Thanmay/wiki_qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

question_id stringlengths 2 5	question stringlengths 11 120	title stringlengths 2 67	answer stringlengths 2 1.08k	label class label 2 classes
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	During his two-year major junior career with the Rimouski Océanic , he earned back-to-back CHL Player of the Year awards and led his club to the 2005 Memorial Cup final.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Nicknamed " The Next One ", he was one of the most highly regarded draft picks in hockey history, leading many to refer to the 2005 Draft Lottery as the "Sidney Crosby Sweepstakes".	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	In his first NHL season , Crosby finished sixth in league scoring with 102 points (39 goals, 63 assists) and was a runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy (won by Alexander Ovechkin ).	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	By his second season , he led the NHL with 120 points (36 goals, 84 assists) to capture the Art Ross Trophy , becoming the youngest player and the only teenager to win a scoring title in any major North American sports league .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	That same season, Crosby also won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the Professional Hockey Writers Association 's choice for most valuable player and the Lester B. Pearson Award as the NHL Players Association 's choice for most outstanding player, becoming the seventh player in NHL history to earn all three awards in one year.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Crosby started the 2007–08 season with the team's captaincy and subsequently led them to the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals , where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings in six games.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	The Penguins returned to the Finals against Detroit the following year and won in seven games; Crosby became the youngest captain in NHL history to win the Stanley Cup .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	In the 2009–10 season , Crosby scored a career-high 51 goals, tying him with Steven Stamkos for the Rocket Richard Trophy as the league-leader; with 58 assists, he totaled 109 points, second in the NHL.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	During the off-season, Crosby received the Mark Messier Leadership Award .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	In 2010–11 , Crosby sustained a concussion as a result of hits to the head in back-to-back games.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	The injury left him sidelined for ten and a half months.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	However, after playing eight games in the 2011–12 season , Crosby's concussion-like symptoms returned in December 2011, and he did not return until mid-March 2012.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Internationally, Crosby has represented Canada in numerous tournaments for the country's junior and men's teams .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	After competing in the 2003 U-18 Junior World Cup , he represented Canada in back-to-back IIHF World U20 Championships , winning silver in 2004 and gold in 2005 .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	At the 2006 IIHF World Championship , he led the tournament in scoring, while also earning Top Forward and All-Star Team honours.	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Four years later, Crosby was named to Team Canada for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver .	00
Q416	how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby	Sidney Crosby	Playing the United States in the gold medal game, he scored the game-winning goal in overtime .	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	A United States cent , also known as a penny .	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	"My two cents" (2¢) and its longer version "put my two cents in" is an United States (US) idiomatic expression, taken from the original English idiom expression: to put in "my two pennies worth" or "my tuppence worth."	11
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	It is used to preface the tentative stating of one’s opinion.	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	By deprecating the opinion to follow – suggesting its value is only two cents , a very small amount – the user of the phrase hopes to lessen the impact of a possibly statement, showing politeness and humility.	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	However, it is also sometimes used with irony when expressing a strongly felt opinion.	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	The phrase is also used out of habit to preface uncontentious opinions.	00
Q417	what does add my two cents mean	My two cents	For example:	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	The One Hundred Twelfth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011 until January 3, 2013.	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	It convened in Washington, D.C. on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008.	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress.	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census .	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	In the 2010 midterm elections , the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives.	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	While the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress.	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress (2001–2003), and the first Congress to begin that way since the 99th Congress (1985–1987).	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	In this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members, 242, since the 80th Congress (1947–1949).	00
Q419	how many representative in congress 2011	112th United States Congress	It was also the first Congress since 1947 in which no member of the Kennedy family served, as well as the most politically polarized Congress since Reconstruction , with record low approval ratings.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	This article deals with Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) rather than the rhizotomy procedures for pain relief ; for those procedures, which have begun to take the name "rhizotomy" in certain instances, see facet rhizotomy and similar.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	A rhizotomy ( ) is a term chiefly referring to a neurosurgical procedure that selectively destroys problematic nerve roots in the spinal cord , most often to relieve the symptoms of neuromuscular conditions such as spastic diplegia and other forms of spastic cerebral palsy .	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	The selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for spastic cerebral palsy has been the main use of rhizotomy for neurosurgeons specialising in spastic CP since the 1980s; in this surgery, the spasticity-causing nerves are isolated and then targeted and destroyed.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	The sensory nerve roots, where spasticity is located, are first separated from the motor ones, and the nerve fibres to be cut are then identified via electromyographic stimulation.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	The ones producing spasticity are then selectively lesioned with tiny electrical pulses.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	In spasticity, rhizotomy precisely targets and destroys the damaged nerves that don’t receive gamma amino butyric acid , which is the core problem for people with spastic cerebral palsy .	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	These over-firing, non-GABA-absorbing nerves generate unusual electrical activity during the EMG testing phase in SDR and are thus considered to be the source of the patient's hypertonia ; they are eliminated with the electrical pulses once identified, while the remaining nerves and nerve routes carrying the correct messages remain fully intact and untouched.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	This means that the spasticity is permanently dissolved, and that this is done without affecting nervous system sensitivity or function in other areas, because the only nerves destroyed are the over-firing ones responsible for the muscle tightness.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	The terms rhizotomy and neurotomy are also increasingly becoming interchangeable in the treatment of chronic back pain from degenerative disc disease .	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	This is a procedure called a facet rhizotomy and is not a surgical procedure but is instead done on an outpatient basis using a simple probe to apply radiofrequency waves to the impinged pain-causing nerve root lying between the facet joint and the vertebral body.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	Such radio frequency nerve lesioning results in five to eight or more months of pain relief before the nerve regenerates and another round of the procedure needs to be performed.	00
Q424	How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?	Rhizotomy	A facet rhizotomy is just one of many different forms of radiofrequency ablation , and its use of the "rhizotomy" name should not be confused with the SDR procedure.	00
Q425	what does a migrant worker do	Migrant worker	Migrant workers in California , 1935	00
Q425	what does a migrant worker do	Migrant worker	The term migrant worker has different official meanings and connotations in different parts of the world.	00
Q425	what does a migrant worker do	Migrant worker	The United Nations ' definition is broad, including any people working outside of their home country.	00
Q425	what does a migrant worker do	Migrant worker	The term can also be used to describe someone who migrates within a country, possibly their own, in order to pursue work such as seasonal work .	00
Q426	what does the tear tattoo mean	Teardrop tattoo	Photograph of Lil Wayne with teardrop tattoos below his eyes.	00
Q426	what does the tear tattoo mean	Teardrop tattoo	The teardrop tattoo or tear tattoo is a symbolic tattoo that is placed underneath the eye.	00
Q426	what does the tear tattoo mean	Teardrop tattoo	It has no fixed meaning but almost all meanings (see below) have some connection to prison.	00
Q428	how much of US 75 is 4 lane	U.S. Route 75	U.S. Route 75 is a north–south U.S. Highway .	00
Q428	how much of US 75 is 4 lane	U.S. Route 75	The highway's northern terminus is in Kittson County, Minnesota , at the Canadian border, where it once continued as Manitoba Highway 75 on the other side of the now-closed border crossing.	00
Q428	how much of US 75 is 4 lane	U.S. Route 75	Its southern terminus is at Interstate 30 and Interstate 45 in Dallas, Texas , where it is known as North Central Expressway .	00
Q428	how much of US 75 is 4 lane	U.S. Route 75	U.S. 75 was a border-to-border route, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston , Texas .	00
Q428	how much of US 75 is 4 lane	U.S. Route 75	However, the entire segment south of Dallas , Texas has been decommissioned in favor of Interstate 45 , a cutoff section of town-to-town surface road having become State Highway 75 .	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	Lower Ninth Ward is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans .	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	As the name implies, it is part of the Ninth Ward of New Orleans .	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	The Lower Ninth Ward is often thought of as the entire area within New Orleans downriver of the Industrial Canal ; however, the City Planning Commission divides this area into the Lower Ninth Ward (2) and Holy Cross (3) neighborhoods.	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	The term "Lower" refers to its location farther towards the mouth of the Mississippi River , "down" or "below" the rest of the city in local geographic terminology.	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	But the 9th Ward, like all Wards in New Orleans, is a voting district.	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	The 9th Ward was added as a voting district in 1852.	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	The "lower" 9th Ward is composed of Ward 9 Districts 1, 2, 4, and 7 which make up the Holy Cross Area and Ward 9 Districts 3, 5, 6, and 8.	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	Higher voting district numbers in the 9th Ward (8-27) are on the upriver side of the Industrial Canal.	00
Q431	how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names	Lower Ninth Ward	The area came to national attention for its devastation in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	Hubble views of Copernicus crater (inset), which is about 58 miles (93 km) wide	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	Red and orange tinted Moon, as seen from Earth during a lunar eclipse, where the Earth comes between the Moon and Sun	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth , and the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary , having 27% the diameter and 60% the density of Earth, resulting in its mass .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon is the second densest satellite after Io , a satellite of Jupiter.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always showing the same face with its near side marked by dark volcanic maria that fill between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent impact craters .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	It is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun , although its surface is actually very dark, with a reflectance similar to that of coal.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	Its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of phases have, since ancient times, made the Moon an important cultural influence on language , calendars , art and mythology .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon's gravitational influence produces the ocean tides and the minute lengthening of the day.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon's current orbital distance, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth, causes it to appear almost the same size in the sky as the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun nearly precisely in total solar eclipses .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	This matching of apparent visual size is a coincidence.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon's linear distance from the Earth is currently increasing at a rate of 3.82±0.07cm per year, but this rate is not constant.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon is thought to have formed nearly 4.5 billion years ago, not long after the Earth.	11
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	Although there have been several hypotheses for its origin in the past, the current most widely accepted explanation is that the Moon formed from the debris left over after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars -sized body.	11
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon is the only celestial body other than Earth on which humans have set foot .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Soviet Union 's Luna programme was the first to reach the Moon with unmanned spacecraft in 1959; the United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned missions to date, beginning with the first manned lunar orbiting mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned lunar landings between 1969 and 1972, with the first being Apollo 11 .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	These missions returned over 380 kg of lunar rocks , which have been used to develop a geological understanding of the Moon's origins, the formation of its internal structure , and its subsequent history .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	After the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, the Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft, notably by the final Soviet Lunokhod rover .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	Since 2004, Japan, China, India, the United States, and the European Space Agency have each sent lunar orbiters.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	These spacecraft have contributed to confirming the discovery of lunar water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the poles and bound into the lunar regolith .	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	Future manned missions to the Moon have been planned, including government as well as privately funded efforts.	00
Q433	how was the moon formed	Moon	The Moon remains, under the Outer Space Treaty , free to all nations to explore for peaceful purposes.	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989).	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975), and a radio, film and television actor.	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	Born in Tampico, Illinois , and raised in Dixon , Reagan was educated at Eureka College , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology .	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	After graduating, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then, in 1937, to Los Angeles where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television.	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American (1940), Kings Row (1942), and Bedtime for Bonzo (1951).	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	Reagan served as President of the Screen Actors Guild and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE.	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	Originally a member of the Democratic Party , his positions began shifting rightward in the 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962.	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater 's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970 .	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 and in 1976 , but won both the nomination and general election in 1980 , defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter .	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	As president, Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives.	11
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	His supply-side economic policies, dubbed " Reaganomics ", advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic growth, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulation of the economy, and reducing government spending.	00
Q435	what did ronald reagan do as president	Ronald Reagan	In his first term he survived an assassination attempt , took a hard line against labor unions, announced a new War on Drugs , and ordered an invasion of Grenada .	00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

During his two-year major junior career with the Rimouski Océanic , he earned back-to-back CHL Player of the Year awards and led his club to the 2005 Memorial Cup final.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

Nicknamed " The Next One ", he was one of the most highly regarded draft picks in hockey history, leading many to refer to the 2005 Draft Lottery as the "Sidney Crosby Sweepstakes".

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

In his first NHL season , Crosby finished sixth in league scoring with 102 points (39 goals, 63 assists) and was a runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy (won by Alexander Ovechkin ).

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

By his second season , he led the NHL with 120 points (36 goals, 84 assists) to capture the Art Ross Trophy , becoming the youngest player and the only teenager to win a scoring title in any major North American sports league .

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

That same season, Crosby also won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the Professional Hockey Writers Association 's choice for most valuable player and the Lester B. Pearson Award as the NHL Players Association 's choice for most outstanding player, becoming the seventh player in NHL history to earn all three awards in one year.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

Crosby started the 2007–08 season with the team's captaincy and subsequently led them to the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals , where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings in six games.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

The Penguins returned to the Finals against Detroit the following year and won in seven games; Crosby became the youngest captain in NHL history to win the Stanley Cup .

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

In the 2009–10 season , Crosby scored a career-high 51 goals, tying him with Steven Stamkos for the Rocket Richard Trophy as the league-leader; with 58 assists, he totaled 109 points, second in the NHL.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

During the off-season, Crosby received the Mark Messier Leadership Award .

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

In 2010–11 , Crosby sustained a concussion as a result of hits to the head in back-to-back games.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

The injury left him sidelined for ten and a half months.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

However, after playing eight games in the 2011–12 season , Crosby's concussion-like symptoms returned in December 2011, and he did not return until mid-March 2012.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

Internationally, Crosby has represented Canada in numerous tournaments for the country's junior and men's teams .

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

After competing in the 2003 U-18 Junior World Cup , he represented Canada in back-to-back IIHF World U20 Championships , winning silver in 2004 and gold in 2005 .

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

At the 2006 IIHF World Championship , he led the tournament in scoring, while also earning Top Forward and All-Star Team honours.

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

Four years later, Crosby was named to Team Canada for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver .

00

Q416

how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Crosby

Playing the United States in the gold medal game, he scored the game-winning goal in overtime .

00

Q417

what does add my two cents mean

My two cents

A United States cent , also known as a penny .

00

Q417

what does add my two cents mean

My two cents

"My two cents" (2¢) and its longer version "put my two cents in" is an United States (US) idiomatic expression, taken from the original English idiom expression: to put in "my two pennies worth" or "my tuppence worth."

11

Q417

what does add my two cents mean

My two cents

It is used to preface the tentative stating of one’s opinion.

00

Q417

what does add my two cents mean

My two cents

By deprecating the opinion to follow – suggesting its value is only two cents , a very small amount – the user of the phrase hopes to lessen the impact of a possibly statement, showing politeness and humility.

00

Q417

what does add my two cents mean

My two cents

However, it is also sometimes used with irony when expressing a strongly felt opinion.

00

Q417

what does add my two cents mean

My two cents

The phrase is also used out of habit to preface uncontentious opinions.

00

Q417

what does add my two cents mean

My two cents

For example:

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

The One Hundred Twelfth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011 until January 3, 2013.

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

It convened in Washington, D.C. on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008.

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress.

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census .

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

In the 2010 midterm elections , the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives.

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

While the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress.

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress (2001–2003), and the first Congress to begin that way since the 99th Congress (1985–1987).

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

In this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members, 242, since the 80th Congress (1947–1949).

00

Q419

how many representative in congress 2011

112th United States Congress

It was also the first Congress since 1947 in which no member of the Kennedy family served, as well as the most politically polarized Congress since Reconstruction , with record low approval ratings.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

This article deals with Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) rather than the rhizotomy procedures for pain relief ; for those procedures, which have begun to take the name "rhizotomy" in certain instances, see facet rhizotomy and similar.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

A rhizotomy ( ) is a term chiefly referring to a neurosurgical procedure that selectively destroys problematic nerve roots in the spinal cord , most often to relieve the symptoms of neuromuscular conditions such as spastic diplegia and other forms of spastic cerebral palsy .

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

The selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for spastic cerebral palsy has been the main use of rhizotomy for neurosurgeons specialising in spastic CP since the 1980s; in this surgery, the spasticity-causing nerves are isolated and then targeted and destroyed.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

The sensory nerve roots, where spasticity is located, are first separated from the motor ones, and the nerve fibres to be cut are then identified via electromyographic stimulation.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

The ones producing spasticity are then selectively lesioned with tiny electrical pulses.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

In spasticity, rhizotomy precisely targets and destroys the damaged nerves that don’t receive gamma amino butyric acid , which is the core problem for people with spastic cerebral palsy .

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

These over-firing, non-GABA-absorbing nerves generate unusual electrical activity during the EMG testing phase in SDR and are thus considered to be the source of the patient's hypertonia ; they are eliminated with the electrical pulses once identified, while the remaining nerves and nerve routes carrying the correct messages remain fully intact and untouched.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

This means that the spasticity is permanently dissolved, and that this is done without affecting nervous system sensitivity or function in other areas, because the only nerves destroyed are the over-firing ones responsible for the muscle tightness.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

The terms rhizotomy and neurotomy are also increasingly becoming interchangeable in the treatment of chronic back pain from degenerative disc disease .

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

This is a procedure called a facet rhizotomy and is not a surgical procedure but is instead done on an outpatient basis using a simple probe to apply radiofrequency waves to the impinged pain-causing nerve root lying between the facet joint and the vertebral body.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

Such radio frequency nerve lesioning results in five to eight or more months of pain relief before the nerve regenerates and another round of the procedure needs to be performed.

00

Q424

How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Rhizotomy

A facet rhizotomy is just one of many different forms of radiofrequency ablation , and its use of the "rhizotomy" name should not be confused with the SDR procedure.

00

Q425

what does a migrant worker do

Migrant worker

Migrant workers in California , 1935

00

Q425

what does a migrant worker do

Migrant worker

The term migrant worker has different official meanings and connotations in different parts of the world.

00

Q425

what does a migrant worker do

Migrant worker

The United Nations ' definition is broad, including any people working outside of their home country.

00

Q425

what does a migrant worker do

Migrant worker

The term can also be used to describe someone who migrates within a country, possibly their own, in order to pursue work such as seasonal work .

00

Q426

what does the tear tattoo mean

Teardrop tattoo

Photograph of Lil Wayne with teardrop tattoos below his eyes.

00

Q426

what does the tear tattoo mean

Teardrop tattoo

The teardrop tattoo or tear tattoo is a symbolic tattoo that is placed underneath the eye.

00

Q426

what does the tear tattoo mean

Teardrop tattoo

It has no fixed meaning but almost all meanings (see below) have some connection to prison.

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Q428

how much of US 75 is 4 lane

U.S. Route 75

U.S. Route 75 is a north–south U.S. Highway .

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Q428

how much of US 75 is 4 lane

U.S. Route 75

The highway's northern terminus is in Kittson County, Minnesota , at the Canadian border, where it once continued as Manitoba Highway 75 on the other side of the now-closed border crossing.

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Q428

how much of US 75 is 4 lane

U.S. Route 75

Its southern terminus is at Interstate 30 and Interstate 45 in Dallas, Texas , where it is known as North Central Expressway .

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Q428

how much of US 75 is 4 lane

U.S. Route 75

U.S. 75 was a border-to-border route, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston , Texas .

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Q428

how much of US 75 is 4 lane

U.S. Route 75

However, the entire segment south of Dallas , Texas has been decommissioned in favor of Interstate 45 , a cutoff section of town-to-town surface road having become State Highway 75 .

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

Lower Ninth Ward is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans .

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

As the name implies, it is part of the Ninth Ward of New Orleans .

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

The Lower Ninth Ward is often thought of as the entire area within New Orleans downriver of the Industrial Canal ; however, the City Planning Commission divides this area into the Lower Ninth Ward (2) and Holy Cross (3) neighborhoods.

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

The term "Lower" refers to its location farther towards the mouth of the Mississippi River , "down" or "below" the rest of the city in local geographic terminology.

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

But the 9th Ward, like all Wards in New Orleans, is a voting district.

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

The 9th Ward was added as a voting district in 1852.

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

The "lower" 9th Ward is composed of Ward 9 Districts 1, 2, 4, and 7 which make up the Holy Cross Area and Ward 9 Districts 3, 5, 6, and 8.

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

Higher voting district numbers in the 9th Ward (8-27) are on the upriver side of the Industrial Canal.

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Q431

how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward

The area came to national attention for its devastation in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

Hubble views of Copernicus crater (inset), which is about 58 miles (93 km) wide

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

Red and orange tinted Moon, as seen from Earth during a lunar eclipse, where the Earth comes between the Moon and Sun

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth , and the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary , having 27% the diameter and 60% the density of Earth, resulting in its mass .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon is the second densest satellite after Io , a satellite of Jupiter.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always showing the same face with its near side marked by dark volcanic maria that fill between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent impact craters .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

It is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun , although its surface is actually very dark, with a reflectance similar to that of coal.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

Its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of phases have, since ancient times, made the Moon an important cultural influence on language , calendars , art and mythology .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon's gravitational influence produces the ocean tides and the minute lengthening of the day.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon's current orbital distance, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth, causes it to appear almost the same size in the sky as the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun nearly precisely in total solar eclipses .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

This matching of apparent visual size is a coincidence.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon's linear distance from the Earth is currently increasing at a rate of 3.82±0.07cm per year, but this rate is not constant.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon is thought to have formed nearly 4.5 billion years ago, not long after the Earth.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

Although there have been several hypotheses for its origin in the past, the current most widely accepted explanation is that the Moon formed from the debris left over after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars -sized body.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon is the only celestial body other than Earth on which humans have set foot .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Soviet Union 's Luna programme was the first to reach the Moon with unmanned spacecraft in 1959; the United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned missions to date, beginning with the first manned lunar orbiting mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned lunar landings between 1969 and 1972, with the first being Apollo 11 .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

These missions returned over 380 kg of lunar rocks , which have been used to develop a geological understanding of the Moon's origins, the formation of its internal structure , and its subsequent history .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

After the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, the Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft, notably by the final Soviet Lunokhod rover .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

Since 2004, Japan, China, India, the United States, and the European Space Agency have each sent lunar orbiters.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

These spacecraft have contributed to confirming the discovery of lunar water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the poles and bound into the lunar regolith .

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

Future manned missions to the Moon have been planned, including government as well as privately funded efforts.

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Q433

how was the moon formed

Moon

The Moon remains, under the Outer Space Treaty , free to all nations to explore for peaceful purposes.

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989).

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975), and a radio, film and television actor.

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

Born in Tampico, Illinois , and raised in Dixon , Reagan was educated at Eureka College , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology .

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

After graduating, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then, in 1937, to Los Angeles where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television.

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American (1940), Kings Row (1942), and Bedtime for Bonzo (1951).

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

Reagan served as President of the Screen Actors Guild and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE.

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

Originally a member of the Democratic Party , his positions began shifting rightward in the 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962.

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater 's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970 .

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 and in 1976 , but won both the nomination and general election in 1980 , defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter .

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

As president, Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives.

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

His supply-side economic policies, dubbed " Reaganomics ", advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic growth, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulation of the economy, and reducing government spending.

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Q435

what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Reagan

In his first term he survived an assassination attempt , took a hard line against labor unions, announced a new War on Drugs , and ordered an invasion of Grenada .

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