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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that the motorcycle's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth () as Josiah rode up the hill.\n\n0. increased\n1. stayed the same\n2. decreased" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth changed.\nThe top of the hill is higher than the bottom of the hill. As Josiah rode toward the top of the hill, the distance between the motorcycle and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the motorcycle and Earth increased as Josiah rode up the hill.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A fact is something that can be proved true by research or observation.\nGeorge Washington became president of the United States in 1789.\nThis statement is a fact. It can be proved by researching what year George Washington was inaugurated president.\nAn opinion is something that a person believes, thinks, or feels. An opinion can be supported by evidence, but it cannot be proved true.\nGeorge Washington was a better president than Thomas Jefferson.\nThis statement is an opinion. People can have different ideas about what makes someone a \"better\" president, so the statement cannot be proved.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich sentence states a fact?\n\n0. Benjamin Franklin was smarter than most American presidents.\n1. Benjamin Franklin was never president of the United States." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence states a fact.\nBenjamin Franklin was never president of the United States.\nIt can be proved by looking at a list of U.S. presidents.\nThe second sentence states an opinion.\nBenjamin Franklin was smarter than most American presidents.\nSmarter shows what a person believes, thinks, or feels. Another person might have a different opinion about what makes one person smarter than another.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na crayon melting in the sun\na puddle freezing into ice on a cold night\n\n0. Both are caused by cooling.\n1. Both are only physical changes.\n2. Both are chemical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA crayon melting in the sun is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The crayon changes state from solid to liquid. The crayon is still made of wax, even after it melts.\nA puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nA crayon melting in the sun is caused by heating. But a puddle freezing is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nA puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But a crayon melting is not.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Dana investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Do round rocks or flat rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n1. Do small rocks or large rocks skip more times when thrown across the river?\n2. Do rocks skip more times when thrown across a river or across a pond?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of an eraser?\n\n0. 42 grams\n1. 42 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of an eraser is 42 grams.\n42 kilograms is too heavy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI ate kielbasa right before my favorite football team won the championship back in 2006. Now, I always eat kielbasa before their games to carry them to victory.\n\n0. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that eating kielbasa before games makes the team win. However, even though the writer ate kielbasa before his or her team won in 2006, that doesn't necessarily mean that the kielbasa was responsible for the team's success. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.\nA material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy.\nFor example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich would stretch more?\n\n0. rubber ballon\n1. steel beam" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Stretchy is a property. A stretchy material gets longer when you pull on it.\nLook at each picture, one at a time. Imagine pulling on the material shown in each picture.\nOf the choices, the rubber ballon would stretch more. If you gently pull on a rubber balloon, it will get longer.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nWhen I learned the details of Kiera's Faustian bargain, I was in disbelief.\n\n0. Roman mythology\n1. literature" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Faustian bargain is literature.\nIn a play by Christopher Marlowe based on the legend of Faust, a man strikes a deal with the devil. Disregarding the long-term consequences of his actions, he sells his soul in exchange for power.\nThe allusion Faustian bargain means a compromise of one's values for personal gain.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A force is a push or a pull.\nA force can make an object start moving or stop an object that is moving. A force can also make an object speed up, slow down, or change direction.\nForces can be different sizes.\nThink about trying to move a heavy object and a light object. Imagine you want to move them at the same speed. You will need to use a larger force to move the heavy object.\n\nQuestion:\nThe movers lift the boxes at the same speed. Which box is lifted with a larger force?\n\n0. a box holding 21 pounds\n1. a box holding 31 pounds" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Look for the box that is heavier.\nA box holding 31 pounds is heavier than a box holding 21 pounds. So, the box holding 31 pounds needs a larger force to start moving upward at the same speed as the other box.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nJuan's room is as tidy as an overgrown garden.\n\n0. onomatopoeia\n1. verbal irony" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nAs tidy as an overgrown garden shows verbal irony because an overgrown garden is not tidy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nCircus clowns amuse the young children.\n\n0. future tense\n1. present tense\n2. past tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, amuse. The verb tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nStefan can play the clarinet.\n\n0. acquired\n1. inherited" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "People are not born knowing how to play the clarinet. Instead, some people learn how to play. So, playing the clarinet is an acquired trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. thanks,\nWendy\n1. Thanks,\nWendy" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Yours truly,\nKurt\n1. Yours Truly,\nKurt" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhere Jon lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.\n\n0. weather\n1. climate" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhere Jon lives, the wind often blows in from the nearby hills.\nThis passage tells you about the usual wind pattern where Jon lives. It does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLooking at his life, we couldn't help but see Pablo as a Job-like figure.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.\nWhen matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.\nSome solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.\nWhen matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.\nSome liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.\nWhen matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.\nMany gases are invisible. Air is a gas.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the liquid.\n\n0. pair of dice\n1. water droplets\n2. spoon\n3. chalk" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Chalk is a solid. You can easily break chalk into pieces. But each piece will still have a size and shape of its own.\nWater droplets are a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you collect water droplets in a bucket, they will take the shape of the bucket. But the water droplets will still take up the same amount of space.\nA spoon is a solid. You can bend a spoon. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.\nA pair of dice is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. When you roll a pair of dice, the dice have a shape of their own. They are still cubes when they stop rolling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait.\nFor example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent.\nAn organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene.\nAn organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.\n\nQuestion:\nBased on this information, what is Mortimer's phenotype for the fur color trait?\n\n0. black fur\n1. FF" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait. Mortimer's observable version of the fur color trait is black fur. So, Mortimer's phenotype for the fur color trait is black fur.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nLucia considers Paris the most romantic city in the world.\n\n0. interrogative\n1. exclamatory\n2. declarative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement and ends with a period. It is a declarative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\nThe protean nature of the disease makes it difficult to diagnose.\nThe word protean is an allusion to the sea god Proteus in Greek mythology. Because the sea is constantly changing, to describe something as protean suggests that it is variable or in flux.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nLooking at his life, we couldn't help but see Mitch as a Job-like figure.\n\n0. the Bible\n1. Greek mythology" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion Job is the Bible.\nIn the Bible, Job remains faithful and loyal to God, even after the unjust loss of his possessions, family, and health.\nThe allusion Job means someone who patiently endures adversity.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a globe a good or a service?\n\n0. a good\n1. a service" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a globe is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a globe something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a globe a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a globe is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nMass is a measurement of how much matter something contains.\nThere are many different units of mass. When you are using metric units, mass may be written with units of grams or kilograms.\nThere are 1,000 grams in 1 kilogram. So, 1 gram is much less than 1 kilogram.\nA paper clip has a mass of about 1 gram, while a textbook has a mass of about 1 kilogram.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the mass of a goat?\n\n0. 35 grams\n1. 35 kilograms" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the mass of a goat is 35 kilograms.\n35 grams is too light.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement. It tells about something. A declarative sentence always ends with a period.\nI have an older brother and a younger sister.\nAn interrogative sentence is a question. It asks something. An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark.\nHow tall are you?\nAn imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point.\nRead the first chapter by next week.\nLook out for that car!\nAn exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point.\nSome whales are over ninety feet long!\nI can't wait until tomorrow!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nHow well does Jaylen play the guitar?\n\n0. interrogative\n1. imperative" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAlliteration is the repetition of sounds at the beginning of nearby words.\nWhat a lucky little lady you are!\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nAn idiom is an expression that cannot be understood literally. Its meaning must be learned.\nThe assignment was a piece of cake.\nA simile uses like or as to compare two things that are not actually alike.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nA metaphor compares two things that are not actually alike without using like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nOnomatopoeia involves using a word that expresses a sound.\nThe scrambled eggs hit the floor with a splat.\nPersonification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nA pun involves using a word or phrase in a humorous way that suggests more than one meaning.\nA great new broom is sweeping the nation.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\n\"There's nothing I love more than skipping lunch,\" Mr. Gibson told the flight attendant when he learned that no food would be available on his cross-country flight.\n\n0. verbal irony\n1. personification" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nNothing I love more shows verbal irony because Mr. Gibson is probably upset that there isn't anything to eat.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nWhile at the park today, Elijah noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nWhile at the park today, Elijah noticed that the wind was coming from the southwest.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction at the park today. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nWhich body part pumps blood through the body?\n\n0. stomach\n1. brain\n2. heart" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the bird.\n\n0. porcupinefish\n1. keel-billed toucan\n2. red-spotted newt\n3. harbor seal" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A keel-billed toucan is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.\nToucans have large beaks. A toucan's beak can be half as long as its body.\nA porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.\nPorcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators.\nA harbor seal is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.\nSeals have flippers instead of arms! They use their flippers to swim underwater or to crawl on the beach.\nA red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.\nSome newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The suitcase is pushing on Dean.\n1. The suitcase is pulling on Dean." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Dean is pulling on the suitcase. So, Newton's third law tells you that the suitcase is pulling on Dean.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a potato?\n\n0. 7 yards\n1. 7 inches\n2. 7 feet\n3. 7 miles" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a potato is 7 inches.\n7 feet, 7 yards, and 7 miles are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nBridget has five fingers on each hand.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five fingers on each hand. So, having five fingers is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\nHere, Lila alludes to the fairy tale \"Cinderella,\" in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the source of the allusion in the sentence below?\nTyrone's remark about your new car is clearly a case of sour grapes.\n\n0. Greek mythology\n1. a fable" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The source of the allusion sour grapes is a fable.\nIn the fable \"The Fox and the Grapes,\" a fox tries unsuccessfully to reach a bunch of grapes. Because he cannot reach them and therefore cannot eat them, he tells himself that they must be sour.\nThe allusion sour grapes means criticizing something because you can't have it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nAkiko teaches Chloe about customs in Japan.\n\n0. past tense\n1. future tense\n2. present tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in present tense. You can tell because it uses a present-tense verb, teaches. The verb ends in -es and tells you about something that is true or happening now.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound.\nThe words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound.\nThe words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. plan\n1. ran\n2. rain" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words ran and plan rhyme. They both end with the an sound.\nThe word rain does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Personification is giving human characteristics to nonhuman things. It is a figure of speech that can be used to make writing more interesting or to emphasize a point.\nThe trees danced in the wind.\nThe word danced describes the trees as if they were people. Unlike people, however, trees can't actually dance. Instead, the personification suggests that the trees are moving.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence so that it uses personification.\n\"You might think you'll always be young,\" Mrs. Stone counseled, \"but time ()\".\n\n0. creeps up on you\n1. affects everyone" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Complete the sentence with the phrase creeps up on you. It describes time as if it were a sneaky person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using metric units, length can be written with units of millimeters, centimeters, meters, or kilometers. One meter contains 100 centimeters or 1,000 millimeters. So, 1 meter is larger than 1 centimeter, and 1 centimeter is larger than 1 millimeter.\nThe tip of the pencil shown here is only 1 millimeter wide, but the pencil is about 16 centimeters long.\nA red fox is about 1 meter long. The Sydney Harbour Bridge in Australia is about 1,000 meters, or 1 kilometer, in length.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a human front tooth?\n\n0. 12 millimeters\n1. 12 kilometers\n2. 12 centimeters\n3. 12 meters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a human front tooth is 12 millimeters.\n12 centimeters, 12 meters, and 12 kilometers are all too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nGrace asked her mother if she could adopt a cat, and her mother replied, \"It's a definite maybe,\" so Grace didn't want to get her hopes up.\n\n0. euphemism\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nDefinite maybe is a contradiction, because definite describes something that is sure, and maybe refers to something that is unsure.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Daniel acquired this trait?\n\n0. Daniel knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn.\n1. Daniel learned how to knit in an after school program." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. globe\n1. note\n2. robe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words globe and robe rhyme. They both end with the obe sound.\nThe word note does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word tub on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\ntax - theory\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince tub is not between the guide words tax - theory, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "According to Newton's third law, for every force, there is an equal and opposite force. This means that if one object is applying a force on a second object, the second object must also be applying a force on the first object, but in the opposite direction.\nFor example, if your hand is pushing down on a table, the table is also pushing up on your hand. Or, if you are pulling forward on a rope, the rope is also pulling back on you.\n\nQuestion:\nAccording to Newton's third law, what other force must be happening?\n\n0. The gas pedal is pulling on Susan's foot.\n1. The gas pedal is pushing on Susan's foot." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Susan's foot is pushing on the gas pedal. So, Newton's third law tells you that the gas pedal is pushing on Susan's foot.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word arrest on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nact - axis\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince arrest is between the guide words act - axis, it would be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.\nTo put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.\nIf one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.\n\nQuestion:\nWould you find the word laughter on a dictionary page with the following guide words?\nlever - litter\n\n0. yes\n1. no" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Put the words in alphabetical order.\nSince laughter is not between the guide words lever - litter, it would not be found on that page.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nNatalie is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound\n2. complex\n3. compound-complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is compound-complex. It is made up of two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the relative pronoun which.\nNatalie is a competitive horseback rider, and she will be competing in the next World Equestrian Games, which are held every four years.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI'm never setting foot in any seafood restaurant again. We just had a ridiculously overpriced dinner at Rafi's Seafood Hut, and I have no interest in repeating that experience.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. However, even though one seafood restaurant was overpriced, that doesn't necessarily mean that all seafood restaurants are overpriced. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a hasty generalization.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Carmen acquired this trait?\n\n0. Carmen was not born knowing how to identify different bird calls. She had to learn this skill.\n1. Carmen likes to photograph birds at the zoo." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule.\nIn a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form new molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nBurning a piece of paper is a chemical change. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then relink and form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are created when paper burns.\nIn a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAn air freshener making a room smell nice is a ().\n\n0. chemical change\n1. physical change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An air freshener making a room smell nice is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The matter in the air freshener is changing from solid to gas. This is called sublimation.\nThe gas spreads to fill the room and changes the scent of the air. But it does not form a different type of matter.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAnaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses.\nWe are united. We are powerful. We are winners.\nAntithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure.\nI want to help, not to hurt.\nApostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nOh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully?\nAssonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words.\nTry to light the fire.\nChiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words.\nNever let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.\nUnderstatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is.\nAs you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nWhere have you gone, Joe DiMaggio?\nA nation turns its lonely eyes to you . . .\n—Paul Simon, \"Mrs. Robinson\"\n\n0. chiasmus\n1. apostrophe" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses apostrophe, a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity.\nJoe DiMaggio is a direct address to former baseball star Joe DiMaggio, an absent person.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Shelley inherited this trait?\n\n0. Shelley and her mother both have short hair.\n1. Shelley's parents were born with wavy hair. They passed down this trait to Shelley." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the bony fish traits listed above.\n\n0. Wels catfish have a bony skeleton and live in lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. Wels catfish eggs do not have shells for protection. Male catfish guard the eggs until they hatch.\n1. Gray tree frogs hatch from eggs without shells. They live underwater when they are tadpoles. They move onto land when they become adults. The moist skin of adult gray tree frogs can be green or gray. The color of their skin helps them hide on rocks or plants." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nBony fish have the following traits:\nThey have fins, not limbs.\nThey live underwater.\nThey have a skeleton made of bone.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA gray tree frog has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA gray tree frog does not have all of the traits of a bony fish. A gray tree frog is an amphibian.\nA wels catfish has the following traits:\nIt has fins, not limbs.\nIt lives underwater.\nIt has a skeleton made of bone.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA wels catfish has the traits of a bony fish. A wels catfish is a bony fish.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Emma and her sister posed for a photograph, but when the flash went off, Emma blinked.\n1. Emma and her sister posed for a photograph, but when the flash went off, she blinked." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun she could refer to Emma or her sister.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. She has been replaced with Emma.\nEmma and her sister posed for a photograph, but when the flash went off, Emma blinked.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the item that doesn't belong.\n\n0. ruler\n1. clock\n2. timer\n3. watch" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Ruler doesn't belong.\nTimer, watch, and clock all name items you use to keep track of time.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nI can't believe you'd hire Mike Campbell to watch your dog! Did you know that his friend adopted a dog but then took it back to the shelter after just one week?\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Mike must be an irresponsible dog owner, because his friend was an irresponsible dog owner. However, even though Mike's friend was irresponsible, that doesn't necessarily mean that Mike is also irresponsible. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\npeeling a banana\ntying a shoelace\n\n0. Both are only physical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are caused by heating.\n3. Both are chemical changes." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nPeeling a banana is a physical change. The peel is not covering the rest of the fruit anymore. But both the peel and the banana are still made of the same type of matter as before.\nTying a shoelace is a physical change. The shoelace gets a different shape. But it is still made of the same type of matter.\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. No new matter is created.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nNeither change is caused by heating.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a parking space?\n\n0. 20 inches\n1. 20 miles\n2. 20 yards\n3. 20 feet" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a parking space is 20 feet.\n20 inches is too short. 20 yards and 20 miles are too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Everything you can buy is either a good or a service.\nA good is something you can touch or hold in your hands. For example, a hammer is a good.\nA service is a job you pay someone else to do. For example, cooking food in a restaurant is a service.\n\nQuestion:\nIs a purse a good or a service?\n\n0. a service\n1. a good" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide whether a purse is a good or a service, ask these questions:\nIs a purse something you can touch? Yes.\nIs a purse a job you might pay someone else to do? No.\nSo, a purse is a good.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nWe can't let Governor Merritt impose regulations on gas-guzzling cars! Soon enough, he'll start trying to ban all cars!\n\n0. slippery slope fallacy: the false assumption that a small first step will lead to extreme consequences\n1. appeal to nature: the assumption that natural things are always good\n2. ad hominem: an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that banning cars with low fuel efficiency would lead to a ban on all cars. However, this argument offers only an extreme outcome and ignores other possible outcomes. For instance, the law may be limited to cars with low fuel efficiency. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the slippery slope fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich cover letter is more formal?\n\n0. Now that I've got my degree, I can't wait to try and get a job on your team.\n1. Now that I have earned my degree, I am eager to apply for a position on your team." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second cover letter is more formal. It uses more elevated language (eager to apply, position). The other cover letter uses contractions and conversational language (I've got, can't wait, get a job).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Dalton sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. compound\n2. compound-complex\n3. complex" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Dalton sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 3" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words are made up of syllables. Two kinds of syllables are closed and open.\nA closed syllable has one vowel and ends with a consonant. It usually has a short vowel sound.\ndesk: short e\nkit / ten: short i / short e\nAn open syllable ends with one vowel. It usually has a long vowel sound.\ngo: long o\nhe / ro: long e / long o\nSome open syllables end with y. The y makes a long e sound or a long i sound.\nsky: long i\nba / by: long a / long e\n\nQuestion:\nLook at the word. Does it have a closed syllable or an open syllable?\nbeg\n\n0. closed\n1. open" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The word beg ends with a consonant and has a short vowel sound. So, it has a closed syllable.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nVolume is a measurement of how much space something takes up.\nThere are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters.\nThere are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter.\nA raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat is the volume of a bowl of soup?\n\n0. 280 liters\n1. 280 milliliters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the volume of a bowl of soup is 280 milliliters.\n280 liters is too much.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nAll of my friends are coming to my birthday party. If Miranda doesn't, she might as well tell me that she doesn't like me.\n\n0. false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\n1. red herring: the use of a completely unrelated topic or idea" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that if Miranda doesn't go to the speaker's birthday party, it means that she hates the speaker. However, there may be a number of reasons why Miranda wouldn't go to the party. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a false dichotomy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.\nWeather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.\nClimate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes this passage describe the weather or the climate?\nHassan noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\n\n0. climate\n1. weather" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the text carefully.\nHassan noticed that the wind was blowing in from the ocean this afternoon.\nThis passage tells you about the wind direction where Hassan was this afternoon. It describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike.\nA simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as.\nMy sister runs like a cheetah.\nThe sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like.\nA cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast.\nThe cat's fur was as dark as the night.\nThe cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as.\nThe night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark.\nA metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as.\nThe snow formed a blanket over the town.\nThe snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as.\nA blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely.\nUsing similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.\n\nQuestion:\nDoes the sentence use a simile or a metaphor?\nMrs. Boyd is kind, and her heart is gold.\n\n0. simile\n1. metaphor" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Mrs. Boyd is kind, and her heart is gold.\nThe words heart and gold are compared without the word like or as. So, the sentence uses a metaphor.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound.\nThe words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the same sound.\nThe words meet and treat also rhyme. They both end with the same sound, even though the sound has two different spellings.\nThe words tip and meet don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich word does not rhyme?\n\n0. stork\n1. cork\n2. rock" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The words stork and cork rhyme. They both end with the ork sound.\nThe word rock does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nAn allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature.\n\"I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!\" Lila remarked.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the allusion in this text suggest?\nWith the gutters clogged and water rising in the streets, Tanvi, who was watching the storm from her window, commented, \"We're going to need an ark to get out of here.\"\n\n0. Tanvi plans to build a boat.\n1. Tanvi thinks the storm will cause major flooding." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known.\nThe allusion to an ark suggests that Tanvi thinks the storm will cause major flooding. In the Bible, it rains for forty days and forty nights; Noah, his family, and animals of every species survive the great flood in an ark that he builds.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Informal writing is typically used in casual situations or when communicating with someone you know well. Informal language often expresses familiarity and tends to sound more like speech. It uses more conversational language, such as slang, idioms, abbreviations, imprecise language, and contractions.\nFormal writing is typically used in academic and business writing or when writing directly to an authority figure. It tends to be more courteous and impersonal, avoiding overly familiar or conversational language.\nCompare the following sentences.\nInformal: Yeah, ostriches can't fly, but I think they're awesome.\nMore formal: Ostriches may be flightless, but they're remarkable runners.\nMost formal: Though flightless, ostriches are remarkable runners.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich graduation announcement is more formal?\n\n0. Shawn Morton is graduating, and we couldn't be more proud!\n1. We are proud to announce the graduation of Shawn Morton." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second graduation announcement is more formal. It uses more ceremonious language (proud to announce). The other graduation announcement uses more conversational language (we couldn't be more proud!).\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner.\nWhen a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences.\nBritney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam.\nThe traditional usage above is considered more standard.\nDavid perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages.\nThe nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?\n\n0. Last winter, Craig took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\n1. Last winter, Craig took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Craig tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless.\nLast winter, Craig took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week.\nThe first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Craig's friends were in Florida the week before.\nLast winter, Craig took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.\nMost style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits.\nCosts are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need.\nBenefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.\n\nQuestion:\nSuppose Kimberly decides to make potato soup. Which result would be a cost?\n\n0. The potato soup will be tastier than the beef barley soup would have been.\n1. Kimberly will spend more time making the potato soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Kimberly wants or needs:\nKimberly will spend more time making the potato soup than she would have spent making the beef barley soup.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is not a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw the flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard a rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause in a complex sentence usually begins with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, or whose.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\nDuring his trip to Italy, Tony visited the Trevi Fountain, which is in Rome.\nA compound-complex sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.\nAfter Samantha left work, she stopped at the bank, and then she went to the gym.\nSometimes a dependent clause in a complex or compound-complex sentence can interrupt an independent clause.\nOrcas that are kept in captivity often have bent dorsal fins.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich type of sentence is this?\nAs Harry sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\n\n0. simple\n1. complex\n2. compound-complex\n3. compound" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is complex. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction as.\nAs Harry sat down on the rickety old chair, it abruptly collapsed beneath him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks.\nA run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks.\nThere are several ways to fix a run-on sentence:\nUse stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks.\nUse a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose.\nThe band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.\n\nQuestion:\nIs this a run-on sentence?\nAt Okunoin, Japan's largest cemetery, visitors will find some unusual memorials, there's even a monument to puffer fish that have died at the hands of chefs.\n\n0. no\n1. yes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "This is a run-on sentence. It is a comma splice formed from two sentences run together, joined by just a comma.\nAt Okunoin, Japan's largest cemetery, visitors will find some unusual memorials, there's even a monument to puffer fish that have died at the hands of chefs.\nHere is one way to fix the run-on sentence:\nAt Okunoin, Japan's largest cemetery, visitors will find some unusual memorials; there's even a monument to puffer fish that have died at the hands of chefs.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Diane inherited this trait?\n\n0. Some people use a hair dryer to straighten their hair. But Diane and her brothers have naturally straight hair.\n1. Both of Diane's biological parents have naturally black hair.\n2. When she was younger, Diane wore ribbons in her naturally black hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The package includes some old letters from my grandma to my dad and a broken pocket watch.\n1. Before the performance, Vicky tied a satin sash around her waist, and Nicole braided her hair." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction and.\nBefore the performance, Vicky tied a satin sash around her waist, and Nicole braided her hair.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat information supports the conclusion that Ed acquired this trait?\n\n0. Ed learned how to knit in an after school program.\n1. Ed knits sweaters using cotton, wool, and other types of yarn." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "There are four kinds of sentences.\nA declarative sentence is a statement and always ends with a period.\nThe nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure.\nAn imperative sentence makes a request or a demand and usually ends with a period. If a demand shows strong feeling, it can end with an exclamation point.\nFor this assignment, use references to support your claims.\nDon't drive so quickly in the construction zone!\nAn interrogative sentence asks a question and always ends with a question mark.\nGiven the recent critiques of her new strategic plan, do you think the CEO will reconsider the company's direction?\nAn exclamatory sentence is a statement that shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamation always ends with an exclamation point.\nI can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!\n\nQuestion:\nWhat kind of sentence is this?\nIn the game today, Norma hit a home run with bases loaded!\n\n0. declarative\n1. interrogative\n2. exclamatory" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is a statement that shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation point. It is an exclamatory sentence.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead.\nA Midsummer Night's Dream\nThe title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks.\n\"You Are My Sunshine\"\n\nQuestion:\nWhich correctly shows the title of an article?\n\n0. Sunrise on the Shutdown\n1. \"Sunrise on the Shutdown\"" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An article should be in quotation marks.\nThe correct title is \"Sunrise on the Shutdown.\"\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue.\nDear Aunt Sue,\nI'm glad you could come to my party, and\nthank you for the birthday gift. I could not have\nasked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think\nof you.\nWith love,\nRory\n\nQuestion:\nWhich closing is correct for a letter?\n\n0. Many Thanks,\nLiz\n1. Many thanks,\nLiz" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second closing is correct:\nIts first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nImagine being told that a pencil is 16 long. You might be thinking, 16 what? Is the pencil 16 centimeters long? 16 meters? 16 kilometers?\nThe number 16 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing.\nNow look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are centimeters. So, the length of the pencil is 16 centimeters.\nThere are 100 centimeters in 1 meter. So, 1 centimeter is much shorter than 1 meter.\nThere are 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer. So, 1 meter is much shorter than 1 kilometer.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a tennis racket?\n\n0. 60 kilometers\n1. 60 centimeters" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The better estimate for the length of a tennis racket is 60 centimeters.\n60 kilometers is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nVerbal irony involves saying one thing but implying something very different. People often use verbal irony when they are being sarcastic.\nOlivia seems thrilled that her car keeps breaking down.\nEach breakdown is as enjoyable as a punch to the face.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat does the verbal irony in this text suggest?\nAfter a jog around the block, Jasmine collapsed on the couch and declared with a wheeze, \"Well, I'm ready to run a marathon.\"\n\n0. Jasmine was out of shape.\n1. Jasmine plans to run more." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses verbal irony, which involves saying one thing but implying something very different.\nReady to run a marathon ironically suggests that Jasmine was out of shape. She was actually far from ready to run a marathon.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nThis fast food chain claims that they've served five billion people, so they must have the best hamburger in town. Five billion people can't be wrong!\n\n0. bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct\n1. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that the fast food chain has the best hamburger, because they've served five billion people. However, even though they've served five billion people, that doesn't necessarily mean that they have the best hamburger. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as the bandwagon fallacy.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive.\nA euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic.\nThe head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off.\nHyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.\nI ate so much that I think I might explode!\nAn oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nSome reviewers are calling this book a new classic.\nA paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth.\nAlways expect the unexpected.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich figure of speech is used in this text?\nThe city of Bloomington is currently experiencing a minor crisis. Its sanitation workers are on strike, and the garbage is piling up in the streets.\n\n0. paradox\n1. oxymoron" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text uses an oxymoron, a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms.\nMinor crisis is a contradiction, because minor means small or insignificant, and a crisis is a large problem.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following statement true or false?\nAn animal cell has a cell membrane.\n\n0. true\n1. false" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An animal cell has a cell membrane.\nThis statement is true. Every cell has a cell membrane. The cell membrane controls which substances enter and leave the cell.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Kevin investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Which type of tree do the squirrels feed from most often?\n1. Do the squirrels eat walnuts from large feeders more often than from small feeders?\n2. Do the squirrels select sunflower seeds or walnuts more often?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe anthropologists will go into the canyon.\n\n0. past tense\n1. present tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, go. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Chemical changes and physical changes are two common ways matter can change.\nIn a chemical change, the type of matter changes. The types of matter before and after a chemical change are always different.\nSome chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. When paper gets hot enough, it re­acts with oxygen in the air and burns. The paper and oxygen change into ash and smoke.\nIn a physical change, the type of matter stays the same. The types of matter before and after a physical change are always the same.\nA change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, ice melting is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Ice and liquid water are made of the same type of matter: water.\nThe law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.\n\nQuestion:\nWhat do these two changes have in common?\na piece of pear turning brown\nbaking cookies\n\n0. Both are chemical changes.\n1. Both are caused by cooling.\n2. Both are only physical changes.\n3. Both are caused by heating." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Step 1: Think about each change.\nA piece of a pear turning brown is a chemical change. The substances in the pear react with oxygen in the air and turn into a different type of matter.\nIf you scrape off the brown part of the pear, the inside will still be white. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the pear.\nBaking cookies is a chemical change. The type of matter in the cookie dough changes when it is baked. The cookie dough turns into cookies!\nStep 2: Look at each answer choice.\nBoth are only physical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes.\nBoth are chemical changes.\nBoth changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different.\nBoth are caused by heating.\nBaking is caused by heating. But a piece of pear turning brown is not.\nBoth are caused by cooling.\nNeither change is caused by cooling.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision:\nIdeas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis?\nOrganization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow?\nVoice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay?\nSentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive?\nWord choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing?\nGrammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?\n\nQuestion:\nRead the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her narrative voice?\nDuring our last game, our pitcher Felipe suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Hoffman asked him if he was OK, and Felipe said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Felipe finally returned. Coach Hoffman said he was glad Felipe was back, and Felipe said he was happy and relieved.\n\n0. by using active voice\n1. by removing biased language\n2. by adding dialogue" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The writer could best improve his or her narrative voice by adding dialogue.\nFor example, the writer could replace the underlined sentences with exchanges between Coach Hoffman and Felipe.\nDuring our last game, our pitcher Felipe suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Hoffman asked him if he was OK, and Felipe said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Felipe finally returned. Coach Hoffman said he was glad Felipe was back, and Felipe said he was happy and relieved.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Scientists sort animals with similar traits into groups. This is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live.\nHow do scientists classify animals? First, they make observations about an animal. Scientists observe the animal's traits, including its body parts and behavior. Then, scientists compare the animal's traits to other animals' traits. Scientists classify animals with similar traits into a group.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one animal that has all of the amphibian traits listed above.\n\n0. Barn owls live on every continent except Antarctica. They have feathers, two wings, and a beak. They hatch from eggs with shells.\n1. California newts have moist, smooth skin that is brown and orange. Their eggs have no shells, but they are protected by a poisonous gel. Young California newts live in shallow pools or streams. Adult newts live mostly on land." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "To decide if an animal is part of a group, look at the traits of the group.\nAmphibians have the following traits:\nThey spend part of their lives in water and part on land.\nThey have moist skin.\nThey make eggs with no shells.\nCompare each animal's traits to the group's traits. Select the animal with traits similar to the group's traits.\nA barn owl has the following traits:\nIt has feathers.\nIt has wings.\nIt has a beak.\nIt makes eggs with shells.\nA barn owl does not have all of the traits of an amphibian. A barn owl is a bird.\nA California newt has the following traits:\nIt spends part of its life in water and part on land.\nIt has moist skin.\nIt makes eggs with no shells.\nA California newt has the traits of an amphibian. A California newt is an amphibian.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth.\nThe amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower.\nIf the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen.\nWhen an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth...\nincreases | increases\ndecreases | decreases\nstays the same | stays the same\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the statement. Assume that Robert's mass did not change.\nThe gravitational potential energy stored between Robert and Earth () as he rode the escalator.\n\n0. increased\n1. decreased\n2. stayed the same" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Think about how the distance between Robert and the center of Earth changed.\nThe second floor is higher than the first floor. As he rode the escalator toward the second floor, the distance between Robert and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between Robert and Earth increased as he rode the escalator.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now.\nMost present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es.\nTwo verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms.\nPast tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened.\nMost past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed.\nSome verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms.\nFuture tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen.\nAll future-tense verbs use the word will.\nPresent | Past | Future\nwalk, walks | walked | will walk\ngo, goes | went | will go\n\nQuestion:\nWhich tense does the sentence use?\nThe farmer will grow corn in that field.\n\n0. present tense\n1. past tense\n2. future tense" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, grow. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.\nTherefore my final answer is: 2" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate.\nThe pitcher threw the ball to first base.\nA compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nThe pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it.\nSome simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences.\nAnna and James will watch the fireworks tonight.\nThis simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James.\nThe singers bowed and walked off the stage.\nThis simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat.\nThis is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a compound sentence?\n\n0. The highway is full of cracks, so the workers are repairing it.\n1. The engine in the car makes a strange noise." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so.\nThe highway is full of cracks, so the workers are repairing it.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the one true statement.\n\n0. An animal cell has chloroplasts but not a cell wall.\n1. Chloroplasts use the energy from sunlight to make sugar for plant cells.\n2. Lysosomes are the sites where ribosomes build proteins in animal cells." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment.\nImagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment?\nFirst, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available.\nNext, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick.\nSo, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!\n\nQuestion:\nUsing only these supplies, which question can Jaden investigate with an experiment?\n\n0. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly when the pie is cooked in a glass pan or in an aluminum pan?\n1. Do pie crusts made with white flour burn less quickly when covered with aluminum foil or when left uncovered?\n2. Does a pie crust made with white flour burn more quickly than a pie crust made with whole wheat flour?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Plants and animals are living things. Living things are called organisms.\nPlants come in many shapes and sizes. Most plants grow in the ground. They might grow leaves, flowers, and fruit. Plants cannot move around on their own like animals can.\nAnimals also come in many shapes and sizes. Most animals can move around. Animals might run, swim, jump, or fly. Animals eat plants or other organisms for food.\n\nQuestion:\nSelect the animal.\n\n0. Tulips have a green stem.\n1. Flamingos walk and fly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A tulip is a plant. It has a green stem.\nTulips grow best in cool, dry places.\nA flamingo is an animal. It walks and flies.\nFlamingos live in large groups. These groups are called flocks.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means.\nWhen you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles.\nThere are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile.\nA football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.\n\nQuestion:\nHow long is a seesaw?\n\n0. 4 yards\n1. 4 feet\n2. 4 miles\n3. 4 inches" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The best estimate for the length of a seesaw is 4 yards.\n4 inches and 4 feet are too short. 4 miles is too long.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Waste is material within an animal's body that it cannot use. If waste builds up in an animal's body, it will make the animal sick. So, the waste must be removed.\nExcretion and elimination are two ways waste can be removed from an animal's body.\n Waste that is made by an animal's cells is removed by the excretory system. The waste in a cell comes from the breakdown of nutrients. Cells break down nutrients and make many different chemicals. The animal uses most of these chemicals to stay healthy. But cells also make some chemicals that the animal does not need. The release of unneeded chemicals as waste is called excretion. \n Waste that is left over from food is removed by the digestive system. The digestive system breaks down food and takes in small nutrient particles. Some parts of the food are left over after the nutrients are absorbed. These parts are waste. The anus releases this waste from the body. The release of waste left over from food is called elimination.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nAnimals produce waste, which ().\n\n0. their bodies cannot use\n1. all stays in the animal's body forever\n2. is used to help the animal grow" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Animals produce material that their bodies cannot use. This material is waste.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent.\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief.\nThe pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nVague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways:\n1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent:\nWhen Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief.\n2. Rewrite the sentence:\nLisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed.\nA vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent.\nThey say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\nThe pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear.\nThis problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent.\nThe advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?\n\n0. Nick waved goodbye to Tyler as his train pulled out of the station.\n1. As Tyler's train pulled out of the station, Nick waved goodbye to him." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun his could refer to Nick or Tyler.\nNick waved goodbye to Tyler as his train pulled out of the station.\nThe first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. The text has been rewritten so that the meaning is clear.\nAs Tyler's train pulled out of the station, Nick waved goodbye to him.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nred herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nDon't ever get a ride from Amanda. Her brother has been driving for only six months, and he's already gotten three speeding tickets.\n\n0. hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence\n1. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Amanda must be a reckless driver, because her brother is a reckless driver. However, even though Amanda's brother is reckless, that doesn't necessarily mean that Amanda is, too. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate.\nAn independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.\nthe oranges on our tree are ripe\nThe clause can stand alone. It is independent.\nafter we pick up Kevin from work\nThe clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent.\nA simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause.\nBen and I spent all day relaxing by the pool.\nSome simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate.\nIn the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat.\nBen usually wears his heavy coat in the winter.\nA compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so.\nWe saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder.\nA complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while.\nIf she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.\n\nQuestion:\nWhich is a complex sentence?\n\n0. Freedom of speech and trial by jury are two important rights in the United States Constitution.\n1. When the submarine surfaced, a crowd of people on the shore gathered and stared at the rare sight." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The first sentence is the complex sentence. It is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with the subordinating conjunction when.\nWhen the submarine surfaced, a crowd of people on the shore gathered and stared at the rare sight.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A chemical change occurs when new substances are formed from existing substances. This process is called a chemical reaction.\nIn a chemical reaction, one or more substances change into one or more different substances. During the reaction, the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to form other substances.\nThe original substances in a chemical reaction are called reactants. These substances react, or go through a chemical change.\nThe substances that are formed in a chemical reaction are called products. These substances are produced by the chemical reaction.\nSo, in a chemical reaction, reactants go through a chemical change to form products.\n\nQuestion:\nComplete the sentence.\nIn this chemical reaction, propane is a ().\n\n0. reactant\n1. product" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Read the underlined text carefully. Look for information about what happens to propane in this chemical reaction.\nHave you ever eaten food that was cooked on a grill? Some grills are powered by propane gas. The propane combines with oxygen in the air to make carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. This process releases energy in the form of heat, creating a flame that cooks the food.\nThe underlined text tells you that when propane and oxygen combine, carbon dioxide and water are formed. When propane and oxygen react, or go through a chemical change, their atoms are rearranged to form carbon dioxide and water. Because propane reacts in this chemical reaction, propane is a reactant.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.\nA logical fallacy may present irrelevant information:\nFallacy | Description\nad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself\nappeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice\nbandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice\ncircular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself\nguilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something\nA logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand:\nFallacy | Description\nfalse causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other\nfalse dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist\nhasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations\nslippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences\nstraw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n\n\nQuestion:\nWhich logical fallacy is used in the text?\nEva claims that the Greenwood Ferrets' new quarterback is better than their old one. I think Eva is being unfair: the Ferrets' old quarterback wasn't a terrible player.\n\n0. guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something\n1. straw man: a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against\n2. circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The text argues that Eva thinks the Ferrets' old quarterback was a terrible player. But this misrepresents Eva's argument. Eva only claims that the Ferrets' new quarterback is better. This argument doesn't necessarily imply that the old quarterback was a bad player. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as a straw man.\nTherefore my final answer is: 1" } ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways.\nInherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned.\nAcquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.\n\nQuestion:\nIs the following trait inherited or acquired?\nCindy has five toes on each foot.\n\n0. inherited\n1. acquired" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Most humans are born with five toes on each foot. So, having five toes is an inherited trait.\nTherefore my final answer is: 0" } ]