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[ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nEdinburgh, Scotland, has warm summers and cold winters.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nEdinburgh, Scotland, has warm summers and cold winters.\nThis passage tells you about the usual temperatures in Edinburgh. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is an ice skate?\n\n0. 27 kilometers\n1. 27 centimeters\n2. 27 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of an ice skate is 27 centimeters.\n27 meters and 27 kilometers are both too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\ncompost rotting\nburning a piece of wood\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are only physical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nCompost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter.\nBurning a piece of wood is a chemical change. When the wood burns, the type of matter in it changes. The wood turns black and gives off smoke.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBurning is caused by heating. But compost rotting is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nDr. Barton is unhappy with her new assistant because simple tasks, like fetching coffee, take him years to finish.\n\n0. anaphora\n1. hyperbole" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses hyperbole, an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nTake him years to finish is an exaggeration, since it probably does not take him entire years to fetch coffee.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word crooked on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ncompany - curious\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince crooked is between the guide words company - curious, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Peru's coast is the least interesting part of the country.\n1. A narrow strip of desert runs along Peru's coastline." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nA narrow strip of desert runs along Peru's coastline.\nIt can be proved by looking up Peru's geography.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nPeru's coast is the least interesting part of the country.\nLeast interesting shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is interesting.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Cindy acquired this trait?\n\n0. Cindy learned biology by reading, observing, and experimenting.\n1. Cindy is most interested in human biology." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMy dog, Bandit, is the security guard for our front yard mailbox.\n\n0. metaphor\n1. simile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "My dog, Bandit, is the security guard for our front yard mailbox.\nThe words Bandit and security guard are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of pear turning brown\nsalt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by heating.\n2. Both are caused by cooling.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of a pear turning brown is a chemical change. The substances in the pear react with oxygen in the air and turn into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the pear, the inside will still be white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the pear.\nSalt and vinegar removing tarnish from a penny is a chemical change. The salt and vinegar change the tarnish into a different type of matter that can be easily wiped away. This makes the penny look shiny again.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. \"Farmer in the Dell\"\n1. \"Farmer in the dell\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words in and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"Farmer in the Dell.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the softest?\n\n0. nylon swim shorts\n1. glass bottle\n2. clay tile" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the nylon swim shorts are the softest. Nylon fabric changes shape when you press on it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is more flexible?\n\n0. ice rink\n1. leather belt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Flexible is a property. A flexible material can be bent without breaking easily.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine bending the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the leather belt is more flexible. If you fold leather, it will not break.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Celestine is a pure substance. It is not made by living things.\n1. A brick is made by humans. It is a solid.\n2. Halite is a solid. It is not made by living things." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nHalite is a mineral.\nCelestine is a mineral.\nA brick is made by humans. But minerals are not made by living things.\nSo, a brick is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the metaphor in this text suggest?\nAyana felt a roller coaster of emotions when she heard the news.\n\n0. Ayana had varied feelings.\n1. Ayana found the news scary." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a metaphor, comparing two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe metaphor Ayana felt a roller coaster of emotions suggests that Ayana had varied feelings. A roller coaster has a dramatic mix of ups and downs, and so do Ayana's feelings.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJonathan can fly an airplane.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to fly an airplane. Instead, some people learn how to fly airplanes. So, flying an airplane is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is the smoothest?\n\n0. rock wall\n1. glass marbles\n2. bark" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Smooth is a property. A smooth material is not rough or bumpy.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the glass marbles are the smoothest. Glass marbles do not feel rough or bumpy when you touch them.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nPlease take the garbage out.\n\n0. imperative\n1. interrogative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence makes a request, so it is an imperative sentence. Here, it ends with a period.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. The senator announced unexpectedly that she was resigning.\n1. Out of the blue, the senator announced that she was resigning." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses an idiom (out of the blue).\nThe second sentence uses formal language in place of the idiom, so it is more formal overall.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nan old sandwich rotting in a trashcan\nmilk going sour\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter.\nMilk going sour is a chemical change. The type of matter in the milk slowly changes. The new matter that is formed gives the milk its sour taste.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\n\"This is the best day of my life,\" Mr. Yang mumbled after his car broke down on the way to an important job interview.\n\n0. Mr. Yang was already running late.\n1. Mr. Yang was having a bad day." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nThe best day of my life ironically suggests that Mr. Yang was having a bad day. He was having the opposite of a good day because his car broke down when he needed to be on time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.\nA substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.\nThe atomic symbol for each chemical element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one atomic symbol.\nThe atomic symbol in a chemical formula may be followed by a small number written lower than the symbol. This number is called a subscript. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript shows how many atoms are in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen, O2, has a subscript of 2. This subscript shows that the atomic symbol O represents two atoms. The elementary substance O2 and the chemical element represented by the atomic symbol O are both named oxygen. So, the formula tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple atomic symbols.\nThe chemical elements in a compound are bonded together in a fixed ratio. This ratio is shown in a compound's chemical formula.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. So, the ratio of beryllium atoms to fluorine atoms is 1 to 2. This ratio is shown in the chemical formula for beryllium fluoride, BeF2. There is no subscript following the atomic symbol Be because that symbol represents one atom. The subscript 2 follows the atomic symbol F to show that the symbol represents two atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nSilicon is ().\n\n0. an elementary substance\n1. a compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether silicon is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of atomic symbols in its chemical formula. An atomic symbol consists of either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for silicon contains one atomic symbol: Si. So, the formula tells you that silicon is composed of only one chemical element.\nSince silicon is composed of only one chemical element, silicon is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nRyan has a scar on his right knee.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Children do not inherit their parent's scars. Instead, scars are caused by the environment. People can get scars after they get hurt. So, having a scar is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nMax took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\n\n0. compound\n1. compound-complex\n2. simple\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is simple. It is a single independent clause.\nMax took several incredible panoramic photographs of the sweeping view from the top of Table Mountain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the elementary substance.\n\n0. benzene (C6H6)\n1. silicon (Si)\n2. boron trichloride (BCl3)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look at the chemical formula for each substance, and count the number of symbols in the formula. Then, decide if the substance is an elementary substance. The chemical formula for boron trichloride contains two symbols: B for boron and Cl for chlorine. So, boron trichloride is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, boron trichloride is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for benzene contains two symbols: C for carbon and H for hydrogen. So, benzene is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, benzene is a compound, not an elementary substance. The chemical formula for silicon contains one symbol: Si. So, silicon is made of one chemical element. Substances that are made of one chemical element are elementary substances. So, silicon is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nMr. Boyd explained the idea to his son.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, explained. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. beads\n1. lemonade\n2. air inside a balloon\n3. empty cup" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An empty cup is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you fill a cup with water, the cup still has its own shape.\nEach bead in the jar is a solid. If you put many beads into a bottle, they will take the shape of the bottle, as a liquid would. But be careful! Beads are not a liquid. Each bead still has a size and shape of its own.\nThe air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.\nLemonade is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour lemonade into a cup, the lemonade will take the shape of the cup. But the lemonade will still take up the same amount of space.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Owen decides to plant the daffodils. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. He will save some space. The daffodils will use up less space than the elm tree would have used up.\n1. Owen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Owen wants or needs:\nOwen will give up the chance to look at the elm tree. He thinks it would have looked more beautiful than the daffodils.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a movie?\n\n0. ***Horton Hears a Who***\n1. \"Horton Hears a Who!\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A movie should be in italics.\nThe correct title is **Horton Hears a Who**.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text message is more formal?\n\n0. Ms. Randolph is already here. She's waiting in the lobby.\n1. Heads up! Randolph is here. In the lobby." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text message is more formal. It uses complete sentences, avoids slang (heads up), and uses the person's title (Ms. Randolph). The other text message includes more casual language and sentence fragments.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nJayla has naturally straight hair.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Human hair can be naturally straight or naturally curly. Straight and curly are examples of hair texture.\nSome people use tools to change how their hair looks. But this doesn't affect the natural texture of their hair. So, having naturally straight hair is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Emma investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a catapult with a longer arm launch a rubber ball farther than a catapult with a shorter arm?\n1. Does a heavier ball travel farther than a lighter ball when launched from a catapult?\n2. Does a rubber ball travel farther when launched from a metal catapult or from a wooden catapult?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are always moving.\nThe energy of moving atoms is called thermal energy. The total amount of thermal energy in matter depends on three things: the type of matter, the amount of matter, and how fast the atoms are moving.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the atoms in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.\nWhat happens if the amount of matter changes? A 2-kilogram brick at 70°F has twice as much thermal energy as a 1-kilogram brick at 70°F. The two bricks have the same temperature, but the larger brick has twice as many atoms. So, it has twice as much thermal energy.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich stick of butter has more thermal energy?\n\n0. the colder stick of butter\n1. the hotter stick of butter" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two sticks of butter are made of the same material and have the same mass. So, the hotter stick of butter has more thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Brad inherited this trait?\n\n0. Brad and his siblings all have naturally straight hair.\n1. Brad and his biological father have short hair.\n2. Brad's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word address on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nache - age\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince address is between the guide words ache - age, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a newspaper?\n\n0. Green Valley News and Sun\n1. Green valley News and Sun" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The word and is not important, so it should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Green Valley News and Sun.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nIt is snowing in Gavin's town today.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nIt is snowing in Gavin's town today.\nThis passage tells you about the precipitation today in Gavin's town. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every substance around you is made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.\nEvery chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element fluorine is F, and the symbol for the element beryllium is Be.\nThe symbol for each element in a substance is shown in the substance's chemical formula.\nAn elementary substance is represented by a chemical formula that contains only one symbol.\nThe symbol may be followed by a subscript. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text. A subscript is included when the atoms in the elementary substance are bonded to form molecules. The subscript tells you the number of atoms in each molecule.\nFor example, the chemical formula for the elementary substance oxygen is O2. The formula has a subscript of 2. This subscript tells you that there are two atoms in the molecule represented by this chemical formula.\nThe chemical element represented by the symbol O is also called oxygen. So, the formula O2 tells you that each molecule of O2 contains two oxygen atoms.\nA compound is represented by a chemical formula that contains multiple symbols.\nFor example, in the compound beryllium fluoride, there is one beryllium atom for every two fluorine atoms. This combination is shown in the compound's chemical formula, BeF2. In the formula, the symbol Be represents one beryllium atom. The symbol F followed by the subscript 2 represents two fluorine atoms.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement.\nHelium is ().\n\n0. a compound\n1. an elementary substance" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You can tell whether helium is an elementary substance or a compound by counting the number of symbols in its chemical formula. A symbol contains either one capital letter or a capital letter followed by one or two lowercase letters.\nThe chemical formula for helium is He. This formula contains one symbol: He. So, the formula tells you that helium is made of one chemical element.\nSubstances made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. So, helium is an elementary substance.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.\nMinerals and rocks have the following properties:\nProperty | Mineral | Rock\nIt is a solid. | Yes | Yes\nIt is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes\nIt is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes\nIt is a pure substance. | Yes | No\nIt has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No\nYou can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.\nLook closely at the last three properties:\nMinerals and rocks are not made by organisms.\nOrganisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.\nHumans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.\nA mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.\nA pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.\nA mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.\nThe crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.\nHowever, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a mineral.\n\n0. Aquamarine is not made by living things. It is a solid.\n1. Gypsum is a solid. It is formed in nature.\n2. A brick is made in a factory. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals.\nAquamarine is a mineral.\nGypsum is a mineral.\nA brick is made in a factory. But all minerals are formed in nature.\nSo, a brick is not a mineral.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of an article?\n\n0. \"the 25 Best Songs of the Year\"\n1. \"The 25 Best Songs of the Year\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is \"The 25 Best Songs of the Year.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Basil has green leaves.\n1. Grizzly bears walk and run." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Basil is a plant. It has green leaves.\nBasil leaves are used in cooking.\nA grizzly bear is an animal. It walks and runs.\nAdult grizzly bears can weigh between 300 and 800 pounds. But when a grizzly bear cub is born, it only weighs about one pound!\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Mammals have hair or fur and feed their young milk.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the mammal.\n\n0. Nile crocodile\n1. cobra\n2. green frog\n3. humpback whale" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A Nile crocodile is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nCrocodiles hunt their prey in or near water.\nA green frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nFrogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.\nA cobra is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nMost cobras have a wide, flat hood below their head. A cobra can display its hood to scare away a predator.\nA humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nWhales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.\nSome solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.\nA glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.\nThink about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.\nJuice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the solid.\n\n0. apple juice\n1. water in a fishbowl\n2. rag doll" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that the bus leaves in 7. You might be thinking, 7 what? Does the bus leave in 7 minutes? 7 seconds?\nThe number 7 on its own does not give you much information about when the bus is leaving. That is because the units are missing.\nTime is usually measured in units of seconds, minutes, or hours. It takes about 1 second to sneeze and 1 minute to get dressed in the morning. It takes about 1 hour to bake a pie in the oven.\nThere are 60 seconds in 1 minute. So, 1 second is much less than 1 minute.\nThere are 60 minutes in 1 hour. So, 1 minute is much less than 1 hour.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long does it take to tie your shoes?\n\n0. 29 hours\n1. 29 seconds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for how long it takes to tie your shoes is 29 seconds.\n29 hours is too slow.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nfamily - fowl\n\n0. fluff\n1. fright" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince fluff is between the guide words family - fowl, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nAre you playing golf with Nick this weekend? I wouldn't do that if I were you. Nick is dating Jordan, and everyone knows that Jordan cheats at golf.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n2. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Nick cheats at golf because the person he is dating cheats at golf. However, the behavior of someone's girlfriend or boyfriend does not necessarily reflect the behavior of that person. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the Third Amendment say about soliders?\n\n0. No soldiers are allowed in the United States during peacetime.\n1. The government can't force people to keep soldiers in their homes during peacetime.\n2. All men need to sign up as soldiers if the United States goes to war.\n3. Soldiers are the only Americans who don't have to pay taxes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The Third Amendment says that the government can't force people to keep soldiers in their homes during peacetime. The amendment says that no soldier shall be \"quartered in any house.\" In this case, \"quartered\" means \"given a place to stay.\" The complete text of the Third Amendment is below. Are there any times when an American might have to let a soldier stay in his or her house? No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is this pea plant's phenotype for the pod color trait?\n\n0. dd\n1. yellow pods" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. The pea plant's observable version of the pod color trait is yellow pods. So, the plant's phenotype for the pod color trait is yellow pods.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence uses a simile?\n\n0. Her laughter was like a bird's song.\n1. Her laughter was a bird's song." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This sentence uses a simile:\nHer laughter was like a bird's song.\nThe words laughter and bird's song are compared using the word like.\nThis sentence uses a metaphor:\nHer laughter was a bird's song.\nThe words laughter and bird's song are compared without the word like or as.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using customary units, mass may be written with units of ounces, pounds, or tons.\nThere are 16 ounces in 1 pound and 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.\nSo, 1 ounce is less than 1 pound and much less than 1 ton.\nA slice of bread has a mass of about 1 ounce, while a can of beans has a mass of about 1 pound. A small car has a mass of about 1 ton.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a can of soup?\n\n0. 13 tons\n1. 13 pounds\n2. 13 ounces" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the mass of a can of soup is 13 ounces.\n13 pounds and 13 tons are both too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nDan will pitch the ball quickly.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, pitch. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA sentence fragment is a group of words that does not express a complete thought.\nRehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing a subject. It doesn't tell who is rehearsing.\nThe band I'm in.\nThis fragment is missing a verb. It doesn't tell what the band I'm in is doing.\nBecause we have a concert in two weeks.\nThis fragment is missing an independent clause. It doesn't tell what happened because of the concert.\n\nQuestion:\nIs there a sentence fragment?\nDue to warmer winters, the population of brown tawny owls in Finland has increased dramatically. With less snow on the ground, brown owls can better blend in with the environment, evading predators.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "There is not a sentence fragment. These are complete sentences because they express complete thoughts.\nDue to warmer winters, the population of brown tawny owls in Finland has increased dramatically. With less snow on the ground, brown owls can better blend in with the environment, evading predators.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a TV show?\n\n0. are You Afraid of the dark?\n1. Are You Afraid of the Dark?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between. The words of and the are not important, so they should not be capitalized.\nThe correct title is Are You Afraid of the Dark?\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark.\nDo you have any plans for the upcoming weekend?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nMr. McCall gave a lecture on water conservation, during which he stressed the importance of not watering lawns during a drought.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence tells about something, and it ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmelting wax\npicking up a paper clip with a magnet\n\n0. Both are caused by heating.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by cooling." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMelting wax is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The wax changes from solid to liquid. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nPicking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nWax melting is caused by heating. But picking up a paper clip with a magnet is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Lollipop's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. dark fur\n1. Ff" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Lollipop's observable version of the fur color trait is dark fur. So, Lollipop's phenotype for the fur color trait is dark fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the fish.\n\n0. spotted dolphin\n1. western toad\n2. Hermann's tortoise\n3. whale shark" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A western toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nToads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole.\nA whale shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nWhale sharks are the largest fish in the world! Adult whale sharks can weigh over 21 tons—as much as seven elephants!\nA spotted dolphin is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.\nDolphins may look like sharks or other fish, but they are mammals! When a baby dolphin is born, it has hair around its jaw. This hair falls out as the dolphin grows.\nA Hermann's tortoise is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.\nA tortoise's shell protects it from predators. When a tortoise feels threatened, it can pull its head and legs inside its shell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a bench?\n\n0. 8 inches\n1. 8 yards\n2. 8 feet\n3. 8 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a bench is 8 feet.\n8 inches is too short. 8 yards and 8 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nWhitney had her fifteen minutes when her video of kayaking with dolphins went viral.\n\n0. modern history\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion fifteen minutes is modern history.\nIn a catalog that accompanied an exhibit of his work, pop artist Andy Warhol said, \"In the future, everybody will be world-famous for fifteen minutes,\" meaning that fame would be briefly available even to those who did nothing spectacular.\nThe allusion fifteen minutes means a temporary moment of celebrity status.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. When paper gets hot enough, it reacts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nCutting a piece of paper is a physical change. The cut pieces are still made of paper.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, ice melting is a physical change. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nA banana getting ripe on the counter is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A banana getting ripe on the counter is a chemical change. As a banana ripens, the type of matter in it changes. The peel changes color and the inside becomes softer and sweeter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs pulling weeds a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether pulling weeds is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs pulling weeds something you can touch? No.\nIs pulling weeds a job you might pay someone else to do? Yes.\nSo, pulling weeds is a service.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nTemperature can be written with units of degrees Fahrenheit (°F) or Celsius (°C). Use the list below to compare the two units.\n212°F | Water boils | 100°C\n98.6°F | Body temperature | 37°C\n68°F | Room temperature | 20°C\n32°F | Water freezes | 0°C\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the temperature of a warm swimming pool?\n\n0. 30°F\n1. 30°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the temperature of a warm swimming pool is 30°C.\n30°F is too cold.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Slim's phenotype for the body hair trait?\n\n0. a hairless body\n1. bb" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Slim's observable version of the body hair trait is a hairless body. So, Slim's phenotype for the body hair trait is a hairless body.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\nmolding clay into the shape of a pot\nshaking up salad dressing\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are chemical changes.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nMolding clay into the shape of a pot is a physical change. The clay gets a different shape. But it is made of the same type of matter.\nShaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Winston inherited this trait?\n\n0. Winston and his biological father have short hair.\n1. Winston and his siblings all have naturally straight hair.\n2. Winston's biological mother often wears her naturally brown hair in a bun." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nMuch to our shock, Elijah chose to turn the other cheek when Dana insulted him in a meeting.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. a song" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion turn the other cheek is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Jesus counsels his followers to resist retaliation. He says that if they are struck on the right cheek, they shouldn't lash out; instead, they should turn the other cheek toward their attacker.\nThe allusion turn the other cheek means to respond without aggression.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. The Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean.\n1. The movie about the sinking of the Titanic is wonderful." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence states a fact.\nThe Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean.\nIt can be proved by reading a history book about the Titanic.\nThe first sentence states an opinion.\nThe movie about the sinking of the Titanic is wonderful.\nWonderful shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about whether the movie is wonderful.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nFriends lean on each other during hard times.\n\n0. present tense\n1. future tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, lean. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has less thermal energy?\n\n0. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 35°C\n1. a bowl of oatmeal at a temperature of 30°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The two bowls of oatmeal have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 30°C bowl of oatmeal is colder than the 35°C bowl of oatmeal, it has less thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich letter opening is more formal?\n\n0. Dear Mr. Navarro,\n1. Dear Ron," }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first letter opening is more formal. It uses the recipient's personal title and last name. The other opening uses the recipient's first name, suggesting a more familiar relationship.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a can of soda pop?\n\n0. 305 liters\n1. 305 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a can of soda pop is 305 milliliters.\n305 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a leather belt?\n\n0. 90 meters\n1. 90 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a leather belt is 90 centimeters.\n90 meters is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Mr. Roy peeled the tangerine and divided it into sections.\n1. While humans may appear less hairy than many animals, we actually have about the same number of hairs on our bodies as chimpanzees." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction while.\nWhile humans may appear less hairy than many animals, we actually have about the same number of hairs on our bodies as chimpanzees.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nhid - hundred\n\n0. horrid\n1. having" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince horrid is between the guide words hid - hundred, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nThe temperature in Fargo, North Dakota, is over 70°F right now.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nThe temperature in Fargo, North Dakota, is over 70°F right now.\nThis passage tells you about the temperature in Fargo right now. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the idiom in this text suggest?\nMr. and Mrs. Rudd usually see eye to eye, but not when it comes to the controversial mayoral race.\n\n0. Mr. and Mrs. Rudd look each other in the eye.\n1. Mr. and Mrs. Rudd usually agree." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nThe idiom see eye to eye suggests that Mr. and Mrs. Rudd usually agree. When you see eye to eye with someone, you share their opinion.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved to be true. Facts can be proved by observing, measuring, or studying information.\nThe flag of the United States has 13 stripes.\nThis is a fact. It can be proved by looking at the flag and counting the number of stripes.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion cannot be proved true.\nThe flag of the United States is easy to draw.\nThis is an opinion. People may have different opinions about what makes a flag \"easy\" to draw.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Our five-cent coin is called a nickel, but it is not made out of nickel.\n1. In today's economy, a nickel is almost worthless." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nOur five-cent coin is called a nickel, but it is not made out of nickel.\nIt can be proved by looking up information about U.S. coins.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nIn today's economy, a nickel is almost worthless.\nAlmost worthless shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what is worthless.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. If Lila's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.\n1. If Lila's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange it for another item." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it could refer to Lila's skirt or the blouse.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the blouse.\nIf Lila's skirt doesn't match the blouse, she will have to exchange the blouse for another item.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich change best matches the sentence?\nThe farms in an area get covered by water after heavy rain.\n\n0. erosion\n1. earthquake\n2. flood" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nChristina's Bistro used to be a great place to go for a delicious and carefully prepared dinner, but nobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded.\n\n0. paradox\n1. euphemism" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses a paradox, a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nNobody goes there anymore: it's too crowded at first appears to be contradictory, because if no one goes to the restaurant, then the restaurant should be empty, not crowded. However, it contains some truth: if a restaurant is frequently perceived to be too crowded, many people will no longer want to go there.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. After Annie scolded Amy for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\n1. Annie felt awful after she scolded Amy for missing the deadline." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Annie or Amy.\nAfter Annie scolded Amy for missing the deadline, she felt awful.\nThe second answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAnnie felt awful after she scolded Amy for missing the deadline.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy.\nTemperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter slow down, the temperature goes down. The matter now has both less thermal energy and a lower temperature.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich object has the least thermal energy?\n\n0. a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 198°C\n1. a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 0°C\n2. a 9-kilogram block of steel at a temperature of 195°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "All three blocks of steel have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 0°C block is the coldest, it has the least thermal energy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThe Mannings argue we should eat our pizza with a fork and knife because it's less messy, but what do they know? Have you seen their house? It's a disaster!\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the Mannings' opinion on eating pizza is invalid because their house is messy. This is a personal attack that isn't relevant to whether the argument is valid. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as ad hominem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of these is part of the judicial branch?\n\n0. the president\n1. the Department of Defense\n2. the Supreme Court\n3. Congress" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Diane investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does the basketball bounce higher on a lawn or on a dirt path?\n1. Do larger basketballs bounce higher than smaller basketballs on a brick patio?\n2. Does the basketball bounce higher on gravel or on grass?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nErosion caused by wind is a ().\n\n0. physical change\n1. chemical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Erosion caused by wind is a physical change. The wind carries away tiny pieces of rock. But the pieces of rock do not become a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Rocks are made of minerals. Here are some properties of rocks:\nThey are solid.\nThey are formed in nature.\nThey are not made by living things.\nThey are not pure substances.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one substance that is not a rock.\n\n0. Basalt is not made by living things. It is a solid.\n1. Quartzite is not a pure substance. It is formed in nature.\n2. Soap is made by humans. It is a solid." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of rocks. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of rocks.\nSoap is made by humans. But rocks are not made by living things.\nSo, soap is not a rock.\nBasalt is a rock.\nQuartzite is a rock.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nWhile waiting for her search results, Marcy exclaimed, \"My Internet connection is as speedy as a snail!\"\n\n0. The Internet connection was very slow.\n1. Marcy was patiently waiting for an Internet connection." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs speedy as a snail suggests that the Internet connection was very slow. A snail is not speedy, and neither was Marcy's Internet connection.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nvein - volunteer\n\n0. vinegar\n1. vase" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince vinegar is between the guide words vein - volunteer, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word spoon on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nsatisfy - stripe\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince spoon is between the guide words satisfy - stripe, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJudge Taylor looked daggers at Atticus, as if daring him to speak.\n—Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. idiom" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an idiom, an expression that cannot be understood literally.\nLooked daggers means looked at with an angry, menacing expression.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nCaden plays golf.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play golf. Instead, some people learn how to play golf. Playing the sport takes practice. So, playing golf is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word go on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ngiven - guest\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince go is between the guide words given - guest, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Formal writing is used for essays, business letters, and reports. The following types of informal language should be avoided in formal writing:\nType | Examples\nslang | cool, awesome\nidioms | knock your socks off\nconversational language | gonna, kinda, yeah\nabbreviated language | ASAP, FYI\noverly simple or imprecise language | he got some stuff at the store\ncontractions | can't, won't\nContractions are not as informal as the other types, but they should be used sparingly in formal writing.\nCompare the following sentences. The first is informal. The second is formal.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but they're awesome runners.\nFormal: Though ostriches are flightless, they are remarkably adept runners.\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence is more formal?\n\n0. Emilia didn't enter student politics until her junior year.\n1. Emilia did not enter student politics until her junior year." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is less formal. You can tell because it uses a contraction (didn't).\nThe second sentence does not use a contraction, so it is more formal.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the place that doesn't belong.\n\n0. shop\n1. meadow\n2. store\n3. market" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Meadow doesn't belong.\nStore, shop, and market all name places that sell things.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nLarry campaigned tirelessly in support of his neighbor's bid for elective office.\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "In a title, capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe Wind in the Willows James and the Giant Peach\nThese words are not important in titles:\nArticles, a, an, the\nShort prepositions, such as at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up\nCoordinating conjunctions, such as and, but, or\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of a song?\n\n0. \"hold Me near\"\n1. \"Hold Me Near\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Capitalize the first word, the last word, and every important word in between.\nThe correct title is \"Hold Me Near.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Salem has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Salem's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Salem. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Overall supply is the total amount of a good or service that producers make and sell. There are several things that can make overall supply go up or down. The table below shows how changes to these things might affect overall supply.\n | Resources | Number of producers or suppliers | Expected change in demand\nSupply goes up | when resources cost less or are easier to get | when there are more producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go up\nSupply goes down | when resources cost more or are harder to get | when there are fewer producers or suppliers | when demand is expected to go down\nProducers are people or companies that make goods or provide services. Suppliers are people or companies that sell goods or services. New inventions or technologies can also help workers produce goods and services more quickly. As a result of these changes, the supply of a good or service will often go up.\n\nQuestion:\nThe city of Burlington has been one of the world's biggest makers of cough drops for many years. But last month, Burlington's cough drop factories were destroyed by floods. What will probably happen to the overall supply of cough drops?\n\n0. The supply will probably go down.\n1. The supply will probably go up." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Floods destroyed the cough drop factories in Burlington. The number of producers of cough drops went down. So, the supply of cough drops will probably go down.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word mole on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nmail - mind\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince mole is not between the guide words mail - mind, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a raisin?\n\n0. 10 meters\n1. 10 centimeters\n2. 10 kilometers\n3. 10 millimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a raisin is 10 millimeters.\n10 centimeters, 10 meters, and 10 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]