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What are the causes of a pterygium? | Scientists do not know what causes pterygia to develop. However, since people who have pterygia usually have spent a significant time outdoors, many doctors believe ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun may be a factor. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Laryngopharyngeal cancer ? | Call your health care provider if:
You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Scleroderma ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:
You have symptoms of scleroderma You have scleroderma and symptoms become worse or new symptoms develop </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Goitre ? | Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder. Follow the health care provider's recommendations for follow-up visits. </s> |
What to expect if I have Chagas disease (Outlook/Prognosis)? | About 30% of infected people who are not treated will develop chronic or symptomatic Chagas disease. It may take more than 20 years from the time of the original infection to develop heart or digestive problems. Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia) may cause sudden death. Once heart failure develops, death usually occurs within several years. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Ataxia telangiectasia? | Decreased coordination of movements (ataxia) in late childhood
Ataxic gait (cerebellar ataxia) Jerky gait Unsteady
Decreasing mental development, slows or stops after age 10-12 Delayed walking Discoloration of skin areas exposed to sunlight Discoloration of skin (coffee-with-milk colored spots) Enlarged blood vessels in skin of nose, ears, and inside of the elbow and knee Enlarged blood vessels in the whites of the eyes Jerky or abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) late in the disease Premature graying of the hair Seizures Sensitivity to radiation, including medical x-rays Severe respiratory infections that keep coming back (recurring) </s> |
What causes duodenitis? | There are many things that can cause duodenitis.
High acid secretion, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Some drugs, such as aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) Stress Irritative diet Alcohol abuse H. pylori or giardia infection </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Neoplastic meningitis ? | Patients with documented cancer manifesting with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, cardiorespiratory distress and sudden onset neurological deficiets should seek urgent care. </s> |
What to expect if I have Severe acute respiratory syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? | As the first wave of SARS began to subside, the death rate proved to have been about 14 or 15 percent of those diagnosed. In people over age 65, the death rate was higher than 50 percent. Many more were sick enough to require mechanical ventilation. And more still were sick enough to require hospitalization in intensive care units.
Intensive public health policies are proving to be effective in controlling outbreaks. Many nations have stopped the epidemic within their own countries. All nations must be vigilant, however, to keep this disease under control. Viruses in the coronavirus family are known for their ability to change (mutate) in order to better spread among humans. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Myeloproliferative neoplasm ? | Medical care for (disease name) can be found here. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Keloids ? | They are more common in people ages 10 to 20, and in African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics. Keloids often run in families. Keloidosis is a term used when many or repeated keloids occur. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Breast lumps ? | Call your doctor if:
The skin on your breast appears dimpled or wrinkled (like the peel of an orange) You find a new breast lump during your monthly self-exam You have bruising on your breast, but did not experience any injury You have nipple discharge, especially if it is bloody or pinkish (blood-tinged) Your nipple is inverted (turned inward) but normally is not inverted
Also call if:
You are a woman, age 20 or older, and want guidance on how to perform a breast self-examination You are a woman over age 40 and have not had a mammogram in the past year </s> |
What to expect if I have Dialysis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | You should know how to take care of your Graft or Fistula?
Avoid all pressure on the access site. If the graft or fistula clots, you may need a new one. Do not allow anyone to take a blood pressure reading on the same arm with the access. Do not wear tight clothing around the access site or on the arm. Avoid placing pressure on the arm with the access while you sleep. Avoid placing pressure on the arm when you are lifting heavy items. Do not allow any blood to be drawn from the arm. Do not use creams or lotions over the access site. Learn how to feel the access site for the "thrill." This indicates that the AV site is still functioning. If the thrill disappears, call your health care provider immediately.
Do not miss or skip any dialysis sessions.
Observe the access site after dialysis, watching for swelling, infection, or bleeding. Call your health care provider immediately if you have a fever or other sign of infection. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Rubella ? | Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:
You are a woman of childbearing age and are unsure of whether you have been vaccinated against rubella You or your child develop a severe headache, stiff neck, earache, or vision problems during or after a case of rubella You or your child need to receive MMR immunization (vaccine) </s> |
What are the symptoms of Pituitary adenoma? | Most pituitary tumors produce too much of one or more hormones. As a result, symptoms of one or more of the following conditions can occur:
Hyperthyroidism Cushing syndrome Gigantism or acromegaly Nipple discharge
Symptoms caused by pressure from a larger pituitary tumor may include:
Headache Lethargy Nasal discharge Nausea and vomiting Problems with the sense of smell Visual changes Double vision Drooping eyelids Visual field deficit
Rarely, these symptoms may occur suddenly and can be severe. </s> |
Who is at risk for Diarrhea? | Anyone can get diarrhea. This common problem can last a day or two or for months or years, depending on the cause. Most people get better on their own, but diarrhea can be serious for babies and older people if lost fluids are not replaced. Many people throughout the world die from diarrhea because of the large volume of water lost and the accompanying loss of salts. </s> |
What to expect if I have Anaphylaxis (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Anaphylaxis is a severe disorder that can be life-threatening without prompt treatment. However, symptoms usually get better with the right therapy, so it is important to act right away. </s> |
What causes Mucormycosis? | Mucormycosis is caused by common fungi frequently found in the soil and in decaying vegetation. Most individuals are exposed to these fungi on a daily basis, but people with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infection.
Syndromes associated with mucormycosis include:
Rhinocerebral infection (infection of sinuses and brain) May start as a sinus infection May progress to involve inflammation of cranial nerves May cause blood clots that block vessels to the brain (thrombosis)
Pulmonary mucormycosis (lung involvement) -- pneumonia that gets worse quickly and may spread to the chest cavity, heart, and brain Mucormycosis of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and kidneys </s> |
What are the symptoms of Impetigo? | A single or possibly many blisters filled with pus; easy to pop and -- when broken -- leave a reddish raw-looking base (in infants) Itching blister: Filled with yellow or honey-colored fluid Oozing and crusting over Rash -- may begin as a single spot, but if person scratches, it may spread to other areas Skin lesions on the face, lips, arms, or legs, that spread to other areas Swollen lymph nodes near the infection (lymphadenopathy) </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Birthmarks-red ? | Have all birthmarks examined by a health care provider to determine the treatment, possible complications, and likely outcome. </s> |
What causes Hyperandrogenism? | In healthy women, the ovaries and adrenal glands produce about 40 - 50% of the body's testosterone. Both tumors of the ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can cause excess androgen production.
Cushing's disease, an abnormality in the pituitary gland, causes excess amounts of corticosteroids, which cause masculine body changes in women. Also, tumors in the adrenal glands can cause overproduction of androgens and lead to male body characteristics in women. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Diffuse esophageal spasm? | Difficulty swallowing or pain with swallowing Pain in the chest or upper abdomen
It can be hard to tell a spasm from angina pectoris, a symptom of heart disease. The pain may spread to the neck, jaw, arms, or back </s> |
What are the causes of Bell's palsy? | Bell's palsy occurs when the nerve that controls the facial muscles is swollen, inflamed, or compressed, resulting in facial weakness or paralysis. Exactly what causes this damage, however, is unknown.
Most scientists believe that a viral infection such as viral meningitis or the common cold sore virus - herpes simplex - causes the disorder. They believe that the facial nerve swells and becomes inflamed in reaction to the infection, causing pressure within the Fallopian canal and leading to an infarction (the death of nerve cells due to insufficient blood and oxygen supply). In some mild cases (where recovery is rapid), there is damage only to the myelin sheath of the nerve. The myelin sheath is the fatty covering-which acts as an insulator-on nerve fibers in the brain.
The disorder has also been associated with influenza or a flu-like illness, headaches, chronic middle ear infection, high blood pressure, diabetes, sarcoidosis, tumors, Lyme disease, and trauma such as skull fracture or facial injury. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Ecthyma ? | Make an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of ecthyma. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Craniosynostosis? | Absence of the normal feeling of a "soft spot" (fontanelle) on the newborn's skull Disappearance of the fontanelle early A raised hard ridge along the affected sutures Unusual head shape Slow or no increase in the head size over time as the baby grows </s> |
What are the symptoms of Melanoma of the eye? | Bulging eyes Change in iris color Poor vision in one eye Red, painful eye Small defect on the iris or conjunctiva
In some cases, there may be no symptoms. </s> |
What to expect if I have Antithrombin III deficiency (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Most patients have a good outcome if they stay on anticoagulant medications. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Congenital hypothyroidism ? | Mutations in the DUOX2, PAX8, SLC5A5, TG, TPO, TSHB, and TSHR genes result in congenital hypothyroidism. </s> |
What causes Parotitis? | The causes of Parotitis include viruses such as mumps, HIV, or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It can also result from a staph infection from staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Parotitis can result from blockages in the mouth, including benign or malignant tumors or salivary gland stones. A chronic disease that can cause parotitis is Sj枚gren's Syndrome. </s> |
What causes Mitral regurgitation? | Regurgitation means leaking from a valve that doesn't close all the way. It is caused by diseases that weaken or damage the valve or its supporting structures. Mitral regurgitation becomes chronic when the condition persists rather than occurring for only a short time period. Chronic mitral regurgitation should be distinguished from acute mitral regurgitation.
In acute mitral regurgitation, the mitral valve doesn't close all the way and blood flows backward into the left upper heart chamber (atrium). This leads to a decrease in blood flow to the rest of the body. As a result, the heart may try to pump harder.
Acute mitral regurgitation may be caused by dysfunction or injury to the valve following a heart attack or infection of the heart valve (infective endocarditis). These conditions may rupture the valve or surrounding structures, leaving an opening for blood to move backwards.
Mitral valve prolapse is a relatively common cause of chronic mitral regurgitation.
About one-third of all cases of chronic mitral regurgitation are caused by rheumatic heart disease, a complication of untreated strep throat that is becoming less common.
Congenital (present from birth) mitral regurgitation is rare if it is not part of a more complex heart defect or syndrome.
Chronic mitral regurgitation can also be caused by:
Atherosclerosis Endocarditis Heart tumors High blood pressure Marfan syndrome Swelling of the left lower heart chamber Untreated syphilis (rare)
Risk factors include an individual or family history of any of the disorders mentioned above and use of fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine (appetite suppressants banned by the FDA) for 4 or more months. </s> |
What causes Congenital hypothyroidism? | Hypothyroidism in the newborn may be caused by:
A missing or abnormally developed thyroid gland Pituitary gland's failure to stimulate the thyroid Defective or abnormal formation of thyroid hormones
Incomplete development of the thyroid is the most common defect and occurs in about 1 out of every 3,000 births. Girls are affected twice as often than boys. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Hair loss ? | Some women ages 30 - 60 may notice a thinning of the hair that affects the entire scalp. The hair loss may be heavier at first, and then gradually slow or stop. There is no known cause for this type of hair loss.
Both men and women tend to lose hair thickness and amount as they age. Baldness is not usually caused by a disease. It is related to aging, heredity, and changes in the hormome, testosterone. Inherited or "pattern baldness" affects many more men than women. About one-half of men begin to bald by the time they are 30 years old, and most are either bald or have a balding pattern by age 60. </s> |
What to expect if I have Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Most mild cases of OHSS will go away on their own after menstruation starts. If you have a more severe case, it can take several days for symptoms to improve. If you become pregnant during OHSS, the symptoms may get worse and can take weeks to go away. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Amyloidosis? | Symptoms depend on the organs affected by the deposits. These organs can include the tongue, intestines, skeletal and smooth muscles, nerves, skin, ligaments, heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Symptoms include:
Abnormal heart rhythm (arrythmia) Enlarged tongue Fatigue Numbness of hands and feet Shortness of breath Skin changes Swallowing problems Swelling in the arms and legs Weak hand grip Weight loss
Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:
Decreased urine output Diarrhea Hoarseness or changing voice Joint pain Weakness </s> |
What are the causes of Halitosis? | If previously normal breath turns into halitosis, causes could include:
Abscessed tooth Alcoholism Cavities Dentures Drugs Paraldehyde Triamterene and inhaled anesthetics Insulin - injection Food or beverages consumed (such as cabbage, garlic, raw onions, or coffee) Foreign body in the nose (usually in children) Often (but not always) there is a white, yellowish, or bloody discharge from one nostril Gum disease (gingivitis, gingivostomatitis) Impacted tooth Lung infection Poor dental hygiene Sinusitis Throat infection Tobacco smoking Vitamin supplements (especially in large doses) </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Infant botulism ? | Risk factors include swallowing honey as a baby, being around contaminated soil, and having less than one stool per day for a period greater than 2 months. </s> |
What Causes (disease name)? | Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene have been shown to cause androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), which is characterized by complete or partial resistance to the biological effects of androgens in 46,XY karyotype individuals with normal testis determination and production of age-appropriate androgen concentrations.
AIS may be classified into mild (MAIS), partial (PAIS) or complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS), based on its phenotypic expression, which ranges from a male phenotype with isolated infertility, to ambiguous genitalia, to a completely female external phenotype. </s> |
What causes Syncope? | Cardiac causes
Arrhythmia, such as ventricular tachycardia, sick sinus syndrome, long Q-T syndrome Abnormal cardiovascular structure, such as aortic stenosis, aortic dissection, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hypertension
Brain causes
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Stroke
Vasovagal syncope: This is the most frequent and benign cause of syncope.
Cough syncope Defecation syncope Micturition syncope Swallow syncope Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
Orthostatic hypotension Hypoglycemia </s> |
What are the symptoms of a Thoracic aortic aneurysm? | Aneurysms develop slowly over many years. Most patients have no symptoms until the aneurysm begins to leak or expand. Chest or back pain may mean sudden widening or leakage of the aneurysm. Symptoms often begin suddenly when:
The aneurysm grows quickly The aneurysm tears open (called a rupture) Blood leaks along the wall of the aorta (aortic dissection)
If the aneurysm presses on nearby structures, the following symptoms may occur:
Hoarseness Swallowing problems High-pitched breathing (stridor) Swelling in the neck
Other symptoms may include:
Chest pain and / or back pain Clammy skin Nausea and vomiting Rapid heart rate Low blood pressure </s> |
What are the symptoms of Dermatomyositis? | The most common signs and symptoms of dermatomyositis include:
Difficulty swallowing Muscle weakness, stiffness, or soreness, appearing suddenly or developing slowly over weeks or months. Purple or violet colored upper eyelids Purple-red skin rash over the face, knuckles, neck, shoulders, upper chest, and back. Shortness of breath Fatigue and weight loss Fever Gastrointestinal ulcers and intestinal perforations in children
Diseases that can present with similar symptoms are
Hypothyroidism Sarcoidosis </s> |
What to expect if I have Teenage pregnancy (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Having her first child during adolescence makes a woman more likely to have more children overall. Teen mothers are about 2 years behind their age group in completing their education. Women who have a baby during their teen years are more likely to live in poverty.
Teen mothers with a history of substance abuse are more likely to start abusing by about 6 months after delivery.
Teen mothers are more likely than older mothers to have a second child within 2 years of their first child.
Infants born to teenage mothers are at greater risk for developmental problems. Girls born to teen mothers are more likely to become teen mothers themselves, and boys born to teen mothers have a higher than average rate of being arrested and jailed. </s> |
What causes croup? | Viral croup is the most common. Other possible causes include bacteria, allergies, and inhaled irritants. Acid reflux from the stomach can trigger croup. Viral croup is usually caused by human parainfluenza virus, but RSV, measles, adenovirus, and influenza can all cause croup as well. </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Cor triatriatum ? | Like many congenital heart disease, the cause of cor triatriatum is not clear. Clinical studies suggest that both genetic and environmental factors may play a role during the pregnancy.
Viral infection Poor nutrition Genetic disorder </s> |
What to expect if I have Vaginal cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? | Prognosis of vaginal cancer depends primarily on the following:
Location of the tumor in vagina Length of the tumor in vaginal wall Stage of the cancer General health of the patient </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Hydrocephalus ? | Premature babies are often at higher risk. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Vitamin B12 deficiency ? | Call your health care provider if you have any of the symptoms of anemia. </s> |
What are the symptoms of Volvulus? | Bloody or dark red stools Constipation or difficulty releasing stools Distended abdomen Pain or tenderness in the abdomen Nausea or vomiting Shock Vomiting green material
Symptoms are usually severe enough that infants are taken early to the emergency room, which can be critical for survival. </s> |
What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism? | Signs and symptoms vary from person to person. However, the common symptoms are:
Chest Pain Under the breastbone or towards one side May feel sharp or stabbing May also be described as a burning, aching, or dull, heavy sensation May get worse with deep breathing, coughing, eating, or bending May cause you to bend over and hold your chest due to the pain
Sudden cough May cough up blood or bloody mucus
Rapid heart rate
Shortness of breath that starts suddenly
Other symptoms that may occur are:
Anxiety or feeling of panic Bluish skin discoloration (cyanosis) Clammy skin Dizziness Leg pain, redness, and swelling Lightheadedness or fainting Low blood pressure Sweating Wheezing </s> |
Who is at highest risk for Dementia ? | Degenerative: This is the most common cause of dementia, named Alzheimer's disease. Stroke Lewy body disease Parkinson's disease Multiple sclerosis Huntington's disease Pick's disease Progressive supranuclear palsy Brain tumors Brain infection </s> |
What are the symptoms of Osteoarthritis? | Symptoms of osteoarthritis vary from person to person. For most patients, it develops slowly and worsens over time. Usual signs and symptoms include:
Joint pain, gets worse during or after movement. Pain increases during humid or moist weather. Joint tenderness Joint stiffness: It may be noticeable when you wake up in the morning or after a period of inactivity. Limited movement: You may not be able to move your joint through its full range of motion. Grating of the joint with motion Bone spurs
Diseases which can have similar symptoms are
Rheumatoid arthritis Gout Joint tuberculosis </s> |
What causes Paraganglioma? | The cause of a paraganglioma is unknown. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Nabothian cyst ? | This condition is usually discovered during a routine pelvic examination. </s> |
When to seek urgent medical care when I have Necrotising enterocolitis ? | If any symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis develop, especially in an infant that has recently been hospitalized for illness or prematurity, go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911). </s> |