchester Avenue. At this junction, NY 137 drops the High Ridge Road moniker, and gains the Westchester Avenue moniker.\n", "After the junction, NY 137 continues northward through the town of Pound Ridge, soon entering the hamlet with the same name. The hamlet consists of several residences, commercial businesses and most importantly, a junction with the eastern terminus of NY 172 (Pound Ridge Road). After bending northeast out of downtown, NY 137 passes the Hiram Halle Memorial Library and into a junction with NY 124 (Salem Road). At this junction, NY 137 bends north, intersects with a connector road to NY 124 then turns northwest on Stone Hill Road. Stone Hill Road is a two-lane wooded street, and NY 137 proceeds northwest through the town of Pound Ridge past a pond. A short distance later, residences appear along the highway as it climbs westward along Stone Hill.\n", "After descending from Stone Hill, NY 137 bends southwest passing several ponds and the Stone Hill River as it works its way west once again. Passing several residences, NY 137 begins winding west into the town of Beford. Through Bedford, NY 137 retains the Stone Hill Road moniker, crosses over Stone Hill River as it descends towards the hamlet of Bedford, where it intersects with NY 121 (Old Post Road). This intersection serves as the northern terminus of NY 137.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The roadway that make up NY 137 from NY 121 in the town of Bedford to Westchester Avenue in the area of Horseshoe Hill along with the alignment of former NY 137A was upgraded to state standards in the early 1900s. The segment, designated as unsigned State Highway 1306 (SH 1306), , was given a contract on August 31, 1915. The highway took over six years to complete, with construction being completed on November 23, 1921, at the cost of $111,453.53 (1921 USD) with $72,446.09 paid by the state of New York.\n", "NY 137 was first designated in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York as a continuation of the road leading north from Stamford, Connecticut. The original route ran from NY 22 north of the hamlet of Bedford to the Connecticut line by way of Girdle Ridge and Pea Pond roads and a short overlap with NY 121. On September 1, 1980, ownership and maintenance of Girdle Ridge and Pea Pond roads was transferred from the state of New York to Westchester County as part of a highway maintenance swap between the two levels of government. NY 137 was truncated to the southern terminus of its overlap with NY 121 as a result. The former routing of NY 137 along Girdle Ridge and Pea Pond roads was redesignated as County Route 309. An expressway was planned along the NY–CT Route 137 corridor in the 1950s.\n", "Section::::NY 137A.\n", "NY 137A was a spur route in the town of Pound Ridge that connected NY 137 to the Connecticut state line, where it connected to State Highway 184 (later Route 124), by way of Westchester Avenue. It was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. NY 137A was renumbered to NY 104 , which in turn was renumbered to NY 394 to eliminate numerical duplication with U.S. Route 104 in Upstate New York. In 1967, NY 394 became an extension of NY 124. The extension was short-lived as NY 124 was truncated back to the hamlet of Pound Ridge by 1970. Westchester Avenue is now maintained by the town of Pound Ridge.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of county routes in Westchester County, New York\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "NY 137" ] }, "description": "highway in New York", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q2487365", "wikidata_label": "New York State Route 137", "wikipedia_title": "New York State Route 137" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Avianca Cargo\n", "Avianca Cargo (formerly Tampa Cargo-Transportes Aereos Mercantiles PanAmericanos) is a cargo airline based at José María Córdova International Airport in Medellín, Colombia. It is an all-cargo airline transporting flowers from Latin America to Miami, as well as general cargo throughout the Americas. It has hubs at El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá; Miami International Airport; and Jorge Chávez International Airport, Lima.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The airline was established by Luís H. Coulson along with Captain Juan Fernando Mesa, Captain Orlando Botero Escobar and Captain Anibal Obando Echeverri. It commenced operations on 11 March 1973. Douglas DC-6A piston-engine aircraft formed part of the initial fleet that was acquired. These were retired in the early 1980s.\n", "Martinair of the Netherlands acquired a 40% stake in Tampa Cargo in 1996. Avianca of Colombia acquired a 100% stake in Tampa Cargo in 2008.\n", "On September 27, 2011, Avianca ordered four Airbus A330-200F aircraft to replace the existing Tampa Cargo fleet, with deliveries to commence in December 2012. This made Tampa Cargo the first A330F operator in Latin America.\n", "The airline was re-branded as Avianca Cargo in May 2013.\n", "Section::::Destinations.\n", "Avianca Cargo operates to the following destinations:\n", "Section::::Fleet.\n", "The Avianca Cargo fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of August 2017):\n", "Section::::Fleet.:Former fleet.\n", "The airline previously operated the following aircraft:\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "airline", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q1139445", "wikidata_label": "Avianca Cargo", "wikipedia_title": "Avianca Cargo" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Clinopodium\n", "Clinopodium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is in the tribe Mentheae of the subfamily Nepetoideae, but little else can be said with certainty about its phylogenetic position.\n", "The genus name \"Clinopodium\" is derived from the Latin \"clinopodion\", from the Ancient Greek (), from () \"bed\" and () \"little foot\". These were names for \"Clinopodium vulgare\".\n", "\"Clinopodium\" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including \"Coleophora albitarsella\".\n", "Various \"Clinopodium\" species are used as medicinal herbs. For example, \"C. laevigatum\" is used in Mexico as a tea under the name or to cure hangovers, stomach aches, and liver disease.\n", "Section::::Taxonomy.\n", "\"Clinopodium\" has been defined very differently by different authors. Some have restricted it to as few as 13 species, all closely related to the type species, \"Clinopodium vulgare\". In the latest revision of Lamiaceae, \"Clinopodium\" encompassed about 100 species, including those otherwise placed in the genera \"Acinos\", \"Calamintha\", and \"Xenopoma\". This circumscription, called \"Clinopodium\" sensu lato, was shown to be polyphyletic in 2004.\n", "Section::::Selected species.\n", "Section::::Selected species.:Formerly placed here.\n", "BULLET::::- \"Micromeria douglasii\" (as \"C. douglasii\" )\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Common Lisp Interface Manager\n", "The Common Lisp Interface Manager (CLIM) is a Common Lisp-based programming interface for creating user interfaces—i.e., GUIs. It is a completely object-oriented User Interface Management System, using the Common Lisp Object System and is based on the idea of stream input and output. There are also facilities for output device independence. It is descended from the GUI system Dynamic Windows of Symbolics's Lisp machines Main development was between 1988 and 1993. CLIM 2.0 was released in 1993.\n", "CLIM has been designed to be portable across different Common Lisp implementations and different window systems. It uses a reflective architecture for its window system interface. CLIM supports, like Dynamic Windows, so-called Presentations.\n", "CLIM is available for Allegro CL, LispWorks, Macintosh Common Lisp, and Symbolics Genera\n", "A free implementation of CLIM is called McCLIM. McCLIM has several extensions to CLIM and has been used for several applications like Climacs, an Emacs-like editor. McCLIM also provides a mouse-sensitive Lisp Listener, a REPL for Common Lisp.\n", "Section::::Applications using CLIM.\n", "BULLET::::- BB1, Blackboard system\n", "BULLET::::- CLASP, analyze data from experiments by using graphics, statistical tests and various kinds of data manipulation\n", "BULLET::::- CLIB, a prototype of an interface builder for CLIM\n", "BULLET::::- Direct Labor Management System, managing the automobile manufacturing process system at Ford's assembly plants\n", "BULLET::::- GenEd, An Editor with Generic Semantics for Formal Reasoning about Visual Notations\n", "BULLET::::- Grasper-CL, a graph management system\n", "BULLET::::- KONWERK, a domain independent configuration tool\n", "BULLET::::- Mirage, an editor for building gadget-oriented graphical user interfaces.\n", "BULLET::::- SENEX, a CLOS/CLIM application for molecular pathology\n", "BULLET::::- SPIKE, scheduling system for the Hubble space telescope observations. Also used for ASTRO-D, an X-Ray observation astronomy mission\n", "BULLET::::- SpyGlass, an analysis environment for viewing packet traces, from BBN.\n", "BULLET::::- VITRA Workbench, an integrated vision and natural language processing system\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- CLIM 2.0 Specification as multiple HTML pages(McCLIM tarballs contain the specification's TeX sources)\n", "BULLET::::- McCLIM Project Page\n", "BULLET::::- Climacs Project Page\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "New York State Route 172\n", "New York State Route 172 (NY 172) is an state highway in Westchester County, New York, in the United States. The route begins at NY 117 in the village of Mount Kisco and ends in the hamlet of Pound Ridge at NY 137.\n", "Section::::Route description.\n", "NY 172 begins at a large junction with NY 117 (Main Street) just south of downtown in the village of Mount Kisco. NY 172 proceeds eastward through Mount Kisco as South Bedford Road, a two-lane commercial street before leaving Mount Kisco for the town of Bedford. After crossing into Bedford, NY 172 becomes a two-lane road through dense woods before bending eastward into a small commercial stretch at West Patent Road. After West Patent, NY 172 makes a bend to the southeast, returning to the dense woods, which soon gets split by residences on both sides of the roadway. NY 172 continues winding its way southeast through the town of Bedford, soon entering exit 4 of I-684, which crosses over the highway through Bedford. \n", "After I-684, NY 172 continues southeast as South Bedford Road, a short distance as the two-lane wooded road, before commercial businesses appear near Baldwin Road. At this junction, NY 172 turns northeast, proceeding towards the census-designated place of Bedford (also known as Bedford Village), passing the high school. At Clark Road, the route bends southeast, entering the downtown section, where it intersects with NY 22 (Old Post Road). NY 172 and NY 22 become concurrent, proceeding northeast through the village, becoming a two-lane commercial street near Hunting Ridge Mall. Near Washington Avenue, the surroundings become residential before entering the village green, where NY 22 proceeds north and NY 172 forks to the southeast on Pound Ridge Road.\n", "Southeast of the village green, NY 172 proceeds southeast through Bedford as a two-lane residential roadway, paralleling the Mianus River, which runs south of the roadway. The route continues eastward through Bedford, crossing a junction with Long Ridge Road and continues northeast as the two-lane residential street. At the junction with Hickory Lane, NY 172 bends southeast, becoming a two-lane densely wooded street once again. Near Appleby Road, this reverses as NY 172 starts evening eastward as a residential street. Passing several ponds, the roadway enters the town of Pound Ridge at the shores of Blue Heron Lake. Near the lake, NY 172 proceeds northeast as a two-lane residential street, soon bending eastward into the hamlet. In the hamlet of Pound Ridge, NY 172 becomes a commercial street, intersecting with NY 137 (Westchester Avenue). This intersection serves as the eastern terminus for NY 172.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "NY 172 was established as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. Originally, it only extended between Mount Kisco and Bedford Village. The section east of NY 22 was originally maintained by Westchester County as part of County Route 3 (CR 3) from NY 22 to Long Ridge Road and as CR 103 from Long Ridge Road to NY 137. On September 1, 1980, ownership and maintenance of Pound Ridge Road between Bedford and Pound Ridge was transferred from the county to the state of New York as part of a larger highway maintenance swap between the two levels of government. Pound Ridge Road became an extension of NY 172 following the swap.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of county routes in Westchester County, New York\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Unbuilt Ossining–South Salem Expressway info at NYCROADS.com\n" ] }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Malaysian Electronic Payment System\n", "The Malaysian Electronic Payment System (MEPS) is an interbank network service provider in Malaysia. In August 2017, MEPS has merged with Malaysian Electronic Clearing Corporation Sdn Bhd (MyClear) to form Payments Network Malaysia Sdn Bhd (PayNet).\n", "With the result of the merger, PayNet is now the holding company for the PayNet Group which comprises two main subsidiaries, namely Malaysian Electronic Payment System Sdn Bhd (MEPS) and MEPS Currency Management Sdn Bhd (MCM). The PayNet Group is Malaysia's premier payments network and central infrastructure for financial markets.\n", "Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) is PayNet's single largest shareholder, with eleven Malaysian's financial institutions namely, Malayan Banking Berhad, RHB Bank Berhad, Public Bank Berhad, CIMB Bank Berhad, AmBank (M) Berhad, Hong Leong Bank Berhad, Affin Bank Berhad, Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad, Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad, Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad and Bank Kerjasama Rakyat Malaysia Berhad, as joint shareholders.\n", "MEPS plays the integral role in the implementation of smart cards for automated teller machine (ATM) cards, which are an upgrade to chip-based cards from previous magnetic-stripe cards issued to all banks' customers.\n", "The card is also known as \"Bankcard\", a card with multiple functions. There are three main functions that can be used, namely ATM (with various combinations of banking transactions), e-debit (online purchase payment) transactions at participating merchants and MEPS Cash (a stored-value card that can be used to pay at participating merchants).\n", "MEPS is a member of the Asian Payment Network (APN).\n", "Section::::Role.\n", "In brief, MEPS’ role encompasses:\n", "BULLET::::- Development and implementation of payment services\n", "BULLET::::- Provision and management of shared infrastructure for participating financial institutions\n", "BULLET::::- Operating e-payment clearing and settlement systems for the financial industry\n", "BULLET::::- Governing adherence to relevant standards\n", "BULLET::::- Developing technical standards and specifications for the Smart Card\n", "BULLET::::- Certification services for payment smart card and personalisation centres\n", "MEPS provide the following services through its network to all participating banks:\n", "BULLET::::- Nationwide Shared ATM Network – An interbank switching infrastructure network for routine banking transactions including cash withdrawal, funds transfer, credit card and loan repayment, account balance inquiry, mobile prepaid top-up, MEPS CASH loading and Touch n’ Go top-up\n", "BULLET::::- Cross-Border Initiative – A cross-border ATM network and link with six countries; providing inter-country cash withdrawal services and will be expanded to include inter-country funds transfer and balance enquiry\n", "BULLET::::- Regional Switching for Financial Institutions – Provision of ATM switching services for member banks amongst their regional branches\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS ATM – Deployment of white-label ATMs which are owned and managed by MEPS. The ATMs offer services ranging from domestic and cross-border cash withdrawal, domestic balance enquiry and funds transfer. Cardholders of participating banks in Malaysia have access to these ATMs while cash advance facilities for MasterCard and Visa cardholders would be enabled soon\n", "BULLET::::- Payment Multi-Purpose Card Specification (PMPC) – A proprietary ATM and Debit chip-card standard which was developed by MEPS. MEPS is the central coordinating body for the national implementation of the PMPC and is responsible for developing the PMPC chip card specification, technical standards, technical integration, support and coordination. MEPS is upgrading the PMPC standard to become EMV compliant and renamed as Malaysian Chip Card Specification (MCCS).\n", "Section::::Member banks.\n", "Listed below is the participating banks. However, some participating banks provide only selected few of the services offered by MEPS as mentioned above.\n", "BULLET::::- Affin Bank\n", "BULLET::::- Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad\n", "BULLET::::- Al Rajhi Bank\n", "BULLET::::- Agro Bank Malaysia (formerly known as Bank Pertanian Malaysia)\n", "BULLET::::- AmBank\n", "BULLET::::- Bank Islam Malaysia\n", "BULLET::::- Bank Rakyat\n", "BULLET::::- Bank Muamalat Malaysia\n", "BULLET::::- Bank Simpanan Nasional\n", "BULLET::::- CIMB Bank\n", "BULLET::::- Citibank\n", "BULLET::::- Hong Leong Bank\n", "BULLET::::- HSBC Bank\n", "BULLET::::- Industrial and Commercial Bank of China\n", "BULLET::::- Kuwait Finance House\n", "BULLET::::- Maybank\n", "BULLET::::- OCBC Bank\n", "BULLET::::- Public Bank\n", "BULLET::::- RHB Bank\n", "BULLET::::- Standard Chartered Bank\n", "BULLET::::- United Overseas Bank\n", "Section::::Member banks.:Former members.\n", "BULLET::::- Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings (Restructured as CIMB Bank)\n", "BULLET::::- Southern Bank (Merged with CIMB Bank)\n", "BULLET::::- EON Bank (Merged with Hong Leong Bank)\n", "Section::::Awards & recognition.\n", "MEPS is accredited with the following:\n", "BULLET::::- ISO / IEC 27001 for Information Security Management System (ISMS)\n", "BULLET::::- ISO 9001: 2008 Quality Management System\n", "BULLET::::- MS 1900: 2005 Quality Management Systems – Requirements from Islamic Perspectives\n", "BULLET::::- The BrandLaureate Masters Awards in Interbank Payment Services\n", "BULLET::::- Malaysian Book of Records as First IT Company to be Certified from Islamic Perspectives\n", "BULLET::::- Top Ten Favourite Brands by Superbrands Malaysia\n", "BULLET::::- 2015 Cards & Electronic Payments International (CEPI) Asia Payment Awards – Best Peer-to-Peer Payments Initiative (Highly Commended)\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- ATM usage fees\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS FAQ\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS ATM network goes 24/7 on May 1, 2008\n", "BULLET::::- OCBC Customers Can Make ATM Withdrawals Via MEPS Network for FREE\n", "BULLET::::- Foreign banks join MEPS\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS to deploy 1,580 non-bank ATMs in 5 years\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS' ambitious plan targets 1,580 more non-bank ATMs\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS labur RM16j untuk ATM\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS akan sediakan 1,580 ATM bukan bank dalam tempoh lima tahun\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS to deploy 1,580 non-bank ATMs within 5 years\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS wujud 1,580 ATM\n", "BULLET::::- MEPS chosen as Top Ten Favourite Brands by Superbrands Malaysia\n", "BULLET::::- MyClear, MEPS merge to form PayNet\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6741957", "wikidata_label": "Malaysian Electronic Payment System", "wikipedia_title": "Malaysian Electronic Payment System" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Battle of Troina\n", "The Battle of Troina was an important battle that took place between 31 July and 6 August 1943, as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily during World War II. Forces of the U.S. II Corps, part of the U.S. Seventh Army, under George S. Patton, engaged in fierce fighting around the town of Troina in the central portion of Sicily along the Caronie Mountains. The battle focused around the numerous hills and mountains surrounding Troina which the Germans had heavily fortified and used as bases for direct and indirect fire.\n", "Section::::Background.\n", "On 29 July 1943, after 20 days of combat, it was clear to both the Allied and German high commands that Sicily was lost and 80,000-100,000 American and British troops would break through the German and Italian Etna Line. The US 7th Army commander, Lieutenant General George S. Patton Jr, had ordered the US 1st and 9th Infantry Divisions to be moved into the valley to attack the city of Troina. Generals Omar Bradley (the commander of US II Corps) and Patton ordered the two divisions be pulled out of the line once Troina fell. Troina was considered one of the main anchors of the Etna Line. It was defended by the 15th Panzer Grenadier Division commanded by Generalleutnant Eberhard Rodt and four battalions of General di Divisione Giacomo Romano's 28 Infantry Division Aosta. The Axis forces, in deep trenches, had a clear view of the oncoming Allied soldiers, who had little cover.\n", "Section::::Background.:Order of Battle.\n", "Section::::Background.:Order of Battle.:Allied Forces.\n", "BULLET::::- U.S. II Corps (Lieutenant General Omar Bradley)\n", "BULLET::::- 1st Infantry Division (Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen)\n", "BULLET::::- 16th Infantry Regiment\n", "BULLET::::- 18th Infantry Regiment\n", "BULLET::::- 26th Infantry Regiment\n", "BULLET::::- 9th Infantry Division (Major General Manton Eddy)\n", "BULLET::::- 39th Infantry Regiment\n", "BULLET::::- 60th Infantry Regiment\n", "BULLET::::- 4th Tabor of Moroccan Goums\n", "BULLET::::- 91st Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron\n", "Section::::Background.:Order of Battle.:Axis Forces.\n", "BULLET::::- 15th Panzergrenadier Division (Generalmajor Eberhard Rodt)\n", "BULLET::::- 28th Italian Aosta Infantry Division (Generale di Divisione Giacomo Romano)\n", "Section::::The battle.\n", "The Battle of Troina began on 31 July, when the Germans repelled an advance by the 39th Infantry, a 9th Infantry Division formation temporarily attached to the 1st Division, commanded by Major General Terry Allen. This setback forced Bradley and Allen to orchestrate a massive assault. Early on the first day of fighting, Sergeant Gerry H. Kisters of the 91st Cavalry was awarded the Medal of Honor for silencing two machine gun positions. Over the next six days the men of the 1st Infantry Division, together with elements of the 9th Division, a French Moroccan infantry battalion, 165 artillery pieces (divided among 9 battalions of 105-mm howitzers, 6 battalions of 155-mm howitzers, and 1 battalion of 155-mm \"Long Tom\" guns), and numerous Allied aircraft, were locked in combat with Troina's tenacious defenders. Control of key hilltop positions changed hands often, with the Germans and Italians launching more than two dozen counterattacks during the week-long battle. During one Italian counterattack, Lieutenant-Colonel Giuseppe Gianquinto's 1st Battalion, 5th Regiment of the 'Aosta' managed to take 40 American prisoners.\n", "The experience of Colonel John Bowen's 26th Infantry Regiment was fairly typical of the action around Troina. The 26th's assignment was to outflank Troina by seizing Monte Basilio two miles north of the town. From here, the regiment would be positioned to cut the Axis line of retreat. Bowen moved his soldiers forward on 2 August supported by the fire of 1 battalion of 155-mm howitzers, 4 battalions of 105-mm howitzers and 4 \"Long Tom\" batteries. Despite this weighty arsenal, German artillery fire and difficult terrain limited the regiment's advance to half a mile. The next morning one of the regiment's battalions lost its bearings in the hilly terrain and wandered around ineffectually for the remainder of the day. A second battalion reached Monte Basilio with relatively little difficulty, only to be pounded by Axis artillery fire directed from neighboring hills. The 115th Panzergrenadier Regiment launched a failed offensive to retake the mountains; they were repelled by machine gun fire.\n", "For the next two days the men on Monte Basilio were pinned down by artillery fire. Determined to hold Troina for as long as possible, the Germans reacted strongly to the threat the 26th Regiment posed to their line of communications. Axis pressure practically cut off the men on Monte Basilio from the rest of the 1st Division, and attempts to resupply them from the air were only partially successful. By 5 August food and ammunition were low and casualties had greatly depleted the regiment, with one company mustering only seventeen men effective for duty.\n", "It was at this point that the German infantry attacked again, touching off another round of furious fighting. During the battle, Pvt. James W. Reese moved his mortar squad to a position from which he could effectively engage the advancing German infantry. The squad maintained a steady fire on the attackers until it began to run out of ammunition. With only three mortar rounds left, Reese ordered his crew to the rear while he advanced to a new position and knocked out a German machine gun with the last rounds. He then shouldered a rifle and continued to engage the enemy until he was killed by a barrage of hostile fire.\n", "Through the efforts of men like Reese, the 26th Infantry held its position. The United States recognized Reese's heroism posthumously by awarding him the Medal of Honor.\n", "The Germans evacuated Troina later that night. Hard pressed by American forces throughout the Troina sector and unable to dislodge the 26th Regiment from its position threatening his line of retreat, General Hube withdrew the badly damaged 15th Panzer Grenadier Division toward Randazzo. As the 9th Infantry Division took up the pursuit, the 1st Division retired for rest.\n", "While the 1st Infantry Division battled for possession of Troina, Major General Lucian Truscott's 3rd Division encountered opposition at San Fratello, the northern end of the Etna Line. Here the 29th Panzer Grenadier Division along with the Italian 26th Assietta Infantry Division, that had been allocated the most exposed section of the line, had entrenched itself on a ridge overlooking the coastal highway. Truscott made repeated attempts to crack the San Fratello position beginning on 3 August, but failed to gain much ground. The strength of the German position prompted him to try to outflank it by an amphibious end run. On the night of 7–8 August, while the 3rd Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, and 3rd Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment, seized a key hill along the San Fratello Line, Lieutenant Colonel Lyle Bernard led the 2nd Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment, reinforced by two batteries from the 58th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, a platoon of medium tanks, and a platoon of combat engineers, in an amphibious landing at Sant'Agata, a few miles behind San Fratello. The amphibious assault force achieved complete surprise and quickly blocked the coastal highway. Unfortunately, the Germans had selected that night to withdraw from San Fratello, without advising the Italian defenders. and most of their troops had already retired past Bernard's position by the time the Americans arrived. Nevertheless, the 3rd Infantry Division's combined land and sea offensive took over 1,000 prisoners.\n", "Section::::Aftermath.\n", "Allied pressure had broken the Etna Line, but there would be no lightning exploitation of the victory. Taking maximum advantage of the constricting terrain and armed with a seemingly inexhaustible supply of mines, General Hube withdrew his XIV Panzer Corps in orderly phases toward Messina.\n", "Patton made a second bid to trap the 29th Panzer Grenadier Division on 11 August, when he sent Colonel Bernard on another amphibious end run, this time at Brolo. Once again Bernard's men achieved complete surprise, but they soon came under heavy pressure as the German units trapped by the landing tried to batter their way out. Bernard's group proved too small to keep the Germans bottled up, and by the time Truscott linked up with the landing force, the bulk of the 29th Panzer Grenadier Division had escaped.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q4872596", "wikidata_label": "Battle of Troina", "wikipedia_title": "Battle of Troina" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Moldevatnet\n", "Moldevatnet (\"Lake Molde\") is the main reservoir and water supply for the city of Molde in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The lake is the source of the river Moldeelva and it is located about north of the city, and the north end lies about southeast of the border with Fræna Municipality.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- List of lakes in Norway\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "lake in Molde, Norway", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q3435936", "wikidata_label": "Moldevatnet", "wikipedia_title": "Moldevatnet" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Duchcov\n", "Duchcov (; ) is a town in the Teplice District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population around 8,500 and is located at the foot of the Ore Mountains. It is also the site of the Castle of Dux.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "The first documented reference to the town is from 1207, referring to the older name Hrabišín. A brewery was established in 1675.\n", "Until 1918, Dux (bilingual names \"Dux – Duchov\" at the end of the 19th century) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Austria side after the compromise of 1867), head of the district with the same name, one of the 94 \"Bezirkshauptmannschaften\" in Bohemia.\n", "A post-office was opened in July 1857.\n", "In 1938, it was occupied by the Nazi army as one of the municipalities in Sudetenland. The German speaking population was expelled in 1945 (further to the Beneš decrees) and replaced by Czech settlers.\n", "Section::::Castle of Dux.\n", "The castle was built in the 13th century as a fort. In the 18th century Giacomo Casanova spent his last years in the castle. In the 19th century it was rebuilt in the classicist style. As of 2008, the Castle of Dux is open to visitors.\n", "Section::::Famous resident.\n", "BULLET::::- Giacomo Casanova (1725–1798), Italian adventurer, stayed in Dux for 13 years as a librarian and died in the Dux Castle\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Official website (Czech)\n", "BULLET::::- Map of Duchcov (Czech)\n", "BULLET::::- Description of the city on Bohemianet\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "town in the Czech Republic", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q158584", "wikidata_label": "Duchcov", "wikipedia_title": "Duchcov" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Molde Archipelago\n", "The Molde Archipelago () is a chain of about 50 tree-clad islands and islets, about south the town of Molde in Molde Municipality, Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The islands lie across the Moldefjorden from the town of Molde. The archipelago is public, protected land, and a recreational resort. The main island, Hjertøya, hosts the Museum of Fisheries, a collection of maritime culture from the 17th-19th centuries, and is serviced by water taxi from Molde.\n", "Access to the islands is free and unrestricted, but in compliance with the guidelines from Molde's municipal park and environmental department.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "archipelago in Molde, Norway", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6895760", "wikidata_label": "Molde Archipelago", "wikipedia_title": "Molde Archipelago" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Newton High School (New Jersey)\n", "Newton High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Newton, in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States, operating as part of the Newton Public School District. Students from Andover Borough, and Andover and Green townships, attend the high school as part of sending/receiving relationships.\n", "As of the 2015-16 school year, the school had an enrollment of 760 students and 68.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1. There were 127 students (16.7% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 28 (3.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.\n", "Section::::History.\n", "Newton's residents approved a 1916 referendum to build a high school. A winning bid was accepted that year, but delays related to obtaining workers and inflated costs during World War I extended the construction. Newton High School had served the region, with 13 districts sending students as part of sending/receiving relationships. The opening of High Point Regional High School in September 1966 ended the attendance of students from Branchville Borough, Frankford Township and Lafayette Township. Students from Fredon Township, Hampton Township, Sandyston Township, Stillwater Township and Walpack Township left Newton High School with the opening of Kittatinny Regional High School in 1975.\n", "Section::::Awards, recognition and rankings.\n", "The school was the 168th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in \"New Jersey Monthly\" magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's \"Top Public High Schools\", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 130th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 167th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 160th in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 168th in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state.\n", "Section::::Academic achievements.\n", "Section::::Academic achievements.:SAT Scores.\n", "In the 2013-14 school year, Newton High School ranked second in Sussex County out of nine other public high schools in SAT scores.\n", "Section::::Academic achievements.:Graduation rates.\n", "According to the \"New Jersey Herald\", the graduation rate for Newton High School is 84.8%. This rate exceeds the national high school graduation rate of approximately 70%.\n", "Section::::Extracurricular activities.\n", "Newton High School offers a variety of extracurricular activities, clubs, and groups. They include \"Aurora\" yearbook, \"Calliope\" magazine, Student Council, Peer Leadership, Red Cross Club, Best Buds, Future Farmers of America, Interact, Art Club, Multicultural Club, and Spanish/German/French clubs. Honor Societies include the National Honor Society, French National Honor Society, German National Honor Society and Spanish National Honor Society. Academic Leagues include various Science Leagues (which include the highly successful physics, biology, earth science, and chemistry teams), Math League (a consistent leading county contender), and the Academic Bowl.\n", "Section::::Extracurricular activities.:Jazz Band.\n", "The Newton High School Jazz Band program has been highly successful over the past years. Jazz Band is considered an extracurricular, but the high school also offers Concert Band (for lower level performers) and Wind Ensemble (for more advanced instrumentalists) courses which can be added to one's school schedule.\n", "Section::::Extracurricular activities.:Robotics team.\n", "Newton High School's FIRST Robotics Competition team, team 3142, won the Rookie All-Star Award in the New York City Regional Competition in 2010.\n", "Section::::Athletics.\n", "The Newton High School Braves compete in the Northwest Jersey Athletic Conference, following a reorganization of sports leagues in Northern New Jersey by the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 578 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2015-16 school year as North I, Group II for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 495 to 762 students in that grade range. Prior to the 2010 realignment, the school participated in the Sussex County Interscholastic League until the SCIL was dissolved in 2009.\n", "The school participates as the host school / lead agency in a joint ice hockey program with Lenape Valley Regional High School, under an agreement that expires at the end of the 2017-18 school year; Lenape Valley is the host school for joint boys' and girls' swimming programs shared by the two schools that expires at the end of the 2017-18 school year.\n", "The Newton High School students who cheer on the school's athletic teams are known as the Ryerson Rowdies.\n", "Section::::Athletics.:Field hockey.\n", "The field hockey team won the North I Group I state sectional championship in 1976 and 1979, and won the North I Group II title in 1981-1986.\n", "Section::::Athletics.:Wrestling.\n", "The team won the North I Group I state sectional championships in 2009 and 2010, won against Kittatinny Regional High School both years. 2009 marked the program's first sectional title, achieved with a 40-26 win against Kittatinny. The team won its second consecutive title with a 36-28 win against Kittatinny, and made it to the Group I state championship before losing to Paulsboro High School.\n", "Section::::Athletics.:Boys' baseball.\n", "BULLET::::- The 1985 boys' baseball team won the Group II state championship, defeating Shore Regional High School in the tournament final.\n", "Section::::Athletics.:Girls' basketball.\n", "BULLET::::- In 2001, the girls' basketball team took the North I, Group II title, edging Harrison High School 67-65. The 2002 team repeated the title, topping Indian Hills High School 62-56 in the tournament final. The team won for a third consecutive year in 2003, defeating Dumont High School 67-46.\n", "Section::::Athletics.:Boys' soccer.\n", "BULLET::::- The boys' soccer team won the North I, Group II state sectional championship in 1999 with a 2–0 win over Hopatcong High School.\n", "BULLET::::- The 2005 team won the North I, Group II state sectional title with a 2–0 win against Glen Rock High School.\n", "BULLET::::- The 2011 team won the North I, Group II state sectional title with a 1–0 win against Mountain Lakes High School.\n", "BULLET::::- The team won the Group II state championship in 2012, defeating Holmdel High School in the tournament final.\n", "Section::::Athletics.:Football.\n", "The program finished the season with an undefeated 12-0 record and won its first sectional championship in 2017, with a 28-14 win against Lakeland Regional High School in the final game of the North I, Group II tournament, played at Kean University.\n", "Section::::Administration.\n", "Core members of the school's administration are:\n", "BULLET::::- Jeff Waldron, Principal\n", "BULLET::::- Ryan Hashway, Assistant Principal / Athletic Director\n", "BULLET::::- Samantha Castro, Assistant Principal\n", "Section::::Notable alumni.\n", "BULLET::::- John C. Mather (born 1946), winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2006.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- Newton High School web pages\n", "BULLET::::- School Data for the Newton Public School District, National Center for Education Statistics\n", "BULLET::::- SaveNHS.org\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7020252", "wikidata_label": "Newton High School", "wikipedia_title": "Newton High School (New Jersey)" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Izabelin, Gmina Kramsk\n", "Izabelin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village in Greater Poland, Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q11714711", "wikidata_label": "Izabelin, Gmina Kramsk", "wikipedia_title": "Izabelin, Gmina Kramsk" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Konstantynów, Greater Poland Voivodeship\n", "Konstantynów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Kramsk, east of Konin, and east of the regional capital Poznań.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village in Greater Poland, Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6430269", "wikidata_label": "Konstantynów, Greater Poland Voivodeship", "wikipedia_title": "Konstantynów, Greater Poland Voivodeship" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Kramsk\n", "Kramsk is a village in Konin County, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Kramsk. It lies approximately east of Konin and east of the regional capital Poznań.\n", "The village has a population of 1,200.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village of Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q985369", "wikidata_label": "Kramsk", "wikipedia_title": "Kramsk" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Kramsk-Łazy\n", "Kramsk-Łazy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village in Greater Poland, Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6436063", "wikidata_label": "Kramsk-Łazy", "wikipedia_title": "Kramsk-Łazy" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Kramsk-Łęgi\n", "Kramsk-Łęgi is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west central Poland.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village in Greater Poland, Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q6436065", "wikidata_label": "Kramsk-Łęgi", "wikipedia_title": "Kramsk-Łęgi" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Ping Shan stop\n", "Ping Shan () is an at-grade MTR Light Rail stop located at Castle Peak Road in Yuen Long District, near Ping Shan. It began service on 18 September 1988 and belongs to Zone 4.\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "MTR Light Rail stop", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7195690", "wikidata_label": "Ping Shan stop", "wikipedia_title": "Ping Shan stop" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Chemtou Museum\n", "The Chemtou Museum is an archaeological museum located in Chemtou, Tunisia. The museum was designed by archaeologists with the Tunisian National Heritage Institute and the German Archaeological Institute with offices located in Rome, Italy. It has the distinction of being located in the area of the old Roman city of Simmithu, near the entrepot's marble quarry in what was the ancient Berber kingdom of Numidia.\n", "Section::::Marble quarries.\n", "The exploitation of marble began on site in the 2nd century and was operated by the Roman emperors. The location of the area, not far from the Medjerda River, allowed for mass production for export.\n", "The museum presents the archaeological discoveries made nearby. Among the remains exposed, include sandstone green schist (dated from the 3rd century BC). A tiara has also been excavated, which belonged to the Numidian royal family. In addition, there is the restored façade of a religious monument on a hill nearby.\n", "A series of Roman mill races to horizontal water turbines have also been discovered. This indicates that technologically, part of the activities at the site had been mechanised.\n", "Section::::See also.\n", "BULLET::::- Culture of Tunisia\n", "BULLET::::- List of archaeological sites by continent and age\n", "BULLET::::- List of archaeological sites by country\n", "BULLET::::- List of museums in Tunisia\n", "Section::::References.\n", "BULLET::::- Aïcha, Ben Abed, Carthage. Capitale de l'Africa, Connaissance des arts, hors-série Carthage n°69, 1995, p. 28.\n", "Section::::External links.\n", "BULLET::::- chimtou.com, museum's official website\n", "BULLET::::- Musée de Chemtou at l'Institut national du patrimoine (in French)\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "archaeological museum in Chemtou, Tunisia", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q163299", "wikidata_label": "Chemtou Museum", "wikipedia_title": "Chemtou Museum" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Podgór\n", "Podgór is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Podgor" ] }, "description": "Polish village", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7206752", "wikidata_label": "Podgór", "wikipedia_title": "Podgór" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Rudzica, Greater Poland Voivodeship\n", "Rudzica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Kramsk, north-east of Konin, and east of the regional capital Poznań.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village in Greater Poland, Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q7377732", "wikidata_label": "Rudzica, Greater Poland Voivodeship", "wikipedia_title": "Rudzica, Greater Poland Voivodeship" }

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{ "paragraph": [ "Strumyk, Gmina Kramsk\n", "Strumyk is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Kramsk, north-east of Konin, and east of the regional capital Poznań.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [] }, "description": "village in Greater Poland, Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q9347021", "wikidata_label": "Strumyk, Gmina Kramsk", "wikipedia_title": "Strumyk, Gmina Kramsk" }

{ "end": [ 20, 67, 88, 116, 184, 199, 240 ], "href": [ "village", "Gmina%20Kramsk", "Konin%20County", "Greater%20Poland%20Voivodeship", "Kramsk", "Konin", "Pozna%C5%84" ], "paragraph_id": [ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ], "start": [ 13, 55, 76, 90, 178, 194, 234 ], "text": [ "village", "Gmina Kramsk", "Konin County", "Greater Poland Voivodeship", "Kramsk", "Konin", "Poznań" ], "wikipedia_id": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], "wikipedia_title": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }

{ "paragraph": [ "Wysokie, Greater Poland Voivodeship\n", "Wysokie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kramsk, within Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Kramsk, east of Konin, and east of the regional capital Poznań.\n", "Section::::References.\n", "br\n" ] }

{ "aliases": { "alias": [ "Wysokie" ] }, "description": "village in Greater Poland, Poland", "enwikiquote_title": "", "wikidata_id": "Q8040579", "wikidata_label": "Wysokie, Greater Poland Voivodeship", "wikipedia_title": "Wysokie, Greater Poland Voivodeship" }