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"Levofloxacin",
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"has",
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"the",
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"and",
"same",
"toxicity",
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"ofloxacin",
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"investigated",
"the",
"clinical",
"usefulness",
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"levofloxacin",
"compared",
"with",
"ofloxacin",
"in",
"breast",
"surgery",
".",
"Between",
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",",
"1996",
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"April",
",",
"1999",
",",
"199",
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"patients",
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"in",
"our",
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"cancer",
"were",
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"181",
"patients",
"were",
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"75",
"th",
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"were",
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3 | [
"Preoperative",
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":",
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"-",
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".",
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"-",
"enhanced",
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"MRI",
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"cancer",
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"-",
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"(",
"MR",
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"-",
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",",
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",",
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"-",
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"(",
"re",
"-",
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".",
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",",
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",",
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";",
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"66",
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".",
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"-",
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";",
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"/",
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"(",
"12",
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")",
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"(",
"p=",
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".",
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"not",
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".",
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",",
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"(",
"BCS",
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"-",
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"MRI",
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4 | [
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"events",
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"with",
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"cancer",
".",
"Tamoxifen",
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"for",
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"cancer",
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"reported",
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"beneficial",
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"the",
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"system",
",",
"but",
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"is",
"unclear",
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"favorable",
"cardiovascular",
"effect",
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"patients",
".",
"From",
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",",
"1998",
"to",
"December",
",",
"2006",
",",
"a",
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"cancer",
"cohort",
"study",
"was",
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"using",
"the",
"Taiwan",
"National",
"Health",
"Insurance",
"database",
".",
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"were",
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"whether",
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"was",
"used",
".",
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"endpoints",
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"occurrence",
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"infarction",
"(",
"AMI",
")",
",",
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"total",
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"events",
".",
"A",
"total",
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"3",
",",
"690",
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"(",
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",",
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",",
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"-",
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",",
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5 | [
"Smartphone",
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"Intervention",
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"iMOVE",
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"-",
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"Survivors",
":",
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"Trial",
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",",
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"cancer",
"survivors",
"do",
"not",
"meet",
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"iMOVE",
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"scale",
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"breast",
"cancer",
"survivors",
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",",
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"age",
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"stratified",
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"AHT",
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"no",
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"following",
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"cancer",
"treatment",
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"metastases",
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"recurrence",
"who",
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"less",
"than",
"60",
"minutes",
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"physical",
"activity",
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"control",
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"coaching",
"sessions",
",",
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"smartphone",
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",",
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"needed",
",",
"(",
"3",
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"supportive",
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"software",
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"Wellness",
",",
"NexJ",
"Health",
"Inc",
")",
",",
"and",
"(",
"4",
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"a",
"wearable",
"step",
"-",
"counting",
"device",
"linked",
"to",
"a",
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"program",
".",
"We",
"will",
"be",
"assessing",
"recruitment",
"rates",
";",
"acceptability",
"reflected",
"in",
"selective",
",",
"semistructured",
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";",
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"enrollment",
",",
"retention",
",",
"and",
"adherence",
"quantitative",
"intervention",
"markers",
"as",
"pilot",
"outcome",
"measures",
".",
"The",
"primary",
"clinical",
"outcome",
"will",
"be",
"directly",
"measured",
"peak",
"oxygen",
"consumption",
".",
"Secondary",
"clinical",
"outcomes",
"include",
"health",
"-",
"related",
"quality",
"of",
"life",
"and",
"anthropometric",
"measures",
".",
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"are",
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",",
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"(",
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"3",
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",",
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"(",
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".",
"This",
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"RCT",
"will",
"inform",
"full",
"-",
"scale",
"RCT",
"planning",
".",
"We",
"will",
"assess",
"pilot",
"procedures",
"and",
"interventions",
"and",
"collect",
"preliminary",
"effect",
"estimates",
".",
"ClinicalTrials.gov",
"NCT",
"02620735",
";",
"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT",
"02620735",
"(",
"Archived",
"by",
"WebCite",
"at",
"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT",
"02620735",
")",
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6 | [
"Long",
"-",
"term",
"prevention",
"of",
"skeletal",
"complications",
"of",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"with",
"pamidronate",
".",
"Protocol",
"19",
"Aredia",
"Breast",
"Cancer",
"Study",
"Group",
".",
"Pamidronate",
",",
"an",
"aminobisphosphonate",
",",
"has",
"been",
"shown",
"to",
"lower",
"the",
"risk",
"of",
"skeletal",
"complications",
"associated",
"with",
"lytic",
"bone",
"lesions",
"for",
"up",
"to",
"1",
"year",
"in",
"women",
"with",
"stage",
"IV",
"breast",
"cancer",
"who",
"received",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"We",
"studied",
"the",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"effectiveness",
"and",
"safety",
"of",
"continued",
"treatment",
"with",
"intravenous",
"pamidronate",
"infusions",
"for",
"up",
"to",
"2",
"years",
".",
"Three",
"hundred",
"eighty",
"-",
"two",
"women",
"with",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"lytic",
"bone",
"lesions",
"who",
"received",
"chemotherapy",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"receive",
"either",
"90",
"mg",
"of",
"pamidronate",
"or",
"placebo",
"intravenously",
"every",
"3",
"to",
"4",
"weeks",
"in",
"this",
"double",
"-",
"blind",
",",
"multicenter",
",",
"parallel",
"-",
"group",
"trial",
".",
"Patients",
"were",
"evaluated",
"monthly",
"for",
"2",
"years",
"for",
"skeletal",
"complications",
",",
"which",
"included",
"pathologic",
"fractures",
",",
"need",
"for",
"radiation",
"or",
"surgery",
"to",
"treat",
"bone",
"complications",
",",
"spinal",
"cord",
"compression",
",",
"and",
"hypercalcemia",
".",
"Bone",
"pain",
",",
"analgesic",
"use",
",",
"bone",
"biochemical",
"markers",
",",
"performance",
"status",
",",
"quality",
"of",
"life",
",",
"radiologic",
"response",
"in",
"bone",
",",
"and",
"survival",
"were",
"also",
"evaluated",
".",
"As",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"year",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"the",
"proportion",
"of",
"patients",
"with",
"any",
"skeletal",
"complication",
"was",
"significantly",
"less",
"for",
"the",
"pamidronate",
"than",
"the",
"placebo",
"group",
"at",
"15",
",",
"18",
",",
"21",
",",
"and",
"24",
"months",
"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"001",
")",
".",
"The",
"proportions",
"of",
"patients",
"with",
"any",
"pathologic",
"fracture",
"(",
"i.e.",
",",
"vertebral",
"and",
"nonvertebral",
"fractures",
")",
",",
"need",
"for",
"radiation",
"or",
"surgery",
"to",
"treat",
"bone",
"complications",
",",
"and",
"hypercalcemia",
"were",
"also",
"statistically",
"less",
"for",
"the",
"pamidronate",
"than",
"the",
"placebo",
"group",
".",
"The",
"median",
"time",
"to",
"the",
"first",
"skeletal",
"complication",
"was",
"13.9",
"months",
"in",
"the",
"pamidronate",
"-",
"treated",
"women",
"and",
"7.0",
"months",
"in",
"the",
"placebo",
"group",
"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"001",
")",
".",
"Long",
"-",
"term",
"treatment",
"did",
"not",
"result",
"in",
"any",
"unexpected",
"adverse",
"events",
".",
"Survival",
"did",
"not",
"differ",
"between",
"the",
"two",
"groups",
".",
"The",
"risk",
"for",
"osteolytic",
"bone",
"lesion",
"complications",
"in",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"was",
"significantly",
"decreased",
"with",
"monthly",
"infusions",
"of",
"90",
"mg",
"of",
"pamidronate",
",",
"and",
"this",
"effect",
"was",
"maintained",
"for",
"at",
"least",
"2",
"years",
".",
"Pamidronate",
"is",
"a",
"useful",
"adjunct",
"to",
"standard",
"chemotherapy",
"in",
"the",
"palliative",
"treatment",
"of",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
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7 | [
"OlympiAD",
"final",
"overall",
"survival",
"and",
"tolerability",
"results",
":",
"Olaparib",
"versus",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
"of",
"physician",
"'s",
"choice",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"a",
"germline",
"BRCA",
"mutation",
"and",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"In",
"the",
"OlympiAD",
"study",
",",
"olaparib",
"was",
"shown",
"to",
"improve",
"progression",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"compared",
"with",
"chemotherapy",
"treatment",
"of",
"physician",
"'s",
"choice",
"(",
"TPC",
")",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"a",
"germline",
"BRCA",
"1",
"and/or",
"BRCA",
"2",
"mutation",
"(",
"BRCAm",
")",
"and",
"human",
"epidermal",
"growth",
"factor",
"receptor",
"2",
"(",
"HER",
"2",
")",
"-negative",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"(",
"mBC",
")",
".",
"We",
"now",
"report",
"the",
"planned",
"final",
"overall",
"survival",
"(",
"OS",
")",
"results",
",",
"and",
"describe",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"adverse",
"events",
"(",
"AEs",
")",
"to",
"better",
"understand",
"olaparib",
"tolerability",
"in",
"this",
"population",
".",
"OlympiAD",
",",
"a",
"Phase",
"III",
",",
"randomized",
",",
"controlled",
",",
"open",
"-",
"label",
"study",
"(",
"NCT",
"02000622",
")",
",",
"enrolled",
"patients",
"with",
"a",
"germline",
"BRCAm",
"and",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
"mBC",
"who",
"had",
"received",
"≤",
"2",
"lines",
"of",
"chemotherapy",
"for",
"mBC",
".",
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"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"olaparib",
"tablets",
"(",
"300",
"mg",
"bid",
")",
"or",
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"TPC",
"(",
"capecitabine",
",",
"vinorelbine",
",",
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")",
".",
"OS",
"and",
"safety",
"were",
"secondary",
"end",
"points",
".",
"A",
"total",
"of",
"205",
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"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"olaparib",
"and",
"97",
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"TPC",
".",
"At",
"64",
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"data",
"maturity",
",",
"median",
"OS",
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"19.3",
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"with",
"olaparib",
"versus",
"17.1",
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"with",
"TPC",
"(",
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"0.90",
",",
"95",
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"0.66",
"-",
"1.23",
";",
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"=",
"0.513",
")",
";",
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"follow",
"-",
"up",
"was",
"25.3",
"and",
"26.3",
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",",
"respectively",
".",
"HR",
"for",
"OS",
"with",
"olaparib",
"versus",
"TPC",
"in",
"prespecified",
"subgroups",
"were",
":",
"prior",
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"for",
"mBC",
"[",
"no",
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"line",
"setting",
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":",
"0.51",
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"0.29",
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"0.90",
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"1.13",
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"0.79",
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",",
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"additional",
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10 | [
"No",
"Evidence",
"for",
"Effect",
"of",
"Exercise",
"on",
"Transcriptome",
"of",
"NK",
"Cells",
"in",
"Breast",
"Cancer",
"Patients",
"Undergoing",
"Adjuvant",
"Therapy",
":",
"Results",
"From",
"a",
"Pilot",
"Study",
".",
"Mobilization",
"and",
"activation",
"of",
"natural",
"killer",
"cells",
"(",
"NK",
"cells",
")",
"have",
"been",
"hypothesized",
"to",
"contribute",
"to",
"observed",
"protective",
"effects",
"of",
"exercise",
"on",
"cancer",
"development",
"and",
"progression",
".",
"Some",
"evidence",
"exists",
"for",
"acute",
"effects",
"of",
"aerobic",
"exercise",
"on",
"NK",
"cell",
"mobilization",
"and",
"function",
",",
"i.e.",
",",
"alteration",
"of",
"the",
"gene",
"expression",
"profile",
"of",
"NK",
"cells",
".",
"Yet",
",",
"the",
"chronic",
"effects",
"of",
"exercise",
"training",
",",
"and",
"effects",
"of",
"other",
"modalities",
"than",
"endurance",
"exercise",
"are",
"still",
"understudied",
".",
"Here",
",",
"we",
"investigated",
"the",
"chronic",
"effects",
"of",
"a",
"12",
"-week",
"resistance",
"exercise",
"program",
"on",
"NK",
"cell",
"gene",
"expression",
"in",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"undergoing",
"adjuvant",
"chemo-",
"or",
"radiotherapy",
".",
"Breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"either",
"a",
"12",
"-week",
"resistance",
"exercise",
"program",
"or",
"a",
"relaxation",
"control",
"group",
"concomitant",
"to",
"adjuvant",
"therapy",
".",
"In",
"a",
"subsample",
"of",
"19",
"participants",
",",
"RNA",
"was",
"extracted",
"from",
"magnet",
"bead",
"isolated",
"NK",
"cells",
"and",
"subsequently",
"analyzed",
"for",
"differential",
"gene",
"expression",
"using",
"microarray",
"Illumina",
"HumanHT-",
"12",
"v",
"4",
"before",
"and",
"after",
"the",
"intervention",
".",
"After",
"chronic",
"exercise",
"intervention",
"several",
"genes",
"showed",
"higher",
"differential",
"expression",
"compared",
"to",
"the",
"control",
"group",
".",
"However",
",",
"after",
"correction",
"for",
"multiple",
"testing",
",",
"baseline",
"-",
"adjusted",
"analyses",
"of",
"covariance",
"indicated",
"no",
"significant",
"differences",
"between",
"the",
"intervention",
"and",
"the",
"control",
"group",
"with",
"regard",
"to",
"the",
"gene",
"expression",
"profile",
".",
"Our",
"findings",
"suggest",
"that",
"12",
"-week",
"resistance",
"-",
"exercise",
"did",
"not",
"alter",
"the",
"gene",
"expression",
"profile",
"of",
"NK",
"cells",
"in",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"undergoing",
"adjuvant",
"therapy",
"on",
"the",
"long",
"term",
".",
"Further",
"studies",
"with",
"larger",
"sample",
"sizes",
"and",
"specifically",
"designed",
"to",
"investigate",
"whether",
"exercise",
"-",
"induced",
"changes",
"in",
"NK",
"cell",
"function",
"are",
"attributed",
"to",
"acute",
"effects",
"are",
"warranted",
"."
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11 | [
"Explicit",
"prognostic",
"disclosure",
"to",
"Asian",
"women",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
":",
"A",
"randomized",
",",
"scripted",
"video",
"-",
"vignette",
"study",
"(",
"J",
"-",
"SUPPORT",
"1601",
")",
".",
"Nondisclosure",
"of",
"a",
"poor",
"prognosis",
"to",
"patients",
"with",
"advanced",
"cancer",
"remains",
"a",
"typical",
"practice",
"in",
"Asia",
".",
"Although",
"the",
"importance",
"of",
"prognostic",
"communication",
"has",
"increasingly",
"been",
"recognized",
"worldwide",
",",
"little",
"is",
"known",
"about",
"whether",
"explicit",
"prognostic",
"disclosure",
"positively",
"affects",
"Asian",
"patients",
"with",
"advanced",
"cancer",
".",
"The",
"objective",
"of",
"this",
"study",
"was",
"to",
"examine",
"the",
"effects",
"of",
"explicit",
"prognostic",
"communication",
"on",
"patients",
"with",
"cancer",
"recurrence",
".",
"In",
"this",
"randomized",
",",
"video",
"-",
"vignette",
"study",
",",
"Japanese",
"women",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
"who",
"had",
"undergone",
"curative",
"surgery",
"viewed",
"videos",
"of",
"prognostic",
"communication",
"between",
"a",
"patient",
"with",
"recurrent",
",",
"incurable",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"her",
"oncologist",
".",
"The",
"videos",
"differed",
"only",
"in",
"the",
"presence",
"or",
"absence",
"of",
"explicit",
"prognostic",
"disclosure",
".",
"The",
"primary",
"outcome",
"was",
"participants",
"'",
"uncertainty",
"(",
"rated",
"from",
"0",
"to",
"10",
")",
",",
"and",
"the",
"secondary",
"outcomes",
"included",
"anxiety",
"(",
"measured",
"on",
"the",
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"-",
"Trait",
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"Inventory",
"-",
"State",
":",
"range",
",",
"20",
"-",
"80",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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",",
"1",
"-",
"4",
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".",
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",",
"105",
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"participated",
"(",
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"age",
",",
"53.8",
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")",
".",
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"versus",
"less",
"explicit",
"disclosure",
",",
"participants",
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"uncertainty",
"(",
"mean",
"±",
"SE",
"scores",
",",
"5.3",
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"0.2",
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"5.7",
"±",
"0.2",
",",
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";",
"P",
"=",
".",
"032",
")",
"and",
"higher",
"satisfaction",
"(",
"5.6",
"±",
"0.2",
"vs",
"5.2",
"±",
"0.2",
",",
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";",
"P",
"=",
".",
"010",
")",
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"(",
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",",
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"P",
"=",
".",
"198",
")",
".",
"No",
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"-",
"efficacy",
"(",
"5.2",
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",",
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";",
"P",
"=",
".",
"240",
")",
".",
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"better",
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".",
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",",
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"respect",
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"wishes",
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"explicitly",
"discuss",
"the",
"prognosis",
"if",
"deemed",
"appropriate",
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12 | [
"Incidence",
"of",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"women",
"after",
"discontinuation",
"of",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"raloxifene",
"administration",
".",
"Postmenopausal",
"women",
"with",
"osteoporosis",
"had",
"a",
"66",
"%",
"relative",
"risk",
"reduction",
"for",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"over",
"8",
"years",
"of",
"raloxifene",
"therapy",
"in",
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",",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
"4",
"-year",
"MORE",
"(",
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"Outcomes",
"of",
"Raloxifene",
"Evaluation",
")",
"trial",
"and",
"the",
"CORE",
"(",
"Continuing",
"Outcomes",
"Relevant",
"to",
"Evista",
")",
"trial",
",",
"a",
"4",
"-year",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"to",
"MORE",
".",
"The",
"first",
"post",
"hoc",
"analysis",
"examined",
"the",
"effects",
"of",
"raloxifene",
"on",
"the",
"cumulative",
"incidence",
"of",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"on",
"a",
"yearly",
"basis",
".",
"Another",
"analysis",
"compared",
"the",
"incidence",
"of",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"in",
"3967",
"patients",
"who",
"continued",
"raloxifene",
"for",
"8",
"years",
"(",
"RLX",
"-",
"C",
",",
"n",
"=",
"2280",
")",
",",
"discontinued",
"raloxifene",
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"years",
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"(",
"RLX",
"-",
"D",
",",
"n",
"=",
"401",
")",
",",
"or",
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"(",
"n",
"=",
"1286",
")",
"for",
"a",
"mean",
"2.9",
"years",
"'",
"treatment",
"duration",
"(",
"57",
",",
"338",
"patient",
"-",
"years",
")",
".",
"The",
"unadjusted",
"breast",
"cancer",
"incidence",
"rate",
"was",
"5.39",
"per",
"1000",
"patient",
"-",
"years",
"in",
"the",
"placebo",
"group",
"compared",
"with",
"2.26",
"in",
"the",
"RLX",
"-",
"C",
"group",
"(",
"hazard",
"ratio",
"[",
"HR",
"]",
",",
"0.41",
"[",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"0.21",
"-",
"0.81",
"]",
")",
"and",
"3.59",
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"RLX",
"-",
"D",
"group",
"(",
"HR",
",",
"0.69",
"[",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"0.23",
"-",
"2.01",
"]",
")",
".",
"Because",
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"CORE",
",",
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".",
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"method",
"were",
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"risk",
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"patients",
"who",
"discontinued",
"raloxifene",
",",
"although",
"this",
"conclusion",
"is",
"limited",
"by",
"the",
"small",
"sample",
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13 | [
"Impact",
"of",
"a",
"higher",
"radiation",
"dose",
"on",
"local",
"control",
"and",
"survival",
"in",
"breast",
"-",
"conserving",
"therapy",
"of",
"early",
"breast",
"cancer",
":",
"10",
"-year",
"results",
"of",
"the",
"randomized",
"boost",
"versus",
"no",
"boost",
"EORTC",
"22881",
"-",
"10882",
"trial",
".",
"To",
"investigate",
"the",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"impact",
"of",
"a",
"boost",
"radiation",
"dose",
"of",
"16",
"Gy",
"on",
"local",
"control",
",",
"fibrosis",
",",
"and",
"overall",
"survival",
"for",
"patients",
"with",
"stage",
"I",
"and",
"II",
"breast",
"cancer",
"who",
"underwent",
"breast",
"-",
"conserving",
"therapy",
".",
"A",
"total",
"of",
"5",
",",
"318",
"patients",
"with",
"microscopically",
"complete",
"excision",
"followed",
"by",
"whole",
"-",
"breast",
"irradiation",
"of",
"50",
"Gy",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"receive",
"either",
"a",
"boost",
"dose",
"of",
"16",
"Gy",
"(",
"2",
",",
"661",
"patients",
")",
"or",
"no",
"boost",
"dose",
"(",
"2",
",",
"657",
"patients",
")",
",",
"with",
"a",
"median",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"of",
"10.8",
"years",
".",
"The",
"median",
"age",
"was",
"55",
"years",
".",
"Local",
"recurrence",
"was",
"reported",
"as",
"the",
"first",
"treatment",
"failure",
"in",
"278",
"patients",
"with",
"no",
"boost",
"versus",
"165",
"patients",
"with",
"boost",
";",
"at",
"10",
"years",
",",
"the",
"cumulative",
"incidence",
"of",
"local",
"recurrence",
"was",
"10.2",
"%",
"versus",
"6.2",
"%",
"for",
"the",
"no",
"boost",
"and",
"the",
"boost",
"group",
",",
"respectively",
"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"0001",
")",
".",
"The",
"hazard",
"ratio",
"of",
"local",
"recurrence",
"was",
"0.59",
"(",
"0.46",
"to",
"0.76",
")",
"in",
"favor",
"of",
"the",
"boost",
",",
"with",
"no",
"statistically",
"significant",
"interaction",
"per",
"age",
"group",
".",
"The",
"absolute",
"risk",
"reduction",
"at",
"10",
"years",
"per",
"age",
"group",
"was",
"the",
"largest",
"in",
"patients",
"<",
"or=",
"40",
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":",
"23.9",
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"to",
"13.5",
"%",
"(",
"P",
"=",
".",
"0014",
")",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
",",
"the",
"number",
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"salvage",
"mastectomies",
"has",
"been",
"reduced",
"by",
"41",
"%",
".",
"Severe",
"fibrosis",
"was",
"statistically",
"significantly",
"increased",
"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"0001",
")",
"in",
"the",
"boost",
"group",
",",
"with",
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"10",
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"of",
"4.4",
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"1.6",
"%",
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"no",
"boost",
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"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"0001",
")",
".",
"Survival",
"at",
"10",
"years",
"was",
"82",
"%",
"in",
"both",
"arms",
".",
"After",
"a",
"median",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"period",
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"10.8",
"years",
",",
"a",
"boost",
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"of",
"16",
"Gy",
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"improved",
"local",
"control",
"in",
"all",
"age",
"groups",
",",
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"no",
"difference",
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14 | [
"A",
"phase",
"III",
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"randomised",
"trial",
"of",
"6",
"cycles",
"of",
"5",
"-fluorouracil",
"-",
"epirubicine",
"-",
"cyclophosphamide",
"(",
"FEC",
"100",
")",
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"4",
"FEC",
"100",
"followed",
"by",
"4",
"Taxol",
"(",
"FEC",
"-",
"T",
")",
"in",
"node",
"positive",
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"cancer",
"patients",
"(",
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"B",
"2000",
")",
".",
"Standard",
"adjuvant",
"chemotherapy",
"regimens",
"for",
"patients",
"with",
"node",
"positive",
"(",
"N+",
")",
"breast",
"cancer",
"consisted",
"of",
"anthracycline",
"followed",
"by",
"taxane",
".",
"The",
"European",
"Association",
"for",
"Research",
"in",
"Oncology",
"embarked",
"in",
"2000",
"on",
"a",
"phase",
"III",
"trial",
"comparing",
"6",
"cycles",
"of",
"FEC",
"100",
"versus",
"4",
"FEC",
"100",
"followed",
"by",
"4",
"Taxol",
".",
"Primary",
"end",
"-",
"point",
"was",
"disease",
"free",
"survival",
".",
"Secondary",
"end",
"-",
"points",
"were",
"overall",
"survival",
",",
"local",
"recurrence",
"free",
"interval",
",",
"metastases",
"free",
"interval",
"and",
"safety",
".",
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"March",
"2000",
"and",
"December",
"2002",
",",
"837",
"patients",
"were",
"randomised",
"between",
"6",
"FEC",
"100",
"for",
"6",
"cycles",
"(",
"417",
"patients",
")",
"or",
"FEC",
"100",
"for",
"4",
"cycles",
"then",
"Taxol",
"175",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"(",
"2",
")",
"/",
"3",
"weeks",
"for",
"4",
"cycles",
"(",
"4",
"FEC",
"100",
"-",
"4",
"T",
")",
"(",
"420",
"patients",
")",
".",
"One",
"thousand",
"patients",
"had",
"been",
"planned",
"initially",
"but",
"the",
"trial",
"was",
"closed",
"earlier",
"due",
"to",
"slow",
"accrual",
".",
"Hazard",
"ratios",
"(",
"HRs",
")",
"were",
"0.99",
"for",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"(",
"DFS",
")",
"(",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
":",
"0.77",
"-",
"1.26",
";",
"p=",
"0.91",
")",
",",
"and",
"0.85",
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"survival",
"(",
"OS",
")",
"(",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
":",
"0.62",
"-",
"1.15",
";",
"p=",
"0.29",
")",
".",
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"-",
"year",
"DFS",
"were",
"62.9",
"%",
"versus",
"62.5",
"%",
"for",
"6",
"FEC",
"100",
"and",
"4",
"FEC",
"100",
"-",
"4",
"T",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"Nine",
"-",
"year",
"OS",
"were",
"73.9",
"%",
"versus",
"77",
"%",
"for",
"6",
"FEC",
"100",
"and",
"4",
"FEC",
"100",
"-",
"4",
"T",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"Toxicity",
"analyses",
"based",
"on",
"803",
"evaluable",
"patients",
"showed",
"that",
"overall",
"grade",
"3",
"-",
"4",
"toxicities",
"were",
"similar",
"in",
"both",
"arms",
"(",
"63",
"%",
"versus",
"58",
"%",
"for",
"6",
"FEC",
"100",
"arm",
"and",
"4",
"FEC",
"100",
"-",
"4",
"T",
"arm",
",",
"respectively",
";",
"p=",
"0.16",
")",
".",
"In",
"this",
"trial",
"replacing",
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0,
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0,
0,
0,
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0,
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] |
17 | [
"Survival",
"outcomes",
"of",
"neoadjuvant",
"chemotherapy",
"with",
"zoledronic",
"acid",
"for",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"A",
"randomized",
"phase",
"2",
"trial",
"in",
"women",
"with",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
"breast",
"cancer",
"has",
"shown",
"that",
"adding",
"zoledronic",
"acid",
"(",
"ZOL",
")",
"to",
"neoadjuvant",
"chemotherapy",
"(",
"CT",
")",
"has",
"potential",
"anticancer",
"benefits",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"and",
"triple",
"-",
"negative",
"(",
"TN",
")",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
".",
"We",
"report",
"the",
"data",
"for",
"the",
"secondary",
"end",
"point",
"of",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"(",
"DFS",
")",
".",
"Patients",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"receive",
"CT",
"or",
"CT",
"+",
"ZOL",
"(",
"CT",
"-",
"Z",
")",
".",
"All",
"patients",
"received",
"four",
"cycles",
"of",
"FEC",
"100",
"followed",
"by",
"12",
"cycles",
"of",
"paclitaxel",
"weekly",
".",
"ZOL",
"(",
"4",
"mg",
")",
"was",
"administered",
"3",
"-",
"4",
"times",
"weekly",
"for",
"7",
"wk",
"to",
"the",
"CT",
"-",
"Z",
"group",
"patients",
".",
"The",
"primary",
"end",
"point",
"was",
"pathologic",
"complete",
"response",
"(",
"pCR",
")",
".",
"The",
"secondary",
"end",
"points",
"were",
"the",
"clinical",
"response",
"rates",
",",
"rate",
"of",
"breast",
"-",
"conserving",
"surgery",
",",
"safety",
",",
"and",
"DFS",
".",
"Of",
"the",
"188",
"patients",
"enrolled",
",",
"95",
"were",
"assigned",
"to",
"the",
"CT",
"group",
"and",
"93",
"to",
"the",
"CT",
"-",
"Z",
"group",
".",
"DFS",
"and",
"overall",
"survival",
"were",
"analyzed",
"in",
"92",
"and",
"88",
"patients",
"with",
"the",
"mean",
"times",
"of",
"5.15",
"y",
"and",
"5.38",
"y",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"The",
"3",
"-y",
"DFS",
"rate",
"was",
"84.6",
"%",
"in",
"the",
"CT",
"group",
"and",
"90.8",
"%",
"in",
"the",
"CT",
"-",
"Z",
"group",
"(",
"P",
"=",
"0.188",
")",
".",
"The",
"particular",
"benefit",
"from",
"ZOL",
"for",
"the",
"neoadjuvant",
"CT",
"seen",
"as",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"pCR",
"rate",
"was",
"indicated",
"in",
"the",
"3",
"-y",
"DFS",
"period",
"for",
"TN",
"cancer",
"cases",
"(",
"CT",
"versus",
"CT",
"-",
"Z",
":",
"70.6",
"%",
"versus",
"94.1",
"%",
")",
"but",
"not",
"for",
"postmenopausal",
"cases",
".",
"ZOL",
"did",
"not",
"improve",
"DFS",
"when",
"combined",
"with",
"CT",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"improvement",
"of",
"the",
"pCR",
"rate",
"translated",
"to",
"survival",
"outcomes",
"in",
"TN",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"The",
"short",
"-",
"term",
"application",
"of",
"ZOL",
"may",
"not",
"be",
"sufficient",
"to",
"improve",
"the",
"outcome",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"patients",
"."
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18 | [
"Ten",
"-",
"year",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"of",
"a",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trial",
"of",
"adjuvant",
"clodronate",
"treatment",
"in",
"node",
"-",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
".",
"Ten",
"-",
"year",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"results",
"are",
"presented",
"of",
"an",
"adjuvant",
"clodronate",
"trial",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"primary",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"Between",
"1990",
"and",
"1993",
",",
"299",
"women",
"with",
"primary",
"node",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"oral",
"clodronate",
"1600",
"mg",
"daily",
"(",
"149",
")",
"or",
"controls",
"(",
"150",
")",
"for",
"3",
"years",
".",
"All",
"patients",
"received",
"adjuvant",
"chemo-",
"or",
"endocrine",
"therapy",
".",
"Within",
"10",
"years",
"bone",
"metastases",
"were",
"detected",
"at",
"the",
"same",
"frequency",
"in",
"the",
"clodronate",
"and",
"control",
"groups",
":",
"44",
"(",
"32",
"%",
")",
"vs.",
"42",
"(",
"29",
"%",
")",
",",
"respectively",
",",
"(",
"p=",
"0.35",
")",
".",
"The",
"frequency",
"of",
"non",
"-",
"skeletal",
"recurrences",
"(",
"visceral",
"and",
"local",
")",
"was",
"significantly",
"higher",
"in",
"the",
"clodronate",
"group",
"69",
"(",
"50",
"%",
")",
"as",
"compared",
"with",
"the",
"controls",
"51",
"(",
"36",
"%",
")",
"(",
"p=",
"0.005",
")",
".",
"Ten",
"-",
"year",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"(",
"DFS",
")",
"remained",
"significantly",
"lower",
"in",
"the",
"clodronate",
"group",
"(",
"45",
"%",
"vs.",
"58",
"%",
",",
"p=",
"0.01",
",",
"respectively",
")",
".",
"This",
"was",
"especially",
"seen",
"in",
"oestrogen",
"receptor",
"negative",
"patients",
"(",
"25",
"%",
"vs.",
"58",
"%",
",",
"p=",
"0.004",
",",
"respectively",
")",
".",
"No",
"significant",
"overall",
"survival",
"difference",
"was",
"found",
"between",
"the",
"groups",
".",
"As",
"previously",
"reported",
"3",
"-year",
"adjuvant",
"clodronate",
"treatment",
"did",
"not",
"prevent",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"bone",
"metastases",
"in",
"node",
"-",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
".",
"A",
"negative",
"effect",
"of",
"clodronate",
"on",
"DFS",
"by",
"increasing",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"visceral",
"metastases",
"was",
"still",
"seen",
"at",
"10",
"years",
",",
"but",
"this",
"did",
"not",
"significantly",
"compromise",
"overall",
"survival",
"."
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19 | [
"Intake",
"of",
"vitamin",
"D",
"and",
"calcium",
",",
"sun",
"exposure",
",",
"and",
"risk",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"subtypes",
"among",
"black",
"women",
".",
"The",
"randomized",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
"Vitamin",
"D",
"and",
"Omega-",
"3",
"Trial",
"suggested",
"a",
"possible",
"benefit",
"of",
"vitamin",
"D",
"on",
"cancer",
"incidence",
"among",
"black",
"individuals",
".",
"However",
",",
"data",
"are",
"limited",
"regarding",
"the",
"impact",
"of",
"vitamin",
"D",
"on",
"breast",
"cancer",
"subtypes",
"among",
"African",
"-",
"American",
"/",
"black",
"women",
",",
"who",
"tend",
"to",
"develop",
"more",
"aggressive",
"forms",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"We",
"hypothesize",
"that",
"more",
"vitamin",
"D",
"exposure",
"(",
"through",
"diet",
",",
"supplements",
",",
"and",
"sunlight",
")",
"and",
"higher",
"intake",
"of",
"calcium",
"are",
"associated",
"with",
"decreased",
"risk",
"of",
"estrogen",
"receptor",
"(",
"ER",
")",
"+",
"and",
"ER-",
"breast",
"cancer",
",",
"and",
"of",
"triple",
"-",
"negative",
"breast",
"cancer",
"(",
"TNBC",
")",
"among",
"black",
"women",
".",
"This",
"study",
"was",
"conducted",
"among",
"1724",
"black",
"cases",
"and",
"1233",
"controls",
"in",
"the",
"Women",
"'s",
"Circle",
"of",
"Health",
"Study",
"(",
"WCHS",
")",
"and",
"WCHS",
"2",
".",
"Polytomous",
"logistic",
"regressions",
"were",
"used",
"to",
"estimate",
"ORs",
"and",
"95",
"%",
"CIs",
"of",
"ER+",
"and",
"ER-",
"breast",
"cancer",
";",
"logistic",
"regressions",
"were",
"used",
"for",
"TNBC",
".",
"The",
"ORs",
"from",
"each",
"study",
"were",
"pooled",
"using",
"an",
"inverse",
"-",
"variance",
"-",
"weighted",
"random",
"-",
"effects",
"model",
".",
"Dietary",
"vitamin",
"D",
"and",
"calcium",
"intake",
"were",
"not",
"associated",
"with",
"risk",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"subtypes",
"in",
"the",
"pooled",
"analysis",
".",
"For",
"supplemental",
"vitamin",
"D",
",",
"we",
"observed",
"possible",
"inverse",
"associations",
"between",
"intake",
"of",
"≤",
"800",
"IU",
"/",
"d",
"(",
"compared",
"with",
"nonuse",
")",
"and",
"risk",
"of",
"several",
"subtypes",
",",
"with",
"effects",
"that",
"appeared",
"strongest",
"for",
"TNBC",
"(",
"OR",
":",
"0.58",
";",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
":",
"0.35",
",",
"0.94",
")",
";",
"no",
"association",
"was",
"found",
"for",
">",
"800",
"IU",
"/",
"d.",
"More",
"daylight",
"hours",
"spent",
"outdoors",
"in",
"a",
"year",
"was",
"associated",
"with",
"lower",
"risk",
"of",
"ER+",
",",
"ER-",
",",
"and",
"TNBC",
"(",
"e.g.",
",",
"highest",
"compared",
"with",
"lowest",
"quartile",
":",
"TNBC",
"OR",
":",
"0.53",
";",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
":",
"0.31",
",",
"0.91",
";",
"P",
"-",
"trend",
"=",
"0.02",
")",
".",
"Moderate",
"supplemental",
"vitamin",
"D",
"intake",
"was",
"associated",
"with",
"decreased",
"risk",
"of",
"TNBC",
",",
"and",
"increased",
"sun",
"exposure",
"was",
"associated",
"with",
"reduced",
"risk",
"of",
"ER+",
",",
"ER-",
",",
"and",
"TNBC",
"among",
"black",
"women",
"."
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"Extract",
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"Mammographic",
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"in",
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"Women",
"at",
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".",
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"and",
"animal",
"studies",
"suggest",
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"protective",
"role",
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"green",
"tea",
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"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"underlying",
"mechanism",
"is",
"not",
"understood",
".",
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"a",
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",",
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"-",
"blinded",
",",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
"phase",
"II",
"clinical",
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"(",
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",",
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"involving",
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",",
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".",
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"315",
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",",
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"mg",
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"-",
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"(",
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")",
"for",
"12",
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".",
"A",
"computer",
"-",
"assisted",
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"(",
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")",
"was",
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"to",
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"in",
"digital",
"mammograms",
"at",
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"and",
"month",
"12",
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"points",
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"932",
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"462",
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"470",
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".",
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"PMD",
")",
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",",
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"women",
",",
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"women",
",",
"an",
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"-",
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"green",
"tea",
"intake",
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"cancer",
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21 | [
"Effectiveness",
"of",
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"Rehabilitation",
"Education",
"in",
"Improving",
"the",
"Health",
"Literacy",
"and",
"Health",
"Status",
"of",
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"Patients",
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"Breast",
"Cancer",
":",
"A",
"Randomized",
"Controlled",
"Trial",
".",
"The",
"improvement",
"of",
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"cancer",
"treatment",
"and",
"the",
"extension",
"of",
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"have",
"led",
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"the",
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"of",
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"complications",
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"survivors",
".",
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"literacy",
"(",
"HL",
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",",
"defined",
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"'",
"capability",
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"status",
",",
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"cancer",
"patients",
"to",
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".",
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"aims",
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"this",
"study",
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"develop",
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"tailored",
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"(",
"TRE",
")",
"program",
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"effectiveness",
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"this",
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"in",
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".",
"This",
"randomized",
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"recruited",
"99",
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"cancer",
"patients",
"(",
"49",
"and",
"50",
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"intervention",
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"control",
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",",
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"within",
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"health",
"status",
".",
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"significant",
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22 | [
"High",
"-",
"dose",
"chemotherapy",
"with",
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"cell",
"transplantation",
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"CMA",
"/",
"PEGASE",
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".",
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"(",
"TTP",
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"OS",
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"-",
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"(",
"HD",
"-",
"CT",
")",
"over",
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"CT",
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"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
".",
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"09",
"/",
"92",
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"12",
"/",
"96",
",",
"61",
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"CT",
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",",
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"or",
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".",
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",",
"13",
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",",
"47",
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"12",
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23 | [
"High",
"-",
"dose",
"chemotherapy",
"with",
"hematopoietic",
"stem",
"-",
"cell",
"rescue",
"for",
"high",
"-",
"risk",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"The",
"use",
"of",
"high",
"-",
"dose",
"adjuvant",
"chemotherapy",
"for",
"high",
"-",
"risk",
"primary",
"breast",
"cancer",
"is",
"controversial",
".",
"We",
"studied",
"its",
"efficacy",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"4",
"to",
"9",
"or",
"10",
"or",
"more",
"tumor",
"-",
"positive",
"axillary",
"lymph",
"nodes",
".",
"Patients",
"younger",
"than",
"56",
"years",
"of",
"age",
"who",
"had",
"undergone",
"surgery",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"who",
"had",
"no",
"distant",
"metastases",
"were",
"eligible",
"if",
"they",
"had",
"at",
"least",
"four",
"tumor",
"-",
"positive",
"axillary",
"lymph",
"nodes",
".",
"Patients",
"in",
"the",
"conventional",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
"received",
"fluorouracil",
",",
"epirubicin",
",",
"and",
"cyclophosphamide",
"(",
"FEC",
")",
"every",
"three",
"weeks",
"for",
"five",
"courses",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"radiotherapy",
"and",
"tamoxifen",
".",
"The",
"high",
"-",
"dose",
"treatment",
"was",
"identical",
",",
"except",
"that",
"high",
"-",
"dose",
"chemotherapy",
"(",
"6",
"g",
"of",
"cyclophosphamide",
"per",
"square",
"meter",
"of",
"body",
"-",
"surface",
"area",
",",
"480",
"mg",
"of",
"thiotepa",
"per",
"square",
"meter",
",",
"and",
"1600",
"mg",
"of",
"carboplatin",
"per",
"square",
"meter",
")",
"with",
"autologous",
"peripheral",
"-",
"blood",
"hematopoietic",
"progenitor",
"-",
"cell",
"transplantation",
"replaced",
"the",
"fifth",
"course",
"of",
"FEC",
".",
"Of",
"the",
"885",
"patients",
",",
"442",
"were",
"assigned",
"to",
"the",
"high",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
"and",
"443",
"to",
"the",
"conventional",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
".",
"After",
"a",
"median",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"of",
"57",
"months",
",",
"the",
"actuarial",
"5",
"-year",
"relapse",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"rates",
"were",
"59",
"percent",
"in",
"the",
"conventional",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
"and",
"65",
"percent",
"in",
"the",
"high",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
"(",
"hazard",
"ratio",
"for",
"relapse",
"in",
"the",
"high",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
",",
"0.83",
";",
"95",
"percent",
"confidence",
"interval",
",",
"0.66",
"to",
"1.03",
";",
"P=",
"0.09",
")",
".",
"In",
"the",
"group",
"with",
"10",
"or",
"more",
"positive",
"nodes",
",",
"the",
"relapse",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"rates",
"were",
"51",
"percent",
"in",
"the",
"conventional",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
"and",
"61",
"percent",
"in",
"the",
"high",
"-",
"dose",
"group",
"(",
"P=",
"0.05",
"by",
"the",
"log",
"-",
"rank",
"test",
";",
"hazard",
"ratio",
"for",
"relapse",
",",
"0.71",
";",
"95",
"percent",
"confidence",
"interval",
",",
"0.50",
"to",
"1.00",
")",
".",
"High",
"-",
"dose",
"alkylating",
"therapy",
"improves",
"relapse",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"among",
"patients",
"with",
"stage",
"II",
"or",
"III",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"10",
"or",
"more",
"positive",
"axillary",
"lymph",
"nodes",
".",
"This",
"benefit",
"may",
"be",
"confined",
"to",
"patients",
"with",
"HER-",
"2",
"/",
"neu",
"-",
"negative",
"tumors",
"."
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24 | [
"Race",
"and",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"outcomes",
"in",
"a",
"randomized",
"chemotherapy",
"trial",
".",
"The",
"association",
"between",
"black",
"race",
"and",
"worse",
"outcomes",
"in",
"operable",
"breast",
"cancer",
"reported",
"in",
"previous",
"studies",
"has",
"been",
"attributed",
"to",
"a",
"higher",
"incidence",
"of",
"more",
"aggressive",
"triple",
"-",
"negative",
"disease",
",",
"disparities",
"in",
"care",
",",
"and",
"comorbidities",
".",
"We",
"evaluated",
"associations",
"between",
"black",
"race",
"and",
"outcomes",
",",
"by",
"tumor",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"and",
"HER",
"2",
"expression",
",",
"in",
"patients",
"who",
"were",
"treated",
"with",
"contemporary",
"adjuvant",
"therapy",
".",
"The",
"effect",
"of",
"black",
"race",
"on",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"and",
"overall",
"survival",
"was",
"evaluated",
"using",
"Cox",
"proportional",
"hazards",
"models",
"adjusted",
"for",
"multiple",
"covariates",
"in",
"a",
"clinical",
"trial",
"population",
"that",
"was",
"treated",
"with",
"anthracycline-",
"and",
"taxane",
"-",
"containing",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"Categorical",
"variables",
"were",
"compared",
"using",
"the",
"Fisher",
"exact",
"test",
".",
"All",
"P",
"values",
"are",
"two",
"-",
"sided",
".",
"Of",
"4817",
"eligible",
"patients",
",",
"405",
"(",
"8.4",
"%",
")",
"were",
"black",
".",
"Compared",
"with",
"nonblack",
"patients",
",",
"black",
"patients",
"had",
"a",
"higher",
"rate",
"of",
"triple",
"-",
"negative",
"disease",
"(",
"31.9",
"%",
"vs",
"17.2",
"%",
";",
"P",
"<",
".",
"001",
")",
"and",
"a",
"higher",
"body",
"mass",
"index",
"(",
"median",
":",
"31.7",
"vs",
"27.4",
"kg",
"/",
"m",
"(",
"2",
")",
";",
"P",
"<",
".",
"001",
")",
".",
"Black",
"race",
"was",
"statistically",
"significantly",
"associated",
"with",
"worse",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"(",
"5",
"-year",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
",",
"black",
"vs",
"nonblack",
":",
"76.7",
"%",
"vs",
"84.5",
"%",
";",
"hazard",
"ratio",
"of",
"recurrence",
"or",
"death",
"=",
"1.58",
",",
"95",
"%",
"confidence",
"interval",
"=",
"1.19",
"to",
"2.10",
",",
"P",
"=",
".",
"0015",
")",
"and",
"overall",
"survival",
"(",
"5",
"-year",
"overall",
"survival",
",",
"black",
"vs",
"nonblack",
":",
"87.6",
"%",
"vs",
"91.9",
"%",
";",
"hazard",
"ratio",
"of",
"death",
"=",
"1.49",
",",
"95",
"%",
"confidence",
"interval",
"=",
"1.05",
"to",
"2.12",
",",
"P",
"=",
".",
"025",
")",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
"disease",
"but",
"not",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"triple",
"-",
"negative",
"or",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"positive",
"disease",
".",
"In",
"a",
"model",
"that",
"included",
"black",
"race",
",",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
"disease",
"vs",
"other",
"subtypes",
",",
"and",
"their",
"interaction",
",",
"the",
"interaction",
"term",
"was",
"statistically",
"significant",
"for",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"(",
"P",
"=",
".",
"027",
")",
"but",
"not",
"for",
"overall",
"survival",
"(",
"P",
"=",
".",
"086",
")",
".",
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"other",
"than",
"disparities",
"in",
"care",
"or",
"aggressive",
"disease",
"contribute",
"to",
"increased",
"recurrence",
"in",
"black",
"women",
"with",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"."
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25 | [
"Exemestane",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"prevention",
":",
"a",
"critical",
"shift",
"?",
"The",
"Mammary",
"Prevention",
"3",
"(",
"MAP",
".",
"3",
")",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
"randomized",
"trial",
"in",
"4",
",",
"560",
"high",
"-",
"risk",
"postmenopausal",
"women",
"showed",
"a",
"65",
"%",
"reduction",
"in",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"with",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"exemestane",
"at",
"35",
"months",
"median",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
".",
"Few",
"differences",
"in",
"adverse",
"events",
"were",
"observed",
"between",
"the",
"arms",
",",
"suggesting",
"a",
"promising",
"risk",
":",
"benefit",
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"in",
"women",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
"undergoing",
"radiotherapy",
".",
"Previous",
"research",
"incorporating",
"yoga",
"(",
"YG",
")",
"into",
"radiotherapy",
"(",
"XRT",
")",
"for",
"women",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
"finds",
"improved",
"quality",
"of",
"life",
"(",
"QOL",
")",
".",
"However",
",",
"shortcomings",
"in",
"this",
"research",
"limit",
"the",
"findings",
".",
"Patients",
"with",
"stages",
"0",
"to",
"III",
"breast",
"cancer",
"were",
"recruited",
"before",
"starting",
"XRT",
"and",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"YG",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"53",
")",
"or",
"stretching",
"(",
"ST",
";",
"n",
"=",
"56",
")",
"three",
"times",
"a",
"week",
"for",
"6",
"weeks",
"during",
"XRT",
"or",
"waitlist",
"(",
"WL",
";",
"n",
"=",
"54",
")",
"control",
".",
"Self",
"-",
"report",
"measures",
"of",
"QOL",
"(",
"Medical",
"Outcomes",
"Study",
"36",
"-item",
"short",
"-",
"form",
"survey",
";",
"primary",
"outcomes",
")",
",",
"fatigue",
",",
"depression",
",",
"and",
"sleep",
"quality",
",",
"and",
"five",
"saliva",
"samples",
"per",
"day",
"for",
"3",
"consecutive",
"days",
"were",
"collected",
"at",
"baseline",
",",
"end",
"of",
"treatment",
",",
"and",
"1",
",",
"3",
",",
"and",
"6",
"months",
"later",
".",
"The",
"YG",
"group",
"had",
"significantly",
"greater",
"increases",
"in",
"physical",
"component",
"scale",
"scores",
"compared",
"with",
"the",
"WL",
"group",
"at",
"1",
"and",
"3",
"months",
"after",
"XRT",
"(",
"P",
"=",
".",
"01",
"and",
"P",
"=",
".",
"01",
")",
".",
"At",
"1",
",",
"3",
",",
"and",
"6",
"months",
",",
"the",
"YG",
"group",
"had",
"greater",
"increases",
"in",
"physical",
"functioning",
"compared",
"with",
"both",
"ST",
"and",
"WL",
"groups",
"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"05",
")",
",",
"with",
"ST",
"and",
"WL",
"differences",
"at",
"only",
"3",
"months",
"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"02",
")",
".",
"The",
"group",
"differences",
"were",
"similar",
"for",
"general",
"health",
"reports",
".",
"By",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"XRT",
",",
"the",
"YG",
"and",
"ST",
"groups",
"also",
"had",
"a",
"reduction",
"in",
"fatigue",
"(",
"P",
"<",
".",
"05",
")",
".",
"There",
"were",
"no",
"group",
"differences",
"for",
"mental",
"health",
"and",
"sleep",
"quality",
".",
"Cortisol",
"slope",
"was",
"steepest",
"for",
"the",
"YG",
"group",
"compared",
"with",
"the",
"ST",
"and",
"WL",
"groups",
"at",
"the",
"end",
"(",
"P",
"=",
".",
"023",
"and",
"P",
"=",
".",
"008",
")",
"and",
"1",
"month",
"after",
"XRT",
"(",
"P",
"=",
".",
"05",
"and",
"P",
"=",
".",
"04",
")",
".",
"YG",
"improved",
"QOL",
"and",
"physiological",
"changes",
"associated",
"with",
"XRT",
"beyond",
"the",
"benefits",
"of",
"simple",
"ST",
"exercises",
",",
"and",
"these",
"benefits",
"appear",
"to",
"have",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"durability",
"."
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29 | [
"Sensitivity",
"and",
"specificity",
"of",
"mammography",
"and",
"adjunctive",
"ultrasonography",
"to",
"screen",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"in",
"the",
"Japan",
"Strategic",
"Anti",
"-",
"cancer",
"Randomized",
"Trial",
"(",
"J",
"-",
"START",
")",
":",
"a",
"randomised",
"controlled",
"trial",
".",
"Mammography",
"is",
"the",
"only",
"proven",
"method",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"screening",
"that",
"reduces",
"mortality",
",",
"although",
"it",
"is",
"inaccurate",
"in",
"young",
"women",
"or",
"women",
"with",
"dense",
"breasts",
".",
"We",
"investigated",
"the",
"efficacy",
"of",
"adjunctive",
"ultrasonography",
".",
"Between",
"July",
",",
"2007",
",",
"and",
"March",
",",
"2011",
",",
"we",
"enrolled",
"asymptomatic",
"women",
"aged",
"40",
"-",
"49",
"years",
"at",
"42",
"study",
"sites",
"in",
"23",
"prefectures",
"into",
"the",
"Japan",
"Strategic",
"Anti",
"-",
"cancer",
"Randomized",
"Trial",
"(",
"J",
"-",
"START",
")",
".",
"Eligible",
"women",
"had",
"no",
"history",
"of",
"any",
"cancer",
"in",
"the",
"previous",
"5",
"years",
"and",
"were",
"expected",
"to",
"live",
"for",
"more",
"than",
"5",
"years",
".",
"Randomisation",
"was",
"done",
"centrally",
"by",
"the",
"Japan",
"Clinical",
"Research",
"Support",
"Unit",
".",
"Participants",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"in",
"1",
":1",
"ratio",
"to",
"undergo",
"mammography",
"and",
"ultrasonography",
"(",
"intervention",
"group",
")",
"or",
"mammography",
"alone",
"(",
"control",
"group",
")",
"twice",
"in",
"2",
"years",
".",
"The",
"primary",
"outcome",
"was",
"sensitivity",
",",
"specificity",
",",
"cancer",
"detection",
"rate",
",",
"and",
"stage",
"distribution",
"at",
"the",
"first",
"round",
"of",
"screening",
".",
"Analysis",
"was",
"by",
"intention",
"to",
"treat",
".",
"This",
"study",
"is",
"registered",
",",
"number",
"UMIN",
"000000757",
".",
"Of",
"72",
",",
"998",
"women",
"enrolled",
",",
"36",
",",
"859",
"were",
"assigned",
"to",
"the",
"intervention",
"group",
"and",
"36",
",",
"139",
"to",
"the",
"control",
"group",
".",
"Sensitivity",
"was",
"significantly",
"higher",
"in",
"the",
"intervention",
"group",
"than",
"in",
"the",
"control",
"group",
"(",
"91",
"·",
"1",
"%",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"87",
"·",
"2",
"-",
"95",
"·",
"0",
"vs",
"77",
"·",
"0",
"%",
",",
"70",
"·",
"3",
"-",
"83",
"·",
"7",
";",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"0004",
")",
",",
"whereas",
"specificity",
"was",
"significantly",
"lower",
"(",
"87",
"·",
"7",
"%",
",",
"87",
"·",
"3",
"-",
"88",
"·",
"0",
"vs",
"91",
"·",
"4",
"%",
",",
"91",
"·",
"1",
"-",
"91",
"·",
"7",
";",
"p",
"<",
"0",
"·",
"0001",
")",
".",
"More",
"cancers",
"were",
"detected",
"in",
"the",
"intervention",
"group",
"than",
"in",
"the",
"control",
"group",
"(",
"184",
"[",
"0",
"·",
"50",
"%",
"]",
"vs",
"117",
"[",
"0",
"·",
"32",
"%",
"]",
",",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"0003",
")",
"and",
"were",
"more",
"frequently",
"stage",
"0",
"and",
"I",
"(",
"144",
"[",
"71",
"·",
"3",
"%",
"]",
"vs",
"79",
"[",
"52",
"·",
"0",
"%",
"]",
",",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"0194",
")",
".",
"18",
"(",
"0",
"·",
"05",
"%",
")",
"interval",
"cancers",
"were",
"detected",
"in",
"the",
"intervention",
"group",
"compared",
"with",
"35",
"(",
"0",
"·",
"10",
"%",
")",
"in",
"the",
"control",
"group",
"(",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"034",
")",
".",
"Adjunctive",
"ultrasonography",
"increases",
"sensitivity",
"and",
"detection",
"rate",
"of",
"early",
"cancers",
".",
"Ministry",
"of",
"Health",
",",
"Labour",
"and",
"Welfare",
"of",
"Japan",
"."
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30 | [
"[",
"Treatment",
"of",
"advanced",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"with",
"exemestane",
",",
"a",
"multicenter",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"study",
"of",
"195",
"cases",
"]",
".",
"To",
"observe",
"the",
"efficacy",
"of",
"exemestane",
"for",
"postmenopausal",
"advanced",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
",",
"and",
"to",
"assess",
"its",
"side",
"effects",
".",
"A",
"randomized",
",",
"double",
"-",
"blind",
",",
"and",
"parallel",
"controlled",
"study",
"was",
"conducted",
"among",
"195",
"patients",
"with",
"postmenopausal",
"advanced",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"from",
"December",
"2001",
"to",
"June",
"2002",
".",
"Except",
"for",
"the",
"4",
"cases",
"who",
"were",
"lost",
"to",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
",",
"the",
"remaining",
"191",
"patients",
"were",
"divided",
"into",
"two",
"groups",
":",
"study",
"group",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"96",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"exemestane",
"capsule",
"25",
"mg",
"and",
"one",
"model",
"tablet",
"of",
"letrozole",
"orally",
"q.",
"d.",
"for",
"8",
"weeks",
")",
",",
"and",
"control",
"group",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"95",
",",
"treated",
"with",
"letrozole",
"2.5",
"mg",
"and",
"one",
"model",
"capsule",
"of",
"exemestane",
"orally",
"q.",
"d.",
"for",
"8",
"weeks",
")",
".",
"Physical",
"examination",
",",
"roentgenography",
"and",
"CT",
"were",
"conducted",
"to",
"observe",
"the",
"outcome",
"of",
"the",
"tumor",
"and",
"the",
"level",
"of",
"estrogen",
"was",
"tested",
"2",
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32 | [
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33 | [
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"Scalp",
"Cooling",
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"in",
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"Chemotherapy",
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",",
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".",
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"-",
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",",
"and",
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",",
"142",
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"-",
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"91",
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"-",
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";",
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",",
"40.7",
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"50.5",
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"40.5",
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"60.6",
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"(",
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"0061",
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",",
"the",
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"safety",
"monitoring",
"board",
"recommended",
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"26",
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"2016",
".",
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"the",
"scales",
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"4",
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"control",
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";",
"54",
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"the",
"cooling",
"group",
",",
"all",
"grades",
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"2",
".",
"There",
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"breast",
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",",
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"those",
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"have",
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".",
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"research",
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"longer",
"-",
"term",
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"adverse",
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".",
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":",
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34 | [
"Acute",
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"Short",
"-",
"term",
"Toxic",
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"-",
"WBI",
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".",
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"-",
"conserving",
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"-",
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"academic",
"cancer",
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"287",
"women",
"40",
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"to",
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"breast",
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"WBI",
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"39",
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"10",
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"14",
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"pruritus",
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",",
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"hyperpigmentation",
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",",
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"0.24",
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"0.63",
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"0.34",
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"0.16",
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"part",
"of",
"shared",
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"making",
".",
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":",
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35 | [
"A",
"cancer",
"research",
"(",
"UK",
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"randomized",
"phase",
"II",
"study",
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"idoxifene",
"in",
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"with",
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"/",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"resistant",
"to",
"tamoxifen",
".",
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"selective",
"oestrogen",
"receptor",
"modulator",
"(",
"SERM",
")",
"which",
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"affinity",
"for",
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"oestrogen",
"receptor",
"(",
"ER",
")",
"and",
"reduced",
"agonist",
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"in",
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".",
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"trial",
"in",
"56",
"postmenopausal",
"patients",
"with",
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"/",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"we",
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"showed",
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"/",
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"/",
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".",
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"(",
"25",
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",",
"22",
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",",
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">",
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"-",
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36 | [
"Tamoxifen",
"for",
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"prevention",
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"breast",
"cancer",
":",
"current",
"status",
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"the",
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"Breast",
"and",
"Bowel",
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"1",
"study",
".",
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"findings",
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"Adjuvant",
"Breast",
"and",
"Bowel",
"Project",
"Breast",
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"(",
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"tamoxifen",
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"receptor",
"-",
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"and",
"osteoporotic",
"fractures",
"in",
"women",
"at",
"increased",
"risk",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"Side",
"effects",
"of",
"varying",
"clinical",
"significance",
"were",
"observed",
".",
"The",
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"was",
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"because",
"of",
"the",
"positive",
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",",
"and",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
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".",
"This",
"report",
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"our",
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"findings",
".",
"Women",
"(",
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"=",
"13",
",",
"388",
")",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
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"or",
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"5",
"years",
".",
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"of",
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"cancer",
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"events",
"were",
"compared",
"by",
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"(",
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")",
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"95",
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"CIs",
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"-",
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"-",
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"group",
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"24.8",
"per",
"1000",
"women",
"in",
"the",
"tamoxifen",
"group",
"(",
"RR",
"=",
"0.57",
",",
"95",
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"=",
"0.46",
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"0.70",
")",
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"the",
"cumulative",
"rate",
"of",
"noninvasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"was",
"reduced",
"from",
"15.8",
"per",
"1000",
"women",
"in",
"the",
"placebo",
"group",
"to",
"10.2",
"per",
"1000",
"women",
"in",
"the",
"tamoxifen",
"group",
"(",
"RR",
"=",
"0.63",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"=",
"0.45",
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"0.89",
")",
".",
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"were",
"similar",
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"those",
"seen",
"in",
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"initial",
"report",
".",
"Tamoxifen",
"led",
"to",
"a",
"32",
"%",
"reduction",
"in",
"osteoporotic",
"fractures",
"(",
"RR",
"=",
"0.68",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"=",
"0.51",
"to",
"0.92",
")",
".",
"Relative",
"risks",
"of",
"stroke",
",",
"deep",
"-",
"vein",
"thrombosis",
",",
"and",
"cataracts",
"(",
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"increased",
"with",
"tamoxifen",
")",
"and",
"of",
"ischemic",
"heart",
"disease",
"and",
"death",
"(",
"which",
"were",
"not",
"changed",
"with",
"tamoxifen",
")",
"were",
"also",
"similar",
"to",
"those",
"initially",
"reported",
".",
"Risks",
"of",
"pulmonary",
"embolism",
"were",
"approximately",
"11",
"%",
"lower",
"than",
"in",
"the",
"original",
"report",
",",
"and",
"risks",
"of",
"endometrial",
"cancer",
"were",
"about",
"29",
"%",
"higher",
",",
"but",
"these",
"differences",
"were",
"not",
"statistically",
"significant",
".",
"The",
"net",
"benefit",
"achieved",
"with",
"tamoxifen",
"varied",
"according",
"to",
"age",
",",
"race",
",",
"and",
"level",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"risk",
".",
"Despite",
"the",
"potential",
"bias",
"caused",
"by",
"the",
"unblinding",
"of",
"the",
"P-",
"1",
"trial",
",",
"the",
"magnitudes",
"of",
"all",
"beneficial",
"and",
"undesirable",
"treatment",
"effects",
"of",
"tamoxifen",
"were",
"similar",
"to",
"those",
"initially",
"reported",
",",
"with",
"notable",
"reductions",
"in",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"increased",
"risks",
"of",
"thromboembolic",
"events",
"and",
"endometrial",
"cancer",
".",
"Readily",
"identifiable",
"subsets",
"of",
"individuals",
"comprising",
"2.5",
"million",
"women",
"could",
"derive",
"a",
"net",
"benefit",
"from",
"the",
"drug",
"."
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37 | [
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"versus",
"tamoxifen",
"for",
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"treatment",
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"advanced",
"breast",
"cancer",
"in",
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"with",
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"therapy",
":",
"a",
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",",
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"-",
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",",
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".",
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"efficacy",
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"(",
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";",
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"LP",
",",
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",",
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",",
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")",
"antagonist",
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",",
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",",
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"and",
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",",
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"the",
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"cancer",
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".",
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",",
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"-",
"blind",
",",
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",",
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",",
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"8.3",
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"39",
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"33.9",
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38 | [
"Long",
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"chemotherapy",
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"-",
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".",
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"(",
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"pathological",
"complete",
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"(",
"pCR",
")",
"rates",
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".",
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"-",
"term",
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"(",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
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"[",
"DFS",
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",",
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"[",
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",",
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"III",
",",
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39 | [
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40 | [
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41 | [
"[",
"Survival",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"treated",
"with",
"inhibitors",
"of",
"the",
"aromatase",
"vs",
"tamoxifen",
"]",
".",
"In",
"Mexico",
"the",
"breast",
"cancer",
"occupies",
"the",
"second",
"place",
"as",
"cause",
"of",
"death",
"by",
"oncological",
"illness",
"and",
"the",
"etiology",
"is",
"considered",
"multifactorial",
".",
"The",
"systemic",
"treatment",
"of",
"this",
"cancer",
"is",
"necessarily",
"after",
"the",
"surgery",
"and",
"simultaneously",
"when",
"radiotherapy",
"is",
"used",
";",
"therefore",
"the",
"recent",
"introduction",
"of",
"newly",
"non",
"toxics",
"and",
"efficient",
"antiestrogens",
"which",
"block",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"estrogens",
"from",
"circulation",
"have",
"become",
"drugs",
"of",
"first",
"line",
"in",
"the",
"metastasis",
"illness",
".",
"To",
"compare",
"the",
"clinical",
"evolution",
"and",
"the",
"survival",
"of",
"patients",
"with",
"locally",
"advanced",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"metastasis",
"with",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"two",
"therapeutic",
"modalities",
".",
"Under",
"informed",
"consent",
"20",
"patients",
"with",
"diagnosis",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"out",
"of",
"oncological",
"therapeutic",
"processing",
"were",
"included",
".",
"Randomly",
"an",
"inhibitor",
"of",
"the",
"aromatase",
"(",
"anastrozole",
",",
"1",
"mg",
"for",
"day",
")",
"was",
"used",
"in",
"10",
"patients",
"and",
"in",
"the",
"other",
"10",
"patients",
"tamoxifen",
"(",
"20",
"mg",
"for",
"day",
")",
"both",
"for",
"2",
"years",
",",
"subject",
"to",
"verification",
"of",
"positive",
"estrogens",
"-",
"progesterone",
"receptors",
".",
"Half",
"of",
"the",
"patients",
"of",
"each",
"group",
"had",
"a",
"clinical",
"stage",
"III",
".",
"The",
"most",
"frequent",
"histological",
"diagnosis",
"was",
"the",
"ductal",
"carcinoma",
"in",
"70",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"group",
"with",
"tamoxifen",
"use",
",",
"while",
"in",
"anastrozole",
"group",
"was",
"90",
"%",
";",
"the",
"mastectomy",
"prior",
"to",
"the",
"tamoxifen",
"was",
"carried",
"out",
"in",
"60",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"patients",
"and",
"in",
"50",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"group",
"with",
"anastrozole",
".",
"The",
"acceptable",
"response",
"to",
"the",
"processing",
"in",
"the",
"patients",
"with",
"tamoxifen",
"was",
"complete",
"in",
"the",
"60",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"cases",
",",
"but",
"with",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"anastrozole",
"was",
"80",
"%",
";",
"survival",
"in",
"the",
"group",
"with",
"anastrozole",
"was",
"of",
"100",
"%",
"in",
"two",
"years",
"of",
"follow",
"up",
",",
"while",
"in",
"women",
"that",
"received",
"tamoxifen",
"the",
"survival",
"was",
"90",
"%",
"(",
"p",
"<",
"0.001",
")",
".",
"The",
"use",
"of",
"anastrozole",
"improved",
"the",
"survival",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"the",
"quality",
"of",
"life",
",",
"showing",
"no",
"side",
"effects",
"in",
"this",
"group",
"of",
"patients",
"."
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42 | [
"Effects",
"of",
"adjuvant",
"exemestane",
"versus",
"anastrozole",
"on",
"bone",
"mineral",
"density",
"for",
"women",
"with",
"early",
"breast",
"cancer",
"(",
"MA.",
"27",
"B",
")",
":",
"a",
"companion",
"analysis",
"of",
"a",
"randomised",
"controlled",
"trial",
".",
"Treatment",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"with",
"aromatase",
"inhibitors",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"damage",
"to",
"bones",
".",
"NCIC",
"CTG",
"MA",
".",
"27",
"was",
"an",
"open",
"-",
"label",
",",
"phase",
"3",
",",
"randomised",
"controlled",
"trial",
"in",
"which",
"women",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
"were",
"assigned",
"to",
"one",
"of",
"two",
"adjuvant",
"oral",
"aromatase",
"inhibitors",
"-",
"exemestane",
"or",
"anastrozole",
".",
"We",
"postulated",
"that",
"exemestane",
"-",
"a",
"mildly",
"androgenic",
"steroid",
"-",
"might",
"have",
"a",
"less",
"detrimental",
"effect",
"on",
"bone",
"than",
"non",
"-",
"steroidal",
"anastrozole",
".",
"In",
"this",
"companion",
"study",
"to",
"MA",
".",
"27",
",",
"we",
"compared",
"changes",
"in",
"bone",
"mineral",
"density",
"(",
"BMD",
")",
"in",
"the",
"lumbar",
"spine",
"and",
"total",
"hip",
"between",
"patients",
"treated",
"with",
"exemestane",
"and",
"patients",
"treated",
"with",
"anastrozole",
".",
"In",
"MA",
".",
"27",
",",
"postmenopausal",
"women",
"with",
"early",
"stage",
"hormone",
"(",
"oestrogen",
")",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"exemestane",
"25",
"mg",
"versus",
"anastrozole",
"1",
"mg",
",",
"daily",
".",
"MA.",
"27",
"B",
"recruited",
"two",
"groups",
"of",
"women",
"from",
"MA",
".",
"27",
":",
"those",
"with",
"BMD",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"of",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
"or",
"more",
"(",
"up",
"to",
"2",
"SDs",
"below",
"sex",
"-",
"matched",
",",
"young",
"adult",
"mean",
")",
"and",
"those",
"with",
"at",
"least",
"one",
"T",
"-",
"score",
"(",
"hip",
"or",
"spine",
")",
"less",
"than",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
".",
"Both",
"groups",
"received",
"vitamin",
"D",
"and",
"calcium",
";",
"those",
"with",
"baseline",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"of",
"less",
"than",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
"also",
"received",
"bisphosphonates",
".",
"The",
"primary",
"endpoints",
"were",
"percent",
"change",
"of",
"BMD",
"at",
"2",
"years",
"in",
"lumbar",
"spine",
"and",
"total",
"hip",
"for",
"both",
"groups",
".",
"We",
"analysed",
"patients",
"according",
"to",
"which",
"aromatase",
"inhibitor",
"and",
"T",
"-",
"score",
"groups",
"they",
"were",
"allocated",
"to",
"but",
"BMD",
"assessments",
"ceased",
"if",
"patients",
"deviated",
"from",
"protocol",
".",
"This",
"study",
"is",
"registered",
"with",
"ClinicalTrials.gov",
",",
"NCT",
"00354302",
".",
"Between",
"April",
"24",
",",
"2006",
",",
"and",
"May",
"30",
",",
"2008",
",",
"300",
"patients",
"with",
"baseline",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"of",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
"or",
"more",
"were",
"accrued",
"(",
"147",
"allocated",
"exemestane",
",",
"153",
"anastrozole",
")",
";",
"and",
"197",
"patients",
"with",
"baseline",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"of",
"less",
"than",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
"(",
"101",
"exemestane",
",",
"96",
"anastrozole",
")",
".",
"For",
"patients",
"with",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"greater",
"than",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
"at",
"baseline",
",",
"mean",
"change",
"of",
"bone",
"mineral",
"density",
"in",
"the",
"spine",
"at",
"2",
"years",
"did",
"not",
"differ",
"significantly",
"between",
"patients",
"taking",
"exemestane",
"and",
"patients",
"taking",
"anastrozole",
"(",
"-",
"0",
"·",
"92",
"%",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"35",
"to",
"0",
"·",
"50",
"vs",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"39",
"%",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"-",
"3",
"·",
"77",
"to",
"-",
"1",
"·",
"01",
";",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"08",
")",
".",
"Respective",
"mean",
"loss",
"in",
"the",
"hip",
"was",
"-",
"1",
"·",
"93",
"%",
"(",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"93",
"to",
"-",
"0",
"·",
"93",
")",
"versus",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"71",
"%",
"(",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"-",
"4",
"·",
"32",
"to",
"-",
"1",
"·",
"11",
";",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"10",
")",
".",
"Likewise",
"for",
"those",
"who",
"started",
"with",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"of",
"less",
"than",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
",",
"mean",
"change",
"of",
"spine",
"bone",
"mineral",
"density",
"at",
"2",
"years",
"did",
"not",
"differ",
"significantly",
"between",
"the",
"exemestane",
"and",
"anastrozole",
"treatment",
"groups",
"(",
"2",
"·",
"11",
"%",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"-",
"0",
"·",
"84",
"to",
"5",
"·",
"06",
"vs",
"3",
"·",
"72",
"%",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"1",
"·",
"54",
"to",
"5",
"·",
"89",
";",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"26",
")",
",",
"nor",
"did",
"hip",
"bone",
"mineral",
"density",
"(",
"2",
"·",
"09",
"%",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"-",
"1",
"·",
"45",
"to",
"5",
"·",
"63",
"vs",
"0",
"·",
"0",
"%",
",",
"95",
"%",
"CI",
"-",
"3",
"·",
"67",
"to",
"3",
"·",
"66",
";",
"p=",
"0",
"·",
"28",
")",
".",
"Patients",
"with",
"baseline",
"T",
"-",
"score",
"of",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
"or",
"more",
"taking",
"exemestane",
"had",
"two",
"fragility",
"fractures",
"and",
"two",
"other",
"fractures",
",",
"those",
"taking",
"anastrozole",
"had",
"three",
"fragility",
"fractures",
"and",
"five",
"other",
"fractures",
".",
"For",
"patients",
"who",
"had",
"baseline",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"of",
"less",
"than",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
"taking",
"exemestane",
",",
"one",
"had",
"a",
"fragility",
"fracture",
"and",
"four",
"had",
"other",
"fractures",
",",
"whereas",
"those",
"taking",
"anastrozole",
"had",
"five",
"fragility",
"fractures",
"and",
"one",
"other",
"fracture",
".",
"Our",
"results",
"demonstrate",
"that",
"adjuvant",
"treatment",
"with",
"aromatase",
"inhibitors",
"can",
"be",
"considered",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"who",
"have",
"T",
"-",
"scores",
"less",
"than",
"-",
"2",
"·",
"0",
".",
"Canadian",
"Cancer",
"Society",
"Research",
"Institute",
",",
"Pfizer",
",",
"Canadian",
"Institutes",
"of",
"Health",
"Research",
"."
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43 | [
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"early",
"physiotherapy",
"to",
"prevent",
"lymphoedema",
"after",
"surgery",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
":",
"randomised",
",",
"single",
"blinded",
",",
"clinical",
"trial",
".",
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"determine",
"the",
"effectiveness",
"of",
"early",
"physiotherapy",
"in",
"reducing",
"the",
"risk",
"of",
"secondary",
"lymphoedema",
"after",
"surgery",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"Randomised",
",",
"single",
"blinded",
",",
"clinical",
"trial",
".",
"University",
"hospital",
"in",
"Alcalá",
"de",
"Henares",
",",
"Madrid",
",",
"Spain",
".",
"120",
"women",
"who",
"had",
"breast",
"surgery",
"involving",
"dissection",
"of",
"axillary",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"between",
"May",
"2005",
"and",
"June",
"2007",
".",
"The",
"early",
"physiotherapy",
"group",
"was",
"treated",
"by",
"a",
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"with",
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"physiotherapy",
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"lymph",
"drainage",
",",
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",",
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".",
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".",
"The",
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"educational",
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"only",
".",
"Incidence",
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"significant",
"secondary",
"lymphoedema",
"(",
">",
"2",
"cm",
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"arm",
"circumference",
"measured",
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"two",
"adjacent",
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"compared",
"with",
"the",
"non",
"-",
"affected",
"arm",
")",
".",
"116",
"women",
"completed",
"the",
"one",
"year",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
".",
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",",
"18",
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"(",
"16",
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")",
":",
"14",
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"(",
"25",
"%",
")",
"and",
"four",
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"(",
"7",
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")",
".",
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"(",
"P=",
"0.01",
")",
";",
"risk",
"ratio",
"0.28",
"(",
"95",
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"0.10",
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",",
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"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
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"dissection",
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44 | [
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"432",
"(",
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")",
"to",
"reduce",
"seroma",
"formation",
"after",
"axillary",
"lymphadenectomy",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"The",
"occurrence",
"of",
"seroma",
"formation",
"after",
"axillary",
"lymphadenectomy",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"can",
"not",
"be",
"ignored",
".",
"Various",
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"have",
"been",
"used",
"in",
"an",
"effort",
"to",
"reduce",
"it",
",",
"but",
"these",
"results",
"are",
"still",
"controversial",
".",
"We",
"aimed",
"to",
"describe",
"a",
"new",
"method",
"of",
"application",
"of",
"OK-",
"432",
"(",
"Sapylin",
",",
"heat",
"-",
"treated",
"Su",
"strain",
"of",
"Streptococcus",
")",
"to",
"reduce",
"seroma",
"formation",
"after",
"axillary",
"lymphadenectomy",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"and",
"to",
"verify",
"the",
"safety",
"and",
"efficacy",
"of",
"it",
"as",
"a",
"beneficial",
"supplement",
"for",
"conventional",
"surgery",
".",
"A",
"prospective",
",",
"randomized",
"analysis",
"of",
"consecutive",
"quadrantectomy",
"or",
"mastectomy",
"plus",
"axillary",
"lymphadenectomy",
"using",
"or",
"not",
"using",
"OK-",
"432",
"was",
"designed",
".",
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"2010",
"to",
"November",
"2011",
",",
"a",
"total",
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"111",
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"were",
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",",
"randomized",
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"-",
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"432",
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"the",
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"fossa",
"plus",
"placement",
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"closed",
"suction",
"drainage",
"was",
"used",
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"54",
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"(",
"the",
"experimental",
"group",
")",
";",
"placement",
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"closed",
"suction",
"drainage",
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"the",
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")",
".",
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"(",
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"28",
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45 | [
"A",
"text",
"message",
"intervention",
"to",
"support",
"women",
"'s",
"physical",
"and",
"mental",
"health",
"after",
"breast",
"cancer",
"treatments",
"(",
"EMPOWER",
"-",
"SMS",
")",
":",
"a",
"randomised",
"controlled",
"trial",
"protocol",
".",
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"cancer",
"is",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"cancer",
"diagnosed",
"in",
"women",
"worldwide",
".",
"In",
"developed",
"countries",
",",
"80",
"-",
"90",
"%",
"of",
"women",
"will",
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"hospital",
"-",
"based",
"care",
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"-",
"management",
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"-",
"efficacy",
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".",
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"programs",
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"a",
"simple",
"and",
"proven",
"way",
"to",
"provide",
"support",
"to",
"people",
"with",
"chronic",
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".",
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"study",
"aims",
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"the",
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"text",
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"efficacy",
",",
"and",
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"mental",
"health",
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"cancer",
"treatments",
"compared",
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"usual",
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"at",
"6",
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"and",
"to",
"understand",
"the",
"barriers",
"and",
"enablers",
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".",
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"-",
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"randomised",
"control",
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"(",
"RCT",
";",
"N",
"=",
"160",
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"comparing",
"a",
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"message",
"support",
"intervention",
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"usual",
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"in",
"women",
"with",
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"cancer",
"(",
"recruited",
"from",
"a",
"large",
"tertiary",
"referral",
"hospital",
"in",
"Sydney",
",",
"Australia",
")",
".",
"The",
"intervention",
"group",
"will",
"receive",
"a",
"six",
"-",
"month",
"text",
"message",
"support",
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",",
"which",
"consists",
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"-",
"personalised",
",",
"supportive",
",",
"lifestyle",
"-",
"focused",
"text",
"messages",
"(",
"4",
"messages",
"/",
"week",
")",
"in",
"addition",
"to",
"usual",
"care",
".",
"The",
"control",
"group",
"will",
"receive",
"usual",
"care",
"without",
"the",
"text",
"message",
"program",
".",
"Outcomes",
"will",
"be",
"assessed",
"at",
"6",
"-months",
".",
"The",
"primary",
"outcome",
"is",
"change",
"in",
"self",
"-",
"efficacy",
"for",
"managing",
"chronic",
"disease",
".",
"Secondary",
"outcomes",
"include",
"change",
"in",
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"outcomes",
"(",
"body",
"mass",
"index",
")",
",",
"lifestyle",
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"(",
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",",
"dietary",
"behaviours",
")",
",",
"mood",
"(",
"depression",
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"anxiety",
"scales",
")",
",",
"quality",
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"life",
",",
"satisfaction",
"with",
",",
"and",
"usefulness",
"of",
"the",
"intervention",
".",
"Analyses",
"will",
"be",
"performed",
"on",
"the",
"principle",
"of",
"intention",
"-",
"to",
"-",
"treat",
"to",
"examine",
"differences",
"between",
"intervention",
"and",
"control",
"groups",
".",
"This",
"study",
"will",
"test",
"if",
"a",
"scalable",
"and",
"cost",
"-",
"effective",
"text",
"-",
"messaging",
"intervention",
"is",
"effective",
"at",
"improving",
"women",
"'s",
"health",
"self",
"-",
"efficacy",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"physical",
"and",
"mental",
"health",
"outcomes",
".",
"Moreover",
",",
"this",
"study",
"will",
"provide",
"essential",
"preliminary",
"data",
"to",
"bolster",
"a",
"large",
"multicentre",
"RCT",
"to",
"helpsupport",
"breast",
"cancer",
"survivors",
"throughout",
"recovery",
"and",
"beyond",
".",
"Australia",
"New",
"Zealand",
"Clinical",
"Trials",
"Registry",
"(",
"ANZCTR",
")",
"number",
"ACTRN",
"12618002020268",
",",
"17",
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46 | [
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"lipids",
",",
"lipoproteins",
",",
"and",
"risk",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
":",
"a",
"nested",
"case",
"-",
"control",
"study",
"using",
"multiple",
"time",
"points",
".",
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"is",
"strong",
"evidence",
"that",
"breast",
"cancer",
"risk",
"is",
"influenced",
"by",
"environmental",
"factors",
".",
"Blood",
"lipid",
"and",
"lipoprotein",
"levels",
"are",
"also",
"influenced",
"by",
"environmental",
"factors",
"and",
"are",
"associated",
"with",
"some",
"breast",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
".",
"We",
"examined",
"whether",
"serial",
"measures",
"of",
"serum",
"lipids",
"and",
"lipoproteins",
"were",
"associated",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
"risk",
".",
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"carried",
"out",
"a",
"nested",
"case",
"-",
"control",
"study",
"within",
"a",
"randomized",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"dietary",
"intervention",
"trial",
"with",
"4690",
"women",
"with",
"extensive",
"mammographic",
"density",
"followed",
"for",
"an",
"average",
"of",
"10",
"years",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"incidence",
".",
"We",
"measured",
"lipids",
"in",
"an",
"average",
"of",
"4.2",
"blood",
"samples",
"for",
"279",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"case",
"subjects",
"and",
"558",
"matched",
"control",
"subjects",
".",
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"calculated",
"subaverages",
"of",
"lipids",
"for",
"each",
"subject",
"based",
"on",
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"status",
"and",
"use",
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"(",
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"cancer",
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"estimating",
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".",
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"-",
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"-",
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"-",
"cholesterol",
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"HDL",
"-",
"C",
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"(",
"P",
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"P",
"=",
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"cancer",
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"75",
"(",
"th",
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"vs",
"25",
"(",
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"HDL",
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"=",
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"not",
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".",
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"demonstrate",
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"serum",
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"are",
"associated",
"with",
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"cancer",
"risk",
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"women",
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47 | [
"Letrozole",
"and",
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"as",
"neoadjuvant",
"therapy",
"of",
"high",
"-",
"risk",
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"cancer",
".",
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"is",
"a",
"CDK",
"4",
"/",
"6",
"inhibitor",
"with",
"demonstrated",
"efficacy",
"and",
"safety",
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"with",
"endocrine",
"therapy",
"in",
"advanced",
"luminal",
"breast",
"cancer",
"(",
"LBC",
")",
".",
"We",
"evaluated",
"the",
"respective",
"efficacy",
"and",
"safety",
"of",
"chemotherapy",
"and",
"letrozole",
"-",
"palbociclib",
"(",
"LETPAL",
")",
"combination",
"as",
"neoadjuvant",
"treatment",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"high",
"-",
"risk",
"LBC",
".",
"NeoPAL",
"(",
"UCBG",
"10",
"/",
"4",
",",
"NCT",
"02400567",
")",
"is",
"a",
"randomised",
",",
"parallel",
",",
"non",
"-",
"comparative",
"phase",
"II",
"study",
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"positive",
",",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
",",
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"®",
"-defined",
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",",
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"III",
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"22",
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"high",
"-",
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"NCT",
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48 | [
"Effect",
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"doses",
"of",
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"on",
"serum",
"testosterone",
"and",
"insulin",
"in",
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"-",
"diabetic",
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"cancer",
":",
"a",
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".",
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",",
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"modifying",
"the",
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"and",
"metabolic",
"parameters",
"linked",
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"cancer",
"prognosis",
".",
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"the",
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"dose",
"of",
"1500",
"mg",
"/",
"d",
"of",
"metformin",
"causes",
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"reduction",
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"testosterone",
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"levels",
".",
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"levels",
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"cancer",
"(",
"BC",
")",
"incidence",
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"prognosis",
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"syndrome",
",",
"metformin",
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"testosterone",
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";",
"a",
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",",
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"patients",
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"not",
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".",
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"aim",
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"present",
"study",
"was",
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"the",
"effect",
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"different",
"doses",
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"metformin",
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"levels",
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"insulin",
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"testosterone",
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"patients",
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"breast",
"cancer",
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"diabetes",
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"/",
"mL",
"(",
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".",
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"eligible",
"women",
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"invited",
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"take",
"metformin",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"d",
"for",
"3",
"months",
".",
"The",
"108",
"women",
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"completed",
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"first",
"3",
"months",
"were",
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"d",
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"a",
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"b.i.d",
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")",
"for",
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",",
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",",
"for",
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",",
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"[",
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".",
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".",
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"these",
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"might",
"have",
"a",
"prognostic",
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49 | [
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"incidence",
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"osteoporotic",
"women",
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"receptor",
"modulators",
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",",
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"used",
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"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"(",
"ER+",
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"fractures",
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",",
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"the",
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"-",
"control",
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",",
"0.5",
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",",
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50 | [
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"by",
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"NMDAR",
".",
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"memantine",
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"-",
"10",
"numerical",
"rating",
"scale",
"at",
"1",
"month",
"postmastectomy",
".",
"Data",
"analysis",
"will",
"use",
"mixed",
"models",
";",
"all",
"tests",
"will",
"be",
"two",
"-",
"tailed",
",",
"with",
"type",
"-",
"I",
"error",
"set",
"at",
"α=",
"0.05",
".",
"The",
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"protocol",
"and",
"informed",
"consent",
"form",
"were",
"approved",
"in",
"December",
"2016",
"by",
"the",
"French",
"Research",
"Ethics",
"Committee",
"(",
"South",
"East",
"VI",
"Committee",
")",
".",
"Results",
"will",
"be",
"communicated",
"in",
"various",
"congresses",
"and",
"published",
"in",
"international",
"publications",
".",
"NCT",
"03063931",
"."
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52 | [
"No",
"effect",
"of",
"exercise",
"on",
"insulin",
"-",
"like",
"growth",
"factor",
"-",
"I",
",",
"insulin",
",",
"and",
"glucose",
"in",
"young",
"women",
"participating",
"in",
"a",
"16",
"-week",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trial",
".",
"Insulin",
"-",
"like",
"growth",
"factor",
"I",
"(",
"IGF",
"-",
"I",
")",
"and",
"IGF",
"binding",
"protein",
"3",
"(",
"IGFBP-",
"3",
")",
"have",
"been",
"associated",
"with",
"increased",
"risk",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"We",
"report",
"our",
"findings",
"on",
"the",
"effects",
"of",
"16",
"weeks",
"of",
"aerobic",
"exercise",
"on",
"IGF",
"axis",
"proteins",
",",
"insulin",
",",
"glucose",
",",
"and",
"insulin",
"resistance",
"of",
"319",
"young",
"sedentary",
"women",
".",
"Demographics",
",",
"health",
"surveys",
",",
"body",
"composition",
",",
"dietary",
"intake",
",",
"and",
"blood",
"samples",
"were",
"collected",
"at",
"baseline",
"and",
"16",
"weeks",
".",
"IGF",
"-",
"I",
"and",
"IGFBP-",
"1",
",",
"IGFBP-",
"2",
",",
"and",
"IGFBP-",
"3",
"were",
"measured",
"by",
"ELISA",
".",
"Exercise",
"adherence",
"was",
"88",
"%",
".",
"The",
"dropout",
"rates",
"for",
"the",
"exercise",
"and",
"control",
"groups",
"were",
"21.7",
"%",
"and",
"14.5",
"%",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"There",
"was",
"a",
"small",
"significant",
"change",
"from",
"baseline",
"in",
"IGFBP-",
"3",
"concentrations",
".",
"IGFBP-",
"3",
"levels",
"decreased",
"in",
"controls",
"and",
"increased",
"in",
"exercisers",
".",
"The",
"between",
"-",
"group",
"difference",
"was",
"significant",
".",
"No",
"other",
"changes",
"were",
"noted",
".",
"Sixteen",
"weeks",
"of",
"exercise",
"had",
"minimum",
"or",
"no",
"effect",
"on",
"IGF",
"proteins",
"of",
"young",
"women",
".",
"Our",
"study",
"supports",
"findings",
"from",
"previous",
"studies",
"conducted",
"in",
"older",
"populations",
"and",
"raises",
"the",
"question",
"of",
"what",
"type",
"of",
"intervention",
"is",
"needed",
"to",
"change",
"circulating",
"levels",
"of",
"IGF",
"proteins",
"in",
"humans",
"."
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53 | [
"Histopathological",
"assessment",
"of",
"anastrozole",
"and",
"tamoxifen",
"as",
"preoperative",
"(",
"neoadjuvant",
")",
"treatment",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"Japanese",
"women",
"with",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"in",
"the",
"PROACT",
"trial",
".",
"The",
"PReOperative",
"'",
"Arimidex",
"'",
"Compared",
"with",
"Tamoxifen",
"(",
"PROACT",
")",
"trial",
"compared",
"neoadjuvant",
"anastrozole",
"and",
"tamoxifen",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"women",
"with",
"large",
",",
"operable",
"or",
"potentially",
"operable",
",",
"locally",
"advanced",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"Here",
",",
"we",
"compare",
"objective",
"clinical",
"responses",
"with",
"histopathological",
"tumor",
"responses",
"to",
"therapy",
"in",
"a",
"cohort",
"of",
"97",
"Japanese",
"patients",
",",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"investigate",
"the",
"consistency",
"of",
"assessment",
"methods",
"and",
"the",
"change",
"in",
"estrogen",
"-",
"receptor",
"(",
"ER",
")",
"and",
"progesterone",
"-",
"receptor",
"(",
"PgR",
")",
"status",
".",
"Histopathological",
"response",
"and",
"the",
"change",
"in",
"ER",
"and",
"PgR",
"status",
"were",
"assessed",
"by",
"comparing",
"pathological",
"specimens",
"collected",
"at",
"baseline",
"(",
"via",
"needle",
"biopsy",
")",
"with",
"those",
"collected",
"at",
"3",
"months",
"(",
"from",
"excised",
"tumors",
")",
".",
"The",
"response",
"was",
"evaluated",
"using",
"Pathological",
"Response",
"Criteria",
"for",
"Breast",
"Cancer",
"as",
"defined",
"by",
"the",
"Japanese",
"Breast",
"Cancer",
"Society",
".",
"The",
"patients",
"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"receive",
"anastrozole",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"48",
")",
"or",
"tamoxifen",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"49",
")",
".",
"A",
"numerically",
"greater",
"histopathological",
"response",
"rate",
"was",
"observed",
"when",
"neoadjuvant",
"anastrozole",
"compared",
"with",
"neoadjuvant",
"tamoxifen",
"(",
"35.4",
"and",
"12.2",
"%",
",",
"respectively",
")",
".",
"The",
"histopathological",
"and",
"clinical",
"objective",
"response",
"rates",
"agreed",
"in",
"63",
"/",
"97",
"patients",
".",
"The",
"ER",
"status",
"of",
"5",
"/",
"40",
"patients",
"changed",
"from",
"positive",
"at",
"baseline",
"to",
"negative",
"at",
"3",
"months",
"in",
"the",
"anastrozole",
"group",
"compared",
"with",
"20",
"/",
"37",
"patients",
"in",
"the",
"tamoxifen",
"group",
".",
"The",
"PgR",
"status",
"of",
"16",
"/",
"17",
"patients",
"in",
"the",
"anastrozole",
"group",
"and",
"of",
"1",
"/",
"11",
"patients",
"in",
"the",
"tamoxifen",
"group",
"changed",
"from",
"positive",
"to",
"negative",
".",
"These",
"data",
"support",
"the",
"findings",
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"the",
"main",
"PROACT",
"trial",
",",
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"confirmed",
"that",
"anastrozole",
",",
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"compared",
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"tamoxifen",
",",
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"an",
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"neoadjuvant",
"endocrine",
"treatment",
"in",
"objective",
"response",
"rates",
"for",
"postmenopausal",
"women",
"with",
"large",
"operable",
"hormone",
"-",
"receptor",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
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"follow",
"-",
"up",
"is",
"required",
"to",
"confirm",
"whether",
"histopathological",
"responses",
"to",
"therapy",
"correlate",
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"an",
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54 | [
"Axillary",
"node",
"sampling",
"in",
"conjunction",
"with",
"sentinel",
"node",
"biopsy",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"A",
"prospective",
"preliminary",
"study",
".",
"In",
"patients",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
"(",
"BC",
")",
",",
"axillary",
"lymph",
"node",
"sampling",
"(",
"ALNS",
")",
"is",
"a",
"reliable",
"procedure",
"with",
"low",
"morbidity",
",",
"alternative",
"or",
"complementary",
"to",
"sentinel",
"lymph",
"node",
"biopsy",
"(",
"SLNB",
")",
",",
"which",
"may",
"improve",
"the",
"detection",
"rate",
"of",
"axillary",
"node",
"metastases",
"as",
"compared",
"to",
"SLNB",
"alone",
"in",
"staging",
"the",
"axilla",
".",
"The",
"aim",
"of",
"this",
"study",
"was",
"to",
"assess",
"the",
"usefulness",
"of",
"ALNS",
"in",
"conjunction",
"with",
"SLNB",
"in",
"improving",
"the",
"sensitivity",
"of",
"SLNB",
"alone",
"at",
"frozen",
"section",
"examination",
".",
"One",
"hundred",
"and",
"twelve",
"women",
"(",
"median",
"age",
"56",
"years",
",",
"range",
"29",
"-",
"71",
"years",
")",
"with",
"BC",
"underwent",
"SLNB",
"using",
"a",
"combined",
"radioisotope",
"and",
"isosulfan",
"blue",
"dye",
"technique",
".",
"Two",
"groups",
"of",
"age-",
"and",
"tumor",
"size",
"-",
"matched",
"patients",
"were",
"prospectively",
"randomized",
":",
"Group",
"A",
"(",
"SLNB",
"alone",
",",
"55",
"women",
")",
"and",
"group",
"B",
"(",
"SLNB",
"plus",
"ALNS",
",",
"57",
"women",
")",
".",
"Intraoperative",
"examination",
"showed",
"SN",
"involvement",
"in",
"32",
"(",
"28.6",
"%",
")",
"patients",
":",
"group",
"A",
"=",
"14",
"(",
"25.5",
"%",
")",
",",
"group",
"B",
"=",
"18",
"(",
"31.6",
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"90.0",
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"0.23",
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",",
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"B",
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"age",
">",
"65",
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",",
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55 | [
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",",
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",",
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"mastectomies",
",",
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"costs",
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"arguments",
"against",
"MRI",
".",
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"purpose",
"of",
"this",
"study",
"was",
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"determine",
"whether",
"preoperative",
"breast",
"MRI",
"would",
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"primary",
"surgical",
"management",
",",
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"/",
"reoperation",
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",",
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"in",
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".",
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",",
"randomized",
",",
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",",
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",",
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":1",
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",",
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"BCS",
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56 | [
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":",
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"epidermal",
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"receptor",
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"(",
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",",
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"phase",
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",",
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",",
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"(",
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",",
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"(",
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",",
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":",
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"PALOMA",
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"-",
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58 | [
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59 | [
"Phase",
"III",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
",",
"double",
"-",
"blind",
",",
"randomized",
"trial",
"of",
"pegfilgrastim",
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"the",
"risk",
"of",
"febrile",
"neutropenia",
"in",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"receiving",
"docetaxel",
"/",
"cyclophosphamide",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"Pegfilgrastim",
"is",
"a",
"pegylated",
"form",
"of",
"filgrastim",
",",
"a",
"recombinant",
"protein",
"of",
"granulocyte",
"colony",
"-",
"stimulating",
"factor",
",",
"that",
"is",
"used",
"to",
"reduce",
"the",
"risk",
"of",
"febrile",
"neutropenia",
"(",
"FN",
")",
".",
"Here",
",",
"we",
"report",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"a",
"phase",
"III",
"trial",
"of",
"pegfilgrastim",
"in",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"receiving",
"docetaxel",
"and",
"cyclophosphamide",
"(",
"TC",
")",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"We",
"conducted",
"a",
"double",
"-",
"blind",
",",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
",",
"randomized",
"trial",
"to",
"determine",
"the",
"efficacy",
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"pegfilgrastim",
"in",
"reducing",
"the",
"risk",
"of",
"FN",
"in",
"early",
"-",
"stage",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
".",
"A",
"total",
"of",
"351",
"women",
"(",
"177",
"in",
"the",
"pegfilgrastim",
"group",
"and",
"174",
"in",
"the",
"placebo",
"group",
")",
"between",
"20",
"and",
"69",
"years",
"of",
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"with",
"stage",
"I",
"-",
"III",
"invasive",
"breast",
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"TC",
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"docetaxel",
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"/",
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"(",
"2",
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"/",
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"(",
"2",
")",
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")",
"as",
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"or",
"adjuvant",
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"were",
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";",
"346",
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"(",
"n",
"=",
"173",
")",
"or",
"placebo",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"173",
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".",
"The",
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"(",
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",",
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".",
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",",
"patients",
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"group",
"required",
"less",
"hospitalization",
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"antibiotics",
"for",
"FN",
".",
"Most",
"adverse",
"events",
"were",
"consistent",
"with",
"those",
"expected",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
"subjects",
"receiving",
"TC",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"Pegfilgrastim",
"is",
"safe",
"and",
"significantly",
"reduces",
"the",
"incidence",
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"FN",
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"cancer",
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60 | [
"Phase",
"II",
"study",
"of",
"gemcitabine",
"in",
"combination",
"with",
"vinorelbine",
"versus",
"gemcitabine",
"followed",
"by",
"vinorelbine",
"for",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"No",
"clear",
"data",
"are",
"available",
"concerning",
"the",
"superiority",
"of",
"combination",
"chemotherapy",
"to",
"sequential",
"therapy",
"using",
"agents",
"beyond",
"1",
"st",
"or",
"2",
"nd",
"line",
"chemotherapy",
"for",
"treating",
"patients",
"with",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"Patients",
"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"receive",
"a",
"combination",
"of",
"gemcitabine",
"and",
"vinorelbine",
"or",
"gemcitabine",
"until",
"disease",
"progression",
"followed",
"by",
"vinorelbine",
"monotherapy",
".",
"Quality",
"of",
"life",
"was",
"assessed",
"using",
"EORTC",
"QLQ",
"-",
"C",
"30",
"questionnaires",
".",
"Forty",
"-",
"two",
"patients",
"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"the",
"combination",
"arm",
"and",
"40",
"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"the",
"sequential",
"arm",
".",
"Baseline",
"characteristics",
"were",
"well",
"balanced",
"between",
"the",
"arms",
".",
"The",
"median",
"number",
"of",
"chemotherapy",
"cycles",
"was",
"4",
"(",
"range",
",",
"1",
"-",
"23",
")",
"for",
"the",
"combination",
"arm",
"and",
"6",
"(",
"range",
",",
"1",
"-",
"25",
")",
"for",
"the",
"sequential",
"arm",
".",
"Patients",
"receiving",
"combination",
"therapy",
"had",
"a",
"higher",
"composite",
"response",
"rate",
"(",
"26.8",
"%",
"vs.",
"12.5",
"%",
";",
"P",
"=",
"0.106",
")",
"but",
"a",
"shorter",
"median",
"time",
"to",
"treatment",
"failure",
"(",
"3.6",
"vs.",
"4.4",
"months",
",",
"P",
"=",
"0.252",
")",
"as",
"compared",
"to",
"patients",
"receiving",
"sequential",
"monotherapy",
".",
"Median",
"overall",
"survival",
"for",
"the",
"combination",
"and",
"sequential",
"arms",
"was",
"10.6",
"months",
"and",
"8.9",
"months",
",",
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"(",
"P",
"=",
"0.436",
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".",
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"similar",
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"arms",
".",
"Quality",
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"measurements",
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",",
"role",
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".",
"Combined",
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"sequential",
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"patients",
"with",
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"breast",
"cancer",
"as",
"demonstrated",
"by",
"improved",
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"of",
"life",
"outcomes",
"with",
"similar",
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61 | [
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"-",
"based",
"stress",
"reduction",
"(",
"MBSR",
")",
"for",
"survivors",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
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"morbidity",
"persists",
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"survivors",
"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"(",
"BC",
")",
"including",
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",",
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",",
"fatigue",
",",
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"disturbances",
",",
"and",
"impaired",
"quality",
"of",
"life",
".",
"Effective",
"interventions",
"are",
"needed",
"during",
"this",
"difficult",
"transitional",
"period",
".",
"We",
"conducted",
"a",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trial",
"of",
"84",
"female",
"BC",
"survivors",
"(",
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"0",
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"recruited",
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"H",
".",
"Lee",
"Moffitt",
"Cancer",
"and",
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"Institute",
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"subjects",
"were",
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"18",
"months",
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"treatment",
"completion",
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"surgery",
"and",
"adjuvant",
"radiation",
"and/or",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"Subjects",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
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"a",
"6",
"-week",
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"-",
"Based",
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"(",
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"-",
"regulate",
"arousal",
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"(",
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"41",
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"43",
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"(",
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"two",
"-",
"sided",
"p",
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"adjusted",
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",",
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"(",
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"33.0",
")",
",",
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64 | [
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"-",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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"-",
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",",
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"-",
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",",
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".",
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".",
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":",
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69 | [
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"rapid",
"genetic",
"counseling",
"versus",
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"care",
"for",
"newly",
"diagnosed",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
".",
"Breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"who",
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"BRCA",
"1",
"/",
"BRCA",
"2",
"gene",
"mutations",
"may",
"consider",
"bilateral",
"mastectomy",
".",
"Having",
"bilateral",
"mastectomy",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"diagnosis",
"not",
"only",
"reduces",
"risk",
"of",
"a",
"contralateral",
"breast",
"cancer",
",",
"but",
"can",
"eliminate",
"the",
"need",
"for",
"radiation",
"therapy",
"and",
"yield",
"improved",
"reconstruction",
"options",
".",
"However",
",",
"most",
"patients",
"do",
"not",
"receive",
"genetic",
"counseling",
"or",
"testing",
"at",
"the",
"time",
"of",
"their",
"diagnosis",
".",
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"trial",
",",
"we",
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"rapid",
"genetic",
"counseling",
"and",
"testing",
"(",
"RGCT",
")",
"in",
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"-",
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"counseling",
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"cancer",
"patients",
"at",
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"risk",
"for",
"carrying",
"a",
"BRCA",
"1",
"/",
"2",
"mutation",
".",
"Of",
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"eligible",
"patients",
"who",
"completed",
"a",
"baseline",
"survey",
",",
"330",
"agreed",
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"randomization",
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"2",
":1",
"ratio",
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"RGCT",
"(",
"n",
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"(",
"n",
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")",
".",
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"counseling",
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"testing",
"uptake",
"and",
"breast",
"cancer",
"surgical",
"decisions",
".",
"RGCT",
"led",
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"higher",
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"(",
"83.8",
"%",
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"54.6",
"%",
";",
"p",
"<",
"0.0001",
")",
"and",
"pre",
"-",
"surgical",
"(",
"57.8",
"%",
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"38.7",
"%",
";",
"p",
"=",
"0.001",
")",
"genetic",
"counseling",
"uptake",
"compared",
"to",
"UC",
".",
"Despite",
"higher",
"rates",
"of",
"genetic",
"counseling",
",",
"RGCT",
"did",
"not",
"differ",
"from",
"UC",
"in",
"overall",
"(",
"54.1",
"%",
"vs.",
"49.1",
"%",
",",
"p",
">",
"0.10",
")",
"or",
"pre",
"-",
"surgical",
"(",
"30.6",
"%",
"vs.",
"27.4",
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",",
"p",
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"0.10",
")",
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"(",
"26.6",
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"21.8",
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")",
".",
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"yielded",
"increased",
"genetic",
"counseling",
"participation",
",",
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"-",
"surgical",
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"those",
"patients",
"most",
"likely",
"to",
"opt",
"for",
"genetic",
"testing",
"at",
"the",
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"identified",
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70 | [
"Measuring",
"the",
"impact",
"of",
"guideline",
"-",
"based",
"antiemetic",
"therapy",
"on",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
"control",
"in",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
"with",
"multiple",
"risk",
"factors",
".",
"The",
"objective",
"of",
"this",
"exploratory",
"analysis",
"was",
"to",
"determine",
"if",
"individual",
"patient",
"risk",
"factors",
"could",
"be",
"used",
"to",
"optimize",
"chemotherapy",
"-",
"induced",
"nausea",
"and",
"vomiting",
"(",
"CINV",
")",
".",
"Through",
"validated",
"risk",
"prediction",
"models",
"which",
"quantify",
"patient",
"risk",
"factors",
",",
"152",
"patients",
"with",
"early",
"-",
"stage",
"breast",
"cancer",
"scheduled",
"to",
"received",
"adjuvant",
"anthracycline",
"-",
"based",
"chemotherapy",
"were",
"categorized",
"as",
"being",
"at",
"low",
"(",
"level",
"0",
")",
"or",
"high",
"-",
"risk",
"(",
"level",
"1",
")",
"for",
"CINV",
".",
"Prior",
"to",
"the",
"first",
"cycle",
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"chemotherapy",
",",
"low",
"-",
"risk",
"patients",
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"dexamethasone",
",",
"while",
"high",
"-",
"risk",
"level",
"1",
"patients",
"also",
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"aprepitant",
".",
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"cycles",
",",
"patients",
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"CINV",
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"their",
"antiemetics",
"changed",
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"(",
"extended",
"-",
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"(",
"extended",
"-",
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"-",
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"484",
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".",
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"level",
"0",
")",
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",",
"162",
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"-",
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71 | [
"Effect",
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"Anesthetic",
"Cream",
"on",
"Pain",
"During",
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"Injection",
"of",
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"99",
"m",
"Sulfur",
"Colloid",
"for",
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"Lymph",
"Node",
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"in",
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"Cancer",
":",
"A",
"Randomized",
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"Trial",
".",
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"99",
"m",
"to",
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"nodes",
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"sentinel",
"lymph",
"node",
"biopsy",
"is",
"reported",
"by",
"patients",
"as",
"very",
"painful",
".",
"The",
"purpose",
"of",
"this",
"study",
"was",
"to",
"determine",
"if",
"anesthetic",
"cream",
"reduces",
"pain",
"associated",
"with",
"periareolar",
"injection",
"of",
"Tc",
"99",
"m",
"and",
"to",
"help",
"elucidate",
"conflicting",
"literature",
"regarding",
"the",
"efficacy",
"of",
"anesthetic",
"cream",
"for",
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"procedure",
".",
"A",
"randomized",
",",
"double",
"-",
"blind",
",",
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"-",
"controlled",
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"cancer",
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"injection",
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"99",
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"(",
"2.5",
"%",
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"2.5",
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".",
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"26",
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",",
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";",
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"99",
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".",
"This",
"study",
"adds",
"to",
"the",
"current",
"literature",
"to",
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"a",
"stronger",
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"that",
"there",
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72 | [
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"density",
"change",
"with",
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"year",
"of",
"aerobic",
"exercise",
"among",
"postmenopausal",
"women",
":",
"a",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trial",
".",
"The",
"Alberta",
"Physical",
"Activity",
"and",
"Breast",
"Cancer",
"Prevention",
"(",
"ALPHA",
")",
"Trial",
"examined",
"the",
"influence",
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"aerobic",
"exercise",
"on",
"biological",
"factors",
"that",
"are",
"associated",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
"risk",
".",
"Mammographic",
"density",
",",
"a",
"secondary",
"outcome",
",",
"is",
"reported",
"here",
".",
"The",
"ALPHA",
"Trial",
"was",
"a",
"parallel",
"group",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trial",
"conducted",
"between",
"May",
"2003",
"and",
"July",
"2007",
".",
"Postmenopausal",
",",
"sedentary",
"women",
"ages",
"50",
"to",
"74",
"years",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"320",
")",
"were",
"evenly",
"randomized",
"to",
"aerobic",
"exercise",
"(",
"45",
"minutes",
",",
"5",
"days",
"per",
"week",
")",
"or",
"control",
"(",
"usual",
"life",
"-",
"style",
")",
"for",
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"year",
".",
"Dense",
"fibroglandular",
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"tissue",
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"from",
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"at",
"baseline",
"and",
"1",
"year",
"using",
"computer",
"-",
"assisted",
"thresholding",
"software",
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"area",
"measurements",
"and",
"a",
"new",
"technique",
"that",
"relies",
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"the",
"calibration",
"of",
"mammography",
"units",
"with",
"a",
"tissue",
"-",
"equivalent",
"phantom",
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"volumetric",
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".",
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"volume",
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"group",
"relative",
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"the",
"control",
"group",
"(",
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"38.5",
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"95",
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",",
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",",
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73 | [
"Perioperative",
"intravenous",
"lidocaine",
"decreases",
"the",
"incidence",
"of",
"persistent",
"pain",
"after",
"breast",
"surgery",
".",
"Breast",
"cancer",
"surgery",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"a",
"high",
"incidence",
"of",
"persistent",
"postsurgical",
"pain",
"(",
"PPSP",
")",
".",
"The",
"aim",
"of",
"this",
"study",
"was",
"to",
"evaluate",
"the",
"impact",
"of",
"intravenous",
"(",
"IV",
")",
"lidocaine",
"on",
"acute",
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",",
"analgesic",
"requirements",
",",
"and",
"sensation",
"abnormalities",
"in",
"patients",
"undergoing",
"surgery",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"Thirty",
"-",
"six",
"patients",
"participated",
"in",
"this",
"randomized",
",",
"double",
"-",
"blinded",
"study",
".",
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"of",
"general",
"anesthesia",
",",
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"bolus",
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"1.5",
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"/",
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"continuous",
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"lidocaine",
"1.5",
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"/",
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"(",
"lidocaine",
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"infusion",
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"scores",
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",",
"4",
",",
"24",
"hours",
",",
"and",
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".",
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",",
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"secondary",
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".",
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"11.8",
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"0.031",
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".",
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"cancer",
"surgery",
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74 | [
"Impact",
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"on",
"-",
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"on",
"patient",
"recruitment",
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"quality",
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"a",
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"of",
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"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
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"provide",
"empirical",
"evidence",
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"the",
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"of",
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"-",
"site",
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"visits",
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"patient",
"recruitment",
",",
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"and",
"quality",
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"data",
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"the",
"trial",
"coordinating",
"office",
",",
"and",
"patients",
"'",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"time",
".",
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"methodological",
"study",
"was",
"performed",
"as",
"part",
"of",
"a",
"randomized",
"trial",
"comparing",
"two",
"combination",
"chemotherapies",
"for",
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"treatment",
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"participating",
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":",
"6.1",
"+",
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"9.7",
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"+",
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"6.4",
",",
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"-",
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",",
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"-",
"site",
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"on",
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75 | [
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76 | [
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"safety",
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"lipegfilgrastim",
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":",
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"randomized",
",",
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",",
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"-",
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"/",
"docetaxel",
"chemotherapy",
".",
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"-",
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"granulocyte",
"-",
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".",
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",",
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"blind",
",",
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",",
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"-",
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",",
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"-",
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"patients",
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",",
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77 | [
"Genetically",
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"Index",
"and",
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"Risk",
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"Randomization",
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"Descent",
".",
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"epidemiological",
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"have",
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"mass",
"index",
"(",
"BMI",
")",
"is",
"associated",
"with",
"a",
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"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"in",
"premenopausal",
"women",
"but",
"an",
"increased",
"risk",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"women",
".",
"It",
"is",
"unclear",
"whether",
"this",
"association",
"is",
"mediated",
"through",
"shared",
"genetic",
"or",
"environmental",
"factors",
".",
"We",
"applied",
"Mendelian",
"randomization",
"to",
"evaluate",
"the",
"association",
"between",
"BMI",
"and",
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"of",
"breast",
"cancer",
"occurrence",
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"data",
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"large",
"breast",
"cancer",
"consortia",
".",
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78 | [
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"line",
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"(",
"T",
"0",
")",
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"3",
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".",
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",",
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"64.9",
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"8.1",
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")",
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",",
"20",
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".",
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"-",
"thirds",
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"treatment",
".",
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"difference",
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"evolution",
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"pain",
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"0",
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"3",
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"-",
"1.3",
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"+",
"3.4",
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";",
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")",
".",
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"C",
"(",
"45",
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")",
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"1",
"(",
"5",
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")",
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"3",
"(",
"p=",
"0.0076",
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",",
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"(",
"35",
"%",
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"0",
"%",
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";",
"p=",
"0.0083",
")",
".",
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"evolution",
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"and",
"daytime",
"stiffness",
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"(",
"p=",
"0.053",
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"0.33",
",",
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")",
",",
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"C",
"(",
"37.7",
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"23.0",
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"17.9",
"±",
"20.1",
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";",
"p=",
"0.0173",
")",
".",
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"graveolens",
"5",
"CH",
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"stiffness",
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".",
"A",
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"-",
"scale",
"randomized",
"study",
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"required",
"to",
"confirm",
"these",
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80 | [
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".",
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",",
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"30",
"-",
"70",
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",",
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81 | [
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",",
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"median",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"of",
"86",
"months",
",",
"25",
"relapses",
"and",
"13",
"deaths",
"were",
"recorded",
".",
"The",
"relapse",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"rate",
"at",
"7",
"years",
"in",
"the",
"tamoxifen",
"arm",
"was",
"93",
"%",
",",
"versus",
"81",
"%",
"in",
"the",
"MPA",
"arm",
"(",
"P",
"=",
"0.02",
")",
".",
"The",
"difference",
"was",
"observed",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"stage",
"T",
"2",
"disease",
"(",
"100",
"%",
"in",
"the",
"tamoxifen",
"group",
"vs.",
"64",
"%",
"in",
"the",
"MPA",
"group",
";",
"P",
"=",
"0.01",
")",
",",
"in",
"younger",
"and/or",
"premenopausal",
"patients",
"(",
"in",
"patients",
"<",
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",",
"100",
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"arm",
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"=",
"0.16",
"]",
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".",
"Also",
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"overall",
"survival",
"rate",
"at",
"7",
"years",
"was",
"lower",
"in",
"women",
"<",
"50",
"years",
"of",
"age",
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"P",
"=",
"0.04",
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82 | [
"Randomized",
"Controlled",
"Trial",
"of",
"Zoledronic",
"Acid",
"plus",
"Chemotherapy",
"versus",
"Chemotherapy",
"Alone",
"as",
"Neoadjuvant",
"Treatment",
"of",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"Negative",
"Primary",
"Breast",
"Cancer",
"(",
"JONIE",
"Study",
")",
".",
"Zoledronic",
"acid",
"(",
"ZOL",
")",
"is",
"a",
"nitrogen",
"-",
"containing",
"bisphosphonate",
"that",
"induces",
"osteoclast",
"apoptosis",
"and",
"inhibits",
"bone",
"resorption",
"by",
"inhibiting",
"the",
"mevalonate",
"pathway",
".",
"Its",
"benefit",
"for",
"the",
"prevention",
"of",
"skeletal",
"complications",
"due",
"to",
"bone",
"metastases",
"has",
"been",
"established",
".",
"However",
",",
"the",
"antitumor",
"efficacy",
"of",
"ZOL",
",",
"although",
"suggested",
"by",
"multiple",
"preclinical",
"and",
"clinical",
"studies",
",",
"has",
"not",
"yet",
"been",
"clinically",
"proven",
".",
"We",
"performed",
"the",
"present",
"randomized",
"Phase",
"2",
"trial",
"to",
"investigate",
"the",
"antitumor",
"effect",
"of",
"ZOL",
"with",
"chemotherapy",
"(",
"CT",
")",
".",
"Asian",
"patients",
"with",
"HER",
"2",
"-",
"negative",
"invasive",
"breast",
"cancer",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"either",
"the",
"CT",
"or",
"CT+ZOL",
"(",
"CTZ",
")",
"group",
".",
"One",
"hundred",
"and",
"eighty",
"-",
"eight",
"patients",
"were",
"randomized",
"to",
"either",
"the",
"CT",
"group",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"95",
")",
"or",
"the",
"CTZ",
"group",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"93",
")",
"from",
"March",
"2010",
"to",
"April",
"2012",
",",
"and",
"180",
"patients",
"were",
"assessed",
".",
"All",
"patients",
"received",
"four",
"cycles",
"of",
"FEC",
"100",
"(",
"fluorouracil",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
",",
"epirubicin",
"100",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
",",
"and",
"cyclophosphamide",
"500",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
")",
",",
"followed",
"by",
"12",
"cycles",
"of",
"paclitaxel",
"at",
"80",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
"weekly",
".",
"ZOL",
"(",
"4",
"mg",
")",
"was",
"administered",
"three",
"to",
"four",
"times",
"weekly",
"for",
"7",
"weeks",
"to",
"the",
"patients",
"in",
"the",
"CTZ",
"group",
".",
"The",
"primary",
"endpoint",
"was",
"the",
"pathological",
"complete",
"response",
"(",
"pCR",
")",
"rate",
",",
"which",
"was",
"defined",
"as",
"no",
"invasive",
"cancer",
"in",
"the",
"breast",
"tissue",
"specimen",
".",
"Safety",
"was",
"assessed",
"in",
"all",
"patients",
"who",
"received",
"at",
"least",
"one",
"dose",
"of",
"the",
"study",
"drug",
".",
"This",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"trial",
"indicated",
"that",
"the",
"rates",
"of",
"pCR",
"in",
"CTZ",
"group",
"(",
"14.8",
"%",
")",
"was",
"doubled",
"to",
"CT",
"group",
"(",
"7.7",
"%",
")",
",",
"respectively",
"(",
"one",
"-",
"sided",
"chi",
"-",
"square",
"test",
",",
"p",
"=",
"0.068",
")",
",",
"though",
"the",
"additional",
"efficacy",
"of",
"zoledronic",
"acid",
"was",
"not",
"demonstrated",
"statistically",
".",
"The",
"pCR",
"rate",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"patients",
"was",
"18.4",
"%",
"and",
"5.1",
"%",
"in",
"the",
"CTZ",
"and",
"CT",
"groups",
",",
"respectively",
"(",
"one",
"-",
"sided",
"Fisher",
"'s",
"exact",
"test",
",",
"p",
"=",
"0.071",
")",
",",
"and",
"that",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"triple",
"-",
"negative",
"breast",
"cancer",
"was",
"35.3",
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"and",
"11.8",
"%",
"in",
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"CT",
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"-",
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"Fisher",
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"exact",
"test",
",",
"p",
"=",
"0.112",
")",
".",
"Thus",
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"addition",
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"ZOL",
"to",
"neoadjuvant",
"CT",
"has",
"potential",
"anticancer",
"benefits",
"in",
"postmenopausal",
"patients",
"and",
"patients",
"with",
"triple",
"-",
"negative",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"Further",
"investigation",
"is",
"warranted",
".",
"University",
"Hospital",
"Medical",
"Information",
"Network",
".",
"UMIN",
"000003261",
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83 | [
"Weekly",
"docetaxel",
"versus",
"CMF",
"as",
"adjuvant",
"chemotherapy",
"for",
"elderly",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
":",
"safety",
"data",
"from",
"the",
"multicentre",
"phase",
"3",
"randomised",
"ELDA",
"trial",
".",
"Within",
"an",
"ongoing",
"multicentre",
"phase",
"3",
"randomised",
"trial",
"(",
"ELDA",
",",
"cancertrials",
".",
"gov",
"ID",
":",
"NCT",
"00331097",
")",
",",
"early",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
",",
"65",
"-",
"79",
"years",
"old",
",",
"with",
"average",
"to",
"high",
"risk",
"of",
"recurrence",
",",
"are",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"receive",
"CMF",
"(",
"cyclophosphamide",
"600",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
",",
"methotrexate",
"40",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
",",
"fluorouracil",
"600",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
",",
"days",
"1",
"-",
"8",
")",
"or",
"docetaxel",
"(",
"35",
"mg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
"days",
"1",
"-",
"8",
"-",
"15",
")",
",",
"every",
"4",
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".",
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"we",
"report",
"an",
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"analysis",
"prompted",
"by",
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"amendment",
"introducing",
"creatinine",
"clearance",
"as",
"a",
"tool",
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".",
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"101",
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"CMF",
"(",
"53",
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")",
"or",
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"(",
"48",
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")",
".",
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"-",
"4",
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"39.6",
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",",
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"p=",
"0.0002",
")",
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"-",
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"37",
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"69.8",
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")",
"vs.",
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"(",
"8.3",
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"-",
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"non",
"-",
"hematological",
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")",
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"15",
"(",
"31.2",
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"(",
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"0.11",
")",
",",
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",",
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",",
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",",
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"-",
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")",
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85 | [
"Effect",
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"levels",
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"progressive",
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86 | [
"Use",
"of",
"axillary",
"deodorant",
"and",
"effect",
"on",
"acute",
"skin",
"toxicity",
"during",
"radiotherapy",
"for",
"breast",
"cancer",
":",
"a",
"prospective",
"randomized",
"noninferiority",
"trial",
".",
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"prospectively",
"determine",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"deodorant",
"use",
"on",
"acute",
"skin",
"toxicity",
"and",
"quality",
"of",
"life",
"during",
"breast",
"radiotherapy",
"(",
"RT",
")",
".",
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"breast",
"RT",
",",
"84",
"patients",
"were",
"randomly",
"assigned",
"to",
"the",
"deodorant",
"group",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"40",
")",
"or",
"the",
"no",
"-",
"deodorant",
"group",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"44",
")",
".",
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"patients",
"were",
"stratified",
"by",
"axillary",
"RT",
"and",
"previous",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"Toxicity",
"evaluations",
"were",
"always",
"performed",
"by",
"the",
"principal",
"investigator",
",",
"who",
"was",
"unaware",
"of",
"the",
"group",
"assignment",
",",
"at",
"the",
"end",
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"and",
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"weeks",
"after",
"completion",
"using",
"the",
"Radiation",
"Therapy",
"Oncology",
"Group",
"acute",
"skin",
"toxicity",
"criteria",
".",
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"of",
"acute",
"skin",
"toxicity",
"(",
"i.",
"e.",
",",
"discomfort",
",",
"pain",
",",
"pruritus",
",",
"sweating",
")",
"and",
"quality",
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"life",
"were",
"self",
"-",
"evaluated",
".",
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"criterion",
",",
"the",
"point",
"estimate",
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"95",
"%",
"one",
"-",
"sided",
"upper",
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"limit",
"was",
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".",
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"owing",
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"deodorant",
"use",
",",
"the",
"95",
"%",
"one",
"-",
"sided",
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"limit",
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"lower",
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"the",
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"margin",
",",
"fixed",
"to",
"12.8",
"%",
".",
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"deodorant",
"vs.",
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"-",
"deodorant",
"groups",
",",
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"2",
"axillary",
"radiodermatitis",
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"23",
"%",
"vs.",
"30",
"%",
",",
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",",
"satisfying",
"the",
"statistical",
"criteria",
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"noninferiority",
"(",
"p",
"=",
".",
"019",
")",
".",
"Grade",
"2",
"breast",
"radiodermatitis",
"occurred",
"in",
"30",
"%",
"vs.",
"34",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"deodorant",
"vs.",
"no",
"-",
"deodorant",
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",",
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",",
"also",
"satisfying",
"the",
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"criteria",
"for",
"noninferiority",
"(",
"p",
"=",
".",
"049",
")",
".",
"Similar",
"results",
"were",
"observed",
"for",
"the",
"self",
"-",
"reported",
"evaluations",
".",
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"deodorant",
"group",
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"less",
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"(",
"18",
"%",
"vs.",
"39",
"%",
",",
"p",
"=",
".",
"032",
")",
".",
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"3",
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"4",
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".",
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"noninferiority",
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",",
"the",
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"groups",
".",
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"found",
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"prohibit",
"deodorant",
"use",
"(",
"notwithstanding",
"the",
"use",
"of",
"an",
"antiperspirant",
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87 | [
"Topical",
"silymarin",
"administration",
"for",
"prevention",
"of",
"acute",
"radiodermatitis",
"in",
"breast",
"cancer",
"patients",
":",
"A",
"randomized",
",",
"double",
"-",
"blind",
",",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
"clinical",
"trial",
".",
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"-",
"induced",
"dermatitis",
"is",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"common",
"side",
"effects",
"of",
"radiotherapy",
".",
"Silymarin",
",",
"a",
"flavonoid",
"extracted",
"from",
"the",
"Silybum",
"marianum",
",",
"exhibits",
"antioxidant",
"and",
"anti",
"-",
"inflammatory",
"activities",
".",
"The",
"purpose",
"of",
"this",
"study",
"was",
"to",
"investigate",
"the",
"efficacy",
"of",
"silymarin",
"gel",
"in",
"prevention",
"of",
"radiodermatitis",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"During",
"this",
"randomized",
",",
"double",
"-",
"blinded",
",",
"placebo",
"-",
"controlled",
"clinical",
"trial",
",",
"the",
"preventive",
"effect",
"of",
"silymarin",
"1",
"%",
"gel",
"was",
"assessed",
"in",
"comparison",
"with",
"placebo",
",",
"on",
"radiodermatitis",
"occurrence",
".",
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"patients",
"randomly",
"received",
"silymarin",
"gel",
"or",
"placebo",
"formulation",
"on",
"chest",
"wall",
"skin",
"following",
"modified",
"radical",
"mastectomy",
",",
"once",
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"starting",
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"the",
"first",
"day",
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"5",
"weeks",
".",
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"severity",
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"assessed",
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"Therapy",
"Oncology",
"Group",
"(",
"RTOG",
")",
"and",
"National",
"Cancer",
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"NCI",
"-",
"CTCAE",
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"weeks",
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"and",
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",",
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"delay",
"in",
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"group",
".",
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"gel",
"could",
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"reduce",
"the",
"severity",
"of",
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"and",
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88 | [
"Longitudinal",
"social",
"cognitive",
"influences",
"on",
"physical",
"activity",
"and",
"sedentary",
"time",
"in",
"Hispanic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"survivors",
".",
"This",
"study",
"evaluated",
"the",
"effect",
"of",
"two",
"home",
"-",
"based",
"exercise",
"interventions",
"(",
"one",
"culturally",
"adapted",
"and",
"one",
"standard",
")",
"on",
"changes",
"in",
"social",
"cognitive",
"theory",
"(",
"SCT",
")",
"variables",
",",
"physical",
"activity",
"(",
"PA",
")",
",",
"and",
"sedentary",
"time",
"(",
"ST",
")",
",",
"and",
"determined",
"the",
"association",
"between",
"changes",
"in",
"SCT",
"variables",
"and",
"changes",
"in",
"PA",
"and",
"ST",
"in",
"Hispanic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"survivors",
".",
"Project",
"VIVA",
"!",
"was",
"a",
"16",
"-week",
"randomized",
"controlled",
"pilot",
"study",
"to",
"test",
"the",
"effectiveness",
"and",
"feasibility",
"of",
"a",
"culturally",
"adapted",
"exercise",
"intervention",
"for",
"Mexican",
"American",
"and",
"Puerto",
"Rican",
"breast",
"cancer",
"survivors",
"in",
"Houston",
",",
"Texas",
"and",
"San",
"Juan",
",",
"Puerto",
"Rico",
",",
"respectively",
".",
"Women",
"(",
"N",
"=",
"89",
")",
"completed",
"questionnaires",
"on",
"SCT",
"variables",
",",
"PA",
",",
"and",
"ST",
"and",
"were",
"then",
"randomized",
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"a",
"16",
"-week",
"culturally",
"adapted",
"exercise",
"program",
",",
"a",
"non",
"-",
"culturally",
"adapted",
"standard",
"exercise",
"intervention",
"or",
"a",
"wait",
"-",
"list",
"control",
"group",
".",
"Multiple",
"regression",
"models",
"were",
"used",
"to",
"determine",
"associations",
"between",
"changes",
"in",
"SCT",
"variables",
"and",
"changes",
"in",
"PA",
"and",
"ST",
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"s",
"(",
"58.5",
"±",
"9.2",
"years",
")",
"and",
"obese",
"(",
"31.0",
"±",
"6.5",
"kg",
"/",
"m",
"2",
")",
".",
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"reported",
"doing",
"roughly",
"34.5",
"min",
"/",
"day",
"of",
"PA",
"and",
"spending",
"over",
"11",
"h",
"/",
"day",
"in",
"sedentary",
"activities",
".",
"Across",
"groups",
",",
"women",
"reported",
"significant",
"increases",
"in",
"exercise",
"self",
"-",
"efficacy",
"and",
"moderate",
"-",
"intensity",
",",
"vigorous",
"-",
"intensity",
",",
"and",
"total",
"PA",
"from",
"baseline",
"to",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"(",
"p",
"<",
"0.05",
")",
".",
"Increased",
"social",
"support",
"from",
"family",
"was",
"associated",
"with",
"increases",
"in",
"vigorous",
"-",
"intensity",
"PA",
".",
"Increases",
"in",
"social",
"modeling",
"were",
"associated",
"with",
"increases",
"in",
"moderate",
"-",
"intensity",
"and",
"total",
"PA",
"and",
"with",
"decreases",
"in",
"ST",
"from",
"baseline",
"to",
"follow",
"-",
"up",
"(",
"p",
"<",
"0.05",
")",
".",
"Hispanic",
"cancer",
"survivors",
"benefit",
"from",
"PA",
"interventions",
"that",
"focus",
"on",
"increasing",
"social",
"support",
"from",
"family",
"and",
"friends",
"and",
"social",
"modeling",
".",
"Copyright",
"©",
"2015",
"John",
"Wiley",
"&",
"Sons",
",",
"Ltd."
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89 | [
"Maintaining",
"normal",
"hemoglobin",
"levels",
"with",
"epoetin",
"alfa",
"in",
"mainly",
"nonanemic",
"patients",
"with",
"metastatic",
"breast",
"cancer",
"receiving",
"first",
"-",
"line",
"chemotherapy",
":",
"a",
"survival",
"study",
".",
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"quality",
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"of",
"maintaining",
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"breast",
"cancer",
"(",
"MBC",
")",
"receiving",
"first",
"-",
"line",
"chemotherapy",
".",
"Eligible",
"patients",
"were",
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"assigned",
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"receive",
"epoetin",
"alfa",
"40",
",",
"000",
"U",
"once",
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".",
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"13",
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".",
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"12",
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"(",
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")",
".",
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"Independent",
"Data",
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"epoetin",
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",",
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",",
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"/",
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"(",
"median",
"Hb",
",",
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")",
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".",
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",",
"12",
"-month",
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"epoetin",
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"76",
"%",
"for",
"placebo",
"recipients",
"(",
"P",
"=",
".",
"01",
")",
".",
"Optimal",
"tumor",
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"time",
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".",
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"reason",
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90 | [
"[",
"Comparison",
"between",
"intratumoral",
"and",
"peritumoral",
"injection",
"of",
"radiotracer",
"for",
"locating",
"and",
"biopsying",
"the",
"sentinel",
"lymph",
"node",
"in",
"nonpalpable",
"breast",
"cancer",
"]",
".",
"To",
"determine",
"whether",
"there",
"are",
"differences",
"in",
"the",
"technical",
"efficacy",
"in",
"detecting",
"and",
"biopsying",
"the",
"sentinel",
"node",
"after",
"intratumoral",
"or",
"peritumoral",
"administration",
"of",
"the",
"radiotracer",
"in",
"patients",
"with",
"nonpalpable",
"early",
"-",
"stage",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"This",
"prospective",
",",
"randomized",
"study",
"included",
"80",
"patients",
"with",
"nonpalpable",
"breast",
"cancer",
"without",
"axillary",
"adenopathies",
"who",
"were",
"scheduled",
"for",
"primary",
"surgical",
"treatment",
".",
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"were",
"randomized",
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"one",
"of",
"two",
"groups",
":",
"the",
"INTRA",
"group",
"(",
"intratumoral",
"radiotracer",
"administration",
",",
"n=",
"35",
")",
"or",
"the",
"PERI",
"group",
"(",
"peritumoral",
"radiotracer",
"administration",
",",
"n=",
"45",
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".",
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"with",
"suspicious",
"axillary",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"at",
"clinical",
"or",
"ultrasonographic",
"examination",
"that",
"had",
"positive",
"results",
"after",
"fine",
"-",
"needle",
"aspiration",
"cytology",
"were",
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"node",
"detection",
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"97.1",
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"(",
"34",
"/",
"35",
")",
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"one",
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")",
".",
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"axillary",
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"16",
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")",
".",
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"or",
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"-",
"axillary",
"sentinel",
"lymph",
"nodes",
"between",
"the",
"two",
"groups",
";",
"however",
",",
"we",
"observed",
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"technical",
"efficacy",
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91 | [
"Differences",
"between",
"palpable",
"and",
"nonpalpable",
"tumors",
"in",
"early",
"-",
"stage",
",",
"hormone",
"receptor",
"-",
"positive",
"breast",
"cancer",
".",
"We",
"compared",
"characteristics",
"and",
"outcomes",
"of",
"palpable",
"versus",
"nonpalpable",
",",
"hormone",
"-",
"sensitive",
",",
"early",
"-",
"stage",
"breast",
"cancers",
".",
"Patients",
"from",
"the",
"North",
"American",
"Fareston",
"vs.",
"Tamoxifen",
"Adjuvant",
"(",
"NAFTA",
")",
"trial",
"were",
"divided",
"into",
"palpable",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"513",
")",
"and",
"nonpalpable",
"(",
"n",
"=",
"1063",
")",
"tumor",
"groups",
".",
"Differences",
"in",
"pathological",
"features",
",",
"loco",
"-",
"regional",
"therapy",
",",
"disease",
"-",
"free",
"survival",
"(",
"DFS",
")",
"and",
"overall",
"survival",
"(",
"OS",
")",
"were",
"analyzed",
".",
"Patients",
"with",
"palpable",
"tumors",
"were",
"older",
",",
"had",
"larger",
"tumors",
",",
"and",
"higher",
"rates",
"of",
"lymph",
"-",
"node",
"involvement",
".",
"The",
"tumors",
"were",
"more",
"likely",
"to",
"be",
"poorly",
"differentiated",
",",
"of",
"high",
"nuclear",
"grade",
",",
"and",
"display",
"lymphovascular",
"invasion",
".",
"After",
"mean",
"followup",
"of",
"59",
"months",
",",
"DFS",
"and",
"OS",
"were",
"significantly",
"lower",
"for",
"palpable",
"than",
"nonpalpable",
"tumors",
"(",
"DFS",
"93.5",
"%",
"vs.",
"98.4",
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",",
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":",
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98 | [
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