Datasets:

Stardrums

/

pico-breast-cancer

like 2

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".", "However", ",", "randomized", "clinical", "trials", "of", "axillary", "dissection", "versus", "axillary", "irradiation", "failed", "to", "show", "survival", "differences", "between", "the", "two", "types", "of", "axillary", "treatment", ".", "The", "National", "Institute", "of", "Oncology", ",", "Budapest", "conducted", "a", "single", "centre", "randomized", "clinical", "study", ".", "The", "OTOASOR", "(", "Optimal", "Treatment", "of", "the", "Axilla", "-", "Surgery", "or", "Radiotherapy", ")", "trial", "compares", "completion", "axillary", "lymph", "node", "dissection", "to", "axillary", "nodal", "irradiation", "in", "patients", "with", "sentinel", "lymph", "node", "-", "positive", "primary", "invasive", "breast", "cancer", ".", "Patients", "with", "primary", "invasive", "breast", "cancer", "(", "clinically", "lymph", "node", "negative", "and", "less", "than", "or", "equal", "to", "3", "cm", "in", "size", ")", "were", "randomized", "before", "surgery", "for", "completion", "axillary", "lymph", "node", "dissection", "(", "arm", "A", "-", "standard", "treatment", ")", "or", "axillary", "nodal", "irradiation", "(", "arm", "B", "-", "investigational", "treatment", ")", ".", "Sentinel", "lymph", "node", "biopsy", "was", "performed", "by", "the", "radio", "-", "guided", "method", ".", "The", "use", "of", "blue", "-", "dye", "was", "optional", ".", "Sentinel", "lymph", "nodes", "were", "investigated", "with", "serial", "sectioning", "at", "0.5", "mm", "levels", "by", "haematoxylin", "and", "eosin", "staining", ".", "In", "the", "investigational", "treatment", "arm", "patients", "received", "50", "Gy", "axillary", "nodal", "irradiation", "instead", "of", "completion", "axillary", "lymph", "node", "dissection", ".", "Adjuvant", "treatment", "was", "recommended", "and", "patients", "were", "followed", "up", "according", "to", "the", "actual", "institutional", "guidelines", ".", "Between", "August", "2002", "and", "June", "2009", ",", "2106", "patients", "were", "randomized", "for", "completion", "axillary", "lymph", "node", "dissection", "(", "1054", "patients", ")", "or", "axillary", "nodal", "irradiation", "(", "1052", "patients", ")", ".", "The", "two", "arms", "were", "well", "balanced", "according", "to", "the", "majority", "of", "main", "prognostic", "factors", ".", "Sentinel", "lymph", "node", "was", "identified", "in", "2073", "patients", "(", "98.4", "%", ")", "and", "was", "positive", "in", "526", "patients", "(", "25.4", "%", ")", ".", "Fifty", "-", "two", "sentinel", "lymph", "node", "-", "positive", "patients", "were", "excluded", "from", "the", "study", "(", "protocol", "violation", ",", "patient", "'s", "preference", ")", ".", "Out", "of", "the", "remaining", "474", "patients", ",", "244", "underwent", "completion", "axillary", "lymph", "node", "dissection", "and", "230", "received", "axillary", "nodal", "irradiation", "according", "to", "randomization", ".", "The", "mean", "length", "of", "follow", "-", "up", "to", "the", "first", "event", "and", "the", "mean", "total", "length", "of", "follow", "-", "up", "were", "41.9", "and", "43.3", "months", ",", "respectively", ",", "and", "there", "were", "no", "significant", "differences", "between", "the", "two", "arms", ".", "There", "was", "no", "significant", "difference", "in", "axillary", "recurrence", "between", "the", "two", "arms", "(", "0.82", "%", "in", "arm", "A", "and", "1.3", "%", "in", "arm", "B", ")", ".", "There", "was", "also", "no", "significant", "difference", "in", "terms", "of", "overall", "survival", "between", "the", "arms", "at", "the", "early", "stage", "follow", "-", "up", ".", "The", "authors", "conclude", "that", "after", "a", "mean", "follow", "-", "up", "of", "more", "than", "40", "months", "axillary", "nodal", "irradiation", "may", "control", "the", "disease", "in", "the", "axilla", "as", "effectively", "as", "completion", "axillary", "lymph", "node", "dissection", "and", "there", "was", "also", "no", "difference", "in", "terms", "of", "overall", "survival", "." ]

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